£tbrar>> of "the 'theological ^emmary PRINCETON • NEW JERSEY FROM THE LIBRARY OF ROBERT ELLIOTT SPEER 3X3Z50 .PM DT WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 1923 The Story of a Church A HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH (Methodist Episcopal Church, South) AT PETERSBURG, VIRGINIA 1773 - 1923 By / P. H. DREWRY, B. A. COPYRIGHT. 1923 By P. H. DREWRY PUBLISHED BY PLUMMER PRINTING CO.. INC. PETERSBURG. VIRGINIA TO REV. JOHN B. WINN, D. D. AND The Board of Stewards of The Church Whose reference to me of this interesting lab or of love is as highly appreciated as is the friendship and brotherly affection they have continually bestowed upon me during my many unworthy years, This Book is Dedicated. Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2019 with funding from Princeton Theological Seminary Library https://archive.org/details/storyofchurchhisOOdrew PREFACE A T a Church Conference, held in Washington Street Church on July 24, 1921, a resolution was L adopted asking that I prepare a sketch of the church showing the part it had played in Methodism, for use at the celebration of the 150th anniversary of Methodism in Petersburg. The task was accepted with diffidence, but with a feeling that such a duty could not be shirked. It was not the original intention of the author to make such an extended work, but as the field was searched, the data began to pile up, until it was almost overwhelming; yet it seemed more and more imperative that the material so collected should be compiled in order that the members of this church and Methodists in general should be made familiar with the accomplishments of this chapter of the De¬ nomination. Washington Street Church is the direct out-growth of the formation of the first Society in 1773, and it is the parent Church of Methodism in Peters¬ burg. In addition, it was from this beginning there was scattered the seed of Methodist belief over Southside Virginia. In Washington Street Church were held some of the meetings of the First Confer¬ ence of the M. E. Church, South. It is a wonderful story, but far beyond the humble powers of the author to give it the description it requires. However, the duty has been fulfilled, though poorly, to the best of my ability in the limited time at my disposal and with a press of other w T ork claim¬ ing my attention. There was no precedent to guide. So far as the author knows it is the first time that a church in Southern Methodism has attempted to 8 THE STORY OF A CHURCH trace so fully its connection from the beginning with the history of the organization. It may be unique also in that this sketch has been drawn from many sources, every thread converging to the particular subject, the centrepiece of which is the story of the building which its members love, and of the men and women who made it, whose memories are very dear. Necessarily therefore it is a compilation in the main. Much of the general history herein contained is from Bang’s “History of the M. E. Church”, Dixon’s “Methodism in America”, Asbury’s “Journal,” Lee’s “Short History of the Methodists”, Steven’s “History of the Methodist Church”, LeRoy Lee’s “Life and Times of Jesse Lee”, Redford’s “History of the Or¬ ganization of the M. E. Church, South”, Alexander’s “History of the M. E. Church, South”, McTyeire’s “'A History of Methodism”, Bennett’s “Memorials of Methodism”, Parham’s “Methodism in Petersburg”, the Journals of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, the minutes of the Virginia Conference, the recorded minutes of Washington Street Church, the old records of the City of Petersburg, and news¬ paper references, and verbal statements from citi¬ zens of Petersburg. The personal sketches had to be brief. Indebted¬ ness is acknowledged to friends and relatives of the subjects, whose written data has been inserted at times with little editing. The author wishes to thank Dr. J. B. Winn and Dr. F. L. Wells for advice and friendly interest; also Mrs. J. W. Hays, whose help has been invaluable in research and the compilation of data concerning the Pastors and Stewards; and Mr. W. A. Williamson, who assisted in the preparation of the reference to the Sunday School work; and Miss Ruth Blanks for help in the work of the Missionary Societies, and Dr. T. McN. Simpson, Jr., of Randolph-Macon Col¬ lege for assistance in obtaining certain information about the Methodist Church. Petersburg, Va., October 31st, 1923. P. H. DREWRY. TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I.Page 11 A Church, and its Members. CHAPTER II.Page 18 Methodism in America. CHAPTER III.Page 33 Methodism in Virginia. CHAPTER IV.Page 38 Methodism in Petersburg—1773. CHAPTER V.Page 47 The Meeting Place on Old Street (1773 to 1775). The Meeting House on Har¬ rison Street (1775 to 1781). The Meet¬ ing House on Market Street (1788 to 1818). Francis Asbury in Petersburg (1773 to 1816). CHAPTER VI.Page 63 Union Street Church—1818 to 1842. CHAPTER VII.Page 81 Washington Street Church—1842 to 1923. CHAPTER VIII.Page 115 List of Pastors from 1773 to 1923— Sketches. LIST OF STEWARDS.Page 180 List of Stewards from 1773 to 1923— Sketches. ILLUSTRATIONS: Washington Street Church—1923. Page 2 Meeting House on Market Street—1788 to 1818. Page 46 Union Street Church—1818 to 1842. Page 62 Washington Street Church—1842 to 1890 Page 80 Washington Street Church—1890. Page 114 CHAPTER I. A Church and its Members HE word “Church” is used in a double sense not only to apply to the building, but to the congregation; and the “building of it” not only to the physical structure but to the continuation of the membership and their growth in things spiritual. It is .the building used for Christian worship, and it is the Christian community itself. The history of Washington Street Church is a his¬ tory of both the building or buildings, and those who worshipped in them. It must necessarily also be a history of the locality, in that it refers to the people of the town, and the work they did. Washington Street Church, in its houses of wor¬ ship, indicates the growth of Petersburg—its pros¬ perity—its fluctuation in land values—its increase of population and the change in its territory. It also exemplifies in its worshippers the spirit of the men who made the town—who increased its prosperity— who built it up—who enlarged its trade—who made it grow. In mediaeval times churches were built not for the needs of the population, but according to the wealth and piety of their founders. Many motives actuated them—maybe they were built as acts of propitiation, or possibly with the idea of perpetuating the names of the founders, or to outdo their rivals. As religion 12 THE STORY OF A CHURCH became more simplified, churches were less orna¬ mental and more utilitarian. In modern times, the church building is intended to be consonant with the needs of the community. Nevertheless in some of our large modern structures the old idea seems to have a recurrence. The physical structure is “The Lord’s House” and is built for the Glory of God. Someone has said it is “a petrification of the beliefs and ideals” of the builders. Perhaps it is and yet it is more than a “petrification”, let us hope—a great deal more than “a tall building with a tower and bells”. Certainly such a thought cannot be laid at the doors of the Methodist congregations that ended in Washington Street Church. The structures were laid with piety, and the wealth that made possible the enlargement for better work was sought and paid that the good work might go on. Piety raised the hallowed walls, even though money was necessarily put into its build¬ ing. God only knows the sacrifices made by the builders, and only God sees the tears that sometimes watered the cement in the walls. The stone bought with the contribution of the widow is stronger than the marble pillars of the man of wealth. The Church that endures is the Church built by many and not the Church erected with the means of a few. A Church, in its physical aspect, is unlike that of any other structure. Involuntarily the hand goes to the head, and removes its covering, upon entering the building. This simple act of rev¬ erence acknowledges the spiritual atmosphere. There is no such feeling existent in removing the hat in any other building. Angels’ wings have per¬ haps fanned the air here, or perhaps souls in anguish have here bared themselves to Almighty God and found peace from their unworthiness. Admiration is given to noble architectural works, whose columns possess you with their grandeur and beauty, but HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 13 here you look at “spires whose silent finger points to heaven”. The mansions of the great, the coli¬ seums and pyramids tower beyond your imagination; the great theatres of amusement and the wonderful assembly places of the peoples of the world enthrall you with their magnificence; but even the simplest place of worship takes you beyond yourself into the awe of “The Beyond”. The community religious life is social and the church building was intended to house those of the same religious convictions—a spiritual society. This was especially the strong conviction of “those called Methodists”. They had no church buildings and their preachers spoke in the open, being much criticised thereby. John Wesley had a strong aversion to preaching out doors, but finally concluded that it was best, for it gave him an opportunity to get a larger audience. As soon, however, as it was possible his “societies” leased halls or rooms, mainly to have shelter in case of inclement weather, and then began to erect buildings suitable for their purposes. As the needs of the church grew for other purposes than an auditorium, such as Sunday s'chool rooms, class rooms, etc., church buildings were enlarged to accommodate the growing needs and uses of the church community. The early Methodist churches in Petersburg were not ornate buildings, with colored light streaming through stained glass and tinting pew and pulpit. Nor were the pews and pulpits carved or elaborated. Everything was of the simplest. “But such plain roofs as piety could raise And only vocal with the Maker’s praise.” Methodism was a revulsion to a more simple and purely religious manner of preaching the gospel, and its followers shunned all things that partook of decoration. Naturally this idea was extended to their places of worship. It may be suggested here 14 THE STORY OF A CHURCH that great manifestations of religious feeling are not heard of in the highly decorated churches of today as they were in the plain meeting houses of olden time. The first Methodist church of Petersburg and the beautiful structure which was its outgrowth, now known as Washington Street, was an exemplification of spiritual enthusiasm spending itself in giving its money to provide a place for continued future use¬ fulness. It is a far cry from the “meeting place” on Old Street to Washington Street Church, one of the best equipped churches in Southern Methodism, a cry that has rung down the years for a century and a half, but from the first beginning to the present time there has always been the same spirit of earnestness. The people who composed the early Methodist churches of Petersburg were mainly merchants and people in the middle walks of life. The rich planters and the wealthy people were Episcopalians. In fact there was no Methodist organization at all until 1773. Prior to that time there was only one church and that was Episcopalian. Two business men of Petersburg introduced Meth¬ odism in Petersburg. They gathered around them other business men and pious women. From that time to this, the history of this church has been and is the history of the same class of people, the faith¬ ful and the meek, carrying on their business six days and on the seventh coming together to worship in their own way according to their own beliefs in a building consecrated to the service of God. They realized then as it is realized now that a church was necessary for their services. No doubt they were helped in erecting the building by many who were not church-goers. It seems that non-members should be glad to contribute to the building of a church. Its uses are so varied and so public that it becomes a HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 15 community building from the time it is erected. Pub¬ lic gatherings for social and even business purposes may take place here; in times of great public cala¬ mity or stress first of all the people turn to the churches and their doors have been thrown open to the sick and the wounded; in times of starvation, the church is the centre of relief; in days of thanksgiv¬ ing, the people turn to the church. To the individual it plays as great a part in his life—his baby eyes open in its shaded light at his christening; the sorrows of his life are here experienced as his tears fall un¬ ashamed at the burial services of a friend or loved one; here are spoken the words that bind him to the chosen one of his heart. The man is negligent in¬ deed who fails to realize the part the church build¬ ing plays in his life, whether he be a member or not, and the man is stingy or thoughtless who fails to give to a church,—he never knows when he may accept of its use. The congregations of those days were not unlike those of today. There were more women than men, as is shown by the rosters. Generally speaking this is probably true now. There were people of all walks of life from every profession and class and from many places. It is reasonable to suppose also that there were present not only those who were thinking of their sins, but some who were consider¬ ing their own clothes as well as those of others. Human nature evidences itself in church as well as in the theatre. There were times of great mani¬ festations of religious feeling and other periods w r hen such manifestations almost disappeared. There were present attentive listeners to the preacher’s discourse and faithful worshippers; there were also present some who paid more attention to the per¬ sonal appearance of the people in the church than they did to the service. 16 THE STORY OF A CHURCH The lives of the men and women that go to make up a church are continually passing away, yet the church goes on. The church is greater than the membership and greater than the pastors who serve it. Sometimes, it would be advantageous for both to remember that the church is above the preacher or the layman. When the time comes that the in¬ terests of any church however humble are made sub¬ servient to the individual interests of a minister or set of ministers, seeking to promote their own per¬ sonal ambitions, then churches are dead. There is too much talk at the Conferences about “church poli¬ tics” for the churches to prosper as they should either in the sight of God or man. A similar idea applies to the laymen. There have been times when a church has so lost its spiritual character as merely to be known as the place of worship attended by “Brother So-and-So”, usually the man who gives the most money to its upkeep and maintenance and arro¬ gates to himself the right to control everything con¬ nected with it. It may be well to recall those well known lines of Pope: “Who builds a church to God and not to fame Will never mark the marble with his name.” The History of a Church! To be properly done it would have to be inscribed by the pen of a Dante, moved by a fiery imagination of the good and the bad, with the charitable genius of a Milton flowing therefrom. The task is beyond the feeble powers of a layman, even though he be possessed of a love for his fellow-man as well as for the sacred edifice. For the story of a church is not merely the story of wood and brick and stone and mortar placed here or there by the hand of skilful workmen; nor is it the story of the physical lives of men and women who gathered together merely for worship. The Story of a Church is the story of a soul, nay even more, for there could HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 17 hardly be a composite soul—it is the story of souls. The story of the life of a church is the story of the spiritual life of its members on earth, as that life is quickened and nurtured by the Grace of God which is manifest in Jesus Christ. “The Story of the Souls”—it grips your imagina¬ tion, it seizes you in a tightening hold, not to be broken. Not the story of men marked by other men to shine in light, nor those predestined to stand forth in the gaze of multitudes, but the story of the souls of everyday men and women. Men and women who desired to “do their bit” for humanity before they “passed on” and in so doing to feel that they had made some amends for evil done; men and women blundering and stumbling to a better world, falling and rising again, and thanking God that they could rise in His temple, if even for a brief space, out of darkness into light. CHAPTER II. Methodism in America A MEMBER of Washington Street Church is a Methodist of the Methodist Episcopal Church, L South. Methodism is an expression to denote the religious organizations which follow the evangelistic teach¬ ings of John Wesley. A “Methodist” is one who is governed by a method, a rule; and was given orig¬ inally as a nickname to Wesley and some fellow- students at Oxford College in 1729, who met to¬ gether for mutual assistance in the pursuit of their studies, and religious duties, and who regulated their work by certain rules. It is clear that Wesley in the beginning did not intend to found a new church. He accepted the doctrines of the Church of England, but he taught them in a new way, insisting with zeal and intense earnestness upon the personal influence of these doc¬ trines on the inner life and spirit of the members of the organization. The Church of England in its insistence upon the form had lost some of the spirit of personal religion, and Wesley and his followers finding the established churches closed to them, preached anywhere they could get an audience, mostly out of doors, which was contrary to the gen¬ eral practice. Their members, without ordination as preachers, were allowed to exhort and preach lo- HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 19 cally. “Class Meetings” were established and mem¬ bership in the church became fixed, upon acceptance of membership in a Society. Methodism had many converts and spread through most parts of England and Ireland, and then to America. In making this summary of Methodism in America no attempt will be made to go into the political history of the church further than in the most gen¬ eral manner, for the purpose of this work is to pay more attention to the individual elements composing the organization; to show the characteristics of the Methodists of earlier days; to delineate the pur¬ poses which actuated them; thereby giving an in¬ sight into their lives and work. Herein will be set out the “little things”—the union of which makes the mainsprings of historic action. The same method will be pursued in the general account of Methodism in Virginia. Naturally with that end in view more considera¬ tion must be given the beginnings and special hap¬ penings than the general progress of the church. Methodism in America originated in the hearts and actions of emigrants from Great Britain and Ireland, who found themselves in this new country without any religious organization. They formed themselves into classes and met for worship at their homes; until their enlarged membership demanded more commodious quarters for the congregation. The first Society was in New York City. It is true John Wesley, nearly thirty years before the above occurrence, had formed a society in Savannah, but this Society had dissolved after Wesley’s departure, and there was no complete organization until Philip Embury became the real founder of Methodism in his efforts at an organization in New York. Capt. Webb, who had come from England, assisted Em¬ bury, and soon they wrote to Wesley and asked that 20 THE STORY OF A CHURCH he would send ministers over to them. The first Methodist Church in America was erected in New York City in 1768 by these earnest people but a “meeting house” had been built in Maryland about 1764. It was a big undertaking for them. As was said by a later writer, “Then the building of a Church in honor of the Supreme Being was everywhere considered to be a momentous under¬ taking, and not as it seems to be at present, a business of ordinary consideration.” This obser¬ vation might apply to modern times, when it occa¬ sionally seems that such structures are erected without even “ordinary consideration”. So far has this excitement in building gone that only recently a Methodist Bishop referred to it as “an orgy of church building”. “Too much building of fine churches will become a damnation instead of an inspiration,” said the Bishop, “if we lose sight of our real duty to God and to humanity.” One of the members of this con¬ gregation in writing to Wesley for a preacher asked that he send “a man of wisdom, of sound faith, and a good disciplinarian, one whose heart and soul are in the work” and he very ingenuously continued “with respect to money for the payment of the preacher’s passage over if they could not procure it, we would sell our coats and shirts to procure it for them”. In response to this appeal Mr. Wesley sent Messrs. Boardman and Pillmore in 1769, but history is silent as to the necessity of the deprivation of the coats and shirts of their auditors. Others soon followed and societies were formed in Maryland and other places. Then circuits, were established in various parts of the United States as soon as preachers could be ob¬ tained for them. Among these were Francis Asbury and Richard Wright, and these men labored from New York, through Maryland, Virginia and North Carolina. Asburv’s Journal says that when he ar¬ rived in America in 1771 he found 300 Methodists in HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 21 New York, 250 in Philadelphia and a few in New Jersey. Mr. Pillmore wrote a letter to Mr. Wesley in 1769 in which he said, “Here seems to be a great and ef¬ fectual door opening in this country. The people in general like to hear the word and seem to have some ideas of salvation by grace”. This English preacher, who could not stand the 4 strain of the Revolution, was correct in saying that Methodism, with its own methods of religious work was in favor in the new country. It was especially adapted to American territory at that time. The itinerant ministry of Methodism met the need of the hour in America. The country was thinly settled and there were few opportunities for religious ser¬ vice on the frontiers of civilization. The Methodists divided up the land into circuits, hundreds of miles in extent, and sent their traveling evangelists for¬ ward as fast as the pioneers themselves went through the uncivilized forests. With the organization then formed into local “societies,” the class leaders and Lay Preachers kept it intact for the return of the Evangelistic preachers. The people were pioneers in a new world, and there were lacking the luxuries of civilization; the Methodist preachers were pio¬ neers of a new method of religious procedure, seeing not the necessity for any “frills” either in form, or substance. The two forces, one economic and politi¬ cal, the other religious, met on common ground. There were no churches in the wilderness, so they prayed and sang in the cabins; if there were no cabins, an old stump did for a platform and there was no hindrance to the ascent of the prayer under God’s sky. Simple and plain men preaching simply and plainly to simple and plain people an easily understood religion. The earnestness and sincerity of these evangelists in preaching their Gospel was evidenced by their manner of life and their willing- 22 THE STORY OF A CHURCH ness to share the privations of the people unto whom they ministered. Of course, they had power to sway their audiences. Men who were so earnestly im¬ bued with a desire to save the souls of their fellow- men, even in those days, did not go into the outposts of civilization and brave all the dangers of un¬ traveled forests merely for $64 a year. So their earnestness impressed these earnest builders of a new nation and their societies increased in numbers and influence, their circuits were extended and new ones created, and the Methodists must look to the broadening of their system. How simply but power¬ fully they formed their organization! It stands to¬ day the most powerful politically-efficient organiza¬ tion in the United States. Churches, Circuits, Quar¬ terly Conferences, District Conferences, Annual Con¬ ferences, Quadrennial Conferences; members and preachers, and Presiding Elders and Bishops; a con¬ tinuity of movement, never-ceasing, restless, elastic, energetic and earnest. The itinerant system of the Methodist Church made the church—it was suited to the times. Whether it should be made more elastic in its form at this time is a much argued question. The elasticity of one period may become rigidity in another. The societies in America were governed by the same rules as those in England, drawn up by Wesley, and, with only few changes, still govern the members of the church. It might be profitable, anyhow in¬ teresting, to set down a few of these rules in the language of that early day. “By doing no harm, by avoiding evil of every kind, such as— The profaning the day of the Lord, either by doing ordinary work thereon or by buying or selling. The giving or taking things on usury. Uncharitable or unprofitable conversation. HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 23 Doing what we know is not for the glory of God: As— The putting on of gold or costly apparel. Softness and needless self-indulgence. Borrowing without a probability of paying; or taking up goods without a probability of pay¬ ing for them. By doing good, especially to them that are of the household of faith, or groaning so to be; employing them preferably to others, buying one of another, helping each other in business. Carefully to abstain from doing evil; in par¬ ticular to taste no spirituous liquor, nor dram of any kind, unless prescribed by a physician. To pawn nothing. Not to mention the fault of any behind his back, and to stop those short that do.” To return to the discussion of the itinerant system, it has been noted that Francis Asbury was sent over by Mr. Wesley in 1771. Then he was created Assis¬ tant, and General Assistant, and Superintendent and when the name of the office was changed he became Bishop along with Bishop Coke. He became the leader of the church and by his energy, executive ability, and zeal the organization began to grow by leaps and bounds. At the First Conference held in Philadelphia in 1773, there were ten travelling preachers and six cir¬ cuits with a membership as follows: New York, one hundred and eighty; New Jersey, two hundred; Philadelphia, one hundred and eighty; Maryland, five hundred; Norfolk and Petersburg (Virginia) one hundred; total membership, eleven hundred and sixty. At the Second Conference in 1774 there were seventeen travelling preachers, ten circuits and two thousand and seventy-three members. 24 THE STORY OF A CHURCH In 1784 was held the Thirteenth Conference, or the First General Conference, and there was formed the regular church with the name of The Methodist Episcopal Church. This step was so important that further notice should be taken of it. Prior to this time the organization, as has been seen, consisted of loosely-united “societies’’ in various parts of the country, subject to the orders of Wesley in England. The original intention was to make Methodism in America one large “society’’—not a church; but the spirit of independence was too strong in America for any kind of British domination—even religious. The storm of revolution had been gathering since 1765 and it broke at Lexington ten years later. From the beginning of the Revolutionary War until the independence of the United States was acknow¬ ledged by Great Britain in 1783 by the Treaty of Paris, the Methodists had proceeded with their work, and had carried through successfully large re¬ vivals, even though the war occasioned interruptions in certain places. It is a wonderful commentary upon the spirit of the American people that they should have gone through a revival of religion, such as the spread of Methodism, under the ministrations of British and Irish preachers without being swerved aside from their intention to administer their own affairs in their own way. These ministers were lis¬ tened to with respect as long as they did not inter¬ fere with the political conduct of the people. When the preachers failed to recognize this feeling, they were given to understand that it was better they should return to England. So it was but natural that the spirit of independence glowing strong should result in independence in church as well as State. Asbury came to America to remain permanently and this partly accounts for his popular control over the Methodists. His discipline was so strict, how¬ ever, that some of the preachers objected and Wes- HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 25 lev sent over Thomas Rankin to take charge. Ran¬ kin had no sympathy with the Colonies and with true British aloofness failed to identify himself with the Americans and returned to England within three years with all the other English preachers except Asbury. The American Methodists then worked out their own salvation until 1784, when Bishop Coke was sent by Wesley to be a joint Superintendent with Asbury. The Episcopal Office was made elective, and the Bishop (or Superintendent) was subject to the entire body of preachers. A plan of procedure was made, and a form of discipline was drawn up. The accepted regulations acknowledged Wesley as the head of the church and agreed to obey his orders in “matters belonging to church government”. They even looked forward to his death, but independently put them¬ selves on record “to do everything that we judge con¬ sistent with the cause of religion in America and the political interest of these States” to continue their relation with the Methodists in Europe. One regulation that was adopted persisted for a long time and may be referred to occasionally now, viz: the plainness and simplicity of dress. It read: “This is no time to give any encouragement to super¬ fluity of apparel. Give no ticket to any that wear high heads, enormous bonnets, ruffles or rings.” At this early date (1784) a member was expelled for marrying “an unawakened person” (that is, a person without religion). Drinking of intoxicating liquors was forbidden ex¬ cept for medicinal purposes. There were certain rules formed for a “helper”; some of them are set out below: “Be diligent. Never while away time. Be serious. Avoid all lightness, jesting and foolish talking. 26 THE STORY OF A CHURCH Converse sparingly and cautiously with wo¬ men: particularly with young women. Believe evil of no one: unless you see it done, take heed how you credit it. Put the best con¬ struction on every thing. Speak evil of no one: Keep your thoughts within your own breast, till you come to the person concerned. Do not affect the gentleman. A preacher of the gospel is the servant of all. Be ashamed of nothing but sin; not of fetch¬ ing wood (if time permit) or drawing water; not of cleaning your own shoes, or your neigh¬ bor’s. Be punctual. Do everything exactly at the time.” No comment is necessary. Certainly no apology should be made for setting them out. It will not hurt the progress of this account to inform the mem¬ bers of the church today what it meant in those days to belong to “the people called Methodists.” Men and women were not allowed to sit together in the churches. This was the rule, and is even now a custom, more or less observed, in some places. From the earliest times education was a part and parcel of the work of the Methodist Church. Books were printed and distributed under the directions of the Conferences and a special division of the church was given over to the work. The work done by publish¬ ing houses of Methodist in the United States today is tremendous. Schools and Colleges were proposed and every effort was made to educate the children of members of the church. As early as 1785 Cokesbury College was pro¬ moted with the express purpose of providing for Methodist children a seminary of learning “Where every advantage may be obtained which may promote HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 27 the prosperity of the present life, without endangering the morals and religion of the children through those temptations, to which they are too much exposed in most of the public schools.” This College later burnt down and was never rebuilt. After this many schools and colleges were established throughout the Country and the Methodist Colleges and Institutions of learning take first rank. There have been three great issues upon which the Methodist Conferences disagreed-—two of them were safely settled, but the third caused the split which re¬ sulted in a division into the Northern and Southern Conferences. These issues were 1st. The administra¬ tion of the Sacraments: 2nd. The power of the Bishop in making assignments: and 3rd. The question of slavery. These will be discussed briefly. Prior to 1779, the traveling preachers were not allowed to administer the ordinances of Baptism and Sacrament. The Southern preachers in Virginia and North Carolina contended that if God had called them to preach, he had also called them to administer the ordinances. At the Conference held in 1779, the Confer¬ ence appointed a committee to ordain and set apart preachers to administer the ordinances. The preachers thus ordained went forth, and in the South it was generally accepted. The Northern preachers opposed this and after some debate it was agreed to leave the question to Mr. Wesley. He settled it by sending Bishop Coke and two lay preachers to establish a church government and ordain preachers who should have the power to administer the ordinances. The breach was healed and peace once more reigned among the brethren. Having passed this danger point, the church found itself well started with eighteen-thou¬ sand members, one-hundred and five preaches, and fifty-two Circuits. The next sharp division occurred at the General Conference of 1792 in Baltimore. James O’Kelly, a 28 THE STORY OF A CHURCH Virginia preacher, offered an amendment as follows: “After the Bishop appoints the preachers at Confer¬ ence to their several circuits, if any one thinks himself injured by the appointment, he shall have liberty to appeal to the Conference and state his objections; and if the Conference approve his objections, the Bishop shall appoint him to another circuit.” Prob¬ ably the debate that followed this question of allowing an appeal from the decision of the Bishop was the most vigorous that ever took place at a Conference. Certainly it was more earnestly argued than any other question that preceded it. The motion of O’Kelly was lost and he and the preachers who agreed with him “set off for Virginia, taking their saddle-bags, great coats, and other bundles on their shoulders or arms, walking on foot to the place where they .left their horses, which was about twelve miles from town.” Re¬ gardless of the merits of the subject, that parade of preachers from Virginia trudging along the muddy road in the cold weather, with their “bundles” must have brought tears of regret at a division among brothers of religion, though the eyes would shine through the moisture at the sturdy independence of such men who stood firmly by their convictions, and their principles. It is hard for a layman, at this time, to see the necessity of such criticism of O’Kellv as was show- ered upon him for his proposal. The right of appeal is a firmly fixed principle in our jurisprudence and some method might have been devised to allow an appeal from the Bishop to the Conference in such cases. It is hardly probable that the Conference would have upset the plans of the Bishop, unless the members had felt that the appellant made out an unusual case. Of course, it took away from the Bishop some of his autocratic power, but on the other hand, the Method'st Church had from the beginning HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 29 of its history appealed to “The people,” with its simpli¬ city, its plainness, its lack of formality, all qualities of democracy. Anyhow, the motion was defeated, O’Kelly started a new church, and the Methodist Episcopal Church had a decrease of members in 1794 of two thousand one hundred and thirty-five, in 1795 of six thousand two hundred and seventeen, and in 1796 of two thousand six hundred and twenty-seven. From that year, however, down the years, the Methodist Episcopal Church has increased in mem¬ bers, power and influence. The history from now on is the history of the men w T ho made it. It spread all over the Country, holding its own in the centers of population and raising its prayers in the outskirts of civilization. Missions were established in far off corners of the earth. The Church was again required to meet an issue, and this time it would disrupt the organization, and there would be for many years two Methodist organiza¬ tions in the United States, one bearing the original name and the other “Methodist Episcopal Church, South.” The question at issue was the same question that disrupted the Nation—slavery. It was not a new matter. It had been before the Conferences from the earliest times and had always caused bitterness in the discussions. In 1780 there was much feeling engendered by the remarks of those who were opposed to slavery. Rules were passed against allowing membership to those who held slaves, but they were never enforced, and were altered from time to time. It happened in the Church as it happen¬ ed in the country at large. A few fanatics, determined to reform the world by prohibiting others from doing what they themselves did not do, continued an agita¬ tion, which became an irritation to such an extent that many refused to be driven into doing what they would probably have done if they had been left alone. No one disputes at this day that Virginia, and probably 30 THE STORY OF A CHURCH other Southern States would have gradually freed their slaves. History is full of events and incidents that prove this. The first Methodist in Petersburg, Vir¬ ginia, as will be seen later, freed his slaves and many others did the same. There were state laws however that had to be complied with and the Methodists have always been known as law abiding people. The O’Kelly incident also shows that they can’t be driven. But the attempt was made, and the Southern members with¬ drew and formed a new organization. No good can be accomplished by going into the subject in detail. The issue was disposed of by the division so far as the Church was concerned. As for the nation, the matter was settled by the appeal to the arbitrament of arms. In due course the two great sectional divisions will probably be re-united, never again to be separated and one can almost hear Bishop Asbury, who formed the organization, shout “Amen” at the expression of this sentiment for their union. The trouble came to a head at the General Confer¬ ence of 1844. Bishop Andrew, a resident of Alabama was a slaveholder. He was requested by the Confer¬ ence “to desist” from the office of B.'shop while this stigma remained. The Southern delegates opposed this as a reflection upon Methodism in their section. After general discussion, the Plan of Jurisdictional Separa¬ tion was adopted by the Conference, giving power to “The Annual Conferences in the slave-holding States” to organize a “separate ecclesiastical connection” in the South. Redford in his History of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South,” says: “We propose to invite attention to the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, and briefly to view its posi¬ tion, duty and prospects. Forming a new ecclesiastical organization, the Southern Methodists published to the world the grounds on which they separated from the Northern Division. They believed that an impartial HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 31 tribunal would justify the course they had pursued, and that the faithful chronicler of the history of Meth¬ odism would accord to them purity of purpose. They established no new Church, but simply brought the Church of which they were members under a separate jurisdiction, making no change in doctrines, and tak¬ ing the same Discipline, changing it only so far as to conform it to the new organization. A vast field, already white unto the harvest, spread out before them, commanding their untiring energies and earnest devotion. At the time of the division of the Methodist Episco¬ pal Church, fifteen Annual Conferences, embracing all the Southern and Southwestern States, with the ex¬ ception of Maryland, and comprising a membership of 329,057 white, and 118,904 colored, making a total of 447,961 persons, adhered to the fortunes of the M. E. Church, South. In addition to these, the Indian Mission conference, embracing the Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek tribes, occupying a territory bounded by Kansas on the North, by Texas on the South, by Arkansas on the East, and on the West by the grand prairies which stretch away to the Rocky Mountains, with an aggregate population of fifty thou¬ sand, and a membership of two thousand nine hundred and seventy-eight, identified themselves with the South¬ ern branch of Methodism. Provision was also made in the General Conference of 1846 for the establishment of a mission in China.” Since the time the Methodist Episcopal Church South met in its first General Conference in Petersburg in 1846, many things have happened. Those seventy- seven years have seen the War with Mexico ended; Civil War disrupt the Union, only to bring the States comprising it closer in the War with Spain and the War with Germany; the face of the world changed by new discoveries-—but through it all the flag of Method¬ ism has waved triumphant. 