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 Historical sketches of 
 woman's missionary 
 
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HISTORICAL SKETCHES 
 
 Woman's Missionary Societies 
 
 AMERICA AND ENGLAND, 
 
 INTRODUCTION BY MISS ISABEL HART, OF BALTIMORE. 
 
 EDITED AND PUBLISHED 
 By Mrs. L, n.'T)AGGETT, 2S7 Bunker Hill Street, 
 
Copyright. 
 
 MRS. L. H. DAGGETT. 
 
 1879. 
 
 Copyright. 
 
 MRS. L. H. DAGGETT. 
 
 1883. 
 
TO THE MEMORY OP 
 
 THE FOUNDER, FIRST PRESIDENT AND FIRM SUPPORT OF 
 
 THE WOiVAJV'S UNION MISSIONARY SOCIETT, 
 
 tvho^ in thought.^ love, and labor, abounded in every good 
 word a7id tvork ; whom we regard as the highest rep- 
 resentative type of the Christian womanhood 
 demanded and developed by the activi- 
 ties of the ninetee7tth century; 
 
 AND TO THE MEMORY OF 
 
 w^. wm^ J. PIlE, 
 
 THE FIRST PRESIDENT OF 
 
 THE PHILA. BRANCH WOMAN'S UNION MISSIONARY SOCIETT, 
 
 the able exponent of Woman's best rights — to culture and 
 service — the beautiful illustration of her truest gifts 
 and highest graces ; the conceiver and earnest ad- 
 vocate of Woman's Medical Missionary work ; 
 
 this record of Woman! s Missionary work is 
 
 *' Qive her of the fmtt of her hands, and let Tier own works praise 
 her in the gates." 
 
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 CONTENTS. 
 
 Page 
 
 Introduction 7 
 
 Woman's Baptist Missionary Society 13 
 
 Woman's Baptist Missionary Society of the West 33 
 
 Woman's Baptist Foreign Missionary Society of the Pacific ... 42 
 
 Free Baptist Woman's Missionary Society 45 
 
 The Woman's Board of Missions (Congregational) 49 
 
 Woman's Board of Missions of the Interior (Congregational) ... 66 
 
 Woman's Board of Missions of the Pacific (Congregational) ... 72 
 
 Woman's Board of Foreign Missions (Dutch Reformed) .... 75 
 
 The Christian Woman's Board of Missions (Disciples) .... 79 
 
 Woman's Auxiliary (Episcopal) 86 
 
 Woman's Missionary Society (Evangelical Lutheran) .... 88 
 
 Female Missionary Society (Methodist Episcopal) 95 
 
 Ladies' China Missionary Society (Methodist Episcopal) .... lOO 
 
 W^oman's Foreign Missionary Society (Methodist Episcopal) . . . 109 
 
 Woman's Missionary Society of the Pacific Coast (Methodist Episcopal) . 136 
 
 Woman's Missionary Society (Methodist Episcopal South) . . . 142 
 
 The Ladies' Wesleyan Missionary Association (Methodist Wesleyan) . 150 
 
 W^oman's Missionary Society (Methodist Protestant) . . . . 154 
 
 Ladies' Board of Missions (Presbyterian) 157 
 
 W^oman's Foreign Missionary Society (Presbyterian) .... 162 
 
 W^oman's Presbyterian Board of Missions for the Northwest (Presbyterian), 169 
 
 Woman's Board of Foreign Missions (Cumberland Presbyterian) . . 174 
 
 Woman's Missionary Society (United Brethren in Christ) . . . 177 
 
 Society for Promoting Female Education in the East (Undenominational) . 182 
 
 Woman's Union Missionary Society (Undenominational) .... 194 
 
 Summary of Statistics 204 
 
 Periodicals of Woman's Missionary Societies 205 
 
: A r:.i :.:>:\' 
 
THZgLOGICAI. 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 Manifestly, the chief purpose and work of the Christian 
 church is to be about its Father's business in recovering to him 
 the lost allegiance of the race. Only as we have some compre- 
 hension of the magnitude and some conviction of the importance 
 of this work, — only as we gauge it from the height of God's love 
 to the depth of man's need, — through all its manifold relations, 
 out, on, into the illimitable, unspeakable future, do we realize 
 that for its completion there must be the effectual working in its 
 measure of every part, the development and exercise of every 
 force. Manhood and womanhood must each bring its distinc- 
 tive offerings as of old, in the typical tabernacle and temple, be- 
 fore throughout the whole earth shall arise an holy temple unto 
 the Lord. The pcean of praise is to Be universal, but the harmo- 
 ny will not be complete until there be added to the deep bass and 
 strong tenor, the trill of the treble and the softness of the alto. 
 
 Two-thirds of the Christian church, having this work in 
 hand, are women, and few questions are better worth considering, 
 how all that is on her, all that is distinctively, pecularly feminine, 
 may be wrought into this grand consummation, to accomplish 
 which Christ came, and for which he waits, expecting until his 
 enemies be made his footstool. 
 
 The interest of this problem is only equalled by its import- 
 
 7 
 
8 INTRODUCTIOX. 
 
 ance. How may a woman help Christ's kingdom come? Is 
 there any spring in the machinery which only her fingers can 
 touch and move ? Are there any crooked or narrow places where 
 only her feet can travel, — any rough spots that only her touch 
 may smooth, — any low levels which only her hands can raise, — 
 any recesses of sin or sorrow where only her voice can be heard ? 
 Then, from her Master she hears her call, and from him receives 
 her commission. The full answer to these queries, and the clear 
 solution of this problem, comes to us only in the light of the nine- 
 teenth century. 
 
 This has well been called the Missionary epoch of the Church. 
 In it she has heard the voice of her Lord crying, " Awake, awake, 
 put on thy strength, O Zion, put on thy beautiful garments, O 
 Jerusalem." In it almost all the great organized aggressive agen- 
 cies of the church have had birth, — the Missionary, the Bible, 
 the Tract, the Sabbath-School cause, have assumed their magnifi- 
 cent proportions and are wielding their tremendous powers. The 
 century had about attained its meridian when a new want is felt 
 among these agencies, and in response thereto a new voice is 
 heard, — a still small voice, — yet none the less its whispers may 
 reach where thunder tones might fail, — the woman's missionary 
 movement appears. Like its Lord, " it doth not strive nor cry, 
 neither shall its voice be heard in the street." Like the kingdom 
 of heaven, it cometh without observation. Like all movements 
 born from above, it came in the fulness of time. The Spirit 
 prompted, and Providence prepared the way for it. The fields 
 were just right for this sowing ; the harvest was just ripe for these 
 reapers ; the world was just read}' and reaching out for this agen- 
 cy. The missionary work had come to a point where it must 
 have this help. The march of civilization had broken up the fal- 
 low ground, and gospel seed as dropped from pulpit and press 
 
IXTRODUCTION. C) 
 
 had fallen into receptive and responsive soil. Yet the women sit 
 in darkness and silence and chains. No man's presence may peer 
 into that darkness — no man's voice break that silence — no man's 
 hand loose those chains. So, while point after point was gained, 
 and battlement after battlement was won, the citadel, — the home 
 where life is generated and character formed, and destiny shaped, 
 — was intact and unapproachable. Evidently, some new factors 
 are to be employed, some new forces exerted. Some key must 
 be found which shall fit in the lock that is barring out Christ from 
 the homes of heathendom. It avails not much to purify the 
 streams if we may not touch the fountain. And womanhood is 
 everywhere, under all conditions, in all civilizations, the fountain 
 of life and influence. Who will, who can, teach, rescue, renew, 
 raise, the women of heathendom ? Then dotvn goes heathen- 
 dom and Zip the family, the community, the civilization, the coun- 
 try, the race! T/ia^ the momentous question to be answered, 
 and i/zese the tremendous issues at stake. These various wo- 
 men's missionary movements the practical response, the agencies 
 God is employing in answering these questions. 
 
 For with him the work to be done and the workers are never 
 far apart — somewhere the supply will be found near the de- 
 mand ; where there is hungering for any good thing, the filling 
 will follow. 
 
 Contemporaneously, there were two awakenings, — one in 
 the heathen, the other in the Christian world, and the one was the 
 complement of the other. T/iere was an awakening to want of 
 mind food, of soul food, of a better home life as home life onl}' 
 can be, with the home centre — woman — true and good and wise ; 
 an awakening to the falsity or failure of their own creeds, and a 
 crying out for a more satisfying portion. Here the awakening of 
 womanhood was almost as marked. The inanities, the super- 
 
lO INTRODUCTION. 
 
 ficialities, the conventionalities, of ordinary life, would not satisfy. 
 She claimed higher culture — she wanted specific training — she 
 knocked at the door of venerable and of progressiA^e colleges for 
 admission — she peered into science — she studied and practised 
 the arts — she wanted more room to see, to breathe, to range — 
 she asked for wider opportunities, for better work — she entered 
 into the various activities and avocations of life. Evidently, she felt 
 stirring within her the pulses of a new, yearning, bursting life, 
 that must find expression in richer foliage, sweeter fragrance, 
 riper fruitage, than she had hitherto borne. What all this meant, 
 where all this tended, we did not know, we do not know now 
 entirely : but we do in part. Underneath all this longing and 
 seeking ; in all the multiform benevolences and holy activities ol 
 the life, we discern a voice, saying: " The Master is here and 
 callcth for thee." Because she had heard that cry, and in re- 
 sponse has said, " Lo, I come to do thy will, O God ! " the vari- 
 ous missionary societies have their existence and work. 
 
