PRINCETON, N*. J* Division Section. A Number I I / ; V . • THE CHBONICLE OP JOSHUA THE STYLITE. Sontion: C. J. CLAY AND SON, CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS WAREHOUSE 17, Paternoster Row. Cambrttlge: DEIGHTON, BELL, AND CO. Heipjttj: F. A. BROCKHATTS. THE CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYL1TE, COMPOSED IN SYRIAC A.D. 507, WITH A TRANSLATION INTO ENGLISH AND NOTES BY W. WEIGHT, LL.D., PROFESSOR OF ARARIC IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. EDITED FOR THE SYNDICS OF THE UNIVERSITY PRESS. CAMBRIDGE: AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS. 1882 Cambridge: PRINTED BY C. J. CLAY, M. A. & SON, AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS. PREFACE. *X T> I. The Chronicle of Joshua Yeshua' or Jesus) the Stylite has been long known to historians in the abridged " c •£ Latin translation of Joseph Simon Assemani which occupies pp. 262 — 283 of the first volume of his Bibliotheca Orientalis ; and it is generally acknowledged to be one of the most valuable authorities for the period with which it deals*. The first complete edition of the Syriac text did not, however, appear till 1876, when it was edited for the German Oriental Society, with a French translation and many useful notes’!*, by the well known orientalist the Abbe P. Martin, to whose industry scholars are indebted for various important Syriac publications. That this editio princeps should be faulty in many respects was unavoidable, partly from the fact that the editor had only a single not very clearly written manuscript for the basis of his text, and partly because circumstances prevented him from re-collating his copy with the original before putting it to press. It was reviewed by Professor Noeldeke of Strassburg in the Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenlandiscken Gesellschaft , Bd xxx, pp. 351 — 8, where he proposed many excellent emendations. Having read the book through several times with pupils, I sent * See, for example, the numerous references to it in Lebeau, Histoire du Bus- Empire , ed. Saint-Martin, t. vii, especially in book xxxviii. + See Abliandlungen fur die Kunde des Morgenlandes herausgegeben von der Deutschen Morgenlandiscken Gesellschaft. VI. Bajid. No. I. Chronique de Josue le Stylite ecrite vers Van 515, texte et traduction par M. Vabbe Paulin Martin. VI PREFACE. to Professor Noeldeke a further list of corrections, shortly before the publication of his Syriac Grammar in 1880, and we exchanged several letters on the subject. Since then another - friend, Professor Ignazio Guidi of Rome, has most kindly sup¬ plied me with a fresh collation of the entire work ; and I am thus enabled to lay a tolerably correct text before the reader, without having much recourse to conjectural emendation. If I have not described certain readings- of my text as corrections made by this or that scholar, it is because I have ascertained, thanks to Guidi’s unwearying kindness, that they are the actual readings of the original manuscript. Thus I could not credit M. Martin himself with (p. 18, 1. 15), and with (p. 88, 1. 2); nor Professor Noeldeke with «_»cnj (p. 48, 1. 6), and with oocn )jl_£clo (p. 85, 1. 1) ; nor Mr Bensly, of Gonville and Caius College, with » • n (p. 3, 1. 13) ; nor my former pupil Mr Keith-Falconer with v (p. 49, 1. 5) ; nor myself with (p. 29, 1. 13), and with of (p. 34, 1. 8). I have never altered the actual readings of the manuscript, so far as I am aware, without giving due warning thereof in the notes. I have, however, taken the liberty, with the view of facilitating the task of the reader, of adding a considerable number of diacritical points, especially in the verbal forms. From the interpunction of the manuscript, on the other hand, I have but rarely deviated, and then only when it seemed to me to be absolutely necessary. In my translation I have striven to be as literal as the differ¬ ence between the two idioms will allow. My method is first to translate as closely as I can, and then to try if I can improve the form of expression in any way without the sacrifice of truth¬ fulness to the original. I also endeavour to preserve a somewhat antiquated and Biblical style, as being peculiarly adapted to the rendering into English of Oriental works, whether poetical or historical. The Old Testament and the Koran, PREFACE. Vll which are, of course, in many ways strikingly similar in their diction, can both be easily made ridiculous by turning them into our modern vernacular, particularly if we vulgarize with malice prepense. In my version I have sometimes expressed the sense of a conjectural emendation rather than of the manuscript reading. The comparison of the Syriac text and the critical notes will readily show the attentive reader when this is the case. Words which I have found it necessary to add for the sake of the English form of expression, or of greater clearness, I have commonly put within parentheses ( ) ; but where an actual lacuna in the text is supplied by conjecture, I have employed brackets [ ]. Of the notes I think it necessary to say no more than that they are intended chiefly for non-orientalists and for those who are beginning their oriental studies. It seemed to me to be quite superfluous to repeat the historical information contained in the copious annotations of Assemani and of the Abbe Martin. In matters relating to the topography of Edessa and its district I have had recourse to my friend Professor G. Hoffmann of Kiel, who is probably the best acquainted of living orientalists with the geography of Mesopotamia and the adjacent countries. A comprehensive work on the subject from his hand would be a boon to all scholars. The plan of Edessa is taken from Carsten Niebuhr’s Voyage en Arable, et en d’autres Pays circonvoisins , traduit de V Allemand, 1780, t. ii, p. 330, with additions and alter¬ ations suggested by Professor Hoffmann. As for the rough map of the seat of war, it is only reproduced from an ordinary atlas. I have endeavoured, for the convenience of readers, to conform my edition in externals, as far as possible, to that of the Abbe Martin ; and I would therefore have gladly adopted his numeration of the chapters, but found it to be impossible. In the first place, I had to strike out his seventh chapter, which Vlll PREFACE. is merely the final note of a scribe of much later date. rlhis reduces the number of chapters by one from VIII (now VII) to XCI (now XC). But, in the second place, I had to unite his chapters XCI and XCII, the lacuna on p. 75 of his edition being imaginary. Consequently the number of chapters from here to the end is reduced by two, and Martin’s ch. XCIII is in my edition XCI. II. We owe the preservation of the short Chronicle of Joshua the Stylite to the care of a later historian, Dionysius of Tell-Mahre*, patriarch of the Jacobites (ob. A. Gr. 1156, A.D. 845) "f*, who incorporated it with his own larger work, which deserves to be made accessible to students of history without further delay j. The solitary manuscript of this work which has come down to our times is preserved in the Vatican Library §. It is in great part palimpsest, the underlying text being Coptic. According to Assemani, Bibl. Orient ., t. ii, pp. 98, 99, it was written in the Nitrian desert when Moses of Nisibis was abbot of the convent of S. Mary Deipara, that is to say, between A.D. 907 and 944 (see my Catalogue of Syriac MSS. in the British Museum, General Index , p. 1310) ; but in his Catal. Codd. Manuscriptorum Biblioth. Apostol. Vaticanae, t. iii, p. 328, no. CLXII, he asserts that it was one of those volumes which Moses of Nisibis brought back with him to the Nitrian Convent in 932, after his visit to Baghdad and his journey through Mesopotamia ||. ^ O V * Vr*"*' ioXZ , in Arabic (Jj > a small town on the river Balikh, between ar-Rakkah and Hisn Maslamah, according to Yakut in the Mujam al-Buldan. 4 See Assemani, Bibl. Orient ., t. ii, p. 98 sqq., and pp. 344 — 8. X The Swedish orientalist Professor Tullberg of Upsala began an edition of it in 1850, which will, I hope, be completed by Professor Ign. Guidi. § Dionysius has placed the Chronicle of Joshua immediately after the Henotikon of Zenon, without any prefatory remarks. || If so, the note to that effect has disappeared from the manuscript. It must be remarked, however, that the volume is much damaged, and that some of the worst pages have been covered at a recent period with “carta vegetale”. The result is that the writing is no longer legible or barely so. PREFACE. IX Of Joshua we know little more than what he has himself thought fit to tell us. He wrote his Chronicle at the request of one Sergius, the abbot of a convent in the district of Edessa (ch. I), to whom he repeatedly addresses himself in the course of it. The last date which occurs in it is 28th November A.D. 506 (ch. C) ; and considering the tone of the final chapter, I have thought myself justified in assigning the composition of the work to that winter and the earlier part of the following year, which is also Noeldeke’s opinion ( Zeitsclirift d. D. M. G., Bd xxx, p. 352)*. A more recent copyist, who supplied a lacuna in the manuscript of Dionysius*)*, adds some details regarding Joshua as follows (see Martin’s edition, p. 8). l-aXo ^Ao? r_»_J_QOl5 Ma-aA] Al qA^ ,_LjoAj? ]j ^.£}C{^)0 ] .^-fcJLjQOl? 1^5 VJOa_» \.m a .« .O tjA-a.y n? (delete this word?) )j(TI jjQl ^Ao I-A-L-AaiHX: ]jO^ OCT1 iloi O I-kOcL^O v0;.C\) “ Pray for the wretched Elisha, from the convent of Zuknin (near Amid), who wrote this leaf, that he may find grace like the thief on the right hand. Amen and Amen. May the * The first sentence of the last chapter is no doubt an addition by a later writer, perhaps Dionysius of Tell-Mahre himself. f The preface from p. 1 to p. 6, 1. 10, is in the same hand as the bulk of the manuscript. From that point to p. 8, 1. 11, is in the handwriting of Elisha of Zuknin. The next leaf of the manuscript begins with the words, p. 8, l. io, aZAAxoinA Aj] wkk2aSo> to ^>^5Ak?5 .^jo m_»Zo "|[!dA-» Ajlaxd UAooai? |j*| ^As? v-»-Jcn There is also a modern copy of the preface and introduction, on European paper, as far as p. 11, 1. 14, OlZoA? "]Z]jLCQ.A oufUJ) ^ ^OO . + Not n^i?, as Assemani has given in the Bibl. Orient., t. i, p. 260, col. 2. X PREFACE. mercy of the great God and our Redeemer Jesus Christ be upon the priest Mar Yeshua' (Joshua) the stylite, from the convent of Zukmn, who wrote this Chronicle of the evil times that are past, and of the calamities and troubles which the (Persian) tyrant wrought among men.” W. WRIGHT. Queens’ College, Cambridge. 23 April, 1882. CORRIGENDA. In the Syriac text: Page 2, 1. 3, read vOCri_»A_»1 — Page 19, 1. 9, perhaps we might read ^oAk) instead of “ he used every day to thrust himself into his presence, and importunately ask him to give him” etc. — Page 25, 1. 18, read ,0. — Page 36, 1. 12, read IjOTO — Page 46, 1. 13, read rO — Page 57, 1. 22, add 0001 after »-ID^ASD ? — Page 61, 1. 11, read ]Aj__»rLD5. In the English translation : Page 65, last line, Read: “at Amid. With the view . of peace, he also sent” 'etc. A HISTORY OF THE TIME OF AFFLICTION AT ORHAI* AND AMIDt AND THROUGHOUT ALL MESOPOTAMIA. I. I have received the letter of thy Godloving holiness, 0 most excellent of men, Sergius, priest and abbot, in which thou hast bidden me write for thee, by way of record, (concerning the time) when the locusts came, and when the sun was darkened, and when there was earthquake and famine and pestilence, and (about) the war between the Greeks j and the Persians §. But * «__»C7l5o"j Orhdi or Urhdi, ar-Rulid , called by the Greeks ”E8eaaa, now Orfali or Urfah. I have elsewhere used the Greek name. t^T , * A/ju8a , now called Kara Amid (Black Amid) or Diydr-bekr ^ or literally, the Romans; but Constantinople was nova Roma , "Pu/arj via, and hence the Syrians and Arabs use the words VvLD03 and f})'' , ar-Rum, to designate the Byzantine Greeks. Pdrsdye , elsewhere written ] > fmo.gy Pdrsdye or Pur soy e. It has been thought that the spelling |j-TD5Q-2) is meant to be insulting, as if connecting the word with | » mm exposure, shame, disgrace, rd a Ldoia. I can hardly imagine this to be correct (see Cureton, Spicil., p. 14, 11. 16 — 19 ; Wright, Catalogue , p. 1161, col. 2, 11. 4, 20; and compare in the present work, in ch. xe, ]JclCOCL£) for ]JclCCL£D). To me it appears that it is only an ex- 10 0 •» PCLju£QJ ; etc,; not to mention Persian and Teutonic analogies. ^ ^ J. S. a 2 CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYLITE. besides these things, there were found therein great encomiums of myself, which made me much ashamed even when alone with my own soul, because not one of them pertains to me in reality. Now I would fain write the things that are in thee, but the eye of my understanding is unable to examine and see, such as it actually is, the marvellous robe (cttoA?)) which thy energetic will hath woven for thee and clothed thee therewith ; for it is clearly manifest that thou burnest with the love that fulfils the law, since thou carest not only for the brethren that are under thy authority at this time, but also for all the lovers of learning that may hereafter enter thy blessed monastery ; and in thy diligence thou wishest to leave in writing memorials of the chastisements which have been wrought in our times because of our sins, so that, when they read and see the things that have befallen us, they may take warning by our sins and be delivered from our punishments. One must wonder at the fulness of thy love, which is poured out upon all men, that it is not exhausted nor faileth. Indeed I am unable to speak of it as it is, because I have not been nigh unto its working ; nor do I know how to tell about it from a single interview which I have had with thee. II. Like Jonathan, the true friend, thou hast bound thy¬ self to me in love. But that the soul of Jonathan clave unto the soul of David, after he saw that the giant was slain by his hands and the camp delivered, is not so marvellous as this, because he loved him for his good deeds ; whereas thou hast loved me more than thyself, without having seen anything that was good in me. Nor is Jonathan’s delivering of David from death at the hands of Saul deserving of wonder in comparison with this (doing) of thine, because he still requited unto him something that was due to him ; for he first delivered him from death, and gave life unto him and all his father’s house, that they should not die by the hands of the Philistine. And though nothing like this has been done by me unto thee, thou art at all times praying unto God for me, that I may be delivered from Satan, and that he may not slay me through sins. But this I must say, that thou lovest me as David did Saul ; for thou art intoxicated by the greatness of thy affection to such a degree that, because of the fervency of thy love, thou knowest not what my measure is, but imaginest regarding me THE AUTHOR’S PREFACE. 3 things which are far beyond me. For in the time preceding this, thou didst supply my deficiencies by the teaching con¬ tained in thy letters ; and thou didst take such care for me as parents do, who, though they have not profited aught by their children, yet care for everything that they need. And today in thy discretion thou hast humbled thyself, and hast begged me to write for thee things that are too hard for me, that hereby thou mightest be especially exalted ; and though thou knowest them better than I do, thou wishest to learn them from me. So neither do I grudge thee this, nor do I decline to do what thou hast commanded. III. Know then that I too, when I saw these signs that were wrought and the chastisements that came after them, was thinking that they were worthy of being written down and preserved in some record, and not let fall into oblivion. But whereas I considered the weakness of my mind and my own utter ignorance (IStcorela), I declined to do this. Now however that thou hast bidden me do this very thing, I am in such fear as a man who, not knowing how to swim well, is ordered to go down into deep waters. But because I rely on thy prayers to draw me out, which are constantly sent up by thee unto God on my behalf, I believe that I shall be providentially saved from drowning and drawn forth from the sea into which thou hast cast me ; since I shall swim as best I can in its shallows, because its depths cannot be explored. For who is able to tell fittingly concerning those things which God hath wrought in His wisdom to wipe out sins and to chastise offences? For the exact nature of God’s government is hidden even from the angels, as thou mayest learn from the parable of the tares in the Gospel*. For when his servants said unto the master of the house, “ Wilt thou that we go and gather them up ? ” he that knew the things as they were said unto them, “ Nay, lest while ye gather up the tares, ye root up also the wheat with them.” This then we say according to our know¬ ledge, that because of the multitude of our sins our chastise¬ ments were abundant ; and had not the protection of God embraced the whole world so that it should not be dissolved, the lives of all mankind would probably have perished. For at * S. Matthew, ch. xiii. 24. 4 CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYLITE. what times did afflictions like these happen with such violence, save in these (times) in which wTe live ? And because the cause of them has not been removed, they have not even yet ceased. In addition to that which we saw with our own eyes and heard with our own ears, and amid which we lived, there terrified us also rumours from far and near, and calamities that befel in various places ; terrible earthquakes, overturnings of cities, famines and pestilences, wars and tumults, captivity and deportation of whole districts, rasings and burning of churches. And whereas these things have amazed thee by their frequency, thou hast sent unto me to write them down with words of grief and sorrow, which shall astonish both readers and hearers ; and I know that thou hast said this through thy zeal for good things, that there may be contrition also in those who hear them, and that they may draw nigh unto repentance. IV. But know that it is one thing for a man to write sadly, and another (to write) truly ; for any man who is endowed with natural eloquence can, if he chooses, write sad and melancholy tales. But I am a plain man in speech, and I record in this book those things which all men that are in our country can testify to be true ; and it is for them who read and hear, when they have examined them, if they please, to draw nigh unto repentance. But perchance one may say, “ What profit have those who read from these things, if admonition be not mingled with the recital?” I for my part, as one who is not able to do this, say that these chastisements which have come upon us are sufficient to rebuke us and our posterity, and to teach us by the memory and reading of them that they were sent upon us for our sins. If they did not teach us this, they would be quite useless to us. But this cannot be said, because chastisements supply to us the place of teaching ; and that they are sent upon us for our sins all believers under heaven testify, in accordance with the words of S. Paul, who says *, “ When we are chastened, we are chastened of the Lord, that we should not be condemned with the world.” For the whole object of men being chastened in this world is that they may be restrained from their sins, and that the judgement of the world to come may be made light for * 1 Corinthians, ch. xi. 32. THE AUTHOR’S PREFACE. 5 them. As for those who are chastised because of sinners, whilst they themselves have not sinned, a double reward shall be added unto them. But there is mercy at all times even for those who are unworthy, because of the kindness and grace and longsuffering of God, who willeth that this world should last until the time that is decreed in His knowledge that forge tteth not. And that these things are so is clear both from the evidences of holy Scripture and from the things that have taken place among us, which we purpose to write down. Y. For behold, there leaned heavily upon us the calamities of hunger and of pestilence in the time of the locusts, so that we were well nigh going to destruction ; but God had mercy upon us, though we were unworthy, and gave us a little respite * from the calamities that pressed upon us. And this, as I have said, was because of His goodness. But He changed our torments, after we had had some respite, and smote us by the hands of the Assyrian, who is called the rod of anger ■j*. Now I do not wish to deny the free will of the Persians, when I say that God smote us by their hands ; nor do I, after God, bring forward any blame of their wickedness; but reflecting that, because of our sins, He has not inflicted any punishment on them, I have set it down that He smote us by their hands. Now the pleasure of this wicked people is abundantly made evident by this, that they have not shown mercy unto those who were delivered up unto them ; for they have been accustomed to show their pleasure and to rejoice in evil done to the children of men, wherewith the Prophet too taunts them and says, prophesying regarding the desolation of Babylon as it were by the mouth of the Lord j : “I was wroth with my people, who defiled mine inheritance ; and I delivered them into thy hands, and thou didst show them no mercy.” Unto us too, therefore, they have similarly wrought harm in their pitiless pleasure, according to their wont. For though the rod of their chastise¬ ment did not reach our bodies, and they were unable to make themselves masters of our city, (because it is not possible for the promise of Christ to be made void, who promised the believing king Abgar, saying, “Thy city shall be blessed, and no enemy * J , ‘5 breathing-space.” t Isaiah, ch. x. 5. X Isaiah, ch. xlvii. 6. 6 CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYLITE. shall ever make himself master of it*”;) yet, because of the believers who were spoiled and led away captive and slain and destroyed in the other cities which were captured, and who were like mud in the streets, all those have tasted no small degree of suffering who have learned to sympathise with them that suffer. And those too who were far away from this (sight) have been tortured with fear for their own lives by their lack of faith, for they thought that the enemy would make himself master of Edessa too, as he had done of other cities. About which things we are going to write unto thee. YI. Since then, according to the saying of the wise Solomon-)*, “War is brought about by provocation and thou wishest to learn this very thing, namely by what causes it was provoked; it is my intention to inform theeAwhence these causes took their rise J, even at the risk of its being thought that I speak of things the time of which is long past. And then, after a little, I will make known to thee too how these causes acquired strength. For although this war was stirred up against us because of our sins, yet it took its origin in certain obvious facts, which I am going to relate to thee, that thou mayest be clearly acquainted with the whole subject, and not be led, along with some foolish persons, to blame the all-ruling and believing emperor Anastasius. For he was not the exciting cause of the war, but it was provoked from a much earlier time, as thou mayest understand from the things that I am going to write unto thee. VII. In the year 609 (a.d. 297— 8) § the Greeks got possession of || the city of NisibisIF, and it remained under their * On the promise of our Lord to king Abgar that Edessa should never be captured by an enemy, see Cureton, Ancient Syriac Documents, p. 10 and p. 152; Phillips, The Doctrine of Acldai, p. .1 and p. 5; Lipsius, Die Eclessenische Abgar- Sage Jcritisch untersucht (Braunschweig, 1880), pp. 16 — 21. + Proverbs, ch. xxiv. 6. J Literally, called. § The era of Alexander, or of the Greeks, begins with October 312 b.c. || The MS. has built or rebuilt , o ^ • but we should probably read either sacked, 0|«O, or got possession of, Q.2LO. The former has the support of a • • similar passage in chapter xlviii. IT Nd, the carrying away captive of the inhabitants into slavery. )Al is the deportation of the whole population from one district to another. See ch. iii. 8 CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYLITE. in the year 707 (A. D. 395 — G), in the days of the emperors Honorius and Arcadius, the sons of Theodosius the Great, when all Syria was delivered into their hands by the treachery of the prefect* * * § Rufinus and the supineness of the general ( (TTparyXdrr 7?) Addai. X. By the help of the money which he received from the Greeks, Peroz subdued the Huns, and took many places from their land and added them to his own kingdom ; but at last he was taken prisoner by them. When Zenon, the emperor of the Greeks, heard this, he sent money of his own and freed him, and reconciled him with them. Peroz made a treaty with the Huns that he would not again cross the boundary of their territory to make war with them ; but he went back from and broke his covenant, like Zedekiah*|*, and went to war, and like him he was delivered into the hands of his enemies, and all his army was destroyed and dispersed, and he himself was taken alive. He promised in his pride that he would give for the safety of his life thirty mules laden with silver coinj; and he sent to his country over which he ruled, but he could hardly collect twenty loads, for by his former wars he had completely emptied the treasury of the king who preceded him. Instead therefore of the other ten loads, he placed with them as a pledge and hostage (op/^po?) his son Kawad§, until he should send them, and he made an agreement with them for the second time that he would not ao^ain 2^0 to war. O O XI. When he returned to his kingdom, he imposed a poll- tax || on his whole country, and sent the ten loads of silver coin, and delivered his son. But he again collected an army and went to war ; and the word of the Prophet was in very reality fulfilled regarding him, who says IT, “ I saw the wicked uplifted like the trees of the forest, but when I passed by he was not, and I sought him but did not find him.” For when a battle * "T7rap%os rod irpaiTupiov or Trjs avXys. See Du Cange, Glossarium ad Scriptores mediae et ivjimae Graecitatis , “'Enrapxos. f 1 Kings, ch. xxiv. 20; 2 Chronicles, ch. xxxvi. 13; Jeremiah, ch. lii. 3. 1 1101 , zvze, drachmas or dirhams. § See Noeldeke, Gesch. d. Perser u. s. w., p. 135, note 1. II head-money. H Psalm xxxvii, 35, 36. PEROZ. ZENON. BASILISCUS. ILLUS. 9 took place, and the two hosts * were mingled together in confusion, his whole force was destroyed, and he himself was sought but not found ; nor to the present day is it known what became of him, whether he was buried under the bodies of the slain, or threw himself into the sea, or hid himself in a cave under ground and perished of hunger, or concealed himself in a wood and was devoured by wild beasts. XII. In the days of Peroz the Greek empire too was in disorder; for the officials of the palace (7 tclXcltlov) hated the emperor Zenon because he was an Isaurian by race, and Basiliscus-f* rebelled against him and became emperor in his stead. Afterwards, however, Zenon strengthened himself and was reestablished on the throne. And because he had had experience of the hatred of many towards him, he prepared for himself an impregnable fortress J in his own country ; so that, if any harm should befal him, it might be a place of refuge for him. His confidant in this was the military governor ( arparr /- Xcri-???) of Antioch, by name Illus, who was likewise an Isaurian ; for he bestowed posts of honour and authority upon all his countrymen, and for this reason he was much hated by the Greeks. XIII. When the fortress was fully equipped with every¬ thing necessary for it, and a countless sum of money § had been deposited there by Illus, he came to the capital (Constantinople) to inform Zenon that he had executed his will. But Zenon, because he knew that he was a traitor and was aiming at the soverainty, ordered one of the soldiers to kill him. After the person to whom this commission had been given was for many days seeking an opportunity || of executing it secretly, but found none, he accidentally met Illus inside the palace, and drew his sword and raised it to smite him. Instantly, however, one of the soldiers who formed the retinue of Illus struck him * Literally, camps. + The Syriac text has Basilicus. t To IlaTrovpiov kcutt^Wiv or to Hairovptov KaareWt-v, which afterwards served as a last refuge for the rebels Illus and Leontius (ch. xvii). See Theophanis Chronographia , ed. Classen, vol. i, pp. 196, 201, 203, 204. § Literally, much gold without tale. || The word jjL. »CLL is not given in any of the native Syriac lexicons to which I have access, but its meaning is evident from this passage and that in ch. lix. J. S. b 10 CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYLITE. with a knife on the arm, and the sword fell from his hand and merely cut off Ulus’s ear. Zenon, in order that his treachery towards Ulus might not he disclosed, at once gave orders that that soldier’s head should he cut off, without any inquiry. But this very circumstance only made Ulus think the more that Zenon had ordered him ; and he arose and departed thence and went down to Antioch, having made up his mind that, when¬ ever an opportunity offered, he would take measures to requite him. XIV. Zenon, being afraid of Ulus, because he knew his evil design, despatched to him at Antioch certain men of standing, and sent him word to come up to him (to Constanti¬ nople), as if he wished to make excuses to him, pretending that that treachery was not committed at his instigation, but that he did not wish to kill him. However he could not soften the hard heart of Illus ; for he despised him, and did not choose to obey his command and go to him. At last Zenon sent to him another general, whose name was Leontius, with the troops under his orders, and bade him bring Illus up to him by force, and if he offered any resistance even to kill him. When this man arrived at Antioch, he was corrupted by the gold of Illus, and disclosed to him the order which had been given to him to put him to death. And when Illus saw that he had hidden nothing from him, he too showed him a large quantity of gold that he had in his hands, for the sake of which Zenon was wishing to kill him ; and he persuaded Leontius to conspire with him and to rebel along with him, pointing out to him also the hatred of the Greeks towards Zenon. After he had consented, Illus was able to disclose his design, for alone he could not rebel nor make himself emperor, because the Greeks hated him too on account of his race and of his hardness of heart. XV. Leontius then became emperor at Antioch in name, whilst Illus was in fact the administrator of affairs. As some say, he was even scheming to kill Leontius, in case they should overcome Zenon. But there was in their following a certain rascally conjuror, by name Pamprepius*, who confounded and upset all their plans by his perfidy. In order that their throne * Ha/j.irp^7TLos. See Lebeau, Histoire du, Bas-Empire, ed. Saint-Martin, t. vii, p. 132. ZENON. ILLUS AND LEONTIUS. 11 might be firmly established, they sent ambassadors to Persia, with a large sum of money, to conclude a treaty of friendship, . * or, if they required an army to help them, they should send it to them. When Zenon heard of what had happened at Antioch, he sent thither one of his generals, whose name was J ohn -f-, with a large army. XVI. When Ulus and Leontius J heard of the great force that was coming against them, their hearts trembled ; and the people of Antioch too were afraid that they might not be able to stand a siege, and called on them tumultuously to quit the city, and, if they were able, to meet [John in] battle. This caused Ulus and Leontius much anxiety, and they formed plans for quitting Antioch, and crossing the river Euphrates eastwards. And they sent one of their partisans, whose name was Matronianus §, with five hundred horsemen, to establish their authority in Edessa as a seat of government. The Edessenes, however, rose up against him, and closed the gates of the city, and guarded the wall after the fashion of war, and did not let him enter. XVII. When Illus and Leontius heard this, they were forced to meet John in battle ; but they were not strong enough for this, because John fell upon them manfully, and destroyed the greater part of the troops that were with them, while the rest were scattered every man to his city. They themselves, being unable to bear his onslaught, took those that were left with them, and made their escape to the fortress of which I have said above that it was impregnable and well provided with stores of every kind (ch. xii). John pursued after them, but did not overtake them, and encamped around || the fortress and kept watching it. They, because they relied upon the impreg¬ nability of the fortress, let the troops that were with them go * The first alternative in their proposal seems to have been accidentally omitted by the scribe. f John the Scythian. See Lebeau, op. cit., t. vii, p. 138. J 0 i 7 repl [afxcpl) TAW teal Aeoi >tlov. That in this and similar phrases, here and in the next chapter, Illus and Leontius are chiefly or solely meant, is clear from the words ^octujZ ^^oZ] , “both of them were put to death,” in ch. xvii. I have translated accordingly. § Assemani writes Metroninus ; see Bibliotheca Orientalis, t. i, p. 264, col. 1. || This translation is not quite exact, a word being illegible in the MS. 12 CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYLITE. down, retaining with them only chosen men and valiant. J ohn appeased his fury upon those who came down from the fortress, but was unable to harm Illus and Leontius in any way. Now because of the difficulty of the natural position of the fortress, it was also rendered wonderfully impregnable by the work of men’s hands, and there was no path leading up to it save one, by which, because of its narrowness, not even two persons could ascend at once. However, after a considerable time, when all John’s stratagems were exhausted, Illus and Leontius were betrayed by those who were with them, and were taken captive in their sleep. By the order of Zenon both of them were put to death, as well as those who betrayed them, and the hands of all who were with them were cut off. Such were the troubles of the Greek empire in the days of Peroz. XVIII. After the sudden disappearance of Peroz, which I have mentioned above (ch. xi), his brother Balash * reigned over the Persians in his place. This was a humble man and fond of peace. He found nothing in the Persian treasury, and his land was laid waste and depopulated by the Huns, (for thou in thy wisdom dost not forget what expense and outlay kings incur in wars, even when they are victorious, and how much more when they are defeated,) and from the Greeks he had no help of any kind such as his brother had. For he sent ambassadors to Zenon, asking him to send him money ; but because he was occupied with the war against Illus and Leontius, and because he also remembered the money that had been sent by them at the commencement of their rebellion, which still remained there in Persia, he did not choose to send him anything, save this verbal message : “ The taxes of Nisibis which thou receivest are enough for thee, which for many years past have been due to the Greeks.” XIX. Balash then, because he had no money to maintain his troops, was despised in their eyes. The priesthood -f- too hated him, because he was trying to abolish their laws, and wishing to build baths (ftaXaveia) in the cities for bathing j ; * See Noeldeke, Gesch. der Perser u. s. w., p. 133, and Zeitschrift der D. M. G., Bd xxviii, pp. 94, 95. t ]_»CL-y^SD, the Magi. See Noeldeke, Gesch. d. Perser u. s. w\, p. 450. X See Noeldeke, op. cit., p. 134, note 5. BALASH. KAWAD. ANASTASIUS. 13 and when they saw that he was not counted aught in the eyes of his troops, they took him and blinded him, and set up in his stead Kawad *, the son of his brother Peroz, whose name we have mentioned above (ch. x), who was left as a hostage among the Huns, and who it was that stirred up the war with the Greeks, because they did not give him money. For he sent ambassadors, and a large elephant as a present to the emperor, that he might send him money. But before the ambassadors reached Antioch in Syria, Zenon died, and Anastasius became emperor after him. When the Persian ambassador informed his master Kawad of this change in the Greek government, he sent him word to go up with diligence and to demand the customary money, or else to say to the emperor, “ Take war.” XX. And so, instead of speaking words of peace and salutation, as he ought to have done, and of rejoicing with him on the commencement of the soverainty which had been newly granted him by God, he irritated the mind of the believing emperor Anastasius with threatening words. But when he heard his boastful language, and learned about his evil conduct, and that he had reestablished the abominable sect (ai'peo-ts) of the magi which is called that of the Zaradushtakan j-, (which teaches that women should be in common, and that every one should have connexion with whom he pleases,) and that he had wrought harm to the Armenians who were under his sway, because they would not worship fire, he despised him, and did not send him the money, but sent him word, saying, “ As Zenon, who reigned before me, did not send it, so neither will I send it, until thou restorest to me Nisibis ; for the wars are not trifling which I have to carry on with the barbarians who are called the Germans, and with those who are called the Blemyes J, and with * See Noeldeke, op. cit., p. 135. f The followers of Mazdak, the son of Bamdadh, who was the disciple of Zaraduslit, the son of Khoragan. See Noeldeke, Gescli. d. Perser u. s. w., pp. 455 — 467, especially pp. 456 — 7. X BXtpves or BXep/uives, an Ethiopian or negro race, who used to harry Upper * Egypt. Quatremere, in his Memoires geogr. et histor. sur VEgypte, t. ii, p. 131, identified them with the Buja, %u!l or iflsaA of the Arabian geographers ; but they seem rather to be the same as the Bellyun (?) of al-Idrisi, See Dozy and De Goeje, Description de VAfrique et de VEspagne par Edrisi, pp. v \ , { y, and pp. 26, 32. 14 CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYLITE. many others : and I will not neglect the Greek troops and feed thine.” XXL When the Armenians who were under the rule of Kawad heard that he had not received a peaceful answer from the Greeks, they took courage and strengthened themselves, and destroyed the fire-temples that had been built by the Persians in their land, and massacred the magi who were among them. Kawad sent against them a general * with an army to chas¬ tise them and make them return to the worship of fire ; but they fought with him, and destroyed both him and his army, and sent ambassadors to our emperor, offering to become his subjects. He however was unwilling to receive them, that he might not be thought to be stirring up war with the Persians. Let those therefore who blame him because he did not give the money, rather blame him who demanded what was not his as if by force ; for had he asked for it peaceably and by persuasion, it would have been sent to him ; but he hardened his heart like Pharaoh, and used threats of war. But we place our trust in the justice of God, that He will bring upon him a greater punishment than that of the other because of his filthy laws, for he wished to violate the law of nature and to destroy the path of the fear of God. XXII. Next the whole of the Kadish&ye who were under his sway rebelled against him, and wanted to enter Nisibis, and to set up in it a king of their own ; and they fought against it for a considerable time. The Tamur^eJ too, who dwell in the land of the Persians, when they saw that nothing was given to them by him, rebelled against him. These placed their trust in the lofty mountains amid which they dwelt, and used to come down and spoil and plunder the villages around them, and (rob) the merchants, both forainers and natives of the place, and then go up again. The nobles too of his kingdom hated him, because he had allowed their wives to commit adultery. The * The word in the original is marztibana or marzbdn, which signifies in Persian “warden of the marches,” or what the Germans call “Markgraf.” It is nearly equivalent to the older term of “satrap.” See Noeldeke, Gesch. d. Perser u. s. w., p. 102, note 2, and p. 446. t They dwelt in the neighbourhood of Sinjar and Dara. See Noeldeke in the Zeitsclirift d. D. M. G., Bd xxxiii, p. 157. X See Noeldeke, loc. cit ., p. 158, note 4. ISAURIAN REBELLION. KAWAD. ZAMASHP. 15 Arabs* also who were under his sway, when they saw the confusion of his kingdom, likewise made predatory raids, as far as their strength permitted, throughout the whole Persian territory. XXIII. There arose at this time another trouble in the Greek territory also; for the Isaurians, after the death of Zenon, rebelled against the emperor Anastasius, and were wishing to set up an emperor who was pleasing to themselves ~f*. When Kawad heard this, he thought that he had found his opportunity, and sent ambassadors to the Greek territory, thinking that they would be afraid and would send him money, since the Isaurians had rebelled against them. But the emperor Anastasius sent him word, saying, “ If thou askest it as a loan, I will send it to thee ; but if as a matter of custom, I will not neglect the Greek armies, which are sore put to it in the war with the Isaurians, and become a helper of the Persians.” By these words the spirit of Kawad was humbled, because his plan had not suc¬ ceeded. The Isaurians were overcome and destroyed and slaughtered, and all their cities were rased and burned. The Persian grandees plotted in secret to slay Kawad, on account of his impure morals and perverse laws; and when this became known to him, he abandoned his kingdom, and fled to the territory of the Huns, to the king at whose court he had been brought up when he was a hostage. XXI Y. His brother Zamashp^; reigned in his stead over the Persians. Kawad himself took to wife among the Huns his sisters daughter §. His sister had been led captive thither in the war in which his father was slain ; and because she was a kings daughter, she became the wife of the king of the Huns, and he had a daughter by her ||. When Kawad fled thither, she gave him this daughter to wife. Being emboldened by having become the king’s son-in-law, he used to weep before him every * In the text Taiyaye, which originally designated the Arabs of the tribe of Sp \ Taiyi’, s , one of the most powerful in northern Arabia. t See Lebeau, op. cit., t. vii, p. 229 sqq. X See Noeldeke, Gescli. d. Terser u. s. w., p. 142 and note 2. § See Noeldeke, op. cit., p. 137, note 1. || See Noeldeke, op. cit., p. 130, with notes 1 and 3. 