-t^dcw Vvi_ 
 
 ❖ 
 
 ❖ 
 
 THE WONDERFUL STORY OF 
 
 *> 
 
 Qiristian Missioos in Korea 
 
 The Results, Conditions and Outlook 
 
 ❖ 
 
 DESCRIBED BY 
 
 MISSIONARIES AND TRAVELERS 
 
 Reprinted from 
 
 THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD 
 (February and March, 1908) 
 
 ❖ 
 
 1908 
 
 Women’s Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church 
 Room 818, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York 
 
 Price, 8 Cents a Copy 
 
 
LL POATCS eN6R*6 CO., N.Y. 
 
PROTESTANT MISSION SOCIETIES AND STATIONS IN KOREA 
 
 (Correct to January, 1908) 
 
 1. PRESBYTERIAN, U. S. A.— NORTH 
 
 Seoul, Pyeng-yang, Syen-chun, Chai- 
 ryeng, Chong-ju, Tai-ku, Fusan. 
 
 2. ' PRESBYTERIAN, U. S. — SOUTH 
 
 Chun-ju, Kun-san, Kwang-ju, Mok-po. 
 
 3. PRESBYTERIAN— CANADA 
 
 Won-san (Gen-san), Ham-heung, Song- 
 chin. 
 
 4. PRESBYTERIAN— AUSTRALIA 
 
 Fusan, Chin-ju. 
 
 5. METHODIST EPISCOPAL— NORTH 
 
 Seoul, Pyeng-yang, Yang-pyen, Che- 
 mulpo, Hai-ju, Kong-ju. 
 
 6. METHODIST EPISCOPAL— SOUTH 
 
 Seoul, Won-san, Song-do (Kai-seng). 
 
 7. SOCIETY FOR THE PROPAGA- 
 TION OF THE GOSPEL 
 
 Seoul, Chemulpo, Su-won, Kwang-hwa. 
 
 8. BIBLE SOCIETIES — (American, Brit- 
 ish and Foreign, and Scotch Bible So- 
 cieties Cooperating) 
 
 Seoul. 
 
 STATIONS — With Resident Foreign Mis- 
 sionary Societies — Indicated by Num- 
 ber 
 
 Chai-ryeng. i. 
 
 Chemulpo. 5—7. 
 
 Chin-ju. 4. 
 
 Chong-ju. I. 
 
 Chun-ju. 2. 
 
 Fusan. i. — 4. 
 
 Hai-ju. 5. 
 
 ' Ham-heung. 3. 
 
 Kong-ju. 5. 
 
 Kun-san. 2. 
 
 Kwang-hwa. 7. 
 
 Kwang-ju. 2. 
 
 Mok-po. 2. 
 
 Pyeng-yang. i — 5. 
 
 Seoul. I — 5 — 6 — 7 — 8 — 9. 
 
 Song-chin. 3. 
 
 Song-do. 6. 
 
 Su-won. 7. 
 
 Syen-chun. i. 
 
 Tai-k i. 1. 
 
 Won-san. 3 — 6. 
 
 Yang-pyen. 5. 
 
 9. INTERNATIONAL Y. M. C. A. 
 
THE GRADUATION EXERCISES IN THE MISSIONARY ACADEMY OF PYENG YANG, KOREA 
 
SOME KOREAN WOMEN AND CHILDREN, SEOUL 
 
 KOREA: THE UNIQUE MISSION FIELD 
 
 BY WILLIAM T. ELLIS 
 Editorial Staff of the Philadelphia Press 
 
 Gradually the truth is sinking into 
 the consciousness of Christendom that 
 Korea is not like other mission fields, 
 and that the urgency of her claim is 
 not simply another of the vig- 
 orous appeals from foreign fields to 
 which the ears of the Churches have 
 become sadly dulled. Korea is unique 
 among mission lands to-day ; it may be 
 questioned whether her case has ever 
 had a parallel in missionary history. 
 
 My own experience has been akin 
 to that of all other travelers in the 
 East who have observed missionary 
 conditions. After a year of rather 
 thorough investigation into the mis- 
 sion work of the Orient, I have re- 
 turned an enthusiast for Korea. No 
 other work appeared to me comparable 
 with the Korean work. This is mani- 
 
 festly an extraordinary instance of the 
 special workings of a supernatural 
 Spirit. Some aspects of Korea's mis- 
 sionary history may be accounted for 
 by the sagacity and farsightedness of 
 Moffett and Lee and Gale and Under- 
 wood, those statesmanlike empire- 
 builders. Even tho they, and the like- 
 minded men and women who have 
 come after them (for the Korean mis- 
 sions, both Presbyterian and Metho- 
 dist, have an unusual personnel), be 
 credited with all that can be attributed 
 to them, there remains a great surplus 
 of marvelous achievement which can 
 be accounted for only by charging it 
 up to the still-working Spirit of the 
 Omnipotent God. 
 
 Others may go into the history of 
 Korean missions, and recite those 
 
KOREA: THE UNIQUE MISSION FIELD 
 
 moving statistics. My part is to tell 
 a plain tale of a traveler returned. 
 What I saw was learned in a sojourn 
 of about one month in the cities of 
 Fusan, Taiku, Seoul and Pyeng Yang, 
 and itinerating among the country vil- 
 lages. Considerable time was also 
 given to investigating political as well 
 as religious conditions, interviewing 
 Marquis Ito, and lesser Japanese offi- 
 cials, and the non-missionary body of 
 foreigners in Seoul. 
 
 believers. When she learned that you 
 are,, she insisted on coming back again 
 to tell you how glad she is to meet 
 you.” 
 
 This experience was frequently re- 
 peated. At the famous mid-week 
 prayer-meeting in the Central Pres- 
 byterian Church of Pyeng Yang, there 
 were twelve hundred worshippers, 
 seated' on the floor. The larger wing 
 of the building was filled with men, 
 the women* occupying the other, while 
 
 THE CHRISTIAN WORKERS TRAINING CLASS IN PYENG YANG, KOREA 
 
 This class in the Presbyterian Mission alone now numbers over 2,000 
 
 On our arrival in Seoul, we called 
 at the home of a missionary friend 
 and found there, calling at the same 
 time, an old Korean peasant woman, 
 who had walked in several miles from 
 the country to plead with the over- 
 worked missionary to come visit her vil- 
 lage. Her errand was, I fear, as fruit- 
 less, as it had been on previous occa- 
 sions. After this quaint, shining-faced 
 old figure had left the room, she re- 
 turned, our hostess explaining. “This 
 old woman asked me, when we got out 
 into the hallway, if my friends are 
 
 the boys — beautiful, olive-skinned lads 
 — who reminded one of that other 
 Oriental Boy who loved his Father’s 
 house — were crowded up in front 
 and even on the edges of the plat- 
 form. Apart altogether from its pic- 
 turesqueness in a visitor’s eyes, that 
 was the most interesting Church con- 
 gregation I ever have seen. Alert, 
 devout, radiant, they were an argu- 
 ment for “old-time religion.” 
 
 At the close of the service the men 
 
 * They had to leave their bushel-basket hats out- 
 side— which practise might profitably be adopted in 
 America. 
 
THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD 
 
 thronged to greet me, not because of 
 what I had said, but for the reason 
 that I had been introduced as a Pres- 
 byterian elder, the highest office 
 known in the native Church up to that 
 time. A Presbyterian elder is proba- 
 bly more of a personage in the eyes 
 of these sequestered, newspaperless 
 people, than many of the celebrities 
 whose names fill our public press. The 
 greeting of the Koreans is distinctive. 
 No Orientals shake hands: the Ko- 
 rean does not even shake his own 
 hands, Chinese fashion. Instead, he 
 clasps you by the wrist, the hand, the 
 arm, the shoulder, and by the pressure 
 of his fingers shows his pleasure. That 
 night so many hands were laid upon 
 me, in genuine and enthusiastic ex- 
 pression of pleasure at meeting with 
 a fellow disciple from over seas, that I 
 thought I would find bruised spots on 
 my body ! 
 
 The next morning we left Pyeng 
 Yang before daylight. The railway 
 station is built three miles from the 
 city proper. The morning was so bit- 
 terly cold that it hung icicles from the 
 men’s mustaches. Nevertheless, so 
 strong is the spirit of fraternity among 
 the Korean Christians, that nine of the 
 elders of that church were on hand at 
 the station, to bid me go on my way 
 in peace. The incident is worthy of 
 the attention of all preachers and 
 speakers who have been addressing 
 large bodies of Christians, and who 
 know what it is to sneak out of a 
 strange town, alone, unnoticed and un- 
 missed, in the cold gray dawn of the 
 day after. 
 
 Another incident shows how sim- 
 ple is the faith and fellowship of these 
 white-robed saints. To them the tie 
 of our common religion is the strong- 
 est tie of life. The mere fact that a 
 
 person is a Christian links him in vital 
 bonds to all other Christians. I was 
 going along a country road — the nar- 
 row “highway” of the Orient, which 
 illuminates the parable of the sower — 
 when I saw a young coolie coming 
 toward me bearing two eight or ten- 
 foot lengths of timber, of telegraph- 
 pole thickness : the Koreans, be it 
 known, are the most heavily laden peo- 
 ple on earth. Their burdens are ter- 
 rific. As this youth advanced, his face 
 began to break up into a smile of 
 recognition, until it was beaming radi- 
 antly. Of course I perceived that here 
 was somebody who had seen me with 
 the “moksa,” or had heard me speak 
 at the little church near by, and there- 
 fore regarded me as a sort of mission- 
 ary-in-law. So I responded with the 
 Korean word for “Peace;” and as he 
 drew nearer, he shifted his load from 
 his shoulders, squeezed my arm and 
 wished me peace. For a few minutes 
 we fellowshiped there, he not knowing 
 a word of English and I not knowing 
 six words of Korean. But I had op- 
 portunity to consider once more that 
 here again, in an overburdened Ko- 
 rean peasant’s face shone “The light 
 that never was, on land or sea” — put 
 there by the Gospel of Jesus. 
 