32 THE STORY OF A CHURCH The history of Methodism, so far as the purpose of this work is concerned, is now transferred to the ac¬ tivities of the Southern branch. The general history of that church from now on will be touched upon only in connection with the work in Petersburg, but it is thought advisable to give a short account of Method¬ ism in Virginia from early times as preliminary to the history of Methodism in Petersburg. CHAPTER III. Methodism in Virginia M ETHODISM in Virginia may be said to have begun in 1772, when Robert Williams began to preach in Norfolk and the surrounding counties. Of course there were a few of the Metho¬ dist persuasion in Virginia but they were not in any organization, and no work was done in the forma¬ tion of Societies until Williams appeared. Messrs. Boardman and Fillmore, who had been sent over by Wesley, also came to Norfolk, and then John King and William Watters. Watters says of Norfolk Methodists at that time, “Their convictions were slight, and their desires very faint. Such Methodists I had never seen. Many hundreds attended preach¬ ing but the most hardened, wild and ill-behaved of any people I had ever beheld in any place.” The next year the Methodists began to move west¬ ward and early in the year we hear of Robert Wil¬ liams in Petersburg. In this year the first American Conference assembled at Philadelphia. One hun¬ dred members were reported from Virginia, yet Vir¬ ginia was given two “stations”, and to Norfolk,. Richard Wright was assigned and to Petersburg, Robert Williams. Norfolk and Petersburg were thus headquarters of their circuits and from them the preachers travelled the surrounding territory. In 1774, owing to the vigorous and active work of 34 THE STORY OF A CHURCH Robert Williams a new circuit was formed “from Petersburg to the South over Roanoke River” and was called “Brunswick Circuit” with Petersburg as the central point. From this time the work increased more in the counties than in the cities. Petersburg had a Society “feeble in numbers but strong in faith”, and the Society in Norfolk was “poor, feeble in numbers and lacked spirituality”. Asbury him¬ self went to Norfolk but had slight success, and in 1776 Norfolk was dropped from the minutes. “Bruns¬ wick Circuit” including Petersburg, had in the same period a wonderful revival and reported one thou¬ sand six hundred and eleven members. “Old Bruns¬ wick Circuit” as it was affectionately called, in¬ cluded Petersburg, and the counties of Dinwiddie, Amelia, Brunswick, Sussex, Prince George, Lunen¬ burg and Mecklenburg. The results in Virginia were so gratifying that the Methodists of Virginia were accorded a high stand in the Conferences and some of the best known and most celebrated preachers came from Virginia. At one time the members of Brunswick Circuit exceeded the membership in New York and other large centers. The places of wor¬ ship were churches allowed them by some few min¬ isters of the Church of England; meeting houses hastily erected; and if no other shelter could be had then the barns, or homes of those friendly to the church. We still have some of these old meeting places, or at least, houses erected on their locations and bearing the same name; “Mason’s” in Brunswick County, Love’s Chapel in Sussex County, “Mabry’s” in Greenesville, “Old Salem Church” in Mecklenburg County, Jones’ Chapel in Sussex County, “Drum- goole’s” in Brunswick County, “Olive Branch” in Brunswick County, Ellis’ Chapel in Surry County, Merritt’s Chapel in Brunswick, “Batt’s” in Greenes¬ ville County, Boisseau’s or Bushell’s in Dinwiddie County and many others. Many of the preachers of HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 35 the established Church refused to let their churches be used but there was one shining exception, Dever- eaux Jarratt, Minister of Bath Parish, Dinwiddie County from 1763 to 1801. The Revolutionary War caused many of the ministers, who were generally natives of England, to become frightened and to leave their posts, but Jarratt was a Virginian him¬ self and made of sterner stuff. He welcomed the Methodist Itinerants and gave them every encour¬ agement in his power. He had three churches in his parish, Saponv, Hatcher’s Run and Butterwood, names still existent in Dinwiddie County, but he ex¬ tended his labors over a territory covering five or six hundred miles. He was a wonderful man, and the Methodists owe much to him. It would be a most graceful and merited act for the Methodists of this section to erect a monument to his memory. Great revivals followed in this Circuit under the preaching of Jarratt and the Methodists, Asbury, Shadford, Rankin, Garrettson: in fact, nearly all of the Methodist preachers, in the first ten years after Robert Williams, came at some time to Bruns¬ wick Circuit. The people were hospitable and gener¬ ous, and the large increase in their numbers gave them an influence and prestige that was not altogether true of the membership in some places. It may be noted here that in 1780 the number of Methodists in the South was five thousand three hundred and thirty- nine and in the North three thousand one hundred and sixty-five. The preachers however did not remain in this favor¬ ed and pleasant country. They pushed westward and soon had strong Societies in Western Virginia, from Lynchburg on through the mountains and around to the North at Leesburg. The progress of the war from the South into Eastern Virginia was playing havoc with religious meetings, and in the closing days of the 36 THE STORY OF A CHURCH war we find more activity in Northern and Western Virginia than in the Southern and Eastern parts. The question of the celebration of the ordinances rose to cause dissension in the ranks, but it has been seen how it terminated. The question of slavery also began to torment the peace of the brotherhood. This matter simmered continuously at every meeting until it finally boiled over in 1844. The Virginians showed their usual trait, independence, in both matters, but were reluctant to let any difference of opinion cause a breach Asbury’s Journal recites the state of affairs throughout Virginia in these years in a most entertain¬ ing and personal manner. He states that he heard the “Good news” of the acknowledgment by Great Britain of the independence of the United States, while in Culpeper in 1782, but it was the only “good news” he had on his trip through Virginia this year. In Leesburg, he says he preached “to little purpose”; at “Woolsey’s barn—cold day, cold house, cold peo¬ ple”; in Mecklenburg “my soul mourns for the dead¬ ness of the people in our old circuit.” He died in Virginia in 1816 in the State he loved so well and where he had many friends. It might be noted here that during a war there is usually revived interest in religious matters, but im¬ mediately after a war there seems to be necessary a period of license and lack of restraint. This was true in Virginia after the Revolutionary War. However in 1787, there was a great revival in Southside Vir¬ ginia, greater even than the remarkable manifestations of 1776. In 1793 the membership in Virginia was given at thirteen thousand six hundred white, and four thousand and sixty-nine colored. Reference has been made to Petersburg and Norfolk as early centres of Methodism and much has been said about the work in the country districts: no mention has been made of the Capital City, Richmond. As a HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 37 matter of fact, Richmond in early times was not con¬ genial to Methodism. In 1796, after twenty-four years from the time the Methodist movement started in Norfolk and Petersburg, Richmond had no meeting house and not twenty Methodists. About 1799 however Methodism began to grow and the city since that time has redeemed its early indifference. In the year 1803 the first “Camp meeting” in the world was held in Brunswick at a new Church, called “Camp Meeting House” in commemoration of the event. These meetings were held in many places from that time on. People came from long distances and camped until the meeting was over, the meetings lasting several days. They are sometimes called “protracted meet¬ ings” and are still in vogue in the country districts. The work in Virginia went on with slow but steady increase. In 1817 the membership was reported as eighteen thousand eight hundred and eighty-three whites and five thousand nine hundred and thirty-six colored. The number of Circuits was forty-one and sixtv-four preachers were appointed. Until 1844 when the Church divided over the issue of slavery, the growth of Methodism in Virginia continued steadily. The progress of Methodism under the control of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South has been tremend¬ ous. In Virginia there are three Conference Dis¬ tricts. The Virginia Conference does not embrace all the State of Virginia. Southwest Virginia em¬ bracing the territory equal to three districts, is in the Holston Conference, and a good strip in the Northern part, including the far-famed Valley is claimed by the Baltimore Conference. The Virginia Conference reports 290 pastoral charges with 840 organized churches and 145,775 members. The churches in the Conference last year raised $2,483,890, and the church property is valued at $7,651,650 with 253 parsonages valued at $1,189,523. CHAPTER IV. Methodism in Petersburg O NE hundred and fifty years ago, Petersburg was, with the exception of Norfolk, the most important place in the State. The towns of Petersburg, Blandford, Pocahontas, and Ravenscroft were united in 1784 and incorpo¬ rated under the name of Petersburg. Prior to this time there had been great rivalry and many jealous¬ ies between the four, lying in close proximity to each other. Petersburg was the retail section, Blandford was the residence section, and Pocahontas was the first real estate subdivision and was promoted for that purpose. It was the wholesale section, and sub¬ stantial warehouses were built on the river, and bet¬ ter homes, of brick, were erected by men of means, but the location was unhealthy and soon the south side of the river became the chief residential as well as business part of the town. Stores were built on old Bollingbrook Street and further out on both streets, back from the river, residences were con¬ structed. Most of the houses were of frame, though there were undoubtedly, buildings of stone founda¬ tions and part stone construction and some of brick. An old writer has given us a description of the place not long after the Revolutionary War and it applies as well to this period: ‘‘A brisk lively little place, rather old in appearance with gay society, a HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 39 few large commercial houses, lots of tobacco, plenty of slick black negroes, numbers of little children with check aprons and dirty faces, rows of framed houses of every style and description and a Mayor and Councilmen very much like the easy-going law givers of New Amsterdam, under the profound ad¬ ministration of the renowned Orloff Von Kortlandt. The hideous innovation of steam had not yet broken in upon the placid provincialism of the happy little “burg” and since all “wars and rumors of wars” had evaporated there was nothing to ruffle the well balanced minds of its unassuming citizens. Balls and parties were given on the gala nights of the year; modesty and virtue were most piously ap¬ preciated, jollifications were more gentlemanly than ever since, and there was little necessity for the inter¬ ference of that ill-favored individual better known as “ye constable”. The streets were muddy and unpaved, and living conditions were harsh as compared to modern con¬ veniences but the inhabitants of the town were of good spirit, energetic, home-loving and happy in their independent, modest way, attending to their own business strictly, not given to boasting of their progress, but building up slowly and surely, hos¬ pitable and generous to the stranger, and kindly to each other. The citizens were mainly of good old English, Scotch, and Irish stock, merchants, and fac¬ tors, and commission brokers. They were from the best blood of England, come to seek their fortune in America, and they kept up their relations with their families in England until the Revolutionary War. Then their independent spirit caused them to resent any encroachments on their liberty even from their Mother country, and they built up their homes for permanency. Many of them were entitled to armorial bearings, but they seemed to pay but little attention to the distinctions of family. _ Large quantities of 40 THE STORY OF A CHURCH goods were imported directly to Petersburg from England and the merchants of the town sold or ex¬ changed these goods throughout the country and bought or received in return tabacco and grain for export. The men of wealth were the landed pro¬ prietors along the rivers, and even the smaller farmers, owing to the richness of the soil, were enabled to live without want and in comparative content. The back country of Petersburg was peo¬ pled with men of this type, living independently and in perfect liberty, and with the delightful climate and favorable health conditions, they were satisfied with their lot. So far as their religious life was concerned, it must be confessed that apparently they were not very much interested. Owing to the simplicity of their existence, they were unacquainted with the vices of the Old World. The richer and more fashionable element were members of the established Church of England, but the same spirit of independence in their temporal mat¬ ters showed itself in their religious affairs. The “Dissenters” and the Baptists were given a hearing, though at times persecuted. Davies and Whitfield were given the opportunity to be heard in eloquent appeals for the right to worship God in their own way. Events conspired to the freedom of religious belief. The disturbances prior to the Revolutionary War permitted more freedom in religious thought, and the events leading up to the war turned the tide of persecution and unpopularity from those who were not members of the Established Church. It seems strange that with the controversy raging between Great Britain and America the Methodists in England should have sent over preachers, but such was the case. Several reasons might be given but none seem entirely satisfactory. The English preachers did come over and it has been seen that some of them were intemperate in their speech and had to return to HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 41 England because they offended the Americans with their criticisms and also, in some cases, because they preferred not to live in America. There was one man, however, who was not affected by adverse conditions, when he thought the “call” had come to him to carry the Gospel to America. Robert Williams was a local preacher in Ireland and had a license from Wesley to preach under the missionaries in the American field. “He sold his horse to pay his debts, and sailed for the New World with an outfit consisting of a pair of saddle-bags, containing a few pieces of clothing, a loaf of bread, and a bottle of milk” says one author. He landed in New York in 1769, and after preaching in the northern field until 1772, he came to Virginia. He never left it. He gave his life to the establishment of Methodism in Virginia, he threw in his lot with the people of the country, and he died and was buried in the land of his adoption. Ref¬ erence has been made to his work elsewhere, but as he selected Petersburg as his headquarters, he is more peculiarly entitled to remembrance by this city. He arrived in Petersburg in February 1772. Petersburg had not at that time been incorporated with the neighboring towns of Blandford, Pocahontas and Ravenscroft, but was outstripping them in business and in numerical growth. From the best estimate that can be made Petersburg and its adjoining towns above mentioned had a population in 1773 of possibly three thousand souls. Its business, of course, was be¬ ing hampered by the difficulties with England, but we must remember that many of the inhabitants were English and Scotch traders, and it was hard for them to believe that the Colonies would ever resist powerful Britain. They were not alone in this belief for, until the first blow was struck at Lexington, few were pre¬ pared for such a thought as resistance to the point of revolution. So the town was thriving in a business way but in a restricted degree. 42 THE STORY OF A CHURCH Gressett Davis was a merchant of the town, and lived in Pocahontas, later moving to Petersburg. One of his friends was Nathaniel Young. Davis lived and died here, but little is known of Young. He was a young man of controversial tendencies and of the restless enthusiastic type, moving from place to place. It has been said that he returned to England. It is not unreasonable to suppose the two friends engaging in a discussion and Young telling Davis in his enthusi¬ astic way of the preacher, Robert Williams, then in Norfolk. Possibly Davis said “well we will invite him to Petersburg and see what he can do here to make things better—certainly he can do no harm and the town needs some good man badly.” Davis evidently was a very religious man and had been thinking deeply of religious matters. Here is Gressett Davis’ own account of how it happened, taken from a letter he wrote Mr. Wesley in 1780. “About fifteen years ago the people called Anabap¬ tists began to preach and make some stir. About the same time we were blessed with two worthy ministers of the Episcopal Church, who preached the strange doctrine of salvation by grace. Both these met with much opposition. “Eleven years ago, under the preaching of good Mr. McRoberts, my eyes were opened to see the spirituality of the law. I was convincd of sin. This was the fourth sermon I had heard from this minister. The word conversion was as new to me as if there had been no such term in the English language. As to Chris¬ tians, I knew not of one within twenty miles; in short, I did not know that it was the privilege of any, except ministers of the gospel, to feel what I now experienced. I got acquainted with Mr. McRoberts, and some mem¬ bers of the Baptist Church, all of whom preached final perseverance. I was opposed to this doctrine and stood against all their persuasions to become a Baptist. HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 43 “Mr. McRoberts and Mr. Jarratt preached the same. In 1772 I became acquainted with a young man from Yorkshire, England, who had been brought up from his youth in your societies, (Nathaniel Young by name) who informed me of you and the people called Metho¬ dists. This young man, who I fear had lost the vital part of religion, an old formal Quaker, and myself, hired the Theatre in this place, and bound ourselves to invite any and every sect and party, who, we thought, preached the truth of the gospel as far as conversion to come and preach in the said house, under this re¬ striction, that they should not intermeddle with the principles of church government. We soon got many traveling preachers, more than at our set out I thought were in America, of Churchmen, Presbyterians, Bap¬ tists and Quakers, to come and preach, though nothing yet appeared from the devil’s agents but persecution. In a few months after the house was opened, the good Mr. Robert Williams, of your connection, made a visit to Norfolk, Young and myself both having connec¬ tions in the mercantile line at Norfolk invited the good man up to this place. His entrance among us was in February, 1773. I informed this faithful servant of Christ that our faith was plighted to each other not to admit any who would not promise not to intermeddle with opinions. The old man replied we only wanted a change of heart and to preach holiness of life. This we readily agreed to. He labored among us about the town, and no fruit appeared for several weeks. We then furnished him a horse, and he traveled into the country. In a short time a surprising work broke out in the country, which has since spread over every part of the State of Virginia and North Carolina. Thus entered and thus flourished Methodism, from an unexpected, and what may be called unlikely be¬ ginning, until many thousands were brought from the power of Satan to serve the true and the living God.” “The good old man” accepted the invitation and came 44 THE STORY OF A CHURCH to Petersburg and proceeded to preach the gospel “as far as conversion” and to “a change of heart” and “holiness of life.” What the “Churchmen, Presby¬ terians, Baptists and Quakers” had failed to do this man did; he “converted” Gressett Davis (we can find out nothing about Young), although McRoberts and Jarratt had not been able to win him to their faith.' We like to think of Gressett Davis entertaining Robert Williams at his house and after business hours going with him across Pocahontas bridge, up Old street, carefully picking their way through the muddy, un¬ lighted street to the Theatre, where Williams kept his pledge in his preaching not “to intermeddle with the principles of Church government.” The famous old “Golden Ball Tavern” was then standing, at or near the corner of Old and Market Streets, but the reputa¬ tion of Methodists has never been that of sending their invited preacher guests to a tavern. MEETING HOUSE ON MARKET STR EET—17 8 8-1818 CHAPTER V. The Meeting Place on Old Street F OR years many attempts have been made to lo¬ cate the “Theatre” which Gressett Davis hired for the services. There is nothing definite con¬ cerning it. One writer says it was “situated on Old Street, not far from the river, a little below the pres¬ ent site of Murry’s Mill” (Bennett’s “Memorials of Methodism”). This book was published in 1870 and as the statement is not in quotations, presumably it was so stated to the author by someone then living. This description has done a great deal to confuse, for no one can be found at this time who recalls a mill known as “Murry’s Mill”. There are only a limited number of mills along the river and men thoroughly familiar with every one of them since 1840 can not recall any mill by that designation. There was standing until some years ago an old building near the corner of Old and Fleet Streets, known as “the Rock House”, which may have been the “old theatre”. It was “not far from the river” and was near all the mills on the river, except one, and that one was not more than three blocks away. This old “Rock House” was at the end of Old Street, around which there had been a settlement from earliest times; in fact it is thought that old Fort Henry was not far away from here, established in 1645. Another element of importance in erecting a 48 THE STORY OF A CHURCH place of assembly was its nearness to a supply of drinking water, which was scarce. McKenzie’s Spring at the head of Old Street was the one most frequently used. There were no other springs on Old Street, and water for drinking was obtained from Bolling’s Spring below what is now Centre Hill, and over in Chesterfield at McNeil’s Spring. These two were far removed from Old Street. So far as the mills are concerned, there have been, since very early times, mills on the river not far from the end of Old Street, at this point, and at this place Old Street is not far from the river. However this doesn’t aid much for Old Street runs parallel its entire length to the river and is not far from it at any point. There is in existence, however, a penciled state¬ ment (the author unknown and his source of infor¬ mation unknown) which states the old theatre was on Old Street near “Kevan’s Mill”. This is easily ascertained as being near the corner of Old and Fleet Streets, near the old Rock House site. It is called Kevan’s Mill to this day. It is probable that Bennett had the name wrong and that through some error he wrote “Murrays’ Mill.” The location of this first hired Methodist “meeting House” should be marked, but to this date the site can only be conjectured. After all even if the exact location cannot be ascer¬ tained it is more than probable that it was located within a stone’s throw of the head of Old Street. Fortunately we know what took place in the old building. There are several accounts of revivals in this old Theatre building. For the sake of accuracy it may not be amiss to point out the improbabilities of cer¬ tain stories connected with this building. Bennett gives an account of a revival in this old theatre when “furious sinners rared round the house like a tem¬ pest” and “brought up a fire engine and played a HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 49 stream of water into the house until every light was put out and saints and sinners involved in darkness.” Hope Hull and John Easter were said to have been the preachers. Easter was received in 1782 and lo¬ cated in 1792 and Hull was received in 1785 and lo¬ cated in 1795. The Methodists had their own build¬ ing in 1788, and it is improbable that there were fire engines in use in Petersburg at that time. The mov¬ ing scene probably took place elsewhere. There were, however, great revivals in the latter years of the century. Bennett recites: “Petersburg felt the presence of the spirit in a wonderful manner. The town had never before been so shaken by divine power. Never had the people seen such manifesta¬ tions of the presence of God in their midst.” This account refers to the great revival of 1787. Robert Williams did not have his main success in Petersburg. Methodism did not spread very rapidly in the centers of population; its great success was in the country, as was noted by Gressett Davis in his letter to Wesley. Norfolk increased so slowly that at one time it was dropped from the rolls as a station. Richmond did not have but a handful until twenty- seven years after Methodism started in Virginia. Pe¬ tersburg was named as a station in 1773, and then made a part of “Brunswick Circuit.” Williams used Petersburg as his headquarters and after a short time went into the counties south of Petersburg, where with the aid of Devereaux Jarratt, the Episcopal Rec¬ tor, he did a great work, as has been seen. However we know the work prospered in the town and that some interest was manifested, for the Methodists de¬ cided to erect a church of their own and not be forced to worship in a “hired” building. THE MEETING HOUSE ON HARRISON STREET. The first Methodist Church ever built in Petersburg was erected on Harrison Street, north of Liberty 50 THE STORY OF A CHURCH Street, in the rear of George W. Bolling’s lot. George W. Bolling’s lot was the lot now owned and occupied by Mr. Wm. L. Zimmer, Sr., so we can locate the site of this “Meeting House,” as being just across the street from what is now the Harrison Street (Baptist) Church (colored). There is no record of its size or cost. It was a frame building, and probably of some size. Always the Methodists in Petersburg have been pa¬ triotic. In the course of this narrative it will be seen how upon every occasion they whole-heartedly gave to their Country’s needs. This was the first oppor¬ tunity and they responded nobly. The Church was turned over to the soldiers as barracks in the Revolu¬ tionary War, and the patrol was stationed there. The building was erected probably in 1774 or 1775, and the war began in 1775, although there was no fighting around Petersburg until 1781. Yet it seems probable that the Church was turned over to the military au¬ thorities at the outbreak of hostilities, for Petersburg was in a state of patriotic ferment from the start. It is on record that John Banister offered to turn his saw mill into a powder mill and saltpetre and sulphur were sent him by the Virginia Convention of patriots. Richard Bland advised the making of saltpetre at the Appomattox warehouses and offered to contribute and get others to contribute to the work. So we know that Old Petersburg was actively, as usual, in the front of the fight. The church was used by the army as a barracks, being one of the largest buildings in the town, we may suppose, and was then turned into a hospital. Later it was burned—exactly when or how is not known, but supposedly in the latter days of the war. Maybe, it was burned by the notorious British General, Phillips in 1781 when he was in possession of the town—he burnt everything else to which he could set the torch, including warehouses, etc., even to the fences around HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 51 “Bollingbrook,” although he was using the house as his headquarters. After the church was burned, the “Society” worship¬ ped at each other’s homes. Gressett Davis offered his home and John Cook, the elected “Leader,” who lived in Pocahontas, opened his doors. A partial list of the members of this first church has been handed down, as follows: John Cook, leader—Ann Cook; Gressett Davis, Martha Davis; David Thweatt; William Wors¬ ham, Sarah Worsham; Francis Baird, Batt Gilmour;. Nathaniel Parrott, Lucy Parrott; William Lewis; Samuel Brazington; George Elliott, Peggy Elliott; Francis Bearil; Sarah Langby; Mary Wirom; Susanna Burton; Frances Jackson; Jane Stephenson; Elias Barnaby. Twelve men and ten women. Judging by the records from other sources, this congregation was not com¬ posed of the wealthy and influential citizens, but they were honest and sincere and deeply religious, or they would never have made the progress they did make. Gressett Davis was probably the most important man in his church. The old land records of Petersburg begin in 1784 and the references to him show him to* have been a man of some influence and position. THE MEETING HOUSE ON MARKET STREET The Revolutionary War virtually ceased when Corn¬ wallis surrendered at Yorktown in 1781, but the Treaty of Paris was not signed until 1783. By this Treaty Great Britain acknowledged the independence of the United States. It can be imagined with what enthusi¬ asm the victorious Americans set to work in every field to build their nation; and especially were the piously inclined energetic in erecting places of worship, where¬ in they might give thanks to Almighty God for their victory. In the ensuing years there was a great re¬ vival of religion all over the country. 52 THE STORY OF A CHURCH The Methodists in Petersburg had not worshipped in a church of their own since their church was destroyed by fire during the war, and probably by the British. However, it was their intention to proceed as fast as they were able in the construction of their own house of worship. After the war, the energetic Gressett Davis began to make his plans and to secure subscrip¬ tions. He headed the list with a subscription of fifty pounds, representing about $250.00 in our money—a very liberal amount in those days. It has been stated by many writers that the church on Market Street was on the Corner of Friend Street (now Hinton St.) and Market Street. The best evi¬ dence is the deed. This is recorded and shows the lot to have been on Market Street 90 links from the corner northward, with a frontage on Market Street of about 100 feet. At the time this church on Market Street was built by the Methodists, there was only one other church in town—the Episcopal church known as “Blandford” or “Bristol Parish.” A writer (name unknown) concern¬ ing “Churches in Petersburg in 1779” says: “There is a church on the Hill above Blandford which is occupied not above half a dozen Sundays in the year and then is but thinly attended; it has no organ, the walls are damp for want of care and the whole has evident appearance of neglect and decay. In the opulent and populous town of Petersburg there is a play house, but there is no church, unless a small wooden-house where the Methodists occassionally meet, deserves that name. The inhabitants are content to say their prayers, not very numerously, in the Court House which is not very well calculated for the purpose. Although the people of this place were originally of different professions and denominations, here they all pray, when they happen to meet, after the Epis¬ copalian form.” HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 53 The old “wooden-house,” however, entertained some distinguished visitors. Petersburg was chosen for the Conferences of 1788-1789-1791-1793-1794-1810-1817, and they were held in this church, unquestionably. Of the Bishops, who sat within its walls, can be mentioned those great men of the early pioneer days, Asbury, Coke, Whatcoat, McKendree, Roberts and George; of great preachers, John Early, Philip Bruce, John Easter, Jesse Lee, James O’Kelly, Hope Hull, Stith Mead; Joshua Soule and Elijah Hedding, before they were made Bishops; of early Episcopal preachers, Devereaux Jarratt possibly Benj. Holt Rice, the first Presbyterian, who came in 1811; the eccentric Lorenzo Dow, who “belonged to a denomination of his own.” It will be noted that the property was transferred to Francis Asbury, Superintendent M. E. Church in 1788, and that he transferred it to Trustees in 1806, probably because of regulations made at the Conference of 1796 for the first time, that a certain form of deed should be used for the transfer of all church property. The witnesses to the first deed (May 19th, 1788), were Gressett Davis, Nathaniel Lee, Stith Parham, and Joseph Harding. The Trustees to whom Asbury conveyed the prop¬ erty by deed dated February 2d, 1806, were Nathan¬ iel Lee, Thomas Young, Joseph Harding, Edward Hobbs, and Archer Brown. The witnesses were John Potts, John Cox, and Samuel Pelham. The con¬ sideration was $61.50. On July 7th, 1818, Thomas Young, Nathaniel Lee, Allen Archer, Thomas Stroud, Peter McCulloch, and John Stith, Trustees, conveyed the lot to George Keith Hollaway for $2,354.60. There is no record of the exact time the house was constructed, but in 1804 Petersburg was given as a station and a “proper” preacher was stationed there in accordance with Asbury’s expressed intention. It 54 THE STORY OF A CHURCH was a very simple frame structure, and evidently re¬ quired only a short time to build. A description reads, “it was very small, unique of its kind and showing* any amount of props, beams and girders.” It was un¬ satisfactory and constantly in need of repair. It was also enlarged from time to time, and a gallery added for colored people. In 1810 Bro. Lee was given the contract for repairing the meeting house, (This was probably Nathaniel Lee) and asked for his bill, which was approved. He was then given the contract to enclose it with a fence, and later to glaze the win¬ dows. In 1811 he was paid $30.00 for making six benches, and in 1813 he was “requested to make as soon as practicable Batten Window and Shutters for the windows in the meeting house galleries.” It was in bad shape again soon and Bro. Lee had to make extensive repairs, “cart some gravel to fill up the step at the door,” repair the fence, and “put a latch on the door of the meeting house.” In 1817 it was found that the fence had been put over on the street line and it was ordered removed and repaired. Bro. Wm. Johnson was given this job, “and directed that he have weights fixed to the doors, and a base for the door, and also that he have 2 larger tins prepared to catch the water which falls from the stove pipe; and the chandelier repaired and candle stick so as to illuminate the church.” This entry also is interesting: Feb. 17, 1817. “Ordered that Wm. M. Johnson repair the doors, windows and benches of the church broken during Conference.” The Conference of 1817 must have been a stormy session. It was thought that the above references might be interest¬ ing, giving as they do the small details of the work of the Board of Stewards of that day. Other items of interest during this period are as follows: “Resolved that Thos. Young and E. Sullivan inquire and recommend a person suitable to fill the place of HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 55 sexton and that $20.00 be the stated salary to be paid him annually.” Sextons must have been “born,” not “made” in those days. “Thos. Young, N. Lee and Bro. Botner be and are hereby appointed to keep order during divine ser- vice. The church did its own policing—even worshipping God was strenuous then. “Resolved that Sampson, a blackman, be and is here¬ by appointed Sexton, whose duty it shall be to regular¬ ly open and shut the doors and windows on meeting days—to light and turn the candles, to sweep out the house and brush down the pulpit and benches, and as often as needful to scour out the house, and when a stove is prepared to light and keep up good and com¬ fortable fires in cold weather and also to keep out all dogs at all times and seasons.” “Resolved that every member of this meeting who neglects to attend shall incur the penalty of 25c.” And the record shows that they “paid up” like men, when they couldn’t give a good excuse. “Resolved that the Secretary make out a list of all- delinquents on the subscription paper for the purpose of enlarging ana repairing the meeting house.” Evi¬ dently, in some respects, the times do not change. “Resolved that the stationed preacher be allowed $10.00 per month for his board.” “Ordered that two persons: namely, Thos. Rosser and Peter McCullough, be appointed to stand at each door of the Methodist Meeting House once a month with plates for the purpose of receiving contributions.” “Ordered that an assistant be appointed to Bro. Stroud to attend the collections at the female’s door. Bro. Lee was forthwith appointed, the days of collec¬ tion altered from monthly to weekly.” 56 THE STORY OF A CHURCH The earliest reference to members in any extant records of the church is in 1810. Benj. Devany was the stationed preacher. There were only two trustees present as disclosed by the minutes of this meeting. Thos. Young and Nathaniel Lee, and as the Discipline required either 5, 7 or 9, 5 additional Trustees were elected-viz: Enoch Sullivan in place of Jos. Harding—de¬ ceased. Sam’l. Hart in place of Edward Hobbs—removed. Peter McCullough in place of Archer Brown—re¬ moved. John Cox. Peyton Lynch—many meetings of the Trustees were held at his house. Later on Sam’l. Hart was appointed Sec’y. and Treas. in place of Enoch Sullivan, who was removed, and Joseph Brown was appointed Trustee in his place —removed in 1815. J. Grey—offered the use of his home for a meeting. John Potts “withdrew” from the Stewards in 1811. One of the early preachers was John Potts—Received in 1796. Located in 1809. Lay preacher in 1814. Allen Archer—elected in 1813 a Trustee and 1815 a Steward. Thos. Potts—meetings held at his house. Thos. Rosser—a Class Teacher in 1816. W. M. Johnson—a Class Teacher in 1816. Joseph Jones—a Class Leader in 1816. T. Shands—member in 1816 and a lay preacher. Thos. A. Stroud—a Class Leader in 1818. Trustee in place of Peyton Lynch 1817. Robt. Roane—a Class Leader in 1818. Thos. Rosser—Trustee for a short time in 1817. John Stith—Trustee 1818 in place of Thos. Rosser. It will be seen from comparing this list with other data that the membership of the Church from 1773 to HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 57 1818 was composed of business men, merchants, etc. The older families who, through their wealth and posi¬ tion, dominated the social and political relations of the town were mainly Episcopalians—The Established Church. Methodism was too new to gather in the old firmly fixed families to any degree, but it did attract men of independence, men who never failed to work out a new way, if necessary, to what they wanted, whether it was in religion or business. The Bollings, Herberts, Harrisons, Shores, Maitlands, Murrays, Robertsons, Poythresses, Atkinsons, Taylors, Armi- steads, were Episcopalians and the leaders in political matters. This state of affairs did not endure very long, however. The membership in 1805 was 37 white and 18 col¬ ored. In 1810 it had increased to 100 white and 60 colored. In 1820 the membership had grown to 111 white and 55 colored. FRANCIS ASBURY IN PETERSBURG In 1775, Francis Asbury, who was sent over by Wesley and received in 1771, was sent to Norfolk and continued at that station about 5 months and then went up to Brunswick Circuit. He was the pioneer Bishop of the Methodist church in America. When he landed in Philadelphia he found 600 Methodists in America and when he died in 1816, the number had grown to more than 200,000. He was in the ministry 55 years and 45 years were spent in traveling over a circuit of 5,000 miles, into every known part of the United States. “During the period of his ministry he preached not less than 18,000 sermons, presided in more than 200 Annual Conferences, ordained more men to the ministry than any other man ever did, and travelled 200,000 miles.” According to these state¬ ments he travelled a mile for every member. He kept a journal or diary and mentions Petersburg and Brunswick Circuit throughout his book. He left 58 THE STORY OF A CHURCH Norfolk October 30, 1775 and went by Southampton Courthouse to Brunswick, and reached Petersburg on Nov. 28th. His entry is brief and not enthusiastic: "‘Preached twice in Petersburg on the Lord’s day. Hope there will be some faithful souls found here.” He was back in Petersburg on Jan. 10, 1770, and rec¬ ords that he preached twice, and that “Deep serious¬ ness sat on the minds of the people under the preaching at friend L’s” (meaning Nathaniel Lee, the father of Jesse Lee). On May 11, 1780, he came again to Petersburg, “sick, but spoke at Bro. Harding’s” (re¬ ferring to Joseph Harding one of the leading members of the church here and a Trustee, who died in 1810. He was much loved by Asbury). The entry of May 12th is interesting: “In Petersburg, our friends, who had a little religion before these times, have declined. I fear their hearts are worldly. Went to Nathaniel Lee’s and preached to about 50 people, the congrega¬ tion small owing to a muster and cock fight.” The sarcasm of the good old Bishop is but thinly veiled— not even expressing any sorrow at the superior in¬ ducement of a cock fight to his preaching. He traveled back and forth through Virginia, and on May 5, 1783, came to Petersburg and went on to Conference at Ellis’s Chapel in Sussex County. He says “Found the people very poor in Virginia, could with difficulty get food for self or horse.” On April 10, 1786 “rode through rains to N. Lee’s.” Nathaniel Lee was one of the earliest members of the church in Petersburg and lived about fifteen miles from the town in Prince George County. He preached in Petersburg, but “had a dull time.” June 8, 1788, Asbury preach¬ ed again in Petersburg, where he came to hold Con¬ ference, the first conference held in Petersburg. “The town folks were remarkably kind and attentive.” Five days later he “preached a pastoral sermon under a large arbor near the borders of the town.” The new HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 59 church on Market Street had not at that time been erected. Lee says “This Conference was appointed at Benja¬ min Crawleys, in Amelia County, but by some means he lost his reason and the Conference could not meet at his house, and were under the necessity of meeting in the town of Petersburg.” We can but wonder whether, even in those days of generous and boundless hospitality, the prospect of entertaining an entire Conference had anything to do with the mental disturbance of this brave gentleman. Not quite a year later, in April, he and Dr. Coke came to Petersburg. He says “I had a disagreeable feeling while here there is a spiritual death among the people.” On June 12, 1790, holding Conference here, he complains “I did not wonder that there was not a greater work of religion in this place when I learned that they went sometimes 3 or 4 weeks without preaching. Let some cry out we have no faith for Petersburg.” However, Petersburg must have entertained the preachers comfortably, for Conference was held here again in 1791. Bishop Asbury brought Bishop Coke with him. Two Bishops at one time in little Peters¬ burg and two such Bishops. Bishop Coke was enter¬ tained at Bro. Gressett Davis’ and Bishop Asbury by Bro. Joseph Harding. It may be inferred from this arrangement that Bros. Davis and Harding must have been two of the “big men” of the church. In 1793 Conference was again held in Petersburg and it was agreed that the Conference of 1794 should be held in Petersburg, but “Rumor of small pox in Petersburg induces us to hold our Conference at Sister Mabry’s in Greenville.” Bishop Asbury in all of his travel¬ ings never failed to stop in Petersburg. “Nov. 19, 1795, came cold and hungry to my affectionate kind adopted son, J. Harding’s, in Petersburg” and “Nov. 60 THE STORY OF A CHURCH 12, 1796. In Petersburg, spent the evening at J. Harding’s.” We do not know anything of J. Harding now, but these simple words bring to our mind a genial, affable, kind and hospitable man, welcoming the good old Bishop affectionately, allaying his hunger, and then seating him in a comfortable big chair in front of a great big fire in the large old fireplace. No wonder the Bishop liked to come to Bro. Harding’s, and what a testimonial to be read through the ages to “J. Hard- mg. Many men have done less and thought they were famous, and have received less attention from their contemporaries and less from posterity. In 1789 he came this way again but was “laid up” at Bro. Drom- goole’s in Brunswick, where he took “an extraordi¬ nary diet”—a drink made of “1 Qt. Hard Cider, 100 nails A handful of black snakeroot A handful of fennel seed A handful of wormwood, boiled from a quart to a pint, taking a wine glass full every morning.” Bishop Asbury possessed a wonderful constitution. He was in Petersburg again at various times, but this entry should be noted “April 18, 1801. In Peters¬ burg, preached the funeral of Devereaux Jarratt, who was settled in Bath Parish from 1763 to 1801. He was the first who rescued our despised preachers, took them to his house and formed societies.” Under date of March 19, 1803, we read “We contem¬ plate placing a proper station preacher in Petersburg; and the building a new brick church 60 or 71 by 40 feet and two stories high; but this like many other of our great and good designs may fall through.” Fif¬ teen years later the new church was built on Union Street. They moved slowly, but surely, in those days. HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 61 The Bishop “passed through’’ Petersburg in succeed¬ ing years, but we know the sorrow in his heart, when he penned these words. “Feb. 17, 1808. Reached Petersburg, lodged at Edward Lee’s. Joseph Harding is no more. He was with us in Norfolk in 1772. He was a man of labor and sorrow, meek and benevolent. Preached in Petersburg on February 17th. After meet¬ ing rode home with John Ryall Bradley.” He only visited Petersburg once more, at the Con¬ ference of 1810. He was very old and his travels were nearly done. His entry simply recites “A weary ride brought us to Petersburg.” Poor old man—“weary with well-doing”—Petersburg, but his friend J. Hard¬ ing was not there—he was awaiting him “on the other shore.” UNION STREET CHURCH-1818-1842 CHAPTER VI. Union Street Church W HAT memories and recollections the same in¬ vokes ! To a Petersburg Methodist even of the present time—more than one hundred years after its erection—there arises some sub-conscious thought, ‘Tve heard that name”, and to a Methodist of the preceding generation it is as if a vagrant wind had stirred the strings of the harp which they thought was stilled forever. Union Street Church was constructed in 1818, and was last used in 1903—nearly one hundred years de¬ voted to the service of God. Not one thing in all that time happened within its walls to take away the sacred character of the edifice. This old church witnessed revivals of religion that increased the strength of Methodism. It saw its won¬ derful growth and it saw its division; and then it be¬ came the church in which that division was made effective by the organization of the Southern Church. Stranger still, the Southern branch, to which it be¬ longed, gave this church to their colored brethren; so that the unwitting cause of the controversy, in the end received the church as a gift from the South¬ ern organization, which left its Northern brethren, because of a difference of opinion on the treatment of these same “colored brethren”. How futile and trivial the arguments of men must have seemed to 64 THE STORY OF A CHURCH this old church. How its walls must have resounded to “God moves in a mysterious way, his wonders to perform”. This old church saw its beloved community pro¬ gress from a small village to a prosperous town; from unpaved streets to asphalt pavements; from candles to electric lights. It was built when the fastest method of transportation was by a slow-moving boat on the river; it remained to hear the whistle of the steam locomotive as it passed by within half a block of it, and it heard the grinding of the electric car, as it passed the same distance from it on three sides; unveiled in its existence the mysteries of steam and electricity. It was erected when the country was victorious for the second time over England; it heard the pe- culiarly-personal triumphing of Petersburg in the War with Mexico, in that the United States won that war under the leadership of a Petersburg man; it went through the conflict of the War between the States and heard the shot and shell hurtling over and around it. It heard once more the shouted triumphs of a united people after the war with Spain. It was erected “for the Glory of God”; it was pulled down to make way for a warehouse of com¬ merce. We have seen that the Methodists were not satis¬ fied with their building on Market Street, and that Asbury away back in 1803 noted that they contem¬ plated at that time erecting a brick church “60 or 71 x 40 feet, and two stories high”. Hard times in the country at large were reflected within this little congregation and first for one reason and then an¬ other the plan was not carried through until 1818. By that time the residential section was going south, away from the river, to higher and healthier loca¬ tions, and it was thought advisable to sell the lot on Market Street, and buy the lot on Union Street. The HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 65 original intention was to build a new meeting house on the lot on Market Street, as shown by this entry in the records: “May 19th, 1818. Thos. A. Stroud, John Stith and Belfield Starke were appointed Com¬ missioners on behalf of the church to contract for the building of a new meeting house on the lot now owned by the Society on Market Street and to use such parts of the old in the building of the new that they may think proper.” It was finally decided to move from the Market Street lot, and they purchased from Pleasant Aiken a lot on Union Street. The pop¬ ulation of Petersburg at this time was 6,500. The lot on Market Street was sold for $2,354.00— 69i/ 2 feet front. Asbury, for the Society, had bought it in 1788 for $61.00. The lot on Union Street cost $1,825.00. A full financial statement of monies re¬ ceived and expended for purchase of lot and building of Union Street Church is recorded in Stewards’ Min¬ ute book at meeting of April 23, 1823. The construc¬ tion was awarded to two stewards of the church: Allen Archer did the brick work for $1,503.00 and Nathaniel Lee the wood-work for $2,100.00. It was probably finished by 1820. The membership at this time numbered one hundred and eleven white and fifty-five colored. There was a gallery, the right- hand one, reserved for the colored people. The sexes were seated separately—women to the right of the preacher and men to the left. It was begun in the pastorate of Rev. Fletcher Harris, but he died before it was completed, and he was succeeded by Rev. James McAden. It was the most pretentious church building in town at that time. The Presbyterians had a church built in 1812 on the site of what is now the Masonic Building on Tabb Street. The Episcopalians also had a new church on Court¬ house Hill, and a little later on Sycamore Street front¬ ing Franklin Street. 