16 CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYLITE. day, imploring him to give him the aid of an army, that he might go and kill the grandees and establish himself on his throne. His father-in-law gave him a by no means small army, according to his request. When he reached the land of the Persians, his brother heard of it, and fled before him, and he accomplished his wish and slew the grandees. He also sent a message to the Tamuraye, threatening them that, if they did not submit to him of their own accord, they would be conquered in war; but, if they would join his army, that they should enter with him the Greek territory, and out of the spoil of that country he would distribute to them all that had been wrongly withheld from them (see ch. xxii). They were afraid of the Hunnish army, and yielded to him. The Kadishaye, who were encamped against Nisibis (ch. xxii), when they heard this, submitted likewise. And the Arabs, when they learned that he was going to make war with the Greeks, crowded to him with great alacrity. The Armenians, on the other hand, who were afraid lest he should take vengeance on them because of those fire-temples which they had rased in time past, were unwilling to obey him. But he collected an army and went to war with them ; and though he was too strong for them, he did not destroy them, but promised them that he would not even compel them to worship fire, if they would be his auxiliaries in the war with the Greeks. They consented most unwillingly, because they were afraid. What things Kawad did after he entered the Greek borders, I will tell thee hereafter in their proper time ; but just now, as thou hast bidden me to write unto thee also about the signs and chastisements which took place, in their due order, and about the locusts and the pestilence and the dearth, and these are antecedent in point of time, I will turn my discourse unto them. And that the narrative may not be confused, I will set down the years separately, one by one, and under each of them, by and for itself, I will state what happened in it, God being my helper by the aid of the prayers of thee His elect. PIAGUE OF BOILS. FESTIVAL AT EDESSA. 17 XXV. The year of Alexander 806 (a.d. 494 — 5). Con¬ cerning then the cause of the war, and how it was provoked, I have, as I think, sufficiently informed thee, O our father, though I have written down these narratives in brief terms, because I was anxious to avoid prolixity. Some of them I found in old books ; others I learned from meeting with men who had acted as ambassadors to both monarchs ; and others from those who were present at these occurrences. But now I am going to inform thee of the things that happened with us, because with this year commenced the violent chastisements and the signs that have taken place in our own days. XXVI. At this time our bodies were perfectly sound all over, but the pains and diseases of our souls were many. But God, who finds pleasure in sinners when they repent of their sins and live, made our bodies as it were a mirror for us, and filled our whole bodies with sores, that by means of our exterior He might show us what our interior was like unto, and that, by means of the scars of our bodies, we might learn how hideous were the scars of our souls. And as all the people had sinned, all of them were smitten with this plague. For there were swellings and tumours* upon all the people of our city, and the faces of many gathered and became full of matter, and they presented a horrid sight. There were some whose whole bodies were full of boils or pustules, down even to the palms of their hands and the soles of their feet ; whilst others had large holes in their several limbs. However, by the goodness of God which protected them, the pain did not last long with any one, nor did any defect or injury result in the body ; but, though the scars of the sores were quite plain after healing, the limbs were preserved in such a state as to fulfil their functions in the body. At this time thirty modii of wheat were sold at Edessa for a dinar, and fifty of barley -f. XXVII. The year 807 (a.d. 495 — 6). On the 17th of A Iyar (May) in this year, when blessings were sent down * The word }£L2U is explained in the native glossaries by + is the Latin viodius. By |;JL_»5, dinar (the Latin denarius), is here meant the Byzantine aureus. J. S. C 18 CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYLITE. abundantly from heaven upon all men, and the crops by the blessing (of God) were abundant, and rain was falling, and the fruits of the earth were growing in their season, the greater part of the citizens (of Edessa) cut off all hope of safety for their lives by sinning openly. Being plunged in all sorts of luxurious pleasures, they did not even send up thanks for the gifts of God, but were neglectful of [this duty], and corrupted by the diseases of sins. And as if the secret and open sins in which they were indulging were not enough for them, they were present on the day above specified, that is to say, on the night between the Friday and Saturday*, [at the place] where the dancer (op%??crT?7?) who was named Trimerius was dancing -f\ They kindled lamps without number in honour of this festival, a custom which was previously unknown in this city. These were arranged by them on the ground along the river J from the gate of the Theatre § as far as the gate of the Arches ||. They placed on its bank lighted lamps (fcav&yXcu), and hung them in the porticoes (aroai), in the town-hall If, in the upper streets**, * Literally, which is the day of Friday, the dawning of the Saturday. f See the note on the Syriac text. O 7 X The Daisan, ^ or Kara Koyun, which now flows round the northern part of the city, but in ancient times ran right through it from N.W. to S.E., parallel to, or perhaps coinciding with, the modern 'Ain al-Khalil or 'Ain Ibrahim. § This was apparently on the eastern side of the city, at the exit of the Daisan. w 1/Laa. See Cureton, Ancient Syriac Documents , p. 1. 22. But my friend Professor G. Hoffmann, of Kiel, reads “to the gate of the Grottoes” or “Tombs,” meaning thereby the grottoes or tombs cut out in the range of heights to the west of the city. At any rate, this gate lay on the west side of the city, at or near the entrance of the Daisan. If '0 avTLcpopos, the town-hall (perhaps so called from its being situated ante forum). See Procopius, De Aedifciis , ii. 7, ed. Dindorf, t. iii, p. 229. ** If the conjecture IdQaSO be right, the “upper streets” are those in the S.W. corner of the city, where there is a hill, on which lay the old town (his) of king Abgar with its buildings and fortifications. See the account of the great flood, A. Gr. 513, a. d. 201, in Assemani, Bibl. Orient., t. i, pp. 390 — 3. The reading of the MS. is, however, very uncertain. Originally it seems to have MIRACLE. BISHOP CYRUS. GOVERNOR ALEXANDER. 19 and in many (other) places. Because of this wickedness a marvellous sign was wrought by God to reprove them. For the symbol of the Cross, which the statue (avSpcas - avra ) of the blessed emperor Constantine held in its hand, receded from the hand of the statue about one cubit, and remained thus during the Friday and Saturday until evening. On the Sunday the symbol came of its own accord and drew nigh to its place, and the statue took it in its hand, as it had held it before. By means of this sign the discreet understood that the thing that had been done was very far removed from what was pleasing unto God. XXVIII. The year 808 (a.d. 496 — 7). This sign from above was not sufficient for us to restrain us from our sins ; on the contrary, we became more audacious, and gave ourselves up easily to sins. The small slandered their neighbours, and the great were full of respect of persons. Envy and treachery prevailed among all of us ; and adultery and fornication abounded. The plague of boils became more prevalent among the people, and the e}^es of many were destroyed both in the city and the (surrounding) villages. Mar Cyrus * the bishop displayed a seemly zeal, and exhorted the citizens to make a small litter f of silver in honour of the eucharistic vessels, that they might be placed in it when they were going to minister with them at the commemoration of one of the martyrs. Every one gave according to his means, but Eutychianus, the husband of AureliaJ, was the first to show right good will, giving a hundred dinars of his own property. XXIX. Anastasius the governor ( r/yeycov ) was dismissed, and Alexander came in his place at the end of this year. He cleared the streets of the city of filth, and swept away the had which was subsequently altered into . if 1 A W .no m n be correct, it would seem to mean “the corn-market” * Mar , shortened from Mari , means “my lord.” f AeKTLKior , lectica. The word is feminine in Syriac, like from dij/xoaiov. J Aurelia is only a conjectural emendation. See the note on the Syriac text. Assemani gives Irene, Bill. Orient., t. i, p. 267, col. 2. 20 CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYL1TE. booths* which had been built by the artisans in the porticoes and streets. He also placed a box (raficoTos) in front of his palace (7 rpatroopLov), and made a hole in the lid of it, and wrote thereon, that, if any one wished to make known anything, and it was not easy for him to do so openly, he should write it down and throw it into it without fear. By reason of this he learned many things which many people wrote down and threw into it. He used to sit regularly every Friday in the church*)* of S. John the Baptist and S. Addai the Apostle, and to settle legal causes without any expense. And the wronged took courage against their wrongers, and the plundered against their plunderers, and brought their causes before him, and he decided them. Some causes which were more than fifty years old, and had never been inquired into, were brought before him and settled. He con¬ structed the covered walk (TreplrraTos - ov)\ , which was beside the gate of the Arches §. He began also to build the public bath (Siyaocriov), which had been planned years before to be built beside the granary || of corn. He gave orders that the artisans should hang over their shops on the eve of Sunday Tf crosses with five lighted lamps (< fiavol ) attached to them. XXX. The year 809 (a. d. 497 — 8). Whilst these things were taking place, there came round again the time of that festival at which the heathen tales were sung ; and the citizens (of Edessa) took even more pains about it than usual. For seven days previously they were going up in crowds to the * "jAA-^SO, or more commonly ]AAl£^Ad, |An. AmVy plural of y y 7 7 ^ c ^ ^ G ^ or in Arabic 5 , in later Hebrew perhaps ultimately from crrt/3ds -a8a, crTifiiJiiov. T 1 ' J t • ; • 7 + "bcTLCD Aju£:, IxapTvptov, a church in which the relics of a saint or saints are preserved. t In Byzantine writers Trepiiraros means a rampart (see Du Cange), but here the word appears to bear its older sense of covered walk, cloister. Martin, however, renders the word by “un Paropton,” and adds: u irapoirrov designait, a proprement parler, la piece de bain nommde le Galidaire .” § See above, p. 18, note ||. || The MS. reads , which may be derived from gltlkos, or may perhaps be an error for , a ltojv -uva, gitlIviov. H I.e., on the night between Saturday and Sunday. FESTIVAL AT EDESSA. FALL OF BATHHOUSE. 21 theatre at eventide, clad in linen garments, and wearing tur¬ bans*, with their loins ungirt. Lamps ( fcavSrj\ai ) were lighted before them, and they were burning incense, and holding vigils the whole night, walking about the city and praising the dancer until morning, with singing and shouting and lewd behaviour (arprjvos). For these reasons they neglected also to go to prayer, and not one of them bestowed a thought on his duty, but in their pride they mocked at the modesty of their fathers, who, quoth they, “ did not know how to do these things as we do ” ; and they kept saying that the inhabitants of the city in the olden times were simpletons and fools (ISidorcu). In this way they became daring in their impiety, and there was none to warn or rebuke or admonish. For although Xenaias, the bishop ( Iitigkoito 9) of MabbogJ, was at the time in Edessa, — of whom beyond all others it was thought that he had taken upon him to labour in teaching, — yet he did not speak with them on this subject more than one day. But God in His mercy showed them clearly the care which He had for them, that they might be restrained from their iniquity. For the two colonnades (f$a and it is possible that we should read U5a A » the urinal or latrine. From j2.5o._*_iZ)Z, urina, is * derived the Arabic medical term s 22 CHKONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYLITE. Whilst they were laying hold of it from opposite sides, to make it revolve, they were delayed by this struggle as to which of them should get out first, and the stones fell upon them and they died. All sensible men gave thanks to God that He had preserved the city from having to mourn for many ; for this bath was to have been opened* in a few days. So complete was its downfall that even the lowest ranges of stone, which were laid on the surface of the ground, were uprooted from their places. XXXI. In this same year was issued an edict of the emperor Anastasius that the money should be remitted which the artisans used to pay once in four years f, and that they should be freed from the impost. This edict was issued, not only in Edessa, but in all the cities of the Greek empire. The Edessenes used to pay once in four years one hundred and forty pounds of gold J. The whole city rejoiced, and they all put on white garments, both small and great, and carried lighted tapers (/cyp leaves) and censers full of burning incense, and went forth with psalms and hymns, giving thanks to God and praising the emperor, to the church of S. Sergius and S. Simeon, where they celebrated the eucharist. They then reentered the city, and kept a glad and merry festival during the whole week, and enacted that they should celebrate this festival every year. All the artisans were reclining and enjoying themselves, bathing, and feasting § in the court of the (great) Church || and in all the porticoes of the city. * This is merely a quid pro quo. If VkkTd’Z be correct, it can only mean that “this bath was to have let (people) bathe in a few days.” f The tax called xpt/cra/ryupoz'. See Lebeau, op. cit., t. vii, p. 247. J Xirpcu, librae. The word was used by the Phoenicians of Sardinia in the second century b.c. (Sard, triling. 1, nxa mb1? *?£>{?&), ana stm G ^ survives in Arabic in the shape of ritl or rati, J h' § The word rendered “feasting,” , means literally “reclining” (or, as we should say, “sitting”) at table. The word translated “bathing” was very doubtful in the MS., and has now altogether disappeared. || By “the Church” par excellence we are, I suppose, to understand “the great Church of S. Thomas the Apostle” (see Assemani, Bibl. Orient., t. i, p. 399). It is uncertain, however, whether the actual reading of the manuscript is not to to , “ in the courts of the churches. ” BISHOP PETER. GOVERNOR DEMOSTHENES. EARTHQUAKE. 23 XXXII. In this year, on the 5th of the month of Khaziran (June), Mar Cyrus the bishop departed this life, and Peter succeeded him *. He added to the festivals of the year that of Palm Sunday. He also established the custom of consecrating the water on the night immediately preceding the feast of the Epiphany; and he prayed -f* over the oil of unction on the Thursday (in Passion Week) before the whole people; besides regulating the other feasts. Alexander the governor was dismissed, and Demosthenes succeeded him. By his order all the porticoes of the city were whitewashed, whereat persons of experience were much annoyed, for they said that it was a warning sign of approaching evils that were to befal their home j. XXXIII. The year 810 (a.d. 498 — 9). A proof of God's justice was manifested towards us at this time, for the correction of our evil conduct ; for in the month of Iyar (May) of this year, when the day arrived for the celebration of that wicked heathen festival, there came a vast quantity of locusts into our country from the south. They did not, however, destroy or harm anything in this year, but merely laid their eggs§ in our country in no small quantity. After their eggs were deposited in the ground, there were terrible earthquakes in the land ; and it is clear that they took place to awaken the people out of the sin in which they were plunged, that they might not be (further) chastised by famine and pestilence. XXXIV. In the month of Ab (August) of this year there came an edict from the emperor Anastasius that the fights of wild beasts in the amphitheatre (kvi tyyiov) should be suppressed A in all the cities of the Greek empire. In the month of Ilul (September) there was a violent earthquake, and a great sound was heard from heaven over the land, so that the earth trembled from its foundations at the sound ; and all the villages and towns heard that sound and felt the earthquake. Alarm- * See Le Quien, Orieiis Christianus , t. ii, col. 962. This Cyrus was the second bishop of the name. + The word rendered “he prayed” was uncertain in the MS., and has now wholly vanished. X The text is uncertain, but this is no doubt the general sense of the passage. § Literally, “planted.” 24 CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYLITE. ing rumours and evil reports came to us from all quarters ; and, as some said, a marvellous sign was seen in the river Euphrates and at the hotspring of Abarne *, in that the water which flowed from their fountains was dried up this day. It does not appear to me that, this is false, because, whenever the earth is rent by earthquakes, it happens that the running waters in those places that are cleft are restrained from flowing, and are at times even turned into another direction ; as the blessed David too, when telling in the eighteenth psalm *)* of the punishments that came from God upon His enemies, by means of the shaking of the earth and the cleaving of the mountains, and the like, lets us know that this also took place. For he says J : “ The fountains of the waters were laid bare, and the foundations of the world were seen, at Thy rebuke, 0 Lord.” There came too in the course of this month a letter, which was read in church before the whole congregation, stating that Nicopolis § had fallen to the ground of a sudden at midnight and overwhelmed all its inhabitants. Some strangers (f evtot ) too who were there, and certain brethren from our schools (a^oXat) who were travelling thither and happened to be on the spot, were buried (in the ruins). Their companions who came (back from thence) told us (this). The whole wall of the city all round, and everything that was within it, was overturned in that night, and not one person of them remained alive, save the bishop of the town and two other men, who were sleeping behind the apse (^07^7;) of the altar of the church. When the ceiling of the room in which they were sleeping fell, one end of its beams was propped up by the wall of the altar, and so it did * See Land, Anecdota Syriaca , t. ii, p. 210, 1. 7. The hotspring of Abarne lies near Chermuk or Chermik, , northwards of y\ »- CO or SUverek, midway between the Euphrates and Tigris. See Ammianus Mar- cellinus, 18, 9, 2, and J. J. Benjamin II, Eight Years in Asia (Hanover, 1863), p. 82. I owe these references to Professor G. Hoffmann. The reading b r— -1 ? lASa jAQjo, “the hotspring of the Iberians (Georgians)” is indefen¬ sible. It occurs also, however, in the Chronicon Edessenuvi, as edited by Assemani, Bill. Orient ., t. i, p. 406, no. lxxvi. t Psalm xviii. 7, sqq. + Psalm xviii. 15. ** C § Another name for Emmaus, cs. , in Palestine, about halfway between Jaffa and Jerusalem. FALL OF NICOPOLIS AND ARSAMOSATA. 25 not bury them. A certain brother, whose veracity can be depended upon, has told me as follows. “ At eventide of the night when Nicopolis fell, we were lying down inside the town, I and a companion of mine. He was very restless, and said to me, ‘ Get up, and let us go and pass the night outside of the town in yonder cave, as is our custom, for I cannot get rest here, because the air is so sultry and sleep will not come to me.’ So we got up, I and he, and went out of the town, and passed the night in the cave, as was our custom. When the time of dawn drew nigh, I awakened the brother who was with me, and said to him, ‘ Get up, for it is daybreak, and let us go into the town, and attend to our business.’ So we got up, I and he, and came into the town, and found all its houses overturned, and the people and the cattle, the oxen and the camels, buried therein ; and the sound of their groaning was coming up from under the ground. Those who came together to the spot took out the bishop from beneath the beams (of the roof) by which he was sheltered. He asked for bread and wine, wherewith to celebrate the eucharist, [but could get none,] because the whole town was overturned and nothing in it left standing. Presently, however, there arrived a wayfarer, a good man, who gave him some small pieces of bread and a little wine, and he celebrated the eucharist and prayed, and made those who were there participate in the mystery of life. He resembled at this time, as it seems to me, the just Lot when he made his escape from Sodom.” Thus much is sufficient to tell. XXXV. Again, in the north there was a church called that of Arsamosata *, which was very strongly built and beautifully decorated. On a fixed day in each year, namely on the day of the commemoration of the martyrs who were deposited in it, many used to gather together thither from all quarters, partly for prater and partly for traffic ; for great provision was made for the people who were assembled on that occasion. When there was a great crowd collected of men and women and children, of c * The name of ’Apcragoaara, in Arabic 5 Shims hat, is pronounced in s' Syriac Arshemshat, which is represented in Greek letters by ’A pxwx&T or ’ Apxwxar (see Wright’s Catalogue , p. 433, col. 2). It lay in the district of Khartabirt or Kharput, eastwards of that place. J. S. d 26 CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYLITE. every age and class, there were terrible flashes of lightning and violent peals of thunder and frightful noises ; and all the people fled to the church, to seek refuge with the bones of the saints. And whilst they were in great fear, and were engaged in prayer and service at midnight, the church fell in and crushed beneath it the greater part of the people who were in it. This happened on the same day on which Nicopolis fell. XXXVI. The year 811 (a.d. 499 — 500). By all these earthquakes and calamities, however, not a man of us was restrained from his evil ways, so that our country and our city remained without excuse. Because we had been preserved from the chastisement inflicted on others * * * §, and rumours from afar had not alarmed us, we were (presently) smitten with a stroke for which there was no healing. Let us recognise there¬ fore the justice of God and say, “ Righteous is the Lord, and very upright are His judgments -J* for lo, in His longsuffering He was yet willing by means of signs and wonders to restrain us from our evil doings. In the month of the first Teshrin (October) of this year, on the 23d, which was a Saturday, at the rising of the sun, his brightness was taken away from him, and his sphere of light appeared like silver. He had no per¬ ceptible rays, and our eyes could easily gaze upon him with¬ out hindrance, for he had neither rays nor beams to hinder them from looking upon him. Just as it is easy for us to look upon the moon, so we could look upon him. He continued thus till towards the eighth hour. The ground over which shone the little light that there was, seemed as if ashes or sulphur had been sprinkled upon it J. On this day another dreadful and terrible sign took place on the wall of the city. This city, which, because of the faith of its king and the righteousness of its inhabitants in days of old, was deemed worthy to receive a blessing from our Lord (see ch. v), was well nigh overwhelming its inhabitants at the present day, because of the multitude of their sins. For there was a breach in the wall from the south to the Great Gate § ; and some of the * Following the correction suggested in the note on the Syriac test. t Psalm cxix. 137. X In what terms would Joshua have described a dense London fog? § The Great Gate lay at the S.E. corner of the town, leading out to Harrdn. MOCK SUNS. COMET. LOCUSTS. 27 stones at this spot were scattered to no inconsiderable distance from it. By the order of our father the bishop Mar Peter, public prayers were offered, and every one besought mercy from God. He took all his clergy (/cXiJpo?) and all the members of religious orders, both men and women, and all the lay members of the holy Church, both rich and poor, men women and children, and they traversed all the streets of the city, carrying crosses, with psalms and hymns, clad in black garments of humiliation. All the convents too in our district kept up continual services with great diligence ; and so, by the prayers of all the holy ones, the light of the sun was restored to its place, and we were a little cheered. XXXVII. In the latter Teshri (November) we saw three signs in the sky at midday *. One of them was in the midst of the heavens in the south. It resembled in its colour the bow that is in the clouds, and with its concave surface it looked upwards ; that is to say, its convex surface was downwards and its extremities were upwards. And there was one on the east, and another also on the west. Again, in the latter Kanun (January), we saw another sign in the exact southwest corner (7 mv lcl) (of the heavens) which resembled a spear. Some people said of it that it was the besom of destruction, and others said that it was the spear of war. XXXVIII. Till now we were chastised (only) with rumours and signs ; but for the future who is able to tell of the affliction that surrounded our land on all sides ? In the month A of Adar (March) of this year the locusts came upon us out of the ground, so that, because of their number, we imagined that not only had the eggs that were in the ground been hatched to our harm, but that the very air was vomiting them against us, and that they were descending from the sky upon us. When they were only able to crawl, they devoured and consumed all the Arab territory and all that of Bas-fain| and Telia § and Edessa. * Apparently parhelia or mock suns. + Literally, on the south and west , in the very corner. A comet is probably meant. % -ww £ Kish-'aina, 'Veaacva, in Arabic G * ^ G ✓ § Ai,OSO, ^ or ^ Jj called by the Greeks Constantia or 28 CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYLITE. But after they were able to fly, the stretch of their radii was from the border of Assyria to the Western Sea (the Mediter¬ ranean), and they went northwards as far as the boundary of the Ortaye *. They ate up and desolated these districts and utterly consumed everything that was in them, so that, even before the war broke out, we could see with our own eyes what was said of the Babylonian “The land is as the garden of Eden before him, and behind him a desolate wilderness.” Had not the providence of God restrained them, they would have devoured human beings and cattle, as we have heard that they actually did in a certain village, where some people had put down a little baby in a field, while they were working; and before they got from one end of the field to the other, the locusts leaped upon it and deprived it of life. Presently after, in the month of Nisan (April), there began to be a dearth of corn and of everything else, and four modii of wheat were sold for a dinar. In the months of Khaziran (June) and Tammuz (July) the inhabitants of these districts were reduced to all sorts of shifts to live. They sowed millet for their own use, but it was not enough for them, because it did not thrive. Before the year came to an end, misery from hunger had reduced the people to beggary, so that they sold their property for half its worth, horses and oxen and sheep and pigs. And because the locusts had devoured all the crop, and left neither pasture nor food for man or beast, many forsook their native places and removed to other districts of the north and west. And the sick who were in the villages, as well as the old men and boys and women and infants, and those who were tortured by hunger, being unable to walk far and go to distant places, entered into the cities to get a livelihood by begging; and thus many villages and hamlets ( agursd , dypo?) were left destitute of inhabitants. They did not, however, escape punishment, not Constantina, between Maridin and Edessa, westwards of Deyrik or Derik, at the place called Veranshehr. * The inhabitants of the district of Anzeten§, whose chief town was "A vfrra, C s' or Ljjlk, in the south of Armenia. See Noeldeke in the Zeitsclirift cler D. M. G., Bd xxxiii, p. 163. t Joel, ch. ii. 3. FAMINE AT EDESSA. 29 even those who went to far off places; but, as it is written concerning the Children of Israel*, “ Whithersoever they went out, the hand of the Lord was against them for evil,” so also it fared with them; for the pestilence came upon them in the places to which they went, and even overtook those who entered into Edessa ; about which I shall tell (thee) presently to the best of my ability, though no one, as I think, is able to describe it as it really was. XXXIX. Now, however, I am going to write to thee about the dearth, as thou didst ask me. I did not, it is true, wish to set down anything regarding this, but I have constrained myself to do so, that thou mightest not think that I treated thy order slightingly. Wheat was sold at this time at the rate of four modii for a dinar, and barley six modii. Chickpeas were five hundred numia f a kabj; beans, four hundred numia a kab; and lentils, three hundred and sixty numia a kab ; but meat was not as yet dear. As time went on, however, the dearth became greater, and the pain of hunger afflicted the people more and more. Everything that was not edible was cheap §, such as clothes and household utensils and furniture, for these things were sold for a half or a third of their value (ji^rj), and did not suffice for the maintenance of their owners, because of the great dearth of bread. At this time our father Mar Peter set out to visit the emperor (at Constantinople), in order to beg him to remit the tax (crwreXeta, capitatio). The governor ||, however, laid hold of the landed proprietors H, and * Judges, ch. ii. 15. + The Syriac word is ^--aAOQJ , which may either he the plural of jlOQJ , vov/AfjLos, nummus, or the word vovjiiov itself. Hence too, in all probability, the form XfrlS, liaX. X Kafios, from the Hebrew ? = xobu£. § 1A_iCL» is explained in Bar-Bahlul’s lexicon, and Hoffmann’s Opuscula * ^ O'" * Nestoriana , p. 84, I. 1, by ,J>*| , i.e. Pers. , and Arabic , cheap . ii the judge, here — , r/yefAuv. IT b»5CLQ the Pers. Arab. the dihkdns, regarding whom see Noeldeke, Gcsch. d. Pcrser u. s. w., p. 351, note 1, and p. 440. 30 CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYLITE. used great violence to them and extorted it from them, so that, before the bishop could persuade the emperor, the governor had sent the money to the capital. When the emperor saw that the money had arrived, he did not like to remit it; but, in order not to send our father away empty, he remitted two folles* * * § to the villagers, and the price which they were paying *f*, whilst he freed the citizens from the obligation of drawing water for the Greek soldiery {. XL. The governor himself too set out to visit the emperor, girt with his sword §, and left Eusebius to hold his post and govern the city. When this Eusebius saw that the bakers were not sufficient to make bread for the market, because of the multitude of country people, of whom the city was full, and because of the poor who had no bread in their houses, he gave an order that every one who chose might make bread and sell it in the market. And there came Jewish women, to whom he gave wheat from the public granary ( airoOerov ), and they made bread for the market. But even so the poor were in straits, because they had not money wherewith to buy bread ; and they wandered about the streets and porticoes and court¬ yards to beg a morsel of bread, but there was no one in whose house bread was in superfluity. And when one of them had begged (a few) pence, but was unable to buy bread therewith, he used to purchase therewith a turnip or a cabbage (/cpa/i/3 rf) or a mallow (/ LaXay^iov , fwXoy^iov) , and eat it raw. And for this reason there was a scarcity of vegetables, and a lack of every¬ thing in the city and villages, so that people actually dared to enter the holy places and for sheer hunger to eat the con¬ secrated bread as if it had been common bread. Others cut pieces off dead carcases, that ought not to be eaten, and cooked and ate them ; to which things thou in thy truthfulness canst bear testimony. * i. e. (poWis, follis, Arab. fuls, or fals. See Noeldeke in the Z. d. D. M. G ., Bd xxxv, p, 497. + There is evidently some error or omission here in the text. $ So I translate the word ]L»AQOCnj in this passage, for }_kADOOl5 frequently means nothing more than a ( Roman or Greek) soldier. § To show that he was still in office, and had not been deposed. FAMINE AND PLAGUE AT EDESSA. 31 XLI. The year 812 (a. d. 500 — 1). In this year, after the vintage, wine was sold at the rate of six measures for a dinar, and a kab of raisins for three hundred numia. The famine was sore in the villages and in the city; for those who were left in the villages were eating bitter-vetches, and others were frying the withered fallen grapes* and eating them, though even of them there was not enough to satisfy them. And those who were in the city were wandering about the streets, picking up the stalks and leaves of vegetables, all filthy with mud, and eating them. They were sleeping in the porticoes and streets, and wailing by night and day from the pangs of hunger; and their bodies wasted away, and they were in a sad plight, and became like jackals because of the leanness of their bodies. The whole city was full of them, and they began to die in the porticoes and in the streets. XLII. After the governor Demosthenes had gone up to the emperor, he informed him of this calamity ; and the emperor gave him no small sum of money to distribute among the poor. And when he came back from his presence to Edessa, he sealed many of them on their necks with leaden seals, and gave each of them a pound of bread a day. Still, however, they were not able to live, because they were tortured by the pangs of hunger, which wasted them away. The pestilence became worse about this time, namely the month of the latter Teshri (November) ; and still more in the month of the first Kanun (December), when there began to be frost and ice, because they were passing the nights in the porticoes and streets, and the sleep of death came upon them during their natural sleep. Children and babes were crying j* in every street. * ] io o evidently does not mean here “grapestones,” but the small withered grapes that had fallen from the vines before attaining maturity; according to the glossaries, arsUj *^31 laiLuJ Lc f The Syriac word lia, xys, expresses the bleating of sheep. Compare nvs in Isaiah, ch. xlii. 14. TT 32 CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYLITE. Of some the mothers were dead ; others their mothers had left, and had run away from them, when they asked for something to eat, because they had nothing to give them. Dead bodies were lying exposed in every street, and the citizens were not able to bury them, because, whilst they were carrying out the first that had died, the moment that they returned, they found others. By the care of Mar Nonnus, the ^o3o%o? *, the brethren used afterwards to go about the city, and to collect these dead bodies. And all the people of the city used to assemble at the gate of the ^evo^o^etov, and go forth and bury them, from morning to morning. The stewards of the (Great) Church, the priest Mar Tewath-ilf* and Mar Stratonicus (who some time afterwards was deemed worthy of the office of bishop in the city of HarranJ), established an infirmary § among the buildings attached to the (Great) Church of Edessa. Those who were very ill used to go in and lie down there ; and many dead bodies were found in the infirmary §, which they buried along with those at the ^evobo^elov. XLIII. The governor blocked up || the gates of the colonnades (/3acri\ acai) attached to the winter bath ( Stj/jloctlov ), and laid down in it straw and mats, and they used to sleep there, but it was not sufficient for them. When the grandees of the city saw this, they too established infirmaries, and many went in and found shelter in them. The Greek soldiers too set up places in which the sick slept, and charged themselves with their expenses. They died by a painful and melancholy death ; and though many of them were buried every day, the number still went on increasing. For a report had gone forth through- * The Syriac word 1 C HD is formed by putting the Latin termination arius to the Greek word in the text. The Syrians added the same appendage to a Persian word, a pillar , a stylite; and even to the vi, vi. native word VaS, a boat or ship, whence *); ^ ^ , a boatman or sailor. f Assemani Bibl. Orient ., t. i, p. 271, col. 2, writes Tutael , 'Ulol. on what authority I do not know. X See Le Quien, Oriens Christ ., t. ii, col. 977. § See the notes on the Syriac text, chapters xlii and xliii. In the native glossaries the word is explained by and Jualj . FAMINE AND PLAGUE AT EDESSA. 33 out the province of Edessa, that the Edessenes took good care of those who were in want ; and for this reason a countless multitude of people entered the city. The bath (fiaXaveZov) too that was under the Church of the Apostles*, beside the Great Gate*f, was full of sick, and many dead bodies were carried forth from it every day. All the inhabitants of the city were careful to attend in a body the funeral of those who were carried forth from the ^evoBo^etov, with psalms and hymns and spiritual songs that were full of the hope of the resurrection. The women too (were there) with bitter weeping and loud cries. And at their head went the diligent shepherd Mar Peter ; and with them too was the governor, and all the nobles. When these were buried, then every one came back, and accompanied the funeral of those who had died in his own neighbourhood. And when the graves of the ^evoBo^elov and the Church were full, the governor went forth and opened the old graves that were beside the church of Mar KonaJ, which had been constructed by the ancients with great pains, and they filled them. Then they opened others, and they were not sufficient for them ; and at last they opened any old grave, no matter what, and filled it. For more than a hundred bodies were carried out every day from the ^evoBo^eZov, and many a day a hundred and twenty, and up to a hundred and thirty, from the beginning of the latter Teshri (November) till the end of Adar (March). During that time nothing could be heard in all the streets of the city but either weeping over the dead or the lamentable cries of those in pain. Many too were dying in the courts of the (Great) Church, and in the courts of the city and in the inns§: and they were dying also on the roads, as they were coming to enter the city. In the month of Sheba t (February) too the dearth was very great, and the pestilence * See Assemani, Bibl. Orient ., t. i, p. 403, lines 8 — 13. + See above, p. 26, note §. X K ovos or K ovvos, or perhaps K ovwv, bishop of Edessa, who died in, or soon after, A. Gr. 624 = a.d. 312 — 13. See Assemani, Bibl. Orient ., t. i, p. 271, col. 2; p. 393, no. xii; p. 424, no. i; Le Quien, Oriens Christ., t. ii, col. 955. § Or khans. The word ]ola Q comes from the Greek 7 ravboKtiov, navdo- Xeiov, in Arabic } whence in Spanish fonda , but also alliondiga , Ital. fondaco. J. S. e 34 CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STY LITE. increased. Wheat was sold at the rate of thirteen kabs for a dinar, and barley eighteen kabs. A pound of meat was a hundred numia, and a pound of fowl three hundred numia, and an egg forty numia. In short there was a dearth of every¬ thing edible. O A. XLIV. There were public prayers in the month of Adar (March) on account of the pestilence, that it might be restrained from the strangers (fei noi) ; and the people of the city, while interceding on their behalf, resembled the blessed David when he was saying to the Angel who destroyed his people *, “ If I have sinned and have done perversely, wherein have these innocent sheep sinned ? Let thy hand be against me and against my father’s house.” In the month of Nisan (April) the pestilence began among the people of the city, and many biers were carried out in one day, but no one could tell their number. And not only in Edessa was this sword of the pestilence, but also from Antioch as far as Nisibis the people were destroyed and tortured in the same way by famine and pestilence. Many of the rich died, who were not starved ; and many of the grandees too died in this year. In the months of Khaziran (June) and Tammuz (July), after the harvest, we thought that we might now be relieved from dearth. However our expecta¬ tions were not fulfilled as we thought, but the wheat of the new harvest was sold so dear as five modii for a dinar. XLY. The year 813 (a.d. 501 — 2). After these afflictions of locusts and famine and pestilence, about which I have written to thee, a little respite was granted us by the mercy of God, that we might be able to endure what was to come, as we learned from the actual facts. There was an abundant vintage, and wine from the press was sold at the rate of twenty-five measures for a dinar ; and the poor were amply supplied from the vineyards by means of the crop of dried grapes. For the husbandmen and farmers said that the crop of dried grapes was more abundant than that of wheat, because there was a hot wind when the grapes began to ripen, and the greater part of them dried up. By the discreet it was said that this took place by the good providence of God, the Lord of all, and that this thing was a mingling of mercy with chastisement, that the * 2 Samuel, ch. xxiv. 17. FAMINE AT EDESSA. 35 villagers might be supported by this supply of dried grapes, and not die of hunger as in the past year; because at this time wheat was sold at the rate of only four rnodii for a dinar, and barley six modii. During the two Teshris (October and November) there was the following sign of mercy. The whole winter of this year was excessively rainy ; and the seed that was sown shot up here and there to more than the height of a man, before the month of Nisan (April) was come. Even barren spots of land produced nearly as much as those that were sown. The very roofs of the houses produced much grass, which some people reaped and sold like the dog’s grass * of the fields ; and because it had spikes and was of the full height, the buyers did not perceive (the difference). We were expecting and hoping this year too that corn would be very cheap f, as in the years of old ; but our hopes came to nought, for in the month of Iyar (May) there blew a hot wind for three days, and all the corn of our land was dried up save in a few places. XL VI. In this month, when the day came on which the wicked festival of the tales of the (ancient) Greeks J was held, of which we have spoken above, there came an edict from the emperor Anastasius that the dancers ( op^rjcrTai ) should not dance any more, not even in a single city throughout his empire. Any one, therefore, who looks to the issue of things, will not blame us because of our having said that, by reason of the wickedness which the people of the city perpetrated at this festival, the chastisements of hunger and pestilence came upon us in succession. For, behold, within thirty days after it was abolished, wheat, which had been sold at the rate of four modii for a dinar, was sold at the rate of twelve ; and barley, which had been sold at the rate of six, was sold at the rate of twenty- two. And it was clearly made known to every one, that the will of God is able to bless a small crop, and to give abundance to those who repent of their sins ; for although the whole crop of grain was dried up, as I have said, yet from the little remnant that was left came all this relief within thirty days. Perhaps, V# W ^ * probably ay puans, triticum repens or “dog’s grass”, t See p. 29, note §. £ Of course Ujq- , the Ionians , not ]jlAOOC7I5, the Byzantines. 