 These Koreans seem to have a 
 genius for* Christianity. They grasp 
 it with a comprehension, and a com- 
 prehensiveness, that amazes the mis- 
 sionary. Repeatedly I was told that 
 the New Testament passages which 
 perplexed the foreign teacher were 
 clear to his hearers. I myself could see 
 how wondrously this land, so like 
 Palestine, explains the Book. I never 
 felt so near to Bethlehem as when I 
 slept, in country Korean fashion, un- 
 der the same roof with the cattle — 
 altho in a different room. 
 
KOREA: THE UNIQUE MISSION FIELD 
 
 To a degree that is remarkable, 
 Christianity becomes a normal thing to 
 the Korean. The wholesomeness and 
 naturalness of the Korean type of re- 
 ligion are very refreshing. The con- 
 verts do not “look pious,” nor does 
 the missionary have to go around 
 nursing his dignity. That company of 
 elders who escorted me to the train at 
 Pyeng Yang were a merry, jovial, 
 whole-souled crowd ; and, while the 
 deep things were touched upon, we 
 
 lage. The missionary and myself had 
 not unpacked our luggage upon our 
 arrival at nightfall before there came 
 an appeal from a village, some ten 
 li further on, for him to go over 
 there to hold a meeting. The village 
 had never been visited by a mission- 
 ary; yet it contained a group of ten 
 believing families, evangelized by the 
 Church we were at the moment visit- 
 ing. Of course we could not go, any 
 more than we could answer the many 
 
 W. D. REYNOLDS HORACE G. UNDERWOOD JAMES S. GALE 
 
 THE BOARD OF BIBLE TRANSLATORS IN KOREA AND THEIR ASSISTANTS 
 
 also had more than one hearty laugh, 
 once, I recall, at the expense of the 
 missionary. Early one morning, while 
 itinerating, a smiling, red-coated lad 
 of twelve, whose hair hung braided 
 down his back, showed me the way 
 to where the wild geese were feeding, 
 that my borrowed gun might try to 
 earn its freightage. Two hours later 
 the boy passed a very creditable exam- 
 ination for baptism. 
 
 How the aptitude of the Christian 
 Korean for personal evangelism shows 
 itself was illustrated in that same vil- 
 
 other appeals that came to us from all 
 sides during those few days of itinera- 
 tion. In order to keep his engage- 
 ments with the Churches who had been 
 notified of his coming, the missionary 
 was unable to examine all the candi- 
 dates for baptism who awaited him at 
 every appointment. 
 
 And such examinations ! I sa'c 
 through one for several hours, having 
 questions and answers interpreted, un- 
 til the atmosphere became too thick 
 for me, and the company too numer- 
 ous — for there were more living or- 
 
THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD 
 
 g-anisms present than showed on the 
 Church rolls. Into the little room, per- 
 haps six by ten feet, there were 
 crowded (seated on the floor of 
 course), the missionary, four elders, 
 the candidate, the journalist — and the 
 others, unseen, but not unfelt. I have 
 sat in many session meetings, but 
 never have I seen such close, search- 
 ing and difficult questioning of the 
 candidates. At first, it seemed to me 
 entirely too severe, and I remonstrated 
 with the missionary ; but he knew bet- 
 ter than I, for they are determined to 
 have a pure Church in Korea, If what 
 I personally observed is typical, as I 
 have reason to believe it is, then the 
 Church in Korea has the narrowest 
 door of all the Churches in the world. 
 
 Apparently no missionaries in Korea 
 are doing evangelistic work. They 
 seem rather to be getting nervous 
 prostration trying to keep up with the 
 procession of native-made converts 
 into the Church. Every Christian be- 
 comes an evangelist. The homiletic 
 gift seems instinctive. They are “born 
 preachers.” In devotion to the Bible 
 the Korean Christians put the Churches 
 at home to blush. How they will walk 
 scores of miles to attend a Bible class 
 is part of the familiar history of this 
 romantic mission field. 
 
 The question naturally arises, what 
 is the deeper meaning of all this ! How 
 may the significance of Korea’s Chris- 
 tianity be interpreted to the West? 
 For surely God has some great design 
 in raising up, as by a miracle, this 
 wonderful Church. He has not kept 
 this nation sequestered for millenniums 
 for no purpose. First of all, it seems 
 plain that Christianity is to be the 
 
 means of preserving the identity of the 
 Korean people from extinction at the 
 hands of the Japanese. The evident 
 purpose of the latter, to wipe out the 
 Korean nation as the xVinus were wiped 
 out, is manifestly doomed to failure, 
 because in a large body of Koreans the 
 Christian religion has created a new 
 manhood. and womanhood, a new self- 
 respect, a new social consciousness, a 
 new patriotism. A score of years ago 
 Japan might have succeeded; to-day 
 she must fail. Altho now bitter is its 
 process, the ultimate outcome of the 
 Japanese regime will doubtless be ben- 
 eficial. Japan is the flail for the 
 threshing of Korea. 
 
 Even this end, great tho it be, is 
 scarcely the sufficient explanation for 
 the mighty demonstrations of the Liv- 
 ing Spirit in this one-time “hermit 
 kingdom.” The opinion of many 
 thoughtful missionaries all over the 
 Orient is that in Korea are being 
 raised up, for that inevitable day 
 which now seems nearer than many 
 have thought, when the East must evan- 
 gelize the East, a body of trained and 
 efficient and consecrated preachers of 
 the Word. The white man seems to 
 be the chosen pioneer of the kingdom 
 in these days ; but the way that he has 
 blazed must be followed in the Orient 
 by help of Oriental minds and man- 
 ners and methods, who can have the 
 most sympathetic and effective ap- 
 proach to their own neighbors. Who 
 dares to say that Korea — feeble, 
 scorned and despised Korea — is not to 
 become, in the near future, the dom- 
 inant force in the Far East, because 
 appointed to bear the message of life 
 to all these people? 
 

 MOUNTAIN VIEW OF SEOUL, KOREA 
 
THE COUNCIL OF PRESBYTERIAN MISSIONARIES IN KOREA 
 
 THE GROWTH OF THE CHURCH IN KOREA 
 
 BY REV. HORACE G. UNDERWOOD^ D. D., SEOUL, KOREA 
 
 The story of the Gospel in Korea — 
 for many years known as the “Hermit 
 Nation” — has been most fascinating. 
 Prior to the terrible persecution under 
 the Tai Wun Kun, in the middle of 
 the last century, the early history of 
 missionary progress under the Ro- 
 man Catholics reads almost like fic- 
 tion. Ballet’s History of the Korean 
 Church, and the story of the begin- 
 nings of Protestant missions in the 
 “Land of the Morning Calm” shows 
 a receptivity on the part of the Korean 
 people that should have led the church 
 in America to reinforce the work more 
 quickly and to push forward the cam- 
 paign with greater energy. 
 
 The willingness of these simple- 
 minded people to hear the story of 
 Christ, their natural hospitality and 
 the zeal with which those who have 
 become convinced of the truth of the 
 
 Gospel, have carried the good news 
 from home to home, from village to 
 village, all over the land, have pro- 
 duced marvelous results. The activ- 
 ity of the native Christians, their gen- 
 erosity in giving of their hard-earned 
 means for the spread of the Gospel 
 in their own land and even in foreign 
 lands ; their earnest trust in God, and 
 in the power of prayer, are character- 
 istics which the Church in America 
 has looked upon with wonder and ad- 
 miration. 
 
 The Koreans are said to be a phleg- 
 matic people, not given to showing 
 signs of emotion, and yet hard-work- 
 ing business men have been known to 
 weep as they heard the story of the 
 Cross and realized for the first time 
 that the blood of Jesus Christ was 
 shed for them. Here and there some 
 have been found who seemed to real- 
 
THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD 
 
 ize, in an unusual way the burden of 
 guilt and the enormity of their own 
 sins against God, the greatest of which 
 they consider their failure to acknowl- 
 edge Him, and the worship of idols. 
 But throughout all Korea there 
 seemed to be a desire on the part of 
 the native Christians and of the mis- 
 sionaries for a manifestation of the 
 presence of the Spirit with power. 
 This desire had long been in the hearts 
 of the missionaries, but as the Koreans 
 read the story of Pentecost and stud- 
 ied the Acts of the Apostles, they 
 were aroused to question whether the 
 presence of the Spirit might not be 
 manifested in Korea with power like 
 that described in the Apostolic days. 
 In one church, after an earnest dis- 
 cussion by the elder and the people, 
 they set apart a season of prayer to 
 last ten days and “to try and see” 
 whether God would grant the outpour- 
 ing of His Spirit. When the elder 
 heard their decision he told them that 
 those two words “try” and “see,” to- 
 gether with the ten day limit, were 
 sufficient to bring failure. They might 
 well have the prayer-meeting for ten 
 days, but they must not try the Lord, 
 their God. This incident shows a real 
 desire for the real outpouring of the 
 Spirit. 
 
 Early in 1906 the report spread of 
 the marvellous revival that was visit- 
 ing this little land, and it was soon 
 seen that this was not so much a re- 
 vival outside of the church, drawing 
 non-Christians, as a revival inside, 
 purifying the hearts and lives of the 
 people, making them realize better the 
 enormity of sin in God’s sight, and 
 causing them to strive even more 
 earnestly for the conversion of their 
 neighbors. While the result of this 
 revival was not, therefore, an imme- 
 diate increase in the number of the 
 
 membership of the church, it was cer- 
 tain to produce this result. 
 