66 THE STORY OF A CHURCH While the church was being built, Rev. Andrew Syme, “good old parson Syme” tendered the Episcopal Church on Courthouse Hill to the Methodists. The Methodists and Presbyterians joined forces in a great revival not long after the church was built and as a result there were about two hundred accessions to the Methodists and one hundred to the Presbyterians. This was in 1823 under the pastorate of Rev. H. G. Leigh. It was also in this time that the names of Disosway, Lewis Mabry and William Brownley appear officially for the first time. They were prominent for so long and of such service to the church that they are entitled to special notice. In 1824 the doors were thrown open to the Virginia Conference, Bishop George preaching and in 1827 again was received the Virginia Conference with Bishops Smith, McKendree and Soule. Petersburg was becoming used to Bishops by this time, and they didn’t create the stir they once did. That the Methodists of Petersburg were desirous of giving the negroes the benefits of religion is shown by the appointment in 1827 of a committee of three, Seth Hill, Theo. Stroud, and John Myrick “to contract for a lot and secure proposals for building a church for the benefit of the colored members of our church.” In those days they did things, for in two months the com¬ mittee reported that a lot had been bought on Halifax Street from Mr. Thomas Nelson for $150.00, and the amount was ordered to be paid. This was “Ebenezer Church,” not far from Gill Street. Later this church was sold to the Presbyterians in 1845, and by a resolu¬ tion the money was used to assist in building High Street Church, and the Union Street Church was then loaned to the colored people and afterwards given to them. In 1830, the white membership of the church was two hundred and fifty-seven, and the colored one hun- HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 67 dred and sixty. It was necessary to enlarge the church and also to help the colored people to obtain a church of their own. In pursuance of the first, the church borrowed $1,000 from R. M. Taylor to enlarge the church and erect a Sabbath School Room, Class Rooms, etc. This is the first mention of a Sabbath School, or as it is now called Sunday School. STORY OF THE SUNDAY SCHOOL TO 1846 It would be interesting to pause here for a while and note the development of the Sunday School, generally, as well as trace it up to the time of moving from the Union Street Church to Washington Street Church. “Sunday Schools” were an outgrowth of the great industrial expansion in the latter part of the 18th century. Child labor was prevalent, and there was recognized the need for instruction of these little labor¬ ers, who were growing up in ignorance, due to their daily labor. At first these schools were held on Sat¬ urday as well as Sunday, and the instruction was secu¬ lar as well as religious. Then the Sunday Schools were confined to religious instruction solely, as economic conditions grew better. John Wesley was one of the pioneers in the field and taught a Sunday School in Savannah as early as 1737. The Methodists have always laid great stress on this feature in religious education. The Sunday School is a feeder to the church, and is also a great educational asset. There were probably Sunday Schools in the Metho¬ dist church in Petersburg before 1830, but they were supposedly put under the general head of “classes” for religious instruction—the children as well as adults. As seen above, in that year special provision was made for the accommodation of Sunday School classes. From that time the work went forward rapidly and usually the first step in the organization of a new church was the establishment of a Sunday School. 68 THE STORY OF A CHURCH In 1836, a lot on Plum Street was deeded to the Trustees Thomas A. Stroud, Allen Archer, William Clarke, Lewis Mabry, William Brownley, Joel Rosser, Beverly Drinkard, Joseph McD. Anderson, and Thomas Branch. There had been for many years a “society” small in numbers, but strong in faith and enthusiasm on Plum Street, but they had worshipped mainly at the Market Street Church. A few references are found here and there to the Plum Street Society but nothing in sufficient detail upon which to construct its history. For instance, a reference to “Plum Street Church” as being establishd in 1833. Like the beginning of so many other churches, it persisted in the guise of a Sunday School until 1841, when the members of Plum Street, with the co-operation and assistance of some influential members of Washington Street Church, re¬ moved from lowly Plum Street to the more aristocratic High Street and founded the Church by that name. The lot on Plum Street was sold in 1845 for the benefit of the High Street Church, as had been the lot on Hali¬ fax Street, bought for the colored people. It should not be amiss to stop for a moment and pay tribute to the unselfishness of Washington Street Church and its members. In the desire to promote the general good of Methodism in the city, it gave of its means unhesi¬ tatingly, and in every transaction in real estate for the better location of the new churches, where it made a profit, it turned it over to help the struggling church. In addition it gave of its own membership for the express purpose of puttting the new organization on a stronger basis. It is a wonderful lesson the fore¬ fathers in Methodism taught us. Locations were agreed upon by all, as would best further the interests of Methodism, and everybody threw themselves into the work. Whatever sacrifice was needed was made with¬ out question. HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 69 The report to the Quarterly Conference under date December 7, 1837, shows two schools: Union Street, No. 1—1 Supt., 1 Asst. Supt., 16 male and 16 female Teachers and 197 Scholars. Plum Street, No. 2—1 Supt., 1 Asst. Supt., 5 Teach¬ ers. The report of December 3, 1840, by A. Dibrell, shows: Union Street, No. 1—2 Supts., 1 Asst. Supt., 2 Librarians, 19 Male, 22 Female Teachers and 147 Scholars. Plum Street, No. 2—1 Sec’y, 1 Librarian, 8 Male and 9 Female Teachers. If these figures are correct, there seems to have been the desire, if not the necessity, for every third person to be a teacher at the Union Street School. A few years before this Union Street had aided the Methodists in Ettrick in the formation of a Sunday School and the report of July 21, 1842, made by Wil¬ liam A. Smith reports three Sunday Schools, viz.: Union Street, No. 1; Plum Street, No. 2; Ettrick, No. 3. In 1844 “Plum Street” had become High Street and Ettrick had its own organization,' but Washington Street had reached out again to the Southeast and was building up Wesley Chapel. Reports of October 21, 1844, by Rev. Edward Wadsworth: Washington Street, No. 1—2 Supts., 35 Teachers, 281 Scholars. Wesley, No. 2—2 Supts., 9 Teachers, 40 Scholars. References will be made later to the Sunday School work done by Washington Street from 1846. In 1840 Beverly Drinkard, Daniel Lyon and John Ennis were made a committee to purchase the “Presby¬ terian School House on Halifax Road.” It was bought in 1844. This was two squares above the present 70 THE STORY OF A CHURCH Wesley Church. “Wesley Chapel” was located here until 1879, when the site was sold and the present site bought and a church built. Prominent and influential members of “Washington Street” were active in pro¬ moting this splendid organization of earnest and loyal Methodists. UNION STREET CHURCH (CONTINUED) This old brick church exemplified the progress of Petersburg. Many of the most important meetings, not only religious but secular, were held in the church from time to time. Time does not permit to search old newspaper files to find there recorded the meetings for the good of Petersburg that took place in this church. Reference can only be made to a few. The first Thanksgiving Service ever held in Peters¬ burg was in this Church in 1832. There were present, besides the preacher, Minton Thrift, so the story goes, only seven other persons, “the four eldest children of the late John Walsh, two ladies and a stranger, a traveling salesman.” A sad commentary on the grati¬ tude of Petersburg’s people. The pulpit of the old church was occupied by some of the most eloquent orators of that time. Some of the references are interesting. “The brilliant but radical and erratic Duval preached in Union Street Church.” “His sermons were delivered there soon after the building was completed. After the close of the Civil War this brilliant preacher did not think he could live in the United States under the Federal administration and went to the wilds of the tropical regions, where he remained about three years. He then returned to Virginia, preferring even the Federal Government to the wilds of South America.” The record is given as it was written, but he must have been pretty old to have preached in this old church in 1820 and lived to see the close of the War Between the States. Maffitt, the noted Irish orator and preacher, held his audiences spellbound within these walls. It was said HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 71 that he could recite the multiplication table, and have every one in the audience weeping when he came to “twelve times twelve.” Roberts, McKendree, George, Soule, Early, Hedding, Andrew, Waugh, Pierce, Bascom, Wightman, Kava- naugh, either before or after they became Bishops, were heard in this church. The Stewards and Trustees of the church were faith¬ ful to their trust and unusually active. Their homes * were thrown open to Stewards’ Meetings and occa¬ sionally they met at the homes of members of the church. Not a bad idea, but only feasible when the number is small as it was then. Various references are made to meetings at “Sister King’s.” Nothing more is known of her after a hun¬ dred years, but it is not hard to visualize a motherly old soul, entertaining the official members of her church so hospitably that it became a pleasure to meet at her house to attend to the business of the church. Women were not as active in alfairs then as now, and “Sister King” has the unique distinction of being the only woman mentioned in the official records of Union Street Church. Stewards’ Meetings then were not unlike what they are now. It seems that they were careless with their records then as now. It has been most difficult to piece together, at this time, records of the past, as many of the old records have been misplaced or lost. Note, however, the following resolution: “April 17, 1821. Resolved that the old book be claimed in which are kept the records of the Stewards’ Meetings.” It is not known whether they succeeded in their claim, but if in existence today it would probably be worth its weight in gold. Another curious entry of the same date reads: “Resolved that we keep a journal of the Stewards’ Meetings in full in the book retained for the purpose 72 THE STORY OF A CHURCH and that everything contained in the said book which has not been officially recorded be expunged.” November 28, 1822. Paid for two stoves $64.75 pur¬ chased of G. P. Disosway.” Disosway will be referred to again. It will be notic¬ ed that all business purchases and contracts were made with members of the Church, following the good old Methodist principle which has been more or less ignored in more recent times, of business dealing with members of the church wherever possible. April 24, 1823. “The candles are to be lighted every night when required by public or other services, and kept well snuffed—particularly attending to that duty about the commencement of service and on the close of the first prayer, and on the commencement of the sermon, exhortation, or other service.” The following entry may throw some light on the method of illumination 100 years ago: “Mar. 6, 1826. ‘Ordered purchase’ of 12 lamps suit¬ able for the church, 2 of which are wanted for the pulpit; with everything complete and a Barrell of Good oil.” This was not in the days of Rockefeller and the lamps and oil cost $82.62. Candles were being used at the same time, for there is an entry of the same date for 36V2 pounds of candles at $4.56. In April, 1823, John Stith, Treasurer of the Build¬ ing Committee for the Union Street Church reported among other things the following: “By the following sums being the amounts col¬ lected from sundry two-hundred subscriptions to date ............$2,439.00 Other Subscriptions ... 191.00 The membership which built the church in 1818 evidently extended the payments of their subscriptions over a period of five years. This is the plan adopted one hundred years later by Washington Street Church in making the improvements as of this time. Another HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 73 thing should be noted: In 1823 there were “Sundry 200 subscriptions” netting $2,439.00. In 1923 the re¬ port showed about 200 subscribers promising to pay about $70,000. In 1823 the membership was 111 white and 55 colored, and in 1923 the membership is returned as 1,1C0. It would seem that every member of the Union Street Church subscribed and that there were gifts also from outsiders, who wished to participate in the good work.. There is every reason why citizens generally irrespective of denomination should assist in building churches in their community . The individual sums contributed ranged from $1.00 to $50.00. There was no subscription over $50.00. On this list may be found charitable and generously inclined business firms and citizens who were not mem¬ bers of the church, but who realized the value of every church building to a community. They were undoubt¬ edly thanked at that time, but posterity may also read their names, and in further appreciation, some of them are here set down: Roger Atkinson, one of the first “Trustees” of Petersburg. John Allison, a prominent lawyer. Bragg & Jones, wholesale and retail druggists. Robert Bolling, wealthy land owner. Brown & Armistead, merchants. James Dunlop, dry goods merchant on Bollingbrook Street. Patrick Durkin, recorder of the Common Hall (Council). John Grammar, clerk of Common Council, post¬ master. Samuel Hinton, merchant. John Hinton, city chamberlain. Col. Wm. R. Johnson, large land owner and wealthy man. 74 THE STORY OF A CHURCH Donald McKenzie, merchant and owner of a large flour mill. John Osborne, a large merchant in Blandford. Edward Pescud, mayor in 1818. Wallace & Stephens, merchants. The great climax in the history of Union Street Church came in 1846. Its chief claim to fame was that within this church was held the first General Con¬ ference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. The question of slavery had upset the church; the Northern members contending that no minister should hold slaves and remain in the Communion and the delegates from the South to the General Conference insisting that it was not in violation of the rules of the Church. The Northern members contended that a minister should free slaves belonging to his wife even in states where such manumission was in violation of State law. In fact the first case, decided in the Balti¬ more Conference, caused the withdrawal from that connection of a preacher, who insisted that he had no right to free slaves, the property of his wife, against her wish, and further that the laws of Maryland would not permit such action, even if his wife would agree. He was forced to sever his connection, nevertheless, to such a point had the heated feeling of the time on this question gone. At the General Conference of 1844 it was agreed that the Annual Conferences in the slave-holding States should have the right, if they so desired, to organize a “separate ecclesiastical Connection.” These Annual Conferences then chose delegates to a Convention in Louisville in 1845 to decide the question. That con¬ vention decided to form, and bring the churches there represented, under a separate jurisdiction. Since then the two divisions have been indistinct, separate organizations. HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 75 The Louisville Convention directed that the First General Conference should “meet on the first day of May, 1846, in the town of Petersburg, Virginia.” On that day at 9 o’clock A. M. the Conference assembled in the Union Street Church. The meeting was called to order by Dr. Winans of the Mississippi Conference, none of the Bishops having arrived, and Rev. John Early, of the Virginia Conference, was elected Presi¬ dent pro tem. The Conference was opened with a religi¬ ous service, the delegates presented their credentials, and they were ready for the work which was to mean two divisions of the Methodist Church in the United States, each going its respective way. The “big men” of the Denomination were there. Virginia had as dele¬ gates William A. Smith, John Early, Thomas Crowder, Abraham Penn, LeRoy M. Lee, Henry B. Cowles, and Anthony Dibrell. It might be noted that every one of these men had served this old church, either as Pastor or Presiding Elder. There were seen Bascom and Kavanaugh and Ralston from Kentucky: Patten and Sullins from the Holstein Conference: Wallace from Missouri: McFerrin, Paine, Pitts and Green from Ten¬ nessee: Hezekiah Leigh from North Carolina: Capers and Wightman from South Carolina: Winans and Drake from Mississippi: Martin of Florida: Alexander from Texas: Ratcliff e from Arkansas: Summers of Alabama: Lovick Pierce and Longstreet from Georgia, among others more or less equally noted. Bishop An¬ drew arrived on May 2nd, and took charge. He had already thrown in his lot with the Southern Church; in fact he was directly interested in the particular case that brought on the separation. The great moment of the day came when the venerable Bishop Soule, the Senior Bishop of the Methodist Church, announced his allegiance, saying “under a solemn conviction of duty, I formally declare my adherence to the Methodist Episcopal Church, South.” What a chorus of fervent “amens” must have greeted his declaration! Two more 76 THE STORY OF A CHURCH Bishops were then elected, the choice falling on Capers of South Carolina and Paine of Tennessee. The two Bishops were ordained in the new Church—the Wash¬ ington Street Church. When the question came up as to the meeting place of the next Session, Nashville, Mobile, St. Louis, Cincinnati and Petersburg were nominated. When Petersburg was nominated, the Conference responded by a rising and unanimous vote of thanks, but they selected St. Louis. The Conference adjourned on May 23d, having been in session twenty- three days. Before adjournment the following resolu¬ tions were passed: “Resolved, that the thanks of the General Conference be presented to the members and ministers of the two Presbyterian churches, and of the Baptist churches for the privilege of occupying their pulpits during the present Session, and for their liberal spirit in so doing. Resolved, that the grateful acknowledgments of the Conference be presented to the citizens of Petersburg, for the very kind and hospitable manner in which the members have been received and entertained among them.” The old town was keeping up its reputation. Union Street Church is historically famous because it was the church in which the First General Confer¬ ence of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, met and deliberated and completed the fundamental or¬ ganic law of the Church, and perfected its formal organization. The next General Conference should take some steps to mark this historic place. In 1820 the membership was 111 white and 55 col¬ ored. In 1830 the membership was 257 white and 160 col¬ ored. In 1837 the membership was 578 white and colored. In 1840 the membership was 701, all white. HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 77 Great revivals took place in this old church. Notably the one in 1823 when two hundred people joined the Methodist Church. Again in 1835 under D. S. Dog- gett one hundred and twenty-three were taken into membership. The consideration of the Methodists in the South for their “colored brethren” was most remarkable, especi¬ ally in view of the fact that the question of slavery was the cause of the disruption of the Church into two branches. It has been seen that galleries were re¬ served for the colored people, and they were not only allowed membership but everything was done for their spiritual welfare. It is recognized now by all students that many of the charges made by the Northern Me¬ thodists in the heat and turbulence of the time were due to an intemperance of thought and speech and were not only unfair but untrue. No one knew better than the Southern man that the way to help the negro was to give him religious training. Union Street Church did a wonderful work among the negroes. When they had been trained to a point where they could handle their own affairs, the members of Union Street Church bought a lot on Halifax Street and gave it to them for a church site—“Old Ebenezer” as it was called, famous in its way. Then, when Union Street Church was left by the white member¬ ship for the Washington Street Church it was given to the colored Methodists, although it was at first thought best to sell it and use the proceeds in helping High Street Church, with a white membership. After the War Between the States the American Methodist Episcopal Z' : on Church took possession of Union Street Church and claimed a right to it. The Trustees of Washington Street Church, at great expense, took the matter into court, obtained a writ of ejectment, and ousted the claimants, and transferred the title to trus¬ tees of the “Colored Methodist Episcopal Church in 78 THE STORY OF A CHURCH America” which was organized under the protection of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. It was sold by this organization in 1903. The last religious service was held in the church on February 17, 1903. A tender memory for the things that have given pleasure is commendable, and such sen¬ timentality is usually accompanied by other traits that set apart the people possessing it. Petersburg and its people have been sometimes condemned for their insis¬ tent “dwelling on the past,” but when the time comes, and God forbid it ever should come, that the people of Petersburg forget their past in the rush of commercial¬ ism this proud historic old city will have lost its chief charm and its greatest asset. No locality in the United States has a more wonderful past. It need not yield to Boston nor New York. It has taken part in every crisis of this great country, and always emerged with distinction. From the time it was an outpost of civil¬ ization, one year after Jamestown, through all the re¬ lations of the new settlers with the Indians, on through Colonial and Revolutionary times, in the wars with England and Mexico, and in the conflict between the States, and the wars with Spain and Germany, it played its part and played it well. In the internal affairs of the Country, the people of Petersburg have always stood forward, unselfishly and patriotically pointing the way and sometimes leading it, with its representa¬ tives fortified by a feeling of pride in the old town and its achievements. So the Methodists hated to see the old Union Street Church torn down, and an attempt was made to keep it for its historical associations, but the purpose failed. The Epworth League Unions then decided on a memorial farewell service. The exercises were dignified and impressive. Singing and prayer— reading a sketch of the church—accounts of all the Methodist Churches in the city—and the benediction. The large congregation filed out of the old church in silence—and the sexton locked the door. WASHINGTON STREET CH U RC H—184 2-18 9 O CHAPTER VII. Washington Street Church C HURCHES, like people, have a period of growth, and a period of decline. Some exist longer than others, but the life of a church reaches its high point, and then begins slowly to decrease as surely as the materials of which it is built must deteriorate. There are many causes for this, but it is the fact that is to be considered here, not the reasons therefor. In the case of Union Street it was to be nearer the centre of population as it then existed in Petersburg. Possibly there were other reasons. Maybe it was thought better to build a new church-—-of more pretentious architecture than to attempt to repair and improve the old one. While the size and magnificence of the church does not by any means tend to a more religious spirit, yet a more comfortable and commodious structure certainly should create a mental and bodily spirit of ease and restfulness. The congregation had grown in power and influence and wealth. Where in the early part of the century the members as a rule were not the leading people in the community, now the most prominent citizens were Methodists, socially, politi¬ cally, and in business. This is one of the most strik¬ ing tributes to the “methods’’ of the Methodists. The rules of the original Societies were regulations of their members’ lives, not only in their religious exer- 82 THE STORY OF A CHURCH cises, but in their daily intercourse. The leading merchants, prominent professional men, men of af¬ fairs, public officials, were members of Union Street Church. Read the list of Stewards, Trustees and Class Leaders in 1840 and thereafter, then turn to the sketches of these men of the past generation, and read the verification. These men left their impress upon their time, and even now, half a century later they and their works are still remembered. Whatever the reasons, the membership decided to build a new church. The Stewards and Trustees had the matter in charge. They were men of judgment— they decided to build for the future, and today the church they built is the largest church auditorium in the city. They were men of taste, they built a church, which is beautiful in its architectural design, and its interior is unsurpassed in this country in its chaste dignity. This is not merely the opinion of the enthusiastic members, but travelers of note have praised it extravagantly. Not long ago a Metho¬ dist Bishop said it was the most beautiful auditorium in the harmony and simplicity of its decoration and arrangement that he had ever seen; and only recently one of the best known Evangelists of the United States, said he had been in most of the beautiful churches of this country, but that he only recalled one which in his opinion surpassed it in beauty of appearance. The designer is not known, and the record of its building can not be found. After all, what does it matter? The result shows for itself. These men, the planners, had a duty to perform. They did it. They planned with care and taste their “meeting house” with God. They watched its erection with attention, and supervised it faithfully. They put into its building their love and prayers and their confidence in Almighty God. No garish decoration, no heathen symbols were used in its arrangement. HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 83 Plain and simple; chaste and dignified; all white and gold in its purity. Their work speaks yet, and has spoken since 1842, eighty-one years ago. It has been enlarged and improved to take care of its growth, but no one has been so bold as to even insinuate any change in the beautiful interior. The history of Washington Street Church is as wonderful as the history of men. It sheltered the first General Con¬ ference of the Church; it has been honored by all succeeding Conferences when its name has been mentioned in the proceedings. Its work has been con¬ ducted by some of the godliest men of the church, and its pulpit has resounded with their eloquent pleas on behalf of the'r Master. The most prominent men of the Methodist Church and other denom'nat.'ons have deemed it an honor to “give evidence” from its plat¬ form. Its chancel has held the bowed heads of the worthy and unworthy for three and four generations. The prayers of the righteous have from here ascended unto heaven; and the unrighteous, in their weak un¬ willingness to yield to the good, yet have departed thence better men and women. Its doors have been thrown open to all, irrespective of creed. Its charities have been scattered abroad—-its humanitarianism has been as broad as its charity, more extensive by far than the years of its existence, or the number of its members can indicate. Its walls have echoed the patriotism of the country in three wars; have seen the ministrations to the soldiers of the country, some of whom never came back again; and have heard fervent and trust¬ ing requests of the Almighty for guidance in times of stress and crisis. The history of this country and city could almost be written from its history, if its walls could talk. When Washington Street Church was built there were few churches in the city. The first church, of course, was old Bristol Parish in Blandford, of the Established (Ep’scopal) Church. The next was the 84 THE STORY OF A CHURCH Harrison Street (Methodist) Church, which was the outcome of the efforts of the membership of the first Methodists, who worshipped in the old Theatre on Old Street. Then the Market Street (Methodist) near the corner of Market and Hinton (or Friend) Street in 1788. The Episcopalians moved to Petersburg from Blandford and erected a building on the site of the present Courthouse in 1802, which was used at times by the Methodists while they were building their church on Union Street, the next church building erected. When the present Washington Street (Meth¬ odist) church was built in 1842, there were in Peters¬ burg the Episcopal Church on Sycamore Street fac¬ ing Franklin, to which the Episcopalians had moved from Courthouse Hill, and from which in 1853 they went to their present Church on Union Street; also the First Presbyterian Church on Tabb Street; and the First Baptist Church on Washington Street. Petersburg, at this time, had about twelve thousand inhabitants, but it began to grow, and in the decade— 1840 to 1850—Methodism enjoyed wonderful pros¬ perity. Washington Street and High Street Churches were built; Wesley Chapel and Blandford Chapel were bought of the Presbyterians, and the work started in those sections of the city; Ettrick Chapel was erected and the Orphan Asylum established. In 1840 there was no church of any denomination west of Market Street. A Sunday School was conducted and afternoon services were held in a brick building still standing on Plum Street, a short distance east of Canal Street. An old account says: “Services were seldom held at night, as they were likely to be interrupted by hoodlums who infested that section of the town.” The same writer also states: “The streets not being lighted, it was cus¬ tomary for people who attended night meetings to carry along a small candle, protected by a tin lantern. Kerosene was not known. Clocks and watches were HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 85 not plentiful and evening services were announced as beginning at ‘early candlelight/ ” Washington Street Church was dedicated June 26, 1842. From then until now it has steadily grown in influence and importance. There have been few im¬ portant changes in the structure until the addition of the right and left wings of the present building. The membership has increased from 1842 until today (1928) it has the largest roll in its history. The people of Petersburg are a home-loving people and the church of today has many families whose ancestors labored zealously in the past affairs of the church. This will be seen by reading the sketches of the Stew¬ ards. The first definite mention in the records about the erection of a new church was on December 3, 1840, though it must have been generally discussed before that time. At this time a resolution was passed appointing Thomas Branch, Beverly Drinkard, D’Arcy Paul, H. Whitmore, William Brownley, Dinwiddie Grigg, and Jordan Branch a committee to purchase a lot, raise subscriptions, and procure suitable plan for the erec¬ tion of a new church according to the Discipline. It was further resolved that when the new church build¬ ing was erected the Trustees should sell the Union Street Church and appropriate the proceeds exclusively to the erection of a church in the Western part of the town. This action was rescinded at a later date and it was given to the colored people. Again on June 24th, 1841, is recorded: “William Brownley was appointed Treasurer for the new church fund. D’Arcy Paul, Leader, H. Whitmore, and Thomas Branch, Leader, were appointed a com¬ mittee to superintend the erection of the new church, with power to make arrangements for collecting the 86 THE STORY OF A CHURCH subscript'ons and give orders on the Treasurer to the builders. ” No sooner was the church erected than some of the members began to consider the erection of new church buildings in other parts of the city. No cause can be assigned for th‘s, unless the amount of the debt to be paid off was a factor and this could hardly be the case, for the same condition would apply elsewhere. Nor could it have been due to lack of facilities in the new church, for it was then and probably is now the largest church in Southside Virginia and can hold twelve hundred people. The reason probably was that the town was growing to such an extent that the outlying sections felt that they needed a church nearer their own homes. Washington Street showed no spirit of selfish¬ ness but helped in every way to build these other churches, and even went so far as to give up some of their most prominent leaders in order to start the new churches in the best possible manner. So in 1842 we find Thomas Branch moving that the Station be divided into two. His motion was tabled, but finally carried about a year later, and High Street Church was started with the membership of Plum Street, which has been referred to as a Sunday School, aided by influential members of Washington Street, including Thomas Branch who lived on West High Street. Ettrick Sun¬ day School was added to this charge and the whole was called “The Western Station.” In 1844 a lot and building on Halifax Street, about two squares above the present location of Wesley Church, was purchased by the Washington Street Church from the Presbyterians and was for a while designated as the “Presbyterian,” then “Wesley Chapel,” and this church was started. In this year, in July, a resolution was passed provid¬ ing for a committee to act in conjunction with a com¬ mittee from Western Station to consider the question of sending delegates to the Convention of the Southern. HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 87 States, which was held in Louisville in 1845 to con¬ sider the separation from the Northern Churches. This committee was instructed to make their report to the male members of both Stations at a later date. The report was favorable to the separation and the final result is known, but it would have been most interesting to have been present at this joint meeting of the male Methodists in Petersburg and heard the discussion. This was the first of many very important gatherings held in Washington Street Church. The next important meeting in Washington Street Church was the first ordination of the Bishops elected by the First General Conference of the Methodist Epis¬ copal Church, South. In October, 1846, the Trustees reported that the debt on the Church still amounted to $2,000.00, and at the same time appointed a committee to raise money and build a chapel in Blandford. In addition to these activities a committee was appointed to establish a catechetical school for the “oral instruction” of colored children at the Union Street Church, and Daniel Lyon was made Superintendent of the School. One year later it was reported that the colored school had forty scholars and was using Capers Catechism. It would seem that this particular catechism was a very appro¬ priate one for that use. There is a curious and interesting entry in the min¬ utes of 1847. It recites that a member of the church, calling him by name, was expelled “for going to law” with another brother “in warranting him for a debt and refusing to withdraw the warrant.” What a scene the imagination conjures up! One good brother want¬ ing his money which he insists is due by the other good brother, and not being able to get it, using the only pacific means to obtain it. Then the other good brothers expostulating and imploring him to “let it go.” But he has a stubborn streak in him and he 88 THE STORY OF A CHURCH refuses and undergoes expulsion before he will give in. Wonder if he ever got his money, and if he didn’t what was done to the good brother who wouldn’t, or couldn’t, pay his debts? In these somewhat dry records of the past, it is refreshing to run across this little human touch that reminds us of the frailties of the present. At the meeting of the Quarterly Conference held on October 18, 1849, D’Arcy Paul, on behalf of the Trustees, arose and gave the joyful news to the assem¬ bled brethren that Washington Street, Blandford, Wesley Chapel, and Union Street were all “out of debt.” Three new churches built and paid for within seven years. How did they do it? They must have been financiers in those days. Then the need for a parsonage arose and a committee was appointed “to secure a lot.” This was in 1852. The committee evidently was “asleep on the job” for three months later that committee was discharged and another was appointed, and ordered further “to raise the money.” It was done. Not content with organizing High Street, Wesley Chapel, Blandford Chapel, and assisting Ettrick, in 1854 a committee was appointed to procure a site and build another church after conferring with High Street and Wesley Chapel “according to the Discipline.” The result of their work was the erection of Market Street Church, and again Washington Street, the old mother, gave up some of her membership to the number of eighty to start this child off “in the way it should go.” Market Street Church within the year has built “Trin¬ ity” Church on Sycamore Street, two blocks south of Washington Street Church. One of the Quarterly Conferences of the Church this year (1854) passed a resolution requesting the Vir¬ ginia delegates to the General Conference to “use their influence to have the Discipline amended so as to in- HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 89 crease the salaries of the itinerant preachers.” Think¬ ing they might have more weight if the General Conference was in their own bailiwick, they also re¬ quested that the Conference be invited to hold their next session in Petersburg. The invitation was not accepted. The next year (1855) the Stewards became artistic¬ ally inclined and had a fence put around the church, but refused to put in “stone steps.” However they provided for the planting of trees, flowers, and shrub¬ bery on the lot. So these active Stewards “carried on,” reporting every year that the church was “out of debt” with the greatest satisfaction. Some of the members presented a new Communion Service. Others, of a careful busi¬ ness training, ascertained that some of the records were on loose sheets, and had them put in permanent form. Now the “permanent form” can not be found. How these entries disclose the loving care of the members for the church for which thev had so much love and pride. Then came “the War”—the War Between the States. Virginia was the battlefield. Petersburg was not im¬ mediately under the guns until the Siege, beginning in 1864, and ending when Petersburg was evacuated in April, 1865. During the ten months siege the steeple of the church was the target for the guns of McGilvray and Steadman, out on the Federal lines. Their aim was poor, however, for the church was not hit although the shells from the enemies’ fortifications fell all around it. In that time of stress, is it any wonder that twice —but only twice—the records are silent? Not only was the record silent, but the sweet-toned bell of the church that called the worshippers to its shrine was forever stilled, for in the dire necessities of the country for metal, the church had given it to the Confederate States to be used in making cannon. The sweet tone 90 THE STORY OF A CHURCH of Sabbath peace was lost in the harsh clangor of death-dealing artillery of cruel warfare. An entry in the Stewards meeting records, “No¬ vember 14, 1864, Brother George B. Jones reported killed in battle on the 9th of June,” when the city they so dearly loved was surprised by a sudden attack in the rear while Lee and his army were far across the river to the north protecting Richmond. The old men, and the young boys, wounded soldiers on furlough, gotten together hastily under the command of Col. F. H. Archer, another member of Washington Street and a veteran of the Mexican War, armed with old muskets went out to meet the enemy. Only one hundred and fifty against a mounted force of thirteen hundred. They couldn’t win a victory, but they could give their bodies to stop the invaders long enough for Gen. Lee to send aid. So they died—but they saved the city. All the eloquent words of mortal men could not stir the hearts and memories of the people of Petersburg more, than the simple report concerning Steward George B. Jones “killed in battle on the 9th of June.” This war note injected into the story of a church does not seem amiss to the people of Petersburg, for they fought for their State as they served their church —to the Glory of God. The war ended. Life and business and religious work must go on, but how changed it was. Devastated in physical things, all business gone, there was naught left but Honor and Faith. They turned to the con¬ solation of Religion, but the church in which they wor¬ shipped needed repair, and the membership had nothing to give—they had given their all. Oh, the pride in their entry, “Washington Street Church in pretty good condition!” On November 20th, 1866, the Pastor re¬ ported 354 members, “after purging the Register.” Not until 1871 could anything be done and then the Pastor reported “frescoing walls and ceiling and paint- HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 91 ing nearly completed” and that he ‘‘hoped to secure a new organ for the church.” About 1870, there was considerable agitation concern¬ ing German Missions. Money was collected from sub¬ scribers to various parts of the State, and chapels were erected in Petersburg and Richmond and possi¬ bly in other places. The building in Petersburg was on the Northwest corner of Sycamore and Fillmore Streets, afterwards used by Capt. McCabe as a school- house. The site is now occupied by an eye-sore in the shape of an unfinished apartment house, which has been there for several years. Even the old “German Mission” was an