Mt. PRINCETON, N. J. ^ Collection of Puritan Literature. Division ^^S Section /...SF^J^-J 1 Nmnber ..v.../. K»es»?-* I'ij}nrrJu> ^taltolica RELATIONS OBSER VATI ONS; Historical and Politick, upon the PARLIAMENT begun l ea]Of their Lam^Liberties^ ani Properties. God hath curled him that re- moveth the Bound-marks of his Neighbour \ this is a cornpre- henfive Curfe, Kings enlarging their Prerogative^ beygnd t. .eir limits,are not excepted from it.You may be pleaf d to take I.e. d therforeof two forts of men, moitlikely to mil-lea ! you in point , Ambitious Lawyers, who teach the Law to fpteag \ not what the Legislators meant, but what you fhall feem to defire: To avoid this inare,iufierycAir Parliament to nominate 3 run for every Judges p'ace, out oi which you may pleafc to choofc one , as in prjc riffs. For iris the people that are ob- noxious to their wickednefs3 you are above the reach of their malice. The fecond fort is Parafnical Dilincs ; Thefe Bar- wigs A 2 are are always hovering in Princes Courts , hanging in their ears. They take upon them to make Princes beholding to their vio- lent wrcfting of the text 3 to beftow upon them whatever Prero- gative the Kings of Juda and Ifracl uled or uiurped 5 as if the ju- dicial ot Mcfes where appointed by God for all Common- wealths, all Kings .- as a good Bifhopricb or Living is fit for eve- ry Prieft that can catch it. Thefe men having their belt hopes of preferment from Princes , make Divinity to be bur Organon Po- liticurn ', an inftrument of Government ; and harden the hearts of Princes, Pharaoh-like-. Kings delight to be tickled by fucb venera- ble, warrantable flattery. Sir, you have more means to prefer them than other men , therfore they apply themfelvcs msrc to you than other men do. Tu facts hum Domi/ium, Tefacit ille Deum. The King makes the poor Prieft a Lord,and rather than he will be behind with the King in eourtefie, he will flatter him above the condition of a Mortal , and make Him a God Royal. Sir , permit me to give you this Antidote againft this poyfon ; let ait Act be paffc, That all fucb Divines , as either by Preaching , writing y cr difcourfing) fhall advance your Prerogative and Power above trie known Laws and Liberties of the Land , forfeit aU his Ecclefiafiical pre- ferments ipfo fa£to, and be incapable ever after , and for ever bani\hed jour Court. But above all, learn to truft in your Judgment : Plus sdiis de te quam tu tibi credere noli : God hath enabled you to re- member things paft , to obfervc things prefent, and by compa- ring them together, to conjecture things to come ; which are the three parts oYWiMom that will much honour and advantage you: God keep your Majefty } fo prays a. Tour bumble SubjeEt, THEOPH.VERAXJ 22 To his Excellency Sir Thomas Fairfax, and the j\%M1 under his Command. MY Lord and Gentlemen, I have here by way of Pre- paration laid open to your view, zhoic Fleers which you have undertaken to cure ,ziz. The 2 FaBions in Parlia- ment, Authors oiSchifmes and Dhifions in the two Houfes , from whence they are derived to the whole Kingdom, to the obftuBing of justice i and of the eft alii foment of our Laws ,.. Rights , Liberties, &nd Peace ; the en/la J &c. But ive are Lath to prejs any thing that may lengthen d if put es. Are fo many Millions to be curforily paffed over without difpute ? were they not the blood and tears of the exhauflcd peo- ple , and the milk of their Babes? are they not like Achats wedge amongft us ? would it not much cafe the people of burthens , and go far in the payment of Souldiers and publick debts , to have both the Kings and the Parliaments fponges ( of what party and profefiion foever ) fqucezecL into the common Treafury whenibevcr the Common- wealth fettles? Review this claufe well, and as the Parlia- ment hath altered fome Votes for you,fo do you alter this claufe for the people, .who long not only to fee the King- dom, but alio our new-made Gentlemen inftatu quopriw. Gentlemen, you that will give Counfel will take it,with- out offence , againft him that dares lay as good claim to juftice and honefty as your felves. THEODORUS VERAX. The The MyPeery of the Two Juntoes, ^Presbyterian and Independent* with fome Additions, IHe Kingdom bein^ overgrown with Prerogative ^ Cor* t rxpeier^nd Stt^rfi\no;i ^(ihc fruits of a kmgand Iszie pcf.ee; by a long di (continuance of Parliaments;at hit by Providence i.is Ma jetty was neceflitatcd to call a Parliament, the only College of Phy ficians topurgc tiic much- di- (tempered body of the Commonwealth, In this Parliament a conteft between the Kizgs Prerogative j,nd the Peoples Laws and Liberties begat a War, The Divines on both fides, out of their Pulpits, founding Alarum thereto; and not on- ly Serm-'Yii, but Declarations of Pur -tamer*'*; and the National Co* venatiijxolding forth to the people the defence of Religion,Laws, Liberties^ nd Properties inflamed the people to the rage of battel, fcs the Elephant is enraged at the fight of Red. This Waroccafi- oned extraordinary Taxes and Levies of money, fuch as were ne- ver heard of by our Anceftours, and were Irrit amenta maUrum , thenurr! of our corruptions. Thii incentive working upon the humane frailty of the Speaking 5' and leading Members of the Houfes > caufed them firfl to -inter- Grandees, weave their pirckular in eretts and ambitions with the publick , and iaftly to prefer them before the publick. Whcrioic the hid Leading men or Grand-jes'Sor that is now Par- 4 kftftept faagUtge)Birft divided themfelves into tmfM ons or /««- Tatticnsl t&esiTmbiteriA'.is and Independent ft iteming to look only upon the Church, bit Religion having the ■ irronreft operation upon the fpintof fftan ) involved the interefts of the Commonwealth. The common people of the two Hoi-. wing ( with an . implicit^ fakl lind obedience ) r\ , !eo: their leaders, divided themfelves alio into the faid Dichotomy ; which they did with more ferioofbefs than their leaders;as nor perceiving any thir-gof m; but according to the diverfuy of their judgment, or raciier fancies and confiuings ( for to rcfign a mans mans judgment to the opinion of another man k but a filly truft and confidence ) ftudiedtl:e aphoU^g of their parties with car- neftnefs, whilft the Granites of each party in private cloze toge- ther for their own advancement , ferv.' one anothers turn. ^ The Grandees (in all publick d^Hat ) d em as real in their reciprocal oppofitions , agthofefiJy ones wfiio arc in earneft, whereby they cheriih the zeal of their ^Dedive parties, keep them #ill divided , Divide & impera is the Devils rule ) and fo amufe them, and take them ofTfrcm looking after other inter ells, in which, wei e they conjoyned , tbey might (hare with the Gran- dees themfelves ; and for the better contentment of fuch their Confidents as look too intentively after their own gain , the Grandees of each Junto confer fomething of advantage upon thofe that are fubfervent unco them, as five pounds a week, or fome pet- ty imploymcnt. j The feeds of thefe faftions fpread themfelves into the Common- wealth and Armies , as a Rheum diftils from the head into all the body, g Thus the Leading men or Bel- weathers bzimgfeemingiy divided Monopoli- themfelves, and having really divided the fJoufes , and captivated \in* -prQm their refpe&ive parties judgment , teaching them by an Implicitc fits and pre- ^c^» ifirarc ** verba Maftftri , to pin their opinions upon their ferments ^ecves \ tncY begin to advance their projects of Monopolizing * the profits , preferments , and power of the Kingdom in them- felves. To which purpofe, though the leaders of each party fcem to maintain a hot oppofition , yet when any profit or preferment is to be reached at , it is obferved that a powerfull Independent efpecially moves for a Presbyterian, or a leading Presbyterian for an Independent; and feldom doth one oppofe or fpeak againft: another, in fuch cafes, unlefs fomething of particular /pleen or Competition come between, which caufeth them to break the common Rule^ By this means the Grandees of each fa&ion fel- dom mifs their mark, fincean Independent moving for a Pres- byterian , his reputation carries the bufinefs clear with the Inde- pendent party; and the Presbyterians will not oppofe a leading man of their own fide. By this artifice the G andees of each fide (hare the Commonwealth between them ; and are now be* come proudjdoraineering Reboboams> even oyer the reft of their fellow (?) fellow Members, contrary to the liberty of Pari, which confifts in an equality; that were formerly fawning ambitious Abfoloms. There hath be^n la;ely g'ven away to Members openly ( be* fides innumerable and ineftimable private cheats mutually con- nived at ) ac iea^ 300000I. in money , befides rich Offices, hm- ployments in money Committees, Seque(lrrcions,and other ad- vantages. And thofe Members who hav^ fo well krvea them- telves, under colour of fervingche publick , are , fof the mod part ,old Canvaiers of Factions, who have late ideh and falcly in the Houfe, watching their advantages to confound bufirr Acs,and fhufrle the cards to nrke their own game , when oth ers that have ventured their perfon* abroad. laboured in the publick v. 01k, like Ifraelites under thefe /Egyptian cask-matters, and loil their e- flates, are left to fterve until! they can rind rehi-f m that.".- pty bag called by fools, //atar I ublica, by wile mtwfdes Pm led , and are now looked upon in the Hcufe upercii-oufly , like unwel- come guefts , for it is known how mal gnamly, am; how juglmgly writs for new Elections were granted and executed, and called younger brothers, and like younger brothers they are ufed , their elder brothers having flipped into the World before them, and anticipated the inheritance ; they have broken firft into the com- mon field >and (hut the door to prevent after commers even from gleaning after their full harveft , for the better -cfte&ing whereof, they have now morgaged , in effed , all the means they have to raife money , unto the City * and being themfeives fat and full with the publick Treafure, to exprefs rather their fcorn th?,n cn*e , they are making an Ordinance that no more money (hall be given to their Members 3 and yet to (hew how carefull they are ofallfuchas have cheated the Commonwealth ur.de* th r/ , I will not fay for them , they have taken advantage of the Petition of the Army, wherein they defirelndempnity for all acts done in Relation to the War , and have parted an Ordinance of In- dempnity for all fuch as have acted by Authority , and fov the fer- vice of the Parliament,wherein,under great penalties, and men an appeal at laft from the Judges of the Law to a Committee of Par- liament , fuch as nave gone beyond the Authority given by Par- liament and fequeftred men unjuftly,and fo withheld iheir goods under pretence thereof, and fuch as have leavied Taxes three or B four (4) four times over , are quit from private aftions , and the beneSc of Law and Juftice taken from the oppreffed , to fecure C*#«- iry Committees , Seqteftrators and others ( not PrtMttiv* but L*gi(kttivi)Tht6V€s% contrary to M*g** Cmrt* , which fays , nutti Ktgabimm , mlli difenmm jttflitiam , tut retlnm ; We will ! deny,nor defer juftice and right to no mamQb prodigious a A«, & of greater Tyranny than any King ever durft adventure' upen. What is become of our National Covenant 3 and the Parliaments many Declarations for defence of Laws and Liberty ? Or have we fought our Liberty into flavery?By thefe devices thth&»eft midale ntex of the Houfe ( whole Confcienccs will not let them joyn in any faction to rend the Commonwealth in funrier) are out of allpoflibility ofrepiir , and made contemptible as well by their own wants , as the pride of the Grandees : and in the end , their poverty will enforce them to leave the fole pofTeflion of the Houfe to thefe thriving Junto.mf*tv?ho do beleaguer them therein, ma- king them (for farther addition to their loffes ) pay all taxes , from which the thriving men go free : fo that the poorer part ef the Houfe pays tribute to the ricber*Nay it is farther whifpered, that at laft the Junto men will quit the Parliament Privilege of not being fued, purpofely to leave thefe younger Brothers to die mercy of their Creditors, and difable them to fit in their Houfe. 20 Another ambitious aym of thofe Jmte-m** is, their devifc of Committees referring all bufincfles of moment to Committees* For the active cf the Bon- ipeaking men by mutual agreement naming one another of eve- fes* ry Committee ( or at leaft their confident Minifters ) do there- by fore- ff all and intercept the bufinefTes of the Houfe , and under colour of examining and preparing matters, they report them to the Koufe with what gloffes, additions , detractions , and ad- < vantages they pleafe • whereby the Houfe (judging according to their report ) oftentimes mif judgeth , and if it be a bufifiefs they are willing to (mother, the Committees have infinii e artificial de- lays to put it off, and keep it from a hearing , or kt leaft from re- porting. By this means the remaining p»> rt of the Houfe are but Cyphers to value , and Suffragans to rat. fit what is forejudged by the faid Committees- This u fur pat ion of theirs is much helped by keeping the doors of their CoTurittee-rooms (hut, and dif- gatcjungall aifuirs privately and in the dark 5 wWeas JulHce (5) delights in the light , and ought to be as publick as the common air, it being againft its nature to be Chambred up , and kept ft oca the obfervation of eye, andearwitneffes. And by their examining of men againft: them felves, contrary to Magna Charta , they much enlarge their power. Parts of this project we may well call che Multiplicity of rnc* 1 1 nty C»mmttecs , as Goldfmithshall, Haberdafhers hail , the McncyCom- Committee of the Kings Revenue?, Committee of the Army, &c mitt ecu Where every mans profic and power is according to his cunning and conference. Hereby they draw a ge r.eral dependency after them, for he that commands the money, commands the men. Thefe Committee-men are fo powerful! that they over-awe and over-power their fellow Members , contrary to the nature of a free- Parliament; wherein the equality of the Members muft main- tain the freedom and integrity thereof , and fupprefs faftl-' ons. The like may be faid of fuch Members as ( in fcorn of ihtfdf- denying Ordinances) koldOffi-css by gift or connivence of the Par- mdgmL rf liament , either openly in their own name, or fecretly in the name faifa. Qffi9 of fome friend. Their offices inabling them to do courteiies and , tfz jj difcourtefics. And although there hath been a Committee appoin- Ci * ■ ted to certifie all penfions,fcqueftrations , offices, imp'oyraents of advantage and profits conferred by the Parliament upon any their Members, in which Committee Mr. Sands holdeth the chair; yet is this meerly a formality to blind the eys of the World, and tool the expectation of fome loftng Members, who were then relblute to know who had already received fatiffa&ion for their IoiTes , and how far they had out*run their fellow Members therein. Yet this Committee is now let fall , no reports deman- ded of Mr. Sands , and when any is to be made, they are not un- provided of a means to make ic fruitlefs, by putting every particu- lar to debate; well knowing, that no man will be willing to ar- gue againft the particular perfons and merits of his fellow Mem- bers, and thereby heap envy upon his own bead, bcfides the delay of a particular debate. How frequently the Countrit Committees aft contrary to the x 3 Laws of the Land; how they trample Mtgna Chart a under their Country *eetj how boldly and avowedly they tranfgrefs all Orders aniCfmwtajw B2 Ordi- Ordinances of Parliament , and break our Solemn League and Covenant? how they ordinarily turn well-affected men out of their free-holds and goods, imprifon and beat their Perfons, with, out any known charge, accufer, or witnefs againftthem ; nay murther them, ai in the cafe of Dodor Rawleygh killed in prifon atWefofby the Committees Marfhal; and the poor men mur- thcred at Bridgwater , whofe bloods were fhed like the blood of a dog , and no real profecution thereof; how frequently they leavy one fax three or four times over , and continue their lea- vies after the Ordinance expire, How cruelly they raife the twentieth and fifth part upon the weJ I- affected , exercifing an illegal, arbitrary, tyrannical power over their fellow Subjects, far higher than ever Strafford or Canterbury durft %dvire the King to; how ignorantiy and unjufliy they cxercifea power to hear *nnd private amtrovnftes of Mejtm & Tuum for d -fas , trefpaffes , nay Title and poffeffion of Lands, without either formality or knowledge of the Law , not having wit , man- ners , nor breeding enough ,as being c ho fen for the greateft parr, out of the baieft of the People, for bafe ends , to fatisfie men with anourl'u. or Complement of juftice : Infomuch that nothing is now more Common > than anaccufation without an accufer, a iemene£ without a JtfdgCi and a condemnation without a hea- ring. How dry exclude ?.ll other Magiftracy, ingroflingto them- felves thr power of Sheriffs , lufbcesof Peace, Church- wardens, &c. in an Arbitrary way • keeping Troops of Horie,upon pay and free quarter for t heir guards , like the 30 Tyrants of At hens ^ and if any man but fpeak of cailing them to give an account,they pre- fcntly vote him a Delinquent , and Sequefter him. If any man* J fay , be fo deaf as not to hear rhe loud univerfal out-crying of the people , fo great a flrar.ger in our lirael as not to know rhefe trutbesjet hiui p?rufe }A*Edw rd Kings difecvery of the arbitra- ry a&ions of the Committee of LiHtob*^ and the heads of Grievances ovGlamo'ganihrc , printed \6^y* where he may fee thefe things briefly Epitomized ; but to Hiftorize them at large would require a volume as big rs the book of Ai ttfyns* Thefe Committees are excellent fpunges to auk money from the people, and to ferve not only their own , but alfo the Covetous , Ma- liciops, (7) Jicious, Ambitious end?,ofthofe that raked them out of the dung- hill for that imployment , and do defend them in their opprefli- ons ; who is fo blind as not to fee thefe men have their protestors? the Dtmoncs to whom they offer up part of their rapins,to whom they facrifife Occn'ta ffinlia, e'? plttres d? face Triampbos. If there be any intention to reftore our Laws and Liberties , and free us from Arbitrary Government , it is fit thefe Committees and all afTociations be laid down , having no enemy to aflociatc againft, and that the old form of Government by Sheriffs , lufti- ces of the Peace, &c. be re-eflablifhed , and the Militia in each County fetled as before in Lieutenants;and deputy Lieutenants,or in Commifli oners. The rather, becaufe the people are now generally of opinion, They may as eafily find Charity inHel,as Iuftice in any Comittee- and that the King hath takfndown one Stir-chamber , and the Parliament hath fet up a hundred. Nor is it a fmall artifice to raife money by fo many feveral and 14 conf * ft d Taxes,- Whereas one or two ways orderly ufed and Taxes* well husbanded , would have done the work. r. Royal Subfidie of 300000 1, 2. Pole money ^. The free Loans and Contribu- tions upon the Publick Faith amounted to a vad incredible fum in money, Plate, Horfe , Arnr^ , &c. 4-TheIrifli adventure for fale of Lands the firft and fecor.d time. 5. 1 he VVeekly meal. 6. The City Loan after the. rate of 50 Subfidies. 7* The AfTcfmrnt for bringing in the Scots. S.The five and t wentith part, p. The Weekly Aflefment for my Lord Generals A rmy. 1 o. The Weekly ('or Monthly) Arfefitierit lor Sir T- will at I aft ei- ther be fruftrated by a tedious Committee ?f Accounts , or for- gotten; in the mean time ,, the Grand Coi.miree of Accounts difcount it out of the Commanders A: rears , whereby the State fcves ic» 15. The Kings Revenue* is. Sequeftrations and Plun- B 3 der <8> derby Committees, which if well anfwered to the State, would have carried on the work, which thus I demonstrate* One halt of all the goods and Chattells, and (atleaft ) one half of the t Lands, Rents, and Revenues of the Kingdom have been fe- queftred. And who can imsgin that one half of the profits and Goods of the Land will not maintain any Forces that csn be kept and fed in England, for the defence thereof ? iy Excife up- on all thing«-this alone if well managed would maintain the War; the Low- Countries make it almoft their only fupport. i 8. Forti- fication money, &c.By tbefe fevcral ways and Taxes, about forty Mtlhons in money and money- worth have been milked from the people ; and the Parliament ( as the Pope did once) may call £n^Und) Puteum inexhauftum • yet it is almoft drawn dry. A vaft Treafure, and fo exceflive, as nothing but a long peace could ifn/ort ; and nothing but much fraud and many follies could dif- •#pate, and we ought not to wonder if it be accounted inter arcana novjfimi imperii j.o be always making, yet never finishing an ac- count thereof. T - And as they have artificially confounded the accounts by lay- A6CQints\ ing on multiplicity ofTaxes;foCfor the fame rcafon) they let the money run in fo many muddy, obfcurechanels , through fo many Committees and Officers fingers , both for collecting, receiving, ifluing and paying k forth, thatitisimpoffible to make or bal- iance any Publick account thereof; and at lead one half thereof is known to be devoured by Committees and Officers , and thole that for lucre protect them. Bythefe means, as they make many men partners with them in the publick fpoyls , fo they much ftrengthen and increafe their party ,whcreby multitude peccant mm to Hit poenam* If thefe things were not purpofely done, i.Our Taxes would Accounts a* ^e ^ewer ^ number , and more in effect. 2. They would be put to coin* run in one cnanel y under the fingering of fewer Harpies , and perfpicuous and true Entries made of all receipts and dif— burfments , which would be publick to common view and exami- nation. The Exchequer way of accounts is the exacted, anti- enteft, and belt known way of account of England , and mod free from deceit , which is almoft confeffed defatl§ , when , to make the Kings Revenue more obnoxious to their defires, they took (?) took it out of the Exchequer way , ( contrary to the fundament*/ Laws of the Land ; for both the Higher and Lower Exchequer are as antient and fundamental as any Court in EngUnd ) and put k under a Committee, which, as all otter Committees do, will render an account of their Stewardfliip at the latter day. In the mean time divers of that Committee buy in old fleeping Pen- sions, which they pay thcmfelves from the firft of their arrears ; ye: other men that have dtsburfed money out of their purfes for the Kings Service, can receive no pay for any money laid forth before Michaelmas Term, 1643. becaufe ( forfooth ) then the Committee firft took charge ot the Revenue. In the mean time the Kings Tenants and Debtors are deprived of the benefit of the Laws and Liberties of the fubjed , which before they enjoyed • all Debts and Moneys being now railed by the terrour ot Pur- fuivants and MelTengers , whofe Commiflions are only to diftrain and levy &c. whereas formerly the Exchequer fent out legal Pro- cefs, and the Tenant or Debtor had liberty to plead to it in his own defence, if he thought himfelf wronged ; but now New Lords, new Laws, and to countenance their doings, the Com- mittee have gotten an addition of fome Lords to them* 3. If there were h\r play above board , fo many Members of both Houies would not be ambitious of the trouble and clamour that atends Task- matters , Publicans, and fuch (Inners at fit at the receipt ©fCuftome, being no part of the bufinefs for which the Writ Summons, or the people choofeor truft them,* and whereby they are diverted from the bulinefs of the Houfe : but would leive that imployment to other men , who not having the chara- cter and privilege of Parliament upon them , will be lefsableto pro:ed themfelves and their agents from giving publick accounts ? of their receipts and disburfments , and from putting affronts and delays upon the Committee of Accompts , ( as it is well known ) fome of them have done.Laitlv,ic is fcandalous that the fame men ihould be continued fo long in their money imployments, becaufe 'Diti-urnitas & fulituh csr. rum}nnt Imperia ; and by long Qonti- naance and experience they grow fo hardned , fo cun .ing in their way, and fo backed with dependencies, that it isalmoftimpoftiblc to trace them. And although ( when we look upon the many perfons imployed ) we cannot fay there u ^iitijM^YfonarHm\ yet. on, as is ufually done in the Low- Countries, and as was once done by this Parliament , Anno 1 641. by a Declaration of the accompts of the Kingdom. But it may be the Synod in favour of the Grandees , hive voted that place in Scripture {Rendtr an account ofthj Stewardjhip ) to be bat Apocryphal. By thefe exorbitant courfes;though they have drayned 40 Mil- j- lions from the people , yet ( as Philip of A face:! m was laid to be Wants of the ^nter quotidt*ncooJ. more given him out of Goldfmiths Hall in courie j the reafon of this bounty was forked or two- fold. 1 Be- f i . Becaufe he hath got enough belore.* r a. To contort his heart , for being left out of the City Militia.' But the moft obfervcible thing was,to fee this old Parliament like a young Prodigal, take up money upon difficult terms, and mtan^ls all that they had for a fecurity. i . They gave way to the City to hedg in an old debt , being a loan of mony after therate of 50 Subfidyes, and other old debts. 2. Whereas 200000I. only was the fi.m to be borrowed, the City enjoyned them to take up 12300001. whereof i.v od ?ocoo[. to be beirowed fro relief of decayed occupiers oi "he Cuy;lb thac upon the matter the Parliament pays 30C00I. troak: gc 3 .That the City may not trull the greiteft unthr ts ofChriftenr dom,with laying out of their own mousy; they pitf upon them a Treasurers of the City, to receive and disburte it for the fervice for which it was borrowed ; fo you fee they have now neither credit, money , nor a purfe to put it in. R So that the modefi Membtrs , who have been more forward to J* help their Country than tbemfclves , are left in the lurch for .°f/ their lofTes , and expofed to the laughter of their elder brothers, ««**/' mem- the old / 'unto men, and fa&ious leaders of the Hcule, all being **T*\ now morgaged to the Lombards of the City. The thriving Mem- bers hope their younger brothers will continue as modeft, as they have been , and digeft all with patience ; but others , and thofe neither fools nor knaves,hope all the modefi and middle men of the Houfes, fuch as are ingaged in no faction, will be provoked here- by to draw into a third party or Imto , to moderate the excefles oftheother 2, when any thing prejudicial to the Commonwealth is agitated; and to call the old Imnto menjthofe land Pyrats to ac- count; making them calr up what they have fwallowed, and bring it to a common divident , or rather to pay the Army and Publick debts , whereby the people may be eafed of their preflures ; nor let them be difcouraged with the (uppofed difficulty hereor , finceio.orgo men holding together, arid obferving the crols debates ,and different fway of each party, may eafily makethem- feives moderators of their differences , and turn the kales for the btft '.^vantage of the common , which way they pleafe to cad in their Votes , fince it is v.ury rare to have any queftion carried by 1 9 more than eight or ten voices. Grandees r'oft of th.'fe Gi wdees are reported to have , for their retreat, frovific* to 'houfes in the Low-Countries, richly furnilhed with SequeftredA^ then;- C PIatef/*/v<\r. Plate, Linnen , and Sniff, and great florc of money in bank for their inciter, againft fuch ftormes as their Rapine, Tyranny ,and Ignorance may happily raife here amongft us. In thofe their re- tirements, thefe Authors of our mifejries will injoy their fins,and our fpoy Is in fecurity , attending an opportunity to purchafe their peace at la ft, and betray our Safeties and Liberties to the inragtd Prince and People. This is called robbing of the Egyptians; and doubtlefs thefe arribitiousState-Mountebanks have brought us in- to darknels worfe than Egyptian. The text faith , the Egyptians rofe not from their places in three days ; they yet knew where they were, which is more than we do, every being out orhis place and rank •, the Servant in place of his Mailer, the Begger in place of the King, the Fool in place of the CounlVllour , the Theef in place oftl.eludge, the cheater in place of the Treafbrer, the Clown in place of the'Gentleman, none but God alone can play 0dd :/ui part , and give us a Clue to lead us out of this labyrinth, into which thefe unpolidck Hvcai Ptcajftu have brought us.Tfcefe umkilfull workmen that have built up B.,be! , and pulled down Sien4 Others are faid to rreparc Forem Plantations for Re- treat jto People which, Children are rariihed from their parents Arms , and (hipped away ; an abomination not known in E»g- ' I And before, and therefore no competent Law made againft it;no 20 irore than in antient R me againft Paricides. C7r ttdets By what hath been already faid , you fee what the ftvera/, and their ftvtrf I \y\\&t the corjoyncd inter efls of thefe two luntots or Facto* ^Pref- intere&s ar.dbjtcriantti lr.d(fe*der.t are 5 let us now consider where their dtfigxs and fcveral ftrength lies. The Independent grounded] his ftrength upon fr**gtf:t* the A mj> which if he can keep up, fce hopes to give the Law to all ; and to produce thit great Chymaera , Liberty *f Confcitncet. not confidering that the confufion and licentioufhefs of fuch a li- berty will deftroy it felf, Liberia* Libert at e perit. The Presbyte* riaKs have three Pillars to Fupport them. 1. The Ciij is their -chief foundation , with which they keep a Ariel correfpondency, and dayly communication of Counfels. Upon this confideration, they have -lately put the Parliaments Purfe into the Cities Pocket as aforcfaid ; fetled snd intarged the City Militia. Whereas aH the Countries of England ( being more obnoxious to injuries than the City ) furTer much for want of ft tling their Militia ; the Parliament not trufting them with arms, fo much as for their dwii defences An evident fign , there is a farther defign than dif- Cm) disbanding tliis Army. And becaufcthe Cky Militia can on'? keep in awe the adjacent South and Laft Counties of the King- dom ; therefore to fupprefs the remoter parts , and inferce them to obedience, they keep up fofnc i j-hrdGamfins, and have the Scots ™dG-Poj»tz,fupcrnumerarji forcer for r», tfgrtb. And in tbeWift( under colour offending .men for Ireland) they keep upon free quarter and pay of the Country , ni*$] fiipe***>*erjry Keoim-n s and Troops,moft Cavaliers ,at lead five times as many as they really intend to craniporc. Thefe ate always going, but never gone, l.fce St. George \ always in his (addle, never on his way- 'Something ever is and (hall be wanting until Sir Thorns Fairfax's Army be disbanded ; and then ( k t$ thought ) the dif- guife will fall off; and thefe iuperrwmcraries (hall appear a new modelled Army, under Presbyterian Commanders yon maybe fure,and fuch whole Confciences (hall not befool cheir wits where any'matter of gain appeareth ; if this be not their aym , why did they no: disband thole Tewd fupernumerarie> before laft Win- ter , fincethey migju have raifed as many men the fpring follow- ing for half the charge their very free quarters coft? and mod of thde fwear they will not £0 for Irela*a% vowing they will cut the throats of the Round- heads. The Country is amazed, fearing thefe Cavaleers are kept on free-quarter by a Cavaleeriflt par.y for fome Cavalecriih dtfign. Secondly, why did they not rather divide Sir Thomas Fdirfax Army in two parts v oneto go for he Unb , the other to flay in England^ being already modelled, excellently difciplined, and ha- ving the viiible marks of Gods favour upon their actions \ But to take a few for Ireland , a few for Ett&Und , and leave a Coar in the middle to be plucked forth and disbanded, was the wayfto. difcorrtent them , and put them into mutiny , and thereby necef- fitate the Parliament to disband them all , \ nd give an opportuni- ty to them that fee* it , to new model another Aimy out of ths aforefaid Supernumeraries, more pliable to the defires of the Presbyterian hm'o: ad hereunto the eaufelcfle exafperaiing fpee- dies aodafperfions cad upon mo ft of the Army purpofely, as mo- derate men think, to difcontent them. Thirdly, If they have no in- tent to keep up an Army againft the People, why have they concu nued the Military charge for another year ; and inlarged it from 52000 I. to 60000 1. a moneth? Thus the City, ln*Und G*nif*nsfiw& Supernumerary forces ten 21 mo* Freivjttrs; Cm) modelled are like to prove the three- ftringe if he find it difficult to pais. Thus all publick bufineiTes are meafured by private refpc&s ; whereby it appears, that as frequent Ptt'l. arc good P&jfick* foccntinual Pari, are bad food; and the peo- ple may complain, that qui medtcc vivtt, mifire vivit. Parliaments are Bona peritttra • they cannot keep long without corruption. Their perpetuity emboldens the Members, by taking from thera all fear of being called to account , efpecially if they get their Sons into the Houfe as well as themfelves ( as many have done this Par- liament , and more endcavouF to do ) whereby they have an eilate in their places for two or tbree live4. Moreover by long fitting they become fo familiar with one anothers perfons and defigns y as to fcrvc one anothers turns, to joyn interefts, and to draw into facti- ons, Hodie mihi, era* tibi. If you and your party will help me to Ja day , I and my friends will hdp you to morrow* Conclusion Mtferima Rrfp : tibi majeflas Iwteni, & fain$ foynli difcordibm -with feme ***fl Bantur ftudiu.SNhai fhall we fay ? \pldtntb En 1H0 difcerdia tciror' — verduxit miferos ? r n ~ Shall (17) Shall we complain to God ? God hath a controverfie with as. Ofwhom (hall we complain? Of our felves? we muft firft reform our felves •. We that take upon us to reform Church and Common-wealth, Shall we complain of our finnes > Ask the grace of repentance firft, and fo uk that we may obtain. Shall we complain of our puniftiments ? Let us firft repent, and amend eur fins that caufcd them. Let us firft pluck offthe mask of hypo- crifie, God will fee thorough fuch a fantaftieal garment of Fig- leaves. Let us no longer make Religion a ftalking-horfe ; God, who is all Wifiom and allTruch, will not be deceived. Ifwc talK likeChriftims^ and walk likeTurkes, Chrift will not own us. To fa ft for a day, and hang our heads like buirufties, will not reconcile us. We mud: fa ft from publique fpoyls, rapines, and op- preftion, and not drink the tears of the poor and needy. Shall we complain with the; Prophet, That our Princes are become Theeves? that was heretofore our complaint, now we nruft in- vert it, and cry, That our Theeves ( meaa and bafe people) are becomePrinces. Wearefick, very lick, intempcrately nek , and God hath given usaPhyfician in his wrath, a Leper as white as Snow, fitter to infect, thancureus. What Phyfick doth hepre* fcribe ? Poyfon. Whatdyct? Stones inftead of bread, Scorpions inftead of fifties, hard fire for them chat formerly fed {a daintily* Before I conclude, Ut me give you the pedigree of our Miferies, and of their Remedies. A long Peace begat Plenty. Plenty begat Pr/de, and her Sifter Rior, Pride begat Ambition, Ambition be- gat Faction; Faction begat Civil Warre: And ( if our evils be not incurable, if we be not falln in id temports qao %ec vitia ncftra , nee toru.m remedizfsrre poffttvu*) our Warre will beget Poverty, Po- verty Humility, Hnmility Peace again, Sic rerHnrevertentibiu vc\bm anntiltts vert it ar Politic, is. The declining fpoak of the wheel will rife again. But we are not yet iufficiently humbled, we have not repented with Ninivj* We wear Silks and Velvets, inftead of Sack death and Aflies ( even the meaneft up-ftart had) his tliefts writ upon his back by his Taylor in proud Cha- racters of Gold Lace) we have not watered our Couch with our Tears; but with an adulterous fweat. Look to it therefore ye State Incubi, that by an inceftuous copulation have begot Plenty upon War, and filled your houfes with the fpoyl and plunder of your dear Country ; an inundation ofblood, and of the tears of the oppreflcd, will wafh away the foundation of your houfes: An4 (i8) And peace will be far from you in this World, but efpecially that peace which the world cannot give -.And becaufe Salamander' like you delight in the fire of Contention , an unquenchable fire will be your lot hereafter. And though you efcape all accounts here, yet upon the great day of account when you (hall receive your fentcnce of condemnation ,thofe your Children for wbofe prefer- ment you fel your Souls,your God for gold, (hall not fliew fo much thankfulnefs or pity towards you, as to fay, a las our Father 1 But your hearts are hardned with Pharach, 1 leave you therefore to Pharaohs deftiny, to be drowned in your own Red lea , as he was in his. Thus far I adventured to vindicate our Religion, Laws, and r 2*. Liberties with my pen ; in difcharge of my Confcience , and pur- Rejolntton fuancc of our National Covenant , which obligeth us to defend k V l t^iem a8a*nft whofoever to our power.-, neither knowing nor ca- the Author* rjng whether in fo wicked an age ( wherein vice is honoured , and vertue contemned ) I may be thought worthy of punifhment for being more righteous than my fuperiors. I know an honed man is wondred at like a monfter , and the innocency of his life and con- venation lufpeded as a Libel againft the State, yet if I perifh I perifh ; & yercundum in Ucitis : nor am I lefs provided of a fafe re- treat than our Grar.dees , my grave is open for me , and one foot in it already. Covtcmvfit omnes illequi mortem pritu. He that contemns Death, jfcorns both Hope and Fear j which are the only affeftions that make Knaves,Pools and Cowards ot all the World. The World is a goodly Theater , we are the a&ors , God is Poet and chief fpeclar or ; we muftnotchoofe our own parrs, that is at Gods appointment ; one man he appoints to play the King ,: ano- ther the Begger ; one a Comick , another a Tragick part ; what- soever part God hath appoint for me in this remainder of my life . I will have a care to perfonate it ingenuoufly and aptly, not doubting but my Exit (hall be accompanied with an applaufe into my Tyring-room , my Tombe; nor will I refufe the meaneft part thar may draw a plaudit from fo excellent a fpeftator,but will pre- pare my felf for the word of evills in this worll of times, and pray to God to Reform our Reformers, Amem THE END, THE HISTORY OF INDEPENDENCY, WITH. The Rife , Growth, and Practices of that powerful!- and reftlefs FACTION. D.AMBROSIUS. Nee mbh ignominicj 'urn eft pad quod pajlus eft cbriftus , nee xobis gleriofum eft f'acere quod fecit Judas. TACIT. Scelera^fceleribus, tuenda. VIRGILIUS. » < fua cuique Deusftt dira libido. i St. JOHN c. a.v.itf. Quicquid eft in mundo e[l cor.cupiftcentia ocular um , concupifcentia earniu autftuperbia iit I write to all y knowing that all bale now got almoft an equal fhare andintereflintbisGaUymaufry or Hotchpot which our Grandee Tfeudo-politicians with their negative and demolifbing Councils have made , both of Church and Commonwealth : and therefore I write in a mixed Stile , in which ( I dare fay ) there arefome things fit to hold the judgments of the Graved; fome things fit to catch the fancies of the Ligh- ted; and fome things of a middle nature y applying my felj to all capacities > ( as far as iruth will permit ) becaufe I fore-fee the Cataftrophe of this Tragedy is more likely to be consummated by multitude of hands 3 than wifdom of heads. / have been a curteus obferver3 and diligent inqui- rer, after , not only the A&ions , but the Counlcls of thefe times y and ihereprefent the refult of my indeavours to thee : Inatimeofmif-apprehenfions it is good to avoid mfla- kings y and therefore I advife thee not to apply what I fay to the Parliament , or Army in general , ifanyphrafe that hath dropped from my pen in haft (for this is a work of baft ) feem to look afjuint upon them : No, it is the Grandees, the Junto-men , the Hocas-Pocaffes 5 the State-Mounte- banks , with their Zanycs and Jack-puddings > Com- mittee-men , Sequeftrators , Treafurcrs, dWAgita- D 2 torr, ThcEpiftle. t#rs , under them, that are here hiflorified : were the Parlia^. ment ( the ma jcr part whereof is in bend age to the minor part andtheir Ianifaries ) and the Army freed from thefe usur- ping and engaged Grandees , who betrayed the Honour and Privileges of Parliament and the Army to their own lufs , both would {land right , and be ferviceable to thefetling of a firm, lafting Peace under the King, upon cur firft Principles, Religion , Laws, and Liberties , which are now fo far laid by, that nhofoever will not joyn with the Grandees in fubver- ting them , is termed a Malignant , as Ixretofcre le that would not adhere to the Parliament infupporting them was accounted -y fo that the definition of a Malignant is turned the wren fide outward. The body of the Parliament and Army ( inthemidfl of thefe diftempers) is yet heahhy, found \fervice- - able • my endeavour is therefore to play the part of a friendly Phyfitian , andpreferve the body by purging peccant humoms^ v/ere the Army under Commanders and Officers of better Prin- ciples , who had not defied their fingers with publick monies, their consciences by complying with , and cheating all inte- refts , ( King, Parliament, People , City,iiW Scots ) for their own private ends 3 / fhould think that they carried the Sword of the Lord^ and of Gideon ; but clean contrary to the Image pre fented to NebuchadHezzar in a dream , the head and upper parts of this Aggregate body are part -of Clay , part of Iron, the lower parts of better metal : I cannot reform , / can but admonifh; God muff, be loth the iEfculapius and Prome- theus 3 and amend ally and though we receive never fo many denials, never fo many repulfes from him >■, let us take heed how we Vote (even in the private corners of cur hearts ) no Addreffes, no Applications to Him. Let us. take heed of -multiplying fins againfl God , left he permit our Schifmatical Grandees to multiply Armies and Forces upon us, to war againfl Heaven as wellaj againfl our Religion D Laws, Liber- ties TheEpiftle; ties , and Properties upon earth , and keep us and our effates under the perpetutliondage of the Sword^ which hath been fede- ral wa)S atcempted in the Houses thefe 2 laji weels^ both \or the raifing and keeping of a new Army ofc 30000.Gr 40000. men in the {'even Northern Affociate Counties, upon eftablifhed pay ( bcfides this Army in the South ) and aljb for the railing of men in each County of England,**/^ all to be engrojjed into the hands of his Excellency , and fuch Commanders and Officers as he jh all fee over them • and this work may chance be carried on by the Grandees of Derby- houfe and the Army-, if not prevented; for the General ( not- withstanding thisjpower was denyed him in the Houfe of Com- rno^s) hath ft nt warrants into moft Counties to raife Horfe and Foot; yea j to that bafenefje of Slavery hath our General &nd Army , with their under-Tyrants the Grandees , brought m , that although themf elves did heretofore feb the rafcallity of'the Kingdom on work in great multitudes (efpecially the Schifma- tical party Jto clamour upon the Parliament with (candalous Petitions , and make peremptory demands to the Houfes , de- flruttive to the Religion, Laws, Liberties, and Properties of the Land, and the very foundation of Parliaments ^ to which they extorted what Anfwers they pleaded ; and got A general Vote f£\\2ii it was the undoubted right of the Sub- ject t© Petition , and afterwards to acquiefce in the wifdom and juftice of the two Houfes : Yet when upon 1 6 &f~May 1 648. the whole County of 'Surry (ine ffeel) came info civill a poflure to deliver a Petition to the Houfe , that they vpere Armed for the mofpart but with flicks*, in which Petition there is nothing contained which the Parliament is not bound to make good by their many Declarations and Re- monstrances ta the people*, or by the Oaths of Allegiaace, Supremacy, or National Covenantor by the known Laws of the Land, ret were they , 1. Abufed by the Souldiers of D 3 White. TheEpiftle, ' White-hall as they pa(j ed ly> where fome of them were fulled in and beaten. % . when thofe Gent lemon of quality that carried ■ the Petition came to Weftminfter-hall 3 they found a Guard of Souldiers at the door y uncivilly oppojing their entrance to make their addrefjes to the Houfe. 3 . when ihey prejjed into the Hally and got up to the Commons door, they were there reviled by the Guard. 4. The Multitude which food in the new Pa- lace 3 ( becaufe fome of them did but whoop as others didy who were pupofelyfet on work ( as is conceived ) to mix with them & diforder them ) were fuddenly furrcunded with a ftrong par- It is rcpor- ty of'Horfefrom the Mews„5 and fome more Companies of Foot ted by fomtfrom White-hall , who by the appointment of the Committee ^!//1h o/5f/?/jw^/V/('5x^Derby-Houre were ready prepared for this Col Pfirefof dtfi&KiMd catched them {as it were) inaTojle^ and with & the Spea- b*W&MH and fchifmatical rage fell uponthefe naked 3 unarmed ker (doubt- Petitioner s$ew and wounded many without diftinBion, telling ing theHou. them. They were appointed to give an Anfwer to their would give Petition, and they lhould have no other ; (as indeed they too good an faj mj though the Lieut. Colonel that did all the mifchief was *h ' %l°' ' ca^ec* *nt0 ^e Houfc of Commons^and had publick thanks given oa^fent'for ^im at ^)e Bar>t0°k manJ °f ^)em ^rifoners^and Plundred their thele Horfe P^keis^ Cloaks^ Hats^ Smrd$y HorfeSy and fome of them (even and Foot. Gentlemen of as good quality as their General ) were ft ripped of their Doublets. Thofe Gentlemen of quality who were in the Lob- by before the Commons door^ civily expetting an Anfwer^ were abufed , and violently driven out by the Guard , to take their fortune among the Rabble ; what Tyrants ever in the World refufed to hear the Petitions and grievances of their people before I The mofl Tyrannical government of the world is that of Ruflia, and Jo. Vafilowich was thegreateft Tyrant of that Nation ) yet (hall this Tyrant rife up in judgement at the latter dayagamftthefe Mongers. Behold what entertainment your Petitioners fhall have bereafter, if publick Peace be the end of their The Epiftle. their defireS : yet many Petitions ready drawn arefent up and down in moft Counties by Committee-men , and Sequeftratovs , to enforce men to give thanks for the four Votes againft the King:, and many Petitions from Schifmaticks , deflrutlive to Religion 3 Laws , Liberties and Property 5 have been obtru- ded upon the Hokfesyand received encouragement and thanks , btcaufe they tend to iubvert the Yundamental Government oi Church and Common-wealth, and cafl all into the Cli^osofconfufion, whereby the Grandees may haveoo .cafion to keep up this Army , and perpetuate their Tyran- ny and our burdens. And from thefe Tumults if their own rai- jingy the grandees pretend a necessity to keep this Army about this Town , to watch advantages againft it. Cromwel ha- ving often [aid, This Town muft be brought to more ab- solute obedience, or laid in the duU^in order to which^thc Souldiers are.now difarming the Country P and then the City is next, who being once disarmed , mujt proftitute their mony-baggs to thefe fellows ^ or ^Plundered. Reader, having fpoken my fenfe to thee ^ I leave thee to thy own fe fife \ Submitting my f elf to M much Charity as God hath endowed thee withalL God that made all , preferve and amend all, This fhallbe the daly prayer of him that had rather die forhu Country , than fhare with thefe Godly Thieves, in eating out the bowt Is of his Country and enriching himf elf with publickfpoyts. The T^ H^or? 0/ INDEPENDENCY. Ou have in 7 he my fiery of the twofuntoesjref- 7 ^ prem- hyterian and Independent , prefented to your a / view thefe two fa&ions , (as it were in a Cock- pit pecking at one another) which rifing origi- nally from the two Houfes and Synod , have lb much difturbed and diflocated, in every joynt, both Church and Coramon-wealth.I muft now fet before you Independency Triumphant , roufing its felf upon its Legs,clapp^ng its Wings.and Crowing in the midft of the Pit,with its enemy under its feet, though not yet well refoived what uie it can or may make of its Victory. But before I go any farther, it is fit I tell you what Independent r Cj js, Whatlnde« It is Genu gemralifrmum of all Errours,Herefies,Blafphemies, t>en^Cncy 1J* andSchifms; A general Name and Title under which they are all united , as Sampfo£s Foxes were by the Tailr. And though they have feveral opinions and fancies ( which make their verti- yrinopu heads turn different waies ) yet profit and preferment (be- ing their Tails) their la ft and ultimate end by which they are go- verned ( like a (hip by his Rudder ) and wherein they mutually correfpond • the reft of their differences being but circumftanti f areeafily playfter'd over with the untempered Morter of Hypocri- cy by their Rabbles of the Affembly , and their Grandees of the two Houfes and Army , in whom they have an implicit e faith. As Mahomet's Alchoran was the Gallemaufry of lew and Chri- Indep^ndcacv ftian ; fo are they a Compofition of lew , Chriftian , and Tut* j i« compounded with the lew they arrogate to be the peculiar people of God ,ot Ju that by venue hereof they may and do by fraud , or force , Tax, eat up with Free-quarter, coufen and plunder the whole Kingdom, and account it but robbing the Egyptians : To this purpofe they overthrow all the Judicatures, Laws , and Li- berties of the Land, and fet up Arbitrary Committees, Martial- Law , aud tf^i'^r-f ^Ordinances in their room , m*de and **• made by their own over-powring faction in Parliament at plea- fure, with the help and ten our of their lani/arks , attending at their doors* . .f With the Chriftian,fomeofthem( but not all) acknowledge Oinfiiani m ^e Scriprures, but fo far only as they will ferve their turns , to Pbarife themfelves , and Publican all the World befides ; men filled with fpiricual pride , meer Enthufiaftiques, of a fpeculative and high- flying Religion, too high for Earth, and too low for Heaven; whereas a true and fruitful 1 Religion like Iac*b*s Lad- der %Statpede interris^ caynt inter nubila condit , muft have one end upon earth , as well as the other in Heaven. He that acknow- ledged die duties of the fir ft table to God , and neglefteth the dufces ofthefecond table to Man, is an Hypocrite both againft God and Man. T .. With the Turk, they fubjefrall thing$,even Religion5Laws,and Liberties (fo much cried up by them heretofore) to the power of the Sword, everiinceby undermining pra&ices and lies they have jugled the States S\\>ord\mo the Independanr Scabbard, The Earl of E flex , General of all the Parliaments Forces ( a T, * - man though popular and honeft, yet llubbornly ftout , fitter for a idS.^tlidm Ac^on tnan Counfei,and apter to get a victory than improve it ) waller under- rnuft be laid by, and his Forces reduced. T he like for Sir William mined to let in Waller and his Forces ; that Commanders of Independent Princi- ihe Indepen- pies and interefts, with Souldiers fuitable to them , might by de- d"nt£* gres be brought into their room to reap the harveft of thofe crops which they had fowen. This was the ground- work of the Independent defign,to mono- polize the power of the Sword into their own hands. This could not be better effefted than by dafhing the Earl of Ejfcx 1'hc HiTrcry oflnde^tn Jency. 1 9, Ejfc-x and Sir WWiim Waller one againft another : for which pur- nofe the hoc- headed Schifmatique Sir A. Huflerigge was irnploy- ed with Sir }Vi;m filler and fome others ( whole Afi.es 1 will fpare) with thcfc.o? Ejfcx to break them one upon another. This was at laft effected by taking advantage of their leveral misfor- tunes ; the one at LiJl'tbyteUin Cornw.ilL the other at the Devifes in Wihfh re where Haflerigge (a man too ignorant to command, and too jnfolent to ohey)noc (laying for the Foot, who lay round about the JZcvifes in a itorming poiiure , charged up a deep hill VJ\ih his Horfe only , againft the Lord VAimou Parcy , one Divi- fion fo far from another , that the fecond Diviiion could not re- lieve the firft, thereby freeing Sir R -Iph Hopton from an allured overchrow , and beftowing an unexpected Vidory on the L. iv.l- mo' : he received a wound in his flight , the fmart whereof is flili fo powerfully imprinted in his memory , that he abhors fighting everfince; witnefs his praying anr1 crying out of Gun- (ho at the Battle at Cheriton^ when he (hould have fought; and his com- plaint openly made in the Houfc of Commons or the Earl of 'Stan* /WforBaftonadoinghim. Which raihnefsof his (ifitdefervc not a worfc name ) was fo far from being difcountenanced , that he received not long after a girtof 6 5 col. from the Houfe , and is lately made Governour of Newcajtle, and ;ocol. given him to repair the works there. I (hall not need the Spirit of Prophecie to forefee, that the tenth part of the faid 3 cool, will not be be- llowed upon thole Works. Thus was he favoured by his party in the Houfe, who were thought to look upon this adion as an ac- ceptable fervice. In farther progreis of this defign , Manchester ( a Lord , and The E^j ^ therefore not to be confided in ) was undermined and accufed by w ?lch.fier his Lieut. General Oomwel of high Crimes, whom he again re- undermined, criminated with a Charge of as high a nature ; and when all men were high in expectation of the event,it grew to be a drawn battel between them-, whereby , all men concluded them both guilty : Mancioefter was dixarded. Out or the afhes of thefe three arofe that Phoenix ( forfoorh ) a new moddell'd Army, under the Command of Sir Thomas Fair* fax , a Gentleman of an irrational and brutifh valour , fitter to follow another mans counfel than his own , and obnoxious to E 2 CromWfil yo The Hifi'ory of Independency. Crimwcl and the Independent f aft ion ( upon whofc bottome he ftands) for his preferment , it being no dishonour to him to be- come the property to a powerfull Fadion. 4 It pleafed God to bellow many Vidories upon this Army over The^ Vido: ics tnc icings Forces , then ftrong in bulk, but weakned by Fadions, cl the new t- j otjier t the validity of it,and to infill upon many other gainft th« Par- high demands, fome private , as Souldiers ; fome pul lique , as Iiament,where. States.raen. Crom*c[ Cromwel having thus by mutinying the Army againft the Par- ihiAr liament made them his own, and monopolized them, ( as he did formerly his Brew-houfe at Eiy)whkh he might eafily do,having beforehand filled moft of the chief Offices in the Army with his own kinred, aliyes, and friends ( ot whole numerous family , Lieut. Col. Lilbnm gives you a lift in one of his Books ) he now , flies to the Army,dcubting(his practices difcovered ) he might be imprifoned : where he &ni Ireton affuming Offices to themielvcs, a&ed without Commillion ; having not only been oufted by the 'F denying Ordinance, (if it be of any power againft the godly) feu Ho their feverall Commiflions being then expired ; and bu£ a was Fair fix having no authority to make General Offi- sh: TK appears by his Commiftion ( if he m3ke any account of cers, as ^ -efore Sprig, alias Nathaniel Fine /, in his Legend or it) and-tbCiL ^s Army, called Anglia Rediviva , fets down two Romance oft, msir Thomas Fairfax to the Speaker William Letters fent fro*. ^rc Cromwfl's continuance in the Army , ano- X.fwfM^oneiodc -, jongforbearing him from the Houfe : fee ther of thanks toru ^ whjch neec[e(j not had he bec an Qfficer jing.Red. p. lo/ii,^, of the Army. rf« _m >vare-faced, and openly, joyn with the And now both ™ c^ -r0us Engagements , Declarations, Army at .ZV^f^r^r^n t.^t aod|e* itions .d by Cr§mm Remonftrances,andMan^ ^ ^.^ ii 'ommls'h* iii the 12 \romwd au Hon ufurp Offices in th finny." The HidOry of Independency. 3 3 fuppofedObftru&ors of juflice , and invaders of the people? Li- bertiesin Parliament; and the Array at Newmarket and Triplo- Hcath prompted to cry,;«/?'V*% jw/rVc^againft them;and high and treasonable demands, deftruclive to the iundamental Privileges of Parliament were publickly infifted upon ; many of which for quietnefs fake , and out of Companion to bleeding Av/W.were granted ,• yet thcfe reftleis fpirits ( hurried on to farther dcfigns) made one impudent demand beget another , and when by Letters and otherwife they had promifed , That ifthetr then prefect dc. minds were granted, they Vcould there flop and acqutfce ; yet when they feemed to have done, they had not done, but deluded and e- vaded all hopes of Peace by mi!-apprehenfion , and mif-conftru- dion of the Parliaments conceflions- making the mif-interpretati- onsofone grant, the generation of another demand, fo that al- mod ever fince the Parliament hath nothing elle to do but en- counter this Hydra ^rA roll thisftone. having thus debauched the Army,he plotted in his own Cham- * l* Q ber the fecuMngtbeGarifons , Magazine, and Train of Artillery /d^nlpliuh at Oxford , and furprizing the Kings perfon at Holdenhj ; which dering the by hi? inftrument Coronet Ioyce , with a commanded party (tf Ki »g Jf'rotn Llorfe heefffded ; and when Joyce ( giving Crom^eUn account He^»h* of that adion ) told him, Hehadno^ the King in his power ; well ( replied ( romwtl ) I have then the Parltament in my Pocket. O infolent Slave I O Slavifh Engllfh I thus to furfn: your King and Parliament , together with your Wives and Children , Religi- on , Laws . Liberties and Properties , to be Captivated by fo contemptible a Varlet* if our Noble Ancellors ( who vindicated their Liberties, and got M igna Chart ■■% by the Sword) fliall look down from Heaven . and fee their Pofterity fo cowardly refignthem to a handful 1 of bloody / cheating Schifmaticks,they will not own us , but take us for Ruffixn Slaves, Trench Peafanrs*, and cry out , trmt we are a Baftard brood , Serm natura , born for bondage; yet afterwards ( having recourfe to his ufual/W- liarity with Almighty God ) Crrmwel ufed his name to protefl his ignorance and innocence in tint bufinefs, both to the King and parliament , adding an rxecration upon his Wife and Chil- dren to his proteftation ; yet Ioyce isfo free from punifhraent, that he is fince preferred , and his Arrears paid by their mcansj 34 The Hi'dOrj of Independency. means; and though both Houfes required the Array to fend his Royall Perfon to Richmond , to be there left in the hands o£ the Parliaments Coramifiioners, whereby both Kingdoms might freely make addrefTes to him, (for they had formerly excluded and abufed the Scots Commifiloners, contrary to the law of Na- tions, and Votes of both Houfes , and yet then granted free ac- cefs to the moll: defperate perfons of the Kings Party ) yec they could obtain no better anfwer from thefe Rebellion Saints 9 than Mamferto of That they de fired no place might be prop efed far His Ma]e[ttes refi- tneAniiy June ^ence nearer London, than where they would allow the Q^irters of the Army to be* This was according to their old threats of mar- ching up to London, frequently ufed when any thing went contra- ry to their defires •, they knew what dangerous andrroubleforae gueft? we (houid find them here. How much is this Army degenerated fince Cromwel and his demure white-livered Son-in-law Ireton poyfoned their manners with new principles t AnglU Rediviva, p. 247. tels us, that about IVoodftcck^nw.z overtures were made by fome from Court for receiving hi> Majefty , who was minded to call: himfelf upon the Army; but fach Wis their raithfuJnefs in that point, that con« ceiving it derogatory to the honour and power of Parliament , ( for his Majefty to wave that bigheft Court, and addrefs him- tclf to any others ) and chert-fore inconfiftent with their truft and duty, being Servants of the State, they certified the Parliament thereof, and underftanding it to be againft their fenfe alfo , they abfolutely refufed to be tampered with. Oh, how faithfull then! how perfidious and Cromrve&ized are they now ! let their fre« quent tampering with the Ki*£ ai:d His party, to the amazement of the Kingdom, and the ab fifing tfthe Kt -g teftifie. Read Putney Trowels written by a confiderable Officer of the Army , and a friend to Cromwel^ though not to his falfe practices. Th " l4 < ' & Haying thus gotten the King ( the$ ft and mod vifible legal to kccp?ihe e authority of England) into their poffefiion , their next defign is Parliament in to get the Par bament (the J econd legal authority of England) into Wardihif. their pc;wcr. }i This could not be effected but by purging the two Houfes of Purging the^ preJbjttrian Members (especially the mod: active, and fuch as had ouesagti Ja.t>ourecl cheir disbanding ^ that an Independent Parliament and Array The Hiftory of Independency. 3 j Array might govern the Kingdom : In order to whic b defign they j 6 fent to the Houfe of Commons in the name of Sir 1 homo* farfax Accufi. g thi and the Army , a general and confufed Charge of High Treafon 1 1 Members, and other mil- demeanours a gainft^/ryftf Members , for things done \ for the mod part in the Houfe ; and many of the principal, fuch as the Houfe had long before examined and acquitted thtm of, and fuch as the whole Kingdom knows Crcmve! and / e- ton to be apparently guilty of 5 as , 1 racking with the King, One chief Article infilled upon in the Charge was, That by their poWer in the Y o,Jfe 7 thty caufed the Ordinance for Disband, ng this Army topajfe. Here you fee where the fhooe wrings them ; This Charge was not lubferibed by any informer that ingaged to make it good or elfcto furfer punifhment , and make the Houfe and the parties accufed, reparation: as b^ the Scat. 25. Ed.$.c. 4. 17. Ed. g.c. ib'. 38. Ed. %.c q 17./?. 2.C.6 1 5 H.tf. c* 4« but es- pecially by 31. H.<5ci. concerning J degrade (which comes nea- reft this cafe ) ought to be,- and they profeffed in the 2 3 .4. Article of their Charge, That they were dij } -obliged and difc our aged from any farther engagement in the Parliament fervice , or Ireland* /tv- Jervatton; And demanded the Houfe Should forthwith /stipend the im- peached Members from any longer fif ting and ailing. W hereupon , the Houfe after full debate in a* full and free Parliament, Refcl- ved , lane 25. 1 6qy . That by the Laws of the Land no judgment could be given for their fuffentton upon that general Charge , before particulars produced^ and proofs made ; Yet the Army ( which had now learned only to acquiefce in their own prudence and juftice ) 1 7 info'encly threacned to march up to Weflminfter againft the Parli- nu!^rsC> 3 ament , in cafe the faid 11 Members were not fufpended; and cour- i^den. ted the City of L ondon to fit Newters, and letthem worke their \% will w.th the Parliament. London I I'd. The 11 impeached Members therefore modeftly withdrew toredt0J U 1 free the Houfe from fuchdanger, as they might incur by prote-a:S* ding them, as in luftice and Honour they were bound to do : After this, the Army fent in their particular Charge; and libel- loufly pubhihed it in print by their own Authority. To which the 1 1 Members fent in, and publifhed their Anfwer. Upon which there hath been no profecution , becaufe they pretend firft F to 3 6 The Hi if cry of Independency. to fettle the Kingdom, but if they iTay till thefe fellows have cf ther authority, will, or skill to fettle the Kingdom, they fhall not need to make ready for their tryal tiil Doooms-day; Hereyeu have a whole Array for Accu'.ers, and the chief Officers of the Army (being Members of the Houfe)not only accufers,but parties WitnefTes, and Judges, and carrying the Pvnles of Court,and Laws by which they judge, in their Scabards. And the Charge of Im- peachment, iuch ( as all men know ) mutatis mutandis are more Suitable to CromtoeUs and Iretons adions, than the accufed Par- ties. If the proceeding in the Kings name againfUhe 5 Mem- bers mentioned in Ttoe exaEt Collect on. -part* i./>. 38. were Voted A Traytertus deftgn again/} King and Parliament , and the arre- ting any of them upon the Kings Warrant , an AZI of^ubUcl* en- mity again [i the Common wealth: How much more Treefonabh were thefe proceedings; and the Armies March towards < or don to enforce them ; and their arreting Anthorj Nichols, having the Speakers Paffe, and leave of the Houfe ; Colonel Stench , being upon ferviceot the Parliament going for Ireland ; and Sir Samuel Lt*kf> refting quiet in his own Houfe > 19 Whilft theie things were afting, Cromwel finding he could not The firtt occs- have his wilJ upon the Parliament y but that he muft make the fion ot quarrel City of London ( who had denied the neutrality ) his Enemies, a^ unfl the caft. aDOut how to cheat the Country people of their affections • lc/,20 (for to have both City and Country his Enemies in the poflure Courungind his Army was then in , was uamicrous ) he therefore by many cheating the Printed Books a/id Papers > fpread all England over by his A ^^ °rRe!iClon?Pre,ervers °f ?J1 Ju^ interefis: pretended to fettle JU *i the King in his juil Rights and frerogatives ; to upholp the Pri- Pctiti nsto vileges of Parliament, cftablifh P^eiigion, to reform , and bring the A mv,?nd to account all Committees, Stqueftators,* nd all others that had icrthe Amy. defiled their fingers with publique money, or goods; To free the people from that all devouring jBxcife and other Taxes; to re- dreis The f-lijlorj of Independency. g 7 drcfTe undue elections of Members; To relieve Ireland \ Thing* im; oflible to be performed by an Army , and now totally for- gotten; fo thai they have only accepted of their own private demands as Scuidiers; That the Parliament fhould own them for thur jfrmj ; Efttiblifh pay for them ; put the whole MiU'ia orchis Kingdom, and /r*/a»^both by Sea and Land , into their Hands, and Vote againft all oppofue Forces. But they are now become the only Protectors of all corrupt Committee-men, S.'queftrators, Accomptants to the State, and all other facinorus pcrlons , whocomply with them to keep up this Army, fortheir own fecurity againtt publuk ;uftice; Having thus councd and cheated all the puWick and juft In- terefts of the Kingdom, they deceived the people fo far as to make them Ijfacber*>\ik? , patiently to bear the burden of free quar- ur , and to rm ke addreffes to the Army for themfelves ; by Peti- tions , to which they gave plaufible anfwers, That tbuy and xhi§ was the ferfe of the Army : As if the ienfe of the Army bad been the fupreme Law of the Land, and to make addrefTes to the Parlia- ment tor the Army not to be disbanded, ( for which purpole their Agitators carried Petitions ready penned to re iiibfcribed in moft Counties) The People being thus lulled afleep, they now caft about how 21 to make benefit of a joynt quarrel bcth againft the Parliament Aquairel s- and City, ( fince they could not feparate them ) oratleaft agatnil gaii rtthc Ucy the Presbyterian party in both ; they had withdrawn their quar- "waKed* ters ( in a feeroing obedience to Parliaments commands ) 30 miles from London ( of which they often brag in their Papers ) and pre- fumed thefulperfionofthen Members, hadflruckfuch an aw- fulncfle into the Houfes , that moft of the Presbyterian Members would either abfent themfelves, ( as too many indeed did ) or turn Renegadoes from their own principles to them : but found them- felves Aotwithftandingoppoled , and their defires retarded ( be- yond their expectation ) by the remainder of that party. They rnuft therefore find out a quarrel to march againft the City , and 2j give the Houfes another Purge, ftrcnger than the former. The Army dr- The Army being principled , anJ put into a pofture finable to JJ?,"m ^ jUKe ^ an(j tjiejr j)eciarat\on or Re prefect at ion , 1 4 June , 1 647, fax dthe ? hat they would not go beyond their defircs at that time fX^rtffedy Army p. 3. 9- ar*d,for other particulars ivotild acqttiefsin the Iu^ice and, wifdom of the Tarliammt { behold their modefty 1 ) by a Lct+er and Remonftrancc from Sir 'Thomas Fairfax and the Army , with un- refifted boldnefe demanded the Mifttia of the City oi London to be returned into other hands , without acquainting the City or their Commiffioners ( then reiident in the Army rokeepa good cor- refpondency with them ) therewith; upon which Letter alone ^ the Houfe of Commons (being very chin, and many Members driven away by menaces .) upon Inly 22. Voted che repealing the faid Vote of 4- 4j/*/,anda new Ordinance for reviving the old MMti& > prefently puffed and tranfmitted to the Lords the fame day about fevenofthe clock at night, and there prefenHy parted without debate,though moved by feme to be put off unti'i the City (whole fa toy and privileges it highly concerned; were heard what they could fay to it. Obfcrve 77;." ffiffay of In iefendth c . 3.9 Obfervc that neither by the faid Paper from the Army • nor by any man in the two Houfes, any thing was obje&ed againft any of the new Militia. And indeed, formerly the Parliament never made choice of, enlargd, or changed the City Mititdy but they were flill pleafed flrft to communicate the fame to the Common-Council; a Re- fped juftly fhewed to thacCity which had been fuch good friends to them ; but of late, iincc the Parliament have fhiftcd their old Principles and Interefb, they have learned to lay by their old Friends. The pretence of this hafty pafting the Ordinance y was to prevent the Armies fo much threatned march to London , if the Houfes refufed to pafs it ; and the Cities oppofition, if not pafled before their notice of it. Bur the real defign was to ftrike a dif- content and jealoufie into the City, therby to force them to fome a& o fie If- defence, which might give a colour to the Army to march up agaioft them, and their friends in the Houfes. The unexpected news of this changing their Militia, caufed 2* the City ( June 34. being Saturday ) to meet in Common Coun- Tta Citytron- cil, where, (for ibme reafons already expreffed ) and becaufe , ^ at l ,e , . 1 i- t_- ^ j- J i_ r j u u a change of their the repealing this Ordinance upon no other grounds than the Ar» u,Lra mies imperious defires,might juftjy be fufpe&ed,to (hake all other Ordinances, for fecurity of Money, fale of Biftiops Lands,by ma- l ' aj t0 q^z king them repealable at the Armies pleafure; they refolve to\aatiHarvy9' Petition the Houfe upon Monday morning following , being 26. whether ihis Jnift which they did by the Sheriffs, and fome Common Coun- did not fright cil men : But fo it hapned, that about one thdufand Apprentices "im ? wholly unarmed came down two or three hours after with an- Tj,e £.* pc_ other Petition, of their oiim, to the Houfes; I herein complaining, rici'oji ti-Hou- that to Ordr the Cities Militia was the Cities Birth* right belong- fes far iheir ing to them by Charters confirmed in Parliament Jor defence wherof M btia aga n. they had adventured their lives as fir as the Army, And it fired the 1 6 , MilitU might be put again into the fame hands in which it was pnT **c *u™u" ° with the Parliament and Cities confent by Ordinance, May 4. x4-Mu ' Upon reading thefe Petitions, the Lords were plcafed to revoke thtOrdinar.ee of lutj 22. and revive that of May 4. by anew Ordinance of Inly 26; which they prefently fent down to "he Commons for their confents,where ibme of the Apprentices(pre- fuming thty might have as good an influence upon the Houfe to V 3 obtain . ^o The ttiftcfj of Independency. ob catn their due , as the Army in pay of the Parliament had to ob* tain more tha:i their due) in a childifh heat were over clamorous to have the Ordinance patted, refufing to let fome Members pafs out of the Houfe, or con.e forth into the Lobby when they were to divide upon the queftion about it , ( fo iqrorant were they of the cuftomes of the Houfe ) which at lad patted in the affirmative 17 about three of the clock afternoon ; and then moft oftheAp- ,TheTumuit of prentices departed quietly into the City. After which ,fomedifor- App< entices derly perfons (very few of them Apprentices ) were drawn toge- ^^•k^^; ther and inftigated by divers Sectaries and friends of the Army xiuedabys°a"-wnorain^e^witInnem ( amongft whom one Highland was ob- ri(5< y ferved to be all that day very aftive ; who afterwards £26 Sept.2 delivered a Petition to the Houfe againft thofe Members that fate, and was an Informer and Witnefs examined about the faid Tu- mult ) gathered about the Commons door and grew very outra- giouskcompelling the Speaker to return to the Chair after he had adjourned the Houfe ; and there kept the Members in until they had pailed a Vote, 1 hat the KingjbouUcome to Loxdon to Treat. This was cunningly and premeditately contrived, to encreafc the fcand.d upon the C ity ; yet when the Common- Council of L^m don heard of thisdiforder as they were then fi thg ; they prefent- ly lent down the Sheriff; to their reicue with Rich ftrength as they could get ready ( their Militia being thenunfetled by the con- tradicting Ordinances of the Parliament ) who at laft pacified the Tumult , andfent the Speaker fafehome; which was as much as they could do in this interval of their Militia , beipg the Houfes own Ad. The Lords adjourned until the next Friday ; the Commons but 1% until the next day. Tuefday morning the Commons fate again ThtSpeafeer of quietly v and after fome debate adjourned untill Friday next, bc- thc Commons caufc the Lords had done fo. r^Po*t'rh1t0f Thc next day bcinS Wednefday> the monthly Faft ,the Speaker hcCmcmto1flicand^cmbcr8 raet *n Weftmnfter Church; where the Speaker tothcA-mv; complained (in fome pafiion) to Sir Ralph Aikton and other yec runaway Members, of a fcandalous report raifed on him in the City, as if 10 the Amy. he intended to defert the Houfe, and fly to the Army , faying , be /corned to do [achat? aft ^ unjxft>t di (honorable aft; hut would rather die jn his Houfe and Char ; which being fpoken in a time and place The Hiftcry of Independency. ft place of fo much reverence and devotion , makes many think hi* fecret retreat to the Army ( the very next day ) proceed not fo much from his own judgmenc , as from fome (trong threats from CromwclivA lrcten ( who were the chief contrivers of this defpe- rate plot to divide the City and Houfes, and bring up the Army to tnthra / them both ) That if he did not comply with their de fires J hey would caufe the Army to impeach him for confening the State of ma- ny vaftfums of money* And truly I remember I have fecn an intercepted Letter , fent x bouc the time of his flight, from the Army to Will. Lent hal Spea- ker without any name lubferibed to it,only the two lafr lines were. of Jeht j Rufh norths hand ; earneftiy importuning 6j«» to retire to the Army ywirh his J' tends* 2$ On Thurfday morning early, the new renewed M Una of Lon- Th? City pro; don, made publick Proclamation chroughout the City and Suburbs, c'*im *gaina and fet up printed Tickets at Weftminficr% That if any per/on fhould umuItJ ■ difiurb either of the ttoo Houfes , or their Members , the Guardt Jhould apprehend thewt , and if reft fiance were m \ d?:, kill them ; yet notwithftanding, the Speaker and his party , ( cam ing thecaufes of their fear in their own coniucnccs) in the evening of that day fecretly dole away to Windfor to the Head- quarters. Upon Friday morning at leaft 140 of the Members affembled in the Houfc ( they that fled being about 40 ) whither the Serje- 30 anr comming with his Mace , being asked where the Speaker was > Tke Houfes aefwered Ht \*ew not weft; that he had not (e en him that morning , ^p?CJ!r 3 C£C. and was told he Went a little way out of Town laft night 3 but (aid, ^^ ^raw"^ he exp. Bid his retuyn to the Houfe this morning \ after that , being more ftri&ly queftf'oned about the Speaker he withdrew him- ftlf , and would not be found , till the Houfe ( after four hours expectation, and fending 'bme of their Members to the Speakers EouiF, who brought word from his Servants , that they conceived *jew speaker* he w '.» g^ne to the Army) had chofen a new Speaker , Mailer Hen- choftn. ryPelham, and a new Sergeant, who procured another Mace. The like {mutatis mutandis ) was done by the Lords, to pre- vent dilcontinuance and fayler of the Parliament for want of Speakers to adjourn and fo to continue it > and take away all fcru* S2 pies. £*u£r* As for the Petition and Engagement of 'the City (fomuxb ag^a-ofihe'Chy^ vatcd afc 1 he H/frory of Independency. vated by the Ittepefrdtrtt party ) it was dire&ed to the Lord Mayor ' Aldermen 9 zn^ Common- Council ; from divers Citizens, Com- manders and Sonldiers , and was occafioned by fome intelligence they had , that the Army Vtould demand an altera ion of the City Militia^ in order to a defi^t they had againft the City. It was only intended to the Common Hall, but never prefented, as the Souli- er s Petition was to their General, which being taken notice of by the Parliament as it was in agitation , was (o much refented by the Souldiery, as to put themklves into the pofture they are now in (as Lieut. Cot Lilfmrn fays in one of his books ) toad no longer by their Commifiion, but by the principles of Nature and felf-defence ; nor did the laid Engagement contain any thing but refolutions of fe If defence , in relation to tie City ; fo that we cannot fee what the Army had to do to declare their fence upon it in their Letter 23 /#//, and fo put a prejudice upon it in the Houfes. I have inftfted the more particular upon this Grand Impoflure , as being the Anvill upon which they hammered m oft of their fubfe- quent deflgnss violent and regal accufations. The new Speakers chofen; the two Hottfes proceeded to Vote and 3 3 Att, at a Par'iamcnr. afternewS i- And fir ft > The HoHfe °fCcmmons Voted *n the eleven ^peached kerschofen. Members: next, 7 hey revive and fet up again the Committee of faftty by Ordinance of both Houfes^ enabimg them to j opt with the Committee of the reftored City Militia 9 giving power by ftveral Ordinances to them , to Lifi andraife Forces , appoint Commanders and Officers % iffue forth Arms and Ammunition for defence of both Houfes andthe City againft all that [hwtd invade them* Which Votes and preparations for their felf-defence ( warranted by the fame law of Nature , as the Armies papers affirm ) were not patted , nor put in execution untill the Army ( every day recrui- ted contrary to the Houfes Orders ) were drawing towards Lon- don , and had With much fcorn difobeyed the Votes and Letter of both Houfes , prohibiting them to come within thirty miles of Low don. 1 'he Army , to countenance their Rebellion , d*-aw the two m. *4 ^ Speakers andfuoitive Members to fit in confultaticn . and Vafs Members fcn- r/A >r n w / r* v r™, . • / r r c w- • votes promtfcaoufly with the C cuncii of W^r tn the nature of a Far- use Army, liament , andtofign an Engagement (dat.4Augufl) to live and die The Hiflory of Indefflndericy* 4> die with Sir Thomas Fairfaix and the Jrmy under his command^- firming therein, that generally throughout jheir fexfe Mgrceth with the DecLuation of Sir Tho. Fairfax, and ! is Council ofW-ri /heft- ing the grounds of their prejent advance towards the City of Lon- don. In which Declaration , the council of the Army take upon them to be/V^w ludges over the Parliament^ Telling you who ofthetwoHouf s ihey hold for perfons in whom the pubhek truft of the Kingdom remaineth, and by whofe advice they mean to govern th mfelves in managing the weighty affairs of the Kingdom: Tney declare againtt the late choice of a new Speaker. by lomeGentLmen at PVcji'^nfter^knd that as things now Hand, there is no free nor legal Parliament fitting , being through the violence ( 2Q luly ) uipended. That the Orders and Votes, &c paffed 29 fo/jlaft, and allfuch as (hall pafTe in this affembly of ibme tew Lords and Gentlemen at Weftminficrjxs. void and null, and ought not to be fubmitted unro. Behold here,noc only a power without^ Parliament Houfes, Judging of the very ejftneeofa Parliament , and the validity of their refolutions, but ufurping to themielves a negative V ok e^ which they deny to the King;and yet a Schifmaticalfa&ion in the 1 Houfes complying with them, and betraying and proftituting the very being, Honour, and all the fundamental rights and pri- vileges of this and all future Parliaments to an Army of Rebels, who refufetoobey their Matters, and disband. This Engagement fo over-leavened the army , that their bru- ti(h General fent forth Warrants^ tatfe the Trained Band of fome Counties to ma»ch with him againft the City and both Houfes; although Trained Bands are not under pay of the Parlia- ment; and there ore not under command of the General, by any Order or Ordinance. But, what will not a Fool in autho ity do, when he is p -{fefftdbj Knaves} Miferable man 1 His Foolery hath fo long waited upon Cromfoeffs and Ireton's knavery, that it is not hfc for him now to fee his folly, and throw by his Cap with The £*y ^ a Bell and his B-ible. Commiflio- The Earl of Effex died fo opportunely, that many fufpeded ncrs to the his death was artificial. Army.FoH^ Yet the City were fo defirous of Peace, that they fent Commif ™i %fj{*m fioncrs faniry times to the ^irmj to mediate an Accord; Who ^ >* e b^ G COuid ttayed. 44 5« The fugitive Members re- turned. Tlje Hi (lory of Independency. could obtain no more equal terms of Agreement than that They fbouldyeeldtodzfert both Houfes , and the impeached Mem hers : Call in their Declaration newly Printed and publifhed: Re- linquifhthe Mil tia : Deliver up all their Forts and Line of Com- munication to the Army; together ^ilh the Tower of London, and all the Magazines and arms therein : Disband all their Fcrces i Turn all the Reformadoes out of the Line ♦ Withdraw aU their guards from the Htufes: Receive fuch Guards of Horfe and Foot within the Live, a* the Army jhott Id appoint to guard the Houfes % Demolifh their worlds, fuffer the whole Army to march in triumph through the City as Conquer ours ef it and tbe Parliament^ and ( as they often give out ) of the whole Kingdom : tearms which they might have had from the great Turk, had he fate down before them and broken ground. Ail which was fuddenly and d'flioncurably yeeldcd to, and executed according, by fuch an Atmy as was not able to fight with one half of the City, had they betn united: But they are the Devtls- feed-men , and h:ve fown the Cockle §f Herefies and Schifm, fo abundantly in City and Country ( efpeeially amongft the more beggarly fort ) that thefe men joyning Principles and in- terefls with the Army, weaken the hands or all opponents. They often brag that they made a civil march , free from Plunder: I Anfwer, they neither durft nor could do otherwife: their Soul- diers being ill Armed 3 and fo few, that they were not able to keep {lands in the ftreets , and keep the Avenues while their Fel- lows difpei fed to Plunder. Charles 8 with a far greater , and more Victorious Hoaft , durft not offer violence to the far lefld City of Florence when SigniorCapona put an tffront upon him in the Town-houfe ; Bidding him beat his drums , and he would ring their'Bells. Upon the 6 of Augufl , 1647. The General brought the fu- gitive Speakers and Members to the Houfes with a ftrong Party , ( who might have returned fooner without a GAard , had not their own crimes and defrgnj hundred them ) the two Palaces filled with aimed guards , double Files clean through iVefiminfter hall 9 up the (lairs to the Houfe of Commons, and fo thiongh the CourtofRequcftsto the Lords Houfe, and down ftairs again into the old Palace* The Souldicn looking fcornfully upon many Members Vhe Hifto/y of Independent v. 4 y Members that had fat in the abfence of the Speaker , and threa!:- ning to cut fotna or thtir throats And all ihiags compofed to fo ridiculous a tcrrour , as if they would Lefpeak f without (peakj"g) the abfenceofthofe Members that fat; placed the Speakers in the Chairs without Vore , one of which they had been juftly Voted for deferting their calling ; where the General Was placed in a ChsirofStAte, ( enough to make a fool of any man that tvas not fie fo» it)and received fpecial thanks for his fervice from both Speak- ers. And in the fecond place, a dij tf thanksgiving was ap- pointed to God ( I think ) for his patience in not (Viking thefe A- theiftical Saints with thunder and lightning for making him a dale to their premeditates vi laries. Here Sir 1 homos Ftirfix, with a breath ( and before any man that was not privy to the defign could "recover out of his a- mazement ) was mzdeGenerali/fimo of all the Forces ar.d Forts of England wd Wales $ to difpoie of them at his pleaiure: Con- ftablt of the Tower of London. The common Souldiers Voted one monetks gratuity , befides their pay (the Commons being in good cale to give gifts before they pay ddebts : ) left to the dilcre- tion of the General tofetwtut Guards he plcafed upon the two Houies. Whereby you may perceive in what unequal condition thole Members that did not run away with the Speaker , (Joe now fit 3 after fo many reiterated threats of the General againft them in his printed Papers. ^7 After this, the General , Lieutenaut General, Major Gene- The Armies ral Skjppon ( heretofore Waggoner to Sir Francis Pere , and one march in Tri~ that hath got well by ferving the City) and the whole Army ,"™P^ through with the Train of Artillery, marched through London in fo P^^othcrfufefJ" pomp and triumph, as if they would have the People underftandqueut Aft*. that the Authority of the kingdom ( in whofe hands foever ic remains in thefe doubtfull times ) muft iubmit to the power of the Sword , the hilt and handle thereof they hold. They turn out the Lieutenant of the Tower without caufe [hewn. The confequaices of thefe two Actions were, that immediatly the City decayed in Trade above 200000 1. a week 5 and no more bullion came to the Mn-. They difplace all our Governnurs , though placed by Ordi- nance of Parliament, and put inmenof iheir own pnty ; for this G 2 incroaching 46 the Jlijiory of Independency. encroaching faction will have all in thtir own hands: they alter and d vide the Militia of Lwafo*, fecting up particular Militfc's at TVe(tminfltr , Southward and the H imblets of the Tower ^ thac being fo divided they may he the weaker ; Deraolifli the Lines cf Communication , that the City and Parliament may lie open to Invafion when«they pl.afe, and fright many more Members from the Houfes with threats , and fear of fa lie Impeachment.