 The awakening has given to Chris- 
 tians a clearer idea of God and Christ 
 and of the human heart and sin, and 
 has had a marvellous purifying effect 
 upon the whole Church. There were 
 those who scoffed, as there always will 
 be, but when to these same scoffers 
 men came, confessing wrong doing 
 and made restitution, they were forced 
 to acknowledge the reality of the 
 work. The most trusted native em- 
 ployee of a certain foreign merchant 
 had been a Christian for several years, 
 and at the tirhe of the revival was 
 led to see that he had not lived up to 
 the teachings of Christ. This man 
 went to his employer and restored al- 
 most a thousand dollars, which he said 
 he had stolen before the time of his 
 conversion. Such facts as these are 
 irrefutable. 
 
 While in most mission fields the 
 missionaries are seeking openings and 
 are pushing the work, here in Korea 
 the work has been steadily pushing the 
 missionary, until at the present time 
 it is beyond his power to control and 
 grasp it all or to take advantage of 
 the many opportunities offered. 
 
 In the Presbyterian Church alone, 
 between June, 1906, and June, 1907, 
 the communicants increased from 12,- 
 546 to 15,079; an increase of 20 per 
 cent. The adherents in 1906 num- 
 bered 44,587 and in 1907, 59,787, an 
 increase of 15,200, or 34 per cent. 
 The schools in connection with these 
 churches, which numbered 208 in 
 June, 1906, increased to 344 in June, 
 1907, during the same period, and the 
 scholars increased from 3,456 to 7,504, 
 or 72 per cent. The Church is ex- 
 tremely active so that the places of 
 regular meeting have grown from 628 
 to 767 in the one year, and the con- 
 
THE GROWTH OF THE CHURCH IN KORE/ 
 
 tributions increased from $27,418.89 
 to $40,088.48 — or nearly double. 
 
 The reports from the two Methodist 
 churches now working in Korea show 
 
 Native communicant members... 5,858 
 
 Probationers 22,595 
 
 Adherents 44,611 
 
 Churches over 400 
 
 Contributions over $12,000 
 
 Twenty years ago, (in December, 
 1887), the first communion service for 
 Koreans was administered in Seoul, 
 and all the Christians in the county 
 were present, seven in all. Last year 
 
 (1907), the sacrament was observed 
 in over one thousand churches belong- 
 ing to three denominations with 20,- 
 937 believers.* 
 
 This work, with its earnest, active 
 membership, places before the Chris- 
 tian Church in America a wonderful 
 opportunity of winning a nation for 
 Christ. 
 
 When we consider the compara- 
 tively few Christian workers in that 
 
 *It is regretable that the figures at our 
 disposal are only those of the three de- 
 nominations, and if we desire to con- 
 sider all the work in Korea, these figures 
 would be very largely increased. 
 
 land, which is about equal in area and 
 population to the states of New York 
 and Pennsylvania, we are led to think 
 of what might be done if the forces 
 there had been properly increased. 
 The attitude of the people generally 
 throughout the whole country is fav- 
 orable to the Gospel, and there is 
 placed before the American Church 
 to-day a nation that, as Mr. Mott says, 
 ‘Tan be Christianized in this genera- 
 tion, if the Church will but take ad- 
 vantage of the opportunity.’^ 
 
 In view of the great opportunity and 
 responsibility that faces the Church 
 the Presbyterian Board of Foreign 
 Missions has decided upon an unpre- 
 cedented action. The five missionaries 
 from Korea now in America are au- 
 thorized to make special efiforts to find 
 twenty new men and to raise sufficient 
 money (estimated at $229,540), to 
 properly conduct the present work. 
 The time is ripe for the winning of 
 Korea for the Kingdom of Christ. 
 The question before the Church in 
 America is “What will she do about 
 it?” 
 
 ONE OF THE NATIVE PROTESTANT COUNTRY CHURCHES IN KOREA 
 
THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD 
 
 LETTER FROM DR. SAMUEL A MOFFETT 
 
 In the Central Presbyterian Church 
 we are still struggling with the prob- 
 lem of how to accommodate the con- 
 gregation. A separate service for wo- 
 men in the morning with from 800 to 
 1,000 in attendance and a service for 
 men only in the afternoon with from 
 1,200 to 1,500 in attendance is so far 
 the only way in which to meet the 
 
 service which was held in September. 
 All four of the churches have com- 
 manding sites and are so located as 
 to touch the entire city. One more 
 church to the west is now needed to 
 relieve the congestion at the Central 
 Church. What we shall do when all 
 five of the churches are crowded we 
 do not yet know. 
 
 THE SEVEN FIRST ORDAINED KOREAN PASTORS OF THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH 
 
 situation. We must have another 
 church but the last two sent off have 
 not yet fully completed their build- 
 ings. 
 
 I was rejoiced upon my return from 
 America to find the South Gate 
 Church completed, with capacity for 
 some 750 people, the North Church 
 nearly finished, seating 450 and the 
 new or Fourth Church with its first 
 wing, capable of seating about 800 
 people, just about ready for the first 
 
 The Academy and College opened 
 with some 450 pupils enrolled and the 
 buildings are taxed to the uttermost 
 capacity. New buildings are impera- 
 tively needed. The school for wo- 
 men and girls opened also with 135 
 enrolled — everything crowded. The 
 new building for training classes and 
 girls’ school is now under way but 
 will not nearly meet the needs for 
 the developing school and so it is 
 hoped to secure another gift for the 
 
EDUCATION IN KOREA 
 
 girls' school allowing the present 
 plant to be used for the training 
 classes and other work for women 
 which under Miss Best’s direction is 
 now assuming such proportions as to 
 need all the present equipment. Last 
 year was the best. This year will cer- 
 tainly be the best. 
 
 The Korean Presbyterian Church 
 was organized on September 17, 1907, 
 in accordance with the authority given 
 by the General Assemblies of the four 
 Presbyterian churches whose missions 
 were united in the missionary council. 
 
 The Presbytery, in its first meeting 
 after the ordination of the first seven 
 ordained native clergymen, consisted 
 of 32 foreign missionaries and 40 
 Korean ministers and elders. Presby- 
 tery has ecclesiastical jurisdiction over 
 a Church with 17,890 communicants, 
 21,482 catechumens, 38 fully organ- 
 ized churches, 984 churches not all 
 fully organized, adherents numbering 
 69,098, and day schools 402, with 8,611 
 pupils under instruction. This Church 
 
 contributed for all purposes last year 
 yen 94,227 ($47,113.50). 
 
 Presbytery granted permission for 
 Mr. Kil San Chu to accept the call 
 of the Central Church, Pyeng Yang, 
 and provided for his installation. The 
 other ordained men — except one — 
 were appointed as pastors or co-pas- 
 tors over groups of churches until the 
 next meeting of Presbytery. In the case 
 of one man the Presbytery took what 
 is perhaps the most significant action 
 of its session. One of the seven men 
 ordained, Yi Ki Poung, was set aside 
 as missionary to the island of Quel- 
 part and the whole Church was asked 
 to provide the means for sending him 
 there with the Gospel. He and his 
 wife, with one or more helpers, are to 
 go to the people of that island and 
 proclaim the Gospel and establish the 
 Church. Sixteen years ago, this man 
 stoned me on the streets of Pyeng 
 Yang; now he goes forth as the first 
 missionary of the Presbyterian Church 
 of Korea. 
 
 EDUCATION IN KOREA 
 
 REV. ERNEST F. HALL 
 
 It has been said by some that the 
 Koreans do not desire a modern edu- 
 cation. So long as they remained a 
 hermit nation, with no wish to min- 
 gle in the afifairs of the great world 
 outside, such a statement might have 
 some degree of truth, for hermit na- 
 tions and hermit individuals lack the 
 stimulus to educational progress. But 
 that condition is now out of date, as 
 the following facts clearly prove. 
 
 The progress of Christianity and the 
 rapid development of the native 
 church, demanding trained leaders, 
 
 has been an important factor in awak- 
 ening the desire for up-to-date schools, 
 and it is no wonder that wherever a 
 church is planted there follows the 
 school. The people are awake from 
 their sleep of centuries, and realize 
 that if they are to take their rightful 
 place in the world’s activities they 
 must be trained to respond to new 
 demands. The Chinese classics do not 
 satisfy the cravings of the soul, nor 
 do they give equipment for the bus- 
 iness that the nation must perform. 
 Fathers and mothers are asking for 
 
THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD 
 
 their children what was denied them, 
 and they are making noble sacrifices 
 to that end. 
 
 Political changes in recent years 
 which have resulted in wresting from 
 Korea her independence, have also 
 made her realize that ^‘Knowledge is 
 power,” and that she has lacked the 
 knowledge of the things which has 
 given to other nations the might to 
 
 knowledge of several thousand Chi- 
 nese characters and the study of the 
 teachings of Confucius and Mencius. 
 For twenty years the Emperor has 
 patronized a school in Seoul conducted 
 after modern methods by American 
 and English teachers, but no effort 
 had been made to give Korean youth 
 in general a thorough education until 
 mission work developed in that line. 
 
 A CLASS IN THE PRIMARY SCHOOL FOR BOYS, SYEN CHUN, KOREA 
 
 humiliate her before the world. Hence 
 it results that “righteousness, which 
 exalteth a nation,” and which has 
 been at work within, and ambitious 
 conquest, which has been at work 
 from without, have combined to 
 arouse the Koreans to an intense de- 
 termination that they shall know what 
 the great nations know. 
 