36 CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYLITE. however, even now some one may say that I have not reasoned well, for this repentance was in no wise a voluntary one, that mercy should be shown for it, seeing that it was the emperor who abolished the festival by force, in that he ordered that the dancers should not dance at all. We, on the contrary, say that God, because of the multitude of His goodness, was seeking an occasion to show mercy even unto those who were not worthy. Of this we have a proof from the fact that He had mercy upon Ahab, when he was put to shame by the rebuke of Elijah, and did not bring in his days the evil which had been before decreed against his house *. I do not, however, by any means assert that this was the only sin which wras perpetrated in our city, for many were the sins that were wrought secretly and openly; but because the rulers too participated in them, I do not choose to specify these sins distinctly, that I may not give occasion to those who like it of finding fault and of saying of me that I speak against the chiefs. That I may not, however, leave the matter in complete obscurity, — because I promised above to make known unto thee whence this war was stirred up against us, — and that I may not moreover say aught against the offenders, I will (merely) set down the words of the Prophet, from which thou mayest understand (my meaning), who, when he saw his fellow-citizens committing acts like these which are this day committed in our city, especially where you live, and throughout the whole province (^copa), said unto them as if from the mouth of the Lord f : “ Woe unto him that saith to the father, What begettest thou ? and to the woman, Wherewith travailest thou ? ” About other matters it is better to be silent, for it is fitting to hearken to the passage of Scripture which pays l : “ Let him that is prudent keep silence in that time, because it is a time of evil.” But if our Lord grants that we see thee in health, we will speak with thee of these things according as we are able. XL VII. Now then listen to the calamities that happened in this year, and to the sign that appeared on the day when they happened, for this too thou hast required at my hands. A On the 22d of Ab (August) in this year, on the night preceding * 1 Kings, ch. xxi. 29. + Isaiah, ch. xlv. 10. Amos, ch. v. 13. AURORA. EARTHQUAKE. PERSIAN INVASION. 37 Friday*, a great fire appeared to us blazing in the northern quarter the whole night, and we thought that the whole earth was going to be destroyed that night by a deluge of fire ; but the mercy of our Lord preserved us without harm. We received, however, a letter from some acquaintances of ours, who were travelling to Jerusalem, in which it was stated that, on the same night in which that great blazing fire appeared, the city of Ptolemais or fAkko ^ was overturned, and nothing in it left standing. Again, a few days after, there came unto us some Tyrians and Sidonians, and told us that, on the very same day on which the fire appeared and Ptolemais was overturned, the half of their cities fell, namely of Tyre and Sidon. In Ber^tus (Beirut) only the synagogue of the Jews fell down on the day when fAkko was overturned. The people of Nicomedia (in Bithynia) were delivered over to Satan to be chastised, and many of them were tormented by demons, until they remem¬ bered the words of our Lord|, and persevered in fasting and prayer, and received healing. XLVIII. On the very same day on which that fire was seen, Kawad, the son of Peroz, the king of the Persians, collected the whole Persian army, and went up against the north. He entered the Greek territory with the force of Huns that he had with him, and encamped against Theodosiupolis of Armenia §, and took it in a few days ; for the governor of the place, whose name was Constantine, rebelled against the Greeks, and surrendered it, because of some enmity that he had against the emperor. Kawad consequently plundered the city, and destroyed and burned it; and he laid waste all the villages in the region of the north, and the fugitives that were left he carried off captive. Constantine he made one of his generals, and left a garrison in Theodosiupolis, and marched thence. * We would say, “on Thursday night.” This display of the aurora borealis must have been unusually magnificent. f In Arabic , corrupted by us and the French into Acre. £ S. Matthew, ch. xvii, 21. rzerum. 38 CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYLITE. XLIX. The year 814 (a.d. 502—3). On the region of Mesopotamia also, in which we dwell, great calamities weighed heavily in this year, so that the things which Christ our Lord decreed in His Gospel against Jerusalem, and actually brought to pass, and the things too which have been spoken regarding the end of this world, would be well fitting to those which befel us at this time. For after there had been earthquakes in various places, as I have written unto thee, and famines and pestilences, and alarms and terrors, and after great signs had been shown from heaven, nation arose against nation and kingdom against kingdom, and we fell by the edge of the sword, and were led away captive into every region, and our land was trampled under foot by strange nations ; so that, had it not been for the words of our Lord, who has said *, “ When ye hear of wars and tumults, be ye not afraid, for these things must needs first come to pass, but the end is not yet come,” we would have dared to say that the end of the world was come, because many thought and said thus. But we ourselves reflected that this war did not extend over the whole world ; and besides we remembered too the words of S. Paul, wherewith he warned the Thessalonians -f* concerning the coming of our Lord, saying that they should not be astonied either by word, or by spirit, or by beguiling epistle, as if it were from him, declaring the day of the Lord to be now come ; and (how) he showed that it is not possible that the end should be until the false Christ is revealed. From these words then of our Lord and of His Apostle we understood that these things did not befal us because it was the latter time, but that they took place for our chastisement, because our sins were great. L. Kawad, the king of the Persians, came from the north on the fifth of the first Teshn (October), on a Saturday, and encamped against the city of Amid, which is beside us in Mesopotamia, he and his whole army. When Anastasius, the Greek emperor, heard that Iyawad had collected his forces, he was unwilling to meet him in battle, that blood might not be shed on both sides ; but he sent him money by the hand of Bufinus, to whom he gave orders that, if Kawad was on the frontier and had not yet crossed over into the Greek territory, * S. Matthew, ch. xxiv. 6. +2 Thessalonians, ch. ii. 2, 3. SIEGE OF AMID BY THE PERSIANS. 39 he should give him the money and send him away. But when Bufinus came to Caesarea of Cappadocia, and heard that Kawad had laid waste Agel* and Suptrf* and Armenia and the Arabs J, he left the money at Caesarea, and went to him, and told him that he should recross the border and take the money. He however would not, but seized Bufinus and ordered him to x A be kept under guard. He fought against Amid, he and his whole army, with every manner of warfare, by night and by day, and built against it (the mound called) a mule§ ; but the A people of Amid built and added to the height of the wall. When the mule was raised high, the Persians applied the battering-ram || ; and after they had struck the wall violently, the part newly built became loosened, because it had not yet settled, and fell. But the Amidenes dug a hole in the wall under the mule, and secretly drew away inside the city the earth which was heaped up to form it, propping it up with beams as they worked ; and so the mule collapsed and fell. LI. When Kawad found that he was not a match for the city, he sent Narman,1T the king of the Arabs (of al-Hirah), with his whole force, to go southwards to the district of Harran**. Some of the Persian troops advanced as far as the city of * ’A yyi\r)vr], jA' , Egil or Enjil, north of Diyar-bekr. •X •• + ^ov the people of which are 'Loxpgvr) or "Zwfpavgvg, adjacent to Agel. X Meaning here the most northern of the nomade Arabs of Mesopotamia, A or l-iADoom § In Syriac jAjpClD, a huge mound of earth, which Procopius (de hello Persico, I. 7) calls \o an-Noman, and some Syriac authors too give ^.LQ.LQJ. The person in question is an-Noman III, ibn al-Aswad, who reigned from a.d. 498 to 503. See Caussin de Perceval, Essai sur Vhistoire des Arabes, t. ii, p. 67, and Reiske, Primae lineae historiae regnorum Arabicorum, ed. Wiistenfeld, p. 42. 0 0 ** HO. VT~’ Xappdv, Xappa , Kappa, K appal, Carrae, still retains its ancient name of > Harrcin. 40 CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYLITE. Constantina or Telia*, and were plundering and harrying and laying waste the whole country. On the 19th of the latter Teshri (November) 01ympius"|*, the du xj of Telia, and Eugenius, the dux of Melitene§ (who had come down at that time), went forth, they and their troops, and destroyed the Persians whom they found in the villages around Telia. And when they had turned to go back to the city, some one told them that there were five hundred men in a ravine not very far from them. They were ready to go against them, but the Greek troops that were with them had dispersed themselves to strip the slain ; and because it was night, Olympius gave orders to light a fire on the top of an eminence and to blow trumpets, that those who were scattered might rejoin them. But the Persian generals, who were encamped at the village of Tell Beshmai||, when they saw the light of the fire and heard the sound of the trumpets, armed all their force and came against them. When the Greek cavalry saw that the Persians were too many for them, they turned (their backs) ; but the infantry were unable to escape and were constrained to fight. So they came together and drew up in battle array, forming what is called the ^ekoovr/ or tortoise, and fought for a long time. But as the army of the Persians was too many for them, and there were added to these the Huns and Arabs, their ranks were broken, and they were thrown into disorder, and mixed up among the cavalry, and trampled and crushed under the hoofs If of the horses of the Arabs. So many of the Greeks were killed, and the rest were made prisoners. LIT. On the 26th of this month Na'man came from the' south and entered the territory of the Harranites, and laid waste and plundered and took captive the people and cattle * See above, p. 27, note §. t Some authorities call him Alypius, which would be written in Syriac >CQ-jJ0O^L. + A ov£ = 7iyefj.u>i', apxuv. See Du Cange. § Now Malatyah, and which last is of course borrowed from the Syriac. J. S. / 42 CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYLITE. a machine which the Persians named “ the Crasher”*, because it thwarted all their labour and destroyed themselves. For the Amidenes cast with this engine huge stones, each of which weighed more than three hundred pounds ; and so the cotton awning under which the Persians concealed themselves was rent r in pieces, and those who were standing beneath it were crushed. The battering ram too was broken by the constant shower of stones which were cast without cessation ; for the Amidenes were not able to damage the Persians so much in any other way as by means of large stones, because of the cotton awning which was folded many times over (the mule). Upon this the Persians used to pour water, and it could neither be damaged by arrows on account of its thickness, nor by fire because it was damp. But these large stones that were hurled from “the Crusher” destroyed both awning and men and weapons. In this way the Persians were discomfited, and gave up working at the mule, and took counsel to return to their own country, because, during the three months that they had sat before it, 50,000 of them had perished in the battles that were fought daily both by night and day. But the Amidenes became over¬ confident in their victory, and fell into careless ways, and did not guard the wall with the same diligence as before. On the 10th of the month of the latter Kanun (January) the guardians of the wall drank a great deal of wine because of the cold, and when it was night, they fell asleep and were sunk in a heavy slumber ; and some of them quitted their posts, because it was raining, and went down to seek shelter in their houses. Whether then through this remissness, as we think, or by an act of treachery, as peojfie said, or as a chastisement from God, the Persians got possession of the walls of Amid by means of a ladder, without the gates being opened or the wall breached. They laid waste the city, and sacked all the property in it, and trampled the eucharist under foot, and mocked at its service, and stripped bare its churches, and led its inhabitants into * .Cin.,-2 is a pure Syriac formation from the radical roto, ~ T * hut the writer probably thought of the Persian word tdpah, “ruin, TL* destruction, injury, mischief”, in later times > tdbdli. CAPTURE OF AMID, RELEASE OF RUFINUS. 43 captivity, except the old and the maimed and those who hid themselves. They left there a garrison of three thousand men, and all (the rest) of them went down to the mountains of Shigar*. That the Persians who remained might not be annoyed by the smell of the dead bodies of the Amidenes, they carried them out and piled them up in two heaps outside of the north gate. The number of those who were carried out by the north gate was more than 80,000 ; besides those whom they led forth alive and stoned outside of the city, and those whom they stabbed on the top of the mule that they had constructed, and those who were thrown into the Tigris (Deklath), and those who died by all sorts of deaths, regarding which we are unable to speak. LIV. Then Kawad let Rufinus go, that he might go and tell the emperor what had been done ; and he was speaking of these atrocities everywhere, and by these reports the cities to the east of the Euphrates were alarmed, and (their inhabitants) made ready to flee to the west. The honoured Jacob j*, the perio- deutes, who has composed many homilies on passages of the Scriptures, and written various poems and hymns regarding the time of the locusts, was not neglectful at this time too of his duty, but wrote letters of admonition to all the cities, bidding them trust in the Divine deliverance, and exhorting them not to flee. The emperor Anastasius too, when he heard this, sent a large army of Greek soldiers to winter in the cities and garrison them. All the booty that he had taken, and the captives that he had carried off, were not, however, enough for Kawad, nor was he sated with the great quantity of blood that he had shed ; but he (again) sent ambassadors to the emperor, saying, G * Shigar or Shig'gar, 'Llvyapa, Ziyyapa, Arab. Sinjdr . S t Jacob, at present periodeutes or visitor, afterwards bishop of Batnan (B oltvoll, Batnae) in Sgrug, {T AT* ’ one of the most prolific of Syriac writers. He died A. Gr. 833 (a.d. 521). See Assemani, Bill. Orient., t. i, p. 283 sqq.; Abbeloos, De vita et scriptis S. Jacobi Sarugensis ; Matagne in the Acta Sanctorum for October, t. xii, p. 824, with the supplement, p. 927; Bickell, Conspectus rei Syrorum literariae, p. 25. Compare also Wright, Catalogue of the Syriac MSS. in the Brit. Mus., p. 502 sqq. The volume Add. 14,587, contains several of the letters referred to in the text ; op. cit., p. 518 sqq. On the word *X 0 TepLodevrys , in Syriac |5q.A £Q, see Du Cange. 44 CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYLITE. “ Send me the money or accept war.” This was in the month of Nisan (April). The emperor, however, did not send the money, but made preparations to avenge himself and to exact satisfaction for those who had perished. In the month of Iyar (May) he sent against him three generals, Areobindus (’ Aped/3 u'So?), Patricius, and Hypatius, and many officers with them*. Areo¬ bindus went down and encamped on the border by Dara and f Ammudln -j*, towards the city of Nisibis ; he had with him A 12,000 men. Patricius and Hypatius encamped against Amid, to drive out thence the Persian garrison ; they had with them 40,000 men. There came down too at this time the hyparch J Appion §, and dwelt at Edessa, to look after the provisioning of the Greek troops that were with them. As the bakers were not able to make bread enough, he ordered that wheat should be supplied to all the houses of Edessa and that they should make soldiers’ bread || at their own cost. The Edessenes turned out at the first baking 630,000 modii. LY. When Kawad saw that those who were with Areo¬ bindus were few in number, he sent against them the troops that he had with him in Shigar, (namely) 20,000 Persians ; but Areobindus routed them once and again, until they were driven to the gate of Nisibis, and many of the fugitives were suffocated at the gate as they were pressing to get in. In the month of Tammuz (July) the Huns and Arabs joined the Persians to come against him, with Constantine (see ch. xlviii) at their head. When he learned this from spies, he sent Calliopius the Aleppine to Patricius and Hypatius, saying, “ Come to me and help me, because a large army is about to come against me.” They, however, did not listen to him, but stayed where they were beside Amid. When the Persians came against the army of Areobindus, he could not contend with them, but left his camp, and made his escape to Telia and Edessa ; and all their baggage H was plundered and carried off. * See Lebeau, op. cit., t. vii, p. 354. t To ’A/x^coSios x^ptov, Ammodia, 'Amudiyah, southwestwards from DarA J Commissary-general, xopYyos tt}s tov arpaTOTredov bairavris. See Du Cange. § See Lebeau, op. cit., t. vii, p. 356. || fiovKeWarov, fiovneXarov , buccellatum. See Du Cange. IT This must be the meaning of the word in this passage; very similar to SIEGE OF AMID BY THE GREEKS. ARAB RAIDS, 45 LVI. The troops of Patricias and Hypatius were (mean¬ while) constructing three towers of wood, wherewith to scale A the walls of Amid. But when they had finished building the towers at a great expense, and they were girded with iron so as not to be harmed by anything, then they found out what had happened on the frontier, and they burned the towers, and de¬ parted thence, and went after the Persians but did not overtake them. One of the officers, whose name was Pharazman*, and another named Theodore *J", sent by stratagem a flock of sheep to pass by Amid, while they and their troops lay in ambush. When the Persians saw the sheep from within Amid, about four hundred chosen men of them sallied forth to carry them off ; but the Greeks who were lying in ambush arose and destroyed them, and took their leader alive. He promised them that he would give up Amid to them, and for this reason Patricius and Hypatius returned thither ; but when that general was unable to fulfil his promise, because those in the city would not be persuaded by him, the generals ordered him to be impaled. LYII. The Arabs of the Persian territory advanced as far as the Khabur J, and Timostratus the dux (Sovg) of Callinicus§, went out against them and routed them. The Arabs of the Greek territory also, who are called the ThaTabites [|, went to Hirta^j" * See Lebeau, op. cit., t. vii, p. 355. J Xafiupas, ’Afiupas, etc.,^^)lA^J 1 . § The same as ar-Rakkah, + Ibid., pp. 343, 357. // v» /* || The Benu ThaTabah, O' § %£.m i V?-», Sct/wara, X " || To ZLcppios x^ptov or Ka(TTpov”l he was an Arab by race, for ( » seems to be = , an adjective formed x ^ <** S’ from l. \ , the loic-lying, cultivated lands along a river. SIEGE OF EDESSA BY THE PERSIANS. 51 LX. The Persian Arabs, who had been sent to Serug, went as far as the Euphrates, laying waste and taking captive and plundering all that they could. Patriciolus one of the Greek officers, with his son Vitalianus, came at this time from the west to go down to the war ; and he was confident and fearless, because he had not as yet been in the neighbourhood of the things that had previously happened. When he crossed the River "j*, he met one of the Persian officers and fought with him and destroyed all the Persians that were with him. Then he set his face to go to Edessa ; but he heard from the fugitives that Kawad had surrounded the city, so he recrossed the river and stopped at Shemishat (Samosata). On the 17th of this month, which was Wednesday, we saw the words of Christ and His promises to Abgar (see ch. v) really fulfilled. For Kawad collected his whole force, and marched from the river Euphrates, and came and encamped against Edessa. His camp extended from the church of SS. Cosmas and Hamianusj, past all the gardens and the church of S. Sergius § and the village of Bekin ||, as far as the church of the Confessors If ; and its breadth was as far as the steep descent of Serrin * * § **. This whole host * Patricius, the son of Aspar, a Goth. See Lebeau, op. cit ., t. vii, p. 354, at the foot. t The Euphrates, in 3/1 # T T " J Probably situated outside of the gate of Beth-ShSmesh, Aa-O? at the N.E. corner of the city. See Assem&ni, Bibl. Orient ., t. i, p. 405, no. lxviii. § This church probably lay some distance S.E. of that of SS. Cosmas and D ami anus. || This village must have been S. or S.E. of the church of S. Sergius. I do Is p not know the correct pronunciation of the name. Assem&ni gives Bochen, Martin Boke'in, both mere guesses. 1 [ See Assem&ni, Bibl . Orient., t. i, p. 395, no. xviii. It lay outside of the iLlSZ, on the heights southwest of the town. This gate was on the south side, west of the Great Gate, close to the Karkha of Abg&r. M ^ 0 ** Assermtni writes Soren Martin Tsarein, but the name of occurs elsewhere, and we have the analogy of Cl' Professor Hoffmann identifies this ^ with Siiriin, called in some maps Sermin, on the right bank of the Germish-chai river, as one goes from the Great Gate to Telia and Maridin. 52 CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYLITE. without number surrounded Edessa in one day, besides the pickets which it had left on the hills and rising grounds (to the west of the city). In fact the whole plain (to the E. and S.) was full of them. The gates of the city were all standing open, but the Persians were unable to enter it because of the blessing of Christ. On the contrary, fear fell upon them, and they remained at their posts, no one fighting with them, from morning till towards the ninth hour. Then some went forth from the city and fought with them ; and they slew many Persians, but of them there fell but one man. Women too were bearing water, and carrying it outside of the wall, that those who were fighting might drink ; and little boys were throwing stones with slings. So then a few people who had gone out of the city drove them away and repulsed them far from the wall, for they were not farther off from it than about a bowshot ; and the)7 went and encamped beside the village of Kubbe * LXI. Next day Areobindus too went forth outside of the Great Gate ; and while he was standing opposite the Persian army, he sent word to Kawad, saying, “Now thou seest by experience that the city is not thine, nor of Anastasius, but it is the city of Christ, who blessed it, and has withstood thy hosts, so that they cannot become masters of it.” Kawad sent word to him, saying, “ Give me hostages ( o/i^poi ) that ye will not come out after me when I have struck my camp to depart ; and send me those men whom ye took yesterday, and the gold which thou didst promise, and I will go far away from the city.” Areobindus gave him the count Basil, and the men whom they had taken from him, who were fourteen in number, and made an agreement with him to give him 2000 pounds of gold at [the end] of twelve days. Kawad struck his camp, and went and pitched at * The village of Kubbe (perhaps identical with the ] Bibl. Orient ., t. ii, p. 109, col. 2, i.e. jj, for seems to be the • ♦ y** *03 plural of JjJil!) probably lay southeastwards from Edessa towards Harran, in which direction Kawad retreated. SIEGE OF EDESSA BY THE PERSIANS. 53 Dahbana*. He did not, however, wait till the appointed time ( irpodecTfita ), but sent the very next day one of his men, named Hormizd, and ordered him to fetch three hundred pounds of gold. Areobindus summoned to him the grandees of the city, that they might consider how this money could be collected. When they saw that Hormizd had come in haste, they strengthened themselves in reliance on Christ, and took heart and said to Areobindus: “We will not send the money to this false man, because, just as he has gone back from his word, and has not waited till the day came which thou didst appoint for him, so will he go back and deceive when he has got the money. We believe that, if he fights with us, he will be again put to shame, because Christ stands in front of our city.” Then Areobindus too took courage and sent to Kawad, saying : “Now we know that thou art no king; for he is not a king who says a word and goes back (from it) and deceives. And if he deceives, he is no king. Therefore, as falsehood is manifest in thee, send me back the count Basil, and do thy worst.” LXII. Then Kawad became furious, and armed the elephants which were with him, and set out, he and all his host, and came again to fight with Edessa, on the 24th of the month of Ml (September), a Wednesday. He surrounded the city on all sides, more than on the former occasion, all its gates being open. Areobindus ordered the Greek soldiers not to fight with him, that no falsehood might appear on his part ; but some few of the villagers who were in the city went out against him with slings, and smote many of his mail-clad warriors, whilst of themselves not one fell. His legions ( Xeyecoves ) were daring enough to try to enter the city ; but when they came near its gates, like an upraised mound of earth *f, they were humbled and repressed and turned back. Because, however, of the * See Lebeau, op. cit., t. iii, p. 65; t. vii, p. 367. The Arabs call it s s ^ & s ■5) -C3 ^ or AjLjbAlb It lies nearly S. of Edessa, beyond Harran, on the s' road to ar-Rakkah. • • t The comparison seems to be that of the compact mass of shieldbearing warriors in their charge to a moving mound of earth. 54- chronicle OF JOSHUA THE STYLITE. swiftness of the charge * of their cavalry, the slingers became mixed up among them; and though the Persians were shooting arrows, and the Huns were brandishing maces, and the Arabs were levelling spears at them, they were unable to harm a single one of them ; but like those Philistines who went up against Samson, who, though they were many and armed, were unable to slay him, whilst he, though destitute of weapons, slew a thousand of them with the jaw-bone of an ass, so also the Persians and Huns and Arabs, though they and their horses were falling by the stones which the slingers were throwing, were unable to slay even a single one of them. After they saw that they were able neither to enter the city nor to harm the unarmed men who were mixed up with them, they set fire to the church of S. Sergius and the church of the Confessors and to all the convents that had been left (standing), and to the church of (the village of) Negbath, which the people of the city had spared. LXIII. When the general ( crTparyXaTr /?) Areobindus saw the zeal of the villagers, and that they were not put to shame, but that (the Divine) help went with them, he summoned all the villagers that were in Edessa next day to the (Great) Church, and gave them three hundred dinars as a present. Kawad departed from Edessa, and went and pitched on the river Euphrates ; and thence he sent ambassadors to the emperor to inform him of his coming. The Arabs that were with him crossed the river westwards, and plundered and laid waste and took captive and burned everything in their way. Some few of the Persian cavalry went to Batnan (Batnae), and because its wall was broken down, they could not resist them, but admitted them without fighting and surrendered the town to them. LXIY. The year 815 (a.d. 503 — 4). When the Greek emperor learned what had happened, he sent his magister j* Celerj with a large army. When Kawad heard this, he * Literally “the letting go.” In a glossary I find • explained by -as, U Qj2Lju.O_® , i. e., divorce. t See the note on this word in ch. lix, at p. 50. t KeXepios, K e\ep} or K eWup. See Lebeau, op. cit., t. vii, p. 369. RETREAT OF KAWAD. THE GREEKS BESIEGE AMID. 55 directed his marches along the river Euphrates that he might go and stay in that province of his which is called Beth Armaye *. When he came nigh Callinicus (ar-Bakkah), he sent thither a general ( marzebdn ) to fight with them. The dux Timostratus came out against him, and destroyed his whole army and took him alive. When Kawad arrived at the city, he drew up his whole force against it, threatening to rase it and to put all its inhabitants to the sword or carry them off as captives, if they did not give him up to him. The dux was afraid of the vast host of the Persians, and gave him up. LXY. When the magister Celerius arrived at Mabbog, which is on the river Euphrates ■f, and saw that Kawad had moved away his camp before him, and moreover that the winter season was come, and that he could not go after him, he called the Greek generals, and rebuked them because they had not hearkened one to another, and assigned them cities in which to winter till the time for campaigning came again. LXYI. On the 25th of the first Kanun (December) there came an edict from the emperor that the tax (avvreXeta) should be remitted to all Mesopotamia. The Persians who were in Amid, when they saw that the Greek army had gone far away from them, opened the gates of the city of Amid, and went forth and entered where they pleased, and sold to the merchants copper and iron and lead and old clothes and whatever was to be had in it, and established in it a public magazine ( diroOeTov ). When Patricius heard this, he set out from Melitene (Malatia), where he was wintering, and came and pitched against Amid. All the merchants whom he found carrying down thither grain and oil, and those too who were buying things from thence, he slew. He found also the Persians who were sent by Kawad to convey thither arms and grain and cattle, and destroyed them, and took all that was with them. When Kawad learned this, he sent against him a * “Tlie land of the Arameans,” the northern part of Babylonia, called by the Arabs or the cultivated district of al-Kufah, in which lay Seleucia and Ktesiphbn, Koche and Mahuza. See Noeldeke in the Zeitschrift d. D. M. G ., Bd xxv, p. 113. + This is not strictly correct. See Noeldeke in the Zeitschrift d. D. 31. G. Bd xxv, p. 351, note 2. 56 CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYLITE. general ( marzebdn ) to take vengeance on him. When they came near one another to fight, the Greeks, because of the fear inspired by their former defeat, counselled Patricius to flee, and he hearkened to this. In their haste, not knowing whither they were going, they came upon the river Kaliath * ; and because it was winter and there was a great flood in it, they were not able to cross it, but every one of them who hastened to cross was drowned in the river with his horse. When Patricius saw this, he exhorted the Greeks, saying : “ 0 men of Greece, let us not put to shame our race and our profession, and flee from our enemies, but let us turn against them, and perhaps we may be a match for them. And if they be too strong for us, it is better to die by the edge of the sword with a good name for valour than to perish like cowards by drowning.” Then the Greeks listened to his advice, being constrained by the river ; and they turned against the Persians with fury and destroyed them, and took their generals alive. Thereafter they again encamped A against Amid, and Patricius sent and collected unto him artisans from other cities and many of the villagers, and bade them dig in the ground and make a mine beneath the wall, that it might be weakened and fall. LX VII. In the month of Adar (March), when the rest of the Greeks were assembling to go down with the magister, a certain sign was given them from God, that they might be encouraged and be confident of victory. We were informed of this in writing by the people of the church of Zeugma*)*. That it may not be thought that I say anything on my own authority, or that I have hearkened to and believed a false rumour, I quote the very words of the letter that came to us, which are as follows. * The name is pointed ALA in the Ecclesiastical History of John of Ephesus, ed. Cureton, p. 416, 14, and in Knos, Chrestomatliia , p. 79, 6. There can be no doubt that the Kallatli is the N vycplos or ^v/ucpaios irorayos (the Batman-su), for (John of Ephesus, loc. cit.) is to ’A/c/3as (Theophylact. Simocatta, Historiae, i. 12). Yet the distance seems very great; and, besides, one would rather have expected the Greeks to flee in a westerly or north westerly direction. + 7jevyya, on the Euphrates, near the modern Bir or Birejik. A MARVELLOUS EGG. 0 i LXYIII. “ Hearken now to a marvel and a glorious sight, such as hath never been, because this concerns us and you and all the Greeks. For it is a wondrous thing, which it is hard for the understanding of men to believe. But we have seen it with our eyes, and touched it (with our hands), and read it with our lips. Ye ought therefore to believe it without any scruple. On the 19th of Adar (March), a Friday, which is the day that our Saviour was slain, a goose laid an egg in the village of f Agar * in the district of Zeugma, and thereon were written Greek letters, fair and legible, which formed as it were the body of the egg and were raised to the sight and touch, like the letters which monks trace on the eucharistic cups ■(*, so that even the blind could feel their shape. They were thus. A cross was traced on the side of the egg, and going completely round the egg, from it until it came to it again, was written The Greeks. And again there was traced another cross, and [going round the egg,] from it until it came to it again, was written Shall Conquer. The crosses were traced one above the other, and the words were written one above the other. There was none that saw this marvel, Christian or Jew, who restrained his mouth from uttering praise. But as for the letters which the right hand of God traced in the ovary (of the bird) J, we do not dare to imitate them, for they are very beautiful. Whosoever therefore hears it, let him believe it without hesitation/’ These are the words of the letter of the Zeugmatites §. As for the egg, those in whose village it was laid gave it to Areobindus. LXIX. The Greeks collected a large army, and went down and encamped beside the city of BAs-'ain. By Kawad too * So Assemani, Bibl. Orient., t. i, p. 278, col. 2. The word is no longer clearly legible, and might be ' Agad. The vowels of course are doubtful. + Literally, “the cup of the blessing”, supposing to mean irorripLov rrjs ev\oyias = TroTijpLoi' plvcttlkov. Martin takes ) as he writes the word, to represent mOapiov, meaning thereby, I suppose, 7 rvi-Lov iepov. This is quite compatible with the meaning of evXoyia (see Du Cange); but is in.ddpLov so used? It must be admitted that the word is not quite legible in the MS., and looks more like *|55Aa than anything else. X Literally, “womb.” § is formed from the Greek Zeuy/iareas or Zecy^artr???. Compare KvppTjaTrjs or Kvppearrjs, from «£Q5cLQ, Kvppot. J. S. h 58 CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYLITE. about 10,000 men were sent to go against Patricius. They took up their quarters in Nisibis, that they might rest there, and they sent their cattle to pasture in the hills of Shigar. When the Magister heard this, he sent Timostratus, the dux of Callinicus, with 6000 cavalry, and he went and fell upon those who were tending the horses and destroyed them, and carried off the horses and sheep and much booty, and returned to the Greek army at Ras-rain. Then they all set out in a body, and went and encamped against the city of Amid beside Patricius. A LXX. In the month of Iyar (May) Calliopius the Aleppine became hyparch*. He came and settled at Edessa, and gave the Edessenes wheat to make bread for the soldiers ( f3ov/ce\ - \arov) at their own expense. They baked at this time 850,000 modii of wheat. Appion went to Alexandria, that he might make soldiers’ bread there also and send a supply. LXXI. As soon as Patricius had got under the wall of A Amid by means of the mine which he had dug, he propped it up with beams and set fire to them, whereby the outer face of the wall was loosened and fell down, but the inner part remained standing. He then thought of digging on by that mine and entering the city. When they had carried the excavation through, and the Greeks had begun to ascend, a woman of Amid saw them and cried out suddenly for joy, “The Greeks are entering the city ! ” The Persians heard her, and ran at the first who came up and stabbed him. After him there came up a Goth, whose name was Aid *f*, who had been made tribune J at Harran, and he stabbed three of those Persians. Not another one of the Greeks came up after him, because the Persians had perceived them. When Aid saw that no one was coming up, he became afraid and turned back ; but he thought that he would take down with him the dead body of the Greek * See p. 44, note J. f I am not at all sure that I have called the Gothic warrior by his right name. The Syriac letters give us only Aid , Eld or lid, which might be Aldo, Haldo (Forstemann, Altdeutsches Namenbuch, Bd i, col. 45); or Helido, Allido (ibid., col. 597); or Hildi, Hildo (ibid., col. 665). The well known name of Alathens, Alotheus, or Allothus (ibid., col. 41), would probably have been spelled by our author with a soft t, viz. AXv. 7 Tpcj3oui>oi = ^iXt'a/a^oy. See Du Cange. SIEGE OF AMID BY THE GREEKS. 59 who had fallen, that the Persians might not insult it. As he was dragging away the dead body and going down into the mouth of the mine, the Persians smote him too and wounded him ; and the}7 directed thither the water from a large well that was near to it, and drowned four of the mail-clad Greeks who were about to come up. The rest fled and escaped thence. The Persians collected stones from within the city and blocked up the mine, and piled up a great quantity of earth over it, and all of them kept watch carefully round it, lest it should be excavated at some other spot. They dug ditches * within along the whole wall all round, and filled them with water, so that, if the Greeks should make another mine, the water might trickle into it, and it so become known. When Patricius heard this from a deserter who had come down to him, he gave up constructing mines. LXXII. One day, when the whole Greek army was still and quiet, fighting was stirred up on this wise. A boy was feeding the camels and asses ; and an ass, as it grazed, walked gradually close up to the wall. The boy was afraid to go in and fetch it ; and one of the Persians, when he saw it, descended by a rope from the wall, and was going to cut it in pieces and carry it up to be food for them, for there was no meat at all inside the city. But one of the Greek soldiers, a Galilaean by race, drew his sword, and took his shield in his left hand, and ran at the Persian to kill him. As he had come close up to the wall, those who were standing on the wall threw down a large stone and crushed the Galilaean ; and the Persian began to ascend to his place by the rope. When he had got halfway up the wall, one of the Greek officers drew nigh, with two shield-bearers walking before him, and shot an arrow from between them, and struck the Persian, and laid him beside the Galilaean. A shout went up from both sides, and because of this they became excited and rose up to fight. All the Greek troops surrounded the city in a dense mass, and there fell of them forty men, while one hundred and fifty were wounded. Of the Persians who were on the wall only nine were seen to be killed, and a few were wounded ; for it was difficult to fight with them, the more so as they were on the top of the wall, because they had made for * c poatrai . See p. 41, note *. 60 CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYLITE. themselves small houses all along the wall, and they were standing within them and fighting, and could not be seen by those who were without. LXXIII. The Magister and the generals then thought that it was not fitting for them to fight with them, because victory did not depend for the Greeks upon the slaying of these, seeing that they had to carry on war against the whole of the Persians ; and if Kawad were to be defeated, these would have to surrender or to perish in their prison. There¬ fore they gave orders that no one should fight with them, lest by reason of those who were slain or wounded among the Greeks, a great part of the army should disperse out of fear. LXXIY. In the month of Khaziran (June), Constantine, who had gone over to the Persians (see ch. xlviii), after he saw that their cause did not prosper, fled from them, he and two women of rank from Amid, who had been given to him (as wives) by the Persian king. For fourteen days he travelled night and day through the uninhabited desert with a few followers ; and when he reached an inhabited spot, he made himself known to the Greek Arabs, and they took him and brought him to the fort * which is called Shura *)*, and thence they sent him to Edessa. When the emperor heard of his arrival (there), he sent for him (to Constantinople) ; and when he had come up to him, he ordered one of the bishops to ordain him priest, and bade him go and dwell in the city of Nicaea, and not come into his presence nor meddle with affairs (of state). LXXY. As Kawad, when he took Amid, had gone into its public bath (hiyjLocriov) and experienced the benefit of bathing, * The Latin word castrum remained appended to many Syrian names in the form of or (whence the Arabic ), like caster , cester, Chester , in our own country. f When we last heard of this traitor, he was at Nisibis (ch. lv). He probably fled thence, and crossed the desert in a southwesterly direction till he approached the Euphrates near SoOpa, or to hovpcov 7r6Air.L, not h_»3C71, as Assem&ni read, Bibl. Orient ., t. i, p. 279. This cannot be the successor to Naman, of whose appointment by KawM we were informed in ch. lviii, but only the shaikh of some tribe. Probably Tairas or Tairas, rather than Tevvaios. X Meaning the district around Damascus. 