*, Toe ii, impeached Members., having leave by order of the Houfe , and ljccnfe of ihe Speaker, fome ro go beyond Sea , and Antlmq Nichols to ^oe into his own Counrry co fettle his Affairs; Some of them( as Sir William Walter, and M . Den Uollis ) were art" b" upon the £ea > Nichols arrefted upon the way into Corn- wall by the Army :, and defpightfully ufed , And wh n the Gene- rai was inclined co fre'e h/m , Crcmwcl^vshote malice h known robeasurq^eochableashlsNofc) told him be was a Trartor to the A my* You fee now upon whom they mean to fix the peo- ft-s ills glance , ( for where no allegiance is due , there cm be no Treafon ) and to what purpofe they have fince by their 4 Votes (firlt debated I.-etwsen the Independent Grandees »of the Houfes and Army ) laid *lide the King , and ( as much as in them is ) taken effour Allegiance from him. Col. Birch forme* ly impleyed for Ireland by the Parliament , ivas impnibtiedj and his m?n mutinied againft him by the Army, and Sir Sam. L^ks refting quietly in his own houie , was their fei- zedupon , and carried Piiionermto Army. All theie Ads of rerror were but fo many .fcarecrowes fet up to fright more Pi e^bycerians from the Houfes, and make Lhe Army matters of their Votes. 3 $ I mull in the next place fall upon the Proceedings in both Hou- Proceedings of fcs s acted under the power and influence of this all-infliving , all- °*h H®ufcs devouring A. my , ana their engaged party ; To attain the know- pow^ofthe ledge whereof , I have ufed my utmoft induftry and intend with Army. many my near friends, and kiRfmen ficting within thofe Walls 8 $9 heretofoie(when Kings, not Brewers and Drajmen} were in pow- OfdinaBce to cr) the walls of pubiique Liberty. Nul and Void The Lords that iate in ibfence of the two Speakers ( all but the alt A&< :spaffcd jg J Qf pcmyrrM whofc eafie difpofition made him fit for all -,n abfer.ee of ,r j . . . r r n _ r r , , . T, r thciru.iaga- companies > found it their fafeft courfe to forbear the Houfe, do Speakers leaving The Hiftoty of Independency, 47 leaving it to be poflfcfTid by thofe few Lords that went to, and en- gaged with the Array : which ingaged Lords fern to the Commons for their concurrence to an Ordinance, To make ail Atls, Orders, and Ordinances gaffed from the 26. Inly, (when the tumult was up- on the Houfes ) to the 6 o/Auguft following ( being the day of tr e fug'tive Mem bets return ) Votdand Null ab initio* This was five or fix feveral days feverally and fully debated , as often put to the qutftion, and carried in the Negative every time; Yec the Lords ftill renewed the fame meflfige to them, beating back thcu* Votes into their throats, and would not acquit fee, but upon erery denial put them again to roll the fame (tone , contrary to the privileges of the Common?. The Chief \ rguments urci by the engaged party were 2 11 groun- ded upon the Common pi -ces of rear and neceffity: Mr. SolJicitot Mcnacesufed threacning if they did ror concur, the Lords were refolved to by the engaged vindicate the Honour of their Houfe , and fie no more ; they moft party in the hsve recourfe ro the power of the Sw^rd; The Icngeft Sword tske Houfe. all. Thai they were, all engaged to live and die with the Army. 7 hey Should have a fad time ofit*H*fl?rigge 11 fed the like language, farther faying , Some heads nwfl file off -y and he feared % the Par- liament cfEnghndwQuld hot fave the Kingdom of England, they mu(l lool^ another ivayforftfety. They could not fatisfie the Ar- my but by declaring all void ao initio ; and the Lords were fo far engaged , that no middle way would ferve. To this was an- fwered , That this was an appeal from the Parliament to the Arm my. And when tbefe and many more threats of as high nature were complained of, ^f defiruflive to the liberty and beings of Par- liaments , the Speaker wonld take no notice of it Sir Henry Fane junior, »cir lohn Eve /in junior y Prideauxy Gourdon, Mildmay, 7 homos Scot , Cornelius Holland , and many more , ufed the like threat*. Upon the laft Negative ( being the fifth or fix?h ) the Speaker 4< perceiving greater enforcemeats muft be ufed ) pulled a Letter out A threatniiig of his pocket 5 From the General and General Council of the Ar- R-monftrance my ( for that was now their ftile ) pretending he then received it; fr0™ lhe A *my But it was conceived he received it over night , with dire&ions t0 c° we Hcu.e conceal it , if the quettion had parted the affirmative. It was ac • corapanied with a Rcmonftancc full of villaneous language and G 3 threats 4 8 The Hi3 cry of Independency. v* reMs igiw&thofe Members that fate while the two Speakers were with the Army, calling them pretended Members, char- ging them ( in general ) with Treafon , Treacher}, and breach of Truft; and prorcited, i: they (hillprefume to itir before they have cleared themfdves, that they did not give their affents to fuch and fuch Votes , they fhouid lit at their peril , and he would take them as prifoners of War , and try them at a Council of War. Wuat King of England ever off^ed fo great a violence to the fundamental Privileges of Parliament, as to deny them the Liberty ot Voting / and No freely ? Cercainlv the Hit e finger of a Iack^Ca&e, or a Wat Tyler , is far heavier than the lojnes of a- ny King. Many Members were amazed at th:s Letter , and it was moved , That the S ; calmer Jboxld command all the Members to meet at the Houfe the next day ; and fhould declare , That they (ho » Id be fecured from danger •* And that it might be ordered , That no more hw the ordinary Guards jhouldatttnd the Houfe. But theie two motiont were violently oppofed with vollies of threats, by the aforefaid Parties and others. And cfcer more than two hours debate , the Speaker refyfed to put any queftion upon them j or any of them j and fo adjourned to the next mor- ning, leaving the Presljteiiw Members' to meet at their Pe- ril. The next day being Friday , the 20. Augufh , there was a very th n Aflembly in the Houfe of Commons ; the Boule having with fo much violence denied protection to their Members the day before , made mod of the Presbyterian panie abient. Some went over to the Independent party: others fate mute. At laft a Com- mittee was appointed prefently to bring in an ordinance of Ac- commodation^ which was fuddenly done and parte , and \s now piinted at the latter end of the laid menacing t^emonjlrance of the Army X a Child fit to wait upon fuch a Mother. . 4* Thus was this Ordinance of null and void gotten ( which hath itcinpaf been the caufe of \o much danger „nd trouble to muiti udes of \° ?.{~ people ) by the Lords reiterated breaches upon rhePuvilegesof and void ^e "oafe or Common?; Tr.e engaged parties ihreats wtnin dores; The Armustf-undnngLe ters and Remonitrance, Their Guards Hi (lory of Independer* cy. Guards upon their doors, and a Regiment cr two of Horfe in H'de P*r\y ready to make impreffions upon the Houfe, in cafe things had not gone to their minds- diveife of whofe Comman- ders walking in the Hall , enquired often how things went . p'ote- fting,, tkey Weuld pull them for: b b] the Ears if they did not give fpeedy fat ufa ft ion. Thus for the manner of parting that Ordinance. The matter of Argument ufed againft it was( as far as I can hear) to the purpofe following : It was alleged that the Force upon Monday, 26. Itdy* ended that day , that the next day being Tuefday , the Houfe met quietly, and adjourned : that upon Friday following, the Houfes fate quietly all day, and gave their Votes freely , and fo forward ; the City having fufficiently provided for their fecuriry , that the tranfient force upon Monday, could have no irfl ience on the Koafcs for time to come. That the Supreme power of no Nation can avoid their own Acts by pretended force : this would make the Common people, the Jurors, and Iudges, to queflion ail Acts done in Parliament , fince one nun can, and may judge of force as well as another: this were to bring the Records of the Houfe into difpute.- Magna Chart a was never gotten nor confirmed but by Force : Force was threefold, upon one , or both Houfes • or upon the King, in giving his Royal ajfent ; neither could plead it : the Parliament is prefu- medtoconfiltoffuchmenas dare lay down their lives for their Country. When the King came with force to demand the 5 Members : When the City came down crying for juftice againft the Earl of Strajjerd : W'hcn the Women came down crying for Peace : When the Reformadoes came down in a much more dangerous Tumulc than this of the unarmed Apprentices ; yet the Houfes centinued &u< g and acting , and none of their Ads were nulli- fied. That to make their Ads, Orders, and Ordinances void ab initio , would draw many thoufand men, who had atfed under them, into danger of their lives and fortunes, who had no Au- thority to difpute the validity cf our Votes : we muft therefore give them power to difpute our Ads hereafter upon muter of fad 3 for to tie men to unlimited and undifputable obedience to our 5 o The Hi fiery of Independency. our Votes 3 and yet to punifo them for obeying whenfoever we (hall pleafe to declare our acls void , ab initio y is contrary to all reafon, If to aft upon fiich Ordinances were criminal, ic w s more criminal in thole chat made them. And who ftiall uc Iudges of thofe trm made them .? not the Members that went to the te- my ; They aie pirtie* pre-ingaged to live and die with the Army ; and have approved the Armies Declaratio «,calling thofe that fate, afcVo Lords xnd Gentlemen 9 and no Parliament : They have joy- red with a power out of the Houfes to give a Law to , and put an eng3gcment upon both Houfes, a prefident never heard of before , ormoft dangerous confluence 3 it takes away the liberty of gt ving / and N-> freely, being the very 1 fe of Parlamems : If all done under an aftuil force be void , it is queftionable whether all hath been done this four or five years be not void; and whe- ther his Majefties Hoya! affent to forae good Bils p. iTed this Par- liament , may not be faid to have been extorted by force • If the Kings pirtie prevail , they will declare this Parliament void, Fabian* i Hi- upon the ground your felves have laid, i Hen. 7, that King urged tf ory.c tne Parliament to make void ab initio, all Acls puffrd £1^.3. which theyrefufed upon this ground, that then they flv-uld make all that had acted in obedience to them liable to puuiftunent , only they repealed thofe An?. The debate upon this Ordinance of Xull and F^oid , held from Monday, 9 of Ang* to the 20 Aug. ( when it was paffed ) but not without fome ioterloapirg debates of feme hing a different na- ture, yet all looking the fame way; uccafioned by Meffages from t e Lords: Namely, o ce upon a Meflage f to London , ndfer th U- fence of Parliament and City \Oni far the Kirgj coming to Lond< i it was fated only to <:ct him out of the v Over n the Atmj\ u f mer~ ly in a full and free Parliament he had been Filed to Richmond for the fame reaf u Upon another Meffage from the Lords, the Common? concur- 4? red in an Ordinance to erect a Committee o: Examination, to in- A ( quire into , and examine the City Petition, Engagement , and the \ terce upon the Hottfes 26 July , and all endeavours to raife any 'hs Tu:i' ' forces,&c. This Comi tee confided of" 22 Corporis befides Lords", almoft all of them Members engaged witli the Army: but becaufc there were fome three or four Presbyterians gotten in amongfl them, to (hut the'fe Canaanites fortn,that the Godly ,tbe true feed 4^ of Ifirael might fftuffle the cards according to their own mind,the A .5V'b~ccf1T1" 13 AtgHfttB&t (upon another Meffage rcom the Lords; there ^ccyftkftca was a Sub-Committee of Secrecy, named out of this Grand Cora- to examine th« mittee of Examinations,to examine upon Oath;the perfons were, Tumult, the Earl ofDer>bighy and Mulgrave , Lord Ora) otW*y\ , Lord Howard of Eftrig, Sir Arthur Hafleriggt r,Mr. Solicitor , Gor- don , Miles Corbet , Alderman Fenington, Alien. Edwards ^ Col. Vendor any three of them;all perfons engaged to live and die with the Army, and now appointed to make a clandeftine fcrntiny , and fearch into the lives and actions of the Presbyterian Party that fate in Parliament doing their duty, when the engaged Party fled to the Army , and brought them up in hoftile manner againft them. Theunreafonableners of this way of proceeding was much ur- ged , and farther alleged , that it was* neither confonant to the ^ . *7 customs of the Houfejtor finto common reafori, that a Sub-commit' tee pj uld be chofeh out of the Grand Cbmrhittee of Examinations , Com nittcc of Wth more power than the Grand Committee itfetfhad^ and, ex Secret exami- cluditjg the reft cf the Committee , under the pretence of Secrecie ; nations, Befides , tt was againfi ths privilege rf the Uouje of Commons t that the Lords fhould nominate xthe' Common* in that oub-corrtrnt- teeaswellas their o^n Members. Bat the Independent Gran- H dees £j * The Htfory of Independency. tbes wo«Id have it pafs. Breach of Privilege and all other confide* rations are eafily fwallowcd when they arc fubferrient to their prefent defigns. 4s The party engaged were refolved to be Examiners , J \f 'orders Th? ma.irer of and WunefteS} as weli.as Parties^ ( h aftive was their maiicc)anct profecwion & |ia(j fowel packed their Cards, that eight or nine Schematic*! Sft0£bsCTuffluf Lords engaged likewife with them, and die Army fhould be ' *" 'Judges of the Presbyterian Party that fate in abftnee of the two .Speakers, the better to give the two Houfes a through Purge and make them of the fame complexion with the Army : without which they had no hopes to divide the power and profit of the Land between themfelves by i occo I. 20000 1. in a afliorning fha- red amongft the Godly ; and to make trie whole Kingdom to be Gwtoniies % hewers of wood, and drawers of water to the faith- full. MUeswfot *n 0r^cr t0 ^c P*a^n£ °ftDis Same > Mila Corbet ( Interpret makrsrcpQrt ter t0 tne State-puppet-play behind the curtain, commonly cal- cf Examinati- Ied,T he Clofe Committee of Examinations) upon the 3 September '■ cn*£akenai flood up and began his Report from that Inquifition, faying, AcCJodGom. jqe muM begin with the Committee ef Safety y Wherein many Mem- "aLnft-h-- * bers were concerned y and it Vfasnecejfarj- to page the Houfes fir ft. Committee cf ^ut further faid 9he ftonldfopprefs the names of many of his Wit- $afe». nt§cs<> beeaufe the Depefiticns he (honld report were but ^repa'atory Examinations^ and it would be for jerv:ce of the State to core eel tbeirnames, He firft produced many Warrants fignedatthe Cimmitteetf Safety by the Earls of Pembroke , Suffolk^ Middle fex , Lincoln, Lord Willcughby oiParham^ May r.ard ,Mr . B cllis ,Sir PhlStapfo* ton, Sir WilL Walter ,Mr< Long, Mr, Nichols, Sir William L:^U% ,.M Mr. Baynton. *vw. Ncxt' ^^^ reported , he had a Witnefswho depofedthat * ' * Gentleman with a Red head had figntd many Warrants Jhi oofei to be Mailer Ed&ard Bavnton ; at length after much wyer-drawing of the bufinefs, one Warrant was (hewn to Matter Baynton , which he con':efled to be his hand. And prelenrly Haflerig moved that Mailer Buynton might forthwith Anfwer ; against whiih was ob» jeded , That fine e thefe \*j Examinations , net If gal proofs 3 no t&ak was buwdto AnfVtcr listm ; 9t her wife a man {hall 7l;e Hiflcry of Independency. 5) ffillhe rut to us many feveral axfvcrs as fevsral neW matters of Chsr^e am: in agi vjl b m , and Jh 4! day bj day be liable to new v e'x*' ions, and nev*r know when be bath cleared himfelf, ButCsrht ( who of an Examiner was now become the Kingi Solicitor , or advocate Criminal) moved to proceed to Iudgmcnt againft him : butfirftto a?k him fome preparatory queHions. But re wasanfwered , that it was illegal to fqueefe examinations out of a mans own mouth • neither was a man bound to anfwer , where his words may condemn , but not aSfolve him : for To much as depends upon the teftimony of WitnefTes againft' this Gende- may , you cannot proceed unfe(s he be by, and have liberty to put crofs queftions to the WitnefTes. It is alleged , Warrants were finned, and all done in relation to a new War. It is anfwered , ic w*as done in order to Self-defence ( allowed by the Laws. ) Long before this occalion , when the Army fir ft mutinied and threat- ned to march to London , and ufe fuch extraordinary means againft the Parliamint and City as God had put into their hands , you then in a full and free Parliament appointed a Com- mittee of Safety for their defence, who fate and a&ed. This Com- mittee was but the fame revived , and upon the like or worfc threats and menaces, as by the many printed papers from the Ar- my will appear ; you have no Teftimony againft this Gentleman byname, but only a character of his Hair : and for figning the Warrant confefled by himfelr he is acquitted by tbe Pravifo of the Ordinance 20 Augnj} laft, which excepted only fuch as s&ed upqri the forcejbut when theCommittee of Safety was revived,the Parliament was freer from force than it is now. Mr. Bayxton not- withstanding, was adjudged to be fuipended the Houfe during pleafure of the Houfe,which is as much as to fay, So long as theTj- ranny of this Domineering Fatlion lafietb. The 4 of Sept. Corbet reported he had a Witnefs ( but named . * w < him not , becaufe they were but preparatory examinations } who Af* - depofed, that an elderly Gentleman, of low ftaturc, in a Gray llA *tn- fuit , with a little ftick in his hand, came forth of the Houfe into the Lobby when the tumult was at the Parliament dore, and wkifpered fome of the Apprentices in the ear, and encouraged them , ( fuppofed to be Mr. Walke- •) Ur. JVallter denyed he f pake thsu with any man auhc Lobby , orfawany face that he kn«w H 2 there j ^4 The Hiftcry of Indefendtnop there ; and fo neglefted the bufinefs as a thing notconfiderable. But the next day c 'orbct moved that Wt.wMrr might be ordered to put on his Gray fuic again, and appear before the Clofe Com- mittee , and the Wi who faicli , he knowttb hi n again if be fee him. I hear Mr. Walker defired to know ( feeing the Wknefs had not named him ) by what Authority tfi* examiners iliould takemcha Depofition , and make application thereof to him 5 And feeing there were many Gentlemen in the Honfe that day with whom that Character agreed as well as with himfelf , why the Reporter did not move that all to whom that Chara&er was appliable might be put to that ted as well as himfelf, but Mngle him out for a mark to (hoot at j complaining i that he was not ignorant out of what quiver this Arrow came : he had been threatned with a revenge by fome of that Clofe Commie tee , and had other Enemies amongit them , that could bice without bark- ing He told them that yefterday Mr. Corbet reported that the fuppofed old man whifpered, &c: but de(ired thofe that were then in the Houfe to call to mind that the noivft was then fo great in the Lobbj^ that no whifper , nay the louden, words he was able to fpeak could not be heard. Then Corbet changed his Tale, fay- ing, the words were , What jqh d-^Ao qnic\y ; and were fpoken aloud; and faid the Character agreed bed" with Mr. WaJker^ for that the Deponent faid , the Gentleman was a Lean meager man. Here Mr. Walker defired the Houfe to take notice , that the Reporter had twice varied his Report- f In the words f ok. n , from zwhifier to loud jpe»kivg. 2 In the GkajiaiSeiimlarged with the words lc m and meager. Here is hail- (hot n . , if one raifs the other muft hit ; Yet with this addition i there were di- vers in the Houfe with whom theCha racier agrw ;. as with himfelf. And by the incivility of his words , it ihould feem the Witnefsi- ,-: man of no breeding 5 wherefore be defired to hear \\\sname , th&t he might inquire of his credit and repute. If the Reporter thi-ks be may be pra&iied , he doth not think him a man of honejfty , and then he had more caufe to fufpeft him. He farther con ' 1 h itto make Hue and Cry after him ( as it wer.- upm fireffe f' -' ) ipon ^ Character of Lis perfon and cloaths five or fix weeks after the fuppofed fa ft , (he never having absen- ted ?5 ted himfelf one day from the Houfe) favoured coo much of a par- ty overfwaied with malice and revenge, Your Clofe Commitcee of Examination carry on bufineffes fo In the dark (being partes engaged with the1 Army, and not fworn to be true in their ofHce ) that no man can fee how to defend him- felf, or how he is dealt with , or when he is free from trouble and danger. Itfeerns we are here called exumpre to anfwer for our lives, ore tenm ; and our Accufation beginncth with the Exa- mination of our perfons , to make us Hate a Charge againft our . :s , to betray our lelves , and cut our own throat with our :, contrary t *,WP ->>,and e Laws of Go d and Mxr. , which in the . me were in ufe; and no Witneffes arc :ed, nor fo much as named : the thinks therefore we are compelled to play at Mini-man- ■ or our lives, not feeing who ftrikes us. You have the mod fcrrj na 7 way o: hanging one another that ever I faw ; if is a kind < proceeding in matter of life and death ; your fecre . / I ? minations favour fo much of the Spar, fh inquifitio* % and e Gounod if rcubhs erefted by the Duke a* Alva in the L . w u»~ tries ( called Cnncihm Sanguinis ) that they can never agi 2 ; wis h the Eafts and, Nature of our Nation: if our Kings fhaU imfl . : . • ou beretfter, they will be the greatell Tyrants in -he World I rn 1- litics and Privileges of Court, derogating from the .on Rules ofLaw, and practice of the Land , are but curl be.'cre opprefllon and tyranny to daxle mens e- > C e to pell you, that I have ferved you ig % and have taken as much pains, and run as r larr is . 10ft men in your fervice , wherein I have lull m \j i. id a.-ove 7000!. of my Eftate , without one penny c . other men have had ; nor have I laid my h lans money or goods, or had any gainfull icriptoyment n - u ; I contented my lelftoferve my Country *m*.-<- and I e l.'ttle honour I had gotten thereby, whereoi you have now robbed me, by a roaving Accufation {hot at random ai me. Had I cbeatedthe State of 40000 1: or 50000 1. peradventure I might have been thought a Godly confiding rnan,o! right principles, and have had 10000L given me for my Rains. Siry You have heard the voice of a Free man ( not of a (lave ) that dares keep his ftrft Principles , H 3 Religi- Tltf Hifhrj of Independency. ReHglonj Laws, and juft liberties, whoibevcr lays th?m afide-" and protefHagainil Tyranny and cppreiuon , wherdbever he finds ir.,whether in theGovernment oUne or hm^.You may mur- der me by the Sword of Jufticc, but you cannot hurt me : but de- liver me from the evils to come* Nor fbali I be unwiliing to lufrer * Gaol-delivery of my Soul from the prifon of my body when I am called to it. When Mr. tvJ\ter had done his defence , the debate followed much to this purpofe , That to order him t* appear in hti Gray fuit before the Clcfe Committee avd H'i nefs was illegal , and againfi the Laws and Liberties of the Sub pel* 1 . It is to kelp another to accufc himftlf \ which is all one as if he did acettje himfelf 2. To bida Mtnefs Uokupon a ?»<*w(after he is engaged to name fome body) is te prompt him to go no further than the party figged, 3. A Witnefi ought not to be twice examined againfi a, »M»,that is. to draw him on by degrees to [wear homeland to mend in his fee end Depofition , what fell \hort in his fi>fi> 4. If the Witnefs firil depefe rct're matter, not nami g ihepartj\ & five or fix wetkj after declare the Perfon without OrtUythi* i* no DepofitiW) and if the Oath be renewed^ the Witnefs is twice exami- ned'. So the bufinefc was laid by, and Corbet allowed to (hew Mr. #V£*rcafuallyashecould meet with him to his Witnefs , which was ( in a manner ) to draw dry foot after him with his bioud-hound. I was the more curious in gathering the circumftances of this bufinefs out of the reports of many feveral men , in regard of the rarenefs of the cafe , and the exquifitnefs or the malice with which it was profecuced. And it feemed to me the more admira- ble , becaufe I hear generally that Mr. Walker hath always, been oppofite to all parties and factions , both Prcfbyterian and Inde^ pendentyupon whom he looks as the common difturbers both of Church and Commonwealth, and enemies of peace. Nor could hecverbcperfwadedtobeatanyoftheir/*»f0*/ or fecret mee- tings ; and therefore it is not probable he fhould fuddenly and in the open view of the Houfe go forth and engage with a company offiily unarmed Apprentice Boys. But I hear they cannot en- 4l&e his fevcrity, nor ha their knavery. What will not the malice Gf The Htftcry of Independency. S 7. of a defperateAnabaptiftical faftion attemptfthey have long fpor ted in the blood and treafure of the Land, as the Ltvidtkd* doth in the Waters* and do now keep up a numerous Army to carry on thole deiigns by force, which they can no longer make good by. fraud. h\\Engiand\% become as Mnnfltr was, and our Gm-idees fuitable to John tfLejden, and Knipperdoling, The next report Cobet made concerning Mr. Recorder Gyu AgainftMr, The chief thing* objected were, That he had frequented the Com- Rcccri* r G/;». won Council, the Committees of the Militia , and Safety, mire t han> he was \^o«t to d-> : fh.it he was fllent and nude no oppofia&n ; an i that h %ave tban^ to the apprentices when they delivered their Petition to the City y offering their help for defence thereof agahfi whomsoever* The Recorder anfwercd, The Chirge was longhand hi* Memory fhert : He d: fired time to examine hi* memory , concerning the cir~ etimslixces of timt^ place, pe^fons and other matters ; and that he- might examne tVtvejfes for clearing his innocen:y.Bnt his profecu- tors ( hoping to do more good upon him by way of Surprize, than in a deliberate and legal way of proceeding) put him upon it to anfwer ex temple. Pie confefTed and avoyde J fome things,, but denyed the mod material. He denyed he was more frequenc at their meetings than ordinary. For his iiience,he alleged, he was. but the Ciries iervant, and bad no voice amongft them, but when his opinion is demanded : That he gave thanks to the Apprenti- ces as a fervant by command , yec had mixed fome admonitions and reprehenfions in his Speech to them. So the Recorder withdrew. t\cA prefently Haflerig 'according to hiscuftom ) moved judgment might be given againft him. To which was anfwered , that the Recorder denyed rhe principal parts of his Charge ; and oifered proofs by Witnefle? : you muft give him that leave, or take aii parts of his fpeech for granted ; as well that nukes for bun , asagainfthim. Two or three days more will make this bufinefs ripe for judgment : let bim have one judgment tor all. if you judge him now to be expelled the Houfe he is already forejudged, and that will be i leading cafe to a Farther judgment: forwhi dares acquit wf;ere yon have con- demned ? A man ( ught c i be but once judged upon one accufa- t.ion. The diihenonr of cxpuliion is a piiiiifhment exceeding death. A^th I^-ouju^e now upon one part of the Accuiation, and hereafter upon another part ttion , be will be twice condemned uponone Accufat.on , and (hall never know when be hath fatisfied the La*, anendlefs vexation. Yet fle/I*"/ moved he might receive judgment now,f6rw] was already proved or confeffed to be.e! c%fitbnl*dp»'£'dthri' .•/<,) ana that iic might be farther impeached hereafter upon farther heanng. So he was adjudged to be difcharced the Houfie, commuted to the I ower.and farther imoeac ed hereafter. , A?ain'ftS:J.fc» c ;:^tllc fame day was called to Anfwer.ht teh- iii3* ought £0 The niftcr) of ' I /.dependency. brought to anfwer by due yrocefs of Law. That is , according to the Stat* ^i.Ed^c.^ That no man be brought to anfwer without pre* fentment before Jufiices, or matter of Record , or by due procefs , or writ original according to the old Law of the Land : not according to new invented Articles of Impeachment, but according to thole Laws that were well known, and old in Edw.2, . time : See Stat. 37, Ed. v 1 Ed. 6 ch. 12.6 Ed.6*c. 11. and the Stat. 2y.iT.3J iaith , No man {hall be taken by Petition or fug ge ft ion made to the King or his C 'ounfi /, &c. and the Houfe of Peers is no more but the 5 r Kfhgs Counfel, as anon I (hall make evident. Argun-:, ms a- It was moved by divers, that thefe Genr. might be tryed accor- gaintt impeach ding to Law at theKings Bench,by a Iury of twelve men devhme- ne'r bd^"0rC t0> l^eic Peers anc* ^^iua^s t0 /udg of matter of fad: alleging that the Common Law was the Birthright of all the free People of England \ which was one of the 3 Principles for which the Palia- muit fo often declared in print that they fought , and for defence whereof they had entered into a covenant, with their hands lifted up to God-, the other two principles were Religion and Liberties* I .The Lords were not Peers to the Commoners : At the common Law they {hall have fworn Judges for matter of Law ^ of whom they mij ask que ft ions in doubt full points } nor can they be Judges in their oW/ncjfes* 2, They have fworn furors of the Neighbourhood for matter of fall, Vehom they may-Challenge. 3. The knoVon Laws and Statutes for Rules to judg by , which in cafeof Tnafon is the Stat. 25* Ed. Z..yca cannot l^ote nor declare a new Treafon : And if you could, to doic Ex poft fa&o , is contrary to all rules ofjufiice : The Apoftle faich, fin u . breach of a Ccm- mandement (or Law)/ had not tyovjxfin but by the Law : the Law therefore muft go before Sin* 4» At the Common Law, They have Witneffes openly and newly examined upon Oaih before the sccn/ed^ face , Veho may except a- gainfi them andcrofs examine them. 5. Evenin Star-chamber and Chancery (where only hearings are upon Tefti monies ) the Examiners arefftorn Officers. 6. A man hath but one Tryatana Judgment upon one accufation t, fo that he knows when he hath fatisfied the Law. In this way of proceeding, all thefe neceffary legalities are laid by, ihe History of Independency. " ££ by; and thcfe Gentlemen have not fo much fair play for their Lives and Eftates, as Naboth had for his Vineyard : he had all the formalities of the law; yea, he had lawitfelf; yethehad not juftice, becaufe they were the fom of Belial that were fet before him : what fhall we conceive thele vVitnefTes are that do not ap- pear? nay, whofe very names are concealed? yet Naboth was murdered by the fword of Jufticc : for the honour of Parliaments give not the people caufe o fufped, thefe Gentleman (hall be h too: nonrecurrent im ad txtraordwaria^ quando fen potefipcr or- dinary*, But all this was but to charm a deaf Adder : the nine or zen ?» engaged Lords that then pofiefTed the Houfe, were thought to be Argents fitter than a lury of Middlefixio make work for the hang-man, £0™ Vo hire and yet they have no Judicature ever the Cdmmtint^ as appears by no pOWer 0f " the Prefident o^vc Simon de Berufrd, William Talb>ys , and judicature o- the City of Camb idge. Note ;hat one prefident againft the lu- vcr the Com- rifdidiV,n of a Court is more valued than a hundred for it: becaufe mon5, the Court c annot be aipooicd ignorant of the Law, and its own right'- ; but a particul ;.r man or Client may : lee Sir John Maj- rari's Roy < qu*rrelyand his Laws [nhverfion^ Lieutenant CoL Lilu*> **s Wh fjortt.fpref:c<> to the Lords andCommons of the two Haufes of Par^ liamertr^dzted ?i leb. 1 647. As for the cafes of Wefton, Gomenes, and Hall, (cited by Mr- Pryn} they were for fads done beyond Sea, and before the Stat. 1 Hen. ^.ch.i 4. whereof the Common Law could then have no connufance, and therefore an extraordi- nary way of proceeding before the Lords wasrequifit,,ini by the Kings fpecial authority it was done, without which f I dare bold- ly affirm) the Lords have no Iudicature at all; which thus I make appear. 1 . The King by delivering the Great Seal to the Lord Keeper, The ^'ottft of makes him Keeper of his con/cience for matter of equity; By His p crs no c un Brevi/i patentia to the ltidges of the twoBenches & *ke Exchequer •, or* Ludtctfttre the King makes them adminiflrators and interpreter fHi anddirpcnfingwiththerigoroftheLawinCrimir.nl cai- . And though the Lord Keeper is Speaker of the Lords Houfe of conrfe, yet he is no Member of the Lords Houfe virtnte Officii : the Jud- 1 2 ges u Blank ]m- f»eac*i penis The Hifio/y of Independence ges are not Members, but affidants only ; fo that no man in the Jrdoufe of Peers, as he is (imply a Peer , is truded by the King ei* ther with di fpenfatton of Law, or Equity. :. When a Peer of Parliament ,or any minelfeis tried before the Lords in Parliament criminally, he cannot be tryed by his P^ers only, becaufe in ads of judicature there mud be a Iuog Su- perior , who mud have his inferiors miniderial to him : therefore in the trial of the Earl of Strafford ( as in all other trials upon life and death, in the Lords Houfe) the King grants his Commiilion to the Lrd high Steward to Ik as Irtdg , and the red of the Lords are but in the nature of Iurors. So that it is the Kings (Jo mm j (li- on that Auchorifeth and Diftinguiftieth them. 3. When a Writ of Error ifsucth out of the Chancery to the Houfe of Peers, they derive their Authority meerJy from that Writ, For thejthrec Reft fens aforefaid.the Houfe of Peers is no Court of Judicature, without the Kings (pecial Authority granted to them, either by his Writ,or his CommiiTion ; and the Lords by their four Votes have denied all further addrefs or application to the King, have cut off from themfelves that fountain from which they derived all their power ; and all trials by Commiflion mud be upon Bills or Ads of Attainder , not by A tides of Impeach* mint , a way never heard of before this Parliament, and invented tocarty onthedefignsofaredlefs impetuous fadion: Had the Fadion had but fo much wit as to try the Gentlemen by Commi;- iion of Ojer and Terminer^ before Sergeant wild,\\z would have borrowed a point of Law to hang a hundred of them for his own preferment. Obferve, that almoft all the cafes cited by Mr. Vrjn concerning the Peers trials of Commiffioners were Authorifed by the King upon the Tpecial indance of the Houfe of Commons $ as for the Houfe of Commons they never pretended to any power of Judica- ture, and have not fo much Authority as to Admini/ter an Oath , which every Court of Pye-Poulders hath. But this way of tryall before the pre- ingsged Lords, and upon Articles of Impeachment ( which they keep by them of all forts and (izes fit for every man , as in BirMn-lani they have fuits ready made to fie every body ) was the apter means to bring men ' The Hifter) of Independency. ?3 men to death , whom they feared living , had not a doubt of the Scots comming in taught them more moderation than their nature isufually acquainted with ; and to fright away , (at lead) put to filence the red of the Members with fear of having their names put in blank Impeachments; snd that it might be fo apprehended, Miles Corbet moved openly in the Boufe of Commons that they fhould proceed with the Impeachments which were ready, no- thing wanted but to fi)l up the Blanks, they might put in what names they pleafed. This Inquifuor General, this Prologue to die Hang- man, that looks more like a Hang man than the Hang- man himielfjhath fince gotten a rich office of Regifter oftbe( han- c*r-)% as a reward for his double diligence; Oh Sergeant Wild and Mr.S'ff/defpair not of a reward. Friday 27 i>;tf.the advice ^SirTljcmu fair fax and his Coun- - . ** cil of War was read in the Houfe of Commons , What Handing f *he Army* fore s they ought to keep up in England and Wales , and what Garrifons; alto what forces to fend for Ireland ; namely , for Ireland, 6000 foot, and 2400 horfe , out of the fupcrnumerary loofe forces , being no part of the Army ; and for England , upon cftablifhed pay, 1 bcoo foot at 8d. jer hum* 7200 horfe at 25. pr dum each Trooper , ioco Dragoons , and 200 Fire locks,Train. of Artilery, Arms and Ammunition, to be fupplied. The foot to be kept in Garrifons, yet fo that 6000 may be readily drawn into the Field. The Independent party argued , that the Army were unwil- ling to go for Ireland, pretending their engagement to the con- trary 5 If you divide or disband any part of your Army, they will fufped you have taken up your old refoiurion againft them, to disband the whole Army : it is now no time to discontent them , when the Kings Anfwers to your Propositions tend to divide yoa and your Army, and the people are generally difaffc&ed to ycu. The Presbyterian Party argued , that the engagement of the Army ought to be no rule to the Counfels of the Parliament - 0- therwife new engagements every day may prefcribe the Parlia- ment new Rules ; we mull look two wayes, 1 Upon the people unable to bear the burthen. 2 Upon the Army. Let us keep fomc power in our own hands , and not deicend fo far below I }_ the. 6% mc Tbs Hi fiery of ' Independency. e dignity of a Parliament, as to p#t all into the hands of the r neral and his Council War. You have almoff given away all kpeady.The Army advifeth you to k ?ep up your Garrifons, then ai on mature deliberation this Houie formerly Voted : you have njreadymade Garrifons manned with gallant and faithful! S en, to whom you owe Arrears ; to remove them, and place nt w couldiers in their rooms , will neither pleafe them ■ nor the pla- es where they are quartered, who being acquainted with their old guefts 9 will nor willingly receive new in their rooms. Thefe men have done you as good and faithfuil fervice as any in the Ar- my ; and were ready to obey you and go for Ireland , had they not been hindred by thofe,who under ■ retence of an engagement to the contrary ( which they mutinoufly entred into ) will nei- ther obey you,nor go for Ireland, nor furfeY others to go.Though you difcharge thefe men without paying their Arrears , ( which others of other principles will not endure) yet give them good words. It you will be ferved by none , but fuch as are of your new principles ; yet confider your Army are not all alike princi* pled , and peradventure the old principles may be as good as the new for pub lick , though not fo fit for private defigns and purpo- ses. You have palled an Ordinance, That none tb.it have born At ins again ft the Parliament fh dl be imptoyed: if you disband all fuch , your Army will be very thin; many have entrtd into pay there in order to do the King fervice , and bring the Parliament low.There is no reafon you fttould keep up 1400 horfe more than you laft voted to keep up, being hut 5800. n which time 60000I. a Month was thought an eftablifhment fnfficient both for Eng- land and Ireland, But now the whole charge of En?UnJ and Irc- landwltt amo unt to i?4oool. a month, which muir be railed up- on the people either directly and openly by way of feiTement, or indiredly and clofeiy, partly by felTernentsJ& partly by free quar- ter & other devices: nor will the p ;y of 2s. per diem to each Troo- per,and 8d. to each Foot Souldier enable them to pay their quar- ters.If you mean to govern by the Sword, your Army is too lit- tle : if by the Laws and juftice oi the I. and , and love of the peo- ple , your Army is too great : you can never pay them, which will occafion mutinies in the Army and rume to the Country. Thus difputcd the Presbyterians, but to no rurpofe } it was carried a- gainft them. Ob- The Hifiory of Independency. fy Obfcrvc that when the War was at the higheft, the monthly tax came but to 54000 1. yet had we then the Earl ofEJfex's Ar- my, Sir William Waller's ,My Lord of Dcnbi£h\M*Geii.Poyntz,'s. M. Gen. Skf* (fty's, Mi j. Gen. Lwghorr/s.. Sir ivilliam Brereton*sy Sir Th. Middleton's L>rigades,and -other forces in the fieid;befides Garrifons. Eut now this Army hath tfooool. a month,and sooool.a month ^ more pretended for Ireland -t which running all through the fin- ^thytaxCSc gcrs oi the Committee of the Army, That Kingdom ( which is purpofely kept ™zftArv\ngconditi-lxzX^^ in to break the Lo. Inche^mns Army, that Ireland may be a recep- jjCpC ;naftar- tacle fcr ibe Saints againft England fpews them forth ) hath no- ving conition. thing but the envy oiit,the fole benefit going to this Army. This :oocol. a month being a fecret unknown to the common Souldi- ers, the Gr^dees of the Atmy put it in their own purfes. Moreover, this Army hath Sill a kind of free quarter, ( under colour of lodging, fire and candel) for who fees not that thefe mafterlefs guefts upon that intereft continued in our houfes,do & will become Matters of all the reft ? &nd who dares ask money for quarter of them, or accept it when it is colourably offered, without fear of farther harm? beiides, the ^rmy, (whofe requefts are now become Commands ) demanded that they might have the leavying of this Tax , and that the accounts might be audited at the Head-quarters ; and though the Officers of this Army ( to catch the peoples arTe&ions ) encouraged them orten to Pe- tition the Houlesagainfl: Free-quarter, pretending they would forbear it , after an eftablifhment fetled upon them ; the ufe their party in the Houfemide of thefe Petitions, was to move for an Addition of 20000I. or 30000I. a month ,and then they fhould pay their quarters, lodging, fire and candel , nay liable room too excepted. Hereitisnotamiisto infert a word or two of this villanous 5S oppreftion, Free-quarter; whereby we are reduced to the con- Free-quarter dition of conquered Slaves, no man being Maftrr of his own Fa- mily , but living like Bond-Haves in their own Houfes , under theie /Egyptian Tas^-mafttrs , who are (pies and intelligencers upon our words and deeds , fo that every mans table is become a inaretohim. In the third year of KingCHARLS/ the Lords and 66 The Hifiory of Independency. and Commons in their Petition of Right ( when not above aooa or 3000 Souldiers were thinly quartered upon the people but for a month or two ) complained thereof to his Ma jetty as a great grievance contrary to the Laws and Cuttomes of the Realm , and humbly prayed as their right and Liberty, according to the Laws and Statutes of this Kingdom, that he w 011 Id remove them, and that his people might not be ib turthened in time to come , which his Ma jetty gracioufiy granted. Yet now we are v:n thou- fand times more oppreffed with them , and if theft quarterers of- fer violence or villanons ufage to any man in his houfe or family, or commit murder or felony , they are protected againft the Laws and Iuttice or the Land$and 1 riable only by a CourcdofyVa- at the Head- quarters , where a man can neither obtain juttice, nor feek S9 it with fafety. So that we iive under the burthen of a perpetual MmialLtir. Army of ^ocoo or4ocoomen , exempt from all but Martial- Law, which frequently oppreffcth, feldom nghteth any man: witnefs Oliver Cranrvtl's takin ofThompfor, (being no Souldier ) from the Houie of Commons door with Souldiers, imprifoning and condemning him at a Council of War ? where hefateludg in his own caufe, there being a quarrel between them ; yet it was held Treafon in the Earl of Strafford , to condemn the Lord of VaUntia ib , being a Member of his Army , becaufe it was in time of Peace, as this was. Many other examples we have of the like nature , and of this Army , enough to perfwade us, that thefe w*- dicativs Saints will not govern by the known Laws of the Land , ( for which they have made m fpend our money and blood) but by Martial Law , and Committee Law, grounded upon Arbitrary Ordinances of Parliament , which themlelves in the firtt part of exa.li ColUUions , p. 727. confefs; are not laws without the Royal affent. This Army hath been dayly recruited without any Authority, far beyond the fald number or pay ettablifhecf ; the fupernu- meraries living upon free quartered when complaints have been made thereof in the Houie , the Army being quartered in feveral Brigades, fupernumeraries have been disbanded in one brigade^ their Arms taken by their Officers , andihortly after they have Chcjts rutup-becn lifted again in another Brigade , and their Arms fold again ©n ihc Sue - so the State, after a while to new Arm thera. And of this fore were Tl:e tfijory of lndcft>tdentf+ ig i if ere thofe Arms which being found in a Magazin in Town by foaae Zealots , and rumoured to belong ror.be City for the ar- ming of Reformado's , were upon examination found to belong toOdverCromwelxlo thebuiinefs wa> buried in fiance; for though the Kings ovcrfights mull be tragically pubiiflied to the world, yet the haynous crimes of the godly mult lye h-d under the mask of Religion. And though they have ufually t -.ken free- quarter in one place, £r and taken Composition money for free-quarter in another place > A«w» fccur'il fome of them In two or three places at once 3 5. a day , fome Qf * lhouyl thc them 5s for a Trooper, and *s. a day, and is 6d. for a foot foul- t Qn hodrnr, dier, whereby no arrears are due to them, but they owe money ro the StaiCj yet they have compelled the Houfcs to fettle upon them for pretended Arrears, 1 The moity or thc Excife (that they may have thc Souldiers help in leavyingit •, although to flutter thc people , thc Army bad formerly declared againft the Excife. ) 2 Thc moity o$ Goldfmiths-hatl* I Remainder of Bidiops Lands. 4 The Cuftoraes of fome Garrifont. 5ForreftLands. This Army brags Tjoej are the Saviours ( nay Conquerours ) of the Kingdom, Let them { though it fcems to be but for 20 years ) devcitcrhcM.ijc^ t King, fc$ ' The liittorj of 1 r ncle\)endey. c). King, his Heirs, and Succeflors, of the power of the Militia for c* ver,without hope of recovery but by repealing the faid Ac%whick will never be in his aor in their povver : for , Firft, it faith, That neither tk? King* JorHis Heirs, or Snccef. forsy nor any other '3fhail exercife any rower over the Militia by land or fca, bntfuch m ft ill ASl by aukr ity and approbate** ef the faid Lords an d Common s :Thatis 9n:CcmJ ittee rf Stale of twenty or thirty Grandees, to whom the two Hi u es (hall transfer this trufr, being over-awed by the Army, (for the ground -w.er* of this Committee was laud by thefe words y though the Committee be crededfince.) And Secondly, 't prohibited) the King, His Heirs and Suc- re (Tors, &c. after the expiration of the fa*d 20 years, to exercise any of the faid powers without the confent of the faid Lords and Commons, and in all cafes wherein the faid Lords and Commons (hall declare the fafetyof the Kingdom to be concerned after the faid 20 years expired , and (ball pafs any Bills for railing, Arming , &o Forces by Land or Sea , or concerning Leavying of Money, &c. if the Royal afTent to fuch Bils (hall not be given by fuch a time, eVc. then (uch Bils fo pa (fed by the Lords and Com- mons dial! have the force of A As of Parliament without the Roy- al affent. Lo, here a foundation laid to make an Ordinance of both Houfcs equal to a A St of Parliament 5 and take away the King's Negative Voice , if this be granted in one cafe-, it will be taken in another, and then the! ibbverters of our Religion, Laws, and Liberties, will turn their ufuipations into a legal Tyran- ny. 2 It gives an unlimited Power to the two Houfes to raife v. hat Forces, and what numbers for Land and Sea, and of w at perfons (without exceptions; they plcaie,and to implcy them as they ilial judge fit- 3 To raife what Money they pleafe for maintaining them, and in what fort they think fir, out of any mans Eftate. This is a Tax far more Arbitrary an4 unlimited than Shipmorcy, and the more terrible becaufe it depends upon the will :.nd pleaiure of a multitude ; who to flipport their own tyranny , and f&tiiik their own hunger after ether ixiens goods , may and do create a nm ujfity* and then nuke that nccejfity the laV? ami rnU of their aSti- ens The Tfijkry oflnuepe '& efts and onr/«?m«£r.befide$,they are but our fellow fubjefts that ufurp this Dominion over us , which aggravates the indignity. If the 24 Ccn/crvators of the Peace in B;n* 3. time, were thought a tirden to the Comoro, and called totldem ijranni\ what will our Grandees prove when the Perver of the Swcrdh theirs by Act of Ps.rlizmcH ? Befidts, if the King give them ha Sword , they may take all the reft of the Propositions demanded without a Treaty. £4 The BUlfcr acymry.mrr.t of barb tjeufri'to axj other place^drc. ? ! f( r 3C*' will enable the engaged Party of the two Houfes and Army to ad- &"™J|£J^ journ the two Houfes from time to time , to , or near the Head- a$\Vcil fa ' quarters of the Array : where thofe Members that refufe to en^pbeeas tennto the fame Engagement, fhali neither fit with accomodati- on nor iafety.and fo be ihaken orTat Jafhthis is a rew way of pur* gin£ tin Houfes. Befide*, the Parliament following the motions of the Army, the King fb >\\ follow the Parliament , whereby the Army having both King and Parliament prefent with them, what- soever artempt fhall be made againil: the Army ilull be faid to be againft the fafety and Authority of the King and Parliament, and a legal Treafoa , triable by Indictment , not a conftru&ive Trea- son only triable before the Lords. Note this MefTage to the King , vim Jignificat qutm loquitur \ though it holdeth forth but four Demands to open view, yet it includes five; for , if the King pafTe thefefour Bii* , asA&sof Parliament , either He muft do it by HisPerfonal Prefence in the Houfe of Peers, or by His Ccmmiffion under the Great Seal; and fo confequently muft confirm the Parliaments Great Seal , and all things dene by it, ( to the nullifying His ownGre.it Seal at Oxford, ) Kis perfonal prefence they will not admit ; for , though they pretended heretofore they took up Arms to bring the King to his Par Haw?-,:* .yet now they continue in Arms to \eep Him from His Parliament ,left the prefence of the true Sun Should obfeure fuch Meteors , and \ n\ as they are. TAough this may be Godly and Saint- like deaTSrig , yet is it not plain nor fair dealing , latet avgvis in herb*, there is Coloquintida> nay death in the f at. U nday 3 /*#. the Kings Anfoer to the faid B'ls and ProPcft- c^ fiWwas debated i n :h e Houfe of Com rnonj. And firft, Sir Th«m The Kings an. mm lVroib ( Uck/.dding to Pridemx the Poft-nufter ) had hisfwcr dcbat{** K 2 cue ( ^e tht Hiftorfof Indeptn*tncy. cue co go high, and fed the pnlfe of the Houfc ; who fpake to this purpofc. That Bedlam ft as appointed fir m*d-en\, es nd Tophet for Kings-, that our Kings of late had carried thtmfelvcs At if they were fit for noplace but Bedlam : that his humble motion fhould confift of three parts. 1 To (toirecht King* and keep him ohfi in fame inland Caff le with fur,- guards* 2 To draw up Articles of Impeachment aga nfi hi ft. 3 To lay himbj, and fettle the Kingdom Without him ; he c fired nor what form cf Government thsyfet up , fo it wen not by Kings and Dv vils, ThenComroiiTary Ireten (feeming tofpeak the fenfe of die Army , under the notion of many thoufand Godly men who had #.fnV&fpc*cl>; veEtu'cd their lives to iubdu their enemies)faid after this manner, 7 he K;n? had denied fifetj & yrotettion to his people by denying the fin '"Bills y £*; fnbjeBion to bint was but in lien of his proteclion to his people; ihu b*i»g denied^ they might ft 'ell deny anj more fubjettion to him , and fet tie the Kingdom without him : -hat it was now expe* 8 ( rcmrvri brought up the rear , and giving an ample Cha- Sttdch, rader of the valour, good afre&ions , and godlinefs of the Army, argued : Tl at it was now expelled the Parliament (hould govern and defend the Kingdom by their own power and refolurions t and not teach the people a^y longer to e \ petl fifty a*d government f, om an obfiinate man 9 whofe heart God had hardned : Th it thofe mere who had defended the Parliament from fi many hangers t*Ath the expence of their Blood , would defend them her eh with fidelity and courage against all oppofit ion* Teach them not by negletling jour own and the Kingdoms fafety ( in wheh thur own is involved ) to thinly themfelves betrayed, and left hsrtaftit to the rAge and mal:ct $f an irreconcilable enemy whomthry have jubdued for jour fikf ; and therefore are likely to find His future Government of 1 hem infupportable , and fuller $f Rtvengt than Infitcc, left dcipair teach them to feek^ their fifity by fime other means than adhering to yost, The Htfory of Fjutepefrdtncj. . 7 l yx , V?b$ Will Mfticlt tpjovrfclvtj; fir. A hoiv dlved , &c. That tkt powers formerly g*-anndby bjth Hjufss te the Commit ee ofbttle Kingdoms , ( viz. England ad Scotland J ivrelatipn to the twp Kingdoms of England a*d Ireland , be now granted and vetted i* the Members ej both Houfet mlj that art of that Committee y Veithpowe> to them alone, to put she fame in execution. The original Ordinance that firilere&cd this Committee, and to which this faid Ordinance relates , beareih date 7 February 1643 . in which the Englilh Committees were appointed from time to time, to propound to the Scociih Commiffioners wbatfocver they (hould receive in charge from both Houies , and to make report to both fcoufes, to direft the managing of the War, and to keep good corrclpondcncy with foren States y and to receive directions K 3 from from time to time from both Houfes , and to continue for three months and no longer, but tins Ordinance , 3 January 1 647, veils the faid power in the Members thereof only , and alone ; words excluding the two Houfcs ; and for a time indefinite. * There v, ere then added to this Committee Seat.PeiLL-Ji'barHmtJt.L.R'btrts, E arl of Effex. 22, Ian. following , the Lords will. Pienepwt, Sir Hm. Vm* hn. lent down a MefTage for a farther power to St^ilbert GcYc-A^x. <: U. tir^m^ ibis Committee • which was "ranted in theic So\.Oxrma*l,S*m. Br*mhNath*. Uhons *» England &+ a*d at Barwuk; and Pic dues Sr. Jo. Evilm ja ,ior. /*r *^2f pariefe the Committee to have poy?&]* fr- dented by the Presbyterian ration Twill 'y fay, that they h hei in, which thej have not formerly piMib race which time they. have 74 ifa Hiftcry of indefendtnrf. have taken, and caufed others to take the National Covenant* whereby they voft to maintain ths Zi*g* Per/en yCroX?n and Ttigni- ly yin di fence of Religion ^ Laws ^ and Liberties: and therefore to reprint only the fame things as Arguments to lay by the King, fa- vours more of ritfign , than justice. I will wade no farther in the cenfurc of the faid Declaration , left 1 imitate the Authors of it ; and as they by a feeble accufation have dune the King much right, To 1 by a weak defence fliould do him much wrong, Tne people were as ill fatisfied with this Declaration , as with The h- fie if s the * Votes ; wherefore (24 Feb. ) Mr. Speaker, with much Later conccr- ferioufnefs, preferred to the Houfc a Lerter cut of L*icefte*-(hir* mng th King, from ThowjU Haflertg, (brother to Sir Arthur ) which was read, to this purpofe , That there Was one Mr* Smalling > a Committee man 0/Xeiceiter- fhire,w/w had been a Deputy examintr in the Star- Chamber, and»ff:< med%that above twenty years finct there bting a fate in Star-Chamber between the Earl 0/Briftol Complainant, und the Dttks of Buckingham Defendant % concerning Phyfick pr*- fumpwonfly adminifredby the [aid Duke to King James ; the /aid Sm^Wing too l^many Defections therein^ and Was farther proceeding in the Examinee* ions % until a Warrant # figned by the King > W« bronght him, commanding h^m to furceafe^andto fend him tht Dtp** ■ fttiens Already ta^cn ; which Smalling did : yet ieaot notes by htm of the Principal pajfages, doubting Vohat farther proceedings might be hen after in a brifinefs offnch importance. Sir Henry Mil dm ay mo- ved that Smalling be fent for , and exam?ned upon Oath by the Committee that penned the faid Declaration ; but upon raotioa of the Presbytcrians,he was Ordered to be examined at the Com- mons Bar. Smalling came, produced the Warrant, but no Notes, fo this Chimara vanished. What the faid Committee would have made of this.who knows? God blefs us all from dandeftine examinations , efpecially when they are taken by parties pre ingaged. 3 Carets This bufinefs had been ventilated and examined a- gtio.ft the Duke ,and no mention made of poyfoning or killing King Jnmet ; it was then only called > An All of hijih pr< fumption and danger ou sc§n[iqutnc$ inthoDuJee: nor was there then the lcaft reflection upon King Charles-, yet cow becaufe King Chartn difTolred The Hi fiery of Independency, 7 5 diffolved that Parliament , the Independent party were willing to raifc a fufpition againft him concerning His Fathers death: wher- «s the accufation againft the Duke of Buckingham, 3 Car oil ^ con- tained 7 or 8 Charges againft him , the ieaft where of might occa- sion the diffolving of that Parliament. Thefe defperate courfes (to diftionour the Kixgyznd make Hira 74 uncapable of Government, to mine His Perfon, Crown and Dig- y^f ^c tn and reftore them again to His hand) un- king Himfelf and His Posterity forever , he carried up and down like a £h Iking Horfe to their Dcfigns , and be Crowned Lndlbno G&ron , axi Martial Law , Impeachments before the Lords , 4a4 unlimited fl&- verj. And I am confident this Fa&ion defpair of working upon the King., who like a Rock is m edits tutifiimnt undu , WLi:tib-::ver re- port they give out to the contrary , having from the beginning made lies their refuge , which being wifely forefeen by the King, He fenc a MefTage to bothHoufes, (by way of prevention) delive- red in the PaintedChamber by the Lords of Louderdalc ,onz of the Scots Commiflioners, confiding of three heads, I That He was taken from Holdenby again ft His will. z That thej Jbould maintain the Honour and Privileges of F,i;~ liamtnt* 3 That tr-cy fhtiild believe no Mefixge as caminrfrom Him da- ring His Reftraintinthe Arr?>y , but fhonld on lj/ credit yphat they received f 7 km His own mouth* Thefe Grandees have cheated all the interefts of the Kingdom, and have lately attempted the City again , and had the repulfe. But the King is their old Cuflomer, and hath been often chea- ted by them , and having him in ftrid cuftody , peradvencure they raayperfwade Him it is for Hisfarety to be deceived once more: wherefore f notwithstanding their many endeavours to root up Monarchy , dethrone the King , and His Pofterity , and ulurphis power; in order to which , they hive over-whelmed Him , and all His , with innumerable calamities and repKoaches) yet fince the parting o:~the Declaration againft the King , their defperatc condition hath enforced them t > make new AddrelTes in private to Him, rotwichftanding theirfour Votes inRifting the pentlie ofTreafonupo* the Infr inger li&ixXx&ifo is as natural to Crumpet, zsfalfe accvJing,proteftingy and Ijing ; he is fo fuper- lativ? a Traytor , that the Laws can lay no hold on him. Lieute- nant Colonel Lilbum in a verbal Charge delivered at the Com- mons Bar, accufed him of many Treafonable Acts, whkh he a- vowed to make good ; and in his 13ook,calkd, ATU-. *• bets Corpus \ But as i iCromWel were a Traytor cum priviitjio , L 2 "the ft The Hifiory of Independency. the Houfe of Commons, (being under their Armed Guards)dares take no notice of it. But the Roman Tribune faid to Scipio Africa' km, in Livy , Qui jus aquumferre non pteft f in eum v>m hand %»• juttanfore^ he that exalts himfelf above the Law, ought not to be protected by the Law* To conclude, Crom^el hath lately had private conference at Tarnlj*mw\t\\ Hammond* The Earl ofScHthamMo* hath been courted to negotiate with the King, and offered the two Speakers hands for his warrant. Capt> Titus taken into favour and imploycd that way. The Grandees have brought themfelves into a raift- , and now wander from one foolifh defign to another. The Spaniard is laid toforecaftinhis debates, what will hap- pen forty years after. But thefe publind Politicians do not forefce the event of their Council forty days, nay hours beforehand ; but it is a curfe-Jaid upon wicked men , to grope at noon day. DbaJs^n the Ab(>utthe5 or 6 of Ian. 1647. the Scots Commiffioners had Hou.Vf Q>B '- written certain Letters to the Houfe of Commons ; one whereof mens upon v. e repeat i 'ng the 4 Votes agxinfi the Kkg • propounded to know , Scots Lctte s^trhethsr theHoufes by their Votes \ 7 hat no per f on whatfoever do pre- \ Co"CCrn3nr:./^^^ to ma\eor receive any Application or addrefsto > or from the trs* King , would dt bar tk e Scots to ma\e or receive anj Addreffts tojr from Him, azdf$put an incapacity upon Him to perform atls of Go- vernment towards them. In the debate the Independents called to mind 3 more antient Vote , whereby it was Ordered , That the Scots might be admit ted to the King. Againft which was alle- ged , That thefe latter Votes , being male general, Without excep- tion , Repealed that former Vote. At hft by an interpretative Vote- it was concluded That notivithftaxdtng the (aid four latter Votes, the former Vote , That the Scots Commiffioners might make Ad- dreffn to the King, was ftill in force. Obierve that this was done four or five cfays after the Scots Comiffioners were on their way towards Scotland. * Concerning The fecond Letter was concerning 1 oooool. due by contract idpeooUue to to the Scots from the Parliament, whereof 5 ooooL was payable the Scats, by afiignment to divers Scots Gentlemen who had advanced mo- ney to haften the Scots Army to our relief; whereof I ooool t was gayabletothe Earl tfu4rgyle> Sir The Hiftorj oflndei ....' cy. 7f Sir Henry Mildmay made a long Speech in praife of ArgyU J. fav'ingTbat hi and bis party 9a*d the Scotijh C lergytwere tht only nun that upheld the Engli(h inter eft in Scotland, and were better friend's to us than all Scotland be fides : wherefore he moved, that j4ri)ls might be paid his i ooool. and the reft continued at inte- rcft , at 8 1. per cent, Prefently the whole Independent gang, with much zeal, and little difcretion,ran that way, until more mode- rate men (lopping them in full cry , minded them what difhonour and danger they might bring their friend into by laying him open cofufpition. 77 After this it was refol ved to fen 3 4 Commons and 2 Lords in- six commiffi- to Sco-land^s Commifiioners, with inftruftions. To fend all oners fen tint* Independents ,would not be acceptable ; 2. Presbyterian Ccmmo- Scetland. ners therefore were fenc,one whereof was fweetned with the guifc of 1 ccol. and an Office, before they would trufl him : with them were fentMr. Hearty and Mr. 'M-iyfha1. Afxrfial, when he faw Independency prevail, had fecretly tur- 78 ned his coat the wrong fide outward, and joyned intereft with M. Mr. M-hJJul, Nye ; but before he declared himfelf ,he was to do fome fervice for his pew party : wherefore when the Army looked with a threatning pofture upon the Parliament and City , before they marched through London , ( the common Souldiers being in fuch difcontent for want of pay , that they were teady to mutiny and disband , and their Officers fcarce daring to Govern them) the firft fruits of Marjhai's fervice to his new friends , was , to per- fwade the City to lend the Parliament 5 ooool. to pacifie the Soul- diers : alluring them by Letters , that the Army had nothing but govd thoughts towards the City , only the common Souldiers were troubled for want of Pay : After the City had laid down the faid 50000I, his next labour was , to perlwade the Citizens to let the Army march tht ough the City without oppiji^ion , for avoyding of blcedjhed and firing ; ana to let them pojfrft the Tower y and Line of Communication. After thefe fervices, the Grandees of the Parlia- ment and Army , finding him fukable to them , received him into an avowed favour f and then four Independents and four Presby- terian Divines (con joyning their Interefts)were fent to feafon the Army, and new tune them according to the more modem de • fign: Afarfbal was one,where, after he had preached according to 1 3 the - the Dictates of the Grandees of the two Houfes and Army for divers weeks , Mar/ha! was thought fit to attend the Comrmilio- Kei s into Scotland : He and Mailer Nye had been fent to Cayifi broke CafiU formerly v/ith thofe Cornrniffi oners that earn ed the 4 Oils to the King, and had 5ool.a piece given them for their jour- ney. Scotland^ longer journey, prom'fed a larger reward;it is good being a Poftilion of the Golpel a: iuch rates. The Sunday be ore lie went , lie preached at Margarets iVtft- minfier^nid as much cried up Presbytery and the Covenant there, as he had before fl ^hied thern in the Army. This was a Prepa- ration Ser< on, r.c make him acceptable to the Scots> that he might cajole thdri the eafier. Before he went he fenn [his Agents from houfe to houfe at ffc&mi;:j1tr , to beg mens good wills towards his journey. Ke was willing upon this pretence to get what he could from St. Margarets Parifh , v/here he found the people to grow ccld in their afftdionsjand contributions to him. VVherfoie having made his bargain before he went , to leave St. Margarets, and officiate in the Abby where he is to have ^col. per anntim cer- tain allowance , he would rob the /Egyptians at Saint Margarets for a parting blow. This Prieft married his own Daughter with the Book of Common prayer and a Ring,and gave for reafon^ hat the Statute efiablifhhg that Ltttdrgie Pas not yet repeated, cjrhc was loath to have his Daughter whored and turned back^, upon him for •want of a Legal Marriage : Yet he can declare againft all u e of it by others. He hath fo long curfed Mcroz, and neutrality jthat he hath brought Gods curfe upon the Land, and hath put Church and Commonwealth into a flxme, but himfelf and his Brat?; have Vearmc d their fingers at it : as Monies are decried or enhaunfed by the Kings Authority , fo is every mans Re!igion cried up cr down by Marlbd's authority and ftamp. About the 24 of Ftbru. the Anfwer to the Scots Declaration began to be debated in parts: in which D:bate the Covenant t€ was much undervalued , and called , An Almanack, out of Date* The Anfwer Nathaniel Fiennes argued againft it, That that claufc in the to the Scots ^ _ . _ f . , k. r% ? ~ in. , Declarations Covenant , [7fl Defend the Kings PerJo^^Crown^ana Dignity s &c*~} was inconfiftent with their four Votes 9 for making no Adireftes to the KING: To which was anfwered by forne, That 7 Ik Hificry of Jndepeh cm n. 8 1 Tkit then thtj Would rdinqnift) the four Votes and aahere to the Cr venant. About the beginning of March , was given co Col. Sydenham and Col Bingham i cool, a piece as pare of their Arrears ; their s° Accounts not yet dated. To the Lord Broghil :oooi. To Mr Fenmc&ool ibr loffes. To Mr, Aiilti*gton 2000I. for loffcs. To Members. Col. £'7« -icoci. not.withftandingit was moved he might firft account for Contribution money , the plunder of the Country a- ftout n indfor , and the Kings Houftiold-ftufF, Hangings, Linnen, and Bedding. Mr. Paris the Petty-bag office, befides icocl. for- merly given him. To VartVs -on, the Clerk of the Peaces place, and 1 ool. a year : all Independents, The 7 of March, an Ordinance pafTed the Commons to fettle gT 2500I. a year land, out of the Marquefs oU-Vorcesiers eftate , up- crowd. on Lieut. Gen. Oliver CromweL I have heard fome Gentlemen, that know the Manner o?Ch?pftoty , and the red of the Lands {qi^- led upon him, affirm , that in the particulars the faid lands are fo favourably rated , that they are worth 5000I. or £ocol.a year: It is farther faid thole lands are bravely wooded. You fee though they have not made King CHARLES a glori ,ns Kiug \ as they promifed,yet they have fetled a Crown J&vexm uyonO liver ^ and have made him as great: and glorious a K. as ever i')hn ofLeyden w;s. Wonder not that they confpire to keep up this Army , as well to make good thefe Largeffes , as to keep their guilty heads upon their Shoulders* Thurfday 9 • < *rcht the Lords fent a Meffage to the Houfe of 2% Commons , '•' 0 d fire their concurrence to the lngagement ofthofe A Mefl'>«e fro Members that fled to \ he Army , to live and die with the Army* It the Lo^» defi- Was debated all day untill 7 of the clock at night; and at lafl the nng thc Com~ queftion put, Thai this Houfe doth approve the fnbfcriprion of ihe *re°"! tQ0™^" faid Aft mhers to the faid Ingagement. The Houfe divided upon Ingagemsnt of the queftion, /which in Law araounterh to a ConfeffioR of the Crime. c 5 <5 The Agitators tel you in Derby-houfe Projecls , pag.7. That : temper of tfa Engagement was fent down to the Commons to try the temper of the Heufe tri- > T* r i>r 1 tj r 1 1 1 r t ^ r r cd hid the In- nouje, cmdijthe Hon\e had not approved of the Engagement ythe gagernenr no* ^efolution °f their fecret Counfcl w.ts t» fly to their Arms , and bt'en approved, w^4|P anew Charge again ft their principal opvofers 3 for they ac- * new Charge knowledge amongft themfelves, 7 bat they Rule by Power only9ar.d rom the Arm/ tfoaf. tfo HCPffe 0f Commons is no l&nger theirs than they overawe them, andthdt they fear the Critical day will come which Will disco- ver the Parliament to be hq longer theirs than while they have a fo ce upon it. As men ready to fink embrace every fbadow of heJp, and catch hold of leaves, twigs, and bulru(hes,to fupport them; (0 tbefe de- iperateand purblind prote&ors , having engaged themfelvesin a way of Tyranny, out of which they can find no ifliie, lay hold of frivolous inventions to peeceupfrom time to time their ill- laid defigns , like the man in the parable , That patched up his old Gar- 9 ment with new clout h which breaking out again left th? rent wider than it was before* Their lad projeft was to mite alllntercfts in the Houfes , City , and Army ; To which purpofe Cromwel ( the heavieft, bafeft, and . ** mod ridiculousTyrant that ever any nobleNation groned under) nait^all i^e.™3^ a Speech in the Houfe of Commons : To which was An- iz&i. fwercd , That the Members were chofen and trnsled l>j the people , topurfne one common Inter eft9 which was, the common goodjbefafe- ty and JJbtrty (fthe Pcvplet*nd wfofcevcr hak any peculiar I nt ere ft eccentric^ The Hiftory of Independency'* $$ .tccenttickj'omtkat > was not fit to fit in that A§embty\*nd deftr. Vgd to be called t a a [trill account by thofe that trufted him. Obfeive, chat the exteat of this project was to con/oyn thefe ^m Inter efts from upholding the greatndfe of the Grandees, in Seethe Argu- the Parliament, City, and Army, for in all three the vulger multi- Sl^crommo- tude, and the more modell and honeft fort, are but in the famedatbnbuwceu condition with other men: the Parliament bearing the Authority , the City and the Army the Sword, and the City the/>«r£. G:jadees,&c. The/?ry?,ihill be the Task-matters, and irapofe T/ibute. Sbf^fe Iteftcondy the Sheriffs, o* rather free- booters , to ieavyit ty to the Oty ," diftreffe; . printed sz ihc And the third, the Brokers, to receive and buy it cfT. !««* ena oi But it plcafed God to beftow fo much providence and integrity lllis Book' upon the City, that when upon Saturday 8. tsSpril, 1 6^6»Cromwel and his fellow Grandees offered this temptation ( at a Comraon- Councel) to them, The City grew wifer than our firft Parents \ and rejected the Serpent and his fubtikies , infomuch that Cromwel netted with the affront , called his Solicitor Glover to account by what Authority he had offered the restitution of the Tower and Militia , and the inlargement of their accufed Aldermen: who anfwered, he did it by his Authority , and delivered him a Warrant to that purpofe , (pned by Sir Thomas V air f ax Q liver Cromwell) Mr. Solicitor,and young Sir Henry Vanct which Cromwell hid the impudence to put in his pocket, Cromwell had felt the pulfe of the City long before by his A* gents Glover and Catkins , and found them averfe from comply 8*e ing with him ; wherefore ( being a man of an early, as well as an ^ AI° implacable malice ) he (by the advice of the Committee oi Derby- prcruices into hottfe)ca{k about with the Schifmatical Lord Mayor Warner , f he a Tumult. that raifed the ridiculous Tumult at Chriftmas about Rofemary and B ye?, a man that had been chofen Mayor by power of Par- liament, ( out of courfe ) to carry on the defign of the faction ) - and with theLieutenjnt of the Tower, how to put the City into fomc diftemper , of which they might take advantage. The Citi- zens were well acquainted with their jugling tricks, they had no hopes to work upon them : wherefore they contrived how to put a provocation upon the filly Apprentice Boys , and put them M forth ?4 . ' ' Tfje Hi(l°ry of Independency. forth into fonw rafh acYton, of which they might make ufc to carry on their defignes ag-inft the whole City ; wherefore upon Eafter-day, 1648- in the evening forae few apprentices playing in Finnisbury fields , (ome Soddiets were Tent to drive them away ; which they did , and irr.priioned fomc of them for not readily 0. beying : upon Sunday following T 9 Afril^ divers A pprentices be- ing at play ( according to cuftome ) in Moor-fields , the Mayor fent Capt Gdi ( ore of the new Captains of tte Hamlets, a Silk. Thrower, and a Tub-preacher, and one that ran away at thefighc at Newbury tyafh, and hid faimfelf in a Ditch, as my L. Wharton at theBatdeof Ksynton hid himfUf in a Saw- pit) thither to difturb them, withabouc 50 or 60 of his Trained Bind, and no more 5 (that he might the better e; courage the Eoys to rekft him ) who (iiriily asking them Whit they 'did there f feme of them anfwered, they d d no barm but only plaj ; and fine 'e all Holy dayes have bee* Voted down, 1 hey had no other time cf Recreation: The Captain in- folendy commanded them to be gone ; trey replyed, he had no authority fo to do^ and continued playing: whereupon the Captain commanded his Mufquetiers to [hoot amor.gfi them; which they forbearing, be cook a Mufquet himfclf , anddifch arged amongft them, when prefently 1 wo or three fchifmatical.Mufquetiers of his Company following his example $ difcharged upon them 1 ike wife, and killed ( or , as the Schi'maticks fay, wounded only ) one of the Baye»: whereat the Boys making a great out-cry, more company gathered to them , and fo with ftones , brick-bats, and flicks, they difperfed the Trained Band, and at laft got their Colours , and iuftsntly in a childifh jollity marched ( un-armed as they were ) towards the Metres , when preitntly a party of Horfe ( ready prepared for this forelaid defign ) met them , charged 9 at d with cafe routed them ; Cromwel himlelr animating the Troopers to (ho»t ar.dfiit them, and ,0 (pare neither man woman nor child. All Sunday night the Apprentices kept in a body in the Ci- ty , lotkea the City gates , bur. let no guards upon them; where- by you may fee this bnfineffe proceeded meet ly from the raft and unpremeditated folly of Children, not from the advice or Men: howfoever the Independent ftdfton in the Houfe of Commons have fince aggravated it : to countenance ti errfortrre cruelty and rapines upon the City. Monday morning Sir Tko.F«hfaxient a The Htftory of Independency %j ftrong parry into the City , who fell upon the Boyifh rabble* rou- ted and killed many , and (h<*t pooi Women great with Child , fitting in their (tails, oiiewhe?t:Oi he Quid lived two hours in her belly afieu htr brains wck (hot out *. a man like wife not knowing of their coming , as he was d'^nHng M Ik at me cor- . nerofaftrtet, was(bot(asitltere)!nipoft: a^theyrid, they cryed, Cuckula: ki ? /W Houps , cu'ti^g and wounding all they met ; Cromwel (who fcilcwed in the Rcer fafe enough ; the Van having cleered the iireets before him ) cried out to them to Fire the C itj. On Oliver 1 what a barbaious John of Ley den art thou become ? On London 1 how wretched a Munftcr wile thou be- come? atlafttheydov: :ho^e filly unarmed wretches into Lea- den.hall , and took many of them Priicnier* 9 none ©f the Trai- ned Bands, nor Citizens, appearing to help thofe poor Boy s, but leaving the Souldiers to get a bloody and boyifh Triumph o- ver them , as they pleated ; they arc now imprifoncd in Crom~ welsfozmbtesrt White* hail. This is the truth of the bufinetfe, notwithstanding , the long-winded lying report made by Alder- man Fottks^i the Commons Bar-.a man that hath feathet'd his neft well thefe referable times , and hath roach publick money (licking to his fingers j who, when he gave in his accompt before the Ge- neral Committee of Accounts , refuled to give it in upon Oath , ( as other men did ) alleging Magna Charta , that no m>n Was bound to cccnje kimfelf. It fhould feem he had fcmethir.g in his Confcience that would not endure the teft or an Oath : but he is one of the Godly, and therefore the good things of this world belong unto him. The Houfe of Commons ( upon this occafion ) gave loco l.to the Souldiers for their valorous exploit , and Voted icoo Foot , and ioo Horfe to be kept in the 1 over* The Garrifor s of White- />*#andthe^e»vJtobe ftrengtbned : 3 Barges capable of 50 Mufqetiers apiece to lie at Whitehall for the Souldiers to convey themfelves to any landing- pi rce to difperfe fuch watermen as (hall alTemble : The City Chains to be taken -away from their Pods, and a Commiflion of Oyer and Terminer to iffne forth to murder more of thefe Chiiuren legally* The Mayor having kindled this fire in the City , dole out at a window dilguifed , and hid his foolifli hsad in the Towers M2 The to The H/flory of Independency The Houfc of Commons ( over-ruled by the Grandees ) Voted a day of thankfgiving for this delivery. So bold are thefe Saints , as no mock Gods holy name with impious devotions to colour tbeir defign?. S^ The Lord ln:hiqxiyj, present of Munjter, and General of the The Lf id m- Army there , had a long time been heaved at by the Independent chiqian. facTion. The Lord L\(li ,( who gap3d after h's imploymcnc )'. Sir Uhn Temple, Crcm^cll, the Lord BrettghaU, S's Arthur and Sir A&amLoftus i and others : who by obft ruling all fuppiiesof M^ney, Ammunition, Victual, Ooathes, laboured to muti- ny and disband his Army , that they might fend Schifmatkks of their own party to Lord it there,as they do-here,and keep Ireland as a Retreat for the Saints-.r'or the better effecting whe eof they fent over many EmiiTaries, whom they had commended to him, to be officers in his Army. When this would not doe , they Prin- ted fcandaious Articles againft him, and put infinite provocati- ons upon him to incite him to doe that which they falfly accufed him to. have done already • But the many gallant fervices he per* formed fince the pubhfliing thofe Articles gave them the lie , and confuted ail their flanders.6 at lad ( under colour of fending a fupply of forces to him) they projected to furprife him, and bring him away prifoner; fo that he hadi fuffered all thecon- vuKions that treacherous friends, and malicious enemies could put upon him. And lately ( for the more clofe conveyance of the defign ) the Houfes fent three Ccxnmifiioners towards Ire land , to furvey his Actions • but ( as if it were purpofely done ) when the Commifii oners came as far on thdr way as Briftol , about a dozen renegado Officers of his Army met the Commtfti- oners and turned them back again. The faid Officers polled up to the Parliament before the CommiOSoners 5 and the i 3 April were called in to the Commons Bar , where they made a relation to the Houfe to this purpofe ; That the Lord Inchlquin having made an expedition into the County of Kerry , upon \vs return , fent for thefe Officers into his prefence Chamber , and told them, He intended to declare againfi the Army and Independent party in England , Veho kept the King and Parliament under a force , 7 hat he would Hand for the Liberty of the King and ''arliam.nt, and a free Conference to fettle Peace-, and that he expelled allhx Officers Jhotild The Hiflory oflndepejidincj, <$7 U joy n with him in fo honourable an undertakings but fhould takj <*n Oath of fccrfcy before he di fewer d bimf'if 'father to them* - They Aofwcrcd, They could maks nofuch Oath before tbyn, he difmiflcd 'hem for England* The fame day L . ;rs (torn Cap:. John Crowthtn(y icc~ Admiral of the Ir'ft Seas^frorh * ftjipbaard, were read in the Houfe, much ro the fame pu^pofe, though nor. fo large : wherein he faid , He had already blocked up all my Lrrd, Inchiquin's Havens*. Prefently Aden the Goidfmith moved , Tha firice the lord In- dvquin had difc over ed that he had a correppondsrey frith the Prep A>)en t^e byterians in the Houfe^ before they dealt with their Enemies with' Go!They were unwilling to d; vide upon fiich a queftion ; but: Mr. Stephens perfifted 5 and Robert Reynolds N 3 faid ition. §g The Ilificry of Independency* faid aloud, notice (hull be taken of him for putting fucb a d; (honour nponthe Hovfe* Vpon tbc Divifion , therJNoes carried it by nine voices. Tne re: upon, complaint was made againft Reynolds 3 for Attempting againft the liberty of fating^ but no redrerfe. But ro returns from ray digreffion: the rrxc day ( 1 4 of April ) it was moved chat my Lord Inchiquins Son t a Child of 8 or 9 year* old , going to School at Thifllcworth 9 might be fecured tn the Tower and kept for* Hoflage. To which was Anfwered, That no man could take an Hoftage without confenti an Hoftage mu$ be given upon the publique faithjtpon feme ftifulatiox^ and mufl befo received, by mutual agreement; you cannot punifh the child for the Fathers faulty yet fee was voted co the Tower, and fenc. My Lord Incbiquin's Commraiffion as Prtfidentof Munfter , and General of the Array j Voted void, and no man to obey him, himfelf Voted ^Traitor; yet no man examined upon Oath againft him, nor any man fent to take information of the bufineiT; into Ireland, and his proftflfed enemy the Lord Lifle , is to go General into Munfter in his room ; and the faid fugitive Officer* all rewarded, as if they had brought atcepcabie nevys. This day Reynolds Revived Aliens motion for putting the Mem* hers to the Teft, by fome Covenant % Protestation , or Declaration, fubfcribedtThat this is a free 'Parliament ,and that they would live and die with this Parliament and Army: To which was anfwere^, 1. That by Ordinance of bothHoufes , all men were enjoy ned to take the National Covenant.This Covenant is the true Touch- ftone of the Parliament, andfo agreed upon by the wifdom of both Nations j yet many fie here who refute to obey this Ordi- nance: I know no reafon therefore why any man ftiould obey you in any other Ordinance of this Nature; let us keep the old Cove- nant before we takea ny new. 2. It hath been moved intheHoufe, that theOathesoflufti- ces of Peace, and Sheriff* might be taken away: 1 hop.? you will not abolifh legal Oaches , and impofe iikgal Oathes. This Koufe hath not fo much Authority , as to adminifter an Oath , much more to impofe one ; you mull allow to others that liberty of Conference which you demand for your fdves. 3 . Major Gray told you my Lord Inchiquin faid he had cor- refpondency with all the Presbyterian* in the Houfe, who had made 7f;# Hiftory of Indefender.cf. %$ made their peace with the King. Bat my I ord lucbiquinto\& him farther , the Independents were upon Treaty with Often Roe, and 0*eatf let them clear therafelves of thac imputation firft before they give a purgation unto others , oiherwiie what you do will favour of force. 4. The true Touch-fione to try every mans integrity is to exa- mine who have inrichrd chemfelves by th-e calamities of the times and your fervice , and who are impovetifhed. 5. Thh is a new device to parge the Hcufe. The Grandees of rhe Houfe hive canconized the Kingdom be- tween tthem , every man ta his Diviflon preceding the Country Committees , and receiving tribute from them in levompence of their protection ; and Prideaux theP< ft-mafter being Kmg of the _, bounties Weft Saxoxs, his Vice-roy 01 F,ord Deputy for the County of So- Co!