 Not until the present century has 
 there developed any modern school 
 system in Korea. The Koreans have 
 been imitators of the Chinese, and 
 adopted their educational methods, 
 which consisted in the acquiring of a 
 
 It must not be inferred, however, 
 that the study of Chinese characters 
 and classics does not educate. While 
 it does not give the varied information 
 that can be obtained in Western 
 schools, the mental discipline which 
 results in’ developing the memory and 
 concentration of thought is a valuable 
 educational process, and prepares the 
 mind by exercising the faculties which 
 must be developed in order to receive 
 and utilize information. There is a 
 large class of men in Korea who have 
 been thus developed mentally, and 
 who are keen to make use of all kinds 
 
EDUCATION IN KOREA 
 
 of knowledge. Thus it will be seen 
 that the native schools have kept the 
 Korean mind alert, and we have not 
 to deal with a people unaccustomed 
 to thinking. 
 
 “Schools are mostly in the elemen- 
 tary stage. The demand for education 
 is coming.” These words, taken from 
 the report of the Presbyterian Mission 
 in Korea in 1900, are interesting when 
 
 PART OF THE GIRLS' SCHOOL AT SYEN CHUN, KOREA 
 
 of an academy for boys at Pyeng 
 Yang” has become a full-fledged acad- 
 emy with 355 students. The princi- 
 pal said last spring, that if there were 
 sufficient teachers and equipment they 
 could easily have a thousand students, 
 for a great many are refused admit- 
 tance because they can not be cared 
 for. 
 
 In 1902, the mission schools num- 
 
 viewed in connection with the report 
 which has recently come to hand con- 
 cerning the work of the past years, 
 which shows that the same mission 
 now has 344 primary schools with an 
 attendance of 6,099 boys and 1,083 
 girls. The report of 1900 said, “There 
 is a small boarding school for girls 
 at Seoul, and the nucleus of an acad- 
 emy for boys at Pyeng Yang.” The 
 report of 1907 shows that the mission 
 conducts 13 boarding and high schools, 
 where 603 young men and 146 young 
 women are studying. The “nucleus 
 
 bered 66, and the students 1,082. 
 There was a rapid increase each year 
 for the next four years, when, in 1906, 
 the schools numbered 208, and the stu- 
 dents, 4,356. During the past year 
 the increase has been phenomenal, the 
 number of schools increasing by 136, 
 or 65 per cent, and the number of stu- 
 dents increasing by 3,148, or 72 per 
 cent, making the total number of pri- 
 mary schools 344, high schools 13, and 
 the total number of students 7,504. 
 In addition to this 1 5 young men have 
 been pursuing college studies and 72 
 
THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD 
 
 have attended the theological school. 
 The latest figures of the other missions 
 have not come to hand, but they will 
 considerably swell the total educational 
 statistics. These figures themselves 
 prove conclusively that the Koreans do 
 want an education. 
 
 The intensity of their desire is 
 shown by their willingness to pay out 
 of their poverty for educational privi- 
 leges. Of the 344 primary schools 
 above mentioned, the natives entirely 
 support 344, providing buildings, pay- 
 ing teachers’ salaries and all running 
 expenses. The following incident 
 which occurred in the Central Church 
 in Pyeng Yang, June 26, 1906, still 
 further illustrates the determination of 
 the people, for the contributions were 
 made by the Koreans. “After pre- 
 senting the needs of and plant for a 
 college, a collection was taken. It 
 was the most enthusiastic offering 
 ever witnessed in this city. Deeds of 
 lands and houses, offerings of money 
 and rings, and promises to pay speci-. 
 fied sums each year for a period or 
 for life, all followed one another in 
 rapid succession for three hours, re- 
 sulting in a total offering of more than 
 $2,000.” 
 
 It has been the policy of the mis- 
 sion to give a Christian education, 
 hence the study of the Bible is one 
 of the required subjects in all the 
 schools, and the educational system 
 also includes Bible institutes for the 
 church in general, and training classes 
 for leaders along lines of practical 
 church work. Yet it is not intended 
 
 to confine the training to such sub- 
 jects, but to give a broad training such 
 as will fit men and women for every 
 walk of life. The curricula include 
 the study of Chinese, which is the 
 official written language of China, 
 Korea and Japan, the Japanese lan- 
 guage, and English in some of the 
 schools. Other modern and ancient 
 languages are not needed at present. 
 The hospitals have young men and 
 young women in training for physi- 
 cians and nurses, who have already 
 proven their ability in these lines, even 
 to the successful performing of sur- 
 gical operations. Industrial training 
 is an important factor in our acade- 
 mies, and it is hoped soon to begin 
 experimental farming, while a school 
 for the blind, model Korean homes 
 and normal institutes for teachers give 
 some idea of the comprehensive scope 
 of the training. 
 
 Enough progress has been made to 
 show that the Koreans have great ca- 
 pacity as students along all lines, and 
 the experimental stage is passed. The 
 Koreans should be judged by the same 
 standard by which America wishes to 
 be judged — its citizens of intelligence 
 and moral force, not its coolies and 
 vagabonds. They have capacity, let 
 us give them our support. Although 
 they are doing nobly to help them- 
 selves, they are poor and need friends 
 to assist them. Will not some who 
 read these pages respond at once to 
 help maintain Korea’s higher institu- 
 tions of learning, and thus let her 
 enter into our heritage ? 
 
THE DOCTOR IN KOREA 
 
 A. M. SHARROCKS^ M. D. 
 
 The first Protestant missionary to 
 Korea was a physician, and from that 
 day to this the medical arm of the 
 work has been strong. It is less true 
 of Korea than of some countries that 
 medicine is needed to pave the way for 
 
 for a short time. She heard the Gos- 
 pel, was imprest, bought a New 
 Testament and went to her home. 
 She learned to read (as all new be- 
 lievers do) and then poured over her 
 newly acquired treasure. She called 
 
 THE SEVERANCE MISSION HOSPITAL, SEOUL, KOREA 
 
 the evang’elist, for the Koreans accept 
 the Gospel readily, and any and all 
 missionaries have abundant entree to 
 every class of people. It is true, how- 
 ever, that the medical work has been 
 and still is a very powerful agency for 
 the conversion of the people. In my 
 own practise I know of large numbers 
 of direct results, and not a few who 
 getting their first knowledge of the 
 Gospel at the hospital have gone back 
 to their country homes and have been 
 the means of starting work in those 
 places. A definite case of this sort 
 was brought to my notice by a mis- 
 sionary from another station. A wo- 
 man of his territory, living in a 
 heathen village, was in our hospital 
 
 in her neighbors and according to her 
 own dim understanding explained it. 
 Soon there was a group of them meet- 
 ing every Sunday for study and 
 prayer, and when the missionary was 
 passing through that region they asked 
 him to enroll them as Christians. 
 There is now a flourishing little 
 church there. So far as the actual 
 conversion of the heathen is concerned 
 I believe the medical worker in Korea 
 is as potent a factor as the clerical, 
 for the latter’s time is now mainly 
 taken up with the already converted, 
 administering to the churches, while 
 the doctor still deals hand to hand 
 with the raw heathen. There are, too, 
 other reasons why the doctor is more 
 
THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD 
 
 than an ornament to the mission. He 
 is a necessity in each station to the 
 life and welfare of our missionaries. 
 The Korea mission has never be- 
 lieved in the small one-man station. 
 From two or three to eight or nine 
 families constitute a station. These 
 are a valuable asset of the Board and 
 for their care a doctor should always 
 be one member of the group. As the 
 work grows new stations are opened 
 and so new doctors become a necessity, 
 but while he is needed for the sake of 
 the missionaries, that is by no means 
 a large part of his work. In each 
 station there is a hospital for the treat- 
 ment of Koreans. In one of these 
 hospitals the number of treatments re- 
 ported last year was 21,581, in an- 
 other, 12,730, in another, 10,143, and 
 so on. In all six of our institutions 
 a little over 60,000 for the year. 
 
 Korea is a country with no knowl- 
 edge of Western medicine and sur- 
 gery. It is small wonder that when 
 doctors from America first went there 
 the people expected little from them, 
 but still less wonder that having 
 learned what the American can do, 
 they are crowding the hospitals and 
 dispensaries. According to their ap- 
 proved methods a broken bone or dis- 
 located joint is treated by sticking long 
 needles similar to hat pins into the un- 
 fortunate part ; indigestion or con- 
 sumption, by placing little pyramids of 
 dried, powdered herbs on the skin 
 over the affected part, ignite it, and 
 grin and bear it, while it slowly burns 
 away ; or certain other affections, by 
 wrapping the naked patient in the skin 
 of a calf or dog still warm and drip- 
 ping from the body of its first owner. 
 To sum up, the medical and surgical 
 treatment of the native doctor is of- 
 times worse than the condition treated. 
 
 One would wonder why a patient would 
 submit to such barbarous treatment. 
 I wonder myself and yet, my friend, 
 what would you do if you knew no 
 better and had no one to whom you 
 could go with your trouble. Pain is 
 a dreadful thing ; fear of death is bad, 
 but absolute suffering and the thought 
 of continuing in the same for a long 
 period with no relief is something we 
 of America know little of. There is 
 no decent treatment in Korea, or was 
 none till a few Americans went there. 
 So what was the sufferer to do ? The 
 native doctor promises help, acquaint- 
 ances who have recovered perhaps in 
 spite of treatment in years past, urge 
 him to take it. The pain drives him 
 to it, and thus it goes. 
 