 The philosophy of them is in the very nature of things; the 
 argument for them in their necessity ; the justification of them in 
 their fruits. Here a woman may find a fitting field for the exer- 
 cise of all her energies and powers, — here, in a way most 
 womanly and most Christly, may she expend all her gifts of head 
 and heart and life. And it is eminently fitting that she who came 
 the nearest Christ in his birth and in his death, at his manger and 
 at his tomb — she who ever found in him when on earth fullest 
 comprehension and deepest sympathy — she who now finds in 
 him, in him alone, the Divine Human, combining infinite tender- 
 ness with infinite strength, the full supply of every want of her 
 nature — she who owes him most, having received from him most 
 — she who wears as her crowning glory what is hurled at her 
 as her supremest taunt, that the religion of Christ is good for the 
 
INTRODUCTION. 1 1 
 
 women and the children and the weak, — it is eminently fitting 
 that the fulness of her gratitude and love should expend itself in 
 seeking to raise other women from the depths to the same heights 
 of renewing, redeeming grace. It is eminently fitting, it is bless- 
 ed compensation, it is Divine retribution, that she who brought sin 
 into the world, should also bring the Saviour — and that she, also, 
 who brought the Saviour, should in these last days further on the 
 finished work of human salvation, should bring the top-stone to 
 the temple, with shoutings of " Grace ! grace unto it ! " 
 
 In this little book we have sought to trace the development 
 of this principle, the working of the little leaven which a woman 
 took and hid in three measures of meal, until the whole was 
 leavened. It is leaven with which we work, the leaven of Gospel 
 truth and love ; it is hid,, working quietly in the minds of children 
 in schools and orphanages, in the hearts of women, in zenanas, in 
 hospitals, in the haunts of heathendom we dare not call homes ; 
 a woman — the power ever working silently, subtly, successfully 
 to its ends, hides it until the whole lump is leavened^ the world 
 redeemed — which will be when every Christian woman is faith- 
 ful to her trust, and every heathen woman hears, through her, of 
 Him who taketh away the sin of the world. 
 
 Women of the nineteenth century ! dowered as never women 
 were before, with gifts, with opportunities, with responsibili- 
 ties — with all the world open to thy tread and waiting for thy 
 help, — may God help thee to see in these somewhat the measure 
 of thy duty — to discern in the light of thy privilege the weight of 
 thy obligation — to know the blessedness, the grandeur, the awful- 
 ness, of living now ; that 
 
 To serve the present age, 
 Thj calling to fulfil, . 
 
1 2 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 demands a richer baptism, a fuller consecration, and involves 
 grander possibilities than in all the years of the past. 
 
 Christian women of all ranks and denominations I let us join 
 hands in one endeavor, with one thought, one prayer, one motto, 
 one voice — the 'W07nen of all lafids for Jesus I 
 
 Isabel Hart. 
 
WOMAN'S BAPTIST MISSIONARY SOCIETY. 
 
 The earliest record of woman's work for Missions in the 
 Baptist denomination which we have been able to find, is con- 
 tained in a little pamphlet called " Articles of the Boston Female 
 Society for Missionary Purposes, organized Oct. 9, 1800." The 
 Preamble and Constitution read as follows : — 
 
 "Animated by the noble exertions which are making in the various 
 parts of the Christian world, to spread the knowledge of divine truth, and 
 by the success with which the great Head of the Church has seen fit, in 
 many instances, to crown the united endeavors of his dear people, a num- 
 ber of females, feeling interested in the glorious cause, and desirous of pro- 
 moting it, have formed themselves into a Society to collect a sum for the 
 express purpose of aiding missions. The destitute and afflicting situation 
 of thousands of our fellow creatures calls aloud to charity ; and while a 
 needle can be instrumental of spreading the knowledge of a Saviour's 
 name, shall a Christian female forbear to exercise it in the best of causes? 
 No, in imitation of those who ministered to the necessities of our divine 
 Lord, we will offer our mite for the relief of His elect body. With a view 
 to promote the object of the Society, the following articles are adopted for 
 its regulation : — 
 
 1. This Society shall consist of females (of no limited number) who 
 shall feel themselves disposed to contribute their mite towards so noble a 
 design as the ditFusion of gospel light among the shades of darkness and 
 superstition. 
 
 2. This Society shall meet on the first Monday afternoon in every 
 month, excepting some particular circumstance interfere ; it shall then 
 meet as may be appointed. 
 
 3. No more shall be required of each member than two dollars per 
 
 13 
 
14 WOMAN S MISSIONARY SOCIETIES. 
 
 year. Those, however, who possess ability, will be at liberty to contribute 
 as much more as they shall think consistent with duty. 
 
 4. In order to accommodate persons of both denominations, separate 
 lists of names will be kept, and subscriptions and donations of those who 
 request it will be devoted to the support of missions of the Congregation- 
 al order, and those who wish otherwise, to the support of missions of the 
 Baptist denomination. 
 
 5. No person shall be admitted to the Society but such as sustain a 
 good moral character, and whose views and motives we have reason to 
 hope are right. 
 
 6. Any member shall have a right to introduce others, providing she 
 first mention their names, and produce sufficient evidence to the Society 
 that they are of the above-mentioned character. 
 
 7. Each member shall engage to continue a member until circumstan- 
 ces occur to render it inexpedient. 
 
 8. If any member fail to exhibit the character required in the fifth ar- 
 ticle, she shall be excluded from the Society by a majority present. 
 
 9. One person shall be chosen annually, by vote of the Society, to re- 
 cord the proceedings of the Society, the names of subscribers, and the 
 sums received monthly. 
 
 10. One person shall be chosen to take charge of the fund, who shall 
 give an obligation to take faithful care of the same, and deliver the sum, or 
 any part of it, to the Society when called for. 
 
 11. In order that no expense accrue to the Society in consequence of 
 meeting, it is proposed that they meet at each others' houses. An invita- 
 tion shall be given at a preceding meeting, by any member who shall 
 think it convenient to receive them at the next. There shall, however, be 
 no compulsion at all, as family circumstances may render it inconvenient. 
 
 12. In case more than one invitation be given, it shall be determined 
 by existing circumstances, and a refusal be thought no offence by the 
 other. 
 
 13. The time not occupied in attending to the business of the Society, 
 
 shall be devoted to religious exercises. 
 
 We regret that we have no further knowledge of this Society 
 except that funds given by it are acknowledged in later years by 
 other more general societies. 
 
BAPTIST. 15 
 
 In April, 1S02, the Massachusetts Baptist Missionary Society 
 was formed ; its object being " to furnish occasional preaching, 
 and to promote the knowledge of evangelical truth in the new 
 settlements within these United States ; or further, if circumstan- 
 ces shall render it proper." At the first meeting of that Soci- 
 ety, two missionaries were appointed to visit the new settlements 
 in Maine and New Hampshire, and one to go into North Western 
 New York and Canada. Very soon correspondence was opened 
 with Dr. Carey and the other Baptist missionaries at Serampore, 
 India ; and funds were sent to aid in their work. Contributions 
 from the Boston Female Society before mentioned, and from oth- 
 er similar societies, are recorded at early dates. The " Cent a 
 Week Society," afterwards called the " Female Mite Society," of 
 Beverly, Mass., was formed in 1S08, the " Salem Female Cent 
 Society" in 181 1 ; and there were many more such societies in this 
 vicinity. 
 
 When Mr. Judson, announcing his change of denominational 
 views, said, "Alone in this foreign, heathen land, I make my ap- 
 peal to those whom, with their permission, I will call my Baptist 
 brethren in the United States," all the hearts which had been 
 drawn out in pity for those who sit in darkness, were inspired 
 with new zeal ; and the number of willing workers and givers at 
 once increased. Many more societies of women were organized. 
 We have a pleasant account of one connected with the Fayette 
 Street, now the Madison Avenue Baptist church in New York, 
 formed April 11, 1814. 
 
 In 1822, Mrs. Judson visited this country for the restoration 
 of her health, and in vivid words she pictured the condition of 
 women without Christ, in India and Burmah. In personal ad- 
 dresses and in printed appeals, she besought Christian women here 
 to lay aside superfluous luxuries and ornaments, and to devote 
 
i6 woman's missionary societies. 
 
 their price to the work of proclaiming^ the Gospel to the heathen 
 Inspired with something of her enthusiasm, many women oflcrcd 
 jewels and other valuable possessions, and by self-denial, made 
 large gifts of money. 
 
 On Mrs. Judson's return to Burmah, she went with Dr. Jud- 
 son to Ava, the capital, to establish themselves there by invitation 
 of the king. Mrs. Judson wrote Feb. lo, 1824, "My female 
 school has already commenced, with three little girls who are 
 learning to read, sew, &c. Two of them are sisters, and we have 
 named them Mary and Abby Hasseltine. One of them is to be 
 supported with the money which the Judson Association of Brad- 
 ford Academy has engaged to collect. Their mother is derang- 
 ed, and their father gave them to me to educate. I have already 
 begun to make inquiries for children, and doubt not we shall be 
 directed in regard to our school." This was the first girls' school 
 connected with American Baptist Missions. But it was sudden- 
 ly broken up by the war and the dreadful troubles, so well known, 
 through which the missionaries were called to pass. As soon as 
 Mr. and ISlrs. Judson were at liberty, they went to Amherst, and 
 immediately INIrs. Judson began a school for girls, and one for 
 boys. From that time our missionaries did all they could for the 
 Christian education of girls and women ; but with family cares, 
 and the manifold duties connected with the oversight of many 
 churches, composed of members scarcely emancipated from the 
 bonds of superstition and idolatry, the missionaries' wives were 
 unable alone to do all they desired. Unmarried women were 
 sent out when homes were assured to them in missionaries' fami- 
 lies, and all honor is due to their patient toil. The labors of 
 some of them are now mentioned with high praise in the mission 
 stations. But at the time of the formation of the Woman's Bap- 
 tist Missionary Society, there were only four unmarried ladies 
 
BAPTIST. 17 
 
 supported by our Missionary Union in connection with our mis- 
 sions in Burmah ; and the officers of the Missionary Union did 
 not feel sufficiently sure that single women would be brave and 
 steady and contented when far from home and relatives, and at the 
 same time prudent in the care of their health, and willing to be 
 guided by more experienced missionaries, to warrant them in 
 sending many more, unless some new accession of funds to the 
 treasury should justify an experiment in that direction. 
 