^Deii. a co tnerfet is that running Col. lohn Fyne , who being often infpired mt thinks to with Sack , rules the Committee and County by in.ipiranons.77w* 3*e Houfes for andhisP.ersoftheCommirte, to pleafc his faperiours , fee oh their Vous^- foot a draught of a PiHtim to be ha* dedby the Country, Gi- &aintl the Kd * ving thanks to the Parliament for the far Votes again ft the King, and prcmifmg to live and die ^ith the Parliament and Army, and de firing the County might be freed from Malignant s,N f enter syand Apoftates^ which ( in their interpretation ) fignifns Presbyterians and moderate men , *vho will not dance about the flame when the Independents make a Bonfire of the Common-wealth. The Ea- ftern Divifion of Somerfet^fhire rejeded the Petition 5 in the Weftern Divifion Pyne and his Committee fending abroad his Sequtftrators with the Petition, f threatned to take them for Mi- hgnants , and Sequefter them that refufed)got many Subferiprion?; but the Subfcribersfince( better informed of the danger and mil- chief of thofe Votes) retracted what they had done by a com- ter Petiion , wherein they dechre , th:it their Subfcrtpion to the former Petition W as contrary to their Judgement and CenfcienceS) andextsrted by the terror of Sequeftrators , and threats of being Seqttettred.This affront ftung the Conamirtee,and opened the tys of the Country: As the like foolifh attempt of Sir Henry Afi/dmxy did the eys of the County of EJfex, Wh refore to find a Planter for this broken p;te? Sergeant Wild ( he thar hsng'd Cspr. Burly ) coming that Circuit 3 ca^e was taken to have a felect Grand- Tury 5>o The H/jloyyoflndepexclency. Iaqrof Scnifigiaticks and Sequeftrators blended together i wh© made a preferment fubfcribed by ip of their hands , which Ser- geant tf^preferved in his pocket; and upon Tucfday 18 April* delivered with as much gravity as a fet fpeech ard a fet ruffe could furnifh hira withall in the Hoofe of Common?, and wjsread aid hcarkned unto by the thriving Godly, with as much attention, as pricking tip of eares, and turning up of eyes could demonfUace : the Contents of this preferment were the fame with the aforefaid revoked Petition. Great care was taken to give thanks to the High Sheilffana Grand Iury, who had fo freely delivered the fence of that wei- affected County: and a^ much care taken to improve this Talent and put if to imereft thonghouc the King- dom. Collonel Pure fay is cow at his work in Warwick? fare. Sir Arthur 'Hajlerig about Newcafile , others ia other places. Pitiful Crutches to fupport a ctipled reputation, which now halts* and begs for relief woife than their own maimed Souldiers do , and with as bad fuccefs, they have juggled thernfeives out of credit, and would fain juggle themfclves in again. Behold the wifdom of our Grandees , wife, religiou?, new-modelled Politicians, who have brought themfelvcs and the whole Kingdom into thefe de- plorable , contemptible {baits - take notice of your Reprefenta- tive , you that are eprefented, call them to a feafonable account: But whether doth my zeal carry me? I fhall anon ftumble upon a new fangled Treafon to be declared agair.ft me,without , nay a- gainftLaw. r . Friday li. Afrit y An Ordinance was prefented to the Houfe , Mens toneues intituled, Tor jupfrejfingall Tumults and infurre El ions (the Com- tied up by an mittee of Safety at "Derby Heufe had before an ample power con- Ordinance, ferred upon them for that purpofe ; but guilty conlciences,though they be fafe , are never fecure ; like Cain , they think that every man will flay them ) it was palTed after fome amendments to this purpofe , That any three Committee-men (ball have Power to Imm frtfon and Sequester all fitch as {hall atlu.tHy adhere to any that fhall raife or endeavour to raife Tumults and I»furrecliow,or Jhall jpeak^or publifh any thing reproachful to the Parliament , or their freceedings. Behold here an escife ( amounting co the Value of all you have) fet upon every light word; a man made, an offender for a word, co the utter ruine of hira and his pofterity , under colour The Hi Ft cry of Independency . 9 i colour of defending Laws, Liberties ,and Properties,you art chea- ted ofthemall,nn& reduced to racer and abfolute/Z iverj and beg* gery : you are not Mafters of your owncarcafljs, yet your mouths arc buttoned up; yourauftnot beallowej ihat iilly comfort of venting your griets by way of complaint ; what Tyrant was ever fo barbarous, foindifcrett as to do the like? Ic was moved that Offenders of this kind might be bound to the good behaviour , and the c flf.nees proved openly at the Affizes or Seffions , before fodeftiuclivea punifhment be ir.flicled. There are three princi- ples in Law , of which the Laws are very tender, and will not fuf- fec them to be touched but upon great Off.nces, cleer proofs , and exacl formalities obferved , Ufe% liberty mdeftate , by Wag*a Charta} the Petition of Right, and many other Scatutes,thr fe prin- ciples are fo facred , that nothing but the Law can meddle with them , Nemo imprif«net*r am difitificwr mf per legale indicium fariumfuorum. You have made the people (hed their money and blood abundantly, pretending defence o£Rcligion% Laws and Li- berties ; let them now at lait ( being a time of peace ) enjoy what :hey have fo dearly paid for 3 and dciay them not with a pretencd neccflity of your own making ; you now make all that is , or can be neer and deer to them , liable to the paffions or three Committee-men, to judge and execute according to their difcrcti- on , without Law , or fo much as a formality thereof J And yet both Houfes of Parliament have often heretofore offered to abolifh thofe Committees, as men whofe wickednclTe and folly they and the whole Kingdom were aflhamed of. The Grandees of the Parliament and Army, when the Houfes are called, and full, have refoived to draw their forces neer about the Town , and by that terrour to trie the temper of the Houfes; fuch Members as will not comply with them, they will with frcfti Charges purge out of the Houfe, and publ (h bife and infamous fcandals againft them, to which if they fubmit with (ilence, they betray their re- putations for ever , and fpare the credits of their fugling enemies; jfthey make any defence for their honours by way of Apology, they (hill be brought within the compafle of this devouring, in- flaving Ordinance , as men that reproach the Parliament , and their Proceedings* Thus the lame whip fhall hang over the (holders of the Presbyterian party , ( who will not agree to King*dc?of\ng N Anarchy 91 CO The Kcntifli The Hiflorj c>f Independency. Anarclj andSchifm) as k did formerly over the Kings partjv And the Presbyterians foall be fqueefed into the Independents coffers , as formerly the Kings party were, fo long as they had a- ny thing tolofe5 for the whole eaith is little enough for th^fe Saints , who are never fati-fied wish money and blood , although ihcy never look towards Heaven but through the fpeclacles of this world. The old elogiumm& Character of ch s E^glifb Nation wa%th3t. they were Hilar is gens, etii libera mens Qr libera Ungua% B.it now ( Country-men ) your tongue5 are in the Stocks , your bodies in every gaele, your fouls in the dark , and eftates in the mercy of thofe that h.ve no mercy, and at the difcretionsof thofe that have no discretion : Farewell Englifh liberty. In the Epiftle to this book, I hive given you an account of the bloody Anfwer given to the Surrey Petitioners , May 1 6. 164$. Committee" I mu& in the ncxC Placc *Peak ^omccning °f l°e Kentijh Petition , War, and of the Committee-war they rayfed to oppofe it ; which took his riling and beginning partly from the lniolencies and oppreffi- ons of their tyrannical Committee-men, (pei fons for the moft part of weak fortunes , and weaker wits ) and partly from the frantick zeal of the Mayor of Canterbury (who for his Religion , pru- dence and honefly , may well be younger brother to Warner Lord Mayor of London ) upon Chriftmas day, 1 648 . fundry peo* pic going to the Church of Canterbury to folemnize that day,were uncivily interrogated, and roughly handled by the Mayor , as if it were fuperftition , nay impiety to (erve God on that day ; or as if fome dayes were exempted from fervirg God, as fome days are exempted from worldly labour: This grew to a Tumult, which the Committee of the County hearing, they prefently gathered forces to make oftentation of their power in iupprefijng it, but were pre- vented by intelligence that all was quiet ; but this quietnelTe was rather a truce, than a lafting peace, a defire of revenge againft the Mayor for wounding fome of the People, like fire hid under aflies, broke forth two dayes after, but was prefently pacified by the dif- creet indeavours of Sir w% Man% Aid, Sabin,znd Mr. LovsUce a Lawyer. The Committee of that County prefently ifombte forces, with which(togethcr with their Chaplins and other inftruments of war)they march to reduce the City ,and ( though they had newes tljat all yoa$ appea/id)yet would they not believe it , but conti- nued The Uiftcry of Independency. 9$ nucd their march in triumph; where finding the Gates open, they took them oil and burnt them , threw down part of their Walls thereby degrading the Ciry,and turning it into a ViJbge, as a trophy of their high indignation; committed many to Pri- fon upon light fufpiiions , araongft whom, the aforefaid $ Peace- makers, for being fo fancy as to compofe the difference, and thereby deprive their highmjfes of a Triumphant Vidory. For thefe upftarc Committees mounted above the Sphere of thdr a- ftivity , and hiving ftolen his Majefties Sword ( His principil marke or Soveraignty wherewith he prott&s his people ) out of his Scabbard, know not how to ure it , but to the definition of the people: like ill-natured Children, they have gotten a gay thing, ardmuftdo mifchiefwithit. And for farther magnifying of their pewer to the Country , and their diligence to the Parlia- ment > they charged the prisoners with High Treafon , and fo forgot them languiihing in Gaol , had not thole Gentlemen re- merlrred themlelves and clamoured for a Trial • which at lail •/as granted them by a Commiffion of Oyer and Ttcrmlr.tr to Sergeant Wjld^ and Sergeant Crtfire/li the Iuries were men known to be wel-aff.c3ed to the Parliament , who found Ignore mm upon the Bill, and ( notwkhftanding many checks and taunts from the Committee , and the refufing of the return ) adhered, to that the Court adjourned for fome months ; Hereupon the Kcn- ti(h men fearing the tyrannical difpofition of their Committees , confulted with the faid Grand Iury upon the place concerning a Petition to the Parliaifieut/ar Pence , to end our diftracTnons $ which Petition was fubferibed by the Grand Iury, in the name of the whole County. Tfae Committee jealous that thefe things would hearten the People, and loofen the bond ©f that tiavifh fear, wherein they had hitherto held them captive , printed , and cau- fed to be published in all Churches a Paper prohibiting the lame Petition, and branding it with the name tffeditiow And tumulttt- •/#,laying, they wottldkang tVvo in every Pari{h that Vcere prcmo- ters of it , and fequefter the refl. A^d endeavoured firft to raife forces in the County ; but at laftraade their complaint to the Ar- my. When tht Country faw their juft defires like to be'fuppmfed by Aims , and themielves to be ftill Committee-ridden, they refolved upon a place of meeting to promote their Petition , and Na to p4 77-tf Hijlory of Independence . to come Armed thither for their own defence only. But the County Committee plied their bufineffe fo well with the Com- mittee of Derby Hotife and the Army, that they fi rft drew a par- ty of Horfe into the County, who committed many murders ac- cording to Cuftorae, and then the whole Array which a: Blacky heath encamped on the fame place Ahere the Petinoncrs intended to Rendezjvjttzj* Sotherefult of all is but this : The whole County of Kent oppreifed by a tyrannous Committee, and a lirtgring war, now likely to be renewed ,prepare to prefent a Petition to the Par- liament/^ Pew , and had appointed a day and p!ace of meeting, which by reafonofthe large extent of the County they could not akeratthe pleafure of the Committee : and being terrified by the menaces and warlike preparations of the faid Committee , brought their Arms with them in order only to felf-defence 9 ( allowed by the Laws of God and Man , and by the dodrine and pradiceof (his Parliament and Army ; and peradventure induced thereto by the fad MalTacre of the Surrj Petitioners ) The Com- mittee to fupport their ufurped , illegal authority, invite an Array co break in upon them wither* and/aw*/, and fo enforced them upon thoughts and a&ions of War , never before thought on : a* will appear. i> Becaufe many of the Petitioners went home the next day af- ter the Rendezvous,. t. The County had provided no Gencra!,nor no old Coraman. ders. 3. They never thought of forming an Army until Sir Tbo.Frir. fax was ftorming one of their Town?. 4. The Kentifh-mert were compelled to take in Sandwhich^ni. the 3 Caftles , left they ftiould fall upon the backs of them when the Army marched againft them; yet did they hurt no man in per- fon or goods: which argued a peaceable difpofiuon , ayming only at defences Thus you fee a whole County always wcU aftecled to the Parliament, complaining of a few Independent fe- clary Committee-men, Sequestrators , &c. for infinite oppreffi- ons and cheats dayly committed : they beiag weighed in the fcales together , the whole County are thought too light for want of an impartial holding the ballance even: one prudential confutation 7 that they muft not difcountenance their friends (as The Hi Jory of Independency. ( as they call the Committee ) and fomething elfe mo:e fubftanti- ai,being put upan the Committees fcale.hoyfeth the whole Coun- ty into the ayr. And when the Pai foments Army was at Black- bcathyThz County fending fome of their Gentry with Petitionary Lccters to the Houfe of Commons, declaring thi }e;cc*bievt\Je of their iiclinatins , their continued obedience to the Houfet^ and it defin their grievances againfi thtir Committee might bepn: into a •may of examination and redrtfe 3 they cculd ob:ain no other Au- fwe: (the fchifmatical ingaged party overpo wring the Houfe with the near approach of their own Aimy, for ir is no bodies cife ) thin, that they would fend thtm an a*fx»er by their Genera^ which was as miuh as if they had faid, They -would fendan anffter by the Executioner : the terror of this anfwer made the County cefpt- rately ingige in an unpremeditated War , for wnich they Were wholy unprovided, as the irrefohne and diftrafted niana. gingofitmakesmanifeft. But this advantage was greedily laid hold of by the Snn:s , to raviih a victory from the Country, which they were reiolved to ufe with fo much fecrecy and foicmn cruelty , that the example thereof ftouliftrike an awfullntiTe' in- to the hearts of all that (bould hear of it t and beget a flivifh fear in the whole kingdome to fubrait to the laying afide of the KING , and his Negative Voice , and the eftablifhing of a tyrannical Oligarchy , in the Grandees of the two Houfes and Army • for finding the whole Kingdome to hate them with a perfed hatred , they have no hope to govern by Love , but by Fear- which (according to the Tutkifh rule ) is more predomi- nant and conftant patfion. And cercainly had not Goring's pafl fi.igoverat Greenwich \nio Ejftx compelled Fairfax to follow immediatlyafce; with his Army , theylnd been ufrd with much extremity: infomweh that Weaver, (a member, fuller of zeal thanwifdom, though wife enough for his own prcfi: , as moft Saints and Knaves are ) moved in the Houfe, That all Kent might be feq'ieftred-Jbecaufe they hai iebelled>andall EiTcx, becaufe they ■would rebell. And tru!y this is as good a way as Cromwel'% felling his Welch Prifoners for 1 2 d. a head to be tranfported into barba- rous Plantations , whereby to expeli :he Canaanites f and make new plantations in old England for the GoiMy , the feed of the Fiichfull : for this faction ( like the Divili ) cry, all is mine N3 27, May $'& The Hifiory of Independency* ft 17* May* A friend of my Lords Say9s moved in the Houfe of Binkary-caflie CommonsfThat Bimbury- Caftie might be demolifbed to prevent- a thcr"srreUpfin *! S"rPrife thereof hi Malignant!, laying, *V had already cofl the State locoooLto reduce it>and had, undone the Country Which was unable to pay for it: it belonged to a Noble,Godly perjonfhe L.Say, and it was not fir to dcmolifh it without his confent and recommence * it Was therefore de fired the State fihould bear the charge^ his Lord- (hip being willing to fell it for 2000!. To which was anfwered , That other Wetl-ajfebled Gentlemen had their Houfe s defiroyedfor fcrvice of the State , Without rccompence , not Jo well provided to bear the lofs as my Lord Say;4f Mr* Charles Doy\y,two handfome habitable Houfes, Mr. Vachell, /*>;#* Houfes iV Reading , and o* ehers well deferring cfthe State% though not of thtmfclvet. This Cartle was unhabitable, a rude heap or (lone?, a publick mifance to the Country. Ic coft his Lordfhip but 500L and now to obtrude it upon the State at 2000L price, in fo great a fcarcity and want of mony, the Kingdom groaning under Taxes , was not reafonable. So Divine providence not faying Amen to it, this Cheat faded like the untimely birth of a Woman. About the beginning of I me , a debate hapned in the Houfe of The Impeach- Commons about the four imprifoned Aldermen, occafioned by a ed Lords Petition from the Cicy, and concerning the impeached Lords and Members and Commons. Mr. Gewen fpake raodeftly in their behalf/aying/T/W Aldermen. what they did was done by virtue of an Ordinance of 'Parliament made this very $ejfions of Parliament , and without any intent to raife a new war9 but only to defend the City againfl the menaces of the Army marchtng up again ft them and the Parliament. But Mr. Gourdonl* man hot enough for his zeal to fet a Kingdom on fire) Anfwered,H* thought they intended a new War, and were encoura* ged* thereto by the Gentlemin that fpake lafi; wh:n he f aid to them at their Common Council, Vp and be doing: Mr.fTWi^r (perceiving hlv.Getoen to be cauflefly reflected upon) reply ed that fine e this de- bate upon the City Petition tended towards a clofing up ofalldiffe- renccsjt Was unfit ymen that fpake their confidences freely and mo- de fi ly Should be upbraided With Repetitions tending to dlf-union , and defired men might not be permitted to vent their malice under colour of (hewing their zeal: when prefently. Tho. Scot , the Brewers Clcrk(he that hath a Tally of every mans faults but his own The Hi-fiery of Independency. py own hanging at his Girdle by virtue of his Office, being Dcputy- Ioqui&Of,or Hangmm to Miles Corbet in the chndeftine Com- mcceeof ex3minacions)rcplyed uponMr. W*/fyr,?ta*/Jk Gem% that {pake lafl Was not fo Well*affstlnd£ut that the clofe Commit* tee of 'examinations would find taufe to take an order with h>'m (hort/y: M<*. Walker offered co anfvver him, and dem mded the Ju- ftice of the Houfe, but could not be heard: thole that fpake in be- half of the A dermen, were often s fY. onted , ar.d threatned with thedifpleafureof the Army, which tbey alleged , would be aft to fall into &ttem?ers if to: discharged them. Notjvithftandmg tbefe menaces, it was Voted , that the Houfe Would not pro ft cute their Impeachments againfl the fad f cur Aldermen^ Sir Iohn Maynard, and the (even Lords ; and that they Would proceed mo farther upon their Order for impeaching Afr.Hollis , Sir William Waller,&c. Two or three dayes after, a motion W3S fet on footj That the Or- Atr Whereby the (aid Members were disabled from being of the Houfe might be revoked^ many zoalots argued fiercely, and threat- ned againft it; amongft many arguments for them, a Prelldent was in lifted" upon, That Mafler Henry Mirtin Was bj Order difabled from being a Member, jet was afterwards readmitted upon his eld Election: and defired thefe Gentlemen might find equail juftice. The Houfe having freed them a Culpa, could not in equity but fi ee them a poera, and put them in the remainder of all tfutjbeion- ged to them. But Sir Peter Wentworth anfwered, That Mr»M%r- \ ins cafe and theirs differed % Mr. Martin Was expelled for words (pokeu agaiufl the Kwgtfuch as every mans Conference told him were true; but becaufe he ffoke thofe words unfeafonablyyphen the King was in good ftrength 3 and the words ( Whether true orfalfe ) wore ivftriblneffe of LawfTre&fov: the Houfe (efpecially the luke- warm men) confihertng the doubt full event ofJVur , difabled and committed himjeft the whole Houfe might be drawen incomyafs cf High Treafon for conniving at them : which was a prudential A& contrary to juftice, and contrary to the fenfe of the Godly and honeft party of the Houfe, But afterwards ( the King growing weaker, and the Parliament ftronger ) the Houfe reftored Ma- tter Martin , and thought fit to fet every mans tongue at liberty to fpeak truth even againft the King himfelf 5 and now every day words of a higher nature are fpoksn againft him, by the well- aflfecled fg The Hiftory of Independency. sffjcled Godly in the Houfe. After many threats ufed by .Went' roorth^Veny Harvy f Scot >G our don ^ Weaver , (£r« The fiid difa- bling Order was repealed. 95 About the fame time the Lords fent a Meffage to the Commons* Members ad- t^at tyey ^ n^medfix Lords to he added to the Ccmmittce §fSa fa- ded toe e t^ an^ £ejire£ tjoe ffoU;jrg t0 a^ twelve Commons to th-.m. ( Tnis Safer/atD^. had five or fix times been brought down from the Lords before, bj h cled to the Army; to which Major Gen. Brown gave a difcrecc andanhontft Anlwer ; in reply to which, Weaver concluded, That the Parliament in the pofture it was in, was not likely to fave the Kingdom, but the Committee of Safety and the Army muft fave it : wnercupon fatisfaclion was demanded againft Weaver for dishonouring the Parliament , and alleged that the Honour of the Parliament was more conlidcrable than the Ho- nour Tfje Hiftory of Independency. cj nour of the Army , and ought to be vindicated before the Honour of the Army, whatsoever their Agents and Servants in the Houfe (who gained fey them] thought to the contrary, unkiTc they would acknowledgthe Parliament to be fubordinate to the Army. It was farther faid , that if the Parliament fliould relinqtufh the work of fetling Pe^ce , Religion, Laws, and Liberties in the King . dome to the Committee of fafety , ( as the Gentleman that fpike laft feems to intimate 3 that in order thereto, the faid Committee is enlarged ) the Parliament ftiould forfake their truft, and be no longer a Par foment, ard all they had done, and fliould doe in that w«y5 ( even the erecling , empowring, and enlarging of that Commiree ) is void in law. Note, that feveral Orders have been made, appointing fet days to examine the powers of this Commit- tee, and limit a time for ics determination ; but always upon the appointed daysmen her fome Letters of news , or feme new inven- ted Plots have been caft like fturabling blocks in the way to put it off. The like for fetling the general Militia of the Counties; all which _ire now left/** dte* Thu , fday, 1 5 June, Mr. Solicitor reported to the Houfe, That 9* Sir jVtlliam Mafjham and the reft of the Committee , were car-a° Royalifts ried up and down in the heid otGortno's Army, hardly ufed , and**1" ,c? th^.Ge' . r . , f , c c u *. l 1 nsrilm lieu threatned to be let in the front or the battle when twey came to of 1 0 Com. fight: andrroved that ao. of the Kings party ihould be feifed ,mitLec men in and fent to the General to be ufed in the like manner. But Geur- colcbefltr. don moved , That the Lady Cape/land her Children , and the La- dy Norwich might be Tent to the General with the lame dire- ctions, laying, their H Hi bands would be car efnll of their ft fety. and when divers oppofed fo barbarous a motion , and alleged, the Lady Capell wasgre.-t with child near her time , Gourdon prcfTci it the more eagerly ,( as if he hid taken the General for a Mui- midwife ) he was feconded by Ven, Si) Be n. Mtldmaj^ The. Scot^ Blackjlone, H///or Hiberdafihers-hal, Pttrefoy^Miles Cerbetfid Note that Rafhworth ( Secret r y to 1 h General ) reported at the Commons BivyTke C<.mmitticw?re well n fed and^Q anted nothing. And though they have had many Fights and Sallies , they did se- ver put any of the Coraraictee in the Front ; fo that it (hould feem this is only a fabulous pretence to carry 20 of the Kings O party I0o • T%e Hiftory of Independency. party in Front before them to facilitate and feai re their Approa- ches againft the Enemies (hot , which is the more credible, becaufe the fenfe of the Houfe was, not ts exchange tiefe for the Commit* tee. This is ro cheat the Enemy of a Towa , not to conquer ie. Behold the Saints way of getting Victories; and Cromwell practi- fcth the fame in Wales% as I hear. And that it may farther appear, this Saint-like Army neither Corquers by Miracle, nor the Sword , but by the battery of An- gcl% I can ^fuire you, that lately one of the fetnng-bitches of thefe S atcs (astheynowcallthemfelvesin their forein negotiations) the ho^en mogens of Derbj-houfe , the Lidy Norton ( Wife ro bill- head ?d Sir Grig* ) iffjred a large fura of money to a Gentle- woman to procure her Husband to yield up a Huld he keep:s for theK I N G, ufmg this argument to p:rfwade it , That moft of the goodTowx: thej feemzd to Conquer f were purchafed of men th&t hxd Veit enough tore jp eft themfelves^iox you mult know that this virtuous Lady trucks as well for ftrong Tcwnes and Forts , as for Plackets and other weaker pieces) but the motion was contem- ned; And the General having gotten together the Trained men of Suffolkjxad Ejfex to afCft him , puttech them in the Forlorne Hope in all his ftormings of the Town of Cotchefler^nd drives them on with his Horfe, ufing them as the Turk ufeth his Afap to dead the firft fury and edge of the Enemy , that hts Ianifa- ries may at laftcome on with the more iafety , and carry the bit- imefle. Saturday, 1 y Ime . It was moved that no Commiflions might T1 M^- m 1 be 2rante<* t0 any Commanders or Officers , until they bad taken Covenant.0"* the National Covenant .• againft which, it was argued , That the Covenant was become the pretence of all Rebellions and Iufur- reelions ; that inoft of them that had Rebelled in Wales \ Kent , Ejfex , had taken it5 but thole thit refufed it were true friends to the Parliament , and had done them gallant fervicc. That the Covenant bad fo many various interpretations put upon ic, that no man knew what to make of it , or how with a fafe Confcience to take it : thus argued the Independent , as if the Covenant were malum infe. To which was anfwercd , that by this laft rea- fon , they might lay afide the Scriptures , which were frequently and varioufly mif-interpreted by Hereticks and Schifmaticks.lf the Covenant The Hiftory of Independency* Covenant in Its own nature were the caufe of Infurreflions, k was unwifely done of the Parliament to impofe it upon men; and to tie them by Vow to defend it , and one another in defence of it, with their lives and fortunes, whatloevet number of Armed mcn'hould gather together in defence of ihe Kings Perfons , Crown and Dignity, or of Religion, Lawsj Lbercies, or of Pri- vileges of Parliament , atcording to the faid Covenant they have the authority of Parliament , nay of Heaven ( where their Vow is recorded ) for what they do , and cannot be faid to Rebel I , or War againft the Parliament , but againft a Faclion, who having deferted or never taken the Covenant, to carry on new defigns for their own advantage: doe now mif-apply the title of Ma- ligmntzw&Rehcti. , to thofe that fight for the Covenanr, becaufc they will not change their principles with them for Company. And upon this ground only were the four Aldermen , ieven Lords, Sir lohn Mayvard, &c. impeaehed and imprifoned on<- ly for fuch actions as the Covenanr ( which they took by au- thority or Parliament ) bound them in conicience unto, and for which they had a fpecial Ordinance cf Parliament, made this verySeilions, and not to raife a new War as was Jcandaloufly and violently enforced upon them " Had it come to a new War,, it muft have been laid at their dores that fubvert the Principles in the Covenant. Many have taken the Covenant in obedience to you, and are bound up by it 5 and now to leave other men at large not to take it , and aecufe them o^Treafon for endeavouring to keep it, is very unjnft. You have lately prornifed the Scots, you mil adhere to the Covenant : How can they believe this | wnleflb you injoyn all to take it ? And fo long as you put all the Arms , Garrifons, and Ships of the Kmgdome, and all places of power, profit and preferment , into the hands of Schifmaticks and Anti- monarchifts «, whofe principles and aftioi.s run counter to the Covenant, and fuch as talk much of your fervice , but have done only their own , in oider to which , they refufed to obey you and Duband, ravifhed the King from you at Holdenby , kept you in wardship ever- fince , and difhonoured andbrought you low with treafonable^fcandaluus, threatning Engagements, Declarations, Remonftrances,and other Papers ? But thofe that would have had the Coyerant current t could not get the queftion put. O 2 Vpon 10$ Y£% The Hiftory of Independency. 9 $ Vpon Saturday, 1 7 luney ^48 , about one of the clock after- aibum'sln- noon ( raoft of the Houfe being gone to dinner, and very few formation Presbyterians left ) the Speaker of the Houfe of Commons flood ^c;nrn^Sa up and told the Houfe, that he had received Letters from Ri- dcr'^eKh2.r ~ chard Of far* (he that projected to deliver the King out of the See [ 77* i>/^- cuftody of Colonel Hammond at Carisbroe^Caftle ) that he ^indents loyal- conceived the Letters tended only to the fetting of us altogether 'J] sBeokfobytheEars; and propounded, whether r bey (hould be read or tailed. no p fom£ were agajnf\ lne reading of them , but the Major part called to have them read; which was done accordingly. The Letter to the faid Speaker had a copy of another Letter enclo- fed in it , to the Lord Wharton , which bore d;ite 1 lune^ 1 648^ to this purpofe, Gving hif Lordfhip to understand* That upon pri- vate conference with Captain ROLF ( a man very intimate "frith Colonel Hammond, and high in the efteem of the Army ) the faid C aft. Rolf told him ( the faid Osfarn) that to hif know- ledgeHimtnond bad received feveral Letterf from the Army y advipng him to remove the KING out of the way fa Poyfany or any other meanf , for it would much conduce to their ajfairf. 2?#f (faid Rolf) Hammond hatha good allowance for keeping the KING, and is t here fire unwilling to lofe fo bene fc 1 4 an implo) ment. But ( faith Rolf ) if you Willjoyn with me , we ivill endeavour to con- vey aWay the KING tofome fecret place \and We way then do what •we will With Him, Of burn offers in his faid Letter, That if he may come and goe with fafety \he Would come andjufiifie the fame upon Oath* He likewifc writ to the Speaker of the Lords Houfe about it. Then was read Of burns Letter to Mr. Lenthall Speaker,dated 10. tunc 1648: containing the fame Narration , with an offer to appearand make it good upon Oath if he might come and go with fafety and freedom. The Clerk had n© fooner done reading this Letter , but with a flight neglcd, and the fought ei of fome Mem- ber?, the biafinelte was palled over without debate, and Mr, Scawen flood up to propound a new bufineffe from the Army ; when pre- fently , Mr. Walker interrupting Scawen , defired to fpeak a word to the late bufineffe ; and asked Mr. Speaker, from Whence that Letter camey ar.dwho brought it? the Speaker called upon the Sergeant of the Mace, who Anfwered, 7 he Letter ty as given him At the dore by a man that he knew not ;t hat he had many Letters & Papers the HiB cry ofladepeadency. % 03 Paptrs thruft upon him of which he could give no account , but he Vcould endeavour to find the Mtffenger. Then Mr* Walker urged th \ifxch an infer mat ion coming to the Houfe ought not to be ncg- ItEtcd whether true or falfe , but to be examined andftfted to the bottom* IfthcKlNG jhould die a natural death, or any mifcha^ce be fill him, (the People calling to mind how little care we had takj* ofhufafety ) would never be/atisfied With our >yrotettation ; and moved , that a Committee might be named to examine O >burn , Ro\f,Hzmmond,andfkch others whofe names fbtuld sccur in ths Examination^.^ was feconded by Sir Simond Dewes, Mr. Hen" ry Hunger for ^,Mr, Edward Stevens, and fome others^who pref- ted it farther, but received a flight Anfwer. That thofe that defim red to examine the bnfintffe knew not where to find Osburn. That Oiburn was a Malignanc , and had atempted to fet the KING at liberty* To which Mr. Walker replied, That the other day we had named a Committee to examine the bufinejfe concerning the Foot-boy that ftrool^Sir Heruy Mildmay,tfWj*f we neither knew then where to find the Foot-boy ,or what his name Was. If we do but publish thai Osburn [hall with freedom sndfafetj corns and go,incafe he appear to make good his Charge ^either he will appear yr wejhall declare him an Impoftor, &punijb him when fte takje him9 and deer the reputation of thofe upon whom this Letter feems to rtfl-Jtti. Confider how vafi a difference there ii between belting a Subjetl^and Killing a King* And if Osbutn^hem / know not)be a Malignantly et unlcffe you can prove him a Nuilifidian^or a per- f»n conviEl of Per jutj, both according to the Rnles of Chriflian Charity, and in the charitable intendment of our LaVvs^his Oath is valid and good.Then Tho.Scot ftood up and {v&fThat this pr effing for a Committee to examine this bufinejfe , was but a device to to drato CV.Hammond, andRo\fyp to Sown to be examhedfhat the KING might theeafier make an efcapeAnd Sir lohnEvelin of Wilts, alleged that he conceived this Was an invention ofOsbn rns to bring the King to Town with Honow,Freedomy& S/tfety. Then Walker ftood up again, but was interrupted by Mafter Hill, and not fuffcred to fpeak , having already fpoken twice. Ac the end of almoft every motion made for a Committee to examine the bufinelTe , either Mr. Scawen , or Major Genral Skjpfon flood up and offered to divert the bufineiTc by new matter con- O 3 cerning, ro4 ^ie Hiftory of Independency. cerning the Army , which ufually beareth all other bufineffes down before it. Athftthofe few chat moved for an Exam na- tion of this Information , having fpoken as often as the Orde:s of the Houfe doe permit , were forced to be lilent • fo the bufineffe was buried in filence. I hear that fome of the Lords called upon thir bufineffe the Monday following, being the \6 of lune , and that the Lord Wharton being asked , fthy he hd not impart Of- burn's faid Letters to the Houfe ? Anfwcred, Vhm atfoon as he evened t kef aid Letter he received from Osbuv.n , andfaw hi* nam: M the bottom , he loo\cd upon the bufireffe as not colder able: yet fee fcnt the Letter to Hammond. Vpon Tuefday, 20 June, The Lords fent aM.ffage to the Commons 5 the firft paper whereof concerned Osburns faid Letter?: they defired that forty days might beaffignedfor Osburn to come avdgoe With fafctj to make good his information.- But Sh William ^^wwftood up} and defired, That the minutes of two Letters prepared to be fent inf Holland rfffcl Zealand concerning our Revolted [hips might be firfi di[pat~ chct, as being ofprejent ufe> And when the bufineffe was ended Mr. Pierfoynt propounded another part of the faid MefTage. So Osbtsrris Information was left fine die, for that time, but fince, the Lords have quickned it, and 40 days are given to Osburn to come afid go with Freedom and Safety to make good his information ; who is come , and avoacheth it 5 and one Dowcett , fpeakcth much in affirmation of a deflgn of Rolfes to piftol the King. Roif prefentshimftlf at the Commons Bar with a Letter from Ham- mond , which denies the Defign , and pleads Rolfes caufe for him. jfo/fdenied it at the Commons Bar with a trembling voice, yet afterwards hid out of the way; but being difcovered upon fcarch, he was found to have a Byle upon him , that di fabled him from riding, oth&rwife ( it is thought ) he would have fled far enough* I do not hear that Hammond is yet fent for , or queftioned,, And for 0/^«r»Jsindeavour to convey his Majeftie from Carubrooke- Cafile , it was alleged , he did it with a charitable intent to pre- farve his life , and not of any difarredion to the Parliament , to which he hath been stfe&tonately ferviceable. Though many take oflknee at Matter Walker , as if his ftirring of this bufinefle were only to caft an afperfion upon the Army : yet ( I conceive ) that what he did was commendable, Indifchargeofthc duty he owes Tl e Hiflory of Independency. \ $5 owes ro God, his King, and Country, and of his truft as a Member of the Reprefentativebodyof rhis Kingdome , and in performance of the obligations which the Oath of Allegiance, the Parliaments p^oteltetion , the Nuional Covenant, and ihe known La ws of the Land by upon htm, wnich duty hs was bound to perform, ( though with the extreme!} hazard of his-life and fortunes ) and though he may happily hope betrer things of this Aimy , yet fince neither the Laws of the Land , nor common reafen warrants him to piefnrae upon his own p:ivate hopes and judgement ( things which often deceive the wifelt men in matters of fat lelTe moment) he could do no leffc than free his conference, by making the whole Houfe Witnefles of the cleerneife of his actions and intentions. Confidering, 1. The many high fpeeches and threats often ufed againft the King in all phces,none excepted. 2# The dangers the King efcaped from this Army , which drove him from Hampon-Coun to the Ijle of Wight \ and may poffibly pmfue him thither. 3. The Antimonarchial Principles wherewith many Members ofthis Army, and their Chaplins , and many elfewhere are feafo- ned, who cannot govern this Kingdome at their pleafure by a military Olygarchy of Grandees of the Committee of Safety at JPcrhy-houfc and the Army (and fo efteblifti the Kingdome of the Saints ) nor yet bring it to their own Uvell^ but by taking off fam- ma faf aver um capita y all that is high and eminent. There is a Crowned Head in their way which mufl be removed. 4. The corrupted fantafies of many Antimonarchial Schifma- ticks with Revelations and Raptures , who fervc the Devil for Gods fake ; making him the Author, and the doing of his will the pretence of all their crimes and villanief. 5. The many defperate guilty perfons that fear peace ; and are 1 efolved, now the Sword is out, to burn the Scabbard. Thele look upon the King with an evil eye , as the Centre ifi whom all Inte- refts mult unite before we can have Peace. Defpair tempts thefe men to make one fin a degree, and ftep to a higher. Thefe three lalt fort of men having caft ©fTall fear of God, willaseafily contemn Gods fubftitute , the King ; as he that caft off all reverence to the King will contemn his fubftitute, aConjttable. tf.The I • 5 Tltf Hi/? ory of Indef endency. 6. The continual endeavours of the Grandees of Derby houfe and the Army , to put ail the Armes , Garrifons, Ships , and Strengths of the Kingdom into the hands of Antimonarchica! , Schifmadcai Independents : in order to which, they arc railing of new Forces , and erecting new Garrifons in raoft Counties. Thefe men when they could not get a power from the Houfe of Commons to rails what Forces they pleafed, (for when it was mo- ved, they there ordered, that no more motions fhottld be made for raifng new Forces, but between the hours often and twelve ) yet what they could not get by their leave, they now take without their leave : the General granting Commiflions for railing and lifting Horre and Foot in altnoft all Counties ; for example , Sir Hardr fe W.ilUr ( that one-eyed Polyphemus of Paftebord) late- ly fent forth Commiiii jns in the County of Devon : ( by virtue(as hisComm ffions fay ) of the power granted him from his Excel- lency ) for raifing, lifting, and training Horfe and Foot, which fluli be no burden to the Country, but be in pay with the reft of the ar- my. InthefeCommiffionsheftilethhimfelf(//»^r«/y) Comman- der in chief of all the forces of the five fVefteru AJfociat Counties: and gave authority and encouragement to the well-affected ( that is, to Independents, Sectaries, Antimonarchifts, and the more def- perate, forlorn fort of people ) to enter into , and fubferibe En- gagements, to live and die with the Army ( an imitation of the Members Engagement ) in defence of the Parliamsntt ( that i% of the ingaged faction of Independents, Schifmaticks , and corrupt perfons, whom only the Army looks upon as the Parliament ) witneffe the Declaration of Sir Thomas Fairfax, and his Council of War, mewing the grounds of his advancing up to London, This ufurpition was complained of in the Houfe of Commons, Monday I p I tine, and prohibited then by Order. 7. Peradventure the reafonwhy this Letter was publifoed fo unfeafonably in a thin Houfe, in fo flight and furrepntious a way (as aforefaid) was, in hope it would have been parted ever in ft- lence ( as it had like to have been) and fo the whole Houfe fliould have been engiged in the crime ( if any fuch thing be intended) as v nil ty of connivance and neglige uce , though not as Aft or s guilty 'of the fattJH be main fcope of this party hath ever been,ty Vreatie of Accommodation^ uniting all Intcrefis, and other devices, to mf volvej *fbe Hiftory cf Independency J 1 07 volve others in their crimes, t© in feci others with their cHfcafes; that all {landing in need of one and the fame defpe rate w?.y or" cure may joyntly have the fame friends 2nd foes , end the fame fins and quarrels to defend. 8. Friday, id* tune 164%. I was told, the Committee or Der* byhcufe had lately received a Letter rrooi Col. Hawa* W, Gover- nour ot Carvbrook^Cz&le, informing them, That mlsflc the} /ap- plied him with Mony and Men, he could give no goo a account of the Kingy in cafe the Revolted fhifs [hould attempt his nfcue : and far- ther 'That he had matters of great importance to communicate to them but durft not ctmmit them to Paper ; but if they would fend for him up \ or fend a Confident eft heir s to him , he woufd impart them* This irrc y probably be the bufinelTe whc&ot Osborne gives information in his laid Letters; and it may be Mr. y/alker had heard ot this report in the Halloas well as my felf,and might have the fame conceit of ir, that I have ; if it be lawhill for me to take fneafure ot another mans judgement by my own. 9»Laftly, who knows whether a powcrfull defperate party, may have a deiign to take away the Kings life% and then declare his two eldeftSons uncapablc of Government ; fuppoling they deferted the Kmgdom,ani invited foreign States to invade it : Sc then Crown the Duke ofGloucefter, and fo ( abufing his tender years J ulurp the protection ot him, and under colour of that authority, crUblifh (by degrees) their own ufuvpation , and the peoples llavery ; hiving iubdued their fpirits by a long and cuito- mary bondage, under them; and having filled all places of power, profit, and preferment in the Kingdom with men of their own principles and Interefts, their own creatures and Confidents? This Army (Lift April) in their Council ( amongft other things ) debated, The Depefwgofthe K 1 N G , ( why not murdering as well fince few Kings :.re depofed and no: murdered ? ) Dif inhe- riting theP RI NCE, and Crowning the D U K E of YORK : wheh was then approved or by Cromwell and Ueton. Why may they rot now dif-inherk both the elder Sons , and Crown the Duke of Glouce ft er as well ? Sec the excellent Remsnftrance of the Colchtfter Knights and Gentlemen, 16^%, which I have Prin- ted herewith for your fatisfaelion. That fome fuch defjgn might be to lmkeawry the X" / N G, and dif-mhericthe PRINCE, P may *c? The Hiftory of Independency. msy wc!l be fufpefted ; becaufe the i * day of lulj \ upon Infor- mation , Thar the Prince had fent into Engiwijcme Blar\ Com- mijfions to L'fl men: leaver (in Implement of the Army, and Son coaM A'ic boufe keeper in wiltfh.) moved the Houte of Com- mons to Vote the Prince a Tray tor, &c. And, I hear )that Mr. So* licitor^contrary to his Oath and dur y of hi; place ) refufeth to be of Council againft the faid Rolf ; this Gsntlcnun che Solicitor hath got above3cooool. by keeping open fhop to fell the cruell mercies of thenew Great Seal to the Royalifts. 97 The 29 June. A Petition was delivered the Houfe of Com- Trimtj boufe mons from the Matters of Trinity -houfe , Matters and Captains of Petition for a Ships and Sea-men , for k Perfonal Treaty Vciththe KING j dc Perfonal daring the great decay of trade to the undoing ofmzny thoufand fa- milies\and that they Vvould not fight againft the revolted [hips, their Brethren , who de fired but the f am: things with them* Tho. Scot faid, That the Surry- men fir (? delivered a Petition for a Perfonal Tr 'eat j, which was feconded by the Kentiflh-men in Armes, and they by the City of London : that all this was a defign to ruine the Godly fart y. That he had read of a Man<> who being asked when he was young Why he did not marry ? Anfaered} It was toofoon : and be- ing as^ed the fame quest-on when he was old, Anfvoered, tt was too late. So he was of opinion there could be no time feafonablefor a per* fonal Treaty, or a Peace withfo perfidious and implacable a Prince; but it would a ways be toofoon, or too late. He that draws hisfitoord upon his King mx ft throw his Scabbard into the fire. All peace with him Kill prove the Jpoil of the Goaly. To which was Anfwered, Thatfome men got well by fifhing in troubled Water s*,and accounted peace their sj ily becaufe war was their gain : and they looked upon a Perfonal Treaty as a defign againft them ( under the notion of the Godly, Hontft, Confiding party )becaujea Perfonal Treaty Vcas the high way to peace. Hut the generality if the people ( who were defpjjkd of their Eftates by the War ) refolvedupon a Per* fonal Treaty, without Which there is ni hope of Peace ; they would no longer be made fuel to that fire wherem thefe Salamanders live ; nor ary logger feed thofe U or fe- leeches, ( the Army, their engaged party and Servants ) With their bloud aud marroW* It now appears who defire a new War 5 namely, thofe Zealots who fupply their indigent fortunes by War. Thefe men fear peace, doubting they (hail The Hiftory of Independency. 3 o^ fliall be forced to difgorge what they have fwalfowed in time of War : Ven^ Miles Corbet , Hill the petty Lawyer of Haberdafhers hall5 the two A[hes, Col. Harvey, and many other thriving Saints, oppofed a Perfonal treaty; (o their Peticion had no fucceffr. I hear that ( not many dayes after ) the Committee of Derby houfe ( to take offthis affront ) imployed Col. Rainsborough ( the quon- dam Neptune of our Seas )to go tip and down and folicit the Com- mon fort of Marriners to fiofcnbe, and prefer t the Houfeof Com- mons with a counter Petition, wherein they offered to Cive and die with the Parliament ^c. and that Rainsborough gave \% d« a piece to as many as fubferibed it. This Petition was delivered The 2 of Iuly> and after that (upon occarlon of the City Petition c* t> for a Perfonal Treaty in London; upon the 5 of luly^ the Houfe of SL forY Commons again took into debate a Perfonal Treaty, They fpent perfonal much time upon the place where } Treaty. 1. whether in the Ifle of Wight ? which the ^Independents prin* cipallyaflfc&ed. 3. Holdenby ? which they next inclined untc. ^.Or any his He fifes not nearer than 100/London: at his own choice* 4. Or in the City o/*London > Which two lift places the Presbyterians approved of, but chiefly London \ for London, ic was argued, That the Com- mon Council and Officers of the Sculdiery would undertake for His Safety again fi all Tumults* In any oiherplaee He would be Within the power of the Aimy ; who might probably take him away again ( as they did at Holdenby ) if they lilted not the manner and matter of the Treaty, London was a place ofmoft Honor \ Safety ^and Free* dome ; and would be ft fat is fie the K NG ^ the Scots , the people % In all other places (effect ally the Ifle of Wight) He would beftiHa prifoner to the Army ; and therefore all he fhould agree to , would be void by reJifon o/D-jres. St rgeant fVylde Anfwcred , That Cu- ftodiadid not always in Law figm fie Imprifonment. Though He was under reflr^iut of the Army, He was not in Prifon ; making a wyld kind of (nonfencej difference between Re fir aim and Legal Impnfonment/ which all but himfelf laughed 2X*)The King cay.net plead Dures ; no man can imDrifov or hurt the King in his politicly capacity as King , though in His natural capacity , as man, he is at P 2 Paffive 1 1 o The Hiftory of Independency. paffive as other men. To which wjs rcplyed,T& .it it had been fre- quently fizid in the Houfe , the King was a prifoner, That there Was ro difference in Lawjoei ween a re fir tint and an imprifonment whe- ther legal, or illegal. A tortious refiraint is called in Law.f a falfs Imprisonment. T'hat former Kings have avoided their own Aits by f leading Reitraint (or Imprifonment ) and Conftraint,^ R.i. H.3 . That the King may as Well pleak Imprifonmenr,** the Parliament f lead a Force, which they have lately done. That the Kings Re- ftrainr in Law is Aril a cufiodia, God grant it bcfalvt cujiodia ; we have Ltely had Information co the contrary. The diftin&ioa between che Kings natural and politique capacity wis Treafon in s the Spencers, and fo declared by 2 Acts o: Parlianj^at in the time or" Edw. 2* and Edw>y See Calvins cafe in my Lord Cookjthzy are unfcparable by the Law. 7 ho.Scot argued5T^t the City was as ob* noxious to the Kings anger as any parr of the Kingdom ; and if the Treaty (hould be in London, who fhaUfecure tss thitthe City will not m*ke their Peace with the inraged King, by delivering up our Heads to Him for afacrifice, as the men of Samaria did the headt of the jo fons of Ahzb? It was tardier moved, That if the Kingcamc not to London,£/*£ to one of his honfes ah out 10 miles fromLondon, That He might be de fired to givs His Royal word to re fide there nntil the C one Ififton of the Treaty. Col. Harvy (lighted this mo- tion, vilifying the lyings Royal word, and faying, There was no trnfl in Princes; he alleged, the Kings promfes hai be en frequent- ly broken • as when he protested thefafety and privileges of Parlia- ment (houldbe as pretious to Htm, as the fafety of His Wfe and Children, and within three or four dyes after came With armed Guards te force the Houfe, and other inftances which have been too often remembred,and flhall be here omitted. At laiithey fell upon a reporc,that the Committee of Lords and Commons had Voted "They Would not fafift upon the 3 lrotes prepa- ratory to a Treaty viz.Pretbyte'y, the Militia9 & recalling all De- clar: Procla*&c. This was long argued to and fro. Ac laft it was Voted 'That the King be de fired to affent to the f aid % preparatory 99 Propofttions, and fign them with His hind, to bepaffed as Atts of ^4wfc about Parliament When the King (hall come r# Wcftminfter. aPerfbnal My Lord or" Warwick^ had moved in the Lords Houfe about Trwy. this time for a Perfonal Treaty , and was feconded by the Earl of Northumberland The lUficrs or In dtpi * * ' Northumberland; but my Lord Say oppofed tie, and prevailed a* gainft it: afterwards my Lord Say in his way home visited die Duke or ^i^«frW,andamo:ig(lotiierdircourJe, told the Duke, //* wasforrj to find fo great an indiff>9fition to peace, Cyhigfohtd moved for a Perfonal Treaty, but could not pre vat/- this Was clone upon hopes the Duke would have writ fo much to :he Qu:en, or Prince. But the E^rl or Holland coming that d.y to Ice rhe Duke, and the Duke reLting to the E.rl what the Lord Say had told him , the E \\ok Ho/land difcovcred the truth to him, and fo fpoylcdthedelign : you fee the Devil doth not always own the endeavours or his fervants. The faid 5 /*//, the Speaker, as foon as he fate in his Chair , ^ *0° al.rmcdthehoufe or' Commons with the news of the Duke oi ^ j^* \HC^ Buckingham's, and rhe Earl of Holland % drawing into an hoftile ta'King Anns, pofture ; relating they were 2000. that they intended to take Lam- beth-houfe, thai the Bullets Wouidprefently be about their ears if they did not r%fe\ which put the zealots into fuch a rout, that they prefently cried, Adjourn, adjourn, until Monday • and had hardly fomuch p .tienceasto hear any rcafons to the contrary ; but this was but a counterfeit fear : the defign hid under it was,to prevent the City from bringing in that day their Petition for a Perfonal 7 reaty^ and to leave the whole power of the Houfe, during the Adjournment, to the Committee of Derby hwfe> to raife what Horie and Foot they pleafed, under colour o; fupprefling this in- furreclion. For when they found they could not prevail to Adjourn, they Ior> moved for power to be given to Major QzwSkjppon to raife Horfe, s^fpon autfoj whether to poiTefs the Avenues and pailages from the City to the rix.-dco taft F:r2 of Hollands Army, or to keep the City under the terror of a l °00 Hoifc« Horfe Guard, is doubtfull. And the fame day Mr. Swynfn reported from the Committee io» of fatety,7^ they oferedto the Confederation of that Houfe y that A Report from it was fit the Houfe fhould have a Horfe Gn*rd,& th.*t every Mem- ^^{(^ ber fhould underwrite ho\X> many Horfe he Will pay for 1 o days. bers foouy This is refufed by fome Gentlemen upon thefe ground s : underwrite far I . It bears the ajpett of an Impcftion or Taxfet upon the Houfe maintaining of by their Committee* Horfe. a« The Members have not f tiff *red al>ke • and therefore cannot P 3 doe j j The Hiftory of Independency. doe al>ke,fome have iojt much and got nothing ^others have got much and loft nothing : and it is not equal thzt Lofers (honld bear equal burthens With Getters , andcontrthute out of their L$ffes to main- tain other mens Gains, andfreferve them in their rich Offices , ani JBifhops Lands purchased for little or » 17. care the Grandees for Ads of Parliament , having fooled the people into a belief, That both the Legifianve and Judicative power is in the two Houfcs of Parliament without the King, and chat an over- peering party or Junto in the tVto Hovfet ( comply- ing with an Army to keep the reft under force and awe) uthe Parliament* The Parliament corfifieth of 3 , E fates. , 1. Trie King, whom the Law callcth , Principinm^ Caput & finis j\ie Legiflj- P arlt amend 1 and therefoie he only can Call ^ He only can Dif :cive,Iu I fart, fxftit. feci, 234. in fine* jt H, 7. 14. efpecially when this veiy Parliament declares in the Exatl C0L1 part.p.jij.That the King hath a Negative Voice-* and that Bills are not Laws ( or Aftsoi Parliament) without the Kings affent ( confcqw;ntly nor Ordinances.) And asthetwoHoufestake upon them the L'gif- Litive pjVver without the King , fo in the cafe of the 4 Aldermen and Sir John Ma)nard^ they ufurped a Indicative Bower in cafe o i Treafon try. bU> in the Kings Bench ; yet it is mod: certain, tha : when the 5 E slates in Parfianent have pajfed any Afl \their power determines as to that gdcl, and then the Authority of the fudges be- gins, winch js Judicative ; whofe Office is (upon cafes brought before them J to determine Whether that A% be binding or no-, (for Ads The Hilary of Independency. ; j j A 3$ of Parliament again/l common right ->Rcpugnant%or Inpoffible* are Void,r™^8./. 1J8. Dr. and Student, A i .r.6* .) and to expound the meaning andjignificatio* fthe words offtsch AH. If therefore the 2 Houies uiurp the Legislative and Indicative power , or the Militia^ otherwite than hath been by the fundamental conftitu- tion orchis Monarchy, and the practice of all ages accuftomed , the Grandees of the two Houfes and Army feem to lay claim to them all by the Sword, for in the late Declaration againit the Scots Papers, p. 64. they fay, That they engaged in this war upon thefe priKCtpleSyViZ.To keep the Legijlitive power ^and the exercife of the Militia*) without and again ft the Kings confient, and p. 63 • tbidemythc Members tell us, that in all matters concerning Church or State, we have no judge upon Earth but themftlves. It follows then, the Grandees do it to fubverc the antient Government, Laws, and Liberties of this Nation; and cltablifli a Military Oly- garchy, or the Kingdom oF the Saints over us in themfelves. In order to which defign they have put all things out of order, and turned them upiide down; nay, they have crucified the whole Kingdom with Saint Peteri Crucifixion , the head downwards, and the Heels upwards. When this King went into Seotland^ He compared the Com* mon. wealth to a Watch, which they had taken in pieces; and advifed them to keep every piece and pin laie, and put all in their right places again; but now all the principal pieces are either broken, or loft. God grant them to number their houres better hereafter, and to cloze well with our Milter Work-man ; for though this Kingdom hath alwaies been Rnledby King, Lords , and Commons •, yet by the KING, architectonic e ; and by the other Two, organice ; the King as the Architect, the Lords and Commons as His Instruments ; each in his proper fphere of Afti- vity, without interfering : and till this again come in ufe, look for 110 peace. The Independent Grandees of the Parliament and Army are , !°7. much offended with the City,and their adherents, in Petitioning ^f^a™ ," ror a Perfonal Treaty with the King, and give our, That when ti,e Ocvani they have done with Colchefter/^j will humble the Chy^and bring Perfonal it to better obedience , for which purpofe,they have already taken * ^.icy. all the Blocks bottfes, upon the River, Eafl of the City Windfor* Cafile Weft of the City, and are now fortifying Gjddy-ha/l neer Q. Rumfird x \i The Mftory of Independency. Rumfordin Ejfex South from the City; the like they intend at Hampton Court ; and co build a Fort upon the Ifte of Dogs , to keep under the Sea-men : whereby, poffcfling the prmcipall wayes, and Avenues to the City, they fliali neither feed , nor Trade, but at the difcretion of" the Army- In the mean time the Cities defires of a Perfonal Treaty are delated and made fruftrate by a tedious Conference between a Committee of Parliament , and a Committee cf Commor -Council. And Counter- Petitions agairft a Perfonal Treaty are fent about by Alderman Gjbs 9 Ton est Efwkke , WoUaflon\ Andrew a 9 Nys trie Independent Prieftj and others, (who hold nth Ounces by favour of the Grandees) to be fub.c ribedeven 6y Apprentice Boyej ; whereby it appears the Independents have no intent to make peace with the Ki.-g , but to engage in a t:ew War, thereby to continue their At- m;, and our SI very. The yearly Income they raife upon the people under colour of this War, (befides the Kings Revenue, Sequeftrations, and Compo- sitions ) amounts to three Millions fterlmg per annum, being fix times as much as ever the moil greedy and burdenfom of our Kings railed : where our Stewards hide thefeVnir Talents (publick Debts and x^rrears being unpaid ) were worth rinding out, if any but the Devil could give an Account thereof. But this is an unfoundable Gulf, here my plumb-line faileth me. icS The 10 of Iuljy Major General Skippon complained in the Majot Gen. Houfe of Commons of a printed Paper, called, Q A Motive to all s^ippon's l0jal Subic&r, to endeavour the prefervation of his M^yfltes Per- tomplainr. y^-j ^herein (he pretended) he was falfly and fcandilouily flande- red for fpeaking fome words in the Houfe to divert the Examina- tion of Mr. Ofborn's Charge againft Rolf The Houfe ( that is, the Independents) were as diligent to become his Compurgators, and vindicate his credit, by paffi-igand Printing 5 Votes for him, as they had formerly been to mine the KING'S Honour by paf- fipg a Declaration againft Him. This fellow Skjfpon was here- tofore Waggoner in theLow-ConntriestoSir Francis ^mv, after thit came over into England a poor forlorn Commander, and obtained of the King His Letters ofCommendation to keep a kinde of Fencing School in the City M litary yard , and teach the Citizens the pottures of the Pike and Musket, and Train them ; rJhereheworethemaskofRdi^ion fo handfomly, that he fooii infiouated The Hiftory oflxdeperJency. \ 'ft infinuited into their favours., and found the m ye ry bcnntifnll Pa" tronstohim, there he got his fat belly, and fulJ purte; from th° City he beame Major €enerall to the new-modelkd Army : and obferving Tome discontents arifing between the City and Army, and being willing to keep two firing* to his bow, that he might uphold his credit with the City, he voluntarily fubr&itted himfelf to fome affronts purpofeJy and politickly put upon him in the Army; and yet that the Army might understand him to be their creature, he marched with the Army in their Triumph through the City, (till carrying himfelf as i moderate reconciling man, andfweetning theinfokneies of the Army, by making milde and fair interpretations of their actions; jet ft ill fo much mag- nified the power of the Army , 8s ii he would periwade the City they were beholding to the Army for making no worfe ufe of their ftrength againft them : Thus (as many other moderate, pru- dential men doe) he lay a good while undefined in the botorae of the City, and there as a Spie and Intelligencer kept Centry for the Army, untiilfiuh time as the City petitioning the Commons for reftormg of their own Militia to them again , the Council of the Army, (to mock them with- an urn ffeflual J/#7i>/'* ) by the'r en- gaged party in the Hcuie, and the Committee of Derby-houfe ( of which Cabal Skjppon is one ) caiafcd their confiding man Skip- pon, not only to be named of the Committee of the M/ltia ( al- though no Citizen) but to be obtruded upon the City as their Major Gcr.eral, Commander in Chief o\ all their Fonts , without whom nothing is to be acled. Thi> being relented and oppofed , as contrary to the Cities Charter and Liberties , Skjrpcn found he was difcovered, and then (caking advantage of the Earle of Holland's going forth into Arms) upon a Report from the Com- mittee of Derb]-honfe9 the Commons ordered, That a pArty Horfe fhould be rat fed and lifted under Skjppon : Skjppon by VCXlUf of this Order granted Commfinns to divers k prentices to raife men undeihand , and authorized the faidCon miflioncd Apprentices to grant Sub-commfFior.s again to o.l Apprentices urder them tor the bkepurpofe: This was preten- ded to prevent Tumults and InfurrecTions , but indeed it was to joyne with the Independent party of the City , and the army , (when they have done their work at Ctlchcfter) in purging the Presbyterians out of the Common-Council and Parliament ; in Q^a reference of Scot Undo 1 1 8 The H/fiorj of Independency. reference whereto, the Army have refolved not to march North- wards againit the Scots, untill they have brought this City ta more abiolute obedience,o; laid it in the disaccording to Cromm wePs advice; as a preparative to which defign, the prevailing par. Yet they knew ty jn the Houfe,///// 15. (band over head; Voted , Aft fuels Scots they came m ^ are cme ^nt0 England in hoftile manner^ Without confent of both ^tkeParll7 Houfes of Parliament of En%Und,EKemies to th? State-,& all fucb Englifh as door [ball adhere toy aid, or affifi them, Traitors ; and the next day hollowing, Weaver openly in the Houfe affirmed, That the Scotiih deftgn ofD> Hamilton, the Colchefter defign tand that of the Earl of "Holland, -were all begun and carried on in the City 0/ London : to which Ven, the two Afbes, Harvey, Scott , Miles Corbet, Black^one, Sir Peter tVentworth, and others gave applaufe ; loe here a foundation laid for a new Charge againft the City, when the Army are at leafure to make ufe of it. This Hypocrite S^/w* when he had fpoken any thing in the Houfe prejudicial to the King or City, about a Week after (when the Venom he hath fpet hath wrought its erfecl, and is pall remedy) ufmlly complains in the Houfe, That his words are carried forth of the Houfe ,and maticiou/ly & falfly reported in the City to his dif* grace and danger, and repeating in a more mild and qualified way jome part of what he had formerly laid, appealed to the Houfe , Whether that were not the full truth of his words ? when the Houfe having forgotten his former words, no man can, and (for fear of the envy and malice or a powerfull Faction) no man will contra- dict him 5 this is his way oF Apologizing and clearing himfelf. He hath gofi above 300001. in his purfe,be(ides 1000 1. a year land or Inheritance given him by the Parliament. He hath fecured his perfonal Eftate beyond Sea, and his Wire and Children , and thereby withdrawn all pawns and pledges of his Frdelity both out or the power of the Parliament and City, and is here among ft us but in the nature of a SoMier of Fortune. Note,thatupon the faid 1 5 day of July , when the debate was for Voting the Scots that were come in,Enemies,&c. The firft quc- Ition was yvt,That allfuch vScots ai are,orfoa\lcome into England, in ho file manner ^without confent of both Houfe s cf the Parliament <>yEngland,ttws ral Lambert had made flay of a Scottijh Gentleman, one Mr. Haly* ^tteT an(j m barton Who pajfed through his quarters -with Letters from D. Ha- Declaration • milton, to the two HoPifes9 anithe King; that he found about Mr. brought to the Haly-barton divers private Letters , for the carrying of Which tHou^- he had no public^ Authority , and therefore Lambert made bold to Seal thofe private Letter sin a packet by themfelves with his oWn ^WW^.Haly-bartons : ThatLzmbenhadfentup Afr. Ha- ly-barton with one Lieut.CoL Osburn, a Godly SvottiJbGent : and another Keeper jn nature of a Frifoner* This Osburn delivered that t ry private packet co the Speaker; fo a Committee was named to pe- L.Col.Osburn rufe that ptivate packet, and Osburn was called in to fpeak what a fugitive Scot. he knew ; who delivered at the Bar, That the Godly party in Scot- land Were opprejfed and trodden under foot by Duke Hamilton's party ^that their very Souls Were afflicledat his proceedings , that the Ki* k.of Scotland with one mouth proclaimed in their faces their en- gagement and proceedings therupon to be damnable and deftrutltvei he de fired the Houfe not to lookjipon thefe proceedings as the AH cf the Nation of Scotland, fine e there were a great many Godly men who hoped the Lord would enable tbem in his good time to march in- to England With the Marqueffe of Argyle and fall into the rear of Duke Hamilton with a diver fion. He reported, the Scots that came in to be but 8000 Horfe and Foot , and Langdale but 2000. Then was read the Letters of D. Hamilton^ wherein He ccmplaineth no anfWer had been given to the Parliament of Scotlands jufi de- fires of the 26 April lafi , That by authority of the Scotifh Parity ment he was neceffitatedto come into England according to the Co- venant3cr not without the invitation of divers wUajfecled Englifb who had taken the Covenant. There was a Declaration inclofed in the Letteis,which the prevailing party obftru^ted the reading of(yet the Lords having printed it,they hive (ince read it in the H ;ufe)and prefently the queftion was pur, Th *t allfuch Englifh as have invi- ted the Scots under Duke Hamilton, to come in Hoflite manner into England > fhall be declared Tray tors ? and carried in the AfS nil- tive, I formerly told you , that about 12 luly , Weaver mov^d, That the Prince of IV ales might be Voted a frsytor: what they could not then carry with a fore-wind, they now brought in a- gain with a fide-wind; for who doubts b:it the Prince invited in Qj the "l 10" 1'he H/siory of Incependencj. the Scots to the relief of his Faehcr and himfclf oppreffed and im. prifoned, contrary to the Solemn League and Covenant, by a Re- bellious Army , and a fchifmatical pmy of both Houfe* engaged with the faid Army : Andthat the Scots are com* tn according to the Covenant only > Ila A little before this time Thot Scot, Sir laint of Mr. Chburn for endeavouring to makf away ay Ko *• the K NG : u(i g many words in his commendation for his godly, nefjeand fait bfullxejjcitnd complaining of his hard ufage in Pri- fon where he lay tmongtt. Rogues* It was oppofed by many , be- cause High Trcafcn is mot bajlable by the Law, neither is the H6ufe of Commons a Con rt of Judicature ; af.:d therefore can neither 1m- -prifen^nor Bayle ay but their own Members. Ac lsft Mr. Sam. Brown moved, 7 hit a Committee might examine the bufinejfe for matter ofFau, and report to tke Houfe, and then the HoufeQfthey faw cattfc ) mght Bayle him) and bind over Af after Osburn topro- fecute him next term in the Kings- bench. This motion took cff,d , and great care was taken for the prefent , that Rolf might have better entertainment in the Gate-houfe according to his quality ; having been not long fince a Shoo- maker ? one of the Gentlc-crafu 113 About this time, 2 Files of Musketiers, by warrant from the The Speakers Speaker of che Houfeof Commons f came in the dead time of the Warrant to night to the Pioufes of Sir Paul Pyndery ^nd Alderman Langkam, F^ot-bo1 that Pretending to fearch for the Foot-boy that beat Sir H. Mildmty. beat'sirflm. They forced open the dotes of Sir Pauls houfe , and fearched with Mildmaj. great diligence ; but could not doe the like at Alderman Lang- hams, who being guilty of having forae Money in bis Houfe , duiit not adventure to obey the Warrant and open his dores; nor had he reafon to do it , his Houfe ( by the Law )being his Caftle of De- fence jhc privilege thereof not to be violated but in cafe of Felony or Treafon. Compare the diligent profecutions in the behalf of S:r Harry Mildmay , with the fhek and negligent proceedings in the behalf of the King, and you fhall find a new pr d c:».l Law(con- trary to the old known eftabhfhed Law} That a Tre/pajfe agdinfl a Grandee^ though but a Subjedt ) is more than a Treafon again ft a King* Fears, 7fcf Hiflory of Independency. J 21 Fears and Iealoufies arifing from fcveral Informations ( as that l; cftroply and Hyde , called , The Refolutions ef the Army ) and Fears ?.na j a- divcrfc other Symptornes of danger, but efpeciaily Sk/ppens loufies cntfe fecret Lifting of Schifmiciques in the City smongft the Congrega- ^c C«T to re- gions of Mr. Goodwin ^Mr* Patience, and others , with pouer gt- ^fl^^n ven him toki.i andihy; his lifting Servants againft their Makers, Militia. andfettingupaPowerageinlra P^wer, had provoked th^t dull bcaft the City to know their own (lrength*co h ok into their Char- tcrand theCuftomesoftheCityj and 10 Counter-lift in their own defence: for which purpofe, they pafll'd an Ad of Common Coun- cil, dated 27 Ittlj 164%, which was foon complained ef in the Houfe of Commons by Fen9Harvey , Pennington y and other ill Birds of that Corpora ion who ufualJy defile their own nefts 3 af- ter nary aggravations ; that after they had fought with the King for the Adtlitia , any power out of the Parliament (houid p euimeto exercife it ; a Committee was appointed to Treats with a Committee of the Common-Council , to hear what they could fay for-ihemf elves , and by What authority they claimed the Hfe of their own Militia, The Committees mer, and aroongft other things the faid queftion was asked , By what autfiority they lifted mtn}To which was Anfwered,T£/* they Aid it by the Law of Self- defence, warranted by the Law of God, cf nature, and of the Land : and by a farther Authority: to queftion when, would make litt'e for the advantage of the Parliament: This myfterious An- fwer flopped the raouthes of the Parliament Committee. If Lon> don rhonld plead their Charter and ufages , other places might doe the like; fo this bufineiTe was fhut up in filence. Note that ma- ny Sectaries of tVeftwinfter^ottthwarl^znd the Hamlets have been invited and countenanced to petition the Houfe of Commons agaiY: ft uniting their Militia's with London, upon pretended ca* vils y As that they defired to have equal number of Voices in the Militia with London : But fnce L W?#beareth 7 parts of" 9 in the charge, it is an unreasonable dem nd. Bv Orders (as is thought ) from Derby-hcufe , Colonel Tones Governour of D»£//»3hath fczed up.m moftof the Presbyterian the Governor Commanders thereabouts, and fent them Prifonersto Weftchefter, otDubly* fe> as Sir Maurice Euftace S r John Gy ford, Col. W illoughby, Colo- z<*h a^ fe*- nel Flower, M -jor Stephens, Major Capron% Tc. to make room for j?aIj oyei lv* In ependeni Officers in his Army, that the Saints only may fojfcjfe p^Vterlw the Commanders, i li The Hiftory of Independency. the good things of the World) but chiefly , that his Army bei&g Commanded by Antimonarchical Schifmaticks may the better fympathizeand.unite with the Antimonarchical papifls in OWen RocOneal** Army, againll the Lord Inchiquin , whereof the faid Lord hath given fomc hint, as I have afo;efaid. You fee the pre- dominant Principle is Anti-mmarchy^ which ealily overfwoyes Religion on both ii Jes. , Sir Miles Levefty having cafu illy taken a little Frigot oF the A Frko: of the Pfmces,, called the Cb) iftopher manned with one Captain Green, Princes taken and 8 men , took divers Commiflions inner, and a Letcer of with many Mart , granted to the laid C iptain to makepri^e of Rebels and £- .letters and nemies Goods, and a Paper of Inltruft ions , prohibiting Green to m ' ufe any Hofitlity untillthe Prince had publifhed his Declaration , And nut ill it were defigned who were His Enemies ; other writings were then taken, which were referred to a Committee of the Boufe of Commons to perufe and report. Mr. Lechmore reporced from the ^0»'$neNv lilted men to fcizeupon feize onndivcis^-^erman La"£him, Alderman Bunce, and fome or the Lords Presbyterian and Members or the Houfe of Commons in the night; whereof* Aldermen , notice being given, fome of the Members knowing that Treacher Lords and Xy (like the Ba(ilisk) dies if it be firlKeeOj to fhewthatit was ^omraom, dif covered, caufed one or their Party in the Houfe, to move, That Sktppon The Hifory of Independency. j^| ! SkippOn flight be Ordered net tofeiz,; on, kjll or flay any Member of either Houfe. An Order patted the Houfe of Commons for the Earl of War* tyickj to fight the Prince at Sea. It was fent up to the Lords , and "8 paffed that Houfe too • whereby it became an Ordinance. Yet An Ordinance fome of the Lords entered a proteftation againft ir, as the Earls of ^^jf1^0* Lincoln Sufol{,Lotd North, fi^ht the*Prince 2 of Auguft^te Zealots of the Houfe of Commons fell again at Sea. uponthebuftneffeof Rolf, at an unfeafonable hour of the day, i*9 and in a thin Houfe. Tfoey ordered a Conference with the Lords ^orc cndca* about him> and That the Lorhs be de ftred to joy n with the Commons independent in Bay ling of him ; and yer, for Treafon, a man is not Bay jable by ;n favoar 0t ° Law. I cannot hear that Mr. Osburn's time of flaying with Free- Rolf. dom and Safety to profecute Relf is renewed by the Commons, although it be expired ; you fee the Iron- bound Saints of the Ar- my are impregnable, even againft High Treafon; if this Puny Siint be fo inviolable, what hope have Major Huntington^nd John La- bour n to be heard Tagainft Cromwell ? For if the man fuch freedom have , What then muft he that keeps the Knave ? Yet if Rolf had but baftinadoed Sir Henry Mildmay ( and that's no great matter ) peradjenture he had been profecuted in earned. Thuifday, ^Augu^i Letter from the Earl of V/ar^ick^ was no read in the Houfe of Commons, complaining of the RefraHormeffe A Letter from of the Sea-men , and that he could not govern them without a Com- the Ear1,0/ mijftonfor Martial Law ; which was readily affented to ; as any Matrfal Law thing that cries up Arbitrary power, above the known Laws, ufu-ICSea. ally is. But how this will agree with the difcipline of the Sea, and how they will fight being fo yoaked, I know not. The fame day a Letter piffed the Houfe of Commons, directed Iit totbeAiTembiyofthe Kirk of Scotland, fetting forth what the A Letter from Parliament had done in way of fetlmg peace,reforming the Church the Parliament and Vniverfities , and maintaining the Covenant and union be. to the AflVm- tween the two Nations, and complaining of Duke Hamilton s In- 0/s°fji*n%1 k vading£«g/W unc!er the Authority of the Parliament of Scot- land ^ to the Kirk there. How dangerous this prefident may prove to both Kingdoms, to make a few ambitious, paidantical Church-men fuprerae Iudges over Parliament and State affairs , R to 124 The Hifteyy of Independency inordine ad Deum: and how apt they are to lay hold upon fuch oc- cafions, and kindle their zeal into a confnming flirae , I leave to all wife men to judge, 112 . Thurfday, 3. Augt*(t. The Sheriff* of London and forae of the and f Liters Common Council brought to the Houfe the Copies of two Letters from^hcCUeScheyhidrece'ved^romth-PRINCE; ons direfled to the Com- Prince3tor6e mon Council, e xpr effing his High neffe good affection to Peace y Ci.y. The and to the whole City •• and his endeavours to vindicate his Fathers Commo is Liberty andiufk Prerogative and Rights ; to reftere ti the People lh° uPon their Laws ^Liber ties ^and Property , to free them from that bondage under which they were now held like a Centered Nation , to eafe them ofExcife andTaxes , to fettle Religion according to his ¥ A' thers Agreement made Voith the Scots, and to reduce all things into their antiznt & proper ChaneL This Letter was accompanied with his Declaration to the fame pnpofe. The other was to the Mer- chant Adventures , Informing them he h^d made flay of '3 of their Ships jbut without any intent to mal^ t>r>z,e of them ^de firing to bor. row acoool. of them to be repay ed o'it oftle Cuftomes , and requi- ring their fpeedy anfwer. To which Col. Harvy ( firit aggravating many faulcs in the King's Government , according to the fcanda- lous Declaration againft him ) laid , 1 he Prince Veas his Father $ oVon Sony as like him as could be. That he had invited the Scots to come in , and declared for them ; and had been formerly in Arms againft the Parliament. That he ft 'as but a Sub/eft; And moved the Houfe to declare him a Reb ell and a Tray tor. Sir Peter Went, worthy Mr. Knightly , and Mr. Blacky one feconded him with much earneftneffe ; fo did Edward Afh , who farther moved, That the Common Counnciland Merchants fhiuld give no anfwer to his Let" ters, faying , there Vtas no danger the Prince (hould makje pri^e of iheir Shipsjor that he had engaged to the States of the Low-Coun- tries to do no aft prejudicial to Trade. At laft the Debate was put off until the next day , being Friday : when the Speaker putting the Houfe in mmd of it again , It was earneftiy called upon by the younger Sir John Eve tin ( Mr. Solicitors ftndow ) Scot^ Weaver , Holland9Boys,Vind almoft all the Godly Gang. So the Debate was refumed : and Weaver went very high to cry the temper of the Houfe. But the Debate in Terminis , That the Prince (hould be declared a Retell a kH a Tray tor y vv s foon hid by ( though vio- lently preffed ) chiefly upon thefc reafons. I. They The Htflory of Independency. l%<$ i. That they had not the Originals of the Prince's Letter and Declaration, (which the CommonOonncil ftillkepc) but one- ly Copies^ not fomuch as attcfted upon Oath by any anthen- tical Clerk 5 therefore no Legal poceedings could be, upon them* i.To Vote the Prince a Traytor the fame day when they fent Meffengers to invite the King his Father to a Treaty of Peace , would argue no peaceable inclination in them, and would be fo un« derftood by the People. 3. They were engaged by the Nuionall Covenant to defend the King's Perfon, Crown and Dignity ; but the Prince, Heir apparent to His Crown , was ( next under God ) the chief fup- porterofhis Crown and Dignity, therefore to Vote him a Traitor was to fubvert his Crown and Dignity. 4. By the Stit. 2 5 Edw.-$* it isHghTreafon to endeavour the deftrttftion of the Privet, the Kings eldest Son; but to declare him 1 Rebel and a Traitor, was to endeavour to dellroyhim; and therefore HighTreafon* 5. The people were already jealous that the KING and FLs Pefterity fhould be laid by ; and in them the Monarchical Go- vernment of this Nation fubverted, and a new form of Govern, ment introduced • they had already by the Votes of No Address to the K J N (7, and by their Declaration againft Him ( whetein they lay, They can no longer confide in Htm) laid by the KING, and now to Vote the P R I N C E a Rebel and a Traytor , was to lay by both him, and his Brother the DUKE ofTORK 3 i*ho ad- heres to him , which would exceedingly confirm the people in . their feares. But what they could not doe exprefly,they did im* All that adhere plicitly, by Voting All that [houtd adhere to , ajd, or affifi **' *f jjc Pr5ncc PRINCE, Rebels andTraytors \ Hereby they put a tie up?n the y^oit City not to redeem their Sh;ps, 6y lending 20000!. to the Prince ; :^z0lSi and yet had a Pirat taken thero, it had been lawfull to redeem them. 125 Saturday, 5 vd'ssguft. The Houfe of Commons went upon the The Nitionai Commiffioners to judge of Scandals; there was aClaufeintheCov'en:nt> Ordinance, forbidding the Nomination effuch as refu/ed the Nati- onal Covenant ; which was ftrongly oppofed by the Independents , who argued ^I'bat the National Covenant was but a League/worn mutually by the two Nations ; that the Scots by Invading England hadfirft bro\e it7and thereby fet the Engiifa at Liberty from njhat R 2 the i i£ The Etiftory of Independency. the Covens -wis not Jure div'no,«0 more than Presbytery Was. To w.ich vws Ar.iwered, 1 hat the large Treay contained the League between he two Nations^ fo did nor ths Covenant , which was a Vow made unto God with our hands lifted up to heavenjor the main- tenance *ivd oh ferv at ion of the ends and principles exprejfed in the Covenant, from which no power on Earth cav abfolve. That though the Covenant was not 3ue divine 7 yet the keeping of k after we have taken it is Jure divino^x. being the revealed will o{God,that Vsejhottld not offer to him t he facrifice of fools ; a Covenant to day , and break it to morrow. Monday, 7 Auguft. A particnlar Ordinance to put the County A new Mili:ia of Wilts tnto a pofture of defence was read, many thit were named ereft-d mevc-to be Deputy Lieutenants, or Commifli oner?, were mean petty ry Count?, in fellowes, as one Read a Serving-mm, and others , fuch as refufe to the hands of ^ up0n t^e q rcJinanc€5 for fet ling Church Government, and de- clare that our Miniftery u Antichriftun , and are new dipped Brethren that have been re-baptiz?d. Thefe to have ptwer to raife what men, and put arms into what hands they lift ; to fine 10 1. and twenty dayes Imprifonmem for every default, and to levy 400 I* a roeekjipon that poor County over and above the Taxes to Fairfax5* jtrmji and Ireland, and TreequArter. Ths general Ordinance to truft the Counties with their own defence, is obftrucled, to give way to thefe particular Ordinances , That all the Arms and Gar- rifonsof he Kingdom may be put into the hands of Antimonar- chic »1 Sectaries, and the Militia of Godly Cut-throats eftabliflied in every County towards chc putting down of Monarchy , and the erecV'ig of the many- headed Tyranny of the Saints of Derbyhoufe and the Army. This Oi dinance was committed. 115 Ttfcfda^ % 8 Auguft. Thomas Scot made report to the Houfe of Lettfs uacha- Commons of the piivat Letters brought out of Scotland by Ma- id r zed, a fter Haiy-barton, (whereof I have formerly given you notice ) this nC ocVh d Gentleman being a publique Meifoger from the Kingdome ©f Prlsb tcrians Scotland^ ( and sot from Duke Hamilton or his Army ; whom on- in# ly the Houfe of Commons have declared Enemies, without the concurrence of the Lords ) hath le*ve given him by the Lords to ftay a Month in England ; yet the Commons hrwe firice Voted he (hill begone in twenty four hours, or elfehefhall be lent home in Cuftody. Thrfe Liters are moft of them written in Chara- cters , yet this wel-gifted Brother Scott , hath found a New Li^hc The Hi ft cry of Independency. 