 It is hard for us to imagine the 
 ignorance of the common Korean on 
 matters that pertain to anatomy, phy- 
 siology, hygiene, etc. He is not igno- 
 rant along all lines for Korea has a 
 system of learning and according to 
 their own standards there aVe thd'se 
 who are called scholars, but medical 
 knowledge is not in their system. Nor 
 is the so-called doctor an exception. 
 He knows the exact spot to strike a 
 surface artery when he wants to bleed 
 a person, or the exact spot where a 
 needle may be inserted into a joint, 
 but why the blood he is letting comes 
 out in spurts, or what the joint looks 
 like inside he does not know. Post- 
 mortem examination or the dissection 
 of the human body has never been 
 thought of and would not be tolerated ; 
 so how could they know. A comment 
 on the style of education of their doc- 
 tors may be most forcibly made by re- 
 lating what came under my own notice 
 only a short time ago. A woman was 
 in terrible suffering and in a condition 
 that would probably soon prove fatal 
 
THE DOCTOR IN KOREA 
 
 Two or three Korean doctors were 
 called in, among them one whose fame 
 had spread far and wide and who was 
 looked upon as great in the profes- 
 sion. Still the woman grew worse 
 rather than better. They sent for me, 
 but as I rarely go out to cases in the 
 country, I sent one of my assistants, 
 a young Korean. He went, understood 
 the case at once, and' did what was 
 
 reans in Christian philanthropy. The 
 hospitals are almost self-supporting, 
 which means that the patients pay for 
 their medicine, etc., but they know that 
 we are not there for money gain. The 
 poor are always treated although they 
 may not pay a penny, not only treated, 
 but frequently fed and clothed as well. 
 From the side of philanthropy alone, 
 medical missions in a foreign country, 
 
 MEDICAL STUDENTS IN THE MISSION AT SYEN CHUN, KOREA 
 
 needed to the entire satisfaction of the 
 whole household, and saved the patient. 
 The next morning he encountered this 
 old doctor of local fame walking up 
 and down the yard, saying, “What 
 does that young snip of a fellow know 
 about medicine, anyway! I prayed to 
 the gods from the top of every moun- 
 tain around here, and can it be that 
 he has learned more in these few 
 years from that foreigner than I have 
 through a long life from all the gods?” 
 And he went away in a rage. 
 
 The medical man in Korea is a most 
 impressive object lesson to the Ko- 
 
 where the modern theory of medical 
 practise is unknown is most commend- 
 able. Remembering with that the ex- 
 ample of our Savior, his teaching, to 
 say nothing of his command as he 
 commissioned the Twelve, saying, 
 “Go, preach, teach, saying, ‘The King- 
 dom of Heaven is at hand,’ heal the 
 sick,” etc. Medical missions rest on 
 no uncertain foundation. 
 
 Caring for the missionaries, winning 
 friends among the natives and heal- 
 ing their many diseases are not the 
 only duties of the doctor in Korea. 
 We are ambitious to have our work 
 
THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD 
 
 live after we pass away. No branch 
 of our mission work in Korea is copy- 
 righted. The clerical worker is rais- 
 ing up a native ministry to replace 
 himself. The educator is educating 
 those who will make our future facul- 
 ties. So is the doctor training those 
 who will be the future practitioners of 
 Korea. We each have a class of the 
 brightest and best of the young men 
 available who are serving their ap- 
 prenticeship under us. In my own dis- 
 pensary I have nine, all of whom are 
 not only Christians, but come from 
 Christian families. They are well-to- 
 do and that is a requirement for they 
 must be at their own expense, and not 
 subject to the temptation to make their 
 own living at the expense of the drugs 
 round about them. They are also 
 good students and quick of mind. 
 Many of them have been with me now 
 
 for some time and are a very valuable 
 element in the work. Without their 
 help the treating of so many patients 
 would be an impossibility. What the 
 training of these Korean doctors will 
 mean to the future Korea can hardly 
 be over estimated. 
 
 This is the work of your doctors in 
 Korea. Our mission is in sore need 
 of two more such men and two medi- 
 cal plants, one at Chong Ju, where 
 missionaries have already entered and 
 where a separate station will be opened 
 next fall, and one at Kang Kei, where 
 the work simply demands the opening 
 of a station as soon as the men can 
 be assigned to that territory. The mis- 
 sion can do nothing without the 
 money. The Board can not grant the 
 appropriation unless it receives the 
 necessary gifts. What will the Ameri- 
 can Christians do to supply the funds ? 
 
 A TRAVELER’S IMPRESSIONS OF KOREAN MISSIONS 
 
 BY REV. J. E. KITTRIDGE, D. D. 
 
 The quaint land of Korea made a 
 distinct and dazzling impression on us 
 during our brief visit. The land and 
 people are of absorbing interest. Less 
 picturesque than Japan, less massive 
 than China, it is in a way more attrac- 
 tive than either. 
 
 In area and population, Korea is 
 about equal to New York and New 
 England, omitting Maine. Its range 
 of climate, as of latitude, is about the 
 same as that of our American coast 
 line from Boston to Charleston. The 
 Korean folk, too, seem a trifle more 
 like ourselves than Chinese or Nip- 
 ponese. We seem to understand them 
 more easily than we understand their 
 neighbors, and learn to sympathize 
 with them more quickly. 
 
 The first impression that Korean 
 missions made upon us was that of 
 a phenomenal success. Think of it. 
 You are invited to the regular 
 Wednesday evening prayer-meeting of 
 the Pyeng Yang Central Presbyterian 
 Church and find yourself face to face 
 with a congregation of over eleven 
 hundred eager men and women ! This 
 is the ordinary attendance, and there 
 are four other prayer-meetings going 
 on at the same hour, so that the total 
 attendance is about thirty-five hun- 
 dred. Such a scene as that would 
 thrill a Christian anywhere. We quite 
 appreciated the feelings of Mrs. Dar- 
 win R. James who wrote home : “I think 
 I was never quite so near heaven before 
 in my life.” This is in Pyeng Yang, a 
 
A TRAVELER’S IMPRESSIONS OF KOREAN MISSIONS 
 
 city of less than sixty thousand, where 
 eleven years ago there was not one 
 Christian — now there are seven thou- 
 sand. Korea has only a little over 
 two decades of mission history and 
 yet to-day her Protestant Christians 
 number nearly 1 50,000. The progress 
 has been wonderfully rapid, especially 
 in the past three years. In the Pres- 
 byterian church last year there was an 
 advance of fifty per cent in the church 
 membership. 
 
 A second impression is the solid 
 basis of the work. This is not a mer- 
 curial people. Their mental caliber 
 and stamina rank high, and there ap- 
 pears a surprising aptitude and sus- 
 ceptibility for Christianity. The Gos- 
 pel appeals peculiarly to the Korean. 
 His sense of personal sinfulness and 
 need is real and deep. The change 
 brought about by conversion is not 
 in dress, nor in the structure of the 
 house, nor in the ordinary habits of 
 his life, but in the man. The condi- 
 tions of church membership test the 
 reality of his faith and purpose for 
 to be a Christian in Korea means bus- 
 iness, the business of life. It means 
 the giving of time and strength and 
 money for the work of Christ. Some- 
 times a Korean gives a full third of 
 his income. Every man is practically 
 a missionary. There is something so 
 delightfully natural, too, about the 
 Christian life in Korea. It takes one 
 refreshingly back to the apostolic 
 days. A gladder type of Christianity, 
 or Christian services more songful, 
 can scarcely be found anywhere else in 
 the world. 
 
 There is splendid promise for the 
 future. There ought to be, and why 
 should there not be, a continuous and 
 steadily broadening spiritual life ? The 
 Korean Church ought to grow with 
 
 rapidity, and in an ever-increasing 
 progression. Nor is there need to an- 
 ticipate any considerable reaction such 
 as occurred in the nineties in Japan. 
 The times, the conditions, the spirit 
 of the people are altogether different. 
 With the principle : “every man a mis- 
 sionary,” and with the particular kin- 
 ship of the peoples and tongues 
 between the Korean and Chinese, 
 this people may come to be a 
 mighty factor in the evangelization of 
 the vast Empire of China. As one 
 veteran missionary recently said : — 
 “Without doubt God means to use 
 this little nation in a wonderful way.” 
 
 The urgency of the present hour 
 mightily moves us. The entire East 
 is astir. Erom the inland sea of Eu- 
 rope to the inland sea of Japan there 
 is a tremendous seething of thought, 
 a very revolution of ideas. This is 
 portentous, as it is promising. The 
 world has seen no hour quite like it. 
 It challenges the Christian Church. 
 The Church of Christ must answer. 
 And if there be any mission field in 
 the world that supremely calls for in- 
 stant and open-handed help it is Ko- 
 rea. The work crowds the workers 
 until they are almost overwhelmed. 
 It is flood-tide, and should be taken 
 at the flood. Postponement spells 
 peril. The moment for Korea is 
 NOW. 
 
 The specific and immediate needs, 
 which imprest us were : a fresh force 
 of missionaries, say twenty or more ; 
 good houses to shelter them ; and 
 equipment for higher educational in- 
 stitutions. Men are needed to super- 
 intend the evangelistic work, which 
 the native pastors are doing now, and 
 can do better than we. Collegiate and 
 theological schools are necessary, di- 
 rected by trained men. 
 