62 CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYLITE. city to the Greeks; and they bound all the men that were there, and threw them into the amphitheatre (/ cvvr/yiov ), and there they perished of hunger and of endless bonds. But to the women they gave part of their food, because they used them to satisfy their lust, and because they had need of them to grind and bake for them. When, however, food became scarce, they neglected them, and left them without sustenance. For none of them received more than one handful of barley daily during this year ; whilst of meat, or wine, or any other article of food, they had absolutely none at all. And because they were very much afraid of the Greeks, they never stirred from their posts, but made for themselves small furnaces upon the wall, and brought up handmills, and ground that handful of barley where they were, and baked and ate it. They also brought up large kneading-troughs, and placed them between the battle¬ ments, and filled them with earth, and sowed in them vegetables, and whatever grew in them they ate. LXXVII. In narrating what the women of the place did, I may perhaps not be believed by those who come after us, (but) at the present day there is no one of those who care to learn things that has not heard all that was done, even though he be at a great distance from us. Many women then met and conspired together, and used to go forth by stealth into the streets of the city in the evening or morning ; and whomsoever they met, woman or child or man, for whom they were a match, they used to carry him by force into a house and kill and eat him, either boiled or roasted. When this was betrayed by the smell of the roasting, and the thing became known to the general ( mctrzeban ) who was there (in command), he made an example of many of them and put them to death, and told the rest with threats that they should not do this again nor kill any one. He gave them leave however to eat those that were dead, and this they did openly, eating the flesh of dead men; and the rest of them were picking up shoes and old soles and other nasty things from the streets and courtyards, and eating them. To the Greek troops however nought was lacking, but every¬ thing was supplied to them in its season, and came down with great care by the order of the emperor. Indeed the things that were sold in their camps were more abundant than in the cities, REMISSION OF TAXES. INVASION OF PERSIA. 6 3 whether meat or drink or shoes or clothing. All the cities were baking soldiers’ bread (ftov/ceWaTov) by their bakers, and sending it to them, especially the Edessenes ; for the citizens baked in their houses this year too. by order of Calliopius the hyparch, 630,000 modii, besides what the villagers baked throughout the whole district fyc/opa), and the bakers, both strangers (f kvioi ) and natives. LXXVIII. This year Mar Peter the bishop went up again to the emperor to ask him to remit the tax ( crwreXeta ). The emperor answered him harshly, and rebuked him for having neglected the charge of the poor at a time like this and having come up to him (at Constantinople) ; for he said that God himself would have put it into his heart, if it had been right, without any one persuading him, to do a favour to the blessed city (of Edessa). Whilst the bishop was still there, however, the emperor sent the remission for all Mesopotamia by the hands of another, without his being aware of it. To the district of Mabbog also he remitted one-third of the tax. LXXIX. The Greek generals who were encamped by Amid were going down on forays into the Persian territory, plundering and taking captive and destroying, and the Persians migrated before them, and crossed the Tigris. They found there the Persian cavalry, who were gathered together to come against the Greeks, and so they took heart against them, and halted on the farther bank of the Tigris. The Greeks crossed after them, and destroyed all the Persian cavalry, who were about 10,000 men, and plundered the property of all the fugitives. They burned many villages, and killed every male that was in them from twelve years old and upwards, but the women and children they took prisoners. For the Magister had thus commanded all the generals, that if any one of the Greeks was found saving a male from twelve years old and upwards, he should be put to death in his stead ; and whatsoever village they entered, that they should not leave a single house standing in it. For this reason he set apart some stalwart men of the Greeks, and many villagers that accompanied them as they went down ; and after the roofs were burned and the fire was gone out, they used to pull dowm the walls too. They also cut down and destroyed the vines and olives and all the trees. 64 CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYLITE. The Greek Arabs too crossed the Tigris in front of them, and plundered and took captive and destroyed all that they found in the Persian territory. As I know thou studiest everything with great care, thy holiness must be well aware of this, that to the Arabs on both sides this war was a source of much profit, and they wrought their will upon both kingdoms. LXXX. When Kawad saw that the Greeks were ravaging the country, and that there was no one to oppose them, he wished to go and meet them. For this reason he sent an Astabid * to the Magister to speak of peace, having with him an army of about 20,000 men. He sent all the men of note whom A he had led captive from Amid, and Peter, whom he had brought from Ashparin (see ch. lvii), and Basil, whom he had taken from Edessa as a hostage (see ch. lxi). He sent also the dead body of the dux Olympius (see ch. li), who had gone down to him on an embassy and died, sealed up in a coffin [ or in the Arabic plural Jerdbis ( Jerabolus is a blunder of Maundrell’s). See Hoffmann, Ausziige aus syrischen Akten persischer Mdrtyrer in the Abhandlungen filr d. Kunde d. Morgenlandes, Bd vii, 3, p. 161. § Neither the exact form nor meaning of this word is quite certain, for besides id) we find *jr.£l£D"j and *j;..£l£D"j in the native dictionaries (see Payne Smith’s Thesaurus ). In Hoffmann’s Bar mean “a leaden vessel in which one cools wine or All, no. 1031, it is explained to vater, also called ] \ 72 CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYLITE. XCIV. When the Goths heard this order, they ran to attack the dux Romanus in the house of the family of Barsa * and to kill him. As they were ascending the stairs of his lodging, he heard the sound of their tumult and uproar, and perceived what they wanted to do. He quickly put on his armour, and took up his weapons, and drew his sword, and stood at the upper door of the house in which he lodged. He did not however kill any one of the Goths, but (merely) kept brandishing his sword and hindering the first that came up from forcing their way in upon him. Those who were below were in their anger compelling those who were above them to ascend and force their way in upon him. Thus a great many people occupied the stairs of the house, as thy holiness well knoweth. When therefore the first who had gone up were unable to get in, because of their fear of the sword, and those behind were pressing upon them, many men occupied the stairs ; and because of the weight they broke and fell upon them. A few of them were killed, but many had their limbs broken and were maimed, so that they could not be cured again. When Romanus had found an opportunity because of this accident, he fled upon the roof from one house to another and made his escape ; but he said nothing more to them, and for this reason they remained where they were billeted, behaving exactly as they pleased, for there was none to check them or restrain or admonish them. XCY. Our bishop Mar Peter was very dangerously ill all this year. In the month of Nisan (April) the distress became again much greater in our city; for the Magister collected his whole army, and arose to go down to the Persian territory to make and renew with them a treaty of peace. When he entered Edessa, ambassadors from the Persians came to him and informed him that the Astabid who had come to meet him and conclude a peace with him was dead; and they begged of him and said that, if he came down for peace, he ■55 •>'<' a or leaden vessel with a wide top.” Martin gives from a Paris MS., Li j-KK-aAo? ly.gjgo'l , i.e ., “two (piaka i of olive oil.” * There was a bishop of Edessa of this name. See Assemani, Bibl. Orient ., t. i, pp. 396 and 398. THE GOTHIC MERCENARIES. 73 ought not to go bey oud Edessa until another Astabid should be sent by the Persian king. He granted their request and stayed at Edessa for five months. And because the city was not sufficient for the Goths who were with him, they were quartered also in the villages, and likewise in all the convents, large and small, that were around the city. Not even those who lived in solitude were allowed to dwell in the quiet which they loved, because upon them too they were quartered in their convents. XCYI. Because they did not live at their own expense from the very first day they came, they became so gluttonous in their eating and drinking, that some of them, who had regaled themselves on the tops of the houses, went forth by night, quite stupefied with too much wine, and stepped out into empty space, and fell headlong down, and so departed this life by an evil end. Others, as they were sitting and drinking, sank into slumber, and fell from the housetops, and died on the spot. Others again suffered agonies on their beds from eating too much. Some poured boiling water into the ears of those who waited upon them for trifling faults. Others went into a garden to take vegetables, and when the gardener arose to prevent them from taking them, they slew him with an arrow, and his blood was not avenged. Others still, as their wicked¬ ness increased and there was no one to check them, since those on whom they were quartered behaved with great discretion and did everything exactly as they wished, because they gave them no opportunity for doing them harm, were overcome by their own rage and slew one another. That there were among them others who lived decently is not concealed from thy knowledge ; for it is impossible that in a large army like this there should not be some such persons found. The wickedness of the bad, however, went so far in evildoing that those too who were illdisposed among the Edessenes dared to do something un¬ seemly ; for they wrote down on sheets of paper (x^PrV^) complaints against the Magister, and fastened them up secretly in the customary places of the city (for public notices). When, he heard this, he was not angered, as he well might have been, neither did he make any search after those who had done this, nor think of doing any harm to the city, because of his good nature ; but he used all the diligence possible to quit Edessa with haste and speed. j. s. k 74 CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYLITE. XCVII. The year 818 (a.d. 50G— 1 7) * The Magister therefore took his whole army, and went down to the border. And there came to him a Persian ambassador to the town of Dara, bringing with him hostages, who had been sent by the Astabid ; and they also asked him, saying that, if he wished to make peace, he too ought to send hostages (oyrjpoi) in place of those whom he had received, and afterwards both parties would draw nigh to one another in friendship, and they would meet one another with five hundred horsemen apiece unarmed, and then they would sit in council, and would do what was fitting. He agreed to do what they asked, and sent hostages, and went unarmed to meet the Astabid on the day appointed. But because he was afraid lest the Persians should commit some treachery against him, he drew up the whole Greek army opposite them under arms, and gave them a sign, and ordered them, if they saw that sign, to come to him quickly. When the Astabid too was come to meet him, and the Greeks and all the generals who were with them had seated themselves in council, one of the Greek soldiers gave good heed and perceived that all those who had come with the Astabid wore armour under their clothes. He made this known to the general Pharazman and the dux Timostratus, and they displayed that signal to the troops, whereupon they at once set up a shout and came to them, and took prisoners the Astabid and those who were with him among them. The troops that were in the Persian camp, when they learned that the Astabid and his companions were taken prisoners, fled for fear of them, and entered Nisibis. The Greeks wished to take the Astabid and to kill those who were with him ; but the Magister begged them not to give an occasion for war and to drive away (all hopes of) peace. With difficulty did they consent, hut at last they hearkened to him, and let the Astabid and his companions depart from among them, without having done them any hurt ; for even when victorious, the Greek generals were gentle. When the Astabid went to his camp, and saw that the Persians had retired into Nisibis, he was afraid to remain alone, and went in also to join them. He tried to force them to go out of the city with him, but they were unwilling to go out for fear. * In the MS. there is a marginal note, no longer distinctly legible: “In this year died the holy Mar Sliila (Silas) of the village of B . ” CONCLUSION OF PEACE. 75 In order that their fear might not become evident to the Greeks, the Astabid sent and fetched his daughter to Nisibis, and according to Persian custom took her to wife. When O the Magister sent him a message to say, “ No man will harm thee, even if thou comest forth alone ”, he returned for answer, “ It is not out of fear that I do not go forth, but in order that the days of the wedding-feast may be fulfilled.” Although the Magister knew the whole thing quite well, he passed it over j ust as if he did not. XCVIII. And some days after, when the Astabid came out to him, he gave up, for love of peace, all the things which he had determined to require of the Persians, and made a covenant with them, and concluded peace. They drew up documents between them, and appointed a fixed time, during which they were not to make war with one another; and all the armies were glad and rejoiced in the peace that was made. XCIX. While they were still there on the frontier, Celerius the magister and Calliopius received a letter from the emperor Anastasius, which was full of care and compassion for the whole region of Mesopotamia ; and thus he wrote to them, that, if they thought that the tax ( crwreXeia ) ought to be remitted, they had full power to remit it without delay. They decided that the whole tax should be remitted to the district of Amid, and the half of it to that of Edessa, and they sent and made this known in Edessa. And after a little while they sent another letter with the news of the peace. C. On the 28th of the month of the latter Teshri (November A.D. 506), he took his whole army and came up from the border. When he arrived at Edessa, the Magister had a mind not to enter it, because of their murmuring against him (see ch. xcvi). But the blessed Bar-hadad, bishop of Telia *, begged him not to allow resentment to get the better of him, nor to leave behind the feeling of vexation or annoyance in any one’s mind. He readily acceded to his request ; and all the Edessenes too came forth with much alacrity to meet him, carrying wax tapers (/cyp iwves), both young and old. All the clergy (/ cXrjpucol ) likewise, and the members of religious orders, and the monks, came out with them ; and they entered the city with great rejoicing. He sent on all his troops the very same day to con- * See p. 48, note *. 7G CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYLITE. tinue their march ; but he himself remained for three days, and gave the governor two hundred dinars to distribute in presents. And the people of the city, rejoicing in the peace that was made, and exulting in the immunity which they would henceforth enjoy from the distress in which they now were, and dancing for joy at the hope of the good things which they expected to arrive, and lauding God, who in His goodness and mercy had cast peace over the two kingdoms, escorted him as he set forth with songs of praise that befitted him and him who had sent him*. Cl. If this emperor appears in a different aspect towards the end of his life , let no one be offended at his praises , but let him remember the things that Solomon did at the close of his life *J*. These few things out of many I have- written to the best of my ability unto thy charity, unwillingly and yet willingly. Unwillingly, on the one hand, in order that I might not weary the wise friend who knows these things better than I do. Willingly, on the other hand, for the sake of obeying thy command. Now therefore I beg of thee that thou too wouldest fulfil the promise contained in thy letter (see ch. i) to offer up prayer constantly on behalf of me a sinner. For now that I have learned thy wish, it shall be my greatest care, and whatever happens in the times that are coming and is worthy of record, I will write it down and send it to thee my father, if I remain alive. Let us therefore pray from this place, and thou my father from yonder, and all the children of men everywhere, that history may speak of the great change that is going to take place in the world ; and just as we have been unable to describe the wants of these evil times as they really were, because of the abundance of their afflictions, so also may we be unable to tell of those that are coming, because of the multitude of their blessings. And may our words be too feeble to speak of the happy life of our fellow-citizens, and of the calm and peace that shall reign throughout the world, and of the great plenty that there shall be,' and of the superabundance of the harvest of the blessing of God, who hath said^, “The former troubles shall be forgotten and shall be hidden from before us.” To Him be glory for ever and ever, Amen. * That befitted Celer and his master the emperor. f This, sentence is no doubt a later addition, probably from the pen of Dionysius of Tell-Mahre. + Isaiah, ch. lxv. 16. INDEX. Abarn£, the hot spring of, dries np, 24. Abgar, the promise of Christ to king, 5, 26, 51, 52. Addai, or Addaeus, the general, 8. 'Adid the Arab, surrenders to the Greeks, 61. Aedesius the priest, 70. 'Agar, a village near Zeugma, 57. Agel, or Enjil, north of Diyar-bekr, 39. 'Akko, or Acre, destroyed by an earthquake, 37. Aid the Goth, 58. Alexander, governor of Edessa, appointed, 19; his reforms and buildings, 20; dismissed, 23. A Amid, 1; besieged by the Persians, 38, 41; taken by them, 42; fate of its inhabitants, 43; besieged by Patricius and Hypatius, 44, 45; the siege raised, 45; occupied by the Persians, 55; attacked again by Patricius, 55, and besieged by him, 56 — 61; sufferings of its inhabitants, 61, 62; negotiations with the Persians about its garrison, 64 ; the Persian garrison allowed to depart, 65 ; a bishop appointed, 66 ; headquarters of Pha- razman, 7 0 ; remission of tax to its district, 7 5. 'Ammudin, on the border, 44. Anastasius, the emperor, 6; ascends the throne, 13; abolishes the chrysargyron, 22 ; suppresses the fights of wild beasts in the amphitheatre, 23; gives money for the poor at Edessa, 31; A suppresses the festival of the 17th Iyar (May) at Edessa, a.d. 502, 35; sends Rufinus to Kawad, 38; remits taxes, 30, 55 63, 71, 75. Anastasius, governor of Edessa, dismissed, 19. Antioch, 9, 10, 11, 34, 68. Antiphorus, the, or town-hall, at Edessa, 18. Apameia, 68, 70. Appion the hyparch, 44. Aqueducts at Edessa, 69. 78 INDEX. Arabs, the nomade, 64, 70; the Greek Arabs, 39; attack al-Hirah, 45 ; invade the Persian territory and are punished, 7 0 ; the Persian Arabs rebel against Kawad, 15, but submit, 16 ; ad¬ vance to the Khabur, 45, and are defeated by Timostratus, ib. ; threaten Serug, 50; march to the Euphrates, 51; invade the Greek territory and are punished, 69. Areobindus, the general, 44 ; defeats the Persians at Nisibis, ib. ; is defeated by Constantine, and retreats to Telia and Edessa, ib. ; garrisons Edessa, 46, 49, 52, 53; rewards the valour of the villagers, 54 ; is presented with the marvellous egg, 57 ; lays waste Persian Armenia, 61 ; winters at Antioch, 68. Armenia, ravaged by Kawad, 39 ; invaded by the Greeks, 61. Armenians, the, rebel against Kawad, 14; are reconquered by him, 16; in the Persian army, 46. Arsamosata, its church destroyed by an earthquake, 25. Ashparin, or Sipliris, 46, 64. Aurora borealis, a.d. 502, 37. Balash, king of Persia, 1 2 ; blinded and deposed, 1 3. Bar-hadad, bishop of Telia, 48, 75. Barsa, name of a family at Edessa, 72. Basil, the count, given as a hostage to the Persians, 52, 53 ; re¬ stored, 64. Basiliscus, deposes Zenon, 9. Bathhouse, fall of a, at Edessa, 21. Batnan, or Batnae, in Serug, taken by the Persian cavalry, 54 ; its wall repaired, 70. See Serug. Bawl, the Persian Astabid, 50. Bekin, a village near Edessa, 51. Berytus, synagogue of the Jews in it destroyed by an earthquake, 37. Beth- Arm aye, a Persian province, 55. Birta, 71. Blemyes, the, 13. Boils, plague of, at Edessa, 17, 19. Caesarea of Cappadocia, 39. Callinicus, or ar-Rakkah, 45 ; attacked by the Persians, 55. Calliopius the Aleppine, 44 ; becomes hyparch, 58, 63 ; winters at Mabbog, 68; with Celer on the frontier, 75. Celer, or Celerius, the magister, sent to Mesopotamia, 54; arrives at Mabbog, 55 : sends Timostratus to Shigar, 58 ; discontinues the -A assaults on Amid, 60; goes to invade the Persian territory, 61 ; his cruel orders to the Greek generals, 63; threatens the governor INDEX. 79 A of Amid and the count Peter with death, 64 ; conference with the Astabid regarding the Persian garrison of Amid, ib. ; re¬ fuses to punish Nonnosus, 65 ; concludes a provisional treaty with the Persians, 65 ; returns to the emperor, 68 ; returns to Apameia, 70; chastises the Greek Arabs, ib. ; fortifies Europus, 71; goes down to the Persian frontier to make peace, 72; com¬ plaints against him by the Edessenes, 73; quits Edessa, ib. ; interview with the Astabid, whom he takes prisoner, 74; con¬ cludes peace with the Persians and remits the taxes, 75; his return to and departure from Edessa, 75,76. Christ, our Lord J esus, His promise to Abgar regarding the city of Edessa, 5, 26, 51, 52. Chrysargyron, remission of the, by Anastasius, 22. Church of Arsamosata, destroyed by an earthquake, 25. Church of the Apostles, at Edessa, 33. Church of the Confessors, at Edessa, 51, 54. Church of SS. Cosmas and Damianus, at Edessa, 51. Church, the Great, at Edessa, 22, 32, 33, 70. Church of S. John the Baptist and S, Addai, at Edessa, 20. Church of Mar Kona, at Edessa, 33. Church of S. Mary the Virgin, to be built at Edessa, 69. Church of SS. Sergius and Simeon, at Edessa, 22, 50, 51, 54. Church of S. Thomas, at Edessa, 22, note ||. Comet seen at Edessa, a.d. 499, 27. Constantina. See Telia. Constantine the emperor, statue of, at Edessa, 19. Constantine, governor of Theodosiupolis, the traitor, 37 ; commands a Persian army, 44; deserts the Persians, 60; his treatment by the emperor, ib. Cyrus, bishop of Edessa, 19; dies, 23. Dahbana, 53. Daisan, the river, 18. Damascus, 68. Dara, 44 ; fortified by the Greeks, 70. Darmesuk, 68. Demosthenes, appointed governor of Edessa, 23; goes on a visit to Constantinople, 30; returns to Edessa, 31; his care for the poor, 31, 32. Earthquakes, 23 — 26, 37. Edessa, impregnable, according to our Lord’s promise, 5, 51, 52; refuses to admit Matronianus and his troops, 1 1 ; celebration of 80 INDEX. A the festival on the 17th of Iyar (May), 18, 20; its suppression, 35; fall of the summer bathhouse, 21 ; festival to celebrate the remission of the chrysargyron, 22; fall of part of the wall near the Great Gate, 26; great famine, 29 sqq. ; hospitals, 32; threatened by Na'man and fortified, 41; threatened by the Persians, 46, 48 — 50; besieged, 51; the siege raised, 52; but re¬ newed, 53; raised again, 54; restored and fortified by Eulogius, 69; conduct of the Edessenes towards Celer, 73, 75. Egg, a miraculous, 57. Emmaus. See Nicopolis. Eugenius, dux of Melitene, defeated by the Persians, 40 ; retakes Theodosiupolis of Armenia, 41. Eulogius, governor of Edessa, repairs the town, 69 ; rebuilds the walls of Batnan, 70. Europus (Jerabis), fortified, 71. Eusebius, deputy governor of Edessa, 30. Eutychianus, the husband of Aurelia, an Edessene, 19. Famine and pestilence at Edessa, 29 sqq. Famiyah. See Apameia. Festival celebrated on the 17th of Iyar (May) at Edessa, 18, 20, 23; suppressed by Anastasius, a.d. 502, 35. Flavian, patriarch of Antioch, 66. Fog at Edessa, a.d. 499, 26. Funerals, how conducted at Edessa during the plague, 33. Gainas, dux of Arabia, killed, 61. Gallab, or Jullab, the river, 49. Gate of the Arches, or Tombs, at Edessa, 18, 20. Gate, the Great, at Edessa, 26. Gate of the Theatre, at Edessa, 18. Germans, the, 13. Goths, the, as mercenaries in the Greek army, 68, 71 ; mutiny at Edessa, 72; their outrageous conduct there, 73. Graves at Edessa, 33. Greeks, the Byzantine, 1 ; their treaty with the Persians, 7. Harran, attacked by the Persians, 50. Hirta, or al-Hirah, attacked by the Tha'labites, 45. Honorius and Arcadius, the Greek emperors, 8. Hormizd, one of Kawad’s officers, 53. Hospitals at Edessa, 32. Huns, the, 7, 12, 15, 46 ; one of their chiefs captured by the Harr.a- nites and ransomed, 50. INDEX. 81 ITypatius, a Greek general, besieges Amid, 44, 4 5 ; replaced bv Pharazman, 70. Ulus, governor of Antioch, 9 ; Zenon’s attempt on his life at Constantinople, ib. ; retires to Antioch, 10; rebels with Leontius against Zen6n, ib. ; they conclude a treaty with the Persians, 11; quit Antioch, ib. ; are defeated by John the Scythian, ib. ; flee to the fortress of Papurion, ib. ; are taken and put to death, 12. Isaurians, the, rebel against Anastasius, but are put down, 15. Jacob of Batnae, his letters to the cities of Mesopotamia, 43, Jerabis. See Europus. Jerusalem, 66. Jews, treachery of the, at Telia, 47 ; they are massacred, 48. A m John, bishop of Amid, 66. John the Scythian, sent against Ulus and Leontius, 11; defeats them, ib. ; besieges and takes Papurion, 11, 12. Jovinian, or Jovian, the Greek emperor, 7. Julian, the Greek emperor, death of, 7. Justin, the count, afterwards emperor, 65. Kadishaye, the, rebel against Kawad, 14; besiege Nisibis, ib. ; sub¬ mit to Kawad, 16 ; join the Persian army, 46. Kallath, the river, 56. Kara Koyun, the. See Daisan. Kawad, king of Persia, is left as a hostage with the Huns by his father Peroz, 8 ; becomes king, 1 3 ; sends an embassy to Zendn, ib. ; favours the Zaradushtakan, or Mazdakites, ib. ; is hated by the Persian nobles, 14; who conspire against him, 15; flees to the Huns, ib. ; marries his sister’s daughter, ib. ; returns to Persia with a Hunnish army and slays the nobles, 1 6 ; invades the Greek territory, ib. ; reconquers the Armenians, ib. ; invades Armenia, A and takes Theodosiupolis, 37 ; besieges Amid, 38 sqq. ; takes the town, 42 ; intends to besiege Edessa, 46 ; nominates a successor to Na'man, 47 ; lays siege to Telia, 47 ; raises the siege, and marches against Edessa, 48 ; besieges Edessa, 51 ; retreats, 52 ; returns, 53 ; retreats again, 54 ; advances to the Euphrates, ib.; retires to Beth-Armaye, 55 ; sends troops against Patricius, 56, 57 ; builds baths in the Persian towns, 60, 61 ; sends an embassy to the magister Celer, 64. KSphar SSlem. See Negbath. Kona, bishop of Edessa, 33. Kubbe, a village near Edessa, 52. J. S. I 82 INDEX. Kushanaye, the, 7. See Huns. Leon, sent by Anastasius with presents to Kawad, 66. Leontius, the count, commander at Telia, 47, 48. Leontius, the general, sent by Zenon against Illus, 10; joins Illus and is proclaimed emperor at Antioch, ib. See Illus. Locusts, 23, 27. Mabbog, or Mabug, 21, 55, 63, 68, 71. Magi, the, or Persian priesthood, hate Balash, 12. Malatia or Malatyah. See Melitene. Matronianus, sent by Illus and Leontius to occupy Edessa, 11. Maudad, a village near Edessa, 69. Medes, the river of the, 49. Melitene, 55, 68. Menbij. See Mabbog. Metroninus. See Matronianus. Millet, sown by the starving people, 28. Miracle at Edessa (Constantine’s statue), 19. Mock suns seen at Edessa, a.d. 499, 27. Mushlek (Mushegh) the Armenian, submits to the Greeks, 61. Na'man, king of al-Hirah, sent to attack Harran, 39, 40 ; threatens Edessa, 41 ; is wounded, 46; menaces the Edessenes, 47 ; dies, ib. Negbath, a village near Edessa, also called Kephar Selem, 49, 54. Nicaea, 60. Nicomedia, in Bithynia, its people afflicted by demons, 37. Nicopolis, or Emmaus, destroyed by an earthquake, 24. Nisibis, occupied by the Greeks, 6 ; surrendered to the Persians for 120 years, 7 ; besieged by the Kadishaye, 14, 16; the Persians are driven into it by Areobindus, 44 ; Persian troops quartered there, 58; part of its garrison destroyed by a Greek ambush, 61; sallies from it against Dara, 70; the Astabid and his troops driven into it by Celer, 74, 75. Nonnosus, the dux, 65. Nonnus, bishop of Amid, 66. Nonnus, the xenodochus at Edessa, 32. Olympius, dux of Telia, defeated by the Persians, 40 ; dies while on an embassy in Persia, 64. Opadna, 46. A Orhai, 1. See Edessa. Ortaye, the, 28. Palm Sunday, its observance introduced by Peter, bishop of Edessa, 23. INDEX. 83 Pamprepius, 10. Papurion, the fortress of, 9, 11, 12. Patriciolus defeats the Persians, 51 ; retreats to Samosata, ib . A Patricius, a Greek general, 44 ; besieges Amid, ib. ; is defeated by the Persians, 46 ; flees to Samosata, ib. ; attacks Amid, 55 ; flees, but rallies, and defeats the Persians, 56 ; besieges Amid, 56 — 59, 61 ; winters at Melitene, 68. Peroz, king of Persia, 7 ; conquers the Huns, 8 ; is taken prisoner by them, ib. ; concludes a peace with them, ib. ; goes to war again and is defeated by them, ib. ; ransoms himself, ib. ; goes to war with them once more, is defeated and perishes, 8, 9. Persians, the, 1,5; their treaty with the Greeks, 7 ; hold Hisibis for 120 years, 7. Pestilence at Edessa, 31, and throughout Mesopotamia, 34. Peter, bishop of Edessa, 23; his reforms, ib. ; orders public prayers to be offered at Edessa, 27 ; goes to Constantinople, 29, 63 ; his illness, 72. Peter, the count, flees to Ashparin, 46 ; is taken prisoner by the Persians, ib. ; when in captivity saves Telia, 47 ; is released, 64. A Pharazman, a Greek general, lays an ambush against Amid, 45 ; A winters at Apameia, 68; occupies Amid, 70; at Dara with Celer, 74. Philoxenus. See Xenaias. Prices of wheat, barley, etc., at Edessa, 17, 28, 29, 31, 34, 35, 69. Ptolemais. See 'Akko. Ras-ain, 27, 57, 58, 65. Remission of taxes and imposts, 30, 55, 63, 71, 75. See Chrysargyron and Taxes. Rifite, the, a Greek officer in command at Harran, 50 ; defeats the Persians, ib. Romanus, the dux, 71 ; is attacked by the Gothic mutineers, 72. Rufinus, a Greek officer, sent by Anastasius as ambassador to Kawad, 38 ; imprisoned by Kawad, 39 ; released, 43. Rufinus, the prefect, 8. Samosata. See Shemishat. Scirtus, 6 'Skl pros. See Daisan. Sergius, bishop of Birta, 71. Sergius, a priest and abbot, to whom this chronicle is dedicated by its author, 1. Serrin, a village near Edessa, 51. SSrug, attacked by the Persian Arabs, 50. See Batnan. 84 INDEX Sh&mishat, 46, 51. Shiggar, Shigar, or Sinjar, the mountains of, 43, 44, 58. Shila (Mar), or Silas, dies, 74. Shura, 60. Sidon, partially destroyed by an earthquake, 37. Siphris. See Ashparin. Stratonicus, priest and steward of the Great Church at Edessa, afterwards bishop of Harran, 32. Suph, or Sophene, 39. Suriyah. See Shura. Tamuraye, the, rebel against Kawad, 14; make their submission, 16. Taxes, remission of, 30, 55, 63, 71, 75. See Chrysargyron and Remission. Telia, 27, 40, 65, 70; besieged by the Persians, 47 ; the siege raised, 48. Tell-Beshmai, a village west of Maridin, 40. Tell-Zema, a village near Edessa, 69. TSwath-il, priest and steward of the Great Church at Edessa, 32. Tha‘labites, the, attack al-Hirah, 45, 46. Theodore, a Greek general, 45 ; winters at Damascus, 68. Theodosiupolis of Armenia, taken by Kawad, 37 ; retaken by Eugenius, 41. Thomas, bishop of Amid, 66. Timostratus, the dux of Callinicus, defeats the Persian Arabs, 45 ; defeats the Persians, 55 ; carries off the cattle of the Persians from Shigar, 58; chastises the Greek Arabs, 70; is with Celer at Dara, 74. Trimerius the dancer, 18. Tyre, partially destroyed by an earthquake, 37. Urbicius, the minister, at Jerusalem, 66, and Edessa, 66, 69. Yitalianus, the son of Patriciolus, 51. Wheat, barley, etc., prices of, at Edessa, 17, 28, 29, 31, 34, 35, 69. Wild beasts, ravages of, 67, 70. Xenaias, bishop of Mabbog, 21. Zamashp, king of Persia, 15. Zaradushtakan, the, followers of Mazdak, 13. Zendn, the Greek emperor, 7 ; ransoms Peroz from the Huns, 8 ; deposed by Basiliscus, 9 ; restored, ib. ; tries to murder Illus, ib. ; sends Leontius to Antioch to coerce Illus, 10; sends John the Scythian to punish Illus and Leontius, 11 ; dies, 13. Zeugma, 56, 57. Cambridge: printed by c. j. clay & son, at the university press. CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYLITE. 92 Vl£>vo vV^Amioj ^A^lo *. L£i ]7o\ . (\ o .-^.Zooi-oV ]j] 3,.»Aoo |j] I>q.»3 :]j?aiaA\ ^a-»o ^JL]y ^Zcxtlo]o ]A)3j(L» ^Zk? - ^.n, \o ^1d l-aL-j] *_» _i!.0 ^OOlZ.UO ^^">Z 5 V? m-»]o .]Aj_1j»Z? *|AZAo ch-»A-»l ]oonZ iLn^kra 1 2]oai? * • • : ^cruA-il? ]Ld IjALqX n^m ]_»_|Lo ] i ^jActlZ> s^SLm i ^Z]? v »-\aiZ> jk>1 .^otAcli? ]Zo|-»-^rD loaiZ V*j .3,__»cnAri2? IZct-u^-CD ^1d Qj-aA^LoX ..,_\_»? ]Z-L_.jiD ]n_£ 1j-^o? ^ jAo]SaZ>? ,-io j^AZ^Sd 10 'h 3 l xcitd ^lLo -l^Vvn airD ^ZAnlb? ]ln^-»o ],i .».» 'Zao oai ]aiZ^\? ]A^)3a^? lAZZki? 1Z}-»_^cd IZo^jZ^jlSoo \]o? •:• ^q\_» 1) This passage is also quoted by Assem&ni, loc. cit ., p. 283. 2) Read *|och? 1 3) MS. <0(JlA£i-4?. 91 RETURN OF CELER TO ED ESS A. A)o .^n.n cn.a1l.2A A_i]aijZ£Ao ccno • • ,2 oiAoocA ‘anaa *|Aa>5 1Zo-kkx(1xxA> .ooAd l^cmo] ^oaAa «-2)"jo .*|5qaiA jlDjA.0 ]n5 ^_lo ]ja_»yjo v » \ * \£ 2 Aio -o n i voaiiQA ro ]iol.o wAloo an. yiA.o * • • ]lDQ_i jJD ^0T_»^ GtAd Ux.x>Ao .*jAa}5 ]Zor^^ ]Aj__»r kA 5 • • • • _xAk> 1 mVn.ltmX ^ai_»o 1ZAZ ]ASdq_» »_*cl6 oaio . ^y.».LaX ~ • A • p ]Ajljj1o >AAa .lAr^cnoAo .^AAn Ij^Ao] ^Ao ^otA jxoch Aj_oSd> 1A_»cji^o ^lolo :]oaij :*iZ]kA ^AmSo; ]Zyx-gi.»3 1;n,mo ^x^Ao :aia> ^ i So i-O? 3 Gil x- » ^xADi] > .mn^L.pn QiZoCLa-4^? ]cnA|J ,_x3Ql00 10 oi5rl? ^kAo aA ]AZl^uAr^ -.IZoAAo ^.xGIxZjZ Al V 4kO\1j rD ^OICLjQZZ . wiOiaZ_»o3 jkAoAO) ]joi ]rAk> ^ixA] Ax|j Al? ooul CI. • • ^ ]] p .mAAw.Z ZvoAl Ax^AbZI? y»J\ «— i~^,.cq ^Ao AAo Aocn I]]] ]L Afek> ..^Sb ]j] ]J p -V) po ]j] p .^xAaio ,-xdho 7^qA1d cxik) jxAxj .^ki jkOjJA ...ynn^Vi ]7n 1 vVnA^Vn ••^*? W b\ 1ZoA^> *. yZ^]^ Vijoa^ U SbZ Aj] A)> li] «m 20 ^»A |_,oai .uxZq.x_4-k> Al 1aA|] *oj„bZ AIaxAd] 1) O is more recent. 2) MS. qAlo, but the 0 is more recent. 3) Read |.Lx. * '? 4) MS. JDJxx, but the point seems to be more recent. 5) MS. Oj-lAro] ^qAqA». Assemani, Bibl. Orient ., t. i, p. 282, gives ^yAZiCo] ^oklxA-». 6) This sentence is an addition by some later hand. 7) MS. .cn <^Vv CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYLITE. 90 ]ccn .npgyvn "|Zq_o^ ctlAolo ^clZ rso .]ZoA.ttZo> "|ZAocL» .[]o]cn jlocnlb ^rZ lb odi % sco^cn. i-^1d . oiZq.\ r->-nZ.^l «gl£U rG ,__»3 ]ALodZ 5Aro XCVIII. .• I_t.ro r-^i\ 1 1 1] \loAj? cnX v_»ooi ^AilZcdj ]ZZZl 5 .to.^ ]_!_»._» o .ootAqjl !>q_l_o1 ]ia I .no .]x_»_-» Aki*j^ • • • V ]ro;_03 *.,oc7Lo 1 2qAolkjZ .aroAr) .octiA-Lj_o IjgAgo <_-»lo5o ooai IZaZL*.^ ^oaibso U ^ . ]ocn? 1 1 t -■ n ^gijo \]Aoa _k>Z'go oooi Ag 1-Lgctio \ ,_»dai v > *\V> IZoiiau iGQ-L 1]?5 3]jl4Lq._» .OaiX Zu] "joOTJ .]_hZx£jQ_0D *£LoZl»Z3 ]J6> &i\o bjlo] A->.^\ iGloZl»Z5 Z] ^QJOIO . ^0 0.1 1 15 4Q_L5o1 O?^ IjOl ^010 .OT-^Z^ ]_»0l30*i A-^G^O ] » mm .. o?,-* ]A_»_jyjZ) ]Lh^>] *£>1 ^ > \jO 5Zigo .v_»oi5o|g) • wjOOI ,_L3QAD ]0O13 •. _->^l k_i^_»Z ) » i V)Zo — >yco,.\ ^ocugo C. *_^5Z*| \ w_,ai5oll mjlLo roo .IZoclkjZ <_Sd ^clXcoo 11 i. rnXnZ 20 .w_»aiaZ-L5 ^ooul£5 ^Ad iqtZ^om lb ^cooi-^co-i-^Lo ]oai ]5Z] ^Aj lb . OTHIj^I JIZj ]^nm ,^| 3301*G> ] i o] }Ln± oi5Ag) ,_Ao gqgj»j 11 o . ctlg ^±L»L* IAIokA 1) MS. 2) O is more recent. 3) There is repeated in the MS., 1_lZ^ACL» ^OCTLA A,] ]oOUO .jj-b-feJCLCD *£LoZu»Z3. The O in ]ooUO is more recent. 4) 0 is more recent. 89 THE PERSIANS RETREAT TO NISIBIS. plo cnAoiA Aaco ..^ooiAai? jj’^jAo ^ooiAso y»Aoooi> ^ooiAs q._<^A v i .,m.x.n\ ]l-K*o •.‘ULdooij? ^AojjjaA ^o] "j^cn w-,aio . r-j_£A^°l Aoa oil? ^.jA-iI .2q_»q.A ]ZqAAk>A ^ai ]1] ^cucno .>cci.co? U— .. aiiai? ,__lA_»1o p>_£i&royo_ . ^oaiZaA a^Loo o chpK*Aoo 5 \^P* rO •] > my<^> ]A .. M p_»5 ]I_i_^j .8Oj.Qki 1Aa>^A00 .^ooiAA.^? ,_Sd 2qjo^ oiiaA? <__»A.j*)o t^l ^sd) «.«.^*jZ]? 3p*>A.rA r»..n^SD\} oocn "U^Dooi) .p-^oA 2q.Alo ]ooi >co-k.^i k) ^cD^ni-i-^loo .A^nkA otAola? p.*A.»y .] 1 ».«,\ 4^oclkjAjo jr^j^A lAAi ^oooij y> ..^oi-AiO wjcncLCLCi_»o aiA qaAdA.**) ^ojoio .a_»_cA^1 ^j^l^AqAo p ^ooiAa.j.^0) ,_Sd otAqaj v >A->yp : *n .^vA pijo^roy voaT._»Zul IjlZLAAo .4VooiZasiro . pS\ a^.o) |] 1Vk>o : aiA^;.a-V?\ ,l1i h^-^1 .l^Aoooij'j ]jvrAD ]ci_ru5 oai _ k»5 ^ooi_A 5q-Aa> 15 ,ooA "joai "j^io -voaiZaA ooi <&) A10 ■^-.mQin.An oooi ,_»_o ^ y ^ooiAA-Ki? ^Ado -IAUjAd ,_Ao cttAqa lO-gikA 5j-» -4-iAooot^A ^ooiAA^j U^Z y? p->> 'AgAoo .vP.-gikA "U-cd^? IjqdqAqj ^]o tjuO^A oiZ^d ^A_»] lAkxAnro >£Oo^4.m.>..^Vo 01A ^A» p . n oiAa_» 20 001 ». > xk) .. JOCL0Z ^50-kkA^ V1 U^i : ^.A }nAo y> ^cASqj? pA yi -.W ^£L£U y IAAko plo ]oai y? IAq^Aq 1) MS. QJAjo"), but the O seems to be later. 2) O is more recent. 3) For pKjjkA ; MS. OpK^kA. 4) Read ^CLQ^jJO ? 5) O is more recent. 6) MS. p£Xj ^^JlA (sic). 7) MS. aAn CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYLITE. 88 .^OjClOJ y o .y»Olj'o]c OOOl ^j-^jjAD? ,_A_il jAxJDOjjDO ./qAq_»5 ]] p ooi .’accc Llxm^ lAj-ijloj ]Z'Ar_» .^£D ]?ai5 odi Ai .ciqA ]Jo .]oai 1^? ALcAZ] 5 2jcmkA %n.«.-K>Z‘j *-_«__uCn AO,AO lAj—i, iol Ual • • • ZuR jAjOO 3 A^CCn joOl *|]_u_^ID ]-l-C2 V\q • y 1 . CnZolQxmC .|_lAj wiOi5o"| ^Ad Axcoi ^c> * * 41vmciAoZo IfeaiAoZ Aj__» XCYII. OlZoA ]Z]o .|SOO_k>ZA A-kuJO CTlAuxj ClAoA SDO-r^Stl-L 10 ] r-uLocn ^c] ailai }ooi A] p .1Aj__»jAd ]5,A |_u£d;o5 Ir-^l |_l_u_»5 ooi ^5 .cjoiorcual ,coZo cn ooi .cl oiX c>i *. rcu> jc^ 6vaX ciuo .IZ^^^oi^jZIcq-kuc ^acj-bZj ^-j-o5Aco .Acc? Id y p ,__u_»rc 1]1q_*_1A^c 1?A? 1^1 15 'Ado .^o^mj Uo? ^-uX^lo j-LOjclc ^oZj ^^cio 7jAolZ]> IkxcuO aic5oyo 5A 1v-*Adoio . .oaim_Zc • • • ^ ^OjAo |lcj ]kAj5 :]o01 ^4^ -I-1-*! y? ^ll l_uLooaijp m\n\ ^qjucI -.l-u.coyc v^oiaAi Iocjtj ^qj] fnoo .^oaiA «c ctl» 1Z]o .,_-uJ_.4Sd p ^aco ,-Ao 20 •> oiZoA ^aciAhj AU_uAo ^ooiA I_.1_imZ.1d ^di 1Z1> oouj? ^qjch ]add;c1c cLo :aic5oy j-jucA^I r-»? U1 r° 1) O is more recent. 2) MS. O; vmVnX. 3) MS. Al_^C5. 4) The MS. has the marginal note : y*-*r-Q A-uLd ]Aj_* |?cnc IZuj-O ... D) (or l_u\_u_») Uju-» ^po. 5) MS. l^-uSccn. 6) MS. ^oAcruo. 7) MS. C-1;- 87 OUTRAGEOUS CONDUCT OF THE GOTHS. ’onraAV) .• ooci jl^*) .jjjDcn jOoxjZh ^4Ao .axil ^2lk>Ao5 ..lioj ^octlXjj ,_1d qZa? 5 p 1 an.eu 1Qiom2>Z1 ]-»ZZi ]A£lo p ^oauAoj ]n-»-£irD l5Z"j asho -.Ijju-^rD l}Aa*j ^Ao ^55cloALd ,, cl^. U- ^So Uo ]ipZ-a^-£DO .0-21^ Axo] ]nVnn v\n ,_Sd *0X21.30 IAjl^o oxciZZ] ^A_»o <--1.25 AZ p ^oaiAro;.! <__»> •:• ^ooiAjZdo? Xl !oA_lAdo ]jXa ]Aib 10 |jv-k»1 •:• ]Z}j^_^ro lAXaoAo ^Ad a^X-oZ] ]j-w3Qjqd X4A0 .• vOot-Z^ ^ V>.«Ao> ^X^]? |j)lo ooai ^xAb5 Aaoo *.}.Oi._» ^namj) "jAi^X 1qXa> vfaaAi .aiX 4-»o] ]5]^ pL^o IZqAo ..vaomj |]> ^qj] Upj? U-J-^ AjuXo : ^oaiA-^j.^ ]_k«o5AAo p ^ ]j>Zj •:• ^ZZ] ]] oiIdjo 15 IAa^ ^ooi_»Aa ooai p-kZA^Io :diX *mZZ? ^oau-j-ro^ ^_»*| J^OyloXso : ^oaiLm ooai p_»^?AAD 1Z4*-^ld voaiX a_»|2ilhX 15Z] ^oolX ooai ,__»-2>aiZ 2|],25 : ooai pj? ^oairo loai A^]> .^4X l?X»Xo ^oaiZ'Aa^ 3q„»-D5i] .^•Aa^ pSo Um^ ]J . ch ]Z5)> lAZLciro oo on U IaaZ^o> l_i_Aor.o Vl^rai rs . ,.0001 ^OOlX |_»^lo ]A\j^5 ^Ao Vuo j-pZZ] "|f.rxi_» ^Aoo ‘.lA^ib-OD or^l |]Z_^.£D Iv^-^ 5 'a-^jZlCol '|VL,*_£DO ..OOUAO \LSj 'oAjlAOO ..001j-Xl p «£oj_Aoo5 .a_i_rDlZ1 ]] ^ooZo .]^lL^jto ooaio ^ooiiAopoi ]Z5> ^Ld *0^1, -.Ijoi lA^iaAo , » *~> lAa] ot-!a Zoai l?oi ^Aoo .^oaiZi jApl ]] *.^ofkD ^ooZo .^^i)Z]o oiZ^-kkZ. p *.ooai ]n_,"| ^ooiZi ‘aig ]A\a 10 ]Z;Ao o') llZ? U^l .]ooi AaA ,00-lA *caZZ? ^j]o .. vocn^.^u .^OOl^A tool ]->-jft-Q |_joi5qa2^ )rJ^ ^A_»j ^onmxal XCY. vm > 1 oo5|o .] Ajl» ]?oi ctl-Ia "|oai ,__>cnoA__»1 lnm-io r v ^ ^ • 1 n .^AjUjAo ^.a Ij^Ao] ^-»lr-»A_» ^oZ ..,_.»? 15 A-i-^uA Za^jj Aclqo otJaaIa .roog^gL^o oZ] ^_»oi5o]] ^11 po . ? |SnJ-o ? lr-^-»l oiZqJa .. ^_,jl61o oi\ oooi ^ > m » g^vnn .A-lAd lAai.o oiAqa Ao-i-nj? ]1da .---laijol _Ld ^o\j |] 5 .• A-kkJ ]j..i..«.Z^ ooi . ] oi\ *o?i? 20 ooio . l.>..ro yjs? ]aZa1d Za^A ,_Ad 5?A^j ]j^1 &isl? ]]? ^Aoo . 1-a-Lo,^ ]aArA ^Aj v_»oi5o|oo ^cld vcoiZq.Aid 1_»5Q-Q£d v^)] .. oiAai ]oai A_i]? I^ZcL^Za ]Aj__»rk> Zooi jn^iro lAj-»jAO —ijij-KJ? IZuj'Q-LlO lA^jiO) Up, 3^CJ ihoo .0001 2^r-» 1) O is more recent. 2) MS. 3) Read ^.-tOlZ^AOQ 1 85 MUTINY OF THE GOTHIC MERCENARIES. ]]> ^a-ioo oooi All? XCIII. y.*] w»ViD Al ]]] .l_»Zd_^ ^-A-L ^O, •■■»., J? vD>]* looiZ? r.a^ .]joi )jlo.oq..a-o o5AZ") tQJon jjLoiio? ^ooAo> ln.m. AZ] . ^AroZj Ijcn A_»A po .^coiAAIj* .oiA ,__» AA ^(yiamj-Ajo ..^moo? ^oo. i V)o3 ZcA lAjL_»,kn 5 Ar-»-^ ^Zq_^A° Vo ^.Zocj5 ?an £3: AA .• 2^o]ou AZv^-Sd Uj1? ]A£A Ai) A A A ^ocnA ,noo toarm-i-^) Aib ocno .oocn r_»iA 3A^q-oA .AlO ^-*AAo . Ai--^ A-*-^0? "A A ^aOCQJ? V ^001_Lk) ^_-ijZ A.*oA IAjQ^Zo Ar^O 10 4a^c7i5 . jjoi A-oao 4qaLcl» p t-»Zd_^ ^cucno XCIY. .^cn-1-JQ.ZAn-3? Ar^ Aon 1Z5A *cqdo> *£Oq.jJLoo5 Ai • • • ^oaioc5 Ao mLoj» ., cn_>^a-lo A_k.o>5 ]AAomo ^rArb A_»U-*-^-co AdAoo| Ajo ^cnZa_*__»_^_»o Ai ^Qioo - .A-^n i 5 * ctl^iu.ido .^oiqjA Ajq^o laoZ ou__»i 15 • « • • ]]] ^4° y pZig, g° r- .'0001 (TLC3J pAi ]i.)Z Ain A^o'A^ ]ooi Ao --loon m ^ > m ^OiAIOLkkO 0001 A ZA A5? 0 7.*.jCTIQ A^ AlLcA? %_»_£} ,8^octi-lAl AiAaAo ^n.mvA ^octllId AlA v-»A >]1 1) O is more recent. 2) MS. ^A- 3) MS. AAA 4) O is more recent. 5) Originally ^nrn.i.g3 > cnn (sic), but cor¬ rected. 6) Read *)ooi 1j_» 01-05 ]Z5)) ? 7) This entire passage lias undergone correction. Originally the scribe wrote : V] (sic) A^O.r oA OOOl ^jAdO OOOl ^-j-.^-i-lhO (sic) ^OOT-k-O-i-CO ^OOT-Al AlkAj CLQ.Z.0D3. 8) Read w_,01cA^ 1 9) Might we not .venture to expunge this word ? Compare p. 86, 1. 4. CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYLITE. 84 1^)’| . ^ocnZA "joon umloo ^ \ 7n\ a_»_i^CD5 A_»"i;^A_»o .]ooi j^A IZcL-kktd ).o5 ^ ^-SO f.-»A_» ^OTLlAO ]oGl . "(5Z1 v!Df^j5 ,_lD ,-AoZ 5r.» ^oi5o]J 1 2oiZqjZ^^_kkJ? IAjQjoAZ . ^ )Soq._i_o O) O ? ^OCTLllD •. Ui- iD) ]^I£ICQ_»_^1 iCOx^CO ^__»3 *)5AjAd XCI. l5a_» ocn I-Lcij? ,eZ^ l5au |o\lb oiZ ^ctl»o -mAi.>rCn\ • • .f^cicAD> |j_0;jo ooaooiol] 10 uio CTl^ OOP! ^--illo -lio--* ffiX >CQQ-.^cn..»..^n 5 *,o ^ . <03~l\ > ,jo { 5 Z"| w»cna^iZ-Kj }L) jId]] ,_Ldro A-kkJ? ,_»? 5Ao XCII. IAZ^io -m^io ocn _cn5o]£3 %oA^o .>cci,oo) jeqjAdo5 • • ^cnXo ^\AA ^5 joZAb .]ocn rnA ]nm^n IZ^Z^cd 15 "j^^jQjQD? } L.Q,f3Q-» 5r-»0 \*|Aj_» ]rCTL^ &} ^OQo] :*| Z>-2L» IdAAoZo ]jjclo ^octlAd Q._»rjjO .]Zo5ou A_^o 7ctuaoIa ZqAo .ooai ^jL.m 1) Here a leaf is thought to be wanting in the MS. by Assemani and Martin, to which supposed loss the following marginal annota¬ tion in the MS. itself refers- |^.n.5 Vo 1A. ■ v ml taj.msj |o5cn JJ PI hen 5Ao>> |od5qaZa. It does not appear however that anything is really missing, for the quires are regularly numbered and have their full complement of leaves. All that is necessary is to place a full stop after ^OTiZa. 2) MS. OiZqjZ;._*_k>J5. 3) MS. mAn^A. 4) Read .-j-royAklO 1 5) MS. fn£lO, but the O is a later addition. G) MS. |j.Za^JClC05. 7) MS. QtZioZa. 83 BATNAN AND DARA FORTIFIED. T^CPO; A m ,Aa>AX A-K>J5 5A.O :|_iAQ£)*| ^Ao ^Xqjp ]oOU3 -.Ia^Xo-* ]aXSD ,-LO ,—.3 ^lAlib .w»015o]a) *);.-» !Z]o •:• ’.mx 4^0 01 «^iX jj u— .-^0;.mA:3 ]i-^£CLO ^a^aoj ]5o-» LXXXIX. 24m_i_-,c-Xo*t3 |aa_£ ^n.i.D ZrXZ*jo ^Ar^Z] ctlXa vj>5ALdo ]ooi 5 •* * 1_*_j^aa} ^o-rn y*_i«*-o *20301 ]5A_»Ad .1 * 3__»oi5o*|3 jjQAo^cn .u-»Ol5o]3 U.A? Iv^l^Aj-sj ]ajZ IL^J 4]jV£5fSD ^3 QAJCL* .