 While the Baptist missions were growing abroad, too many 
 of the church members at home failed to keep themselves fully 
 and accurately informed of their progress. The enthusiasm awak- 
 ened by the experiences of the Judsons, and other early mission- 
 aries, had been suffered to abate, and to fade from memory. It 
 may be said that ten years ago the women of the Baptist church- 
 es were, in genei'al, almost ignorant on the subject of missions, 
 and only a few were personally giving anything to carry out the 
 great commission in heathen lands. 
 
 There could be no doubt of the ability of Baptist women to 
 carry forward a work similar to that begun by other Christian 
 sisters ; and when the reason for such an effort came in the shape 
 of appeals from the foreign field, they were not slow to respond. 
 
 The appeals which led directly to the organization of this 
 Society, were contained in letters written in 1S69 and 1870, by 
 Mrs. Carpenter, of Bassein, Burmah. These letters give a vivid 
 picture of a missionary and his wife sinking under their heavy 
 burdens, calling for help, but in vain, till health gave way and 
 life seemed in danger. The Sgau Karen churches in the Bassein 
 district, years ago determined to secure Christian education for 
 their children, and with that object in view have made great sac- 
 rifices to provide school houses and teachers, and to support their 
 children while in school. The number of girls was larger in 
 
iS woman's missionary societies. 
 
 the school of that station than in any other ; and therefore the de- 
 mands of the school upon the missionary's wife were exceptional- 
 ly great. !Mrs. Carpenter, though without children, had, like 
 other missionaries' wives, the ordinary cares of the household; 
 and there were innumerable visits from Christians from all the 
 churches in the district, to whom sympathy and counsel must be 
 given ; medical advice and remedies, too, were in constant de- 
 mand. Mrs. Carpenter longed to go with her husband on jungle 
 trips. She could meet the women, he could not; but she was 
 often kept at home by the needs of the school. Miss Isabella 
 Watson, who had been sent out by the Missionary Union, gave 
 important aid in the school and in other departments ; but her 
 physical strength was not equal to her courageous and helpful 
 spirit. The help sorely needed seemed to be, in Mrs. Carpenter's 
 words, " a woman of character and piety, to take charge of the 
 female department in the school, and perhaps some of the higher 
 classes in English." Not only at Bassein w^as there need in mis- 
 sion work of such help as v^^omen can give, but everj'^where it w^as 
 possible to do more for women and girls, if more laborers and 
 more money could be supplied. The number of girls in the sta- 
 tion schools seems to have been generally in pi'oportion to the 
 leisure and strength of the missionary lady to take charge of them. 
 In January, 1S71, Mrs. Carpenter wrote, " We can see as yet 
 no helper ; one and another have come in sight; our signal of dis- 
 tress has been raised ; our cry for help repeated again and again ; 
 but thus far none respond. May the ever-gracious Father give us 
 patience and strength according to our day ! We are doing all 
 we have strength for, but the wheels turn heavily, and we 
 see the harvest perishing for lack of reapers. Pray for us. I am 
 not sure that you yourselves have not a work to do for missions 
 at home — the forming of women's societies, auxiliary to the 
 
BAPTIST. 19 
 
 Missionary Union, as far as your ability and influence will allow. 
 I believe that is tlie true course." 
 
 The friends who received these appeals found, on consulting 
 other sisters in the churches, that the Lord was guiding their 
 minds in the same direction, and awakening similar convictions 
 as to duty of the Baptist women of America, toward their Chris- 
 tian and heathen sisters in foreign lands. Consequently, on the 
 2Sth of February, 1S71, eleven ladies of the Baptist church in 
 Newton Centre, Mass., met "for the purpose of forming a Wo- 
 man's Missionary Society for the benefit of women in heathen 
 lands." After a free consultation, officers were appointed ; and 
 the secretary was requested to draft a constitution, and " to pre- 
 sent a circular suitable to be sent to various churches, to interest 
 the women in the woi'k for missions." 
 
 At the next meeting, March 7, the following circular was 
 adopted : — 
 
 " In view of the very little which the American Baptist Missionary 
 Union has been able thus far to do for the education of women at its va- 
 rious stations ; of the insufficient funds at its command for prosecuting this 
 work; of the successful beginning which it has made of it at several sta- 
 tions; of the desire of its Executive Committee to do everything possible 
 for the elevation of women as well as man ; of its readiness to employ 
 Christian women so far as practicable in this work; of the urgent need of 
 more laborers at all our stations and in the regions bej'ond ; and of our 
 duty to co-operate more fully in this great work, — we believe the time has 
 come for us to form a Society or Societies for the special purpose of aiding 
 our Missionary Union to do more for the heathen and Christian woman in 
 the stations under its care. 
 
 "All ladies who are interested in our Foreign Missions are therefore in- 
 vited to meet in the Chapel of Clarendon Street Baptist Church, on Mon- 
 day, April 3, at three o'clock P. M., to consider the propriety of forming a 
 general Woman's Missionary Society." 
 
 A committee was appointed "to send this circular to other 
 
20 WOMAN S MISSIONARY SOCIETIES. 
 
 churches, and do what else may seem wise to interest them in this 
 object." The circular was accordingly sent to all the pastors in 
 the Boston North and South Associations ; and before the day ap- 
 pointed for meeting, many of the pastors' wives and other ladies 
 in and near Boston were visited and consulted in regard to the 
 proposed movement. Almost all were found ready to join cor- 
 dially and actively in the work. About two hundred ladies met 
 at the specified time and place ; the constitution was presented ; 
 and after consultation, the Woman's Baptist Missionary Society 
 was formally organized. 
 
 This Society, which was so planned that it might include 
 every Baptist woman in the United States, had thus but a small 
 beginning. Its members heard, as they believed, the call of the 
 Saviour in the appeal of his servants for aid ; and they felt that 
 it was in their power to obey more fully than they had yet done, 
 His last command. They were inexperienced in such work as lay 
 before them ; they shrank with all sensitiveness from publicity 
 and from responsibility ; they knew not how their appeals might 
 be received by the churches, nor who was to do all the work re- 
 quired to establish the Society over all the land ; but they were 
 ready to go forward step by step, looking for wisdom and for hu- 
 man help to Him who giveth liberally, and in whose hand are 
 the hearts of all. 
 
 Before the meeting at which the Society was formed, the 
 subject was presented to the Executive Committee of the Union ; 
 and they were requested to state some principles on which wise 
 and harmonious relations could be based. A minute was adopt- 
 ed by them, defining the relations which have thus far existed, 
 the wisdom of which every year's experience has made more evi- 
 dent. This paper suggested that the Woman's Society leave the 
 direct appointment and distribution of all laborers, the fixing 
 
BAPTIST. 21 
 
 of their salaries, the appropriation of funds for theii support, and 
 the direction of their work in foreign fields, where it now is, — 
 in the hands of this committee ; adopting for itself the no less 
 important task of awakening, by suitable means, a missionary 
 spirit in the women of our churches, and of inducing them to 
 contribute regularly to its treasury for the support of female la- 
 borers in the foreign field, who seek especially the religious, the 
 mental, and the social elevation of woman. 
 
 Of the practical working of these principles, we may say, 
 that all missionaries to be supported by the Woman's Society first 
 present themselves to its Board of Directors for examination, and 
 if found satisfactory, are by that Board recommended to the Ex- 
 ecutive Committee for appointment. The assignment of these 
 missionaries to their fields of labor, the appropriating of funds for 
 their support, and the direction of their work, are subjects of free 
 and constant consultation between the officers of the Union and 
 of the Woman's Society. As a result of such consultation, the 
 Board suggests what it would like to have done ; and the Execu- 
 tive Committee of the Union has always complied with its 
 wishes. 
 
 Any woman who pays a dollar into the treasury of the Soci- 
 ety, is a member for the year in which she pays. The amount 
 raised from the beginning, is $193,708.92. 
 
 For nearly two years, Mrs. Laura A. Bixby acted as corres- 
 ponding secretary, and in that capacity made many journeys for 
 the purpose of holding woman's missionary meetings wherever the 
 way seemed open to establish the work. A circular, stating the 
 circumstances of the origin of the Society, and an appeal for co- 
 operation, was sent to thousands of pastors. Letters were writ- 
 ten to women in many places, and encouraging replies were re- 
 ceived. Money began at once to come to the treasurer, Mrs. 
 
22 woman's missionary SOCIETIES. 
 
 Hannah B. Iklerrill, who for three years performed all the duties 
 of that office, providing all the needed stationery and postage, 
 till she was compelled by disease to resign the labor to other 
 hands. 
 
 Mrs. M. A. Edmond gave important aid in the first year, by 
 writing letters to the missionaries of the Union at all the stations, 
 inquiring as to the condition of the women around them, and as 
 to the need of additional labor such as could be rendered by lady 
 missionaries. The replies to these letters were full of joy at the 
 new impulse given to work for missions at home by the forma- 
 tion of the Society ; and each told of the open field, the ready 
 opportunity for such labor as was proposed. 
 
 At the first meeting of the Board of Directors, a letter was 
 presented from Mrs. C. F. Tolman of Chicago, in I'eply to which 
 an invitation was sent to the ladies of Chicago to unite with us by 
 forming a branch Society; and^also a letter, stating what had 
 been done by* this Society. It was decided to hold a Woman's 
 Missionary meeting in connection with the anniversary of the 
 Missionary Union in Chicago ; and delegates were appointed by 
 the Board " to confer with those who might be present, and see 
 if they would unite in the work." But before that meeting was 
 held, the "Woman's Baptist Missionary Society of the West" 
 had been formed as a separate organization ; and it was found to 
 be impossible to form one national Society directly auxiliary to 
 the Missionary Union. The eastern line of Ohio was finally ac- 
 cepted as the boundary between the fields in which the two Soci- 
 eties should work. Our Southern boundary must naturally be the 
 same as that of the field of the Missionary Union, the sisters in 
 the Southern States contributing through the Southern Baptist 
 Missionary Convention. Thus our field has come to be New Eng- 
 land, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and the 
 
BAPTIST. 
 