HOME KOREAN HCHOOL CHI LDREN— READY TO BE TRAINED P"OR GOD OR THE DEVIL 
 
WHEN I WENT TO CHURCH IN KOREA* 
 
 BY CAMERON JOHNSON, OF JAPAN 
 
 At the beginning- of the hot season 
 of 1901 I went for a fortnight to the 
 old northern capital of Pyeng Yang 
 to see something of the mission work 
 in that part of the peninsula, and the 
 memory of that visit remains as one 
 of the oases in my missionary rambles 
 about the world. As we set out that 
 hot Sabbath morning we soon caught 
 sight of a large building which at a 
 distance looked like the residence of 
 the chief magistrate of the city; so 
 large it was and so well located. This, 
 my missionary friend told me, was the 
 Central Presbyterian Church of Pyeng 
 Yang. We arrived a little before the 
 service was due to begin. The build- 
 ing was already well-filled and wor- 
 shipers were still coming from all di- 
 rections. As they entered the build- 
 ing they left their sandals at the doors 
 and quietly seated themselves in long 
 rows on the clean and polished oil- 
 paper floor. Their demeanor showed 
 that they regarded the building as the 
 house of God and that He was pres- 
 ent. As soon as each man or woman 
 found a place to sit, the head was 
 bowed for a moment in silent prayer. 
 There was no talking, or even whis- 
 pering, for they had come to worship 
 God not to visit their neighbors. 
 
 The service began with the Doxo- 
 logy in which all the great congrega- 
 tion joined heartily. After the invo- 
 cation the missionary announced the 
 Scripture portion to be read, and each 
 one drew from under the arm, or 
 from the long flowing sleeve, a copy 
 of God’s Word, found the place, and 
 all followed the reading with closest 
 attention and interest ; and when the 
 minister paused to emphasize or ex- 
 
 plain a part of what he was reading, 
 some of the listeners would make mar- 
 ginal notes for future reference. Each 
 worshiper came provided with a copy 
 of the Bible and used it. 
 
 A song was next announced and a 
 big missionary stood forth with baton 
 in hand to lead, while another sat at 
 the little organ. The Koreans are not 
 noted for their musical ability, from 
 a Western point of view, and many of 
 them having become Christians after 
 reaching years of maturity have never 
 had the training necessary to make 
 good singers. This lack does not em- 
 barrass them in the least, and those 
 who can not sing melodiously at least 
 join heartily and intelligently, for each 
 man and woman is careful to find the 
 hymn and read it out lustily, if not 
 melodiously. The precentor starts the 
 tune, but immediately the great throng 
 of music-loving Koreans took up the 
 song on their own account and, like 
 the Israelites of old, every one “did 
 what was right in his own eyes.” The 
 precentor, big, strong missionary man 
 tho he was, was quickly drowned 
 out, while the vast throng carried the 
 hymn to a happy conclusion. It was 
 wonderful ; and one gazed toward the 
 roof to see how it was that it did not 
 lift and float away. The great volume 
 of praise that ascended Heavenward 
 from the lungs and the hearts of those 
 glad Korean Christians was inspiring 
 if not melodious as they endeavored to 
 sing 
 
 All hail the power of Jesus' name; 
 
 Let angels prostrate fall; 
 
 Bring forth the royal diadem 
 
 And crown Him Lord of all. 
 
 It cheered the heart and made one 
 
 * See frontispiece also 
 
THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD 
 
 feel that these people loved and re- 
 vered that Name which they praised 
 so vociferously. Their song was evi- 
 dently unto the Lord and not unto 
 men. 
 
 When the minister announced his 
 text, instantly every Bible was opened 
 and the text found and marked. Then 
 the books were closed and the atten- 
 tion of the people was riveted upon 
 the speaker from start to finish. 
 Tho the speaker that morning was 
 not prest for time and gave them 
 a long sermon, no watch was 
 
 pulled out to time him, or were there 
 any anxious looks that betrayed ner- 
 vous apprehension as to “how much 
 longer he would continue.” These 
 Koreans have not yet learned that a 
 sermon must not exceed thirty minutes 
 in length. When the service came to 
 a close, and the benediction pro- 
 nounced, each head remained bowed in 
 silent prayer for a blessing upon the 
 preached w'ord and then that multitude 
 went out in a quiet and orderly man- 
 ner. 
 
 Some noticed that there was a visit- 
 ing stranger on the platform that day 
 and they must needs come and give 
 him a greeting, so a little company 
 with their simple, honest faces came 
 to the platform and, one of them as 
 spokesman greeted the visitor in a 
 very beautiful and touching way. He 
 knew no English and the writer’s 
 knowledge of Korean was only suf- 
 ficient to catch his meaning. Wdth the 
 forefinger of his right hand he first 
 touched his own heart, and then the 
 writer’s, and pointing upward, said in 
 Korean: “LTanare keisin ouri Abaji.” 
 “Our Father which art in Heaven,” 
 meaning to indicate that the fact of 
 one Heavenly Father was sufficient to 
 make us all members of His family on 
 
 earth and brethren in Christ the Lord. 
 May those Korean brothers ever re- 
 main simple in their Christian love an-J 
 life and never grow wise enough to 
 forget to greet the visiting stranger. 
 
 As we wended our way homeward 
 I asked my missionary friend why 
 there was such a large gathering ol 
 people at the service that morning, and 
 what was the special occasion, as the 
 day was hot and the distances for 
 some of them, at least, must have been 
 considerable. He replied that it was 
 only the ordinary congregation, only 
 not as large as usual owing to the 
 heat, as there were only about i,200 
 present that morning ! In cooler 
 weather when the house is packed they 
 sometimes have as many as seventeen 
 hundred ! They are all the year round 
 church-goers. 
 
 That afternoon I attended a Wo- 
 man's Bible Class conducted by one 
 of the ladies of the Presbyterian mis- 
 sion. The room in the neat little Ko- 
 rean house with its whitewashed 
 walls, and polished paper floor was 
 quite full and each woman took a great 
 interest in the Bible study. At the 
 close the lady in charge said that there 
 were about a hundred present and that 
 it was one of four simultaneous classes 
 held in different parts of the city that 
 afternoon. Think of it ! A few years 
 before there was not a Christian Ko- 
 rean woman in that town. 
 
 The next Sabbath I went to the 
 Alethodist church and discovered that 
 the congregation was composed en- 
 tirely of men. The reason is that the 
 building is too small to accommodate 
 all at the same time, so the men come 
 in the morning and the women in the 
 afternoon. 
 
 This was seven years ago in the city 
 which was one of the most exclusive, 
 
THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD 
 
 proudest and wickedest in all Korea. 
 It had a name throughout the land for 
 its wicked men and its abandoned wo- 
 men, and nowadays it is one of the 
 object lessons in modern missions. To- 
 day it has four large churches, be- 
 sides other preaching centers, and out 
 of a total population of thirteen thou- 
 sand the average weekly attendance at 
 
 PRACTICAL RESULTS 
 
 BY DR. J. D. 
 
 Five weeks recently spent in Korea 
 offered an opportunity to see and hear 
 something of the wonderful work 
 which is there in progress. Thirty 
 years ago Korea was a closed land. 
 It was death to set foot in it. North 
 Korea was a great bandit region, 
 largely given up to plunder. There 
 still remain old castles of refuge on 
 the hills among the mountains to 
 which the people fled for refuge. 
 
 Fifteen years ago there was not a 
 Christian in North Korea. There are 
 now about one thousand churches and 
 preaching places in North Korea and 
 hundreds of church buildings have 
 been erected by the Korean Christians. 
 A majority of the people in North 
 Korea are within three miles of a 
 church or preaching place. This work 
 has been self-supporting from the be- 
 ginning. Every Christian has been 
 made to feel that it is his duty to bear 
 witness to others, to teach and lead 
 others to Christ. Last winter over 
 one thousand men were gathered into 
 Pyeng Yang from the country, some 
 of them coming more than one hun- 
 dred miles, where they studied the Bi- 
 ble with the missionaries and received 
 instruction in Christianity and Chris- 
 tian work for fifteen days. Five hun- 
 
 mid-week prayer-meeting is three 
 thousand, or nearly twenty-five per 
 cent. Is there any city or town of 
 that size in civilized Christendom that 
 can show such a record? Truly after 
 a visit to such a mission-field as Ko- 
 rea, and to such a mission point as 
 Pyeng Yang, one can only marvel and 
 exclaim : “What hath God wrought \” 
 
 IN KOREAN MISSIONS 
 
 DAVIS, KYOTO 
 
 dred women came in at a different 
 time for similar study and training for 
 fifteen days, and then these men and 
 women went back into the country to 
 engage in active work in teaching and 
 bearing witness to the truth. Eight 
 hundred men and three hundred wo- 
 men, from the churches in the city, 
 met for fifteen days of study and train- 
 ing. Besides these, a Bible Institute 
 for men was held in the spring, with 
 an attendance of three hundred and 
 one for women with an attendance of 
 one hundred. These were made up of 
 regular evangelists and workers. 
 There are about five hundred evangel- 
 ists and workers in North Korea en- 
 tirely supported by Korean money. 
 These elders, evangelists, and Bible 
 women had classes for Biblical and 
 Christian instruction last year in 252 
 places in North Korea with an at- 
 tendance of over 12,000. The church 
 members who can not give money, and 
 many who can give money, give their 
 time and go into the towns and vil- 
 lages around the places where they 
 dwell, and tell the Gospel story to 
 those who have not yet heard. 
 
 The Central Presbyterian Church in 
 Pyeng Yang, altho seating fifteen hun- 
 dred people, has swarmed three times. 
 
THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD 
 
 to get room in the building. They 
 have formed the North, South and 
 East churches and put up large build- 
 ings, but that Central church is now 
 so crowded that the women meet in 
 the morning, and the men in the after- 
 noon, each Sabbath, and the church is 
 full each time. It is filled again at 
 the weekly prayer meeting every 
 Thursday evening. 
 
 The church members in the city are 
 divided into groups, each in charge of 
 an elder, and each group is divided 
 into bands of about ten each with a 
 band leader. The houses in the city 
 are all apportioned, about fifty houses 
 to each band, and are divided into 
 groups of seven or eight houses each, 
 and some one is assigned to visit reg- 
 ularly each group of houses and read 
 the Bible, and pray with the inmates. 
 These workers meet together for 
 prayers before they start out, and they 
 have frequent meetings for reports. 
 