|-;mi£l*0 ]|1qa1dZ Aa_» XC. :]3(ji X loch |ro5 ]a^.^q.£D3 .jrXAhX }_»ADoai33 jju-^ __*Zi0*| ^Xc .]S0CUjZ Xa |oAX *] Aa_»,Ao ^OOlX A-tX} 10 *^;ArO ^QAjAAj? : jId] ,_Sd 0*1 yz ^Ao ]AAdo01? 0001 ^Ao : 0001 ^rT*? 1^1 Xa OOOl ^001 i^AAD *|ZaXZX»3 ^°- 0° .51alo,Xa^3 ]Iou ■^.gynVn\ 0001 ^juAl^-^jZAoo : 0001 .A-*Ad ^oouAo Zoai ]al_»jAD y? v_.oia) oooi ^^i_»_2qAo ]ro5 ]]Aoa .^oodAaX 15 l5o-» yiroAj? ^oZAd IjoiX^Sdo .0110 ^oSZAhuj ]Aa->As ^ooiX ]1nrn<^ 6 *Q.j_rA^Z]o >fA£l }SoQ-kjZ Xa IajAZ? *jAj;„Q *|5rX ^3 IjuCD^a .oiX oooi ^__».aXo ,-AoAX oAj^jo •.y»5aro oiXa *(301 Xao .8^00lX OOOI <_-lX-&XAD0 ,_Lo 0001 ^jAASli ]ocn iClz do .jioto aoA_» Aj^jo .^oi5o*| 'rmA |n\lD aiA ocru laonnLLa]] ;mv 1 iAq_»ot1o o._»_o5o]o .]5o_») ]2)Q-kk\o ]A£l£uA 5 o>ai._,AlO) <__») |-kk^.Sd .^q_.^Ld ]Aj_jloo4\ ])oiro A-*.o ].ioj? ]odl) \]_kkjblAO) joZciO _k> 12v-»r^O ]Zo)ch_CD Aj_oX ]oai ocn ^octliId oi\cl» .\^sh.n IjimAoZo ^j-^ZL ]Aj» ]oai oxo ^ju-^rbo .]Aj__»j1d) ]a_£ib]o 5ctllj5 rQO0 Ijoki^cn U^ *o~L^? r^Amj ]J 70 . *cq_i_^l£Z1 flo ctiAX&Ld IvJolDjO otaAd • • 10 ]?Tirb Ajl.o orZ^_» 5 ,_k) ocn._. . *|cnXj] ,__i_jLo> ]^L MO)] \]AjL» ])CTl\ <__i) jiDj-L .V&£CLO ^,Aio .]A^Z!o r_»Z)Z ] jAqjoo .]A_® ]^£do . «-»Odl ^Aojlk) 3]j.M-»rO 4\^j rr1*!^0 ]Zrjo ]Ab\l 5Ao v lymk ]v-Mcoo 15.oAo» o] o,.L-\t ]] U^oj'CLO) __,) U-u^ LXXXYIII. ^2)2 ao»o .’U.£0)'ao ^Lo ^Vn’] « vnnm‘«i Aj_o\ ]]] >>ri0^o ]ocn A^]) ]_u£orO) ]j_o1;Ad ])0i .^'clo •."UAoocn) A_i«0) ^>1 .^oj] ^2o . i -■- »y2^ ^.o\ jOO ]id5q_^ ao_»o l-ucoyo A->_o!k ]jj_oao ]]) 20 ]oai Aj^j ..>coo >. ])ai ]2ao^ AkSoA_»] }li.^SDln^\ cnZ^ .] Ano)] ]Aj_» ])0i) aikAa^o ^_i)2o .<001 > ,.r.o.. >) ^lo ^o\o .span > iZ^-Q) >moo) -tcalo iZlo) ]Z222o ]rA-*r^ ^'r0 1^*1 ? 4) Read ^Z,io l&Zli? 81 CONDUCT OF THE GOTHS. GOVERNOR EULOGIUS. V>^klOO ImLoo k>A.Vo •-‘jA ]AkS.oiilQ ] Akko U'J ^omA_^_ln «A^o .oocn ^ooiAQ-^nk 'IA^j^jI ]Zdc^o ,A_j-knk -]aiPo .oocn ^-q-k-fckik) ,_-»aik ^ai-L^ko-a ,_Lo jojdA^I ]Jo -iojioyko |o5ovk ooai ,__»^Zk ^.i.So^-£D> ,__i_k_Z| :"j5Z1 w-uilo 1 1a. >j> ^)"jo . ^OOlA-a-ulO <_l0 5 ^x-i.^i [^ajLl vocn_/rV| •. ^qj] a->;.-«t.l.hl-Q amoiloX ooai jj U —4‘0 ..ooai ,__»_kn.» ^-»_±ko) <_!d ,do . u_»coi ^iO .. 0001 ^CL£ lk yOOl > kjL A_»|l0r.O3 ,__i_kaik ]]*) .0001 |a~»~aO s^)}o .ooai 3 j_a^lo *) Alack 3Aro fcklo> 1;_a£o ^oaik "jooi A^] ro .cooi 1-La.IoaIdo 10 j.roa> .3fmlak IZjk^-CD |j] "j|] j-iloo .^ai-JuL ^o,- a i |k .,__iCrik ,_. A.rL£i£D w->-j-Lo ra.ro3o53 ,1 Hal ■•jo, v.V)\ Z^2) liaiJ 2^? _.j 5Aa ,_Lo LXXXVII. rlalsb Zal 3^D;.4CCL^D ^(LiZiDO -.nnnnVni.V "|30)]Zo ij-uk^P ^Aoi^o :]l i £)Vok 15 Oik Anmno . «_»0l3o].0 k_uko |a > £U 4]ooi0 .^o ^An\ ]oai %^ 1 yba^T. 1jl£iLq..iAo cLln roj ,__»_L.cm ^cL^iLaJ ArZ\_L> \±\.d ^.-iAoi-t ^._»._rL .^oon 1 d L-^xo .oAQiiLAkA 5»a£im ^aiLnX qZl? ..ZjAb] |_»5a^ ^Ld v£j1 . AroAL) qZL :^LnC0 ^OIOJQj^LtO ^jeuj] r^j rJo5 I J ^ZAol .|J1 nnrb j] to? IroAx? . e_»ccn _>odi ]A^)o5 lA_iZL»Z aroArZl .^roArko ]j,'->o"j? <--JLl 10 0001 ^1-b lnrrLLl.!0 y->) ..'Lx.L-o ^j1 kno TxZnio ooai ^.K>Zka_Vo ^ocuv-^rj kno .w_*or lrJ»l ]Zo.ro^ ^lo 0001 6r-»~»^*-LAVo lAx-sLo ^ocriX ^^ccl^Ido ooai 8r-x-^J^°ZVo 7 lrjcLa.ro -.Ij^I ]oai A_il> 1jlcd]o :*-*.jZit5 U^^ro lA^arVoo -IZiaii ]A2ik A_»_roo .ooai ,__>vL A_»l-«-— lA±Zrlo.roo l-aj'onro 1-3rJLr-»^Jk 20 ^oai ^arLob 13 > ^.^Vdo -ooai 11Z_.^xd Vor lA^jjo] ^oaiZoj-Kxro l±Lbol kn *.lAj_jrLo5 ItoZcLzjo IZ5? vOcfl! • lAriroo \ocl&£> ooai -ju-^Z^aAo l*--iLo vaaZ^d ^iJLo .ooai 1) MS. ^Zaly 2) MS. 3) MS. ^Qj]. 4) MS. ^_»ai^aij‘rl0. 5) O is more recent. 6) MS. <_x. Alo . 7) MS. lrjQ-a.ro (sic). 8) Read 1 9) Read ^jXQjLVdo? 79 WILD BEASTS TROUBLESOME. . ^cn5o|J ^.LoZ ]L)o ,_l£>Z *^cn_»o ^1dAZ> A-kkJ U-^ x-j.mLD^ ^cpZp Ar^> IZAj] 'Zr^ ^ai_»o y?0 ^Q_k-Lcb5 .}Ji_J ^aiZ^D Z\_iZkQ j~» ^Zo-» .,-kj llOl v O A.1.C0 ]SM5 1L., 5Ac> ^_Lo : "j Ajl_» ]?ctlo chr^ LXXXY. 5 ]rZL»? I^aro A^l-d> ^jAoi IAaZZd 1Zo.>,.k> 1"^.^) ^Zid]1d\ w_.oc7i I>QAi] .#^ojdi |^-rnr^ w»oai ^£U> «_i6ai ^.ZLi .]lL&-°? lrZL» 1w_i_^o]o o^r^5 .]■«,. i I'm? ^ZZajo .^Z^o |_»_ZZ£ w_,ocn ^_2l4-Z»° V»3Q-o q_^A 1^-*-** . ^oaiZ* rJj-;rrik)o lA^j'o]^ I^oaSo ^1 ^oai 10 chZi^iD *—ffl_j"| "jocn A_»A l??]? :ooai |j_2cn .]j-» 2 3ZcL-k>5 1 AZ^k»5 ^.Ld :)l]r± ]J? cn5)]^ Zacu> .-ISao : ,__»Aa> arZ^ 'Zju^ ^|Z.ho5 ocfi : vjAo> ^5 aiZojSj-Lkio ^(tljlId ^l£l3 \ k ii n O *_» r- 1 1 15 p q_»AJ1o o^£)o •. ^ctuId uiA )rl^ ^2)] . w_iCn5c)J .aoAX^j5> fio)> och .•’jaiZ^J -juJlX:: )\*jO .4_-Z-k j 'Z^Ao .]x5l5 IZoj.^ chXo 'Zl ^ZZ’I ^q.dAa,oio IZaj-joO :}_i-2}_®0 IjZqAdO )a2120 Ioj. JnJ ^ ^ 3 3 M cnZo o . y jo ,-o.iAs? IZ.j-J.jj] Rov^do ~)A-«-'Zo 20 .^_Di^> ^jCTiZin ^So fj-s ^aiaLQjjj ^io Al_Z, ^2j]o LXXXVI. 1) MS. Qj-2)0]o, but the O is more recent. 2) MS. Zq._»_^j5. 3) The MS. seems to have ^__.A_»_l0. 4) MS. ^Qj] and ^__l _ L>J . CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYLITE. 78 0001 J2l\rD0 .|_lXDjO0 OXa_X.L <0;-*_j3 *>0^0 o\£> u_>;AO |_kk_»^JO > X_i.» .']_»6:l1L 1v^CL» 3*^oXo .l£inmx£)) ^OOlX ^Q_«lJ2Q.J3 •.].iLO.>.4-3'l? 5 54^i)Z] 4r^5A^o .,_1d2 00OT3 lAkxX ^ooiXd vQj"| : r^o*l> diX_.3 12^1? ]Aa_io5o ^ » ,n )jqj l5A-»^o ]-^ro-> ^ooiX oirmo sdq LQ-»yXo wiOiajco.j-^1 I^ooAX 3,-i .IZajaii 2o~a._>3 rD |jqj ]3A_»Ao ooio • • • L-ioV Pr>! • ■.m\n4 » t\ i (\mnn\ cnX_»3 ^.ClCn-^afoas • • • 10 o_ioA_»]o .^Xlo "j aiku v>^X_»o . ^ooiZqj^d |oXk) 'Xo.bo .laaorcLLal ^oaiX ]ootj IjlX ^3 ^j^o3o] LXXXIY. 20 -1^1 IZojZfeo ^aX.»3o]3 )^3].o _oai ^XLclI otX *|A^jo3 1) MS. oiX-»3. 2) MS. JHJLj_Xa^). 3) MS. andXo. 4) Add ^0 ? 5) MS. Q^X^Z] , but the o is later. 6) MS. lArooiolD. 7) MS. l^mVn\ ^XAj3, but the upper point seems to be later. Read 9) MS. Uoj'Asj. Aji 1 8) 0 is more recent. 77 PRELIMINARIES OF PEACE SIGNED. UADOOIj *TLCl_»0 . 1r_»_Z^O j-^AZo .]o01 ]Z]^ w»cti^Sd5 !>orLo ^Ago \ rjj ^ooiA^yjn.k) . .OOlZojZ]] 1oAl'i ]]o 1Q-*l£>3 -A»1o . CJl5Zy ^AqJ3 ^ilo .*t»5ao .l ]JAZi 1qAl I>a.akA ’aimkiM ]]o :!adoc7ij q-i^VZ!? )\^ ro ^ -^^sd) 5 • • • \ • xOClZ2ls>0 :}: *£Dj4\m-fc.^o .]r^^o 'Alq o] .• .Id] ,_1d |^_£o>cl^ ^neii . w_»^SdZ] Uo jl_i.->A 0T.jlJ-Z>J3 -.]jl j-4r00_. ^Qino\ rn 2) <-_»3 ..aiZoA l-»-Loooi3? ^oa-il^aiD ^octlX jaiAA)? ]i„k* po ,ns o'|p ^of.o ]jcjlo rk4 _Ld *n-2ikA vaj] ^in»Q ).!_*._» r^n 10 A ^__l!oAjAdo jAZb ^oai^j'AZ^] ;-■£!-» 3 ooi .^qjZ r->3 ]AAd .l^f.0 [^oaiAiju^] 2^Q-»-D loaiJ Ufa ...jqaj ^o>riD -4AA) ^Q_i_IdZAJ5 ^l£) .t«._iO(Tl3 -jAcn Aj rD fa_SCOOl33 A^a_J3 ^3 ,_!d . rk) |o 3h->}i^L>o .] AZjId ^__»otAio oA 5 A ]aj»30 41yn-i] ^cna_» ^_»_Ajo ]Zcm^r Vvn\ 15 oi5oA^3 1A-«Ad-»Z 4.A]Ldo .^U ot.1d_»3 r_*..o . 30 o\ .]^oi33 ,oaiA oocn faoij'ol 5o*ZA) r_»3 fa}23 LXXXII. Ijj^amrD cnrD3 fa) ..A? w^lj] A_A \ rk)]J ")5acix . vocn^xoo ^ojcn fioA-iAo A Vo A vocn^a£o .ooai ^»An_»..o 20 ZZ1 rLo]3 7A^1 rA-K»a-» ^3 ]5 A_sAd LXXXIII. 1) O is more recent. 2) For i>o|ib. 3) MS. 4uU4uo. 4) MS. repeats ^__»3. 5) For o^ui. 6) O is more recent. 7) Assemani has l^anxn^A), both here and below (see Bibl. Orient ., t. i, p. 282), and does not mention that the name of the patriarch is written in the manuscript *QQ.L_»_Z»Q.£D . CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYLITE. 76 .oooi ^-ia-i^Akj 1-kJSy-grA .•__>Zu]3 ^Acn? lU-^ro |j^Ao]a) ]1) •.oocn ,-jL-A.mvo >^±d ^oiAAkj? ,_Sd ^oooa^? . jAg] ^3 ^Dj^m-L^o .*U.e^ ,-So oooi ^ooi^A-il ^A.*? |ZjL_»rlo^> ^-^Ad . ^-»-X 2-roLL |] ^.jAaij 5 5j-»] u_L.A_ur5a^j» <__»rAo otA ;Abl . voj] ^_*riiiAo ^_»riA .-y\ }}^ ^ ^OOlA crA Al . lD .OoAaO Aj*| .._iA *._»AO_» . ^mZ'Xo] A] .5^ • V • • • .jj] 5,aAd3 ^.aA_»y ^ooiA A^Alo waj] jJj ..^ZoA A.,]? iLi^» 10 *|001 A-iAj *CQA03 ](T.a-jgj ^lo i^SD .^OOlAs OlA n t .In "jocn ctlqaas joA^Ad .}a£D;AA ^ooiAqa , » ^■{yro'l A»_goi 5 A .duo ^ZAj y Ao,Ao * 4 51ASgqAd ]_»odi ^ooiq-^do .}la*>A3 A_A_® ^_i_A_L.A^ ^->A1q.^ IjibZAZ vqj] ^oqjo *. joo._i.jgj ^ooiAaa Aq.qo .yi-^oooi ^-kko^-iD l5,_^Ak) ,__»3 p .A^o vOtlIoa ]ooi Zl»*|3 ,_.iA_»yo ,oauAo a~> > rn m ^Ad *|ooi AUo :]3cn ^A ]ooi o^AaLo y> .ra: f\m . aA -Ao] .66l;.AC03 0013 01a >^ro .ujlAqa Zul? U^.jo3 oiZo"U^.ro :j.A£d Ijoi o_iAd ^3] ]j] UZ) y ctulAo QAaajAkA U-»~k> A_i*|o \ojAo 6Aa,Z 20 «TQj_£iAD AlO .Ak>3 ]rOl ,_Ao ^__,3 r^.^S£>) .*A jj] .]ooi y»3QjO .>k£Q_L.^lAD3 ^ClA 11-i-^QD IZAdA jAO LXXXI. 1) MS. 2) For p>ZZ- 3) MS. ^CL2imJ>. 4) MS. lAAoaAo, but the points seem to be a later addition. 5) MS. 01^A£03. 6) For Aj] Vi,Z. 75 THE PERSIANS SEEK FOR PEACE. oocn r__»rQ.l‘> 5 Aid ,_Sdo .<__»A*>J ^ ^ooiX d-ioX!]) lIL^m . jib]] jcflX i2)"| 0001 k . .; eiL ,]5qj ZoCTl jm.10 llj-Z-^Z ^ooiXso ]A^io top »j2)*| ..^jlX^-XLdo ^-_»5 oocn r-> ,oma ^ooij-SDj-O AXo? ]_».k}oaij5 p AjuZO oadjl) JD-r^j)o CLT0-»0 1 O^OO 5 <__»_XZZ ..Aj| ^.k>XiLo *|Zdro^ ^arXzoX? ^5 oai ]j5Zq_» AXx ^otujZj -l?cnzD ^2] yLo-m~>tn .*|ZadXlD ^-jOI-iZj AzD ^OQTJLvr}^ ;Ao-^o ^0C1 :]5Z]J |^.k)ocn) aiX _ * X o >. ^ Vn "i "| ]._kj ,jo _ _ 1 } 5Q.jO LXXX. X-^Ado .^ooiaJo]] 1Z]j5 [1^^] ,oaiX£dQoX ^o]X5 ^mlS\ A-i.Xo 10 .j-Lju.* Xa [XXSn]j> ZoX j-^ro^rol] 5.X l>ai 5r_» .r_^2iX\ ^*1 u— cnkn loan A-»] p ^.Ao ^p?5 odi ]^.£lXo .jAd] "joai JaZ,-* ^oaiXaoX • Ir-i-iocrLo ^ai5o1 ^Ao ]oai Xcl») oai X^rariXo IZop^l^ ]ocn A^kJ5 .• saDO? *m-»-2ikxiZX5 *rooZ airX-®-X 15 . |jL,i.r^Z p IlnncooX-^zD ]oai ai5rJ» .#,_AdZ AjAdo oiZqX ^icnrbo .A_»_Ld ii-i-05 odi *|ZqAd ^Ao j-dX ]oai ]J> ]a-»Xj? . ^coo^iuj-^d ^qj] 2X.ca»o .oiIoa A.k>j> raXJ]o ^cior£iA 1-^5 -IrX^ ^cq^oo rk>]? )j_.X ^Ad j-^cd .^ai5oy vQj] 5,-io r->-^ looi i-Ao] .^oj] AjXojj "joai ]a^o .AAaXZ]o ;_i_^20 ^__»5ai£D l?oi Xao .0001 ^^5 lA^Xoi AaXA-»] _^5 . Ad]? ]5q_» ciOioA^l |i.« nnAAo |X Xj2D5'q_2> vooi_*-2iX.k> cnX ^Aj? ..aiX «jpi.«.ZAAdo oi-iAd ]ocn Ixi 1) O is more recent. 2) The O is a subsequent addition. CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYLITE. 74 .2]_»-\4jacD oaooaAD^ 1 ^cna_»_£Q._L_£L-n Za\ 31Zq-£u^» cjLo^r-iZ’|o .Aj]_».j^d I^lZLo ^_.ctl_iuJ_lo loan jAd] .oiZclX ^n\£Do :|joi ^3 Vlov^ :]i ocnlp ^03 ]L p6> ooi ^ .oaooko ]ooi ]Lo5 IotZL ooi? 5 ,o .*|Adu;.jo lAjLirLo Za\ ]Z^-l_21j» . »ja.p3 '■» • • • UnoiCL* IdIoId 5r_® ]ocn w»oioZu] ,_1dZ L^a ^)] . >.c i ^3 P oai "jZo'iou A_»_.o 4 ch J i Nfcjoip; AS2. ^k5 lr>j ^Q,a.» •■] .. ^^i'n ooai ^ojoi UlDOCTij'j jj,'— 'r-0 LXXIX. 10^-0 ^vZo |j.£o^5 |o3po ]co oooi ,__»ZouJ . rk)] *|3oiJ ;.pOO . yOOT.i y>r.Q <-k) l-i-rp'r^) Q._i_X^O .^u..C);.uuAoO 1Z|koO oooi ^ > .a-ioAlo? :*U_dd^3 |_»v^ rk:Z .AXo> 6o-«l^o .^ooijk-lik eooioZLZ|o .6|j.Ldooi33 ,qtiAl i-»V^ — 0 .]-*A°0oi3 ^ooi3Aro j.roko .ZZoo? 15 1.1-i-i.no "IjOclo o_>] oooi ,__»ccri3 .6Q^^j ^ ^\^oo ]Z]I.-^rD "i-o'd-D j-oolo .oj.ro IZoZo^ oiZood? USjo "UlJO .^iZOO <--k.jLa lymoZ3Z ^ .<_u6l..03 ]j.D3 .jjyrOjio ^ooiZoZo vCoo^m_^._i_lD ooi .jCus j._»_.^].ldoi .q_o_» ^ 1*03 ^1Q-aAD3 1_lAD0O13 ,-k) ^JCL-l] ou.oZ-a.iD 3 OOI 20^000 . uuOIQjoZAuu ^i^jdZj 001 ..^kZio ..->.! a 1,moZ3Z .lo|iD3 lAu.oi j-»u ]1^] oioo vOQoije-j P . otZa 03 IAjj-O L_.JQ_QO -.)j.lD0C7l> ^Ld ]jAli XJJ UjI w»}Jp ] 301^4^00 1) MS. ^aiam_»-^J3. 2) MS. P»A.&ja£D. 3) MS. ]Zao)^-». 4) MS. cnlol. 5) The word ]_*.k>0O1>3 has been cancelled in the MS., but I have preferred to retain it. 6) O is more recent. 73 HORRORS OF THE FAMINE AT AMID. 0"l_\ »ooi . cnX_»__>a.xD u-iOcn » ^-ho ? 1 [I*"-) cd 4 o] o] }o.\.n n . otX ,JZ_£jbo *|A_ )j-.21;A£lA ]Zao . Aa^ZIo :]-»a^5 )j^»5 w^jx^Z] roo ^__kOTj_lD ]Z|.l^_mrD jjA^l ..<_SdZ *|ooi A..]? oai 1 501 ^yVCXlJ ]] ^oZ? .#k_ia_2» l>Q-»^ZlZ"|o ) A Aiiuo ] *> i V "j A-lAd l^mrD ,_ZLZ1o . A-4-tA.^ «..>octi ])Oio UriH U^o l » So ]mm.oo ^ot-iZa^ 1 2 *)jclcd ^ctid^o IZoZZZ^Za .^sjo *|Z^3 ^.Sdo s]2)d-® ,_Ao *— iCCTi ^XciZ^o iOyiaZ^ ]J] .^octla "joai ]] ^o,Ad }-lA£>octT5> 10 A_k>J ]aZAd> Ijj-oa^) <-Ad? . 4ourA£D ^octrA ]ccn ^crLiZAo 6TrK>ZZn-> ]Zj-> Anr)> ^Lo ^A-»o 4Z]-»~^£d 5lZo..eL.i^-^ ]oai t-*A.a_k)5o U^llo? .7vOaiA_,v-»An^ ^jib>]AD> ]Zao^ *_>ocn ^Xoao w^ccn '(Aj.ZjIo <__>? ^ctlXd .]_»CLClZ^rO jjQ_C0?0 .V»aViol Zu];_>A_» . ^octiZa ^r®-^00 4LdoAZ1j 15 OTJj-DO^ ^AO }Ll* l?C7LO *2)] : *)Z?rrD ]AjL_»,A0 •r^£D .iZOjlO <--i.2lZL ^-»AZiZo 1}i£>A_0 .]l);2>0C71 s2>Q._iZaO> ta-AmD*) ]LdoA-ZjO .-1502 8 01^02-0 IjujJOO as]? ^OjAD ^Ao 45Z] wu.ino — A^ \}L±J* "jrcn.2) «2)oZ v2lA£0 LXXVIII. 20 1) The space illegible in the MS. cannot contain more than two words, and Guidi thinks that he can discern the traces of 2) MS. ]jq.£D <_-»cti2,LbO. 3) MS. ].QQ.,a. 4) MS. ou . . rA23, a letter being erased. 5) MS. *|Zo2)^-kJD. 6) MS. . 7) MS. vOGnA->^jaulQ^. 8) MS. aiAano. J. s. 10 CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYLITE. 72 ^OOOOlO qX*j3 .1.L21D OOOl v0C7LiA-»"i m^CD tnp o .iLi-LDoar^ lZa_»rlaii oijokZLaJ lirA^ (.|j.£D)aa ^j-^jJanO} ^QJ*j Oj^O ..^loZ OOOl Zul> IvOO^pOlZ^rA ^Qj] ,_j3 l_g_lZ, lynglX) ^2)]o 1x2100) 1 CLZl£D 1x3010 5 .^jOto oocn '^lo .. Z^cq-kj ,oo ]]] : ]Ax_® ]>oi.o ^ooixlo rjj locn .IZ^-i-co ]]? 2>Oj!d o] ]}Sqjjo <_j3 lfmro .lloaj.ro lyxro oixsojj Usd 0 10 uju^qd5 ^^ioo . ^oaiZi ]oai AjZx olZo ^o -.lA^aoSo? ^-->»~k*1 0001 ^j-X-aAo U ^OOlZy^iO ^SO -.1-1.100013 ,_Lo 0001 Kt) ^ooaZ^ »noo]o \]5a_» ^x li'o^l ISqjZ ^ooxX ,rox U1 ^idiZo oxX oooi ,_j_XjjJ£ ^ooiZu.oo3 ^xo .l_.rj]? IZajjjl lAx>305 Iroyx %2)] ^o.rD*j .<_j2$3*1o <-j-2>1o lyxoo> 1x0 Qjj 15 *0^510 .15,10 _J1j] oJZloo IAjJLl Aj.ro -Ij] laooo l-«-*.2i3 .ooai ^-jZ^o] ^.joiro looi Ixj? SOySoo ."jjarox* ^_»airo ^rao :rloZ3 IJij uj6oi ,0x003 lorlo IjZXxZ LXXVII. w^_j] AjZx lalooj .jAro rlo> ^j-Z^»U 21o1ojOiZ1o U ot\ v \jL1qj» Uj .-IZdro^ ^rxZo ^j-^j^sijj? ,_jZo_»] ,_So 20 yXroSo Hj^co lnjjOj.^3 loou ^1 .iXAool? ,-j.XjI ^-jOtZio ^.jOiAij.0 IijI j^oo IZlZ^io ^u_oai ^jloZI .<2a2x ,-Xo ol l-aXo;_o .IAojjSo? slo)djftA AjItojl^Io «.j5oi ^ngiio Jo JZAjI J . ^jcai ^_jj.iZaAo-) kloZ>o 1) O is more recent. 2) For |j*| ^Vi .m/T_n. 3) MS. ]i3n . \. 71 SIEGE OF AMID BY THE GREEKS. .]_L.£0,r^}5 1^1 Aju-kjZ> 1^-k-A -..*5 hA .]-*-ID5CL£) Aj-JO? • • \ * • s^oL . jjAoocnyZ rr^xA_»]o .ctiZju_k> o~l±do ooi *cqdo5 ,£d)j__^o .jAd|ci5 )^.rD3'a^ !>qa }_»Aoooij 1ao^o*| ..iqAdZ l^oa^ Ui*j po ^oouAd 1-^3]? _Ao 0r_»0 - ^ iZ^Q C7IJ t j._© 3 |^=®0 OTJ *._lG1qZ_— >jj 2.5 5 \ • • • • ^5 }u> p .AjlAdo * 4 »oio|jv-kLoo r°1 \ jAd] ^a ^dAZ? "Ijcti ^_k> cnX loai ]j^.^a£03 ..^oj^m-^Ao Za\ CTLOn^ . l-L.£D';i2) Aj_Cl\ A-kkJO ClZ_i_kj • • • .*Ujcd^? *-i-jAo3]j 5^ao ^ lrJL^-ZD3] ^}o -Ad] • • • • QSX»0 . riP^j..g]lZv l;m v> }j.IDy2) ^_l00 jj-jAoj*) ,_Ao 10 .j-oolo OVp 1ZVZ-^£D j_»3Q_QO .,__^.£iZZ\ ^jAZIZ }_»_ZZ£o j-Q-J HLd \ j^03 1; ■>■. \np IjO 7© U^> r^l ZclZ .oZ]_J3 ojasoi ,ao • • v • • • \ *| Aj__»jiO ,__»;jnZ po .^_»_aZZ\ ^-pCOAO U-ZZ? oooi ^{JAAIo ]A-i-n .a.^.o .]j]1qaa) |-»Aooai3> cq.aA_» ,_->3qai3 ^AoZ ]ooi A_»*| 3 rjj }\^> po .auA 15 a_.a,Z» ^qjoio .^ookiAd cfurAj? iO£Uo m_\ , >.» .>vqj] . ^OlZu 0001 r-i-£)53o CLALcZZZ’i |_k.£D3Q.£)0 <_-iAOjA. vi-»1 <001-fi_j2U Gar^^o |j]iQD "UAcoctd olnn ., pcnlo\ ,_Ao ^i_k»3] po U.^j» ^*-»] 0001 r_.6oi .^CO-LIAO v^\i)Z] y » « i]n .^qj] l-»] A-k-^Z? :}j_jAd3] ^3 *qJa_®qAo cs] <_->.iilZ\ 20 . jj-LoocnyZ rAAiA_»]Q otZij_k> ctlZao ooi 2>qZa»1 .x^xZZo ^3 Ij^yro .1v£qaZA-»o (jlaiAoZ Aaj» LXXYI. 1-QJCAa.roo ]e)3cl^o- .. ch^joAoi ^Aq o^A_»l Ad^oj 1) O is more recent. 2) MS. a>^Z3. 3) MS. ]3L.. 4) MS. w_»01Q^>Aoo. 5) MS. Q.Zs,0. G) O is more recent. CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYLITE. 70 |]? qol*JjZ] U— .-i-oj'o LXXIII. ^oiX&noj ]ooi ]]? .,ooikii Ka^-rni'>' ^oorX >03*1 l^roSao ^ootTao Aqx? |.o;.03 *._»cn^ .}_i_looaT^ ]Zaoi ]_»ooi ^■a-Iq^aLO ^QJOl \]o3llD 30-03 ooi .^OOlZ^ 1AOa_Q 5 ]L {a&) "jjai ^Aoo . vcot_»__»q_oijo^d ^jl.^j.oo c"| ^ooi^-ou o] . * A julo 3 AXi^ |lo^33 .^ooilox vOjj^j /SoiZioZZ U-»~»o3 2oiZo]j--^-CD .-"UlDoaij ^_lo ,_j_kk1oZAd ]ooi oai }j_.»..&±^odq-0 <__»3 oo^^o LXXIY. . ^OOlZaX ^_1o >0;JL v ^OOlZcLO^ Zu^A^] ]]} }\_>^ p ]_i_£D'rX) AOX 10 U-£0VO3 }xAd <_lD3 IjAd) <_l0 IAaZj-1 1 ^iZjiZo 001 Aoln_»l _A.A ]?5 \ v£0xAjo5*| *|A1oq-»o .oi\ Aai *ooi_»Z*| • • Lq\ w lSo po .oilai? ]L^? Aqx A-Aj "A Ao) wuOiQ-.A_»]o ^010^30 .-*UAoooij3 j-A-A oia-^j vi3Q._» ]i » - jOO .w_»ai5o]] ^oio5 ri ^loZ ^Ldo .15a.® 1;joAAd> 15 vOlcqj3 \ulo ,oo .oi5Ar^ 5^ .. oiAAlo Al ]oZxo \ila_® • * • • • 1r_i] . >mo \ v 1q_i_toj3 .]^.amx£)| ^lo ,-kA piss .oiZa\ y ^aialo^oo lAx_»A * 4U-nj_o> *oAj ^i]jo .]Zojl,^^_03 • • • • .^o^oAj }j;AaixA Uo]o .]i-k>Aj A A. \ AW m « ^3 A^Ao _j) 3QjO LXXY. • • • N 20 , n<^ ■.]7o »,». mvn tAd3 )j53Q_A w_i_mio .aA_»3 ^ > mV? A Il’o-Ao ^ooAoo ocAA ^.AAZj? ..oi5Z]J Zukk J3 oIj-kkIo ]ooi 1) ForAo]i>. 2) MS. QlZo u-^-CO. 3) Read ]oAoZZ 1 4) This seems to be the reading of the MS., and not JIclLO. Assemani too says “Xicaeae consistere jussus est” (Bibl. Orient ., t. i., p. 279, col. 2). 69 SIEGE OF AMID BY THE GREEKS. .*|5a^ Zo\ aiX 1^5 ro ^.Xoio .lyku«>o *Uki^ ^_iOT_»T-»j rD SD ,_k»0 .2w_»CnO_»ZuJ ^aD) ^jo5 L±£o .. wjOTCLxnm^) "jcci ]ro^o ,*|5a.» ^Lo ]lnZ>^ A_kkJ ]ooi A^l U .‘jA^aakZl ^ooiX )oauj ^cnaxnmio }juSD0015> ]-Kk2Z£) <_SD ^_»5 .jlCL^Zl "(AJUjAD 0-^10 li-CO.^ 5 cti^ido 3ctl£1j.£d ^lp9 .]_»AjA^ otIooio-^jo w-i(noA_»"|5 ^ASdo .*-i010_kA.&nj3 ]_i_£D;^) ^0150 m Vnmn ^YQ.€> _Ld ...xSfijL.jp> _.iAai or_» :'|5a.® ZaL oul locn 'LiSo* ^ V • V r . 1 1 ]_»-£D5a£)0 .oai l.>,\ w^oioA^o "jAo5 )r>^> }& jo ]5a_» \1$CL»5 01h*-Z^£i\ _j*-A10 rPO .llojlrD OlAsoA JOCQJ3 ^lJo 10 . ... v-iOioADj-O oocn r-»Ail ro :"UAdooi5> |jyrofLo <_Lo f^» w^oiju-^Loo ^oaiZj_i_iD ^_Lo \}ro£o <. x \ V.a_» ,__o'Z ^_k> ]A^jdo .oai Ul-A^Zal vjOTjy-^O OOl \ .aio; oV)i qSojpo q_l_>iZZ] ]?oi -Zooi ^ooi_»)Z cooi 5 ^ rjj ]Za_»tlnZi \4 "U-Locaiio *|ZqZL»-*j ^ootZ^do 15 v- ^_»yn^ .»Z ]5a^ |_»-roy^) ^Ido .6o_»_k>AdZ1 v 112» vOiraA. .7|_kJlk^D oooi UZZajq .A_»-k)5 a-^Z] 50^>Za:o • • * • * • • ,ooi_»A->*| ]5a^3 ]1do^3 ]Ao:d i^ooiku cup ^nlhlp ^i^'jooi oi\o ^ootX cusp "(501.1 ]AiS ^}) .oooi 20 |1 ^ZaoiIao ^.juiOjnLoo oooi ^^So^fp ^ooia-^roo .0001 ^VkjASD 1) MS. 2) MS. ^oioA_»_J. 3) MS. m_>_.^ * cn . 4) MS. Uk30l3 3. 5) MS. originally j ljut corrected. 6) MS. Oj-k^dZ]?. 7) MS. l..Wn CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYLITE. 68 ton? ,-Ao Axo cjiZoj-kj ,-Ado -lA-iflD] ]r-Kj 1ZAj| q_£oi5o ‘chqaIdjo .‘|AA->rkZl j-iAoccnj' m^Q_>) |_*Za^ «nZ^£o ai5Aroo .^oiq-a-^o jdZ^£03 jjADf.Q U_co;^) ^.Ao ] AZi A\o . ]ocn ^ ^lo >rZL 5 .cn5A^ 2kCl\£d ]] UAoocnS ,-So )j ^Qjcn r20 .Ua>^» <°°T^ 0001 2 ^51? ’UAdooi?? oi^A-taA? wj-^ZIo .oi5AdclcZa y^aio ^>o3 *rArm po .Vj-TD-^) ctlo ^a^jT-oi C7L»A.^J ctlLqa \^£U3 ocn |j_cd^ 3«-_»oio1-k>Ad oiLoclsi^ Aj^Jo ]ZA-jJa oi2a 5|^ 10 ]Ar^5 ^Sd jllo ^qAdAIi ^?Zo . ^01021X^0 ot\ k£>] 6l-ft. ZoL ^Ao U^j'l ,-AdZ 5 *arLi^.o ..4oiZ^ Zoai |ci_i;_C3 *o_2uo 7aiD^ ^ooio^o .iQmkiX ooai ^->.ro->.j\103 IjAdooijj - >rno,._^cnn ]Ai .,.Vn }^)n .^W ,*||_i-^oo ]5Ad a_*_o otjAd ^jAo ^ V 0001 lSlA-.^’l ]Aoo5 ,_Sd jkAjj .. ^oioj'j-K* voot\o A^I^oii ro ]5a_» ctlAo '>q.±± Q-i^Za ,_Ad ]ib..e) ,_.3 \^Ai (1X^» ”UAdooi) ^->^1? ocn y»->) .jZAo ^_Zj"| oZAdo 5,_Z» u_»cri ^2lA_» ,.20 .vif-»Ajo oia-^X )ZAd ,aoofj • UZLkj ,-Ao ^Aocn] -.oiZqZa A-kkJ? V)\,ii»^ ^Ao jjcn 20 )_»Ado>3 ]L^ cnXo p ^__»AdcL ,-Ad LXXIT. *|ooi ]a5 y-K* ]-JaZ, .Ijlooi ]oai |^5q_^ .^oiddo 1) MS. wjCJIQXLq^O. 2) MS. aQ.lA.C0 and but O is more recent in both. 3) MS. *._»01Q_k»Ad. 4) The MS. seems to have OT-Z>. 5) O is more recent. 6) Read ] « 1 7) O is more recent. 67 SIEGE OF AMID BY THE GREEKS. *|Ax_»_xA ClA .|AAy^1? *-*01 Ur-^l? ,_-»Aoi .']rJL_»_X>5]] ^OOlAu^OO Zj-AZ]? ,--A_»"j <710.^01^ O -r* 0A-kkJ0 1|j_ 1 0 .a. 1 dZ*] ^__»3 ].-uLD001) LXIX. l^mx o5pA.»*| <_.»> pcxo ^So 4Ax_»rlo |aj_x»«._,5 ZoA va^-u_3lAj5 ^x^jjd 2qAxo ^x ^oZ]j? ,_-*_xiZL 5 M Lqj» po .?.-^.-i_-»p 15q_£xd jx5Zp ^oai^xx} ob^o .^XoZ ^ax ..xan-Axop *mxo> 5 A ooai s-.-jl.-LS? Aslj 3a\i]o TJ.jr'£3 r— uXiZL ]Aji IZlTDO |xXO j-a-X3 ^k)Z ^Lo ;.X)pO . ^Qj) «XD^O ]-A-X;Z^ ^OoA .]i » s..«. A )-Jx>oai$p U_u jj ZcA ^0010 ."(ZA^cd 10 ZcA IAi >,vn ,Xd] A or* ^i]o .,4A^>|a-jl.ax .ocjlXx ^cx» • • • • \ • ,%i CL->i^£S ‘jZ'jo .]x^oai "U-xA^j «jSQ_Ao ]octi ^*| LXX. • • f\\nnn .or-^XJ* V-cnjo(J JJ *X)C7L_>0 ^_»CJl5o|o xL \ x • • • • IjlmioZ ]Zo,Ad ]joi |xoixd ax)]o .\oaiAix2ixx3 15 Ajp •. V>3, 1 moV|] ^1] va_uXi'j ^.->-«.^o k>o .ta*A 5,Ajo ^.Adq_o ,rjS3 *joai ;_£L-K>p OOl ]A-K»XD T° ^O- LXXI. .15qj vocjiX) X_»Xd5'|o ImZxxx ooxXqid .,Xo"j? "j5cL» Aju-kjZ v^q1q ]La^o .Axijo ]5(x»5 ]Aa^ w^aida) «->.,^3Z'jo 20 .lAx^jlo a-^Zx ^>qxjo 5oxl*^j ]IZ^x cn^p ^x5Z]o ..~»ccn .qjI 2v»a -.xnnkA Aoocrb a_>;_»o I^kA oiAxx) ' — • • • • * 1) O is more recent. Read n « 1 n ] 2) O is more recent. 3) o is more recent. 4) MS. Aj|-*-1X. 5) MS. <0(TlAlX£LLXn 6) MS. ^£>>}o. CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYLITE. 66 UZ A .>,201 Mki* LXYIII. )0 -."IoijlAoZ jju^ooi jjjAacD .]j^Docn> X >m » .noVn ^-jlI >.,\Q .^jbZj ^aiA iO->\ J>OjAd5 ]Ia2 ]J> yZoAmoo otZi^o ^oqj ^aioA-ilj :]A^o^l ^dojuT: 5p|r^ yra\A.»Ao .]i£L^oi5 ’)5ao^> lA-»}-o ~jA.i->-.o *)Zio ZA-. 10 ^_»cn_.Zu’|o .^j-oAIdo }L^io-> ]A AiAo 6cn^ <^_»Aco .^cjiAjl-^oo ^Soj'o 1Aa.*_05 cfA-.? ]Sqjo^^_»,| .]Ad5cl^5 I35A2) Vr-0 v> nAZ? vi.\cn *)AAiAs ZoSOyia . Ijldcti <_-»? ^_iOi_»A_»1 . . t-^Lo.cn\ ,__»crA_>;> ]ZqAoj )-ffi-.^5ASoo 8otA ]^Sd IZ]) ]ioA otjlAdo .]A^03 am-^} ]nA^ I>q_l..®5 15 Ui^9my ^oZo .9A-uSdqoi5 ^q_»Ado .IA^cA 5yA ro .^Zl «I2uAd CtA )_£AO IZl? ]iOA CTUiDO ] n .iA<^ ^_SO ^\A y-Kj ]cnlQ_»0 y-K> ,_1d AlA ^ }n_»A^ ]Z5qAD?Z lW-3? l_»50Tl_» 0*) \±^J^XL->-rD AjAo ....a-d-iAo ^ A10A05 ^5 lArA’ArA .lA^an^Z ^Ao aiSoa£) ]la_Jo :])ai 20 ^L-L-jo^lnio ]J |iDyj> : ]_Lro^lo q_^o IcnZLj ctlj_j Aq_» . . ]_^Aaa y 5 cnA ;_»Z ^j»5 'A.^cn ^So ^ w_*__^_£D) 1) For jib. 2) ReadlZ^O? 3) MS. oiZao]. 4) Add ^yZUo? 5) The last letter of this word seems to be uncertain. 6) MS. CLO. 7) MS. ,__»C7lZAjL^_r20. 8) MS. cruAoo and crA. 9) Read |-»ADOCn? *)AAj^A? 65 SIEGE OF AMID BY THE GREEKS. . <001 jAa. A-.*)? Ad Anj»o . ^qj] ]Zq-aAo l5amo 1j-j1 .on ..i V) ^aniAj? ^ ^oioAd 5 A 3Qjd vxf-» po ]ZZx>o3 Ai\k) VlAdoctd : CL»AiAkA ]?rA ZcA j^-rn roo • • • oaio .*ooi-U ) «-»oiqdAAo ♦. ]Aj.LDr^D .ooiAoa^j? oooi |J p ^otjdoi Samoa ."(jotA 'iloA-*] 5 ]oAcd5 A^k>o .AAo ^-cAlo? r^> ]5oixo 'aa^o a A] . *_»0T._i.J0j.£HA.J5 o^D-®] y \01O ]oai A^l ]o5 yZk)0 .]ooi • • 2«hll_»oZ] "jSa-LJo ; o v^n\ ooiSAm]? .ooulLo |j_.] Ad ]}} • • ^ — rD 4-uk)OOT;A .Qj] OdA iQ-ij.^5 ll-Kj ,00 .OT.jL.maOD 1>QA. • • ^ • • • .#vZ.Q-kAoo <_looia-£ Zairoi y *.yjLAoooi3 lyra^ o] -jAb] 10 l^loAj j£lD . ^001-JAL )jj0Aj yi r-i.nZfZlO ,-lD lOO;-LJO ZiinlnA ou.ns .^jAi . k> yiA ^*1 ro]!£A yo *.]Zo^Ajo3 |dA ]ln ja.ro ]r^^3 lloaDiQ ..OIdAqA l_»AOOOl3 kCO-»-^l-£Z’| <-_»r-i01 .]Zi03 jj-OaO-KKO ao^o "jAko^o Vxmjiao Ad ^ooio .*|5ou3 ]qaj] A^° 15 • * • * Ad o^o ^.ooi ^-j-dSAoo .yL^K.0 Oj-kj] ^cot-uAjh. >yAo . ^Qj] •.lZuJ-^1 IAjA^O ,JO ]-lD00*) OlZoA wjsDLD OIjJ-4^ ipO •r*>l (IAjj ^OjDlDJO U.5]rD ^O^ODkkJ? ^OOlA fjQ^0 yzi-^co 30-00 .A.OJO ]o5Aj3 .ISO-a A-»^jZ I |_lAD00133 ]d^_® 0001 ^-..i-a.AoAlD rD 33] oj^^D LXYII. 20 Aoot_.Z] ]oiZZx ,-Sq ^ork> }L) 3 000 ^4ccl^d !>qd Aj^DdA ADr_iZ1 ^__»3 }oAdo .*|Zaoi Ad ^qAdZAjo ^ooidAAj} ^ooiA A] _iZ\-»3 ^.Ld3 jjdAodZ v-»? y? .^0^13 )lp w-JLo ,_Lo ^A 1) MS. a_^Do. 2) MS. an±^Z1. 3) MS. 9V J. s. CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYLITE. 64 wjOtciZa iQ£Jo . ^otlLqa .ro^ni? ^ [aaIjAo - • otZa orXoanX 5r£D •.’|Za.»A£lA >clo ALlb tpo .}Z..*>A) ot-oqAqa jo5 voot\aZ *rA2ijo OLiOM) ^oi^pa oiIjjj .aiZ ^cti-»_jci\Aj ]L ocn ^ .-]-»-AAft.^o .Gl^oruo .U^V^? U-»-^? IZoU^CD ^Ao ^qaAqZ maZo rA .m.* jZZaq <__»? *coc;-^m-i__^o LXY. ^ Alb 50 *. ^jCJIOiD.-O -AO 5CLO ’oi\q^*|5 *j]joO :Z^ |5cnj • \ • l^o ..OT5ZaO ^ffAoZ ^.Aja-lo |]o :]oAO05 CTTJrA ^2oZ OlZ • • • 10 u 5 t-iOi ^l^Io vqj| 2]r-»o \|-k.Loocnji5 |llbjo voj] A ^-.oia ^oAmi? IZjJjId ^ootZ ^ZZo ."IjZkJa qaLoZ.^] 4^^o? }Loca ]ocn Ij^OS) "jZ} ,QAOA V*AcLkjO >ym LXYI. • • • N \ .1Zo5cttj Za_A) 3ot.XaZ |_l.\^jaoo %n. roA_»Z5 |a\1d Id 15 jl-i-Kj orZ ,ArZ|? o]_»o rA :rlolro ]ocn A_45 _,5 |_iA05QA) • • • • V • fiol RjiZ ooAA) ..^OOtZoZ ^_lD j-ADOOIji? |aj"Jo ly_^AZ 00ai ^r-4--1-0^0 aZ 4^ao ooot .oi.ro ]ocn o^aAjAd> Ao,!aZao IAaojo] wjuj]lbo . jjU— o IpOT ^ln_* jA <--*5 .^Aa] A)] OTA 000T ^-lAOjuTOO 20 • rl£>1 'Za ]Zlo •• looi ")Amlb ^AdZj ]a_l.^!a1o ^So 'Zao_» :}^®.1do *|5Claa ,_1dAZ ooot ^ZlkAcj jAj | 5 *j;^Z vojtZaZo .^qj] 'Z&.O ,_1dZ ^AO ]Zo£^ OOOT ^Arbl? A^oZ ^Z_»]]o ^AdAZ ^oAjJj 5CLQ ^Ao 05 5A-»]5 }j_£D>0£lZ s^)} ,__»5 o^kA^I 1) Read 'Zq.»")5 1 or OlZ *Zq-»]5 ? 2) Readj.sSo'? 3) MS'; OiZaZ. 4) Read ^.-*.Zao ? 63 RETREAT OF KAWAD. .•^LnZ> ^-1-KKO.a-Lo ]AjLirki^ P? opoj ^Loo .^\nLn\ a_»_Lo5l -.ojjikZ^ vocnZ'vA_^ P»Zx£yA ]-*-jP Po IZy^) ^.mXn^a .]i-»)Qio Aj_djo ^+^£0 1 Aj.id *|5qj wjJlo oocn 3 din am* . Ad^^j? IZjAroo .2^A-»]5 • lAjL-irLO 5 }\->^> p Ij-L-urD?] LXIII. > n . iOTlX ]oQ-Q> • * ^ • * * *_»cn5opD ]ooi A_»*|5 Piu_»j»Q~o voai\oZ^ :|Lco_.? cn5A^\ vqj] 5Clo .^V-3-4? IpiAXZ lArocnak) ^oarZ^ ^tljO .1Z,.lZ^ bp ,_LdZ ,_Loo Z^q ]5ou ^ ..w»ai5o1 ,_Lo 10 ^,5 }jZL£ .ctiAjALd ^_»c7i^.jai,5Qj? poZio ZaX lr-^^1 n^.»Q O^^jIo OVOO pDfAlaZ. pOTJ Q;.n\ OTlUl ]oCH Aj]> • • • ^>ll Pi.£D^5 |_»v^ ^Ao ^__»5 5^ulZxo .q-kkji^I? ^ jjQo")o 6voLdq..qj> P .t6i5o_® loci M -»5Z> ^ LcZ\_»] IAjl^j-Ldo .>vaj] ]ro^o P? P] . ^ocnXriLoaX 15 •:• ^ootZl, jj.LDoaiS> <__»? ]dZAd .] ^dq.a,j(LLdujO IPdjAdZ Aj_» LXIV. oi\j? ’^cDOj-^m^Lo j.!lAnZu . w_>ocro ,__l .Xj] ^i\j p jjax .]?cn -jcn 5Qjo mLq.» po .]l_»_-^-£0 P_i^> I>ax bp l?Z}rD ^Aj ^i!j> yj] :Z^2) ]5au> oiLqx wj01q.jZZq_*Ad 20 • • * ■..mnn^iZo ^j_^P ^xdpD rDO .jj-LOj] L^soi I^oALdj oiXj? • • 1) Read Ljl.OZO'I 2) MS. Oj.jjAj»1^ wrongly. 3) MS. ^OTCLOLQ-®. 4) Read, with Martin, Oj^ljoP 5) See Assemani, Bibl. Orient., t. i, p. 284. He gives aZuJUO and Q.LdZ^»]. 6) MS. V OlODUV 7) MS. J^Oi^SCL^D. CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STY LITE. 62 a ^)o Z Ulo .oiAjj-j^k) oiAqo ocn Aa_*o • • • .^oZL ^oax£) .^oi5o1 ^-So ^»A_i .aiZA.^ ^ootAq ^Sd lAj.JrkA cfi5r^o -In.* n .0001 1-_-»--^-‘Zq> cTi^ij'Z .ooiAq rD .1Aj^oi.Q£» 5 ]L ^.Sd w,_»"j .aakiL ^ar^nj ]]? .2]-*.Loocny^ ]ooi rn£) r_»> Aj]> jju^jojD <_Lo A*Ao .aiA»? ou-So ]ZqA^ H^»ZZ ^Sd IjA^cnAo . I-iZLqjo otAdoqA 3o.Qnj 1Aj.jj.Sqjo ]oai .^2L3 raj 11^1 voou_Sdo .a.i_So5l aikiLj 4]-«..IqA ZoA clojjd? ]Soo .IAaj^ 5 6^kA *- j 01 QJ Q. _*_^A kjOdl 10 ^jOiA-m-Sp ^juQqSqAIq .. (1 r-^O? I QIj. --01 aSQj.ro . CTlj-lj'Z ..^otlajd*? ]on 9? chZclsuj.jj ^.^So . vJ-n^-Zo oooi 0001 1j|-^ J— -0001 <_-L. JO ASo ^ooiAaj^o 7}jA.q ^oAqlqqA1L»oAdo>o -.jj-Jcoi ccoi ^..l^i^aSq 8]joy^o :]j£o;'q£) .oooi ^j^SqASq U .#1otlj.Sq rjj Oj_qSqX :],A__£ oooi ,_j^5Z 15 j.Q5 :^q..«Aq_» 9an\co5 vqjoi V»A-*Z£a P] <_j? OOl : U Ol^AalQ^ : ^j-ljjLOO OOOI ^.j'U.^rD ^ooijlLo «^AP 1^Scl»o5 Iqjslq }j._»i <_!q ^jAZ^ rQ ^OOIjb-QjO ^QJOl J^} :jAL£o jjJOOlO }j-£03O£) ^£d] ]±QO! vOTLASo ,joA U^I :UZL5 0001 ^5 1^)|5 ,-Sd 0001 £L2 1) The MS. seems to have ^.jujjA^. 2) MS. jj_S0OTfA. 3) O is more recent. 4) Read ] » A V 1 5) MS. oAllcA . 6) Read ^ -mA • Con 7 7) In the MS. a superfluous is added here. 8) This is the reading of the MS., for which Noeldeke sug¬ gested poyJOO, from the Greek Kopvvai. I prefer, however, Mr Bensly’s conjecture, j^O^O . 9) 0 is more recent. 10) This word is on the margin of the MS. 01 SIEGE OF EDESSA BY THE PERSIANS. .5QjQ oi\ *>Ax»o .cri-Aa ^0.4^'Zaj V? .^ZoZia-u Viro.oa\ •Mi AAoi* jlo 1 * * ^_>5Ao ^oAj) ]]> Iv-lAdoi 00015 ooi jrooijo . %„AloZj ^oAo^A,? ^jAoi Iaj] .-A 5r_»o cA aooi.,o .’iAj._.Jlo <_lo w_A ]_f| ^kjjIoo .#Zl.5oZl»1? oooi> .aiJLlo aarAZ] , ] • illn .Ajilo >co1o.q1i "j,_Lj.ro5*i 5 • • • ^jL cA ^>Aj5 |1o.Lq cnlnx Ui-*-n]o ymxA5) \jao ^£l»o .^--kiod-» yma5Zj 1—015 ly^A jloaa.li 5 A Uj .5A5 jl _o 5 jo-LoiZ^eili 4-l.ooi^ ) -r* ^i^o • \ • • • U-J5 Olrn£D0 : 5|._iAo5oai Oll£L»5 OT.Z. j 5 _Lo ^j]] : CTl5ArD5 • • \ jaroiioA cnZali ..aA A_i.ro 5] .jroo'i? AA IjlZAZ 10 • «\ • 3^.C7I0H JJ po . ooi Ir^oi? jra.^Alp vaii-*-.Z>Aj5 .•’|A±jjl05 oiAtdoZ Via A_Z»Zj oA )Zj> 5iio5oaA u mj "A-^Za ^a>o5 . 1j_Lj.ro 5 j] aria jiojo 4acirAZjo ra *_»aio j!o : aiAAoro MJ0O15 A? ^So .jroai? <_L_.5jji.lD Vioi_©5 5 jlo Va^lco y&6 1 jxooi \oA Akij-ol? jlDaj j^Ao 15 .5jZAlo ^oZ <_lnx ao;.nlb Grio.i ..OjOiIp pJ!_»j .jrooi? ail AAZ] ,_ jp.cn .oiA.JLjj.lo ..Ajro loj.6 ^§Ao .Aj| jAlb A? _LjA j _®015 . )QO.Z OlZ oo>\jO -t jr-l -»- *^5*1 ' — • • • Vl^Io pj5 v]o ^bio "jAiHo Al? ]A1d ;-jl_^AuA 5 a . ]ZqZi^ Al»Vk»Z1 ^-iAo5 VlooAd .ooi ]A1d all 20 ■ A rJaaloAi jjrAlro A^rm lorlco .A.mro .rrAno\ .oilaa joai Au]? jlj-A. <—0o .iclo ^IdjAdZ] pjrjcn LXII. 1) MS. 5 Alo. 2) A word is evidently wanting here ; perhaps jjjAlO. 3) MS. u.j 0 !C].jj . 4) 0 is more recent. 5) M^S. jlDO. 6) MS. pj-JLlOjOllO. CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYLITE. 60 orXcA 3Q..0 .^_»j.Lo^ALd p ;.-^rol ZclX? ]^_»ALd .^c7i5o] ]Z.*to .Z^a ]5tij Lp to • • • \ wjjlD) O ISDICLQ w_i^JD5 ljTl£D Aj.^ 1,_LP OlA-i^-a-lO ^5 ZoOl ^m-L^jco ^Ld Aj.^ p :]a_i_Ldo3 5 llDA cri_»A^o .IaZjoLd Zl».aZa |Ld j_io .]A^^id ^jlAio ^\ao v_»oi5o]J CT?rj^ ]a_»_aLd ]]j U— ctlAd ]joi .<__»3^3 IZia-^-aA .]ALd-;^o "IjiaZ'AD ctlZ. w_»coi ,_Ld_uDD3 1Z;^Ld ^Ao j^co :]Soaa.r^ o o cn A^o . ^otiaLd ]Aa£i^ cti^d Zccn }jALd C7l\ ^aXLJ3 |j.£03Qj2> 2Q-kkA-»1 ]Jo ]AAJrLD3 OT^.Aj'Z ^OCTl^D 10 . 1ZZxk>3 .otljAa AXsu ]J1 . |^>~»_.«_Ld3 oiAdSoa: ^Ad . rjjrJ4 vCijzij ^__» j_»cn . ^ l..^ » mJ» llDj-LO IjJZ^ ^ooiaLdo ^4-° llZ-^ca^o voti1qa 3q.a>;..o1o IAa^Ad <.aeiLpo ..1-Zld w>o3 |JLj ]J| ^£ij |] 15 W U^o ._ ,__»Ja_»1 voZ.-ffl.J 3 "j 5o__» ^Ld *ca2u> ISoai 1-ZLj"} ^.juDcji ,qj1 203^ . . oocn )aZLqa> t__A._^_£Q oZl3 ^Z'l° -l?Q-» ZqZa ^LP ^Qj] kO^^}o .. lZA.>rLD ^Ld ^a oj._» 2a\ilo .lA^-nrp 1j~*-Ld ^.*1 ]]} chaLd oocn ^Dj^) ♦ lAjf-O ]^cLo 20 lrA_»_A)3l ^00 Z «PL2U \]LdO_i3 __>3 ai5ArA LXI. • • N *. j-a-CQ>Q-£)3 ]Z_iL.jsj ^.CODDaZ^ i>o|jb jJDO -1.ID3 R;I ,_so y0 .A-.? 3Zocti IJ 1Aj_,^oj .1xjJ31xc3 AjUj ]oi? ■ ;anL ctl\ » • • • • Lcldo . ota)^Zd3 ocn ^cn ,• V)3 IAa^jIo PI . ^coca^ouI 3 1) ^Ld is repeated in the MS. 2) O is more recent. 3) As- semani, Bibl. Orient ., t. i, p. 261, loci. 59 ATTACK ON HAIIKAN. SIEGE OF EDESSA. kax ao^nkalk Z oocn ^£j.n?o : oiAk ^llo «_»oi5olr3 _»cnao.Oi_» .^AoljA kDjko 1 .w^OjOcAk 5r_» ^ooiAko ]juju^\o . kak aojkolnZ. ^£Uo lAj-»rSo ,_!o Aj*U«cqo vd£ij v^..o ]ocn A-*]? ^-_»5 ]-L**ko ^oZko ,__»A-» yOyiAln V±Ppo jOTuZko 5 wj__^£do locn ^ioo .|j-Joai5 vocn_a.Jf2k w*cru_jaXAj v]5 .-*5oA_»1 |_».£Dja£55 ]o\ko ^\kk ]ocn Iojjd ,_ko ^.,5 ^qjcji .^oxiiak kk^oAo |] |_»_.*>.rD aiZk oi;kO»|]5 M-i] cnkok 5r^ ro .o&i "U-JoinAk ^cnaoTUO • IZao^ kak .)j_k5 lyo? ]jka«L.ka>oO 10 2a^i] ?5Aji1> ^qjoi V».rD5a£>j <__»? l_*._Zi LX. ^ ,__4oo ^.i-jOj-KKk) p .Z‘r£> licruZk ]^op j-kkoocrm |j;o>rko ,_ko j-js-» '--i 5 iCQj, Aka j^O_» 3. j Za*^j5 )o;kkc ,_la ]oai "jZ] ]jloi |jjio 4 •. cnj_o ooaL_*A.^o ]J ? ^tlo .-"jocTi ^»cnoA_>*i |^o ]]j IZarauoZkoo . }c-nZ 15 ;kkk po . lAj-Sx)f nra ^aAicI? ,_.iZk-»]] ]ocn .CTliOL ^S^olo -.E^’Q-2)? 1-)V— r^° <^0 |-w-!2 'J’l -lieu • • ]Z|j> ^aido] karoo aakik? j-ikoiiao .ooiAkrZko • * • • ^ y-seno .lAk_»llak 5ao 015^5 |oora _ko Mka»o .^croo]] }joi \jj-r i.o yen \ Ara» koa-i_ro .5Ao w^_*.j_ka*joo .l5cnj ^aa 20 • • v-»•» 2) C is more recent. 3) See Assemani, Bibl. Orient ., t. i, p. 285. He gives |_L.£0yO5 and 4) I have removed the word Vok from this place in the MS., and placed it after }]? in 1. 16. CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYLITE. O oo r-i^ oooi VoZdso IZa? r_» *)A_»;..o I>qX^ r00'0 ViXZ*j ansn^o .oooi 1 *’^CQ_»rr^i\o }j-^? l^-*-ro *jooi A_»1 5 1?aT£0 <001X05 ]kr;.^ aXXjo .<0010.^05 5 _Sd XioX "I j. \ff) 5 jro^ ^£D0 - *| in » X jjLj] «-Cl CO *j Q .jAl » n O • • 5CLQ OlX o^X-» jjcn OUO fcJJZ i>OOj.O) -]A » VV ^qqjzij o] ..arX_»5 ’|Zj_»rLao Xaiqj o')? .], i > .)!■>■•? VnZ_.o cnkiL. !^aX y->) .'lAin^iX cnZoX OlX %£i(TL* v]> • OiX-»_kkX f£L£} ^__*5 ].^mno 10 a .du-d-L^Do [ctlljZ jAo ooi 1Z] .oiZaX crL-kJi clXpqj o .. ]X-k>jd oi_»_j q_£i^«k>j 0 .aiX • ]A i »,Vn\ Aj5 "(ooi ^J-65 <__»5 ] A-»-^l V] ]AjL^fk) A A^O :"U_£D3»0^> «£DO^£CLk~ALO *Q._«lA>ASD5 : ^CI^Sd] ]c01 ]yrCLL _X JDT1 V-_k~» ,n.UJ5 3A-I_^3 OOU*)? .V-l-i.ni]] OlX ^Xo XqXo ,_X \jroai55 1v-£aX <-j~£>ZX |Loa 'XASnX 1a-^?1 __i> ^?oA^1 -tr-Zi? ocii ]o>oi> 1Ajl.» • • • \ • 20 p oooio .qXolqIoX ar^ Vo 1y-X*-X fciX«-X V? ^X^loo m_»AX Xdao 1 .aikiL ^^ALo cooi VlAdooi) ., -ojlX 4j-L_>cn_L 1) Head ]ra wvyg^n 1 2) MS., according to Martin, o n <^> i The word is no longer distinctly legible, but seems to Guidi to be ^....2lJ, which would be > ]A i£U^.A3 ^OJI-iZaA clclsu |.»,..i..Z.o lyro-^A -V»?03i-» <~o ^.a.*1> *0^0 ,_Ad clAj ,_£Q-^k1dZ.o /jASDcL ooai l?cno .kAL^Ao 5 ?5cn^ k-^0^? |ca_L^i^o ^jU .coSaoj ^ooiAoq-k. k-ZA^ oooi Z_i*Acni lAi-ijLoAo .].giaro >.al ^ooiA -r±£L0 5?ai ^ jo oai ]ocn ^^dZ'Ao p .]1o1o->Voq pen La -X *kk£a*Aoo . rlo> pa.® Aao voctl_»Zaa .^ooiA A^AAdo 10 .*l_»5CLO *2)] cnSoA ^oAbo <__»? ]ooi ^».A-£ .]A.j>qAqa1d> 1?cn 'A^Ao |ScA>> .. ^ooiA.k.505 Aa ]l5|ro ^qj] 02>Zq-*AqA cQ.gu .]5q..* ,_Sd Zclk>jo aiZj-fiAo ^ctliAd j_k» iDoouj :1A\a .3ot-kA5o cninA ^Zloo k-£Dy2)> UAAd ZaA *2)] 1ZqZa*.aAjd ^5 ’IZo^-iAjd ^5]o * ^ enZo}-*— Qi_» ll-*-^ 1Q~D 1 •-) otAaa) ]JZ ZqZa A^roj5 oiA Z_»]^jZ1 ]] -.kAooaiib • • cnA Zoai k'-*---» P> A-^Ad ]r-K» . otAqa ]ooi Z_»1? ]1_i^» oai kk? loai *4j«6j 1Zk)° ..]ocn "|5Zpo ]Aj_td5Z w_i l-iAoooij? jI_i_-Kj » a *^)j? ^0,-fli. i AAj }'rJtO .vjOl5o1 *-u£P AQj»1 A_»ll. Aq ^-ken ^Z'Aoo • "j ^jviw "| 30 , ^-ulod^ r-»y.m.A ^1 Vi A°? Is-p ASoj l^-3 Aa ^A)jA)ZAO . OiZqZaI^kTD loai A./)? k‘£o LIX. Or-OA ..^o.ZL ]Zl» AoajuA) .ctlA ^^-a^-kAdo ]5Zk 1) MS. aro^ZAoo. 2) MS. jAoZ]?. 3) The MS. seems to have 01a->^5o. J. S. 8 CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYLITE. 56 2cnZ^ 'quo. kA.tt.-b aroja^jZ] ,_AoZ ]oai A-,*)? "joai ^Q.\-m±D ^OOlZ* QOl i^OOlZ^SD A_»_rO) 3pr-^-lQ£CO ..oiAZ^Ad a^o}o .6PZ^ :4w^cti_uJo^j> AjDj-tZZ] ^5 ]poi .axes ,o.Zi.LJo --»m Vg'ij 5 ^__i-Z^P fcCQJ_^]o .lA-k.ct.jLro w_»aioA_i]> ocn PaaciZ^ ..fio*) p ]5a^» ZoZ^ ^ n enZ* ooai Ucio .lAj_jrk2£i 01C0 ^ork) ^cpD? auZ A_»*| ]j|l6o ctlZ> *jcqj-^.^Z]o . ^q.\Aj5 ^oaiA^a^So P»ZZAZ> ^Qj_^u> ooai _. juLn_k.ib y I-klZL^iX jAo] _._»? ooi • WanJt 01 £m£ZD CD ^ 3 0 V * • V * • 10 ]ooi ;_£d> ocn *mkici\ cnZ> .15cl_s ^ . jj-^kAo oiZ> 6u-> ocn pLroiro drZ> • • • •j_.5oai-»5 (lcj ^ooiZ. U^o A_»|loooi5 ]^£) ^ocnkii ^Zlbo vOctllLd ’.U.£d5>cl2iZ> IZaro^ v^ZZ P? 'Zi^Aoo yM->) ^otl^-^ij OjQjZ Aj|iDrD ^gljoio .}jjib> ^ l^oi aiZ> 15 jjj P^oi ]5aj» ,_lo 01 Z> or[-»] ^[r-icn] .Giro ^j-cASd? ocn . • •» ^ \j? jjjib ]oai n.LiiD ]5^[ja.ro] ]1 n 1 *0 0001 p) 001 ^-»]o . *|5o._o <_!o AjskJ 010 0001 rJ-Dt.DALO .]AcO) U-.01 ]rZ1? 0001 ,-u_^rZ Po .‘PijOJUj ^oi^.j? y^} *.l5a^ a iZr)> ^maro] A-a.ro ^orbALoo 20 ]kA>> 'Z.&Lo rm ]>cn .^looZ ]Aro jkoZ?) w.aiaZa> ^a-^rojo :]Zaro^X cfij.rDj.2) ooi> ]_»_£Dj'ao ^aiyj ..P»j6oi-» airo ooai __.cn lAcoZZ oZ] ]Z^>JZ Ij^ZZo] 1) MS. OT-»-JQAQX-aJ). 2) Read aiZ. 1 3) MS. P^Loo. 4) MS. apparently OT-juJO^Jj. 5) MS. uaa 6) MS. WOt OTOyrafZD O « DEFEAT OF PATRICIUS. DEATH OF NATHAN. oo 1_joi lo^n^o mXo .]A±_irlo o.oioA-»]o Lrs± jjV^rLD V o .ocn.iAo oZo>o5 ..lom^X l-u£pyg) ^cno5rj^ . rD ) a-CQ ii Q.g) ^010^50 ..OOl\ «-* *010lcAV)o 5 ]xm. JO wJL JloA .a\^p oiloi ]ocn A_»]> |_»_k>ocrr;Xo . Q-j-o] ]J >orkio "jZ|j5 ]ooi «jo.*JoASd |_»_id;o)5 IoZAd _»? 50.0 LYIII. • • 's- |o^Sd OjAo ^Ld Ul^? 10 ]]> .^"jo loo .zVla^jsDp^ ^cnoZu'l? \^kiU5 1Z;._l_oo ^Ao ^ai5o] ^ilZ .ooZoolAo 2iOo»oA-»Z A_»"| .arli ocn ]jo,j-*Ad5 ]A_»_o_»5A-*Ajd (J |A\2d5 ro ^Aau dio) J^AoAjlj ]] InOjZ^oj .ai-JAo rOLU jaAtoI jAd]o)5 ,_-»A-»] ^°\\ l?01 15 U*1 r-*~^ 1-»o..j_.*.L0 02 "| .^Llo }050^5 |llOO .wo0l3o|r^ Aj-O^lZ] 1-3 ^ OTA .01 A A_>Ooo 1Aj_X^ 6t.Zjd Zoai A-KK^jZ*(o •. ai-a-o ^ *|ooi mX^5 w_»6i ]Zo_>oAo ^_>jZ jjcn Ij^XoI^ 5Aoo .cn.-LO_a_lo\ lo.oo .mA-gm- n AmoZ 1 501 }L) llal 50.0 5 _ — 1 5 oiZooo^.o\ . AjAoo _jAoo_, 20 1Q.OO ^-lOOJ voi\jo io\ib ^oo-jo] y] . y&_, -lJD CTLJL^rD^ Oi. 1 J— • .yz ZoX j-£AO rOO .l-^r~Q.Z^ ]Zlj5 • • • r« • 1) Assemani, Bibl. Orient ., t. i., p. 261, gives ]-i->-Acn ».n. 2) Assemani, loc. cit., *_j..0.joA_»Z and liU. 3) Read • • ' 4) This word is no longer legible in the MS. CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYLITE. 54 x^-r+jO occn _j_roAlp |jl.Sdooi) Aq.oo ^cjuaa^Kjj cru-ki^ajj .#vootZa *._»?oA_»1o p ^octla^^o ^qj] xJD.->iJ^2s ^ootZa ^oi ]poi ^Aoo ., Id]] vOcnX oi_»poa_» UAq-*-J? ooi ]±^>ijAo o^c_»"| }] po .24^ooio 5 ^oiqZaa rn£) •. 1 AjL_»rlD a-^^? <__>Acn ctlA ^mj-^ZZ] ]]? .ooijAa ^clsuo 15o£Ak»Za oZ] )_»_ro>a^5 __»■> ]Z._»_Z LYII. ^)] .[^qj| co^o] .^Dan^_i\iD5 aha op ]Z?]^ ZqZa aX]] \]rnAA.Z Aju£:5 __i^jdALd5 )_i_Ldooi> A-»-op 10 ctl\ r_»_nniAD5 |lAo_^o .oiZqZa I-cZaZop *jZ;Z..» o^n-»]o ,_Aa.AJp .oah* Uacl^Zao .^qj] 6q.H);-k>o ^ooijZaa oXguo ..4 *Ai>^-i 6aiX Zoai AXa? ^A° .qAclo j] *|Z^j^p __»p oijl.Xa U-l.j^ ctuaa 7^1 cl*_j_aZ1 <__»p ^oZ 4-»Q-^1r^r^^ •Ij^o]] |Lda oZ]o .yiALAoj'lo i^.-»r-Oo |_uJoaio .V^ojaAip • • • • isA^sa too . .octliZaa ^ilioX Aaoo Ajunp aikA®o • • \ • • • • ..ooai o5,Ap ]J |rojj^o *. |_»_Adooi3 ooai ^otl»A^] 1-k»5o|^ .ooi5 AmrA y:sai ,no . .qj] a^Loo y*.k>r.CAA }-»jco3Q.£) v>i} |_i_AOrOl\ }_i_AD00l3p U— ? CTLD^jb .. CLlXcip ^aJA-.] .q._»AaAAclA 5Ai ]Jo .]AZ^jp ^ooiu-Xa, 8AZ>^.jo aa-j^AoZlp 20]5oij jniAo .oi5Aao U_wa oiZaoo l^Aorio .aa^A) y£>ai ]]] • • • ' • 1) MS. oH_kJa£i^j^jp. 2) MS. ^£>aio. 3) MS. hqIa-i., Z^£d] . 4) Such appears to be the reading of the MS., but the word is probably corrupt. 5) O is a later addition. G) This is the reading of the MS., but perhaps corrupt. 7) MS. 8) The O seems to be a later addition. 53 AREOBINDUS DEFEATED. SIEGE OF AMID BY THE GREEKS. v ZZs oiZab ]ocn A-*]* PL__*j ^oot-iAa 5r-» 1q-j-k»ZZ'|> ]Ad,.a .^ZjZo lAir^i 1rAj.^5*| 5o .|jl£05Q-Q Poo;a ]pL^.£oo .^adj^AAd p ]a5Z ZqA. ^»5 IqAdZ obpo .2AaAqA p o n iZjZI |a5Aa} . w-»oiqXa !Z]kA )ZLi_4o ]_i-jccn *.]jjD5aa Aqa "o-a-j-ZZ] 5 5rJ> %P»cLa^ ,_Ld 1>oi ^£lA.i po . vocn^-_»j-Ci \±^JL^soano o Z> .jAb) p 4 *v4^ocno La\ ] » ]Z]Aola ^Aa U— ? ^£Ao .jj^AAo oA ooaio ^ZaA q-jClo ^ooiAj-^o? Aa, P] /qaAdA-*] P ^qjoi tjAi -.1rij^5'| AjuTd? ^j-Aai Aa, ]_»_£D5a2) oZ] ,_»? p .jAb] ZaA 10 \6 *vocnA->l-.tt-V? P] . ^ooiAqa a^AbAlab oaAA»1 P .^jdA-»1o HroZ] «ooirbiA oiAdo .w_»oi5oPo PZlA A— ^Z]o ]AAZ ooai ^.aiajAd _g^ocno ^-*? ^A-*pA^ A_»jd? LYI. wj_Z_1£)Zl»1 po . jAo]? l ?o-a-A ^ooio ^o-irAjob )nu..0 5 A^1 p? Pu-gl.^ iDV-^ZIo l^Z^L^CD ‘IAqAlLAD Pr_^AOj ^OOl-J-OoZ 15 .poa^oAo --»rv^ ^°r° ^rbZ] ^j^oi .. AOjAd ^Ao ^qajAj ..PijaDjas) 5Ao ^]]o ..^AoZ <-Ad Zq,jq .Pr_^AbA ^qj] poolo Pj;-K>]o ^Aoi^) OlACL®5 p3V^)rAO ^_AO ,_-i? pK> .^qj] 035?] Po ^cuoio .jAd] Zab ;aiaZ? ]aa ‘(Aaj^d 5r_» -."po^Z oiAcl»> ,_Ao |aa\ Pi_£djo£> 8oioH-k» po \ Pl_»Aqaio ^oAj ^ooi \ » *jp 20 Ivaa^ PAda^jI ^->1 pcrulo °oq^u .j.Ad1 1) So the MS., for CLa-KoZ]}. 2) MS. qAaAoA. 3) o is more recent. 4) MS. *4j-2)010. 5) 0 is more recent. 6) MS. yOOlA^-aAP, 7) MS. IPL^CO. 8) MS. CTIOV^j. 9) O is more recent. CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYLITE. 52 y ooi jimi ot\ IZ^Ldio lA^^dLoo Ul .end. Zocn U1^5 *|rZ1 _2o |joi jamim ]1^1 w^Aocnl ^ ^otlA ^dALd p .]Aj_ZjAd 1Zoj_»ZiAo3 1Zv_^._»l }a\lo . vQ.-Qf-.u y 3 ^otlX vmmZAoo .]aiZZ^ jam 5 am 5 ^aim ^oAmjj |_»J_Dccn?? (1_»_jo 5,jb mSd.» p mDaJunj] ]Zim aid. Anglic ]J ^_,3 jclqX .^.j] ^o^jo *|Aj_ZrlQm 'r-»bm ll-u^£D jlDp ,_Lo Mmeo yo .}m_»3 lAj_m^o V-9? aiZm .|m^o 1 2^ii) o] w_u\ 5rj&3 jaZAa ZaA> Ip^A] \r-» VI mmi-A] yi .5r_® y jmen? ,__»3 ]o.^lo oo5]m ,«_tAvotiLq^ yZ-^mo ]jrmrLoo ailaA loan A^lo .]Aj.Jrlc ^.Z}] ^joAolo 153 ZaX .jAd] Zm o^» ^ca-femooio ^.a-iaZZx ymiJZ 15 yQcnlm 3]o ^ASZo llsoA* )L^oto • 1rJL-um3'| A^.m3 <__jAcn vaj] r_»5aui3 )\^ p ^ 3am LY. 1) MS. Oj.-»]3. 2) MS. apparently 'Zxm.Oj. 3) ]ocn is on the margin. 4) The MS. adds here a superfluous «m"). 5) O is more recent. 51 CAPTURE OF AMID. RELEASE OF RUFINUS. .vlHZ ]5q._» ]]o |a$Z ]] p .]A\£i£D .cflAjulQ-»Z OjA^O .jjnQjO _-»r3 (JIA.i_J.jO 0^00 :lAj^»rLD^ _io .ai_»^alni!A "IAjlAAjb-O) jA)30 .cti-l .Li _t OH oj.\ > O IZj-ftAo ,JdZ 2 QjQ .aj^-^Z]? l^iZl^coo |iioD ]5a4^ ^ooiXo oA^jo .^yoi^^ ]AZLZ 5 \|_»,Ad]3 ^OOT-»,ZL»3 ]_KK_>5 .-*-0)3 }_i-£D3Q.O) ^AxZU ]]; ] .» |a5Z ,-Ad jaZi ^iZjZ 4^S\ 3 *cl*.do o 0,0] ^ A_» .)j_jujo^1a5Ad) arrj san^iJ3 ]j__»_a1d ]oan ]ooi3 ro ,__»A_»"| ,Jd ^4^ .^j-SiZL ^.lAoZ ^Ad ^mo .lAj_»rLD ^.Ld fDiX ^aj] Aa.^5o 10 6vaJr»'|3 ,Jd ;^£do .o,oiL3 ^61 lAjjao ,_Ad AjA Q_l.jALq\ _JLj_QO! £d *p3 .- » ^ A jj Q._® A_i_LD30 . AAa,OD v . r . ^QOT-iZcAD |oVn\ IjAjo ^iL? 5Q..Q .-.CTl-.;-* _-.rj-« n]n 4) MS. ^Qj). 5) O is more recent. 6) Read vQ._i3A_»'j3? 7) MS. Oj..iA.Cd"| 3 , but the fem. is required. 8) This passage is quoted by Assemani, Bibl. Orient ., t. i., pp. 20, 21, 288. He gives ..j-OOlSZ] and ^.rAj-^ZIo ; and has 0*01 ]j^4.!D llo)*| , and M' As to the word V£03O_»;.<2 (Assemani, , it is written on the margin, perhaps by a different hand. At present only the letters & are legible. CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYLITE. 50 .ch_iZajoZ Vi_£Djaa oooi ^__»5ZAmSo3 ^A^° .]^)5 5 c£2>] j^ZZlo .ooai --t-LQ-uZ) Z3 . *._»ooi ,__»?A-a-1d 1a\_» |Lj 1^1^? r-»aiZai_»_Lo] ^.J vaJ vq.ai-^_£da ^ork^3 Vrhol ooai 5 1 2lr-»J? loas r^-^? --‘On 'lAj-m^Z? 4ArA‘o5 ]^>}a ]aJD30Q C71_*Aa 0001 ^ . -V^L^Ano . 4^j__^£D <_j_A.01 S^A ZoOl ,Ad ]Jo .oiZo_»_all ^Aio Zooi V»_ajA1o Uo JlAo |-KK^a^ ]A^))o5 <__»ZAai 1^]5 .oiZq.ai_^Z5 ]5qj .^roZj ^j]kAo "jv^-^— 0 ]A^.od.dAX . ^oai ^A^Ad 10 IAj^ooi^ ^IoaIclA} J-o OjAoaVjo ]-iA03Q.£) Q-»-2?ll Iasoio r-»->j v-> "jAlZAro? ^-ASd .A_»3 |_»^Lo"j U-ZAa) ooai <__»rroAAk} Aoq-jAs? ]5aji 5oj.^J ]]o ]ZaAj_looilnio 5qZa£ljo .oaiZa^i ^A 5a2AA>ZZ] • • 'v • 15 ,Q.AA oo5|^ Iv^lA Aoa_»_A)0 .iXljjiD ^AD5 oj ]ZoA>->-£I-kkI0 .‘Ujq-dj ]AXa ^A-Lo ]5aj» ^V‘43 ^f-»l l'U-^£0 Ifla^ *, kjpj jj;-K»]o .]Z^n_* 1Aaj*_A) qaaiAZ]o qaAoj j_iA\ ]ocn ^o • • • • o5ZAm hn\ A-kkJo ."joai A-^Z I^ALdj ^4k> ..oaiZi-A^s 5anoj • * ^ • .^A-^nro ^a-m? }lo w.J Ijcti IZa-i-^^ ^j_aoi J A^ooi^Aior^ 20 ^amlaro Jo \}lol *-._»] 1 ZqaIq \ -aAb 5 ]Iaaad Jo , . O rLo]? ]5CAa-A) aA^A_»] ]j_0D3Q^) JaiZL ,A03 1) Read *|Aj_£QA)Z, without 3 ? 2) Read ? 3) Add lAjjarD? 4) MS. ^.^ao. 5) O is more recent. 6) Asse- mani quotes this passage, Bibl. Orient ., t. i., p. 274, giving oj}.xO, . » ^CO and 0A-kkJ0. 49 SIEGE OF AMID BY THE PERSIANS. 3a_>^Ao Ixoi ]oai -.^m^ano IVL^xdo Ul oocri ^ooZ 1_»5Clq „.*Jlo ^cnVc] Z^ZZl _jAoi ZufeXoo .'(LlD^Io an£U l^cniio'jo aoSAoolo .]5a.» roZZ]o ]rdo oj-OjoZ]o .Zooi I^jALdo 0X00 .0001 _j.aAo) . "I A\ju££LOO ")Ax_>,1D3 jxj’Z 5 jllXX>3 \150U3 IZovZoZ. jlxoXo vOrOXJO .*vOj'| voZrjZj3 1roxX crux joo£o3 111 jo o^oA_»] |]o .^ouAdZoxj ^lj") ^cqx *.-»oi5o)o A-.]? IZ33 Zo ZZZ? -.1j,.ooo ..qoZIo \ • • • • p ,_,J .CCU-L^o] .]0 Z^Aid] Ijoi po .(Jl^ IUj^A j.sj •. .oaiAo Ucoj'asA "viOiJj oa0_a_!_0 13? "jl-JO 10 • \ • .oa-ux Zocn Aj]? ^6i )l^o Zx Zi]o . calx ^A^]? OTOlCQJO CTIO ]oCTI A^]? «O^0 XxZoOOIDj'jAo .lAjL_»rl£LX *|^»A1do .*jooi o>j.nXo rXo] Zx Z.-fc.xPx 300 LIII. Pooo . AZ.0J3 «.^ai 1Aj3QxlX 3 0T-iXo_» j. j 3 ZXnxo ]ooi 15 • • • ]xx£D3 ]j]ib ^oAjJjo chjoZxhj IcoJZooo ]o]oo3 1-XoyoJx \|nib o*| \ OjZXjp ZalOjO ^aj] ^OjOXJO \]jAX30 1^0X30 roX3 _di ]Aj3Qo ^Xo Zx2x ^qj] ^oZxqjo .jjjlo oo5 Uoi . A_»|LJxo l5a_» ZooclZ Xq_»5ZZ3 cruxxx? 4._»di Z.£Aq ^oico-xx j-»^oaZ ]jXojoo ^qjctd cai 20 jjjAol 010 ooai .^Zo.k» ^ocruxo .^»ax ^oiZXox ,_Sd j-iAj ^oixk) Ij-ki Zooi ]LqZ> *|Z\O303 ]o]5 odi 1j]1qo ]oclx j.kiX3 1A-».od.xZ A^ZxZZ] U^oio IUdAIxZ 1) O is more recent. 2) I.e., ^o5]j3. 3) MS. cnXoX a±_»i (lo ^Lcl»o 15qj> pori op-* j-i-C03Q_2lX |j_SDOC7I>3 \b"2) 0]-kj pO .^OOTjlXl oZ]o ^QOtX-l..^ OjId] P <__>3 j_i_X^3 • j 6P-i„^i ^OOL-iXL OlX j_^_£D ,D0 .]Pi__^.£0 ]jfA 8^oaiX qa5ZZ"|o .}XL£o ]_i_joot ^ootj-Xl ^oZ 7a.2iCDoZZ*io •P»y£> L±jlJD q-4XZjZ]o .IjXXo 9a^^A_»1o vocn_.3riD 10 aro^Z*|o .occllSdZIo ^*«*jZZl l-XLi? |_*lC33 10]. <* • • . » «n Aj] bi_»o 1 -lAdooij <_2d 1PL^-£d *£)] IZ] \]jot ctlo lA_»o ioo-^o LII. ln_»o .rao nvrD-^o •. Aj_ciX ^Xio PlIca Z _Lo _2n.u s&j) 1Z]o A_u.o oiXd3 ]ajuA.co "p-i-Lczo ]Za^j] 15.^50-0 -->cnX^X |^l»o 12i-»-Xo ^j._kXo ,2 .w_»ar5oP lk)A \ o # -jXX ;CXXkAjLloZ • ]A . o - o j.,03 3 l.a.A,.Ij.r03 ]a^jlLo X. • i^SDO aX&JoZlj <_AJ ;_&££) J]iaiiCLK.O Ijcti ]k2i. oA; ]AA 'A? 1Aoo ]i L,i.no 1) jA) is added here in the MS., but cancelled. 2) ^ is supra- script in the MS., «-i.kLg.XAc). 3) For °£W- 4) 0 is more recent. 5) O is more recent. 6) This word is wanting in the MS. 7) MS. Q_£i£OoZ"|o (the final O is more recent). 8) MS. OlX. We must read either ^OOli.jCD OlX Vi5ZZ]o or <00T._i3j.CD ^OOlX aA>5ZZ]o. 9) O is more recent. 10) One would rather expect ]AcDy^lC^O, or some similar word. 11) Read A^]o, as in line 15 »CZ^_k>JLd. 12) For Ipb. 47 SIEGE OF AMID. DEFEAT OF THE GREEKS. ctlA^ cn\rDO oci rk)] ^ *.-j»AbZ*jo • • l_»rLo| qjlcjG . |Aj5Cld dr-k-X^ ]jloo .pjlXoo ]1qLq_.