127 Light to Decipher them by ; and can tell by Infpiration , or by Privilege of Parliament, what Cypher or Character mud (Ignifie fuch -a. Letter of the Alphabet , or Juch a mans name. This engine added to the Schifmarical High Commiflion or Committee of Clandestine Eliminations , is better than any fpriog or trap to catch any a&ivc Presbycerian thit lies erode to the defign of the Godly, They may fuppofe any mans name to lie hid under fuch or fnch Characters and Cyphers, and fo accufe Ivm by virtue of this myfte- riousart, ofaydingor complying with the Scots or the Prince , and pin whatfoever the Faction pleafeth to call Treafon upon his fleeve; thefe are the Arts of the Godly to make Innocency it felf feem nocent, and remove out of the way fuch as hinder the erecling the Kingdom of the Siints. Thefe Letters fodecyphered, were afterwards at a Conference reported to the Lords. Wcdnefday, 9 Auguft* The Anfwer to the City Petition (the 1 16 day before delivered to the Houfe of Commons) was reported to 7lj- %~n? P-tir rhe Houfe. It was an Anfwerto force of the Prayers of that Eotl0n *«*««* titiononiy, bo.r gave no Anfwer to their defires, for the Di ban. ding of all Armies to eafe the people of c heir Burdens. The refto* ring of the peoples Lawes and Liberties, The enjoyning all Mem- bers to attend the Houfe ; nor to the eff ftual obfervation of the ielf- denying Ordinance : this laft is a n li ms tange re ; if all Mem- bers fhould be enjoyned ro be fcif-denving men, there would be few Godly men left in the Houfe ; How mould the Saints poffeffe the good things of this world ? yet (after ioqie debate, and oilers ex* preffionsufedby Weaver znd Harvej,T at it appeared by the Pe- tition that the City wo.ild defert the Parliament) they gave an An- fwer to their defices concerning the union to be kept with Scotland, and a Ceflition of all a&ef Hostility during the Treaty cf Peace ; That they hd Voted the Array under D.ike Hamilton Enemies, and Declared, They would Ad accordingly againft them, to which they would adhere. Miller Hunger ford argued, Thar becatife the Lords had denyed 11? toconcurr in che laid Voce, he conceived the Houfe could make no T&Coinmon* fuch Declaration, nor acl therein without them. This put the dtJ9aL.c ro cake Zealots intoi flame, that any Me bet drev Wall Was Secjueftred after bts death. The cafe was di- veifly argued ; it was alleged , that in cafes of the highefi Treafon no man Was condemned after death becaufe he ft as not then in being to avfwer for himfeif, there could be no -proceeding in Law a gain fl a non ens.In Felony if a man Void (land mtiteyhe forfeits not his lands y becaufe there wants an Atfwer, and yec it was his own faok c>o: to r. The Parliament is bound by all their Declarations made both to the KING and People , and by the National Covenant whicn contains all thefirft and J aft Principles of the Parliament", to defend the Lws and L bertics of the Land , and not to fubvert them, Take heed of giving fo dangerous a Prefident for Kings to act by hereafter sgainft the People, and againft this Parliament and their friend- $ iince no man yec knows which way the tkle may turn. Bat the Independent Faction ( whofe intereft it h to keep themielves rich, and all men eife poor ) argued the cafe m :er- ly upon point of profit and conveniency , and neglected the right and jw of the bufineffe. They alleged, That men of defter ate refo- Ititions would not regard the lojfe of their own lives ft as they might preserve their Wives and Children-. Thai the State(zs they pleaied to ilile \i)won!d lofe much bj feck an example , they could not there- fore approve of the lenity of the Lords and Commas ufed in walls cafe ; many had been Sequeftrid after death ,and fo arguing a failo adjirs , alleged , that incafd of Monopolies, fatisfal'Hon had been awarded out of dead mens Efiates. But they forgot that out of S.queftrationsno fatisfadionisgivento the parties wronged, the Committees and Sequestrators imbczelling the profits of th.m to increafe their own gains, not bellowing them to re- pair injured mens lofles , and fo the equity upon which this Prefi- dent is founded , faileth in cafe of Seqaeftrations. Thus you fee the'e 1 reedy Canibal Saints( like the hungry dogs that ate lefabel) will devour carrion ? or any thing that will make them fat and full : yet they declared, They were willing this Scqueftration fhtuld be bt$ wed upon Mafter Copley as a Gratuity , n:t as a Right for fiar of the example. Obferve, that if Matter Copley had waived his Tide hv Compofition , and accepted this Wardfhit) as a Gifc , they would prefently have publiflied it in their News booh , and Gilbert /^^offliouldhave proclaimed to all the wodi , that Presbyterians 1 3 ° The Hijiory of Independency. Presbyterians and Independents might be thought alike guilty of iropoverifhing the Kingdom : for the Fadion labours nothing more than to have Companions in their fins and (bames; Ac Jait it was pafcd , That Mr. Copley (hould have the Waid/hip rcfWed to him f but great care taken it fnould not be drawn into example hereafter , that a man may not be Sequcftred for Delinquency af- ter bis death, Cavete v obis mart ui atq-^fepulti, dead mens Graves are not fecure from thefe Lycmthropi, thefe Lon-garons. Monday, iA.Augu/1. Mafter Bully ley in the name of himfelf I19 and his fellow- Commtflioner Sir /. Hipptfly ( fent to the King TheMeirengers to acquaint him with the Vote of the two Houfes, That they dc~ to the King, fired aTreaty with the King upon the Propofitions o/Hampton- M?ffaoV kftfc C°UrC ** whatTlaCe °fthe Jfl"*d*f Wight He (hould thinker, and Houfeof n l that the Treaty (hall be with Honour, Freedom , and Safety t* His Common?. Majefiy ) Reported to the Houfe of Commons all the circom- ftances and emergencies of their imploymcnt , ( the Kings Let- ter of Anfwer being carried to the Lords by the Earl of Middle* px, and • herefore not delivered to the Commons for the prefent) which with much candor were related as followeth, That the KING bad them welcom, faying , they c^me about aWelcom bufineffc (PEACE) which no man de fired with more earnefl* xeffe than Himfelf '; and if there did not enfue a Peace , the fault (hould not he at his dore ; and that He feared no obftr actions from any but thofe who gained by the War* He farther faid , that His Afajefty d fired ( immediatly after the delivery of the Votes ) to jpeakj* word With them in private , which they mode fi ly exc fifed for want of Commiffion. That about two days after his Mujefty feeing f he laid Cornmifli oners of the Parliament (landing in thePre* fence Chamber , firit beckoned the Earl of Middlefex to him , and had fomefliortdifcourfefingly with him, and then with Sir John Hippefly mi Mafter Bulkeley one after another. Thefe three Gentlemen afterwards comparing their notes,* found the Kings difcourfe to every of them to be all to one ef£:c% viz.. Ex* pr effmg His de fires of a good peace ; and importuning them to do all goodOffces conducing thereto* He farther related, that when they took^ leave of His Majcfiy, He delivered His Anfwer in writing to them unfealed ; celling them, He doubtednot their fidelity ', though ill nfe had been mad: ofHU lafi Anjwer which he fent open % it ha* vhg been debated in private^ a prejudice put upon it \beforc it was pu- The Hiftory of Independency, i 3* frefentedntheHoufes. This free and unpartial Report fhewing how earned his Majefty is for Peace , did the King (o much Right, thac the Antimonarchical Fidion looked upon it as done to their wrong , and Herbert Morley prefently fpit out his Ve- nom to thi* purpofe,Mr. Speaker,T/v/* Gentlemen have delivered, all toy oh but What tbej factoid deliver % that is , the Kivgs Anfwtr, which they havefujferedfirsl to he carried to the Lords;they might have delivered) on at lea ft a Cefj thereof { it fliould feem Morley had forgot th*t the Houfe proceeds not cpon Copies ) My motion is, that fince the fe Gentlemen have exceeded their Commtjfion by conferring privatly With the King, the Houfe way do well either to qtteftion ttoem therefore , or give them an A3 of Oblivion for their goodfervice : This was cried upon a long time by the whole ken> nell of the Faction 3 and ar laft put c fTnll the next day , when the Lords fending down the Kings Letter , the Houfe {hould have the whole bufint fle before them. The next day being Tuefday, 15 Augitft , the Kings aforefaid T, ^^^ Letter of Aniwer with divers Votes thereupon were fent down Meffeitgers a- from the Lords to the Houfe of Commons, when prefently the gaiQj a Beagles of the Fdion fpenr theifi mouths freely againft the (aid Commiflloners again for lending the KING the civility of an eare in private, as abovefaid. After a long debate, at laft this Objecti- on (lopped the Mouths of Malice it felf , That if thefe Gentlemen hadreportedan averfnejfe in the King to Peace (and aggravated His Wvrds as other Mefongers had formerly done , thereof the Kingfeem'dto complain)it would have proved a welcome dtfcovery% and have been regarded Wtth Thanfy infteadofan Ail of Oblivion. So with much adoe, Thanks were given to the j aid Gentlemen with approbation of their proeedings. The fame day the Militia of London were called into the Houfe l f1., of Commons % where Alderman Gybs in the name of the Com- ^^-''co n- mon-Council and Militia (not by Petition^ but in a fa Speech ) ceming'p.-ivace delivered the fears and jealoufies of the City ( even of the gra- Lilting by veil, wife(t,ar.d bed affected ) occasioned by Skippon's underhand ^W»> and Lifting ot Schifmaricks, Antimonarchifls; hsfetting up thereby a th^tlnta of power againft a power, to the endangering of a civil War within1 ty' the Bowels of trie City ; weakningof the Trained Bind?, de- busing Servants from their Matters, Children from their Pa- rents. Ihat under colour of Skjppo?Ss private Liftings, other pri- S vate Ij2 Tjje Hijlory of Independency. vate Liftings were carried on by the Malignants, the Magiftrates of the Cicy not being able to queftion cither, and diftingu-fh one from the other. That fear wts a violent p:flj)n, and was now grown fo univerfal , that the Common Council knew not how to give fatisfaclion therein, the Citizens ufually clamouring , that if the Houfes did not give them leave to look, to their Jafety^ they muft have recourfe to the Law of Nature ^d At~h in their Militiawitk- cut the Houfes intrdtr to S 'elf- defence, allowable by all LaVos^and pratlifedby this very Parliament againft the King-find by Fairfax's Army again ft this Parliament, The Prayers of his Speech were three. i. That Skjppon's Lilted men might be under the Militia of the City. 2. That the expired Ordinance for Lifting Forces might be re- vived. 3. That the Militias otWeftminfler , Southward and the Ham- lets, might be united with the City as formerly. To this claufe of having recoui fe to the Law of Nature for Self- defence , great exceptions were taken in the debate of the Houfe by the two Afhes, Ven, Harvy, Scot, Weaver , and other of the Godly pack. That the Parliament having fought with the King -far the Militia , and having got it by the Sword, any other Inter eft , upon any title whatfoever fhoulddare to lay claim to any part of it. You fee thefe Lyons of the Tribe will allow no Beafts of diffe- rent kind to fhare with them in their prey , although they did iweat and bleed with them in the hunting and catching of it. The Grandees may as well fay they have conquered cur Laws and Li- berties ; for ( as I have in my General Concluftone cited ) they fay, That they fought with the King for his Xegative Voice find Legif* iative Power , and that God hath by the Verdict of the Sword given judgement for them^ and yet when the King claimed them by a better and more legal Title than the Sword, they could objeel the equity of the Laws againft the killing letter of them, which theyiay,dire&sftilltotheequicabkfenfeor" all Laevs, as difpen- cing with the very letter thereof, as being fupreme to it when fafety and prehrvation is concerned , and alleging > That all Ah- thortty is feat ed fundamentally mthe Office ^nd bat mirrilerially in theperfottS' and that it is no refifting of Magistracy to fide with the inft Principles of Nature, See the Declaration and Papers of the Army The Biffory of Independency* i 3 j Army, p* 30' 4°« an(* tne Exa& Collect, p. 1 ?o. tf* */*£/ /^a* * In conclufion ,- after a tedious debate- thedefires of the Citizens were referred to a Committee of the Houfe to be wyer-drawn into an Ot dinance, That all Forces raifed, and to be raffed in the City of 'London ,& t hehiberties t hereof ^ould be fubftl to the Mi- litia ofL®ndon(whercQfSk/ppo* is a Member) and under the Com* mandof Mafr General fkippon. When this Ordinance will be perfected, what the fcnfe and meaning of this Riddle is, and whit dangers msybefoli theOty if Colcbefter be taken, or ths Scotsbeitevy before they have leave to put the nfe Ives into a po- {ture of defence, God knows. It was farther referred to bring in an Ordinance for unicing the aforefaid Militias. You fee how jealous they are of late of the Militia , fince the Grandees enter- tained new Principles, and new defigns. Jn the Prepofitions pre- fentedto the Kingzt Newcaftte, the Propofition for the Militia hath this provifo, Provided that the City cf 'London Jkall have and enjoy all their Rights, Liberties , Franchifes andCufloms^ and V fa- ces yin raifing and employing the Forces of that City for the defence thereof in at full and ample manner to all intents & purpofes->as they have, or might have ufed or enjoyed the fame at any time before the making of this Aft or Propofition ; to the end that City may be fully a /fared jt is not the intention of the Pari. to take from them anj Pri~ vileges or immunities in raifing & diffofmg of their Forces,Which they have ,or might have ufed or enjojed heretofore* This is a c\zqz ccnfefljon,th3t by the antient Cuftoms and Uiages of the City,they haveRi^ht to their own MUtia, orelfe this yrovifo were vain $ howioever the learned Counfelofthe City fool them. The like provifo word tor word is contained in the Propofition for the Mi- litia of Hampton Court, faving that the laft claufe, That the Citj may be affured the Parliament hath no intention to take from them any Privileges, &c. is omitted, I think topleafc the Army and their engaged party. See the Letters, Papers, Tranfadions of the Englifli Comm.ffioners in Scotland with the Scot* ,&c. p. 58. Wcdnefday 1 6 Auguft. The Kings faid Letter was read, and , ***. the Lovds Votes thereupon : firft, ( after fome little oppofition ) Voctcs °r)0*fl the Commons concurred with the Lords in recalling the 4 Votes t;ie Kings Let- for makjng and receiving no Addrejfes to or from the King : there- ter, debated in by, 1 . Ablolving Him from a kind of Parliamentary Excommuni. £e Houfc of ftUO* Commons. St. 2, Re- m The Hijlory of Independency. t. Reftorng to all Free-borr .Subject the Liberty they areborn to , of prcfennng their humble defires to His Majefty, and perfor- ming the duties of their Allegiance and Oath. P And J. Reducing thsmfdvei unto that fcope, and end forwlvch only the Wnt fumrnons them as a Parliament, *«. 7,TrZ »'<*"<*.»£ The fecond Vote, was, To rlcak the InfiZ Hions of Parliament g,ven to Himmond, how to carry kmktftn H,*,o e. Tb« ; was laid by, to bedebated in the laft place, after all ihe reft of the Lords Votes. The third Vote read wa< Tkfefkr' men of ,11 profeffions 04 the King (hould fend for, 'as of'necefariJ, to Hmm the Treaty, may be admnted to & m him, an!,hlt He might be tn the fame fiate of Freedom He *„ in when He »„ I, fiat Hampton-Court. This Vote (.nftead of concurring with the Lords)was divided The firft pa.t (after mary objV.ionfto it) was moulded into this following queft,on. and carried in the affirma- tive 1 hat HvjHsyfi, might fend for men of all profeJfon7,Zd Hebetngaefiredfirfitofend in a Lfi of their Names to the Pall ana nominating no Perfon exceed out of Pardon , mne that have been *M**f- *g«*ft the Parliament, nor any man that III derreflrasnt of the Parliament. The latter part of this Vote , for enjoytngfmb Freedom a, He wot in at Hampton Ciurt was di Wa'T 1 ;'' *e Amb'T0u(ne<{c oflt • th;que(t,on being Whether fab freedom at the Parliament allied Him or fiZh freeaem as the Army ( for their own ends ) gave H,m, de faflo were intended? z laft the queft.on was agreed to be inTnminl' The fourth Vvty m^Thatthe Scots Jhould be incited to the 7rea'- tit th.ihkew.tem, doubtfully argued,. ,. Aether they ZZd be wvstedbythe Parliament? confidering they had broken the iTrZ Treaty, National C»venant,andp-nion,by fxrprUinfandGarrifi, fhoHldbe left to, he King to invite the Scots to fend feme perfonlal thor^d toTreat uponfveh Profofitions as theyjboild ml Z th. Jmereft of Scothnd only? This likew.fe was oppofed to. the rea! fons aforcfa.d and becaufe the Power and Authorit- of sLlTd was now in the hands of Duke Hamilton and , £ f, «* ed perfons, who were not hkely to fend any of rhervr" , fo£ ly patty to Treat, whereby J Treaty vioXe unJot to The TJtftorj of Independency* x « j to thedifadvant3ge and urine of the Godly and of the Church, our only friends there: And Mr. A (hurt! xJmd, That the major part of the vatt Parliament ©/"Scotland over-potyred the m nor pat t by an Army^andfogo, the Engagement and other A els , and the Co* mittee of Ef: ate s faffed . againft which the Afj'embly of the KirkX confining 0/400 per fins ) declared with eve lroice> I know rot whit he meant, by laying tht nujerpart in Scotland ov^rpo^o* y ed the mimr ; when I consider that mejtr pars efoinet raximem totitujht major part is virtually the Parliament, to which the mi- nor put muft fubrait 5 although here in EngLnd the letfer part of the Parliament engaging and confpfring with an Army (whom themfe'.ves in a full and free Parliament had formerly declared E- nemies to the State ) overpowred the greater pare, contrary to reafon and practice. This queftion feemed to agree with the fenfe of the Independents reafonably well , becaufe it leaves it only to the pleaiure of the King to Treat disjunctively with the Scots upon the fole Intercft of Scotland, as men no wayes concer- ned in the fettlement of Peace in England, ; whereby it is tacitely inferred , that the Treaties , Covenant , and Union between the two Kingdoms is diflfolved , fo the queftion aforelaid was put with this addition, That if the King (hall be plea-fed to invite the Scots ro fend fome Per fens Authorized, &c. the Parliament will give them fife coniuZ. Theflfch Vote of the Lords was, That Newport in the Iflind of Wight (hould be the face of Treaty : to which the Commons concurred. With thefe debates ended this Week the 1 9 day of Augufi. About this time came forth a Book entituled , £ The necefftty of 1 3 $ the ab flute power of all Kings - and in particular, of the King of A pefti'em England J concerning which, I am to adrnomfh the deader , tfta ? ' » cfn^i it is conceived to be a Cockatrice hatched by -he A '*.ri monarch;- ^(le^abio/It cal Faction, to envenorae the people sgainit the KING and p rm« IfKmJ PRINCE. &t.y The nest Week begins with Monday 21 Auguft, of whofe proceedings I can give you only an imperfeel icamo'mg relation ; andfo (hall furceafe all farther endeavours in this Kind, becaufe I have already delivered enough for your Inftru&ion , if Gcd have rot appointed you to be led bluidfold into he pit dig- ged for your deftruftion ; biu principally becaufe my good Geni. tu , that furnifheth me with Intelligence , hath now retired S 3 } hiiafelf 1 3 6 The Htfiory of Indepe/tcieacy. himfelffromafting without hope, to praying with faith, for his Country; being tired out with hearing and feeing fo much finne aid folly asnowraignsat Weftminfler : and I love not much to take news upon truft ftora the vulgar Peripatetic^ of the Hall. Mr. Mastjns Thechief things of note were. More Complaints of Henry M*r- Icvelling *J«, who now declares hxmkWfor a Community of Wealthy as weii Pra&ice* and .as of Women, tralpretefts again ft Khg, Lords, Gentry, Lawyers^ Principles, an£ ( Urgy , r.av, againft the Parliament ?tf*lf in who'e bofome this Viper hath been f offered, and againft all Magiftratcs ; like a fecond Wat TjUr% rf| Pen and Ir.khorn-men muft down. His Le- velling Dod'ineisconceined*in a Pamphlet, called, [" Englands T 'fail n Tr gland, and (tn trTwd} Waire denounc :d ag^initthem. i ? 5 N'-xt> tl e O dinance/^r transferring over to the Militia of Lon. slfjppon's donSkip-on'spoVreroflfitng men in London, was paiTedin the L:ftings. Hepfe or Commons, with this Co; quirtida |nit> That Skippon ftx-uldnamc and apt int ( ommrnders and Officers for tht Forces li- fted, to be approved of by the Mi litia fl/Loncion. A Letter fid m Oliver Cromwel was read in the Hcufe of Com- l36, mors, relating h i* ea fie viBcry over Duke Hamilton and Major WaTi.! tters GeKt Bay ty» (which puts me in mind otOvids Vi&ory over Corin- lo Aug.i648. **t of whom he faith, Villa eft, non agre, prodiicne fua . ) and conteining an admonition not to hate Gods people , Veho are as the apple of his eje% and for Vchom even Kings fhaH be reproved : and exhorting the Speaker ( to whom it was written) to fulfill the end of his Magt ft racy , that all t hat Will live peace ably and quietly (viz. in V-iffalage to Oliver and his Faction, and negled Religion, Laws, and Liberties) may have countenance from him* (God blefle all ho- rn ft men from the light of Oliver'* counter nce,left an ignis fatum m (kad them from the duties of their Ch*hs of Allegiarce , Srpre- rnacy, Pivitc [ration, ard Covenant) and they that are implacable , way fpccdily be deftroyed cut of the Land. To prepare the way to whofe defirui'uon, it was Oidered, Maitial Law That an Ordinance be penned, and brought tnto the Houfe of Com" in London. mons, to try all fuchby Martial Law in the City of London as fhall be fcur.d to plot, defign, or contrive any thing, to endanger the Parliament or City. And yet Lwdon is no Garrifon now as it was 7 fe Hi (lory of Independent a. * 3 7 was when Temkins and Challoner were tried ; nor is thee any Enemy confiderable in the Field , whereby the known Laws of the Land may not paiTe currently through the Kingdom : but our known Laws are nor. wricten in blood ; nor a e they fo flexible as to make ail Traytors, the FacTon pleaiah to call iiich. Yet ascruelasthefeC3co-fbc-gos of the Fa&ion 3re to force, 138 they have rrercy enough for Rolf, whofe Bayl was again excee- to//5* BjvI dingly prtff-d: and that his two Profeci;tors Ofbttrn and D9*c$t*&*a?i*&& fhouid be under reftraint in his ftead ; whom they hive forejudged ( out of the Kind's Letter to the Houfcs ) net to be able to prove their information , whereas it may be difcretion in the King not ro encreafe his danger by acknowledging it. Saturday, %6 Ats^ufi. The King's Letter to the Committee r59 cf States in 5W*W, &c, in Anfwer to their Letter fent to Him Letcerr h* by Hdybmon ( which Letter wis taken from Halj-barton , Scares of seat* ahhough a publique Minifter of State, acd allowed by Parliament land caken to carry their Letter to the King ) was read in the Houfe of Cora- from Har- mons. bmm* I hear in general, that it was excellently well penned , and a ve- ry juft, honcft, and peaceable Letter. Yet it was Voted, neither to be lent to the Lords , nor to be reftored to Haly-barton^ bur dsmned to clofe imprifonment in a Box, under Seal; left the people fhouid know how truly zealous his Majefty is tofett'e Peace in the Land: a myftery their underft-ndings muft not be truft- edwithall. • #$$$ ♦♦♦♦♦♦f s i $f>$ '■$$* $♦$♦$$$$$$$$ i $#: J»$ Prolegomena* PromifeSyProteftAtions^and Covenants ^ made by this Parliament in behalf of the Kivg avd'Peipte. AFter a repetition of many good Ada and Cor.ce'Tions o6tai- ned by this Parliament of the Ku g for the cafe of the People, j^ce^er they fay farther, that other things of main import a- ccfor the good of r $ jt. nxad, this Kingdom are in Proportion , efrc* which jet before the end of Colic ft, f. 1 7. this Sejfion they hipe may nceivefime p^^grejje and perfections As the eftabli[hing and ordering tb: Kings Rwennuc}&c,Tbe Regula- ting t * § Zfo Hifiory of Independency. ting of Courts of I st ft ice , ant the abridging both the delates and Charges of LaW Suies,&c. Preventing the exportation of Gold and Silvery and the inequality of Exchanges betWcen this and other Kingdoms-, improving the Hsrrivg fi'hing upon our Coafts,&c. which rhings in all their Proportion; and Addreffes to the King have noc been once mentioned , nor any thing elle but what makes for the pr« fr,prefei'ment4andpovverofa few ambitious Grandees ofthePa^amenr, andAimy; in order to which, they demand the Militia of a (landing Arm.', with an arbitrary power toraiic what Forces by Land and Sea, confiding of what perfons , and to raifc what furns of Money out of every mim Eftate they pleafe : which power the King hach not to give, neither did He nor His Anceftors ever exercife : the only Militia they ufed having been ckher the Poffe Commit at ui tinder the Sheriffs , which is very legal and ind- ent, or the Militia of Trained B-inds tinder Lord Lie tenants, and their Deputy Lieutenants , which is a new invention. Nor did the policy of our Law ever truft the power of the Sword, and the Purfe in one hand, for fear of enflaving the People. Ex.Col p- 1 P. They farther declare, That it is far from their purptfi or defire to let loofe the Golden reigns of Difcipline and Government in the Church , to have private perfons or particular Congregations to take up what form of Divine Service they pleafe, becaufe they hold it re tjHifite that there Jh ould be throughout the whole Realm a Confor* miiy to that Order Which the Laws enpyx, . They farther fay thert, That the gracious favour His Ma'yftie Ex.Co.p.203. eXprepji» the Bill for continuance of 'this Parliament ^and the *d* vantage andjecuritj which they thereby have from being Diffol- vedy fhaU not encourage them to do any thing, wh ch otherwife had not been fit to have been done, pCI 181 They conclude the faid Declaration thus, 7X^/^7^/^ »«r^f (1 it fhallin the end appear to all the World,that their endeavours have been moft hearty and fine ere, for the maintenauce of the true Protc- fiant R.Ugion^The Kings jusl Prerogatives, The Laws and Li' bertics of the Land , and the Privileges of Parliament, in Which indeaveurs ( by the Grace of God) they would fill perfift , though th y [hrjuldperi[h in the Work^ E C1p*7* In their Declaration, 4 June 1642. The Lords and Commons do ' dtdare,!n?rff /£* Defign of their Proportions for Plate & Mony is, Tc muntain the Protectant R4i?ion , the King's Authority and Per/on 7te Hiflory of hi depends, t)\ 1 3 9 Terfenjn his Royal Dignity »yThe free Courfe offuflictflhe L»\\*s cfthe Land, (what then becomes of Mmia] Law, and Committee Law?) The Peace of the Kingdom^and Privileges of Parliament* In their Proportions for bringing in Money and Plate, 10 fu>:e Ex.C0Lp.34o' 1642. the Lords and Commons declare, That no mans affetlions (hall be measured according t» the proportion of his offer 9 fo that he exprefs his good will to the Service in any proportion whatfoever , (that is, fo that he in gage with them) yet nocwithftanding the 29 Novemb. following, the fame Lords and Commons appointed a Ei.Col f.76?. Committee of 6 petfons, who fhould have fofter to e^jjefs allfuch ptrfons as were if ability , and had not Contributed, and fitch as had Contributed, yet not according to t her ability ^ (which is now loo- ked upon 1 s a Malignancy) to pay fuchfums of Money ^acctrdwg to their Eflates, as the ^{fttfors, or any of them fbmld thinl^fir, fo as the fame exceeded not the 20 part of their Eflates. The power ii ftill exercifed by all Country Committees, to a 5 and a 20 part, charged upon all men,even fuch as have been deftroyed and undon, or laid forth themfelves beyond their abilities, for their fervice to this Parliament. In the National Covenant taken by this Parliament, and by them impofed upon the K-n^dom to be taken with hands lifted up to the mofi High GW,the Lords and Commons vow,To maintain the King's Per/on , Crown and Dignity, in Defence of Religion, Laws* and Liberths^ &c. Tofu?prefs all Errors, Herefiesy Blasf>htmie?% and Schijms^ axd to defend one another mutually in the fame wo^ Vffirh their lives and fortunes; yec is the fame Covenant now caft afidf ,and called, An Almanack^out of dste, Mmy men have been pumflied for attempting to keep it. And ( I hear ) the Houfeof Commons are now upon palling an Oidinance for Martial Law to be executed tn Londor -upon allfuch perfonsas having takj* the faid Covenant, (hall attempt or defigv any thing againfi the P.trla. mentor Ott) 0/ London : what is this but to impole a ipecial penal- ty upon inch as n^ve taken the Covenant, ard leave thofe that have net taken i; free ? Ad who doubts but that the faid Council of Warr {ball confift of Ar:tumonarchxal Schifmaticks and Ant i- covena iterator the mod part, who llull (tretch every word to the tirmoft extent. And th s is now in brtwing,contrary to the Petition efRghtj Caroii^ Magna Chartay no confiderable enemy being in the £ield,and the Courts of Juftice in rVefimUsler hall fitting : j 140 \ The Hifiory of Independency. ^ n jy, I hear (like Janus Bifrons ) this Law ( if I do not mifcall it ) looks backwards to A'/c>; 5000!, in money; Fri- deaux hath 1 00 1. a Week benefit by the Poft-Maiurs place ; his whole Lftite( before this Parliament ) was harldly worth 1000 1. nor is he eminent for any thing but impudence and arrogance* Mr. Rowfe h\th EMo>iCol!tgr, worth Soo 1. per tz»n. and a Lealcof that College worth ('ooi. per an urn , Sh)r,'t!li. Cafile worth 600I, per annum, bravely wooded: Alder. Hojl ofVorl^e, the Tr€afurer3 Remembrancers Orfice : Mr. SalLnvay a poor Grocer, the Kings Remembrancers Office; ncuhei or "which, are able to read an} ore Record in thole Offices. 'Tbo.Scot, L*mb:tk~l:o"fe '. Sn }Vil. Breretcn, Croyden- houfe. Col. Harvey ^Fh'k am and N*nrich-bjrtts , eV; ard jh.ire tki fat of the Lt>:d between them jew of them pay any 7*.**/, but all the Lavdrayes Tribute to them. Jc is thought 1 his Fafthn, their u-d r- Age -as and Faclors have coft this Commonweal: b above 20 millions OCVCX laid foi h in any pu61ick fervice ; n*v>the Trttfmrtrs v d Pnbtieans of vhis Fattio,! have clipped and Wafhedmoii of ;he Money that comes into their fingers bcfoie they pay it forth , knowing that am money that comes out of their fingei s will be accepted : tm Gel l~Jm.tl:s are thought to be dealers this 7*..y, yet they lay the bhme on the Sco- tt(h Army, as the ( *ckj\t I ys & r !roxi tn rtbtr Nefts. Th. i^jc„ca„ 5. Having thus imp.d their wings foi flight, they lu;e provided aiIUS provided therafcWes of places of retreat in cafe they cannot nuke good of placet of their Handing in Engird : Inland is kept unprof ided for, that rcnaauo fa they may find room in ic when neccJity driven them thither. If10, t 3 ' their i^ The Hiftory of Independency. their hopes fail in Ireland , they have N ew-England, Bermudas , B*rbadus> the Cariby Ifks,th * Ifle of Providence) Eleutheria, Ly- gonU, and other phces to retreat to , and lay up the fpoiis vf En- gland in: nay they uiually tend chefts ard veffels wich money , plate zn&gcod* beyond ^ea , wich pajfes from the two Speakers to let them p iff e without fearc'hingi the Navy is in their power co accomm ^ciace thus flight, and by their inRrumenrs called Spi- rits , they have taken up many Children and fenc them before to be Slaves and drudges to the Godly in their fchijmatical Plantati- ons, as the Turk takes up Tribute Children from the chrifltans to furnilh his nurfery of Ian if -tries; and fo they have their A gents that buy upaikhe Guid :hey can g& ^Cromwell not long fince of- fered noool in (ilver for the 1003I. in gold; befides he is well furnifoed with the Kings lewels taken in his Cabinet at Nazeby ; many of them known lewels, as the Harry and the Elizabeth. 6* Nor snail the vulgar fort of Independents either in Parlia- 6 ment.t Army, or. City, fare better tnan the reft of the Kingdom. Tb|C Vu'?iar ^e Grandees both of Parliament and Army endeavouring to Independent^ adjonrn lhe Parliament , and draw all the power of both Houfes propcrt&s'to into the Committee of Derby houfe , confirming but of 30. or 4c. the Grandees, the reft of the Independent Members will find rheir power d*(fol- ved in the Adjournment , and fwallowed up by that Committee, and their fervices forgotten; nor (hall they have any power in the Militia i which is the only quarrel between them and the King ; the Grandees diidaining to have fo many Partners in that when they have got by their own wits ; for know, that the Grandees have always been winnowing the Parliament". Fifft, they win- nowed out the moderate *»* #,under the notion of the Kings party \ then the Presbyterians , and now they will winnow forth the lighter and more chaffy fort of Independents , who itand for the Liberty of the People; t thmg which Cromwell now czWah, A fancy not to be engaged for; and fo they w ill bring ail power into their own hands. Thus hiviug contracted the Parliament into a Com- mittee of Safety , they will adjourn themfeives(though the Parlia- ment cannot ) to Oxford or fome other piice which they more cor.fide in than London : and this is the fetling the Kingdom With- out the King , they fo much aim at 5 and which , they had ra- ther the people fhould be brought practically and by infenfible degrees, than by Declarations held forth co them beforehand, or by The Hijtovj of Independent]. \t^ by politic^ LtUures in the Pulpit. Thus it is decreed, that this Ca- bal of Godly men at Derby-houfe ftall with a military Ariftocra* c/, or rather Oligarchy , rule this Afaf*V*with zrodoflron , and break *£«« in pieces like a Potters Veffel. Obferve, that theO^/w^r* by which the Committee of Derby- houfe is revived, and the addition of Power to it, are purpofely penned in foch ambiguous terms, that //* *£*/• /W/? *Awd,un~ !S.mg> and 1 ■ i V 'fa Km^dom. ; 4 g The Hrfor) of Independency. der which they and their Pofterity weres& were likely tt belo hip- pily lovernsd^and betray Religion unto HcreVckj &$chifmitick/9 And (hare the fjjoils of the Commonwealth between thewjmi ihi*k^ cf eurichtng themf elves with them i*tf?re;n La»ds ; yet ma y at the beginning mnchdiflik^dy that Relig-on fhouid be uied ss an in* gredient to the carrying on of a Civil War, and rtm Sihifm tickj Ihould have To great a ftroak in managing the bufinefs ; yet were pacified with this confidcration, that we muft refute no helps in our defence :if amin be all-uked by Thieves on the high -way, he will not refufe to joyn wkh Schifmaticks or Turks in a comnrn - defence; the fame amhoriry that then countenanced thefe Schif- maticks ( it was hoped ) would be able to difcounrenar.ee them a- gain when the work was done. But the Grandees of the Houfes, (having other defi-nsj had fo often purged the H >ufcs, that they left lew honed moderate men in them to opp^ie their piojecls; fti!lbiing:ng in Schifmaticks, and men of rheirown intereft*, by enforced and undue Elections, into their rooms, and fo by infen- bie degrees, new modelled the Houfe fuitable to their own cor- rupt dellres, and new modelled the Army accordingly ; fo that the people ( who had no intention to be interctled fo far ) were ftep by ftep fo far engaged before they were -ware, that they could not draw their feet back , and do now find (to their gnef) that the Bit is in their mouths, the Saddle fall girt on their galled backs, and thefe Rtnk riders mounted , who will (pur them ( not only out of their Eftates, Laws, and Liberties, but) into Hell with renewed Treafons, new Oithes Covenant and Engagements , if they take not the more heed and De not chemtore rcfolute : they have changed their old honeit principles, and their old friends, who bore the fitft brunt of the bufine1*, and have taken new p.in- cipt s and friends in their room/uitable co their prefent delperate ddigns,and now (that they have iqueezed what they can cut of the Kings party ) they think of Jequeftiing their old friendi becaule they adhere to their eld principles. t0 10. Amongft thofe that art moft bitter againft the King, His Who are the own Servants (efpccially the Jftd*fi*s of the Committee of the K»"g? biiccrtftj^venue,that carry His purfe,and have fingered more of His Mo- ene»mes. ney ancj Goods than they can or dare give an account for) ire the grearefl Z-aloif, thofe that take upon them imployments about H&EUvcnue, andftnre what allowances to themldnsthey pleafe for The H/jlo/\ o f L: deocn deh cy. 1 4-7 for their pains ; thofe that buy in for trifles old deeping Penf ons, that have not been payed nor allowed this thirty year, and psy themfeives all arrears ; thofe that Rent parcels of the Kings Reve- nue,for the eighth or tenth part of the worth,as Con Holland, who rentethfor looLperann. as much of his Eltateasis worth 1600!. or 1 800I. per annum, Thus you fee the Lion (Lord of the Foreft) growing fiek^andyveaJi, become a prey, and is goared by the 0a* > bittenby the Dog, yea, asd kicked by the Afs. Look upon this prefident you Kings and Princes ,and call to mind examples of old, that of tX ebuchadne-z,zC,an& others./*/? by exaltingyour felves too high, j oh provoke God to c*ftyou too lo\%. When the Grandee Independents kavc a defireto raife new for- _ tl Ces, or eretl new Garrifrns, or ufe any extremity again]} the C ity. / ?r= 'C. n7 or Royal party, \bzy commonly ufher in their defign with repor- faiffi-Ncws. ting to the Houfe the difcovery of fome neVc -invented cok Jpiracy, or plot full of danger & defirutli on ;fuch as wasthiC ofmanj thoufand confecrated Knives, and then propound their own fo.-el..id de- fign as a counfellabJe way to prevent it ; and he that doth nut &«- (lily believe their Informations, or doth argue againfl the r me dies thej propound, (though he (hew never fo great inconvenierxy in them)is prefently cried out upon as a Malignant 9t hat doth not take the danger of the Parliament to heart , and branded by the blacky unguis of the Godly ; and when my great bufinefs is to be treated of in Parliament, or City, which they ekhctdefere to promoted to obftruft, they commonly publifh connterpit News, and Letters of great vitloriesandfuccejfes gotten by their Party in parts fo re- mote that they cannot in a Ihort time be confuted 5 this ferves to credit and animate their Party to go on boldly with thetr ftorke , and to difhearten their Opponents^nd though the profit and repu- tation of a he is feldom long-lived, yet if it Iaft fome few dayes , untill they have carried on their prefent bujinefsjhey Care not -.here- in they imitate a ski/full Architettor, who building an Anh, iup- ports it in the beginning with circular props, and pieces of Tim' ery untill he hath cloied it, and enabled it to fupporc it felf , and then throws away the props, When they have a defign to mine any man, before rhey fall o- 'z penly upon his per [on, thtyfecrerly undermine his credit and rep^mo]^a \.,r' a° j tat ion, thit afterwards they may opprefs him with aop/avf* , and Calumny; they are fo excellently well fitted with Agents and Instruments for this purpofe,that they can prove what they 1 ft. The clofe Com- U mittee i a!L hopelefs oftrav fbortation to foreign PI intations , the fi hi 'Cm attend treat & Refuge r j if j <~ . » j j of the Goc\yjGrand*es have made Col. Walton ( Brother-in-law to Cromwel) Governour ofLyn, Bofion, and Croft land, and of all that level of moraffe Ground in the lfles of Ely ^Holland, and Marfhland^whkh they can lay under water at plealure : it is a plentiful! and fttong F-iftnefs, able to feed 40000 men,beddes the o.dinary Inhabitants; there are but three pafc to enter ir,over three Bridgcs,upon which they have, or may build F>rts for their defence, and may from thence invade the adjacent Country at pleafure, being themfelves free from incurfions ; or they may (if they lift ) break down the faid Bridges. Thefe places (already ftrong by nature) they daily fort fie by art ; for which purpofc great fums of money have been fent to him, and rniKh Armsy Poftder, Ammunition ,and Ordnance from Wmdfor Caftle 1 Here ( when all other hdp> fail ) the Godly mean to take Santluary^WnChiW be their laft retreat from whence they will draw the whole Kingdom to Parlj upon Acvcles of trea- ty ,& enforce their peace from them at lafi. Jhzte are the fir at agemt of the Godly -.Thefe are our Saints, no where canonized but in the Devils Calendar* As The Hi ft cry of I me pen denry, l $9 As the Church of Rome is never unfunrfhed with dormant Ar- jcfes of Fa'tb upon Mcmet gent occtf.o^s; fo the Grandees arc Suppofitlti »us ierer unprovided of dormant Privileges of Parliament (which privileges or :hey c^li (by a new canting word) lex Parliimtnti^ IO( Members and Aldermen ; and whofoever pleads agxinft them in lis own defence , and flies from thofc Privileges to the known Laws for SancTiary , i* cried out upon for overthrowing the luiif- iiclion and Privileges of Parliament , and therefore guilcy of Ma- lignancy ; thus hhn Lylbttrn fufcrs : if he does not plead agamft them he laies his head on the block at the me cy of thofe merci leffe men. This net caught rrary a Wood- cock, until tht: faid Al- dermen and Sir John May nurd broke through it , and fpoiled the cock- road. The Grandees of the Parliament 2nd Army hive fo totally ,6 fubverted our fundamental Government and Laws , that ive ha? e The coniufion neither Monarchy r.or Common-wealth Lft; nonjam R spubhea this Morm- fed magnum latrocininm eft , we hive not fo much as a r.ceajd chyisbrdugh* {hadow of Government remaining ; we have a K I N G de jure, JSS?^ but fowholyeclipfedanddifabled to perfotm Ads of Govern- l0J^&Cl0i, ment by his clofc imprisonment , that ( for the prefent ) we hav«j no King d: facto , and every mm doth what feeraeth good in his own eyes; we have Magistrates, ludges> and Indices de fttto, but not being conftituted and ordained by any lawfull Authority , nor under any authentical Great Seal according to the Laws of the Land, they are not M'giftrates and Iudgesd* lure , fo that if we look upon the King our Supreme Governour , our violent Grandees have brought an lntcr-regnum upon us ; If upon our Mig'ftrates, Iudges, &c. they h?ve brought a Juflitittm(i torail eclipfe of Iultice ) upon us : It follows then , that both the impe- rative and coercive power of ch<: King and Magistrates , the 1 &'- litive power of the Parliament , the judicative power of the Iudges and Indicts , are all fufpended an 1 in Akcyaace : and 1 ke a Watch, when the pintipal wheels are broken, no put can move to perform its tunclion. Cont^emm a lefjitc in his Pol: faics, Me that w;ll introduce a new Rdiqion, or a nc^-frm of Go- vernment , n\uft utterly abolifh the oldy and ercEb his ne^v Fabric!^ upon the ruines of it. You Tee they hive been apt Scholars in this doctrine of che Iefuicc this 7 ye *rs , which rhey have fpent in De- Vz mol filing The Hijio/x of Independency* molifliing; but what form of Government our Grandees will ereel upon the mines they have made, doth not yet appear , nor how all juft interefts , and mens particular Eftates (hall be preferved from being buried under the ruines of this earthquake. The King is the only fupreme Governour of this Realm of En- 17 gland, to regulate and proteel the people by commanding the The Rct?al Laws to be obfaved and executed j and to this end He ( and He Legislative, & alone \ beareth not the Sword in vain ; yet the KlNGby him- IudicatYs. ^ felf can neither make, repeal, or alter auy one Law, without power UiU pe ^e concurrence of both Houfes of Parliameut, the Legiflative po\*>er redding in ail i.hree,and not in any one, or two of the three Eftates , without the third , and therefore no one or two of them can exclude the other from having a Negative voice in pairing, repealing, or changing of Laws ; nor can the King by himfelf, or joyntly with the Lords ard Common* judge What the Laty is , this is the office of the fwornludges of the t.vo Benches and Ex- chequer , who are the known Exp:>fi:or>, and Difpenfers of Law and luftice in all caufes brought before them, yea they do de- clare by what Law the King governs , thereby keeping the KING from governing arbitrarily and er Having the People. And thefe Iudges of the Law have always been authorized by rhe King • and all legail proceedings have been in his Name, and by His Autho- rity 1 200 years before MagnaCharta granted , or any fet form of Parliameut eftabliflied. The Law it felf is called, the K'ngs L iw ; the Realm % the Kings Realm. He is the fountain of j«- ftice y mercy , honour, witneffe all our Statutes, Law-books, and Hiftories, and the Oath of Supremacy, which every Member ta- keth before he fits in Parliament. Now for any one man , or any Afifcmbly , Court , or Corporation of men (be it the two Houfes of Parliament ) to ufurp thefe three poweis , 1 . The Governing power, 2, The Legiflative power, 3s And the Indicative power, jnto themfelves,is to make themfelves the higheft Tyrants,and the people the bafeft (laves in the world ; for to govern fupremcly by a Law made,and interpreted by themieives according to their own pleafure , what can be more boundleffe and arbitrary? they may put to death whom they pkafe for what caufethey pleafe,and con- fifcate his eftate to their own ufe ; yet this the two Houfes of Parliament, or rather an overpowring party in the two Hou- fes , feafoned with a Schifmatical humour of Angularity, have late- ly done. i. For The Hiftory of Indepndencie. 1 5 1 1. For the Governing power. 1. They coy n, enhaunce, anda- batc money, a. They make War and Peace, and continue an ex- traordinary Milicia of an Army upon us. 3 They declare who are Enemies to the Realm* 4» They maintain forein negotiations. 5, They regulate matter of Trade, and exercife other Regalities: whereas all Jura Regalia belong only to the King as Supreme Go- vernour. 2. For the Legijlttive power. They exclude the King from His Negative Voice, and the two Houfes obtrude their Ordinances (things fo new,that they are not pleadable in any Court of Iuftice) as Laws upon the people; laying an excife, AiTefTements,and Taxes upon the People: They Vote and declare new-Treafons , not known by the (htute 25 Edw.$. ror by any other known Law;yea even to make or receive any addrefTe to 3 or from the King; and they account it a breach of Privilege , if men do nor believe it to be Treaion, being once declaied. They out men of their free-holds, and imprifon their Perfons , contrary to Magna Ch*rtay by Ordi>, nances of Sequeftration, &c; 3. For the Indicative power* They ereel infinite many of new Iudieatories under them , as their Committees of complaints , of fecret Examinations, of Inderapnities-, their Country Committtes, where bufneiTes are examined , heard, and determined without, nay againft Migna Charta , and the known Laws : nay even in capital crimes they wave the Courts of Law , and all Legal pro- ceedings by Outlawry , Ind cTrnent , or Tryal by Peers , and Bdl of Attainder ; ( which is the only way of Tryal in Parliament: For the Parliament cannot judicially determine any thing , but by A<3 of Parliament ) and fetjup new-invented forms of proceedings be- fore the Lords ( even againft free Commoners, although the Lords be not their Peers ) as in the cafe of the four "Aldermen , &c- and the Arch- bi[bop of Canterbury : they defend thefe do- ings by a pretended necellity of their own making: but when the King had neither Army nor Garnfon in the Kingdom , and thereby this neceflity was removed , why did they not ( to pre- vent Tumults, Infurreftion?, and a new (var)content the People, and return all things into their old Chanel , and reftore to the people their Religion, Laws, and Liberties , being their firft prin- ciples, for which they engaged them to fpend their blood and treafure , and for defence whereof, they engaged themfelves and us in a Covenant, with Hands lifted up to the High God.? Why V3 did did they then provoke the Scots to a new War? butthst they might hive occallon to keep up their Army (till , ard inthrall the :iom: look epos their Dj&nne, as well as their 3: faid pncTce? , and you will find thac ill they do , i> but on a fori gn , to lav by the King and ci flive the Pe. ler the new ereded Kingdom or the Saints-, the Gri. Zhrej-bexft and the Army, In the Declaration againft the Scots Pjpt: . :-. Tbcf hive adjudged the King unfit to Govern, and p. 70 they fay, the power of the Militia was the princ pal caufe of their war, and qaarrel with the King- and in treir De- ration agair4r the King, 1 hey lay, they canno: confide in Him. Ic bath been commonly fpokrn in the Houfe of Commons, that the two Houfes , ray theHoufeof Com t. on? alone, is the Su- BC power of ths Nation under God. 16 March, l<54*. Bo.h Houses Voted it a High Breach or Privilege of Parliament , foe Df Period, ( not excepting King or Judge ) to oppofe their C - ds^or to deny that to dc Lhv , which the two Houfes decla- red to be ib. In th:ir Declaration a^ainft the Sc:ts lJapcr% p« 6$; The Members fay , That in all matters either concerning Cbondi or State, we have no Judge upon Earth but themfekes. Who will acccunt the Popes plenitude of power oaonftrous hereafter, th-t (ball obterve this Dodtine ana pracl ce of S_bjfc5b in Parliaments, claiming and exercificg a Supreme Government, (whereof the Militia is a part ) a Leglhtive and iudicative power ever the Coafcienfes, Lives, Liberties, and elates of their Fellow Subjects; And all thts undercolourofacecetlky, railed by therni elves cut of a : te the fet on foot againft the King , which they have aSrmatively adjadged and determined for themielves aga.rft :ing the Lws , Statutes , : the Realm- N-v tKe very Chens of Supremacy arc Aiiegpi . ill with one voice fpe*kagainlt them? \\ ho would think that a faction in Parliament, or any peft leffe than an Earth-quake or D^lige (boold =n years time reduce lo well-formed a Commoo-weakh into i'jch a Chaos: Yet even now the People are proTi-'u to be governed Dy the known Laws, and Ijdges are : to cktcrmi- e fu es according to the Laws. S^rtiy utthat dep ived h s VaiTals of a known Law trns were to difable them to a, :al;h, and fo ;. ": of Taxes and CunnYcatiuns. By the Li'.' g£**d9 a Villain was protected m his goods agiir.ft ali l)3 alt men, his Lord excepted: ThcTmkjfh Vsflalsheap up nodi wealth, and are p-o*ecled aga;r ft their fellow fiaves, though no: sgair ft their Grard Seigneoi v*.ho may feize their eftates , and take rheir lives at pleafure : And this is all -he protf £Bon the rer- pfcof£"£iWhavenowbythe Laws. We have the benefit of Law one againft another, jinkfs fome Powerfbll Member intef- poe) but againfl rhenro Honfes, or either o: them > Grsndee, what Law, what JuuTce, can proteel ooi lives, liber or eftire? r and yet we were al.owed heretofore to make our de- fence in Liw againfl the King. And until the King be again rtfte- red to hi? Right, exped no be'ter Right to be dor.e jcu by chff heedleis hesd-ftrong Faction in Parliament. The famine of all the r endeavours is no more but this ; The Grandee? o: Dcrtj-hmft and the Army have already by their-. Votes ofN§ AdArtjfcs^ end their fcandaloas Declaration,/^' by [cope of the the King^ar.dinBim Mor.vck;., ( r.otwitblnr.ding they delay Grandees cn- and fool the people with tedious debates of a Perfonall Treaty) karoma. And when this wnovttiin is digeftedb)' the people^ their next ftep will be to rmkeufe of the Schifma::cal, rYncifnonarchical parry in the Hnufe of Commons, Army and Cry. to vafi tftbt Hcufe of ftersy z$ Prerogative creatures and rags of Royalty : (force Sche- matic! Plebeian Lords excepted, who Qui] recruit the Power they lol'e in the Honfe of Lords, by being of the Committee of Berby-hcufe) and when the people are well inured to this change, and the grievance of it worn out by Cuftom, then to l.%y by the Honfe 9fC§mumtmii cmd nfitrf the f mi Power of tie King «*J Par- li.imsn: into the Committee of (afety at Derby- mcmfet who by way of preparation, doe ahead} ftiiethemfelves in all fcrein Negotia- tions, The STATES : Nay they doc already aftai! matters of moment at heme; and aflame unto themfeives all the properties sf a State, the Parliament being but a Sub-Committee to them, upon whom they put whit Impositions and Injunctions they pleafe; witneiT. the defign pu: upon the Houie of Commons for every Member to fubferibe what number gf ' Horf: he vtc. Utm r:r 4 Guard ; I know not whether to the Parliament , or to the Commitee of Derbj'honfe* I This difeafe being now come to its Cri Is, it is no hard matter to 19 prognofticac,Tha: nature (chat i?,the Kmg,our natural liege Lord) T- mult inevitablv prevail at lafi again ft this AntiraonarchicafFadion . *** ~: :"'5 tor (fade reaions, I.T&C i$ 4 7 be Hi(lory of Independency. I. The King can never wart a Party ; the Parliament ( or rather Antimonarchical fa&ion in Pariiamert) can never manage a party ,; without faclion and confufion. 1. The King may husband his treafure to His beft advantage : the fadion in Parliament cannot, but muft receffinl be cheated ; that they may be followed and befriended : fince only common crimes, and common profit glues and cements them together ; and only fuch are found to be confiding men to them. 3. The King is now difcovered ( to every common capacity ) to have all the known Laws on Hts fide : the Parliament all known Laws againft them, and the people will no longer be governed without Law, by new Arbitrary inventions. 4.The King hath recovered all rhe peoples £ffca natural phle- hot omyjbe longing to Politique, as well as to Natural bodies ; and. that fome good humors are always evacuatedwith the bad;yet I can- not bn deplore W hat I have obferved-Jhat the honefiefi & jufeefi men on both fid* es {fuch as, if they have done evtljlidit bicaafe they thought it good'fach as were carried afide Veith fpecious pretences , anbmxny ofthemfeducedbj Pulpit- devil sfwha transformed them- felves into Angels of light) have always fared worfe than other men% The HijUry of 'Independency, - %^ WW) eu if this difference between the King and Parliament )frere but a fyncrctiljmus or illufion againft bohesl wen : nayy 1 do further for e- feey thit %n the period andclofing up of 'this Tragedy ', they will fare worft of all Joe c a* fe they have not taken a liberty toinrich t hem fe foes whpublique fpoils^nd fat themfelves by eating out the bowels of their mother, but are grown lean and poor by their integrity ;wher by being di fabled to buy friendship in the da)es of Trouble, they Veill be put upon it to pay other mens reckonings When Verres was Prater o/Sicilp, he had with wonderful! corruptions pillaged that Province ; and at th? fame time the Prater c/Sardinis b.ingfnrenced for de- -peculating and Robbing that Province > Timarchide?, Verrcs Cotrt* fpondent at Rome, ftrit a very anxious Letter to him, giving him warning of it : But Verres in a jolly humour anjweredkim. That the Praecor o£ Sardinia was a fool, and had exrorted nomose from the Sardinians than would ferve his own turn ; but hiaifelf hid ga- thered up fuch rich to tiesamongH: the Sicilians, that the very over piui thereof would dszle the eyes of the Senate, and blind them fo, that they £hou!d not fee his faults : Such ( J fore fee ) will be the lot of the more ju ft andmodeft men> who fhall be guilty becaufe they Were foolf, at the other fort fio all be innocent becaufe they Were knaves. Whatfoevcr befalls (you clear and innoxious foul s ) be not afhamecL be not afraid of your integrity . if this Kingdom be a fit habits* tionfor honest menyGodwik provide y oh a habitation here; if it be not capable of hone fly, God will take you away from the evils to come^ and pour cut all the fiats of his wrath on this totally and uni . verfally corrupted Nation, this incur autc people , Qjii nee vitia \u\ nee eorum remedia ferre potcft : for my own part ■, (»// am not fuch already ) 1 h pe Goh will ma\e me fuch a man, Q\iem neque paupcrie$,n:quemors, neque vincuh terrent 5 and j/Mofcs in a beroickjzeal, to draVo a remijfion of the peoples fins fromG cdjie fired to be blotted out of his Boc\> (the Pook^of L fe ) and St. Rail to be Anathema for his Breehren ; why jheutdnot I ( with relation to my felf andfubmitfiontoChrift) fay, Oportet unum mori pro popuIo5 it is fit one man die for ths feGple, and devote my felfto death for my Country^ as the family of the Dcaiin antient Rome were wo'~t to do} I have read and admired thsir examples \ why not imitate them} is it becaufe ( as Machiavel/W/^) The Chriftiah Religion doth too much breaks enfeeble, and cowzrdife the ffi it ofman^by perfecuti andfubdung natu*eyby defying her due Libci tyy andtyig her to be mors pajfive than attivc f Ac facere & pati fortia Rominum , X imo The Hijfoyy of Independency* imo Chi iftianum eft 5 or is it becaufe in this gener all deluge of fane and corrupt^1* a vublicjuc jpirit^ted excellency in virtue is accounted a degree cfmdnefs? or u it became of the corrupt judgement 0f t hi fe times, whch mikes a man n ore infamous for his punt foment / h an for his fin ? and therefore Heroic^ ails are out of fafhion : the cirexmfitnees anl ceremonies of Death are more taken notice of than Death it f elf i the/e follies weigh not with me. Subhmis an hurai pu- trefc3B3,parvi refeit. The Thief upon the Crojfe found a ready way to Heaven, Hoiv much mart an hone ft m**> Many a man out efPrt- fonfteps ints Heaven, no man cut of Paradife ever found the way thi- ther ; Salebrofi h: via, modo certa, modo expcdita ; alte fucand s ad iter me accingo. •*T* He Pr mlfes corlidered , I do here in the n3me and behalf of all I the free Commons of England dech'exrd j. roteft, that there is no free nor leg 1 Parliament fitting in England, but that the two Houfes Hr under avifible, admland a horrid torce of a mutinous Army-> and of a fmail party of Loth.Houfes cor fpiring and engaged •with the Army, 10 d- (troy, expell, and murd< r withf*lie Accufa- tions, and Blank and Illegal Impeachments and pr<;fc cutions, the reft of their fellow Member?, who fare in Parliament doing their duty , wheR the two Spvakcis with a fmill compiny of Members , fecretly fled away to the Army, and face in Council with them , contriving howtoerfhvc King, Parliament 3 City, and Kingdom, and how to raife Tixesat their pleaiure , which they (hire amongft them- felves aid their party, under trename and cvAc of the Godly, the Saints; and afterwards they brought the Army up to London i- gal ft the Parliament and City in hoftile manner , a dtfign far ex* ceeding the Plot cffermixe, Goring, &c. to bring up the Northern Ar my to London, to over-aWe the Parliament : I do farther pro- teftjthat the two Houfes hive fate under the faid force,ever fince the lixch ofAugutt 164 7. a. id therefore they all have done,and all they (lull do, in ;he condicion they fi: in, is void and null in Law,<*£ ini< ti?, by their own doftrinc and judgement included in their Ordi- nance of the 20 of Aug-ifl lift, whereby they null and void, abini- no, a>i Votes, Oder^&c. pallid fiom the 26 iuly^ 1047. to the d Augttfl following. Arguments 7 be Hi lory of Tndepen dency. i 5 7 Arguments agaixft all accommodation and Treaties , between the City of LONDON, and the mgaged Grandees of the Par* liament and Army. I. T7" 'wiH never be fafe nor honourable , for fo great a City to Xaccommodate and joyn inter eft With a confab ing Party , that by frequent violations of t heir faith and duty , have uflaved King , Parliament^ City and Kingdom, and broken the Faith of this Nati- on^ given to the Scots in the large 7 reattes, and in the National Co - venant* 2i By accommodating with them , you make all their crimes yonr own9 their fuhtilty being to involve you to joy n with them in defence of their crimes, 3. The Scot ijb quarrel is not again ft the £nglifh Nation, but again ft thetreacherotts and hypocritical Grandees Jtoho by perjuring them} 'elves , and falftjying their ingagements both unto Kingdom and Army , keeping the Souldiers by falfe fuggeftions from disban- ding; and totally obftrutling Irchnds relief 3 and alfo a con fairing party in Parliament , who keep them u? to make good the aforefaid crimes , forcing whit Votes they pleafe topaffe , by over -awing the Parhament'Witnejfe Cromwells lay tng his hand upon his SWord^and forcing t he Houfe to pajfe thofe traiterons Fetes again ft the Ki*gy contrary to their oWn Confciencesy Allegiance, Protcflation/ , Vo^f and Covenant \and to raife Taxes upon the people ^which they (hare a* mong themselves* 7 his war is not hkely to be of any continuance >cOn* ftdering there hetng in the Army many confcientiows men , who have had fuch ample experiment of 'the faljhood of their Grand Officers , that they are not like to hazard their lives again under the command of fuch Grand Impoftors as they are , alfo knowing the General ha- tredofthe Kingdom tothem>und?r Vvhoje tnfuppor table burthens and o}preffions it groa^eth. Nor have ttv any way to breaks the power of thefaidGrande:s of this Army but by the Scots , whereby the jnft rights and Inter efts of all the three Kingdoms may be fetled^andlxz- land relieved^ All which the Scots have declared tn their former Pa- pers delivered to both Houfe s of Parliament. 4. If you accommodate with this fusion, you muft have the fame friends and foes Vvith them% as Well as the fam? [ins and quarcls-t and then it \bi I grow to a National quarrel between England and cuz- hnd, Vehich will be of long continuance and mifery \ and the Inter eft of the King am his Children^ and of all Princes of Christendom con- X z cerned 1 5 8 The Hi (lory of Iridepentieacj. cerned i 1 the example, mil be carried on in the Kingdom of Scotland tgain ft yon , ifyou'pyn with thofe beggerlj Grandees , who have in- ricbed themf elves , and their fe lloty'Impoftors, by the mines of the Kingdom. Ton Vcill lofejour credit and in* ere ft s with jour friends and brethren of 'Scotland ; the only fear and terror of whofe corning ivto Eriglacd kept this V action ( which all men know is never fatisfi- cd with money and blood ) from taking many of your innocent heads from of jo ) it /7rW Wat Tyler and routed his rabble , fix times as many in number as the Army* They therefore fear you, and confequently hate you , and labour nothing more than to divide and Weaken yru, which is their proper inter eft: Tor which purpofe ( to di- vide the City tn it felf) they caufed the Parliament to change your Militii into other hands\ they cut iff WcftcTiiniler, Southwark, and the Hamlets from your Militia, to Vreakenit\ thty have dlvidedyou from the Parliament , they have endeavoured to divide the Count rey fromyou , Vt dividendofirgula imperent uvvefis. Wherefore the Army in their Remonftrar.ee "j. December 1647. Infohntly demand Reparations from the City to the County ty adjacent 9 for above 100000U leffe fuftained through the Armies a. teudame on the Ci- ties defaults ; which was a it vice only ts make the Country The Fliflor) of Independency . s j f quxrrttl with the City , and to makfi the Armie Vmpiers* 3. Conftder J cu /hall jojn with them that ttcver fyep Faith longer than they may gam by it, wherrofyou have many examples. Any fa- ne ft man may be deceived once^ but he is a foci that will be deceived twice by one man. Hay you cannot treat with thefs men , nor give them a Common Council^ or Hally without iojfe and dangc : they have always made lies their rtfttge* and built their Defgns upon thefandy foundations of Rumors and Fables. Cromwell and Glover already give out, that they ani jots are Ai good as agreedfhat yon differ only upon a punt i Ho of honour, which wdlfconbe reconciled, what is the me? ningof 'this ? but that the} ( having cr.a'ures of their own, Commiffieners in Scotland) have advertiftment tofpread the fame reports tb< re? thereby to ';a\e off the edge of your friend* afetlions ; to Ly an mputalion of incon- stancy upon you s and makeje-u ir.confiderable in the judgements of jour be ft friends , aud retard all indeavours fr your fuccoxr. In the mean time, this party hath blocked, 0p all ptffagcs to Scotland , that truth can have no acceffe to you , and jiu have only fuch newt as Derby- he ufc doth pleafe to impart to yox.Thefe men have committed thofe crimes that cannot b: fafe without committing greater*, thej must on headlong : go not With them for company ; they defre ?o be- fiorv their plague-fores upon pthers. Let it not trouble you , * hat the Parliament hath approved their fubfeript ion ofthelngagem^nt with the Army lit was a Vote extorted in a thin houfe, many Members ha- ving been driven away by threats of the Aruiy before \ and there were many differing Msm bers. A little patience and conftancj wil fettle you in a la fling peace. To petition the Houfesto repeal their four Votes againfithe King^ is tofave their reputation , thatftekjo deftroj jours* ^feafonable Cauthn to th; City ^/London* GentUmn of the City. • \>0.ir Neighbours of Ker.t, and other Counties wifliing well 1 to them, take ic unkindly, that ( notwithstanding all thefe former admonitions ) you (houlcl ler down your chains , and give a free march to this bloody, cheating, fchifmaticallArmy atoll h.ursofthe ni^ht throu&a your City, co cut cheir throats , and X i lend i $q the History of Independency. lend them 6oco\. to enable them to march: when thev bad n other dciiga , but in a peaceable way to deliver a Pet. t on to th Houfes , demanding nothing but whn the P-rhamtnt bv thei Declarations, Covenant, the Oaths of Supremacy afd allegi- ance, and the known Laws of the Lind ou^hc Co gram: Only, being fore warned by the inhumane aflVfli nation of the Surrey Petitioners, they had fome men in Armes a fufficiert diftance from the Town , to fecure their MelTencers. They have by their Letters to your felves and the Houfes mamfefted the cleerodfe of their intentions to you all. They are known to be men of fet- led habitations and fortunes ( for the moft part ) not vagabonds ar d Souidiers of Fortune hke the Aty : it which time his Noie looked as pro- digiouCy upon you 'us a Cornet. Remember the fcorn put upon you by a Grsndee when you were enabled to put up your Chsins again ; That theHoufehad conferred your Poiis fhould hive Chains as well as your Alder- men 9 and did as well deferve them. And Weaver** word when your Giards csme to attend the Houfe, that 60 of the Arm) Jhouid bent 3 00 of them. R by th; fi •'.!, he (i med jgainft theGod-head cf Chrilt; by the fecond^agautft tus Manhood only. The- i^* The HifioYj of bid^endency. The Remcr&mnce and Declaration of the Knights * E5}trirc*3 Gentlemen-, and Freeholders in COIC HESTER, PEtiriczs ( the birth-tight of Subjects) are by Law our- addrejfet tocu* King* ( Gods Vicegerent ) by cuftom our approaches to the fiottfes f psnlUmer.t, ( His Ad a je ft its great Coun^UP) by them we h[.cI humkly toprepent our m?deft dcfiresy ani Were wont to re- ceive anfwers (as G dCQtiS fleece the dew) without noipe, yet Pat is fa- ttoryi but that was deny ed our fir ft Petition ; and before our fecond could be ready, our brethren of Saucy by theirs ecchoed our prayer to both Heaps of Parliament %bn received their anpwcr, fas the Jews their Law,/ in thunder and lightnings a iws- edgedpaooyd the tongue , and the report of Muskets the voice, which spaks nothing but wounds and death* We therefore thus admonifhed^ refolved thus to prefent cur grie- vances to the World ^and our Petitions to Htavttipor ablepping ujon cur intended indeavcurs . Oar grievances are thefe : I . Fir ft, the diflratlion andthreatned mine of cur glorious Pro- teftmt Church, the neglect & abup of Religion,^ deftrutlion ofou? Vniverfitics {the jprings of all Learning, Divine and Humane) occa- ftonedbj the fierce and ignorant Separatips,pet up ard maintained as Rulers both in Church a>td Statc,bj the prevalency and violence of a rebellious anddeflruttive Army, under the command of the L. Fair- fax, and countenanced by thefeeming Authority of a pall, unfree, and over-awed Hottfe op Parliament. 2. Next, that contrary to the Oath and duty op Allegiance ( prom Vohich no fower cany nor yet hath pretended to abfolve us ) our Sove- reign Lord the King is by the defign of the (aid Army, dratyn prom Hu Houfe ^Hampton Court to the M\t oi "Wight , and there . by the poVver o/Col.HsmnjOnd and others opthe Army, Impr-foted, and detained from His Parliament • by which act the [aid Ham- mond , and all adhering to him, are ace n ding to the lrotes pa fed in both Honfes, 1 6 March, 1 641. Enemies to the peace of the King- dom. 3 . A third, is the violent and Ptnchriftian [ep oration opthe King, His Roy^l Confort and Children,*? once depriving His Majtsly op the two firfl blejpixgt icptowtd on Man, Tfje Iiiflory or In depen ih isj q.Tbe forcing the Qjeen and Prince ofW k% tofe?\i*t aforein Nation9what in their own they cculd not enyy. liberty, fafety, and fu pport. 5 .The exercife -j/Martial Law while theCourts ofjufrice are *- pen^and filing at Wf ft ni (icr,the obfl vfting pefttct in our Courts of Judicature/? y the privat Committee of Indemnity perverting judgment^ and excrcifng arbitrary power , which is a fjbvei (ion of our ant \ en- LtWs , and an introducing of a tyrannical government", as & a* refolvedbj both Houfes in the Cafes of the E> of Straff >rd, and Archb. of Canterbury > **d writ in their blcui. 6. Sixth J the prefent mijchief and future dinger to the while Kingdomjiy r eafon that the publiqne affairs ofhighe/l concern % aye managed and earned *n by a few particular men in a private Com- mittee at Derby-houfe*W:vm» contrary to the ft If denying Ordi* nance") the prime colors am chiff Officers oft he Armjy and have by our unhappy differences, to ffe ft themf elves if the moft beneficial off. ces and imployments of the Kinrdom;and the other Places of profit and commodity tare by their defgn conferred on ot her s,M 'emt >brs of the Army and Houfes of Parliament ^ to purchafe their compliance and Votes in all matters agitated in the Houfes efirft ftep to our dt fired ?eac) have been either totally rejected* or by them polit ckjy delayed, becaufe Peace would determine both thei' power and profit. j.The Eltates of D hrquerts, the Land? of Bifliop^ Deans and Chapters, (d'figned by fcveral 0 dinances for difchage of pub] que Dwbts) are by the Houfes ana" power of the A^my fhared and divi- ded amonnft thxmfelves^x>HU the p bliqqe debts be uvfitisfiedjhe common Soulditr unptjeAfbe maimed unrelievedjhe Wdd^ws a*d Children of the (lain unprovided for \and all left burdens to the Com- monwealih. 8. 7 'kat the Army confining ofmein, ignorant and Illiterate me%% (only gilt with iyporr fteydivin? and civtl)under pn tev.ee of "tender Conicicnces ( the better to induce and tolerate all Herefes ) have excelled and fuppr eft ail leirne^ Orthodox D virfe$,& ( hurch Go- vernment, and crying Liberty, Liberty, have fuby Bed oitr Ptrfom aid Eftites to arbitrary Law andt>ranni'y and by Rape itdbracing t he Legislative power ^cuckolds the body P ltcick, giving Laws :o the whole Kingdom, and yet by Petitions and Rtrnotiftrances Y make 1 6\ The Hiftovy of Independency. ma\e both Houfes father (as their own) the adulterous ifTue. 5?. 1 h at this Army afiummgto themf elves the modelling &fet» tier, ent both of Church and State,at Windfor in April Ujt+n their Ccuvcildidconrult thefe 3 Questions. Firsl, Whether jfhill we joyn with the Levdlers, and new mo- del both Church and S:ate? AV#f, Whether with the moderate Patty, Treat, and receive the K 1 N G witn more qualified and limbed Power ? Thirdly , Whether Depcfe the King, Dii-inherit the Prince, Crown the Duke of Yo r k , and appoint: a Proicdor I The fir (l was held to prcmife mo ft of liberty and profit $ bat t hreatned greatefi danger in crfeding, and difficulty in continu- ing- The ficondwas [aid to be eibeft. obtained and continued, becaufe nigheft to the pre fent frame and constitution already fetled ; but would bring them little of profr, and lefs of Soveraignty. The third {like Benjamin,/*^ in brth.bm fir ft in the Parents af- fellionsytoas htli not difficult to be aded, but to be maintained • for it would require both the expence of much blood and money ^and the Kingdom to re^att York and Lar.cafter, under the names of Wales and York. To this Lieut.Gen.Cxomwd anfweredy It was the better, for that would necefiitate the continuance of our Army, which fecures cur perfon.% will enforce cur reafons, make juft our demand?, and facilitate their grant; For the blond, that will flow from the cheap veins of Common Souldiers, whereof £//£ Am/ hatb plenty, and we will not want 5 For the money, London i: our bank, and from their Purfes it fliall drain to our Coffers, Comm/farj Ireton, L. G.n. Cromwel's Son-in-laty, faid, The work was halt done 5 for we have already Voted no Addreftes to be made to the IOng y and Him guilty of crimes enough to De- pofeHim,andby ImpiifoningHisPerfon, hive fitted Him for a private life, and by ictai^ht the people that He is fubjed to the difpofe of both Houfes of Parliament , whofe Ordinances are only powerful by our SWords, and therefore our Adons ftiall be legal by their Vote. Further, the Prince (laid he) is link'd with his Father in crime, and therefore cannot be fevered in pu- nishment, he hath been General in a Weikrn Army, warring (as The Hiftwy of 'independents. 165 (as his Father )agairft the Parliament, a crime that as it rendred the Father fie to be Depofed, fo doth n the Son urfic to faceted in the Government. And that the defcent of the Crown purge no: him, ( as i: did Hen. 7. ) let us in the Fathers life time Crown theDukfofTork,, now in our power, whofe tender years have preferved him innocent , and prefents him fitter for prorecTon and our defign , and (hould any blame our feverity towards the King and Ft ince, others will commend our clemency towards the Duke op'ork* Vpon the rejult of this Council, L. Geu. Cromwell in the Houfe of Commons, tels Mr. Speaker , That it was time to (ct on foot our £re*c defign, and that fi.ch as fliould not concur in Votes with us, be not continued of us, t motion being mi f- timed, an /. Hammond, Major Rolf, &c. all Members of the Ar- my : yet by cur fed Excife that infenfibly devours the poor % by infuf portable Monthly Taxes that imfoverifh the rtck, con* irary to Lotto and our Allegiance^ contrary to our Proteft^ion and C oven a>;t ( irforced upon us)we muft trait eroufty maintain and pay this Army that traiteroufly conttive and endeavour the depofal and murder of our Soverain Lord the King , thefubverfion of our Pro- teftant Church, our Fundamental and known Laws* We therefore declare to the World, that God ble/ftng us, Vce will with hazard of our lives and fortunes, disband and difjipate this Ar» my the Suppreffors of the pure ProtefhntReligion,f£d» Imprifoners, and would be the Murtherers of their Soveraign Lord and Kingy and grand Opprejfors of the Common-wealth ; then free from lm- prifonment our [aid Soveraign, and him { God- willing )r eft ore to his laVofttll Government, juft Rights, and Throne in Parliament this done, we fh all y>y fully and readily depoftte our'ytftly affumedArms, and on our knees beg what his Mayfly hath often mo$ gra- ciottflj offered, and will undoubtedly grant, his moh Royalandgva- ciou< pardon to all his mif lead Subje els grilling to return to their Allegiance, and fcrwArd to bring the King b3ck to his own home. We therefore kertby eameftly dejire and re que ft all by A and ttvA affected Snhjctlsas well Members ofbothHoufes of Parliament as T 2 others j 66 The Hiftory of Independency. others, to be herein ailing and afft fling to us. Firft, by not recrui- ting the Forces of the Lrd Fail fax Next, bj withdrawing all ad and a ffi fiance from his A' my, by withholding Excift and Moneth- ly taxes allotted for their fay andfupport% and ro give us with their prayers Juch affisi:nce as their Allegiance and opportunity [ball ad- ndhad aobol.givenh'imootofMr. George Minn's ^Bdrrm-d Tn&catix, formerly a Cotnrrrtfioner for the great- vv The Hiftory of Independency. 1 <$7 Seal; worth 1500!. per an. Now by Ordir.ar.ce practices within the Bar, as one of tne Kings Counfel; worth 500 1. per an. and is Poftraifterforall Inland Letters; worth too i. every Tutfdzy mghc bertdehis Supper^and it was thus gor : The Lord Stanbop^ht P^ft- mafters and Carriers of England complained in Parliamenvgainft Mr. Withering* and other, touching the carrying of Letters,wr,ere~ upon the benefit offorein Litters were given to theEui of War* w'uk^\ worth 5 coo \.per an. and the Inland Letters to Mr. Pride* aux : good Parliament Jujiice. 4. Roger Hill, a Barretter of rhe Temple, in no practice, n:r of a confiderable eftate, till this Par) ament , hath now from the Houfe the B /hop of Winchiftcrs Mannor of Taunt on Dean, being the heft of England; and worth 1 200 1. per a>;. when the eftate* for lives determine. 5. Humphrey Salftaj. the Kings Remembrancer in Mr. Fan* Jhaw*s place; worth 200 \-per any.umm 6* Francis Rom,Provc{{of Eaton jn Dr. Steward/ pla«e;worth 600 1. per annum, and hath got a College Leafe worth 600 1. per annum* 7. lohn Ufle, Birrefter of the Temple, Matter of St. Crops in Dr. Lewes his place, being a place for a Divine; and worth 800 1. per annum* 8. Oliver St. hhn, by Ordinance both Attorney and Solicitor to the King; worth what he pleafe to m3ke it; and hath the parting of all Pardons upon Commfli >ns; worth <}oooo i. 9. Sir William Allifon, Alderman cf Tork^ Clerk of the Hamper, wonh loooper an. he hath Crabb-Caft'e; worth <5coi. per an. Sometimes the Bifhop of 7 or ks in Terfyhire. lo.Tfjomas Hoile, A\dermin of Tork^ Treasurers Remembran«- cer in the Exchequor, in Sir Peter OJhwn's place; Worth 1 ~oq !• per annum. 1 1 . Thwa* Pury Senior, fir ft a Weaver in Glocefter,th-an an ig- norant Count rey Solicitor, had 3000 !. given him, and Mr. Gtr- rards pbee in the Pctcy-byg ; worth 400 i. per an. iz*Thomas Pary Junior, Son to the £kier, Receiver of the Kings Rents in Gloce/hr and^//r/,Cierk of the i3taie ofGloccfter- fhre, worth 2)0 1. per any and Captain of ! :oot and Horfe, cn> {\, ft year of this Parliament, iervant tu Mr. Tcw*e{ke*d> an Aitor.iey of Staph Innc, Y 3 : 1 3 WiUiam 1 68 The Nilfcr) oflnclepende/icy. 1 3. WdlUm Bills > Sreward of Stepvcy , worth 2 00!. per an. and by hisi :ol 1 to one of che Temple. 14. Miles Corbet, at the beginning of the Parliament 3000 1- in deo: for himftif and his Mother, more than he was worti\- row one of the R^gifters in Chancer;, worth 700 1. per an. btfides Chair-man for icandalousM.nifters, worth icoo l.per an. And hath money in his parte. 1 5 . John Goodfyjnt^hc Oiher Regi(kr in Chancery, worth 7001. per annum,, 16. Sit Thomas widdrington,* Cemmiflioner of the great Ssal, WOrthi50oi.p*r an, 17. Edto&dJUfit, Garter Hetlrid, in Sir Edward Walkers place, Worth 6ooJ. Per an* 18. * Walter Strickjand, Agent in Holland for the two Houfes of Parliament, worth to him 5000 1. 1 9. Nicholas Love, Mr. Speakers Chamber- fellow , one of the fix Clerks in Chancery3in Mr- Pem-ttadock. place; worth aoool per annum. 20. Sir Gilbert Gerrard, much in debt before the Parliament , psy-maftcr to th : Army, and had 3 d. per pound all >wed, befides Gratuities, worth 60000I. and now Chancellor of the D,itchey , worth 1 200I. per an. 21.. Gilbert Gerrard, his fecond fon, Cicrk of the Dutchey, and for whofe benefit the Clerk-fliip of the Afllze in Norfolk., is gran* ted to Mr. Edward Garret his Cozen by the procu emen of Sir Gilbert, vcA is worth 500I. per an. 22. JohnSelden, had given him 5000L of which he received 25 ool. pound. 23* * John Bond, ( Son to Dennis Bond, a Parliament man) made Mailer of Trinity Hall in Cambridge^ which Mr. Selden refufed to accept of. 24. Sir Benjamin Rudiard, given hira jcool* Andhath he not de- fervedit? 25.* Lucas Hodges , Cuftomer of BrifioL 16 Sir John Hipjley , hath the keeping of three of the Kings Packs, jW*7-£#w-Park, that was Mr. Carewes, Hampton-Vuk , and Buphj-Virky and given hira 2000I. in Money- 27. Sir Thomas Walfingham, the Honour of El ham, that was the Earl ©f Dorfcts, the middle Park and hcufe, which wis Matter J Whites The Hi[Ury of Independency. itfp Whites, and hath cut down 400© Timber Trees: 1 8. Benjamin Valentine, given him 5000 1. 29.* Sir Henry Hejman, given him 5000 J, 30. Derzell Hollis^ given him 5000 J. 31 * NaiL Bacon, given him 3000 1. 32 * Jflibu Steevetts, given him out of the Lord 4ft ley's Com- petition 1000 1. 3 3. * #*w/ Sw'f fc, made one of the fix Clerk* 5 worth 2000 1. peram.uw. 34. Robert Renoldsy hed 2000 !. given him • Befides Abingdon- Hd/ljind the Land%worth 400 1. per annum. Hath bought a'good penny-worth of BfhepsL^nds, hath 20000 1. beyond Sea, as rw m»de appear upon hrs Manage. 3 jr Sir Iohn Clotworihfy Treafcrer for Ireland, and by the Army charged with defnuding of the Scatc of 40000 1. which may be one reafon the King could nev^ r get an Aceount of the monies raifed for the Iriflh, though he defired it. 16. Iohn A/be, given him out of Mr. Iohn Coventry'?, Coropofi* ton 4000 1. out of Sir Edward Mofeiy's 1000 1. out of Mr. EdW. Philip's 1 200 1. out of Sir Iohn Towel's eftate 8000 1. Afid(which is worth ail this) is the great Chairman at Goldfmuhs Hall. Is not this better thane loathing > 37.* Iohn Lenthall, fon to the Speaker, made one of the fix Clerks, worth 2000 1. fer annum. 38. * Francis Allen,* poor Goldfmith at St. Duncans in Fleet- ftreet9TiO\w made a Cuftomer for London. In honour of whom clip- ped moneys are called {Aliens.) 3 9. Giles Green, the Receiver ofTorl^/bire, being put out of his place, got it for his Son-in Law, is Chair-man for the Navy, and for Su' Thomas DaWs his eftate^nd what it was worth to him, Sir Thomas DaWshls Creditors will teil you ; for they got no- thing, 40. Francts Pierpoint hath the Arch-bifliop of Torkfi Lands, ly- ing in Nottingham '[hire* 41. William Pierpoint hath 7000I. given him, and all the Earl of Kingftbn*s perfonal Eftate, worth 40000 1. 42.* Iohn Palmer, Mr. of All- Souls in Oxford>m Do&or Sbel- ffJr*,wheiehebath tur- ned the Chappel in, o a Kitchtn; A go:dly Reformatio n , and fits rcmac'^as ft ell as Lis Religion* 51.* Thomxi Waite, Collonel,Gove;nour©f 2?*r/V?, where he thuves fo well, as he ?s new buying 500 l.pcr an. who before was notable L9^y > 1 a year. j2.Sir Oliver Ltt&dxr ei inhisE(la:c,Co]'cne! of Hoife 5} SiiSvnuel tmke his Son, Collonel, and S:ou;-mafter for the Co:: Beafjrd^c. 54.* Tiom.u Gc&j Lehr.Col. to Sir Iohn GeZy made Recorder ofDerbr m Mr. lli/hie's place. 55. V*l n incfFAlton^ Collont!, and Govc;no.: of Lin Rg± 56.* Richar - J,Gcverncni of S.uth imptok. 57.* Edw.ird Harvy^iit a pool Silk-man, row Coi. a;:d ha;h got the B (b< p of Ltmdin's Houfe and MTinnqroj F*lh m. 5. Bdwxrid Rojfter, Colionti , and General; of all the Li»m Tlie Hiftory of 'independence, l j\ Lincolnshire Forces, and Governour of Belvoy Caftle. 59. * Sir Michael Z^/^Col.Seqvieftrator, and Plunder-ma- tter General of Kent. 60 Henry Iret on ((on in Law to Lieutenant General Cromwell) Colonel, and Comra (Tary Genera!* 6\* * Richard Salway, Col. former !y a Grocer's man. 62 . * John Birch, formerly a Carrier, now a Colonel. 63. * Thomas R*insboroughy a Skipper of Li»y Col. Governour of fVbodftock^wd Vice- Admiral of England. 64 * Robert ElicJ(, Co!. Governour of Taunton* 65 . * Francis Rvjfel, Colonel. 66 * Rowland mtfony Colonel. 67. * Robert Hurley ^ Col. fon to Sir Robert Harley, 68.* Richard Brown, Major General , and Governour of A- bingdon* 69. * Voter Temple^ Captain of a Troop of Horfe. 70.* lohn r>*, ColoneljGovernour e&Windfor^ had 4000I. g;» ven hinu 71. * Algernon Sidney \ Governour of Dover- Caftle. j%: * Richard lngolsby, Colonel, Governour of Oxf*rd. 7$.* Iohn Hutchinfon^ Colonel, Governour of 'Nottingham* 74. * Sir lohn Palgrazt) Col. at thefirge of Newark,. * 75. * 'Edward Ludlow , Governonr of fVirdtt Ca/rlC 7 . * Cornelius Holland renteth as much of the Kings Grounds for 20o\ pe< an. axis worch itfool.or 1S00/. per an* 77.* VhilipSkjppon, Sergeant-Major-General of the Army, Mi jor-Gen. of London, and Governour of Brifiol, had 1 oooJ.prr an* lands of inheritance given him. 78. * Char Is Fleetwood, Colonel. 79. * Thomas Weftrow, Capr. under Sir Michael Live fey ^ was nothing worth , until a Captain and a Parliament man ; and now hath gotten the Bi(hop tfWvce Iters Mir or of H artier owy which proves he hath two good and beneficial offices. 80. Honry VtartynyQo\. of a Regiment of Horfe, and a Regi- ment ofWho.es. 8 1. Nathaniel Fiennes ,CoU once Governour ofBriftof. There- by hangs a fail. 82. Anthony Stapler yCo\. Governour of Chichefter. 83 . Alexander Rigby, Col.' and Govemotir of Bolton. Z 84. Charts The Hifiory of Independency. 84. Charts Pym, Captain of a Troop of Horfc 8*. Sir Arthur Hiflerig, Colonel, Governour of New-Caftlef and hath the Bifhop of Durham's h : ufe,Park, and Minor of Auk^ land, and 6500K in money given him. 8 - W Mam lepfon, Colonel. 87. Sir Thomas M V^*0#, Major-General for Denbigh , and five other Coi.nties. 88. Godfrey Bofwell, Colonel, 89. The Lord Gray of Grooby, ( fon to the E.of Stanford jCo\. and hath given to him the Queens Minor houfe. Park, and Lands it Holdenby^ and ther's a great fall of the Woods. 90. Sir Will. Conftable,GA. Governour of Glocefter, he fold his lands to Sir Marmxdnke Langdalefoi 2 J 000!. and is reftorcd to it again by Parliament. 91 . Sir Will. Purefoj, Col. and Governor r of Coventry fought reiolutely aga;nft the Croffe in the Market place at Warwick) and aga^ft the Antient Monuments in the Eans Chapel in St. Ma- ries Church there; for which he had 1 500!. given him, but when he iiiculd have fought with the Enemy, hid himtelf in a Barley- field % for which a Water- man at Temple itairs ( that had been his f'oul- diei)rcfufed to carry him. 92. Sir Edward Hmgerford, Col. famous for plundering War- der Caftley hath the Lands of the Conntt {fe Dowager of Rutland , worth isool. per an. and &e allowed but 500I. 5*3. Barbert Morley >Co\. Plunder-matter of Surrey. 04. Iobn Moor,. Col, of the Guards, and for fome time had the benefit of Paffes out of London. 95 . Walter Long, Col. had 5000I. and the Office of Regiftcr for 4 years. 96s vSir Will. Waller , General, and loft two Armies,yet a gainer, by the employment. 97; lohn Allured^ Col. $>8. Michael OldsWorthy no Col. but Governour of Pembroke, and Montgomery, and hath a fhare with his Lord out of Su Hen- ry Comptons Office^ worth yooolper an. and is Keeper of Wind* for Park, 99. Tho Scot, a Brewers Clerk formerly,hath the Bifhops houfc at Lambeth. 100. Matter Afbburft, when he went Commiilioner into Sc$t- tand The Hiftorj of Independency. tjj land,\\*& the Clerk of the Peaces place for Lancafhire'%%.ni ioool. in money given him, Befidei theft Offices, Commauds, and Gratuities , every Mem- ber of the H= uk ot Commons, being in all 516. are by their own CXder allowed 4'. per Week a man 5 whxh amounts to 1 10000 1. per annum. By the Ordinance for fequeftring Delinquents ( 1 April, 1 643.) it w^s declared, That their Eftates (hould go for maintenance of the Public^ A fairs , .and ieveral O dinarces dtfigncd Bijhops Lands for pay of 200000 I, Publkkjebt : Yet by this, and the fol- lowing Centuries, thou fruit fee how both DdirquencsEftatcs and Bifoops Lands are by Members of Parliament fljared a- mongft themfclvef, whilft the ioooool. is unpaid, the publick af- fairs fupported by unfuppoi table Taxes,and that Dutch Devil Ex. cifej that inienfibly dtvours the poor , and will impoverish the jrich.