 The Presbyterian Mission in Pyeng 
 Yang has a Theological school with 
 seventy-five students, who study three 
 months each year and go out to work 
 during nine months. There is a union 
 Methodist and Presbyterian academy 
 and college in Pyeng Yang with about 
 thirty collegiate and three hundred 
 academic students. This school has a 
 manual training department connected 
 with it. 
 
 There is a largely attended woman’s 
 training school in the city, with two 
 sessions a week from October to May. 
 There was a Normal training class for 
 female teachers last year in May, with 
 an attendance of eighty-seven, and one 
 for male teachers in July with an at- 
 tendance of two hundred and two. 
 
 There are about four hundred and 
 fifty primary graded schools in op- 
 eration connected with the churches 
 
 in Korea, with a six years course of 
 study. There were 9,717 pupils in 
 these schools last year, about 2,000 of 
 whom were girls. There are eleven in- 
 termediate schools or academies for 
 young men with a three years’ course 
 of study and an attendance last year 
 of 1,266, mostly graduates of the pri- 
 mary schools. There are nine similar 
 schools for young women, with five 
 hundred students, and their number is 
 rapidly increasing. There are Nor- 
 mal classes where five hundred men 
 and women are helped to prepare for 
 teaching. There are day-schools and 
 night-classes where thousands of men 
 and women are being taught to read. 
 There are industrial schools and two 
 schools for the blind. There is a flour- 
 ishing Y. M. C. A. school in Seoul 
 where hundreds of young men are be- 
 ing taught. 
 
 Over 15,000 students were taught 
 last year in these mission schools. 
 This work is self-supporting. All the 
 evangelists and workers, all who come 
 to the training classes from the city 
 and country, and all the primary, 
 academic, collegiate and theological 
 students are supported by Korean 
 money. Over fifty thousand dollars, 
 gold, was given for Christian work by 
 the Korean Christians last year. 
 
 Best and most important of all, the 
 missionaries in Pyeng Yang and the 
 Korean workers from city and coun- 
 try who were assembled there last 
 winter, all received a great spiritual 
 uplift. It seemed like a veritable Pen- 
 tecost. All hearts were melted and 
 filled with spiritual power. The mis- 
 sionaries have maintained a union 
 daily prayer meeting for nearly ten 
 months. This wave of spiritual bless- 
 ing has extended over the whole field. 
 It has led to earnest work and self- 
 
METHODIST (sOUTH) MISSION SCHOOL AT SONGDO, KOREA, PRESIDED OVER BY HON. 
 
JAPANESE AND MISSIONARIES IN KOREA 
 
 denying giving. It prepared the way 
 for those influences which have kept 
 the people of North Korea quiet dur- 
 ing the last few months. After the ab- 
 dication of the late Emperor and the 
 disbanding of the army, when the peo- 
 ple in North Korea, naturally the most 
 excitable and turbulent of the Korean 
 people, were in danger of rising in 
 insurrection, the missionaries and 
 leading Christians banded together 
 and urged all the Christians in the 
 nearly one thousand churches and 
 preaching places to exert their in- 
 fluence in leading all the people to 
 remain quiet and submissive, with the 
 result that there has been little or no 
 
 disturbance in North Korea. A sim- 
 ilar work is being done from Seoul 
 and other places as centers, and the 
 two thousand churches and groups of 
 Christians are a most hopeful part of 
 the outlook. The Christians increased 
 fifty per cent last year. If this work 
 can go on unchecked and unchilled, 
 Korea will be rapidly evangelized and 
 filled with millions of happy, en- 
 lightened Christian homes, and this 
 little kingdom, despised tho it has 
 been, will give to the Christian world 
 a priceless example of the way and 
 the only way that the Gospel can be 
 carried to the whole world during the 
 present generation. 
 
 THE GATE OF PYENG YANG, KOREA 
 
 WITH THE JAPANESE VANGUARD IN KOREA 
 
 BY HELEN PIERSON CURTIS, SEOUL 
 Missionary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions 
 
 It was a startling innovation when, to leave Japan and work among the 
 over a year ago, Mr. and Mrs. Winn colonists settled there, 
 responded to an imperative call from There was no appropriation from 
 the Japanese in Dalny (now Tairen) the Board of Foreign Missions for 
 
THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD 
 
 this new work, but the Japanese 
 promised to provide everything ex- 
 cept the missionary’s salary and 
 traveling expenses. It was with some 
 misgivings that the mission voted to 
 send Mr. and Mrs. Winn for one year. 
 
 So well have the Japanese fulfilled 
 their part of the bargain and so 
 glowing are the reports from the 
 missionaries that not only has the 
 appointment been made permanent 
 but, in response to urgent calls, two 
 other families have been sent out for 
 work among Japanese colonists: Mr. 
 and Mrs. A. V. Bryan to Port Arthur, 
 and Mr. and Mrs. F. S. Curtis to Ko- 
 rea. Mr. and Mrs. Erdman have also 
 gone to take up the work among Ja- 
 panese in Hawaii. 
 
 Some may wonder why Japanese 
 evangelists are not sent to their own 
 countrymen, for most people do not 
 realize that millions in Japan are, as 
 yet, untouched by the Gospel and the 
 Japanese Church is facing heavy 
 responsibilities at home. 
 
 . The Japanese Presbyterian Church 
 has a strong Home Mission Board 
 which is faithfully seeking to extend 
 the kingdom of Christ among Japa- 
 nese at home and abroad. A most 
 earnest and energetic secretary 
 travels over the whole field, and other 
 members of the Board, tho they are 
 busy pastors, give much time to visit- 
 ing and encouraging the weaker 
 churches. 
 
 The Japanese Christians in the col- 
 onies are more ready to assume self- 
 support than the churches in the 
 home-land. In Formosa and in Dal- 
 ny they are already independent, and 
 if those being formed in other centers 
 learn that they can not rely on money 
 from outside sources, they also will 
 follow the good example. 
 
 Japanese leaders are asking mis- 
 sionaries to take up more largely the 
 pioneer work, feeling that they them- 
 selves have not a sufficient force to 
 do much more than man the work 
 already established; and both Japa- 
 nese and missionaries believe that the 
 thousands who have left the home- 
 land must not be abandoned to the 
 evil influences and loose moral stand- 
 ards that tempt them but must be 
 supplied with faithful shepherds. 
 
 There are more than 100,000 Japa- 
 nese now living in Korea, Seoul, the 
 capital, and Fusan, the southern port 
 and railway terminus, having 15,000 
 to 18,000 each and other ports and 
 railway centers from 2,000 to 12,000 
 each. Many other groups are scat- 
 tered all over the country, and the 
 numbers are increasing by from fifty 
 to a hundred daily. 
 
 Among these there are numerous 
 Christians and students of Christian 
 truth who discover one another and 
 sometimes organize for Bible study 
 and prayer. The great difficulty is 
 to find a place of meeting. The 
 houses are often small and scarce, 
 the rents high, and many men are 
 without their families and have no 
 home. Another difficulty is that men 
 in government employ are frequently 
 moved so that the leader of a group 
 may be called away at short notice, 
 and leave no one of sufficient zeal 
 and determination to hold the rest 
 together. 
 
 The present need is for workers 
 who can travel arriong these groups, 
 encouraging and strengthening them, 
 until they are able to obtain and sup- 
 port competent pastors. It is this 
 work for which we are looking to God 
 for grace, wisdom and strength to 
 do, for the need is sore and there 
 
WITH THE JAPANESE VANGUARD IN KOREA 
 
 is a cry for help going up from many 
 children in Christ. 
 
 Aside from two ladies- of the An- 
 glican High Church (and one clergy- 
 man now absent), we are the only mis- 
 sionaries yet appointed to reside here 
 for work among these colonists. 
 There are five Japanese workers from 
 the Methodist and Congregational 
 Churches in Japan and one from the 
 Presbyterian Church. These are sta- 
 tioned in four large centers and some 
 of them report a very encouraging 
 work. The Methodist worker in 
 Pyeng Yang was greatly blest dur- 
 ing the time of the Spirit’s out-pour- 
 ing among the Korean Christians in 
 that city, last winter. These men visit 
 neighboring places occasionally but 
 this is all that has been done thus far 
 by Japanese speaking workers. God 
 has not been unmindful of His scat- 
 tered flock in other places. Five 
 years ago He laid the burden of the 
 unsaved Japanese and Chinese resi- 
 dents on the hearts of men who were 
 already carrying a heavy burden for 
 the millions of Korea. He strength- 
 ened them to plan and begin regular 
 work among the Japanese, and for 
 three or four years the members of 
 the various Presbyterian Missions 
 united in one council, have been help- 
 ing to support a Japanese evangelist. 
 Some of the Korea missionaries have 
 sought to do what was possible for 
 those near them, using English as a 
 means of communication. During the 
 last year God has also stirred up the 
 hearts of many among missionaries and 
 Korean Christians, to pray for these 
 hosts of strangers within the gates. 
 
 It is difficult for those not on the 
 ground to realize how fast the Japa- 
 nese are becoming the doininant fac- 
 
 tor in Korea, and how sorely they 
 need the Gospel. 
 
 Japan is rapidly giving to Korea 
 the material elements of civilization. 
 A railroad is in operation from Fusan 
 in the south to Wiju by the Yalu in 
 the north, and other lines are in proc- 
 ess of construction ; good roads, 
 water-works and improved sanitation 
 are on the way, and already the more 
 advanced Koreans, in spite of many 
 grievous sorrows and burdens heavy 
 to be borne, are realizing some advan- 
 tages from Japanese occupation. 
 