|d • • • oo^.o \]Aj)Qo Ak^ZZ] po .]5q.,») cnLoo3 vO£Do]o ^-k^?Z] A_»]o_»_dZ *|5o_fl_JO Qjl£U p^O .Pu£03O2> )-rD‘> 3 • • • .^i-guo ]ocn «oAZZ] ^_ljda V? -1Zr^» ocn pL_i_j.o 5 • • 4 \.aO 10^0 \*|A_DQ.D A * » > 7 | ") Q_jlO "j A_fiZ_CL£) 1 o *» 5 r_»A2 p ^Aj^mp 1 Ajl_ij.Sd a^Zi cho ]ocn P^o? ]3fkA .A2.£ljo *|Aj)Qo ZA^kk^)Z]o .*)Akilno "|rrZ^.X cn\ ooai • • 5r_» -.lAj-^plD) diZ^_i_^ >clo ]oai I^SpAlo P po LI. '^-L vqZ^i]j> ... aT\_u-Kj ctlXd !>cll PA_2? jnZ^lD 10 q.o;~q 2 Pa.ro 3 ^*|o A_»_o\ PiAq_»Z ^Vbo .PZ ^on> lAjL-kplo Plj..4x4ooq..q\ to A ^oar-AOpOiX j-UllA^Z ^oq„».o . *j5Zl cn\rZ^ ^oj-kAdo ^■i-oJ^o ooai *moo? >m v£i^u w_»^Z5 Pk>^o aio ,__»5 CTO loci Ao^J? \pLj_.&_fc2^D3 * 4^CQ_»^L^o]c PZ> 15 oo.03*|5 PjADSQO ^Po .. ^OCiX^jO ^QJOl .]jL0].0 5aj.i£)Z1 ,00 ..qj] *.PZ 4-.3p-k»5 |_»)'aao • • • \ • • * P-kkJ-o A_»] ^.jL-ii-j] l|ln-«-LQjo3 .laj] ^qj”) vijo] . ] Ax ,fVn\ 5OOjuZZ] ^QJCIO . ^OTLLlD ,__»_0_»_^j3 oZlO .p-K» o^aiZ^oZ] .ALd ^ruaXrcAX ]oai 5oii ^-.orro? ^.Ld Wo .•'UjO? ,_Sd Uo ]A,\1d ,_1d |] ^octioAj y? 5 Aa\ ]oi? aiZa^A ^Ld? .•1 * * *]Aj_j_j_i^Alo ll^Soj ]SDrA ]otij> |_» «-*a>!»o :]-»jAd5 oiLdq._» m m > \«^n ,jAd5 ^\-»-2ai ,-aAcn .11^? U^-l-jlAd oai Urol? ^Ao ]ocn y? ^^AdAcoI . . . ^ctl&L ^-a-L? w»6ai ]/7n^Vn\ y*j 10Aoo.-i_ro :}j^^ ,-Sd l_u£Dja3j |dX1o icm ^^IZl L. lr-»0 \lArO_a Aoa_L.ro •.AQ_»rO ^^-»Z ajplo • • m\nn oai . "jZoj'ou Au_ro .Za^ di_»A_»l5 .*lAj__»rLD .Ao] ^*.±D> MLq_» rD :|_»_Loooi h IqiZAd ^coq^cqjI .oi2a • * • \ 3r_»]Aj y? ^Ao .Ioj-Clo 2*— »oiq.juA^.J5 ]ro» y ..oi!a _» 5 ciro • . * • * • o 15 ..oij-Q^o U-^o5 r-i-iO Irooi? oiX 5fj y] .yii^voai._ij'Z> ]Ao> V-L.rOiA y VV » n, vn : 5010 «._»O10A_,*| IIdcLkjZ ^15 001 J} __»> rD .u_»01Q_i^a-J0 ]roai5 CTlZu ^Aj \|_l!O0013 A-l_dA 7 j] °'^Aq-» : y^mnZ 1j-_l.^o5 5].£Ad IrOOI^A mon • *.7to^\o w_L.ALD5yo ^£)0^A0 : JQ-O 20 *t2l£qjo |Loq_»jZ Id do£U) oi2a jAdIo .oiZoZo ^}o y^mnc .j^jAj? pQ^o \U_j_£)oZa aij-ro] yi .]ro^ y <._»> ooi .fc)Oi> 1) The MS. seems rather to have lAo-J-^ja-SP. »oia_»-L5]j5. 3) MS. j..* zh 4) Head word is on the margin. 6) Head viLQ_»0 '? 2) I.e., 5) This 7) Head ^TO^aZ^O, as in ch. xxxviii 1 In the MS. the ] is actually separate from the LiO. 45 KAWAD TAKES THEODOSIUPOLIS OF ARMENIA. •l-»Aoooij>j jk>o-K*ArD Alo *qAido ]Z]o ''Za "|^»o .oiZoA ]ocri Zulj 1_uJooi> odi 1L»-k» Aqa ]j^rSO ]ZZbaj_.0 OT.a.OCO ...-i-llO}]? ^jA^CLCOjIZ • • ••IjAdoctij 'Za 5jAd \]i.^^£DClo aikA»j :ocn "j5Zl> ZoA ctlA Aooi ^OjId IZoaiOjAao 'Z-As .cnA ^a^]o 5 .6irjoo|o oir^o IA-S^aA ?clo oai ^Aaoi cnvo .lAdlb • • • • • lr-irmAo . la-o^ ]A->.-i..gi^? I-oclq ,__»ctlAaZ.o oiA ) 1-3 cn ]SqAaj oiAAq-* Alj s^ol : ],Avo ^»_Zaq_»o .1-301 ,AA1] ,_kiZA ,__»ocru ..^ZAoZl :^A AroAi> A Idoj l^o^ Iaoi oooi> ^^5A£d ,Ad 15 :1>JO£DO *jAAj> wtOCTIO .*1jZqADO U-glA 00015 5Ao ^Sdo ]lflA ^Za IklA AQ.Q *. «-jI_kjZ| 1-k.LQ^ ]AC5505 ]ZoZ]o ^__»_roA^lo .1tdj.jo5 ISdq^lo 5 ^oiaZiao 20 1]] : ]ooiAA ,_Aoi ^or.aA ^ZAa y cnZ. l^Ao? jAoIaA <__»ocn ^.juj^Ao .]Z^ A J^d Ada 11 .ojAolo QjA5Z1 Ijldoi UI^d Ajj ^Sd .1iAa> cilAa.* l) MS. .mA^aro^Z. 2) MS. o^j. 3) MS. vmj-A^^aoo^A^. 4) MS. Iaca^jIo. 5) Read ^cnAlb? CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYLITE. 44 ]5aj :]jai ]Ajl»5 CTL±D ’jA-A-LTLO p ^ ’A-iV-^Z] j.nrZj Zoai 1 r_» Z.A ]5aj5 (]oloin^5 ^.lOai j. nib l-mcno V? \jo^j ^lD5 ^__»J u_»CTQAQjo5 .odl ]_L n }-l5] 1 2 *ctl^^ l-ai-j] ^_*5 Z5jA_»*j .]-L_»_rj cnnj t-iAZ* oainj .larai dm *|ocn A..]? •. J>qZ_»5o}j ooai ra-»_kA.£n AmanZl ■. j]iQ_^Zioj ]Z]_»_^cd __idi *|5qj A_4_kjZ) moZo •:• ^o}Z)5 ^orSo oZ] • -.IAIdq^ 5Zn ^_j5 10 am •.’j^lkZL.&r) AmnZ"|o ]5qj am Z._>V-»oZlj }lra_» odm> • • • * du^Zm qjoi . ^oaiZaZjloj ^ai-i^Zm ^ru odi }loa.»m VijOOl-i? *j A^l_» A_»m ^L£12 Oj.nn c2)] dl-^ZmO 5o^J «-i . 1 n . AarjaiZ] Q21) oai feca^m am ..^aiojOj-uZm ^oji^acDo .,oj5Ajj 6aLQ\A-»*j r_») ) >,cnnn 1 15:ojollZ1 ^Sdj w»aiaSkZLj |lDA .ooai ^ > n iA« ]aZ> .]Za_*-£D] 6QZm.QO .-qjAdIZ] IZoZL^no ^Sdo^o am •. |_».£0v^5 }hZAd 10 & ;.n <__»j jar) XLYIII. 20 ]Iju-kj aiZliiZ. 3.0 .w-*di ]5qj am A-i^Z]? ]joi lirau_n • • 1) MS. :^rd|. I have placed the points after ]jOI. 2) Such is the reading of the MS. ; but as the is a later addition, we should probably read with Martin OtZlI) j.nr>ZZj. 3) This seems to be the reading of the MS., not JOi-&J. 4) O is more recent. 5) MS. ^a-i.^-.Zr). 6) O is more recent. 43 SINS OF THE EDESSENES. tool A_»"| QJ015 :|j"| sAd") jjLAOl ,__.5 ^ .yvAmVrn . ^AjLjyiO^ wJlLo‘A^1d> ..^ooio ^jjsjZq-mAd ]j-r\ork> k£>}-> ^A-00 .j_iZA.^-roo ] > moo "|AXa V-1 * 3U :}ch^y^ ^QJ*j 2ojO^]) AjlO^ y U— 5 Vlo.oa\5 |jq .•la\rAAj5 5 p "jZao^ZA cnZo r_»5 ]]j .jj] ^\Vk£o _k> ^5Q_»1? A-»5oA_»"j ^Za ,-Ad ^iD \]^j2lZ»AO ^A> ^oAd jAd] ooZ y?o ^ ^lLL) K.1 odi .^loAmZ cn-iAo? ]j"| Ao"tm ]jlOJ5 oiAXlnZ. i^vAo ^Ado otAai "jv^ r^? 10 ^aoZa^A A-»]^AjO yoAmAD ]jAoa_>5 ,__JaotZa \|_»;Ao5 oiAoao ^Adj ^J\ p .ZZlfAo ,_l_>,Ao5 ]Ld y>->) .UAqLq-kko ^1-kkJo ^.Aj .,__»Zaoi ^A ^LaA *|Ai.«.,o o^Am")? ]-KKja^ ^A, Mln_» <_,*5 j_»oi XLYII. .-oj-AAm] 0105 ooi ]Aooj.o .-A^v^Z]? ^&\ ")Z"j ^ao -."150120 • • r-»'jZo ^..ymA Aoa.i_o .. r^]o A aoZ ooi "(501 wsjj 1) Read ^_j_oZoA_*Ad 1 2) Read 3) Corrected l>y a later hand into |) 5 , which the sense seems to require. 4) MS. ra.jtj^.jtt.j^ALD>. 5) MS. OOI. CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYLITE. 42 rmkA kn liDO-i |^k> rn : }jcn OTA} XLYI. «_icnaA ,A \S5qA? : j_»_ja_»5 lA_A»Z> ocn ]?]a oi^ |] *noZ? .. mAmjl lAk) lo |jr.oa2) 1Z1 AA _Ld •OlZoAkn *|AAk> ,_lD llal .]4^Q-^>1 v0rJD;_3 5 ^id ^ ^ V ]J .. ]Z&D^j jjLmsilQA} Ancn 5jA ]Aj__,rk> . .Vn oocn }a_»c5 A\v <_kD-> .]jZalojo }jl.2ia? 1Zovrlo v » Vv J1L] o _^5)Z] ■. och ]?Ao .#^4iZ1> 5 An ,_lo ^__i_LDa_. ^jAZZ ^ASd rk *|cn • VmniZ 2<_Al1 *• A-*r^ ]Zrlo jkAtfl An <_j_Anik)> 10-^AZo ^?ll •. ^r° Acn ,_JLA}5ik>> ly-imo .•jorA OLLj.^ OC71 o^A>j»_1D) .. ^.A AlA^t ArA]o ^j-AZ? ^Ay Aim ^Ajo .. ^Zu ]Z5a^i ~j AAA. A|> ]ocn ^a_» |5a£ii A ^_i_^ ,jd . vocrucrL A* 1Ao5 arA ]?cn A_Ad jj_n;..» 3,_Sdo .Z£o|j 15 A1 Ayl ^s1 j-c id .^j-LoA ^._iA A a_^ro Zocn ]on y IZanA ;._»_^ Ijan .AA5Z] y? ocn |ALd .jin A ^ooctlj chAXoA0? .-Zocn aa_»A_>j jj.a.n^> y A A 5 ,-02)) ^cnro -.l^An^ ]?jA cA-A j-ha H^Om joiZA ^J-_»A1 r-»? ^-Ijj .j-A-A'l v0.*"0^ 20 A_»j A, A ..1q_A? jocn jA ocn jAA .. cnZamA? A. kiAZ]* ^6i lAjO-roZ ^A A_»]o .,__>a_® y? .••^cnaloAn} wAj yo :]A) cnZa Amnio ^k? AZ] rn |oti y .cnA^n) A Zocn jln_»r-C? ^cn "|A_*_u..o 1) MS. ^-Alo- 2) MS. 3) O is a later addition. / 41 FAMINE AT EDESSA. ]ocn jAdIASd jj-Acno 2cn^i£00 1 n • ^Vn\ .Z^aAsc] ^ ]^Lo ]cnZZ\5 * 3 * * * * 8m2o.j m •. y»o;£) ,_Ao .*|?cn IZaro^ Zocn di_.A_»] .• ]Zo?jAo^p }kujii Zo-^j_\*jO vo.^ciro.j Uo *-_»ooi5 ^__».Z.cn ]AJL^] r_i_£c ]_*__» 5 cljd ^o^LDAmj? ]jcri \±^)d ^£AO .Zj.£1A5 *._»01 ]AjL.a.£C} o>_Z| il£^£) 5 IvAroo . )Q._k>Za£c 4w_.oai ^j_^5].Lo ]j.A.Jrrc ^Z*,Ao lAr^iil .]A _»v-»Z? *U^I^ Zocn |Lq>o55 U1 ^-*-Acn *(501 .*|Aj» • • * locn ^aioA_i] :l?cn ]Aj_^5 aiXo _-*? [jo]Aro ^d] • ^ ,_k> ^A_» 5Z*i 5Z|ro> *n\cD |a5]o .^^£d ,_Lo ;_»A_. ^]o .5]ocn \^n ^_£o_k.j j] ^L.ArA p 1^°°-° 10 .]a_»5i> 1.Z] ,_Lo ^._Ja.q 'r-k*r* oocn |a5]? 6ai ^yp 7o>^5 ooi 1^-i-kiA a-i-Ao] ]Ai2> ]y_^ ]aaoi jii-g) ^Aoo .u_iCnaAro’i U-Q-^? i^Aooy.^ Zalo^o r_i_Za_j1 vi^Z] |1 "joai ,_1dA_*Ad cnAkDanioo cnro "jocn A_>") |Aa^ "|rcn_A) «ad] ,__»? r_»oai ^_k__A_rh.-lo . _-> ]Ar^5 8*|A-»q..»> ^ravnn j,_»__^ ^1 o^5|a) . *_»._» Za AlqXtd |] ] Aro-*_-»^iD } paio . Aq_»,_q l5aroA ctlAa ja_»o .]A!ZZ ]Ak)d_» ]acq._») |^o5 An^u • • .*|A-»j'aAi IA^ao? ^Ld -J^cd . ^Zj? 1) Read ^.*-AlkZA ? or cZa.«lA>AAo1a ? 2) MS. Olu-^aiDO. 3) MS. m/o 1 ra« c*An*-~^ . 4) The masc. would suit the con- struction of this clause better; or else write 4__»001 ^>1£D5].SD (-£ukj ?Q-k»Zi.o ^__»rhO jkoji] . 5) The MS. actually has ]ocn ^_£qA.J }-4Ac ^rn » 1 y. Perhaps we should delete ]ooi as well as _ on _>_J . 6) Read cn.jur05CL.Kj ? 7) O is more recent. 8) See above, in ch. xxxix. J. S. G CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYLITE. 40 bUkA ]ooi i Ab] p j—»o> .. ^ooiZAa^k) ]ZAd_lAdZ ]A ,-jAoi ..ZAqcd]o A-A-Z* W vl? -cnkiA .^A) kano wx£3 yr_»] chA looiZ ]jAd *->ocn ,_qAjo . *} Ai. tryf? - » Aio )jZqAd w_»A ^ . i 5 Ai ]ocn ^ojib ]]o ifM lioa^-o IZ^L^jcd ]A£o^ |jcn ]ocn )Cl*>Ao v_»ai5o|rD oA .^ai i .^_,3 k) U^cn >, n ,^jA ]1oao ,-Sd PI .jjZoloj AZakiso __»_qjA_*Ado | « i ^ ooai _»_^^ZAo ,-Ad k£)] .ooai ]]> .]i^A ^Ad HA^co A-lAdo 10 oof-»|roo v Ijoi IAa^jo 1 2oA-»-Lo IAj-^Adj \i n>oh ^_!^Ad3 ,__,oai h$**> 5 A ^Ad iJqAdZo ]Ad ^*| ^iDoco ,Aa.n ]] ^Ad ,-L »cn.^Ab ^juojiLd )i-i->p} r^r° \±op PI .,_->oai .;♦ ]Zj_kj ]A\\vi A.A «_»oai 15 ^-Aoi ,_»? 5A ^Ad .3lvmkZAZo II^oiLdZ Aj.^ XLV. ..^OOlaAk *A AAZj : ]jZqAD)0 ]j-£lD)0 ]j^o| .. IoiAj ^-.mnVn^yo ^A ]oai > \o ]>, » 1 jj-^acoj ^oouAoj .. vZ*^? ^-AaA o^jumkA ^Ad -IA^cd UA-O 1?ai .^a?0M 20 4qjcdj^Z]o -l^r^ y »AZn ]^Aal»o ^-ipCCiL |Z5^aAd nu^]jLDcn .lAJiA)l> iZAAi jk)p ^ i_»Aj 1 A-ii-0] } ]AZAk Zooi 1A-^C0> :|»A£)0 VpI 00O1 ]o01 _;_» jJD .-]oai IIDjAD-kj J-L-^ ].Q.*AD . AA? 1) So MS. 2) O is more recent. 3) MS. yra vA\7 n but there is a trace left of the top of the alaph. 4) O is more recent. 39 FAMINE AND PLAGUE AT EDESSA. .}_»>rkioo 1A-k>2L»A2)0 IjqAdiSoo .cocn v Vi-umrp *2>oZ 1J*_jo .]ki>^Qj5 I^clco ]I£loo *-»;Ad |^j-£i.k> |_»_a>5 "jocn p .]Soa.A5 ]ln,oo •1>V> *-*. io ^ootZ^do .1_lZ> ]ccn Aj*| *2)oZ ^oaikuo :1s^2> •. i \n ]ccn ysh i ^_.r-icn \,_-»ZLcn oooi ;jq.oZ1> ]Sdo 5 \pin qZAd po .oiZo2i2i-*_2^ ,_-»ZAai\ "jocn ]o1ZSdo :\cuLl Iplo wk.A^o .“jjaln^n *q.2ij .]Za?o ^ppmo? \-L±ppil± OOCJl ».J..O> :]jCLO *.->i±D Aj-O A_»1> 'aa-siro ]]o 1q-kjA2) *2oZo ..qj] qZAdo ^.j->oAi) A_»1> ta_»AA I^od ccm 1_l_»] 1Z;-k>Zao . vooi2a 10 *-*001 k£l£. L3 l]ib ^AO i~»A_» .CJlZi <-■ > ZAoQ . ^ymio Hib 211_L^.cd 1ZAdq.-»o -.^oop mo ,-Ao » \n ILdao kJj_> Zj ai^-*5 ^Ao .^ZZZZo IIAoX ]1oao ^Ao ccn |-i ^ o \Aq.*AqZ> looi ZuAo . 5p ] ^ oikZAo.fi,\ o] :]j.jkJLA U-no o] i]l -.lAj^plD? ].od_» ,oo-lA2 15 U.A? IZj'jXD *2)] 0001 ^-iA-iAO .]o L.ii.,SDl v_»ZA-0 ^AjlAD 1Zlk>>o1o *2)1 .ioZa2l2)0 iZ_L_»Ao? IZj'j-OO .HA^CO _-a»A *2)0 Z *^2l-» oo5ll00 .1Zj-»A^Z> .oZiJ) __,Z’1 ,2) 0001 ]£lO V-CCIAZZaZ I^jZ ^001 ^..ICttfcOO .]jZqAO V^COO jjjJDQj 1]io-o 1a^? 1r-fe-»-^0 .^-Zio ymAZuAoZ Ivatdo .1*i_»f2> 20 1ZuAj.2)0 .^jAdqj IIsdZZaA^ 1AZ,-^j5Z> 1t^-»Ao .^-jAdqj .Ij^DOa.ro ^2)1 ALo? ^OjAqZ^j lo.cso .^»Aoqj ^ » v^<1^> U^Aj? IjZqAo ^1d . 5j1 **^5j2) IZqao w»ooio XLIV. • • ^.a„nZAp p 1Zu_ijAo *jJlo oooi ^jAoio . U. l m n i ^ 1) O is more recent. 2) MS. U^CD. CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STTLITE. 38 .]a ^UoZ -Ua? 1 Aii • IAjl -Ad ]Zngioni,i.a]) |_^3rZ^ ooi oooi ^ »-\\o .w-»oi3o]> ]Za> 2|i V. i nn ,_*j 1]35o-^ qjloZ] «-»ooi 3r-KKpA-a-k)o .,AoZ ^-k-CQ-^lbo .ir>,niZiD) ^ >1 5 Ull ^oiZ^ oooi ,-jjjQjbo ]Z}IL^cd lyZL» . „ QQfimn) Za\? ^doci ]^>Z IjcAo-^oio XLIII. ^-jl^AOJO •.]Ai^_.AD0 W C7LO --lApj'jo -.IAjOAID ^ > mki.*? }jlo3o3 o^jo 5]5^-^o1 QJ-DZ1 ^QJOl ^£)"| \lAj_»AD? ^-»-rAojo ]A^do3 cll.oZ1 ]_»Adooij .^oooid ^ZAmioo 0001 ^A-iAD .^OOiAclSU? 0001 r-i_^)^0 ]oi-»p ^OTJD OOOI ^ootjAd 1P_^cd ao .V^.-*a-k>o |n ^oL } Zolas .oooi 6T__k-^cb |-^nAo cdoZ -.oooi ^jjqjdALd 15 ^a ’IZclsu^ V*cn>o]J ^ooiZ^ A_»*|? ♦.'(A.Lj.Ao* ]3ano UAq_» *||_^aco *|Aj.uAnX AZa. *.*|AZa ^oiXgAoo . AjjAL AjIj }jlZ^) _.J .SoZ . . ^ ■ 1 Vi ]L IZo^j'jj 1^0 .Zooi UZAo Iotj'A 1^3 ]k3Z ZaX lZL*~ Aj^o Zooi ,^OQ. i.\n CTLJAd ^001 v n ^ i ]Z]A_ 20 ^Ad? ^-jlZioiZ^ :8A4-«--»-i ^ Q^aZArA lAi^Ao otZa 1) This is the reading of the MS. in this passage. Martin conjectures ]l3CL^) = |cd3q_^, which latter is in Payne-Smith’s Thesaurus , col. 25, in the sense of nosocomium. 2) MS. }a * i 3) MS. ^-OLk> AjAdo . 4) So MS. Read with Martin ]l3o^£^. 5) So MS., but the context requires the plural. Read with Martin 6) MS. ,‘U-^JXi (sic). 7) MS. IZdS^. 8) MS. A-.],«.i o. 37 FAMINE AND PLAGUE AT EDESSA. 12a 1. 1 ^lO • V ooai _j_Sd*50 ..qq i.sZZlo Oj^io ..lZa-»jiD ctiZjd ^ooulSd Zoai }-»ALdo . !sro^ *)}ZL^jcd "ULi] ^ootilo ^..l.uo.1^ ]J .]Soqjl*^ |ln-K>Ap ^oauilo ^3l»>5 ^j^o] ^JLd ooai v» o i.a.So? ^lo -.y^Lo^ ooai < ooZo . ]_3 IjoZkio fccu <_-»> ooai .^oaiZi Zoai fcjjlo "|oai A^Aj ..msVnN }io rr0'^0 15 Vo .^-j-coygi So p ^ > OcL» VlO 1ZZ-» *— »oai jA.5 . -.eLikl^ lAj-ijlO * » V ooai v ..ooai 3o.^,4i? aipK^k? ..A-iAo> U^bj-o ooai ilAims ]jqj w*ik)> ^.15 W n •Ijv-kj’I ooai • V ^_»aib> ^-!-.«..i £k)o •.^^ojAro ^Sd y»Z] ooai ^p^Alo 20 ]x5A\ lAj-ijk? cjiZ^ Zoai 1-a.ino .^_*2kn v£)]o -1r^^ ^J-CLOO 0001 ^.i..Q.?lio n c*iVn 1) So the MS. Read fop; 2) I. e., ,AZllO, for ^»A-ZlO or c-»A-vAD ; and so just afterwards ^ * and 3) O is more recent. CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYLITE. 36 \]j_2cn ^1 Uarcik) oocn ,-j^AASd .]nn - \ ^ . n;nA ^nn .]S£LkA ^CTLO ^..rflkA |Sn 'Ll ^OoA ]o01 A . \> •ISo^A? 1 LL& ^ooA 3rKKlp\ IZj'yTDO lo-gib^oo l-QO-«.n oooi 5^5 ]k}0 .OiAj-ClO llfl-K>A "1 001 ooZ;-M-LO) - • i] ]oGl A . \n • • 5 <-ioi \1so-kA ^oud ,-^VJ? *. . . . Po |Ab ^oonSc ^ looi . ^-i-lAoSO o] ]^'rO o] \}L£. A ^OLO OlA ]ocji ]Zo; », m,^»o ]j^oq-» ]ooi ]AAl 1?oi ^Soo .A_»1_i_k. o\so UjI 1 2q_1£D0 -1-3-001 .]_»}CLQ0 ]At >,Vr>o Sn,Vn\o> lki*>A ^_»"| l-»?Q-o 3o\sl ^ooi 3 ,J^o -.lA^ZIpO lA_Ao.A 10 ^jAdIALo Pj lAAo 4]kL»a^ ,-So ^__>5 .]lo. J K>—» •:• ^Zof_»;-» c7l»Zli1 ^.jAoi? Ijctlcdo .5oAo]o oA.^o ^onm£) 5Ao ]Aj-» poro .lymkZ5Zo UsqaLoZ Ajl_» XLI. I^loo .‘I^LipO ^ A-Zo *|A-» looi "Ui^d SlAi^kmo |_»5Q_cld pL.210 ,_»-io *^-k*^DQJ IIAAZiAo ]A_« 15 1jv-k»]o .ooai ^AAl jj~»ab P,)OQjD o^A^lj ^ i A >1 loai A] ^o ai a So ]A>1 p i.Nnlo oooi ^__iAnSb IjqASoo Ai » o oooi ^oiA . 7lAjL*yio> V,A >]o .\inmVi\ ^ooA 8^-A-^) p p35Q-»? l^V-io IvTLL ^V)0 1dcL» 1 » Wo ^aio .Poo.a.^0 Icl^I^ OOOI v . . \n]n 20 •. ^ooij-^.^2) ^cujZlo .l-3-2ioj Ij^IoI ^So Ikiki^poo 1) This word is no longer distinctly legible in the MS. Martin read ,-j.Ab, but to Guidi the reading seems to be 1^0 Vo. 2) Read n '.mi 1 1 n »] 1 The words are no longer clearly legible, but Guidi believes the first to be U^l- 3) O is more recent. 4) MS. 1*^*0^ 5) O is more recent. 6) MS. lAAjklOO. 7) Read !AjLirklO> 1 8) MS. originally rA, but corrected. 35 FAMINE AT EDESSA. loci s^-Jd pLOil? pQO PI .J-Q_» P ^2,1 li-Cn.Q ]coi v « v .Plsioj |j^o]o :]ocn P^od P3i-OQ-» .^oioV), o,a ..Zooi * *|ooi 2^o]A1d Pj ^OjId ^03 ]]Zua-»o .) • i V 10 m » VnV l 3Za-^.\.eir2 P :]A£)3 IZao^jO ]j|ib30 P©CLoZl3 wjOin ^cq Po \’|ZoZ^ W-.001 <_A-o>3ilo A ZLZ ^So o] 5 .p£LK>Zl3 Pj;-OQ_» Zo]-i.^£0 .',-_>01-i£0 Q.^£D)1±q\ fc_»cno_»-in.^^j3 .-poXlo Za^1i-&2> *-*tSo ^clo] Plo>i jjcn^ ^ZLo P» 3*0-0 > »yVn\ piZ? r_>3 ^oA .4PJ^JacD %n n -a-kA ^Qju^iId laamx£i) ooi Ao .^qj] MoZo po5 Pj^XoI ^j! .5?M 1Z .aoZ^o Aj_>rkA pL^3 ,_k> loai3 \piPkA ai\ )ocn 10 5.o^ • VnV. pD . P -.pool? oiZo ioZi£03 poZko oiJk pjo ,oo • • j * • • • e^oZ£lO %C1CLM \ Zujd a-.eiCO <0-0 P ^0TQ_»3r-*-J P? IAa^jId > ■>■1.0^ 5^0 .ooai r-t-oo tZ? _i_loZ2o Pj__,3Qjo.^ .PulDOOiyZl ]ZAd ^Z. ^ooiZ^ ]ooi AjA? Plots Vo ^_£ioo .*| Ai^jlo PjLj w_»Z]o .Pooj^o ^oijo ]loj^A jAooj pi? ,_lo ^03 rna 20 Pq-kkX 7 v, o \o .^Ao] ^So IpJZ ^.iOiZ, ^ocn_»o . ]A-»30oi-» 1) This word occurs again in ch. xlv, near the end. 2) MS. ^AlD. 3) MS. Q_^Ajao. 4) MS. ]..\h'inm. 5) MS. -f> \ 6) So MS. Martin reads i£Q3,;b 03 , which is probably correct. 7) I. e., .,010, for .,nvc or wjJOIO. The MS. • • actually has ^jOLkO, but the point under Oi and the yodh are more recent. CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYLITE. 34 ■■lAWv cn\o\ ^1? ]jllo ]joZo Ho I-a-lIaihX y . avO ooai ?.rA? ;] >\tr).Z| ]SaA vkk£)^ ,00"lA s^)} |jLD01 ^OOT-lAl ZoOl v \ >] ^A|o .^oa-A 1 2oZ^ll5 IZoj'ZIo |jZq!o ^ocnA V\ > \ n 5Aoj cdi .^qj] ^.5>1 ^ZaLo ^ooZ *.^_,oi5oy 2qAl> *joai5 ^OjAD y->) .jj] iCl£l£D') ]iO .__,aicA^ ]jAA-a_Lj0 15 .^_i(TIQ_i^Lojj5 %CLocl*51 ^OjAd ])cn A_>oai ;_»„^y :*A . Aj.mA| ^j^CLa Al? can *Aj> *. ^A ^AcoZ y> . * « i /j;_j__.ro 3].£A --U^l lA-Z» -»oai 20 io .^-t-Aocb )^lq 1 JioZi .]A-» ]y.L£oo ^AJio llibAZ^A^ AAA A l^ioo .,—i-loQj iaq-^aA 1) Martin, CLIAd] (“pour Qj]Ad] ”). The reading of the MS. is doubtful, but the correction is certain. 2) o is more recent. 3) The repetition of ]-^A seems to be unnecessary. 4) MS. ]kZZlQ-K>JD. 33 LOCUSTS. FAMINE. *Qjzu .]>ai 5?1 oo3]0 .lAo.i.0 ^»ctlXd ,_k> ^Z^ 1 ctiZoI-i-^ip X^k}* *.^51 ^ l^kio in£L3 }k3]0 010 tool A_»]5 ]Ao^J 50^X0 oXl \ rJ^0£Dl 3odi ^]o . v *X,l oiX locn IriL^^y ooi? y->] yi .^jXjl X^l -->aioZu1 j^o .*jooi ZuX ^..iX^ |_l!cl» 0oZ 5 : ]_ZXZ Aju0Q 1>.1 >\.i >3 Aa.0 CTlXsO .(jXs 0;A jkl^O <_1d .-^oiCLJvrDj ]-k>ASd ]ocn ]ooi ^»^0? ^Ido .^oiio] Xido ]k)j-L Xi*| ]-i-0^-^X .]0iJLlo> ]Lo-»X liOj-io 3oZ"|> lk)a*jZ -.^-iXai IZoj'Zy a_KjZX jocnj) ^OyjD <_k5 X)? Ii0 »l .^0010 loan ZXjj ;>orkXs ;in*^o 10 *Xi} .5]_Xi00 Xi ^-.ctX v..i-X.\0 oXpaj *.l0j-£) oXo .]0;-k» 1; 0,k> cn5A0O .-^aiokvo <^A? l-^i \]ooi Xi] ]; > \n\o ] • i V i n\ -.^cn »Xn Ur^? cntk)3 ]] ]-*S\ kico> .UjQ-o ^k> }r»^) ]oai ,0M ,_jLLkL»> ]io ^_,"j cri_«-_»3 ,-Id ^-jXi! AO \}r^± p U O.KK0 ]5aki |>n\ . 15 O1,-kkL00 .]Xi OllX^jO - .rnr>\v '’ouQji |Iq_kj5 rn m ..\ .k^kXsjo *|5a0^5 ]j^ooj ]ocnkX . ^ ^3)0 vr-*]-^ v>o5|0o . . lj-i-ij-0 \J^L> ^-»rki) )k0j'l oooi r__i_JL0].kDO .V>kX ^jXoi IZojZ]? ^oai-oakiZ oooi ^£0*0 ASd jok)Zo X&k) .^ooiX *.a.0.cp ]]o \]Zu>-*-k>X ,oaiX ]oau) ]^0 vi3p 20 ].«.i V i,o\ ^Qj] 5,-k» JjoIj .]Aj_» |kXA^-k> ao ,• » |]> 1j_lA0 ._»010klL£ 7o ^nrn i » i o 7QJl0*1O *.]jL0l0 ^Sd 1) MS. OiZ]q-ju-^£D (sic). 2) Read 3*}*) 5 001 1 3) MS. 001. 4) MS. «0^k*o. 5) MS. UXX0. 6) Read 30-»1 The last letter is not quite distinct in the MS. 7) MS. 0^1010. J. S. 5 CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYLITE. 39 In^oA 203rAZ| 1Ado33 1 (71-1.2)15 <_k>o \1o5 1x$ZA l-iloA |^nnm^| *-*5^0 ^oAjj ^3 1j ,00.210 .30X1 \\ CTLALo j-03 .loci 1-LO 1oiA\ -Ad 1kl*j3 .-aA^OO ,w-»001 ]ZqAjD : 1-0-3 TO Iv^j? 1SoZ.O OiAAq \OlA-»3 OOOjAo oAoA 5 •-] i ^QA 1y_»Ax : '(A^-.jJD IZa? C7La_AiD voctAoAo ^QoAojO 1aa»A^ po : l-A^O 1-a-J ^QA lyO^jO 1/lm,AjAaO ])Q1d|1ClO -.0001 ^jOjOZAO lAj_JrSD5 (7l->-OCLa . ^Zlo? ^_»oAo IZv-i? %o1 -I^oAd? I^oool V»ooAoo IZoA^oo ,^iOcn ^Ao V,.n iZuaXcLaZj 1Ao5 10 jncoZo \^_oZ ctiAao? * * 4oi5oiqj ^ooAdj ._A locn N , » Rvn.^ A SZ ]2oZ] ]n 1_*An_»3 ctAa^Loo ^ctllLd 1r^» CTLOLOOQ ,1jl1AO 1-iQOI? ]ZwaoA duo 15 1^0 .AA c Z I > 3 O Ajo ZA chZooo ;_»A^ XXXVII. .V-CQ-.J 01 Lao?; __>3 QJcn .V • -V^vr^ . l-i. Aln^Z .AA 5ll» \w-»Al ^CLLQO *OqZo .IojAAD ,_A0 *OqZ U^j]o -la^jjlo 1 ,ogZ ^qouAdo ,1jj^1? -iQi lA^uiokj 20 •:• 1o^»? oai ^-.001 ^,35Alo IZoZIoo |ol&o loiaA IlOyA XXXVIII. 5 013^3 l-j^Ao] Aa ^lolkA xCip. ico qjlIo \AtAo ^_»3 IoSq 1) This word seems to be rather doubtful in the MS. 2) If oAol5 be right, the 0 in 03fO)Z1 must be wrong. 3) MS. ^3, 4) MS. apparently OTJ 5 Q1QJ, or perhaps rather Q"U 5 01QJ, 5) MS, (Rj 3 r~y~> 3 •! 31 DENSE FOG AT EDESSA. ^ >„ooi ^jAoio ]ym\rKjQ H-kiiSoZ Za_» XXXVI. .^-ZoZ] U oiAjLi_o ^Ao ,_jAd ^lj] ]ao] ^octlZqo *|Zo?;AnZ> ]JV-K»b .-.OIO .^AijjkX) ^L) <-*.£) ]-kj0;.O vQ-OAd ^50 Zl»_Z>) *|Zo_k>Ao ^_a\o *.}n.Kjo55 ,qZa*j) |Lo •■«^i oo?!? .^d|jo *|aiZZ\> ctiZo.ia\ 'Z-.oai ^D?p . ] 7 n > m] aiX 5 *.'Zi_iOrA otjoC'5 Z;^1qo ]ai) .^>010,1-1? ^^->?Z «o^o j->Ao oai o^5]o .Q-» 01.0 ]AXZo ^j-Cqao :]?ai lAo*? JsQjj-O ,__»;_»Z ODOIQJ? IL^^jO OL^Z] OULk) ODOIQJ l-a-Lo^ ulQ^ !>qa .oiZ> *|oai A_»A ^._»^ZlD5 jnZAio .Zoai }_»Ab> ]vn]mX io ]] . |aooa ]L A.1IA? cno «-_>oai ^.ooZAo ^ ».i V vn r-»aiZi ^ocd i>Z> lalAi o] 3l-^ZZi o] I-kAo^ .*aiZ> 2*ioai A_»] ••)immn 4 * 6^AqZ> iQjJtfl) ]]] .010 ^O-kkJ? ,AO |iorA )jooi -_»q_oo .^__»0Ol JLU oio o] jjoai l5oiao O 01_i. o ]oai oow^jjj _.} ._»_i.» ]j.LdZ 15 j-.fO 1A_. ;oo 0*1 ]1q^0 5 oai M-.] Zoai "joiomlb \*joai A^*)? |ZZkK»5? ]Z^»] }L‘) ]joi ]k)a_»_o oio Zoai .ctliAa ]oai •.otsZAd? ciZaiki >ai 1?cno .IZjljjSoj "|5q-jlo IAaci^o *|Zo5ao aXoolnX Zo-» •.] i.Sb.o ^jlovo* oujoSqa? *|Zqj]oo .-jjoi jj.ovo? cTLijakiZ 7^ki-KjAo\ Zoai jo_*;0 .v^Sd ,_Ao 20 ,-So?. 2) ]ocn is on the margin. 3) MS. PAl °1 U^Oy 4) MS. 0(0. 5) MS. 6) Read 7) MS. 'idxuA, but marked as corrupt. CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYLITE. 30 lA±_»,io otX^5 .11i5‘P ^oiq^ASdjlJ .ocno) • • v ^olqAoo! 2 * *,__»]oo .^olib? ^Ojlo ai.0 *jooi A_»Ao .Zoai jo_i_Qai ^jZLqo I/Ljo-LI lAo ai\ ^(tl*o ..t±oo-£ »-• il Vk»5o] ^olL a.i? voji *oZcl-»o ]x^5qjd *oj-bo -.liAcuj 5 |j] i-r^cb? ocn jj, vo loai ]sbjo 1i5]J ^.SdZ loai 1o5otZ^ ]1da r-»Aaio .^Z^oZl ^oorro ^Ld p la-»5] v£aW ■Q^m IxTLCD A_*_0 "| 001 A-»l j-i-O^O oio ,—j.? »ooZ XXXV. 3Aj__»|oo loai \ijd A-i"j5j^Ao> .4-*-^£-»>l? li-oAk)? ^ • • * • 10 ^octujXjo? ]oai loan ato; oai R-.,-. |k>a_».cio ."Iocti As^k) m^xo r'n.«. i L-» coo *v >,V) i rrv> .lZ5a^A\> AZjo .lZa\ A^] ,_SoAd> «_*.j_ZA1d> oai U-ioo IZa^-j]] loai loai j-L^Jinjiao VjL^o Vr^v^ cno loai A.»l 11 ».. ^ro |kn po .aio loai 15 11Zjo5 tov^ 0001 *• ^-^K-»alD ^DO ^Aoao 6^)0 :1_»_^?0 Aj_^iX IZo^jI aa^2 ‘Aoj-io IAaoi? lloo . ] i .»..«. \ l_Lio^o yDO l001_»_Lo-1L^r5 IcDQ-^ ^.^kLoX : OOl IjOLCD ^_»_ki^d lAjtio-»Aoo IZa^^oo -.ooai ^oot^A-.! lAro5 lAX^jjo ^ooi^cdo odi Ijcnib A -»_io ^.su oo-^Zijslo ooai ^ol’Gl ^-*? «-»01 • w_>01oZq-kjZ 01-0 looi A^l> 1 • 1 V 1 ^ •> Zcoi *A\oj ^cQj.Z^ao.n-1-j? oai llocLk.o ..ZjaAidI 1) Some words seem to have been omitted here. 2) I.e., ^juDO or ^°> as Assemani has given, Bibl. Orient ., t. i, p. 270. 3) For A_» ]_>}£). 4) MS. ,_-*Ancm fjD> CU^O) (sic). 5) O is more recent. 6) Read'^Oj? 7) For ?.k> ]kA; MS. Cv_K>. 1dZ- 2D destruction of nicopolis by an earthquake. ,AoZ dia-^o :^AdAX ooai ^a-ovX? ^-Xa? 1?CL» OlXlD .,_X a_i_A,A^l oZI? ^OOT_>'r'£HjvjO .O^D^Z"| ^OlZ] OIALd CL^_X loan Aal? Sn.VnXnn : rD 1Aj_»jAd? jginm > *)] PI :]ZXa^ ^ooulo uta Po .#odi }a-XXr3 ?Amro ooai ^a.oAD?? .-^jlJV'^1 ^ » -*-•*] ra?Zo lAia^D? aiXa? 5 .oai lAa.ro? PaJX^Z ^Xsu -Ua? P»^£Ao? ]nuD • • • • 2 1 Aroo*j *Xi ^-icnQ.coZ-C? ]ro^ raa '^LdAidI >.airo ooai <_»_£Ad?? y-Kj ]aa] ._i_X wa-lA^I pLDOlO . ^Qjj Po 1aa.rO.lD? OlXa? aia.^.rD ./AXgu oiro? ] a.XX 001? P*lo?? ]jA-^? *-1^r-» AclZ? —»-X Ad]o 01X A^i^oZIo .wa^cua r^»o ip .^001 ^a.m^!o 10 oai l^iaa^o ..lAiajlo ) oai 1;.gL.»a.ro ,_jAroo .IAjl^jAd ,_2d ^mX .OlX Zilo|o —iAQA loai Zul? 001 ]aaP OlZ;_»Al ‘.Ol-^J? }jA 15 loom jo lAiayLnX ^>qajo .cnX Zoi^j? 'X&Sd ^X ^oqjd p 1 * * 4C7lJLaaDL»1o .lAj-ajloX ^aZIo 30010 ]S\ ^AO-QO .,-JAQ^D 1j » v^n U-j] e,_ jf-AO^O .OTa-lXirO ^OOtXd 5^.a-Da-.gQl ^aAalo .]L3] CL^ ,AO ^OOL^jOLJ? P<£> loOl ^pO . |Kq^O 1?oZo 1mZ.ro Z\a-jaZ ,Ao ]g)a.om.j.gp ^»oiCLa£)1 \,Ao (p 7) O is more recent. 8) If the reading of the MS. be really 1Z . . . ?, as Guidi seems to think, we must supply 1A?. CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYLITE. 28 jjpOOS ..IjOl (7i£_,5 ,__»3 ’*£| oo5]r0 XXXIY. . j-i_k)OTli» A J-J05 ]Al ,-_»__^JQ..Q 1 2 . '£QQ.^S2.S\ jxZAo rLo ^Zx txla» ^Ao ]r:5 ]ioo } i * • v |xoi loan <_-»3 ^aZL oj5|iD ]Inr^ ctlo Ax_»iZZ] ch-k~»v-» r—0 H>1? lxx->] .'iSoA-»'| ]x3] 5 .]xoj.rDo oai llcio oir^ 3 * .-*-^3] IAaZ^do VAq_o ,_->oi£do ..odi .<-£ oZ*| ^_Jl0 ,_Sd ]]> )£l£o ]jq.AZdZ ]xld-»o Z^2) l50TJ-£0 Zu^Z] ]Zoi-iADZ U1 \]j r-»~> rJJ _ -•jibl? |lD y-»'|0 • • • \ ' . j-JOl ]SQQL*.a CTLO ^OCJlIZxCUJ }_»33 ^ ] ASO-iAD-k^O Vi^^Lo ^±£>1 Ilqdj ^.£Ad Ijai «-iA I^AdcAd ]]o 10 lA-»joorro ^olo ^333 )IAd .J^oyD lx5*| _oi ^3 ^ALd] Aj]o -^ooiA-^jAd ^qZadAj 5 6 ^£^3 HA -*Ad p ^03 U^aZ U^u] .,-A-£$So ]otZZ\ _Ad oZ"| 3 AamlD ^x ]A-K»acL»ArD IZLlJ^Io . 3 Q~^ 3 jj^AoZo ]x5]3 }xo] j-j-O .-^OlCLCloZZXiD ^x 15 ciaZx^Zlj j-^jApI .’ZjAArdj ^ 301 «^)*j 3 .-vijalb ^juXoi y->] 3 yL}o >Z? 6 0T-t.£I)"| Zl» ^-.pKjZlo .]IAD3 |xclcAd A_»ypZlo ..]joi cnro *|Z^_»1 ^__»3 ZZ] . .V»;Ad ,-Ao IAj-jjAd iCQ.aZacl2i.Qj_j AXqjj ..IZjX? l-a-X- ot£d Aorjo ^ootAad cna^DD -AZAdl^o . }_»A\> cl-^Z^q 20 ]3axcdj ^Ad IZZj© *^AsZ ]ooi A_*1 3 1j_j.co.d1 os] .dijj'oAox 1) MS. *-a_£). 2) Assemani ( Bibl . Orient ., t. i, p. 269) and Martin have supplied 3) MS. Q_a-^], but the fem. is required. 4) Martin tv- 1?, but |j;.rd|3 seems to be actually -* y .. y the reading of the MS. 5) I.e., vo^3; 3 p. plur. fem. Perf. 6) MS. cruel AJ*. 27 BISHOP PETER. GOVERNOR DEMOSTHENES. LOCUSTS. v>^5|^ 1AJL_» IjCTL^ ^--»3 CTLO XXXII. ]ccno ] ^nm.i.^1 ]5clo ^i±JD ]jcn vn.eu ..y*Aa**> .Ux-iol? ]Aj_»3 cru?]! ^HDo]o .]^) ^CJICLsZXk* A_uTD5 ^CTL^AO ]lAO ^O^jjbAjJ Ij-Ll AOCOO 2. . . . ]*^> * *^> ]■• V?^Q *)Zq-k>-»_.*AD3 -ft-l-P 'ZlLO .|-kkJ5 5 ,__»3 . . IjV-^1 1?]x? ]£>;-» AdA ..|lQ-L OlZn) m i, nn^nn. ^AcqAq_»3 vjCtiq_£iZ^j ]ocno ..^pAa^oi *-»001 v— >-.CQ-LSDp -vAjLijiD) Iol^SoI vOOlZ^D 05qZjZ1 ooai ^iAoj .^ctud ll^aso ooai q.p_uaZZ‘| .]Zao^ ^oai^ A^obi 1 * * 4 *]Akio? lAn^v-Q ^ 3 . .->ai IZl? j^^lO *|Zaj]^5 ^3 ] A_»Q-KiZ .j.£qao IjLoiAoZ Ajl_» XXXIII. .l-a-Zlrp oJZ^ZAnX ]jcji j-L.oyo AjZx^Z] ]aiZZ\3 oai olo ^aAj? jk>a_» ]-&Ad> i^oi 1Aj_®3 ;._»] oo5]ioo • • • .}jACL»Z ^AD ^ZU I^LaO %Q-2U ..IZqjZLL _kj3 |jlx£ 3a>^Z\o ]]] . *—»_£) *| ]]o ooj^b U . ,ZaX ]Aj.^_^ ctlq Ao,Aoo 15 }^,.J ot-L5i> 1Ao,_j ^00 .5oJ4ro V? vjZ|^ olo . _»ai jjJx^ljano .ooai ,__.6ai ^5] u _b_jo3 ..ZoOl ..ooai ^-»6oi ]Aj.^>o3 ^Ad ]ZcL*-jy 6duo^-».^3 ^A^? .IjZqaocjo i?5zz y> 1) MS. ^OL^Ad ; Assemani, Bibl. Orient ., t. i, p. 286, has ^cn-^Ao? (sic). 2) The reading of the MS. is quite uncertain. Perhaps we might read « ,>.,\^. 3) The MS. seems to have «_4 crAo >3 UJcn j..»_^ZoC7l l^Ax .p-L^CDj (Iid] ,_1o ]AjL-»,iDX |Lda 'Alxsu |-L2cn ]Ak>a-»jD 'I^idZ? 5 J-Q^ZI .‘^OOl pj]? OT.LOQ-2) 1A_»AZjZ . __icnAliJo> .pAlo icoo^cojp p^o.^ *|Z*j ]Aa_» ]?cn.o ^3 ctlo XXXI. > i. • 'Loj'P 1,-kj UZbo] oooi looij i? pCTI locn U1 3Q-kkXo ^Ol5ol] ]oC7I P .^3^0 ^OJjJjAjO 10 ^cnj .2UAooc71)3 p^op ]A iZrLo ^aiZ^A P] ..pj-oa^) IPb ]^oi33 ..<_k-L» m-djP IpKj PaHo] ^3 ooai ..0(JlZ^ Ijaj^ 3Q.a.oZo .IAJ-i^Sd &i\d -Aj^O .. -■> V^A'ln \ • • .• V 1 ppy >,^o <_ocnj p pQ-F^o 4,_x£o .poJLpi po^o p^5 ,_Sd "jcnXP ^.jaLo p IZj^ljApo paSoikio 5ani?uo ^v^iSb p 15 ^-»^050 ^Q-j-^-CO ptfilD A-»_rA .plXkA ^mV.n^n pp. j^llo lAi-ijio^ 5qXlo P_id5q..o Voolo 11‘jpl-P ^OCTLjlIOj.0 <30X30 2,OOtZ<-_k> v » cn\nVnn 1A-3~>,1qo >.S;oAloo j-»AX 3CTL±2 r-»3OL_»0 *jAlnoo l^bio ]Sd#A V&^-^V ..IZqZ^Zi ,Ao Aoilo IZo^A^-o VI .*|AjAb ol^o ]ooi *jZvj.lb uij| j]o yOAkoX oocji V? . ^oot_»ctlo1 5 IZo ^1^.10 OOOI ^OOuAj] 4 *]_£qZ301 *o] 13003 .0001 ^jLolo .^Zoo) ^-luZ^Ol ]j_doio 4-tkvo V3-0403 ,*lAj__*rSD3 cjuijoioi oooi ]]o -CQSVb? Vo ^QOl03 _a_j] ] 001 AjAo .#|A-»0;.0 0001 10 "H o cn. » | >.i£oo] "jooi ^nnAcp] w_,oi5olo s.cil too .]Z^3 • • ._»oiqXi V^nk)) ^Amk) ,_ko ^_»A_»3 odi /^ank)? ^_»A.» ]o^j* |joi ^oankn ^Zlb 6V • JZclloZAclo 6"| VV^j ^ooi\ u-iaZ» ..oiZoj.Loujj.kio ]oiZZ\ VI .koo_» ^ ^q^oAjj .-^ooi-L Z^L ol\ A-*!^ IZalkj-^ -*A-» 15 ^mkD33 7]Z5a jbl& Axno ^ZjlZ ^ .^oolXqa. .<-SoZ V IotZZn? OlZaOU_£ rxS^O \£12 R'|A_i_^0 .joAo cl^Zi .-oxo ]ooi A^l VZ.^£o |Zlj] ro ^-iD;A rD o^oSZl? ^>Z J VI v yOOi-iLo oA^Ad Vo oxo v-l.\ZZvLo jOO -] An Aj^op ti’Ao lAZ^o-oko? Jlo ^Lo 20 jjaro a_.ai’ZZ1 ..oiZaojokZ^ ]o\o V^ ^oioo.^ ,_Lo 1) Read ^__»_j*_i_oZi ? 2) The MS. seems to have <0Ol_» ^ ^ »- > (sic). 3) MS. OlZ^O. 4) MS. "j.^0301. 5) For ]jlj* 6) A later hand has altered this into Vo. 7) MS, IZsZojlO. Read ]Z5a^oZ? s) ms. 1a44»-o. J. s. 4 CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STY LITE. 24 IciQJ ^nJO Ol\_»3 1 2_Jr^O^ ^O'JD ']Zclclo ^qtco .|.QcLaJ0)O • • \ • • |]o upojp jZrop _Ab ^op .ctllId AlA *aAoo .aAmaa • N • ."iZAjop |J 5 0TQ._^-O l,.a,.10 vaoZjOJ .. A-4-»A.^ OlA ]lA^.oo oocn ^-ijoZA *aA 3"jZ]A^.£o "jZdro^ "jAAi "jpoi <_Loo 5 "jAaoj-Lp "jAAa_, ^ooAd A_.|aj_1d] ]oai «aAJo .axa ^Jrio _A_» ^jAopo }j:Lol1o "jp aid) A_»_roro .•^ai~i_kxA_£ 4jkAA_£ cAjAZlo . |lp |A*p "fAo }Ap .^qj") 5 * ^50 ^ooiALp cnA aroAo -^oai^ioiA Al liAao aojjbZ] ..airoZZ") |Jo ^jA :«£) ^.JU-iB. .Idjj ^.Lo j._i A_» qjo ZA)p ,__,p 10 G. iaA ]x5Z ZaA ocn A^A »p .a_»5A_»"|o 4._»oiQlor.Q 2or.o 7Zooi |1q^.j»53 t-uAcA ^ooZ "jocn Ao r.aao ."jiaaLip 8|n^juiD ZoA Q-i_j_oZxA :}_Llj£>3 )jloi • • • lA-a-ro^ ^ai-^Xda ^ocjiZdx^ 'A jjLlbol r_A’Z ooaip . .9|mis 1-a.Scuj ^oaia ^Aaii p "(nAZ^ 15..Aocn ^lArok) ,_jAgi po .^»Zo 1 (LaZlo Z Zjl_® XXX. . ono vrLopilo "jZa:£i.i.»o p "jAdiAZp ocn "jpAp jj_rci iaoZ |Ao giqA.l 1) The MS', has J>o}.COO, and the first letter of ]Zo «n q is not distinct. 2) The MS. has which I have altered with Martin into = ^__»5qAA> TTpaLTuptov. See chap, lxxxvii. 3) MS. "j)o._^.£Q. 4) I have followed Martin in adding this word. 5) The MS. has QJpO. 6) MS. Aldp ^Lj'Z, but the first "j in is a later addition. 7) Zooi is repeated in the MS. 8) This is the reading of the MS., not )^a_x_£D. 9) The plural points are wanting in the MS., both in this word and in 23 BISHOP CYEUS. GOVERNOR ALEXANDER. ■il*i«^rk>? ^ lioao-o feoyA *|Aci-»50 ]A^o^5 01r.K»1o .CTiAdoA ^ubZlo C7l.SL.2U ZaO* -Ad }-*-aU 001 *|Z] . . . J v • cnA ]ooi y-x.a\? ^orLo .oir_4^ oai 3 oai IjjAotd? ]-»o,\2> qAdAio') Ijai ]Z1 f_»_roo • IctlZZs? oij~»uo^ ]ooi 5 U1 ]IdAj ai.^5 ^Lo? ^ai lyjo |r)riD50 .A.»]AA5 }oi^A ZoA ^.ju^^ASoo ^_»cai .ooai ^jASo ]2)|ii ]^5o3o .oooi ^-iAd] ^ocn^v— .Aj_^£d ]Zaj.Jio l5a^o ]Auo ]Sncn *jO 10 ]]ZL^£05 jilio 1tl2U5 odi IoId ^..>5 ^iZ] ]ju-i ^_>5 ]oai .l^janroo ]A_L_*fLao ctlo ^Aod-) .or2Uu? 1Aj_JrSo —AAA J^2i1jO •■l^-am^.2}] l5aa ^*kA \ • • • • *> • ^ ^j-LQu-OoZAD 00015 .’ill) — Ajibj |-u]] ]Vo]rD) 4?oi.ib ,_Sd r^j5 "jjj^o^ .‘vOoirD o.«,VA V>\ ]k> oijo 15 ^5 Iaj^Q^oI . ^OlOjZjiO 1 2]0Ol s£L£l^-i ^OfLo ^01_» ixllso <_AjO ^oi^o 4r-*--2L» ]_»A0f.Q -*oA ooi 3}j-_»5o”j5 ctA-Ltd •112) lyjLo oi A 5 oiAdoA U]o .jjaki^n sdcl^ddd] r_>5 — »3A»1 XXIX. lAj_jrL05 jiocL* 3^k»o .]Aj_» *] 50i5 cfikAa^o *ODo3fj_cciriA 20 lO-gib]^ U.k)oP vjOO 1 ,--iZLo5 4lA^A^O ; n Vo \|lol v^n 1) MS. ^j-LqCdAId. 2) The MS. seems to have ] r> c*i m-> Zooi, or perhaps Zooi ACL2LCD5. 3) Perhaps corrupted from UA5o], Aurelia. At any rate, it is the name of a woman, not of a place. The word is unfortunately no longer legible in the MS. 4) We should probably read ]AiilZ*Ao. CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYLITE. 22 ’IAsjqoo IAXXao ^ocn ^jiuaAo Aj1a»u«2i_» ) • v ” i ^ ^ocjuloi^d 1a5*|3 ]j|£do .-"jocn A^>J I^Ado :*._»oci ^.1-^.dd ^ooiXXkjj ]fjoro ]Aj_urk) wjJlq? ^octi^iid ..ooai ra_^5ALo jJA3^2>ZAo ^Zo-^d po . A-»|^^ q_1-»;1qX oocn a nma 5 ^ojuAo laaZX? cnAr^anoAo *^2)| 'Xaj ]A_»5oZ U^l ooai ^otljA-i] 2 . X°? 1Zqj_*Ao ailos ]]] .Zocn ISjA^-Lo > %a. .aco (J po .ooai _j_XaXjZAd *jai-^Z»5 Ijctijqaioo .pool a.o t-^Z] *.ooai ^xii ]j_X.^o l^mo jjiX>Z ^oaiX 3wjdi.-^Ao "jAoo^ ]loaj .-icnoAj'jj :Aa_i_.*53 ]jcn |kxi j.id 10 aXjlo 1-^jdALoo cna r.Q;Ao3 .-lAa» jjcn ]rlA p ..^-uiAo ]X 1—3 cn ]?]a5 ai^]] ]Z]l-^.£o iLpo ^Of^lz.5 1a5Z ^Loo .Aq.jj.id 1Zu__.j1q.o aaa ]ocn ZL_X yj 'Xl 11?] ^Xa ^octiX *.j6ai ^po ..lao? 1a5AX |Sopo vj6oi \.Lo .^T L3 p UX-A-O CTlAaDD Xa AQ £D .^OIJ 15 ]Aj.ddOjA:o 1 * * * * 6]AXiL 61ioq.-*ado %£Do5aa.j »^j]ao ]a.4rb]a larZX ,-Sd IZjqAojZj ]Z] ]jcti ]a^o5 rJj Xx^o .]Z|Z1.^cd uij-r^X? oai .^oaiJoanX? o_*] -Z;.aAdd1 ^.Ld *0^5*1 fcXk) *cdq. ±^^±^SDajD Iatdq-^3 IX^v"! 7oir-»t jloa_, Iadch wooo -Ir^ lASo] ^X) |Xb-»5,Jl? oiX^j cnr_>l 1) For ]Zol^£D. 2) Illegible in the MS.; Martin supplied ~|ZQr^->-ZXiDCLQ. 3) MS. ^jCn^Ao. 4) I believe that we should read .DQjjAQ-^X lf..oZA03. See my Catalogue of Syriac MSS. in the British Museum , p. 335, col. 1, i. Perhaps we might venture upon a further alteration, and read ]Ado,jO « ( ^ cn£j ,.0;Sdj. 5) MS. originally .rin a on. 6) Road 7) MS. cnJrJla. 21 PLAGUE OF BOILS AT EDESSA. Uo ?£0 ] _»5 Q.JS ’'ZaAQ ]Aa_» 1?C71 ^SO * ^ ■% .^Aiod wjOOI? UoZlo .•‘(Aj-lnLw .* 2^Z] oidpd Ulado. Jv) jjoi |-LC)|rD ]ooi ^,->0 XXYI. ^5 "jaiZL .oocn 3<_j]_l.-^-£q ..^AZLajj }joi5Q.ao <_.»3 "| A_»| jo.L0 . _ ^Qjo|jO ,0 JT._»0~lZ;. jo 4vq.iooAj3 }o..£ZdA> |a^3 5 pj.105 . oidpd ctla.^Ld }Aood-»o CL.^^. ™. ^_ — — 01 , * ). .* — roy-^.P3 IAIoZcla j-^roo .^ZqjO..^ Uiad ,_oOjdj ^Zca^a) ^0 Old A 3 |aAo]o IASdZoD ^1a£0 ]lQA3 *Ald]j . "| 50i IZajoAad) aAdro ^ootXd .a^v>j ]-».aIaa> Id)] _o001 ,_dp;lQ0 ^ZjL-ijlD *.djLO ^OOldAA) 0001 |,P.duO 10 A_»| .|Aao13 |Z].jo oooi <_j,aiao .]1^q1d ,_j_dsoo ‘iU^co? . ’ 1_^LO_k-» o] ]Ajod_© "jooi ULoALD ^Olln_*CL^OldA3 ]jyjol ^_o3 jjyjo] Ao"|o . voot^-Z.^3 |_» A jo Ado ^ooiodl? Iddsid |lorA .*.ooai ^-jboi ^ooiodbjdi ^_!q (.jo pjo^p |Aojo3 IAajoZj ~|p]a ]J ..Zooi ]j_^db ^octl-Jia3 ]oiZL) ^_j3 oiZapij-d-^ 15 a. |ajo5q.£0 o] |Loq1D ]Jo ./j}j.^QD ]j-P1 ro^ ]coi ]q_q1d ydfJ ]ZdjolD3 ^aOiAlociJs <_£)] yi .}lp_aQ^_rj |ooi ]ocn oooi ^xOaAji2} }Lo]-*.J^±S2 ]lZ)?oi \lAlndaoo 5Ao ^ooi ,__»3 0001 ^-j-AP3|1d . | ^OOlA-a-lCLaZ} *jAoo..a_jo ^Q.dldj3 .^J lyiAQo li.AorP |d-d ^-Z’r^o ^AdZ ^oi5o]p) ]jlpi ]joiro 20 rJ) ^cclaAaa® i>ocij.rD .Maa»o "|]1qjlLdZ Aa.» XXYII. vootZ_a!a |j.Sq_» ^_Sd 1A£l£ pP .'l 301 *| Aa_» 3 *joj._»|.A) \* • _ ,£ID . as suggested by Martin. 4) MS. vglpAj3. 2) The context requires 3) MS. rJ]L^i» (sic). CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYLITE. 20 yi vqj] y ..^octljlSq r__*_LZ’| po .^ooiSnx CrA ,OOTU ..^OOlA *|5qjA U^lj .^OOlA j] p ^ocriAA^j ,_Ad vqjcho .IjAoooij J>q.L) |j5riLo ,_lD )CLO ]ocn 1 * j_L£D .^m^^Z] oocti \ 5 y»cn jj*| r_»Ax ^.»ctll£4£> .Jj_1docji>5 )lDa_>jAiZ .•^jOIJLOV^ *j001) ]Zo[vrLoo] IZoZ] ^ ^ Actio :^oAd] Lp& |j^a_»o "jjZalD Ao f^ao Alo y?o . w_»ZAkA ai\ jj] ]jL£iLb 2 ^.->ai > \x A—l-^ ^-laZ-Q ]r_»A |AL*A jail |j] i>CL»5 ~(cn .JAju^Z UjlZ_^ "|ocnZ 10 ]-Lr^AZ diAo ctuAd Id Aio .-,_»y.2AD p |j 3 50.-12) ]j.Aa.£QlD wjA ]oC7LJ ]c7lA rD .cfl2> jAAxdIj ^OrlD • • • • 15 cnA^.1 Ai .*cDo5rimAZ\> L»o yiailoZ Aj__® XXY. • • • smb) y->) ^Axjo] 4A_>jn.ei£Q .^Zl 3j-m>1?0 . 'A.scn ]A_Aj»Z ^.AotA ,_A] AoAb 1A-»jqJ4.£) p •*vao'| o] ]j] jnZAx I^ZiA rJj ^oHjlId .*|A!Ad> ]Zqjo_»51 ,_1jd AjdA? U°r^-! i-Afj? N: 2) A^\ . ^.uOTJLLOO .>A-kk2L»] 20 ] ^oai2)5 ^Xo ]A_».J>j*io .jAd Ld ^octujZ ZcA 5i_iA id] ^ZaA ^ i A] Ai )_»ai .oAro-oAro] ^Aicn 1) Read •piLi'l 2) MS. ^OOl-A.1. 3) Both Martin and Assemani, Bibl. Orient ., t. i, p. 266, have |jl2l_»]o. 4) MS. ori¬ ginally A_>|n^2lID, but corrected. 5) MS. o^Afiol , but the sense requires w^'rJL Aid]. 19 ZAMASHP. KAWAD RESTORED. ]oZAb ZqZa .-]_»-Jocn Aj.q1 *0;.ao oiZqalAAd ^in» -.^cn oi\ • • .IZo *joai ^cnoA_*] ,o oiZqZ^ ocn .^»cna^j*j i-^aVdi 1-ijD0?aa w_l mn<^\ ^ZAd] XXIV. Z^ cfi^Zulj ]ZAj*| 1-l.jooi A_i.o> 01X ?Q-o ^5 ocn ^^idZ"| OT— 5 oai ,_SdAZ> AjA}A_»1 oiA^ w_>cno .oiZlk» 5 )o\LhZ> ] « ^ ..Zooi di-»Zu] ]oZ>k) Z;A25 ^Aoo ..-icnao)] 50-0 ,_AdAZ> *OjA jOO .*|Z;AO CTLlAO CTlX Zooio .Zoai I-1-J0015 ^A^Z]? Zoai ro <__»5 ocn 01X ctiAaxtl* otaLo ro .]oai 1 2|oioLo ^oioADy-O 1>oq. xloo ..]o!Ak:Z> _dAjo ]jL£:50^ ^0-4aJ UVjj m-»] :]j35Q.aX arX ^Aj5 10 \ • • • * , m 3q.ai |] U— ^oiqAq-k» <-Ad cn\ axtuZ'Io .oiZooZAd ^Za *-_»01Q-k>1 MkA» .Jj.£DV^)5 |a3|J *|Zjj5 ^AlO rOO .^j-o5 y_»] • • • • • • » • Iaojoj-X ^4-^° -.otAj-A^ jAq-^ooio .^cnoSDpO <-So *_i.a_»o ^OjAaAj^j y> on ^5 .>voai\ l-»?alo4^ ^^-»o ^oooij r_.5 ^ >vao5p Ia^alo? ^qj] ^^Aa ^ocnA^Ai^o oiZ> 15 IZjio ^Ldo )jAdoci55 }a3]J otIoa ^ciZaj __».aa> orX ^A 5 ,-->5 }-»-- »,-0 .OlX aki!A-»]o 1-I.J0015 U J-U jO ^5 1-i-Z^ .ronA-»1 ^qjoi A)] ^jZaoi vAa» ro . |Aa3 IZa^^a-K^A •l-i.ioooi'j Aqa ,aiaAoZ> r^Z'A |a^.05 20 • • • * • jkAA55 :ooai *j55 rJ5 IjuALoj] .oiZcaA \.a ioZ] ^-AD 0001 0^0. A 5 ]3qJ5 ]Zao ^aJOl ^gAo ^OOlAlO Vini/\ 1 ^i-0*|o U— t-ftAO ^5 001 .OtX ^ClAlO A_*-J 5 QAO^y .AQ_>,.Q 1) I.e., V«JSOl5t0 , Trapprjcria. but the O is later. 2) MS. 'bsAkJ. 3) MS. CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYLITE. 18 ^tuALo |L o]~kj *o :)-lX05O£)5 |Aj}ro *oo 2 *UjolQ-£ \\v . \m oooi 1 —^\^Lo .^oiqXl ctliId .ooid. > ^AAo ^_4rbo ^ZlkJo .^OTiro oooi ]lo$ ]5o-4 x » o\mo *|5Z] ^IjlciXo Vijunolo Iv-^Zuio ^oai_.jr»o5 |_o'clqX 5 *C02>1j .-CJlX 0001 0l2oo\l03 IjUj k2i) ^OlOpi] Aj--k»2j *Oo2 1.j1o.£ .^30-^03 ^OOl-i-ii-jA ^qjoi c£)"| oooi ^--L-m-x-^.1-0 .4oi2ao\l03 12oX^Xo q\^ jO .^ro'jao? l52*| oiAioro ^OOlXj_w ^1 A-i-10 ^)] ]j^l ta-KK^ ]jai j-LORO <—>? ^CLO XXIII. ^ • 10 5^1 o ..vqjl_05 oi2cl1d 5Ao ;-j-^ Viafiol • • 1-»Xooaij |a_»] }od.lo ^alo-L.nj 5, m^nn v^k>*33 ;,n.CO >rO )_l1D0013 A-i-OlX lr^l 5g-»0 .Old, ^Z)] .|_»3QODl ^OT-lA^ 0001 ^<01 ^\SO .|o>Ol3 OlX 15 5,_*_Lo IZ^oi-uO) 2A-»jlo)3 ooi .1? .aid. ckkX_» ^cDo^mj] joXio 12o2 l. >■> w ^Tir_-» y ^-4^ <->? 0 ->*2 yi }j] lodio .‘j-iJQOol? ^0^010 ^ i..m \2? 1 .1 V?001?3 .30^3 OU~i_l3 ^.OLb21 ^-kOOl v »-\oi.O .|-fc-QD3Q-2lX & *0)^k»2]o ..}-»3Q-Co] 0-».O3ll . >-■. >;.X ZuZlXcO ]] mAn - • • • * 20 U-O jo 5 .^OOlAjd.k) ^_»0tXo 3r__irn_»0 i-QxAjo .n\(\n? ]r> 53Q-o\ ^->QT->-ja!2^oj3 l-tfnno oooi 4*ol*-2j2] ] » ,_>> A-1^21 jOO ..}ou.oai ^oiooodkuo l]io_£ ^aioyjooj 1) Read ^__»_\-i-o2o'? 2) I.e., AjJLO>3; for Aj] |X03. 3) I.e., ^.jpQ-iO. 4) MS. Qj0uujsi2], but the O is later, 5) This word is on the margin of the MS. 17 REBELLION OF THE ARMENIANS AND KADISHAYE. ]] 0 *.15qjA 0001 |]? ^X 01JL^\a-» A-x-k»Z? ^ZXxlo? ooi . ^q.a.0 13? ^1? .otZi^»Aj> jJ] :|x>oi> cn\ 3r.i . |jja2j ]SDjA ]j*| 3r-fl_lo jj] Uo •. \js> ^xlDrn ]ooi ^•^oA So 3 }^r—F^ ^OX A-*]? l^V-C U^I r-»5CLLl U "j}j__^_.£o :>qxo .-akZZro ^»^oA Id? ^aio 1 }_i.AjlAo;^5 ]j] ]oo5Ak)o ]_»_loooi5> *|ZqZLu-kj jj] %nsi» ]Jo w_l.X0Z] Uj : ?CLO? 01r_»l A_i_kjZ) ]^lD'i) _»5 ^Lcl» rx XXI. |A£) i.nxo .a\j.jL»Z]o cidcZLZj . }-»_SDoai3 <_lo ]kA-» oiZ^ A»cL^Xq\ ^\^ibo Zi o oi_L .^oiqx^j^o oiinx |xi^5 ^X)Acoj ]L . vaj] ^rxnj ]]o ^.xixA-ffl-j ciX? ^_»] |]? ^X OlX ^AjXS ^_uX01 ,-~fcZx>] .v^f._^L0 |jJD5(X0 ^0X5 y? |xx)5 U-y yCi\rXi . |r^oi5 ^oi_» 15 y] .ai\]oai 3?A-*-Sd |m_»_XLXO ]x_s_^s_.o ]coi ]xd ^j_^qZZ\ ^■X-Jl-a-XZ .]-^r-° ^ ^>01^0 tXXjX) ZqIDjJD OTX_lX3 4_ju_«xb octd ,_Ld ^A-*5 l-st-i^xlnmlQ IoiZLj oiZoxjx ^x <__»> Wo_Xj ].oo .-)xix2 ^aidjcooioj w_»oiaZx i^A-aXo • IotZL ZlX*j?> V-3ol |x_»_x? oxcooloj 20 o^k) 1 2oir_»] Aju-k»Z5 . .Aj] ^mj? ]£d5’Aj> 1^015 cnZ ]ooi A_iA? o ^ ^«-Z..cz XIX. ^j-ob .jooZ <__»? ]_®q!_^Ad .^gi-^-LuL:d 4-fc._»Z] •. cnZaZL»„»^\ 5 jj-roj? ]ooi ]i^o .‘vOoi-lJEqAqj ]oai cnZ ooai ]]? oi^j po .IZa^rakxL lAj.Zj.lnzL naj-Zzo ^ .mn <^i \ ^o_»_iD *jo *. «._»oiqj._»_.l 5qjLo *._»aiO,.-K>1 OiZqZZ_i_k» • • • • <_1d cnla* 2^j^Z13 oai -.^cnajZj 10^3 ai^. 3omZ Lql ]^j-o VL.il? fcai Q-^oai? .]_ujooi A-»_zl loan ^n.aXoLp? 10 ll-»-^0 1j._^A_»1 .]rXT!3 OlZ ^D0T_»Z] y? ^4lo .'"UAdooi? 1r^_»1 |^Lo po - }—cn? aiZ 5r_a-j? ^_,*| |nV^)3 C7i^n_.y to5 rjj V pO .JHQ^SDj] 013 Ao ^Zk>1o ^QJl A_i.lO |_.5o£D? 1-i.JLa.^jy loan? |_2Zl_u>q._» ^ll :ctijAo joqZ. l-urozann 1^-.] ctlljoI JLOQJ IZa^ju^lja^? OlZ oj.Zj .]_»_lD00lV3 ]Zn oAVnn • • • 15 ^^L-O? ]nZln\ £o|ioZu o] .1rZ_l3 001 tool? ^1_ffl_J0 • • • • l^iaj] |LclL_»?o ]a_i— » ? jllb? cnZ ]oai |]6? ^Z_kjO XX. ,_!d 3Zl1A_kj? ^ai oiZoj^jjiO) 1Zai-a-_.^ro ctlIql I^jo ]nZA03 cnA-i-jJAZ ^Lo;1d jlDU.3 (lino .’AsctuZI cnZ ]cnZZ\ Nl 1A_*J501£l» ^..aiaZilD Mln_» ,n __.? ooi .noa^mjl |aAq_.tiSo 20 4lZoja^DJ iZj-.jJ ^QjuTDjoi^ Zj-ZiJO :] » .\o ^iCTIQJI ^ ^lZ_0 :lSj> Uj ^-.OOlJ? \zi Zlb ]?01 4...01? : 51±ioA-a?3l? j_,j_oAlD3 la-J-k^y G^-a_Jo1?0 :^)ZoA^.J ^ » \ .] «.aJlZdO 1) MS. ^?1 2) For ^.J^ID?Z1?. 3) For A_»1Zr pi^sj . 4) MS. originally lA_»a_^l0) , but corrected by a later hand. 5) MS. ^LoA-a??!?, in the singular, apparently. 6) For 30. 15 ILLUS AND LEONTIUS. BALASH. I^jZLkkXo ^ooiZoX a^£D5] td .'ZlkkAqI* ^octiAolj ^.AO 1 2A-kkJ5 m Abo ». > aj,a.j'| ^ V i. iO—» . 5Q.js>Zl£D 1 j] i^OjLao *coo.ZL Aj-0,2^ .|.lielk* ,0110 ^0] -.lim^j ]A0O55 otj-j_05 ^5 ]Zanmi ^-£Ao ]ooi ZuA V»^ol ]r_K> ^ p]o .Zocn ]?;1qAq A_»1oi_^AdZ I-.Z*] 5 oocn |] di0) ^annu) ^j'jZj ^6i .oil 1o\cm vjusol p lU-^co |±0)i 5Ao ,_Ao .cnZaij^o ^Ao >] ,_Ad 0oaZL A_i_0)5 ^ ]ooi jlsj *.^i k>o-»? oiAkj^ .. >1? m ynn^nn .^_i_dAD3 ,0 «.-«.,'Q0Z1o ..^OOlAaij |_»,Z] 3«nm0Z’|o .^qjI AqZ^»"|5 Aai ,oot_»:>Z 3^4-°Z,| 10 Ajuio ]ooi A_>] ln-KK^ <__»? |joi . ^ocnAai} ^0? •IOf.0 .-*_AocLkjD ]_»_ADoai'i 'Ikl ,_Ao? yj\ s^L»] ]Jo *^qZ1j 5A0) ,_Ao XYIII. ■ w-.CJia^Z.^ j_»_£D5CL0 ^Ao] ^OlOaol .jlo .2^61 A-i.0) AorAoo AcuZ5o |0_i_0Ad ]^^^oioA_,1 |joi 15 |] ..]_i_j'oO!5 ^_Ad 4|oj~kj O105]o . ^.0-®| y }j_£DJO0)5 •0. lolAol ^OOl 1AQ0UO ]jy£DQj^ 1^005 ^AAQOLkkX i_0i-»_»L. v2)]) ^Z\Ao] jdq.0i-> ..^ozdjj I01AO p *0] .)0yrjQ0 .^oia^y? oi\ ]ooi y AOjAoj l-355a0 | >,k)ooi? Zal> ^.Aoo ^l^Aoo .-]0)Oi3 01X 5^? ZaX 5r^ 20 ^4Ado : w_»oioA_»1 ^y0 *cdoZL A_i_05 lA^^oj V , )-i3a-a-0 ^ooiJ-A d looi 3?A_»1? odi j^aijZA, *00 Z ]oai ?dik5 k, v •,'|0Cn ’U.£0'ra Aj^3 ,-ioZj : 5,OanZojO;lDJ 1) MS. oZu^kiX. 2) MS. Aj^j]j. 3) To both these words 0 has been added by a later hand. 4) Read *A0^ 1 5) MS. ^pClZorilO), but corrected by a later hand. CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYLITE. 14 ttVn • JD *CQ_k.AjAo *CD(lZk A-»_m __*5 __iAoi XYI. . ! ^ • v • v t ■l»-«nn„ Oi-n_»_mlnA oocti <__k._KKHA.lD ]J> .aAuj iDo Z oaTj]o .lAj__»rlo ^OTlX Z]o .dcqZZv ]ocn oiLq_»? ,qgtA-i5 <_1d v-a-j]] 5r_»o .)_kkJ, iol Z, ^25 ]5au Aj-h laA |a_>.jo^Ao IdjZ o^lo orAnciaA !>ao _j) .w_»cn5o|n ]Zq dAIo • • • ^ 10 oOIQDDj yo i ;0;J3> JmnVii *1 liQj ;_|J0 .’|Aj_._rl0J .2<^Lq1 \Q_l;Jj * * S *_X21 ...£Oq22\ Aj-OJ 0\lClM Ijcn ,20 XYII. ^AALD *1?01 ^a_wD aa,2^ ] 11 0 . <--L-KtQ. i \ Ihj-QH .5 6 01.^0.10 .5A_»1^D^<_HkjO_» ,o:n_A.An 15 ^j-j-kDaId U,n .qjoio .ciAj._»i.1qA l^nZ] ]j';-^l° V • V • • ^ocniaA ^A^lj <__iA.»P Ofn^mlnX oocn •loan w-»c71oXd VVvV <_1d ZaZ>1? och Ij-CCLkkA* %hioAj®]o ^5?! ]]o ,ocn5An ^))5 <__»5 .IOj-IdAdh *h]o w»ykj 7 . cnA l;._»o .^qj] 20 1Lk-^»A oj„» . 1_L£d.jo5 cnZo>£Qlo oocn 8_-*-ZnZ) ^iAIo __»> 1) So vtlie MS, Read ej «£dqZZ\ .oiZ .^xn.iZ'lj ]L^oj • • \ • .-^oio/ZtiD ]]_i_.^.£o lioai? ooi \^orAD -j *cq_*.-Zj-ZZ cnm^£)]o . . >mn A^m ^ai^i ]ooi ]ro^ oiAZ^Adj 5 *|Aj]od *-2] aiZ "jocn ]clZ>.Lo ro .ailox 3^Lqjo olZ ]oA^_J5 • • • • ^coaZZ ..^Q-t.^ZZ] ]jcts roo . va_L_»i ZaZ? l-i-ioccn;o . >;Aqj> ]oan o^olsiAd ]i oio ? Q~»^ZrO .au-i-i^ 1q.jZj> oocn j_iib aiZ cs|> ^Z^Ao .oiAoq_lq ooi ^ZAqj? U^o N • • . ]_*. or JUt-1.3 Z^Ado . oiiooioZ *UAdooi? 10 • • ^cdqZZx p •. llQja-o *qq^j}] ^.ZAbj XV. ,*“ll • p j-j-j ^-- i i •^>1? '. "|Zq£2 0 |j^£0jA^ «-»oioA-»1 ooi ^^QJUlZ ^.op) ooi ^ ]ooi ^_a._Z»AAo *mj_£j]lZ ^oiajA^ruj OlkL») J-Ki 1^-v^ ^OOlZ "jooi *£L».£U1 oi3AinroZ ^ctIoZjoiZaa ^ooiZcio, obi A-g^v^ 15 A^A1^1°3^ ..12a ZZAd ,oarZ 33A_»Zj'Z&Ad . aid’ll jlQ-Zo ^oaikiL ^aAo-t-OJ? ]]_l.^oo |^oi> Aqa> .]_i_co3a^) ^o3j-flLj ]j3?cliZ U-i^j 35 r^Z ^-»-Z_/| Za_ MAa* fD ^_-»5 ^ajL^i .^ootZ U— Aqa ,qjl_4X .~»aia_»-A?aj> ^_»"| .•‘iZo.o.Xv? A_i »,Vn\ 17*) IL^UJ OlX ]o.^ . ■ >mn.^\An.ii ^Ao j-kXa fn.f5 .^-^5Z1d *jZo-nX^n\n 5 cnX j-Q^ZI? oan ]oai H_i_^cd IZAdcX too *£DaZXio cnro j]o aUf-AamX 01,-j^Ico .ol*_k»AqSqX ctiLd_»5]o oi.si.a-.co ^ki»o ..__»XX2) ^_.cn _L_j^lO -.^COoXy 1 * 3^o.£Ll£U) }_>Xv£) ^_Lo P-KJ .iCoaZX? aiJ?y cfinmao .. airX| Ld }.2i_^co Xeuo ..oia5,.cd 10 oiA.l_® ..,cdqZX ZoX? cnXciJ jco^Aj y* ^sb ^._»1 ^clM __>5 ^_ioi .4yia_» y ? mA g^.n» o XoA.»Z} 001 }-kkXj23 Xl ,n^ \ • • • • xO\*j Uuoo .aiPn^ .qjl_»i? ^roj3 *coaXy oiZr^i ^A_» ]toi w»Z\Ld]3 . Ui£D rO . ^aj.i\jy Aj^jo . ^oAoZ ,_Ad .1Zqjli5ql2iX v^^oAj 15Z1 oiX 1ooij> 15 viX? Xi :*cdqZX ^Ao ]ooi 'X&So <--»? <2J_-*1 XIV. ,_KJ.X_®0 •WMJ L-o Uj] ctZqX 5 r-s . . cnZo.a > «o ] oai ^Ao AaX qXj .-Vmo5 ctlX *qq_2U> y»->] aiZoX iQmj? aiX .]oai jrb^ aiXXnLoX *y ooi .001 *(1cj f_iAco*) cnZaX . >mn j.j.^j.CQ.iD .o^Cl-®'j y ^2;J5 •CDoZXj U-^O cnJUu.S^Xo 20 5fJ* ,__»5 Ur-^-X .oiZoX cnjpQasiX mLoZuslJ? ]r^ yo •.^cq_i_Xj'P 1ocn ctlLq^j *mXXX-&£o] <2-M -_»oiqXa .oiZaX u-iaiaj_n£Qj X-uAclo? oi,-CL0o .._»aioXl A-^Z* U, • • • • * 1) See the same form in ch. lix. 2) MS. 3) MS. originally _jl^2lQJ}, but corrected. 4) MS. yo|-». 5) This appears to be the reading of the MS., though is not quite certain. 11 PEROZ, ZENON. BASILISCUS. ILLUS. A_4_»o? ocn oiAXloo .g^.-.okA ^ilo ctlX ♦-.OIoAjA Z;,n \ jOO UX1] >*-*1 ^-*3ZAL05 U>-i__®3 p .oiro AjASdA-b] IjZ^Ljo t-Lol ..oiAj^jg-b] ]Jo oiA^Abo oAd 1^oJ.^»Z'i ]Zuy.g «..*-.^A-B"jo ]ro^o "jooi y i JAOOjA jlOAO . OJ. dA_b] ]]o «— t-l„ODZ'| 0010 . OlZi-j-jvj 5 • • • •• ill ■4-° 5 * A Z . 1 y .OIJAd tool }jAd VX^Z] • • \ • • • ^£O.A*)o ,-102 ]^3]5 2]jCl±>^ ^ yo -.OlJt^U lr_» ]Ln-L ^vlVo .]Zd-i~K> ,_AO 3^o]Z]o )-®-4 yo \}j_2lD ]Zo oZ,Lo ^z>*| oiAj r_»5 u_»oiaLodj«o XII. —iJLrA ^ooA "joai A_i] j_»_^41Aj}£d .A^__^Aj»1 l-»-Looai^ 10 ^.oioA^I years') oi£QJ-^05 AfeAo ^q.jl-»i ZoA ^ > j\\^ - .mn C7) \ *. » »_ii dlolo ^oiqAa ?^£>o .)ooi * • • ^loo . aiZaiAso ^joLo ,gll-»i j^jZ] ^-*-^3Ar^o crA ^oZ] ]r->Ao r-K» jj_[m_^] .#<7iZoA> yJL,i^C05 IAjIhA oA ]ooij .i>orLo [vJLj,ro5] oA ^r^j5 ooi A| .oi3Z|r^ 15 *m4^-£r-fr£°l *.] 501^0 [111 3] ;.io ^5 oA ]ooi A^] .yojAlo A_»^A .|_»3a£D*| ooi [loai] w-iOio/ul? .jxqZL oi!q_b? •U^la[j;o] iiXui? i ^5 ^01_» 01^0 \ kj.J.0 j » ^ ,0 t > i .|-s_Ldooi5 <_1o *_»_jAcd1 i^A_» "j 5015 7oiAXq^Ad5 ]o01 U^AlO? ^OjlD IjLOQ-kj 8r.oZZ"| p XIII. 20 1) A later hand has added O (CLZO). 