- Thefe are they that wi:h Hananiah, breathe wooden yoke from our neckj, (28 Jeremiah ) and put on one of Iron ; free us from a X\tt\t Ship-money paid thrice in an Age, and impofe as much at once for a Monthly Tax; quit us of the Monopolies of Tobacco, and fee up Excife on Bread and Beer:1hz fi. ft eafeth the wanton rich man, and the fatter grindeth the needy and poor. Yet thefe are thy Gods 0 London I thefe are the Idol Calves the People have fet up and do worfbip : thefe be the Molec to whom ye facrifiie Sons and Ser- vants by Troops, Regiments, and Armies to maintain their fove- raigntjy rebellion, *n& profit. And that thefe and other their Aclions m -y never be qaeftioned, they HisMajefties hy*l and obedient Subjetls,wi\[ always Imprt- fen their Kin ^Continue ihei* Armj, perpetuate their Parliament, andmtail their Member (kips(u the Pricfthood onLevi)upon con- fiding Familiesfofurnifh them With Votes, as Mr. Gilbert Gerrard and his 2. Sons, Brampton Gaidon and his 2«So:is>Sir Robert Harlej and his 2. Sons, \¥%nes^ lAfoes, Stephens, qPe Ih Jms, 4 Herberts, 4 Temples ; it wercendlcfs to name the Father and the Jon, Bro- ther and Brother trutfils the Houfe ; th.jy come in couples more than unclean Beafts to the Ark .' % Fanes , 2 Fur es, 2 C h.iloners> 0 2 Bacons, 2 Pierpoints, 1 Bonds, 2 Of:[lowesi 2 Lenthals,&c*Ard that ouxEcclefi fliik miy comply with our Temporal Governors . the Houfes abohfti (as fuperitiiious becaufe Legal ) the Canvocat • Z 2 on 74 The Htftory of Independency. on of learned Divines, ( regularly fummoned by the Kings Writ\ and duly elctted by the Clergy) and the Houfeof Common? nomi- nates an affemblj of gifted Divines ( indeed wicked Simons ) (that Hinder the Godly Onias, ( t. Mac. 4.) to out him of his Priefls place; To that at this day there is not one j4jembly-m m but is ille- gally thruft into another* Benefice ,a Catalogue of whofe names and Preferment- expcd (hortly, and with them a view of the Militia and Common Comcil-msn of London, obferving what Places, Of- fices and falaries they hive from the Houfes of Parliament,ond then thou wilt know the reafons of their Votes and Aclions in the City* You fee in part what the Grandees have done for themfelves. Confider after 8 years fitting what they have done for the people , when amongfi; .11 their Propofitions to the King for Peace, hardly any one refpecls the good of the People, but their own grandeur and profitJThcy demand a Militia to keep up this Array upon us, which is not the Kings to give* No King of England ever governed by a (hading Arm*'* They demand iikewife power to raife What Forces for Land and Sea, confifting of What Perfons they pleafe topreffe ; and to raife what money to maintain them out of all mens Efiates, to bs laid on at their discretion, and as partially as they pleafe , fo that they may favour one Faction , and oppreite the other at plea- sure; for, fo much the Afl for the Militia as it is penned imports: and this is more than his Majefty hath power to grant. The late Militia of Trained Bands, and the Pojfe Comitates under Sht- riffs( being the only legal Militia of EnpUnd)m\\ not ferve theic turnes.lt hath always been the Policy of£ngland,to truft the Mi- litia and Sword in one hand( vizjhe Ki n g s ) and the Purfe that flhould pay them in another ( viz,, the Pa & 1 1 a h e n t s ) whereby one power might bound and limit the other. For to put the Sword and the Purfc into one hand, is to make that hand abfolute Matter of our Perfons and Eftates, and fo reduce us to abfolute flavery un- der the Arbitrary power of one man , without appeal or redreflbc Awakt avdlook^ about you good People. THE END< AN APPENDIX T O The Hijlwy of In dependency t BEING A brief defcription of fomc few of A a- gyle's proceedings, before and fince he joyned in Confederacy with the Independent funto in ENGLAND: With a 'Parallel betwixt him WCromwell, AND A Cayeat to all his feduced Adherents.! Cicero. Tetius injuftitit nulla ctpitalior eft cjutm etrum, qui cum max me fal- Imt, id tumin (tgunty ut viri boni ejfe videtntur. ^£$ Clemen *■ . e.r 434 LONDON, Printed in the Year, 1648, AN APPENDIX T O "The Hiflory of Independency. BEING A brief delcription of fome few of ^/g^e's pro- ceedings, before and fince he joyned in confe- deracy with the Independent Junto in ENGLAND : with a Parallel letmxt him and Cromwell^ AND A Caveat to all his (educed Adherents: |He Covenant being at thefift taking, held to be the true Touchftone whereby the Religious R iyal Subjects were dtfosraed from all thofe who were unwilling tofubmit co the yoke of Chrift in makers of Reli^ivf, o tothejufi and lawfull Government t our dread Sovereign his Vicegerent; now a !ub il generation < f men (or rather Vper<) in both Kir»gdomes, wh ? did take the Cove- nant, and did ma^nifie it (o long as it couH feve then for a Lad- der to mount to the>r intended Greatne's f. being now ar tbc top>h vekick'd aw y theLiddcc , and (landing ( as it were ) on the pm cle? look with d.idain on a'l th«H Id frie • \ who out or the integrity of rheir hems, did fo the geod of BUltgi n, d HU Majcfties honour, joyninthatfvkmn engagement, it fai An Appendix to far from their thoughts that their modcft and humble defires for the Reformation of fome abufes both in Church and State ( ail which, His Majeity in the rcfpe&ive Kingdoms did ( or wa* wil- ling to ) cure ) (hould have (truck fo deep as to endeavour rhe o- verthrow of ail lawfull Governments , Civil andEcclefiafticai; bringing ,inftead of a promifed Reformation in Rligion, a curfed Toleration of the moll damnable Seel?, Errors, and Hercfies that ever Hell did fend forth; and for the Civil State, inftead of a well-fetled Monarchy, a moil confnfed tyrannical Anarchy , quite contrary to the words and meaning of the Covenant, and the ho- ned intentions of all true-hearted, Religious and loyall Sub- jects in the tivee Kingdoms, who did take that folemo Covenant with apurpofe to keep it , and of very many thoufands who did never take the Covenant, ( yet very good Proteftant and loyall Subjects) being more affrighted with the compulfory way of en- forcing it on all, than unfatisfled in the matter, being introduced in a legal way, none of thefe deferring the name of M lignants , or to befo cruelly dealt with either tor thtir perfons or Eftates as h-'th been too too common in both Kingdoms ; but the Cove- nant it felf doth beft decypher who are Incendiaries, Mihgnants , and evil Inftruraent*, iik. thofe who hinder the reformation of Religion, who divide the King from His People, or one K»ng- dom from another, or make any Faction or Parties amongft the people, contrary to the League and Covenant. Yet by our new tenets^none muft be called Malignant shut thofe that have loyall hearts towards their Soveraign, though otherwoint9CromVvel, and others of the Independent Junto , doing them that Mafterpiece of good fervice, Fi ft, under colour of Loyalty and friendflvp to prevail with His Majefty to return to the Scots Army then at NeVvark^ 0 oningVoies, fo /4rg/7 be files her d^n hyntur e , aU his Eftate, (whereby , ivdztd he loft nothing (he improving it much to his ad? vantage ) hath helpt his Brother to a great eflatejtoith Titles and Places of Honour , and profit^ J uit able to his birth and Vvorth ; his Siflers , and now fome of his Ne ccs matched in the Noblefy and be ft Families of the King- dom* The Duke had no quarrel with anyfave MontrofTe ; the ground you heard \for croflln^ his fir fl in- tentionfor 'the Invafion of Scot- land , to prevent the mtjery and T. Whereas A*gile did in his Fathers life time bring him to a Penfion, outed his Brother of his Eftat^KjHfjr^and ruined his/.Sifters by cheating them of their portions, and io enforcing them to go to Cloyfters. a. Argile , for private quar- rels betwixt him and Montroffe, Culkfttoufh^nd the Athol men, the Earl of Air ley , and other, hath drawn much mifery and bloudfted The Hiflory of Independency. blodflied upon the Kingdom,! bloudfhedthathe didforrfee woe whom he enforced to efpoufe like to follow. 15 his quarrels. 3. Argile had enrich'd his Country with the fpoylsofthe Kingdom, and himielf with the great treafure bellowed on him both by Scotland and England > which is well fecured without the reach of an Impeachment. 4. Argile hath contrary to his Covenant, Duty and r lleg: ance, eonfpir'd to extirpate Monarchical Government, tc introduce iorein forces ofSe Va- ries to the utter overthrow oi the eftabhfhed Religion. $%Argile hath overthrown all Laws , tyranniz*ng over the Lives, Liberties, and Eftates of the Subjects. 6. Argile oppofeth all wayes ofthePeace,& fettlementof the three Kingdoms, HisMajefties deliverance, and being brought to a Perfonal Treaty , left the power fhould be taken out of his and his Confederates hands, whereby they opprefs and ruine both King and Subjects. 7. Laftly, A rgi I e hath betray- ed his old friends the Pre (byte* rian party in both Kingdoms,e- pecially the Prtfbjterians in the Parliament of England and Ci- ty of London, not only fufTering them to be made a prey to their enemies, but obftrudin^ ^their relief. The Duke had no [pojls nor gifts given him fine 2 ever he fig" nedthe Covenant {fave the Title of DVKE] but hath been fpojled both h mftlf and friends by ihofe thjt followed MontrofTe. The Duk^ stands firm to his Covenant for the eftabli/hedrcti- g?on, lyal to his Prince for Mo- n irch cat G>o:rnm^ nt , fait hfiril to his Country agamfi.allfnein Invaftjn, The Duke aEls nothing but ac cording to the L'tvs eslablijhed > according to the Covenant y a%d the duty of every good Subject* Du\e Hamilton hath been of that temper to mediate for a v?el- grcuh of King & Subjects* The Duke hath ufed, and is u* ftng all ende cvours to Vindicate the oppreffed SubjeUs in both K ingdomt^ never changing Im>'- r eft siting alwaies fail h full to all thofe to whom he aidprofefs lovet and friend/hip* Bb? Let g o *6 An Appendix to Let the impartial Reader now jud^e which ofchetv/oisraoft religious. As this oppofuton betwixt DukcHamiltoi and Arm gile makes them both to appear what they are ; io this folio win Parallel betwixt the A>g*thdian Fatten and the l*idep -u t]n^ r and as not formerly acquainted therewith, gave thanks for themy and fent their Emiffaries to fome /educed Counties andCorto* rations to d9 the like. 4. Argile rormerly fyet but fecmingly) for Monarchy, now really againfl: it, and all that defire to aflfcrt it. Cromwell contributes a Pafs 5 . That Fadion firft betrays to His Guide jyjlacfyng the guards, the King to come to the Scots at he did the fcco>«d time, Vrhen Army, promifing protection, he frighted Him with a Plot and then moil perfidioufly de- fray Hampton-Court to the livered Him up to the mercy of Ifle of Wight, where he remains His rnoft cruel Enemies. 9 hie Ptifor.er* \ 6* Ar* 6 Argils and hisFaftion have been moft cruel to thofe they call their £***»!>* ,efpeci ally in cold bloud j and perfidious to their friends, deferring and be- traying them. 7. Argile when he had done mifchief,muft have both thanks and reward ; and like a Con- querour, march through the Kingdom in triumph : a thing never granted amongft the no- ble Romans to triumph for a Victory in a Civil War. 8. Argile's Faction petiti- ons, That the Army intended for His Majefties inlargement, and the relief of our Presbyte The Hifiory of Independency. ( The blood fhedin England un- der colour y and ?8 - An Appendix tc^fe. and the moft abfohte enfiaving of all free Subjects , not to Kings or Princes, to Great men or Good men, but to the very fcum and offfcouring of both Kingdoms; it being no fmall grief to ail that truly feared God, that fo many of the reputed honeft Fref- byterian party fhould(out of bafefear, or other by refpecis) comply fo long with thele State-Juglers, the Clergy being moft: a&ive.haftning thereby their own and the Kingdoms mifery ; for they may be well aiTured> if thee Saints prevail , they muft (as forae of them have done already)tum their Coats once more, and become the Hirelings,and tongue-tied Tenants at will to their Brethren of the IndependeKcj, or be kick'd out of their fat Brrefi- w,and poflibly out of the Kingdom to prevent new Infurre clions againft them, which they are cunning to procure, having the power in their hand to reprefs all that dare appear againft them may be ruined, others by their example terrified,and their Saints may enjoy the fatnefs of England; but I would ask thefe vio- lent Clergy-men of the Presbyterian Party that are unwilling HisMajefty fhould be brought fpeedily to a Perfonal Treaty y what their Affembdes of Divines have -been doing? for if that Confeffion of Faith fet out in England, approved of in Scotland, be agreeable to the truth of Gods wordf as I know nothing to the contrary) why (hould the chief Magiftrate our dread Soveraign beany longer debard of his juft dues ? is He worfe than Jnfidel, that you will aftift thofe that deny His facred Ma jelly that which they allow to Inridel Magiftrats ? blu(h forihame, and repent in time, left as they change their Votes every day, according as the tide of their power ebbs and flows; fo they may foon force you to repeal that Article concerning the chief Magiftrate , or (like the glofs of Orleans) put an expofition upon it which de- flroyeth the text. God fend us feace avdt^uth, and freftrve HU fa- cred Atajeftj, and his P&flerity, and confound thcwic'kedccunftls of allfptcb as are enemies to Peace, Imih^and Monarchy* - Si quid novijii reRim iflis, Candidm /mpertij Si nm^hU mere mtcum* THE END. THE H 1ST O RY INDEPENDENCY- THE SECOND PART. BE J 2^(7 A Continuation of: 'Relations and Ohferyatiorts Hiftoricall and Politique upon this _ prefent Parliame n't, Begun Anno \6. Carol i Primi. _ By T h e odorusVer ax: _ ClpYnPr^V ! Pfa!. 8. 8. Virnmfanguirwm &d*lofum afomwrtbitur Domintu* Diodor:Sic:l.i7.p.$i7. Idem,l.i8.p.594. ^killpfui die ere filth at) Ajtytojtkrw* t^ Trtofifuy l/f £«ftu/ vsr«*?Xto % 5 «'f kAu Printed in the Yeare, m. dc. xl. ix. 5c^ y$yi>\ yA> ylis yA yA ytty y^s /»S /a yuy yoy /A yA yA. yA /A yA yA * A y- v / r ^K V v *»* *** *** *** **» *** *** v *l» 1J vf s-» W **> *** V MK V v s 9 To the Read er.. REader, having f^oken to thee intheFn&Van, / might have forborne thee in this Second, did I not feare to feem guilty of the fullenneffe and malignity ef the fc times. The fnb)ec~i -matter of my Booke is a Combi- nation or Faction 0/Pfeudo-Polititians , and Pieudo- Theologimns, Hercricks ^WSchifmaticks, both in Di- vinity and Policy-, who, having Sacrificed to their Fancies^ Lujls, Ambition and Avarice, both their God and Religi- en, their King and Countrey^ our Lawes, Liberties and Properties^ all duties Divine and Humane, are growne fo farre in love with their pro/per 'ous Sinnes, as to entitle God himfelfe to be Father and Authour of them • from rvhofe written Word and revealed will held forth to us in the Scriptures as the onely North Pole and Cynofure of cur Actions (where they fnd no warrant for their doing) they appeale to the fecret will and Providence of God, to which they mojl Turkijhly and Heathenijhly afcrfbe all their enormities ^only bee aufe they fucceed : and, from that abyfc of Gods Providence , draw fecondary Principles of Necefty and Hone ft intentions, to build the Babel of their confujed Defignes and Actions upon • not confidenng that wicked Menperforme the fecret will of God to their Damnation • as good Men doe the knowne will of their Father to their Salvation, if a Man lie feck to death, and his Sonne w fly him dead, this is (inne in the Sonne, although his dejire concurre with the fecret will of God ^ becaufe the Sonne A 2 ought To the Reader: ought to defire the preservation of his Fathers life • where- to the will of God revealed in his word obligeth him : and^ vivendum fecundum Prsecepta, non fecundum Decrcta Dei 5 Thefecret mil and providence of God can be no rule and law of our affions, becaufe we knew it not, nor can fearch into it without prefumptton : We mu(l not therefore^ altum fapere, thinke our felves too wife and well gifted t9 tie our felves to the Scriptures of God ^ and lujt After Re- velations and Infpirations • exp effing God Jhould raine Bread from Heaven for us, ( Manna, Exod. 16. 4.) but be wife untofobriety. £/tf3profperum fcelus,virtus vocatur: Thus cafting off the written word of God ( unlejfe where by an enforced interpretation they can fquee^e Atheifme and Blafphemy out of it ( as they doe fometimes rack Treafon^ Murder, and N on- fen fe out of our Laws s and Parliament- priviledges ) conductble to their ends ) they infenfibly caji off God hirnfelfe, and make themf elves both the fupreme caufe and fin all end, the Alpha and Omega of aU their doings ywhil(l they ufe the Hidden and unfearchable Provi- dence of God but as a Difguife and Vfard to Maske under, like C#lius the Atheifl in Martial. Profperity is become * fnaretothem, and 4 Topick place out of which they draw Arguments tofatisfie them felves there is no God, no Reli- gion^ but a prudent iall one tofoole the People with, Nullos etfc Deos, inane Ccelum, Affirmac Calius, probatque, Quod fe vidct, dum negat hsec, beatum. But 0 wretched unholied men ! What are they that thus commit Burglary in the Sanctum Sandorum of Godr Providence? That prefume, not onely to prieinto. but to thrufi their hands polluted with blood and rapine into Gods myflerious Arke ? Thus much for thefubjeB- matter. For the manner of my writing J confeffe^ as to theftyle, it is not a?quabile To the Reader, gquabilc feribendi Genus, all of one weaving and con- texture : It is a Htjlory writ with a Satirique flyle and vtyne : ■ — Nam quis iniqui, Tam patiens orbis,tam ferreus uc teneat fe i It is a virtue to bate andprofecute vice. The Serif ture tells usy there is a perfeft hatred, a Holy Anger. And our Chaucer tells us> The words muft be of kynne unto the deeds -%therwife, hew can they be exprepve enough ? I ^/(/?vitiapulchcrrimemangonizata^ vicetrickdup in virtues rayment 5 andfroHituted under her modeft drejfe to fiirre up Adulterers. Quicquid agunt homines no- ftri eft farrago libclli. A huge Gatlymaufry^ an Oglio of all villanies I here fet before thee : it cannot be all of one drefing and feafomng, it muFt be a mixture, a Hogo of all Reltjhes 5 like Manna in the Wildernef,it mufi be appli- cable to all Palates : wherefore according to the variety of every prefent fab] eft -matter, vel ridenti ridcoD vel flenti fleo, / become all things to alt Men^ I af imitate my affefti- ons rjr humors to every Mans humor as well as to the pre- fent Theme; that I may take every Man by the right hand and lead him out of this Ur of the Chaldeans, this Land of Egypt, this Houfe of Bondage in judgment and confeience, though not in per f on and e Hate : which mujl oncly be thc^j mighty handy- work of that God who is able to divide thes Red Sea, and give hs a fafe march through it upon dries Land. Which that he would vouchfafe to doe let us alijoyneour hearty prayers : and that we may in/lrumental/y ferve him in it, let as alljoyne our heads, hearts and hah ds together, fince God neglecls faint-hearted and cowardly prayers : Letu6 not Le in the Ditch andcrte^ Gog help us. But let tu help God to help hs j and keep cor unum, viam unam, in the doing of it. A 3 T)it Job S. 13; QPes Hjpdcriu peribit, hoh ei fUeebit veardta fik^ & pent ttU *r aw ay um fiducia cjhs, Polyb.L^p.18^ TA 'r&$lTb{jfyd,> }y (jLtLMfOL 70, ie Veneris 20. Augu/l. \6\*j. An Ordinance for Declaring all Votes, Orders, and Ordinances p.iflcd in one or both Houfes, ilncethe Force on both Houfcs, Jw/jf t6. un.ill the 6. of this piefenc tAuguft, 1^47. to be null and void. WHereas there was a vifible, horrid, infoient and a&uall force upon the Houfcs of Parliament, on Monday 20". Jfi/jtel\; whereupon the Speakers, and many Members of both Houfes of Parliament were forced to abfent themfelves from the fervice of the Parliament : and whereas thofe Members of the Houfe could not returne to lit in fafety before Friday, the 6. Auguft ; It is therefore Declared by the Lords and Commons in Parliament aft mbled, that the Ordinance of Monday, 26. Ju- ly, for the Repealing and making void of the Ordinance of the 2g.of the faid July, for fetling of the MiluU of the City of Lon- don, being gained by force and violence ; and all Votes, Orders, Ordinances palTed in either, or both Houfes of Parliament, fince the faid Ordinance of the 26.of July, to the faid tf.of Augnfl, are null and void, and were fo at the making thereof, and are hereby Declared fo to be, the Parliament being under a force, and not free : Provided alwaies, and be it Ordered, Tnat no Pexfon or Perfons (hall be impeached, or punifhed for his or their actions, by,or upon,or according to the aforefaid Votts,Orders,or Ordi- nances, unleffe he, or they frull be found guilty of contriving^ acting, or abetting the aforefaid vifible and actual 1 force ; or be- ing prefent at, orknovvingofthefajdfor.ee, did afterwards act upon the Votes fo forced, or were guilty of entring into,or pro- noting the late Engagement for bringing the King to the City upon the Termes and Conditions exprelled in His Majefties Let- ter of the 12. oiMay laft. John ^Browne Cler.Parl. Titus Quintius apud Livium. Dlfcordia ordlnum eft venenum kujus urbia, Tatrum & plebk certamina i dum nee nobis imperii, nee vobis Ubertatueft mo- dusjum tadst vos Patritiorum.nos Plebeio*um, Afagi0ratuum}&e, Preh rDeumfidem ! quid vobu vultis ? Tribttnos plebis cowupftis, Concordia caufa concefjimus : Decemviros defideraftrs * creari paftl fumus : Decemvir -or urn vos pertafumeft : coegimus abire Magiftr*- tu, &c. Tribmos plebis iterum creari volm&UjCreaslis. Confutes fa~ cereveftrurumpartiumi patritium quoque Magiftratum plebi do- num fieri videmus. Auxilium Tr'wHnitiumjrovocatioviem ad popu- lum.fi ita plebis injuntta patribus fub titule aquandarum legum9 no- ftrajura opprefaferimpts ; Qui finis erit difcordiarum f ecquando U» nam urbem^ ecquando cemmunem hanc pauiam habere lictba ? Tuliius pro domo fua, & pro Plane; 7{jn (femitiis judicat femper populate fed movetur pleYHnq\grat%*% . cedit precibus, facie eos a quibus eft maxime ambitus 5 denife fi judi- cal non deleViu aliquo autfapieytia dueitttr ad judicandum , fed im- petu & qnadam temeritate ; non eft consilium in vulgoy non ratio9 nondifcrimen, non diligent ia : femperque fapientes ea qua popultu. fecijfetferenda, nonfemper laudanda dttxerttnt, Et pro Mura?na. Nullum fretum^ nullus Suriptts tot motus tanUt, tot varias habet agitationesflucluum, quant as perturbationes & quanta aft us habet ratio Comitiorum : Dies intermijfus unns aut nox interpofitafape tstrbat omnia ; & totam opinionem parva nonnunquam comutat aura rumor h \fape etiamfixe uila aperta caufafit aliud atq; nos exiftima- mus : ut nonnunquam it a fatlum ejfe etiam populus admire tar } quaft vero non ipfefecerit, Contzen: pol. !.i. c.2T. Roma ann. 400. quibus inter Reges & Cafares libertatemfe babe- re prefejfa eft, in per pet uo certamine ac tumultn vixit. Tacitus, an, 1. Difiordantis patria non aliud remedium effet quam Ji ab ttno rtgs* retur. 1 Sam. 8. 6. Keflitue nobis regem utjudicet nos. $$$^£$$« ®MTO<£OT THE SECOND PART OF The Hiftory of fndependency. Y Firft part of Relations and Obfervations Hifto- i. rfcall and ^Politique upon this prefent Parliament, The Procmc. begun Anno Daw. 1640. anno Car.primi, 16. is di- vided into two parts or Books, [The Mj fiery of the two Juntoes , Trejbyterian and Independent,^] wherein I (hew with what art ( to advance their defignes ) the Grandees divided the Houfes into the faid two Factions; which Factions entertaining the Quarrell in earneft, their refpe&ive Grandees were forced to turnc their jeft into earneft too, for upholding their Authority, with their feverall Parties : not unlike Butchers, who, in a Country Market fet their Dogs together by the eares in fport, and at laft owne their Dogs quarrell themfelves in earneft. The fecond Book is, [The Hiflory of Independency^ wherein I {hew the Rife, Groft>th,and Prattifes of that Tarty ; which being full of fchifmaticall quick-filver, reftlefle and ftirring, and tenable by no Oaths, Principles, Promifes, De- clarations, nor by any obligations or Lawes divine or humane, doth now enjoy the fruits of their perfidioufnefle and treachery, a Conqueft gotten over their Adverfaries by pretending, prote- fting, and falfe promifing, which they attribute to the Bounties and Mercies of God ; and from the fucceffe of their villanies argue mott Turkifhly his bleflings over them ; and asjewifhly arrogate to themfelves to be the peculiar People and Saints of God, although he ufeth them but as a Rod in his hand to fcourge the finnes of the other Party, and of the whole Kingdome. It is the ufoall method of Gods juftice not onely to punitTi one finne B by The Hi/lory of Independency . Part 1 1. by another, but one Sinner by another ; nay, a IelTer Sinner by a greacer : and at laft to receive the humble and corrected Sinner into Abrahams bofome, and caft the infuiting Executioner of his wrath into the fiery fornace of his anger. In my aforefaid [Hi- fi ory of Independency^ you have that Faction conquering : In this Continuation or Supplement of the faid Hiftory, I reprefent them to you triumphing, ufing and aiding their Victories to the dis- honour of God, deftruction of the King, beggeringand enfta- ving of the Kingdome, depriving us of our Religion, Lawes, Li- berties and Eftates, and confequently, making our Wives and Children the objects of our feare, defpair, and ill boding doubts, not the objects of any comfort and joy we can take in them, whofe miferies we forefee, but cannot help. When I confider the intricacy of this my undertaking, how perplexed it is, how intan- gled with various changings,counterchangings,revoIutions, revol- tings, and betray ings of Parties, ( fuch are all Civill Warres, but efpecially thofe where the raoft uncivill and barbarous fort of men, the dregs and lees of the People fwim a top ) how full of divisions, and fubdivifions 5 in fo much that they who are Friends, and hold together in one Intereft or Faction, are Oppofites in another. Methinks my labour is as vaine as his that attempted to take the Picture oi^rotem - or his, that endeavoured to fliape a Garment for the Moone : when God brought a Confufion but of Lips and Tongues upon Babel, what Man was able to reduce them into order againe ? But God hath brought upon us a Con- fu(ion,a Babel, not onely of Lips and Tongues, but of Heads, Hcarts,Hand$, &c. What Hiftorian can find a method in fo uni- verfall a (fhaos ? can draw light out of fo palpable a darknefle f B:fides, I forefee my reward to be envie, hatred, malice, con- tempt, flanders,fequeftration, beggery,imprifonment, and at laft an Arbittary death without any Legall Tryall, proceedings, Jury, Judges, or Court, or anyknowneeftabliftied Law to judge by; Obfequium amices Veritas odium fmriti I have already followed truth fo neer at the heels (although but a private retainer to her) that almoft all my teeth are fecretly ftricken out : what dare they not now doe openly againftme? fince by murdering our King, dif-inheriting his Pofterity, Subverting Monarchkrall Go- vernment, abolifhing the Houfe of Lords, and perverting the Houfe Part II. The Hiftory of Independency. 3 Houfe of Commons, fctcing up new Reprefentatives, with Sa. prcme and Lcgiflative Power, and new Courts and Jurifdiftions againft all Lawes, they Proclaime themfeives Conquerours of King, Parliament,and Kingdome, Victors of our Religion,Laws, Liberties, & Properties, & Triumphers over our Pcrfons, Wives, Chitdren,and Eftates I fince they profefTe their will & power, to be the only Laws & Rules of their doing?,and cur fufTerings.But when I confider,that as no mans innocency,fo no mans referved- neflfe can protect him ; but that fome men mull die(according to Catiline's rule) to make up the number, others to multiply connT- cations, others to fatisfie private fufpitions, malice & revenge. & many muft die to cement and foment this new erected Tyranny with their bloud, I thought it as eafie & more honourable to die waking and working for my God, my King,and Country than to die fleeping, and have my throat cut in a Lethargy. I know thefe Schifmaticks thirft as much after bloud, as they hunger after mo- ney : and I am fure to be involved in the common and inevitable rume of my Country, why fhould I not rather periih for it now, then with it hereafter/ It is more manly, more noble, more Chriftian ; Dnlce & decorum eft fro f atria mori ; was the faying of an Heathen, why not of a Chriftian ? Religion, Lawes, and Liberties, lie now at (lake ; why fliould not I come in for a Gamcfter I it is a mixt caufe, and he that dies for it is a Martyr. He that feares Death, mud be a flave to thofe Tyrants that carry the Sword; he that feares Poverty, muft be a Villaineto thofe fuiUJfes that beare the Purfe ; but he that feares God, will bor- row ftrength from him to contemne them both : Thus putting my truft in God, I put Pen to Paper, and my life into the fcales, where God (I know) holds the ballance: he whofe provi- dence takes notice of a Sparrow falling from the houfe-top, will watch over me, and either protect me againft them, or receive me from them. 2. Cromwell and Ireton ( by advice of their thriving Junto of In- An IntroAi- dependents in the two Houfes)having mutinied the Army againft *** RcPeti~ their Matters the Parliament, found that crime could not be de- Setmj 1. parc fended but by committing greater ; wherefore they feized the of the Hifiory ' Kings Perfon at HoUenbj to gaine Authority with the People; of indcpaidcucj, that they might the better fubdue the Parliament to their Jufts : ^-7,8,9,10, B2 for "«>*i* 4 The Hiftory ef Independency. Part II • Sea. 18,19. for the better expediting whereof, they courted the City of Lon- don to fit Neuters, and let them worke their ft ills with the Par- liament j which Myncnot taking fire,they united the fchifmatical Party of the City and Countrey to them, and all fuch as being guilty of publique cheats and fpoyles, defired the protection of the Sword to make good their rapines t and accounted all men elfe as Enemies ; applying themfelves to wooe and cajole the People ; eafily wrought upon as being weary of the Warre, and of the Mif-government, Factions, confulions and oppreflions of their new Matters the Parliament 5 which indeed were very great, but aggravated by them and their Agitators beyond the truth ? and the whole waight of them charged upon the more moderate and innocent Party, ( onely becaufe they were their Oppofites ) whereas ha J they fet the faddle upon the right horfe, as fure as Judas bore the Bagge, the Independents muft have rid before the Cloakbagge ; they being the Publicans and Sinners that handled moft publique treafure. The Layers on, Exactors, Treafurers,&c. of Taxes, the farre more numerous and bufte party in all Mony- Committees, and gainfull Employments, Engroflers of all great Offices ; and the greateft Sharers of Publique money amongft themfelves for Compenfations for Lofles, and Rewards for Ser- vices pretended ; and confequently, that Faction were the grea- teft Dilapidators of the Common-wealth, Oppreffors of the People,and Authors of confufion, though (according to cuftome) by an impudent fallacy, called (Tranflatic cr'tminis) the Indepen- dent faction lay their Baftards at other Mens dores, making a {hew to redreffe thofe faults in other men, which themfelves are chiefly guilty of : wherefore the better to ingratiate themfelves with King and People, they printed and publiiTbed Engagements, Declarations, Remonftrances, Manifeftoes, Propofals, and Peti- tions of their owne penning, and fent them by their Agitators and fectary Priefts into all Counties for concurrence and Sub- fcriptions : the better to fteale the refpects of the People from the Parliament to themfelves, like tAbfolom, they flattered the People to make Addrcfles and Complaints againft publique Grievances to them onely : Boafting themfelves for the fole Ar- bitrators of Peace, Reftorers of Lawes, Liberty, and Property ; Setlers of Religion, Maintained of the Priviledges of Parliament, Refor- Part II. The Hiftery of Independency. 5 Reformers and Callers to Account of all Committees, Scqu ftra- tors, Treafurers, &c. Deliverers of the People from that intole- rable Excife, and other Taxes : But above all, Prefervers of ail juft Interests, and Reftorers of the King to his juft Rights and Prerogatives with hor.our, fretdomey and fifety „ , rTx . to hisPcrfon, (originally their owne words, Jokj of Declarations of the Army, though fince they Quarrell with Parliament & L^efem: of the Armv at $.Aibm> City fo$ ufing them) & Redacers of his Queen func, 25. 1647. and Children ; without which they openly pro- B. Ded; againe, p. £4. feffe and Declare pofitively in many printed rSu' TfoFjurfats Letter to the Hou- ' if j „u i» !• /tl. fes horn Rcadr*?, tfuh 6. 1647. Papers to the world and the Parliament, There B Decl; agaln* ^ 7 ,%% can be no fetled peace nor happinefle to this Propofals of the Arm^Aug.i.iS^j. Nation. The truth of this AfTertion was obvi- Tmm$ Pro jec~ts,r>. '13/14* 4?'- anci oik to the meaneft Capacities ; and will fodain- m>' Animadvcrfions upon the Ar- ty be proved by deare and lamentable experi- ™^mofWe > aelmred I to the vulru „,/. . .. . \ Commons, Hovemb. 20. 1648. ence. To all thefe undertakings they now hunt The feeoud part o( England s Hew directly counter, yet in purfuance of thefe un- Ch wn's ; and the Hun-.mg the Foxes dertakings, the Army ( by their owne Authori- from New- Market and Triplo hath iv ) made Addreffes to his Majefty, and prefen- t0 *hitc bdl b>' ftve fma11 Bc2°^s> ted to him more tolerable Propofals than any g;e^y Animadverf10ns upon thc he could obtaine from his Parliament: They Army Remonfttance, Nov. 20.1648; treated with him, yet they wrought upon him and Putney Projeas, p.43. and Ma- under-hand to negleft the Proportions from J°f nm*m** Relation in a liooke Parliament tendered to him at H^^W,, -g $ t&tXiSE. and to prcferre the Propoials or the Army ; monft; preferred Novo™. 20. 1648. and then ( prefuming they had him faft lymed ) pag. 14,1 5,16. and, Secohd part of chev propounded to him anew ( as I have it England's New Chained 5 and the from good hands) private Propofals for the raLid HuntingofthcFoxes^&c. An i T Rtitjj r* j ji. the Reaions inaucmo Major J^oeerf Intereit of the Independent Grandees and the Hun:irigton t0 la doVne his Ccm- Army, derogatory to the Kingly Power and million. Dignity, to the Lawes, Liberties and Proper- ties of the Subjed,md deftrucTivc to Religion. To which his Ma- jefty giving an utter denyal!, they began to entertaine new Df- frgnes againft the Kings Perfon, and Kingly Government, which they ufhered in by fetting the Schifrnaticall and Levelling Party on work in City and moft Counties, to obtrude upon the Houfes clamorous Petitions againft further Treaties, and demanding exemplary Juftice againft the King : exceedingly laboured by B 3 Qremwzll 6 7 he Hijtory of Independency. Part II# Cromwell hlmfelfe in Yorkefoire both amongft the Gentry and Souldiers^&c. (amongft thefe the Petition, Decern!?, n. 1648. was the mod eminent ) thefe men that infolently petitioned againft the fundamentall Government of the Land, and Peace by Ac- commodation, were entertained with Thanks ; Others that pe- titioned for Peace by Accommodation were entertained with Frowns, disfranchising?, fequeftrations, wounds and death, as the Surrey Gentlemen ; this lliewed with how little reality the o- 2. part of Ewg- ver-ruling Party in the Houfes Treated with the King. In order Usui's v haines to this Defigne of laying afide the King, and fubverting Monar- dikovercd. chv> ^hey i. frighted his Majcfty into the Ifle of Wight. 2. The 1. Treaty. in the Parliament (that is, the predominant Party) purfued him thither ijk oj 'Wight, with 0ffer 0f a Treaty upon Propofitions; conditionally (that before he fhould be admitted to Treat ) he pafle 4. Dethroning Bills; of fo high a nature, that he had enflaved the People, fub- verted Parliaments, and had made him felfe but the Statue of a King and no good Chriftian, had he by his Royall alTent pafled arHift.Tnd. thern into A&s of Parliament ; and the Parliament (or rather feci. 6**63,6$. the Grandees ) after his Royall aflfent, might have made them- felves Matters of all the other Propofitions without his Confcnt : fo that this Treaty was but a flourifh to dazle the eyes of the world. His Majefty therefore denied the 4. faid Bills, and there- by preferved the legall Interefts of King, Parliament, & People ; yet the Faction prefently tooke a pretence and occafion there- ibhlcm, (eft.6u upon to lay afide the King, by palling 4. Votes for no more Ad- 66,63, 69,70, dreflfcs t0 him ; and a Declaration againlt. him : which were not 7 hi *> 7V7'l' Pa^ without niany threats, and more fhew of force then ftood Anim^dvei^ witn tne nature of a free Parliament, the Army lying neere the p. 10. And the Towne to back their Party : the defigne having been layd before 2 part of Ewg- hand between Sir Henry Vane Junior, Sir John Evelyn ofivilts, Unds new Ch: ]$ath: Ftemes, Solicitor Saint Johns, and a fekct Committee of the Army. I told you before the People had been throughly in- ^ T ftru&ed formerly by the Army and their Agitators, That there teffjnwci" could be no peace nor happixejfe m England, without reftormg the difcovered, King to hu juft Rights and Prerogatives, &c. notwithstanding p. 4.?. which the People now found their hopes that way deluded by the Army and their Party ; who had caft off the King upon pri- vate diftontents, the true grounds whereof did not appeare ; and Part II. The Hiftory of Independency. 7 and had obtruded all wayesto Peace and Accommodation, and made them dangerous and deftruftive to fuch as travailed peace- ably in them, witneiTe the fad example of the Surrey-men, Kent, JEjfex ; and all to perpetuate their great Places of power and profit. The minds of the People therefore troubled withappre- henfion that our old Lawes and laudable forme of Government ftiould be fubverted, and new obtruded by the power of the Sword,futable to the lufts and Interefts of thefe ambitious, cove- tous Men ; and finding befides evident fymptomes of a new Warre approaching toconfume thatfmall Remainder, whfch the lad Warrcs had left ; grew fo impatient of what they feared for the future, and felt at prefent ( infupportable Taxes, Free- quarter, infolency of Souldiers, Martiall Law, Arbitrary Go- vernment by Committees, and by Ordinances of Parliament changed and executed at the will and pleafure of the Grandee?, in ftead of our fetled aad well approved Lawes ) that defpaire thruft them headlong into Armes in Wales, Kent, EJfex, Ponte- fratty &c* and at the fame time a cloud arifing in Ireland, a ftorme powred in from Scotland, and the Prince threatning a tempeft from Sea ; thefe concurrences looked fo black upon the Independent Grandees, that they gave way to a lecond mock- Treaty in the I fe of Wight ; which was the fruit of their cowar- *• Treaty in the dife and fubtiity ; as appeares by Sergeant Nicholas (a Creature 1^'c °flVllht> of theirs) who ( upon Saturday, Ocloh. 28. 1648.) moved in the Houfe, That the Lf>rd Goring might be proceeded againft as a new Ttdinquent cut of mercy, becaufe he had Cudgelled them into a Treaty; though now they attribute all to the Kings corrupt Party in the two Houfes : the Army likcvvife kept a mock-faft or day of Humiliation at Wind/or to acknowledge their finnes, and implore Gods mercy for their former difobedience to the Parliament in not Disbanding, and their infolent Rebellion in Marching up in a Hoftile and Triumphant pofture againft the Parliament and City, ±Anguft 6.1647* promifing more obedi- ence hereafter, and to acquiefce in the judgement of the Parlia- ment, and Declared, That it y?as proper for them to all in their Dec). Juvci*. owne fphere as Souldiers, and leave State affairs to the Parliament : ^47- but this was done but to recover the good opinion of the people and City, and to keep them from ftirring, and to flay the mode- rate 8 ~ ikeHiftery of Independency. Part II. rate Party of the two Houfes from Declaring the Army Ene- mies, recalling and Voting their CommifHons, and eftablifhed Pay voyde, which they might have done with ruine to the Army and their Party in that Conjuncture of Affaires, and with fafety to themfelves, and applaufe of all honefl. men of England that had taken part with the Parliament from the beginning ; had not fome Grandees of the rigid Presbyterian party (both within and without the Houfes) fome curfed thing, fome Achans wedge in their bofomes which fuggefted, Their finnes were greater than could be forgiven ; and therefore they durft not caft downe the partition wall between them and the King ("this ArmyJ though it leane fo hard upon them, it is ready to overwhelme them ; Warre is neceflary for fome men of every Fadion, whofe crying finnes peace will lay open and naked to the fcorne, derifion, and deteftation of the world. How wei thefe fan&imonious Sword- players of the Army have obferved the Duties & Undertakings of their faid Humiliation, let the world judge: Have tieynot returned againe with the Dogge to the Vomit ? have they not coufenedGod, andtheirowne Soules? Sure they fafred from finne then, that they might finne with the more greedy appe- tite now ; and asked God forgivenefle of the old fcore, that they might finne againe upon a new fcore. Thus you fee the 2. Trea- ties in the Ifleofivight were begotten by feare and (that Idol of the Independents to which they offer up all their knaveries ) ne- ceflity. They were Cocatrice Eggs layd by their Grandees when they had been Crow-trodden by Armies from abroad,& Tumults See my 1 part acnome ; upon which they fate abrood onely to hatch Scandals feft .65,66,10? and new quarrels againft the King, Anarchy and confufion to 1 06, 1 07. and the State, and Tyranny and oppreflion of the People : to fet up the Conclufi- the Olygarchy of the Saints, or Councel of State, the Kingdome cll?llcIc.'~ , q of the Brambles, which fince doth fcratch the wool from off the skin, the skin from off the flefh, the flefh from off the bones. I have been compelled toufefome introductory Repetitions in this part of my difcourfe, that I may give you the whole myftery of the i.Trcaties with the King in the Ijle of Wight, with the cau- fes efficient, andfinall of them, under one view ; left fome one link of the chaine efcaping your obfet vation it become a Chaine of errors to you. My Sea.16,17,13. V1 Part II. The HiBory of Independency. 9 My firft part of the Hiflory of Independency ends with that }. which was but an unlucky preface to a Treaty with the King; Hamilton ovcr- mmc\y, Cromwel's menacing Letters to the Speaker of the Houfe thrownc- of Commons, dated Augufi 20.1648. Relating his eafic purchafe See my *• Pait" of a great Vi&ory over Duke Hamilton, and Lieut. Gen. Bayly ; ^' x^6' wherein he relates the number of the Scotiili Forces, farre dif- fering from the former Report of Lieut. Col. Ofbome a Scotiili Gentleman, made in the Houfe of Commons, July 20. ( whereof I have fpoken in my firft part ) who ( to take away the terror of them ) eftimated Hamilton and Longdates conjoyned Forces to Se<^' II*»II»- be but ioooo.and it was then thought a note of difaffedion to report them any more ; but this Letter (for the greater glory of his fan&ified Army ) multiplies them to be 21000. The manner of the Fight was very ftrange and exceedingly to be fufpecTed (efpecially by any man who hath heard or read of Bayly's former demeanour in his owne Country at Kylfythe and Auforte Kirks) It was little better than a beating up of Quarters for 20. miles together ( for fo far the Scots Army lay fcattered in their Quar- ters,the Horfe fo farre diftant from their Foot, they could bring them no feafonable reliefe ) Sir CMarmaduke Langdale with his fmall Party drew forth, and made an honourable refinance, had he been timely and ftrongly feconded : on the Scotifh Party the Fight began at Prefion in Lancaftire, where the Duke being wor- fted,retreated to wigon fiom thence to Warrington thorow Lanes and FaftneiVes, where Bayly, Licut.Generall of the Scotifh Foot, being ftrongly quartered upon a Bridge & PafTe, yeilded up 6000 Foot and Armes without fighting, and fo ruined his whole In- fantry : from Warrington the Duke fled with 4000. Horfe to T^amptwiche, from thence to Vtoxeter, where his manner of yeilding himfelfc to Colonel Wayte ( a Mjmber of the Houfe of Commons ) take out of Waytes owne report in the Houfe, who faid, the 'Duke yeilded Jimplyy and without any Articles of Surren- der ; that he voluntarily gave him hi* SVcord, Scarf "e, Signet of Armes , and his Cjeorge ; that he hung upon himfo that he could not get from him, de firing him tofecurehimfremthe rage o\ the Soul- diers ; faying, He had mt come into England, but that he tt\« ir.- vited by a greater part of Lords, Commons, Citizens, md Covenan- ters then called in the lafi Scotipy tArmy : prefently the Bloud- C hounds - I o The Hiftory of Independency. Part II. hounds of the Faction in the Houfe vented this, and called upon fFayte to know whether he named any? ivayte Anfwered, that Hamilton was afubtile, politique Lord, and no doubt (for the favina of his owne life) would doe that in more convenient time. Hereupon a Committee (all of Canibal Saints ) was prefently packed, and ordered to go downe and examine the Duke, but no particulars could they get from him : which was an honourable filence, and made amends for his former lavifh fpeech. It was happy the 7'rince did not truft himfelfe in the Head of this Army. Had Hamilton marched immediately to Qolckefter, or but to Ponte- frail, ( which he might eafily have done, Lambert his onely Op- pofite (till retreating before him) the whole Country had rifen with him. But he knew the Presbyterian party had rendred them- felves contemptible, and he as much contemned the Indepen- dents, therefore he foreflowed his march, willing Cromwell and Fairfax fhotild fubdue all other Parties, and that he onely might have Armes in his hands to bring in the King upon his owne tearms ; this over- confidence undid him: He was too much a Statefman, and too little a Souldier. 4. This Viclory did worke like Botled- Ale with Scott, Thomfon, The infolency Cornelius Holland, Sir Henry Myldmay, and many others of the of the fchifma- lighter-headed Saints, who were fo puffed up with the windinefTe ticill Members 0|jCj chat they began to fwell with difdaine and malice againft Zvlaory.0 ^s Pcr^ona^ Treaty, and to threaten and infult over all that had either petitioned for it from abroad,or fpoke for it in the Houfe, as the onely meanes for peace and a fetlement. 5. But the wifer fort ( more crafty to doemifchiefe) knowing, The wifer fort that the people were weary of Taxes, and the Army, and had lubtleJy conti-, no hopes of peace but by a Perfonall Treaty ; and were refolved TrCeg m0ckr t0 purehafe peace, although at the price of a new Warre : that Colchefler, PontefraB, Scarborough, and a Caftle or two in Kent were not yet reduced, the people in Wales, Kent,Efex,thc North, not yet fetled in fuch a calme, but that a new ftorme might arife : a considerable party of the Scots yet unbroken in England, and fronting Cromwell and Lambert, under the command of Monroe, a "daring, knowing, and uncorrupted Commander ; Scat land it felfe not yetfflured to them : and above all, the Trince of Wales with a ftrong Elect at Sea, likely to raife new tempefts at Land, had Part II. ?ht Hiftory of Independency. i r had he landed fome men in Kent or Efex, to gather up the male- contents there but newly fcatterd & broken, & ready to adhere to any Party to defend themfelves from the fury and rapines of their Committee ; Warwicke but a frefh-water Admirall, lying in the Thames under protection of the Block-houfes, and relying upon Land-Souldiers to awe the Mariners from mutinying ; a cloud arifing in Ireland ready to break into a ftorme : upon thefe confederations, the Caball or clofe Junto of Grandees thought fit to dally on the Treaty, the better to keep the Prince quier, in expectation thereof, and gaine time to worke upon his Sea-men, (already corrupted with want of work and pay ) and to gull and pacifie thereltof the Members and people (not patient of a fharper remedy ) untill Oliver had quite finished his Northernc worke, and marched neerer London, Colchefter reduced, and the Princes Fleet retired to Harbour to avoid Winter ; and then to brcake off the Treaty, and purge the Houfe of thofe Members that fought peace by an accord with the King, under the notion of the Kino's corrupt Party; to blind their eyes therefore, the Speaker- Lenthall (though at this time the Fore-man of Olivers (hop) when it was debated in the Houfe, Whether a Treatj fhould be had with the King in the JJle of Wight upon the Propofitions of Hampton-Court > The Queftion much oppofed, and at lait pat, the Noes and the Teas were equall, 57. to 57. in fo much that the Speakers voice was put in to turne the fcalcs ; he gave his voice in the affirmative, that time following his conscience againft his In- tcreft, and my Lord Say (openly in the Houfe of Lords) faid, God forbid that any man piouldtake advantage of this Viflory to breake tffthe Treaty : and the Armies Scoutfaom Tuefday Novemb* 1 4. io2{ovemb. 21. 1648. propounds three Riddles to the Reader, I. Why the Cfrandees of the f unto that ufe to rule the <>Army are the mofl atlive Solicitors for an Agreement of the Parliament with His Majefty when the ssfrmy are Atling to the contrary > 2 . Why His Mayfly, ft umbles onely at the matters therein the Prejbyterian Inter eft are concerned, when that Fatlion is the onely vifible prop to His life, Crorvne, Dignity, and dying inter eft ? 3 . Why the Souldi- ers "Petitions for Juftice upon His LMajefly were ill refented, and they thought worthy to be Tryed by a Councelt ofWarre, as Offendors, yet a Remonfirance was then framing by the Grandee Officers to the C 2 fame 1 2 The Hijlory oflndcfendency. Part II. fame purpofe, and much more againfi the prefent Authority > and in this the Generall concurres. 6. The next thing taken into consideration in relation to the New fiiftrii- Treaty, was, the giving new Inductions to Hammond the Head- Imprifoned by the Parliament, nor none now in acluall ^Armes againfi the Parliament [Jjould be admitted to come to the King. 3. That no foreine Agent fijould make any Addrejfe to Him without leave of both Houfes. Againft thefe Instructions it was ar- gued, That fome of them contraditled the former Votes, That the King fhould Treat in Honour and Freedome, and that He fiould en- joy the fame Liberty He had at Hampton- Court, which could not befo long as He was denied to correjpond with other Princes His Allyes (with whom He was in league and amity) by their Ambaffa- dors and Agents, a Royalty Infeper able from the (frowne, allowed Him at Hampton. Court, and to deny it was implicit ely to dethrone Him} To which was Anfwered, That this was true of a King in acluall excrcife of his Re gall power, which this King neither is, nor ought to be untitt He hath given fat isf all ion to His Parliament : That it Was a greet condefcenticn in them, and below the Dignity of a Parliament to recall their Votes ofNcn ^Addreffe, and put the bufneffe of the Treaty thus forward; and if He Vrould not accept of a Treaty upon fuch conditions as the ^Parliament thought fit, then things rrould be but Vchere they were. The peaceable moderate Party perceiving what operation the Scotifli Victory had already upon the fancies- of thofe hot-headed Men, knew they muftfpeake mannerly and modeftly for feare of correction, and mutt take what they could, fincethey could not have what they would. 4. That the King fhould give His Roy all word not to remove out of the J fiand during the Treaty, nor in 20. dales after, without confent of the two Heufes: The Earlc of this was to make his chaines a linke or two longer, yet the King Wmouk* Let- did give His Royall word accordingly. ter to Vcrby-bo: Thurfday.^ag; 24. a Letter came to the Committee of Safety complaining of at Derby-houfe from the Earle ofWarwicke, complaining of the ** Se*-men' perverfeneffe Part II. The Hiftory of Independency. 13 p^rverfneflfe of his owne Sea-men, and that thofe with the Prince would not yet ftoop to the Gods of Gold, ( his owne words ) That Come other way muft be thought of be fides force to undermine the Prince, that fince thej had fiubdued their Enemies bj Land, it would be a good preparative to Vcorke won their Snemies by Sea with the fame Engine* You fee thefe Saints having gotten the publiqtie Purte into their hands, are (at the peoples cofts and charges ) bountifull Corrupters of other mens faith, having none of their owne. About this time a new kind of pick-lock was invented to open g, the iron Chefts and Counter Boards of the City • and invite them A Committee to throw more money after that they had caft away already in to make effe- purchafe of Biftiops Lands ; namely, «* fimmittee to confider of a <^u^;heSale way to fiecure pinto the Pur chafers the Money they bad already dif Lands *° and bur fed upon the faid Lands ; and to remove all impediments in the cajole the City. Sale for time to come. To which Col. Harvey faid, That he had experience in the late defiellion of the City ; that the Alen mo ft backz » wards in the Parliaments fiervice, were finch of the. Prefibyterians as had no engagement upon Bifhops Lands • whereas others of the fame Party that have inter eft in the fame Lands, are as forward as any the beft affetled. Here you fee what it is that chaines the affections of the City to this Parliament, and what it is that divides them a- mongft themfelves ; felf-refpects makes them run along blind- fold with the Grandees in any defigne or faction. A good bar- gaine makes a bad Man ; Harvey needs no other president but himfelf, nor no more viliblc monument then his exceeding cheap bargaineof Fulham-houfieand Manour, which hath changed him from a furious Prtfbyter, to a Bedlam Independent. About this time it was Ordered, That Commififions fhould be 9. iffiued forth into the Norther ne (fionntie^ to enquire what Damages ACommiflion they have any waies finftained by Hamilton's Invafion ? This device imo the .No:th was of a twofold ufe. l.To cut of the Scots demands for Mony due what'damma- tothemfor their laft Brotherly ajftftance, and otberWife. 2. To cajole ges they hive the poor e Country into u belie fie they fh all have reparations againft the fuftaincd by Scots, and raifie them into a ctamorotu complaint againft the Scots - lhc Scotifh and at laft a deadly fitude when they {hall find their hopes denied by nV3"oa' them and difappointed. In the meane time they are patiently eaten up with Taxes and Free-quarter, and while they looke for what C 3 they 1 4 The Hijlory of Independency. Part II. they (hall never have, they lofe what they have already. This was the much applauded invention cf Matter St Johns of Lin- colns-Inne* 10# About this time the newes of the Surrender of Colchefter in- CoUhejicr fur- flamed the Antimonarchicall faclion from a Feaver to a frantick rendred, with Calenture. They yeilded to mercy, and within powers after the fequele Sir Charles Lucas zndSh George Lip (for the better explana- tion what Independent mercy is ) were Jhet to death ; fome attri- bute it to an old quarrell between him and Generall Fairfax, o- tbers think it was done to put an affront upon the King and the Treaty : Colonel Farre was Iikewife condemned by the Councell of Warre at the fame time , but is reprieved as a witneffe againft the Earle of Warwicke when time ferves \ for when Warwick? long fince waited at the Commons Dore with fome Ladies to petition for a Reprieve for the Earle of Holland, a Souldier of the Guard infolcntly told him, He had more need petition for himfelfe. * InftrucTions for the Commiflioners to Treat with the King Inftm&ions were Debated : The Independents propounded, that thofe Tro- fortheCGin- popions that were mofi advantagiow to the Parliament Jhotild be miflloners to p ft debated, andif the King did not conpme them all, the Treaty Treat with t0 yrea\e off: But it was held unreafonable in any Treaty, that his Majefty. Mg Party fioM bind himfelfe before the Conclupn, and leave the other at large, and himfelfe in the lurch 5 fo it was Ordered, They Jhould be Treated of in order as they lay, and (according to His Ma- yflies deftre) nothing binding to either Party until! all was agreed of. The next Humbling block caft in the way was, that feeing 40 daies only were allowed for to Treat, that they Jhould limit how many daies (and no more) Jhould be (pent in Treating upon every fever all T>ro- fofltion : But this was looked upon as a cavill to make void the Treaty, and fo overruled ; you fee what ufe thefe men that gaine by Warre make of their Victories. 1 2. The next thing debated was, the Lift offuch Gentlemen as were A Dcbare what named to attend the King in this Treaty : The moderate Party ex- Geml; (hould cepted againft *Afhburnham (a great man with Cromwell) and be allowedto Legge, as being Prifoners to the Parliament : The Independents kftyin j£e ^cepted D'. Shelden, Hammondznd Oldfworth, for the fame rea- Treaty. f°n ; DU^ the next day the Speaker moved, that Legge and AJlr bumham Part II. The Hiftory of Independency* 1 5 burnham might go to the King ; and to fatisfic fuch as had ob- jected their Imprifonment againft: them, the Independents al- leagcd they were unduly imprifoned, and moved, a Committee might be appointed to examine the caufe of their Reftraint : but the moderate alleaging the fame reafon for the faid three T>o- flors,and making the fame motion for them j there was no far- ther proceedings therein. Thus farre I have briefly fet downe the Preparations towards 1 : . a Treaty; the Treaty it felfe between the King in the Jfle ef Mafter ityn'j ivight,ind the Parliaments CommuTioners ; their Reports of the j|eccfh. ia ^e Refults to the Houfes ; and the Koufes Debates and Votes upon th°Kinos°con- them tooke up almolt all the timeuntill the 6. Decemb, 1648. cefiions'to be a (fomefew bufineffes of no great moment intervening) many im- ground for a perfect and partiall Relations of them have been printed curru falement. Prlvilegio ; but lAr.Will:Prjn in his excellent Speech made in the Houfe of Commons, Decemb,^\6^fi> and fince printed, hath fee down all the mod materiall Arguments on both fides, with great candor and ingenuity, and hath confuted the Enemies to Peace and Accommodation : if ftrength of Reafon can confute thofc men that follow onely their owne Interejts of power and profit, whofe wills and Iufts have alwaies been their owne lawes,. and are how become* the onely Lawes of this Conquered Kingdome ; I love not attum agtre, I referre my Reader therefore to his Speech, and will only trouble him with fome Obfervations upon this Treaty. I have faid fomething of the Militia, and the Kings Negative 14. Voice, in the i.part of this Hiftory,efpcciaIly in the Conclujtom at The Militia, the latter end; I will onely fay that without them the King can- andN«g?tive not be a Governing King, but a bare Titular King, a picture, a Y0!"" ^f'6ll fhadow, becaufe the protection of the People depends upon the t^ Concliifi- power of the Sword; He cannot protect them and their Lawes ons, 1?, 16,17. with the Scabbard : The Authority of the Scepter followes the power of the Sword ; wherefore to give away one, is to lofe both ; nor can the Subjects be any longer His Majelties Subjects, but Slaves to their fellow Subjects, when fo many petty Kings (not authorized by any law of God or Man to protect the People) (hall hold the Sword over their Heads,and diftract them with different Opinions, difagreeing Commands, according to the 1 6 The Hiftory of Independency. Part II. the variety of their feverail luuV, factions, and interefts : how can the King according to his Coronation Oath and duty ( to which i.p«t.fe&4»« God hath called him) Governeand protect his People, when he v> 4^. hath given away his Sword to a factious Parliament, where one Party tyrannizeth over the other, and threatens the other with the longed: Sword ? how abfurd and impoflible it is for the Sub- ject to expect protection from one hand, and to fweare and pay Allegiance to another hand that hath diverted it felf of all power to protect them ; let our Lawes, the practice of all Nations and times, and the judgement of the learnedft Politicians tell you, vvhofe Maxime is, Ilia optima esl Reffiublicaubi Princeps quam maximum potefi boni} & quam minimum mali ; Primo ne nova Tribute indie ere, novavetligaliaconftituere pojfit, inconfulta Re- pullica: Detnde legum condendarum anti "quandarumque poems Rempublicam, non unum aliquem Magijlratum etfe debet pot eft as ; nulla eniminre gravim peccatum admittitur, nnfquam graviores turbd minantur quam hifce de rebus ; That is the beft forme of Government, where the King can doe moft good, and leaft evill : i. Let Him be difabled to raife new Taxes3& lay on new Tribute. 2. Let Him not have thefole power to make or repeale Lawes, which ought to belong to the Common- wealth; not any one Magiftrate • for no power is more hurtfull to the People, nor flirres more Commotions then thefe two : fuch is the Kingdome of England ; the King hath neither the power of our purfes, nor the changing of our Lawes in His hands, and if he give away his Sword, he will be fuch a King of clouts as can doe neither good nor evill, like Rex Sacrificulus at Rome, eafummapeteflas dkitur, quafecundum Leges non efl major neque par -y fuch was the Dicta- tor at Rome, he had no equall there ; Papjp: curfor ditlator, ad- judged to death his Generall of the Horfe Tabim, for fighting a- gainft his commands though profperoufly ; and rejected all ap- peale to the Senate and Tribunes of the People ; yeilding at laft oncly to their prayers, with this faying, Vicit tandem imperii ma- jeftas : fuch is the King of England, the Common- wealth cannot compell him to grant a Pardon, or difpenfe juftice or mercy as theypleafe; the Oath of Supremacy calls Him Supreme Gover- xour in all Caufcs, over all Perfons ; fo doe all our Statutes, to whom in Parliament ( which is his hieheft fphere of majeltie ) is the Part II. The Hijiory of Independency, 17 the laft appeale by Writ of Error, 'who is, Princip'mm, caput & finis Parliament^ the beginning, head and end of the Parliament: and therefore he onely calls the Parliament, to advife with him, and diflblves it when he is fatisfied : He makes Warre & Peace, See the 1. part and is Protector of the Lavves, and of all juft Interefts ; onely the of thisHiftory, policy of the Law difables him to make, repcale, or alter Lawes, P^olcgomau, 1. or raife Monies without confent of both Houfes by Biil paffed ; (which is but an Embrio untiW he quickens it by his Royall Ai- fent ) becaufe this way the King may doe mod hurt, and wrong to his people, (as I have already faid) it being the wifdome of our Lawes to keep the Sword in one hand, and the purie in ano- ther. The 1. proemiall Propofition for juftifying the Parliaments i^t Qaufe and Qtt&rrell, and condemning His owne Canfe and P arty > The i.PropoG* was a bitter pill ; but an earneft defire of peace fweetned it, and tion f°r Ju*h- guilded it over, and invited him to fwallow it without chawing |>lnS che Par~ or ruminating upon it : but how devilifti, unchriftian, and illegall condemf^n2 a ufe the Faction have made of this extorted confeflion, let God His owne ° judge. quarrell. Their infilling upon it, that the King ftould tahe the Covenant, l£m was an errour in policy, whereof the rigid Presbyterians are The Covenant guilty ; they ( fuppofing the King would take it at lalt) ftood up- endevoured to on it, and intended thereby to joyne the King to their Intereft Jjf,, £?:„ "pon and Party. The more fubtile Independent knew the King would not, nor could not take it ; and therefore complied with the Presbyterians in obtruding it upon him, to breake off the Treaty: many things in the Covenant werevaine in the Perfon of His Majjfly, a?, that Hefljorddfweare to maintain His owne Perfon,&c. which the law of nature binds him to without an Oath, which in this cafe is idle,and a prophaning of Gods name : fome things in the Oath were contradictory to what the Parliaments Propor- tions dciircd of him, as,/o maintaine His owne Authority in defence of Religion, Lawes, and Liberties, which was impofiible for Him to doe unleflc he kept the Cfrtrfitia in his owne hands, and his T^gative Voice alfo, which that claufe in the Bill of CMtlitia, That all Bills for leavjing Forces fbould have the power of Acts of Parliament, without the Royall AJ]ent,£rc. would have deprived him of, by making their Ordinances Acts of Parliament in effect, D binding the King. i§ The Hiftery ef Independency. Part II# binding to the Perfons and Eftates of the People in an Arbitrary way, to their utter enflaving : To fa ear e to Aboli[h Bifiops, &c. was agamft his Coronation Oath ; Tofweare to extirpate Herefies, Schifmes, &c* is more then the Independents would permit ; To fvre.ire to maintaine the ZJnion between the t\\o Nations, which the Parliament declare already to be broken by the Scots Invafion, is vaine : befides, how unjuft a thing was it to impofe that Oath upon the King, when molt Members of the Parliament, Army, and others, are left at large not to take it ? The Parliaments De- mands, That the King fhouId declare againfl the Marque^e c/Or- monds proceedings to unite all the Interefis ©/Ireland for theferviee of his Majefty, was no part of the Propofitions upon which the Treaty was begun, but a fubfequent requeft upon an emergent occafion; and therefore I fee no reafon why the King fhould have given any Anfwer to it, but onely have held himfelfe to the original! Propofitions, yet he did Anfwer, That the whole bufi- xejfe of Ireland Was included in the Treaty, and therefore a happy Agreement thereupon would fet an end to all differences there, which being voted unfatisfatlory, and moved that a new Declaration might be publlfbed againfl him ; the King was inforced to put a ftand to the Marquefles proceedings by his Letter, to his great prejudice ; yet thefe Declarers againlthim do now comply with OV?en RoeOneale, and have entertained O Realy, the Popes Irifh- Vicar-generall in England,to negotiate for the Irifh maifacring Rebels with the Parliament : Thefe things confidered, prove what I find in our late King Charles the 1. moft excellent Booke3 Chap. 1 8. That it is a Maxime to thofe that are Enemies to peace, to dike fomething which in Reafon and Honour mufl be denied ; that they might have fome colour to refufe all the reft that is granted. More obfervations upon this unlucky Treaty I will not trouble my Reader with, thefe being enough to fhew the variety of thofe Propofitions ; by thefe he may take a fcantling of the reft, ex pede Herculem. I cannot but blame the indifcretion, if not the indifpofirion of thofe Commilfioners who cavilled away fo tfones coin- mucn iimQ m c^e Treaty, untill Cromwell had done his worke in plaines by Let- the North, and marched up to Towne to make the Treaty in- ters that Ireland effecTuall. wasliketobe About the latter end of 0#o£. 1648. Col foxes fentwhining loft* Letters Part II. The Hiflery of Independency. ip Letters from Dublin, to the Steers-men at Darby-houfe ; com- plaining that all Ireland was like to unite and profecute the Kingt Intereft, and therefore he cried for help ; but neither the faid Committee in their confutations, nor the Army in execution of what was refolved could agree amongft themfelves : the En- grofifers and Monopolizers of Olygarchy into a few hands, de- firing to make themfelves a corporation of Tyrants, fafpect an oppofition from the Levellers ; and would fainc turne them out of the Kingdome, into Ireland, to feek their fortunes, and pra- ctice their Levelling Principles in a ftrange Land : The Levellers ( more numerous in the Army, though leflfe numerous in the faid Committee) ftraine courtefie with their Betters, and would have them goc firft; thinking the feeds of liberty and equality will profper better in the foyle and ayre of England ; while they were difputing, if MarqueflTe Ormondhzd been acting (as he had been, had not the King been neceffitated to retard him, by his faid Letters, fent from the I/le of Wight during the Treaty ) the King had recovered that Kingdome intirely to himfelfe, which had been of great advantage to him. The lo.Novemb. 1648. Col.£w^,withfeven or eight Officers 1 8. more, prefentedat the Houfe of Commons Barre a thing called ^f^™011^ ( by thofe that ufe to mifcall things) An bumble Remonstrance of ^eHoufTo/0 the zArmy : it is founded upon thefe five Anarchicall Principles, Common?, j. That themfelves and their faSiien onely ( whom they call exclu- Nqv.io- 1648, fivety, the Wei- affected, Godly, Honeft Party, the Saints) are the People of England ; all the reft but Philiftins, Amoritcs, or (at the beft ) but Gibeonites. a. That their Inter eft onely is the publique Interefl of the People. 3 . That tbe people (that is, themfelves) are the onely competent fudges of the Peoples fafety ( contrary to the Lawesand practice of all Nations, which beftow that preroga- tive onely upon the Supreme Magiftrate ) but it may be here lies hid another fubfequent principle, That they are the Supreme Ma- gi fir cite .armed with Supreme Authority, at well as with their Swords; and hereupon, they as good as tell the Houfe, That if- their fup- pojed dangers be not removed, and thofe remedies which they Re- monftrate admitted, they ft all make fuch appeale to God ( that is, their Sword) as formerly they have done. 4.Principle is confequen- tiall to the 3. That they may drive on their Defigne (upon pretence D 2 of 2 o The Hiftory of Independency] Part II. of neceflity, felf- prefer vation, honeft intentions, providence, or revelation) againft all Power s, Formes of government, and Lanes whatfoever, under colour of that much abufed Maxime, Saltts Po- puli Supreme Lex efto, the fafety of the People is the Supreme Law;which hath been the fruitfull Mother of many Rebellions in all Agcs,to fervc the corrupt ends of ambitious Pcrfons;\vho ufu- aliy frlli in troubled waters to attaine to thofe ends which they could never arrive at in fetled Governments. This is a Principle, or new light difcovered by Major Huntington, That it islawfull to pajfe through any formes of Government , for accomplifhment of their ends, and therefore either to purge the Houfes> and fupport the remaining 'Party by poWer everlaftingly, or put a period to them by force : and themfelves imply as much in this Remonftrancc,/>.4). faying. It cannot bejafe to accommodate with the King, becaufe if He returne, and this Parliament continue long and unlimited, He will make a Party amongsi them ; He hath bid fair e for it amonv the Commons already, and the Lords are his owne out of ^ue ft ion ; and therefore we dare not trufl the King amongsi them* Againe they * fay, That if the King come in to the Parliament, He W/7/ be looked ■upon as the Repairer of breaches, Reft or er of trade, peace, plenty, &c* and if the <*s4rmy Jhould keep up (as it muft) upon Taxes, the Hou~ fes and Army will be looked up^n at Opprejfers ; and the ]ealouftes and difcontents of the People be increafed againft them, and make them-> apt tojoyne ijfue with the Kings inter eft, and may yeildus up a Sacri- fice to appeafe the King and his Tarty ; out of thefe words, and their owne practice, I conclude for them, ergo, They may carry on their Defigne upon neceflity for felf-prefervation, againft the Monarchtcall Government, and Law of the Land, to murder the KING, as they have fince done. Againe they fay, If the King were returned, each Party would ftrive fir s~t, and moft to amply with Him, ergo, there is a neceflity to fubvert the Kingdome and mur- der the KING, Behold what ufe thefe cowardly Saints make of neceflity, and felf-prefervation. 5. That they may appeale to their Sword againft the Authority of any their Cjovernours, in order to publique fafetj ; which two laft conclufions fet the dore wide open to Faction and Rebellion ; fince the People are ever float- ing and given to change, and every turbulent ambitious Fellow^ is apt to raife them into a ftorme againft their GoYernours, for their Part II. the Hiltory of Independency. a i their fabulous aflfertions wherewith thefe Saints ufinliy rui!d over their foule acTions, i. That the Houfes were free when they faffed the 4. Votes for Non-Addreffes. 2. Th it they were not free when they recalled them. 3. That the People wtre quiet and c 6 sit en- ted nntillthe recalling thofe 4. Votes ; and afterwards were unfetled, and pre fented clamorous Tetitions. 4. That the zsArmy did not ap- ply themfches to the King tint ill he proffered Himfe If e to them^. 5. That When they maie Addreffes to Him, it was but to prevent the Trefbyterian Party. But it appeares, their ay me ( from the be- ginning) was to fupprefie the Presbyterian, and advance their ovvne Party, and lay by the King, and domineer over Him and the Kingdome ; for when Cromwell had brought his Defigne to pel feftion, he laid at Kingfton, That he was as fit to rule the King- dome as HoUis. 6. And then but hypocritically. All thefe are fuf- Seft.6i,66,6Q ficiently confuted in my faid tAmmadvirfions, and inthefaid t9}70'7hlli Plea for the King and Kingdome, in "Putney ProjeBs, and in my li^fl J.' Firfl part of the Hislory of Independency. After all this tedious fhirTe aforefaid, they make Propofitions to the Parliament of two forts, all founded upon the faid five Antimonarthicall Prin- ciples ; The firfl forfatufying publique Juftice, ( that is, for the Hang-man to teach the Judges who they (hall Sentence to exe- cution) 1. They demand, the Terfon of the King may be brought to Jpeedy Juflke ; this affront they put upon the Parliament when they were necr conclufion of their Treaty with Him : when He had already granted more to his Subjects than ever any King condefcended to : this is through the fides of the King to give The Kings Su- Monarchy, the fundamentall Government, and Lawesof this prcmacys and Land, and confequently the Liberty and Property of the People, from thcncc his their Deaths- wound. By the law of God, nature, reafon,and the !£0^3fl,ty Lawes of all Kingdomes impunity is an infeparable prerogative See thc 0l f of Kings, as they are Supreme in their Dominions ; the Petition of Aikaiamcc $f Right t 3. (far oiiy Declares, That they had no poWer to hurt the Supremacy. Kings Prerogative, much lefl'e (I thinke) to hurt his Perfon ; the Sm- ©f Recog- Lawes, are the Kings Liwes ; Courts, the Kings Courts ; Judges fS*n\ *$"' his Judges ; Great Seale, his Seale ; the Writs,the Kings Writs ; * i/stgmMPt Pleas of the CrowncLi. ch.i,z. Stat. i^.Edw.^.^i E.$ Read Mr. Tryn's Memento to the un- parliamentary luntOj his Speech in the Houfc of Commons, 4. Dec; p. 7 2j7$.74j7 5;763 77. and my i.patt, fect.106. The ConcLu(ions;fec~t. 17. and my AiumadYeriions,p.i8. D 3 the 2 z The Hiftery of Independency. Part IT. the Ju^ice and Peace of the Land are his, confequently the Wars his Warres ; he is the fountaine of all Authority as well as of all \\ Ck&o Honour; Thou /halt not fpeake ill of the Cover nour of the People: is called Su- therefore not accufc him. The King hath no Superior nor equall prcmc, not the in England, contrary to that falfe diftindlion of the Obfervator% Tcopla and that he is, Ul'lajorjingulis, minor univerfis. When David would though -faid to foavc gone fonh to Battle, his Army diflwaded it, ufingthefe nance of man rear°ns> Jf ™ flee theJ **# not care for ™* mit^er lf balfe *f in fome re- w die, will they care for tts • But thou art Worth ten thoufandof fpefts, yet m : here you fee the King is reckoned, major univerfis, more S.T?aul3'RomA$. than all his Army ; and yet that Army was ( at that time) in ef- SnMofGodJ fc^alichewel-afFeacdofthcLand; and therefore ( by the A- 2?Governours narchicali Principle aforefaid ) the onely People of the Land : are diftinguiOV for further proofe hereofj appeale to all our Laws and Statutes, cd, the King is how will they Trie him ? who {hall Judge him i who are his Supreme, and pcereSj chat he may be Legally Tryed like a Freeborne man ( for fenTb^m,^ *~ure they cannot deny nmi cnat ri§ht ) according to CMagna his Commifli- Chart a,per legale judicium pariumfuoru} It is a grounded Maxime on. Befides it inourLawes, The King can doe no Wrong; wherefore then will appears, Qtai. 3 . they Trie Him, for doing no wrong f The policy and civility 16.& 4.7. God therefore 0f our Lawes, ( and of our Parliament too, in all their men "that free- Declarations, Remonftrances, fo long as they continued in any dome which is ftate or degree of innocency) alwaies accufed his Evill Counfel- fuppofed the lours and Minifters, and freed Himfelfe, left they gave advanta- foundation of ges t0 ambitious men, Abfolon-like, to fcandalize and dishonour he^eolfi ^He ^m> anc* rcnc^er n'm *ow anc^ Vl^e m tne cyes °f tne People ; t0 made them not tnc difturbance of the peace of the King and Kingdoms, and Lha- maftcrs of their king of the Royall Throne which is alwaies accompanied with own liberty,for an earth- quake of the whole Land. * Saint Peter bids us, Submit even then he tQ eyey or finance of man for the Lords fake, -whether it be to the laid the foun- rr. J r ^ irt r 1 i- dations of obe- ^ tfl£ asjupreme, or unto Cjovemours, at thoje wat are Jent by bim, dience in A bcl to Cain : Eve to Adam. If a people chafe a King, it is the act of every particular man, of whom the Commonalty confifts > and each individnall, nor the whole Commonalty can give him more power then himfelfe hath. But no man hath power over his owne life, nei- ther arbitrarily, nor judicially 3 but oncly over his liberty, which he may fo give away, as to make himfelfe a fubjeel, or a flave, this makes him fo chofen a Ruler, or Protector of them, who have parted with their liberty,and fubjec~ted to him ; and then God,(who only harh power of life & death,) invefts the King with power ro be the Miniftcr of God, to execute vengeance, not bearing the Sword in vain, Rtm.i$. See Dr.Hammends Letter to the L.F<»V/the Parliament was informed the Army was upon their march to ZWo#, whereupon (not without great oppofition by the Armies Party in the Houfe, and with great caution it fhould be mannerly phrafed for feare ofangringhis infolency) a Letter was Voted to be fent the Generall, forbidding his neerer approach. In contempt whereof E the *6 i p. The Kings C once ill on s debated ; and young S. Hex: Lnfo- The tiiftory oflndefcndencj. Part II. the Army immediatly printed the faid Declaration, accufingthe Parliament of Breach of 'Trufl, Lightneffe, Inconftancy, In.iifcre- thn% faying, They Would appeale from them to the Teople ( that is, itill themfeives ; you fee they hold one and the fame Rod over King and Parliament) and threatning to advance pre fently to Weft- minfter, to dee trh.it CjodjZ-culd enable them unto : The fame night they came to Hyde Parke corner, and kept Guards there : Here- upon it was put to the Qu_eftion, That the ^Armies approach was prejudicial! to the freedom* of Parliament? but through the cow- ardice of fome, whofe hearts now began to melt, and the impu- dent reftlefle bawling of thofe cheating Saints, that comply with the Army to keep themfeives from giving Accounts, it palled in the Negative. Dea.Thc Kings Anfwer was debated^and as a prologue to ir, young Sir Henry Vane ( a Whelpe of the old Curre ) fpake thus, AIr»Speaker, By this Debate we /ball know who are our Friends, and trie are car Foes ; or to jfeake mere plainly, We [ball difcover who are the Kings Party in the Houfe, and who the Peoples : To which was Anfvvered, That ftnee this Gentleman was fo bold, to deale thus by way of prevention, in a threatning manner ; and had for e- ju -'ced and divided the Hottfe into two parts : I hope it is as lawful! for me (who am no Grandee, nor no Gainer by cur troubles) to put yoji in mind of another Divifion of the Houfe, Sir, you will find fome de (irons of peace, and they are Lofers by the Warre ; Others are a* gainft peace, and thofe are Gainers by the Warre : My humble mo- tion is, that the Gainers may contribute to the Lofers, tlyat we may aH ft and upon ecjuaU fctt ; for, til! then, the Ballance of the Common- wealth will never ft and right towards a Setlement. True jefts bite fore. He and his Syre oppofe peace : left the Kings Revenue being r^ftored, they ftaould lofcagood Trade there: the old Dogge is Chair-man of that Committee; the young one is a prin- cipal! Publican orTreafurer; they get constantly above 6000J. per annum, between them ; befides private cheats by paying halfe Debts, and taking Acquittances for the whole ; and then dif- counting for the whole •> buying in old fleeping Penfions for trifles, that have not been payed in many yeares, and paying themfeives all Arreares ; Cornelius Holland is Servant to them both, and hath gotten as much wealth as makes him fawcy e- nough Part II. The Hi fiery of Independency nough to hire William Lilly, and other Pamphletiers to derive his Pedigree from John Ho/laud Duke of Exeter, although it be knowne he was originally a Link-boy, but he is now one of the New Lights, an illuminated Brother. Mafter Prjr. moved the de- bate of the Kings Anfwer might be laid afide untill it was a free Parliament not environed by the Army : but (faid M..Eich:Nor- ton) Take heed what you fay againft the Army, for they are refolvsd to have a free parliament to T>ebate the Kings zAnfwer, if we refufe. This day the Generall tooke pofleffion of white HaU for his Quarters, as if he meant to keep out the King in defiance of the Treaty : he brought to Towne with him foure Foot Regiments, and fix Regiments of Horfe ; part whereof quartered at white* Hall, the reft in Torke Houfe, and other great Houfes ; the Horfe turned the Reformado Horfe Guards that attended the Houfes, and lodged in the Mewes by their order, out of their Quarters, without applying themfclves to the Houfes. Upon Monday, Decemb.q, News came to the Houfe that by fever all Orders from the generall, His Mayfly was feizedin His B ed- chamber, and hurried aw ay Prifoner to HuiftCaftlc, a Blocks houfe out of the Ifle of Wight, (landing about a mile and half e in the Sea, upon a Be ache full V mud, and ft inking oaze upon low tydes • having nofrefh water within two or three miles of it, bitter cold, and of 'a foggy and peftiltnt ay re, fo noyfome that the Guards thereof are not able to endure it long without Shifting their Quarter, This was a torment beyond Piftoll and Poyfon, many fpake againft the in- folency ofthisfacl, as being committed againft the life of the King, and againft the honour and publique faith of the Parlia- ment, who had Voted, He Oould Treat in Honour, Freedome and Safety, in 2(ewport in the Ifle of Wight ; and had accepted His Royail Word not to withdraw out of the ljUnd during the Treaty^ nor in 20. dates after ; (which were not yet expired) and now to have the Houfes debates & remits fore-ftalled, and the Treaty made f ruftrate by fuch an aft of violence and prevention com- mitted upon the Perfon of the King, was a prefumptuous and rebellious acl : It was moved therefore that it might be Declared, That his Majefty was removed out of the Ifle of Wight by his Ex- cellencies Warrant, without the confent or privity of the Hovfe : But E 2 thole 27 20. The General! Gairifons White- ball & the Mervcs up- on his ownc head. 2T. The Houfe in- form'd that the King was fur- prized by the Army,and car- ried Prifoner to Hurji Cafik. 28 The Hi fiery of Independency. Part II. thofe Members that Idolize that Bell and the Dragon, the Army, and are but Priefts fatting themfelves upon the Sacrifices of that Image 5 infifted upon it to have two words amended in the Que- ition, i. The word \_DecUre~] would be conftrued to be a Decla- ring againft the Generall and Army : 2. The word \Confenf\ to be left out, reft it argued a difagreement in opinion and practice between the Army and the Houfe, as if the Houfc diflented from it. And certainly thofe Gentlemen that ftood upon thefe nice- ties, could not fay, it was done with their confent, for it was hatched in the Junto ; fo it was barely voted, To be done without: privity of the Houfe, nevertheleflfe. 2 2 . The fame day, they refolved to refume their faft Saturdaies de- The Debate bate upon the Kings Anfwers to the Propofitions of both Hou- U^°fVhe Kin§S **es > The firft QHeftion debated was,Whether they werefatisfaclorj fumed ^ 1C" *r no ? ^e Army Party argued, Thej were notfatisfatloryjbecaufe the King had not granted all their Propofitions in Termini* : To this Was Anfwered, That thefe Propofitions were not fent to His Ma- jefly as Bills to be paffedin Ter minis, without debate ; but as Propo- fitions to be perfonallj Treated upon, ( as the Votes of both Houfes, and the Inftruclions of their Commiffioners prove) now it is a- gainft the nature of all Treaties Perfonall, to tie up the Parties of cither fide fo precifely, that they fhall have no liberty to vary in any circumftance or particular ; fo that if all be not precifely granted, the Condefcentions fliall not be fatisfaclory, though all juft things are yeilded to ; as appeares by all Treaties between Nation and Nation where their firfl: demands are never fully granted, but alvvaies qualified and limited, if not diminifhed ; the rule being, Iniquum pet.ts utjuflumferas ; fo in ail Treaties between Enemies, Party and Party ; fee lAt.Tryns faid Speech, Decemb. 4. 