 But the nation has passed from ex- 
 uberant admiration and joy over Ja- 
 pan’s prowess to intense distrust and 
 bitter hatred, in many sections of the 
 country. In some parts of the north, 
 had it not been for the strenuous ex- 
 ertions of the Christians and the influ- 
 ence of the missionaries, there would 
 have been much bloodshed dur- 
 ing the last few months. The feeling 
 here on both sides reminds us of the 
 tales of early England when Saxons 
 and Normans refused to mingle. 
 
 The Christian Church and Christian 
 standards of living have gained such 
 a high place in this land that the 
 overbearing and unfeeling conduct 
 of the rougher class of Japanese here, 
 is looked upon not merely as a cause 
 for resentment but for contempt or 
 pity. A Korean chair-coolie who was 
 beaten around the head by a Japanese 
 whom he had jostled, remarked, as 
 he quietly rubbed his head, “He’s a 
 pitiable creature.” 
 
 The better class of Japanese realize 
 in some measure the tremendous moral 
 need among their fellow colonists, 
 and some of those in high position, 
 tho not themselves Christians, are 
 ready to support Christian work here. 
 
THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD 
 
 The only hope of any real and 
 speedy bond of union between these 
 two countries is the love of God shed 
 abroad in the hearts of Japanese and 
 Korean Christians. 
 
 By God’s blessing, within the next 
 ten years, if the Church in America 
 will do its part, this whole nation 
 may be reached with the Gospel. 
 Korea is fast becoming Christian, and, 
 if Japan does not soon respond to 
 God’s call to her, there is the prospect 
 of a Christian people, producing the 
 first-fruits of true life, brought under 
 the sway of a nation yet dead, who 
 have appropriated the fruit of cen- 
 turies of Christian growth, but who 
 refuse to share the life which alone can 
 make those fruits sweet and whole- 
 some and bring them to perfection. 
 A Christian nation ruled by another 
 whose real God is National Glory ! 
 It will be laid to the charge of the 
 Christian Church if this becomes a 
 fact. Every man and woman who is 
 “looking for the Kingdom of God” 
 and faithfully seeking to hasten its 
 coming ought to consider this. 
 
 An educated Japanese Christian 
 residing here was asked, “What do 
 you think will be the outcome of Japa- 
 nese occupation in Korea?” 
 
 “I think,” he replied, “that the 
 Koreans will gradually move into the 
 interior and leave the Japanese to 
 occupy the coasts.” That might have 
 been the result had Japan come twen- 
 ty-five years ago, but God did not per- 
 mit it then. Now the mighty force of 
 Resurrection Life is working here 
 among this people and by God’s grace 
 the forces of destruction will not pre- 
 vail. As God raised up Nebuchad- 
 nezzar and Cyrus, who knew Him 
 not, and caused them to work His will, 
 setting them aside in His good time — 
 
 so He is using Japan in these Eastern 
 lands. God grant she may become a 
 willing instrument in Flis hands so 
 that “the time” of her own land need 
 not come as it did to Babylon. 
 
 The Japanese scorn the idea of 
 amalgamation with the Koreans and 
 on many accounts — considering the 
 history and condition of Korea — one 
 can not wonder. There are however 
 some valuable traits among Koreans 
 which are lacking in the ordinary 
 Japanese character, and if it be the 
 Lord’s good pleasure to weld them, 
 as He did Saxon and Norman, it 
 may that the world will see another 
 mighy intrument in God’s hand. 
 
 Japan is not a Christian nation and 
 in spite of Japan’s rapid progress 
 along so many lines we can not expect 
 of her any other policy and methods 
 than those of civilized expediency and 
 self-interest. Who shall judge her? 
 Shall her great ally whose ships, 
 breathing out destruction and slaugh- 
 ter, brought unmeasured wo to China, 
 condemn Japan for securing, from 
 Chinese and Korean, revenue for her 
 “money-eating” enterprises by means 
 of the same deadly agent? Or shall 
 the countries whose terrible “fire-wa- 
 ter” has burnt up all manliness, hope 
 and courage in countless dark-skinned 
 brothers ? 
 
 No ! Let the Christian Church clear 
 its too long-dazzled eyes and see that 
 the forces of worldliness are working 
 here as elsewhere. “The Prince of 
 the powers of the air. . . .now'worketh 
 in the children of disobedience” here, 
 and it is for us, and all who hold the 
 Kingdom dear, to humble ourselves 
 in the dust and confess our sins and 
 the sins of our own nation and cry 
 unto the Lord God Omnipotent that 
 His Kingdom may come in power. 
 
BUILDING THE CHURCH AT SEOUL, KOREA 
 
 Letter from Rev. J. S. Gale, D.D., Seoul, Korea 
 
 Our Church building was too small. The members had patched up a Korean 
 tiled house and pieced it out, lengthened it, and covered over the central court so 
 that five hundred people could sit in a building, which originally at its widest ca- 
 pacity was meant for about fifty. But there was no further room for wings and 
 annexes and the congregation had outgrown it. What were they to do? That was 
 the question. At a meeting held August last, one member thought it would be 
 better to wait a year. At once half a dozen were on their feet, “What? Wait?” 
 Another said, “Collect the money first and then build.” Wise surely, but that too 
 was voted down. “Put up a smaller building and add to it,” suggested Helper Pak. 
 “No, no, no, we’ve added to enough, and not any more ‘smallish’ please.” “Then 
 what do we require?” “A building that will seat from fifteen hundred to two thou- 
 sand. We want it up at once, to start now and finish before winter. We would 
 like it paid for before we enter it for services.” Elder Ko summed up the mixed 
 thought of the meeting by saying, “I notice that God gives when we ask Him. Shall 
 we not ask as we go and go forward? The site costing $500 we have already paid 
 for and we have some money to begin on; I propose that we begin.” 
 
 The following Sunday we met under an awning wide enough to cover two thou- 
 sand people. The opening of the service was favorable, the hymn was sung through, 
 and then, just as we were about to read, a fearful gust of wind split the awning down 
 the middle and the Churchgoers scattered in all directions to escape the falling 
 bamboo. 
 
 Until the new church was up it was decided to meet separately, the men in the 
 morning and the women in the afternoon. This makes a* poor meeting, but it was 
 the best we could do. Meanwhile, logs were being carried up the hill, eight men at 
 each end. With one end pinned down and the other resting over a block-log high 
 in the air, they went at it with saws and wedges. Beams, ports, braces, rafters, 
 grists, flooring, window-panes, piece by piece, were all cut out by hand, from the 
 original logs that had stood as sentinels of the wilderness for a hundred years, till 
 called ruthlessly to jostle their way down the river to the City of Seoul. 
 
 Not noiselessly like Solomon’s Temple, but with much pounding and hammering, 
 late and early, the men were at work like bees, until, on December ist, the building 
 was finished and we moved in for the opening service. 
 
 Two-thirds of the cost had been raised by the Korean Christians themselves. 
 Many a dinner had been foregone that the money might go into the church, and 
 many a new dress. Silver hairpins with jade ornaments and rings had found their 
 way into the collection plate. Some members had paid as high as a hundred dollars 
 subscription, some fifty, some twenty; many had paid twenty-five cents, week after 
 week, until these small sums also amounted to many dollars. 
 
 At the close, in our hour of need, Mr. Severance gave us $250, and Mrs. Kennedy 
 of New York gave $1,000, which paid off the remainder-— a new church that would 
 hold 1,500 people and no debt, surely it was cause for rejoicing. 
 
 On December 8th, the opening day, the church was packed to the doors, and a 
 great crowd outside was unable to get in. In the East flags and lanterns are the 
 ordinary objects of decoration, but flags of all nations- were out of place in church, 
 so we improvised a new kind of ornamentation, that will doubtless be used hereafter. 
 On colored papers cut like flag decorations, we had written in Chinese and Korean, 
 “Eternal Life,” “Righteousness,” “Regeneration,” “Peace,” “Paradise,”^ “Glory,” 
 “Thanksgiving,” etc., etc., until the whole ceiling was a world of expressions from 
 the Scripture. 
 
 Mr. Reynolds of the Southern Presbyterian Mission led in the opening prayer. 
 Scripture passages were repeated by the children, a hymn was sung by the school- 
 girls, and then came the sermon. High up over the platform were the ideographs 
 meaning “Eternal Life.” How to attain to this was the theme of the day. It was to 
 be illustrated, part by part, by a ladder like Jacob’s, that went up to Heaven. One 
 little girl in clear accents that could be heard all through the building spoke a lesson on 
 Faith, and Deacon Kim placed one post of the ladder marked “Shin” (Faith), point- 
 ing toward Eternal Life. Then one of the junior boys spoke I Corinthians, xiii, and 
 the second post of the ladder was marked “Love.” Now the rungs were put in 
 place, five of them marked “Repentance,” with verses recited by one of the^^^ys. 
 “Prayer” was illustrated by passages chosen here and there frorn Scripture.^ 
 fession of Christ” was marked by the middle schoolgirls singing Tdl it Out. 
 “Endurance” was emphasized by the former Secretary of the Cabinet, 
 now a teacher in the Boys’ Middle School, and “Thanksgiving by Elder Chi. 1 he 
 theme was closed by the girls singing “Nearer My God to Thee very ^autimlly. 
 
 This was the way to Eternal Life; Trust God, Love Him, Confess to Him, Fray 
 to Him, Preach like Him, Suffer for Him, Thank Him. 
 
THE TEMPORARY TENT ERECTED FOR SERVICES OF THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, SEOUL 
 
 CHRISTIANS COMING FROM A SERVICE IN THE NEW PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, SEOUL