2) We should probably read as Martin suggests. 3) MS. cAA]o, the O being a later addition. 4) Instead of the more correct *|Z]j_£0. 5) Read ^aocn Amro. 6) MS. 1^3'] 5. 7) MS. oiAa-A5 (sic). Read oi Ao&ioo 1 8) This seems to be the reading of the MS., which has ^oZ, with two illegible letters preceding. CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYLITE. 10 «£Q-»5qj"| wjl!dq_»^ .-Mro_»o A-L-ajd A-i-o . * Zooi ZAqXA^Io .*io5 ^coci-i-rDojIZ? w_»oia.Lro jrZio 1*cQ-»ro5'|o •■lojiboai ]iju2iojj . -ii ,j.ra •,}_>5a£D loom jj35QO y_i.ro X. ,ooi3Z] "|Z|JL^id "jAloojo *.]jJootZi iojo ^qj] rOO .^ooT-iio w-i.ro Zl»1 "|Z^Jz .oiZqtAld ^lcdo]o oi_0;oo oiZiuij _io |rooi? 3r.» l^iDoam |nXlD .01 >] mLol» • • ^ ^ • ]]> tjwJOaiZ^ ]S£lLg 10^) ,001^ ^Q-tlolo .^OOlklL OLLuO 10 2 3^o ^ooio .|ro^n\ ^oai3Z*i> jkxij^Z ^ooi-iAx ^o.lj ooZ •'!;cnW] ciZao]o . aro^rokZo ^l]o . I-*-0?* ZoAo^o men 1 n oaio 5rrbZ]o ^)^Z*j oiZi-i-a^ oiZoo .^oioroo.Nso w_.r_»|ro • • *T'« ^ (j ^ j-p ;>■. ^ ^Aj? .,0iZqj301O-*-O w-i5oA-»]o .w_i_k* yT3 j_mZZ] 3_®0 .]}6) 4<_» i.i^ yD ^QJpQTD ,_-*AoZ w_»aiaj_jo> )jjD3ao 15 j-i.^ oi^o . ^-lAZ, wjlAO) ^ocl^LoXo ou^o]? ]3Z|] .jj-Lbj-o ]ro“Q.o ]ooi oinoro .. w-.oiaiOj-Oj IrZ^So? ]jo[-*Ad] ^ooiZaX i-aro ^j-jv-^1 v*. i s l Ijjnx ^5 ^__iAoi fcol id ^ooikiL I>Q-i-o1o .^ooil^ 3ri_So yX aigo jaro ^jJLdoio • 'T .X .^roj-Qj ooZ ]]* ..^_».iroi ^ZjZj 20ailro Vtt.^3 w£lcqd WJ-LD31 ..oiZorAkA ]j_o ,oo XI. • • ■j-in ooZo .ai;o\ ctlojOg ]ioi ^a.1^ 5r.»o .or^3] • • > 1) The last letters of this name are illegible in the MS. 2) This seems to be the reading of the MS. rather than ^50. 3) MS. OtraioZ]. 4) The MS. may perhaps have ^-j-J-ZZ, or _.L_i_ZZ, but it is doubtful. 9 ZENON. PEROZ. THE HUNS. <__»Aoi otjqj-^zij r_i_D5A^o . 1Ajl_»j.Ld l_i.£0?a£)O .]jlAoooij3 fcASo ,qj.-03 oao-ovo .]Z3oi Z,.^.\| IZa^ ]?cno .ao^ P }j_£05Q..2l\ ]_»_L00013 Aj^O ]0O1 A_*l jlO-Lo ,__»3 ^oZ VIII. /f kiL u!Doaij ..ruAmlo? lro.^J.0^3 k)jlo ^5 qjoi ]J o> |j330X ]^1d ]oiZZ\3 |j3po.^n ^.soi ooi ,_Sd IZa^Xlnr) 1akio p-kL»oalc ,• > l^vn ^mAm] 10 ^ooox&^cl* ]->-kL® ,_k>3 1j33QXoo .|_»cnZ^ jSo,Ao . ]_loi r-i_\a_»o lr^1 ooai ^3fAio <_-»3 ],q\V) .^.ZjZ] IZIjAd v,n »clk>^ ]ocn )Jo . ^ooiZq-q^jlso liocm . ] |-i— ^£0 0001 ]So .00(01 ^4Lo ]_*.ro^3 IoZiLd io ^ .3 ^AkcL»_£D IX. 15 3 [ 1 Aj-ibi ] :]j_jooi ) .#vooiZ^ ]ooi ,_.£ib r° VI Zooi IkoZ . ^o.^Z.^3 ]3Zj] ^o^jlj kill |J 3 . w_»oiq_»oZ^ZZ^ }_k.Joai 40j^iL3 ]_»_ro-»o .. QJ-kuoiAkA ]AZAqX <__*3 20 1) O is in both these cases a later addition. 2) We should probably road ] » in a O nr Ux _®OD. See Noeldeke, Geschichte der Perser und Araber zur Zeit der Sasaniden , p. 17, note 5; 99, note 1; 115, note 2. 3) Martin gives which cannot be right. The word is no longer to be seen in the MS. 4) Here too O is a later addition. J. S. 9 CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYLITE. 8 ^Ao> ]AnI.£Q-gi£» *>->) 1^?61o \S\ .m i ; ni) ]Zq-a^ ] aAcoAo ^_a] •IAHa w»V-o . im; *a”j .•uiiQ_»| ^_»A.q 5Aa oro . jj] ^iZAiAd -r^LL] ^Ad .^a^Z] -»ZAd} ,-Ao IAZZa 5.]AZa ^a_» l^ZZ^ pr^oxa ^\Lo P] ..picn }^rn y -Aa 3"jocnZ Zol^au? A_»*|> jj] ,octiL; v -i-l_qi U£m WjI ** ]io5ZZ U» ..ben \ *^1 m ^ ora AjI LCoaAo cZa . AQ-Zroj] jiAn->aTlo pAlo |x4^a_» rJ.^(] ^ASoX ■ ctl\ Zu] *| ]_i_^_£D p_ai ^Ao PI ..]a^o? cti_»5cl» ^aioZu] oai 10 ^ » inn ^AD cZaZAqAqIa Aj] wkAL*A05 |lD * 4^^AD5 a ^ b) oAb? IAa-ijAo 5<--ia^jZa %'aZo IpoZL* Aj_®_a l-i-lpcoi? VII. 15 «-*Ao-Z>o ^Aj vo ou-^ZzQ-a-a CTia Zoaio .6aj_a 1PdAJ» A i..m. n pen? ocn .^cojAa? %£OQ-LjlZica> ctiZqAd 5Aa ai5Aa ^ZAoj? och -onn mnn, Aa?"|o ^-Aajio \*|?cn ^ua] ^ao . f-dJ. x>,AqZa ,-Ao i_,A-* PaaIa *.]_»Adooi5 ^_»jXd.ao ]pD5 pLai j ^\A ^oA-AA-a-J? I-L.ro jaa.\ a a 1) Read 2) MS. ^-.ai-Lai ,._>;rA?. 3) MS. ]ootj. 4) MS. apparently «„^..^5ZAd?. 5) The ordinary way of spelling this name is 6) OlO seems to be actually the read¬ ing of the MS.; but I should prefer Martin’s suggestion of OJA (which is really the reading of the MS. in ch. xlviii, (Tl]a,) or else Noldeke’s of qjlo. THE AUTHORS PREFACE. |Saij . ^CTUjZjro ooi? w.ai ASncb .."jAA^Z -j-X-i] ^lA 1rm j] |Lq-k»j5 1>oiro ]oZjA1d A^Ij^Zu V®-juro \ • • • 2"|r-KjO 011-lH^ ]ojZAd '|001 AlD .^OIQADj-jO 0; rohoZ]? otto olA ^hijIkLo ^f|? ^_/| .-iJLoj ]/ ■ > • » • di^5a^ ^A. ]ocn jrojAlo rro .*;Ab*|o Ijoiro 5 AkAilo ..^ZoZ^ Q-»cl^5 Adi ^a Zv^5 .]_»;Ad> oiAoas) ^V-.-nm .jkujj 1ocn,l>A\ ZfroA, ]Jo . ^-i,Z’io ^Qj] >r.AD) .|Aa*jj ]L 3o_»|ro] jj-Dcn Ai^jAd Alo . voctiZq_kAo> 1^Q-k» ^x-ftSbZ] ]J ^lo-aO-^A crA v:v A^iAjj Zooi |_kk2_*_Sd lls]? ^-§Ao -o-^VA-* vA a_>^jo_»’| ]] 10 A <:)jl1cuoiAo jo> ^Alb *._» 50A_»"j ) 001 ]-KK_»_aAD5 )_»50O-» . 4Aq2aa\ otto w^\A^j U jpoAco -y-*^ loou .jAb] ab.A-oZ]o a_i.ro A_»"|o ouroZ]> __»Za_»] jj-AoZaiAo r_i_ro ]]] • • • \ • uj] oooio .•\-»..ooZ')p lA_i_j-A»] lAj-.VrLoro aroj^Zlo » • • • • Q_£A_»5 . ->A.j] vOOlAo ?Q_LlJD j]> }aA . .mnVnv/n .-|jDcL»5 15 • V • ..a jkj> .A] AclA "j-joi ,Ad5 «rooZ r^-l° •*■ ]lro q_qjA_»1 ^ooi^l^u t^..mro ..oooi ,__i_n_»__Kj3 6 ^AA-a-iO w_iOl5o] Al v^Ij 0001 ^mZo 1 Co .m ^L.p.Ai) ,-jJaoi .]A_i_j-a*] lAiZrSo Aa? |oo,\vo i .^_i'0i_i_A ^ZrokA 20 A ti .. |V) ■ n K)> mA-\v> '^§£o VI. •..«yi\')V)\ Aj] lo^ Ijot ._.cn Aj)o -.Icijjo ,^>vAvn 1) MS. 2) MS. "|r0 J]o. 3) MS. d. HI. 4) This passage is quoted by Assemani, Bibl. Orient ., t. i, p. 261. 5) MS. Oja-ja^Z]?, wrongly. 6) Read s^Lm. )? CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYLITE. 6 ^ flD ^Ao pZliD jA)5 A "I? AOcAclS ]a.^ClZ} m/\ Vo\ oiAa .2*n AZj AAa !>qa .*t_a_,55ZAd q_»)5ZAo ..^OOiZgAk* _jA_»]o . r_» AA^ jkAA? ]a_»3 001 .OClA ]oOUO 5 H .. 0_A* y ^QJOl jA) ^»)5ASo ] i \nmVn ZAaadj Ai ^£)] ,_a:AalA) |_,odi? ]Zq_aLq_k>jAd .^OdA ^ELCOoZASD Zo^jl._^_JO CTlZaOa-^O OlZakLi-ICLO A&Sd Q._» y? v I \ >*) ]AA2lA ]AOjA .|joi ]iaA AOjADZjj jrd^? .•IctiZZn? ou» o5 .__io .]_AZ y? .._»ai oiAAp^.D «n_»^»5 och 10 ^-A..) ,Ado . y^Zj-D AAA ]A_»d>jZ ocn |aa^iad AAq ^A %£xtl»o taqj y rA ]aiA ^Ai ^QjZ5Z]o 15 ZjAd]? y->] l?aio .^A ooai ^aiaZ? AAo] ^Ao ].■, > ^ i 5Zad ^Ao IZ^J A| ,_»? ,A ALW» .oiZqa^A AAd ."jl^o5> lA-» oiLd2l«Adj y*5oZl ^AA 5,_.kAoo ^a.« ^ iZ]? A A1? W A-frinLo ]jjCD5CA235 6voaiZo5AA ]oai y ^ooiZa-Kjfio? 1-AjA *|aiA\ 5Aad UA ./^oai_AA ^-k^Id IotA? 20 ^oauAo jAal y ^.oaA* W A$Ak> p y] .. 1j1 IAjAd 1) The MS. appears to have ^_A_i?5Al£>, though the reading is no longer clear. 2) MS. Zj. 3) MS. 0;A>ArD*|> wrongly, for the sense requires uj^aAad]. 4) MS. ^OoAj. 5) MS. ^^>Ad, which we might read ^j..kAd. 6) MS. ^OOl] Zo5|«kA, (sic). 7) MS. v001rZ|AA 5 THE AUTHOR’S PREFACE. . vToAoj O ]^rJD .]jZq1d AQA .lAj-Zrk)3 Aj] ,_jJaoi .]Za? P»3Q.£LA .IZojZlp ]_i_Xa_^o .•VJ1 ^oAb] A^1a» ^cnZo'U-^miD 1 y»'icnL] p Ij-LjZo .p^o-lri^Ao |-to;a.\ v5oiAkJp ]A-^.i ^ o IZo^iADp jliao ]ZoZ loOlZp .oiZjAd] )L ;pei,9 ^A>p obi Ipoip 5 • • . • .lZa.o,aA^ ^qaoj-qAjo ,_»aiZ^ ^-^A.ojp 1? -ai 3] A_»^_kj"| j ..vx? PI IV. ^010A_>"jp ^-ib 'Za *._B_j"j * A_t*j u_»01 3]A_i^j'jo .]A^Zj_k»o ]A_»y:o ]A-»JL»Z oai cdAaId -.lA.i-ij^^ ]Zo\ >,\Snn PoAaja ]j] paiAAo oai ^Aai^o > .. oAX^o |j] ]5a^ ,__»3 (j] 10 ,__»ai_»-Z.A poiio ^ZpA A_»*|p ].».i Ziro vooiZa)3 ,__Za_»P .."pen P? o] ^--.^05 ^ jl,\-i]5 W»01 ^00tZ>-j3Q . <__ip .]ZarA»AZ> ^aro^oAj ^ ,__>aiZo oai ^ j..o 5 r-L.Z,^P ^jActi ,_Lo ]j5Zo_» Pilop pb") ^-iD o-»*| ^_»5 ]il .]IZaO) <__»OT..O ]^-*Za^ loOlZ P *]ZcLL_»Z;AjQp 15 Uo?£o ^.Jaoi ^a.£iibp pj] gio) .‘^1? W l^o P Ipcnp 4^lZJ ^2)0 .‘^Ao ,-103 ,__»A_»p0 ^AJOGUp .VJk-ZjL »__»Z"| 3 -,_-iZaa 53Aj*"| ^__»ai.&L ^Z^Aop - 1^ >o*> i t • o on ^_»01J301ClLIO ^ai_»AZ'! ^Za-i Pp ^0] w-iboi <_.£iZAb P tpai ^p aZL 1Zq..l.£lZAd Ado33 .A^PaZa AjJa p ai P] .^ZqZa w_»cai 20 •. <--jAa ^pA-a-V? ^AopO :]Zop"SD ^-IZAAgAO ^jAglA.* p .' ^_»paioo ]_ulo_» A^Zp pLkuoiAo ^ooiZoo 1) MS. ^.oioiZP 2) MS. ^Q-j]. 3) The has in each case been subsequently scored out. 4) Read ^JL£lZj. CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYLITE. 4 ] nVin ZuokA OlX .*A j] j^.^1 » "jcUjAO ,A)5 • • • • * ^.jAd? ; ]A > 1 .’AXk) 'A M '^iOO -AADJ |Zo;.u.-&J-^? ‘IaAD^OTID A_»]_L_i_k)1 u_i_2lAj (hh.rn.SO "joiZL ZcA ,jd .cn.ro w-ujA_lAd515 ]Aq > ]S\ jljAk) 2|kr^a^ A°? 5 .cjLQioak ^ju-»-k}Ak? y? ^4Sd ..|j] A^td u-»cnacLoy£D »■ Ajl k> ■V.V. i] Ai .-'pop jk> vi_»] CL^jAkA i^^oaLo ]Zo\ikD5 ]Zo5jkAo loi-A? ]1 .-^kAmlo ]orZL AUk> ..]otZZ\? oiZqj^jAdj ^1ZoA,A^ .cnZAQA^iD t_3 At ? VALd och ko ..l^ai vi,kA 3 A-^A-a-k . u_,cn A^0-2 10 lA_uo IjAqX w^anoZok oA 4ojkpl p .^o lA^jojo A-.]? voaA locn A? odi ^oaA ;Apl *.^1 ^ll-3 Aj] A^> ax4-»Z? IZoA-^co 15 ,-on *. *1 5 A_m-J ]]? |kAA ctA In^T-^* larZA cnZcuAj-k^ j] A^I r-»-^ v-->-Ad A 1 ” 1 ° ,0rv^ A^Ap VQJC7I A) :A\A y ,0(71 AA? .^OOITO ^JLjlAQ_»_6 _AkA»0 .-->-J-LkrJ 6-.A->].jsj ^O^Ap 1-301 AaA .5qZA^ 13 \ • \ \ . • • • 20 . A^Q-O’O Injoo?) A-£ A 7^05 jio . v L.xAn-i-Q cnroo ^-AijA l^cAai .UAjj Aoi -to? A°r^ Oj-lAcoI? A^A^ 1) For IjI ^.k) >orlo. 2) Martin read A^°-Z- 3) For Aj] V). 4) The O is a later addition. 5) y is wanting in the MS. The O in oZo-A^ is more recent. 6) Head ]»k*j ? 7) MS. ujl.J05j.CD. .3 THE AUTHOR’S PREFACE. or_»^£5 Q-^oi .(TiAf-s orli 'loai »*n *. kj? 2 ^oZalQJ }L .• w_.cn aA] Zu-o cnXoZ^o }Z_kj cnX «Axn_»o .-"jZglp .>;-iAooj y o. aLp ^_wXcn y^} 5 ^00 wjcno,-.]^ rSo .-w_i_2i\-k* "jaiXy Zj*| *m_»_.£ilo ^.A^gro ]cn ZaLp^n £p1Lq\ )-iZZo ]”>cn HI .Ictl^kjao w^-iZ^qj U° ]j-&£0 5 • * . * . rfiZo] Aj'| ]o5 Iapoio .w-i_jZaa*j1 ^o? w-.ZuKja.A-Lp w_.cn *|r_,]p ]I^] y^o-Kt? ctlk»Z5 ^Lp? ]Lo,_i .^ALp^j5j Lofr)5 ^.^Jaa^a: .w-wAlo ,_a^o5> ,__»A_.*| wj.Zi }a5ZZ P] .^>Z .Zuoai ULpLp wjZanx l.co ^AauA ato? IZag^ZiLp^ : |jcn ^Lp LOjlo jA5 /|ai£>1 ZaLp^ . wjZaj? A-»ocn w£Uw_. ]apoio 10 ^j-AroALp? ^_.ctl\p> ^__u^i_.w_. : a_»_JcnZl ]] ^octuJla) AisZ _Uo V-^*=^ Uiocu .rP5 .• ac5'|Z ,_1p ]j] ^]Ajb_Lpo .-y^ ]j1 LqpqZj ]j"| llal »^Vjvn\ 15 .Zrn£i5 LC.1P • • • • ^-aXoi IZoZy Zuocn ]vZ* rP |j| wslj ^ III. Zuocn |j5 •.^OT5An ^12)? 1 Zcr^o^o ^AmLpj . wj-jACL^Z rpr* 1 V° •• :’]j3CnCLLP2 . V-fejZjO ^dApAjj cnZa^Q-^pcnrco : w^-A-uAi? cnZoZui-KjAao Zuooi 6^jl-kj!-oo 20 rn^Z] ^.aLp) |_»cn .])ai ^_Lp A_»oai ^Zla-Lp . w-»„a-£iJ3 • w-A-j] w»-»"j wjZu] ~| ZZl ju r A) (AAul - ; "j 301 w_»01 -A * • • * • 1) ]ocn is on the margin. 2) MS. ^oALDA 3) MS. ap¬ parent! v -.Zq__»j__^lA} j Martin j _ ?0_a. .• *"3. 4-) For AjI A- 5) MS. ]j)OOT.AA). 6) i-U — >-* for 5lA CHRONICLE OF JOSHUA THE STYLITE. 9 jjpi? ]Z5qAd3Z3 .-ctuAj]? jjCDaS£L35 rn ^ , \Wn |£}Q..kk£D3 .#A-»1_*jZ] f._»_^A-»l-LZA-^ . ] ^octljA-^ ^p»] Aj^jZ? 3Q^>Zajd cZA) .Aj] ooZ$ 3pJj_»A^5 ]j_ ^ Vo > » > ^ O 1. 1 5 2 ^OOT. \n^o PI \1L£1^^a ]joi 5 Aj] ]AtaZAo 4r_i_^o .}^;ja ^;Aoq..lZa ctla pAj] .**jZ0V^D? p-»aijuJ?CJIcLL JAAIjbAqX ^LcL^SL^Ci K » V »] ^oVk^jo ^oj-Qj p? ^-£Ad 5j-aAcd] • ^r^-3 ^Ao ^o^bAjo p-.ai4Z» ^Ao ^cmp .. pX? . .«■ \ ocfi .•v.^q-kj5 oiZo-JaAclo _-*? otAdAIelA 10 ^aioA-il? ^«_»] ,Ab 7;Ap]Aj30 . ; cn,Z> 6] l^oAo 6|] -.m^A-^Ad jj_Ap. c-jOIqXl |a2l»]3 'M .OIjAaA ArD^Q jlpO 8jj^lO y .^_»Zq2a ]oai 9]pKj3 ]uu pSo .]joclk».^ _»ZqZa 10Z;mZ] ]^i-» Ij-AAk^Ao .Ajq_» ZqAo,jdo II. • ^ • A.gjjQj ,Ajo-»3 oi^-2U5 ,__»ch .*]3ai o_»] ]^5 Zotn y 15 1 A_>; ■• SOO ^AdZ] l^J-^w.OIOjZlo? ]v*j p •*j~*053 m_« ^ i \ j^) p_.3 Aj] .otAelk>5 \Lp.^\ • ^.A') Aa.3 .-A-O^Z] . . *_i_J Aeak>] ^ia. £U pAo p_iA_» .A_»i_k> y * ‘ ^ ^ Ao,Ao ^oU opitj ]ZqAd pAo piOjA ^Aja_i aT_»A)3 ,_jcri y ,»£)] AOjAo ^-&AO .^A_.3 ]3C7I Lo.£l\ .‘ItADOjZA |_,CL» 1) For Aj] %Pi > ^->. 2) The O appears to be a later addition. 3) MS. p_i3AA.3 (sic). 4) The O is a later addition. 5) MS. OjA>Aco] , but the O seems to have been added here, as in many other cases, by a later hand, and is in this instance incorrect, the fern. —>VAA£o] being required. 6) Read y?? 7) MS. fAoZ]j30. Martin read ;Ao]j30. 8) For )j] ]3. 10) For IZcll^ZAo v <-»5au Aj^ 1 2aiZ^r^o ,lo]^o ^_»cn?o|r) ]ooi? ]5AjlAd o] :*|aiX|] ZAaZ>$ ^Zoj_hlk>? 1 Ar^ZI Atd ZAjqid I. Zrn^) ^-iCTLO? ^_j_Xoi : kCQ_i_^-CD ");._» 5 )0 l-M-i--a.-CO Iv^jJ :"|,An.O ]Z1 w_»ALd]? :3 *]j701CLlX> ^.X ^oAZ”j? cA .*]jZqADO }j„2120 t^Ol ]0Ol ^ALd]o |-«AO_» w->ZAo]o • ' • ]m\n n A) <__»? ^_Aoi AOL .5*U.£Dy^?0 j_i_SDOCn55 "Ai_QO 5 j^5 Ij-kjOuc)? ^Qjcn .^oxo oocji 6tr»-»,juOL» ]^?o5 vOOUAd j-kj UA? r->^ : * 1 ■• 0) 1 \o A_»_.0 ^JoAQj-^ \ y*^ ^oAZl? ]j] AjlZo^ .]rX.L.O AAo^aJIt y_»] Iv-^AoXo o-iuniZAnX .-*_»Zl» ^.SZj ]wv ’Ao^m jJo ' • * • 1) Assemani, Zh'6Z. Orieivt., t. i, p. 260, has U^i?, but it is very uncertain whether the points are really there. 2) MS. cnXoiOO. 3) MS. ]j500lAA). 4) MS. 0 1.» 5) Assemani, op. cit., p. 261, has V»_£Dy^o UAooj? UoyiDO. 6) MS. (sic), but corrected on the margin. J. S. 1 1 "|ZlQ-»Ai> now a mosque. 2 ]_*',LkkXD Aj~o? ]1d5 and other ]-OQ-». 3 Abgar’s palace, with the Ij^Z A jjd and ]5Z] Ij-iQA AjuOj, as mentioned in the Acts of Addai. 4 Another palace of Abgar. 5 ]^ib> ]a5Z. 6 ]_Lj*o ]a5A. 7 ]^5 ]a5 L 8 ^Oi-£U> ]a5Z. 9 A_».^> |.l5Z? 10 ]a5Z? 11 Justinian’s canal, to turn away the waters of the ^Ktpros or Daisan from the town. It is now the bed of the Kara Koyun. Plan aX> Roa/1 W Bird I _ Ede s sa Garden,'; K Gardens r-^? G ardLens Raced to Telia and Mardin Vuuiyards \ E. Sicricn ; rti Mush Kharptcb Sfumshat MalatLah, vdfdrilan Chermuh Hi. pi Haifa Sijwerek Sumalsdt Tver Abdirv Mardin 'drruxr Telia} Ntsibin ZeitgrruL Ear opus JeraJbis Rclscuji Dahbdnah Menbij Mosul gurtyeh) Takrit University Press, Cambridge, October , 1884. CATALOGUE OF WORKS PUBLISHED FOR THE SYNDICS OF THE Camtm&ge iBnttoersttp $ress. Uon&cm : c. j. clay and son. CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS WAREHOUSE, AVE MARIA LANE. GLASGOW : 263, Argyle Street. Camtmijgc: DEIGHTON, BELL, AND CO. ILctpjtg : F. A. BROCKHAUS. I PUBLICATIONS OF die Cambridge Sftm'tiersci'tp press. - ♦ - THE HOLY SCRIPTURES, &c. THE CAMBRIDGE PARAGRAPH BIBLE of the Au- thorized English Version, with the Text Revised by a Collation of its Early and other Principal Editions, the Use of the I talic Type made uniform, the Marginal References remodeled ard a Critical Intro¬ duction prefixed, by F. H. A. Scrivener, M.A. LL.D. Editor of the Greek Testament, Codex Augiensis, &c.. and o .e of the Revisers of the Authorized Version. Crown 4to. gilt. 21 s. From the Times. “Students of the Bible should be particu¬ larly grateful to (the Cambridge University Press) for having produced, with the able as¬ sistance of Dr Scrivener, a complete critical edition of the Authorized Version of the Eng¬ lish Bible, an edition such as, to use the words of the Editor, ‘would have been executed long ago had this version been nothing more than the greatest and best known of English clas¬ sics.’ Falling at a time when the formal revi¬ sion of this version has been undertaken by a distinguished company of scholars and divines, the publication of this edition must be con¬ sidered most opportune.” From the Athenceum “Apart from its religious importance, the English Bible has the glory, which but few sister versions indeed can claim, of being the chief classic of the language, of having, in conjunction with Shakspeare, and in an im¬ measurable degree more than he, fixed the language beyond any possibility of important change. Thus the recent contributions to the literature of the subject, by such workers as Mr Francis Fry and Canon Westcott, appeal to a wide range df sympathies; and to these may now be added Dr Scrivener, well known for his labours in the cause of the Greek Testa¬ ment criticism, who has brought out, for the Syndics of the Cambridge University Press, an edition of the English Bible, according to the text of 1611, revised by a comparison with later issues on principles stated by him in his Introduction. Here he enters at length into the history of the chief editions of the version, and of such features as the marginal notes, the use of italic type, and the changes of ortho¬ graphy, as well as into the most interesting question as to the original texts from which our translation is produced.” From the Methodist Recorder. “ This noble quarto of over 1300 pages is in every respect worthy of editor and publishers alike. The name of the Cambridge University Press is guarantee enough for its perfection in outward form, the name of the editor is equal guarantee for the worth and accuracy of its contents. Without question, it is the best Paragraph Bible ever published- and its re¬ duced price of a guinea brings i. within reach of a large number of students.” From the London Quarterly Review. “ The work is worthy in every respect of the editor’s fame, and of the Cambridge University Press. The noble English Version, to which our country and religion owe so much, was probably never presented before in so perfect a form.” THE CAMBRIDGE PARAGRAPH BIBLE. Student’s Edition, on good writing paper , with one column of print and wide margin to each page for MS. notes. This edition will be found of great use to those who are engaged in the task of Biblical criticism. Two Vols. Crown 4to. gilt. 3 it. 6 d. THE AUTHORIZED EDITION OF THE ENGLISH BIBLE (1611), ITS SUBSEQUENT REPRINTS AND MO¬ DERN REPRESENTATIVES. Being the Introduction to the Cambridge Paragraph Bible (1873), re-edited with corrections and additions. By F. H. A. Scrivener, M.A., D.C.L., LL.D., Pre¬ bendary of Exeter and Vicar of Hendon. Crown 8vo. js. 6 d. THE LECTIONARY BIBLE, WITH APOCRYPHA, divided into Sections adapted to the Calendar and Tables of Lessons of 1871. Crown 8vo. 3Y. 6 d. London : C. y. Cla y & Son, Cambridge University Press' Warehouse , Ave Maria Lane , CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS BOOKS. 3 BREVIARIUM AD USUM INSIGNIS ECCLESIAE SARUM. Juxta Editionem maximam pro Claudio Chevallon et Francisco Regnault a.d. mdxxxi. in Alma Parisiorum Academia impressam : labore ac studio Francisci Procter, A.M., et Christophori Wordsworth, A.M. Fasciculus I. In quo continentur Kalendarium, et Ordo Temporalis sive Proprium de Tempore totius anni, una cum ordinali suo quod usitato vocabulo dicitur PICA SIVE DlRECTORiUM Sacerdotum. Demy 8vo. i8l “The value of this reprint is considerable to liturgical students, who will now be able to con¬ sult in their own libraries a work absolutely in¬ dispensable to a right understanding of the his¬ tory of the Prayer-Book, but which till now usually necessitated a visit to some public library, since the rarity of the volume made its cost prohibitory to all but a few. . . . Messrs Procter and Wordsworth have discharged their editorial task with much care and judgment, though the conditions under which they have been working are such as to hide that fact from all but experts.” — Literary Churchman. Fasciculus II. In quo continentur Psalterium, cum ordinario Officii totius hebdomadae juxta Horas Canonicas, et proprio Com- pletorii, Litania, Commune Sanctorum, Ordinarium Missae cum Canone et xiii Missis, &c. &c. Demy 8vo. 12s. only experts in liturgiology, but all persons interested in the history of the Anglican Book of Common Prayer, will be grateful to the Syndicate of the Cambridge University Press for forwarding the publication of the volume which bears the above title, and which has recently appeared under their auspices.” — Notes and Queries. “ Cambridge has worthily taken the lead with the Breviary, which is of especial value for that part of the reform of the Prayer-Book which will fit it for the wants of our time .... Fasciculus III. In quo quod et sanctorale dicitur, una For all persons of religious tastes the Breviary, with its mixture of Psalm and Anthem and Prayer and Hymn, all hanging one on the other, and connected into a harmonious whole, must be deeply interesting.” — Church Quar¬ terly Review. “The editors have done their work excel¬ lently, and deserve all praise for their labours in rendering what they justly call ‘ this most interesting Service-book ’ more readily access¬ ible to historical and liturgical students.” — Saturday Review. continetur Proprium Sanctorum um accentuario. [. Nearly ready . GREEK AND ENGLISH TESTAMENT, in parallel Columns on the same page. Edited by J. Scholefield, M.A. late Regius Professor of Greek in the University. Small Odtavo. New Edition, with the Marginal References as arranged and revised by Dr Scrivener. Cloth, red edges, js. 6d. GREEK AND ENGLISH TESTAMENT. The Stu¬ dent’s Edition of the above, on large writing paper, qto. 12 s. GREEK TESTAMENT, ex editione Stephani tertia, 1550. Small 8 vo. 3 s. 6 d. THE NEW TESTAMENT IN GREEK according to the text followed in the Authorised Version, with the Variations adopted in the Revised Version. Edited by F. H. A. Scrivener M.A., D.C.L., LL.D. Crown 8vo. 6s. Morocco boards or limp. 12 s. THE PARALLEL NEW TESTAMENT GREEK AND ENGLISH, being the Authorised Version set forth in 1611 Arranged in Parallel Columns with the Revised Version of 1881, and with the original Greek, as edited by F. H. A. SCRIVENER, M.A., D.C.L., LL.D. Prebendary of Exeter and Vicar of Hendon. Crown 8vo. 1 2s. 6 d. The Revised Version is the Joint Property of the Universi¬ ties of Cambridge and Oxford. London : C. J. Cl A Y Son , Cambridge University Press Warehouse, Ave Maria Lane. 1 — 2 4 PUBLICATIONS OF THE BOOK OF ECCLESIASTES, with Notes and In¬ troduction. By the Very Rev. E. H. Plumptre, D.D., Dean of Wells. Large Paper Edition. Demy 8vo. Js. 6 d. “ No one can say that the Old Testament is point in English exegesis of the Old Testa- a dull or worn-out subject after reading this ment; indeed, even Delitzsch, whose pride it singularly attractive and also instructive com- is to leave no source of illustration unexplored, mentary. Its wealth of literary and historical is far inferior on this head to Dr Plumptre.” — illustration surpasses anything to which we can Academy, Sept, io, 1881. THE GOSPEL ACCORDING TO ST MATTHEW in Anglo-Saxon and Northumbrian Versions, synoptically arranged: with Collations of the best Manuscripts. By J. M. Kemble, M.A. and Archdeacon Hardwick. Demy 4to. iot. New Edition. By the Rev. Professor Skeat. [. In the Press. THE GOSPEL ACCORDING TO ST MARK in Anglo- Saxon and Northumbrian Versions, synoptically arranged : with Col¬ lations exhibiting all the Readings of all the MSS. Edited by the Rev. Professor Skeat, M.A. late Fellow of Christ’s College, and author of a Mceso-Gothic Dictionary. Demy 4to. iot. THE GOSPEL ACCORDING TO ST LUKE, uniform with the preceding, by the same Editor. Demy 4to. iot. THE GOSPEL ACCORDING TO ST JOHN, uniform with the preceding, by the same “ The Gospel according to St John, in Anglo-Saxon and Northumbrian Versions : Edited for the Syndics of the University Press, by the Rev. Walter W. Skeat, M.A. , Elrington and Bosworth Professor of Anglo- Saxon in the University of Cambridge, com¬ pletes an undertaking designed and com- Editor. Demy 4to. iot. menced by that distinguished scholar, J. M. Kemble, some forty years ago. Of the par¬ ticular volume now before us, we can only say it is worthy of its two predecessors. We repeat that the service rendered to the study of Anglo- Saxon by this Synoptic collection cannot easily be overstated.” — Contemporary Review. THE POINTED PRAYER BOOK, being the Book of Common Prayer with the Psalter or Psalms of David, pointed as they are to be sung or said in Churches. Royal 24010. is. 6d. The same in square 32mo. cloth. 6^/. “The ‘Pointed Prayer Book’ deserves men- for the terseness and clearness of the direc¬ tion for the new and ingenious system on which tions given for using it.” — Times. the pointing has been marked, and still more THE CAMBRIDGE PSALTER, for the use of Choirs and Organists. Specially adapted for Congregations in which the “ Cam¬ bridge Pointed Prayer Book” is used. Demy 8vo. cloth extra, 3T. 6d. cloth limp, cut flush. 2s. 6d. THE PARAGRAPH PSALTER, arranged for the use of Choirs by Brooke Foss Westcott, D.D., Regius Professor of Divinity in the University of Cambridge. Fcap. 4to. 5T. The same in royal 32mo. Cloth It. Leather It. 6d. “The Paragraph Psalter exhibits all the and there is not a clergyman or organist in care, thought, and learning that those acquaint- England who should be without this Psalter ed with the works of the Regius Professor of as a work of reference.” — Morning Post. 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Paper covers. 15.L THE PALESTINIAN MISHNA. By W. H. Lowe, M.A., Lecturer in Hebrew at Christ’s College, Cambridge. Royal 8vo. 21 s. SAYINGS OF THE JEWISH FATHERS, comprising Pirqe Aboth and Pereq R. Meir in Hebrew and English, with Cri¬ tical and Illustrative Notes. By Charles Taylor, D.D. Master of St John’s College, Cambridge, and Honorary Fellow of King’s College, London. Demy 8vo. “The ‘ Masseketh Aboth’ stands at the head of Hebrew non-canonical writings. It is of ancient date, claiming to contain the dicta of teachers who flourished from b.c. 200 to the same year of our era. The precise time of its compilation in its present form is, of course, in doubt. Mr Taylor’s explanatory and illustra¬ tive commentary is very full and satisfactory.’’ — Spectator. “ If we mistake not, this is the first precise translation into the English language, accom¬ panied by scholarly notes, of any portion of the Talmud. In other words, it is the first instance of that most valuable and neglected portion of IOJ. Jewish literature being treated in the same way as a Greek classic in an ordinary critical edition. . . The Sayings of the Jewish Fathers may claim to be scholarly, and, moreover, of a scholarship unusually thorough and finished.’ — Dublin University Magazine. “A careful and thorough edition which does credit to English scholarship, of a short treatise from the Mishna, containing a series of sen¬ tences or maxims ascribed mostly to Jewish teachers immediately preceding, or immediately following the Christian era. . . ” — Cotitempo- rary Review. THEODORE OF MOPSUESTIA’S COMMENTARY ON THE MINOR EPISTLES OF S. PAUL. The Latin Ver¬ sion with the Greek Fragments, edited from the MSS. with Notes and an Introduction, by H. B. SWETE, D.D., Rector of Ashdon, Essex, and late Fellow of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. In Two Volumes. 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Von den drei Haupt- handschriften . . . sind vortretfliche photo- graphische Facsimile’s beigegeben, wie iiber- haupt das ganze Werk von der University Press zu Cambridge mit bekannter Eleganz ausgestattet ist. ” — Theologische Literaturzei- tung. “It is a hopeful sign, amid forebodings which arise about the theological learning of the Universities, that we have before us the first instalment of a thoroughly scientific and painstaking work, commenced at Cambridge and completed at a country rectory.”- Church Quarterly Review (Jan. 1881). “ Hernn Swete’s Leistung ist eine so tuchtige dass wir das Werk in keinen besseren Handen wissen mochten, und mit den sich- ersten Erwartungen auf das Gelingen der Fortsetzung entgegen sehen.” — Gottiugische gelehrte A nzeigen (Sept. 1881). 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Demy 8vo. 1 5 s. “This larger edition he has deferred these many years for reasons which he has given in his preface, and which we accept with entire satisfaction, as we have now the first portion of a work composed in the fulness of his powers and with all the resources of fine erudition and laboriously earned experience. ..We will confi¬ dently aver, then, that the edition is neither tedious nor long ; for we get in one compact volume such a cyclopaedia of instruction, such a variety of helps to the full comprehension of the poet, as not so many years ago would have needed a small library, and all this instruction and assistance given, not in a dull and pedantic way, but in a style of singular clearness and vivacity In fact, one might take this edition with him on a journey, and, without any other help whatever, acquire with comfort and de¬ light a thorough acquaintance with the noblest production of, perhaps, the most difficult of all Greek poets — the most difficult, yet possessed at the same time of an immortal charm for one who has mastered him, as Mr Jebb has, and can feel so subtly perfection of form and lan¬ guage... 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With a Commentary by the late E. M. Cope, Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, re¬ vised and edited by J. E. S ANDYS, M. A., Fellow and Tutor of St John’s College, Cambridge, and Public Orator. With a biographical Memoir by H. A. J. Munro, M.A., Litt. D. 3 Vols., Demy 8vo. £1. 1 is. 6 d. “This work is in many ways creditable to the University of Cambridge. If an English student wishes to have a full conception of what is con¬ tained in the Rhetoric of Aristotle, to Mr Cope’s edition he must go.” — Academy. “Mr Sandys has performed his arduous duties with marked ability and admirable tact. . . . In every part of his work — revising, sup¬ plementing, and completing — he has done ex¬ ceedingly well.” — Examiner. A SELECTION OF GREEK INSCRIPTIONS, with Introductions and Annotations by E. S. Roberts, M.A. Fellow and Tutor of Gonville and Caius College. [In the Press. PINDAR. OLYMPIAN AND PYTHIAN ODES. With Notes Explanatory and Critical, Introductions and Introductory Essays. Edited by C. 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DEMOSTHENES AGAINST ANDROTION AND AGAINST TIMOCRATES, with Introductions and English Com¬ mentary, by William Wayte, M.A., late Professor of Greek, Uni¬ versity College, London, Formerly Fellow of King’s College, Cam¬ bridge, and Assistant Master at Eton. Crown 8vo. js. 6d. “There is an excellent introduction to and each paragraph of the text there is a summary analysis of each speech, and at the beginning of of scholarship or with points of Athenian law.” of its subject-matter . . . The notes are uni- — Saturday Review. formly good, whether they deal with questions London ; C. J. Clay C* Son , Cambridge University Press Warehouse ? Ave Maria Latte, THE CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS . n THE TYPES OF GREEK COINS. By Percy Gardner, M.A., F.S.A., Disney Professor of Archaeology. With 16 Autotype plates, containing photographs of Coins of all parts of the Greek World. Impl. 4to. 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Six¬ teen autotype plates reproduce with marvellous reality more than six hundred types of picked specimens of coins in every style, from the cabinets of the British Museum and other col¬ lections. — A thenceum. THE BACCHAE OF EURIPIDES. With Introduction, Critical Notes, and Archaeological Illustrations, by J. E. Sandys, M.A., Fellow and Tutor of St John’s College, Cambridge, and Public Orator. Crown 8vo. ioj. 6d. “Of the present edition of the BaccJue by Mr Sandys we may safely say that never before has a Greek play, in England at least, had fuller justice done to its criticism, interpretation, and archaeological illustration, whether for the young student or the more advanced scholar. The Cambridge Public Orator may be said to have taken the lead in issuing a complete edi¬ tion of a Greek play, which is destined perhaps to gain redoubled favour now that the study of ancient monuments has been applied to its il¬ lustration.” — Saturday Review. “The volume is interspersed with well- executed woodcuts, and its general attractive¬ ness of form reflects great credit on the Uni¬ versity Press. In the notes Mr Sandys has more than sustained his well-earned reputation as a careful and learned editor, and shows consider- ESSAYS ON THE ART OF PHEIDIAS. By C. Wald- STEIN, M.A., Phil. D., Reader in Classical Archaeology in the Uni¬ versity of Cambridge. Royal 8vo. With Illustrations. \In the Press. PLATO’S PHtEDO, literally translated, by the late E. M. Cope, Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, revised by Henry Jackson, M.A., Litt. D., Fellow of Trinity College. Demy 8vo. 5^. M. TULLI CICERONIS DE FINIBUS BONORUM ET MALORUM LIBRI QUINQUE. The text revised and explained ; With a Translation by James S. Reid, M.L., Fellow and Assistant Tutor of Gonville and Caius College. 3 Vols. [In the Press. VOL. III. Containing the Translation. Demy 8vo. 8j-. M. T. CICERONIS DE OFFICIIS LIBRI TRES, with Marginal Analysis, an English Commentary, and copious Indices, by H. A. Holden, LL.D., late Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. Fifth Edition. Crown 8vo. 9 s. “Dr Holden has issued an edition of what assumed after two most thorough revisions, is perhaps the easiest and most popular of leaves little or nothing to be desired in the full- Cicero’s philosophical works, the de Officiis , ness and accuracy of its treatment alike of the which, especially in the form which it has now matter and the language.” — Academy. M. TVLLI CICERONIS PRO C RABIRIO [PERDVEL- LIONIS REO] ORATIO AD QVIRITES With Notes Introduc¬ tion and Appendices by W E Heitland MA, Fellow and Lecturer of St John’s College, Cambridge. Demy 8vo. js. 6d. able advance in freedom and lightness of style. . . . Under such circumstances it is superfluous to say that for the purposes of teachers and ad¬ vanced students this handsome edition far sur¬ passes all its predecessors.” — Athejuzum. “It has not, like so many such books, been hastily produced to meet the momentary need of some particular examination ; but it has em¬ ployed for some years the labour and thought of a highly finished scholar, whose aim seems to have been that his book should go forth totus teres atque rotundus, armed at all points with all that may throw light upon its subject. The result is a work which will not only assist the schoolboy or undergraduate in his tasks, but will adorn the library of the scholar.” — The Guardian. London ; C. J. Cl A v & Son , Cambridge University Press Warehouse , Ave Maria Lane. 12 PUBLICATIONS OF M. TULLII CICERONIS DE NATURA DEORUM Libri Tres, with Introduction and Commentary by Joseph B. Mayor, M.A., late Professor of Moral Philosophy at King’s Col¬ lege, London, together with a new collation of several of the English MSS. by J. PL SWAINSON, M.A., formerly Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. Vol. I. Demy 8vo. ioj. 6 d. Vol. II. 12s. 6 d. Vol. III. In the Press. “ Such editions as that of which Prof. Mayor has given us the first instalment will doubtless do much to remedy this undeserved neglect. _ It is one on which great pains and much learning have evidently been expended, and is in every way admirably suited to meet the needs of the student . . . The notes of the editor are all that could be expected from his well-known learn¬ ing and scholarship.” — Academy. P. VERGILI MARONIS OPERA cum Prolegomenis et Commentario Critico pro Syndicis Preli Academici edidit Ben¬ jamin Hall Kennedy, S.T.P., Graecae Linguae Professor Regius. Extra Fcap. 8vo. 5^. MATHEMATICS, PHYSICAL SCIENCE, &c. MATHEMATICAL AND PHYSICAL PAPERS. By Sir W. Thomson, LL.D., D.C.L., F.R.S., Professor of Natural Phi¬ losophy in the University of Scientific Periodicals from Ma Demy 8vo. iSj. “Wherever exact science has found a fol¬ lower Sir William Thomson’s name is known as a leader and a master. For a space of 40 years each of his successive contributions to know¬ ledge in the domain of experimental and mathe¬ matical physics has been recognized as marking a stage in the progress of the subject. But, un¬ happily for the mere learner, he is no writer of text-books. His eager fertility overflows into the nearest available journal ... The papers in this volume deal largely with the subject of the dynamics of heat. They begin with two or three articles which were in part written at the age of 17, before the author had commenced residence as an undergraduate in Cambridge. . . . No student of mechanical engineering, who aims at the higher levels of his profession, can afford to be ignorant of the principles and methods set forth in these great memoirs . . . The article on the absolute measurement of electric and galvanic quantities (1851) has Glasgow. Collected from different 1841, to the present time. Vol. I. [Vol. II. 15^. Immediately. borne rich and abundant fruit. Twenty years after its date the International Conference of Electricians at Paris, assisted by the author himself, elaborated and promulgated a series of rules and units which are but the detailed out¬ come of the principles laid down in these papers. ’ ’ — The T ivies. “We are convinced that nothing has had a greater effect on the progress of the theories of electricity and magnetism during the last ten years than the publication of Sir W. Thomson’s reprint of papers on electrostatics and magnet¬ ism, and we believe that the present volume is destined in no less degree to further the ad¬ vancement of physical science. We owe the modern dynamical theory of heat almost wholly to Joule and Thomson, and Clausius and Ran- kine, and we have here collected together the whole of Thomson’s investigations on this sub¬ ject, together with the papers published jointly by himself and Joule.”— Glasgow Herald. MATHEMATICAL AND PHYSICAL PAPERS, by George Gabriel Stokes, M.A., D.C.L., LL.D., F.R.S., Fellow of Pembroke College, and Lucasian Professor of Mathematics in the University of Cambridge. Reprinted from the Original Journals and Transactions, with Additional Notes by the Author. Vol. I. Demy 8vo. 15J. Vol. II. 15L “ The volume of Professor Stokes’s papers contains much more than his hydrodynamical papers. The undulatory theory of light is treated, and the difficulties connected with its application to certain phenomena, such as aber¬ ration, are carefully examined and resolved. Such difficulties are commonly passed over with scant notice in the text-books . . . Those to whom difficulties like these are real stumbling- blocks will still turn for enlightenment to Pro¬ fessor Stokes’s old, but still fresh and still Volume III. necessary, dissertations. There nothing is slurred over, nothing extenuated. We learn exactly the weaknesses of the theory, and the direction in which the completer theory of the future must be sought for. The same spirit pervades the papers on pure mathematics which are included in the volume. They have a severe accuracy of style which well befits the subtle nature of the subjects, and inspires the com- pletest confidence in theirauthor.” — The Times. In the Press. THE SCIENTIFIC PAPERS OF THE LATE PROF. J. CLERK MAXWELL. Edited by W. D. Niven, M.A. In 2 vols. Royal 4to. [/;z the Press. London : C, J. Cl a y Ch Son, Cambridge University Press Warehouse , Ave Maria Lane , THE CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS. 13 A TREATISE ON NATURAL PHILOSOPHY. By Sir W. Thomson, LL.D., D.C.L., F.R.S., Professor of Natural Philosophy in the University of Glasgow, and P. G. Tait, M.A., Professor of Natural Philosophy in the University of Edinburgh. Part I. Demy 8vo. 16^. “ In this, the second edition, we notice a form within the time at our disposal would be large amount of new matter, the importance of utterly inadequate.” — JS/aUire. which is such that any opinion which we could Part II. Demy 8vo. 1 8s. ELEMENTS OF NATURAL PHILOSOPHY. By Pro¬ fessors Sir W. Thomson and P. G. Tait. Part I. Demy 8vo. Second Edition. 9^. HISTORY OF GREEK MATHEMATICS. By J. Gow, M.A., Fellow of Trinity College. \jn the Press. A TREATISE ON THE THEORY OF DETERMI¬ NANTS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS IN ANALYSIS AND GEOMETRY, by Robert Forsyth Scott, M.A., of St John’s College, Cambridge. Demy 8vo. 12 s. “This able and comprehensive treatise will . searches on this subject which have hitherto be welcomed by the student as bringing within been for the most part inaccessible to him.” — his reach the results of many important re- Athenceum. HYDRODYNAMICS, a Treatise on the Mathematical Theory of the Motion of Fluids, by Horace Lamb, M.A., formerly Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge ; Professor of Mathematics in the University of Adelaide. Demy 8vo. 12 s. THE ANALYTICAL THEORY OF HEAT, by Joseph Fourier. Translated, with Notes, by A. Freeman, M.A., Fellow of St John’s College, Cambridge. Demy 8vo. i6l “It is time that Fourier’s masterpiece, The Analytical Theory of Heat, translated by Mr Alex. Freeman, should be introduced to those English students of Mathematics who do not follow with freedom a treatise in any language but their own. It is a model of mathematical reasoning applied to physical phenomena, and is remarkable for the ingenuity of the analytical process employed by the author.” — Contempo¬ rary Review, October, 1878. “There cannot be two opinions as to the value and importance of the Theorie de la Cha- leur ... It is still the text-book of Heat Con¬ duction, and there seems little present prospect of its being superseded, though it is already more than half a century old.” — Nature. THE ELECTRICAL RESEARCHES OF THE Honour¬ able Henry Cavendish, F.R.S. Written between 1771 and 1781. Edited from the original manuscripts in the possession of the Duke of Devonshire, K. G., by the late J. Clerk Maxwell, F.R.S. Demy 8vo. iSy. “Every department of editorial duty ap- faction to Prof. Maxwell to see this goodly pears to have been most conscientiously per- volume completed before his life’s work was formed ; and it must have been no small satis- done.”— Athenceum. An ELEMENTARY TREATISE on QUATERNIONS. By P. G. Tait, M.A., Professor of Natural Philosophy in the Uni¬ versity of Edinburgh. Second Edition. Demy 8vo. 14.L THE MATHEMATICAL WORKS OF ISAAC BAR- ROW, D.D. Edited by W. Whewell, D.D. Demy 8vo. ys. 6d. AN ATTEMPT TO TEST THE THEORIES OF CAPILLARY ACTION by Francis Bashforth, B.D., late Pro¬ fessor of Applied Mathematics to the Advanced Class of Royal Artillery Officers, Woolwich, and J. C. Adams, M.A., F.R.S. Demy 4to. £1. is. NOTES ON QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS. Concise and Explanatory. By H. J. H. Fenton, M.A., F.I.C., F.C.S., Demon¬ strator of Chemistry in the University of Cambridge. Late Scholar of Christ’s College. Crown 4to. ys. 6 d. London : C. J. Clay & Son , Cambridge University Press Warehouse , Ave Maria Lane. PUBLICATIONS OF *4 A TREATISE ON THE GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY, by M. M. Pattison Muir, M.A., Fellow and Prse- lector in Chemistry of Gonville and Caius College. Demy 8vo. [ Nearly ready. A TREATISE ON THE PHYSIOLOGY OF PLANTS, by S. H. 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Strickland, now in the possession of the University of Cambridge. By Osbert Salvin, M.A., F.R.S., &c. Strickland Curator in the University of Cambridge. Demy8vo. £1. is. “The discriminating notes which Mr Salvin “The author has formed a definite and, as has here and there introduced make the book it seems to us, a righteous idea of what the indispensable to every worker on what the catalogue of a collection should be, and, allow- Americans call “the higher plane” of the ing for some occasional slips, has effectively science of birds.” — Academy. carried it out.” — Notes and Queries. A CATALOGUE OF AUSTRALIAN FOSSILS (in¬ cluding Tasmania and the Island of Timor), Stratigraphically and Zoologically arranged, by R. Etheridge, Jun., F.G.S., Acting Palae¬ ontologist, H.M. Geol. Survey of Scotland. Demy 8vo. 10s. 6d. “The work is arranged with great clearness, consulted by the author, and an index to the and contains a full list of the books and papers genera.” — Saturday Review. ILLUSTRATIONS OF COMPARATIVE ANATOMY, VERTEBRATE AND INVERTEBRATE, for the Use of Stu¬ dents in the Museum of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy. Second Edition. Demy 8vo. 2s. 6 d. A SYNOPSIS OF THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE BRITISH PALAEOZOIC ROCKS, by the Rev. Adam Sedgwick, M.A., F.R.S., and Frederick McCoy, F.G.S. One vol., Royal 4to. Plates, £1. ij. A CATALOGUE OF THE COLLECTION OF CAM¬ BRIAN AND SILURIAN FOSSILS contained in the Geological Museum of the University of Cambridge, by J. W. Salter, F.G.S. With a Portrait of PROFESSOR Sedgwick. Royal 4to. Js. 6 d. CATALOGUE OF OSTEOLOGICAL SPECIMENS con¬ tained in the Anatomical Museum of the University of Cambridge. Demy 8vo. 2 s. 6 d. London : C. J. Cl a y Ca Son, Cambridge University Press Warehouse , Ave Maria Lane. THE CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS. IS LAW. AN ANALYSIS OF CRIMINAL LIABILITY. By E. C. Clark, LL.D., Regius Professor of Civil Law in the University of Cam¬ bridge, also of Lincoln’s Inn, Barrister-at-Law. Crown 8vo. js. 6 d. “ Prof. Clark’s little book is the substance Students of jurisprudence will find much to of lectures delivered by him upon those por- interest and instruct them in the work of Prof, tions of Austin’s work on jurisprudence which Clark.” — Athe7iceum . deal with the “operation of sanctions” . . . PRACTICAL JURISPRUDENCE, a Comment on AUSTIN. By E. C. Clark, LL.D. Regius Professor of Civil Law. Crown 8vo. 9J-. “Damit schliesst dieses inhaltreiche und tical Jurisprudence.”