improvement on this incomplete struc¬ ture. Trustees were appointed, but the Mission failed in its purpose and the building was sold. The records do not disclose whether it was because the supply of Germans gave out, or whether they got beyond the need of a Mission. Then the Trustees didn’t know what to do with the money. After much discussion, indulged in apparently with some feeling, it was de¬ cided to lend it to the German Mission in Richmond provided they would give a guarantee to return the money if it should also “prove a failure.” It was a failure, and $250.00 of the money was given to Bland- ford church for repairs and the remainder of $803.66 was given to Wesley Church. If the Germans were not helped, the German Mission did some good after all. The church, with its steeple, was painted and many repairs made, both inside and out in 1882. The in¬ surance on the building at that time was $18,000.00. December 12, 1882. Resolution was passed apppoint- ing “J. W. Bradbury to open a correspondence with Brother W. W. Royall, of China, with a view of em¬ ploying two native missionaries or teachers to be sus¬ tained by this church.” Also “Resolved that the Quarterly Conference endorse action of District Stew- 92 THE STORY OF A CHURCH ards recommending a District Parsonage to be located in Petersburg” and pledging Washington Street to raise one-fifth of the amount. November 2, 1886. “Resolved a committee be appointed to co-operate with a committee from Market and High Street Churches in advancing the interests of Methodism in the West End.” In November, 1887, there was reported a member¬ ship of five hundred and thirty-four. In 1890 the exterior of the church was extensively improved, at a cost of about $5,000, which was raised and paid within two years. Also at this time the basement room of the church was enlarged. These improvements were necessary to meet the growing needs of the church. The outside portico with Doric pillars, and stone steps leading to it from either side was built, and the steeple was made broader at the base and twenty feet higher. The work was delayed on account of rain which was said to have fallen on more than half the days from May 1st to November 15th. It was thought that these improvements would be sufficient for some time, but in the early part of the century further improvements were suggested. The organ was removed from the rear of the auditorium and put behind the pulpit, and other changes were made. The total expense was about $20,000. $8,000 of this sum was raised, but the collection of the re¬ mainder lagged, and the church carried the indebt¬ edness on loans until 1913.” Then there was organ¬ ized what was known as the Co-operative Board. At a church meeting it was brought to the attention of some of the men of the church who were not on the Board of Stewards that this debt was hanging over the church, and it was suggested that a body of the younger men of the church be formed for the express purpose of getting rid of the debt, in round figures, about $12,000. This organization offered its services HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 93 to the Board of Stewards. The Co-operative Board was composed of twenty-five young men, with duly elected officers and a plan of work. The first work this “Board” accomplished was the securing of $12,000 in subscriptions, which was done in an intensive cam¬ paign of one week. The work of collecting these sub¬ scriptions extended over a period of several years, and three-fourths of the amount was collected before the “Board” went out of existence. This “Co-operative Board” suggested to the Board of Stewards a “budget” plan for church expenses which was adopted, and this organization handled it successfully for the first year, when the collection of current expenses was again taken over by the Stewards, and the church debt was left to the younger body. It was a very valuable ad¬ junct to the work of the church, and it gave the younger men an opportunity to familiarize them¬ selves with the needs of the church, but its very efficiency was its ruin. It brought into notice the younger men, and the Board of Stewards was con¬ stantly recruiting its ranks from the membership of the Co-operative Board. No organization could stand this drain long, and it was finally decided to disband. The plan worked well and under certain modifications it could be used advantageously in every church. The younger men created enthusiasm in church work not only among themselves, but among the Stewards. They took hold at a time when they were most needed, and by their efforts and enthusiasm fostered a spirit of real co-operation among the church members that put old Washington Street back on its feet in good financial shape and ready to continue its work. In fact the enthusiasm of these years was largely responsible for the spirit which enabled the beloved pastor, Dr. John B. Winn, to put into effect a dream which he had for making Washington Street the finest equipped church in Southern Methodism for the work 94 THE STORY OF A CHURCH it was pledged to do. Dr. Winn planned a “wing” on either side of the main building, architecturally har¬ monious with the existing structure, and connected by galleries, so that the enlargement would take care of the work of the Sunday School, the Men’s Classes, the Women’s organizations, church offices and all other activities. It was a stupendous undertaking and it was estimated that $100,000 would be necessary to carry it through. Nothing daunted, the membership, consisting of 1,100 names on the church register, pledged themselves to follow the lead of the man who conceived the plan. It was absolutely necessary to have larger accommodations for the Sunday School anyhow, and it was determined to make a thorough job of it at once. Arrangements were made for financing it and the work has been finished. In ad¬ dition a new $20,000 organ was installed. About $70,000 was pledged in the first campaign made to raise the money and the balance necessary will be subscribed. The church was united as it was never before—the greatest enthusiasm prevailed—and then occurred one of the things that the system of the Church is responsible for and which may occur at any time. The appointing power transferred to another charge the man who had originated the plan, put it into execution, aroused the enthusiasm of his follow¬ ers—who possessed their love and loyalty to a most unusual degree. The transfer was made before the building was finished, at the most crucial period. The Board of Stewards had put the matter before the Bishop and had not an inkling that their leader would be taken from them at such a time. The news came as a shock, and the church was stunned by the blow. It rallied its forces and gave loyal support to the min¬ ister appointed and he worked faithfully to carry on the work of his predecessor. The difficulties con¬ fronting him and the church membership are great, but the spirit of Washington Street is such that it HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 95 always overcomes difficulties, and it will overcome this situation. The “itinerant system” made the Methodist Church, for it was suited to conditions existing in a thinly set¬ tled country. The change in pastorates after four years’ service also was instrumental in the activity and growth of the denomination. In the majority of cases it has worked well. No system, however, should be so rigid that it cannot be altered to meet changing conditions. Today the service required by large city churches is so varied and onerous that a pastor has hardly had time to meet his own congregation before he is taken away, and he has had no time to make a place for himself in the community. This is prevent¬ ing the influence which Methodist pastors otherwise would exert in building up their churches. There is some latitude now allowed the Bishop, after consulta¬ tion with his Cabinet, in these cases, but where the Bishop holds to the theory of the four-year plan there is no appeal by the church or minister from his de¬ cision. It seems that there should be some method of appeal by the church laity, as well as the preachers, under certain conditions, to prevent harm being done by an appointing power not sufficiently acquainted with the facts, or ignoring them. In the intervals of improving its property the church was active in all other interests of the denomination. In 1898 the Epworth League Union of Petersburg and vicinity was organized at Washington Street Church. It existed in a flourishing condition for many years, but is not active now. Its greatest work was the attempt to buy the old Union Street Church and preserve it as a landmark of Southern Methodism. It failed to carry the plan through, but held the last ser¬ vice at the old church in 1903, to which reference has been made. Washington Street Church in these later years has had its “ups and downs.” For various reasons, changes 96 THE STORY OF A CHURCH were made frequently in the pastorate, and this did not inure to the benefit of the church. In a city it takes some time for a pastor to become acquainted with his own congregation, and his best work is often done when he has the opportunity to meet the people of the community and share their interests. A min¬ ister for only a year or two at a charge is never able to get the organization of the church in the best shape. From 1909 to 1917 only one minister was permitted to remain three years and most of them only a year or two. However, the love and attachment of its mem¬ bership to the church is so great that even with these handicaps it prospered. Its greatest prosperity has been since 1916. In that year it had a membership of about six hundred and now it has eleven hundred. The work done by this church in that period is a wonderful one. It was united and harmonious in every respect, loving the preacher in charge and re¬ ceiving in return his best efforts. Its greatest opportunity came in the days of the World War. Camp Lee with sixty thousand soldiers in training was located at the gates of the city. All the churches recognized the wonderful opportunity of service, but Washington Street responded in a manner that could not be surpassed. Its doors were open at all times to the soldiers, and the activities of the church were manifold. Weekly social gatherings were held, and the soldier boys went from Petersburg across the seas to meet the enemy, with less experience of the evils of camp life than probably any other portion of the American army. The Eightieth Division was the first division trained at Camp Lee, and as its entire period of training was received here, Petersburg looked on it as its “own.” Its record shines bright in our war annals. Over one hundred of its men joined Washington Street Church and about 2,000 came in as associate members. Other divisions were trained here HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 97 for a while and were taken in by the church and city as hospitably as was the Eightieth. No one will ever know but God, who sees all things, the good done by this church. Many boys in the trenches of Europe, amid the horrors of war, remembered old Washington Street Church, as their letters attested. Many a boy dying on field of battle for his country had reason to bless Washington Street Church, for there he had prepared himself to meet his God. The ladies of the church were in charge of the social activities, and a report made by the chairman • sets out so simply its work from December, 1917, until May, 1918, that it surpasses any rhetorical effort and is here quoted: “On Sunday afternoon, December 22, 1917, the ladies of Washington Street Church started a social hour for the enlisted men of Camp Lee. Since that time seven thousand soldiers have been entertained. One hundred and seventy-five women and young women of the church and twenty-seven men have as¬ sisted in the work, which has been of real joy, con¬ sidering the hearty co-operation received and the expressions of gratitude from the men of the Eightieth Division, not only as they were going away, but each Sabbath during the time. We will always remember that gratitude with great pleasure, believing that last¬ ing good will result, and knowing that many have found Christ through the preaching of our beloved pastor, Dr. J. B. Winn. “Mrs. W. W. Warren, Chairman.” After the boys had gone “Over there,” in one mail there were sent by the pastor one thousand letters, each letter containing a bulletin of Washington Street Church, to soldiers of the Eightieth Division, then in France. It so happened that these letters were de¬ livered to the men when they were in the front line trenches for the first time. The letters received in :eply from these “boys” form a volume of such human 98 THE STORY OF A CHURCH interest that they should be bound and preserved among the valuable archives of Washington Street Church. These things were, of course, only a part of the work. The records of the church show a great deal more, but history that is so recent in the hearts of the people of the church cannot be written, as it should and will be, when a future generation will clamor for the facts that are now known to all. In the opinion of all this was the greatest oppor¬ tunity Washington Street Church ever had, and it met the opportunity and did its greatest work. Mention has been made of large accessions to the church in the years 1823 and 1835. Perhaps the next largest num¬ ber received into the church at any one time was on Easter Sunday in 1920, when after a series of services lasting two weeks, under the ministrations of the pas¬ tor and his brother, Rev. J. Arthur Winn, one hundred and thirty-seven united with the church. In this num¬ ber were many of the leading men of the community. WOMEN OF THE CHURCH There may be noted in these pages a lack of refer¬ ence to the women of the church. This is due to lack of recorded attention to their doings and not to de¬ liberate intention to ignore them. The women have been the church up-keepers from the days of Martha and Mary. If nothing else showed the innate mod¬ esty and faithfulness of woman, the fact that she does all the drudgery of the church work, and asks for no representation, would be a sure indication of it. “Tax¬ ation without representation” was the slogan that created the greatest republic on earth. The women in every church might raise a similar cry, even though they should not obtain as great results. The Board met at “Sister King’s” house, but did she have a voice in their deliberations? The record doesn’t say she did, but every man of that day and this would be HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 99 willing to admit that her influence (as the influence of the “Sisters” of today) was most powerful. The his¬ torian cannot give specific instances of management in church affairs by the women, but that influence was there, and it was mighty and it prevailed. Maybe the unseen—but felt—influence of women will prove to be greater than their active efforts. Among the women of prominence in the first church may be listed those who appear in the roll of members hereinbefore referred to. The Union Street Church had on its first roster the names of Mary Roper, Nancy Clark, Mary Lee, Ann Bishop, Ann Gholson, Eliza Goodwyn, Ann Harrison, “Sister” Mary Harding and Rebecca Harding, Martha Jeffries, Eliza King and Susan Whiting. Many of the family names are familiar to the ears of the people of Petersburg. In the early days of Washington Street Church per¬ haps the only definite activity of the women of the church was conducted through an organization known as the “Dorcas Society.” It is not possible to give an accurate and complete list of the officers and members. The hallowed mem¬ ory of many who have “entered into rest” lingers in the minds and hearts of daughters, who are still “car¬ rying on” their good work. Among the pioneer workers we find the names of Lucy Frances Branch, Elizabeth Scrosby Paul, Chris¬ tine Brown, Louisa Alfriend, Catherine Brunet, Ann E. Blanks, Eliza Pollard, Aurelia Pollard, Mary Ann Johnson, and many others. Mrs. George B. Jones was, for many years, president of this society. Many of “God’s little ones” were not well provided for, especially in the poorer families represented in the Sunday School. These ladies would visit in such homes, and by tactful questioning would learn what was needed in each family. They knew just how 100 THE STORY OF A CHURCH many pairs of, shoes, and the sizes that would be re¬ quired ; how many yards of cotton would furnish suf¬ ficient underclothing; the exact number of yards of calico, gingham or worsted that would be needed to make suitable dresses for school and Sunday School. After making this investigation, a purchasing com¬ mittee would be appointed, the material bought, and all the ladies called together. Cotton, by the bolt, was cut into “long division.” Dresses were actually meas¬ ured, cut out, and tied up ready for distribution. In some cases, the mother in the home, when necessary material was given to her, could make these clothes. When this was not practical, there were ready hands to fashion every garment, willing feet would bear the bundles, and kind hearts would scatter sunshine into the many cheerless homes. Twice a year, in spring and fall, the list for shoes would be spread before the society. After much prayer, the committee would go forth, and the story comes down to us of many “re¬ ductions” given by generous shoe dealers. After each such endeavor the society was called together again, and the doxology sung when cash and credit accounts seemed likely to balance. The spirit of sympathy between benefactors and beneficiaries was made manifest in the devotion of scholars to teachers. Especially was this true in the case of Miss Margaret Goodwin’s class. “Miss Mag,” as she was tenderly called, lived to be ninety-one years of age, and “e’en down to old age” possessed the same beautiful spirit that endeared her to all with whom she came in contact. Others who were deeply interested in this work were: Mrs. John W. Bradbury, Miss Mary Jane Wells, Mrs. John H. Atkinson, Miss Sallie Grigg, Mrs. Alex. Harrison, Mrs. William Long, Miss Mag Mahood, Miss Jennie Drinkard, Miss Mollie Bell. HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 101 During the War Between the States the church was the center of all activities for relief work among the suffering soldiers. Sewing machines were not very numerous in those days, but Miss Emma Branch, daughter of Mr. Thomas Branch, possessed a most beautiful one. This was carried to church, and the ladies, not only of Washington Street Church, but of other denominations as well, would meet, gather around that treasured machine, and make garments for the soldiers, and prepare needed supplies for the field hos¬ pitals. Mrs. Sam Drummond was a most active leader of this band of women workers. The women throughout the Southern Methodism had never been given a specific work, all their own. True it was they were expected to “speak out” in the old-time “class meeting” and “love feast,” and they were doing whatsoever their hands found to do in deeds of love and charity for those immediate by around them, but they wanted authority to do an organized connectional work. A timid memorial was sent to the General Confer¬ ence of 1874, asking for recognition and for authority to start a woman’s department of missions. But it was lost. This memorial was presented again to the General Conference, May 14, 1878, in Atlanta, Ga., with a petition that the women of the M. E. Church, South, be authorized to work for missions, under a charter. This was granted, and immediately the Woman’s Foreign Missionary Society was organized. Any great movement has its origin in the faith and vision of one personality. The beginnings of the work of the Woman’s Foreign Missionary Society cluster around the name of Juli¬ anna Hayes, its first president. During the same year, 1878, Mrs. Hayes visited Petersburg, and, in Washing¬ ton Street Church, organized the Woman’s Foreign Missionary Society of the Virginia Conference. 102 THE STORY OF A CHURCH Mrs. Charles Hall was elected president, but resigned and was elected corresponding secretary, holding this office eleven years. She was then made vice-president, which office she was filling when she died. As Virginia was among the first to have a Confer¬ ence Woman’s Foreign Missionary Society, so Wash¬ ington Street Church was the first to have a Woman’s Foreign Missionary Society. Mrs. William S. Harrison, lovingly known as “good Mrs. Harrison,” was made the first president. After a short term of office , she was succeeded by Mrs. Charles Hall, who served for twenty-one years, and watched with triumphant faith the growth of this work so dear to her heart. Under the inspiration of her life and works, the women for many years have supported a Bible woman in China, who bears the name of “Annie Hall.” Mrs. Louis L. Marks was, for a long time, president of this society. Some writer has said that the only memorials worth while are living memorials. So deep and far reaching was her interest in those who knew not her Lord, that, after she had passed out of life on earth, it was found an offering had been set aside, by her, for some special work in a non-Christian land. A room in the hospital at Shang¬ hai, China, has been endowed to be known as the “Bettie Marks Room.” In this room the suffering woman among China’s poor will be given medical at¬ tention, and at the same time will be told of the won¬ derful love of the Great Physician, who alone can cure the sin-sick soul. Yet another name on the roster of this society awakens a recollection of loving deeds and sacrificial giving—Mrs. C. D. Tinsley. It was oftenest in the homes of the poor and distressed, or kneeling by the bedside of the sick and dying, she would pass on to others the gospel message, so exemplified in her life. At the time of her “going away,” an offering left by her was, at her request, divided equally between the HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 103 Foreign work and the Home work. A young life in Brazil was to be trained for service for the Master, and a scholarship in Ferrum Training School was to be given to some mountain girl in Virginia. Among those active in this society we find the names of Mrs. Thad Woody, Mrs. James Mullen, Mrs. Frank Hobbs, Sr., Mrs. Caspar Wright, Mrs. James Pritchett, Mrs. Christopher James, Mrs. Sam Booth, Mrs. Nettie Kidd, Miss Virginia Major, Mrs. Emma Lanier, Mrs. Emma Baugh, Mrs. A. L. Jones, and Mrs. Annie B. Peebles. It was clearly evident that Mrs. Hall was set apart to lead the women of her church. In 1880 she or¬ ganized a Young Woman’s Foreign Missionary So¬ ciety, becoming its first president. Of few who have lived and wrought in this beloved church can it be equally said that they wrought their deeds into living memorials as she did. This little band of, 16 young girls, Mrs. Mary E. Young being the first treasurer, raised during the first year the sum of $40.00. Last year the society num¬ bered 71, and gave, in voluntary offerings, $1,378.20 for the spread of missions. The girls of the original society are the women of the church today. Their success is but the achievement of the work which her vision mapped out, and her zeal and prayers made possible. A short while after the death of Mrs. Hall there arose another leader of large vision, Mrs. W. G. Starr. She, by her consecration, inspired the young people to still greater achievements, and more abundant service. One incident in the work of this society seems well worth repeating. Because of the “Mother-Love” in her heart, Mrs. Starr suggested that a gift be sent to the little scholarship girl in China, named Annie Hall. A beautiful bisque doll was bought, carefully dressed as a dainty little American girl, and sent on its mission 104 THE STORY OF A CHURCH to China. This was the first American doll that had ever been seen in that section of China. She created quite a stir and her fame soon became widespread. Many came from miles around to the school in Hu- chow, just to see the little “maid,” and begged for the privilege of handling her. Finally the news of her advent in China reached the royal palace, and the Em¬ press wrote a letter to one of our missionaries, asking that the little American doll be allowed to come to the palace that all the ladies of the royal home might see her. The little “lady” was sent, was accorded a royal welcome, and greatly admired. Miss Jennie Kay dressed the little doll. The “Little Pansies,” a missionary society for the children, was organized by Miss Kittie Bradbury, now Mrs. A. M. Hughlett. Annie Lou Blanks, now Mrs. Milford Woody, was the first name to be enrolled. These children met in “Miss Kittie’s” home. She told them stories of the little children of non-Christian lands who knew not the Christ-child, whom they knew and loved. Afterward Mrs. A. B. Prentiss, that “Mother in Israel,” who was “Miss Addie” to the children of Washington Street Church for more than a half cen¬ tury, became leader of this society. For many years their interest centered around a little Chinese girl in Clopton School named “Pansy,” the children contrib¬ uting to her support year by year. In answer to their earnest little prayers, “Pansy” became a Christian, married and established a Christian home in China. She kept in touch with her much loved American friends, sending them many tokens of appreciation. Other scholarships were supported—one was named Kittie Bradbury, another Addie Prentiss. The last still continues to be passed on from one child to an¬ other—the most fitting tribute to one whose heart was devoted to the children of her own and foreign lands. HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 105 and whose life was given in service for the training of the young life of the church. “Miss Addie’s” long and useful life of service will abide. Her “children” repeat today in their lives the sweet influences of her own life. “This is the immor¬ tality of the choir invisible whose music is the gladness of the world.” The words of a little poem express most beautifully her life among the children: MY CROWN. The only crown I ask, dear Lord, to w 7 ear Is this—that I may help a little child. I do not ask that I shall ever stand Among the wise, the worthy, or the great; I only ask that safely, hand in hand, A child and I may enter at thy gate. —Selected. Miss Addie has passed, but little children will grow old remembering her and loving her, and there are gray-haired men, it may be, who are kinder and gentler because they knew her. On the tablet erected to her memory in the Sunday School: “Mrs. Addie Moore Prentiss died January 20, 1912, aged seventy-five years. Superintendent of the Primary Department of the Sunday School for forty- eight years. Blessed are the pure in heart for they shall see God.” In 1885 Bishop Hargrove, through the Board of Church Extension, reported that several stations had been abandoned because there was no house for the preacher and his family. At the General Conference of 1886 the Woman’s Department of the Church Extension was authorized to raise funds for purchasing and securing parson¬ ages. But this work broadened its scope, for it soon included the many phases of Home Mission work— the needs in the city slums, the mountain districts, 106 THE STORY OF A CHURCH work among the negroes and the immigrants. In 1890 the General Conference granted a change of char¬ ter and thus was forrmed the Parsonage and Home Mission Society. Washington Street Church was among the first to have this organization. Mrs. James Prentiss was perhaps the first president. For many years Mrs. George Morrison led these women in this special work, and those who attended the monthly meetings enjoyed the rare privilege of her well pre¬ pared devotional service. Among those especially interested in this society were Mrs. James B. Blanks, Mrs. C. A. Boyd, Mrs. V. V. Atkinson, Mrs. Bettie Aiken, Mrs. Julia Bordley, Mrs. Rosensteel, Mrs. C. E. Borst, Miss Emma Rid¬ dick, Mrs. Jennie Taylor, Mrs. W. H. Scott, Mrs. Willie Hite, Mrs. T. J. Burgess. There come, from time to time, changes in the pas¬ torate of the church. It has always been the duty of the women of the church to “speed the parting” pas¬ tor, and “welcome the coming” one. The home for him who shepherds the flock must be “set in order.” In “ministering to the necessity of the saints,” the pantry must be supplied. These duties became pleasures when attended to by Mrs. George Scott and Mrs. Stith, Mrs. T. J. Jefferson, Mrs. Alta Drewry, Mrs. Laura Wilson, Mrs. R. B. Davis, Mrs. Susan Birdsong, Mrs. Frank Strailman, Mrs. F. 0. Strailman, Mrs. W. Y. Burge, Mrs. John W. Hays, Mrs. R. M. Craddock. In 1919 the Woman’s Foreign Missionary Society and the Woman’s Home Mission Society united, form¬ ing the Woman’s Missionary Society. Since that time the work has been departmental as to organization. The women have been interested not only in China, but many years ago an interest was awakened also in Brazil, an appeal having come for a cholarship in Porto Alegre. The response was immediate and the holder was D. Amalia Delacoste, whose life became a HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 107 power, and was an inspiration to the entire student body in the Mission School. Her American name was Ruth Warren Chieves. Ruth—for Miss Ruth Blanks, who for many years was president of this society. Warren—for Mrs. W. W. Warren, who is now serving her thirty-fifth year as treasurer of this society. Chieves—for Mrs. Shelton Chieves, then District Sec¬ retary of the Petersburg District and whose missionary zeal and untiring devotion to the work has been an inspiration to the women of the church. A call for definite service came and found response in the heart of one of the splendid women of this church. Miss Ethel L. Brown entered the Methodist Training School at Nashville, Tenn., in 1913, and after two years of religious training and preparation, offered her life for service to the Woman’s Missionary Council. She was accepted, consecrated for service, and in July, 1915, went out to Brazil. Her life while there was one of loving sacrifice and devotion. Being frail in body, she could not stand the physical strain in that enervating climate, and after four and a half years of sacrificial service, she returned to the homeland. In January, 1923, an effort was made to reach every woman in the church and enlist her interest for ser¬ vice in the Missionary Society. A vow made when entering the church imposes the obligation, “to attend upon its ordinances and support its institutions.” The Woman’s Missionary Society is the only recog¬ nized woman’s institution of the church, and each woman, upon entering the church, automatically be¬ comes a member of the Missionary Society. There were many who had never been active in any line of church work, just because they did not know what could be done. “The object of the Woman’s Missionary Society shall be to hasten the coming of the kingdom of God throughout the world by enlisting the women, young 108 THE STORY OF A CHURCH people and children in a study of the needs of the world and in active missionary service; by raising funds for special work of the church and parsonage; the evangelization of mission fields at home and abroad; the maintenance of the institutions under the care of the Women’s Missionary Council, and for the betterment of civic and social conditions.” For greater efficiency, twelve circles were formed, composed of the entire female membership of the church, and by an impartial distribution of the names, each woman, girl and child was placed on some circle. Circle No. I is composed of the children from the cradle to fourteen years of age. Circle No. II includes all the “teen-age” girls. Circle No. Ill is composed of the young women of the church. Circle No. IV consists of the business women. The remaining eight circles include all the adult members of the church and many of the congregation. This society is directed by an Executive Board, com¬ posed of the officers of the organization together with the leaders of all the circles. Any work, projected by the Executive Board, is assigned to each circle through the Program Committee. Executive Board: Officers—President, Miss Ruth W. Blanks; Vice-President, Mrs. J. R. Bell; Recording Secretary, Mrs. R. M. Craddock; Corresponding Sec¬ retary, Miss Grace Alley; Treasurer, Mrs. W. W. Warren; Assistant Treasurer, Mrs. C. A. Boyd. Superintendents—Mission Study, Miss Inez May Cox; Social Service, Mrs. W. H. Willcox; Supplies, Mrs. B. J. Andrews; Program, Mrs. I. B. Davenport; Agent for Missionary Voice, Miss Annie R. Baugh. Leaders of Circles—-No. 1, Mrs. L. L. Kidd; No. 2, Mrs. J. C. Pamplin; No. 3, Mrs. G. F. Holt; No. 4, Mrs. R. B. Jordan; No. 5, Mrs. D. M. Booth; No. 6, HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 109 Mrs. W. J. Purdy; No. 7, Mrs. R. Milford Woody; No. 8, Mrs. H. M. White; No. 9, Mrs. W. I. Cox; No. 10, Mrs. A. L. Jones; No. 11, Mrs. E. R. Bowman; No. 12, Miss Ruth W. Blanks. A large program of social service has been under¬ taken, certain phases of work being done in co-opera¬ tion with the Associated Charities. Many deeds of love and charity are reported by various circles at each monthly “get-together” meeting. In rotation special church duties are assigned to circles—one being to furnish flowers for church services. These flowers are afterwards sent to bring a bit of cheer to some sick room. Three scholarships are being supported in Ferrum Training School for mountain children in Virginia. Two scholarships are supplied for Virginia School in Huchow, China. Two Bible women are supported, one called “Annie Bradbury,” in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; the other, “Annie Hall,” in Huchow, China. In the homeland other of¬ ferings go toward the maintenance of schools for mountain children and for dependent and delinquent girls. Also for Wesley Houses among the miners and immigrants, and for Bethlehem Houses among the negroes. In eight foreign fields, China, Japan, Korea, Manchuria, Siberia, Brazil, Mexico, Cuba and Africa, the work is three-fold in nature—-Evangelistic, Edu¬ cational and Medical. There are institutional churches, schools and hospital. The women of Washington Street Church, from the time of its organization, have always been found doing “what they could”—angels could do no more. SUNDAY SCHOOL WORK-1846 TO 1923 In 1843 Washington Street had two hundred and five scholars and thirty-five teachers—today it has 521 scholars and 38 teachers. no THE STORY OF A CHURCH In 1843 it reported three Sunday Schools under its care—Washington Street, Plum Street and Ettrick. It has four hundred and seventy-eight volumes in its library. There were seventy-one teachers and three hundred and ninety-five scholars. A few years later a Sunday School was organized in Blandford and then a Chapel was bought from the Presbyterians. Wesley Chapel had been organized and Ettrick Chapel built. All of these began with a Sunday School organization. Ten years later: Washington Street had 43 teachers and 253 scholars. Wesley had 12 teachers and 80 scholars. Blandford had 8 teachers and 45 scholars. High Street and Plum Street and Ettrick were now on their feet and conducting their own affairs. This entry is significant: December 29th, 1862. “Report that Sunday Schools not in flourishing conditions, doubtless in consequence of so many teachers being about to contend with the common foe.” In 1866 Major W. A. Shepard, superintendent, re¬ ported two hundred on rolls. This was Washington Street alone. Two years later Washington Street had thirty-five teachers and three hundred and twenty-five scholars. Major Shepard resigned and Captain L. L. Marks was elected in his place. Captain Marks served the School as superintendent for thirty years and was recognized as one of the most efficient Sunday School men in the Virginia Confer¬ ence. A tablet to his memory adorns the wall of the lecture room. There are two other tablets in this room, one as a memorial to Mrs. Addie B. Prentis, who was for forty-eight years Superintendent of the Primary Department; and the other to the memory of Edwin Barksdale, who was killed in the Argonne Forest during the World War. HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 111 Captain Marks declining to serve longer as Super¬ intendent, reorganized the “Old Ship of Zion” Class and in a few months had gathered together a large number of men that were not members of any school. He taught this class for ten years until called from his earthly labors in January, 1910. Williams T. Davis was elected Superintendent of School January 1, 1910, and served for one year. He was succeeded by John R. Turner, who served for two years. James B. Blanks was elected Superintendent March 18, 1903, and was succeeded by Walter A. Williamson, who was elected November 1, 1905, and is now serving his eighteenth year as Superintendent. In 1906 the school room was enlarged by removing the north wall and forming two large class rooms. The School continued along its progressive lines for a number of years and finally the church recognized its great religious educational task must be carried out through the Sunday School. Therefore, it became nec¬ essary to again enlarge and to provide suitable quarters and equipment for the great and vital service the School has been called upon to render. This vision of an ideal School for Religious Education has been realized, and today we have a modernly equipped departmentized School, housed in three separate buildings. The west wing is for elementary work, the first floor being used for the Cradle Roll, Beginner and Primary De¬ partment, each separated by solid walls. The entire second floor is used by the Junior Department. The east wing, second floor is used by the Intermediate- Senior Department and the first floor is used by the Young People’s Department. On this floor there is also a Ladies’ Parlor, Stewards’ Room, Boy Scouts and Club Room. The main School Room is used by the Adult Department. The kitchen occupies a con¬ venient space between the east wing and the main 112 THE STORY OF A CHURCH building to the rear. The Superintendent’s office oc¬ cupies a like space on the opposite side between the west wing and the main building to the rear. There is no church in Southern Methodism at the present time better equipped for Sunday School work. The structural plan cannot be improved upon. The Sunday School of today is far different, in its methods, from those of earlier times, but more and more it is being recognized that the church of the future must build up from its Sunday School. Washington Street Church can look forward to greater years of useful¬ ness with the splendid equipment of its present school taking care of the church in looking after its children. WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH—1890 CHAPTER VIII. Pastors I N giving this list it must be borne in mind that Washington Street Church is the outgrowth of a little meeting that was held in the year 1773 by a few people under the teaching of one of the first Methodist preachers in Virginia. The minutes of the First Conference held in 1773 recite that a preacher was stationed at “Petersburg!!”. The next year (1774) at the Second Conference, “Petersburg” was changed and called “Brunswick Circuit”. From then until 1793, the preachers were cited to “Bruns¬ wick,” except in 1780, it was called “Sussex.” In 1793 and 1794 a preacher was stationed at “Petersburg”, but in 1795 and until 1804 they were again referred to “Brunswick”. From 1804 until 1814 the station name “Petersburg” persisted, and in 1814 it was called “Petersburg and Amelia”. Beginning in 1815 and extending to 1845 the station was referred to as “Petersburg”, and in 1845 the first mention of “Washington Street” was made. From 1845 until the present time the pastors were assigned to “Washington Street” except that in 1848 the charge was referred to as “Washington Street and Union Street”, and in 1850 as “Washington Street and Wesley Chapel”. This enumeration, therefore, will include all those pastors from 1773, as Washington Street Church was 116 THE STORY OF A CHURCH the direct result of the first organization in that year. It may be interesting at this time to note that “High Street Church” was the next Methodist Church es¬ tablished, and was composed of Methodists in that western section of the town and “some very prominent and influential members of Washington Street Church, v ho doubtless identified themselves with this organ¬ ization in order that they might not only aid in the establishment and promotion but might also assist in extending the scope of Methodist influence and power in Petersburg”, says one writer. This was in 1844. Wesley Church was begun by a committee from Washington Street who purchased a little chapel on Halifax Street from the Presbyterians in 1850. Market Street Church was founded by Rev. John E. Edwards, with the assistance of members of Washington Street Church, and in 1858 93 mem¬ bers were transferred from Washington Street and 40 from W T esley Chapel and that church was organ¬ ized. Market Street has just this year erected a new building on Sycamore Street and given it the name of “Trinity”. Blandford Church was organized in 1845. Memorial Church, formerly West Street, was organ¬ ized about 1854. In the establishment of both of these flourishing churches, the members of Washington Street were active and enthusiastic in their assistance. It is eas¬ ily seen how old Washington Street is the “Mother- Church” and why her “daughters” love her for her unselfish devotion to the interests of Methodism. It would be a most unusual and irreligious attitude, if it were otherwise. This list may not be absolutely correct. It has been made up from several lists from several sources. It is about as near correct, however, as can be ob¬ tained, it is believed. HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 117 It was thought that a brief sketch of the personal characteristics of the Pastors would be interesting as indicating the type of men who served the pulpit of Washington Street Church and its predecessors. These sketches have also been compiled from many sources, and it was not thought necessary to give the authors of the descriptions, as it would have inter¬ fered with the purpose in mind, viz: to give just a brief reference to the appearance and character of each individual. Petersburg can find no fault with the ministers who have officiated here. Many, if not most of them, were the leading preachers of their time. If the reader desires further acquaintance with the subjects of these sketches, he can very readily gain the information. Nor is there any claim to originality by this author in these sketches. In fact, a part of almost every sketch is an extract from some existing work. The years of their service in Petersburg are set opposite their names. As to the Stewards, the list is very probably in¬ complete. The author has tried to have sketches writ¬ ten by descendants where he could get this done. In some cases, it was not practicable to delay the work in making an extended search. No one should feel hurt at any omissions of the church work of any be¬ loved relative. Such information as could be more or less quickly obtained has been set down—much has been left out for lack of space as well as from lack of time necessary to make an extended research. In every case the attempt has been made to show the influence of the Steward in the community as well as in the church. Bishop McTyeire says it was the custom of John Wesley to publish short accounts of his preachers. It should be of interest to members of this church to know what kind of men their preachers were and what 118 THE STORY OF A CHURCH influences their officers exerted in the church and com¬ munity. It will be seen that Washington Street Church has always had “the best of both.” LIST OF PREACHERS AT PETERSBURG, 1773- . 1923, AND YEARS IN WHICH APPOINTED Petersburg 1773— Robert Williams. Brunswick 1774— John Wade, Isaac Rollins, Samuel Spragg. (Lee, p. 51, also gives John King.) 1775— George Shadford, Robert Lindsay, Edward Dromgoole, Robert Williams, William Glendenning. 1776— George Shadford, William Duke, William Glendenning. 1777— William Watters, Freeborn Garrettson, John Tunnell. 1778— John Dickens, Edward Pride. 1779— Thomas Morris, Richard Ivy, James Morris. Sussex 1780— Lee Roy Cole, Edward Pride, Samuel Watson.. Brunswick 1781— Caleb Boyer. 1782— Richard Garrettson, Joseph Cromwell, Jere¬ miah Lambert, Peter Moriarity. 1783— James O'Kelley, Joseph Cromwell. 1784— William Glendenning, John Robertson. 1785— Edward Drumgole, James Haw. 1786— Philip Cox, James Gibbons, Henry Merritt- HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 119 1787— John Easter, Henry Jones. 1788— John Paup, Benjamin Ogden. 1789— Jeremiah Minter, Myles Green. 1790— John Easter, Thomas Easter. 1791— John Paup, Archer Davis. 1792— John Baldwin, Benjamin Barnes. Petersburg 1793— John Lindsay. 1794— John Lindsay. Brunswick 1795— -John N. Jones, William Kavanaugh. 1796— Bennet Maxey, H. M. Gaines, I. Ellis. 1797— One-half year, James Meacham, J. Tucker. One-half year, Enoch George, Philip Sands. 1798— Philip Sands, Stith Mead, John Evans. 1799— Pembroke Smith, John Moore. 1800— Joseph Hill, John Cox. 1801— William Ormond, David M. Hume. 1802— Nathaniel Walker, Bank M. Burrough. 1803— —John Buxton, William Wright. Petersburg 1804— Jesse Lee. 1805— John Potts. 1806— John Potts. 1807— William Hubbard. 