 23 
 
 District of Columbia. A circle has lately been formed in West 
 Virginia ; and we liope to welcome more. 
 
 It soon became evident that we must look, not to pastors, but 
 to warm-hearted Christian women in every locality, to present 
 the cause of the Society, and establish auxiliary circles. In the 
 first year, secretaries were appointed for Connecticut, Rhode 
 Island, Massachusetts and New Hampshire. 
 
 Our first missionary. Miss Kate F. Evans of Painsvillc, Va., 
 sailed for Burmah Dec. 16, 1S71, in company with Miss A. L. 
 Stevens, the first missionary sent by the Society of the West, who 
 went to Mrs. Carpenter at Bassein. 
 
 From May, 1871, till February, 1872, space was kindly giv- 
 en by the Missionary Union to the new Society, in the Magazine 
 for the presentation of its appeals, and to report the receipts of 
 its treasury. But the increasing demand for such facts and ap- 
 peals led to the ofter of eight pages to be added to the Alagazine ; 
 and this new venture was commenced in March, 1873, with the 
 title of the Hclpmg' Hand. This was issued separately, as well 
 as in connection with the magazine, and was first under the edi- 
 torial care of Mrs. Bixby, and afterward of Mrs. Hovey. These 
 ladies were all unused to such work, and carefully did they weigh 
 every word that was to be printed. The first appeals were writ- 
 ten three times over. The details of business with printers and 
 publishers had all to be learned ; but the apprenticeship was 
 gladly sei^ved for the sake of the cause, which grew every day 
 more dear. At the beginning of 1873, the Missionary Union gave 
 to our Society, instead of the supplement to the Magazine, one- 
 half, or four pages, of the Macedonian ; and this became our 
 medium of presenting missionary letters and information. The 
 Society assumed one-half the pecuniary responsibility of the pub- 
 lication ; and this was divided with the Society of the West in 
 
24 WOMAN S MISSIONARY SOCIETIES. 
 
 proportion to the number of subscribers in the respective fields, 
 that Society occup3'ing part of the space every month. The favor 
 with which the Hephtg Hand was received, in this new form, 
 was very gratifying. The only drawback to our satisfaction has 
 been its failure to pay for itself, necessitating a payment each year 
 from our treasury to meet a deficit. Mrs. C. W. Train was ap- 
 pointed editor in January, 1S74. In January, 1875, a fifth page 
 was added to our share, and under the title of " Little Helpers," 
 was devoted to the children. In January, 1877? the Missionary 
 Union ofiered us the whole publication, which was accepted. 
 The terms of arrangement with the Society of the West are the 
 same as formerly. We are allowed to rejoice in an increasing 
 subscription list, and in pecuniary profit for the year 1S77, the 
 paper having paid all its expenses and given a respectable sum 
 into our treasury. 
 
 The Society in 1872 sent Miss C. H. Rand to Burmah, and 
 assumed the support of four unmarried ladies already connected 
 with our missions — Miss Haswell, Miss Gage, Miss Watson and 
 Miss Adams. Four Bible women were that year supported 
 through the Society. 
 
 The first annual meeting was deferred till after the Mission- 
 ary Union in New York, in the hope that a National Woman's 
 Missionary Society might then be formed. But this hope was 
 disappointed ; and the meeting was held June 6, 1S73, in the ves- 
 try of Tremont Temple, Boston. The results of the first year's 
 work may be summed up as follows : missionaries, 6 ; auxiliar- 
 ies, 141 ; life members, 146; receipts, $9,172.63. 
 
 From the first, quarterly meetings have been held at church- 
 es in or near Boston, where we have listened with deep interest 
 to the experiences and appeals of returned missionaries and of 
 home workers. From these meetings we always come away 
 
BAPTIST. 25 
 
 with the desire to be better women — better servants of our Lord, 
 in whatever position he may have placed us. 
 
 In the second year, all the States were supplied with State 
 Secretaries ; and the present Assistant Secretary of the Society, 
 Miss Mary E. Clarke, was appointed. 
 
 In October, 1872, Mrs. Bixby resigned the office of Corres- 
 ponding Secretary, much to the regret of all the officers of the 
 Society. In December, Mrs. H. R. Carpenter, who had return- 
 ed from Burmah early in the year, was elected Secretary. The 
 personal knowledge of the mission field in Burmah possessed by 
 both Mrs. Bixby and Mrs. Carpenter, was of great value in the 
 first years of our history, giving a special power to letters and 
 personal appeals. 
 
 It was in our second year that the idea was first suggested of 
 seeking a lady in each Association to present the cause to every 
 church, and assist in forming and conducting circles. Every day 
 we have reason to thank our Heavenly Guide for showing us this 
 way to extend the work. One by one women have become known 
 to us who are fitted for this work and willing to undertake it ; 
 and their efforts, for which they receive no pecuniary reward, 
 have been successful in a marked degree. They have to meet in- 
 difference, and sometimes actual opposition, in trying to gain the 
 attention of those who expect to be saved through Christ, to his 
 command to preach the Gospel to every creature. But after a 
 time they are allowed to report the beginning of work in some of 
 their chuixhes. They hold women's missionary meetings when 
 their Associations meet : and with or without the help of some 
 returned missionary who can tell from actual experience what life 
 is whei-e Christ is unknown, they try to impi'ess on the sisters the 
 duty of extending the blessings of salvation to those who are with- 
 out hope. They follow up their appeals by letters, and when 
 
2$ woman's missionary societies. 
 
 they can, by visits. Gradually woman's work for missions be- 
 comes an clement in the Christian work of the Association. Pas- 
 tors and brethren are stimulated to learn and tell more of God's 
 work among the heathen. A revival of interest in missions is 
 spoken of as a feature of our denominational history at this time. 
 Perhaps no one will ever trace out and publish the agency of our 
 State and Associational Seci-etaries and officers of circles in pro- 
 ducing this revival ; but in the Master's book of remembrance 
 every appeal made in weakness and trembling, every sacrifice of 
 leisure and personal comfort, every effort to overcome prejudice 
 and indifference, is recorded. 
 
 Summary for the second year : Missionaries 9, auxiliaries 
 305, life members 337, schools 15, receipts $20,158.67. 
 
 Early in our third year the following preamble and resolution 
 were entered on the records of the Board : " Whereas, it has been 
 urged that home mission work be united witli foreign in the 
 church and city societies auxiliary to the Woman's Baptist Mis- 
 sionary Society, Voied, That while we bid a hearty God-speed 
 to every other good object, and are glad to share in the work of 
 the Home Mission Society, we do not think it wise in the church 
 circles composing our Society to combine home work and foreign, 
 but recommend to our circles the special effort needed to carry 
 out the object of the Society as stated in the constitution of the 
 auxiliaries." 
 
 We may say here that in more recent consideration of this 
 question, the opinion of the members of the Board has remained 
 the same as when the vote just quoted was taken. The constitu- 
 tion of the Society, as it now stands, would manifestly not allow 
 the introduction of work for home missions ; and the facts of 
 the fixr greater difficulty of commanding attention and eliciting ef- 
 fort in behalf of foreign missions, and of the proportionately 
 
BAPTIST. 
 
 27 
 
 small effort put forth to send the Gospel to the heathen, have con- 
 firmed the Board in the conviction that these two departments of 
 mission work can be more efficiently promoted without uniting 
 them in one organization. 
 
 In 1S73, a small room was granted by the Missionary Union 
 in its house in Bedford street, for the use of the Society, the meet- 
 ings of the Board being held in the room used by the Executive 
 Committee of the Union. But most of the work was done by the 
 officers at home, till the headquarters of the Union were remov- 
 ed to Tremont Temple. Then our present office. Room 13, Tre- 
 mont Temple, was furnished by special contributions made for 
 the purpose, and was ready for occupancy in April, 1873. 
 
 As Mrs. Carpenter, the Corresponding Secretary, was about 
 to return to Burmah, Mrs. Alvah Hovey was chosen her succes- 
 sor. The Treasurer, Mrs. Merrill, resigned ; and Mrs. J. M. S. 
 Williams was elected Treasurer, Miss Clarke acting as Assistant 
 Treasurer. 
 
 In our third annual Report, Children's Mission Bands are 
 for the first time reported by themselves, twenty-one in number. 
 Since that time increasing attention has been given to that branch 
 of the home work. Much labor and thought have been expend- 
 ed upon it ; and thousands of dollars have been brought into the 
 treasury. More important still, souls have been led to Christ by 
 this very effort to send his word to the heathen ; and the founda- 
 tion is being laid for the intelligent and zealous support of mis- 
 sions in years to come. 
 
 At the close of our third year, we were able to report mis- 
 sionaries, 11; auxiliaries, 520 ; life members, 606; schools, 23; 
 receipts, $26,061.52. 
 
 In October, 1S74, the Society was incorporated in accord- 
 ance with an act of the Legislature of Massachusetts. By the 
 
28 woman's missionary societies 
 
 provisions of the charter, the President and Clerk are members of 
 the Board of Directors. There is but one Vice President. The 
 constitution of the Society was not essentially changed. 
 
 About the same time, a contingent fund was established, con- 
 sisting of legacies and gifts made in memory of friends. These 
 are invested, and the interest is used every year in the work. It 
 is understood that the principal may also be used at any time, if 
 required. 
 