— Konig. Cent/ alblatt fur nach alien Seiten anregende Buch fiber Prac- Rechtswissetischaft. A SELECTION OF THE STATE TRIALS. By J. W. Willis-Bund, M.A., LL.B., Barrister-at-Law, Professor of Con¬ stitutional Law and History, University College, London. Vol. I. Trials for Treason (1327 — 1660). Crown 8vo. i8j. “Mr Willis-Bund has edited ‘A Selection of Cases from the State Trials’ which is likely to form a very valuable addition to the standard literature . . . There can be no doubt, therefore, of the interest that can be found in the State trials. But they are large and unwieldy, and it is impossible for the general reader to come across them. Mr Willis-Bund has therefore done good service in making a selection that is in the first volume reduced to a commodious form.” — The Examiner. “This work is a very useful contribution to that important branch of the constitutional his¬ tory of England which is concerned with the growth and development of the law of treason, as it may be gathered from trials before the ordinary courts, The author has very wisely distinguished these cases from those of im¬ peachment for treason before Parliament, which he proposes to treat in a future volume under the general head ‘Proceedings in Parliament.’’5 — The Academy. “ This is a work of such obvious utility that the only wonder is that no one should have un¬ dertaken it before ... In many respects there¬ fore, although the trials are more or less abridged, this is for the ordinary student’s pur¬ pose not only a more handy, but a more useful work than Howell’s.” — Saturday Review. Vol. II. In two parts. Price 14s. each. “ But, although the book is most interesting to the historian of constitutional law, it is also not without considerable value to those who seek information with regard to procedure and the growth of the law of evidence. We should add that Mr Willis-Bund has given short pre¬ faces and appendices to the trials, so as to form a connected narrative of the events in history to which they relate. We can thoroughly re¬ commend the book.” — Law Times. “ To a large class of readers Mr Willis- Bund’s compilation will thus be of great as¬ sistance, for he presents in a convenient form a judicious selection of the principal statutes and the leading cases bearing on the crime of trea¬ son . . . For all classes of readers these volumes possess an indirect interest, arising from the nature of the cases themselves, from the men who were actors in them, and from the numerous points of social life which are incidentally illus¬ trated in the course of the trials. On these features we have not dwelt, but have preferred to show that the book is a valuable contribution to the study of the subject with which it pro¬ fesses to deal, namely, the history of the law of treason. ” — A thenceum. Vol. III. In the Press. THE FRAGMENTS OF THE PERPETUAL EDICT OF SALVIUS JULIANUS, collected, arranged, and annotated by Bryan Walker, M.A., LL.D., Law Lecturer of St John’s College, and late Fellow of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. Crown 8vo. 6j. “ In the present book we have the fruits of the same kind of thorough and well-ordered study which was brought to bear upon the notes to the Commentaries and the Institutes . . . Hitherto the Edict has been almost inac¬ cessible to the ordinary English student, and such a student will be interested as well as per¬ haps surprised to find how abundantly the ex¬ tant fragments illustrate and clear up points which have attracted his attention in the Com¬ mentaries, or the Institutes, or the Digest.” — Law Times. London : C. J. Cl A Y Son, Cambridge University Press Warehouse , Ave Maria Lane. i6 PUBLICATIONS OF AN INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF JUS¬ TINIAN’S DIGEST. Containing an account of its composition and of the Jurists used or referred to therein, together with a full Commentary on one Title (de usufructu), by Henry John Roby, M.A., formerly Classical Lecturer in St John’s College, Cambridge, and Prof, of Jurisprudence, University College, London. Demy 8vo. i8j. THE COMMENTARIES OF GAIUS AND RULES OF ULPIAN. (New Edition, revised and enlarged.) With a Trans¬ lation and Notes, by J. T. Abdy, LL.D., Judge of County Courts, late Regius Professor of Laws in the University of Cambridge, and Bryan Walker, M.A., LL.D., Law Lecturer of St John’s College, Cambridge, formerly Law Student of Trinity Hall and Chancellor’s Medallist for Legal Studies. Crown 8vo. i6l “As scholars and as editors Messrs Abdy and Walker have done their work well . . . For one thing the editors deserve special commen¬ dation. They have presented Gaius to the reader with few notes and those merely by way of reference or necessary explanation. Thus the Roman jurist is allowed to speak for himself, and the reader feels that he is really studying Roman law in the original, and not a fanciful representation of it.” — Athenceum. THE INSTITUTES OF JUSTINIAN, translated with Notes by J. T. Abdy, LL.D., Judge of County Courts, late Regius Professor of Laws in the University of Cambridge, and formerly Fellow of Trinity Hall ; and Bryan Walker, M.A., LL.D., Law Lecturer of St John’s College, Cambridge ; late Fellow and Lecturer of Corpus Christi College ; and formerly Law Student of Trinity Hall. Crown 8vo. i6.r. “We welcome here a valuable contribution to the study of jurisprudence. The text of the Institutes is occasionally perplexing, even to practised scholars, whose knowledge of clas¬ sical models does not always avail them in dealing with the technicalities of legal phrase¬ ology. Nor can the ordinary dictionaries be expected to furnish all the help that is wanted. This translation will then be of great use. To SELECTED TITLES FROM THE DIGEST, annotated by B. Walker, M.A., LL.D. Part I. Mandati vel Contra. Digest XVII. 1. Crown 8vo. 5s. “This small volume is published as an ex- Mr Walker deserves credit for the way in which periment. The author proposes to publish an he has performed the task undertaken. The annotated edition and translation of several translation, as might be expected, is scholarly.” books of the Digest if this one is received with — Law Times. favour. We are pleased to be able to say that - Part II. De Adquirendo rerum dominio and De Adquirenda vel amittenda possessione. Digest xli. 1 and 11. Crown 8vo. 6s. - Part III. De Condictionibus. Digest xil. 1 and 4 — 7 and Digest xiii. 1 — 3. Crown 8vo. 6s. GROTIUS DE JURE BELLI ET PACIS, with the Notes of Barbeyrac and others ; accompanied by an abridged Translation of the Text, by W. Whewell, D.D. late Master of Trinity College. 3 Vols. Demy 8vo. 12s. The translation separate, 6s. the ordinary student, whose attention is dis¬ tracted from the subject-matter by the dif¬ ficulty of struggling through the language in which it is contained, it will be almost indis¬ pensable.” — Spectator. “The notes are learned and carefully com¬ piled, and this edition will be found useful to students.” — Law Times. London : C. J. Cla y Son, Cambridge University Press Warehouse, Ave Maria Lane. THE CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS. 1 7 HISTORY. LIFE AND TIMES OF STEIN, OR GERMANY AND PRUSSIA IN THE NAPOLEONIC AGE, by J. R. Seeley, M.A., Regius Professor of Modern History in the University of Cambridge, with Portraits and Maps. 3 Vols. Demy 8vo. 4.8s. “ If we could conceive anything similar to a protective system in the intellectual depart¬ ment, we might perhaps look forward to a time when our historians would raise the cry of pro¬ tection for native industry. Of the unquestion¬ ably greatest German men of modern history — I speak of Frederick the Great, Goethe and Stein — the first two found long since in Carlyle and Lewes biographers who have undoubtedly driven their German competitors out of the field. And now in the year just past Professor Seeley of Cambridge has presented us with a biography of Stein which, though it modestly declines competition with German works and disowns the presumption of teaching us Ger¬ mans our own history, yet casts into the shade by its brilliant superiority all that we have our¬ selves hitherto written about Stein.” — Deutsche R tmdschau. “ In a notice of this kind scant justice can be done to a work like the one before us ; no short resitme can give even the most meagre notion of the contents of these volumes, which contain no page that is superfluous, and none that is uninteresting .... To understand the Germany of to-day one must study the Ger¬ many of many yesterdays, and now that study has been made easy by this work, to which no one can hesitate to assign a very high place among those recent histories which have aimed at original research.” — Atheneeum. “The book before us fills an important gap in English — nay, European — historical litera¬ ture, and bridges over the history of Prussia from the time of Frederick the Great to the days of Kaiser Wilhelm. It thus gives the reader standing ground whence he may regard contemporary events in Germany in their pro¬ per historic light . . . We congratulate Cam¬ bridge and her Professor of History on the appearance of such a noteworthy production. And we may add that it is something upon which we may congratulate England that on the especial field of the Germans, history, on the history of their own country, by the use of their own literary weapons, an Englishman has produced a history of Germany in the Napo¬ leonic age far superior to any that exists in German. ” — Examiner. THE GROWTH OF ENGLISH INDUSTRY AND COMMERCE. By W. Cunningham, M.A., late Deputy to the Knightbridge Professor in the University of Cambridge. With Maps and Charts. Crown 8vo. \2s. “He is, however, undoubtedly sound in the main, and his work deserves recognition as the result of immense industry and research in a field in which the labourers have hitherto been comparatively few.” — Scotsman. “Mr Cunningham is not likely to disap¬ point any readers except such as begin by mis¬ taking the character of his book. He does not promise, and does not give, an account of the dimensions to which English industry and com¬ merce have grown. It is with the process of growth that he is concerned ; and this process he traces with the philosophical insight which distinguishes between what is important and what is trivial. He thus follows with care, skill, and deliberation a single thread through the maze of general English history.” — Guar¬ dian. THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES TO THE ROYAL INJUNCTIONS OF 1 535, by James Bass Mullinger, M.A. Demy 8vo. (734 pp.), 12s. “We trust Mr Mullinger will yet continue his history and bring it down to our own day.” — Academy. “He has brought together a mass of in¬ structive details respecting the rise and pro¬ gress, not only of his own University, but of all the principal Universities of the Middle Ages . . . We hope some day that he may con¬ tinue his labours, and give us a history of the University during the troublous times of the Reformation and the Civil War.” — Atheneeum. “ Mr Mullinger’s work is one of great learn¬ ing and research, which can hardly fail to become a standard book of reference on the subject ... We can most strongly recommend this book to our readers.” — Spectator. VOL. II. Nearly ready. London: C. J. Clay Son, Cambridge University Press Warehouse , Ave Maria Lane. i8 PUBLICATIONS OF CHRONOLOGICAL TABLES OF GREEK HISTORY. Accompanied by a short narrative of events, with references to the sources of information and extracts from the ancient authorities, by Carl Peter. Translated from the German by G. Chawner, M.A., Fellow and Lecturer of King’s College, Cambridge. Demy 4to. ioj-. “As a handy book of reference for genuine ticular point as quickly as possible, the Tables students, or even for learned men who want to are useful.” — Academy. lay their hands on an authority for some par- CHRONOLOGICAL TABLES OF ROMAN HISTORY. By the same. [Preparing. HISTORY OF THE COLLEGE OF ST JOHN THE EVANGELIST, by Thomas Baker, B.D., Ejected Fellow. Edited by John E. B. Mayor, M.A., Fellow of St John’s. Two Vols. Demy 8vo. 24 “To antiquaries the book will be a source of almost inexhaustible amusement, by his¬ torians it will be found a work of considerable service on questions respecting our social pro¬ gress in past times ; and the care and thorough¬ ness with which Mr Mayor has discharged his editorial functions are creditable to his learning and industry.” — Athenceum. “The work displays very wide reading, and it will be of great use to members of the col¬ lege and of the university, and, perhaps, of still greater use to students of English his¬ tory, ecclesiastical, political, social, literary and academical, who have hitherto had to be content with ‘Dyer.’” — Academy. HISTORY OF NEPAL, translated by Munshi SHEW Shunker Singh and Pandit Shr! Gunanand; edited with an Introductory Sketch of the Country and People by Dr D. WRIGHT, late Residency Surgeon at Kathmandu, and with facsimiles of native drawings, and portraits of Sir Jung Bahadur, the King of Nepal, &c. Super-royal 8vo. 21s. “The Cambridge University Press have done well in publishing this work. Such trans¬ lations are valuable not only to the historian but also to the ethnologist; . . . Dr Wright’s Introduction is based on personal inquiry and observation, is written intelligently and can¬ didly, and adds much to the value of the volume. The coloured lithographic plates are interesting.” — Nature. “The history has appeared at a very op¬ portune moment... The volume. ..is beautifully printed, and supplied with portraits of Sir Jung Bahadoor and others, and with excellent coloured sketches illustrating Nepaulese archi¬ tecture and religion.” — Examiner. SCHOLAE ACADEMICAE : some Account of the Studies at the English Universities in the Eighteenth Century. By Chris¬ topher Wordsworth, M.A., Fellow of Peterhouse ; Author of “ Social Life at the English Universities in the Eighteenth Century.” Demy 8vo. 15^. “The general object of Mr Wordsworth’s book is sufficiently apparent from its title. He has collected a great quantity of minute and curious information about the working of Cam¬ bridge institutions in the last century, with an occasional comparison of the corresponding state of things at Oxford ... To a great extent it is purely a book of reference, and as such it will be of permanent value for the historical knowledge of English education and learning.” — Saturday Review. “Only those who have engaged in like la¬ bours will be able fully to appreciate the sustained industry and conscientious accuracy discernible in every page ... Of the whole volume it may be said that it is a genuine service rendered to the study of University history, and that the habits of thought of any writer educated at either seat of learning in the last century will, in many cases, be far better understood after a consideration of the materials here collected.” — Academy. THE ARCHITECTURAL HISTORY OF THE UNI¬ VERSITY AND COLLEGES OF CAMBRIDGE, by the late Professor Willis, M.A. With numerous Maps, Plans, and Illustra¬ tions. Continued to the present time, and edited by John Willis Clark, M.A., formerly Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. [Nearly ready. London: C. J. Clay Ca Son, Cambridge University Press Warehouse Ave Maria Lane. THE CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS. 19 MISCELLANEOUS. A CATALOGUE OF ANCIENT MARBLES IN GREAT BRITAIN, by Prof. Adolf Michaelis. Translated by C. A. M. Fennell, M.A., late Fellow of Jesus College. Royal 8vo. Roxburgh (Morocco back), £2. 2 s. “The object of the present work of Mich¬ aelis is to describe and make known the vast treasures of ancient sculpture now accumulated in the galleries of Great Britain, the extent and value of which are scarcely appreciated, and chiefly so because there has hitherto been little accessible information about them. To the loving labours of a learned German the owners of art treasures in England are for the second time indebted for a full description of their rich possessions. Waagen gave to the private col¬ lections of pictures the advantage of his in¬ spection and cultivated acquaintance with art, and now Michaelis performs the same office for the still less known private hoards of an¬ tique sculptures for which our country is so remarkable. The book is beautifully executed, and with its few handsome plates, and excel¬ lent indexes, does much credit to the Cam¬ bridge Press. It has not been printed in German, but appears for the first time in the English translation. All lovers of true art and of good work should be grateful to the Syndics of the University Press for the liberal facilities afforded by them towards the production of this important volume by Professor Michaelis.” — Saturday Review. “‘Ancient Marbles’ here mean relics of Greek and Roman origin which have been imported into Great Britain from classical soil. How rich this island is in respect to these remains of ancient art, every one knows, but it is equally well known that these trea¬ sures had been most inadequately described before the author of this work undertook the labour of description. Professor Michaelis has achieved so high a fame as an authority in classical archaeology that it seems unneces¬ sary to say how good a book this is.”— The Antiquary. LECTURES ON TEACHING, delivered in the University of Cambridge in the Lent Term, 1880. By J. G. Fitch, M.A., Her Majesty’s Inspector of Schools. Crown 8vo. New Edition. $s. “The lectures will be found most interest¬ ing, and deserve to be carefully studied, not only by persons directly concerned with in¬ struction, but by parents who wish to be able to exercise an intelligent judgment in the choice of schools and teachers for their chil¬ dren. For ourselves, we could almost wish to be of school age again, to learn history and geography from some one who could teach them after the pattern set by Mr Fitch to his audience . . . But perhaps Mr Fitch’s observa¬ tions on the general conditions of school-work are even more important than what he says on this or that branch of study.” — Saturday Re¬ view. “ It comprises fifteen lectures, dealing with such subjects as organisation, discipline, ex¬ amining, language, fact knowledge, science, and methods of instruction ; and though the lectures make no pretention to systematic or exhaustive treatment, they yet leave very little of the ground uncovered ; and they combine in an admirable way the exposition of sound prin¬ ciples with practical suggestions and illustra¬ tions which are evidently derived from wide and varied experience, both in teaching and in examining.”— Scotsman. “As principal of a training college and as a Government inspector of schools, Mr Fitch has got at his fingers’ ends the working of primary education, while as assistant commissioner to the late Endowed Schools Commission he has seen something of the machinery of our higher schools . . . Mr Fitch’s book covers so wide a field and touches on so many burning questions that we must be content to recommend it as the best existing vade mecum for the teacher. . . . He is always sensible, always judicious, never wanting in tact ... Mr Fitch is a scholar ; he pretends to no knowledge that he does not possess ; he brings to his work the ripe expe¬ rience of a well-stored mind, and he possesses in a remarkable degree the art of exposition.” — Pall Mall Gazette. “Therefore, without reviewing the book for 'the second time, we are glad to avail ourselves of the opportunity of calling attention to the re-issue of the volume in the five-shilling form, bringing it within the reach of the rank and file of the profession. We cannot let the oc¬ casion pass without making special reference to the excellent section on ‘punishments’ in the lecture on ‘Discipline.’ ” — School Board Chron¬ icle. THEORY AND PRACTICE OF TEACHING. By the Rev. Edward Thring, M.A., Head Master of Uppingham School, late Fellow of King’s College, Cambridge. Crown 8vo. 6s. “Any attempt to summarize the contents of the volume would fail to give our readers a taste of the pleasure that its perusal has given us.” — Journal of Education. “In his book we have something very dif¬ ferent from the ordinary work on education. It is full of life. It comes fresh from the busy workshop of a teacher at once practical and enthusiastic, who has evidently taken up his pen, not for the sake of writing a book, but under the compulsion of almost passionate earnestness, to give expression to his views on questions connected with the teacher’s life and work. For suggestiveness and clear in¬ cisive statement of the fundamental problems which arise in dealing with the minds of chil¬ dren, we know of no more useful book for any teacher who is willing to throw heart, and conscience, and honesty into his work.” — New York Evening Post. London : C. J. Cla y Sp Son, Cambridge University Press Warehouse , Ave Maria Lane. 20 PUBLICATIONS OF STATUTES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE and for the Colleges therein, made published and approved (1878 — 1882) under the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge Act, 1877. With an Appendix. Demy 8vo. 16^. THE WOODCUTTERS OF THE NETHERLANDS during the last quarter of the Fifteenth Century. In three parts. I. History of the Woodcutters. II. Catalogue of their Woodcuts. III. List of the Books containing Woodcuts. By William Martin Conway. Demy 8vo. iol 61. THE DIPLOMATIC CORRESPONDENCE OF EARL GOWER, English Ambassador at the court of Versailles from June 1790 to August 1792. From the originals in the Record Office with an introduction and Notes, by OSCAR Browning, M.A. [In the Press. A GRAMMAR OF THE IRISH LANGUAGE. By Prof. Windisch. Translated by Dr Norman Moore. Crown 8vo. js.6d. STATUTES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. With some Acts of Parliament relating to the University. Demy 8vo. y. 6d. 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In order to provide Text-books for School and Examination purposes, the Cambridge University Press has arranged to publish the several books of the Bible in separate portions at a moderate price, with introductions and explanatory notes. The Very Reverend J. J. S. Perowne, D.D., Dean of Peterborough, has undertaken the general editorial supervision of the work, assisted by a staff of eminent coadjutors. Some of the ‘books have been already edited or undertaken by the following gentlemen : Rev. A. Carr, M.A., Assistant Master at Wellington College. Rev. T. K. Cheyne, M.A., Fellow of Balliol College , Oxford. Rev. S. Cox, Nottingham. Rev. A. B. Davidson, D.D., Professor of Hebrew, Edinburgh. The Ven. F. W. Farrar, D.D., Archdeacon of Westminster. Rev. C. D. Ginsburg, LL.D. Rev. A. E. Humphreys, M.A., Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. Rev. A. F. Kirkpatrick, M.A., Fellow of Trinity College , Regius Professor of Hebrew. Rev. J. J. 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Cla y Cn Son, Cambridge University Press Warehouse , Ave Maria Lane. 22 PUBLICATIONS OF THE CAMBRIDGE BIBLE FOR SCHOOLS & COLLEGES. Continued. Now Ready. Cloth, Extra Fcap. 8vo. THE BOOK OF JOSHUA. By the Rev. G. F. Maclear, D.D. With 2 Maps. 2s. 6d. THE BOOK OF JUDGES. By the Rev. J. J. Lias, M.A. With Map. %s. 6d. THE FIRST BOOK OF SAMUEL. By the Rev. Professor Kirkpatrick, M.A. With Map. 3 j. 6d. THE SECOND BOOK OF SAMUEL. By the Rev. Professor Kirkpatrick, M.A. With 2 Maps. $s. 6d. THE BOOK OF JOB. By the Rev. A. B. Davidson, D.D. 5 s. THE BOOK OF ECCLESIASTES. By the Very Rev. E. H. Plumptre, D.D. , Dean of Wells. 5 s. THE BOOK OF JEREMIAH. By the Rev. A. W. Streane, M.A. With Map. 4L 6d. THE BOOKS OF OBADIAH AND JONAH. By Archdeacon Perowne. 2s. 6 d. THE BOOK OF JONAH. By Archdeacon Perowne. is. 6d. THE BOOK OF MICAH. By the Rev. T. K. Cheyne, M.A. is. 6d. THE GOSPEL ACCORDING TO ST MATTHEW. By the Rev. A. Carr, M.A. With 2 Maps. 2 s. 6d. THE GOSPEL ACCORDING TO ST MARK. 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Preparing*. THE BOOK OF GENESIS. By Professor Robertson Smith, M.A. THE BOOK OF EXODUS. By the Rev. C. D. Ginsburg, LL.D. THE BOOK OF HOSEA. By the Rev. T. K. Cheyne, M.A. THE BOOKS OF HAGGAI AND ZECHARIAH. By Arch¬ deacon Perowne. THE BOOK OF REVELATION. By the Rev. W. Simcox, M.A. THE CAMBRIDGE GREEK TESTAMENT, FOR SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES, with a Revised Text, based on the most recent critical authorities, and English Notes, prepared under the direction of the General Editor, The Very Reverend J. J. S. PEROWNE, D.D., DEAN OF PETERBOROUGH. Now Ready. THE GOSPEL ACCORDING TO ST MATTHEW. By the Rev. A. Carr, M.A. With 4 Maps. 4 t. 6d. “ With the * Notes,’ in the volume before us, we are much pleased ; so far as we have searched, they are scholarly and sound. 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Dr Maclear’s introduction contains all that is known of St Mark’s life, with references to passages in the New Testament in which he is mentioned ; an account of the circumstances in which the Gospel was composed, with an estimate of the influence of St Peter’s teaching upon St Mark ; an excellent sketch of the special character¬ istics of this Gospel ; an analysis, and a chapter on the text of the New Testament generally . . . The work is completed by three good maps.” — Saturday Review. “The Notes, which are admirably put together, seem to contain all that is necessary for the guidance of the student, as well as a judicious selection of passages from various sources illustrat¬ ing scenery and manners.” — Academy. THE GOSPEL ACCORDING TO ST LUKE. By Archdeacon Farrar. With 4 Maps. 6a THE GOSPEL ACCORDING TO ST JOHN. By the Rev. A. Plummer, M.A., D.D. With 4 Maps. 6s. “A valuable addition has also been made to ‘The Cambridge Greek Testament for Schools,’ Dr Plummer’s notes on ‘the Gospel according to St John’ are scholarly, concise, and instructive, and embody the results of much thought and wide reading.” — Expositor. THE ACTS OF THE APOSTLES. By the Rev. Prof. Lumby. \Preparing. London : C. J. Clay & Son , Cambridge University Press Warehouse , Ave Maria Lane. 24 PUBLICATIONS OF THE PITT PRESS SERIES. I. GREEK. THE ANABASIS OF XENOPHON, Books I. III. IV. and V. With a Map and English Notes by Alfred Pretor, M.A., Fellow of St Catharine’s College, Cambridge ; Editor of Persius and Cicero ad Atti- cutn Book I. 'is. each. “ In Mr Pretor’s edition of the Anabasis the text of Kiihner has been followed in the main, while the exhaustive and admirable notes of the great German editor have been largely utilised. These notes deal with the minutest as well as the most important difficulties in construction, and all questions of history, antiquity, and geography are briefly but very effectually elucidated.” — The Examiner. “We welcome this addition to the other books of the Anabasis so ably edited by Mr Pretor. Although originally intended for the use of candidates at the university local examinations, yet this edition will be found adapted not only to meet the wants of the junior student, but even advanced scholars will find much in this work that will repay its perusal.” — The Schoolmaster. “Mr Pretor’s ‘Anabasis of Xenophon, Book IV.’ displays a union of accurate Cambridge scholarship, with experience of what is required by learners gained in examining middle-class schools. The text is large and clearly printed, and the notes explain all difficulties. . . . Mr Pretor’s notes seem to be all that could be wished as regards grammar, geography, and other matters.” — The Academy. BOOKS II. VI. and VII. By the same Editor. 2s. 6d. each. “Another Greek text, designed it would seem for students preparing for the local examinations, is ‘Xenophon’s Anabasis,’ Book II., with English Notes, by Alfred Pretor, M.A. The editor has exercised his usual discrimination in utilising the text and notes of Kuhner, with the occasional assistance of the best hints of Schneider, Vollbrecht and Macmichael on critical matters, and of Mr R. W. Taylor on points of history and geography. . . When Mr Pretor commits himself to Commentator’s work, he is eminently helpful. . . Had we to introduce a young Greek scholar to Xenophon, we should esteem ourselves fortunate in having Pretor’s text-book as our chart and guide.” — Contemporary Review. THE ANABASIS OF XENOPHON, by A. Pretor, M.A., Text and Notes, complete in two Volumes. 7 s. 6d. AGESILAUS OF XENOPHON. The Text revised with Critical and Explanatory Notes, Introduction, Analysis, and Indices. By H. Hailstone, M.A., late Scholar of Peterhouse, Cambridge, Editor of Xenophon’s Hellenics, etc. as. 6d. ARISTOPHANES— RANAE. With English Notes and Introduction by W. C. Green, M.A., late Assistant Master at Rugby School. y. 6d. ARISTOPHANES — AVES. By the same Editor. New Edition, y. 6d. “The notes to both plays are excellent. Much has been done in these two volumes to render the study of Aristophanes a real treat to a boy instead of a drudgery, by helping him to under¬ stand the fun and to express it in his mother tongue.” — The Examiner. ARISTOPHANES — PLUTUS. By the same Editor. $s.6d. EURIPIDES. HERCULES FURENS. With Intro¬ ductions, Notes and Analysis. ByJ. T. Hutchinson, M. A., Christ’s College, and A. Gray, M.A., Fellow of Jesus College, as. “Messrs Hutchinson and Gray have produced a careful and useful edition.” — Saturday Review. THE HERACLEIDAb OF EURIPIDES, with Introduc¬ tion and Critical Notes by E. A. Beck, M.A., Fellow of Trinity Hall. y. 6d. London : C. J. Clay Son, Cambridge University Press Warehouse , Ave Maria Lane . THE CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS. 2$ LUCIANI SOMNIUM CHARON PISCATOR ET DE LUCTU, with English Notes by W. E. Heitland, M.A., Fellow of St John’s College, Cambridge. New Edition, with Appendix. 3T. 6 d. OUTLINES OF THE PHILOSOPHY OF ARISTOTLE. Edited by E. Wallace, M.A. (See p. 30.) II. LATIN. M. T. CICERONIS DE AMICITIA. Edited by J. S. Reid, M.L., Fellow and Assistant Tutor of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. New Edition, with Additions. 3T. 6d. “Mr Reid has decidedly attained his aim, namely, ‘a thorough examination of the Latinity of the dialogue. * . The revision of the text is most valuable, and comprehends sundry acute corrections. . . . This volume, like Mr Reid’s other editions, is a solid gain to the scholar¬ ship of the country.” — Athenceum. “A more distinct gain to scholarship is Mr Reid’s able and thorough edition of the De Amicitia of Cicero, a work of which, whether we regard the exhaustive introduction or the instructive and most suggestive commentary, it would be difficult to speak too highly. . . . When we come to the commentary, we are only amazed by its fulness in proportion to its bulk. Nothing is overlooked which can tend to enlarge the learner’s general knowledge of Ciceronian Latin or to elucidate the text.” — Saturday Review. M. T. CICERONIS CATO MAJOR DE SENECTUTE. Edited by J. S. Reid, M. L. 3 s. 6d. “The notes are excellent and scholarlike, adapted for the upper forms of public schools, and likely to be useful even to more advanced students.” — Guardian. M. T. CICERONIS ORATIO PRO ARCHIA POETA. Edited by J. S. Reid, M.L. Revised Edition. 2 s. “ It is an admirable specimen of careful editing. An Introduction tells us everything we could wish to know about Archias, about Cicero’s connexion with him, about the merits of the trial, and the genuineness of the speech. The text is well and carefully printed. The notes are clear and scholar-like. . . . No boy can master this little volume without feeling that he has advanced a long step in scholarship.” — The Academy. M. T. CICERONIS PRO L. CORNELIO BALBO ORA- TIO. Edited by J. S. Reid, M.L. it. 6d. “We are bound to recognize the pains devoted in the annotation of these two orations to the minute and thorough study of their Latinity, both in the ordinary notes and in the textual appendices.” — Saturday Review. M. T. CICERONIS PRO P. CORNELIO SULLA ORATIO. Edited by J. S. Reid, M.L. $s. 6d. “ Mr Reid is so well known to scholars as a commentator on Cicero that a new work from him scarcely needs any commendation of ours. His edition of the speech Pro Sulla is fully equal in merit to the volumes which he has already published ... It would be difficult to speak too highly of the notes. There could be no better way of gaining an insight into the characteristics of Cicero’s style and the Latinity of his period than by making a careful study of this speech with the aid of Mr Reid’s commentary . . . Mr Reid’s intimate knowledge of the minutest details of scholarship enables him to detect and explain the slightest points of distinction between the usages of different authors and different periods . . . The notes are followed by a valuable appendix on the text, and another on points of orthography ; an excellent index brings the work to a close.” — Saturday Review. M. T. CICERONIS PRO CN. PLANCIO ORATIO. Edited by H. A. Holden, LL.D. , late Head Master of Ipswich School. 41. 6d. “As a book for students this edition can have few rivals. It is enriched by an excellent intro¬ duction and a chronological table of the principal events of the life of Cicero ; while in its ap¬ pendix, and in the notes on the text which are added, there is much of the greatest value. The volume is neatly got up, and is in every way commendable.”— The Scotsman. “ Dr Holden’s own edition is all that could be expected from his elegant and practised scholarship. . . . Dr Holden has evidently made up bis mind as to the character of the commentary most likely to be generally useful ; and he has carried out his views with admirable thoroughness.” — Academy. “ Dr Holden has given us here an excellent edition. The commentary is even unusually full and complete; and after going through it carefully, we find little or nothing to criticize. There is an excellent introduction, lucidly explaining the circumstances under which the speech was delivered, a table of events in the life of Cicero and a useful index.” Spectator , Oct. 29, 1881. London : C. y. Cl A Y Son , Cambridge University Press Warehouse , Ave Maria Lane. 26 PUBLICATIONS OF M. T. CICERONIS IN Q. CAECILIUM DIVINATIO ET IN C. VERREM ACTIO PRIMA. With Introduction and Notes by W. E. Heitland, M.A., and Herbert Cowie, M.A., Fellows of St John’s College, Cambridge. y. M. T. CICERONIS ORATIO PRO L. MURENA, with English Introduction and Notes. By W. E. Heitland. M.A., Fellow and Classical Lecturer of St John’s College, Cambridge. Second Edition, carefully revised. y. “ Those students are to be deemed fortunate who have to read Cicero’s lively and brilliant oration for L. Murena with Mr Heitland’s handy edition, which may be pronounced ‘four-square’ in point of equipment, and which has, not without good reason, attained the honours of a second edition.” — Saturday Review. M, T. CICERONIS IN GAIUM VERREM ACTIO PRIMA. With Introduction and Notes. By H. Cowie, M.A., Fellow of St John’s College, Cambridge, ij. 6d. M. T. CICERONIS ORATIO PRO T. A. MILONE, with a Translation of Asconius’ Introduction, Marginal Analysis and English Notes. Edited by the Rev. John Smyth Purton, B.D., late President and Tutor of St Catharine’s College. 2s. 6d. “The editorial work is excellently done.” — The Academy. M. T. CICERONIS SOMNIUM SCIPIONIS. With In¬ troduction and Notes. By W. D. Pearman, M.A., Head Master of Potsdam School, Jamaica. 2s. P. OVIDII NASONIS FASTORUM Liber VI. With a Plan of Rome and Notes by A. Sidgwick, M.A. Tutor of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, is. 6d. “ Mr Sidgwick’s editing of the Sixth Book of Ovid’s Fasti furnishes a careful and serviceable volume for average students. It eschews ‘construes’ which supersede the use of the dictionary, but gives full explanation of grammatical usages and historical and mythical allusions, besides illustrating peculiarities of style, true and false derivations, and the more remarkable variations of the text.” — Saturday Review. “ It is eminently good and useful. . . . The Introduction is singularly clear on the astronomy of Ovid, which is properly shown to be ignorant and confused ; there is an excellent little map of Rome, giving just the places mentioned in the text and no more ; the notes are evidently written by a practical schoolmaster.” — The Academy. GAI IULI CAESARIS DE BELLO GALLICO COM¬ MENT. I. II. With English Notes and Map by A. G. Peskett, M.A., Fellow of Magdalene College, Cambridge, Editor of Caesar De Bello Gallico, VII. 2 s. 6d. BOOKS III. AND VI. By the same Editor, is. 6d. each. “ In an unusually succinct introduction he gives all the preliminary and collateral information that is likely to be useful to a young student ; and, wherever we have examined his notes, we have found them eminently practical and satisfying. . . The book may well be recommended for careful study in school or college.” — Saturday Review . “The notes are scholarly, short, and a real help to the most elementary beginners in Latin prose.” — The Examiner. BOOKS IV. AND V. AND Book VII. by the same Editor. 2 s. each. BOOK VIII. by the same Editor. London : C. J. Cl a y 0° Son, Cambridge University Press Warehouse, Ave Maria Lane. {In the Press. THE CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS. 27 P. VERGILI MARONIS AENEIDOS Libri I., II., III., IV., V., VI., VII., VIII., IX., X., XI., XII. Edited with Notes by A. Sidgwick, M.A. Tutor of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, is. 6d. each. “ Much more attention is given to the literary aspect of the poem than is usually paid to it in editions intended for the use of beginners. The introduction points out the distinction between primitive and literary epics, explains the purpose of the poem, and gives an outline of the story.” — Saturday Review. “ Mr Arthur Sidgwick’s ‘Vergil, Aeneid, Book XII.’ is worthy of his reputation, and is dis¬ tinguished by the same acuteness and accuracy of knowledge, appreciation of a boy’s difficulties and ingenuity and resource in meeting them, which we have on other occasions had reason to praise in these pages.” — The Academy. “As masterly in its clearly divided preface and appendices as in the sound and independent character of its annotations. . . . There is a great deal more in the notes than mere compilation and suggestion. ... No difficulty is left unnoticed or unhandled.” — Saturday Review. “This edition is admirably adapted for the use of junior students, who will find in it the result of much reading in a condensed form, and clearly expressed.” — Cambridge Indepe?ident Press. BOOKS VII. VIII. in one volume. 3^. BOOKS IX. X. in one volume. 3^. BOOKS X., XI., XII. in one volume. 3s. 6d. QUINTUS CURTIUS. A Portion of the History. (Alexander in India.) By W. E. Heitland, M.A., Fellow and Lecturer of St John’s College, Cambridge, and T. E. Raven, B.A., Assistant Master in Sherborne School. 3 a 6d. “Equally commendable as a genuine addition to the existing stock of school-books is Alexander in India , a compilation from the eighth and ninth books of Q. Curtius, edited for the Pitt Press by Messrs Heitland and Raven. . . . The work of Curtius has merits of its own, which, in former generations, made it a favourite with English scholars, and which still make it a popular text- book in Continental schools . The reputation of Mr Heitland is a sufficient guarantee for the scholarship of the notes, which are ample without being excessive, and the book is well furnished with all that is needful in the nature of maps, indexes, and ap¬ pendices.” —Academy. M. ANNAEI LUCANI PHARSALIAE LIBER PRIMUS, edited with English Introduction and Notes by W. E. Heitland, M.A. and C. E. Haskins, M.A., Fellows and Lecturers of St John’s Col¬ lege, Cambridge, is. 6d. “A careful and scholarlike production.” — Times. “ In nice parallels of Lucan from Latin poets and from Shakspeare, Mr Haskins and Mr Heitland deserve praise.” — Saturday Review. BED A;S ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, BOOKS III., IV., the Text from the very ancient MS. in the Cambridge University Library, collated with six other MSS. Edited, with a life from the German of Ebert, and with Notes, &c. by J. E. B. Mayor, M.A., Professor of Latin, and J. R. Lumby, D.D., Norrisian Professor of Divinity. Revised edition. 7 s. 6 d. “To young students of English History the illustrative notes will be of great service, while the study of the texts will be a good introduction to Mediaeval Latin.” — The Nonconformist. “In Bede’s works Englishmen can go back to origines of their history, unequalled for form and matter by any modern European nation. Prof. Mayor has done good service in ren¬ dering a part of Bede’s greatest work accessible to those who can read Latin with ease. He has adorned this edition of the third and fourth books of the ‘Ecclesiastical History’ with that amazing erudition for which he is unrivalled among Englishmen and rarely equalled by Germans. And however interesting and valuable the text may be, we can certainly apply to his notes the expression, La sauce va^lt mieux que le poisson. They are literally crammed with interest¬ ing information about early English life. For though ecclesiastical in name, Bede’s history treats of all parts of the national life, since the Church had points of contact with all.” — Examiner. BOOKS I. and II. In the Press. London : C. J. Cl a Y &> Son, Cambridge University Press Warehouse , Ave Maria Lane. 28 PUBLICATIONS OF III. FRENCH. LE BOURGEOIS GENTILHOMME, Comedie-Ballet en Cinq Actes. Par J.-B. Poquelin de Moli£re (1670). With a life of Moliere and Grammatical and Philological Notes. By the Rev. A. C. C LAPIN, M. A., St John’s College, Cambridge, and Bachelier-es-Lettres of the University of France, is. 6d. LA PICCIOLA. By X. B. Saintine. The Text, with Introduction, Notes and Map, by the same Editor, 2s. LA GUERRE. By Mm. Erckmann-Chatrian. With Map, Introduction and Commentary by the same Editor. 3s. LAZARE HOCHE— PAR EMILE DE BONNECHOSE. With Three Maps, Introduction and Commentary, by C. Colbeck, M.A., late Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge; Assistant Master at Harrow School. 2 s. LE VERRE D’EAU. A Comedy, by Scribe. With a Biographical Memoir, and Grammatical, Literary and Historical Notes. By the same Editor. “ It may be national prejudice, but we consider this edition far superior to any of the series which hitherto have been edited exclusively by foreigners. Mr Colbeck seems better to under¬ stand the wants and difficulties of an English boy. The etymological notes especially are admi¬ rable. . . . The historical notes and introduction are a piece of thorough honest work.” — Journal of Education. HISTOIRE DU SIECLE DE LOUIS XIV PAR VOLTAIRE. Parti. Chaps. I. — XIII. Edited with Notes Philological and Historical, Biographical and Geographical Indices, etc. by Gustave Masson, B. A. Univ. Gallic., Officier d’Academie, Assistant Master of Harrow School, and G. W. 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