1808— Erasmus Hill. 1809— Pleasant Thurman. 1810— Benjamin Devaney. 1811— Thomas Anderson (Stewards Church Record also gives Jesse Lee). 120 THE STORY OF A CHURCH 1812— John Anderson (Stewards Church Record also gives John Potts). 1813— Thomas Cooper (Stewards Church Record also gives C. H. Hines). Petersburg and Amelia 1814— Minton Thrift, Caleb N. Bell, Henry Rob¬ inson. Petersburg 1815— Thomas Moore. 1816— Matthew M. Dance. 1817— William Compton. 1818— Fletcher Harris. 1819— James M’Aden. 1820— Henry Hardy. 1821— George M. Anderson. 1822— Hezekiah G. Leigh. 1823— Hezekiah G. Leigh. 1824— G. W. Charlton. 1825— George W. Charlton. 1826— William Harnett. 1827— William A. Smith. 1828— William J. Waller. 1829— William A. Smith. 1830— Bennett T. Blake and Rev. Minton Thrift. 1831— David S. Doggett. 1832— David Wood. 1833— Henry B. Cowles. 1834— Abraham Penn. 1835— D. S. Doggett. 1836— H. B. Cowles. 1837— Thomas Crowder, Jr. HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 121 1838— Thomas Crowder, Jr., George Mahood (Sup.) 1839— A. Dibrell, G. Mahood (Sup.). 1840— Anthony Dibrell, Jas. D. Coulling. 1841— William A. Smith, B. H. Johnson. 1842— William A. Smith, Joseph Carson. 1843— Edward Wadsworth, Joseph Carson. 1844— Edward Wadsworth. Washington Street 1845— Henry B. Cowles. 1846— George W. Langhorne (Stewards Church Record gives H. B. Cowles). 1847— George W. Langhorne. Washington Street and Union Street 1848— David S. Doggett, G. A. Bain (Sup.), (Stew¬ ards Church Record gives G. W. Langhorne). Washington Street 1849— D. S. Doggett. Washington Street and Wesley Chapel 1850— Nelson Head. 1851— Nelson Head. 1852— Anthony Dibrell. 1853— Anthony Dibrell. Washington Street 1854— George W. Langhorne. 1855— George W. Langhorne (G. W. Charlton, Sup.). 1856— John E. Edwards (George W. Charlton, Sup.). 1857— John E. Edwards (George W. Charlton, Sup.). 122 THE STORY OF A CHURCH 1858— Robert Michaels. 1859— Robert Michaels (John B. Laurens, Sup.). 1860— Charles H. Hall (John B. Laurens, Sup.). 1861— Charles H. Hall. 1862— William H. Wheelwright, Thomas H. Early. 1863— William H. Wheelwright, Thomas H. Early. 1864— Charles C. Pearson. 1865— Charles C. Pearson (John B. Laurens, Sup.). 1866— James A. Duncan. 1867— James A. Duncan (Thomas S. Campbell, Sup.). Washington Street and Blandford 1868— C. H. Hall (T. S. Campbell, Sup.). Washington Street 1869— Charles H. Hall (T. S. Campbell, Sup.). 1870— Charles H. Hall (John B. Laurens, Sup.). 1871— Charles H. Hall (John B. Laurens, Sup.). 1872— William W. Duncan. 1873— William W. Duncan. 1874— William W. Duncan. 1875— Joseph H. Riddick. 1876— Joseph H. Riddick. 1877— Joseph H. Riddick. 1878— Joseph H. Riddick. 1879— J. D. Blackwell. 1880— J. D. Blackwell. 1881— J. D. Blackwell. 1882— J. D. Blackwell. 1883— John D. Blackwell. 1884— S. S. Lambeth. 1885— S. S. Lambeth. HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 123 1886— S. S. Lambeth. 1887— It. N. Sledd. 1888— R. N. Sledd. 1889— —William E. Evans. 1890— Adam C. Bledsoe. 1891— A. C. Bledsoe. 1892— A. C. Bledsoe. 1893— A. C. Bledsoe. 1894— W. G. Starr. 1895— W. G. Starr. 1896— W. E. Edwards. 1897— W. E. Edwards. 1898— George W. Wray. 1899— George W. Wray. 1900— B. F. Lipscomb. 1901— B. F. Lipscomb. 1902— B. F. Lipscomb. 1903— W. G. Starr. 1904— W. G. Starr. 1905— W. G. Starr. 1906— J. B. Winn. 1907— J. B. Winn. 1908— J. B. Winn. 1909— J. B. Winn. 1910— T. R. Reeves, Nov., 1910, to May, 1911. Left to take appointment as Principal of Blackstone Female Institute. Fred R. Chenault, June, 1911, to Nov., 1911. 1911— George E. Booker. 1912— George E. Booker. 1913— George E. Booker. 1914— S. T. Senter. 1915— Richard Wilkinson. 1916— Richard Wilkinson. 124 THE STORY OF A CHURCH 1917— J. B. Winn. 1918— J. B. Winn (H. P. Myers). 1919— J. B. Winn. 1920— J. B. Winn. 1921— J. B. Winn. 1922— F. L. Wells. Since this list was compiled Rev. H. P. Clarke has been assigned to Washington Street Church. ROBERT WILLIAMS—1773 R OBERT WILLIAMS was the Father of Meth¬ odism in Petersburg. He came over from Eng¬ land among the earliest preachers to be sent by Wesley and first preached in New York in 1769. His first visit to Virginia, he spent in Norfolk and its vicinity, but in 1773 we find him preaching in Petersburg by invitation. From that time Petersburg was his headquarters. He established Brunswick Cir¬ cuit, and traveled all over Southside Virginia, preach¬ ing and forming “Societies” in this section of the State. His life in Virginia was brief, but he was a pioneer, not only in a physical sense, but in a religious one as well. The story of his life should be written in detail, but the scope of this work forbids more than a thumb-nail sketch. We can but wonder what the “good old man”' would say and do were he to stand in the beautiful auditorium of Washington Street Church—one of the handsomest in the South—and review the wonderful spread of the work which he started in Virginia 150 years ago. It may be safely said that his first act would be to fall on his knees and give thanks to God. The following description of him, given by one who knew him, is so eloquent that it would be superfluous to add to it. Devereaux Jarratt, an Episcopal preacher, the min¬ ister of Bath Parish, in Dinwiddie county from 1763 HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 125 to 1801, says: “He was a plain, artless, indefatigable preacher of the gospel; he was greatly blessed in de¬ tecting the hypocrite, razing false foundations, and stirring up believers to press after a present salvation from the remains of sin.” He was said to have been “the first Methodist min¬ ister in America that published a book, the first that married, the first that located, the first that died.” He also “preached the first Methodist sermon in Vir¬ ginia ; he formed the first society; he aided in building the first church, and made out the plan of the first circuit.” Petersburg was his first station, given him at the first Conference, and when the citizens of this good old town hearken back to the voices of the past, surely they will strain their ears to catch the heavenly tones of Petersburg’s first “good old man.” He was located in 1774 and died in 1775. Asburv preached the funeral sermon and recorded in his Jour¬ nal: “He has been a very useful, laborious man. The Lord gave many souls to his ministry. Perhaps no one in America has been an instrument of awakening so many souls as God has awakened by him.” BRUNSWICK CIRCUIT—1774-1780 John Wade, Isaac Rollins, Samuel Spragg —1774 In the year 1774, Petersburg became the headquar¬ ters of what was known as “Brunswick Circuit,” the first circuit formed in Virginia, and planned, as has been noted, by Robert Williams. Little is known of the lives of these men. We do know that they labored faithfully and that there was a great revival this year throughout the district. John Wade was received into the ministry in 1774 and “located” in 1777. Isaac Rollins was received into the ministry in 1774. He was expelled in 1781. 126 THE STORY OF A CHURCH Samuel Spragg was received into the ministry in 1774 and withdrawn in 1778. Lee says he was “ex¬ pelled.” John King—1774 He was received into the ministry in 1773. Located in 1776. “In the beginning of the year 1774, John • King, an Englishman, came first to the south parts of Virginia, where his labours were made a blessing to many people. He was a sensible, zealous preacher and was very useful while he continued to travel.” His work was mainly in Norfolk and “The Southern parts of Virginia.” Minutes of the Conference station him in Norfolk, but Lee (p. 51) attributes him to Brunswick Circuit. GEORGE SHADFORD—1775 He was received in 1768, died in 1816. George Shadford was sent by Mr. Wesley to America in 1773. He had traveled for five years before coming over. He preached with great success all through Southside Virginia, and from the account of the meetings he must have been a fiery, impassioned, earnest and forceful speaker. “In the beginning of March, 1778, G. Shadford left his friends after he had kept a day of private fasting and prayer with Mr. Asbury, in order to know the will of God. He then said he saw his way clear to return to England. Mr. Asbury saw it best to abide in America; so they parted, and each one acted as he thought right.” He came to America in 1773 and returned to Europe with Thomas Rankin and Martin Rodda, two Eng¬ lishmen, who only stayed a short time in this country. It is related they were not in sympathy with “The Revolution.” HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 127 Shadford was born in England in 1739. He was at one time in the army and led a dissolute life until he was converted. After preaching in England he came to this country and labored in New York and Baltimore before he was sent to Virginia in 1775. At this time there were 800 members in the Circuit, but they were “joined in a very confused manner.” After this great revival of 1775, mainly carried through by Shadford, the number increased to near 1,200 in Brunswick Circuit alone. ROBERT LINDSAY—1775 Received 1774. Located 1788. Lee says of him in his “Short History.” “He was an Irishman by birth and went to Europe in the time of the Revolutionary War and traveled and preached until 1788.” Stevens’ History of the Methodist Church says: “The American Conference, in its extreme need of laborers, received him in 1775. After traveling some nine or ten years, his mind, always infirm, sunk into a species of mania on the Brunswick Circuit, Va., where he probably overtaxed his energies in the great re¬ ligious excitements of that region.” EDWARD DRUMGOOLE—1775 Received 1774. Located in 1778 (Bangs). Bennett says he was located in 1786. Served Brunswick Circuit in 1775 and in 1785. Trustee of Ebenezer Academy. Drumgoole was a native of Ireland and first lived near Baltimore, where he was converted and joined the Methodists. He preached until 1786, when he settled in Brunswick county and lived about fifteen miles from Lawrenceville. He lived until 1835 and died in the eighty-fourth year of his age. He pros- 128 THE STORY OF A CHURCH pered after leaving the ministry, but continued to preach locally when needed. Two of his sons became preachers—one, George C. Drumgoole, represented this district in Congress. He “possessed a high order of intellect; plain in his dress, gentle and un¬ assuming in his deportment, of deep piety and of great moral worth. He was for piety, zeal and usefulness the embodiment of a primitive Methodist preacher.” WILLIAM GLENDENNING—1775 Received 1775. Withdrew 1785. It was thought that he “lost his reason,” and this conclusion was reached by his brethren after reading a book written and published by him, entitled “The Life of Wm. Glendenning.” Not the first time that a man who writes a book earns the soubriquet of “crazy.” He asked for readmission in 1792, but the Conference still believed him to be “beside himself” and refused to admit him. He states in his book that the General Conference wanted him to go to Nova Scotia, but he “refused with warmth.” WILLIAM DUKE—1776 Received 1774. Located 1779. WILLIAM WATTERS—1777 Received in 1773. Located in 1783 (Bangs). “The first Methodist preacher raised up in America, who traveled the western wilds, and labored in the woods of Kentucky.” “Wm. Watters of the western shore of Maryland began to travel this year; and he was the first travel¬ ing preacher that was raised up among the Methodists in America.” He was converted in a revival held by Robert Wil¬ liams and John King in 1770. HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 129 Noted as a member of General Conference in 1804 from the Baltimore Conference. He may have been readmitted, or it may have been another by the same name. He was a native of Maryland. FREEBORN GARRETTSON—1777 Received in 1776. Died in 1827. A man of some carelessness, yet sincere and earnest in his work. On one occasion he undertook to travel into Virginia to advise the traveling preachers of a most important meeting at Baltimore at Christmas. The account says: “But being fond of preaching by the way, and thinking he could do the business by writing, he did not give timely notice to the preachers who were in the extremities of the work; and, of course, several of them were not at that Conference.” He must have been a lovable and interesting, if dilatory man, or is it ungracious after this lapse of time to even imagine that he may have been not very intent on getting men to the Conference who might not be in sympathy with his ideas. “Church politics” may not be a new thing after all. At this General Conference of 1784 he was ordained and sent immediately to Nova Scotia. In 1787 he returned to the United States. Mr. Wesley had di¬ rected that he be made Superintendent for Nova Scotia, but when his brethren insisted that if he accept the position he should stay there, and “not be at liberty to return again to this country,” he declined the appoint¬ ment. One cannot but admire his judgment and inde¬ pendence and perhaps also be faintly amused at his determination to stay with these brethren, who seemed rather desirous of parting with him forever. At the General Conference held in 1788, he was appointed Presiding Elder of the district around Lake Champlain. There was a revival under his direction and leadership, and the work greatly prospered. “He 130 THE STORY OF A CHURCH opened the way into the interior of New York State and penetrated into Vermont.” A member of the first Council in 1789, and of the second Council in 1790. Member of the General Con¬ ference in 1804 in Baltimore from the New York Conference. JOHN TUNNELL—1777 Received in 1777. Died in 1790. Ordained an Elder at the General Conference of 1784, held December 27th in Baltimore. He was “a man of solid piety, great simplicity, and godly sin¬ cerity; well known and much esteemed both by min¬ isters and people. His gifts as a preacher were great and his conduct as a pious man worthy of imitation.” He was buried at a meeting house about five miles east of Sweet Springs. He was a member of Holston Conference in 1788, where he made many conversions. i JOHN DICKINS—1778 Received in 1777. Located 1781. Readmitted 1783 in New York. Died 1798. One of the Trustees of the Fund for Relief of the Superannuated and Wornout Ministers and Preachers in 1796—the first creation of such a fund. He was mentioned first and probably was instrumental in this work. The work of the ministry was so hard that it was almost impossible to keep full ranks. This fund relieved the situation to some extent. He was born in London and received his education there. It is not known when he emigrated, but he became converted and joined the Methodists in Virginia in 1774. Preached through the Revolutionary War in Virginia until 1781. Moved to New York and in 1783 was re¬ admitted and made Superintendent of the Book Con¬ cern in Philadelphia. He was well educated and well fitted for this position on account of his literary at- HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 131 tainments. He wrote the “Short Scriptural Cate¬ chism,” used for many years by his church. His executive ability put the Publishing Department of the Church on a sound and prosperous basis. He stuck to his post throughout the yellow fever epidemic in Philadelphia, but succumbed to the dread disease in 1798. Bishop Asbury said of him: “For piety, probity, profitable preaching, holy living, Christian education of his children, and secret closet prayers, I doubt whether his superior is to be found either in Europe or America.” One of the leaders in the move to allow ministers to administer the holy ordinances of the Church. Ordained Deacon at General Conference of 1784. A member of the first Council in 1789, and of the second Council in 1790. One of three members to superin¬ tend Cokesbury College in the recess of the Council and the absence of the Bishop. “His skill and fidelity as editor, inspector and cor¬ rector of the press was exceedingly great. He con¬ ducted the whole of his business with punctuality and integrity. His death was more sensibly felt by the Methodist connection in general than we had ever known or felt in the death of any other preacher that had died among us.” EDWARD PRIDE—1778 Received in 1777. Located in 1781. In Sussex Circuit in 1780. THOMAS MORRIS—1779 Received in 1781. Located in 1790. He sided with Gatch and O’Kelly as to ordinances in 1779. Ordained an elder at the Conference held in Petersburg by Asbury in 1788. 132 THE STORY OF A CHURCH JAMES MORRIS-1779 Received 1779. Located 1785. Sided with O’Kelly in 1779 as to administration of the ordinances. RICHARD IVY—1779 Received in 1778. Died in 1795. Ordained an Elder at General Conference of 1784. Member of the first Council in 1789. He was a native of Sussex county, Va., but traveled extensively from New Jersey to Georgia. “He was a man of quick and solid parts and preached with a good degree of ani¬ mation.” “He was powerful and animated in the pulpit and bold as a lion in the cause of his master.” SUSSEX CIRCUIT—1780 TO 1781 Leroy Cole —1780 Received 1777. Died in 1830. Ordained Elder at General Conference in 1784. In 1785 he was “laid aside or expelled.” “Soon after his expulsion he was restored to the traveling connection.” Sided with O’Kelly as to ad¬ ministration of ordinances in 1779. Preached in Glou¬ cester and Mathews counties with great success in 1797. SAMUEL WATSON—1780 Received in 1780. Located in 1783. BRUNSWICK CIRCUIT—1781 TO 1793 Caleb Boyer —1781 Received in 1780. Located in 1788. HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 133 RICHARD GARRETTSON—1782 Received 1779. Located in 1783. JOSEPH CROMWELL-1782 Received in 1777. Located in 1793. Stevens, speaking of Asbury, says: “As the next Conference approached he wrote to Wesley that he had been on Brunswick Circuit, ‘the oldest and best in Virginia/ ‘Many faithful people/ he adds, ‘joined us at our first coming here, having been convinced by the faithful preaching of our worthy friend, Mr. Jarratt. I found the labors of those two men of God, James O’Kelly and Joseph Cromwell, had been blessed to the awakening and conversion of souls.” JEREMIAH LAMBERT—1782 Recieved in 1781. Died 1786. Ordained an Elder at the General Conference in Baltimore in 1784 and sent to Antiguam, West Indies. His health declined and he returned shortly to Mary¬ land, where he died. “A man of sound judgment, clear understanding, good gifts, genuine piety, and very useful, humble and holy; diligent in life and resigned in death; much es¬ teemed in the connection, and justly lamented.” PETER MORIARITY—1782 Received in 1782. Died 1814. He was a Roman Catholic until he was sixteen years old when, as he says, “it pleased God to send the people called Methodists into the neighborhood where I was born.” He was forbidden by his parents and the priest to hear them, “as they were a very dangerous people.” However, he did hear them, and in his own words, 134 THE STORY OF A CHURCH “I continued to hear them till it pleased the Lord to open my eyes.” “Although he might not have been classed among the greatest speakers, certainly he was among the most useful; plain in his dress, plain in his manners, and plain and pointed in his preaching; in short, his life was a constant comment upon the gospel he preached.” “Having fulfilled his ministry with fidelity, had taken his departure from the field of labors to the land of rest.” JAMES O’KELLY—1783 Received in 1778. Withdrawn 1793. One of the leaders in the movement to administer the holy ordinances. A man of great independence of character, firm and unyielding in his thought and con¬ victions. The faction of which he was the head claimed that if they were called upon to preach, they were also called upon to administer the ordinances of the Church. James O’Kelly ordained at General Conference of 1784. A member of the first Council in 1789. In 1792 at the General Conference of that year, his independent and democratic spirit brought him again into conflict with the majority of his brethren. He was in favor of allowing a preacher an appeal to the Conference, if he thought that he had been injured in his appointment by the Bishop. He was defeated in his contention and with his friends and supporters, many from Virginia, left the Conference and the Methodist Church. It must be confessed that to the present day laymen his suggestion was not unreason¬ able. The Methodist Church, founded in the most democratic spirit and manner, still contains remnants of autocracy that are causing some restiveness. HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 135 O’Kelly continued to travel and preach on his own motion until his death and had many followers. It is interesting here because he, and so many of his fol¬ lowers, lived in Southside Virginia. They formed a new party, with O’Kelly at the head, and called them¬ selves “Republican Methodists.” Their plan was in¬ tensely democratic. All were to be on equal footing— one preacher was not to be above another; they prom¬ ised to the lay members greater liberties than they had formerly enjoyed. In the year 1801 they changed their name and called themselves “The Christian Church.” They were popularly called “O’Kellyan Methodists.” They are not to be confused with the “Christians” or “Disciples of Christ” as known today, although many of the O’Kellyans joined with that organization. He died in 1826 in the ninety-second year of his age. JOHN ROBERTSON—1784 Received in 1784. Located in 1787. Jesse Lee says, p. 196, that “John Robinson” lo¬ cated in 1793. It is probably the same. It may be ehat this is the preacher who joined the O’Kellyan ranks in 1793. JAMES HAW—1785 Received in 1781. Located in 1791. He and Benjamin Ogden were the first preachers sent to Kentucky, then a newly settled country. They “laboured with great success and were prospered in their endeavors to build up the Redeemer’s Kingdom.” This was in 1786, so it is seen that he left Petersburg for this pioneer work in the western country. He was known as “the first missionary to Kentucky.” PHILIP COX—1786 Received in 1782. Located in 1794. An Englishman by birth, in the ministry for 14 years. He traveled in several States and “preached 136 THE STORY OF A CHURCH the gospel with considerable success.” “He was a man of sound judgment, of quick apprehension and a great lover of un'on, and often prayed and preached to the admiration of his hearers.” He was a pioneer in the uncivilized part of the country and distributed re¬ ligious books through the western wilds. The hard¬ ships of his work in an undeveloped country brought his life to an untimely end. He was a very small man. At one time, owing to the condition of his health, he thought of leaving the ministry, but upon weighing and finding he weighed 100 pounds, he said he would never quit as long as he weighed that much. JAMES GIBBONS—1786 Received in 1782. Located in 1784. HENRY MERRITT—1786 Received in 1783. Located in 1796. Trustee of Ebenezer Academy. HENRY JONES—1787 Received in 1782. Located in 1788. JOHN EASTER—1787 Received in 1782. Located in 1792. Served Brunswick Circuit 1787 and 1790. Born in Mecklenburg county, Va. His home was one of the meeting places of Methodists in that section of the State. From the reports that have come to us he must have been a remarkable man. He was probably the most effective preacher of his time. His speech was simple, almost rude, but he spoke with such fervor and power that he never failed to reach the deepest emotions, and it “was no unusual thing for scores and hundreds to fall down in the pangs of sudden and powerful conviction.” On one of his circuits 1,800 HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STRFET CHURCH 137 members were added to the church in one year. Bishops McKendree and George were converted under his preaching. Many extraordinary stories are told of his service. “The facts which have come down to our times,” says Dr. Lee, “of the almost miraculous labors of the Rev. John Easter, his strong faith and his astonishing success, are far more surprising than any of those recorded in the days of the Son of man.” He had a son who was a Methodist minister, but who finally took orders in the Episcopal Church, and lived in Baltimore. Their name died out in this part of Virginia. JOHN PAUP—1788 Received in 1785. Located in 1792. Served Brunswick Circuit 1788 and 1791. He came to this Circuit from the “Northern Neck” of Virginia, where he had been threatened with con¬ finement in jail for his preaching. He was evidently an ardent and fearless exhorter and he had much suc¬ cess in his work. BENJAMIN OGDEN—1788 Received in 1786. Died in 1834. Upon his admission he was sent with James Haw, who had been stationed at Petersburg, to the unex¬ plored country of Kentucky. He only stayed a short time, for in 1788 we find him stationed on the Circuit from which his co-laborer, Haw, had been sent. Their work in Kentucky was very successful and they built up many societies there, and it was said “many people in the western country will have cause to bless God for the coming of those preachers into that part of the world.” He was never admitted into full connection, according to Jesse Lee, who puts him in a list of those preachers who were on trial. 138 THE STORY OF A CHURCH JEREMIAH MINTER—1789 Received in 1787. Located in 1791. MYLES GREEN—1789 Received in 1831. One list gives Myles Green as being on Brunswick Circuit in 1789. Bangs list, Vol. IV, gives his name as “Received 1831”—nothing more said. Lee gives him as received in 1789, but puts him in a list of probationers, and never admitted into full connection. THOMAS EASTER—1790 Received in 1790. Located in 1796. Brother of John Easter. He was overshadowed by the brilliance of his brother, and very little of his life has come down to us. ARCHER DAVIS—1791 Received in 1788. Located in 1793. JOHN BALDWIN—1792 Received in 1782. Located in 1795. The first session of the Virginia Conference held in Petersburg was in 1788, and John Baldwin was or¬ dained a deacon, in the church on Market Street. BENJAMIN BARNES—1792 Received in 1788. Located in 1794. PETERSBURG (STATION)—1793-1794 John Lindsay —1793-1794 Received in 1789. Located in 1795. He served in the mountains of Western Virginia in 1792. He had followed O’Kelly in his views, but HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 139 admitted his error in doctrine and was continued in Methodist fellowship at Conference of 1792, and or¬ dained an Elder at this time. BRUNSWICK CIRCUIT (1795-1804) John N. Jones —1795 Received in 1790. Died in 1799. John N. Jones was a native of Virginia and traveled eight years. ‘‘He had been zealous and useful and died in the Lord.” “He was a very plain man in his dress and manners. He was a man of afflictions and weakness of body and almost wornout with his suf¬ ferings, yet he was unwilling to leave the work of God.” He died in Charleston. “He was full of zeal, a fervent preacher and a successful laborer in the vineyard of the Lord.” WILLIAM KAVANAUGH—1795 Received in 1794. Located in 1798. BENNETT MAXEY—1796 Received in 1788. Located in 1797. Re-admitted. From Powhatan county, Virginia. He was much beloved and venerated and lived a long and useful life in the ministry. The family name still persists in Powhatan countv. H. M. GAINES—1796 Received in 1795. Located in 1799. IRA ELLIS—1796 Received in 1782. Located in 1797. Ordained an elder by Asbury at the first Conference held in Petersburg in 1788. Virginia Conference min¬ utes of 1804 show Ira Ellis admitted in that year. It is presumed that he went back into the itinerant min¬ istry. 140 THE STORY OF A CHURCH JAMES MEACHAM—1797 (i/ 2 year) Received in 1792. Located in 1798. JOEL TUCKER Received in 1792. Located in 1798. The Bishop must have been “trying out” the young fellows, but they didn’t last very long, for Meacham, Tucker, and Sands retired after half a year’s work on this circuit. ENOCH GEORGE—1797 (i/ 2 year) Received in 1790. Died in 1828. Member from Baltimore Conference to General Con¬ ference in 1812. This distinguished man was with us only a short time—one-half a year—but he afterwards became a Bishop, and a short sketch would be interesting. The “Minutes of the Conference for 1829 do not place him in Petersburg, but say simply that in 1796 and 1797 he was a presiding elder. He was born in Virginia and joined the ministry when he was about 22 years old. He “traveled” as a young man, mainly in South Carolina. Before he was made Bishop his work was mostly in Maryland. “Bishop George was a man of deep piety, of great simplicity of manners, a very pa¬ thetic, powerful and successful preacher, greatly beloved in life and very extensively lamented in death.” His father lived for a while in Dinwiddie and Bruns¬ wick counties, Virginia, and he became impressed by the teachings of Devereaux Jarratt. From the min¬ utes of the Conference for 1829: “He was a preacher of rare ability. His voice was powerful, but not harsh, under perfect control, and seemed peculiarly fitted for the expression of pathetic thoughts. His style was a mixture of the sublime and the pathetic. In his flights of eloquence, he often carried the whole congregation HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 141 away as with a flood.” While not a native of Peters¬ burg, part of his young manhood was spent in this locality. PHILIP SANDS—1797 (i/ 2 year)-1798 Received in 1792. Located 1799. STITH MEAD—1798 Received in 1792. Located in 1816. In 1804 he was preaching with great success in Bedford, Amherst and Campbell counties, bringing “more than eleven hundred souls into gospel liberty in about six months.” He undertook in 1808 to give the consolation of religion to the unfortunates in the Virginia Penitentiary and in a few months 48 of the prisoners were formed into a “Society.” This is the only record of the entire membership of a Methodist Society being confined at one time in a penitentiary. It was a most remarkable work. The Society pre¬ sented an address, signed by their “Leader,” to the Virginia Conference of 1809, which is one of the most wonderful documents ever written, and done in a re¬ markable way. There is no more beautiful testimonial recorded anywhere than this expression from these “convicts” of their love and admiration for Stith Mead. If he had done nothing else in the world, this one work should have placed him with the immortals. He was born in Bedford county, Virginia, in 1767, the son of Col. Wm. Mead, who was a farmer of con¬ siderable means and had served with distinction in the Revolutionary War. His family moved to Georgia, but on a return visit to Virginia in 1789 he was con¬ verted at Bedford and joined the ministry. He preached throughout Virginia for seven years, and was then transferred to Georgia, but later in life came back to Virginia. He wrote voluminously and gave much information concerning the work of the church. 142 THE STORY OF A CHURCH “Without being a great, he was always a successful preacher. Methodism has had few laborers more faith¬ ful and efficient than Stith Mead.” In 1797 he led a wonderful revival in Gloucester and Mathews counties in Virginia—540 added to the Methodist Church besides those to other denomina¬ tions. Founder of Methodism in Lynchburg. JOHN EVANS—1798 Received in 1798. Located in 1801. PEMBROKE (PEMBERTON) SMITH—1799 Received in 1798. Located in 1802. One list gives “Pemberton,” and Bangs gives “Pem¬ broke.” Lee gives “Pern Smith.” At the Conference in 1800 it was reported “Pember¬ ton Smith labors under difficulties, but is willing to travel another year.” JOHN MOORE—1799 Received in 1799. Located in 1805. JOSEPH HILL—1800 Received in 1797. Located 1801. JOHN COX—1800 Received in 1800. Located 1806. A member of the General Conference of 1804 held in Baltimore from the Virginia Conference. WILLIAM ORMOND—1801 Received in 1791. Died 1803. He was a native of North Carolina and died in Brunswick county, Va., of yellow fever, which he was thought to have taken in Norfolk. “He was a good HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 143 preacher and very useful.” At the Conference of 1800 it was reported “Wm. Ormond had obliged himself by promise to travel only six months.” Put on a com¬ mittee at Conference of 1803 to prepare a remon¬ strance and petition relative to slavery. This question was agitating the Church almost from the beginning, and finally resulted in causing the final breach. “He was quick in body and in mind, but was affec¬ tionate, fervent and faithful; he was gracious and giftful, a good man and a good preacher. He had a high sense of the rights of men, of Christians and of Christian ministers, but was open to information when candidly and mildly addressed.” Somehow this pen picture of one of the early preach¬ ers lingers in our minds. We know that he met many kindred spirits in this brave old town. DAVID M. HUME—1801 Bangs does not give this name at all. Lee says he was received in 1801 and died in 1802. He was a probationer and never admitted into full connection. Virginia Conference, 1801, reports his admission. NATHANIEL WALKER—1802 Received in 1797. Located 1805. BANK M. BURROUGH—1802 Bangs does not give this name at all. Lee puts him in list of probationers. Does not show that he was ever admitted in full connection. Virginia Conference of 1801 reports his admission on trial. JOHN BUXTON—1803 Received in 1791. Located 1814. Member of General Conference of 1804 held in Bal¬ timore from the Virginia Conference. Member of 144 THE STORY OF A CHURCH General Conference of 1812 held in New York from the Virginia Conference. “He was a little dictatorial in his official bearing; he had a fine voice, was an excellent singer and elo¬ quent and fervent in prayer. His sermons were some¬ times deficient in point, and he did not always observe the rule “not to preach too long or too loud. But for his long, disinterested and faithful labors his name should be remembered.” At the Virginia Conference in 1811 he was appointed one of a committee of three to prepare rules to regu¬ late the Conference. WILLIAM WRIGHT, JR.—1803 Received in 1803. Located 1807. Probably the son of Wm. Wright, who died in 1784* PETERSBURG (STATION)—1804 TO 1814 Jesse Lee —1804 Received 1782. Died 1816. “Who led the way into New England and laid the foundation for that work of God there, which has since reared itself in beauty and glory.” Member of General Conference from Virginia in 1812. Jesse Lee was the son of Nathaniel and Elizabeth Lee, of Prince George county, Virginia. He was born in 1758. His family were parishioners of Devereaux Jarratt, but united with the Methodist Societies, and Jesse was probably converted by the preaching of Rob¬ ert Williams. His father was most active as a Meth¬ odist in Petersburg and was one of the active movers in the building of the new Methodist Church on Market Street in 1788. He was drafted into the militia during the Revolu¬ tion, but refused to fight for fear he would violate the command, “Thou shalt not kill.” He was put in HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 145 command of a baggage wagon and allowed to act as chaplain. He did a great work at this time. First served in North Carolina and South Carolina, then to Maryland and New Jersey and New York, and finally found himself in New England, which was to be the theatre of his great work. He was the pioneer in the land of the Pilgrims and he spent eight years of his life in the wonderful work. When he was with¬ drawn in 1797 to travel with Asbury, he left in New England nearly forty traveling preachers and three thousand members. For several years he traveled with Asbury and formed acquaintances throughout the entire field of the Church. Such was the confidence of the preachers in him that at the General Conference in 1800 he was defeated for Bishop by Whatcoat by only four votes. After this he came back home—to the Virginia Con¬ ference—where he filled several stations as a pastor and presiding elder. He was elected chaplain to the House of Representatives for several successive years and was most popular and revered among the membership. Jesse Lee was a native of Petersburg, and as such the city is proud of him and of his work. He was a very large man, with fair skin and gray eyes, and possessed much geniality and affability. His wit was sharp and keen, but it was always good-natured. As a preacher he had no equal in the Virginia Conference and few equals in the Methodist ministry. “His preach¬ ing was plain, practical, experimental,” and “but few men that I have heard ever preached more fully under the influence of the Holy Spirit,” says a contemporary. He was an animated speaker, and preached with eloquence and power. His style as a writer is not very polished, but it is interesting, and his “Short History of the Methodists” is still a text-book of the happenings of those early days in Methodism. 146 THE STORY OF A CHURCH JOHN POTTS—1805-1806 Received in 1796. Located in 1809. Member of General Conference in Baltimore, 1804, from the Baltimore Conference. The next year he came to Virginia. Delegate from Philadelphia Conference to General Conference in 1832 (or another by same name). He was a member of the Board of Stewards of Market Street Church and resigned from that body to enter the ministry. Probably born in Petersburg, and he was one of the most faithful workers in the early days of the nineteenth century. WILLIAM HUBBARD—1807 Received in 1801. Located 1809. It was reported in the minutes of this Conference, 1801, that “objections were brought against him on account of his not having exercised his gifts and being in debt,” but he was admitted by a small majority. The Methodist Church has always insisted on carefulness in money matters, much to their credit. It is sup¬ posed that after this Brother Hubbard became more careful. ERASMUS HILL—1808 Received in 1805. Located 1810. PLEASANT THURMAN—1809 Received in 1806. Located 1812. BENJAMIN DEVANEY—1810 Received in 1806. Located 1812. Wrote accounts of the work in Virginia and they evidence a good literary style. He was born in North Carolina in 1788. He was in the ministry for more than 60 years. “His spirit is fresh and strong, his HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 147 piety pure and fervent, and his genial manners make him a favorite in every circle.” Delegate to General Conference in 1824 from the Virginia Conference. This shows he returned to the ministry. THOMAS ANDERSON—1811 Received in 1808. Located 1812. JOHN ANDERSON—1812 Received in 1808. Located 1815. Not mentioned in Lee’s list at all. THOMAS COOPER—1813 Received in 1809. Located 1816. PETERSBURG AND AMELIA CIRCUIT (1814 TO 1815) MINTON THRIFT—1814 Received in 1812. Located 1819. He was a delegate from the Virginia Conference of 1816 to the General Conference. After leaving the active ministry, he settled in Pe¬ tersburg and “filled in” for the local churches. He conducted a private school on Halifax Street, near Sycamore, on the site of what is now Oak Street Church (colored). It is not known that he was born in Petersburg, but he loved the city and its associa¬ tions, and at one time projected a History of Peters¬ burg, but it was never completed. He lived in an old house on the northeast corner of Franklin and Syca¬ more Streets. CALEB N. BELL—1814 Received in 1809. Located 1815. One list gives “Ball” and Bangs gives “Bell.” 148 THE STORY OF A CHURCH HENRY ROBINSON—1814 Received in 1813. Located 1816. PETERSBURG (STATION)—1815 TO 1923 Thomas Moore —1815 Received in 1809. Located 1819. MATTHEW M. DANCE—1816 Received in 1812. Located 1833. He was a delegate to the General Conference from the Virginia Conference in 1816. He was a delegate to the General Conference from the Virginia Confer¬ ence in 1820. Secretary of Virginia Conference, 1816-1821. WILLIAM COMPTON—1817 Received in 1809. Located 1826. He was a delegate to the General Conference from the Virginia Conference in 1820, and a delegate to the General Conference of 1824. A member of a committee appointed at Conference of 1825 to “report the best method of establishing a seminary of learning.” The outcome was Randolph- Macon College. William Compton was born in England in 1790, the son of Robert Compton, an Episcopal clergyman. He received his education in English schools, and after coming to America and joining the Methodist min¬ istry, his learning was recognized, as is shown by the appointments he received at the hands of his brethren. He married while in Petersburg, and there were six children of this union. Three of them were Meth¬ odist ministers, the late Robert A. Compton, of the Virginia Conference, being the youngest. HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 149 FLETCHER HARRIS-1818 Received in 1813. Died 1818. He was an able and eloquent preacher, the son of George Fletcher Harris, of the Caswell Circuit, North Carolina, one of the old standbys in Methodist. ‘‘He drew large crowds after him whenever he preached; but his brilliant sun soon went down in death.” “He was amiable, dignified, of more than ordinary piety, eloquent and convincing in the pulpit; as a pastor, he was humble, faithful and diligent. These qualities greatly endeared him to the church and the community. The old house of worship became too small to hold the crowds that flocked to hear him. A proposition for the erection of a new church met with general favor. The old one was sold, liberal contributions were made, a lot w T as bought on Union Street, and before the middle of the war the foundation of a new building was laid. In the midst of his usefulness he was stricken down by a fatal illness.” A more complete account of his work is shown in the detailed account of the church in the preceding pages. JAMES M’ADEN—1819 Received in 1814. Located 1829. Delegate from Virginia Conference to General Con¬ ference in 1836. HENRY HARDY—1820 Received in 1809. Located 1821. GEORGE M. ANDERSON—1821 Received in 1818. Died 1833. Put on a committee at Conference of 1825 to report on the best method of establishing an educational in¬ stitution. 150 THE STORY OF A CHURCH HEZEKIAH GILBERT LEIGH—1822-1823 Received 1818. Died in 1853. Delegate to General Conference in 1824 and 1832 from Virginia Conference. Hezekiah Gilbert Leigh, son of Richard Leigh and Charlotte Spruill, was born in North Carolina, No¬ vember 23, 1795. An honorable career might have been his at the bar, in medicine, or in the halls of legislation. For the first and last named he was pre-eminently fitted. His splendid physique and his mental and spiritual endowments brought him into prominence, and so well did he meet the responsibilities of his position in all places where he became known that he was held up by the laity as a model for his successors. In 1820 and 1823 Rev. Hezekiah G. Leigh was pas¬ tor of the church on Union Street. During his pas¬ torate with this church a great revival of religion was held by the Methodist and Presbyterian churches in Petersburg jointly, as a result of which 200 persons joined the Methodist Church and about 100 the Pres¬ byterian Church. To Dr. Leigh more than any other, perhaps all others, is the church indebted for the existence of Randolph-Macon College, with the stream of benefi¬ cent influences it has been pouring into her church life since it was founded. Dr. Leigh was its first pro¬ moter, as he was its most influential and lifelong ad¬ vocate. He was the first agent for that institution appointed by the Conference, and for years he labored for its endowment with signal success. “He had the form, the face, the eye, the voice of an orator. At the first glance you would say, ‘He is a man of power.’ He could argue with force, but his peculiar power lay in description. No man in his day could excel him in word-painting. Perhaps no man ever left a deeper impression on the hearts of the peo- HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 151 pie among whom he labored. He was not simply an eloquent preacher; he was a wise, skilful, practical workman in the vineyard.” He died in his fifty-eighth year, worn out from his work for God’s house, and the glory of His name. He was the father of Dr. H. G. Leigh, Sr., a steward of Washington Street Church for many years, and the grandfather of Mrs. J. W. Hays, one of its most valued members at the present time. GEORGE W. CHARLTON—1824-1825 Received in 1818. Located 1828. Supply to Petersburg in 1855-1856-1857. “He was a preacher of unusual eloquence and power. He was eminently successful in winning souls to Christ.” In 1821-2 stationed in Lynchburg and under his preaching there was a powerful revival. Added to the “College Committee” in 1826. He died in Petersburg and is buried in Blandford Cemetery. WILLIAM HAMETT—1826 Received in 1823. Located 1833. Delegate from Virginia Conference to General Con¬ ference in Philadelphia in 1832. Transferred from Tennessee to the Virginia Conference. He was a na¬ tive of Ireland, and came over when he was a boy. “Nature had made him an orator—she lavished her gifts upon him. With but little mental training, he rose rapidly to a high position as a preacher. Per¬ haps no man better understood the art of pleasing his hearers, and yet, when the occasion demanded, no man could excel him in cutting rebuke and withering sar¬ casm. Ten years of eminently successful service he gave to the work in Virginia. He planned and built 152 THE STORY OF A CHURCH churches, conducted revivals, and begged money for every good work with untiring energy and mental success.” He then located and afterwards served as chaplain at University of Virginia and to the United States Congress. Then he studied medicine and went to Mis¬ sissippi, where he married a woman of position and fortune. Going into politics he was elected to Con¬ gress and served one term. The remainder of his life was spent on his estate, where he dispensed a generous hospitality, never forgetting to extend a hearty wel¬ come to Methodist preachers. WILLIAM A. SMITH—1827-1829-1841-1842 Received in 1825. Died in 1870. Bishop Granbery said of him: “Dr. Smith was born in Fredericksburg, Virginia, in 1802, and died in Richmond in March, 1870. He was one of the great men of Southern Methodism, a leader in our Conference, and on the floor of the Gen¬ eral Conference from 1832 to 1844. He was a great debater. In the polemic battle in the General Confer¬ ence of 1844, which resulted in the division of the church, he won a reputation wide as the United States, and inferior to that of no minister in any denomina¬ tion, for the highest deliberative and forensic elo¬ quence. He was a member of the Louisville Convention in 1845, which organized the M. E. Church, South, and of all the General Conferences of this Church to the day of his death. He commanded universal respect and confidence among his brethren by the sincerity of his zeal, and the power of his reasoning.” He was president of Randolph-Macon College for twenty years. The body of Dr. Smith rests in beautiful Hollywood, Richmond. Over the grave is a monument erected by HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 153 order of the Conference and the donations of those who loved him. WILLIAM J. WALLER—1828 Received in 1825. Located in 1844. After filling several appointments, including Peters¬ burg for one year, 1828-29, he located in 1832. In 1836 he resumed active connection and served churches in Richmond, Norfolk, and Portsmouth during the next years. He again located in 1844 and disappears from the minutes of the Virginia Conference. The only other reference is a pencil memorandum that includes him among the men of that day who were still living in 1851. Bennett gives his name as Wm. I. Waller and speaks of a revival in Eastern Virginia, where he preached “with his usual zeal and success.” BENNETT T. BLAKE—1830 Received in 1824. Located in 1838. J. W. Bradbury’s notes say Minton Thrift. Delegate from Virginia Conference to General Con¬ ference in Philadelphia in 1832. He served charges in North Carolina and Virginia and in 1834 became a supernumerary and was so carried in the minutes till 1838 when his name disappears. A pencil memoran¬ dum includes him in a list of those still living in 1851. DAVID S. DOGGETT—1831-1835-1848-1849 Received in 1829. Died in 1880. He was born in Lancaster county, Va., January 23, 1810. From 1841 to 1845 he was a professor at Ran- dolph-Macon College, then in Boydton. For eight years during the decade of the fifties he was editor of the Quarterly Review, serving churches in Richmond, Nor¬ folk, and Washington during the same period. He was 154 THE STORY OF A CHURCH presiding elder of the Richmond District, 1857-61, pas¬ tor of Broad Street, 1861-63, pastor of Centenary, 1863-66. He was several times a member of the General Conference and was elected Bishop in 1866 in New Orleans. He died in Richmond, October 27, 1880, and is buried in Hollywood. DAVID WOOD—1832 Received in 1829. Died in 1851. He was born in Louisa county, Va., February 2, 1808. In 1846 he superannuated, but served the sta¬ tion at Charlottesville part of the year and was chap¬ lain of the University of Virginia a half session. He also took some work during the next two years, but was then inactive, his death occurring at Port Re¬ public, Va. HENRY B. COWLES—1833-1836-1845 Received in 1831. Died in 1874. Stewards’ Record says he served in 1846 also. He was born in Fauquier county, Va., November 2, 1803. His parents moved later to Tennessee, but he returned to Virginia in 1830, and was that year li¬ censed to preach. He quickly acquired prominence in the Conference. Much of his active ministry was spent in the larger cities of the state and in the pre¬ siding eldership. From 1854 to 1861 he was financial agent for Randolph-Macon College. Associated with the president, Dr. William A. Smith, he was active in the effort to raise an endowment of one hundred thousand dollars for the college, and this amount was successfully raised in cash and subscriptions during his incumbency. Unfortunately the war which im¬ mediately followed wiped it out. At the time, how¬ ever, it was perhaps the largest endowment that had HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 155 been raised for any college in the South by popular subscription. Member of General Conferences of 1846, 1854 and 1862 (which was not held on account of the war). He was presiding elder of the Petersburg District, 1850-54, and again in 1862-66 he served the district. The last eight years of his ministry were in the pre¬ siding eldership on the Murfreesboro and Lynchburg Districts. He died November 28, 1874, at the home of his son-in-law, Judge E. M. Mann, Petersburg. ABRAHAM PENN—1834 Received in 1828. Died in 1849. Abraham Penn (or Abram, as it appears in some of the records) was born in Patrick county, Va., March 16, 1803; he studied at the University of North Caro¬ lina. He entered upon the study of medicine, but the death of his wife changed his plans. He was a member of the General Conference of 1836, of the Louisville Convention (the separation convention in 1845), and of the first general conference of the Southern Church in Petersburg in 1846. The last twelve years of his ministry were in the presiding eldership, the years 1840-44 being on the Petersburg District. “He was eminently successful as a preacher and en¬ joyed a popularity almost unbounded. His talents were not of the highest order, yet he possessed a clear, vigorous and comprehensive mind, well stored with valuable information. With a graceful diction, rich imagination and great zeal and earnestness of manner he took a high position among the ministers of the Church. He was a devoted son of Methodism, an un¬ flinching advocate of her doctrines and rights, of her polity and discipline. The leading feature of his char¬ acter was a dauntless, straightforward honesty that needed no disguise for itself, and was impatient of dissimulation and disguise in other men.” 156 THE STORY OF A CHURCH Another preacher of a type that would appeal to the membership of old Washington Street Church. THOMAS CROWDER, JR.— 1837-1838 Received in 1821. Died in 1852. He was born in North Carolina in 1797, and for a while practiced law, but gave up his profession. He preached for more than 30 years. “As a pastor he was excelled by none; as a discipli¬ narian he was strict but kind. In his preaching he was close, searching and practical. Without being eloquent in the ordinary sense, his sermons were usu¬ ally attended by such an unction of the Holy Ghost and were delivered with such fervor as to give them a direct path to the hearts of his hearers. He was a man of great purity of heart; his all was consecrated to the service of Christ.” He was a delegate to General Conference in Cincin¬ nati in 1836, and to the General Conference in Balti¬ more in 1840 from Virginia. GEORGE MAHOOD (SUP.)—1838-1839 Received in 1828. Died 1839. George Mahood, eldest son of Alexander and Jane Mahood, was born in Loughbrickland, County Down, Ireland, November 21, 1798. He came to Virginia about 1818 and engaged in mission work among the IndiansHn Virginia and Ohio. He married Miss Elizabeth Mills, daughter of Ephraim and Jane Ellis, of Petersburg, Virginia, July 12, 1821. He was admitted to the Virginia Conference in 1827 or 1828. He died November 22, 1839, at the Anderson Semi¬ nary, Petersburg, Virginia, and was buried in Bland- ford Cemetery, Petersburg, Virginia. HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 157 It is thought that George Mahood joined Washing¬ ton Street Church shortly after his coming to Amer¬ ica ; we do not know whether he was pastor of this church or not, but the Conference Annuals should show. The minutes of the Annual Conference of the Meth¬ odist Church for the years 1829 and 1830 show that for these years he filled charges in Mecklenburg and in Sussex, respectively. These are the only minutes in our possession of the period covered by his min¬ istry. ANTHONY DIBRELL—1839-1840-1852-1853 Received in 1830. Died 1855. He was born in Buckingham county, Va., August 19, 1805, studied at the University of North Carolina, studied law at Staunton, Va., and practiced in Lynch¬ burg for about twelve months. He was converted under the Rev. William A. Smith, and served important charges and was in eldership for two short terms. He was a member of the Louisville Convention and of the General Conferences of 1846, 1850 and 1854. His last appointment was to Granby Street, Norfolk, a charge especially trying for him at that time, and he died there of yellow fever. JAMES D. COULLING—1840 Received in 1836. Died 1866. Probably son of James Coulling, who had charge of the first Methodist Church in Richmond. Secretary of Virginia Conference, 1850-1859. He was born in Richmond, Va., May 20, 1812. He served as presiding elder of the Norfolk, Charlottes¬ ville and Richmond Districts. He served High Street, Petersburg, 1855-57. In 1865 he was elected presi¬ dent of Wesleyan Female College, going to that office 158 THE STORY OF A CHURCH from the presiding eldership of the Richmond District, which he had occupied during practically the entire period of the war. BLASINGAME H. JOHNSON—1841 Received in 1838. Died 1872. He was born in Charlotte county, Va., in 1811. In the memoir read at the Conference of 1872 it is said: “For thirty-four successive years he was ac¬ tively, industriously and successfully engaged in the duties of a preacher of the gospel—filling the position of pastor, agent, and presiding elder with acceptability and efficiency.” His experience as a presiding elder was on the Char¬ lottesville District, and the agency was for the Mur¬ freesboro Female College (N. C.) “In person he was five feet six inches high, and rather inclined to be fleshy; so florid in complexion as to be sometimes joked about his ‘topaz nose/ which was somewhat roman in shape/’ JOSEPH CARSON—1842-1843 Received in 1805. Located in 1812. This is the only Joseph Carson given by Bangs in his list. Possibly Joseph Carson returned to ministry in later years as a help to W. A. Smith and Edward Wads¬ worth. He was born in Winchester, Virginia, in 1785. He was originally admitted to the Baltimore Conference, but for a long time identified with the Virginia Con¬ ference He was first sent to Pennsylvania, where in the first year he had over 600 converts. “Perhaps no man now living has seen more of the wonderful works of God in the fields of Methodism than he; and but few have been more highly honored of Christ as a suc¬ cessful preacher. Thousands of souls have been HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 159 brought to God through his instrumentality; happy multitudes await his coming to the heavenly Canaan, who will hail him as their spiritual father.” He was then sent to Western Virginia, where he spent most of his life. In 1845-46 his appointment as “Petersburg, colored congregation.” He served twelve years in the pre¬ siding eldership, not consecutively. He was superan¬ nuated in 1867, and died in Culpeper April 15, 1875, at the age of ninety. EDWARD L. WADSWORTH—1843-1844 Received in 1832. Died 1883. He was born at New Berne, N. C., August 28, 1811. For a time he was both a student of Randolph-Macon College and its chaplain. He was made an A. B. in 1841 and an A. M. in 1844. In 1847 Randolph-Macon and Emory and Henry simultaneously conferred on him the D. D. In 1846 he was elected president of LaGrange College, succeeding Bishop Paine, and was transferred to the Tennessee Conference. After six years as president he was made pastor of McKendree Church, Nashville, which he served, 1852-53. He then became professor of English in Nashville University and chairman of the faculty. After two years in this position he was transferred to the Alabama Conference and served two years at Greensboro and two at Selma. He was elected professor of moral philosophy in the new Southern University at Greensboro, and was in that chair from the opening of the college in 1859 until 1870, when he returned to the pastorate. He served four years at Montgomery, four years at Franklin Street, Mobile, and was serving his second year as presiding elder of the Mobile District when paralyzed. 160 THE STORY OF A CHURCH WASHINGTON STREET—1845 to 1848 George W. Langhorne —1846-1847-1854-1855 Received in 1830. Died 1876. Stewards’ record gives H. B. Cowles in 1846. George Washington Langhorne was the son of Mau¬ rice and Patsy Holladay Langhorne and was born on November 27, 1808. He married Miss Elizabeth Watters Moore, of Pitts- borough, Chatham county, North Carolina, on January 29, 1835. He died at the residence of his son-in-law, Stephen Putney, Richmond, Va. He was about five feet seven or eight inches, His hair was dark. He never rode a circuit but one year. Was considered the orator of the Virginia Conference. He was one of the most beloved men in the connection. WASHINGTON STREET AND UNION STREET- 1848 to 1849 D. S. Doggett —1848 Stewards’ records gives G. W. Langhorne in 1848. WASHINGTON STREET—1849 to 1850 D. S. Doggett WASHINGTON STREET AND WESLEY CHAPEL, 1850 to 1854 Nelson Head —1850-1851 Received in 1834. Died 1902. He was born in Leesburg, Va., February 3, 1811. He was admitted to the Baltimore Conference in 1834. In 1838 he transferred to the Virginia Conference, but HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 161 went back to the Baltimore Conference after two years. When the separation came he adhered to the Southern Church and became a member of the Vir¬ ginia Conference. He occupied stations fn Virginia cities except for two years at Farmville and four years on the Farmville District. In 1868, at the completion of a second pastorate at Centenary, Richmond, he was transferred to the Baltimore Conference, serving till that conference met, as agent of Randolph-Macon Col¬ lege. For eighteen years he was in the active work, four years of that time on the Washington District and four years on the Winchester District. He died at Leesburg, at the age of ninety-one. He was a dele¬ gate to the General Conference of 1886. JOHN E. EDWARDS—1856-1857 Received in 1835. Died 1886. Served in Petersburg 1856 and 1857. Market Street Church established by him. Trinity, Centenary and Park Place in Richmond were either built or com¬ pleted under his pastorate; also Mt. Vernon in Dan¬ ville. He was born in North Carolina in 1814. He spent 51 years in the pastorate, mostly in the larger cities of Virginia. Delegate to every General Conference from 1858. Received his education at Randolph- Macon College. “Dr. Edwards bears a body of the build of John Wesley, with like toughness in fibre and elasticity in nerve. He was one of the first preachers of his day who dared to wear a swallow tail coat. In preparation he used the pen, writing some ser¬ mons to the last letter. He never memorizes. He is usually felicitous in off hand speeches at banquets, or on the floor of Conferences. His utterance is very rapid. His voice has the piping key of John Ran¬ dolph, vibratory and arrowy, with the motion and swiftness of the swallow. There is something in it 162 THE STORY OF A CHURCH like the metallic note from the string of finest wire in the harp, softened by the dulcet breathings of the flageolet. His record as a model pastor is widely known. His personal intercourse enlists troops of friends, for he has great adaptability—the right word in the right place. His inimitable stories have peculiar attraction for a general company.” He was a popular preacher, but was probably a bet¬ ter writer than speaker. He was the author of “Travels in Europe,” “The Confederate Soldier,” the “Log Meeting House” and many other pamphlets and works, as well as contributor to church periodicals. A man of great constructive energy and persuasive¬ ness, he aroused enthusiasm in church work. His per¬ sonality was most attractive and his work highly suc¬ cessful. ROBERT MICHAELS—1858-1859 Received in 1836. Died 1883. He was born in Virginia in 1812, of German descent. Lafferty says of him: “He expounds clearly and with unction, rising at times to thrilling and mastering eloquence. There has never been a trace of ambition in his career. He followed the injunction: In honor preferring one another. His Conference made him a representative to the General Conference. The Bishops used him in cities, on districts, in circuits. He is en¬ shrined in the affection of his brethren.” JOHN B. LAURENS (Supply)—1859-1860 Supply to Robt. Michaels, 1859. Supply to Chas. H. Hall, 1860. Supply to Chas. C. Pearson, 1865. Supply to Chas. C. Pearson, 1870-1871. He was an itinerant minister for many years. His health was such that he had to retire from the active HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 163 field and he assisted in the publication of the “Advo¬ cate.” He started the organization of the “Rosebuds,” which was mainly conducted under the name of “Uncle Larry” from the “Advocate.” CHARLES H. HALL—1860-1861, 1868-1869, 1870-1871 Received in 1853. Died 1872. He was born in Fayetteville, North Carolina, April 18, 1831, and was converted in his thirteenth year and joined the Methodist Episcopal Church. He became a student of Randolph-Macon College and graduated with high distinction in 1853. At the session of the Conference held in Danville he asked for and was granted a certificate of location. In a short time after his location he was called to Trinity Independent Methodist Church, Baltimore, Md., where he remained three years and contributed much to bringing that church into Southern Meth¬ odism. At the close of his third year at Trinity he resigned and again entered the Virginia Conference and was stationed for the second time at Washington Street Church, Petersburg, Virginia, 1868. In the latter city and as pastor of the same church to which he had before ministered he spent the last four years of his life. “His charge was the largest per¬ haps of any in the city (to quote from one of the news¬ papers at that time). To its development he gave a measure of zeal rarely equaled and perhaps never sur¬ passed. From the beginning of his last entrance upon his field to the close of his labors, he displayed such an ever increasing measure of intellectual force in his pulpit ministrations as to arrest the attention and ex¬ cite the interest of the whole community. Rarely has it fallen to the fortunes of any minister in the same 164 THE STORY OF A CHURCH space of time to gather to himself such universal ad¬ miration, esteem and affection as Charles H. Hall en¬ joyed from the citizens of Petersburg. Nature had endowed him with rare gifts and such was the fidelity with which he had improved them and the refining power of Divine grace upon them that he rapidly rose to distinction and took position by public suffrage as well as that of h's own church, among the ablest minis¬ ters of our State. He was a most diligent and faithful pastor, a con¬ stant student, a hard self sacrificing worker. Men would say—he was the most powerful preacher they had ever heard. His sermons were marked by a depth and independence of thought, by such varied research, by such simplicity and earnestness of manner, by such a chaste and forceful style and by such unction and persuasiveness as to attract to his ministry all classes and elicit from them the highest commendation. In his social intercourse he displayed such urbanity, gentle dignity, broad charity, and earnestness of spirit, as to win and retain, not simply the administration, but the warmest affections of his people. Such in a word was the influence of his character among all classes that “none named him but to praise.” He was recognized as a man of God, of one purpose, of one work, the friend of the poor and the people’s ser¬ vant for Christ’s sake. A few minutes before dying he left the following messages which are given as nearly as possible in his own language. First to the churches—“The Lord bless my church and bless Market Street and High Street Churches and give them the spirit of unity, and bless all the churches and make them a mighty power in His cause through the blessed Savior. Second, to the Con¬ ference—“The Lord bless and keep them, be gracious to them, and strengthen their hands for His work and HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 165 crown them with His favor and bring them to His rest through the blessed Savior.” His funeral services were conducted in his Church by Bishop D. S. Dogget—and were attended by nearly two thousand people all classes uniting to testify their sense of the loss society at large as well as his own church had sustained by his death. WM. H. WHEELWRIGHT—1862-1863 Received in-. Died 1879. He was born in Westmoreland county, Va., in 1824. He was noted for his courage, energy, sincerity and frankness. When the War Between the States began, he entered the Confederate army and attained the rank of major, Twenty-sixth Regiment, Virginia Vol¬ unteers. Being a graduate of V. M. I., he was selected as an officer. Later, when the officers were elected, he resigned his appointment and re-entered the minis¬ try as pastor of Washington Street Church. At the end of his term, he re-entered the army as chaplain of the Ninth Virginia Cavalry, continuing in this ser¬ vice until the end of the war. After the conflict, he continued as a preacher and teacher, in Warren county, Va., until his health broke down from his labors. THOMAS H. EARLY (Supply), 1862-1863 Received in 1857. Located in 1866. He w T as a son of Bishop John Early, and.descended from Virginia Colonial stock. Having received a splen¬ did education at Randolph-Macon College and Tran¬ sylvania University, he first began the practice of law and then went into the ministry. He contracted throat trouble due to his labors in Confederate hospitals and was forced to retire, taking up his residence in Lynch¬ burg. He died in 1904. “Highly intellectual and gifted 166 THE STORY OF A CHURCH beyond the common run of men, and having the ca¬ pacity to reap rich temporal rewards, Mr. Early’s life is best summed up in the statement that it was one of lifelong devotion to the service of others.” CHARLES C. PEARSON—1864-1865. Received in 1853. Located in 1870. After serving a number of city charges, the last of which was Danville, 1868-70, his name disappears en¬ tirely from the Virginia Conference roll and the min¬ utes of that year seem silent on the subject. It is reported that he joined the Episcopal Church. JAMES A. DUNCAN—1866-1867 Received in 1849. Died 1877. Dr. Duncan was born in Norfolk, Va., in 1830, and died in Ashland, Va., in the forty-seventh year of his age. He graduated in 1852 at Randolph-Macon Col¬ lege, Boydton, Va., taking his A. M. degree, and was received into the ministry. After several years of service in the northern parts of Virginia, he was sent to Trinity Church in Richmond in 1857. From that time he became one of the leading preachers in the Virginia Conference. He became noted as one of the foremost pulpit orators of the South. Then under his direction Broad Street Church was built and he was its pastor, with the exception of two years, from 1861 until 1866. “All this time his influence widened and deepened. He was a power in the city when Richmond became the capital of the Confederate States, and was crowded with representatives from all parts of the South, his faithful, spiritual, eloquent preaching en¬ tranced, edified, encouraged and impressed with a saving efficacy an untold multitude whose number eternity must reveal. No man in our day has accom¬ plished more for Methodism or for the cause of Christ in the capital of Virginia than James A. Duncan.” HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 167 Another writer says: “During these wonderful years, Dr. Duncan reached the highest pitch of his trans¬ cendent power and multitudes came to hear him. Jef¬ ferson Davis, the honored President of the Confed¬ eracy, though an Episcopalian, was a frequent visitor at Broad Street Church, as was also General Robert E. Lee and other noted men of that time, both in civic and military life” For several years (1860 to 1866) he edited the Richmond Christian Advocate with great success. Then he came to Washington Street Church, which he served for two years. Some of the older men of the church still tell of his wonderful eloquence and of his personal charm. While pastor of this church he was elected presi¬ dent of Randolph-Macon College, which had been moved from Bovdton to Ashland, Va. Such was his influence and popularity that he carried the old col¬ lege successfully through this critical period and gave it a standing among the foremost colleges of the land. Bishop Granbery said of him: “He had every physi¬ cal advantage—grace of attitude and gesture, a voice which everybody likened in sweetness, richness and compass to the organ, and, we must add, to the organ when struck by a master musician, for he had his voice under perfect command, and moderated it to con¬ vey the fullest variety of pure and worthy sentiment; a countenance on which one loved to gaze, handsome in repose, lovely when lit up by the noble thoughts and feelings of his great soul. He had every intellectual and moral advantage; a ready flow of happy diction, which seemed perfectly spontaneous, and yet exactly suited the thought; a playful humor, and, when needed, keenness of wit and satire which added zest to his serious speech, but detracted not from its weight; a quick insight into the heart of a subject, judgment re¬ markably sound, the logical spirit without slavery to 168 THE STORY OF A CHURCH logical forms, and an imagination which could sport like a butterfly amid flowers, or soar like an eagle beyond the clouds; sensibility delicate, deep, strong— acute sympathy with his fellow-man; a response in his feelings to everything true, pure, generous and grand. THOMAS S. CAMPBELL, Supply To Jas. A. Duncan in 1867. To Chas. H. Hall in 1868 and 1869. WILLIAM W. DUNCAN—1872-1873-1874-1875 Received in 1859. Died 1908. William Wallace Duncan, born December 20, 1839, at Randolph-Macon College, Mecklenburg county, Va., was the third son of Professor David Duncan, who was a graduate of the University of Scotland, and who came to this country from Ireland, his native home, in early youth. At the time of the birth of William Wallace, Professor Duncan was a member of the fac¬ ulty of Randolph-Macon College, where he served faithfully for many years, until 1854, when he ac¬ cepted the chair of Greek and Latin in Wofford Col¬ lege. The son, the subject of this sketch, came with him. His education had been started at Randolph- Macon and he entered the freshman class of Wofford as soon as the family reached Spartanburg. In 1858 he graduated from Wofford in the first class of young men that the grand old institution sent out into the world. Soon after his graduation he returned to his native state. He felt deeply that he was called to preach, so he received license and entered the Vir¬ ginia Conference in 1859. He was stationed in Lees¬ burg, Danville, Norfolk and Petersburg. At all these posts he met with unbounded success, preaching with increasing power and doing fine, systematic pastoral work. Elected to chair of mental and moral science in Wofford College in 1875 when he left Petersburg. HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 169 He was a Christian patriot, for when “wild war’s deadly blast was blown” he donned the gray and, bid¬ ding good-bye to his fair young bride, became a chap¬ lain in the Confederate army. He served with heroic devotion through the four long years of strife, speak¬ ing peace and comfort to many a dying soldier, and preaching inspiring sermons that cheered the worn veterans in gray in their hours of sorest need. He served both in Virginia and South Carolina. He was elected to the General Conferences of 1878, 1882 and 1886, being chairman of the delegation in the year last named. In 1881 he was one of the repre¬ sentatives of his church at the great Ecumenical Con¬ ference held in London, England, and there he served with distinguished ability. In 1886 he was elected Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, being the first of four then chosen. From the day of his election up to a short time ago he has been abundant in his Episcopal labors all over the Church, visiting all the home fields and the foreign conferences in Mexico and other places. He was easily the peer of his able colleagues, and his constant labors have been of immeasurable benefit to his church and to Christianity. “Throughout all this Southern land there will be those who will at this time think not so much of the great churchman and the educational leader as of the generous friend and helper. Bishop Duncan had that rare capacity of making friends with links of steel. He was so tender, so considerate to all who suffered or were bearing heavily the burdens of the world. Back of those arrows of sarcasm and lightning flashes of that keen wit of his was a heart as soft and as gentle as the heart of a mother. And many an humble preacher on remote circuits will join with all those 170 THE STORY OF A CHURCH who know from experience the quality of Bishop Dun¬ can’s friendship in the feeling that the world is now poorer for his having left it.” JOSEPH H. RIDDICK—1876-1877-1878-1879 Received in 1854. Died 1901. He was born in North Carolina, the son of Christian parents, who reared him “in the nurture and admo¬ nition of the Lord,” and whose Godly example and counsel led him to the Saviour “in the days of his youth.” He was always the conscious subject of deep religious impressions, which finally ripened into a clear and thorough conversion while a student of Randolph- Macon College. It was at this institution he was educated, called to the ministry, and first licensed to preach. He was supernumerary several years, and was employed most of that period as professor of mathematics and ancient languages at the Kittrell Springs Female College, then owned and conducted by his brother, Rev. C. B. Riddick. Both in the active and supernumerary relation to the Conference, one striking peculiarity has constantly characterized his ministry. Most gracious and power¬ ful revivals of religion, resulting in the conversion of very many sinners and the edification of the church, have attended his plain and earnest proclamation of the gospel of Christ, and a great multude, saved by his instrumentality, will rise to greet him in the resurrec¬ tion morning, and to bless him “in the bright forever.” JOHN D. BLACKWELL, D. D.—1880-1881-1882-1883 Received in 1846. Died 1887. He was a graduate of Dickinson College, and served as pastor and as presiding elder. Though frequently solicited to leave the active ministry and go into teach- HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 171 ing, he spent all his life in the active ministry. He was twice asked to become president of Randolph- Macon College. Dr. Blackwell inherited a rich dowry—character, sound mind and Methodism. God nournished his soul, and he himself has never allowed his natural parts to lie fallow. His religious proclivities have compounded in intensity. He has been a man of thought and books. He is, without controversy, if not the first, the equal of any as an expounder of the word of God. He has held all positions but the Bishopric. SAMUEL S. LAMBETH—1884-1885-1886 Received in 1857. He was born Feb. 1, 1838, a native of Richmond, Virginia. His gifts called him to the chief churches in the Virginia Conference. Says Lafferty: “Dr. Lambeth is endowed with rare and quick parts and excels in the versatility of his genius. His gift in public prayers is exceptional. The colleges call for him to address their graduates; his sermons are often gems, and the Con¬ ference conscripts him for service as a superior scribe. The pulpit, however, is the throne of his power. He prepares his discourses with assiduity and taste. They are delivered in voice tuneful, resonant and clear as silver bells smitten by mallet of velvet.” Dr. Lambeth was a most popular preacher, not only with the membership of the church, but in the com¬ munity as well. He was a good counsellor and his advice was sought by many outside of his own church. He took a great interest in the affairs of the com- munitv. i/ ROBERT NEWTON SLEDD—1887-1888 Received in 1857. Died 1899. Born in Powhatan County, Virginia in 1833. Con¬ verted at Randolph-Macon College, the year of his 172 THE STORY OF A CHURCH graduation 1855. He was Presiding Elder for two years and three years Editor of the Theological and Homiletical monthly. Member of three successive General Conferences. He was a forcible speaker, marshalling his facts with logical precision and at times with vigor, and his services were much sought by the more influential pastorates. He was splendidly educated and his ser¬ mons and writings show his superior literary training. He was tall and thin, not given to much talking and rather held himself aloof from general conversations. Without having the qualities that would make him popular his ability was recognized everywhere and it was a pleasure to a cultured audience, such as Wash¬ ington Street Church possessed, to hear his logically arranged and thoroughly clear and coherent sermons. WILLIAM E. EVANS—1889 Received in 1876. He was born July 11, 1851. He only served Wash¬ ington Street one year, but in that time he acquired great influence with the membership. He was popular in every Circuit. He was of moderate height and handsome features. His sermons were beautiful, but he was more of a teacher than an orator. He was taken ill while in Petersburg, and therefore did not come back the second year. Afterwards he joined the Episcopal church. ADAM C. BLEDSOE—1889-1891-1892-1893 Received in 1868. Died 1896. He was born in Virginia in 1839, the son of Meth¬ odist parents, and educated at a Methodist College. He was a large man with a voice of much richness and tenderness. He was popular as a preacher; also as a pastor, and served in the cities of Virginia. He HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 173 was a Chaplain in the Confederate Army during the war between the States. WM. G. STARR, D. D.—1894-1895-1903-1904-1905 Received in 1860. Dr. Starr should be listed along with the Rev. Chas. H. Hall, Dr. Lambeth and Wm. W. Duncan as being among the most popular preachers who ever served Washington Street Church. He was a thin, active, quick stepping, wiry and nervous man, of the average height, who bore himself as a man of independence and courage, both in and out of the pulpit, and his appearance did not belie his character. He was in¬ dependent in thought, bold in his expression, and en¬ ergetic in the execution of what he thought was right. As a preacher he was a most original talker, was dramatic in his utterances and gestures at times; in fact it was commonly reported that he had at one time studied for the stage. His voice was pleasant and piercing but very rapid; his phraseology was beautiful. He was welcomed everywhere in Petersburg in the homes and in the public meetings of the citizenry of the town. He preached to crowded houses and his audiences were always attentive, listening tensely that they might not lose the thread of his thought. He was a good pastor and active in his work. Very probably his chief characteristic was his loyalty to his friends and this brought around him men of the same type who felt great deprivation when he was taken away by the exigencies of the itinerant min¬ istry. Dr. Starr was born in 1840, and graduated at Ran- dolph-Macon College at the age of sixteen. He served through the War Between the States, first as chaplain, and then commanded a company.. Captain Starr was complimented on several occasions for his bravery. 174 THE STORY OF A CHURCH He was elected president of Randolph-Macon Col¬ lege in 1899, but resigned in 1902, and was reappointed to Petersburg, serving Washington Street for the next three years. Dr. Starr was one of the most accomplished preach¬ ers and teachers of his day and generation. He was a scholar, a gifted writer, a pulpit orator, a master of the English language, and an ideal pastor. WM. E. EDWARDS, D. D.—1896-1897 Received in 1862. Died 1903. He was the son of John E. Edwards, whom he re¬ sembled very much, although somewhat slighter in stature. His health was never very good, but he never let it interfere with his study or service. He was a Chaplain in the Confederate Army from 1863 to 1865. He held several successful revivals prior to his service at Washington Street Church, and was much beloved by the members of churches where he was stationed. He was a writer as well as speaker and both his writings and his speeches show ability, philosophy and imagination. He was elected to the chair of moral philosophy and Biblical literature in Randolph-Macon College in 1899. GEORGE W. WRAY—1898-1899 Received in 1877. He was born in 1853. He is a tall man, with a graceful carriage, and pleasant voice; there was noth¬ ing sensational about his preaching, but his discourses were well considered and well delivered. He made many friends, and the church held its own during his pastorate. HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 175 % BERNARD F. LIPSCOMB, D. D.-—1900-1901-1902 Received in 1876. He was born in 1851, a native of Richmond, Vir¬ ginia, and was educated in Virginia educational in¬ stitutions. Dr. Lipscomb is tall and well proportioned, of a grave and scholarly mien, not effusive in his man¬ ners, but easy and affable, and carries himself with much dignity. He is a man of solidity of thought and expression, and of fine executive ability. Wherever he served his churches have been well organized and started steadily in growth of members. With a genius for detail he has been for several years and is now Secretary of the Conference and seems to have at his finger tips all the details of the work of the or¬ ganization. His method of speaking is slow and deliberate and his sermons are logical and clear and delivered in a quiet, dignified manner with good voice. He is popular and highly regarded both in and out of the church. His term at Washington Street Church, Petersburg, was cut short after a little less than three years of service by his election as secretary-treasurer of Ran- dolph-Macon College. In November, 1903, he was ap¬ pointed presiding elder of the Petersburg District, which position he held for four years; six years later he returned to that district for another term of four years. Eleven years of his ministry have thus been closely associated with the “Cockade City,” where he and his family formed many warm friendships and to which they have ever since been strongly attached. 176 THE STORY OF A CHURCH JOHN B. WINN—1906-1907-1908-1909-1917-1918- 1919-1920-1921-1922 Received in 1891. Dr. Winn was born in 1871, in Nottoway county, Virginia. He was reared by his grandparents and entered Randolph-Macon College at the age of sixteen. His pastorates were very successful, and his churches always strive for his return. To those who know the man, this is not surprising. Few men in the ministry ever made more friends, or bound them more closely in the bonds of friendship. He is as generous in his loyalty and affection for his friends, as they are to him. A friend could call upon him in time of need and be sure of a response that gave all his deep sympathy and love. In fact, his sympathy with erring mankind is so deep that even strangers feel it, and sometimes impose upon his broad-minded charitableness. Loyal to those whom he served, generous to their failings, sympathetic in their sorrows, unselfish and kindly—such are the qualities of the ideal pastor. As a preacher, he is handicapped by trouble with his eyes, which at his first appearance seems a draw¬ back, but as soon as he begins the development of his theme, apparently his affliction is forgotten by himself, and most certainly by his audience, so charmed and interested are they in following closely his thought for fear they may miss some well-chosen word, that seems to express just the proper shade of meaning. His style is all his own, free and easy. Speaking without notes, yet without hesitancy, his language is clear and forcible, at times rising to a climax in some word- painting that leaves his hearers feeling they can see the beauty he describes. His discourses are analytical and profound; well arranged and eloquent. The most cultured audiences of Petersburg were his, and Wash- HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 177 ington Street was proud of him and the place he filled in the community. Earnest, sincere, and godly in his daily life; full of brotherly kindness; and charitable to his fellow-man, he made a deep and abiding impres¬ sion upon the people of the city, not surpassed by any preacher who ever filled this pulpit. He was at Washington Street Church nine years in all, and its story in that time has been told in the pre¬ vious pages—the story is largely the story of his ser¬ vice and his leadership, and is better told than in these few words of tribute. T. R. REEVES—1910 (November, 1910, to May, 1911 Mr. Reeves had filled some of the most prominent pulpits of the Conference before he came to Wash¬ ington Street, and was well and favorably known. After serving a few months, in May, 1911, he was appointed principal of Blackstone Female Institute. After several years of work there, he came back into the active ministry. He was of pleasing personality, dignified in appear¬ ance and friendly and courteous in his contact with the people of Petersburg. Though his service was brief, he made a most favorable impression, and Ins departure was regretted. FRED R. CHENAULT (June, 1911, to Nov., 1911) In the interval between tne resignation of Mr. Reeves and the filling of the vacancy, Mr. Chenault, then a student, most acceptably carried on the work. At that time he gave promise of the ability which is now so well recognized throughout Virginia. He was very popular, especially with the young men, and got many of them interested in church work. Washington Street will always have a warm spot in its heart for Chenault. ' 178 THE STORY OF A CHURCH GEORGE E. BOOKER—1911-1912-1913 He was born in Petersburg, Virginia, March 22, 1872. He was educated at William and Mary and Ran- dolph-Macon College and the University of Virginia, and was admitted into the Virginia Conference in 1893. He has been in special demand as a college com¬ mencement preacher and Memorial Day orator, and has had successful pastorates at some of the largest churches. He has been a member of three General Conferences and is a trustee of Randolph-Macon College. His style as a speaker is polished, and his diction and phraseology most pleasing. S. T. SENTER—1914 Received in 1901 in the Holston Conference and transferred to Baltimore Conference in 1910—then transferred to Washington Street in 1913. He was born in 1879 at Bristol, Tennessee, and was educated at King College and Vanderbilt University. He is quiet and reserved in manner, but sociable and friendly after becoming acquainted. He is tall and attractive in appearance. Possesses a keen intellect and a splendid education, his sermons are logical and forcible. RICHARD WILKINSON—1915-1916 Dr. Wilkinson was a “transfer,” coming to Wash¬ ington Street with a reputation as an orator and lec¬ turer. He fulfilled in these respects the reputation which preceded him. He served one year and was returned the succeeding year, but soon after his re¬ appointment left the Methodist Church and joined the Episcopal ministry. The membership of the church HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH Vi9 had pride in his ability, and were enthused by his zeal and energy. The younger element of the church were very enthusiastic under his leadership. Dr. John B. Winn was then transferred from Roa¬ noke in May, 1916, to take his place. FRANK L. WELLS, D. D.—1922 Rev. Frank L. Wells was born in Raleigh, North Carolina, in 1877. His father, Frank Osborne Wells, was born in Petersburg. His parents moved to Peters¬ burg when he was only six months old. He was received on trial in the Virginia Confer¬ ence in 1904. He was converted at thirteen years of age under the ministry of Rev. W. J. Young, D. D., at Park Place Church, Richmond. Received his educational preparation for the ministry in Randolph-Macon Col¬ lege and Vanderbilt University. Supplied Market Street Church, Petersburg, from June 1st until Conference, while a student of Ran¬ dolph-Macon College, and supplied Barton Heights Church from May until Conference, 1901, while a student at Randolph-Macon College. For the past five years has been Secretary of the Board of Missions of the Virginia Conference in ad¬ dition to his pastoral work. Dr. Wells is a graceful and pleasing speaker. His ability as an organizer was well known, and he took hold of the work with administrative ability, and re¬ ceived the enthusiastic co-operation of the church. Coming at a time when a large debt for improvements just completed was hanging over the membership, a man of executive ability was needed to keep the church progressing satisfactorily. He acted with energy, and at this time the church under his leadership is in good shape. 