 We counted in April, 1875, missionaries, 15 ; auxiliaries, 
 707 ; schools, 20 ; receipts, $28,909.89. 
 
 Summary for the fifth year : Missionaries, 18 ; schools, 20 ; 
 auxiliaries, 750; mission bands, 80; receipts, $33,260.69. 
 
 Summary for the sixth year: Missionaries, 21 ; schools, 34; 
 Biblewomen,25 ; lifemembers, 1,040; receipts, $35,925.09. 
 
 Summary for the seventh year : Missionaries, 25 ; schools 
 aided, 37 ; Bible women, 24 ; auxiliaries and bands, about 1000 ; 
 life members, 1,161 ; receipts, $39,260.43. 
 
 Two missionaries are in Japan, one in India, all the rest in 
 Burmah. Aid is given to six schools in India, two in Japan, four 
 m China, one in Siam, and twenty-six in Burmah. 
 
 It will be seen from this brief survey that much of the edu- 
 cational work of our missions has gradually come to be support- 
 ed by our Society. This is in accordance with the appeals and 
 the motives which led to the formation of the Society. It is our 
 hope that we may be able to enlarge and strengthen this depart- 
 ment to just the extent needed for the best interest of the cause of 
 Christ. We long, also, to have more native Bible women going 
 from house to house, wherever such workers are adapted to the 
 character and customs of the people, to tell the women and chil- 
 dren of the Saviour. But there must be missionaries fitted by char- 
 acter and education for the work of training these Bible women. 
 
BAPTIST. 29 
 
 As we look over our foreign field, we have reason to be grate- 
 ful for those whom we have been allowed to send there. They 
 prove that unmarried women can be as brave and steady and de- 
 voted as any class of workers. God bless them every one, and 
 supply all their need, accoi'ding to his riches in glory by Christ 
 Jesus ! 
 
 What shall we say of our success at home ? Year by year 
 we have rejoiced in the increasing number of active workers, and 
 of contributors to the treasury ; and most of those who have join- 
 ed us are actually learning something of the work of God in for- 
 eign lands, and of the circumstances under which it goes on. 
 The constant demand for missionary literature is in itself an en- 
 couragement. The instruction given to thousands of children will 
 make them more wise and willing supporters of missions than we 
 are in the present generation. We rejoice in the assurance that 
 the Woman's Mission Circle is in many churches what it is in- 
 tended to be — a quickener of piety, a stimulating agent to love 
 for souls, to prayer, to all forms of Christian growth and work. 
 Its members call attention, by word and example, to the need of 
 foreign mission work in accomplishing the object of all Christian 
 effort — the bringing of every human soul into Christ's kingdom. 
 And we hope our Society is helping effectively, though unobtru- 
 sively, to speed the day when every Christian shall, of necessity, 
 as one who owes all to Christ, give and labor according to his or 
 her ability, in making the gospel known to every creature. 
 When that day comes, — when even the Baptist women of Amer- 
 ica may be counted on as sure, because of their abiding principle, 
 to do their share in this great work, — we will gladly consider 
 our mission as a separate organization at an end. But as yet we 
 may not relax our efforts, but must rather persevere, with greater 
 zeal and riper wisdom, as the years go by. 
 
30 WOMAN S MISSIONARY SOCIETIES. 
 
 Woman's Baptist Missionary Society, 
 1878-82. 
 
 Summary for the eighth year : Missionaries, ^^ ; schools, 83 ; Bible 
 women, 39 ; receipts, $41,472.77. Mrs. Williams resigned as Treas- 
 urer, and Miss M. E. Clarke was elected. Besides sending out two 
 missionaries, the Board, to aid the Missionary Union most effec- 
 tively in reinforcing its stations, voted to pay $500 toward the salary 
 of each of nine missionaries, to be considered as providing for their 
 wives, making no claim on the ladies for special service or reports. 
 Similar appropriations have been continued in subsequent years. 
 The Board published a statement of its belief that both Home and 
 Foreign Missions can be best served if presented separately to the 
 women of the churches ; not by circles combining both objects. 
 
 Summary for the ninth year: Missionaries, 34 ; Bible women, 34; 
 schools, 61 ; receipts, $46,178.32. Mr. and Mrs. Partridge, of Swatow, 
 China, being ready to return to their work there, but having found 
 no home in this country for their two older children, formally asked 
 the Board to provide a place where they might live, and some one 
 to take charge of them, thus beginning a Home for Missionary 
 Children. The Society approved the plan. 
 
 Summary for the tenth year : Missionaries, 40 ; Bible women, 
 47; schools, 78; receipts, $50,010.91. l^he Home for Missionary 
 Children was begun at Newton Centre, Mass., with four children, 
 and Mrs. J. McKinlay as matron. Gifts of money ($1,175.54) 
 were received for it. Work was begun at Liberia, Africa, and in 
 France. 
 
 Summary for the eleventh year: Missionaries, 38; Bible women, 
 49; schools, 84, with 2,710 pupils. These are distributed among 
 the Burmese, Karens, and Shans of Birmah, the Telugus of India, 
 
BAPTIST. 31 
 
 the Garos of Assam, the Chinese, the Japanese, French, Swedes, 
 and Africans. Receipts, $56,132.15; life mennbers, 2,004; circles, 
 976; bands, 316. A house was built for the missionary children, 
 $8,218.42 being received for the purpose. Receipts for eleven 
 years and eight months, $407,257.93. 
 December, 1882. 
 
 OFFICERS. 
 
 Presidtnt. — Mrs. Gardner Colby, Newton, Mass. 
 
 /^ r 1 ■ \ Mrs. Alvah Hovey, Newton Centre, Mass. 
 
 Cor.Stcretarus.-\ .. q. W. Gates, 
 
 Trtasurer and Astitttint Cor. Secy. — Miss Mary E. Clarke^ Tremont Templci Boston. 
 
Missionaries of the Woman's Baptist Missionary Society, 1882. 
 
 Name. 
 
 Date of 
 Departure. 
 
 Station. 
 
 Mission. 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Miss A. R. Gage 
 
 1866 
 
 Rangoon, Burmah. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 In this country. 
 
 " I.Watson 
 
 1867 
 
 Bassein, " 
 
 Karen. 
 
 In the field. 
 
 MissS. E. Haswell.... 
 
 
 Maulraain, " 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Disconnected from the 
 Society, 1880. 
 
 Mrs. R. A. Railey 
 
 .... 
 
 Zeegong, •' 
 
 « 
 
 Died, 1S7S. 
 
 Miss K. F.Evans 
 
 1871 
 
 Thongzai. ' 
 
 " 
 
 In the United States. 
 
 Mrs. M. C. Douglass... 
 
 1872 
 
 Rangoon, " 
 
 " 
 
 In the field. 
 
 MissC. H. Rand 
 
 1872 
 
 Bassein, " 
 
 Pwo Karen. 
 
 Married Rev. J. T. 
 EKvell, 1879. 
 
 *• S. B. Barrows .... 
 
 1872 
 
 Maulmain, " 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 In the field. 
 
 Mrs. J. J. Longley 
 
 1873 
 
 <i n 
 
 " 
 
 Disconnected from A. 
 B. M. Union, 1878. 
 
 Miss E. Lawrence 
 
 1873 
 
 It i< 
 
 Karen. 
 
 In the field. 
 
 " M. C. Manning... 
 
 1874 
 
 Bassein, " 
 
 " 
 
 Died, 1879. 
 
 " M.E. Walling.... 
 
 1874 
 
 ■' 
 
 " 
 
 Married Rev. M. 
 Jameson, 1S78. 
 
 Mrs. C. B.Thomas 
 
 1874 
 
 Henthada, " 
 
 " 
 
 In the field. 
 
 Mrs. L. A. Kuowlton. . . 
 
 1853 
 
 Ningpo, " 
 
 China. 
 
 In this country since 
 
 ,875. 
 Died, 1S76. 
 
 Miss M. H. Stetson 
 
 1875 
 
 Maulmain, " 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 " E.A. Chace 
 
 1875 
 
 ■ 1 It 
 
 " 
 
 Married Rev. W. H. 
 S. Hascall, 1877. 
 
 Mrs. D. Estahrooks 
 
 187s 
 
 >( 11 
 
 Eurasian. 
 
 Died, 187S. 
 
 Miss C. A. Sands 
 
 1875 
 
 Yokohama, Japan. 
 
 Japanese. 
 
 In the field. 
 
 " A.H.Kidder 
 
 1875 
 
 Tokio, " 
 
 " 
 
 11 It 
 
 " M.Sheldon 
 
 1876 
 
 Maulmain, Burmah. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 " " 
 
 " E. H. Pavne 
 
 1876 
 
 " '• 
 
 " 
 
 " '* 
 
 '• E. F. McAllister.. 
 
 1877 
 
 Bassein, " 
 
 Karen. 
 
 (1 i> 
 
 " J. C. Bromley .... 
 
 1877 
 
 Prome, " 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 Died, 1882. 
 
 " L. K. Rathbun 
 
 1877 
 
 Rangooii, " 
 
 " 
 
 In the field. 
 
 Mrs. J. M.. Haswell.... 
 
 1835 
 
 Maulmain, " 
 
 <( 
 
 " " 
 
 MissM. M.Day 
 
 1878 
 
 Nellore, India. 
 
 Telugu. 
 
 11 i( 
 
 *' Ulie Cross 
 
 1878 
 
 Toungoo, Burmah. 
 
 Karen. 
 
 Married Rev. A. V. 
 
 Crumb, 1878. 
 Married Rev. W. I. 
 
 " R. E.Batson 
 
 187S 
 
 Shwaygyeen, " 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Price, 1880. 
 
 '• M.Iiiussell 
 
 1878 
 
 Tura, Assam. 
 
 Garo. 
 
 In the field. 
 