1 648. where to avoid cavils, he waves this equivocal! Qneftion, and propounds the Queftion anew in thefe tearmes> Whether the Kings finall Anfwers to the Propofitions of both Houfes in this Treaty , confidered all together, be not Jo full and fat is fall ory in themfelves \that this Houfe may, and ought accept of and proceed upon them for the fpeedy fetlement ofafafe and well- grounded Peace both in Church and Common-wealth, rather than rejetl them as unfatif- failory, andfo hazard the loffc of all, and the perpetuating of our Wars and miferies ? This he held in the Affirmative, with fb many ftron^ Part II. The Bijlory of Independency . *p ftrong and folid Reafons, Arguments, and Prefidents both out of Divinity, Law, Hiftory, and policy ; and with fo cleare a confu- tation of the oppofite Arguments, that no man tooke up the Bucklers againft him to refute him : the Arguments are too ma- ny, and too long to be here repeated. Nor doe I love to abridge that which hath little or nothing in it fuperfluous ; or to make that fhort-lined by epitomizing it (fuch is the lazinefle of men to preferre Epitomies before Large works) whichldefire fhould be long-lined,and paflfe through many hands : This Debate laired untill Tuefday morning 5. Decemb. eight of the clock (the Inde- pendents hoping to tyre out and fright away the moderate men) and then it was Refolved upon the Queftion ( notwithftanding the terrors and menaces of the Army ) That the tsfnfwers of the King te the Propofitions of both Houfes, are a ground for theHonfcs to proceed upony for the fetlement of the peace of the Kingdom* • It was carried Affirmatively by 140 Voices, againft 104. that this Queftion fhould be put, and the Queftion it felfe was carried cleerly Affirmative without dividing the Houfe : prefently after this Houfe appointed a Committee of 6. Members to attend the Generall, to conferre with him and his Officers,and keep a good correfpondency between the Houfe and the Army ; who had fo much furly pride, and fo little manners, as to give them leave to take a nap of three or foure howers long (after their Nights- watching) before admittance,and at laft difmifled them with this churlish Anfwer, That the way to corre(pond,was to comply with the Armies Remonfirance : The Houfe adjourned untill Wedncfday following. Wednefday, Decemb.6* 164S. The Saints militant being enrar 22 gcd that the Houfe had recovered fo much courage & honefty as yhc &'rm'Ki to Vote according to their Confciences, and neglect their wild treaibnable Remonftranee and threatning Declaration, ( after fome private violence upon conference in the morning between Pridej Hewfon, & other Offi- J.he Houle m cers,and the Speaker in Wefiminfier-halhwtii the dores tluukhey ccc\n\ng 2rT. lent to the Houle of Commons a Paper, requiring that the Impea- Member* thed Members and ^/.(/.Browne/who they belied to have called in \\2kVC\i\tox\)might befecured & brought tojuftice *and that the fet ftrong Guards at the Houfes dores3 the Lobby ftaires, and at every dore leading towards the Houfe, admitting none but Parliament men to enter Weflminfter-hall, where Co\.&c. cers (landing feverall daies with Lifts of Names in their hands at the Parliament dore, have turned back from the Houfe, and de- nied entrance unto above 160. other Members, befides 40. or 50. Members who voluntarily withdrew to avoid their violence, all whem 5 2 The Hi ft or j of Independency. Part I T. whom they know to be Lofers by the Warrc, and therefore defi- rous of a fife and wel-grounded peace ; fo that they have made warre againfi: the majority of the Houfe, (that is) againftthe whole Houfe ; for, major pars obtinet rationem tonus, by all our Lawes and Cuttomes, The major part of the Houfe is virtually the whole Houfe ; which is Trcafon by their owne Declarations and Rcmonftrance farre higher than that whereof they accufe the King, and for which they demand Juftice againft Him : and the remaining faction of 4o.or 5o.engaged Members who now pafle unprefidented Acts of Parliament of the Houfe of Commons ( as they call them) without the Lords, ought not to fit, A&,nor take upon them the ftile of a Houfe under fo vifible, adhiall,and horrid a force, both by the Lawes of the Land, and their owne Ordi- nance, patted 4ugitft 20. 1647. To null und void all Orders .Votes, and Atls pajfed under the Tumult of apprentices, from fulj 26. to the 6. Auguft following ; and yet the faid Tumult ended the faid July 26.when it begun. See the faid Ordinance herewith printed. The Army ( who now acknowledge no power but that of the Sword (as Major white long fince foretold at Putney) and whofe principle it is, To breaks the Powers of the Sarth to pieces, as Wil- liam Sedgewicke in his Juslice upon the lArmy Remonflrance, faith: And who (as Joh: Lilburnein his Plea for Common Eighty p.6* faith) have by thefe extraordinary proceedings overturned all the vifible fupreme Authority of this Ration, nowfuffer onely their owne Party of 40. or 50. Members to jit , and doe journey wor\e under them, Vvho are Enemies to peace and have got Veell bypjhing in troubled waters, and hope to get better ; fo that hardly a feventh or eighth part of the Counties, Cities, and Burroughs that ought to have Members fitting.have any body to reprefent them, and therefore how they (hall be bound by the Votes and Acts of this fagge end, this Rump of a Parliament with corrupt Maggots in it, I doe not fee. Friday, Ttecemb. 8. aMeffage from the Generall was brought to Sir Robert Harlot that he might go home to his houfe, giving his engagement not tooppofe the actings and proceedings of this prefent Parliament arid Army : The like was offered to divers others : you fee hereby what the offence of thefe Imprifoned Members is, onely a fear e that they wiH defend the fundamental Go- vernment, the Religion, Lawcs>and Liberties of the Land9 the Kings Terfon Part II. The History of Independency. 3 5 Terfon and Authority and the being of Parliaments j againfi the Tyrannicall and Treafonable pratlices of the Army and their Houfe ef Commons. The fmall remnant of the Houfe of Commons fent fundry 2a times to the General I to know nhy he Jmprifoned their Members, Reafons , pro- and humbly to befeech him to Jet them at liberty if he had nothing a- vi"g that the gainfl them : But all this was but prevarication and falfe fhewes : gaining &- for, i.Theirbafeandconditionall way of demanding their Li- a^noun^l° berty [if he had nothing againfi them~\ implies an acknowledge- the force of the ment of the Gcneralls jurifdiclion and conufance over them, and Army, were an invitation of him to accufe them. 3. Their fitting and acting caafentlng to under fo brucifh a force before their Members righted, or the ^/^"J? honour of the Houfe vindicated, is a deferring and yeilding up Member! & of their Members & honour. 3. Their Voting an approbation of fe#ti j4,ij?. the matter of the General! Officers fcandalous and jugling An- fwer to their faid Demands concerning the fecured and fecludei Members ( as afterwards they did ) without hearing what the faid Members could fay for themfelves, is cleerly a forejudging and betraying them. 4. Their late Votes, That no man [bally er- ufe their fournall Booke of Ordersl&c. without fpeciall leave : is purpofely done to barre the faid Members who cannot make any perfect Anfwer in confutation of the Scandals caft upon them by the Generall Councels printed Libell againft them,with- out having recourfe to the faid Booke, to fee K>hat Votes pajfedfor Irelandyfor the 200000I. and other matters. To fay nothing how unufuall and unjuft it is to keep the Records of the Houfe from the view and knowledge of any man, and yet to expect their obe- dience to them. 5 . Their exceeding ftrid and fevere prohibiting the printing any Books not Lieenced,and imploying Soul Jiers to Search all Printing Houfes dayly, is done in order to barre the faid accufed Members from publifhing an Anfwer in their juRi- fication. 6. Their Summoning Wir.Pryn by order to appeare at the Commons Barre, knowing him to be (till a Prifoner to the Army ; fhewes, that the Army and they ferve each others turnes againft them. 7. And Laftly, the Declaration of the prefent Houfe of Commons,dated fan.if. 1 648. is nothing but an eccho of the faid AnAvcrofthe Generall Councell, againft the faid fecured and fecluded Members. They that are fo wickedly induftrious to de- F flroy 54 The Hificry ef Independency, Part II. ftroy thefe Gentlcmcns credits, doe this as a preparative to de- ftroy their Porfons, and feize upon their Eftates, for the mainte- nance of a new Warre, ( which they forefce their violent courfes will bring upon them ) and for the farther inrichingof them- felves, and eftablifhing their Tyranny, which they mifcall, The Liberty of the People. This violent purge wrought fo ftrongly up- on the Houfe, and brought it to that weakneffe, that ever fince it is eleven or twelve of the clock before they can get forty Mem- bers together to make a Houfe,of which number they fometimes faile : one time the Members would have had the Speaker go on upon bufinefies with a leffe number than forty ; but he knowing all fo done to be illegall and void, refufcd ; and yet ( to piece up the Houfe) they permit Mt.BlagravetlAr.Frye9zni Humphry Ed- Wards to fit as Members, notwithstanding their Elc&ions are Vo- ted void by the Committee of Elections : and one day an Offi- cer of the Army having taken fome Members going to the Houfe, and fecured them in the Tobacco Roome, under Guard j The Speaker not being able to mutter enough to make a Houfe, was faine to fend to the faid Officer, to lend him his faid Prifoncrs to make up a Free Parliament : This difgracc put upon the Impri- foned Members is purpofely intended as an Invitation to all their Enemies to come in and accufe them ; nay, it can be proved that meanes hath been ufed to fuborne Witnefies againft them : be- fides which, the fadion have made a ftridi inquifition into their lives and conventions, and have hitherto met with nothing. '25, Thus the Houfe being throughly purged, the next day in comes The day after the Do&or Oliver Cromwell out of the Countrey, bringing in the Houfe pur- un£jer hjs protection that fan&ified Member Henry CMartjn, DrCrm^lT wno na(* *Pent much time m pioneering the Country, had often &Hca:Martyn baffled the Houfe, and difobeyed many of their Orders ; foffici- fcis Apothecary, ent to have made an honcft man a Malignant liable to Scqueftra. don: But great it the friviledge of the Saints. It fortuned that day the cafe of the fecured Members was reported to the Houfe, which Harry interrupting, deftred them to takg into consideration the deferts of the Lieutenant genersM: which with all flavifb dili- gence was prefently done. And the Speaker moved, that to mor- rcfr might he a day of Humiliation to be kept in the Houfe % to humble the Spirits of the GW//,much overleavened with the Scotijb Viclorj. That Part IT. The Hifiory of Independency. 3 y That you may the better underftand how farre they mesne to be humbled, Hugh Peters the Pulpit-BurTon was one of their Chap- laines, who in ftead of delivering the Oracles of God, delivered the Oracles oftheCouncellofWarre to them, talking obfeure- ly of Accommodation and Moderation, and advifing them to adjourne till Monday or Tuefday (I think) that the Army might cut out work for thefe Journey-men of theirs ; and might worke their wills upon the City in the raeane time, when no Houfe fhould be fitting for the Citizens to addreflc their Complaints to; for in the interim they Garrifoned BlackFryars,ixA S.Pauls, reforming it, from the Church of God, to a Den of Thieves, Stable of Horfes, and Brothell of Whores, and Robbed diverfe Halls in Lonaon of vaft fummes of money by the prerogative royall of the Saints. The 11. day of Decemb. 1648. the faid fecured Members 26, publiflied a printed Paper, as followeth s A Declaration ot rhe iecurei f A folcmnc Treteption of the imprifoned and fecluded TitlSt Members of the Commons Houfe: Againft the horrid force aainft the'vio-' and violence of the Officers andSouldiers of the Army, on fence of the Wcdnefday and Thurfday laft, the d.& 7. of Deccmb.i 648. Al mX- WE the Knights, Citizens, and 'Burgefes of the Commons Houfe of parliament, (above one hundred in number) for- cibly felled upon, violently kept out of the Houfe bj the Officers and Soulditrs of the lArmy under Thomas Zor^Fairfax, comming thi- ther to difcharge our duties on tVednefday and Thurfday loft, being the 6* and 7. of this inftant December ; doe hereby, in our Thames, and in the Names of the refpeclive (founties, (fities, and Burroughs for which weferve, and of all the Commons of England, folemnly protest and declare to the whole Kingdome,That this execrable force and open violent e upon our Perfons,andihe whole Houfe of Commons, by the Officers andsArmy under their command in marching up a- gaintt their command, and placing ftrong armed Cjuards ofHorfe and Foot upon them, Without and againft their Order, is the highefi and mofl detestable force and breach of Priviledge and Freedome ever offered to any Parliament of England ; and that all ABs, Ordi- nances, Votes and proceedings of the faid Houfe made fine e the 6. of F 2 Decemb. 3 <* The Hiftory $flndcfendcncy. Part I L Decemb. aforefaid, or hereafter to be made during our refiraint and forcible fecluflon from the Houfe, and the continuance of the Armies force upsn it, are no Way obligatory \ but void and null to all intents and pnrpofes : And that all Contrivers of, Atlors inland AJfiftants to this unparalelt'd force and treafonable armed violence ', are open Ene- mies tOyUnd profcjfed Subvert ers of the Priviledges,Rights and Free- dome of Parliament^ and Difturbcrs of the peace andfetlement of the Kingdome ; and ought to be proceeded againfl as fuch : and that all miembers of Parliament andCommoners of England, by their fo- lemne Covenant and duty, under paine of deepefi perjury and eter- nall infamy \ are obliged unanimoufly to eppofe and endeavour to their utmofl poWer to bring them to exemplary and condigne puniftj- mentfor this tranfcendent offence>t ending to the diffolution of the pre- fcnt, and fubverfion of all future Parliaments i andofthefundamen- t all Government and Lawes of this Realme. All which we held it our duties to declare andpublifb to the world) for fear e ourfiupidjilence [bouldgive any tacit confent or approbation to this mofl det eft able crime, and make us guilty of betraying the Priviledges, Freedome, and Honour of this Parliament) to our per- petuall reproach) and the prejudice of all fucceeding Parliaments. Dated at Weflminfler, Decemb. 1 1. 2648. The faid folemnc Protection of the fecured Members being Th/tame complained of, was uifficiently barked at in the Houfe of Corn- Lords and in- mon$;and the Lords fell a barking at it too for company : and at folent Com- laft ( that they might confute it with Authority inftead of Rea- mom parte and fon \ both Houfes pa(Ted this following Declaration againfl: it : print a Dccla- ^tedD^U- f The Declaration of the Lords and Commons: A- ration. " gainft the firft Declaration of the fecured and fecluded Mem- bers. T He Lords and Commons affcmbled in Parliament) taking into their confideration a printed Pajer, entituled [A folemne" Pro- tection of the Iraprifoned and fecluded Members, &c. J wherein imongfl other things, it is Declare^ That all Ads, Ordinances, Votes, and proceedings of the Houfe of Commons, made fince the 6.of this inftant Decemb. or hereafter to be made during their reftraint Part II. The Hi/lory of Independency. 37 reftraint and forcible feclufion from the Houfe, and the continu- ance of the Armies force upon it,are no way obligatory, but void and null to all intents and purpofes; The faid Lords and Com- Theprcfem wu woks doe thereupon judge and declare, the faid printed Paper to be fiblc 90mn~ falfe, fcandalous, and /Editions, and tending to deftroy the vifeble and menc .,s J • f fundament all Government of this Kingdom e : And doe therefore Sword in the order and ordaine the faid prirted Paper to be fupprejfed ; and that all hands ofRs- < Terfons whatfoever that have had any hand in, or given confer.t unto bels. the contriving, framing, printing or pub lifhing thereof (hall bead- Tne ^n(^amcn" judged,and hereby are adjudged mncapablt to beare any Office ,or have mcnc °j- chl-~ any Place oftruft or authority in this Kingdome, or to fit as Mem- Kingdoms is bers of either Houfe ef Parliament, And doe further order and or- deftroyed by daine, That every Member of either Houfe refyeclively now abfent, Jne remaining upon his firfi camming toft in that Houfe whereof he is a CMember, jj^ l01) X£the for the manifefiation of his imocency, fhall difavow and difclaime his monS;) Dv their having had any hand in, or given confent unto the contriving, fra- Ads, Fer abo- rning, printing or publijhing- of the faid Paper, or the matter therein lif)inl Klllgly- contained. Cerumen, The Houfe of Peers, their putting dome Trials by 'fury of 1 1 men, and fating up illegal High Couru offufficc, ibeir ufurpiug the Supreme Authority, their ma\wg Tretfon an Arbitrary crimc,thcir creeling a Conn- cell ofState,or Hqgens mogens,forty Tyrants in lieu of one Kingjtheir altering the ityle of Writs and legall proceedings^ &c. Sentence given before any perfon accufeior heard to'fpeake for himfelfe. Oh; the brutiih understanding of men whole finnes and feares have intoxicated their wits I The 1 2 .and 1 3 . Decemb. the Commons (that they might purge 2 8. their Journall Books of all State-herefics, as well as their Houfe The Conven- or all State- Hereticks) voted this Index ex pur gat or ins, which in tlclc ot Corn" their owne canting language I here prefent to you. J~£™ T/a thin I. Refolved, &c. That the Vote of this Houfe, Jan.?. 1647. for Houfe under a revoking the Order, Sept. p.1 647. for fu /pending Commijfary Lionel! forccjthe Votes- Copley from being a Member of this Houfe ; is of dan onerous confe- deliberately quence, and tending to the dffrutlion of the jujjice and peace of the pa f f in 2 *" - Ktngdome ; and is hereby repealed. The like fur the reft of the im- Hoofed peached Members, mutatis mutandis. 2. Refolvtd, &c. That the Vote of the Houfe, June 50. 1648. thereby this Houre did concurre with the Lords (for ope-.una of a way to the Treaty with His CMajefty for a fafe and w el- grounded pace) That the Votes, Jan. 3. 1 647. forbidding all Ad.lreffes to be F 3 made 3$ The Hijlorj of Independency. Part IT. The Houfe adjourned. 29. A Proteft to be entered againft the Votcs}Tbat thriving* grants were a ground ftr a. Setlcmcnt ; a Touch-ftone of f. Cj our dons. Seethe Order, Dec. 5, 1648. 30. The CMil'uU of the Counties new fetled in Independent hands. made to, or from the King, be taken off; \X>04 highly dishonourable to the proceedings of Parliament, and apparently deftruClive to the good of the Kingdome, ( fure they meant the kingdome of the Saints.) They like wife by foare feverall Votes, revived the faid 4. Votes, fan.}.i 647. for no AddrelTes, in terminis. 3. Refilved, &c. That the Vote, July 28. 1648. That a Treaty be had in the Ifle of Wight with the King in Pevfon by a Committee appointed by both Houfes, upon the Proportions prefented to him at Hampton- Court ; was highly dijhononrable, and apparently de- flruttive to the good of the Kingdome. Good Boycs, they can fay their Leffons well, and apace too, when the Army whips them on ; they will (hortly have a jubile of play.daies for their paines, 4©.or 50. New lights fnuffed by the Councell of Warre, can bet- ter difcovcr what is difhonourable, and apparently deftruclive to their own Kingdome,then 34o.or 244. could doe at other times: If you aske what Debates they had > they could have none ; be- ing now freed from the contradiction of Sinners : being all Birds of a feather, taught the fame tune by the fame Matters, and fing- ing in the fame cage. Yet the unanimous recalling thofe Votes was not thought (by thofe that thinke one thing and fay another ) a fufficient Tefi all were confidently for them, that voted with them ; wherefore godly John gourdon (a Fellow that fpits venome as naturally as a Toad ) moved, That a Proteflation might fuddenlj be drawne up, and every Lfylember tofet hU hand to it, in deteftation of thofe re- pealed Votes. A Committee was appointed accordingly. The 14. Ttecemb. the faid new-found Shiboleth was brought in by Gourdon, which caufed divers that were not yet mad enough for Bedlam to forbeare the Houfe, or rather Conventicle, Decemb. 14. They repealed the Ordinance lately parted ( after mature debate ) for fetling the founty CMilkias of the Kingdome \ becaufe there were fome Presbyterians in it not welarTecfed to the Army ; and in that new fenfc, Maiignants : And ordered, that a new Ordinance, with a Lift ofneVo names, of Saints militant (founding like a Jewifh pedigree) be brought in ; for (through the indifcretion of the Presbyterians) the Independents have had the cuftody of our Purfes a long time, and now mud keep our Swords too, and then, Stand and deliver, will be the only Law of the Land. About Part II. the History of Independency. 3 o About this time Major Generall Browne one of the Sheriffs of 31. London was fetched out of the City by a Party of Horfe, and car- ShcviffeBrmw ried before the mechanique Councell of Warre at White-kill, (al- carricd aw£T. though a Member of Parliament, and confequently one of their ^orato Matters) where he told them, he knew they had nothing to charge s.famcs's. him wit hall, but hi* hone ft endeavours to preferve His Majeftj and Hk Pofterity3 together with the Parliament, City, andKingdome, with the Lowes and government thereof from being rooted up by them^tnd that he feared them nou Col.Hewfon (the one-eyed Cob- ler ) was fo fawcy as to tell him, He was too peremptory : at laft they committed him Prifoner to S. fames s. And that he might not want company , they fent a Warrant 3 2. to Capt. Lawrence, Marfhal Generall, to remove Sir will 'Waller, Sir will. Wd- Sirfohn Qatworthy, Major QmiMfatfo, and Commiflary Gene- ler> &c- remQ- n\\Ccpl7y from the Kings-headto him. ved zoS'Imcfs The Marfhall {hewing them the Warrant, they Protefted a- 33. gainft the Authority, and offered the Proteft to the Marfhall in They protcft a- writing, defiring him to fhew it to the Generall ; which he refu- ga*nft the Ge- fing to receive, Sir Will: Waller defired all the company to wit- n.cnIs Aurh°- neffe what Proteftation they did make in behalfe ofthemfelves, my* and all the Free-borne people ofSngland, againft the violent and illegall encroachments of the Generall and Councell of Warre, againft the Lawcs and Liberties, and read it aloud ; as followeth, % A Declaration of the taking away of Sir Will: Waller 9 Sir John (flotworthy, Major Gen: Ma (fey s and Colonel Copley, Members oftheHoafe of Commons, from the Kings- head in the Strand to S. James's : Together with their Proteftation read at their removall. With a Copy of the L. Generals Or- der for the fame. 1udd2iy,Decemb. 12. 1648. Marfhall Laurence came and acquainted Sir William Waller, Sir John Clotworthy, Major Gen: Majfey, and M. Lione 11 Copley, Members oftheHoufe of Commons, That he had Orders fronts the Lord Cjenerall and (fonnceU of the sArmy, to remove them from-* the other Prifoner 's to S. James's : They replied to him, That they defired to fee his Order i : the Marfhall Anfwcred, They were onely verbally but the Gentlemen inftfting to fee a Warrant for their remove ; do The Hiflory of Independency. Part II. remove; the Marshall went to the Generail, and from him about fix a clock brought an Order ; a true Copie of which fol- iowes, VtK, : YOa are upon fight hereof to remove Sir Will: Waller, Sir J ohn Clotworthy, Major General! MaflTey, and Colonel Copley, from the Kings- head Inne (where they are now in Custody) to Saint James's .• and for fo doing, this frail he your Warrant. Given under my hand, Decemb. 12. 16 $* To Marjhall GeneraU Lawrence. T: Fairfax. This Order being (hewed unto the forefaid Gentlemen,S.^/7- liam Waller produced a Paper, defiring that the fame mivht be prefented to the Generail ; which Marfhall Lawrence refilled to receive: upon which, the faid Sir William Waller, and the other three Gentlemen, defired the faid Marfliall and all the Gentle- men there prcfent, to attend and witnefle to that Protcftation which they did there make in behalf e of themfelves, and all the Commons & Free-borne Subjects of England; fo with a diftind and audible voice read their Proteftation, as followeth, WE Vvhofe Thames are hereunto fubferibed, being L^f embers of the Houfe of Commons, and Free-men of England, doe hereby Declare and protest before God, Angels, and Men, That the Cjenerall and Officers of the zArmy, being raifedbj the Authority of ^Parliament, and for defence and maintenance of the cPriviledges thereof '; have noty or ought to have any power orjurifdiflioi to appre- hend, fecure, deteine, imprifon, or remove our Perfons from place to place by any colour or authority whatfoever ; nor yet to que ft ion or • trie us, or any ofm by Martiall Law, or other\Vife,for any offence or crime whatfoever, -which can or {hall be objected aga nfl us : And that the prcfent Imprifonment and removall of our 'Perfons is a high violation of the Rights and Privi'edges of parliament, and of the TmdnmcntaU Part IL The Wftory oflndtpndtncy. 41 Fundamental! Larves of the Land, and a higher ufurpation and exer- cifeefan Arbitrary and unlaw full power , then hath been heretofore pretended to, or attempted bj this, or any King or other power what- foever within this Realme ; notwithfkanding which, We and every of us doe Declare our readinefe tofubmit our f elves to the Legall triall of a Free Parliament, for a>y crime or mifiemeamur that can, or fhatl be objetled againsl us : In witnefle whereof, we have hereto fubferibed our Names, the 1 2. of December, 1648. At the Kings-head William Waller, Edward Ma fey, in the Strand. > . n John Cloftoorthy. Lionell Copley. About this time, lArSPelham, W.Lane, lAt.Vaughan, Sir Simon ^; Dewes( Members fecured) were fet at liberty without any en- Foure fecured gagement, although at fkft it was demanded they Jhould engage Members dif* not to attempt any thing againfi the prefent atlings of this Parlia- charged. ment andzArmj ; which they refufed. About Decemb. 1 1 . 1 648. was delivered into the world a mon- ^ ^ # ftrous Beggers Brat, called [The Agreement of the People."} It is The Agree- very judicioufly Anfwered by Ht.WiHiam nAfburft ; all the Con- ment of the tents thereof is in the Remonflrance of the *Army, io.2{ov. 1 648. £c°PIe ?u'f1' whereof I have fpoken already. f^™d An" 1 . It propofeth, That the People ( that is, fome fmall part of the People, the Army and their faction ) without any colour of Law or Right fhould agree together to takf away finally the prefent Government by Kini, Lords, and Commons, which the Kings Party heretofore charged upon the Parliament as their Defigne for which they fought ; whereupon, the Parliament to vindicate themfelves, publifhed many Declarations , and pafled fundry Votes, That they Vvouldnot alter the Government by King, Lords, and Commons ; it alfo takes away the legall right from Burroughs to chufe members of Parliament ; this admitted, they may as well confpire to take away any Law, or any mans Life or Eftate, by which rule we could enjoy nothing but at the will of any number of men that fliall call themfelves The People. And up* on the fame ground that thofe that (hall fubferibe this Agree- G ment -42 The tiiflcry ef Independency. Part II. ment may call themfclves the People, may thofe that ftiall rcfufc to fubferibe call themfelves the People, and upon farre better grounds, as being farre the more numerous, and ftanding for de- fence of thofe auntient Lawes, which doe conftitute the People and Common-wealth of England, which will breed infinite con- fufionsand divifions : and what thofe that call themfelves the Teople now agree to, they may alter upon the next change of humour or intereft. 2. The inconveniences of the prefent Government have not yet been plainly difcovered, nor no Triall hath been made by the prefent knowne Iegall power of England; whether thofe in- conveniences may not be removed without Subverting the pre- fent Government, and introducing fo totall a change as will be very dangerous and grievous to all forts and conditions of men. 3. In the Proteftation, CMay 5. 1641. and the Covenant, Sept. 27. 1 643. we are bound to defend Parliaments, and to op- pofe and bring to punifhment all fuch as (hall endeavour the fubverfion of Parliaments, which this Agreement cleerly doth. 4. This Agreement encroacheth defperately upon the liberty of the people of England, in the Election of this Reprefentative; depriving them that have conftantly adhered to this Parliament as well as the Kings party ( if they cannot in confeience fubferibe it ) from Electing, or being Elected ; yet they {hall have Lawes and Taxes impofed upon them by Subfcriber?, who are the lead, and the leaft considerable party of the Kingdome; and upon whom they conferre no trult ; which is to disfranchise the Non- fubferibers, and reduce them to the condition of Conquered Slaves. It is a knowne Maxime in Law, Quod omnes tangity ah omnib'Mtrattari debet, what concernes all men m nil: be debated and agreed to by all men, either perfonaliy or reprefentatively. 5. It will raife factions and feudes between the Subfcribers and Non- fubferibe rs of the Parliament party. 6. It takes away Magistracy and Government, notonelyby placing fuch a Supreme power over them as is difputable; nay, apparently illegvll : But by making the heady multitude {the People jfupreme Judges over the faid Reprefentativerfor although it inflicts the penalty of death upon the Refflers of their Orders; yet Part II. The Hiftery of Independency. 4 j yet it is with thisjalvo, except fuch Reprefentative (hall exprefly violate this Agreement, which makes every man or number of men that (hall get power into their hands Judges of it; nor is thercany other Judge defigned : and ( if there were) who fhall judge that Judge ? & fie in infinitum, the legaii fupreme Truft of all publiquc interefts being taken away, our vagabond thoughts wander in a circle, not knowing where to repofeour truft, all Judges, all Councels may erre, but the rafcalr multitude are the very (Inke of errors and corruptions. If therefore the Supreme, the Reprefentative have fo unliable an authority, what fhall the fubordinate Magiftrate a&ing under them have j* 7. It fmels fo much of the Jefuite, that it tolerateth Popery in private Houfes ; contrary to the knowne Lawes of the Land : Popery (like the old Serpent) if it once get in the head, will foon infinuate the whole body, bemg fo well backed by potent Princes and Councels from beyond Sea. And truly I know not w hat to fay againfl: Popery, where Herefie, Schifme, Atheifme, and Blai- phemie are openly tolerated, and exempted from the power of the civill Magiftrate, as in this Agreement. 8. It will lofe Ireland ; the managing of the Warre there be- ing legally in this Parliament by Ad paffed, not in this new- fangled Reprefentative. 9. It divides us from Scotland. 10. It deftroyes the Caufe for which the Parliament fo often Declared, Voted, Protefted and Covenanted that they fought, viz. Defence ef Parliaments, Religion, LaVves and Liberties, and beftowes the Caufe upon the King, as if He onely ( from the be- ginning) had fought for them : which all men have reafon to be- lieve, when they (hall fee the Parliament make fuch illufe of their Victory, as to root them all up. And this and all other Par- liament Armies were Commiflioned topreferve this 'Parliament ; by this Authority they have their Pay and Indemnity, without which they are Thieves, Rebels, and Murderers. 11. It demands, that there be no Lawyers nor Lawes,but new Rules in Englifh to be made from time to time by the new Re- prefentative, who are to be chofen and trufted onely by a fmall faction of Subfcribers, ( as hath been faid ) according to which jufticeftallbeadminiftred, not bv Mayors, Sheriff*, Justices of G 2 the 44 The Hijiory of Independency. Part II. the peace, Officers alwaies ready, but by Hundred Courts, who are to fupply the roome of all the Judges and Lawyers of the Kingdome : and all this to lie in the brefts of 1 2 Men in every Hundred (of the Tribe of the Godly be fure ) who peradventure can neither write nor read, nor have refponfible Ettates to fatif- fie wrongs done : thefe fliall doe juftice by providence and reve- lation. 1 2. It deftroyeth all great and publique Interefts ( and there- fore cannot (land) Kings, Lords, Souldiers, Magtftrates, Parlia- ments, Lawyers, Miniitcrs, who will oppofe it becaufe it con- founds and deftroies Religion, and depriveth the Miniftery of its lot, Tythes ; flopping their mouthes with famine, purpofely lo caft them off : and generally all men of quality and difcretion will withftand it ; becaufe it gives no fecurity for enjoyment of liberty and property, nor for increafe of learning, civility, and piety ; who then are left to owne and fubfcribe it but defperate forlorne Perfons, who, becaufe they cannot bring their actions under the protection of our prefent Laws and Government, will bring the Laws and Government to their own corrupt wills and interefts, and therefore will figne this Agreement : no obedience being given to this Reprefentative,but upon condition ( that they kept this Agreement) and there being no other Judges of their keeping it but the Subfcribers; who in the refult of all, hav£ the Law in their owne Wills. 2 5, This Agreement efthe People is the fame which was fubfcribed This Agree- by 9. Regiments of Horfe, and 7.of Foot, and prefented with a mem of the Petition to the Houfe of Commons, 3{ovemb. 5. 1647. by the People was Agitators, Giforde the Jefuite being then in the Lobby with i^HTure'of^ th^m' and very adlive therein* UP0n vc*dm% and dcbate hcrcof> CommoL°, the Houfc then declared their judgements againft it by paffing $.N Sir Tho- mas Hrrothe,Siv Jo:Bourcher{Zo\.Peter Temple, Humphry Edwards ( who waited on the King to the Houfe when he demanded the 5. Members, 49 44- Part II. The Hijlory oflndcptndericj. 5. Members, and his Election is adjudged void by a Committee) Mr.Tho: C'halloner, Sir Gregory 2{orton ( who gave a man 20I. to wait on the King in his place as Penfioner when He demanded the 5. Members) Michael Old/rvorth, ^AuguHine Garland, Sir Jo: Danvers, Mr. Dove, Mr. Henry Smith, Mr. Frje ( whofe Election is voted void) Mr.Searle, T^kh: Love, John Ly fie, Co\. Rigby, Cornelius Holland, Col. Ludlow , Cjreg: Clement, Col. Turefoy, Co\.Stapeley, Mr.Dunch, Mr.Cawley, Col. Doftnes, JoiCarey, John £lackjslon,Tho:Scot. I>ecemb. 12. Co\. Hutchinfon,Sir Hw.Mj Id- may, Sir James Harrington; Decemb. 25. Col. Edward Harvey, Alderman Pennington, Alderman Atkins,s£gypt : which he applied to the Leaders of this Army? H whofe garment. 45. A mock Rift kept by the two Howies, and j H\ Pacts co- micfe Scvmon. 5 5$ The tiifttry pf Indtftnitncj. Part II. whofe defignc is, to lead the people out ofzABgyptian bondage : But how muft this be done ? that is not yet revealed unto me ( quoth Hugh) and then covering his eyes with his hands, and laying downe his head on the cufhion, untill the People falling into a laughter, awakened him : He itarted up, and cried out, 2^ow I have it by Revelation, now I fhaH telljou j This Army mufl root up Monarchy, not onely here, but in France and other Kingdomes round about ; this is to bringyou out ofJEgypt : this sArmj is that corner ft one cutout of the Mount aine, which muft da[k the powers of the earth to pieces. But it is ob jetted, The way we walks in is without prefident ; what thinkeyou of the Virgin Mary ? Was there ever any prejident before, that a Wo^an [hould conceive a (fhild without the company of a Man ? this is an Age to make examples and prep* dents in. 46. Dccemb. 2 $ . The Councell of Warre voted a Toleration of all The Councell Religions : you fee they vote like States. men,as well as their Par- of War vote a liamcnt. Jl°ReUoion$f About this time, a Committee of Common-Counccl-men e '!!°n came complaining to the Houfe of Skippons additionall Ordi- Thc Common nance, That none /hould Sletl, or be Steeled, or execute the Place of Councell peti- Lord Major, Alderman, Alder mans Deputy, (fommonCouneell- tion againft man, &c. that hadpgnedthe Petition for a Perfonall Treaty, &c* ^tiTa-d-' kecaufe they found the City generally ingaged in the faid Peti- ncn"'\ x l" tion ; fo that they could not find Men enough to ElecT:, or be fi- nance in vaine. ; - -*, .^.. -/ _ . ~ ° t • < *> Jeered : w herefore it was referred to a Committee to thtnke of a remedy vvorfe than the difcafe, as it proved afterwards. You fee the petitioning for a Perfonall Treaty was founiverfalland publique that it could not bs carried on by any private defignc in Conventicles and corners ; as are all the bloudy Petitions for ijuftice,]uflice againft capitall Delinquents and the mo ft High, which being penned and Solicited by the Army, or feftary Committce- * 48. men, and fubferibed and profecuted by fome few beggerly Schif- Somcrfct jbire maticks without Cloakes in the Names of whole fiunties, (whom eu C°u aSrd by tnev had tnc imPudence to belie ) were entertained in ftate ; and ^htTalhhe they» and that wel-affec^ed County (though they abhorred the wchffcftecU.c. villany) thanked for their paines. all the Anar- * 25. 'Decemb. The Houfe voted a Letter to be fent by way of drifts and encouragement to the County of Swerfet, to to oh with fetling Cheaters. ° * tkir Part II. The Hifitry cf Independency, j i their aflbciation with the welaffe&ed, and forces of the Counties adjacent : This is to affociate & Arrag all the Schifmaticks, Com- mittee-men, guilty and defperate Perfons, Antimonarchifts, and Anarchifts, againft all the peaceable and honeft men of the King- dome. 26*Decemb. Mr.Pryn fent a Letter to the Generall, demanding ^ his liberty ; and feconded it with a Declaration, as followeth : Mr.T>y»x La- tter to the Ge- f Mr. Pryns Demand of his Liberty to the Generall, £^g^" Decemb. 26. 1 648. with his Anfwer thereto. And his Decla- in* ls - enT ration and Proteftation thereupon. For the Honourable Lord¥zirfzx, genera// of the prefect Army, Hefe are to acquaint your Lordjhip, That I being a Member 50. of the Commons Houfe of Parliament) a Free-man of England, Mr. "Pryns Dc- T a great Sufferer for ,and an Affertor of the Subjetlj Liberties againft ^^hiT aURegall and. *? relatic all tyranny , and no way fubjetl to your oVtne, ^ Later. your Coumell of Warres, or Officers military po^oer or jurifditlion, going to the Houfe to difcharge my duty on the 6. of this instant De- cember, ttu* on the ft aires next the Commons Houfe dore> forcibly kept backjrom entring the Houfe,feized on, and carried away thence, (without any pretext of Ldtofull Authority thereto affigned) by Co- lonel Pride, and other Officers and Souldiers of the Army under your Command. And notwithftar. ding the Houfe s demand of my enlarge- ment both by their Sergeant and otherWife ; ever flnce unjuftly de- tained under your Marfhals cuftodie, and toffied from place to place9 contrary to the knowne Priviledges of Parliament, the Liberty of the Sub\eH^and fundament all Lawes of the Landy which you are engaged to maintaine againft all violation. And therefore doe hereby demand from your Lordftip my prefent enlargement, and juft liberty , with your tAnfwer hereunto. From the Kings-head in the Strand, Ttccemb. 26. 1648. William Prynt This was delivered to the Generals owne hands at his Houfe in J£ueen~ftreet9 about three of die clock, the fame day it beares H 2 date 5 2 The ffijlory of Independency. Part II. date ; by Do&or Baftwicke : Who returned this Anfwcr by him, upon the reading thereof: THat he knew not but Mr* Pryn was already re leafed, and that he Would fend to his Officers to knoW what they had againfi him* Who it feemes art all things without his privity, and fteere all the Armies prefent counfels and defignes according co their abfolutc , wills. % The publique Declaration and Proteftation of Wil- liam Pryn of Lincolnes Inne, Efquire ; Againfi: his prefent Re- ftraint, and the prefent deftrudive Councels and Jefuiticali proceedings of the Generall, Officers, and Army. I William Pryn, a Member of the Houfe of Commons and Tree- man o/England^i? have former lyfufferd %years Imprifonment (four of them clofe, three in exile) three Pillories, the loffe of my Eares, Calling,Eftate,for the vindicating of the S-ubjetlsjuft Rights and Liberties againfi the arbitrary tyranny and injuftice of King and Prelatstand defence of the Proteflant Religion here eftablified; (pent mo ft ofmyftrength and ft tidies in averting the Peoples juft freedom e, and the power and priviledges of Parliament, againft all Oppofers9 and never received one farthing (by way of damages, gift, or re- compence ) or the fmalleft benefit or preferment whatfiever , for all my fa (firings and publick^fervices ; Doe here folemnly declare before the mofl juft and righteous God of Heaven and Earth (the Searcher of all hearts) the whole Kingdome, Englifo Ration, and the World, that having according to the beft of my skill And judgment, faithfully difchargedmy truft and duty in the Commons Houfe, upon re all grounds of Religion, Confcience^uftice^LaW, frudence and right reafon,for thefpeedy and effetluallfetlement of the peace and fifty of our three diftr ailed, bleeding, dying Kingdome s. on Monday, Dec. 4. J was on Wedntfday morning following (the 6. of 'this inftant) going to the Houfe to difiharge my duty, on the Parliament ft aires next the Comons dore, forcibly feized upon by (fol. Pride, Sir Hardrefle Wal- ler, and other Officers of the iArmy (who had then befet the Houfe withfirong Guards and whole Reg: ofHorfe and Foot) haled violent- ly thence into the Jgueens Court, notmthftanding my Proteftation of breach Part II. the Hittory of Independency. 5 3 breach of priviledge, both as a Member and a Treeing by a mecre ufurped tyrannic all power , without any law full Authority, or caufeaf- Jigned; and there forcibly detained Prifiner (with other CMembers there reflrained by them) notwithfianding the Houfes dmble demand ofmyprefent enlargement to attend its fervice by the Sergeant, and that night ( contrary to faith andpromife) carried Prisoner re Hell, and there [hut tip all night, (with 40. other CMembers) withsut any lodging or other accommodations, contrary to the known Priviledges of Parithe fundament all Laws of the Re almond liberty of the Subjetl ; which both Houfes ,the ^Kingdoms, the Gener all with all Officers and Soldiers of the Army, are by folemn Covenant and duty obliged invio- lably to maintains Since which I have, without any lawfull power or authority, been removed and kept Prifiner infeverall places, put to great expences ^barred the liberty of my P erf on .calling ; and denied that hereditary freedome which belongs to me of right, both as a Tree- man^ Member,an eminent fuffer erf or the publike,& a Chriflian,by thefe who have not the leafl fhado-w of authority or juftice to reflraine me, and never yet objecledthe leafl caufe for this my unjuft reftraint. I do therefore hereby publickly proteft againfl all the/e their procee- dings, as the highejl usurpation of an arbitrary and tyrannic all po^er^ the great eft breach of faith, trufl, Covenant, priviledges of Par Ham, and mo fl dangerous encroachment on the Subjetls liberties and Laws, of the Land, ever praclifed in this Kingdome by any King or Tyrant ',. ejpecially by pretended Saints, who hold forth nothing butjuflice, righ- tetufneffe, liberty ofconfcience, and publicly freedome in all their Re- monflrances 5 Vrfales they are triumphantly trampling them all under their armed iron feet. And doe further hereby appeal to, andfummon them,before alttke Tribunals and powers in heaven and earth for ex- emplary ]U ft ice againfl them, who cry outfo much for it againfl others leffe tyrannical!, oppreffive,unjufl, and fedifragus to God and men than themfelves. And doe moreover remonflrate, that all their prefent ex- •rbitant aclings againfl the King^Par I. prefent CfOverr:ment,& their new modi e d Re prefent at ivc,4re nothing elfe but the defigns & projetls offefnits, Popifh Priefts and Recufants (who bear chief fway in their CounceU) to deffroy andfubvert our Religion^ Larves, Liberties, Go- vernment, Magiflracy, Miniflry, the prefent and all future Pa- 1, the Kir.g, his Pofterity, and cur 3 . Kingdome s, yea the Cjenemll, Officers, and Army themfelves }and that with fpetdy and inevitable certainty ; Hi to 54 The Hiftory of Independency. Part II. to betray them all to our forr eigne Topifh Enemies ; and give ajuft occapon to the Prince and Duke, no\\> in the Papifts power, to alter their Rcligion,and engage them, and all forraigne Princes and Spates to exert all their power tofupprejje and extirpate the P rot eft ant Re- ligion and Proftffors of it through all the world, which thefe unchri- ftian, fcandalom, treacherous, rebellions, tyrannicall, fefuiticall, difi loyall, bloudy prefent Counfels and exorbitances of this asfrmy of Saints, fo much pretending to piety andjuftice9 have fi deeply woun- ded, fcandalized, andrendred deteftable to all pious, carnall & morall men of all conditions. All which lam, andjball alwaies be ready to make good before God, Angels, Men,and our whole three Kingdomes in a free and full Parliament, upon all juft occafions j and fe ale the truth of it with the laft drop of my dear eft bloud. In witneffe whereof, I have hereunto fubferibed my Name : at the Signe of the Kings-head in the Strand, Decemb. 26. 1648. William Tryn. ^ I% 27. Decemb. The Councell of Warre ( who manage the fcnfi- The Councell nefle in relation to the King,faith the Diumall) ordered, That all of War forbid ft ate and ceremony fhould be forborne to the King,and his Attendants all fhre and ce- i€^ened, to raortifie him by decrees, and worke Him to their de- remony to the {^ From Dec. 2*. When it was firft moved in the Houfe of Commons to pro- to 1 . January, ceed capitally againft the King ; fromwell flood up and told Num.18 1 . them, That if any man moved this upon defigne, he pjould thinks him 5 2» t the great eft Tray tour in the World ; but fine e providence and necejfity Crorwels Sf.in hadca* thcm upon it, he piould pray God to bit tie their C ounce Is, theHo:whemt , / . r .,, f > , . • / n was firft pro- though he were not provided on the Jodawe to give them counjel 1 pounded to trie this blefiing of his proved a curfe to the King. the King. 28. Decemb. was brought into and read in the Houfe an Ordi- 5 ?• nance, explaining the former Ordinance for electing Comraon- TheOrdinancc Councel- men, which confirmed the former Ordinance. It was Com Councel referred back againe to the faid Committee to confider ofta- menconfir- king away the illegall ( as they pleafe to mifcali them) Oathes of mcd. Allegiance, Supremacy, and other Oathes ufualty adminiftred to OfliccrSjFrce-men, &c. of the City. The Part II. The Hiftory of Indtfcndency . 5 5 The 28. Decemb. Tho-.Scot brought in the Ordinance for Triall 54. of the King, it was read and recommitted three feverall times, The Ordinance and the Commiffioners Names inferred confifting of diverfe fo: Triall of Lords, Commons, Aldermen, Citizens, Country Gentlemen,and "ji ^jf^ Souldiers, ( that the more perfons of all forts might be engaged Commons, in fo damnable and treafonable a defignc) and becaufe this Ordi- nance, and the proceedings thereupon had no foundation in Di- vinity, Law, reafon, nor practice: The Commons to give it a foundation and groand from the authority of their Votes, decla- red as followeth, Refolved, &c. That the Lords and fommons ajfembled in Par- Viurnatt from liament% doe declare and adjudge, That by the fundament all Lawes *. J<«uo the 8. of the Realme.it uTreafon in the King of 'England for the time to ^M£6f; come to levie War againft the Parliament ,and Kingdom of England. So together with this declaratory Vote the faid Ordinance 5^, was carried up to the Lords by that Renegado Lord Cjray of And fent up to grooty>Ja*n.i64$. The Lords met that day farre more than or- the Lords, dinary, 1 6. in number, and proraifing to fend an Anfwer by Mef- fengers of their owne. The firft Queftion ftarted by lbme Lords(who had rather have ^ had a thinner Houfe ) was, Whether it fhould be prefently deba- ani Debased. ted? which pafled Affirmatively. The firft Debate was upon the faid Declaratory Vote : The Earle of Manchefter told them, The Parliament of England, bj the fundament all Lam of England confisled of three Eftates, 1. King. 2. Lords. 7,, Commons : the King u the firft and chief Eflate, He calls and dijfolves parliaments, and confirmes all their Alls : and without him there can be no Parlia- ment ; therefore it is abfurd to fay, The King can be a Traytour a* gainft the Parliament. The Earle of Northumberland faid, The great eft part (at leaft twenty to one) of the People of England were not yet fatisfiedjtohether the King levied \\\tr firft againft the Houfes, or the Houfes againft Him ? And if the King did leavie Warre firft 57. againft the Houfes, we have no Law to make it Treafon in Hwu> The Zealots of [otod(te: And for us to declare Treafon by aft Ordinance, \rlxnthe thcH;ofCo:J1; rr n. - 1 t • ; . / • offended with matter of fall is not yet proved, nor any Law extant to judge it by, is rhc Lords for 'very unreafwable : fo the Lords caft off the Debate, and caft out calling forth the Ordinance : and adjourned for feven daies. the Oidio; for fan.7. The Zealots ©f the Commons were very anery at the Jnall oi the- Lords, ° %6 t The Hiftory of Independency. Part II. Lords, and threatned to clap a Pad- lock on the Doreof their Houfe : but at hft they fenc up Tome of their Members to exa- mine the Lords Book,and fee what they had done ,• who brought word back, that their Lor djhips had pajfed 2. Votes: i*That they doe not concurre to the [aid Declaratory Fete. 2. That thej had reje- tied the Ordinance for Triallofthe King. 58. Hereupon, the Commons refolved to rid their .hands of Votes paired King and Lords together ; and prefently they voted, That aH by them there- therein. Upon the debate, many hot-brain'd men infilled upon it, That the Lords who rejected the Ordinance [hou id be themfelves Im- peached for favouring the grand Delinquent ^/England, (you fee the King was likely to have much juftice,when his Judges muft either condemne Him , or be condemned ) others thought it more pru- dence to touch their Priviledges, and Jet alone their Perfons. Die Jovis, q.Jan. 1648. The Commons parted thefe 3. Votes, A queftion in x ; j-^ tfo ^people ( that is, their owne faction, according to pIt?amen tne'r *~al(* Principle. ) *re under God the originall ofalljufl power. never agreed to 2* That the Commons ■ of 'England in Parliament affembled, be- by Divines. ing chofen by, and rcprefenting the People, have the Supreme power of This we find de tfa Nation. facie, m the ^ T hat what foever is enaUed or declared for Lato by the Houfe our Religion of (fommons affembled in Parliament, hath the force of Law : and 1 awes, Liber- all the People of this Nation are concluded thereby ,although the tics and Pro- confent or concurrence of the King or Houfe of Peers be not penies, though ha' f for Try all of Charles Stuart King of England. •j-rfall of the* King. WHereas it is notorious that Charles Stuart the now King of England, Was not content with the many incroachments •which his Tredeceffors had made upon the People in their Rights and Freedome, hath had a wicked Defigne tofubvert the antient andfun- damentall Lowes and Liberties of this Nation, and in their place to introduce an Arbitrary and Tyrannic all Government, and that be fides all evill waies to bring His Dejign to paffe ,He hath profecuted it with ~ fire andfword, leavied and maintained a Civill War re in the Land, X^jlJ i an.: \ againft the parliament and Kingdome ; whereby this Qmntry hath on doe not been miferably Wafted, the publiejue Treafure exhaufted, Trade de- tranfhte thefe cayedy thoufands of People murdered, and infinite of other mifchiefs Crimes from committed, for dl which high offences the faid Charles Stuart mMt themfclves to / r i / / it* it ;• •/> the Kin^, with long fine e have been brought to exemplary and condigne punifhment. m othcrs. Whereas, alfo the Parliament well hoping that the reftraint and imprifonment of His Terfen, after it had p leafed God to deliver Him into their hands, would have quieted the distempers of the Kingdome, did for bear e to proceed judicially againft Him, but found by fad ex- perience thatfuch their remifsnejfeferved onely to encourage Him->, and His Complices in the continuance of their evill pratlices, and in raifing new (fommotions, Rebellions, and Invafions : For prevention , of the like and greater inconveniences, and to the end no chief Officer or Cfr!agiftrate may hereafter prefume Trayteroufiy and malitioufly I to 5* The MJtory tflndcpendtnty. Part II ! to imagine or contrive the en/laving or deftroying of the Englijb Nation, and to ex* pett impunity. Be tt enabled and ordained by the Commons in this prefent Parlia- ment ajf emitted, and it is hereby enacted and ordained, that Thomas La. Fairfax, Gcncrall. Oliver Cromwel,lXcu. Gencrall. Com. Gen. Irettm. Major Gen. Skippon. Sir Hardrefte Waller. Col. Valentine Walton Co\. Thorn as Harrifon ColEdward Whalley. Co\. Them as Pride. Col. If aac Ewer. Col. Rich: Ingolsby. Sir Henry Mildmay. Sir The- Honywood. Thomas, Lord Grey. Philip^ Lord Life. Will: Lord Munfon. Sir^ohn Danvers. SirTho: Maleverer. . Sir zfohn Bowcher. Sir J'Amts Harringtcn Sir William Brereton. Mobert Wallop iE(<\mxt Will: Henningham, EC ifau Pennington, Al- derman. Thomas Atkins r Aid: Col. Rowland Wilfon9 titer. Wtntwonh. Col. Henry '^Martyn. Col.William Pure fay. Col. Godfrey Bofvill. ?ohn Trencherd, Efq. Col. Harbottle Morley Col.john Berkftead. Col.Mat.Tomblinfon. tfohn Black flon, Efq. Gdb : MilUngtony Efq. Sir Will: Cunslable. Col.Edward Ludlow. Cdl.fehn Lambert. Col.fo: Hutchingfon. Sir Arth: Ha^lengge. Sir Michael Live ftey. Rich:Saleway>Eiq. Hump h : S alow. a y , E fq . Co\.Rob:Titchburne. Go\. Owen Roe. Col. Rob: Manwaring. Col. Robert Lilburne. Col. Adrian Scroope. CoL Richard Deane. Col fohnokey. Col. Robert Overton. Col . John Ham fen. Co\ Job: Desboraugh. Col William Goffe. Col. Rob: Dukenfield. Cornelius Heliand>EL John Carnt, Efq, Sir Will: Armtne. I oh* I ones, Efq. iJMiles Corbet^ Efq. Francis Allen, Efq. Thomas Lifter, Efq. Ben: Weft on, Efq. Peregrin Pelham,ECq. lohn Gourdon, Efq. Serj. Francis Thorp* lohn Nut >Efq, Tho:Challoner>Eb\» Col. Alger n: Sidney, J>ohn Anlabj,ECq. Col. lohn CMoore. Richard Darley,ECq> William Saye,E(q, John Aldrcd, Efq, IohnFagge, Efq, lames Nelthrop. Efq> Sit Will: Roberts. Col. Francis Labels. Co\,'Alex:Rixby. Henry Smith.Efq. Edmond Wilde, Efq, fawe/ Ch.tloner :Eiq, Iofus Barnes, Efq, Dennis Bond, Efq. Hump: Edwards, Efq,, Grcg:Ckment, Efq. Part IL The Hijl0ry of Independency* John Frdy^ Efq. Th:'Woganf%X<\. S\x Greg: Norton. Serj. JohnBradjhaW. Col. E-dm: Harvey. John Dove, Efqc Co! . To fm Venn* John Foulks, Alder: Thomas Scot, Alder: Tho: Andrews^ Aid: WiRiam CawleyJH(e[. Abraham Burrell££<\. Col. Anthony Stapley, Roger Gratwicke, Efq. John Downes,Etq. Col. Thomas Horton. Col.Tho: Hammond. Col .George Fcntvicke. Serj. Robert Nichols. Robert Jieynoldiy Efq. Uhn LtJle,E(q. Nicholas Lov-e^ Efq. Vincent Potter. Sir G'lbert Pickering. Uhn Weaver, Efq. John Lenthall^ Efq* Sir Edward Baynion. John Corbet^ Efq. Thomas Blunt , Efq. Thomas Boone, Efq. AuguHin Garland ££. Auguftw S k inner , E f. John DickfxveU^ Efq. Col.Gf orge Fleetwood Simon UMaine, Efq. ColJames Temple. Col. Peter Temple. Daniel Blagravcjitq. Sir Peter Temple. Col. Thomas Wayte. John Browne, Efq. /fl!w Lowrcy^ Efq. Mr. Bradjhaw^ nomi- nated Prcfidcnr. 59 Counfcllors affiftant to this Court, & to draw up the Charge againft the Kino^ are, Do&or Doripw. Matter Steele. Mafter x^iske. Mzdcx Cooke. ■ Serjeant Dandy, Sci> jeant at Armes. Mr. Philips, Clerk to the Court. MefTcngers and dore- keepers, are, Mafter Walford* Mafter Radley. Matter Paine. Mafter Powell. Matter #*//. And Mi:King}Crkv* fballbe% and are hereby appointed (fommiffioners and fudges for the hearing, Trying^ and Judging of the [aid Charles Stuart ; and thefaid (fommiffioners, or any 20. or more ofthemfhall bey and are hereby Authorised and Conjlitmed an High Court of fufike9to meet atfuch convenient times and place as by the [aid Commiffionersi or the mayor part, or 20. or more of them under their hands and feales fhall be appoint ted and notified by publichjroclamation in the great Hall, or Palace-yard of Weft- rninfter ; and to adjoumefrom time to time yand from plxce to place ^ as thefaid High Court or the major part thereof meeting [hall hold fit, and to take order for the char* ging of Him thefaid Charles Stuart with the Crimes above mentioned, and for the J 2 receiving 6o The Hifiery ef Independency. Part II. Thefe wife 'receruinqHis PerfonaU Anffter thereunto, and for examination of Bieniif CjQthin fVitneffes upon oath (if need be) concerning the 'fame '; and thereupon could hoi tell or m default of fitch Anfwer to proceed tofina/l Sentence according to whether Wk- vif}ice andthe merit of the Caufe, to be executed fbeedily andimpar- r.efles upon - . ,, . ■, , /*. V >, ■ , { A , . Jr, r . *. o-idi were ne- r;^V- ^^ f** /*wdf Gourt u hereby Authorised and required to ceifary upon £/;#/ifoners for file, ofVohom thefe fewijh Merchants (ball keep a conftant traffque with the Turks, Moores, and other C Mahometans ; the Barbadus, and other Enelijb Plantations being already cloyed With Welch, Scottifh, ColcheQer and other Prifoncrs impofedby way of f ale upon the Adventurers : and thus is the meaning of Hugh Peters threat to the London Mini- fiersj That if another Warre followed, they Veill Jpare neither Man, Woman, nor Child : For the better carrying on of whkh Defigne, the fail Caball, or Junto, k~ep <* ftri& correspondency with Owen Roe Oneaie, the bloudy Popifb Antimonar chic all Rebellin Ireland, and the cPopes Tfjintio there. The Antimonar chic all Marque (fe of Kx- gyle in Scotland i the Tarifian, Norman, and Ticarde Rebels in France ; and the Rebel King of Portugal I. If danger be not held fo clofe to your eyes that you cannot difcerne it, looke about you Enr- lifh. But this Kingdome k not to be faved by Men that willfave themf elves ; Nothing but a ^Private hand} and a Publiquefpirit can redeems it. The 3. fan. 1 648. Mafter jects Liberties j for defence and maintenance whereof* as I have hitherto fpene my. ftrenjrk g* The Hi (lory oflndep endency. Part 1 1. ' ftrength, adventured my life, body, liberty, and eftate ; fo fhall I now againe engage them all, and all the friends and intereftsl have in heaven and earth, rather then they (nail fuffer the Icaft diminution, prejudice or eclipfe by my ftupid patience under this unjuft captivity ; though I can as willingly forgive and put up private injuries, when the publique is not concerned, as any man. All which, I thought meet to informeyour Lordihip of, whom I am heartily forry to fee fo much dishonoured, abufed, and mif- led by rafh ill-advifed Officers, and dangerous, deftru&ive ( and I dare fay Jefuiticall ) councels, to the Parliaments diflipation, the Kingdomes prejudice, Inlands lorTe ; moft good mens and Minifters grief, your bed Friends aftonifhment, your Enemies and the Papifts triumph, our Religions fcandall, and yourowne difrionour : which I befeech you as an Englifh-man, a Chriftian, a Profeflbr of piety and Religion, a Souldier, a Generall, to lay fadly to your heart, as the earneft requeft of From my Prifon at the Tour Lord/hips faithftiU Friend Sign of the Kings- and CMonitor, head in the Strand, 3. Janu: I 6 4 8. William Prjn* f 0/0 additiondl Fejlfcript. WE read, Luke 3. 14. that when the Souldiers demanded of John Baptisly faying, and what Jhallwe doe ? hefaid unto them, Doeviolenc-e to no man, ( or put no man infeares) neither accufe any faljlj, and be content with jour allowance : not imprifon, depofe, or murther Kings, pull downe Parliaments, imprifon, violently (hut out and drive away Parliament-men, and then lay all falfe accufations and fcandals upon them to co- lour your violence, fubvert Kingdomes, alter States, breakeall bonds of Lawes, Oaths, Covenants, Obligations, Engagements to God and Men ; ufurp all civill, military and Ecclcfiafticall power, and the Kings Royall Palaces into your owne hands, as fupreme Lords and Kings ; raife what new forces, and leavie what new Taxes you pleafe, take up what Free-quarters and Houfes, feize and plunder what publick Trcafuries & monies you pleafe Part II. The Htftory of Independency. 6$ pleafe,without Commiflion or Authority, obey neither God nor Man, neither Parliament nor Magiftrate; and be content with nothing, but alter and fubvert all things. Thefe are Saint Peters new Doctrines and Revelations, to our Officers and Souldicrs now,and thofe Jefuits who lurk amongft them, not John the Bap. tifi, whofe Canonicall advice is now rejected as Apocryphal!, even among the Army Saints, who preferre every ignUfatuu*, though from Dowaj or Rome it felfe, before this burning and finning old light, and are guided onely by a new muffed Jaw of pretended providence ornecefiity of their owne forging, and not by the revealed u ill and law of God, the facred light where- of their prefent works of darkneffe dare not approach, led they fhould be reproved and condemned by them. But fome 43. Acti- ons of falfe imprifonment by the imprifoned, and 1 50. Actions pfthe Cafe by the fee !uded Members, brought againft thefe do- mineering lawleiTe Officers and Grandees of the Army, where- in good Damages will berecovcred,&fome i2.Indictm:of High Trcafon againft them for laying violent hands upon the Kings Perfon, and the Members, and leavying Warre againft the Parlia- ment, will teach them more obedience, humility, and modefty than either felon Baptift, Saint Paul, Saint "Peter, or Saint Peters will doe ; and be like Cfideen thornes and briars of difcipline to thefe men of Sweet h, with whom no faire meanes will prevaile ; who might have learned fo much law and juftice from an Hea- then Souidier and Governour Feflus, Acts 25.27. It feemeth unto me unreasonable to fend ( much more to commit ) a Prifoners and not withall to fignifie the crimes lajd againft him ; and come fliort of that ingenuity of the heathenifh chief Captaine who feized upon Ti ■«/, thereby to appeafe the Tumult at Hierufalem, Acts 22.27,29. who as foone as ever Paul told him,^ was a Roman,and 1 ?ree- borne ; then flraight way they departed from him who fould have examined him ; and the chief e Captaine alfo \bas ajfraid, after he knew that he ^as a Roman, and becaufe he had bound him* And fliould not faife imprifoning of a Parliament- man and Free-born Eng!ifh-man be as formidable to our chiefe Captaines ( being a Chnftian, I fay, fvvornc and vowed to defend the Houfes Privi- ledges, and Members Perfons ) as the Imprifonment of a Re- man was to this chiefe Captaine, and they as ingenious and juft K as 66 The Hiftory oflndepndency. Part II. as he, who fliall rife up in judgement againft them, and condemn them at the laft. I (hill clofe up all with this obfervation,That as the mod glo- rious Angels in Heaven, when they fell ( throngh pride and am- bition, as moft conceive) became the very foulelt Devils in Hell ; fo the moft refpkndent Teeming hypocriticali Saints when they fall through the likefinnes, and have power in their hands, be- come the moft incarnate Devils, and Monfters of treachery and tyranny ujpbn earth, eioccedragTurkes and Pagans therein, of which we have now fad experience in our Army-Saints, who e- very day aggravate, and yet juftine their impieties and exorbitan- ces. 2 Chron*i 8. II. T^ow he Are me therefore^ an& deliver the Cap- lives again, winch J e have taken Captives ofjonr Brethren ; for the fierce wrath of God is upon jots . lVill:Prjn. $ a The Saints having nothing to fay againft Major Gen; Bnwne, Another forgd ( unlcfle they fhould accufe him for being true to King, ParJia- Letter endea- ment,City, and Kingdorae, and to all the firft declared Principles voured to be 0f tliis Parliament ) fell to their old trick to faften another coun- Slf "'Or °mc* m^lt Letter upon him : wherefore a Man coming to S. James's (where he was then imprifoned) ddired in the hearing of all pre- sent, to fpeake with him in private : Major G. Browne told him He was not for private conference,and bade him fpeake openly ; then the Fellow prefented a Letter to him, faying, It was from the Prince ■ but Maj; G. Browne ( remembring the like trick put upon him before) called for the Guard to apprehend him ; when prefently the Meflenger threw the Letters into the fire, and the Marfhall catching them out halfe burnt, afSrmeth, He faw Charles Prince , written upon them. San&ified eyes may fee through the fpe&acles of their ownefantafie what they pleafe, to accomplish their Defigne,and therefore they have a new prin- ciple or light (which as the 7. May, be added to the aforefaid d.) that though they have no proofs nor evidence againft a man, yet if in their conferences, they thinke him guilty, thty may condeme him upon the teftimonyof their owne conferences; this is to condeme by Revelation foch whofc blond they defire to fuckc* This fuppofed Meflenger from the Prince was feized by the Guard ; Part II. The Biftory oflndeftndency. Guard, but no proceedings againft him heard of ; which argues ic was but a (hare fet to catch the Major. About this time ( to fecond this device ) a Man gallantly clo- thed, and mounted, comes to the Bcare in the Strung gives the Hoftler a Peece,and bids him have a care of his Horfe ; then goes into the City, and(the plot being forelayd) was taken there with Letters fubferibed with the Princes name to divers Citizens, and Members,againft whom they want matter of accufation. I heare no more of this matter yet ; this is a device dormant, to be a- wakened hereafter, if any fhall oppofc the prefent aclings of the Army and their Parliament. Cromwell, Ireton, and Hugh Peters have feverall times made it their errand to go into the City and vifit the Ministers, giving them threatning admonitions, not to Preach any thing againft the Aclings of the tArmy and their Parliament : But Hugh acted his part above them all ; he tooke fome Muskctiers with him to the honfc of Matter Calamy, and knocking at the dore, a Maid asked whom he would /peake with f he told her, with her Mafter ; fhe asked his name ? he replied, Ts/lr.Hugh Peters : the Maid going up the (hires to acquaint her Mafter(who was above-ftaires in Con- ference with fome Divines ) over-heard Peters fay to the Soul- dicrs, The very name of Peters will fright them all : Peters being called up the ftaires, told Mr. Calamy, He Was commanded by the generak to Vrarne him to come before him : Mr. Calamy ( leaving Teters v.nouring and canting Religion and non-fenfe to the reit of theDivj -;.s) dipt downe ftaires and went to the Genei all to know his picture, telling him, He had been fummoned before him by Hugh Peters : the Generall faid, Peters wo* a Kxaz>ct andhad mfuch dir ell ions from him~>. Since this, the Councell of Warre ( finding it difficult to flop the Minifters mouths ) have fundry times debated, How tcjhut up the Churches dores in the City, for Reformation of the (fhurch^ and propagation of the Go/pell : they have impnfoncd Mx. Canton (a worthy Minifter, for praying for King £ HARLES, and threaten to trie him for his life in the Upper Bench ( forfooth ) which all the Lsvves call, the Kings- bench : and upon their new Acts of Par- liament, made by a ninth part of the Member?,thc fmall remnant or Junto of the Houfe of Commons • notwithftandmg,.by The K 2 ' Diretlory ti 6$: Another more -general forgery to endanger whom the Fa- ction pleafe. It will be pro- ved that divers Witneffes have been practiCed and tampered" with againft M'-. Browne, and others. 66. London Mini" fters threatned. See the Mini- sters ofLondons Letter to the Generall, cal- led, [Aferious Reprcfcntation.'] 1648. TheC.oFWar confidcr how to (hut up the Churches dorcs. 08 The Uiflory of Independency. Part II. Diretlory for Publique Worfhip, ( eftablifhed by both Houfes) MeMinifters areenjoyned/0/^_; for the King. It is faid chat Moniicur Paux ( one of the Dutch zAgents here ) hath advifed CiomweH, to fop the Ministers mouthes by hanging up a dozen of them j and vouches a pref dent for it in the Low Countries. 63. fati.g. The Lords fate againeand parted iorne Ordinance?, The Lorc^s fent v\hich they fent downe to the Commons for their concurrence, fcwxie Votes to t0 feej c^e;r pU|fe whether they would vouchfafe to take fo much the Commons j f th^m ? the Commons laid them afide after fome ex- for thai: con- _ - ..rj . cunencc. preffions or diidame. 69. This day Sergeant Dandy, Sergeant at Armes to the Comifll- Sergeant Vaitdy oners for Triall of His Majefty, rode into Weflminfttr-hall wich pioclaimechthe the Mace belonging to the Houfe of Commons upon his (houl- newnfl-0Cohiut der > and fome Officers attending him, all bare, andtf.Trumpe- of Iuftice. °m tors on horsback before him,Guards of Horfe & Foot attending in both the Palace yards, the 6. Trumpetors founded on horfe- back in the middle of the Hall,and the Drums beat in the Palace- yards, after which a Proclamation was read aloud by Mr. King, one of the MefTengers of the faid High Court of Juftice, to this purpofe ; To give notice,that the CommiJJJoners were to Jit to mor+ ro\% and that all thofe that had any thing to fay againfi CHARLES STVAR T King of Engl and might be heard. The like was done in Cheap fide, and at the Old Exchange. 70- This day the remainder of the Houfe voted their Great Seale The Gr; Seale to be broken, in order to the making of a new one, juftly putting voted to be the fame affront upon their owne Seale, which they had former- broken. \y put Upon the King*. Upon thefe occafions lAr.Pryn (it is faid) 7T* published his Memento to the unparliamentary Junto, therein mcmtolhT' telling the Houfe, That being forcibly fecluded from the Houfe by unpatliamen- the Officers of the Armies violence, whereby he could not fj^eake his tary Iunto. mind to them freely in, er as the Houfe of Commons, yet he would •write his thoughts to them as private Terfons onely under a force, confulting in the Houfe without their fellow Members advice or con- currence, about jpeedy^D epofing and Executing King QHARLES their lawful/ Soveraigne, t$ pleafe the General/, Officers, and (founceft of the *Army, (who have ufurped to thcmfelves the Supreme zsfu- tkority both of King and 'Parliament) or rather the Jefuits and Po- pi[b Priefis among thtm* 1. By Part II. ?hc Hittory of Independency compc m cited" and \o adjudged by Parliament in the Earleof Arundeh Cafe, 2 1 Ric. 2. Piac>Coron^n.^6{j. 2. In the Oath of Allegiance (which every man takes before he fits in Parliament) you acknowledge Him to be lawfulland right fall King of this Realme ; and that the "Tope neither of himftlf, nor by any authority of the See o/Rome, or by any other meanes, Vcith any other, hath any PoW'er or Authority to depofe the King, cH\ 3. Your felves amongd other Members, in above one hundred E**& Collett. Remonftrances, Declarations, Petitions, Ordinances, &c. in the ^i*?***'**' name of the Parliament have profeffed, you never intended the ng#^ \A' lea ft hurt, injury, or violence to the Kings Perfon, Cro^ne, Dignity, or 141. i4l. i4^ P after ity • but intended to Him and His P oft er ity more Honour, l7i- 1 80.1 95-. Happinejfe, Glory, and (jreatnejfe than ever any of His Predecejfors ll9- 259.281. enjoyed. That you would make good to the uttcrmofl with your lives \J0* °/ *11' and fortunes the Faith and Allegiance you have alwaies borne to him. a Collect &c That all Contributions, Loanes, fhould be imployed onely to main taint p. 1 $ . 1 8.41.4 * , the Proteftant Religion, the Kings Authority, Perfin,Rojall Dignity, 44« 49- % t»6** L«wes of the Land, Peace of the Kingdome, and Priviledges of Par. 6496.181.181. liament. That the Forces raifed by the Parliament ft 'ere for defence * t Iqa' V"\ efthe Kings Perfon, and of both Houfes, That the Parliament will 62.3.696. %o6. ever have a care to prevent any danger to His Perfon, That they are S07. 879. refelved to expofe their lives and fortunes for maintenance of the Appendix p if- Kings Perfon, Hon our, an I E ft ate, and the Power and Priviledges of parliament, when the King taxed the Houfes for infinuating. That if theyfljould make the high ft prefidents of ether Parliaments Exatf. Collect their patternes ( that is, Depofe the King ) there could be no caufe Pa§- 29s- 69%- to complain of them : Both Houfes by two Declarations protefted 9 -657^5 • againft it, faying, Thai fetch thoughts never entred, nor (honld enter into their Ley all heart s, 4. By the Proteftation, they Declare in theprefence of God to dc- Collet of all fend the King* Perfon and Eftate , and that their Armies under Ef- Or dcis,p. 8 .1 $ . fex and Fairfax were raifed for that pur pofe inter alia. 4'« 45. 44-49* 5. By the Nationall Covenant, thtyvowedto defend the Kings *l?u6J 96' Perfon and Authority in preservation of true Religion and Liberties s^Apocndix: 7° The fliftory rf Indcfendencj. Part It of the Kingdoms, and that thy will all the dales of their lives conti- nue in this Covenant againft all oppojition. 6. You monopolize the Supreme power into your owne hands, robbing both King, Lords, and the reft of your fellow Members thereof, whom you arc content lliould be violently fhut out by your Army, who have leavied Warre againft the Parliament to diflfolveit; till the removall of which force, and refto ring your Members with freedome and fafety,? you ought not to fie or Ad by your Armies owne doctrine in their Remonftrance, Aug. 1 8. and by the Declaration and Ordinance of both Houfes, Aug, 2 c. Atfo3ie of Yorke; at leas! to dif inherit both them and all the Kings Children. 3. To put a period to this Parliament* 4* Tofet up a new Reprefentative of their orene, Which takfs away all Parliaments* 5. To have an Eletlive King, if any, Thefe arc their Honeft intentions for publique good, which muft come in to juftifie their waging warre againft their Matters this Parliament : To name them, is to confute them ; as being appa- rently againft the Lawes of God and the Land, under which they live, and which they are engaged to maintaine ; we (liall produce no other Witnefles to prove this but therafelves, On the 15. of Novemb*\6q]. The Agreement of the People, ( which is lower in demands than thefe which they call, Honeft intentions for pnbliqm gsod) was condemned by the Army, Trie promoting it in the Army 72 The Biftory of Independency . Part II. Army judged mutinom and capita/I 5 Col. Rainsborongh and Ma- jor Scot complained of in the Houfe for appearing in it ; and the Paper it felf adjudged by the Hmfejeftrttttive to Government And the being of Parliaments. The ileond pretence or Principle is, Extraordinary Neceffity for the fame end. To this we fay, i. The Army made the fame plea of neceffity in their Remonltrance, June 23. 1647. uPon quite contrary grounds to what they cxpreffe now, and both to juftifie the fame violent proceedings againft the Parliament, then, when the King was feized upon by a Party of the Army ( without Order from the Houfe) and the Army advanced againft the Parliament. They fay in their Letter to the Houfe, July 8. 1647. There have been fever all Officers of the tArmy upon fever all eccafions fern to his Ma- jefly ; thefirfty to prefent to Him a Copy of the Reprefentations 5 and after that feme others, to tender Him a Copy of the Remonflrance : upen both which, the Officers fent, were appointed to deer the Sence Tuvne back to an£ intentions of any thing in either Paper, whereupon His (J^fajefly rca' 2- ™d^e might make any <£ueftion. There the Army Treated with the ^on the Rem- Kin§» yec now they offer violence to the Parliament for Trca- of the Army, ting with the King. Then in their Remonftrance, 25. fune,i6^7* io.Nw. 1 648. they hy,JVe clearly profeffe,we doe not fee how there can be any peace P-4;5 A7« te this Kingdome firme andlafiing without a due confederation of and provifionfor the Right syqutet, and immunities of Hts Majefties Roy- all Family > and Hu late Partakers : now they judge the majority of the Houfe corrupt for moving one ftep towards a- peace with The Pairliam: t^e King, though He hath now granted more to them then all *3^£the the Armies Propofals then demanded of Him. Thus they make KinTmouldbe this generall />/^ef neceffity ferve to juftifle the considerations ; fole^iudge of which they are put to by making themfelves Judges of thofc publick necefii. things they have no calling to meddle with ; for by what Autho- ty in cafe of rity are they juc|ges 0f publique Necefllty ? Kmi"rn°oiccl. 2- This Principle (Neceffity) is deftrudtive to all Govern- 18. where I fee ment, for as the Generall Officer urgeth neceffity for acting a- downe 6. of gainft the commands and Perfons of his Superiours • and arro- their pria- gates to be Judge of that Necefllty, the Inferiour may urge the clPlcs- fame Necefllty ( in his judgement ) to acl: againft the commands of his Generall. The Souldiers againft their Officers : any other aooott. The Commons have their Au- thority from the Writ of E- le&ioii, though their election fro the people * See the Writ, Qromptotts iu- rifditf; of Courcs, Tit: Parliament. Part II. The Hiftory of Independency. 73 20000. men in this Kingdomc againft this Army, and t'ais Army ( as againft this Parliament ) fo againft any other Reprefentative or Government ; and fo in infinitum, 3. The Commos in Parliament are not accountable for the ufe of their truft to any but the Houfe ; being Truftecs of the People not by Delegation, but by tranflation : all the power of the people being transferred to them for advifing, voting, and af- fenting (according to their judc:mcnts,not according to the judg- ments of thofe that fent them) for othervvife the Pai tics electing, and thofe elected, differing in judgement, one might protefta- gainft what the other had done, andfo make void all Afts of Parliament. But if their Acts were valid or void at the Electors judgements, yet were the Members onely accountable to them that fent them, not to Strangers, and in no cafe to the Army ; who are themfelves but in fubordinate truft to the Parliament for their defence. 4. This violence upon the Members, is not onely contrary to the Armies truft ; but againft their Covenant and Proteftation; the breach whereof being a morallevill cannot be made good by honeft intentions and necefTity. The particulars of the faid Generall Officers Anfwer, upon which this pretended Neceffiry is grounded, are fix: but we muft firft take notice what is faid from the end of the 2. pag. to the end of the 5 .before we enter upon them : the fumme i$,That by the endevors offome old Malignant Members, and by praflifes fi- fed in new Eleclions there came in afloudofnew Burggjfes that ei- ther are Malignant s or Neuters, To this we fay, what is done by the majority is the Act of the whole Houfe j and what is done againft the majority, is done againft the whole Houfe : nor was the Ordinance for New Elections carried on by old Malignants, unlefle the major part of the Houfe were alwaics fuch.and before the new Elections. It is not hard to fhew that many of the Offi- cers of the Army came in upon the laft Elections, and were cho- fen by thofe places where they are fcarce known ,- upon- what in- fluence therefore they came in, let the world judge. And now for the faid 6. particulars objected : of their owne Party, who had the advantage to keep them and chufe their ovvne time to deliver them : and Souldiers (under colour of keeping the peace) became great Sticklers in Elections. L l.Tha In all election* there were two Independents chofen for one of any other principles 5 In- dependents were then Commiflio- ncrs for the Great Scale, and delivered Writs' to men 74 The Hiftery $f Independency. Part II. The Army be- l • The betraying of Ireland into the Enemies hands, by recalling trayed Ireland the Lord Lyfle from his command there, and putting the befl part of by their difo- the fail Kingdome And Mere the Parliament had the ftrongeft feo- bcdience. They ^ (Munfter) into the hands of Inchiquinc a Native Irijh ; who 2s4rmyv;a6 di fp c r fed and erg ged in fever all chaitfters of farts , &c* and many faithfull Members employ edabyoad upon pub- t,ie*- c ot ie' liqne fervices ; and others through Malignant Tumults about this m j]ice j'c felfe C**J* c*uld not rvithfafety attend tfte Houfe. Then the corrupt and cou Id find no- Apoflating Party taking advantage efthefe diftratlions which them- thirg- s.ce my felves had caufed: I 'irfi, recalled va thofe Member •st&c. 7l:enthey i-P«-fc&-4fj recalled thofe Votes for N 'on- Addrefes, and voted a Perfonall Treaty, ^turn to feft; To this we fay, that if the proceedings of the Treaty were far- ,& -t L 2 rcptidoufly 7<5 Return to feet. z. & 5. there fee the true grounds of thefe Tumults. See what ufe they make of providence in the z. part of TLvgUnts new Chaincs. See Mr. Prytis laid Speech in the Houfe, 4,pecembj.6$, more at large. The Hijiory of Independency. Part 1 1. reptitionfly gotten in a thin Houfe, why do they then complain in other parts of their Paper, th.it the majority of the Houfe is corrupt, and formed toferve the Kings corrupt Inter eft f why did they force from the Houfe above 200. Members at once • the Counties ne- ver cxprelTed fo high contempt of the Parliament, untill the like had been firft done by the Armies quartering upon them. And now let us come to that Vote of the Houfe, 5. Dec*i6q%* That the Kings <>s4nfwer to the Propofitions of both Heufes are a ground to proceed upon to a fetlement of Peace : of which they fay, That though they advanced hither to attend providence for opening feme way to avoid the prefent evils defigned, and introduce the defirtd good into the Kingdome, yet they fa'id nor aBed nothing in relation to the Parliament, nor any Member thereof untill by the Vote p. (fed, Decemb .5. they found the corrupt majority fo refolvedly bent to com- pleat their Defigne in bringing in the King, Doe they call their threatning Declaration & Remonftrance a faying nothing ? and their marching up againft the Houfe, contrary to the Order of the Houfe, a doing nothing in relation to the Parliament ? Bur. by thefe words it appeares that this Vote, 5. Decemb. is the very point of that neceflity they now relie upon to juftifie their force upon the Houfe : For, before that parted, they fay, Theyacledno- thing, e^c. we muft now ftate the difference between theHoufes Proportions, and the Kings Anfwers ; and fee whether the King did not grant all thofe Propofitions in which the maine fecurity of the Kingdome refteth. He granted the flrft Propofition/or taking off all Declarations ; as was defired. And the third Propofition/or the CMilitia, as was defired. He aflented to the Propofitisn for Ireland ; limiting the time of the Parliaments dijpojing Officers there to zo.yeares. He confented to fuch A els for publicjue Debts andTublique V- fes, as fljculd be prefented within 2 . yeares3 and incurred within that time* He granted the Proportion concerning ^Peercs, as was de- fired. He granted the Difpofing Offices in England, to the Parliament, for icyeares. He granted the taking away the (fourt of Wards , having icooocl. per Part II. The History of Independency* jj per ann. in lieu thereof to be raifedas the Parliament fhould thinke fit- He granted to Declare agatnft the iMarqueffe a/Ormond's poVcer and proceedings after an Agreement With the Parliament. The onely difference therefore remained upon two Propo- rtions. 1. Delinquents. 2. The £hvrch. For Delinquents, though He doth not grant alJ, His Majefty confented they Shall fubmit to moderate Compofuions, according to fitch proportions as they and the tWo Houfes /hall agree. 2. He difableth them to beare Offices ofPublique Truft, and re- moves then from the Kings, Queensland Princes Court. 3. Forfuchasthe Houfes propounded to proceed capitally a- gainfty He leaves them to a Legall Tryall ; and Declares, He will not interpofe to hinder it : which fatisfies the maine complaint of the Parliament, which was (in the beginning of the Warre) That the King protecled Delinquents from juftice. And all that the Houfe defired in the Propofltions presented to Him at Oxford, Febr* 1642. was, That Hi* Majefty would leave Deliquents to a LegallTryaU and judgement of 'Parliament* But that His Ma- jefty (hould joyne in an Ad for taking away the Lives or Eftates of any that have adhered to Him (He truly profeffeth ) He cannot With juftice and Honour agree thereto. 4. Nor doe we fee how Delinquents ( being left to the Law ) can efcape juftice, the King having granted the 1. proemiail Pro- portioned (fo by a Law) acknowledged the Parliaments Caufe and Warre to be juft. For the Church. The Houfes propound the utter abolifoing of ArchbifhopsJ&fhops^rc* The Sale of their Lands, that Reformation of Religion befctled by Aft of parliament as both Houfes have, or JJM agree* The Kings Anfwer takes away Church- Government be Archbifhops,Bifhops,&c. by taking away their Courts and Officers, and fo farre takes away their power of Ordination that it ciin never be revived againe but by Ad of Parliament ; fo that Epifcopacy is divefted of any actual! being by the Law of the Land, and inftead thereof the Presbyterian GovernmenCfet- ied for three yearcs by a Law 5 which is for fo long a time as the L 3 Houfes. 