180 THE STORY OF A CHURCH LIST OF STEWARDS FROM 1773 TO 1923. The designation “Steward” was used from the ear¬ liest times. It must be remembered that the first organizations were called “Societies,” and each “So¬ ciety” was divided into smaller companies called “Classes.” Each class had a “Leader,” whose duty 7 t/ it was “to meet the ministers and the stewards of the society once a week.” In Petersburg, however, there is no record of Stew¬ ards prior to 1810. Trustees were distinct from the Stewards, but as most of the Trustees were also Stew¬ ards, this list will refer solely to Stewards since 1810. The first record says: “September 21, 1810. Resolved, that a stewards’ meeting be formed which shall consist of all the local and stationed preachers, the class leaders, and trus¬ tees.” Prior to 1810, mention will first be made of some of the prominent members of the church. The first (incomplete) list gives the names of Gres- sett Davis, John Cook, David Thweatt, Francis Baird, Batt Gilmore, Nathaniel Parrott and others. Very little can be ascertained about them. Davis, Cook, and Parrott will be referred to. The names of Thweatt, Baird, and Gilmore were well-known names in Prince George county, adjoining Petersburg, and it is prob¬ able that they were residents of that county. It is known that a number of Methodists in that county at that time worshipped in Petersburg. 1773. Gressett Davis. John Cook. Edward Hobbs. Archer Brown. Stith Parham. 1788. Joseph Harding. HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 181 1810. Nathaniel Lee, 1825. Thomas Young, 1828. Samuel Hart, removed 1815. Enoch Sullivan, 1812. Peyton Lynch, 1817. 1812. Peter McCulloch, 1824. Joseph Botner, removed 1815. 1815. Allen Archer, resigned 1844. 1819. Thomas A. Stroud, 1836. 1821. John Stith, 1823. 1822. Seth Heath, died 1832. 1823. G. P. Disosway, 1828. 1824. Beverly Drinkard, resigned 1848. John Myrick, deceased 1832. 1826. George Mahood, removed 1828. 1828. William Clark, resigned 1842. William Brownley, vacated 1865. 1836. Daniel Lyon, vacated 1877. Thomas Branch, vacated 1844. James McD. Anderson, resigned 1844. 1842. D’Arcy Paul, died 1875. 1844. P. B. Wells, vacated 1860. B. P. Harrison, resigned 1856. Thomas Wallace, vacated 1847. 1847. E. P. Nash, vacated 1856. 1848. John Enniss, vacated 1859. 1854. P. F. Cogbill, vacated 1859. 1856. N. F. Rives, vacated 1859. 1858. S. Drummond, resigned 1865. George B. Jones, killed in battle June 9, 1864. A. B. Mahood, vacated 1878. 1860. P. H. Booth, died 1896. 182 THE STORY OF A CHURCH 1864. Wesley Grigg, vacated 1866. Francis Major, vacated 1869. 1865. John W. Bradbury, died 1904. 1867. T. L. H. Young, 1904, resigned 1886. Williams T. Davis, vacated 1888. George V. Scott, died 1886. 1869. L. L. Marks, vacated 1910. George Peace, resigned 1869. W. A. Shepard, resigned 1870. 1873. James B. Blanks.* George C. Starke, died 1898. John R. Turner, died 1904. 1876. R. B. Davis, died 1917. W. P. Taylor, died 1884. J. M. Leath, vacated 1886. 1877. R. A. Harrison, died 1917. E. W. Butcher.* T. M. Woody (declined to accept). 1881. C. D. Tinsley, died 1913. 1881. N. W. Norsworthy, vacated 1883. L. E. Clark, died 1886. H. G. Leigh, died 1898. 1885. E. G. Bagley, vacated 1887. 1887. R. L. Kidd, died 1906. Hugh Cousins, 1889. 1890. Walter S. Alley, 1894. W. E. Ramey, 1913. H. C. Davis, 1890. 1891. W. H. Littlejohn, 1892. John T. Grubb, 1892. 1892. A. K. Davis, 1915. 1894. W. F. Drewry.* HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 183 1895. W. J. Purdy.* 1898. T. J. Jefferson, vacated 1905. F. 0. Strailman.* S. W. Booth.* 1899. James M. Turner.* W. H. Willcox,* vacated 1901, reinstated 1920. 1902. Dr. T. J. Burgess, vacated 1928. 1904. E. H. Edmunds, vacated 1913. Jacob Savage, vacated 1920. W. A. Williamson.* 1905. T. E. Wilkerson, 1907. 1907. M. B. Cogbill.* 1908. E. G. Temple, vacated 1917. 1911. R. M. Woody.* 1912. F. M. Hobbs.* S. Henley Turner, 1914. 1913. E. M. Stokes, 1915. M. W. Pyne, died 1918. W| Y. Burge.* John J. Jones.* 1914. E. W. Butcher, Jr., 1916. R. M. Craddock, died 1923. 1915. P. H. Drewry.* 1916. H. D. Wolff.* 1917. W. W. Hines, 1919. Dr. H. W. Talley.* J. A. Baird.* 1918. R. H. Mann.* J. I. Joyner.* 1919. Holmes Boisseau.* L. L. Kidd.* W. T. Baugh.* Gray M. Smith, 1921. 184 THE STORY OF A CHURCH 1920. J. W. Ferrell.* P. H. Booth.* Ashton W. Gray.* 1921. Nathan Toms.* Louis Brownlow, 1923. H. J. Tucker.* 1922. I. B. Davenport.* In December, 1923, the following were added: 1923. W. M. Edens.* E. A. Wyatt, Jr.* W. S. Strailman.* * GRESSETT DAVIS—1773 He was a merchant of Petersburg and a man of considerable influence in the business life of the com¬ munity. He was the leader, the main prop of the struggling young Methodist Society. He was instru¬ mental in building the first church and contributed fifty pounds toward the building of the second. His house was thrown open to the members after the church on Harrison Street was burned and worship was held there for a part of the time until the erection of the new church on Market Street. He lived on what is now called Mistletoe Street, in the rear of the pres¬ ent Wesley Church on Halifax Street. The Conference of 1787 was held in this house. One record recites that he lived in Pocahontas in 1773. His storehouse was on Water Street, where he conducted a general merchandise business. He believed in Petersburg and invested in real estate in “Ravenscroft Town,” in the angle formed by Sycamore (or Walnut Street, as it was then called) and Halifax Street. The oldest record Those marked with a * are the present members of the board. HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 185 (1784) of Petersburg shows several transactions, in which he and his wife, Martha, sold lots to Joseph Harding and Nathaniel Lee, and other Methodists. He owned slaves, but freed them, reciting in the deed of manumission of “Isthmael, about 35 years old,” as fol¬ lows : “Being fully persuaded that Freedom is the natu¬ ral right of all men—agreeable to the declaration of the Bill of Rights; upon which 1 conceived our present happy Constitution is established.” The date of this deed was November 3, 1784. In another deed he re¬ cites: “I believe all men by nature have an unalienable right to Liberty.” This is not the only instance of the freedom of slaves by the Methodists of that time. Many of the leading Methodists followed the example of Gressett Davis. The more one reads of the old records, the more he becomes convinced that the question of slavery would have been eventually settled without interfer¬ ence from outside. Gressett Davis had two daughters. The two sisters married, one Francis Follet, and the other, Lewis Mabry. Follet and Mabry were in partnership, con¬ ducting a hardware business on Bollingbrook Street. Both were prominent men. Lewis Mabry was twice mayor of Petersburg. He also wrote a series of let¬ ters on Methodism in Petersburg which were pub¬ lished in the Advocate, but the files of the paper con¬ taining these articles were destroyed in the burning of Richmond in 1865. There may be some in existence, but the writer has not been able to find them. They would be very interesting. Lewis Mabry also wrote some interesting accounts of Petersburg, 'as it was in 1800. Mrs. Follet died, leaving no issue. Mrs. Mabry had four daughters; one married Rev. Martin Parks, a 186 THE STORY OF A CHURCH Methodist preacher, who withdrew from the connec¬ tion in 1836; one married Nicholas Moore and moved to Alabama; the remaining two were unmarried. NATHANIEL PARROTT—1783 Nathaniel Parrott and Lucy, his wife, are men¬ tioned in the list. Nothing is known of them after¬ wards, but a “Mr. Parrott and his wife” are men¬ tioned by Asbury as making “sickly travelers more welcome” in Richmond. This sounds so much like Petersburg hospitality that it might be concluded the Parrotts had moved to Richmond. The ones in Rich¬ mond offered their home, and helped to establish the first Methodist church in that city. Again, history repeats itself, for Richmond has been forwarded in many instances by Petersburg men. JOHN COOK—1783 He lived in Pocahontas, and was the “Leader” of the early “Society.” The early records disclose that he was a trader and merchant. He owned a sloop— the “Dispatch”—and had a carrying trade on the river. He was also one of our earliest tobacconists and went into debt, on one occasion, to buy “one to¬ bacco screw.” JOSEPH HARDING—1780-1810 He was a prominent man, and a friend of Bishop Asbury. Reference has been made to him in previous pages. He was a merchant on Water Street, and there is a reference to “Joseph Harding’s store and Gressett Davis’s and Nathaniel Lee’s stores” adjoining on Water Street. He also owned slaves and freed them, believing “that God created all men equally HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 187 free.” Numerous transactions in real estate are re¬ corded in his name. His residence was near Harding and New Streets. Some of his descendants still live in Petersburg. He had four daughters, who married respectively Boyle, Raines, Hudson and Cox. The Boyles died without issue. They lived on Liberty Street in a very old house, torn down many years ago. The only daugh¬ ter of Mrs. Raines married Mr. William Cuthbert and their descendants are among the most prominent peo¬ ple of the community. Mrs. Hudson had one son, Joseph Harding Hudson. The husband of the fourth daughter, John Cox, was a trustee in the Methodist Church in 1810. NATHANIEL LEE—1810-1825 He was probably one of the younger sons of Na¬ thaniel Lee, Sr., and a brother of Rev. Jesse Lee. His father lived about sixteen miles south of Petersburg in Prince George county, and was one of the substantial farmers of the section. A writer gives a picture of his home, that throws a sidelight on the life of rural Virginia at that time: “He (Nathaniel Lee, Sr.) was the owner of several hundred acres of land and of servants enough to cultivate them; producing on his own premises a sufficiency of what were deemed the necessaries of life, and selling enough to procure some of its luxuries, he dwelt at ease and in independence on his estate; dividing his land between the cultivation of his lands, the proper care of his family, and the promotion of the social happiness of his neighbor¬ hood.” Three of his sons settled in Petersburg. Nathaniel Lee, Jr., was a merchant on Water Street, and a close friend and associate in business with Joseph Harding. He lived in what is known as “Gill- field,” in the southwestern part of the town. 188 THE STORY OF A CHURCH He was one of the leaders of the church, being a steward and a trustee, and was one of the largest contributors to the new brick church on Union Street, as shown on a list dated 1823. There is no record of his name after 1825. He was one of the original members, and his name is mentioned frequently in contracts for repairing the wooden church on Market Street. He was the uncle of Rev. LeRoy Lee, of the Virginia Conference. SAMUEL HART—1810-1815 He was a merchant on Bollingbrook Street. Very little is known of him. PETER McCULLOCH—1812-1825 He lived on Old Street, and was active and liberal in promoting the building of Union Street Church. ALLEN ARCHER—1815-1844 A prominent and useful citizen, taking an interest in civic as well as religious affairs. He was one of the leaders of the church in the building of the new house of worship on Union Street, and was one of the largest subscribers. He lived on High Street and took his membership to the “Western Station,” out of which grew High Street Church. He was the father, it is thought, of Col. F. H. Archer, a veteran of the Mexican War, and the commander of the home forces on the 9th of June, 1864. Allen Archer died in 1869. THOMAS A. STROUD—1819-1836 He was born in 1765 and died in 1838, aged 73 years. He lived in Texas for a while, probably in his youth, for the first reference we find to him in the church records is in 1817, when he was elected trustee in place of Peyton Lynch, who died in that HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 189 year. He was very active in church affairs, as leader, trustee, and steward; in addition he could always be counted upon for large contributions when needed. He was a man of sterling character and deep religious convictions. He lived in “that part of the town known as the Old Town.” Some think that Blandford is meant by this description, but the better view is that the part of the town at the upper or western end of Old Street was intended. He was a blacksmith by trade, and in 1828 was clerk of the market. His family have been long prominent in Methodist circles, one of his relatives, Mr. James B. Blanks, at this time being the oldest member in point of service in Wash¬ ington Street Church. JOHN STITH—1819-1823 He was active in the church as a leader and trustee before he was made steward. He was one of the largest contributors to the building fund of the new church on Union Street, and was for a long time treas¬ urer of the church, but there is no mention of him after 1823. SETH HEATH—1822-1832 For several years he was Secretary of the Board of Stewards. G. P. DISOSWAY—1823-1828 He was born in New York City in 1799, of French descent. He married in Virginia and lived in Peters¬ burg from 1821 to 1828. He was a graduate of Co¬ lumbia College in New York and by reason of his education and ability he took a prominent part in the church and town. He, with Dr. H. G. Leigh, estab¬ lished Randolph-Macon College, and there is a tablet to his memory in the college chapel in Ashland, Va. After his return to New York, he actively interested 190 THE STORY OF A CHURCH himself in the affairs of the Methodist Church and its religious institutions. As an author, he is best known by his book, “The Old Churches of New York.” CAPT. BEVERLY DRINKARD—1824-1848. His father, William Rollinson Drinkard, was born in England, and came to the United States as a school teacher. He married Mary Cocke Willcox, a sister of John Vaughan Willcox, of Walnut Hill, Peters¬ burg, Virginia. JOHN MYRICK—1824-1832 He married a daughter of William Clark, another steward of the church. He died in 1832, in his forty- fifth year, and is buried in Chesterfield county, on the farm where Mrs. Werres now lives. He and William Clark were relatives of Mr. Spooner Epes, and Mr. Kevan of this city. WILLIAM CLARK—1828-1842 Born 1762, died 1846. He was a banker in Peters¬ burg. GEORGE MAHOOD—1826-1828 He was the eldest son of Alexander and Jane Ma- hood, and was born in Loughbrickland, County Down, Ireland, in 1798. He came to Virginia about 1818 and engaged in mission work among the Indians in Virginia and Ohio. It is thought that he joined the Methodist Church in Petersburg soon after he came to America. He was a class leader in 1821, then a trustee and a steward. In the meantime he studied for the ministry and was admitted to the Virginia Conference in 1827, and died in 1839 serving in Meck¬ lenburg and Sussex counties. He married Elizabeth Ellis, daughter of Ephraim Ellis, of Petersburg, Va. HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 191 WILLIAM BROWNLEY—1828-1865 He is first mentioned in 1823 as a class leader, and from that time on held successively positions of trus¬ tee and steward and at one time was treasurer. He lived on Market Street, and his home was a home for all the preachers. One of his descendants writes as follows: “We had a preacher’s room with two big teaster bedsteads, and no one was expected to stay in them but preachers and they were legion—sometimes before the preachers could get in their homes in Pe¬ tersburg, they would come with their whole families and stay weeks at my father’s. During the Conference the long mahogany table seating twenty or more was always free—as my father kept open house at that time. I had a good time listening to their many jokes—and when the bell rang for prayers in the morning, all came in, white and colored—they were good old days.” What an attractive picture and what an argument for private entertainment of the preachers at Con¬ ference ! MAJOR DANIEL LYON—1836-1877 Major Daniel Lyon, the son of Thomas and Eliza¬ beth Lyon, was born in Richmond, Va., December 17, 1800, and died in Brooklyn, N. Y., at the home of his son, Daniel Lyon, Jr., April 12, 1883. He was happily married to Miss Agnes Simmons Temple, the daughter of Randolph and Nancy Temple, of Prince George county. Under strong religious influences, young Daniel was brought up, and in early childhood united with the Methodist Church where he was a tower of strength for half a century. While he had other business interests yet he devoted his time to the man¬ ufacture of bricks, contractor and builder; and was 192 THE STORY OF A CHURCH engaged to construct the present edifice in which the congregation of Washington Street Methodist Church now worship. He was diligent and prosperous in business, and with a deep sense of gratitude to Al¬ mighty God he was a cheerful and generous giver to all the interests of the Church. As a prominent citizen and mayor of the city he interested himself in its municipal welfare. Being too old at the time of the war between the States to enter the army he drove his wagons around the town collecting clothing and other bundles which he car¬ ried to the lines for the soldiers. On a winter day he took off his shoes on the street and gave them to a soldier whose feet were almost on the cold ground. He was given to hospitality. His home was the meeting place for ministers. At his fireside they found good cheer and comfort. He kept an open house for Christian workers and young people. Hav¬ ing nine children of his own it was natural that this should be the place where the young life of the community enjoyed their festivities. After teaching a class of girls for some time he was made superintendent of the Sunday School to which he gave many useful } T ears. He was a wise counselor. Possessing a discrim¬ inating and sound judgment as he did, his advice on important matters was frequently sought. For forty years he was a steward of this church, holding nearly every office in the gift of his church. With unwaver¬ ing loyalty to his local institution he confidently be¬ lieved in the Providential origin and mission of Wes¬ leyan Methodism. Three generations of Daniel Lyon are now mem¬ bers of this church, viz., David A. Lyon, attorney at law; David A. Lyon, Jr., and David A. Lyon, 3rd. HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 193 THOMAS BRANCH—1836-1844 He was born at Willow Hill in Chesterfield county in 1802, and in his young manhood removed to Peters¬ burg, where he established himself in business as a commission merchant and banker. He was a member of the common council, sheriff, and for several terms mayor of Petersburg. He was a member of the Con¬ vention of 1861, and when Virginia left the Union was one of the signers of the ordinance of secession. “Shortly after his first marriage, in 1831, he had joined the Methodist Church, and for the remainder of his long and active life was one of its most devoted and most useful members. It has been estimated that he played a conspicuous part in some fifty of the an¬ nual conferences; and his pecuniary contributions to the cause of Methodism were preverbially enormous. “In addition, Thomas Branch was treasurer of the Virginia Bible Society, and for many years treasurer of the Magdalen Association, of Richmond, Virginia, and a profuse assistant of both; and he was also presi¬ dent of the Board of Trustees of Randolph-Macon College. “In his relations to the church, as elsewhere, the elements of his character forbid to him a negative position. The church of his choice early recognized these qualities, and called him into official station and to representative trusts. Few among us anywhere have filled so long the honored and responsible office of a steward. He has been a conspicuous represen¬ tative of his church in the Quarterly, Annual and General Conferences. Until disabled by age it was. his delight to be at them. His devotion to his church, to her doctrines, her piety, her ministry and all her enterprises, was marked and well known. And for long years he was the faithful trustee, the fast friend and the liberal supporter of Randolph-Macon College.” 194 THE STORY OF A CHURCH After the War Between the States he moved to Rich¬ mond, and founded the Merchants National Bank, of which he was president. He died in 1888. Removed from Union Street Church to the Western Station (then Plum Street and Ettrick and afterwards High Street Church) in 1844. JAMES McDOWELL ANDERSON—1836-1844 James McD. Anderson was born January 30, 1786, in Sussex County, Virginia. Died October 22, 1861, in Petersburg, Virginia. He was a successful merchant, affectionate and in¬ dulgent in his family life, and an honored and re¬ spected Christian gentleman. An old historian, writing about 1860, says: “In 1818 the first vote was taken the free hold suffrage, in which the council was elected. This vote amounted to only 205, and of those who figured in it, we see the names of only twelve who are still upon earth. Here are the survivors: Messrs. John Bragg, John V. Willcox, James McD. Anderson, G. W. Stainback, Jabez Smith, Samuel Crawford, John Allison, John Taliaferro, Allen Archer, Lewis Mabry, Charles Kent and Nathaniel Vincent.” Anderson, Smith, Archer and Mabry were members of the Methodist Church. D’ARCY PAUL—1842-1875 D’Arcy Paul was born in the county Armagh, Ire¬ land, January 30, 1793. He emigrated to the United States with the intention of making Virginia his home, in the year 1818, living for a while in each of the cities of Norfolk, Richmond and Lynchburg, and finally settling in Petersburg in 1823, since which time he was a resident here. For many years he was actively engaged in mercantile life, and was the founder of the largest and most substantial HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 195 wholesale dry goods house ever known in Peters¬ burg. The first firm with which he was connected was that of “Kyle, Noble & Co/’ As in all things else, time brought changes to this firm also, and we find it subsequently became—“Paul and Molland,” “Paul, Molland & Co.”, “Paul & Mcllwaine,” “Paul, Mcllwaine & Co.” Eventually on Mr. Paul’s retir¬ ing from mercantile life, the business passed into the hands of Messrs. Mcllwaine & Graham, and finally Messrs. Hamilton & Graham, by whom it was wound up and discontinued during the war. His honesty, integrity, fair dealing and untiring energy brought to the several firms with which he was successively connected, an immense trade, extended through a large section of country, and his reputation as a mer¬ chant was known and respected far beyond the nar¬ row limits of the country tributary to Petersburg. “Otherwise in the annals of our city, Mr. Paul acted a conspicuous part. For many years before and down to the close of the war, when the city passed under the control of the military authorities he held the position of representative of Common Council from centre ward, a position he never sought. His great abilities as a financier being fully recognized by the Council, he was chosen a member and made chairman of the Finance Committee—his colleagues, like himself being men of worth and ability. Under their administration the credit of the city was brought to a standard, such as that enjoyed by few communities in these United States. Her bonds were worth their face value in the markets of the country, her obligations were always faithfully and promptly met, and the people were proud of the good name, financially, everywhere bestowed on their city. Among the disasters brought upon us by the war, one of the greatest was the ruthless sweeping away from the Hall of our Council such men as Mr. Paul and 196 THE STORY OF A CHURCH his colleagues, and the filling of their places with such men as have ruled and almost ruined the city during the last few years. On the organization of the Petersburg Savings and Insurance Company in 1860, Mr. Paul was elected president. That institution was one of the few that survived the disasters of the war, and that maintained its faith to its depositors. When the war closed it paid dollar for dollar in greenbacks, with interest added—the full amount of all deposits made before the outbreak of hostilities; and the deposits in Con¬ federate funds were scaled according to their value at the time of receipt, and paid with interest. In other quarters also Mr. Paul’s peculiar ability in this respect was brought into use. For years he acted as Treasurer of the Virginia Conference, which gave him control of all measures of finance in that body. His counsel was always sought and his advice followed when the ways and means were under con¬ sideration. When Lay Representatives were admit¬ ted to the General Conference of the Methodist Church, Mr. Paul was among the first delegates sent from this State, and he served there even until the last Conference, as a member of the Board of Fi¬ nance. Mr. Paul was a man of very strict self-discipline. He seemed indeed to be withdrawn from the world. But those who knew him well, knew him also to be a man of exceedingly fine social traits. He was hos¬ pitable in the broadest sense of the word, and when his mind was unoccupied with business matters, no one was more free, and open, and courteous in man¬ ners than he. His charities—public and private—knew no limit. Some twenty-five years ago when Randolph-Macon College was in a condition of embarrassment that HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 197 threatened its very existence, the buildings were out of repair, the students were few, and the institution itself was rapidly declining in its sphere of useful¬ ness, D’Arcy Paul came to its aid and gave it $5,000. The poor and the needy were always in his mind and his hand was ever open to their call. Every charitable object, whether of a public or private na¬ ture received his attention and his assistance. While his liberality to his own church was large-hearted, he was ever ready to contribute to the wants of other churches, and that in no stinted way. The orphan and the widow were the recipients of his kindly bounty, and to afford them relief was with him a duty and a pleasure. He was the founder and for a long while the sole supporter of the Thomas Cook Paul Asylum in this city, and many have been the little ones who found a home within its walls; and who were there educated, clothed, fed and grew up under virtuous teachings to become useful members of church and society. The Asylum was named in honor of a son who died at an early age, but who showed remarkable piety and religious devotion. The Asylum was a few years ago turned over to the Methodist Church under whose care its usefulness is still preserved. The building on Union Street known as the Col¬ ored Methodist Church, and occupied by a flourish¬ ing congregation, was a gift to the Conference by Mr. Paul. It was bought by him for the purpose for which it is now used, and the colored Methodists of the city owe it to his liberality that they have a church in which to worship. In the causes of mis¬ sions and education, Mr. Paul always evinced pecu¬ liar interest, and to these he gave constantly and largely. He felt the need of the spread of the Gos¬ pel in all lands and the preaching of the word of God to all the world, and to accomplish this end, he 198 THE STORY OF A CHURCH gave to the best of his ability. His benefactions to Randolph-Macon College for the education of young men in the ministry, were as an ever flowing stream, and as freely bestowed as the dews of heaven upon the flowers of earth. It is estimated that his benefac¬ tions in the course of his life will reach half a mil¬ lion dollars. But what need we say further in this respect. The half of what he has done in charities was unknown save to himself, his God and the re¬ cipients of his kindness. His deeds are written above, and will be called to his merit when the reward of his well spent life is meted out to him at the last day. Mr. Paul was married in Norfolk in the year 1823, ’ to Miss Elizabeth S. Cook, of that city. He removed to Petersburg immediately after his marriage. Three sons were born unto him, viz.: Thomas Cook, D’Arcy and Samuel B. Paul. The first died very young; the second was accidentally killed during the war, and the last named still lives an honored citizen in our midst. At the age of thirteen years he became a mem¬ ber of the Church of England, but subsequently joined the Church of Wesley. During his whole life here—fifty-one years—he was a consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal Church.” The merchants of the city closed their houses of business between the hours of eleven and two o’clock P. M., in order to show their respects by attending the funeral. He died in 1874. P. B. WELLS—1844-1860 He lived at the corner of Halifax and Custer Streets. This house is said to have been the headquarters of HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 199 General Custer in 1865. He was the grandfather of Mrs. Eva G. Mullen, long a valued member of Wash¬ ington Street Church. B. P. HARRISON—-1844-1856 He was a lineal descendant of the James River Har¬ risons and lived in Petersburg after his marriage. He was actively interested in the building of the present Washington Street Church, together with Mr. Thomas Branch, Mr. Williams T. Davis and others. He was one of the incorporators of the Southern Female Col¬ lege, of which Mr. Davis was president. He died about two years before the War Between the States, aged forty-five years. This family has given largely of its members to Washington Street, and at the present time Mrs. W. J. Purdy and Mrs. B. H. Marks, granddaughters, are valued and useful members of the church. THOMAS WALLACE, LL. D.—1844-1847 Thomas Wallace was born September 7, 1812, died in Petersburg, May 14, 1868. A prominent and successful member of the Pe¬ tersburg Bar, a member of the Virginia Legislature, and at one time, Mayor of the city. He was an honored Steward and also Superin¬ tendent of the Sunday School. Mr. Wallace later connected himself with the Baptist denomination, of which his wife was a devoted member, and became a prominent and very zealous worker in the First Baptist Church of Petersburg. He was a man of sterling character, of wide in¬ fluence, and was held in the highest estimation by all. 200 THE STORY OF A CHURCH E. P. NASH—1847-1856 He was one of the pioneer book-sellers of the South. His store was under what was known as Library Hall, now occupied by the Virginia Railway and Power Co., on the corner of Bollingbrook and Sycamore Streets. He especially interested himself in pianos and musical instruments of all kinds. He lived on Union Street. His son moved to Atlanta, and his grandson was sta¬ tioned at Camp Lee during the last war. JOHN ENNISS-1848-1859 John Enniss was the youngest of three children, whose parents were John Enniss and Ann Peterson. He was born at Bermuda Hundred, Chesterfield County, Virginia, on October 2, 1799. His father was captain of a sailing vessel, plying in those days from City Point, Va., to Liverpool, and was lost at sea, when his youngest son was quite a small boy. Early in life, John Enniss made Petersburg his home, and throughout his long life, which was spent in this city, he was regarded and looked upon as one of the most exemplary and substantial citizens. He was twice married, and many of his grand¬ children and great grand-children are today resi¬ dents of the city. He was kind, very generous, and loving in dispo¬ sition, rather retiring in his nature, and deeply pious and conscientious in all matters. He was always ready and willing to undertake anything for the up¬ building and advancement of the Church, and his hospitable home was always known as the “Preach¬ er’s Home”—one room being set apart as the “Preacher’s Room.” As an evidence of his deep devotion to the Church, in 1845, when Wesley Chapel was organized, he be- HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 201 came the first superintendent of the Sunday School, which position, he held for sometime, retaining his membership in Washington Street Church. After Market Street M. E. Church (now Trinity) was built in 1857, he removed his membership to that church (the same being more convenient for him to attend) where he remained a loyal and devoted member un¬ til his death, which occurred on January 23, 1887, being in the 88th year of his age. PETER FITZ COGBILL—1854-1859 Born February 2, 1815; died May 19, 1889; aged 74. Mr. Cogbill joined Union Street Methodist Church in 1842, later he was one of ninety-three members who were given by Washington Street to build up Market Street, now Trinity, Church. He was Chairman of the Board of Stewards of Market Street Church, and also Chairman of the Building Committee. In those days it meant more to join the church than apparently it does now. Before being taken into full membership, he was kept on trial for six months, which was a rule of the Church, and as it was against the rules to wear jewelry and costly apparel, he had to dispense with his diamond studs, gold watch chain, and ruffled shirt bosoms. Mr. Cogbill was very active in church and Sunday School work. He was especially interested in Sun¬ day School work, and taught the Bible Class for a number of years. When President of the Sunday School Association he took great pleasure in visiting the Sunday Schools of the city, and called himself the “Itinerant Superintendent.” Mr. Cogbill was at one time engaged in the flour milling business in Petersburg; was subsequently a commission merchant for many years, and at the 202 THE STORY OF A CHURCH time of his death was Collector of Customs for the port of Petersburg. He was survived by his widow who was Caroline Matilda Manson, of Brunswick County, Va., and eight children. His son, Maclin B. Cogbill, is now a steward of Washington Street Church. He was a Methodist of the “Old School,” faith¬ fully keeping the rules and regulations of the church and fighting the World, the Flesh, and the Devil all the days of his life. N. F. RIVES—1856-1859 He was a druggist and kept a store where James P. Banks now conducts his drug store, near the cor¬ ner of Sycamore and Washington Streets, under the name of Rives & Proctor. He left Petersburg and went to Texas to live. He is thought to have been related to the Rives family, of Dinwiddie county. SAMUEL DRUMMOND—1858-1865 Samuel Drummond was born in 1816. His father was a Scotchman, but his two sons, Samuel and Wil¬ liam, were born in this county. He was married twice, his first wife being Delilah Stell and his second wife was Emily Porter. He was the father of eight children, seven daugh¬ ters and one son, who lived to be grown. Samuel Drummond was a shoe merchant in Peters¬ burg. He lived on Bollingbrook Street in the old Drummond residence, which is still standing, but is now known as the Jarratt residence. During the Civil War a shell struck the corner of the house and the family had to move out. Samuel Drummond died September 2, 1866. HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 203 GEORGE BENJAMIN JONES—1858-1864 George Benjamin Jones was born in Sussex County, Va., 1822, the only son and youngest of nine children, of George Jones and Anna Parham. He was educated at Randolph-Macon College, then at Boydton, Va., and graduated with the first honors of his class. For two years afterwards he was professor at that college. In Petersburg he was al¬ ways a druggist, first having charge of his father-in- law’s store and later having his own store, where he was preparing to have a laboratory when his life was suddenly brought to a close on June 9, 1864. He was one of that noble band of men, who gave up their lives in defense of their home. Mr. Jones was devoutly pious and came from an ancestry of great Methodists. His grandfather, . George Jones, helped to build old Jones’ Church in Sussex County—whose name it still bears. He was a man of singular purity of life, a profound scholar, a musician and one of the most beloved men of his time. In 1847 he married Annabella Major, the daugh¬ ter of Francis Major, who survived him with seven children—four sons. A. B. MAHOOD—1858-1878 Alexander Benjamin Mahood, the son of Rev. George Mahood and Elizabeth Ellis Mahood, was born in Petersburg, Virginia, August 5, 1825. He died in Roanoke, Virginia, February 20, 1898. He joined Washington Street Church in childhood and as a youth was active in Sunday school work. He continued active in Sunday school and church work throughout his life, being a Sunday school teacher, 204 THE STORY OF A CHURCH class leader and steward of Washington Street church while residing in Petersburg, and later on did similar work in Court Street and Memorial churches, Lynch¬ burg, Virginia, and in Trinity Church, Roanoke, Virginia. On September 16, 1857, he married Miss Helen Walker Phillips, daughter of Colonel John A. and Martha Gary Phillips, of Prince George county. He was engaged in the clothing business, being of the firm of Mahood & Lee, and later of Mahood & Bro. He subsequently was teller of one of the Petersburg banks, located on Bank Street. He became assistant treasurer of the Atlanta, Mis¬ sissippi and Ohio Railroad in 1871. He continued with this road and its successors until his death, moving to Lynchburg in 1878 and to Roanoke in 1895. P. H. BOOTH—1860-1896 P. H. Booth, born August 8, 1820; died March 23, 1896. He was a son of Col. Samuel Booth, of Surry Co., Va., and married Miss Anne Maynard, of Surry Co. He came to Petersburg in 1838 and lived here until his death. He was a merchant on Bollingbrook St. until the war of 1861, when he became active in the quartermaster’s service of the Confederacy. After the war between the States he conducted a whole¬ sale commission house on Sycamore St., and became one of the leading business men of the town. He was a director in various enterprises of the city and at one time was a member of the Council of the City of Petersburg. He made a profession of religion in 1857 under the ministry of the Rev. John E. Edwards. He joined Washington Street Church and was a steward from HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 205 1860 until his death thirty-six years later. At one time was a class leader and took an active and in¬ tense interest in all the activities of the church. One of his sons, S. W. Booth, and two of his grand¬ sons, P. H. Booth and P. H. Drewry, are now mem¬ bers of the Board of Stewards of Washington Street Church. He was a man of the strictest integrity, abhorring a lie, and strong in his sense of financial obligations. With firm principles of morality, courageous in the expression of his views, and kindly in his feelings, his stewardship was conscientiously and religiously con¬ ducted to the glory of God and the Church. WESLEY GRIGG—1864-1866 Wesley Grigg, son of William and Elizabeth Grigg, was born in Dinwiddie County, Virginia, Nov. 25, 1815. He married in Petersburg, Virginia, on October 31, 1839, Augustina Frances Peyton Wells and died in Petersburg, February 23, 1867. Wesley Grigg removed to Petersburg, Virginia, when quite a young man to enter the commission business, which business he followed until his death. He held many positions of trust in his church and in the city. FRANCIS MAJOR—1864-1869 Francis Major was born in Dinwiddie County, Vir¬ ginia, in 1802 and died in Petersburg, Virginia, May 7, 1869. For many years he was a school teacher and when his health failed, a few years before the Civil War, he went into business and owned a drug store, which was run by his son-in-law, George B. Jones. 206 THE STORY OF A CHURCH Mr. Major was a gentleman of the old school— strong in principle, stern in devotion to duty, giving religion and education the first place in his life. He was for years a member of the Common Council and was on the first Public School Board of this city. On June 9, 1864, when the Court House bell rang, he, though an old man, shouldered his musket and went out to the defense of his city. He was a firm believer in the Confederacy and after its fall and the reverses which followed, he was completely broken in spirit, dying of a broken heart four years later. JOHN W. BRADBURY—1865-1904 John W. Bradbury was a notable person in Peters¬ burg, Virginia, during nearly half a century. He was born in York, Maine, December 12, 1827, and in 1847 came to Petersburg to assist his half-brother, the late T. Washington Bradbury, in the dry goods business. In November, 1855, he married Miss Ann Eliza Wells, a most estimable and faithful woman of God. After the Civil War Mr. Bradbury became a hard¬ ware merchant. From this business he retired Feb¬ ruary 1, 1897, after having accumulated a consider¬ able fortune by dint of personal skill, painstaking in¬ dustry, unremitting perseverance and systematic honesty. In his seventy-seventh year he closed a long life of usefulness. The funeral service was conducted in Washington Street Church, to whose interests he consecrated his young manhood many years ago. As a member of the City Council or the School Board, or as President of the Methodist Orphan Asylum of Pe¬ tersburg, he was always ready to do his part in HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 207 serving the public. He was also a member of the State Board of Charities and Corrections, and one of the curators of the Virginia Conference Orphan¬ age at Richmond. He was for a long term of years Recording Stew¬ ard of Washington Street station, and was frequently sent, as the choice of his brethren, to represent them in sessions of the District Conference as well as the Annual Conference. In his place of residence, the Methodist preacher always found a genial salutation and a cordial wel¬ come. A number of the Bishops of the Southern Methodist Church partook of his hospitality during many sessions of the Virginia Conference in Peters¬ burg, and he was never happier than when enter¬ taining the prophets of God. T. L. H. YOUNG—1867-1886 Thaddeus Luther Howard Young was born in Din- widdie County, Va., on April 15, 1829. He was prepared for college at the various schools of his home county, having also a course at Ran- dolph-Macon Academy before the regular four years’ college course at Randolph-Macon College, which he completed with distinction in 1854. He won the vale¬ dictory in his class, and after serving his alma mater as tutor for one year, was elected to a full professor¬ ship. After attaining this, his health became so im¬ paired that, after consulting many physicians, he was forced to live an outdoor life. This changed the whole course of his life, as instead of in the professor’s chair, his life-work was begun as owner of a saw-mill, working regularly with and as one of his own op¬ eratives. 208 THE STORY OF A CHURCH He married about this time, Miss Lucy Prince, daughter of Col. John Prince, of Prince Edward Co., Va. He soon settled on a farm, in his native county and there most of his early married life was passed. About 1869 he moved to Petersburg, Va., and be¬ came at once thoroughly identified with and vigor¬ ously engaged in, every interest of his town and church, serving the latter as Assistant Sunday School Superintendent for years and as Steward con¬ tinuously until moving to North Carolina in 1888. On Sept. 23, 1873, he was again married to Miss Emily Davis, daughter of W. T. Davis, president and founder of Southern Female College, of Petersburg, Va. WILLIAMS T. DAVIS—1867-1888 Williams Thomas Davis was born in Gloucester County, Virginia, February 6, 1817. In 1851 he re¬ moved to this city. During the first four years of his residence here he taught a private school, and in 1855 began his work as Professor of Latin and Math¬ ematics in the Petersburg Female College. He con¬ tinued his connection with this institution until he founded the Southern Female College of this city in 1862. Of this college he became president, a posi¬ tion which he held, with the exception of a brief in¬ terval in Danville, Virginia, during the siege of Pe¬ tersburg, until death ended his work on the 17th of July, 1888. Thus for more than half a century he was continuously engaged in the instruction of youth. Prof. Davis loved his calling. He did not teach as a mere expedient or makeshift. He lives and speaks in the life and character of hundreds of men and women who in their youth sat as learners at his feet. HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 209 For fifteen years he was superintendent of the Sun¬ day School of the Washington Street Church, and from the date of his connection with it, excepting a short period during the war, his name has held its place on the roll of its officers and teachers. He loved the Church, and understood and loved its doctrines and polity. He was affable, upright, a Christian gentleman. He was decided in his opin¬ ions, strong in his convictions, and had the moral courage to express and maintain them; but he was courteous to all who differed with him. GEORGE V. SCOTT—1867-1886 George Veil Scott was born in Hertford county, N. C., April 19, 1810. About the year 1833 he came to this city and en¬ gaged in the dry goods business, first in the firm of Peebles & Scott, then in that of Peebles, Scott & White. During the last twenty-five years of his life he was engaged in lumber, coal and shipping business. He took an active part in improving the navigation of Appomattox River and the harbor of Petersburg, and was at one time president of the Board of Direc¬ tors having the management of this work. He was one of the noble band who defended and saved Petersburg, on the memorable 9th of June, 1864. In this battle he was so severely wounded that he was confined to his bed for many months, and to the day of his death he suffered from the effects of the wounds thus received. On the 22d of October, 1844, he was united in mar¬ riage with Miss Rebecca Clarke. The marriage cere¬ mony was conducted by Rev. Edward Wadsworth in the Washington Street M. E. Church. 