 Mrs. C. H. Carpenter.. 
 
 1862 
 
 Bassein, Burmah. 
 
 Karen. 
 
 In the United States. 
 
 " H. Morrow 
 
 1876 
 
 Tavoy, " 
 
 " 
 
 In the field. 
 
 " L. Jewett 
 
 1848 
 
 Madras, India. 
 
 Telugu. 
 
 " " 
 
 " D. Downie 
 
 1873 
 
 Nellore, " 
 
 " 
 
 In the United States. 
 
 •• W.W.Campbell.. 
 
 1873 
 
 Secunderabad, India. 
 
 " 
 
 •' " " 
 
 " A. Loiighridge. .. . 
 
 1875 
 
 Hanamaconda, " 
 
 " 
 
 " " " 
 
 Dr. E. E. Mitchell 
 
 1879 
 
 Maulmain, Burmah. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 In the field. 
 
 Miss A. M. Harkley .... 
 
 1879 
 
 " " 
 
 " 
 
 «. <i 
 
 " A. L. Buell 
 
 1879 
 
 Rangoon, " 
 
 " 
 
 Married Rev. W. H. 
 Roberts. 
 
 " E. J. Munson .... 
 
 1879 
 
 Tokio, Japan. 
 
 Japanese. 
 
 Married Rev. W. J. 
 White, 1882. 
 
 Mrs. J. B. Kelley 
 
 1871 
 
 Rangoon, Burmah. 
 
 Burmese. 
 
 In the field. 
 
 Miss E. L. Upham 
 
 18S0 
 
 Toungoo, " 
 
 " 
 
 •' " 
 
 " M. A. Kockwood.. 
 
 18S0 
 
 " •' 
 
 Shan. 
 
 Died, 1882. 
 
 Mrs. H. J. Nichols .... 
 
 1878 
 
 Madras, India. 
 
 Telugu. 
 
 Died, 1881. 
 
 " H.W.Mix 
 
 1882 
 
 TouiiEoo, Burmah. 
 
 Shan. 
 
 In the field. 
 
 " Z. A. Bunn 
 
 J 882 
 
 Maulmain, " 
 
 Eurasjan. 
 
 
 32 
 
WOMAN'S BAPTIST MISSIONARY SOCIETY 
 OF THE WEST. 
 
 It was a happy inspiration which suggested the idea of a 
 special organization of Christian women to promote the work of 
 evangelizing the heathen women. They can never know the 
 Saviour till the Church shall feel more of that constraining love 
 of Christ which animated the first Christians. No doubt a great 
 deal that was done to send out the Judsons and Boardmans, 
 the Careys and Ashmores, was done by women. But so far, 
 women were not organized ; and organization multiplies pow- 
 er. It Vi^as therefore a happy inspiration when some warm- 
 hearted Christian suggested the thought of organizing women for 
 this noblest of works. It would be pleasant and profitable if it 
 were possible to re-produce the reasons of our organization, the 
 way and means adopted for promoting its growth, and to glance 
 backward to the labors of the women in the field. It was not 
 until 1870, that the attention of Baptist women was turned to- 
 wards a special organization for a special purpose, which was 
 nothing less than Christianizing the women of heathendom. In 
 the month of August of that year, there was a gathering of friends 
 at Chicago, to join in the farewell services of the Rev. R. E. 
 Neighbor, who was about to go to his designated field in Assam. 
 Among these friends interested in the work of missions, the idea 
 of organizing a Woman's Society of the West, was discussed, and 
 rapidly took form and shape, so that the same month a plan was 
 23 
 
34 WOMAN S MISSIONARY SOCIETIES. 
 
 presented to the American Baptist Missionary Union, through its 
 then foreign secretary, Dr. Warren, who, though himself hesi- 
 tant at first as to whether the time for such a movement had fully 
 come, — upon further consideration gave it personal and official 
 sanction. May 9, 1S71, the Society was organized, a constitution 
 adopted, and officers elected. The officers were Mrs. Robert 
 Harris, President ; Mrs. A. M. Bacon, Recording Secretary ; 
 Mrs. C. F. Tolman, Corresponding Secretary, and Mrs. S. M. Os- 
 good, Treasurer. 
 
 The Society was auxiliary to the Missionary Union, being 
 formally accepted as such at their Anniversary meeting later in 
 May, and work immediately began. Articles and appeals were 
 published in the missionary magazine, and the religious papers ; 
 reports of meetings were prepared, and after March, 1S73, the 
 Helping Hand was published with the Missionary Magazine in 
 the interest of the societies East and West. At the first semi- 
 annual meeting, Miss A. L. Stevens was present, — the first ap- 
 plicant for an appointment to the foreign field. She was desig- 
 nated to Bassein, Burmah. The circumstances connected with 
 Miss Stevens have been of peculiar interest. The very day she 
 met the Committee, our city was burned up, and the outfit pre- 
 pared for her was burned at the depot. The Society of the East 
 gave timely aid in providing for her, so that her departure was 
 not delayed. She went her way "with joy." The next month 
 another sister knocked at the door of the foreign field. She was 
 recommended for appointment, leaving the time for her depart- 
 ure contingent on the state of the treasury. Funds came in unex- 
 pectedl}', and by the time her appointment was decided and her 
 field designated, the Board was ready to meet her expenses. The 
 farewell services were held in Chicago, and she sailed alone Dec. 
 30, for India. The Society also assumed the support of Mrs. 
 
BAPTIST. 35 
 
 Scott, who had been laboring there several years, with her hus- 
 band, who had recently died. Thus, within the first year of its 
 existence, the new organization had equipped and sent out two 
 missionaries, supported another, aided in sustaining a school for 
 girls in Newgong, under the care of Miss Maria Bronson, and 
 one in Gowhati, and the Normal School at Bassein, also sup- 
 porting two Bible women at Nowgong. Miss Maria Bronson, al- 
 ready at work at Nowgong, was soon added to the list of the mis- 
 sionaries of this Society, and during the second year Miss East- 
 man was designated to Toungoo, Burmah ; Miss Rankin was ap- 
 pointed to go to the assistance of Mrs. Scott at Gowhati, Assam. 
 But before she could I'each this far-off station, Mrs. Scott had 
 been obliged to leave it, and with her children, to return to this 
 country, where she is still awaiting the providential opening of a 
 Christian home for her children ; in the meantime preparing her- 
 self for wider usefulness, in caring for the bodies as well as the 
 souls of her widely extended parish, by taking a thorough course 
 of medical instruction. 
 
 We had begun to hear " voices from the fields across the seas" 
 telling of the scenes which now met their eyes, pagodas and ter- 
 raced roofs, of cocoanut trees, with graceful, feathery foliage, of 
 broad rivers with stately ships of all nations riding at anchor, 
 and far away the range of hills behind which the sun sets. Sur- 
 rounded by such scenes, we knew that our first missionary had 
 found herself and her work, and that she was busy and happy, 
 so that we were strangely unprepared for words like these, " I 
 must unclasp my hands from the work to which I had given 
 myself, the work of my choice. I must lay it down, so soon, 
 just at the beginning, and retrace my steps. I thought I had 
 something to give to the work. I have nothing more. All 
 is behind me. My heart is sad for the school, for the dear 
 
36 woman's missionary societies. 
 
 Karen girls, and for the disappointment it will bring you at 
 home. I follow the same Guiding Hand which led me here. 
 Though but one short year has been given me, I thank God for 
 this, the golden j'ear of my life. It is worth all it can cost me." 
 Miss Stevens reached Chicago May 24, 1S73, very feeble, and 
 though unable to stand, was able to give Miss Baldwin, her suc- 
 cessor at Bassein, an address of welcome to all that was so dear 
 to her in the work from which she had so sadly unclasped her 
 hands, — to the dear and familiar room she would occupy, with 
 its lamp trimmed and its furnishings in perfect order, and to the 
 loving girls who would receive her so joyfully. Time and space 
 would fail us were we to attempt to mention the details of the 
 work at home or abroad. At the fourth annual meeting the 
 Treasurer reported the receipts at $11,105. Circles were con- 
 tinually being organized, and the churches were evidently being 
 blessed through them. Two cultured and consecrated young 
 women were ready to go to the distant harvest fields. Miss 
 Maria Bronson was smitten with cholera, and in a few hours was 
 borne from the steamer on which she died, to her night-burial at 
 Gowalpara. Miss Helen E. Watson was designated to Hen- 
 thada, Burmah, and sailed January 17, 1874. She was anxious 
 to go to the regions beyond and engage in direct evangelistic 
 work. She was relieved of school work, and went to Zeegong, 
 from which point she took journeys and went from house to house, 
 telling all who would listen, of the Saviour. She is still in the 
 service of the Society, though married to Mr. R. B. Hancock, 
 and is now at Henthada. 
 
 Miss Mary A. Wood was designated to Gowalpara, and Miss 
 Ella Gaylord to Nowgong to take Miss Bronson's place. She 
 never reached this designation, as she married at Calcutta a fel- 
 low-passenger, missionary of another society, and went with her 
 husband to Northern India. , 
 
BAPTIST. 37 
 
 Miss Wood was transferred to Nellore, and to Ongole, and 
 finally to Ramapatam, where she married Rev. A. A. Newhall, 
 and was, as the wife of a missionary, under the Missionary Un- 
 ion's care. She was a foithful and energetic worker. She died 
 October 9, 1S77. As Miss Peabody had, after six years of hard 
 labor at Ramapatam, married the Rev. C. Pearce, and removed 
 to her husband's home on the Nilgherry Hills, her connection with 
 the Society of the West was severed in August, 1877, and Rama- 
 patam was left with no female teacher. 
 