78 The Hiftory of Independency. Part 1 1. Houfes formerly in their Ordinances prefented to Him at New- cafile did themfelves thinke fie to fettle it: For the Sale of Bi- fhops Lands upon the Publique Faith • Every chewing Saint of the Faction mult we fay? That although the Purchafers have the Publique Fauh exactly kepr, though • hc wd| havc aflfordcd Co havc „iven lie bought the Lands but at z.cr g.yeares juit . °r c , . ^ r Yilucand with fuch monies as he had for- the fame rates for their purchafes meily cheated the State off; when other men ( which they now give) if they might who have loft the beft part of their Eftates by have had them aflured by Aft of Par- and for the Parliament , for compenfatio.i foment for 99. yeares, and fuch mode- w hereof they have the Publique Faith enga- R reCevvt>A a<5 the Kincr jnri gcd by Ordinances, are confumed by Taxes, rate *?nt?. Relied as the King intl- and repayed with reproaches onely. mates in his Anfwer : yet ( in His An- fwer) He expreffeth a farther fatisf acti- on to be given them ; upon which we fhould have infifted, not- withftanding the faid Vote. ^.Decemb. 1648. We farther alleage, That the King having granted the reft of the Proportions, and fo much in thefe 2. De- linquents, and the Church ; the Nationall Covenant doth not oblige us to make Warre upon this point : nothing can make Presbytery ( nor the Purchafers of Bifhops Lands ) more odious, nor endanger them more, than to make them the fole obftacle of peace ; nor could any thing more worke the King to comply with our defires herein, than for us to draw a little neerer Him. The Considerations leading us to pafle the faid Vote, 5. Dec* 1648. come next to be considered : 1. The faving of 'Ireland. 2. The Regaining the Revolted Navy and free dome of the Seat. 3. The fnpport of the Auncient Government of the Kingdome. 4. The putting the people into afecure pojfejfion of their Laws and Liberties, 5. The avoiding fuch evill confeqnences as were apparently to fol- low a 'Breach with the King, Returneto As 1 . the Depofing the King, if not the depriving Hirn^f feet. 71. Hfe . whereupon flouds of mifery will follow, and fcandall to to the Proteftant Religion, which we f from our hearts ) deteft and abhorre : fee the many Declarations of Parliament againft it. 2. The neceflitating of the Prince to caft himfelfe into the Armcs of forreigne Popifh Princes, and embrace Popifh Allyan- ces tor his fuccour. 3.h Part II. The Hipry of Independency. y9 3. It may beget a change of Government, and a laying afide of Monarchy here : and fo a Breach with Scotland^nd this^King- dome ("being the more rich) likely to be the Seate of the Warre. 4. The vaft Debts of this Kingdome upon the Publique Faith, will never be paid in Warre, but increafed and multiplied : mul- titudes of Sufferers by, and for the Parliament like to be repayed onely with new fufferings, and every years Warre deftroies more Families, and makes more Malignants through difcontenting preflures: uutill at laft the Souldier feeing no hope of pay, the People no hope of peace andeafe, fall together into a generall and defperatetumultuoufnetfe • the power of the Sword appa- rently threatning a diffolution of Government both in Church and Common-wealth. To that fcandalous Objection, which faith, The corrupt majori- ty will not lend an eare to admit a thought towards the laying doWne their owne power, or rendring it back to the people from whom they received it. We fay, this Obje&ion is unreafonable from men who endeavour to perpetuate an Army upon the Kingdome : nor is the continuance of this Parliament fingly objected, but that they will not render it back to the People, fc&s To a new Reprefentative, invented and made by the Army, that is, We will not render our power into the hands of the Army, Another Objection is, That whatfoever the King granted, He might plead Force to breaks it, andjpoyle us bj policy. This Objecti- on might have been made againlt all our Treaties : If there be a- ny Force, it is from the Army , for fpoyling us by policy 0 The Kings of this Land could never encroach upon our good Lawes, but by corrupt Judges and Minifters, who though they could not abrogate the Law, made it fpeake againft it felfe, and the inten- ded good of the People ; or elfe by the power of Courtiers,ftop- ping the courfc of juftice at the Councell Table ; and in other Arbitrary Courts: both which are taken away by the Kings Conceflions. 1. That the 2(omination of fudges and Officers be in thenar* liament. -. That the King make no neV? Parliament Lords for the future to Vote there. Another Objection is, That they hadintelligence7 that had they kum 8o The Hiftory oflndqendency. Part 1 1. For this you been fit ffered to meet all in the Houfe once more, it was defigned t& mnft take the have pa ffed feme higher refolutionsj te lay farther foundations of a faIt{? °£ the new quarrelly fiastc carry therein the name and countenance of Par- Peninan^who iiamentarJ Authority together with the Kings, upon an acceptable had this fas wel pretence of Peace, te draw men in, and then to have adjourned the as many other Parliament for a long tmejxcludirg all remedy in this cafe but by a- gvoffe Lies) by nother War. To this we fay, the Houfe immediatly upon palling Revelation. the Vote, <$.Decemb. Sent a Committee to the Generall to con- had t^eKIn* fcrre with him an(i his 0fficers> and keeP a good correfponden- in their power, cy with them : To which, the Generall promifed his readineffe.; and had the howfoever it was hindred afterwards. And then they feized up- Parliamem ad- on one of the Commiflioners appointed to Treat ,affronted ano- JolernCdj thf ther' anc* ^ no way ^rce ^or a Conference, which fhewes they theCKinad.0had were ref°lved fo doe wnat tney nad defigned. been left°in the The laft Ob j.is37 'hat thofe Members that are yet detained in Cu- Army ; which ftodyyare either fitch 06 have been formerly Impeached, and (in part) is a thing ay- judged by the Houfe for Treafon, and other Crimes, and never ac- them^ ^ quitted t and againfi whom they can, and very fiortly mil produce new matter of no lejfe crime ; or elfe fitch who have appeared mofl aclive and united in (founeds with them ; againfi whom alfo they are pre- paring, and fhall Jhortly give matter of particular Impeachment. To this we fay, that when it appeares what thofe crimes are, and what perfons are charged with them, we doubt not but they will fufficiently acquit themfelves, if things may be Legally carried in a judicial! way by competent Judges not preingaged. In the meane time we conclude, That Souldiers, whofe advantages arife by Warre, are not fit to judge of the Peace of the Nation. 74- The 19.^.1648. Mr. Pryn, and hit. Walker, (two of the fe- A Declaration cured Members) pubiifhed in print their Declaration and Prote- andMr^r ^ation» againft tnc Actings and proceedings of the Army and their Faction now remaining in the Houfe of Commons : as followeth : f** Part II. Ibc Hiftory of Indefendemf. $ i % K^i Declaration and V ret eft at ton of Will: Pryn, and Clem; Walker, £ [quires ; Members of the Houfe of Commons : Againfl the prefent Atlings and Proceedings of the Gene" all, And Generall CounceO. of the p. 64.) there can be no peace j which the Array interrupted by obtruding upon the Commons t treafonable Remonftrance, 2o.Novemb. 1 648. tending to deftroy the King, and His Pofterity, and wholly to fubvert all Parliaments, Religion, Lawes, and Liberties for ever ; whereby the Commons in Parliament found it abfolutely necek- fary to prevent fuch pernicious innovations, by concluding a fafe peace with His Majefty ; whereupon ( after mature debate ) the Houfe of Commons the $.Decewl.i6^2. Voted, That the Kings Anfwer to the 'Propofitions of both Houfes upon the Treaty, Vcere a ground for the Houfes to proceed to the fethment of a fafe and vp en- grounded Peace : Upon which, the General I, and Councell of Warre, Wednefday morning, 6. December,\6^S. Seized and Im- prifoned 41 of the Members going to the Houfe of Commons to doe their Duty, fecluded above 160. other Members, befides 40. or 50. Members who voluntarily withdrew themfelves to avoid their violence ; leaving onely their owne engaged party of 40. or 50.Members fitting, who now pafle Ads of Parliament of the Houfe of Commons (as they call them) without the Lords ; and comply with the faid Councell ofWarre, to carry on the faid Remonftrance ; To which purpofe this prefent remnant of the M Commons 82 The Hiftory of Independency. Part II. Commons have unvoted in a thin Houfe, under the force of the Army, what was deliberately Voted in a full and free Houfe; whereas by their owne Ordinance pafled upon the Tumult of Apprentices, 20. AHgt9ft9i64j. to null, and make void ub initio^ ail Acls, Orders, Votes, &c. pafled under the faid force : This remaining Party ought not to fit,att,nor take upon them the ftyle of a Houfe, under fo vifible, actuall, and horrid a Force. The premifes confidered, We, whofe names are hereunto fub- fcribed. Members of the Houfe of. Commons, doe declare and proteft, That the faid General!, Cbmmiflioned Officers,and Ge- nerailCouncell of the Army, by the faid act of violence, upon the major part of the Houfe, which legally and virtually is the whole Houfe, have waged Warre, and Rebelled againft the Par- liament their Matters, who raifed them to defend the Priviledges of Parliament, and the Kings Perfon and Authority,in defence of Religion, Lawes, and Liberties, and have thereby forfeited their Commiflions, and have broken and dif- continued this Parlia- ment ; fo that3untill this force be removed,puni(hed, the Honour of the Parliament and their wronged Members vindicated, and all the Members rcfummoned,ail the Votes,Orders,and Actings, Pafled, and to be Pafled by this nominall Houfe of Commons, are, and will be void, ab initio, and all fuch as doe, or ihall obey them, are and will be puniQiable, both by the Armies owne judg- ment in their Remonftrance, Atiguft 18. and by the Houfes De- claration, and the faid Ordinance, 2o.^#j*/?,i647. We doe farther declare and proteft againft this prefent Houfe of Commons illegal! Acts, Order, or Ordinance, for erecting a High Court of Juftice, and ufurping a power without any Law or prefident, to Trie, Depofe, and bring to capitall punifhment the King, and to Disinherit His Pofterity, or any of them, and againfl: the faid Generall Councell of Officers, aiding and a- betting them therein, as highly impious againft the Law of God, Nations,and the Proteftant Profeffion, Traytors againft the Stat. of Treafons, 25 Edw. 3. and againft all Lawes and our Statutes- perjurious and peifidious, 3gainft the Oaths of Allegiance, Su- premacy, Nationail Covenant, and Proteftation ; all the Parlia- ments Declarations and Remonftrances held forth to the world • their Treaties and promifes made to the Scots when they deli- vered Part II. The Hijttry of Independency, g* vered the Kings Ferfon into our hands ; againft our proraifes made to the Hollanders, and other Nations, and againitall the Profefilons, Declarations, Rcmonftranees, and Propofalls made by this Army, when they made their Addreffes to the King ac T^jty. market Hampton- fart, and other places. January 19 William Try v. 1 648. Clem: Walker. About this time the Generall Councell of Officers at white- 7fr Hall, ordered, That two Petitions ( or mandates rather) Should be offic^ordef draWn, andprefentedto their Houfe of Commons ; One againfl Pay- 2tpetir; fc/^ ment ofTythes ; the other, for Repealing the Atl for Banifhment of Com; Houfe, the f ewes. Here you fee they make hands with the Jewes, and i-againft Ty;hs# crucific Chrift in his Minifters, as well as in his Anointed, the l' ;1Sainft Bthe. v- f Stat, for Bam- AU1&* fliin* the lews. About this time Col: Tichbnrne* and fome fchifmaticall Com- mon-Counceli-men, presented a Petition to the fupreme Autho- Col. tkhburm rity the Commons in Parliament, demanding juftico agAtnft all Pet.-aad Com- grand And eapitall Aclors in the late Warres againfl the parliament Ptainc ag-iinft from the higheft to the lowefl : the Militia, T^vy, and all? laces of ^Uhd^K'- fower to he in fait hf fill hands, (that is, in their Ovvne Fadion ; dcrs thereupon" all others being difplaced under the general! notion of Difaffc- The like Pcti- cled) to fettle the Votes, {That the fupreme Authority is in the Com- ti°as were in- mons in Parliament ajfembled,) They complained, That the Lord vi^ J[lom CMayor and fome ^Aldermen denied to put their 'Petition to the ^ vvhc°Un" ffhteftion at the Common Councell, and departed the Court, with the dozen Schif- Sergeant and Town-Clcrke, That the Court afterwards faffed it maticks & two Nemine contradicente. * The Commons thanked the Petitioners or thrcc Cloaks (for the tender of their affiftance) and Ordered, That the Petition JJ^SjJ^ jhould he entered amongst the which parted in the: Negative: fo the Lords were not owned. Afterwards they ordered, that the Commoners (Commijfwnersfor the Great Seale) fbould i^ue forth Writs without the Lords, 20. January, Lieut. Generail Hammond,w\th many Officers of the Army, prefented to the Commons from the Generail and Councell of the Army, a thing like a Petition, with The Agree- ment of the People, annexed. Mr. Speaker thanking them, deiired- them to returne the hearty thanks of the Houfe to the Generail and all his Army for their gallant fer vices to the T^ation ; and de fired the Tetitien and Agreement [hould be forthwith printed, to fhew the good affetlion between the Parliament and Army, I cannot blame them to brag of this affecTion,being the beft ftring to their bowe. About this time fome wel-meaning man (that durft think truth in private ) published his thoughts under the* Title of \_Six ferious Jjhstcries, concerning the Kings Triall jby the High Court of^uflicef\ 1. Whether a King of three diftincl Kingdoms can be condem- ned and executed by one Kingdom alone, without the concurrent confent, or agamft the judgement of the other two ? 2.Whether tfthcKimg be indicted or arraignd of high TreafonyhQ ought not to be tried by his Peers?& whether thofe who are now nominated to trie him. or any others in the Kingd-. be his Peers .* 3, Whether if the King be triable in any Court, for any Trea- fon againft the Kingdome, He ought not to be tried onely in full Part II. The Hfjlory cflndepndtncy. 85 Parliament, in the moft folemne and publique manner, before all the Members of both Houfes, in as honourable a way,as Strafford waSjin the beginning of this Parliament ? And whether He ought not to have liberty and time to make His full defence, and the benefit of his learned Councell, in all matters of Law, that may arife, in, or about his Triall* or in demurring to the jurifdiction of this illegall new Court, as Strafford and Canterbury had ? 4. Whether one eight part only of the Members of the Com- mons Houfe,mceting in the Houfe, under the Armies force,when all the reft of the Members are forcibly i eftrained, fecluded, or feared away by the Armies violence, and reprefenting not above one eight part of the Counties,Cities,and Boroughs of the King- dome, without the confent and againft the Vote of the majority of the Members, excluded and chafed away, and of the Houfe of Peeres, by any pretext of Authority, Law, or Jufticc, can erect a New great Court of Juftice to Trie the King, in whom all the reft of the Members, Peeres and Kingdome ( being far the major part ) have a greater intereft then they ? Whether fuch an High Court can be erected without an Ad of Parhor at leaft an Ordin: of both Houfes, and a CommifHon under the Great Seal of Eng- Und ? And if not, whether this can be properly called a Court of Juftice ? and whether it be fuperiour or inferiour to thofe who erected it ? who cither cannot or dare nor trie and condemn the King in the Conr.Houfe ; though they now ftyle it, The Supremt Authority of the Kingdom: and whether all who fhal fit as Judges, or act as Officers in it, towards the Depofing or taking away the Kings life, be not really guilty of High Treafon, and all thofe who were aiding or aflenting to the erection thereof in fuch an irregular manner, by the Lawes and Statutes of this Realme ? 5. Whether thofe who are profefled Enemies to the King, and by their Remonftrances, Speeches, and actionssprofefTe they de- fire his bloud and feek his life, can eicher in Law or Goflfcknce be reputed competent Judges to trie him for his life ? It being a juft exception to any Jury- man, who is to trie the bafeft or pooreft Felon, and a legal! chailence for which he mu.it be withdrawne ; that he is a profefled Enemy and ProfeciKor who feeks his lifr^ and therefore no lawfull nor indifferent Trier of him for it. 6. Whether the triall and taking away of the Kings life by fuch an illegall and arbitrary High Court of Juftice, as this, will %6 The Htftory oftnde^cndtncy. Part II. not prove a moft dangerous inlet, to the abfoluteft tyranny and bioudieft butchery ever yet heard of, orpraciifedinthis, or any other Nation ? and a ready way to teach us, how to chop off one anothers heads, tillwearealldtftroycd ? For if they may take away the Kings head in it without, and againft alt rules of Law : then by the fame or ftronger reafon, they may in like manner chop off the heads of any Nobleman, Peere, Member,Gentleman, or inferiour Subject for any imaginary treafon or offence, and eonhTcate their Eftates; there being no afTurance they will flop The Anfwcr of at tne Kings : And if thofe who are confeffed to be the majority cC ° Tl" o^ of the Com :Houre>& c hereiC°re excluded, or the Prince of Wales Officers, toil- next Hcir t0 the Crown,or the Malignant party,or any otherFa- ching the fecu- clion whatfoever which may arife, tfiouldat any time hereafter red and feclu- get the upper hand by the Peoples generall adhering to them, or ded Members, any Jivifions of the Army, or by any meanes Gods providence f&n.i. 164 . (]10Uicj adminilter ( who hath thoufands of wayes to pull downe the proudeft Tyrants, and diflipate the ftrongeft Armies in a mo* menr, as he did SenacbAribs, the Midianites, theMoabites, and Ammonites, with fundry others recorded in facred Writ, and prophane Stories, and the Scots Army but few months fince ) they may by like authority and prefident ereel the like new Court, to cut off the heads of all the Members now fitting, and of the prefer t Generall Councell of the Army, and all the Com- miflloners acting in this new Court ; and fofall 2 murthering and butchering one another, till we were all deftroyed one by another, and made a fpeclacle of moft unnaturall tyranny and cruelty to the whole world, Angels, and Men, and a prey to our common Enemies. Upon which confideration, let every man now ferioufly lay bis hand upon his owne breaft, and fadly con- (idcr, what the bloudy tragicall iffue of this new Pbaleru Bull, may prove to him or his ; and whether every Free-borne Eng- lifh-man (efpecially of Nobleft birth, and ampleft Eltate ) be not deeply obliged in point of prudence and conference to ufe his utmoft endeavour with hazard of life and eftate, to prevent the erection of fuch an exorbitant and illeg3ll Authority, in the very rife and foundation, ere it be over- late ; and not patiently fuffer a rafh inconfiderate number of Hotfpurs ( of meane condition and broken defperatc fortunes for the moil part) out of private malice, Part II. 7#' History oflndcpendetxy. ij malice, feare, or defignes to fecure and enrich themfclves by the mines of others of better fortunes and quality ; to (el up fuch a new iTiambles to butcher and quarter the King, Nobles, Parlia- ment-men, Gentlemen, and perfons of all conditions, as was ne- ver heard of among Pagans or Chriftians, from the Creation to this prefenr,and will no way fuite with our Englifh foile, already overmuch watred with Englifh bloud ; and fo deeply ingaged a- gainft all arbitrary and tyfannicall ufurpations and proceedings (efpecially capital!) in any hands whatfoever, which have coil us fo much bloud and treafure,to oppofe and fight againft for feven yearcsJaftpait. Saturday, Jan, 10. 1 648. The new thing cailed The High £W* 80. •ffaftice fate ; Bradfhaw being President, who had the Mace and The firft daies Sword carried before him, and 20. Gentlemen ( forfooth ) with Triall of his Partifans for his Guard, under the command of Colonel Fox the Ma>e%- Tinker. An Oyes being made, znd filence commanded : thefaid A&oftheComraonsfor erecting the faid Court was read, and the Court called, there being about 70. of the Commillioners prefent. Then the King was brought to the Bar by CoU Hacker with Halberdeers, the Mace of the Court conducting Him to his Chaire within the Barre, where he fate. And then Vrdt. Brad/haw faid to the King, Charles Stuart King of England, The Commons of Engl and ajfembled in Parliament being fenfible of the great cala- mities brought upon this Nation, and of the innocent blond ft cd( which we referred to you as the Author of it) according to tfxzt duty rrhich Prove thh they owe to God, the Nation, and themf elves, and according to that power & rcufti po^cr and fundamental trusi re poped in them by the People ; have The whole conflicted thu High (fourt of J* ft ice, before which you are now ap&yA?n \ brought, and you are to he are your Charge upon which the Court rvill So" doe all out proceed. ] aw- Books, &. Solicitor Cooke- My Lord, inbehdlfe of the Commons of 'Erg- rIie p notice of land, and of all the Teople thereof I doe accufe Charles Stuart here ali A^es* prefent of High Treafon and mifdemeanours, and I doe in the name of the Commons, of 'England defire the Charge may be read unto him, The King. Hold a little. Prefidcnt. Sir. the Court commandj the Charge to be read-, after- wards you may be heard, The Charge was read, as followeth : f Tb* The Charge read. 8 S ^** Hijlory of Independency. P art II. ff The Charge againft King Charles the Firjiy January 20. 1648. T4at the faid Char le s Stuart, being admitted King of England^ and therein truired with a limited Power, to Go- vern by, and according to the Lawes of the Land, and not other- wife : And by his Truft,Oath, and Office, being obliged to ufe the power committed to him,For the good und benefit sf 'the people \ and for the prefervation of their Rights and Liberties ; yet ne- verthelefle. out of a wicked Defign, to erect and uphold in himfelf an unlimited and tyrannicall power, to rule according to his Veil?) and to overthrow the Rights and Liberties of the People ; Yea, to take away, and make void the foundations thereof, and of all redreflc and remedy of mif-govcrnment,which by the fundamen- tal Confutations of this Kingdome.were referved on the peoples behalf, in the right and power of frequent and fuccefiive Parlia- ments, or National 1 meetings in Councell ; He, the faid Charles Stuart, for accomplifhment of fuch his Defignes, and for the pro- tecting of himfelfe and his Adherents, in his and their wicked Pratlifis to the fame Ends, hath trayteroufly and malitioufly le- vied War re againft the prcfent Parliament, and the People there- in Reprefented. Particularly, upon or about the thirtieth day of fane, in the yeare of our Lord, one thoufand fix hundred forty and two, at Beverly, in the County of Torke : and upon,or about the thirtieth day of July, in the yeare aforefaid, in tie County of the City of Torke : and upon, or about the twenty fourth day of^Augnfi, in the fame yeare, at the County of the Towne of Nottingham (when,and where he fet up his Standard of Warre : ) and alfo on, or about the twenty third day of October, in the fame yeare, at Edgehilly and Keinton- field, in the County of fVarwicke : and up- on, or about the thirtieth day of November, in the fame yeare, at Brainceford, in the County of Middle {ex : and upon,or about the thirtieth day of Angnft, in the yeare of our Lord, one thoufand fix hundred fourty and three, at Cave [ham-bridge , neer Reading, in the County of Berks: and upon, or about the thirtieth day of October, in the yeare lalt mentioned, at, or neer the City of Glou- cefier : Part II. The Hi fiery of Independency. gp cefter : And upon, or about the thirtieth day of Ncvtmbtr, in the year laft: mentioned, at Newbury, in the County of Btrkj : And upon, or about the one and thirtieth day of July, in the year of our Lord, one thoufand fix hundred forty and four, at Cropredy- bridge, in the County of Oxon : And upon, or about the thir- tieth day of September, in the year lad: mentioned, at Modmix>ZQ& other places neer adjacent, in the County of Cornwall : And up- on, or about the thirtieth day of November ,in the year laft men- tioned, at 2{e\vhurj aforefaid : And upon, or about the eighth day of June, in the yeare of our Lord, one thoufand fix hundred forty and five, at theTowne of Leicefter : And aifo, upon the fourteenth day of the fame moneth, in the fame year, at Nafehj- field}n the County of Northampton. At which feverall times and places, or mod of them, and at rruny other places in this Land, at feverall other times, within the years aforementioned : And in the yeare of our Lord, one thoufand fix hundred forty and fix, He the faid Charles Stuart, hath caufed and procured many thoufandsofthe free- people of the Nation to befliine; and by Divifions, Parties, and Infurre&ions, within this Land, byin- vafions from forraigne parts, endeavoured and procured by Him, and by many other evill waies and meanes. He the faid Charles Stuart, hath not only maintained and carried on the faid Warre, both by Land and Sea, during the years before mentioned ; but alfo hath renewed, or caufed to be renewed, the faid Warre a- gainftthe Parliament, and good people of this Nation, in this prefent yeare, one thoufand fix hundred forty and eight, in the Counties of Kent, Effcx, Surrey, Sujfex,cMidltefex, and many other Counties and places in England ar.d Wales, and alfo by Sea; And particularly, He the faid Charles Stuart, hath for that pur- pofc, given Commiflion* to his Sonne, the Prince, and others ; whereby, befides multitudes of other Perfons,many fuch,as were by the Parliament intruded and employed, for the fafety of the Nation ; being by Him or His Agents, corrupted ; to the betray- ing of their Trull, and revolting from the Parliament, have had entertainment and commiffion, for the continuing and renew- ing of Warre and Hoftility, againft the faid Parliament and People, as aforefaid. By which cruell and unnaturall Warres bv Him, the laid Charles Stuart, levyed, continued, and renewed, at N afore* ^o The Hiftory dflndcftndtnc). Part IL aforefaid, much Innocent bioudofthe Free- people of this Na- tion hath been fpilt ; many Families have been undone, the Pub- liquc Treafury wafted and exhaufted, Trade obftru&ed, and mi- ferably decayed -, vaft expence and daraage to the Nation incur- red,and many parts of the Land fpoyled, fome of them even to defolation. And for further profecution of His faid evill Defignes, He, the faid Charles Stuart, doth ftill continue his Commifiions to the faid Prince, and other Rebels and Revolters, both Englifh and Foreigners ; and to the Ezrlc of Ormond, and to the Iri{h Re- bels and Revolters, aflbciated with him ; from whom further Jnvafions upon this Land are threatned, upon the procurement, and on the behalf of the faid Charles Stuart. All which wicked Defignes, Warres,and evill pra&ifes of Him. the faid Sharks Stuart, have been, and are carried on, for the ad- vancing and upholding of the Perfonall Intereft of Will and Power, and pretended Prerogative to Himfelf and his Family, a- gainft the publique Intereft, Common Right, Liberty, Juftice,and Peace of the People of this Nation, by, and for whom He was entrufted, as aforefaid. By all which it appeareth, that He, the faid fbarles Stuart hath been, and is the Occafioner, Author, and Contriver of the faid unnaturall, cruell, and bloudy Warres, and therein guilty of all the treafons, murthers, rapines, burnings, fpoiles, defolations, damage and mifchiefe to this Nation, acted or committed in the faid Warres, or occasioned thereby. And the faid John C60fy> DV Proteftation ( faving on the behalf of the People of England, the liberty of Exhibiting at any time hereafter, any other Charge againft the faid (Charles Stuart ; and alfo of replying to the Anfwers which the faid Charles Stuarj (hall make to the preraifes, or any of them, or any other Charge that (hall be fo exhibited) doth for the faid treafons & crimes,on the behalfc of the faid People of England, Impeach the faid Charles Stuart, as a Tyrant, Traytor, Murtherer, and a publique and implacable Enemy to the Common- wealth of England'. And fny^hitthchidCharles Stuart, King of England, may be pat to aniiver all and every the premifes, That iuch proceeding*, ex- aminations, Tryals, Sentence, and Judgement may be thereupon had, or (hall be agreeable to Juftice. Part II. Tie Hittory $f Independency. 9 r The King fmiled often during the reading of the Charge, efpe- cially at thefe words, Tyrant, Tray tour, Murderer, and pub I iq hc Sncmy of the Common- Wealth. Prtfident. Sir, you have now heard jour (fharge, you find that in the clofe of it, it is prayed to the (fourt in the beh.dfe of the Com- mons of England that yon anfwer to yxmr Charge, which the Court expetls. King. I would know by what power I am called hither f I Was not long agoe in the lfle of Wight ; hoVv I came there is a longer fiory than I thinkeft at this time for Me to jpeake : But there I entered into a Treaty with both Houfes of parliament with as much faith as is p&(fible to be hadof any^Teople in the world; I Treated there with a number of Honourable Lords and Gentlemen, and treated ho- nefily and uprightly, I cannot fay but they did very nobly with Me ; We were upon a Cone lufion of the Treaty* Now I would know by what lawfull ^.Authority (there are many unlawfull Authorities,, Thieves and Robbers on the High-way ) 1 was brought frorru, thence and carried from place to place ?- (and I know not what) and when I know by what lawfull Authority ', I [hall Anfwer. Remember I am you j. King, your lawfull King, and what finnes you bring upon your owne beads, and the judgment of God upon this Land, thinkwell upon it, thinke well upon it lf&j before you go on from one finne to A greater ; therefore let Me knoW by what laWfull Authority I anu feated here ? and I fhaU not be unwilling to Anfwcr. In the meant time I [hall not betray My trufl : I have a trufl committed to ^Me by God by old and lawfull difcent ; I will not betray it to Anfwer to a new unlawfull Authority, Bradfhaw Pref. If you had been pleafed to have obferved what Was hinted to you by the (fourt apyotdrfirft coming hither, you would have knowne by what Authority : which Authority requires you in the name of the People of England, of whom you are Elected Km G, to anfwer them--. King. I deny that. Bradfh: If you acknowledge not the Authority of the Court, they muft proceed. King. I doe tell them fo, England was never an EleBive King- dome, but an Htreditary Kingdom e, for neer thife thoufandyeares : Therefore let {Me know by what latofull ^Authority I am called 2^ 2 hither f $% The Htftorj ef Independency. Part II. hither ; I doe (land more for the Liberty of Mj People then any here that come to be My pretended Judges : and therfore let Me know by what lawfull Authority and I will Anfwcr, Other wife I Will not Anfwer. Br a ill. Sir, How really y oh have managed your truft is known ; your way of An fwer is to interrogate the Court, -nhich befe ernes not you in this condition ; you have been told of it twice or thrice. Kin?. Here is Lieut. Colonell Cobber, aske himy if he did r.ct bring Me from the Iflc o/Wight by force f I doe -not come here a* fubmitting to the (fourt ; / willftand at much for the Priviledge of the Houfe offfommons, rightly underftood, as any man here whatfe- ever ♦, I fee no Houfe of Lords here that may conftitute a Parlia- ment, and (the King too) Jhould have been. Is this the bringing the King to His Parliament ? Is this the bringing an end to the trea- ty on the publique Faith ? Let Ale fee a Law full ^Authority War- ranted by the WordofCjod, the Scriptures, or by the Conflitutions of the Kingdome. I will not betray My Trufi, nor the Liberties of the People ; I amfworne to keep the Peace by that duty I owe to God,md My Country j and I will doe it to the I aft breath in My body. As it is aftnne to withftand Lawfull "Authority, Jo it is tofubmit to a Ty* rannicallt or any otherwife unlawfull Authority • Briuiih. Bradfh. The Ccurt expetls your finall Anfwer, and Will adjourns till Munday next ; we are fatis fed with our Authority that are pur fudges, and it is npen Gods Authority, and the K'mgdomes ; and that peace yeu fp.ike of will be kept in doing fuftice, and that's our Note prefent Work. So the Court Adjourned, and the King was con* dueled back; They had fo contrived it, that diverfe Schifmati- call Souldiers, and Fellowes were placed round about the Court, to cry fuftice, fuftice, when the King was remanded, thinking all the reft of the People would have bleated to the Tame tune ; but they (almoft all,) cryed Godblejfe Him, and were (fome of themj well cudgelled by the Souldiers for not faying their prayers handfomely after the mode of the Army; one barba- rous Souldier (k is confidently reported) fpat in the Kings Face Whether this a$ hebau'ed for fuftice : The King only faying, My Saviour fuffc- J"C ^r after- re^ mBr*for ^j/^wiped it off with His Handkerchief ; yet the wards I know Court took no notice of this Affront, fo farre was HisMajefty not. - already fore- judged and condemned to Sufferings. Munday Part II. The Hiftery of Independency. $$ Munday, January 22. The King was brought again to His $r Trvall. The fecond Solicitour Cook. UMay it pleafe your Lordjhip, I did at the lafl dayes Tryall of Court in behalf of the Commons of England, exhibite, and give in Hls Majefty. to this Court a Charge of High Treafon, and other High Crimes avainfl the Prisoner at the Bar : Whereof I do accufe him in the name of the People s Charge exhibited againfl Tou ; they expetl you fhould either confefe or deny. If you do deny it it offered in the behalf of the King- dome to be made good againfl Ton, Their Authority they doe avow to witho the Whole world, that the whole Kingdome are to reft fatisfied there- Law, Preii- in, and Tou are to reft fatisfied in it ; and therefore Tot* are U give a dent, rarion.ill. Pofitive Anfwer. debate, or Ar- King. When I wot here lafl, its true, I made that QuelVon ; and Snmems ™& . ./• • , I ■ t r r '777 r ■ r 1 Fl'ove " : Oh truly, tf it were onely my own particular cafe, I would have fattsfud bcutifli TvTao? Myfelfe with the Proteflation I made here the lafl time, againfl the nv ! 2^ 3 Legality 94 The Hiftory of Independency. Part II. Legality of this Court, and that a King cannot be Tryed by any Sh» periourju^tfdict ion upon Earth: but it is not Ady cafe alone, it is the Freedome, ana the Liberties of the People of England, and {doe you pretend what yvu will) I ft and more for their Liberties ; for if 'Tower without Law may make Lawes, nay \ alter the Fundamental! Lawes of the Kingdome,! doe not know what Subject he. a in Eng- land that can be fare of his Lifey or any thing that he calls his owne. There for e,^hen I came hither, I did expeti particular Reafons to know by what L.j-rv, what Authority, yon proceed, again ft Me here t and therefore I am a little to feek what to fay to you in this Particu- lar, becaufe the Affirmative is to be proved, the Negative {often ) is very hard to doe. I [hall tell you my Reafons as ft or t as lean* All proceedings Againft any man \bhatfoever - Bradfh. Sir,Imuft interrupt You ; what Ton dot u not agree - - Ife. able to the proceedings of any Court ofj-uftice : You are about to en- ter into Argument and Dtjpute concerning the (Authority of this Court, before whom You appear as a Trifoner, and are Charged as a High Delinquent ; You may not Difpute the Authority of this Courts nor will any Court give way unto it, You are to fnbmit t» it) &c. King. Vnder favour, I doe Plead for the Liberty of the People ef 'England more then you do ; and therefore, if 1 Jhould impofe a be- letfe upon any tJAian without Reafons given , it were uureafon* able' Oh Brutilli A- Bradfh. Sir Imuft interrupt Y&upfeti may not be permitted, You finine King- fpeak^of Law and Reafon, and there is both againft Yqu„ Sir, The dome, to be fate of the Commons of England Affemttedin Parliament, is the Governed bya rMfin oftke King dome, and they are thofe that have given You that thorny without ^urv^ ^cording te which you (hould have Ruled and Raigned : Sirt ufe of Reafon. It Veill be taken notice of, that you ft and in contempt of the Cotirt> and YorSt contempt will be recorded accordingly. King. / doe not know how a King can be a Delinquent, but by all Lawes that ever 1 heard, all men may put in Demurrers againft any proceedings as Illegall : and I doe demand that, if you deny that, you deny Keafin, Over-rule a Bradfh. Sir,?feither You3nor any Man are permitted to Dilute Demurrer ■■««■*. c ^ ^ without Argument : Tf n man may not Demurrc to the Turiidiction otany Court, that Court may enlarge its bounds, and become a Corporation of Tyrants- that Part II. The Hiflory of Independency, pj tkzt Toint, Tou are -concluded \ Tou may not demurre to the furif- ditlion of the Court, if Ton doe, Imufl let Tot* knorv, that they over- rule Tour demurrer, they fit here try the Authority ofihe Com- mons o/Errgland ; and aUTour Predeceffours andTou, are rejponji- ble to them. King. I deny that,fhew Me me Trefident. Bradfh. Sir, Tou ought not to inter rupe while the Court i* fpeakz tng to you : thi* point u not to be debated by you, ifjou offer it by w*y of Demurrer, to the furifdiclion of the Court, they have conjtde- red of their Jurtfdiclion, they doe-affrme their owne furifdiclion* King. I fay Sir, by your favour, That the (fommom of 'England were never a Court of Judicature, I would know how they came to befo ? Bradfh: Sir, you are not to be permitted to go on in that Speech^ and thefe difcourfes. Then the Gierke of the Court read, as followeth : Charles Stuart, King of England, you have been accufed in the behalf e of 'the People of 'England, of High Treafon, and other high Crimes, the Court hath determined that you ought to anfwer the fame f Kin?. I will *s4nfwer the fame fi foone at I know by what Autho- rity you doe thi* ? Bradfh: If this be all that you will fay, then Gentlemen, you that brought the 'Prifoner hither, take charge of Him backjigain. King. I doe require that I may give dMy Reafons why I did not Anfwer, And give Me time for that. Bradfh: Sir, 'Tu^xotfor Prifoners to require. King. Prifoners ! Sir, I am noK. an ordinary Prifintr. Bradfh: The Court have affirmed their fwrifdicliov, if Ton will not Anfwer, W 'e fi all give order to Record your default* King. Tou never heard My Reafons yet. Bradfh: Sir, Tour Reafons are not be heard *g*i*fl the highest ^urtfddBitn. R - King. Shew UWe that furifdettsan where Reafm it -not to be not to be heard beard? aginft are- Bradfla: Sir, wt fhew it you here, the Commons of England .and maining h&i- the next timeyou are brought Tou will know more af the pkafure{ pf J? of the C**rt, **d.it **y bje, tburfixalt Determination King. EnglanJL p6 The Hi fiery of Independency. Part IL King. Shew Me where ever the Houfi of Commons was a Court of Judicature of that kind* l>rad lli: Sergeant, take away the Prifoner. King. IVeRSir, 'Remember that the King is not fuffered to give in His Re a fins ,f or the liberty and free dome of all His Subjetls. Brad Hi: Sir, Tots are not to have liberty to ufe this language, how great a FrienlTou have been to the Lawes and Liberties of the People, let all England and the world judge. King. Sir, under favour ; it was the Liberty, Freedome,and Laws of the Subjecl that ever I tooke defended My felfe V.'ith Armest I never tookf up tsfrmes againft the People, but for the Lawes. Bradfli: The command of the (fourt mufl be obeyed, no zAnfwer will be g ven to the Charge, So the King was guarded forth to Sir Robert Cottons, and the Court adjourned to the Painted-Chamber, Tuefday twelve a Clock. •82. Tuefday, fanuaryi^. The Court fate againe, feventy three The j a dales Commiflioners prefent. L'^'.i.1 HlS The KinS brought into the Court, fits downe. Sol icit.-Cooke. Maj it fleafeyour Lord/hip my Lord Pr eft lent, This is now the third time that by the great grace and favour of the Court, the Prifiner hath been brought to the TZarre, before any Iffue joined in this CaHfi* My Lord, J did at the firfi Court exhibit e a Charge againft Him, containing the higheft Treafin that ever was wrought 04 the Theater of England,That a King of Sngland tm&ed to keep the Law, that had taken an Oath fo to doe, that had Tri- bute payed Him for that end, fiiould be guilty of awicked De- figne to fubvert and deftroy our Lawes, and introduce 3n Arbi- trary and Tyrannicall Government in defiance of the Parlia- ment and their Authority ; fet up His Standard for Warrc, a- gainft his Parliament and People : and I did humbly fray in be- half e of the People ©/England, That He may fpeedily be required to make an Anfwer to the Charge ; but, my Lord, infteai of 'ma- king any nsfnfrver, He did then difpute the Authority of this high Court 1 jour Lordfhip was f leafed to give Him a further day to put in His Anfwer, which day being j eft er day ; I did humbly moveyThlt He might be required to give a direct and poficive Anfwer, either by denying, or confefling of it ; But, my Lord, He was then plea- fid Majtfty. Part II. The Hiftory oflndsfendeticy. 97 fed to demur to the furifdiclion of the Court which the Court did then overrule, and command Him to give a direct and poftive Anfwer : . My Lord, befdes this great delay of Juftice, I (hall now humbly move your Lord/hip fir jpeedy Judgement againft Him ; / might prejfe your Lordfip upon the whole, That according to the hnowne rules of vht Lawes of the Land, that if a Prifoncr fhall ftand contumacious in contempt, and fhall not put in an Iifuable Plea, guilty or no: guilty of the Charge given againft him, whereby he may come to a faire Triall, that by an implicate Confcflion it may betaken,, pro confeiTo > as it bath been done to thofe W'ho have deferved more favour, than the Prifoner at the Barre hath done* But befdes, my Lord, I fhall humbly prejfe your Lord/hip upon the whole fact, That You fee the the Houfe of (fommons, the Supreme ^Authority and Jurif diction of remnant of the the Kingdom, they have declared, That it is notorious that the Ho.-ofComm, matter of the Charge is true ; as it is in truth my Lord, as clear e as ^ j^l Lv cryftall, and as the Sun that fhines at noon-day ; which if jour Lord* forc they er0_ fhip and the Court be not fatisfiedin, I have notwithstanding on the cted this new Peoples behalf e, fever all Witneffes to produce ; and therefore I doe Court to ka- humbly pray, (and yet I doe confejfe, it is notfo much I, as the Inno- tcncc . . m > cent bloud that hath been fhed, ( the cry whereof is very great ) for imi(^^ien J ptftice and Judgment) and therefore I doe humbly pray, that jpeedy ns well as a Judgment be pronounced againft the Prifoner at the Barre* Supreme Au- Bradfhaw. Sir, You have heard What is moved by the Councell thorky. on behalf e of the Kingdome againft you ; you were told over and over againe, That it was not for you, nor any other man to difpute the Jurifdi&ion of the Supreme and higheft Authority of England, from which there is no appeal, and touching which there muft be no difpute; yet you didperfft infuch carriage as you gave no manner of obedience, nor didyou acknowledge any Authority in them ; nor the high Court that conftituted this high Court of Juftice, Sir,! muft let you know from theCourt that they are very.fenfible of thefe delaies of Yours, and that they ought not ( being thus Authorized by the Supreme Court oi England) be thus trifled withall, and that they might in Juftice, and according to the rules of Juftice, cake advantage of thefe delayes,and proceed to pronounce Judgment againft you, yet nevertheleffe they are pleafed to give direction, and on their behalf e, I doe require you, That You make a pofitive An- fwer unto this Charge that is againft you, in plaine Tearmes (fir O Juftice p8 The Hijlory of Independency. Part II. J ttp ice hnowes no reject of Perfons) you are to give your poiltive and finall Anfwer in plainc Enghfh, whether you be guilty or not guilty of thefe Trcafons laid to your charge. King. When I wot hereYefterday, I did de fire to fpeake for the Liberties of the People of England, I was interrupted • Idejirc to fyewyet, whether I may fpeak freely, or not ? Brad. Sir, You have had the refold ion of the Court-> upon the like j%uefiim the I aft day, and you were told, that having fuch a Charge of fo high a nature againft you,Your work was,that you ought to acknowledge the Jurisdiction of the Court, & to anfwer to your Charge ; when you have once Anfrvered. you /hall be heard at large, make the be si defer.ee You can : But Sir, Imuft let You know fronts the Court, (at their Commands) That You are not to be permitted to Iifue out into any other difcourfes till fuch time as You have given a pofitive An liver concerning the matter charg'd upon you. King. lor the Charge I value it not a Rufij, it is the Liberty of the People of England that I ft and for ; for Me to acknowledge a new Court that I never heard of before, I that am jour King, that Should be an example to all the People of Enqland, to uphold Jullice, to maintaine the old Lawes ; Indeed, I doe not know how to dee it : you fpokje ^K ell the fir ft day that I came herein Saturday) of the Obligations that I had laid upon Me by God, to the main- tenance of the Liberties of My People, the fame Obligation you (pake of I doe acknowledge to God, that I owe to him, and to My People, to defend as much as in Me lies, the antient Laws of the Kirgdome ; therefore nut ill that I may kgfto>\ that this is not a- gainft the fundamentail Lawes of the Kingdome, / can put in no ^articular Anfwer, ifjou Vrillgive Me time I will fhew you My Reafons, and this here being interrupted, the King faid again, By your favour, jw ought not to interrupt Me, HoVv I came Whether thefc lJere J know not ; there's no Law for it to make your King your interruptions ^ifoner;/ was in a Treaty upon the publique Faith of the Kingdom, were made by that was the known two Houfes of Parliament, that wm the Re- *BraAfu-w, or prefentative of the Kingdo?ne, and when I had almoft made an end of whether they t y Treaty ahen I was hurried aVsay & brought hither, and therfore— areomrflionj J and expun&ions of fomc materiall parrs of the King's Speech which this licenced Pen-man ciuifl not let downer I know not : I heare much of the King's Argument is omitted, and much d-epravedj none but Licenced-men being fufieued to take Notes. Bradlbaw. Part II. The Hifkory of Independency, c$ Bradfh. Sir, Tou muft know the pleafure of the Court* Kinq. By your favour Sir Brad ill. T^ay Sir, By jour favour, Ton may not be permitted to fait into thofe Difcourjes ; Tqh appear as a Delinquent, Ton have not acknowledged the Authority of the Court, the Court craves it not of Tou, but once more they command Ton to give Jtmr pofitivt Anfwcr, Clerke doe your Duty. King. Duty Sir I The Clerke readcs. Charles Stuart, King ^/England, Tou are accufedin behalfe of the Commons of England of diverfe High Crimes and Treafons ^ which Charge hath been Read uato Tou, The Court now requires Tou to give Tour fofitive and finall ^sfnfwer, by way of Confefion 3 or demali of the Charge. King. Sir, I fey again? to you, fo that J may give fatisf allien to the People ; but being over-ruled in that, andrequiredto make His Anfwer, He ftifl continued Contumacious, and refufed to fubmit to zAnfwer* Hereupon the Court (that they may not be wanting to themfelves, • nor the Truft repofed in them, nor that any mans wilfulnefje prevent fuflice) they have confidered of the fharge, of the contumacy ', and of that Conjejjion which in Law doth arije on thai Contumacy • they have likewije confdered the notiority of the Fail Charged upon this Prifoner ; and upon the whole matter, they are refolved> and have agreed upon a Sentence to be pronounced again ft this cJ-rifoner^ but in rejpetl He d&th defire to be heard before the Sentence be Read± and Pronounced, the Court hath refolved to hear Him : yet Sir, thus much Imufltell Tou beforehand, (\\>loichyou have beene minded of at other Courts) that if that which You have to fay, be to offer any- debate concerning the furifdiflion, You are not to be heard in it : Yqh have offered it formerly, and you have fir ooh^ at the root, that is, the poWer and fupr erne Authority of the Commons of England, W/?/V£ this Coftrt will not admit a Debate of: and Vehich indeed is an irrationall thing in them to doe, being a Court that act upon Authority derived from therru. But Sir, if you have any thing to fay in defence of Your f elf concerning the matter charged, the Court hath given me in Com* mands to heare You* King. Since I fee that You Will not heare any thing of debate * Bradfliaw. Col. ^dm: Harvey. "John Dove Efq, Col. ?'*" fv*tf. /(?^ Foulks^ Alder: Thomas Scot. Tho: Andre'wes, Aid: William Caw ley 3 Efq. Col. Anthony S tap ley. tofon Life, Efq. ftfo* C^'f, Efq. Thomas fl/»#f,Efq. Thomas £w^, Efq. Col. .George Fleetwood Col. fa»w Temple. Sir p^r Temple. Qol.Thomas Wayte. lohn Browne. Efq. Mr. Brad/haw , nomi. nated Prefident. Counfcllours afliftant to this Court, and t<7 draw up the Charge againft the KING are, Dodlor DoriJUus. Mafter ^sk^j. Mafter 00*^. Serjeant x^y, Ser- jeant at Arm es. Mr. ^/",CIerkcto- the Court. Meffengers, and Dore- keepers , are, Mafter J*W/wA IV1. #4.1/0'. M. Fa/"*. M. Powrfl, Mrf«^ andM. K^Cryec ic4 Obfervations upon the Tty- r.il of His Ma- i.PartofE?^- iatids liberty in Cl\2incs3fub fi- ve: And the Hunting of the Foxesj&c. iheHiftcfj of Independency. Part I L This is a Relation of His Majefties Tryall by a mixed Court of Jufhce,ereded by 50. or <5o. Confederate Members of the Houfe of Commons, fitting under the power of the Army, after all the reft of the Members above 250. had been violently fecured, fe- cluded, and frighted away : And in order to this defigne againfl: the King/the Houfe of Peers voted downe, and yet the Houfe of . Commons (when intire) is no Court of Judicature, nor can give an Oath. Had indifferent men been permitted to take Notes, you had had a more perfect narrative 5 yet as it is, truth fhines forth to the confuiion of this bloudy, cheating, tyrannical! fa- ction : could they have wrought the King to have fubmitted to the Jurifdidion of this Arbitrary Court, His example fliould have been urged as an irrefragable decedent againlt the lives and liberties of the whole Kingdome, and urged to be of as great Authority, as if He had eftabliflied that Court by Ad: of Parlia- ment: So that the King is to be looked on asaCivill Martyr dying for the Liberty of the People. And although they have failed of this device, yet they will have fome other Arbitrary bloudy Inquifition to cut off the lives ( without Law ) of fuch as they defire to remove, without which this Tyrannous Kingdome of the Saints, or Brambles, cannot fubilft ; And therefore on Thurfday, 2. February, Cromwell and Ireton, and their Canniball Councell of Officers projeded to get an Ad palTed by their Houfe of Commons ( where all their Requefts, are Commands ) to enable the faid Councell to hang all fuch as they (hall adjudge Difturbers of the Army, although no Members of the Army : they muft have publique Slaughter- houfes in ten or em, as well as private adpoenam ; the nature of their Caufe, and their naturall conditions requiring it. Oliver is a Bird of prey, you may know by his Bloudy Beake ; fo was his Trodromtu that Type and fi- gure of him, John of Ley den 5 than whom, this Fellow will fhort- ly prove farre more bloudy : you fee this fchifmaticall remnant of one Houfe, have the impudence to ufurp the Supreme Autho- rity to themfelves : And then to tell you, that the Votes of this petty Conventicle (calling themfelves the Commons) are the Law, nay the Reafon of the Land, thereby deveftingus of thofe Lawes which fhall diftinguifh us from Slaves, and denying us the tife of our reafon, whereby we are differenced from Bealts, and expeding Part 1 1. The Hiftcry tf Independency. 1 0 5 expecting an implicite faith and blind obedience from us, to all the Votes of this half- quarter of a Houfe of Commons, fo farre that they Vote obedience to the knowne Lawes ( in many cafes ) to bcTreafon ; and what all our Lawes call Treafon, they Vote no Treafon : nay, fhould they vote a Turd to be a Rofe3 or Oli- ver's Nofe a Ruby, they would expect we fhould fweare it, and fight for it. This legiflative Den of Thieves erect new Courts of Juftice, neither founded upon Law nor prefcription, Theaters of illegall tyranny and oppreffion, to take away mens lives Arbitra- rily, for actions which no Law makes criminous; nay, for fnch acts as the Lawes command, where their proceedings are contra- ry to MagnA Chart*, and all our knowne Lawes and ufages, not per probes & legates homines, no Juries, no iworne Judges, au- thentically chofen, no Witnefles face to face, no formall Indict- ment in which a man may find errour and plead to the jurifdicti- on of the Court, or where the Court ought to be of Councell with the Prifoner : but the fanie engaged and vowed Enemies are both Parties, Profecutors, Witnefles, Judges (or Authorizes and Nominators of the Judges) Actors of all parts upon that ftageofBloud. The King prefsed earneftly (efpecially upon Monday,22.^».) tohave His Reafons againft the Jurifdiction of the Court heard, but was as often denied ; He intended then to give them in wri- ting, which was likewife rejected : fo they were fent to the prelfse. A true Copie whereof followes : $ His Majefties Reafons againft the pretended ^furiftdiSi* en of the High Court of Juftice, which He intended to deliver in Writing on M$ndaj, Jan. 22. 1648. Frith fully tranfiribd out of the Origwxll Qope under tfo Kjngs rsm HuiA. 06* HAving already made My Proteftations not only againft the ReafonTa-^ illegality of this pretended Court, but alfo that no earthly gaintt the Ju- power can juftly call Me(who am your/c"wg)in queftion as a De- "fdidion of Jinquent, I would not any more open My mouth upon this occa- Cr jh¥-h Comc lion, more then to referre Mv felfe to what I have fpoken, were noiecUfcefife I alone in this cafe concerned. But tkc duty I owe to God in the condemnation, P prefervation 1 06 The Hiftorj of Independency* Part II. prefervation of the true Liberty of My People, will not fuflfer Me at this time to be filent ; For, how can any free-borne Subject of England call life or any thing he poflfc&ch his owne, if power without right daily make new, and abrogate the old fundamen- tall Law of the Land, which I now take to be the prefent cafe. Wherefore when I came hither, I expected that y oa would have indevoured to have fatisfled Me concerning thefe grounds, which hinder Me to Anfwer to your pretended Impeachment ; but fincc I fee that nothing I can fay will move you to it (though Negatives are not fo naturally proved as Affirmatives ) yet I will (hew you the Reafon why I am confident you cannot judge Me, nor indeed the meaneft man in England >, for I will not (like you) without fhewing a reafon, feek to impofe a beliefe upon My Subjects. * H h 1 * There is no proceeding juft againft any man,but what is war- was fopt,0 and ranted either byGodsLawes, or the municipall Lawes of the not differed to Country where he lives. Now I am moil confident, that this fpeak any more daies proceeding cannot be warranted by Gods Law, for on the contrary the authority of obedience unto Kings is clearly war- ranted and ftri&ly commanded both in the Old and New Tefta- ment ; which if denied, I am ready inftantly to prove : and for the queftion now in hand, there it is faid, That where the word of 4 King isy there is Power ; and Voho may Jay unto him, Vchat doefl then ? Ecclef. 8.4. Then for the Lawes of the Land, I am no lelTc confident, that no learned Lawyer will affirme that an Impeach- ment can lie againft the Ki n g, they all going in His name • and one of their.Maxims i$, That the King can doe m ^rong. Be- lides, the Law upon which you ground your proceedings, muft either be old or new; if old, fhew it ; if new, tell what autho- rity warranted by the fundamentall Lawes of the Land hath made it, and when. But how the Houfe of Commons can creel: a Court of Judicature, which was never one it felfe (as is well known to all Lawyers ) I leave to God and the World to judge ; And it were full as ft range that they fhould pretend to make Lawes without King or Lords Houfe, to any that have heard fpeak of the Lawes of England. And admitting, but not granting, that the People of Englsndt CoBnuffion could grant your pretended power, I £ee nothing you Reafons. . Part II. The Hifiory oflndeftndew). 1 07 you can fliew for that ; for certainly you never asked the quefti- on of the tenth man of the Kingdome, and in this way you ma- nifeftly wrong even the pooreft Plough- man, if you demand not his free confent ; nor can you pretend any colour for this your pretended Commiflion without the confent at leaft of the ma- jor part of every man in England, of whatfoever quality or con- dition, which I am fure, you never went about to feek ; fo farre are you from having it. Thus you fee that I fpeake not for My owne right alone, as I am your King, but alfo for the true Liber- ty of all My Subjects, which confifts not in flharing the power of Government, but in living under fuch Lawes, fuch a Government as may give themfelves the beft aflfurance of their lives and pro- priety of their goods. Nor in this mud or doe I forget the Pri- viledgespf both Houfes of Parliament, which this daies pro- ceedings doth not onely violate, butlikewife occafion the grea- teft breach of their Publike Faith that ( I believe ) ever was heard of,with which I am farre from charging the two Houfes : for all the pretended Crimes laid againft Me, beare date long before this late Treaty at T^cwpsrt, in which I having concluded as much as in Me Jay, and hopefully expecting the two Houfes a- greement thereunto, I was fudden'Iy furprized, and hurried from thence as a Prifoncr, upon which accompt I am againft My will brought hither, where fince I am come, I cannot but to My power defend the ancient Laws and Liberties of this Kingdome, together with My owne juft Right ; then for any thing I can fee the higher Houfe is totally excluded. And for the Houfe of Commons, it is too well knownethat the major part of them are detained or deterr'd from fitting, fo as if I had no other, this were fufficient for Me to proteft againft the lawfulnefle of your pretended Court. Befides all this, the peace of the Kingdome is not the leaft in My thoughts, and what hopes of fetlemcnt is there fo long as power reigns without rule of Law, changing the whole frame of that Government under which this Kingdome hath flourished for many hundred years, ( nor will I fay what will fall out in cafe this lawkfle unjuft proceeding againft Me doe go on)and believe it the Commons of England will not thank you for this change, for they will remember how happy they have been of late yeares P 2. under io8 The Hijlory of Independency. Parti I. under the Reigne of Queen Elizabeth, the King my Father, and My felfe, until! the beginning of thefe unhappy troubles, and will have caufe to doubt that they (hall never be fo happy under any new. And by this time it will be too fenfibly evident, that the Armes I took up were onely to defend the fundamental! Lawes ofthisKingdome, againft thofe who have fuppofed, My power hath totally changed the ancient Government. Thus having (hewed you briefly the Reafons, why I cannot fubmit to your pretended Authority without violating the trull: which I have from God, for the welfare and liberty of My People; I expert from you either cleare Reafons to convince My Judgement, (hewing Me that I am in an errour ( and then truely I will readily anfwer) or that you will withdraw your proceedings. This I intended to fpeakc in mftminfter-haU on Munday, 22. famarj , but againft reafon was hindered to (hew My Reafons. s7. Alteration of the formes and ftyles of Writs and Legal! proceedings. S3. A Proclam; to be brought in, prohibiting the Pr:of Walesa any of the Ks/ Iflueto be pro- claimed King of England. The 27. fan. The Commons read the Acl: for Altering the formes of Writs, and other proceedings in Courts of Juftice, which (according to all our knowne Laws, thecuftome of all A- ges,and the fundamental Government of this Kingdome ) ever ran in the King's Name. This Acl upon the Queftion was aflcn- tedto, and no concurrence of the Lords defircd, of this more hereafter. The Junto of 5o.or 60. Commons appointed a Committee to pen a Proclamation, That if any man fhould go about to Pro- claime Prince Charles, or any of that line King of England ( after the removall of King Charles the Father out of this life ) as is u- fiulfy, and ought to be done by all Mayors, Bayliffs of Corpora- tions,High Sheriffs,&c. under high penalties of the Law for their neglecT: ) or fhall proclaime any other without the confent of the prefent Parliament : the Commons declare it to be High Trea- son ; and that no man under paine of Imprifonment or fuch o- ther (arbitrary) puni(hment5as £hall be thought fit to be inflicted on them, fhall fpeakc or preach any thing contrary to the pre- fent proceedings of the Supreme Authority of this Nation, the Commons of England aflembled in Parliament. Your hands and feet Part II. Th* History of Independency. 1 09 feet, liberties a^iconfcierces were ior.gfincc tied pft now you are tongue- tied. Upon motion, the Houfe ordered, That Doctor nop of London fhould be permitted to be private with the King in Th* His Chamber, to preach and adminifter the Sacraments, and 0- J fpiriruali comforts to Him : But notwithflanding,their Ma- tters of the Counceil ofWarre, appointed that weather-cocke John Qfooanin of Coleman-ftreet ( the BaLtam of the Army that I curfeth and bleffcth for Hire) to be Superintendent both over ^T King and Bifbop, fo that they could hardly fpeakaword to- gether without b ins over-heard by the Ung-fchifmaticail-eares \ ef black mouthed John: Btfides, I heare that for fome nights a Guard of Souldiers was kept within His Chamber, who with rflf' }"'-■■ talking, clinking of pot?, Opening and 0 of the dor:, and \ taking Tobacco there U thing very ofFenfive to the Kings nature) , fhould keep Him watching, that fo by diftempering and amaz'. g Him, with want of fieep, they might the eaficr bring Hi.^n to '■■'■ fry* l- thcirbent. 28. J**mrj, being the lafl Sabbath the King kept in this life, J^ fome of the Grandees of the Army and Parliament tendered to the King a Paper-booke, with promife of Life and fome fhadow a Pat = of Regality (as I heare ) if He Subfcribed it : It contained many of D particulars deftrodm to the fundamental! Government, Reli- " ' ^ gion, Lawes, Libe::ies;and Property of the People : One where- of was ir.ftanced 10 Me, viz* That the Ki N G fhould ( amor/= \ many other demands ) paiTe an Act of ft |t for keep foot the MilitiA of this Army during the pleafure of t dees, who fhould be trufted with that Militia, and with po ?. : from time to time to recruit end continue them to the number of 4000:. Horfe and Foot, ur.de: the fame General! and Offi- cers, with power notwithitandingin the Counce!! of Warreto chufe new Officers and Generals from time to time as occasion fhatl happen, and they thinke fit ; and to fettle a very great Ta upon the People by a Land Rate, for an eftabiiihsd pay for tl : Army ; to be collected and leavied by the Army thcmfelves. and a Court Martial! of an exorbitant :::■:*• — :. .;: tatjc. I-Ls ?.'.:- ]dby 'as I heare) read fomc few o; the Proportions, and throw- ing thera a&ie told them, He would rather become a facrifke for P3 His no The Hijlory of Independency. P art II. His People, then betray their Lawes and Liberties, Lives and E- llates, together with the Church and Common-wealth, and the Honour of His Crowne, to fo intolerable a Bondage of an Ar- med Faction. aT> Monday, 29. Jam. 1648. The legiflative half. quarter of the The sale and Houe of Commons, voted as followeth, ( hearken with admi- Tidc of Cujlo- racion Gendemen) Be it enacted by this prefent Parliament, and des libauiis by Authority of the fame, that in all Courts of Law, Juftire, and ^ob^iZThi Cflulty' anc* in al1 Writs, Grants, Patents, Cornraiflions, Indift- hUll procee-1 ments» Informations, Suits, Rcturnes of Writs, and in all Fines, dings, in ftcad Recoveries, Exemplifications, Recognizances, ProcefTc, and pro- of rhc ftyle of ceedings of Law, JufHce, or Equity within the Kingdoms of Sng- tht%iiig. land ox Ireland, Doxmn\onoi Wales, &c. inflead of the Name, Thcfc Goalcrs Stile, Telle, or Title of the King heretofore ufed, that from of E«L/^i'"" henceforth the Name, Stile, Tell or Title CufiodesMermisAn. iiidividuam v&- &i£> authoritate Tarliamenti, {lull be ufed, and no other, and the gum, not yet Date of the yeare of the Lord, and none other ; and that allDu- naincd. ties, Profits, Penalties, Fines, Amerciaments, Iffaes, and Forfei- Scc a Contt- tures whatfoever, which heretofore were fued for in the name ira^dfe in in of the Ki n g, fhall from henceforth be fued for in the name of Aft for better Cnftodes liber tat is Angli ^author it ate Parliament : and where the feeling procee- words were (Juratores pro domino Rege) they lhall be (Juratores dings in C« of pr0 Kefublica) and where the words arc {contra facem, dignitatem Jttftice/accor-^ ^ coronam noflram ) the words from henceforth fhall be {contra fcnf Guvern- f^em Pal llcam.) All Judges, Judices, Minifters,and Officers,are ment , Dared to take notice hereof, &c. and whatfoever henceforth fhall be 17.Fci7.1648. done contrary to this Act, fhall be, and is hereby declared to be null and void; the death of the King, or any Law, ufageorcu- ftome to the contrary notwithstanding, &c. 02 The King lay in white-hall Saturday (the day of the Sentence) Another dc- and Sunday night fo neer the place appointed for the feparation icctomorti- of His Soule and Body, that He might hearc every ftroke the fie the King. Work-men gave upon the Scaffold ( where they wrought all n/ght ) this is a new device to mortifie Him, but it would not doe. Tucfday, 30. Jan. 1 648. was the day appointed for the Kings ?'• Death ; He came on Foot from Saint James's to Whit e- hall that morning : His Majclly coming upon the Scaffold, made a Speech to Part II. The Hiftory of Independency. x 1 1 to the People ; which could onely be heard by fome few Sowl- diers and Schifmaticks of the Faction who were furTered to pof- feffc the Scaffold, and all parts neare it ; and from their Pennes onely we have our informations : # His Majejlies Speech upon the Scaffold, and His Death , or Kyipttheofis. The King told them, THat aH the world knew He never began the Warren 94. with the two Houfes of Parliament, and He called God to witnejfe (to whom He mu(l Jhortly give an account) He never, intended to encroach upon their Privi ledges ; They began upon Me, it was the CMtliiia they began with, they confejfcd the (Militia was Mine, but they thought fit to have it from Me : and to befiort, if any body will look to the Dates of the Commif ions, Theirs, and Mine, and like- wife to the Declarations, will fee cleerly that They began thefe unhappy Troubles. And a little after He faid, / pray Cod they may takt-j the right way to the peace of the Kingdome ; But I mujl Souldicrs Re- firfttbewvouhewiouareoutofthe way^ and then put you betiingagainfl JJJt J it J -n- n V £ .7 l r J 11 thdr Mailers tnto the right way : Firjt, you are out of the way, for all or Soveiaigne, the way you ever had yet (by any thing I could ever find) though they was the way ofConqucft, which is a very ill way, for Con- ^^^ooS quefi is never jujl except there be a good juft Caufe, either queft, becufe for matter of wrongs or juft Title, and then if you go be- thdr qu5ie11 yondthefrft Jguarrell that yot* have, that makes it unjuft ^ and fiSuB w the end that was juft in the beginning • but if it be onely fro*n the be- matter ofConquefi, then it is a great Robbery, as the Pyrate SinmnS* faid to Alexander, andfo (J think) the way that you are in hath much of that way - Now { Sirs ) to put you in the way, believe it you will never d?e right, nor God will never pro- ber you, untill you give him his due, the King ( that is My Succeffor) ii2 The Hiftory of Independency] Part II. Succejfor) his due, and the People (for whom lamas mush as any of you) their due, i . Ton mufl give God his due, by regulating rightly his Church, (according to his Serif ture) which is now out of order 7 to fet you in a way particularly now I cannot 9 ~but ovely a National! Synod freely called, freely debating a- mongB themselves mufi fettle this . when that every opi- nion is freely and clearly heard. 2. For the King, the Lawes of the Land will freely in- ftrucljouy andbecanfe it concernes JMy felfe I willonely give you a touch of it. 3. Tor the people ( andtruely Idefire their Liberty and Freedome as much as any man whatfoever ) I must tell you, their Liberty and Freedome conftfls in having fuch a Go- vernment, whereby their Lives and Goods mjiy be moft their own, it Iks not in having ajhare in the Government y that is nothing pertinent to them , a Subjeff and a Sove- raigne are cleane different things : and therefore mstiSyou reftore the People to fuch a Liberty, they will never enjoy themfelves, Sirs, it was for this I now come hither, if I would have given way to an Arbitrary fway, to have all Lawes changed according to the power of the Sword, I Sec ftd. $: needed not to have come here • and therefore I tell you {and 1 pray God it be not laid to your charge ) that I am the Mar- tyr of the People, &c. The Houfc had This was the erTecl: of His Majefties Speech, who {hewed much the impudence magnanimity and Chriftian Patience during all the time of His n anhT lhr Trial1 an(1 ^ath, notwithftanding many barbarous affronts put Sours, Thw (bywayoftentation) upon Him; He had His Head fevered what they had from His Body at one (troak, the Souldiers and Schifmaticks done to the giving a great iliout prefently. King was ac- cording to the Law of the Land. They meant, that their Lufls arc the Laws of the Land : for other Law they can (hew none. Thus Part II. The Hijlory oflndefendencf. x I j Thus this noble Prince ( a Gentleman fan&ified by many affli- ctions) after He had efcaped Piftoll, Poyfon, and Peftilent ayre, could not efcape the more venemous tongues of Lawyers and Pettyfoggers, Brad[hawt Coolie, Steele, *Aske , and Doriflaus • thus the Shepherd is [mitten } and the Sheep [cutter ed. T He f aid High Qourt offuflice, with the downfall of K^ing Charls the i, thereby and in Him of the %egall (joyern^ ment> \Religion, Lawes, and Liberties of this auntient K^ingdome is Emblematically prefented to the 'Readers view : See the Figure, Prefcntly after this diflblution of the King, the Commons fent abroad Proclamations into Londonyznd all England over, reciting, p10clamatr That whereas [ever all pretences might be made te this Crofone% and publilhed a Title to the Kingly Office [et on foot, to the apparent hazard of the gainft pro- publique peace. l$e it cna&ed and ordained by this pre[ent Par It a- ^arning the me nt, and by the Authority ofthe[ame, that no Per/on Vvhatfiever * a% doe prefitme to prochimey declare^ pnblifh, or any Veaies to promote Charles Stuart (Sonne o[ the [aid Charles ) commonly called Prince of Wales, or any other Per/on to be KUg, or Chief e dfagiftrate of England or Ireland, or of any Dominions belonging to them ; by co- lour of Inheritance, SHCceffion, Eleftion, or any other claime W'hat- feever, without the free confent of the People in Parliament firfi had ations W; 1 14 The Hiftory of Independency. Part II. Who inal judge atidfignified by a particHlar Proclaime, &c. Jbail Adeemed and when not? a-^d adjudged a Tray tor, axd.fiffir accordingly. o- Notwithftanding which inhibition, the i.Fehruary, 1 548. was A Procfamati- printed and fcattercd about London-ftrczts this following Pro- on privately clamation : printed and ^imina F°~* # ^ Proclamation proclaiming CHARLES Prince C H A R L S 0/ Wales, King of Great Britaine, France, and Ireland. the Second. j EE the Noblemen, fudges, Knights, Lawyers, Gentlemen, Freeholders, ^Merchants, Citizens, Yeomen, Seamen, and other freemen ^/England, doe, ac- cording to our Allegiance and Covenant, by thefe prefents heartily, joyfully and unanimoujly acknowledge and pro- claime the Illuftrious C H A RLS Prince 0/Wales, next heire of the blood Roy all to his Father King C H A RLS (whofe late wicked and trayterous murther we doe from our foules abominate, and all parties and conf enters thereunto) to be by herd/tary Birthright, and lawfullfuccefion, right- full and undoubted King of Great Britaine, France and Ireland, and the Dominions thereunto belonging. And that we will faithfully, c 071ft ant ly and fine erely in our fever all places and callings defend andmaintaine his Roy all Per (on, Crowne^and Dignity with our Eftates, Liv es, and lafi drop of our Bloods, againft all Oppofers thereof -, whom we doe hereby declare to be Traytours and Enemies to his Majeftj and his Kingdoms. Inteftimony whereof, we have canfed thefetobepublfied and proclaimed throughout all Coun- ties and Corporations of this Realm, the fir ft day 0/FeblU- ary3 in the first yeare of His Majefties Retgne. God fave King C H A R L E S the Second. The Part IT. ?"fo Hifiory of Independency] x I j The fag end of the Houfe of Commons, Febr*\. 1648. parted 96. a thing they call an Act, That fuch Members as had aflented to A Vore that the Vote, 5. Decewb. 1648. That the Kings Conceffions were a fuc£ Member* ground for the Houfc to proceed to a fetlcmcnt, fhould not be ta0,hc Vote re- admitted to fit as Members; fuch as were then in the Houfe f.zto.fhallfe and voted in the negative (hould firft enter their diflfcnt to the no more-others faidVote, fuch as were ab fen c fhould declare their difapprovall t0 e"ter their before they fit. You fee the cheating Godly are refolvcd to keep dl ]cnt a"d ^ 11 1 r ? appro vail. all to themfelves. rr This day their tame Lordfliips fent a Mcflage to the Houfe of 07. Commons, but they were too fatly to call the MefTengers in : The Lords thefubftanceoftheMeflfagewas, That their Lordfhips had ap- fendaMeffage pointed 7. of their Houfe to joyne with a proportionable num- ^^j^0^1^ ber of Commons, toconfiderofa way how to fettle thisNa- fenae/no/* tion. caM in. Monday, %Sebr. 1 648. The Commons debated whether they g (hould continue the Houfe of Lords as a Court Judicatory, or The Houfe of Confultory oncly ? And the day following they put this Que- Lords voted ftion, Whether this Houfe fhall take the advice of the Houfe of downe. Lords, in the cxercifc of the Legiflative power of the Kingdome, in purfuance of the Votes of this Houfe, 4, fan ft: laft. This was carried in the Negative by many Voices : in farther purfuance of which Vote, they farther voted. That the Houfe of Peers in Par- liament is ufeleffe and dangerous,and ought to be abolifhed ; and that an Act be brought in for that purpofe, and voted downe their privilcdge of being exempt from Arrefts; yet theygraci- oufly condefcended they fhal be capable of being elected Knights of Shires, and BurgefTes, if any will be fo mad as to chufe them : yet my Lord of Pembroke is as muth overjoyed with this gay pri- viledge, as if they had beftowed a new Cap with a Bell anda Bable upon him : who will not now conclude that the Votes of this Legiflative, this fupreme piece of the Houfe of Commons, is the onefy Law and rcafon of the Land, which leads all our Lawes and reafon captive, and is almighty againft all but the Councell of the Army. The 8. Febr. came forth A Declaration and Protection of og thePeeres, Lords and Barons of this Realme, againft the late AProteftatton treafonablc proceedings and tyrannicall ufurpations of force ofthePeece*. Q^3 Members 1 1 6 The Hifiory of Independency. Partll. Members of the Commons Houfe, who endeavour to fubvert the fundamental! Lawes, and Regall Government of this Kingdom, and enflave the People to their boundlefle Tyranny in ftead of Freedome. The Protection follovveth i W'S the Peers, Lords and Barons of this Realme of England, for theprefent neceffary vindication of the undoubted Rights and Triviledges of Parliament, and more particular ly of the Houfe of Peers, theju/l ^Prerogatives and P erfonall fafety of our Kings, the kgoVcn Lawes and Liberties of this Kingdome, the Hereditary Free- dome of all the Freemen of this Nation, and cur owne affronted and contemned Honours and Authority .again fi the many late unparalleVd dangerous Invaftons and treafonable ZJ furcations of a few infolent mif-advifed Members of the (late) Houfe of (fommons, whiles the great eft and able ft part of that Houfe were forcibly detained or de~ t err d from thence, wherewith we find ourfelves and the whole King- dome unfufferably injured and deeply afflicted : Sublet, We declare to be High Treafon and wilfull Mur- ther) to Dif inherit the Prince ofWales of the Crowne of England, or againfi prociaiming him. King after his Roy all Fathers late mofl impious, tray terous and barbarous murther, or to alter the Afonar- chicall Government, Larves, Great Scale, Judicatories, and auncient formes of Writs, and Legail proceffe and proceedings ; or to keep up or make good any Commijfions, Judges or Officers, made voyd by the Kings bloody execution ; or to continue any old, or raife any ne^ for- ces or Armies • or to impofe any neW Taxes, Payments, Oathes or forfeitures on the Subjecls, or to take a\vay any of their Lives, Liber- ties sr Eftates again ft the fundament all Laftes of the Realme, or to make any new Judges, Juftices3 or Officers j or fet aftde the Houfe of Peers (farre antienter than the Commons Houfe) and particular- ly this infolent and fi 'antique Vote of theirs, Feb. 6. £ That the Houfe of P.ers in Parliament is ufelefle and dangerous, and ought to be abolished, and that an Act be brought in for that purpoftfj to be not onely void, null, andillegail in themfelvcs by the La^cs and Sta- tutes ofthts Realme, but likgwife tridonable*, deteftable> tyrannically 1 1 8 The Hijtory ef Independencf. Part II. anddeftrtttlive to the Priviledges, Rights and being of Parliaments, the jufi Prerogatives and PerfcxaR fafetj of the Kings ©/"England ; the fundamental Government andLawesoftheRealme, the Lives , Liberties, Properties and Sftates of the People, and the mcfl tranfeen- dent tyranny and ufurpation over the Ki*g% Ktngdome, Parliament, Teers, Commons xand Freemen ^/England ever pratltfedor attemp- ted in any Age, tending onely to dishonour, enjlave} and deflroy this antient flour ijhing Kingdome, andfet up Anarchy and confufion in aU * ioo. tlactu The Kingly All \Wich exorbitant and trayterow Vfurpations ; We, and aU Office voted free" borne Engli/h-menare by all obligations bound to oppofe to the AfVne'l ft uttermofl Wlt>t0 mr t*ves and fortunes, left tVe Jhould be accejfary to ioooL yearsk is mr owne m^ 0Hr f0fteYU*es P^very and r nine, for preventing whereof now difcovered We ^dve lately jpentfo much blond and treafury againft the Ma- by thefe New lignant Party, whofe treafons and infolencies they far re exceed* Lights to be inconvenient * The Fehru. the Commons debated about the Kingly Of- to be in one c * rr j l -ir ° hand therefore fice> and Paffcd thls VoCe' it muft be in Refolved, &c. By the Commons of England aflfembled in Par- the Cotincel of liament, that it hath been found by experience, and this Houfe State: forty doth declare, that the Office of a King in this Nation, and to n rKinort0t ^rvr c^e Power thereof in any (ingle Perfon is unneceflary, bur- That is the denfome and dangerous to the liberty, fafety, and publiquein- Army and tereft of the People of this Nation, and therefore ought to be their Party. abolifhed, and that an A& be brought in for that purpofe. 1 01 . a Committee was named to bring in a Lift of Names ( not ex- A Committee ceec[jng ^0) t0 fc>e a Committee of State, by Acl of the Houfe of T°all?lim « Commons. This is to pull dovvne one Kins, to whom we owe .Lilt ot JN ames . n * °/ for a Counccll Allegiance ; and let up forty Tyrants, to whom we owe no Al- of State. legiance. 102. Inftru&ions were given by the Commons for drawing new New Commit- Commiflions for the Judges, according to the new Antimonar- TudSes°' here- cnica11 ftiIc and way> che nevv Great Sea,e bein§ novv rea ted to theHoufe, approved of, and the Clerkeofthe Crowne (for whom they have not invented a new name yet ) ordered to mend the returne of the Writ at the Barre. * They likewife paffed a Declaration to this purpofe, that they are fully refolved to maintaine, and fhall and will uphold, preferve and keep the fundamental! Lawe6 of this Nation ; for, and concerning the prefervation of the lives, liberties and pro- perties of the People, with all things incident thereunto, with the Alterations concerning Kings, and Houfe of Lords, already refolved in this prefent Parliament* mould fit, and doe the fervice ; fo they are BurgefTes not returned : but ordered to fit. " 104. A Declaration, That they will keep rhe fundamentall Lawes, ( lives ) why did they erect the Hiah Court of Juftice, and doe itill continue Martiall Law ? ( liberties ) why doe they pre.Ve Seamen then ? (properties) why doe they Icavie illcgall Taxes by Souldiers, and continue ille- gall Sequeftrations ? Monday, February 12, The Commons appointed the Circuits for thofe Judges that held, and palTed an Aft for Compleating the Judges of the feverall Courts, filling uptheroomesof thofe that held not, with fome alterations in their former Comiflions, and a new Oath to be given them, to fweare well and truly to fetyethe Commonwealth in the Office of a Juftice of the Upper Bench (which all our Lawes call the Kings Bench) or Common Pleas, according to the beft of their skill and cunning. The Houfe patted an AcT that the Oath underwritten, and no other be adminiftred to every Free- man of the City of London At his admiflion^andof all other Cities, Burroughs, and Townes Corporate, Yon the Crowne certified, that (between the Committee cf Elections, and himfelfe)*they could not find the Indentures of returne : the Houfe there- fore Ordered, That they I05. The Judges Circutes ap- pointed^ the Benches filled up, and their Oaths altered, 106. A new Oath for the Free- men oiLwdoiiy and other Cor- porations. 120 The Hiftorj of Indefendencf* Part IL YOu fhall ftveare, that you Veill be true and faithfuM to the (fom^ mon-VrealtbofEnghnd, andin order thereto, you fhall be obe- dient to the jufl and good Cjovernment of the Qitj of London, &c. 107. They pafled an Act alfo, to rcpcale the feverall Claufes in the An Ad to re- Statutes, 1 Eli^ & 3 Jacob, enjoyning the Oaths of Allegiance, of^Me hn^ obcdience and Supremacy, That the laid Oathes, and all other Obedience, & Oathes of the like nature fhall be, and are hereby wholly taken Sup.emacy. away, the faid Ciaufes in the faidA&sbe made void and null, and fhall not hereafter be adminiftred to any Perfon, neither fhall any place or office be void hereafter by reafon of the not taking of them, or any of them, any Law, Cuftome, or Statute to the contrary notwithstanding. 