210 THE STORY OF A CHURCH For more than forty years he was the prompt, ef¬ ficient and faithful secretary of the Sunday school, conducted first in the Union Street and then in Wash¬ ington Street M. E. Church. For twenty successive years he was annually elected to the office of secretary, and held it till the day of his death, though toward the last he was incapacitated by feeble health. His fidelity and energy in all works pertaining to the welfare of the church marked him out as one who could safely and advantageously be made a leader. In the year 1866 he was elected a member of the Board of Trustees of his Church, and at the death of D’Arcy Paul was made chairman of that Board, which office he held to the time of his death. In the year 1867 he was made a steward of his church, and subsequently made chairman of this Board, to which position he was regularly re-elected till feeble health forced him to decline it. The welfare of his state, his city and the church of God were the subjects of his study and the desire of his heart. He delighted to labor for the good of his fellow citizens. He died in 1886. LOUIS L. MARKS—1869-1910 Born in Petersburg, Va., May 13, 1837; died in 1910. Went to V. M. I., where he graduated in 1858. Was a merchant until the war between the States, when he joined the army with rank of cap¬ tain. Served with distinction and was severely wounded at the second battle of Manassas. When he recovered was placed in the Quartermaster Corps and was stationed at Petersburg during the siege. An old book containing some of the records of Washing¬ ton Street Church also contains his accounts with the Confederate States. Paper was scarce and both HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 211 records were kept in the same book. He surrendered with Gen. Johnson at Greensboro and returned to Petersburg and went into the lumber business. He was converted under Dr. J. A. Duncan in 1887 at Washington Street Church and joined the Sunday School at once, soon thereafter being made teacher. He was elected superintendent of the Sunday School in 1870 and prided himself on never being absent from the school except when sick or out of the city. He was a superintendent for thirty years. Capt. Marks had a wonderful influence on the scholars in his school, and his work in the Sunday School was a notable achievement. He was a member of Board of Trustees of Ran- dolph-Macon College, member of the Virginia An¬ nual Conference as lay delegate for many years and Treasurer in 1885 of the Joint Board of Finance, delegate to the General Conference from the Vir¬ ginia Conference in 1882 and was on the Committee on Sunday Schools. His was a beautiful life of service to his State, his city, and his church. Few men were loved univer¬ sally as he was beloved and few men ever exerted a greater but quiet influence by force of his example. The good he did lives after him and his memory still is green in the hearts of many of his Sunday School pupils. GEORGE PEACE—1869-1869 George Peace was born in 1823 and died in 1872. Was married in 1845 to Miss Adeline Jarratt, of Sus¬ sex county, Virginia. He was a retail and wholesale confectioner, and lived from infancy in Petersburg. He was a class leader 212 THE STORY OF A CHURCH in the church for a long while. His daughters were active workers in the church until they removed to Wilson, and one of them married Mr. James Leath, a steward of the church. WILLIAM A. SHEPARD—1869-1870 Born in Dorchester, Mass., June 26, 1833. Died June 3, 1895. Receiving his earlier education in Boston, Mass., Major Shepard’s first contact with Virginia came after his mother’s death when he was sent to Randolph- Macon College, then located at Boydton, Va. After graduating with honors in 1849, he was elected as¬ sistant professor of chemistry in that institution during the time when Dr. William A. Smith was its honored president. There the young instructor rap¬ idly imbibed those Southern principles so much to the fore in those seething days, so that when War Between the States was declared in 1861 he did not hesitate to cast in his lot with the land of his adoption. Having made many friends in Petersburg, he went out from that city as private in the Petersburg Riflemen (Com¬ pany E, Twelfth Virginia Regiment, Mahone’s Bri¬ gade, Anderson’s Division, A. P. Hill’s Corps). He was wounded in the battle at Seven Pines, received a ball in his thigh, which he carried the remainder of his life. Notwithstanding this he was with his regi¬ ment during the battles of Crampton’s Gap and Sharpsburg, after which he was promoted to the rank of major and appointed commissary, serving until the end of the war. He married Miss Mattie E. Davis, oldest daughter of Williams T. Davis, president and founder of the Southern Female College, Petersburg, Va. After the war Major Shepard located in Peters¬ burg, taught in its college, joined the Washington HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 213 Street M. E. Church, and for years took an active part in all its interests, both as one of the Board of Stewards, and at one time superintendent of its Sun¬ day school. Soon after Randolph-Macon College was moved to Ashland, Va., he was elected professor of chemistry, and, with his wife, moved to the new site of the col¬ lege, where he resided till his death. Interested in civic affairs there also, he was for years mayor of Ashland, at the same time filling the offices of superintendent of Sunday school and steward of the Duncan Memorial Church—admired and loved by both citizens and students. Of a sunny tempera¬ ment, Major Shepard’s characteristic traits were per¬ fect simplicity and transparent truthfulness—a playful humor and at the same time a conscientious obedience to the conviction of his own soul and to the command¬ ments of his God. JAMES BRAXTON BLANKS*—1873 Born in the city of Petersburg January 9, 1839. He received his early' education under the “chastening rod” of “Daddy” Keiley at Anderson Seminary. His mother, Ann Elizabeth Blanks, was a member of Washington Street Church before the present build¬ ing was erected in 1842, and when the congregation worshipped in their former building on Union Street. Mr. Blanks was taken to Sunday school in early youth and has been a regular attendant for more than three quarters of a century. He became a member of the church in 1852 at the age of thirteen and has been a consistent member for seventy-one years, serving the church in various offices and being intimately asso¬ ciated with its progress and growth. Since 1872 he has served continuously as a member of the Board of Stewards. For a while he was superintendent of the 214 THE STORY OF A CHURCH Sunday school. He is at present chairman of the Board of Trustees of the church. He was one of the charter members of the Sunday School Association of the city of Petersburg, and for several years held the position of president. When a young man his religious temperament and desire to serve his fellow man caused him to enter many of the fraternal organizations, and in all of these he held positions of honor, both in the city and state councils. For twenty-five years he was Grand Secretary of the Royal Arch Masons in Virginia and Grand Recorder of the Grand Commandery Knights Templar of Virginia, both of which positions he now holds “emeritus ad vitam.” He was also Grand Sec¬ retary of the Grand Council Royal Arcanum of Vir¬ ginia for a quarter of a century. Mr. Blanks is per¬ haps the oldest affiliated Odd Fellow in Virginia, being Past Grand Master of Virginia and Past Grand Rep¬ resentative of the Sovereign Grand Lodge of America. Mr. Blanks served in the Civil War as a member of and is now a member of A. P. Hill Camp, Confed¬ erate Veterans. Mr. Blanks’ commercial life was devoted principally to banking until he was elected commissioner of the revenue of the city in 1888, from which position he re¬ tired in 1896 to devote his time to his fraternal offices. On April 4, 1860, he married Mary Jane Farley, of Martinsville, Virginia. Three children are still living, Miss Ruth White Blanks, Wallace Duncan Blanks and Mrs. R. Milford Woody, all members of Washington Street Church. GEORGE CARY STARKE, M. D.—1873-1898 George Cary Starke was born at East View, Din- widdie Co., Va., July 10, 1830. Died in Petersburg, November 20, 1898. He attended the University of HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 215 Virginia, graduated in medicine at the University of New York in 1851 and from there went to Paris, where he pursued his studies in the School of Medi¬ cine of that city. On returning to America he set¬ tled in Greensville County, Virginia, where he suc¬ cessfully practiced his profession many years. Dr. Starke was commissioned “Assistant Surgeon with the rank of Captain, in the Active Forces of the State,” May 4, 1861, by Governor John Letcher and served throughout the Civil War, being stationed at Mulberry Island, Jamestown Island and Chimborazo Hospital, Richmond, Va. In 1873 he removed from Greensville to Peters¬ burg and soon afterwards engaged in the drug busi¬ ness in which he continued until failing health neces¬ sitated his retirement in 1893. A man of unusual intelligence, of marked in¬ tegrity, an earnest Christian whose moral worth was recognized by all with whom he came in contact. JOHN R. TURNER—1873-1904 Born in Warren county, N. C., September 4, 1837; moved to Petersburg just before the Civil War; served in the Confederate army throughout the war, after¬ wards returning to Petersburg, where he resided until his death in 1904. Was consequently active in the work of Washington Street Church, especially in the Sunday school, in which he labored as teacher, assist¬ ant superintendent, and superintendent. RICHARD BEALE DAVIS—1876-1917 Richard Beale Davis was born at Hickory Ground, Norfolk County, Virginia, February 5, 1845. Died in Petersburg, Virginia, July 11, 1917. He was the 216 THE STORY OF A CHURCH son of Williams Thomas Davis and Elizabeth Tayloe Corbin Beale Davis. Was graduated from Randolph- Macon College, 1861, with degree of A. B. From 1862 to 1865 he was a member of Co. E, 12th Virginia Infantry, Mahone’s Brigade, and par¬ ticipated in all the battles in which that brigade took part, including the battle of the Crater. He proved himself a gallant soldier throughout the Civil War. In 1870 Mr. Davis received his LL. B. degree from the University of Virginia and began the practice of law in Petersburg in 1871 and continued till his death. On April 20, 1875, he married Miss Anne Warrick Hall, daughter of Rev. Charles H. Hall. Mr. Davis served Petersburg and the State of Vir¬ ginia in many political positions. He was a member of the Virginia House of Delegates 1875-7, 1902-4. City Attorney General in 1911-1914 and a member of the Legislative Committee to revise the statutes of Virginia 1902. Trustee of Randolph-Macon College since 1876. Trustee of Methodist Female Orphan Asylum of Petersburg since the Orphanage was founded. He was for many years Chairman of the Board of Stewards. He was the teacher of the Old Ship of Zion Bible Class in Washington Street Sunday School for a long number of years, and gave it his best thought and unstinted work. He was a member of the Board of Trustees of Ran¬ dolph-Macon College from 1876, and his wise counsel contributed largely to the magnificent success of the College. But it was neither as soldier nor legislator nor lawyer that Mr. Davis will be best and longest re¬ membered by the many friends that he made and HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 217 kept. His personal qualities of joyousness, of sim¬ plicity and of fidelity to his friends endeared him to all. WILLIAM PLEASANT TAYLOR—-1876-1884 William Pleasant Taylor was born in Brunswick county, Va., May 29, 1842, and died in Petersburg, Va., December 27, 1883. In 1861, at the commencement of the war he en¬ tered as a soldier in the Confederate army in an infan¬ try company from Dinwiddie and served with credit till peace was declared. Shortly after the close of the war he was employed by the Petersburg Railroad Company, first at Gaston and then at Weldon, N. C. Serving with fidelity and efficiency, he was advanced by the company and in 1872 was given a place in its office at Petersburg, Va. In 1869, under the ministry of the Rev. C. H. Hall, he professed conversion, and at once connected himself with Washington Street M. E. Church, South, in Petersburg, and in August, 1871, was appointed to teach, and placed in charge of a class of boys. From that time till his death he continued to teach and was exceptionally punctual in attendance and keenly alive to the interest of his class, as well as to that of the entire school. J. M. LEATH—1876-1886 He joined the church under the pastorate of Rev. Mr. Pearson, and was assistant superintendent of the Sunday school for several years. He was in the dry goods business on upper Sycamore Street for about eighteen years, and then moved to North Carolina, and from there to Florida, where he now lives. 218 THE STORY OF A CHURCH RICHARD A. HARRISON—1877-1917 He was born at the family homestead, “Mount Pleas¬ ant,” in Prince George county, in 1838, the son of Dr. Robert and Susan Eppes Harrison. He came to Peters¬ burg as a young man, and was a wholesale merchant for nearly sixty years. He married a daughter of B. P. Harrison, one of the early stewards of this church. He was a gallant Confederate soldier and was wounded in the defense of Petersburg on the 9th of June, 1864. He served as secretary and treasurer of the church many years. A beautiful window in the church has been placed by his widow as a memorial. E. W. BUTCHER, SR.*—1877— Born in 1850, he has spent all his life in Petersburg, a respected and honored citizen. Secretary of Peters¬ burg Savings and Trust Company, formerly Peters¬ burg Savings and Insurance Company, since 1875. Vice-president and general manager of Petersburg In¬ surance Company since July 1, 1918. United with Washington Street Church in 1870. Has been class leader, treasurer, lay leader, librarian in the Sunday school, and chairman of the Board of Stewards, which position he now holds. One of the real “pillars” of the church. CORNELIUS D. TINSLEY—1878-1913 He was born in Henrico county, Va., in 1837, and was a lumber manufacturer in Prince George county until about 1878. He then devoted his time to the HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 219 handling of his large real estate interests in the coun¬ ty, and moved to Petersburg. He was an active member of the church and highly valued for his services. N. W. NORSWORTHY—1881-1883 N. W. Norsworthy was born in Isle of Wight, March 6, 1838. He served through the war, and at the close moved to Petersburg, where he was employed with the Norfolk and Western Railroad. He never severed his connection with that road, being in their service fifty- three years. He died in Crewe, Va., in 1915, and is buried in Blandford Cemetery, Petersburg. He was a very enthusiastic Mason and Knight Templar. He always took the greatest interest in Washington Street Church and was ever punctual at the church services. LYMAN EMERY CLARKE—1881-1886 He was active in the Sunday school and church, and was for a number of years treasurer. He was a devoted and consistent member and an upright citizen. DR. HEZEKIAH GILBERT LEIGH—1881-1898 Dr. Hezekiah Gilbert Leigh was born near Boyd- ton, Mecklenburg County, at the seat of Randolph- Macon College, Virginia, March 12, 1833. He was a son of Rev. H. G. Leigh, D. D., and Mary Jane Crump. On June 30, 1859, he married Martha Alice Moody, daughter of Col. John Mason Moody, of Northampton County, N. C. Dr. Leigh received his collegiate education at Randolph-Macon whence he was graduated in 1851, with degree of Master of Arts. He held the chair of Assistant-Professor in this College until 1854. He took his degrees in Med- 220 THE STORY OF A CHURCH icine from the University of Virginia and the New York Medical College. When the war between the States began, Dr. Leigh tendered his services to the Confederate Gov¬ ernment and remained in service through the war. He was for two years first surgeon in the 6th Louisi¬ ana Regiment, Hays’ Brigade, Jackson’s corps, then of other regiments, and in 1864-5 was surgeon in charge of General Hospital at Raleigh, N. C., with rank of major. At the close of the war he returned to Petersburg where he practiced medicine for thirty-six years. In 1881 he was made a steward of this church which he served faithfully and zealously until the time of his death, October 17, 1898. Whenever you met Dr. Leigh, in whatever ca¬ pacity, whether as physician, man of affairs, steward of the church, head of his family, officer of the city government, you found a gentleman, one of nature’s noblemen. His was a busy, active, useful career, and God took him before the day of his usefulness was done. “From the activities of life he goes to the waveless calm of perfect peace.” RICHARD LANGDON KIDD—1887-1906 Richard Langdon Kidd, son of Richard L. and Susan Phipps Kidd, was born in Brunswick County, Virginia, July 22, 1845. He served in the Confed¬ erate Army during the war between the States. In 1883 he married Nettie A. Southall, daughter of William D. and Nancy Gills Southall, of Amelia County, Virginia. He was elected a steward of this church in 1887. For several years he was secretary of the Sunday School. He died August 24, 1906. His eldest son, Louis L., is now a steward of this church. HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 221 HUGH COUSINS—1887-1889 Born February 16, 1856; died August 9, 1891. Teacher in the Sunday school. At time of his death he was the general secretary of the Young Men’s Christian Association of Petersburg, Va. He left sur¬ viving him a wife and two children. “He enjoyed the confidence of the community in which he lived. No man could stand up and say that Hugh Cousins had been guilty of an unmanly or dishonorable act.” WALTER S. ALLEY—1890-1894 Walter S. Alley was born in Petersburg, Va., the eldest son of Henry T. and Alexina Frances Alley. Entered the University School, Mr. Gordon McCabe, head master, at an early age and remained until about seventeen years of age, when he entered the service of the Life Insurance Company of Virginia, Peters¬ burg, Va. The headquarters of the company were removed to Richmond, Va., and Mr. Alley remained with them several years, but returned to Petersburg in 1886 as a member of the firm of Mcllwaine & Alley, insurance agents. In 1896 Mr. Alley removed to New York City, and for the past twenty years has been identified with prominent fire insurance companies as assistant United States manager and vice-president. He was at one time treasurer of the church. WILLIAM E. RAMEY—1890-1913 Mr. Ramey was city treasurer of Petersburg for nearly eight years, and had discharged the duties of the office efficiently and satisfactorily. He was fifty- six years old, was a native of Prince George county, 222 THE STORY OF A CHURCH and for many years before election as treasurer was engaged in the mercantile business in Petersburg. Wil¬ liam E. Ramey was a native of Prince George county, and was for a long time engaged in the grocery and commission business in this city. He retired from business upon being elected city treasurer. “He was a most worthy citizen, a good man and a Christian gentleman, a devoted husband and father.” ARTHUR KYLE DAVIS-—1892-1915 Arthur Kyle Davis, President of the Southern Col¬ lege for Girls at Petersburg, Virginia, from 1883, was born in Petersburg July 16, 1867; son of Williams Thomas Davis, a former steward of Washington Street Church. Author of Virginia and the Metho¬ dists. Chairman Virginia War History Commission. Resigned to become a member of Grace Episcopal Church in 1915. WILLIAM FRANCIS DREWRY*—1894- William Francis Drewry, physician, born in South¬ ampton Co., Va., March 10, 1860. Assistant physi¬ cian, 1886-96, superintendent, 1896—, Central State Hospital, Petersburg, Va. One of organizers State Conf. Charities and State Tuberculosis Association, and president at one time; chairman of Petersburg War Commission on Law Enforcement and Moral Welfare; contract surgeon U. S. Army and psychiatrist Virginia National Guard (1917) ; president (1910) of American Medico-Psychological Association, and of the National Association Care of Epileptics, and of the Virginia Medical Association (1908). Author of pamphlets and articles on medical and sociological subjects, especially insanity, epilepsy and feeble-mindedness. HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 223 W. J. PURDY*—1895— A wholesale commission merchant and business man. Treasurer of the church for sixteen years and at this time lay leader. He married Miss Sallie Harrison, a daughter of William Thomas Harrison, and a granddaughter of B. P. Harrison, one of the former leaders of Wash¬ ington Street. A leader in church and business circles. F. 0. STRAILMAN*—1898- Vice-president and manager of the Petersburg Builders Supply Co. He takes an active interest in all business and civic matters, and is fearless and earnest in presenting his views. He has given his services to Washington Street Church in many capacities with great enthusiasm and loyalty. SAMUEL W. BOOTH*—1898— He is the son of P. H. Booth, a former steward of the church, and has faithfully served the interests of Washington Street. He was born in 1845, and has lived his life in Peters¬ burg, being engaged in the mercantile business, first with his father and then with his brother, M. M. Booth, under the name of P. H. Booth Sons. One of his daughters, Mrs. Whitworth Willson, is an active worker in the women’s activities of the church. 224 THE STORY OF A CHURCH JAMES M. TURNER*—1899— James Moore Turner was born in Greenville county, Va., and moved to Petersburg in infancy. He is engaged in the printing business, being a member of the firm of Kirkham & Co. He married Miss Sue Elizabeth Robinson, June 29, 1918. He was elected a steward during the pastorate of Rev. George Wray, and served many years as assistant treasurer. He is at present (1928) chairman of the Fuel, Light and Sexton Committee. He and his wife are both active workers in the church. WILLIAM HOWARD WILLCOX*—1899-1901-1920 William Howard Willcox, born in Petersburg, Va., February 26, 1876. Son of John T. and Laura Brooks Willcox. Married Flora Hough Devlin, of New York City. Secretary of Sunday school for many years. President of Harlow, Willcox & Co., furniture dealers. Member of City Council. He is a leading citizen of the city. THOMAS JAY BURGESS—1902-1923 Thomas Jay Burgess, dentist. Has been a mem¬ ber of Washington Street M. E. Church, South, since 1888, at which time he and his wife, who was Mary Stuart Moore, daughter of an old Methodist family, joined the Church under the ministry of Dr. Sledd. In the year 1902 he was elected a steward and also served for several years as assistant treasurer. E. H. EDMUNDS—1904-1913 Born in Brunswick, Va., 1849, lived in said county until twenty-one years of age and then went into North Carolina. HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 225 Married Miss Telia A. Barner, of Dinwiddie county, in 1875, and farmed in Dinwiddie county for several years, after which he moved to Petersburg and went to work with the Western Union Telegraph Company as foreman, which business he followed for twenty years, after which time he engaged in the grocery business in Petersburg until 1912. In 1913 he left Petersburg and moved to Halifax county, Va., and then to Norfolk, Va. JACOB SAVAGE—1904-1920 Jacob Savage, son of Benjamin and Hannah Savage, was born in West Bromwich, England, on April 4, 1853. He came to the United States in 1870. His second wife was Mary D. James, of Dinwiddie county, Va. He came to Petersburg in 1901, where he has lived since then. He was a most interested worker in the first improvements of the church, but became a mem¬ ber of Highland Church in Colonial Heights when his work was needed there. Washington Street gave of its members to this church and also presented it with its pipe organ when it installed a larger one. He was engaged in the lumber and sawmill business in Petersburg for many years, and always took an active interest in the affairs of his adopted city. WALTER ASHBROOKE WILLIAMSON*—1904— Walter Ashbrooke Williamson, son of Charles T. and Theresa J. Williamson, w T as born in Petersburg,. Virginia, March 8, 1877. He joined Washington Street Methodist Sunday School at five years of age. United with the Wash¬ ington Street M. E. Church by baptism and on pro¬ fession of faith, March 9, 1890. Was elected Super- 226 THE STORY OF A CHURCH intendent of the Sunday School November 1, 1904, which position he has held for nineteen years. He married Miss Bessie A. Cooper, adopted daugh¬ ter of H. F. Munt in 1901. No history of Washington Street Church could be complete without mention of the work done by Walter Williamson in the Sunday school. The Sunday school is more and more recognized as the fundamental work of the church, and old Washington Street owes him a debt of gratitude for the building of its membership, beginning with the children just out of their cradles, and keeping them interested in the study of the Book until they close their eyes in death. He has done and is doing a great work. M. B. COGBILL*—1907— Maclin Boisseau Cogbill, son of Peter Fitz Cogbiil, born January 28, 1872; occupation, shorthand re¬ porter. Joined Washington Street Church 1900; taught in Sunday School for many years; present assignment on Fuel and Light Committee; member of “Old Ship” Bible Class and assigned on Membership Committee. E. G. TEMPLE—1908-1917 Edward Graves Temple was born in Prince George county, Va., in 1856. He gave great promise as a youth, and developed in his mature years into a most successful business man. He is prominent in the busi¬ ness life of Petersburg. He married Miss Sue Bland, daughter of Dr. Theo- dorick Bland, of Prince George county, Va. HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 227 R. MILFORD WOODY*—1911— R. Milford Woody is the secretary and treasurer of H. P. Harrison Company, Inc., wholesale confectioners and fancy grocers. Born March 4, 1876, oldest child of Thaddeus M. and Alice Harrison Woody. Married Miss Annie Lou Blanks, daughter of James B. Blanks, a steward of this church. He is one of the most popular young business men of Petersburg and is highly regarded for his business integrity and judgment. FRANK MAY HOBBS*—1912 Frank May Hobbs, born August 29, 1870, the son of Robert Franklin Hobbs, who was born in Howard county, Md., and came to Petersburg about 1854, and of Gabriella Sturdivant, of Petersburg. Have been a member of Washington Street Sunday School since childhood, and a member of Washington Street Church about twenty-eight years. He married Annie Louise Twitty, daughter of Rev. James F. Twitty, who was a member of the Virginia M. E. Conference. President of the Charles Leonard Hardware Co., wholesale and retail hardware. He has been connected with this firm since his seventeenth year. He is promi¬ nent in the business world and holds positions of honor in various commercial organizations. STEPHEN HENLEY TURNER—1912-1914 Son of John R. Turner, a former steward; born in Petersburg, December 28, 1875. Attended Randolph- Macon College for three years. Joined Washington Street Church in 1887; member of the choir for many 223 THE STORY OF A CHURCH years; particularly interested in the Sunday school, serving as teacher and assistant superintendent. Was married in 1904 to Miss Florence H. Wilson, the church organist. Moved to Richmond in 1914 and a few years later to New York, where he now resides. EARL MONROE STOKES—1913-1915 Earl Monroe Stokes, born August 25, 1881, Jackson- boro, S. C.; educated at Carlisle Fitting School, Bam¬ berg, S. C., and Trinity College, Durham, N. C. En¬ tered the employ of the British-American Tobacco Co., Ltd., at Durham, N. C., in March, 1905, later becoming manager of the Duke-Durham Export Branch. Was transferred to Petersburg in October, 1910, as manager of the Petersburg Branch, then to Richmond in November, 1915, as manager of the Rich¬ mond Branch of the British-American Tobacco Co., Ltd. MARSHALL W. PYNE—1913-1918 Marshall W. Pyne was born at Harper’s Ferry, 1850, and he was a son of Bushrod and Adeline Pyne. His father was a successful merchant there. His mother was Miss Adeline Snook, a direct descendant of the Everhearts of Revolutionary fame. Her great¬ grandmother was Princess Marie Sabilla Keyser, con¬ nected with the reigning family of Germany. At the breaking out of the Civil War Mrs. Pyne and her fam¬ ily had to flee from Harper’s Ferry and they refugeed in Richmond. Mr. Pyne. onlv a little boy, not thirteen, secured a a position with the government and worked in the armory. In order to continue his studies he attended night school until the war closed. HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 229 When quite young, not more than twenty-one, if that, he took charge of an office in Petersburg for the Singer Company, and then had the agency here for pianos and organs, and afterward went into business for himself with a music and art store. WALTER YOUNG BURGE*—1913— Walter Young Burge, son of A. Y. and Anna C. Burge, was born in Brunswick County October 12, 1861. He lived in Blackstone for a number of years, first as clerk and then owner of a store. He was an active member of Crenshaw Methodist Church. On April 3, 1888, he married Miss Ada Helen Mc¬ Daniel and in a short time moved to Petersburg. He is the president of W. Y. Burge Co., Inc., one of the leading retail firms of the city. Soon after moving to this city he united himself with Washington Street Church, where he has given much of his time and thought to the interests of this church. He is the present treasurer. JOHN JAMES JONES*—1913— John James Jones, son of Dr. James H. and Mary Ayres Jones. Born in Brunswick county, Va., Feb¬ ruary 26, 1871. Moved to Petersburg in 1890, going into the tobacco business, which business he has fol¬ lowed continuously ever since. Connected himself with Rocky Run Methodist Church in early life, transfer¬ ring his membership to Washington Street M. E. Church after coming to Petersburg. Was made a steward in this church in 1913 by Dr. George E. Booker and later trustee, chairman of the Finance Committee, which place he has filled for twelve consecutive years. 230 THE STORY OF A CHURCH Was married in 1902 to Miss Mary Brink Worth, only daughter of Mr. and Mrs. J. B. Worth, of Peters¬ burg, Va. E. W. BUTCHER, JR.—1914-1918 Date of birth, April 23, 1876; son of E. W. and Ida Amelia Butcher. Joined the church under Dr. Bledsoe and active in church and Sunday school continuously until 1920. He is now connected with the Weisberger Company in Richmond, Va., in its accounting department, and prior to this work was with the Seward Trunk and Bag Co., of Petersburg. Married Mary E. Culbreth April 6, 1904, at Wilmington, N. C. ROBERT MATTHEW CRADDOCK—1914-1923 Robert Matthew Craddock was born at Mannsboro, Amelia county, Va., on August 14, 1855, and died in September, 1923. He was the fourth son of Daniel and Sarah Bass Craddock, and a descendant of Colonel William Craddock, who came to Virginia in Colonial days, and was granted by King George a large tract of land near Jetersville. Va. He received his early education in the county schools near his home, and after a course at Virginia Poly¬ technic Institute he came to Petersburg in 1881 and engaged in the tobacco business. He joined Washington Street Church during the pastorate of Dr. W. G. Starr. In January, 1913, he married Miss Elizabeth W. Bradbury, daughter of John W. and Annie E. P. Bradbury. Mr. Craddock’s business ability, conservatism and unflinching honesty gained for him the respect and HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 231 confidence of his business associates, and his genial disposition and warm heart endeared him to a wide circle of friends. PATRICK HENRY DREWRY*—1915— Patrick Henry Drewry, member of Congress, and lawyer, born in Petersburg, Va., May 24, 1875. Mar¬ ried Mary E. Metcalf, of Palmyra, Mo., of an old Methodist family. Has three children, the eldest be¬ ing a member of this church. He is a grandson of P. H. Booth, a former steward of Washington Street Church. Author of some monographs on historical subjects, and contributor to historical magazines. H. D. WOLFF*—1916— Herbert DeGrange Wolff, son of Rev. James H. Wolff, of the Baltimore Conference of the M. E. Church, South, was born in Springfield, W. Va., in 1876, educated at the Shenandoah Valley Academy, Winchester, Va., and at the University of Virginia, where he received the B. A. and M. A. degrees. He was instructor of Latin and Greek in Kings Mt. Mili¬ tary Academy, Yorkville, S. C., and in Milwaukee Academy, Milwaukee, Wis., was principal of high school in Berrvville, Va.. and since 1907 has been con¬ nected with the schools of Petersburg, Va., where he has been principal of the high school since 1913. He has been a member of Washington Street M. E. Church since 1907. W. W. HINES—1917-1919 W. W. Hines was born in Southampton county, Va., April 21, 1869, and came to Petersburg in 1889. After various business connections he went in the 232 THE STORY OF A CHURCH paint and oil business with W. W. Presson as a part¬ ner, January 1, 1900, under the name of W. W. Hines & Co., which business he is now operating successfully; the people having confidence in his business integrity and judgment. H. W. TALLEY*—1917- Dr. Herbert W. Talley is one of the leading dentists of the State, possessing the confidence of all. He takes great interest in the work of the church, and is active and faithful in its service. He married Miss Bessie Birdsong, who is an ardent and enthusiastic co-worker with her husband in all that pertains to the welfare of Washington Street Church. J. A. BAIRD*—1917— James Andrews Baird was born at Fort Mason, Texas, in 1874, and was reared in Asheville, N. C. His great-grandfather was the first settler to cross the mountains into North Carolina and founded the city of Asheville. He is an electrical engineer and was educated at the Universities of North Carolina and Tennessee. At present he is general manager of the Interurban Elec¬ tric Railway System of Petersburg. He married Miss Lillian Irving Longley, and with her enthusiastically aids all the undertakings of the church. R. H. MANN*—1918— Richard H. Mann was born in 1870, and has lived in this city since boyhood. Of great mental energy, HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 233 he studied and read law, while engaged in railroad work, and has risen to the top of his profession in this section of the State. He was Commonwealth’s Attorney of Petersburg for a number of years, and served as U. S. District Attorney during the period of the war with Germany. He has been active in Sunday school work, and teaches the “Old Ship of Zion” Bible Class in Wash¬ ington Street Church with great success. He is a trus¬ tee and vice-chairman of the Board of Stewards. JAMES I. JOYNER*—1918— James I. Joyner, born July 7, 1877, in Southampton county, moved to Norfolk, 1893, and entered the hard¬ ware business. Came to Petersburg in 1906, and is president of the Joyner Hardware Company, which does a large business in Petersburg and surrounding counties. He is one of Petersburg’s successful young business men. He is treasurer of Sunday school, and active in other branches of church work. HOLMES BOISSEAU*—1919- Holmes Boisseau was born November 2, 1874. Joined Washington Street Church March 23, 1890, and has served one term as secretary and two terms as presi¬ dent of the Men’s Bible Class. Now treasurer of Men’s Club. He married Miss Mary Goodwyn Gilliam. Is in the office of the Seward Trunk and Bag Co., the largest trunk manufacturing concerns in the United States. LOUIS LANGDON KIDD*—1919— Louis Langdon Kidd, son of Richard L. and Nettie A. Kidd, was born in Petersburg, Virginia, February 234 THE STORY OF A CHURCH 29, 1884. He was elected a steward of this Church in 1919, his father having been a member of the Board before him. He is vice-president of the Old Ship of Zion Bible Class and his wife, Mrs. Belle C. Kidd, is superinten¬ dent of the Primary Department of the Sunday School. He is an officer of T. F. Heath Company, a large grain concern. W. T. BAUGH*—1919— Walter Thomas Baugh was born in 1875 and has lived in this city all his life, where he has made a reputation as a good, conservative business man. He is the manager of C. C. Alley, Inc., wholesale confec¬ tioners, known throughout this section. In Peters¬ burg’s social and business activities he plays a prominent part. He joined Washington Street Church under Dr. Bledsoe and is always interested in its work. Jovial and big-hearted, no social activity of the church is complete without him. GRAY M. SMITH—1919-1921 Gray Magee Smith was born January 29, 1882, son of Dr. William A. Smith and Mary E. (King) Smith. He married Lily D. Elliott, daughter of S. S. Elliott. He is an officer and clerk of W. Y. Burge & Co., Inc., a large retail clothing business on Sycamore Street. With a forceful, attractive personality, he throws himself enthusiastically into the things in which he takes interest, and is a leader in such ac¬ tivities, both in civic and religious affairs. HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 235 J. W. FERRELL*—1920— J. W. Ferrell was born in Durham, N. C., in 1884, and married Miss Lulu Poindexter, of Rocky Mount, Va. He represented the American Tobacco Company for eight years, and then went into the real estate business for himself. He built up the Atlantic Coast Realty Company, Inc., of which he is president, and in 1916 moved the headquarters of the company from North Carolina to Petersburg, Va. This company does an extensive business and is known all over the South¬ ern States east of the Mississippi River. He is a popular and enterprising citizen, and stands high in the estimation of Petersburg’s people. He joined the church under Dr. John B. Winn, and is actively interested in its welfare. P. H. BOOTH*—1920— P. H. Booth is the grandson of P. H. Booth, for¬ merly a steward of the church from 1860 to 1896. He was born in 1878, married Miss Carrie Darden, of Southampton county, Va., and has one son. He is a member of the firm of B. D. Booth & Co., which does a large wholesale mercantile business, and is one of the leading^ young business men in Pe¬ tersburg. Although a comparatively new recruit of the church, he takes intense interest in its affairs, and is faithful and active in its work. A. W. GRAY*—1920— Ashton Wherry Gray, son of Somerville and Ida Morrison Gray, of Petersburg, Va., born in Peters¬ burg, July 19, 1877. 236 THE STORY OF A CHURCH He married on April 4, 1906, Georgiana Conway Waddill, daughter of Sherman and Sarah Atkinson Waddill, of Smithfield, Va. Became a member of Washington Street Church at age of fourteen. Both Mr. Gray and his wife can always be relied upon to do their part with zeal and loyalty for the good of the church. He is the controlling factor of the Gray Feed and Grain Co., Inc., and is a leader in business and politi¬ cal circles. Loyal to the city in which he was born, his services, in its civic affairs, are always in demand. NATHAN TOMS*—1921— Nathan Toms, born at Hertford, N. C., April 28, 1872. Graduated from University of North Carolina, 1894. Engaged in educational work in North and South Carolina from 1894 to 1912. Entered the to¬ bacco manufacturing business in 1912, and now holds the important position of general manager British- American Tobacco Co., Ltd., in Virginia. Mr. Toms has steadily risen in the affection and respect of the people of Petersburg. It has been his policy to do his utmost to benefit his adopted city, and he manifests an interest in its affairs, which has en¬ deared him to its citizens. He has shown the same energy and loyalty to his church, and his unselfish devotion is appreciated by its members. LOUIS BROWNLOW—1921-1923 Louis Brownlow, city manager; born Buffalo, Mo., Aug. 29, 1879. Reporter, editor and correspondent for various newspapers. Commissioner of District of Columbia, 1915-20. City Manager of Petersburg, Va., since 1920. Joined Washington Street Church 1920. HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 237 H. J. TUCKER*—1921— Herbert Joseph Tucker, son of Charles H. and Laura A. Tucker, was born in Petersburg, Va., July 4, 1874. Was a member of the Washington Street Sunday School from early boyhood and joined the church un¬ der Dr. Starr in 1894. Mr. Tucker is a liberal contributor and an active worker in the activities of the church. He can always be relied upon to do his part—and then, a little more than his share. The same energy and honesty and fairness and lib¬ erality in his business relations has enabled him to build up one of the largest retail and department stores in Petersburg. I. B. DAVENPORT*—1922— I. B. Davenport, son of John B. and Mary A. Dav¬ enport, was born in Goochland County, Virginia, No¬ vember 7, 1858. Married Miss Rhea Heckman, daughter of Joseph H. and Mary P. Heckman, of Richmond. A government position brought him to Petersburg in 1921, when he had his name transferred from Union Station Methodist Church, Richmond, to Washington Street Church and in October, 1922, was elected a steward of the church. In the mercantile business all his life, with the ex¬ ception of the seven or eight years he served the government. On the Finance Committee, the Reception Commit¬ tee and Building Committee of the church. Has re¬ cently opened a community bank, and holds the po¬ sition of cashier. 238 THE STORY OF A CHURCH CONCLUSION In imagination we enlarge the auditorium of Washington Street Church and there is seated a goodly throng of “those that have gone before.” In the body of the Church near the front pews are Gres- sett Davis and his good wife Martha, John Cook and his wife Ann, William Worsham and Sarah, his wife, Joseph Harding and “Sister Mary” Harding, his wife, Nathaniel and Lucy Parrott, George and Peggy Elli¬ ott, and others of that first congregation. Behind them come Nathaniel Lee, Peyton Lynch, Samuel Hart, Peter McCulloch, Beverly Drinkard, Thomas A. Stroud, G. P. Disosway, Thomas Branch, Lewis Mabry, Daniel Lyon, D‘Arcy Paul, B. P. Harrison, and their brethren with their families, come from the spirit world to attend this celebration of their beloved church. The muffled sound of drums seems to stir this spirit congregation, and there file in George B. Jones, A. B. Mahood, P. H. Booth, Wesley Grigg, John W. Bradbury, Louis L. Marks, W. A. Shepard, R. B. Davis, Richard A. Harrison, H. G. Leigh—and many others, who faced defeat like Christian soldiers and rebuilt their devastated land with religious faith. With them, but not of their time, comes Edward M. Barks¬ dale, Jr., “Killed in France” as the tablet to his mem¬ ory recites, and those other boys who received the comforts of religion in this old church and pa¬ triotically answered the call of duty on the fields of France. All of the dead—formerly living members of this church—are back again in spirit, rejoicing that th’s old church will go on forever to even greater things of service to humanity, even though its mem¬ bers must put on the shroud of immortality, and leave HISTORY OF WASHINGTON STREET CHURCH 239 behind them only their record of work done faithfully in the service of the Master. On the rostrum are John Wade, George Shadford and John King, Edward Drumgoole, William Wat- lers, and Freeborn Garrettson and James O’Kelley, his schism forgiven and forgotten, John Easter and John Lindsay, Maxey and Mead, Hume and Walker and Wright, Jesse Lee, the lovable giant, physically as well as mentally, Minton Thrift, Caleb Ball, Potts, Anderson and Cooper, Fletcher Harris and Heze- kiah Leigh, William A. Smith and David S. Doggett; Cowles and Dibrell, John E. Edwards and Charles Hall, the beloved, the Duncans, the Bishop prefer¬ ring his title as pastor on this glorious occasion, Jas. A. and William W. Riddick and Blackwell and Slecld and Bledsoe and Starr. Near Smith and Dog¬ gett, are Bishop Wilson, come again to the town he loved so well. Bishops Galloway and Pierce, Early and Andrews and Capers and Soule and Payne, their souls filled with memories of that epoch making but heart¬ breaking First Conference in old Petersburg, and Bishops McKendree and Asbury, their thoughts far back in the glorious past. One hundred and fifty years are unrolled on the screen of the mind, but the tear-dimmed eyes of emotion can yet visualize the “Theatre” on Old Street with the auditors listening to “the truth of the Gospel as far as conversion,” the church on Harrison Street yielded with patriotic unselfishness to the soldiers and the sick, the plain frame building on Market Street where many met God face to face, the old brick church on Union Street, where angel wings stirred the tense atmosphere on a momentous occasion, and now the chaste purity of this white 240 THE STORY Ob' A CHURCH and gold room in this magnificent building erected to the Glory of God. They rise and sing: and as the strains of “Praise God from whom all blessings flow,” float up to heaven, in its dying cadences, there comes forward a venerable figure with upraised hand and the Bene¬ diction falls like an unction on saved souls from the lips of “the good old man, Robert Williams”: “The Grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all now and forever. Amen.”