 Miss Anna M. Sweet was sent to Nowgong, Miss Bronson's 
 still vacant place, and Miss Orrel Keeler sailed with her for Gow- 
 hati, where Miss Rankm, who had married Rev. Dr. Bronson, 
 was caring for the school, though her relations with the Society 
 were severed. Miss S. J. Higby was sent to Maulmain in May, 
 1876, and the autumn of that year the Society sent its first repre- 
 sentative to China, Miss Mary E. Thompson, who is at Swatow, 
 learning the language with all her might. In October, 1877, 
 Miss L. Ella Miller was designated to Rangoon, to assist Dr. 
 Packer in the College, while studying the language and the peo- 
 ple she went to serve. She is with Mrs. Binney, who has just 
 become a missionary of this society, her husband having died on 
 the voyage back to the home and the work he so loved. Within 
 a week after the departure of these last, we sent a second repre- 
 sentative to China, Miss A. Sophia A. Norwood, wlio accompa- 
 nied Dr. and Mrs. Ashmore, as they returned to their work at 
 Swatow. The Societ}- has just held its seventh annual meeting in 
 Indianapolis, Ind. As we go up annually to these feasts, we can see 
 a marked improvement in all respects. The women of our church- 
 es are giving more thoughtful consideration to the question of 
 duty, of exercising such talents and gifts as they have found they 
 possessed, — gifts of utterance, gifts of far-reaching helpfulness. 
 
38 woman's missionary societies. 
 
 The methods of work are slowly gaining in efficiency, though 
 they are very simple — a vice-president and state secretary in 
 each state, an executive committee, to work with the associa- 
 tional secretaries in awakening and developing the interest in the 
 weakest and remotest churches. The circles in the associations 
 report to the secretary of the association the amount contributed, 
 but forward the money directly to the general treasurer, while 
 the reports of meetings and memberships are sent to the assistant 
 secretary, by her reported to the state secretary, who sums them 
 up and reports to the corresponding secretary. Each circle can 
 arrange its programme, and arrange any plan which promises 
 success in educating and directing an intelligent interest in the 
 society's operations. The result of the seven years' work in con- 
 ducting these circles is to show us all how ignorant even the 
 best-informed among us, are, as to the real life and condition of 
 tliose among whom we are sending our daughters ; and the need 
 is felt, and acknowledged, for knowledge on all points tliat con- 
 cern the dwellers in those strange lands. 
 
 OFFICERS. 
 
 President. — Mrs. Robert Harris. 
 
 Recording' Secretary. — Mrs. J. O. Brayman, Chicago. 
 Corresponding Secretary. — Mrs. A. M. Bacon, Dundee, IIL 
 Treasurer. —Mrs. C. R. Blacliall, Chicago, lU. 
 
BAPTIST. 39 
 
 Woman's Baptist Missionary Society of the West, 
 1878-82. 
 
 At the eighth annual meeting, Mrs. H. M. Robert, of Mil- 
 waukee, Wis., was elected President, in place of Mrs. Robert Har- 
 ris, who had removed to New York. The Treasurer, Mrs. C. R. 
 Blackall, having also removed there, was succeeded by Mrs. F. A. 
 Smith, of Chicago. 
 
 During this year, the Society sent out its first medical mission- 
 ary. Miss Caroline H. Daniells, stationed at Swatow, Chma, where 
 she is doing good missionary medical work. Miss Emma O. Ambrose 
 was sent to the assistance of Miss Eastman, at Toungoo, Burmah. 
 
 At the ninth annual meeting, Mrs. A. J. Howe was chosen 
 President. Miss Emma Inveen and Miss Flora B. Lightfoot sailed, 
 Nov. 15, from San Francisco for Ningpo, China. 
 
 During the tenth year. Miss Frances E. Palmer, of St. Johns, 
 Mich., sailed for Toungoo, Burmah ; and Miss Marie Menke, of 
 Ciistrin, Germany, arrived at Madras, India, Dec. 13, of the same 
 year. Mrs. C. M. Hill was adopted, and is at work at Bexley, 
 Liberia. 
 
 A Bureau of Intelligence was opened during the tenth year, 
 and works in three departments, — Foreign, Home, and Children's. 
 
 The eleventh j'ear was marked by increased activity at home 
 and abroad. Miss Anna K. Brandt went to Nowgong, Assam, and 
 Miss Naomi Garton, to Maulmain, Burmah. A mission station was 
 opened in Paris, France, Madame Ernestine Andru in charge, A 
 committee on Bible instruction for candidates for foreign mission 
 service was appointed, and another for medical instruction. Work 
 among the Scandinavians was enlarged by the appointment of Miss 
 Olsen as Conference Secretary ; and Miss Emma Rauschenbusch 
 
40 WOMAN S MISSIONARY SOCIETIES. 
 
 was appointed Secretary of the German Conference. Just at the 
 close of the year, Miss Rauschenbusch was accepted as a mission- 
 ary for foreign fields. Of the twenty-six missionaries who have been 
 sent abroad and supported by this Society, eight are from Illinois, 
 five from Iowa, four from Michigan, two from Ohio, and one each 
 from Indiana, Missouri, Wisconsin, and Nebraska. Three have been 
 assumed while on the foreign field ; four have married missionaries 
 of the Union ; two have gone to other fields ; two are in this 
 country ; and two have entered into rest. 
 
 Mrs. E. W. Brayman. 
 
 OFFICERS, 1882. 
 
 President. — Mrs. A. J. Howe, University of Chicago. 
 Vice-President. — Mrs. C. F. Tolman, 41 University Place, Chicago. 
 Recording Secretary.— Mrs. E. W. Brayman, 78 Twelfth Street, Chicago. 
 Corresponding Secretary. — Mrs. A. M. lincon, Oak Park, 111. 
 Treasurer. — Mrs. F. A. Smith, 151 Wabash Avenue, Chicago. 
 
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THE WOMAN'S BAPTIST FOREIGN MISSIONARY 
 SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC COAST. 
 
 This Society was organized in the First Baptist Church, San 
 Francisco, Oct. 14, 1874. A local Society, established by Mrs. 
 Thorndike Jameson, had already been in existence two years in 
 Oakland. 
 
 Mrs. Cogswell and Mrs. Garthwaite, of Oakland, while attend- 
 ing the Association, tried to increase the spirit of missions among 
 the women of our church. It was thought by pastors and ladies 
 present on this occasion, that the interest of Foreign Missions 
 would be further promoted by forming a Society on the Coast, as 
 we were as far removed from the Society of the West, as they were, 
 from the Society that had its centre in Boston. 
 
 A meeting was called the following week for the purpose of 
 drawing up a Constitution and By-Laws, and nominating officers. 
 The day appointed being rainy, only three were present, Mrs. C. T. 
 Garthwaite, Mrs. F. M. Conro and Mrs. Wattson. They talked, 
 and wrote, and planned, as best they could, for future work. 
 
 The first meeting was held Nov. 14, 1874, in the First Church, 
 San Francisco. Plans were made for forming church circles, and 
 solicitors appointed in several churches. The Corresponding Sec- 
 retary and Treasurer were requested to attend the Association held 
 in Vacaville, in May 1874, and present the work of our Society. 
 
 In our work of half a year, we realized from Oakland, Brook- 
 lyn and First Church, San Francisco, $110.70 in gold; $9.00 for 
 42 
 
BAPTIST. 43 
 
 printing was deducted. The balance, changed to currency amount- 
 ing to $ii6., was forwarded to Boston. 
 
 The iirst annual meeting was held March 14, 1876, in the First 
 Baptist Church, San Francisco. Addresses were made by Rev. B. 
 S. McLafferty, and Mrs. L. N. Knowlton, a returned missionary from 
 China. It was a full and happy day ; all felt encouraged in the 
 work. For the ten months our receipts amounted to nearly $300. 
 
 Although our Corresponding Secretary sent many letters to the 
 churches up and down the coast, it was found almost impossible to 
 interest the people in that way ; very few answers were received. 
 
 No Society having been formed in Nevada, Mrs. T. G. Negus 
 sent to the Treasurer $5.00 in gold, as an expression of her sympa- 
 thy in the work. 
 
 . Our second annual meeting was held in the Oakland church, 
 March, 1S77. 
 
 Mrs. J. C. Baker accompanied her husband to Oregon to attend 
 the Association, for the purpose of representing our work and of 
 organizing circles in the churches there represented. Two years 
 before this, a circle had been formed in Portland and one in Salem. 
 
 Of this visit Mrs. Warren says, " I recognized the hand of God 
 in this movement, and fully realized the impulse Mrs. Baker would 
 give the cause by her personal effort, and gladly welcomed her. I 
 know we would have done something, had she not come ; but she 
 placed the work upon a level which it would have taken us years to 
 attain. I think God opened our hearts to feel the need of aid, that 
 we might be ready to give her suitable encouragement." A good 
 work has been done since by Mrs. Warren. 
 
 Mrs. Grace Green, Vice-President for Washington Territory, 
 has been a faithful worker since our organization. In 1875, she re- 
 ported circles formed in Olympia and Seattle. Other circles have 
 been formed, and the work is increasing in interest. 
 
44 WOMAN S MISSIONARY SOCIETIES. 
 
 Mrs. M. L. Carter sent a report from Victoria, British Colum- 
 bia, in 1S78 ; and seven dollars as the first collection from their cir- 
 cle. We expect Idaho will soon join us in this good work. 
 
 In the seven and a half years of our existence, we have sent 
 $4,237.83 to the Missionary Union at Boston. It is a small sum 
 for a Society established so long as ours : yet we do not feel dis- 
 couraged, but hope much may be accomplished by our united efforts. 
 Our motto shall be, " All the Wide World for Christ." 
 
 Mrs. M. E. Wattson. 
 July, 1882. 
 
 officers. 
 
 President. — Mrs. B. S. McLaffertv. 
 
 f For California, Mrs. O. W. Gates. 
 
 Vice-Presidents— \ \\ S""""";- m'"' "J- ^I'^'r-'i, 
 
 I " Nevada, Mrs. C L. Fisher. 
 