1 08. In oppofition to thefe tyrannous,deftruclive, iilegall and tray- Anothcr Dc- tcrous proceedings of 4c.or 50. cheating Schifmaticks fitting un- P?ltdinti ^f der C^e *orcc' anc* Promot'ng tne Interefts of will and power of the°fecured and the rebellious Councell of Officers in the Army: The fecured fecluded Mem- and fecluded Members oftheHoufe of Commons Declared as b«s< followeth : # k^A fublike Declaration and P rote [I at ion of the fecured and fecluded Members of the Houfe of Commons ; AgainFl the treasonable and iilegall late <*s4lls and proceedings of feme few Confederate Members of that dead Houfe, fince their forcible £x- p teflon, 1 3 . Febr. 1 648. WE the fecured and fecluded Members of the late Houfe of Commons, taking into our fad and ferious Confederations the late dangerous, defperate and treasonable proceedings of fome few Members of that Houfe (not amounting to a full eighth part oftheHoufe if divided into ten) who confederating with the Officers and Generall Councell of the aArmj, have forcibly de- tained and fecluded us (againft the Honour, Frcedome, and Privi- ledges of Parliament) from fitting and voting freely with them, for the better fet ling of the Kingdemes peace ; and contrary to their Oaths of Allegiance and Suprt mac), their Preteftation, the Solemne League and Covenant, zndimidry 'Declarations and Re- monflrances Part II. The Hiftory oflndefendency. x 2 x monflrances of both Houfe s, to His late Murdered MA JESTY, Hit Heires and Succejfors, the whole Kingdomes of England, Scot, landand Ireland, and to zMforaigne States and Tfations (fince our exclufion and forced abfence from their Counfels }by reafon of the Armies force) moft prefumptuoufly arrogated and ufnrped to themfelves the Title of, The Supreme Authority of this Kingdome: and by colour and pretence thereof have wickedly and audacioufly prefumed, without and againft our privities or confents, and a- gainft the unanimous Vote of the Houfe of Peers, to ere& a High Court offuftice (as they terme it) though never any Court them- felves, to Arraigne and Condemne His Majefty, againft the lottos of God, and the municipall Lawes of the Realme : which Court (confifting for the moft: part of fuch partial! and engaged Terfons who had formerly vowed Hts Majefties deflrutlion, and fought His blond) moft illegally & unjuflly refufed to admit of His Ma- jefiies \ufl Reafons and exceptions againft: their ufurped furi/diflion; and without any lawful/ Authority or proof e againft Him, or legal/ Trial/, prefumed moft trayteroujly and impioufly to Condemne and Murder Him : and fince that,have likewife prefumed to Trie and Arraigne fome Peers, and others free Subjetls of this Realme for their Lives, contrary to Magna Chart a, the Petition of Right, the Lowes of the Land, and the Liberty of the Subjecls, to the great e n- (laving and endangering of the lives and liberties of all fee People of England. And whereas the faid confederated Commons have likewife ty- rannically and audacioufly prefumed contrary to their Oathes and Engagements aforefaid, to take upon them to make Alls of parliament ( as they terme them ) without our privity or aftents, or the joynt confent of the King and Houfe of Lords, contrary to the Ufe and Priviredges of Parliament and knowne Laws of the Land, and by pretext thereof have trayteroufly and wickedly en- deavoured to Dif inherit the Illuftrious C HA RLE S Prince of Wales, next Heire to the Crowne, and aduall K IT^g of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland, immediately after His faid Reya/t Fathers barbarous Murther,by Right of Defient ; and proclaimed it 7 reafon for any Perfon to Proclaime Him King3 ( whereas it is high Treafin in them chus to prohibit His prociai- ming)and have likewife trayteroufly and impudently encroached R a j 2 2 The Bifiorj of Independency. Part II. a tyrannical & lawlejfe power to themfclvcs to Vote down our an- tient Kingly & Aionarchicall Government, and the Houfe of Peers • and to make a new Great Seal of England without the Kings Por- traitlure or Stile, and to alter the antient Regali and Legallftile of Writs and proceedings in the £ourts of Juftice, and to create new fudges and Com?mJfioners of the Great Seale, and to diipenfe with their Oathes of Supremacy and Allegiance, and to prefcribe new Oathes unto them contrary to Law, ( though they have no Au- thority by any Law, Statute, or Cuftome to adminifter or injoyne an Oath to any ro. 70, 71, 76, 77, 78. and Sir Ediv.Coke in his q.lnftit.c.i, 2. That the few Members now fitting in, and the Houfe of Commons being no Court of Juftice of it felfe, and having no power to heare and determine any civiil or criminal! Caufes, nor to rive an Oath in any cafe whatfoever, cannot by the Lawes and Statutes of the Realm, nor by any pretext of authority whatfoe- ver,erecT any new Qowrt offufiice3nor give power or authority to any new fudges, Juftices, or (Commiffioners to arraigne, trie, con- demn or execute any Subject of meaneft quality, for any reall or pretended crime whatfoever ; much lefle their owneSovcraigne Lord the King ; or any Peers of this Realme , who ought to be tried by their Peers, and by the Law of the Land alone, and not orherwife. And that the condemning and executing the King, or any Peere, or other Subject by pretext of fuch an illegall Autho- rity, is no lefle than High Treafon and wilful 1 Murther, both in the Members, the Commiffioners, Judges or Jufticcs giving and executing Sentence of Death in any fuch arbitrary and lawleffe void Court,or by vertueof any fuch void & illegal Com millions. 3. That the Houfe of Commons and Members now fitting, ha ve no power nor authority to make or alter the Great Seale of£ngland, or grant any Commiffions to any Commiffioners, Judges, Sheriffs, Juftices of the Peace, or any other. That all the Corcmiflions granted by them, under their New, or any other Scale, are meerly void & illegall ; and all the new Writs & pro- ceedings in Law or Equity before any Judges, Juftices, Sheriffs, or other Officers made by them, meerly void in Law to all in- tents, & coram non judjee* 4. That the dcniallofthe King's Title to the Crownc, and plotting the meanes to deprive Him of it, or to fet it upon ano- thcrs Head, is High Treafon, within the Statute of 25 Ed^.clxi. And that the endeavouring to fubvert the Fundamentall Lawes and Part II. The History of Independency] 125 and Government of theRealmeof England [by King, Lords, & Commons] *nd to introduce a tyrannicall or arbitrary Govern- ment againit Law, is High Treafon at the Common Law (efpeci- aliy in Judges and Lawyers)not taken away by any Statute. Both which M'S't.John in hisArgument at Law,concerning the Bil of at- tainder of high Treafon of Tko:E.of S trajfor d$ub\'nhcd by order oftheCom.-Houfe, ^.1641./?. 8. 14. to } 3. & 64^078. And in his Speech at a Conference of both Houfes of Pari: concerning Ship mony,^. i^4o,hath proved very fully by many reafons and prefidentsj and Coke in his 7. Report, f. 10,11,12.6c 3 Inftit.c.i. That the Commons now fitting, in making a new Great Scale, without the Kings Image or Style, in granting new illcgall Com- mitfions to Judges, Juftices of Peace, Sheriffs, and other Officers in the name of ' Cufiodes AnglU in the generail, in omitting and altering the Kings Name, Style and Title in Writs, Proceffe, In- dictments, and proceedings at the Common Law, and thereby indeavouring to Dif-inhent the Prince, (now laWftiU King by and fincc his Fathers bloody murther) and to alter and fubvert the Fundamentail Lawes and Government of the Rcalme, by fuch Commiflions and proceedings, and by the power of an Ar- my to enforce them ; and the Judges, Juftices, Sheriffs, and other Officers who accept of fuch Commiflions, and all thofe (efpe- cially Lawyers ) who voluntarily aflift, confent, and fubmit to fuch Gommiflions and Alterations by fuch ufurped illegall Au- thority, and the Commiflioners fitting in the New Courts of * Whereupon Juftice are mod really guilty of both thefe high * Treafons ( in fix Judges rer which there are no Acceffories) and leffe excufablc than Stafford tlllcci ro wty* or Canter bury, whom fome of thefe new Iudges and fitting Mem- ^^jg*"* Com~ bers impeached and profecuted to death for thofe very Treafons a£ a° judaCS? themfelves now a&in a more apparent and higher degree than they, and (in refpeft of their Oaths, Covenant, Callings and Pla- ces ) are more obliged to maintaine the Kings Title, the Funda- mentail Lawcs and Government, the Rights and Liberties of.the Kingdome and Parliament then they; and therefore (if they perfevere therein ) may juftly expect the feif-fame capital! pu- nifhments they underwent, if notfarrc worfc ; efpecially (ince they attempt to reduce the antientefi Kingdom of all Chriften.lom, into the punieft and mod contemptible State in all the Wo-ild ; and thereby to render us the raoft infamous, pe> -fid \otu and di fi- ll 3 honour able 125 no. Six Proporti- ons of undou- bted verity. Another Paper. The Hijlory of Independency. Part II. honourable Nation under Heaven, both to the prefent and all fuc- ceeding Ages : which mufl needs make the Contrivers and Abet- ters thereof the mod deteftable Traytors and publique Enemies to their King and native Country that ever this Realme brought forth in any Age, Repent therefore of thefe your treafons, and amend your lives, ifyou expect the leaft hope of pardon from God or Man ; and expiate ail your former high mifdemeanors% by engaging all your power and endeavours to fettle all things in Church and State according to your primitive engagements ; in- ftead of accumulating one fin and Treafon to another, which will prove your certaine ruine in conclusion, not your fafety. About the fame time, and ( it is thought ) from the fame Au- thor came forth a Paper bearing the Title of, # Six Propefitions of undoubted verity^ fit to be confidered in our prefent exigency by all loyall Subjetls and confeientiom Chrifiians. Every Ad of Parliament re- lateth to the firft day of the fame Parliam: but it cannot be, that any A & palled' in i.'TpHat this Parliament is ipfifafio DuTolved by the King's A death ; He being the Head, Beginning and End of the Parliament, called onely by his Writ, to Confer with Him as His Parliament and Councell about urgent affaires, concerning Him and His Kingdome, and fo was it refolved in i Hen, 4. Rot. Pari. n.I. 1 4 H.4. Coke 4. In/lit. p.46. & 4 C.4./.44A the Reignc of K *ng Qharlcs the Second mould relate to the firft day of this Parliament, which happened in th e fixteenth yeare of 'Charles the Firft ; crgo^this Parliament is determined by the death of King £barlcs the Firft. 2. That immediately upon this Parliaments dilTolution by the Kings death, all Commiffions granted by the King, or by one or both Houfes to the Generall or Officers of the Army, the Com- miflioners of the Great Scale of England, Judges of the Kings Courts, Iuftices of Peace, Sheriffs, Excifc-men, Cuftomers, and the like s with all Committees, and Ordinances of one or both Houfes made this Parliament, did actually determine, expire, and become meerly void in Law to all intents and purpofes, and can- not be Continued as good and valid by any Power whatfoever. j. That inftantly after the Kings deceafe, the Impcriall Crownc Pan II. The Bift dry of Independency. 127 Grownc of this Realme of England, and of the Kingdoms, Do- minions, and Rights thereunto belonging, was by inherent Birth- right, andLawfull undoubted fucceflion and defcent actually veiled in the moftllluftrious Charles^ Prince tfWale^ being next lineali Heire of the bloud Royall to his Father KingCharles: and that He is actuall King thereof, before any Ceremony of Coronation, as is refoived in full Parliament, by the Statute of 1 facott, ch. 1. and by all the Indges of FnglandCmcc. Coke 7. Re- port, f. 10, 11. in Ctthins Cafe, Whofe Royall Perfon and Title totheCrowneall loyall Subjects are bound by their Oaths of Supremacy, Allegiance, and Solemne League and Covenant,with their Eftates, Lives, and laft drop of their bloods to maintaine a- gainft all Oppofers. 4. That all Peers of the Realme, Mivors, Sheriffs, chief Offi- cers of Cities and Corporations in this Kingdome, are obliged by their Places and Allegiance, without any delayes or excufes, to declare and proclaime Prince {forks to be rightfull King of England}znd of all Kingdomcs and Rights thereunto belonging ; notwithstanding any illegall prohibitions or menaces to the con- trary by any ufurped Power whatfocver ; under paine of being guilty of High Treafon, and forfeiting their City and Corporati- on Charters,in cafe of fupine neglect or refufall thereof; through feare, terror or atay finift:r refped. 5 . That till King Charles be fctled in his Throne,or give other Order, the prefent Government of the Kingdome is legally ve- fted onely in the Lords and Peers of the Realme, being by Inhe^ ritance, Cuftome and Law in fuch cafe, the Kings and Kingdoms great Councell, to whofe lawfull Commands all other Subjects ought to yeeld ready Obedience. 6. That every profeflcd aclmll endeavour by force or other- wife to alter the fundamental! Monarchical! Government, Laws, and legall Style and proceedings of this Realm; and to introduce any new Government or Arbitrary proceedings contrary there- unto,is no lefle than High Treafon,and fo declared & refoived by the laft Parliam*, in the Cafes of Strafford & Canterbury, the lofTe of whofe Heads (yet frefh in memory ) fhould deterre all others from purfuing their pemitkms courfes and out-fttipping them therein; they being as great, potent, and as farce out of the reach 128 III. A New Stamp for Coyne. IT2. Inflru&ions for the Corni- ce! of State. 113. Powers given to the Conn- cell of State. The Hiftorj ofl&defendcncy* Part II. reach of danger and juftice in humane probability as any of our prefent Grandees. That no Act of Rebellion and Treafon might be nnattempted by this Conventicle, no part of the Regalities of the King, or Peoples Liberties unviolated ; they considered of a New Stamp to be given to all Coyne (for the future) of this Nation. 13. Febr, They confidered of Inftru&ions and Power to be given by way of ComrKifiion to the faid Committee, or Councel of State. 1. For the Government of the two Nations of Eng- land 8c Ireland; appointing a Committee to bring in the Names of thefe Hogens Mogens ; and to perfect their Inftrudions : for, (1) Ordering the Militia. (2) Governing the People, (they were wont to be Governed by knowne Lawes, not by Arbitrary In- ftruclions, and by one King, not by forty Tyrants, mod of them bafe Mechanicks, whofe education never taught them to afpire to more knowledge than the OrUce of a Conttable.) (3) Setting of Trade. ( moft of them have driven a rich Trade in the worke of Reformation for themfelves.) (4) Execution of Lawes, (this was wont to be done by legall fworne Iudges, Iuries, and Of- ficers.) 14. Febr. The Committee reported to the Houfe the Names of the Committee of State, or Lords States Generall. Alfothe Power they were to have, viz,: 1. Power to command and fettle the Militia of England and Ireland. 2. Power to fet forth Ships, and fuch a confiderable Navy as they fhould think fit. 3. Power to appoint Magazines and Stores for the Kingdoms of England and Ireland, and difpofe of them from time to time for the fer- vice of both Nations, as they ftial think fit. 4. Power to fit and execute the feverall powers given for theipaceof one whole yeare ; with many other powers not yet revealed, and daily in- creafed : befides what improvements of power they are able to make hereafter, having the Militia of an Army ( that formidable Hob-goblin ) at their Command. They haw two Seales appoin- ted, a Great Seale, and a Signet. Patents for Sheriffs, and Com- mifllons for Iuftices, and Oathes for both, were reformed accor- ding to the Godly cut. When 120 1 14. An explicato- ry Oath put upon the CounceU of State; fcrupled by fome of the Members, and moderated by Cromwell, in oppofition of the Levellers. Part II. The HiBory of Independency. When the Committee of State was nominated in the Honfe, divers Gentlemen of the beft quality were named; whom they could not omit, becaufe they had fate with them, and concurred in all their great debates: although they had more confidence in thofe petty Feliowes, who had, or would fell their foulcs for gain, to make themlelves Gentlemen,to debarre the faid Gentle- men of quality therefore and make them forbeare, they invented an expurgatory Oath or Shiboleth to be taken by every Member before his initiation, whereby they fhould Declare, That they ap- proved of What the Hottfe of Commons and their High Court of Ju- ftice had done againsl the King, and of their abolifhing of Kingly Govemment^and of the Honfe ofTeers, and that the Legiflative and Supreme power Was Wholly in the Houfe of Commons. 22. Febr: Cromwell (Chairman of that Committee of State ) reported to the Commons, That according to the order oj that Houfe y 19 of the faid Members hadfubferibed to that forme of the Oath as it was ori- ginally penned : but 22. of them fcrupled it^ Whereof all the Lords Were part, not but that they confejfed (except one ) The Commons of England to be the Supreme power of the Ration, or that they would mt live and die With them in What they fiall doe for the future> but could not confirme what they had done in relation to the King an). Lords : fo it was referred to a Committee to confider of an expedient. CromWell ( having made ufe of the Levellers (Afiertors of pub- lique Liberty) to purge the Houfe of Commons, and abolifh the Lords Houfe ) doth now endeavour to caft downe the Levellers once more, finding himfelfe raifed to fo great an height, that he cannot endure to thinke of a levelling equality ; he overfwaies the Councell of Warre, over-awes the Houfe of Commons, and is Chair- man and Ring-leader of the Councell of State: fo that he hath engrofled all the power of England into his owne hands, and is become the Triple King, or Lord Paramount over all the Tyrants of England ; in oppofition therefore to the Levelling thority of Parliament, untill they had made ufe of the Levellers to purge the Houfe of Corn- mons,and make it fubfervient to their ends 5 and abolilTi the Houfe of Lords ; and then they cried up the Supreme Authority of their Houfe of Commons, and decried the Libcrtv ofthe People, and the Levellers who upheld it. So Qhstrks the 5. firft made ufe of the Popes Autho- rity to fubdue the Protefhnts oiGermaJiy, and then ufed an Army of Prorelbnts to fubdue and! imprifon the Pope. S party, 115. Cromwcls ufur- ped power. When the Houfe ofCom- mons oppofed (JromweUs and Iretous decern?. they cried up the Liberty of the People, and ecricd the An- 1 30 The Hiftorj oflndeftndenef. Part IL party, and for the upholding his owne more Lordly Intcreft, he procured an expedient to Alter and Reforme the faid Oath, which at lalt palled in this forme following : February the 22. 164??. i T 6, TA.B, beirg nominated a Member of the Jounce/I of State by this The forme of Xprefent Parliament, doe tefiifie, that I doe adhere to this pre fent the laid refor- Parliament, in the maintenance and defence of the publique liberty med Oath. andficedome of this Nation as it is now Declared by this Parliament % (by Vrhofe Authority lam conftituteda Member of the faid Conn- cell) and in the maintenance and defence of their refolutions concer- ning the fetling of the Government of this Nation for the future, in way of a Republique Without King or Houfe of Peers, and I dot pro- mlfe in the fight of Cjod, that {through his Grace) I Will be faith full in performance of the truft committed to me as aforefaid, and therein faithfully purfue the Inftrullions given to the faid (founcell by thU Her? vou fee a Pr£f€nt Parliament • and not reveale or difclofe any thing in whole or curtaine drawn in part, direllly, or indireclly, that fhal-l be debated or refolved upon between the eys in the Qouncell, without the command or direction of the Parliament ■, of the people & or without the order or allowance of the major part of the Councell, or the cUndeftme ^^ ma pay( fyftfam t^at y^// ye pref€nt atfuch Debates or Re- machmations i , . J rr J . r . -rni * r Lr •/ j and aaincrs of f^Httom '•' In confirmation of the premtjes, I have hereto jubjenbt >d this Council, my Name.. . 117. The C: of War About this time it was debated at the Councell of Warre to debate to maf- Mafiacre and put to the Sword all the King's Tarty. The Que- Hny%\t\vnl fton put, was carried in the Negative but by two Voices. You Scdgmd{sljii- fee what Furies purfue thefe finfnll Wretches, and what dangc- (tkc upon the rous rocks they dadvupon, in'orderto that bafe and cowardly Armies Remon- principle of Self pre fervation. fiunce.-] Thc Army hath jn every Qomty 0f England packs of fchif- ~ * l r „ maticall Beagles, whom they hollow on to hunt in full crie ( by Petitions for z Petitions to the Houfe) after the bloud of fuch whom they defign or 3 principal for (laughter. Many Petitions have been lately prefented, That Gentlemen in two or three principal Gentlemen of the King's Party (by name)m each County to Mc& County, miqht be facrificed to fuftke, whereby the Land might be brought to h€faedfiem blwd-gHiltmejfe, JuiUc'J 6 Divers Part IT. The Hiftory oflndeftndcncf. 131 Divers Merchants have contracted to fend forth feverall Ships 1 1 9* for the next Summers Fleet, at their ovvne charge. Mawhami ar- The prodigious High Court of Juftice was revived in order to ^"^^^ theTriallof theEarleof Holland, the Earle of Cambridge ■, the p^L Earl of Norwich, the Lord Capel} and Sir John Owens ; the Com- \ 20# miflioners were changed ( that they may engage as many men in The High arbitrary, illcgall tyranny and bloud-fhed as they can.) Court or Ju- Hamilton was exceedingly importuned by Cromwell (who fticc revived. tooke a journey to Windsor purpofely ) to name fuck Members of * 2 * ' f Parliament and Citizens ei King: and he doubted that to undertake fo odious an office as "Pon : Dukc to play the Devils part,and be an Accufer of his Brethren, would * but fet a glofle upon the Independents intended feverity againft him. Being brought to St. James's in order to his Try all, Crom~ *>*//( hoping to traineh«m to a confefllon ) caufedall his Crea- tures to carry a favourable countenance to him. Bradjbafo fmoo- thed him up wich foft language at the Barre ; the Lord Gray of Gree'j Co\: Pfajte, and Hugh Peters, gave him hopes that they would not much obit rucl: his pretended Plea of Quarter from Lambirt upon Articles, Peters avouched Quarter lo given by Lambert ; notwithstanding Colont 1 Wayte ( when he made Re- port to the Houfe of Commons how he took him ) affirmed He jeilded at difcretton, and Lambert was not then neer him : after this Peters gives Hamilton a Vifit, who gives Peters thanks and mony to boot for his late favour done him in Court; and knowing *^*rfj /Y^t him to be an Inftrument of £W\*W/j, imployed him as hfs So'i- ex:ovted for citor to the Members of the Houfe and Army. Peters prayes for feare of deuh, Hamilton openly as his Lord & Patronftil feeding him with hopes, and hoPc °f If he would Impeach their Oppojites : yet ftill he waved this,ofTering liK 1S vvorth ? them ioooool. for his life, and often inculcating what fervices he ^tj at Ms" would do them in Scotland-, for which purpofe he offered to joyn death,he had Interests with ^Argjle, and be a Servant to their Party. Meffen- been much gers were polled into Scotland to know Argyles pleafure : But he Prefle<1 > yet had been over-reached formerly by Hamilton, & he was refolved ^named no to admit no Competitor, which would have eclipfed his great- J^te S 2 neffe, When Hamil ton was upon 132 The Hiftory ef Independency. Part II. neffe,and have made him not the fole Patron of Scoti/h Indepen- dency : Bcfides, the. Kirke fo farre hated Hamilton that they preached off his Head in Scotland, before it was cut off in Eng- land: the High Court of Jullice lingered long in expectation of an Anfwer ; at lad fuch a one came as decried all reconciliation with Hamilton-, whereupon the fcehe was altered prefently,#r^- Jbaiv handled him roughly at the Bzr,Mar.6* Thofe which fmiled on him before, frowned now ; being asked what he could fay ? he pleaded Quarter ; and vouched Teters Tcftimony : who with a brazen face renounced his former Teftimony, faying, He now re- membred no fuch matter, but that the Army jcorned to give quarter the Scaffold, to him, or any of his lotion : whereupon, he was condemned to divers Officers the Block ; which Sentence was executed upon him, March 9. of the Arn^> yet they fed Hamilton with vaine hopes to the laft gafp, for feare tors cmfverfed **e ^10U^ §'ve t}ory t0 God,and throw flume and infamy upon familiarly with themfelves by a Chriflian confeffion of his, Argyles, and their hinvo the Iaftj mutuall vilanies : befides, fuch a Difcovery would have made and Mejfen- Argyle lefTe ferviceable to them in Scotland, whofe next defigne is gers palled tQ ^aj0je tfe Kirke by feeming an Enemy to the Sectaries of Sng- landy and pretending to ferve the Presbyterian Intereft. Thus I conclude the Tragedy of Duke Hamilton. 1 2 2. & opposition to whom, I will briefly relate the Tragedy of The Deuh of the noble Lord Cape/, a Gentleman of great courage and inte- rim Ld £>/> were onely in order to their Interefts of will and power* That they place theft" fecurity in the divifwns of the People. That if the prefent Houfe of Commons fhould never fo little croffe the ambition of thefe Grandees, they would fhew no more modefty to them than they have done to the excluded Members : And fo it concludes with a Proteftation againft their breaking the Faith of the Army with all Parties, their diflblving the Councell of Agitators, and ufurping a power of giving forth the fenfe of the Army againft the Parliament and People, againft their* footing to death the Sonldier At Ware^ and their cruelties exercifed upon other Perfons, to the debafing of their Spirits, and thereby new- moulding the Army to their Defignes : againft their playing faft and loofe with the King and His Party, tilTthey had brought a new and dangerous Warre upon this Nation. They alfo proteft againft their dilTembled Repentances, againft their late extraordinary proceedings in Bringing the Army upon the City, ( to the mine of Trade ) their breaking the Houfe of Commons in pieces, without Charging the Members particular- ly, and then judging and taking away mens lives in an extraordi- nary way, as done for no other end but to make way for their ovvne abfolute Domination. They alfo proteft againft the Ele- ction and eftablifhment of thofe High Courts of Iuftice, as unjuft in themfelves, and of dangerous precedent in time to come 5 as likewife againft the Councell of State,and putting fome of them- felves therein, contrary to their owne Agreement. They alfo proteft againft all other the like Meetings of thofe Officers, that on Thurfday,2.Ff£. Voted for fo bloody a Law,as to hang whom they fhould judge difturbed the Army, as having no power ei- ther by fuch Counccls to give the fenfe of the Army, or to judge any Perfon not of the Army, or to doe any thing in reference to the Common-wealth. About this time alfo became publique a pretty Book, entituled [The Httntiw of the Foxes from 2{ew-market and Triploe to White-hall by$ fmall Beagles f\ which tells you, That the Gran- dee-Officers of the Army tokeep theSouldiers quiet did for- malize about an Agreement of the People whilft they carried on rheir platforme of abfolute tyranny ( long fince hatched by he- ton) by erecting a Councell of State : no fooncr was this monfter borne, Part IT. The Hittory of Independency. 137 borne, but it devoured half the Parliament of England, and now it is adorning it felfwith Regall magnificence, and majcfly of courtly Attendants, and like the 30 Tyrants ofzAthtns, to head it felfover the People; this is, and yet this is not our new in- tended King, there is a King to fucceed, this is but his Viceroy. OCremwelll whither art thou afpiring ? the word is already- given out amongtt their Officers, That this T^ation mufl have one prime Magiftrate or Ruler over them, and that the General? hath power to^makl a Law to bind all the Comons of England : This was mod daringly and defperately avowed at White-halL and to this temper thefe Court Officers are now a moulding : He that runs may read & fore- fee a new Regality, thus by their Machiavilian pretences & wicked practifes, they arc become Matters & Usur- pers of the name of the Army, & of the name of the Parliament, under which Vifors they have levelled and deftroyed all the Au- thority of this Nation ; for, the Parliament indeed and in truth is no Parliament, but a Reprcfentative Glade of the Counceil of Warre ; and the Counceil of Warre but a Reprefentative of Cromwell, Ire ton, and Harrifon : and thefe are the All in All of the 7\(ation, which under theguifes and names of Parliament, Army, general! Counceil, High Court, and Counceil of State, play all the Itrange pranks that are played. And further, p.i g. The conclave of Officers have fucked in the venomc of all former corrupt Courts and Intcrefts, the High Commijfion, Starre-£ktmber, the Houfe of Lords, the King and his privy Counceil, are all alive in that The Houfe by Court call ?d, The Cj ener all Counceil of the cc. flood upon it, That He was accountable to none but god, that He l648. voted3 was above the Parliament and people ; and to whom will thefe T^e ^iw&'f men be accountable ? to none on earth : and are they not above CZr^ii°%c the Parliament? they have even a Negative Voice thereover, And the Army formerly the Commons could paffe nothing without the Houfe feau-ed & cx- of Lords, and now they dare pafle nothing without the concur- PeIled 2 *.°- rence of the conclave of Officers : we were formerly ruled by ^em^stor^ King, Lords, and Commons ; now by a generally Court CMartiall, voTe^ccordin^ and Houfe of Commons : what is the difference f the Lords were ro their confc£ encesj and o- ver-ruled tbofc few they left fitting to unvote in thin a Houfe, what was voted in a full Houfe > this is more than to ufurp a Negative Voice over them ; retun>e to fed. 18. 25.18. T not 138 The Hijlory of Independency. Part 1 1. not Members both oftheHoufe of Peers, and of the Houfeof Commons ; but the Officers, (our martial! Lords) are Members bochinthe Houfe, or Councell of Officers, and in the Houfe of Commons, we have not the change of a Kingdome to a Com- mon-wealth ; we are only under the old cheat, A tranfmutation cf Names, but with the addition of new Tyrannies, for cafting out one uncleane Spirit, they have brought tyith them in his ft ead [even other umleane Spirits more wicked than the former, and they have entere din and dwell there, and the laft ft ate of this Commonwealth isworfethan thefirft. Laftly, they fet downe fome illegall procee- dings and Examinations before the Ceuncell ofWarre, exceeding the High Commiffion, and Starr e- Chamber* 1 27. Thefe three Books (hew the late endeavours of the Agitators, The Authors and thu party which the Gr^W^/ politickly mif-call ( to'caft an TfU\l °* thC odium upon them ) Levellers • they are the trued AfTertors of hu- mane liberty, and the mod conftant and faithfull to their Prin- cip!es,and party of any in the Army ; and though they have many redundancies and fupcrfluous Opinions fit to be pruned ofFby converting with difcreet honeft Men, or rather by a difcreet and juft publique Authority, ( which I am confident is feasible, fince their principles concenter in the publique \ not in their owne pri- vate Interefts and Opinions, and are.no otherwaies changable than conduceth with the emergent occafions of the Common-wealth) yet they are but like the water-boughs of. a healthy fruit Tree, rather trcublefome than dangerous,whereas the defignes of cheir Antagonilts ( like rocks under water, or poyfon ia well-cooked meat) deftroy before they arc difcovered. 1 2 £. Abouc this, time arofe a Phoenix out of His Majefties Afhes, The Authors that moLt excellent IiTue of His Brayne, Entituled, QThe Pour- ccnU-.icctHis TRAIcture Of HIS S A C R 8 D CM A? E S TT In Majeft'esPo/i- H SoLITUDES and Sufferings.] A Book full fraught cntiiulcd, [The With Wujdome, Divine and Humane, [hewing Him to be more than Pounmiciurc 0} Conqutrour of His Enemies in His rare Chriftian patience andcha- His 6'acnd Ma- rity ; the very reading of it aggravateth our lojfe of foGracious jejty in Hit So- and excellent a /V/^, that had learned the whole method of triZ hum*ne ptrfeclhn in the fchoole of adverfity. Hero I and h\s Jewes never perfecuted thrift m\\\s fwadhng-clouts with more indu* ■ ttrious malice, then the Antimonacchicall Independent F aft ion, this-, Part II. The Hijlory of Independency . 139 this Book in the Prefles and Shops, that foould bring it forth into the world, knowing that as the remembrance of Heaven ftrikes a honor into us of Hell, So the contemplation of hit virtues will teach Hi to abhorre their vices. March 8. 1648. The Commons afTented to a new Forme of a 1 29# Writ for election ef Knights and Barge fes for the Parliament. Writs^Eie- But three dayes before it was reported to the Houfe from the ^.[ons cjian, Councell of State, what number of Horfe and Foot they thought ged. fit to be kept up for the fervice of England and Ireland, and the 130. Monthly charge, which eftimated comes to 1 6ocoolper menfem. A new efh- You fee we are likely to finde thefe our new Lords fuch gracious bJljhfent foL Matters to u?, that (as the fecend part of Englands new Chaines porte(j tc/the faith) We foal have Taxesjhotigh we have neither Trade mr Bread. Houfe from In the Earle of Etfex time ( when the Warre was at the higheft ) oar ncv/ Ma- the Monthly Tax came but to 54 cool, a Month, yet had we then &®s tfieCo'un-' levenor eight Brigades befides his Army and Garrifons : but ce ace* that the Faction of Saints may carry on the worke of a thorow Reformation in our Purfes, as well as they have done in the Church & Common-wealth, they firft raifed the Tax to 60000I. a Month for £ngland3bctidcs 2000ol.a Month pretended for Ire- land ( but I believe little of it flips through their fanclified fingers to go thither.) And now ( to fliew they can ufe double dealing againft the Ungodly)they would double the fumm from 80000I. to 1 60000I. a Month ; this is to breake our hearts with poverty, and make them take what impreflions of flavery they pleafeto fet upon them; this Conventicle of State will engroife all the Coyne and Treafure of the Land into their owne handstand then fubdueus therewith, and make us (like favllh Egyptians) fell our Selves and our Lands for Bread, or money to bny Bread, when (that infcparable companion of a long warre) T amine approa- cheth, which their barbarous and illegall Sequeftrations (unlock- ing mens Farmes and laying them watt ) will inevitably brin^ up- on us ; they have more hope to fubduc and leiTen the number of their Oppofites by famine and want, than by the SWord ; in order to which, they havedettroyed the Trade of the City,and undone multitudes of Trades-men , who being difabled to pay their Taxes, the Army caufe all their Arreares to be leavicd upon the City by a new Tax upon the relt of the Inhabitants and the Out- T a land- W: 14.0 The Hiflory ef Independency. Part II. landlords ; and when Cromwell was told, this would undoe the Cilj) ric aniwered, It "toas no matter, the m$re were undone, the more Would clap Swords to their fides and come in to the zArmy : you fee Souldicry is intended to be the chief Trade. j , K March 17. 1648. The empty Houfc of Commons in farther An Ad for profecution of their faid Defigne, and to pleafe their Matters of Aboliihingthc the Army, palled, printed, and published in the forme and ftyle Kingly Of- 0f a Statute this Paper following : entituled, An Act for the Abolifnng the Kingly Office in England, Ireland, and the Dominions thereto belonging, 'Hereas Charles Stuart late King of England 5 Ireland, and the Territories And Dominions there- unto belonging, hath by Authority derived from Parlia- ment^ been, and is hereby declared to be jrtftly condemned, hw the Crown fudged to die and put to death, f "or many treafons, mur- cur« all it- tbers, and other hainous offences committed by him, by feds show can which Judgement he flood and is hereby declared to be at- the King s • r / • / r 1 1 1 • rr in bloudbeat- tainted of High Treajon, whereby his Jjjue ana Pojterity, tainted? an d all others fret ending Title under him, are become un- eatable of the faid Crowns, or of being King or Queen of the faid Kingdome or Dominions, or either or any of them : Be it therefore Enacted and Ordained, and it is Ena- We hive fworn &ed > Ordained, and Declared , by this pre fent Parlia- faith & Allegi- ment , and by ^Authority thereof, That all the peoples Sffirftfffi? ^/England and Ireland, and the Dominions and Terr it 0- lawfull Heyrcs ries t hereunto belonging, of what degree or condition fo~ and Succeflor*, ever, are df charged of all Fealty, Homage and Allegiance ^■ccordedTn which is orjhallbe pretended to be due unto any of the Iffue Heaven, from and Pojlerity of the faid late King, or any claiming under won^aXan him*> and that Charles Stuart eldefi Sonne, and James abfolve us. See called Duke of Yorke, fecond Sonne, and all other the^j ihc . Oathcs of Alleghnce, Obedience, and Supremacy. The Statute of Recognition, 1 $ac. but the Com- mons arc now fo Supreme, as in imitation of the Pope to brin* this Chafe in p:\ic~tife, Licet d: jureuon pojjumm, tamen pro plcnitudine potcjlatis iwftw voluntas, &c» Part II. The Hifiory of Independency. 1 4 x Iffue and Pofierityofbimtbefaid late King, and a 11 and even perfon and per fens pretending Title from^ by, or un- der mm, are and be di fabled to hold or enjoy tbejatd Crown of England and Ireland, and other the Dominions there- A!ld£iLa*« J p , • r 1 1 , ,, , cut °ff by the unto belongings any of them 5 or to have the Name, Title, non vbfime of Stile or Dignity of King or Queen cf England & Ireland, an 8tfaPart of the Houfe of s fit- Prince of Wales, or any of them • or to have and enjoy the Common. . power and Dominion of the f aid Kingdoms and Dominions, ting under a or any of them, or the Honors, Manors, Lands, Tenements, ^- P off ef ions, and Hereditaments belonging or appertaining 1000 years ex* to thefaidCrowne of England and Ireland, and other the P*«enceitnnw Dominions aforefaid, or to any of "them h or to the Prinei- Serous. pality of Wales, Dutchy of Lancafter or Cornwall, or The° Engli/ii any or either of them, Any Law, Statute, Ordinance, Ufave ';VC,!C ncver on-e J J -, J > c ■ r ■ 1 n ° hair-quarter fo or Cuslome to the contrary hereof in any wije notwithftan- much enfl vei ding: And whereas it is and bath been found by experi- hnctiViHim ence,that the office of a King in this Nation and Ireland, th?2\Tl, and to have the power thereof in any fingle Perfon, is un- as they have ' neceffary^ burthen feme and dangerous to the liberty, fafety becn ,finTce oVl" r 1 1 - • a f 1 / j j r J 1 n ^'^ the B. ewer andpubltque intereft of the people y and that for the mofv fubjugated part, ufe hath been made of the Regali power and preroga- them, five, to oppreffe, impovenfh and enflave the Subject •, and that ufually and naturally any one perfon in fuch power ', makes it his interesi to incroach upon the jujl freedome and liberty of the People, and to promote the Jetting up of their ewne Will and power above the Lawes, that fo they might enflave thefe Kingdoms to their owne LuB : * Be it there- * Bat i[l a fore Enacted and Ordained by this prefent Parliament, and s™coi\ou by Authority of the fame, That the office of a King intbU Tyrants fitting Nation, fh all not henceforth re fide in, or be exercifedby UI^ei* :he Pro~ any one fingle Perfon • and that no one perfon whatsoever , awcofo/Lc/, jhall, or may have, or hold the Office, Stile ', Dignity, Power §r Authority of King of the faid Kingdoms and Domini- 1 3 MS, 142 TheHiftcry of Independency. Part II. ons, or any of them, or of the Prince of Wales, Any Law, Statute, Ufage or Cuflome to the contrary thereof in any wife notwithstanding. And it is hereby Enacted, That if any perfon or perfons fliall endeavour to attempt by force of Armes-y or otherwife, or be ayding, *fi fling, comforting or abetting, unto any p erf on or perfons that full bj any waies or ?neanes whatfoever, endeavour or attempt the reviving or fetting up againe of any pretended Right of the f aid Charles, eldejl Sonne to the faid late Kingy James called Duke of Yorke, or of any other the Jffue and Pofierity of the faid late King, or of any per f on or perfons claiming un- der him or them, to the faid Regall office y Stile, Dignity, High ncafon cr Authority > or to be Prince of Wales ; or the promoting Le^flative of any one perfon whatfoever, to the Name, Stile, Dignity, Thieves lilt to Power, Prerogative or Authority , of King ^/England and mafcch3anAr- \xc\znd, and Dominions af ore faid, or any of them ^ That notwithftan- ' then ever j fuch offence full be deemed and adjudged High ding the Snt. Treafon, and the Offenders therein, their Counfellors, Pro- 2*^t? daf- curers-i Ayders and Abettors, being convicted of the faid certaining of Offence, or any of them ^ fhall be deemed and adjudged Tray- Trcafons, For t or s a gain ft the Parliament and People ^/England, and People! °Tybc- fii&ll faff er ,lofe and forfeit yand have fuch like and the fame rim and Ncro\ paines, forfeitures, judgements and execution, as is u fed in daies are fallen cajj, 0j: ^^ Tyeafon : And whereas by the abolition of the which faciw, Kingly Office provided for in this Afl, a moji happy way jngens crimen ^ madc for this Nation (if God fee it good) toreturneto iumm^ZZ' ifs jufi wdantient right of being Governed by its owne Mumdccufhio- Reprefentatives or Nationall meetings in Counccll*, numjafi'iujc- fiY9rn timt^0 time ch0fm and entrufled r for that purpofe by * Wi: en wns England, governed bv their ovvnc Reprcfcntative ? or had any other regliment then Kings ? Bat what the Legiflative Conventicle declares, we muft believe though contrary to our knowledge. .They will lead our faith and rcafon in a ft.ingjOr have our necks in a halter. A period to this Parliament and leave the Supreme power in the Counccll of State, a defigne long fmce attempted. See 1. and 1 part ofEvglands New CbiiHch and the Hunting of the Fexcr. No obedience is due by Law to the^n, which takes no notice of this forme of Government. the Part II. The Hiftory of Independency* 143 the People • // is therefore Refolved and Declared by the Commons affembledin Parliament, that they vpiHput a pe- riod to the fitting of this prefent Parliament,*** d;j[olve the fame fo foon as maypofibly fland with the fafety of the people that hath betrufted them, and with what is abfolntely neceffary for the preferring and upholding the Govern- ment nowfetledin the way of a Common- wealth h and that they will carefully provide for the certain chufing, meeting and fitting of the next and future Reprefentatives, with fuch other circnmflances of freedom in choice and equality in diflribution of CM embers to be eletfed thereunto, as pall mofl conduce to the la/ling freedeme and good of this Com- monwealth : i^And it is hereby further Enaffied and De- clared, notmthftandmg any thing contained in this Acf7 no p erf on orperfons of what condition and quality foever, within the Common- wealth of "England and Ireland, Do- minion fl/ Wales, the Jjlands 0/Guernfey and Jerky, and Towne of Berwick upon Tweed, fhallbe difcharged from the obedience and fubjecSion which he and they owe to the Government of this Nation, as it is now Declared, but all and every of them Jhall in all things render and per for me the fame, as of right is due unto the Supreme Authority* hereby declared to refide in this and the fucce five Repre* fentatives of the People of this Nation, and in them onely. About the fame time they pafled another A rdrtiak*. Houfe or pLcevihatfoever, as a Houfe of Lords -0 nor f?all fit ^ vote, ^^n:hc " . advife* 144 The Hiflory of Independency. Part II. advife, adjudge, or determine of any matter or thing whatfoever, as a. Houfe of Lords in Parliament. T^jvertheleffe it is hereby Declared, That neith-erfuch Lords as have demeaned themfelves with honour , courage, fidelity to the Common- wealth, nor their Pofierities Veho Jhall fe continue, {hall be excluded from the publique Councels of the 2^- tion, but flail be admitted thereunto ,and have their free Vote in Par- liament if they /hall be thereunto Steeled, as other Perfons of inter eft eletled and qualified thereunto ought to have : And be it farther Or- dained and Snattedby the Authority aforefaid, that no Peere of this Land not being Steeled, qualified,and fitting in Parliament, as afore* * 1 2 2 f**h /hall claime,have, or make ufe of any Priviledge of Parliament, A Declaration e u^e r in relation to his perfon, quality or estate, any La\\>ej, Vfage or of the Com- Cuftome to the contrary notwithftanding. mons, to fhew [heif ra>nS°f Anc* t0 *e^en C^e amazcrncnt of thc People,the fame day they ceedin^s. prc paflfed and Ordered to be printed a Booke, called, [_A Declara- Thc State is t ion of the Parliament of England, exprefftng the grounds of their Free, but the late proceedings, andoffetling the prefent Government in the way People Slaves ; 0fa Free-State : ]| when they formerly parted the 4. Votes for m free, but the more A<*drefies to our late King, they feconded it with a Decla- Rowers Slaves, ration, to /hew the Reafons ofthofe Votes, wherein they fet forth no ipar.f.7x,7?. new matter but what they had formerly in parcels objected a- See thcfeBooks gainft Him; and yet they have fince that time made Addreffes to [A full AiifacY him, and both taken & caufed others to take the Oaths of Alle- ympbtemi- 2iancc & SuPremacy> and thc Protection & Covenant to defend tuled, A iecLof Hi* Perfon and Authority, &c. And in this Declaration there is no the Commons new objection of moment, but what isconteincd in the former oj England.] Declaration againft Him ; and as I looked upon the firfl Decla- iTbe Charge a- mjon as a prol0gHC, fo I looke upon this lasl as thc Epilogue to f/fZrgcl",g m MajefiiesTragedy. The whole matter of charge in both of IThcRoyilland them hath been furficiently Anfwered in feverall Books, and ei- Reyaiifts Plea,] ther confuted or juftified, to which I refer the Reader ; whom I [Ring Charles Wl\\ on|v trouble with fome few fhort Obfervations of my owne And ms Maj! uPon ic : (M-)The Parliamcnt(in imitation of their Matters, the laftBook or Councell of Officers) pretend a neceffity to change the fundamen- *Pourtraicfure. tall Government into a Free-State, to prevent Tyranny, Injuftice, And HU Maj: m^ #^ &c. ( I doubt rather to promote them.) Ic affirmeth, Cracim Mcjja- , 15,16.) That Offices of Inheritance are forfeited by Breach of Its for Peace- iri J' y * J J J J T J Part IT. The Hiftory of Independency . Trttft, (a condition annexed to every Office) and feems to imply as much of the Kingly Office : but this Pen- man had forgot, that by the Law the Croftne takes array all defetls, and the King being Supreme Head andGovernour over all Perfons, and in all Caufes, it were abfurd to make Him accountable to any Authority ; for in fuch cafe, that Authority would be Supreme to Him, and fo erect two Supremes one jarring and interfering with the other, which in Law and Policy is as abfurd as to fuppofe two Almighties or Infinities in Divinity,which cannot be,for that one Infinity would terminate another : Impoffibile etfe plura Infinite, qmniam alte- ram efet in altere finltum, faith Cnfanus* (pag. 16.) The Decla- rers play the Orators in behalf of the felicity of Government by Tree- States, rather than by Kings and Trine es. This is a fpacious field to walk in, I will onely cite fome learned Authors living in Republiques of a contrary opinion,and fend my Readers to them for their Arguments. It applauds the prosperity and good Govern- njentoHheSWitzi which (I think was never commended be- fore ) a grofle-witted People, living in a confufed way of Go- vernment, where virtue and induftry find no reward, the Rich become a daily pray to the Poore, and their popular Tribunes, who uphold their credits by calumniating the wealthy, and con- fifcatirg (or fequeftring) their Eftates, the beft wealth of this Na- tion is Penfions from Neighbour Princes, to whom they let their Bloud to Hire, and become Mercinaries many times to the ex- treame dammage and ( if their Country were worth fubduing) danger of the State. For Venice it is an zArislocracj (if not Olj- garchy) of many petty Kings, fo burdenfome to all their Subjects upon Terra firma, that they dare not trufl. them without Qitadals to keep them under; they never confide in any of their number or Natives to be Comander in Chief of their Land Forces, fea- ring to be tyrannized over by a Cromwell or an Ire ton, or by forac property fubordinate to them in all but Title. ThtOllor- lacky, and many Inhabitants of Dalmatia, and Candia, have lately preferred the Turkifh Government before theirs. As for the Low Countries^ (their neereft example ) perufe Barnaveh's Apology^ and many good Hiftories. For Rome, from their Regifugwtruy they were never free from Civill Warres,ceceflious Tumults,and changes of Government 3 firft to Patrician Confulls, Regiapote. U ft Ate ; *4? See Greg; Tba- Ufanu53l. prA. t . Jfrclteriv: Sifte- mipol.l.i.Cont- ^enii. I. politic- 1 , aeap.17.1dc.15 and m-iny gooJ Authors quo- ted by hkn. CMceccnilU or%- tioncm ad An- guftumy apiid Viomm Caffium, l^S the Hiftory of Independent f. Part II. fiate ; then to promifcuous Confuls ( Tlebtyans as well as Patri- tinns) with popular Tribunes to controule them; then to De- cemviri I e gib its Scribenciis j then to Tribuni m Hit ares confulari po- tefiate, Delators upon all fpeciall occafions, fometime^ an Ari- fivcracy, fometimes a Democracy, between two Faxons Patritian and Pltbeyan. And never could that unhappy Idoll of the nul- tkude [_Liberty2 find anytime of fetled reft and Government untill their giddy Republique was overthrowne by Julius Ctfar, and turned into a Monarchy by Auguflus, which approved O*- tippus faying, Vitiojum Reipub: fiat urn exigere Manor cUam ; and See fome ^ Au- then ( and not till then ) Rome came to his height of Glory and thonttes cited Dominion, and continued fo a lon^ time, fomerimes ernpayred verbatim in ihe , . • fr ^ 5 #• • • • • • firftPage. by the vices of fome Emperors, and fometimes repaired by the virtues of others : he that reads Livy and Tally's Orations, with many other Authors, (hall find how infinite corrupt the People were, both in making and executing Lawes, in difpenfing Jufticc both Diftributive and Commutative; what Complaints, that their comitia were venalia ; what Bulworks they were faine to erecl againft th« ambition and covetoufneffe of their Great men; Leges Ambitus, leges Repetundarum^peculatus • all to no purpofe: the great abufe of Solicitors and Undertakers in every Trybcjls contracted for fuffrages : the Domeftick ufe of their Nomencla- torsy their Prehenfations, Invitations, Clientihips ; their killings and fhaking hands (even from the greateft Perfonages ) proftitu- tcd to every Cobler and Tinker • their coftly publique Shewes and fpe&acles to woe the Rabble ; he that reads obfervingly {ball find that ambition and cwetsufneffe (nurfes of all corrupti- on) were the befr part of the wifdome and induftry of that Re- publique untill it came to be a OVlonarchy, and (hall farther find, that thofe corrupt manners and cuftomes which the People(frora the higheft to the loweft ) had contracted during the feverall li- centious Alterations of their Common- wealth, from one forme of Republique to another: were ( like a fccond nature ) not to be corrected by the better difcipline of a. Monarchy, and (at laft) ©ccafioned theruineofthat Monarchy, together with thedefo- lation of that Nation, which (hewes, that Monarchy (with which their Nation began) was their natural! and genuine Government, when k could not be taken away fine inter itu fubjecti, without the Part II. The Mflory of Independency. 1 47 the rube of the whole fubjecl: matter, (p. 1 1 .) It is faid, It hath been latily cemputedythat the Court purvey v-cet (notwithftandmg many good Liwes to the contrary ) cofl the Country more in one yeare, than their Affefments to the Army ; what ? above I oooool. a month, when the charge of the Kin G'sHoufe- keeping came but to 50000I .a yeare : (I fpeake not or Wages and Penfions ) I know not who fhould make this computationjUnleflj old Sr Hen- ry Fane, and his Man Cornelius Holland, ( the latter of which was turned out of his Office in the Green-cloth for abufing his Place) not in whofe time of employment (unlelfe their owne) fuch pro- digious abufes fhould happen, (p. 19. ) It is faid, The legall and The KingsRe- ytftifiable Revenue of the Qrownefell jhort of iOOOOol. per annum : venue by a me- I perceive this is all the Account the Common- wealth is likely din** of 7 ycus to have from the Committee of the Kings, Queens, and Princes ™J£JJ/ Revenue ; nor doe I know what a pruning hooke that phrafe ( legall Revenue Jmay prove : But I conceived all that Q^EUza- beth, the Kings Father and Himfelf received, bad been His Reve- nue dejure; 1 am fure it was de facto, and the Parliament in their Declarations promifed to fettle a better Revenue upon Him than any of His Anceft or s enjoyed: neither did this,nor any former Par- liament complaine, that His Purfe was growne too full, or His Re- venue t»ofulfbme : and if the Committee of the Revenues had enjoyed no more but their own legall and juftifiable Revenue, fo many of the King's Servants and Creditors had not ftarved for want of their owne. (p. 19.) They very much aggravate Mo- nopolies, Patents, and projects ; I wonder they furTer fo many Men guilty in that kind to fit in their Houfe, old Sir Henry Vane* Sir Henry CMyldmay, Sir John Hypfley, Cornelius Holland, Lau-> rence whytakers, &c. (p. 20J They fpeake againft the Lords Ne- , part 0f EuT m gative Voice, but not a word againft the Councell of Warres Ne- lands New gative Voice, who march up in hoftile manner againft Parliament Chaines ciii- and City, and fecure, feclude, and drive away 250 Members at covered,> Sec- one time, if they vote any thing contrary to their Intereft. They |fo h^1"1" fpeak likewifc againft the Lords fuditiall power over Commoners, return to £117. but have forgot what unjuft and illegal ufe thcmfelves attempted to make of the Lords jurifdiclion againft the 1 1 impeachedMcm- 1 Part/eft.^, bers, the 4 Aldermen, and Citizens, (p. 21. J They excufc their 46,47,43,4?, receding from their Declaration of *April9 1646. ( they might 5°' 5I ^z> U2 have 5M4' , 1 4$ The Hiftory of Indepndcnif. Part IL have minded you of a Vote of a later Date,had it made for their V\xx\€)for Governing the Kingdome by King, Lords, and Commons. To this it is faid, the King nor Lords could tak* no advantage there- ofbeing a contract they never confented unto, indeed it was never prefented to them ; but I {hill aske whether the people may not take advantage thereof? for whofefatisfa&ion this was Decla- red, (a generall grudge being then amongft them) that the Parlia- ment and for all Treafon is, £rimen Ufa majeflatis^ - contra debitam ligeanciam, .Therefore where(by the known Laws) no Allegiance is, there is no Treafon. Laftly, if our prefent Laws be fo confident with the Republique, I defire to know why they did not Trie the 4 Lords legally at the Common Law by their Peeres, and Sir John Owen by a Jury of 12 Men of the Neigh- bourhood, according to Magna Charta, and other good Laws ? but were faine to put a Legislative Trick upon them, and erect fuchaCourt for the Triall of them as was never heard of in England before, nor hath no place in our Government. They conclude (p. 26.) That as thej have not inter medled with the af- faires and Government of other States, fo ( they hope) none will in- termeddle With them : This Aflertion is as true as the reft, it being well knowne, that for about 3 years laft pafsJd they have boafted, That they have many Agents in France, who under colour of Merchandife,vent Antimonarchicall & Anarchicall Tenents, and fow feeds of Popular Liberty amongft the poore Peafants and Hugonotsof France3\\hkl\ they brag profpered well there ; their very declared principles and doctrine of tfcer Pulpilts and Army U 3 are, , 150 The Bijlory cfUdefendencf. Part IL 2tr€)Tbdt they muft break the Powers of the Earth in pieces. Monar- chy muft down all the world over, firft in England, then this Ar- my muft put over and manumit the Peafants of France f\iz Boors of Germany, &c. And divers of this Party have reported, that they have fnpplied the Revolters of France with mo%ey ; their Licen- ced News-books are full of this Docl:rine,aiid of many invcdivcs againft the Tyranny of the Trench King. 154. Such were their proceedings againft the King, or rather againft mrvy Matin's Kingly government, which was cut off by the fame Axe that mur- ^ldj5mcm °* thercd the King, and was (indeed) firft in their intention, though kLgly Go" *a'* in execution ; as appeareth by Harry CMartins Speech in the vernmem. Houfe upon the Debate, Whether a King,or no King * That if they muft have a King, he had rather have had the laft than any Gentle- man in England .? he found no fault in His "Per/on, but in Bit Office. !^# The King had offended the Papifts in the laft Treaty, by TheCouncell granting fo much to the Parliament for their fupprelfion : The of Officers en- Independents perceiving it, and willing to joyne with any In- deavom- to tereft to make good their Defigne. It was propofed at the Coun- irith ihf Pa-* CeH of 0fficcrs> That the P^pift'fiould raife and pay about 1 0000. pifts in Engr Addhionall Forces for this <±Army , in recompence whereof, all penall imi & IrUrnid. LaVees concerning themjhould be repealed, all Taxes and Contribu- tions taken off, and they to have the protection of this Parliament and Army. Under the fame notion they endeavoured to /oyne In- OwriRgc o- terefts with Often Roe Onealey that commanded the bloudy Party wale.' of maflacring Infh ( with which they had formerly taxed the King) they fupplied him with Ammunition,and admitted O Rea- VunmS lh the PoPes Iri(^ Nmtio t0 a Treaty lure in England, Sir John Wynter was taken into imployment, and the Arrears of his Rents gathered for him by Souldiers, to the regret of the Countrey. Sir Kenelme Digby had a Pafie to come into England, and came ; as was foretold by a Letter from an Independent Agent for the Army, from Paris to an Independent Member of the Houfe of Commons, a Creature of the Army,bearing Date 2S.N0v.164S. and printed at the latter end of LThe True and full Relation of the Officers & Armies forcible fei^ing of divers eminent Members^&c. Walter CMoungue let forth upon Bayle ; what becomes of this Negotiation ? and whether thofc that have played faft and loofe with Part II. theHifitryoflndependencyl jjj wrthalirntereftsintheKingdome, have not done the like with thePapifts ? I cannot yet learne. This Winter, Coales (as well as other things ) had been at ex- 136. celKve rates in the City, whereby many poor perifhed with cold Scarcity of and hunger ; what the reafon thereof was ( befides unreafonable CoaJs how Taxes, Excife, and Soaldiers quartering in and neer the City ) ^why.^ was diverfly difputed : mod Men imputed the blame to Sir Ar- thur Hajlerigge Govemour of 2{erv- Cattle, who ( without any publique Authority) prefumed to lay on a Tax of 4s. a Chaldron upon the Coales there 5 which is eftiraated to amount to 50000I. a yeare; what ufe that Money was put to wa-s as varioufly whif.. pered : as likewife what defigne they had in bringing fo pinching a want upon the City ? fome faid, it was to enforce the poorer fort into Tumults, and then to charge the wealthier fort with the crime, and enfnare them ; others faid, ft was to caft an odiums npon the Pr 1 n c s , as if His Ships had kept in the Colliers. The 23. March>\ 648. The Commons Ordered, That the Lord ^57- Mayor ©/London in Perfon be required to ptiblljb and proclaime in "*** Lo; Mayor the City the aforefaid Atl for diffolvinr Kingly Government : and °J^ W Pr°" • 1 / t tt r tl xi cr t- claim in perfon 1 9 give an account thereof to the Hotife, The Mayor refuting this the Ad for A- fervice, was by the Commons called to the Barre, fined 2000I. bolifliing the committed Prifoner to the Tower, and outed of his Mayoralty, Kingly Offices- and Alderman Anlrewes ( a Man afcer their owne heart ) chofen Jnd PLl^if^cd j by a few Schifmaticks in his Place. tornegica. - Ordered bj the Commons ( upon a report from the Councell of 138. State ) that Commiffioners be appointed to make Sale of the Kings* The Kings> Queens, and Trine es Perfonall Estate, upon Inventory and Appri- Queens and fall, for fatisf action of all juft '- _ 152 The Hiftory ef Independency] Part II. fident. Greenwich to Bolftrode whitlocke. The Lyons Skin is now dividing amongft the Party. Thus have they killed and taken pof- fion : and the King's Revenue hath proved as omkious to Him as 2{aboth's Vineyard was to his Matter. 140. This day another Report was made to the Houfe from the Another Re- Committee of the Army of the particular fummes to be Monthly port for an e- leavied in each County, to make up the whole fumrae of 90000I. ftabliihment Monthly for the Armies of Endandmd Ireland, befides 20000U SZ&3L ^r/out of Fec-farme Rents. , , .- . $o3 51. 1649. 2 Q.March, 1 6 49* The Commons in purfuit of the advice given 141. them by Monfieur Taw, and according to the ejcample cited by An Order^that him of the Low Countries, Ordered,Tte m Minister in his Pulpit no Preacher Jhotild meddle with any State affairs : had this been obferved from Sa^af&T"11 the beginning tnefe Pu^P,c Incendiaries had never kindled a War between the King and Parliament. 142. About the beginning of Lent laft, Matter Faucett Minifter of The $ . Lights Walton upon the Thames in Surrey, preached in his FarijOh. Church ofWaltgn. after dinner, when he came downe out of his Pulpit it was twy- Jight ; and into the Church came fix Souldiers, one of them with a Lanthorne in his hand and a Candle burning in it, in the other hand he had foure Candles not lighted : He with the Lanthorne called to the Parifhoners to ftay a little, for he had a Meflage to them from God ; and ottered to go up into the Pulpit, but the Parifhioners would not let him ; then he would have delivered his errand in the Churcha but there they would not heare him ; fo he went forth into the Church-yard, the people following him, where he related to them, That he had a Vifion,and received a com- mand from God to deliver his will unto themiwhich he was to deliver, and they to receive uponpaine of damnation* It conJifiedof$ Lights : 1. That the Sabbath Was abolipjed as unnecejfary, fewi/h, and meerly ceremoniall ; And here ( quoth he ) I[bouldput out myfirfi Light ybut the wind isfo high I cannot light it. 2. Tythes are abolijhedas Jewifh and ceremonially a great burden to the Saints of God, and a discouragement of induftry and tillage: And here Ipjouldput out my fecond light, &o\ as aforefaid, which was the burden of his fong. 3. LMinifters are abolipjed as Antichriftian, and of no longer ufe now Chrift himfelfe defcends into the hearts of his Saints, and his Spirit Part II. The HiBory of Independency', jyj Spirit enlighteneth them\ with Revelations, and Injpirations : And here Ifiould have put out my third Light, &c. 4. Magiftrates are aboltjhed as ufelejfe, noto that Chrifl himfelf is in purity of Spirit come amongst us, and hath eretledthe Kingdom of the Saints upon earth ; be fide s% they are Tyrants andOpprcffors of the Liberty of the Saints, and tie them to Lawes and Ordinances , meer humane inventions : And here I [hould have put, &c. 5. Then putting his hand into his pocket, and pulling out a little Bible, he (hewed it open to the People, faying, Here u a Boo ke you have in great veneration, confifiing of two parts, the Old And NeVv Te /lament ; Imuft tell you, it is abolijhed : It contain eth beggarly rudiments, milkefor Babes ; But now Chrifi is in Glory a- wongslus, and imparts a fuller meafure of his Spirit to his Saints then this can afford ; and therefore lam commanded to burne it be- fore your faces : (o taking the Candle out of his Lanthorne, he fet fire of the leaves. And then putting out the Candle, cryed, And here my fift Light is extinguished. Upon a Report from the Councell of State, the Commons 143. Voted void the Earle of Warwickj Commifllon for Admiral!, The Earle of and appointed three Commiflioners to have and execute the Warwick? s Admirals Place, with 3I. a day a piece ; a Commifllon for Mar- £C°J}™. ^ tiallLaw, and Land Souldiers aboard to keep under the Sea- 3 Admirals men. The three Admirals MQiCo\.£d&:Poph>imiQo\.Rob\ Blake, appointed. and Col. Deane. Sunday after Safier-day, fix Preachers militant at Whitehall 144. tried the patience of their Hearers ; one calling up another fuc- CromweUtur- ceflively : at Jaft the Spirit of the Lord called up Oliver from- ned Poacher. Vcell, who (landing a good while with lifted up eyes, as it were in a trance, and his neck a little inclining to one fide, as if he had expected Mahomet's Dove to defcend and murmure in his eare ; and fending forth abundantly the groanes of the Spirit, fpent an hower in prayer, and an hower and an halfe in a Sermon. In his prayer he de fired God to take off from him the Government of this mighty People of England, as being too heavy for hx Jhoulders to beare : An audatious, ambitious, and hypocriticall imitation of CMofes. It is now reported of him, that he pretendeth to Infpi- rations; and that when any great or weighty matter is pro- pounded, he ufually rctireth for a quarter or halfe an hower, and X then X54 14?. The laft Retreat ©f the faction by HMmins report. 145. $0: Lilburves third Booke, - called, [The ^iffure of the CouttccU of The Hiflory tf Independency. Part II. then rcturneth and delivereth out the Oracles of the Spirit : furcly the Spirit of John of Ley den will be doubled upon this Man. About this time the Palfgrave tooke his leave of the Parlia- ment, being much courted and complemented by them, and his 8000I. per annum, with all Arreares conhrmed to him ; fince his departure Harry Martyn (jn a jolly humour ) was heard to fay, Jf the Vvorft hapned, and that they fhould not be Me to ft and their ground in England, yet the Palfgrave would afford them a place of retreat in the palatinate ; the feeds of thefe Anarchical!, Anabap- tifticall humours ( upon the reducing of Munfttr) fpread them- felves in England, and now have a mind to returne into germany to kindle a fire there. About this time John Lilburne, and his Company, fee forth a Book, called, {The Figure of the Conncell of State, &c.~] wherein they fet forth the iHegall and violent proceedings of the faid C ounce 11 againft them infei*dng upon them with armed Bands of Souldiers, and interrogating them againfi themfelves, &c* (where they have thefe words ) The Fatlion of a trayterom Party of Officers of the Army hath twice rebelled againfi the 'Parliament, and broke them in pieces, and by force of Armes culled out whom they plea fed, and im- prifoned divers of them, and layed nothing to their charge ; and have left onely in a manner a few men (befides 1 1 of themfelves, ne Fatlion behind them, that will (like Spaniel-dogs) ferve their lufls and^ills ; yea, feme of the chief eft of them, viz: Ireton, Harrifon, &c. yea, Mr.H and vent State-news, State- uo&rir.e, and poyfon the people with fuch changeable and various principles as from time to time fhall be dictated to them by thofe Pfeudo-polititians as now fie at the Helme : they fliall confer, the people with pretended Illu- minations, Revelations, and Infpirations, and powre out all the Vials of Gods wrath amongft them. fromweIl and Ireton, and their Faction, having formerly delu- 1^0. ded all the Interests and Parties of chis Kingdome. were arrived A fraudulent tothathighth of impudence as to endeavour to cheat them all jjjjjj^jj^ over agafne, they had by murdering the King, abolifhing the ^au^a!»- Houfe of Lords, putting an execrable force upon the farre major temptedawith a part oftheHoufe of Commons, making themfelves and their Mock-fall for Party a tyrannicall Councell of State to ufurp the Supreme that purpofe. power and Government, endeavouring a toleration of all Religi- See a Paper, ons, attempting to take away Tythes, mocking and then tyran- called, *Argu- nzingover that part of the Army they pleafe to mifcall Level- mans againft all lers, diftraded and dtfeontented all Parties within the Kingdom, f^ZTtkcZ and furred up all the Princes of Chriftendome to defend the 0j London ani common mtcreft of Kings, now controverted in England. This the engaged cloud threatned to poure downe a new Warre upon them • to <*r**dca of the provide a remedy therefore for this foare, fromwell moved in ^i^if*?*' the Houfe of Commons, That the Prefbjteriun government might tbkhmmto befetled, promifing his endevours thereto ; but whether he meant the city of Loth a ClafTicall or Congregationall Presbytery ( which differs little don ; printed at or nothing from Independency ) he did not declare: and here tllc latter cni lyeth the fallacy, he likewife moved, that the Jecured and fee luded ££rttt/?w* Members might againe be invited ir.to the Houfe : they lent their Hifr&Pd Lc Agents both Lay- men and Minifters ( amongli whom Mt.MUr- fiall, Nye, Currell, Goodwin and Hugh Peters were chief) to ca- jole and decoy the Minifters, Citizens, and thecxpulfed Mem- bers, with difcourfes and proportions, they told them, The Pref- byterians had differed from the King in point of civill Intereft, which was more irreconcilable than that intereft of Church- Go- vernment, wharfoever fhew was made to the contrary, (They X-3 will X 5 8 The Hiftorj of Independency. Part II, will not endure to heare of the K 1 n g's exemplary patience and Chriftian chanty to all ; nor of His precepts and Ariel injuncli- ons to His Sonne of clemency and abftinency from revenge, con- tained in His laft Booke, [The Pourtraitlure of His Majefiy.^ Thefe things will both apology for our young King, and con- demne our bloudy vindicative Saints. ) That the Presbyterians as well as the Independents made Warre againft the late King, brought Him low, and prepared Him to receive his late deadly Blow from the Independents, and therefore the King would looke upon both Parties as equally guilty, and was deeply enga- ged in point of intcreft to cut offboth Parties : Endevouring by thefe difcourfes to put the Presbyterians into dejpaire (their own and fudas's finne) and then to work upon that bafe and coward- ly principle of felfprefervation, and invite them to joyne with them in point of civill Intereft and common Defence. But their -kindnefs was but like that of amalitious Man,who having plague- foars upon him, embraceth his Friend rather to infecl than che- ri(h him ; they know that by fitting, voting, a&ing, and com- plying with them, (whofe aclions the Laws of God and the Land have damned and anathematized with the higheft condemnati- on ) they ftiould contract the guilt of all their forepafled crimes and treafons ; in the meane time the Presbyterians fbould fit and act but as a fufpe&ed Party, and Should be baffled and turned out * again when the danger is paft 5 the Independents keeping in their owne hands all the power, profits and preferments of the Land, and ufing the Presbyterian party but as Gibeonites, Hewers of wood, and Drawers of water under them; they invited them therefore to (hare with them in their finnes, {hames, and punifh- ments, but would keep Achans Wedge and the Babylonifh Gar- ment ( the profit of their crimes ) to themfelves : And ( as if it were not fufficient to coufen Man without mocking God ) the Houfe of Commons Ordered a ftrict Faft to be kept upon Thurf- day, 19. April, 1 649. as a day of Humiliation to implore Gods for' givenejfe for the ingratitude of the people, who did not fuffeiently acknowledge with thankefulnejfe Gods great mercies upon this Lank m freeing them from Monarchy, and beftowing liberty upon them, by changing Kingly Government into a Free State or Republiaue. The Faction knew that to partake with them in thefe prayers, was Part II. ?ht HiHory of Independency. l ^ was to partake of their (innes. God deliver usfromthofe de- ceitfull lips, whofe prayers are fnares, whofe kiffes prove curfes, and whofe devotion leads to damnation : Never was Faft in/oy- ned with more feverity, nor neglected with more contempt and horror ; men fhunning it like the (innes of Rebellion and Witch- craft. Befides, their confeiences told them, that they never /offe- red the thoufiandth part of the opprejfions they nowgroane under. About this time it was debated to fend Supplies for Ireland ; 150. the predominant Grandees were defirous to purge the Army The jugling ( as they had done the Houfe ) and fend the Levellers ( AfTertors ^e%ne of £«• of Liberty) thither; the Levellers were defirous to keep their ^Arm' for ground here,and fend the more mercinary enflaving and enflaved inland^ part of the Army : the better to colour the defigne, Cromwell undertooke to be Conductor of this expedition, and light them the way into IrtUnd with his illuminated Nofe : having taken order beforehand that his precious felfe flaould be recalled time enough to keep up his party in England from (inking by his lon- ger abfence ; and the better to accommodate the bulinelle, Lots were feverall times caft what Regiments fhould goe ; but the Lots not falling out to the minds of the Gencrall Councell of Officers, they cali Lots againe and againe, untill fortune agreed with their delires : This being difcovered, a printed Paper was fcattered about the ftreets, 26. April, 1 649. as followeth ; ALL Worthy Officers and Souldiers Who are ytt mindfull that you engaged net as a meer mercinary Army, hyredtoferve the Arbitrary ends of a Councell of State ; but tooke up Armes in Judg- ment and Confidence in behalf of your own, and the peoples ju ft Rights and Liberties ; you may fee plainly by the proceedings of Col. Hew- fon with his Regiment that the defigne of your grand Officers is,t$ re- duce the ssfrmy to a meer mercinary and fervile temper, that /ball •bey all their comands, without fio much as asking a quefiion for Con- fidence fake. Intending by this blind obedience in you to make you be whatfioever they /hall find requifite to eftabh/h their owne abfiolate power over the Common-wealth, yea though it be to cut off your beft friends , tr perpetuate this their owne Parliament and Councell of State, things fit evidently detractive to j*ur owne ami the peoples jufi Mights and Liberties as nothing can be w*re% A*d i 6o The Hijicry of Independency. Part 1 1. ^Andfor compaffing Whereof, you k»oW they have longfince difi folvedthe ^Agitators? and vetted a C ounce 11 amongst themfelves, by Which they have moulded the ^Parliament and a C ounce U of State to their owne Wills ; both which, are to be at a fere en between the People and jour Grandees, to make the world believe } they doe nothing but by order of Parliament, and Counc ell of State, when they order all things themfelves ; and indeed are confederated together to de- fend and p'reteel each others in their defrauding and enfiaving the Common-wealth* This they have long aymedat,bnt cannot pofftbly effetl it,untillthey reduce the <*Armj to afervile audhafe temper ; which they have been laboring to bring to paffe a long time; as by picking quarrels with mofl Officers and Souldiers, that have manifested any fence of (fommon Right, andfo vexing them and Wearying them out of Troops and Companies And (you know) they have been more than once difban- ding twenty of a Troup, upon pretence ofeafmg the publique charge : all their mifchief being ever done, after either fifing and prayer, or uponfome very ffiecious pretence ; but the care and refolution ofthi honejl Officers and Souldiers ever prevented this* But now the bufnejfe for Ireland (itfeems) mufl doe the deed' that being afervice that muft be preferred before the fetling of the Liberties and Freedcmes of this Nation : and all that are not for this fervice mufl be efteemed no better than Enemies and Traytors ; and therefore an Ahab-like Faft goeth before the Lots are caft : and CoL Hew Ton falls to Worke and di (bands allthofe Souldiers and Offi- cers that refufed to engage for the fervice of 'Ireland, before the Li- berties rf England (which we never trod underfoot) be reftored to the people. The end of this being to be a leading cafe to all other Regiments both Horfe and Foot ; not that they certainly intend for Ireland, but byfuch meanes to be rid of aUfuch 04 are apt to defire to befatisfed in their Confciences ofthejuflice of the Caufe before they engage in the kiHing and /laying of men any more ; or btfore they fee fome fruits anfwerable to the bloud that hath been fpilt. And being rid of this kind of Officers and Souldiers, then to fill the Regiments as this Hcwfon doth, withfuch ignorant, needy, or fervile men as thefe miferable times {through loffe of Trade) have begotten. And this being hone, then to make more firitl enquiry after this fort Part IL 7*' Hitiorj of Independency. \&\ flrt of people in the aArmy, and all other pUces, fupprejfe Meetings and if that will not doe, then to difarme all from whom they fufpetl the leaft repining or oppofition. zAnd therefore allthofe Officers and Souldiers, and all people in all places are concerned in a very high nature, even as much as the free- dome of the Nation u worth ; yeat m they tender the good of their Wives,Children,Vamilies and Toft eritj, to venture their lives and aU they have, to make oppofition againft thu the greateft mijchiefc that ever wm attempted ; the greateft Treafon that ever was com. mined agatnft the liberties of the people : and not to ft and any longer in a mtz-maze between hope and fear e ;for if this deftgne take placet yortr great Officers and their Confederates in Parliament and Coun- cil of State, will beaifo many Kings, Princes and Lords, and your J elves, and all the people, their Slaves and Vaffals* Therefore keep every man his place andpoft^andftirre not, but im- mediately chufeyou a Councell of Agitators once more to judge of thefe things ; without which we flail never fee t% new Parliament, or - ever be quit of thefe intolerable burdens, oppreffions, and cruelties, by which the People are like to be beggered and deftroyed. About this time Matter Robert Lochier and five or fix other \y^ Troupers of Capcaine Savages Troup were condemned for a M.Lw%w con* fuppofed mutiny ; in behalf of whom Lkuz.Cfohn Lilbume writ demned by a this Letter following to the Generall, dated 27. A pril,i 6 49. Councell of J Warre,with his w . . r r 11 honourable May itpleafeyour Excellency, death and ^ WE have not yet forgot your Solerane Engagement of Hall: and l?7- June^. 1647. whereby the Armies Continuance as an bums LectCL" Army was in no wife by the will of the State, but by their owne ^{^ Genc~ mutuall Agreement : And if their {landing were removed from n ' one Foundation to another,(as is undeniable) then with the fame they removed from one Authority to another ; and the Liga- ments and Bonds oftheFirft were all Difiblved, and gave place to the Second ; and under, and from the head of their firft Sta- tion, viz: By the Will of the State, the Army derived their Go- vernment by Martiall Law;which in Judgment and Reafon could be no longer binding then the Auchority(which gave being there- to) was binding to the Army : For the deniall of the Authority, Y is x 6i Tht Hipry oflndcpendencf. Part IL is an Abrogation and Nulment of all A&s, Orders, or Ordinan- ces by that Authority as to them : And upon this account, your Excellency with the Army, long proceeded upon the Confticu- tion of a new Councell and Government, contrary to all Mar- tiall Law and Difcipline, by whom oncly the Army Engaged to be Ordered in their profecucion of the ends, to wit, Their feve- rail Rights, both as Souldiers and Commoners, for which they aflbciated ; Declaring, Agreeing, and Promifing each other, not to Disband, Divide, or fuffer themfelves to be Disbanded or Divided, without fatisfaction and fecurity in relation to their Grievances and Defiresin behalf of themfelves. and the Com- mon wealth as fhould be agreed unco by their Councel of Agi- tators : And by vertue, and under Colour of this Eftabli hment, all the Extraordinary Actions by your Excel Iency,your Officers, and the Army have pad : Your reriifaiko Disband, difputingthe Orders of Parliament ; Impeachment and Ejection of Eleven Members ; your Firft and Second March up to London ; your late violent Exclufion of the Major part of Members out of the Houfe,and their Imprifonment without Caufe, &c which can no Way be jultifie 4 from the Guilt of the higheft IVeafon, but in the accomplishment of a righteous end, viz: The enjoyment of the benefit of our Lawes and Liberties which we hoped long ere this to have enjoyed from your hands ; Yet when we confider and herewith compare many of your late carriages both towards the Souldiery and other Free People ; and principally your Cruell Exercife of Martiall Law, even to the Sentence and Execution of Death upon fuch of your Soldiers as Hand for the Rights of that Engagemem,&c. And not onely fo,but againft others not of the Army ; we cannot but look upon your defection and Apoftafie in fuch dealings, as of molt dangerous Confcquence to all the Laws and Freedoms of the People. And therefore, although there had never been any fuch folemn Engagement by the Army, as that of June 5. 1647. which with your Excellency in point of duty ought not to be of the meaneft obligation. We do proteft againft your Exercife of Martial Law, aeainft any whomfoever, in times of Peace, where all Courts of Juftice are open, as the greateft encroachment upon our Lawes & Liberties that can be aded againft us ; and particularly,againft the Part II. The Hiftory tflndeftndencf. X$3 thcTryalloftheSouldiers of Captaine Savages Troup yefter- day, by a Court Martiall, upon the Articles of Warre, and fen- tcncing of two of them to death ; and for no other end ( as we tnderltand ) but for fome difpute about their Pay : And the rea- fonofthisourProteftation, is from the Petition of Right, made in the third yeare of the late King, which declareth, That no per- fon ought to he judged by Law Martially except in times of Warre ; And that all CommiJJions given to execute Martiall LaW in time of Teace, are contrary to the Lawes and Statutes of the Land, And it was the Parliaments complaint, That Martiall Law was then commanded to be executed upon Souldiers for Robbery, Muti- ny, or Murder. Which Petition of Right this prefent Parliament in their late Declarations of the 9. of Feb. and the 17. of March, 1648. commend as the mod excellenteft Law in England ; and there promife to prefervc inviolably, it, and all other the Funda- mentall Lawes and Liberties, concerning the prefervation of the Lives, Properties, and Liberties of the people, with all things in- cident thereunto. And the Exercife of Martiall Law in Ireland, in time of Peace, was one of the chiefeft Articles for which the E.of Straffora loft his Head : The fame by this prefent Pari, being Judged High Treafon. And the Parliament it felf, neither by Aft nor Ordinance, can juftly or warrantably deftroy the Fcmdamen- tall Liberties and Principles of tne Common Law of England: It being a Maxim in Law and Reafon both, that all fuch Ads and Ordinances, are ipfofaflo, null, and void in Law,and binds not all, but ought to be refitted & flood againfl: to the death. And if the Supreme Authority may not prefume to doe this,much leffc may You, or Your Officers prefume thereupon ; For where Remedy may be had by an ordinary courfe in Law, the Party grieved fliall never have his recourfe to extraordinaries. Whence it is evident, That it is the undoubted Right of every Englishman (Souldier, or other) that he fhould be punifhable onely in the or- dinary Courts of Juftice, according to the Laws and Statutes of the Realme in tht times of Peace, as now it is 3 and the extraor- dinary way by Courts Martiall, in no wife to be ufed. Yea the Parliaments Oracle, Sir EdnariCoke, Declares in the third part of his Institutes, Chap, of Murder, That for a Generall or other Officers of an zArmy, in time of P cace to put any man, aU Y 2 though 164 r&e 8$6rH tf I*tytoi*Mf. Part II. though a Souldier, to death, by colour of Martiall Law, it u ab folate murder in that Genera//, &c. Therefore erecting of Martiall Law now,when all Courts of juftice are open,& (topping the free cur- rent of Law, which fufficiently provides for the punifhment of Soldiers as wel as others,as appears by 18 H.6.C.19. i& 3 E .6. c. 2. 4&$ P. &M*c$.&5eLs.& % Jam. 25. isanabfolute deftroying of our Fundamentall Liberties, and the razing of the Foundation of the Common Law of England ; the which out of Duty and Confcience to the Rights and Freedoms of this Na- tion(which we value above our lives) and to leave You and Your Councell without all excufe, we were moved to reprefent unto Your Excellency, Earneftry prefling, You well to confider what You doe, before you proceed to the taking away the Lives of thofe men by Martiall Law ; left the bloud of the Innocent ( and fo palpable Subverfion of the Lawes and Liberties of England) bring the reward of juft vengeance after it upon You, as it did upon the Earle of Strafford: For Innocent bloud God will not pardon; and what the people may doe (in cafe of fuch violent Subverfion of their Rights) we ftiall leave to Your Excellency to judge, and remaing Sir, From our Cauflcffe, andunjuft, Your E*ceIle™es and Tyiannicall Captivity, humble Servant*, in the Tower of Union, jQHH LILBuKME. tApril 17. i64p. KICH: OVERTOH. Notwith(hndi"g which Letter, and much other meanes made, the laid Lockjer was Shot to Death in Saint Taul's Church-yard the fame day, to itrike a terror and flavifh feare into fuch other Souldiers as {"hill dare to take notice of their approaching da- very ; but his Chriftian and gallant deportment at his death, with the honorable funeral) pomp accompanying him to his 1 5 2- Gr^ve turned all the terror of his Tragedy into hatred and con- t cTi^r teffiPc °f chc Auch°rs th rc°f- bm&HM*r- About this tune the Houfe of Commons gave to CoLAlexan* ff'«/& tempta- der Popham all his Arrcares, and to Harry Alurtyn 3000I. to put tions piK upon njm on upon the holy Sifters, and tike him oif from the Levei- Lilhum and ^rs . An(j Crcmmll is now playing the Devils part, Shewing the ?*"• . Kingdomes Part II. The Vifiory of Independency. I £y Kingdomes of the earth, and tempting John Lilburne to fall downc and worfhip him, to forfake his good principles and en- gagements, and betray the liberties of the people, but L.Col. Lit- burnt is higher feated in the good opinion of the people than to befufpe&edoffomuehbafenenTe, who are confident he will as conftantly refift falfe rrromifes and vaine hopes, as hehathvaine threats and terrors of Indi