 I. " Washington Territory, Mrs. G. W. Green. 
 
 Recording- Secretary. — Mrs. D. K. Woodbridge. 
 
 Corresponding Secretary. — Mrs. F. M. Conro. 
 
 'J reasurer. — Mrs. M. E. Wattson. 
 
FREE BAPTIST WOMAN'S MISSIONARY 
 SOCIETY. 
 
 In the autumn of 1847, the women of the Free Baptist denom- 
 ination, at a session of its triennial General Conference held in 
 Sutton, Vt., entered into an organization known as the Free Bap- 
 tist Female Mission Society. Organizations were soon formed, in 
 nearly all the Yearly Meetings, auxiliary to the general society ; 
 in the Quarterly Meetings, auxiliary to the yearly meetings ; in the 
 churches, auxiliary to the quarterly meetings ; or, where church 
 societies could not be sustained, solicitors were appointed to secure 
 and collect weekly pledges from the members, both men and 
 women. 
 
 It was an organization for the work of circulating missionary 
 intelligence and collecting money for the Free Baptist Home and 
 Foreign Missionary Societies. It continued in active operation 
 over twenty years and did much good and effective service. It was 
 never formally dissolved. Its leaders, from change of circumstances, 
 were unable to continue the carrying forward the work, and their 
 places not being supplied, the meetings of the general organizations 
 were neglected. There were, however, a few bright exceptions where 
 yearly and quarterly meetings and church societies continued to 
 exist, and are still bearing fruit under the later organizations. 
 
 In the year 1873, our India band of workers, always weak in 
 numbers, had been sadly reduced by sickness and death. The sur- 
 viving missionaries appealed to the women to reanimate the society 
 
 45 
 
46 woman's missionary societies. 
 
 that had languished or to form a new one. Their appeal found them 
 already moving in the matter. 
 
 The women's societies that had then been recently formed in 
 the larger denominations had taken advanced ground from that oc- 
 cupied by our former society. So when the women met in conven- 
 tion, at a session of the New Hampshire Yearly Meeting, held in 
 Sandwich, June, 1873, to consider the question of organization, 
 they decided that instead of remaining merely a channel through 
 which funds were to flow, that they would take the advanced 
 ground, select and support their own missionaries, with the appro- 
 bation of the Foreign Mission Board. The Society was organized 
 June II, 1873 ; and the constitution then adopted, with a few modi- 
 fications, has continued the one by which it is governed. 
 
 The Free Baptist denomination had always been intensely 
 anti-slavery ; consequently, as soon as emancipation took place, the 
 sympathies of its women were actively enlisted in behalf of their 
 down-trodden southern sisters. So in framing the constitution, they 
 were carefully remembered. The Free Baptist mission at Harper's 
 Ferry, West Va., with its college charter and normal school for f reed- 
 men and freed-women, offered it an inviting field, which it was not 
 slow to occupy. 
 
 Finding the girls crowded in quarters close almost to suffoca- 
 tion, it undertook to erect a boarding hall, whose foundations had 
 been laid by others some years previously, when a failure of funds 
 arrested the work. The effort proved a success, and Myrtle Hall 
 stands now a monument of the Society's labor. Later it has 
 helped in the erection of Anthony Hall, containing recitation-rooms, 
 library and chapel. It has also assisted many of the girls to pro- 
 long their stay in the school, and sustains some of the teachers. 
 Recently it has begun to make appropriations for home mission 
 work, especially in the frontier States. 
 
FREE BAPTIST. 4/ 
 
 In January, 1878, the first number of The Missionary Helper, a 
 bi-monthly magazine was issued by the Society. It has a circulation 
 of thirty-six hundred copies. It is published in Providence, Rhode 
 Island, and is edited by Mrs. J. M. Brewster, and enters upon its 
 sixth year as a monthly publication having obtained an honorable 
 place among missionary literature. 
 
 About two hundred and eighty auxiliary societies and children's 
 bands form the constituency, most of which are in New England. 
 Many other women's societies are in sympathy in churches west of 
 New England, but these are generally auxiliary to their respective 
 State Associations, through whose treasuries most of their funds 
 flow to the Free Baptist Foreign Missionary Society and to Home 
 Mission work within their own boundaries. The aggregate amount 
 of its receipts, since its formation, is $23,941.21. 
 
 It is now sustaining five missionaries in India and two mission- 
 ary teachers at Harper's Ferry. It is also largely aiding the work 
 at all our India stations, in employing native christian teachers in 
 the zenanas, and in the Day-schools. It has a large number of chil- 
 dren from the lowest strata of heathen society taught in the Ragged 
 schools at Midnapore, under the care of Mrs. Dr. J. L. Phillips ; it 
 is establishing an Industrial school at the same place, and a Sanita- 
 rium in the Himalayas. It also has the care of an Orphanage at 
 Jellasore. 
 
 Each year since the organization of the Society, there has been 
 a steady increase of receipts, and a constantly deepening interest 
 in the work of extending the Redeemer's kingdom. More clearly 
 is heard the call which summons women to the glorious privileges 
 of this nineteenth century to organize for the overthrow of ignorance 
 and oppression. 
 
 Through our regiment is small, yet "in the name of the Lord 
 have we set up our banner," and we hope to press on with a steady 
 
48 
 
 WOMAN S MISSIONARY SOCIETIES. 
 
 march, in union with the grand phalanx of workers, to certain 
 victory, and to a shout in the grand song of triumph. 
 
 Mrs. M. M. H. Hills. 
 October, 1882. 
 
 officers. 
 
 President. — VIt^. E. S. BurlinKame, Providence, R. T. 
 
 Recording Secretary. — Mrs. J. L. Tourtelott, Providence, R. I. 
 
 Corresponding Secretary.— Mrs. J. A. Lowell, Danville, N. H. 
 
 ,- _ , . ( Mrs. V. G. Ramsev, North Berwick, Me. 
 
 Home Secretaries. — | ,. i^:^-^\^\^ Cilley Griffin, Gilbert's Mills, N. Y. 
 
 Treasurer. — IsWss Laura A. DeMeritte, Dover, N. H. 
 
 Editor and PuUisJier of the Missionary Helper. — Mrs. J. M. Brewster, Providence, R. I. 
 
 Missionaries of the Free Baptist Woman's Missionary 
 Society, 1874-82. 
 
 
 -c 
 
 
 
 
 Missionaries. 
 
 c 
 '3 
 
 < 
 
 Station. 
 
 Home. 
 
 By what District 
 Supported. 
 
 Miss Susan R. Libbey*. 
 
 1874 
 
 Balasore, India. 
 
 Dover, N. H. 
 
 
 •• Ida 0. Phillips ... . 
 
 1877 
 
 " 
 
 Hillsdale, Mich. 
 
 By Children's Bands. 
 
 " Hattle P.Phillips.. 
 
 187S 
 
 Jellasore, " 
 
 Chicago, 111. 
 
 Rhode Island. 
 
 " Mary E. Bacheler . 
 
 1882 
 
 Midnapore, " 
 
 New Hampton, N. H. 
 
 Maine Western. 
 
 Mrs. D. F. Smith 
 
 1882 
 
 Balasore, " 
 
 Manchester, N. H. 
 
 Vermont. 
 
 Miss Lovina C. Coombs. 
 
 1882 
 
 Not yet stationed. 
 
 Lewiston, Me. 
 
 Maine Central. 
 
 " Lura E. Brackett . . 
 
 1874 
 
 Harper's Ferry, W.Va. 
 
 Phillips, Me. 
 
 New Hampshire. 
 
 " Coralie L. Franklin, 
 
 1880 
 
 (1 (1 <( 
 
 Harper's Ferry, 'W.Va. 
 
 Rhode Island. 
 
 * Died June 24, 1878, at Contai, India. 
 
CONGREGATIONAL WOMAN'S BOARD 
 OF MISSIONS. 
 
 EARLIEST RECORDS. 
 
 The earliest mention of a Woman's Missionary Society in the 
 Congregational Church is that of the " Boston Female Society for 
 Promoting the Diffusion of Christian Knowledge," in 1801. Its 
 object was to raise funds to pass over to the " Massachusetts Mis- 
 sionary Society " which was of the same denomination, formed in 
 1799. The design of this latter organization was "to diffuse the 
 gospel among the people in the newly settled parts of our country, 
 among the Indians, and through more distant regions, as circum- 
 stances shall invite, and the ability of the Society shall admit." 
 
 A year later, mention is made of cent Societies formed among 
 women, also contributing to the same general Society. Many of 
 these contributions were to be used specially for foreign missions, 
 or, as the word foreign, was then understood — to the Aborigines 
 of our own country The foreign department of the Massachusetts 
 Missionary Society gradually acquired more and more importance 
 till it was absorbed by the formation of the American Board. The 
 original organization then assumed the form of a distinctive Home 
 Society which it retains to this day, as the American Home Mission- 
 ary Society. The cent Societies we find contributing to the Amer- 
 ican Board immediately after its organization ; and, as early as 18 12, 
 mention is made of contributions from a Woman's Foreign Mission- 
 ary Society in New Haven, Conn. This Society in New Haven 
 was soon followed by others similar to it, till in 1839, there were 
 six hundred and eighty of these " Auxiliaries." 
 
 In the meantime maternal Associations had been established 
 
 49 
 
50 WOMAN S MISSIONARY SOCIETIES. 
 
 in different places. The first of these was started by Mrs. Edward 
 Payson, in Portland, Maine, in 1815 ; the second in the Old South 
 Church, in Boston, in 18 16. Connected with these Associations, 
 which soon multiplied quite extensively, were a large number of 
 children who were regular attendants at their Quarterly Meetings 
 and who were trained to work for missions : in many of these, 
 money was raised for the education of a heathen child. These 
 organizations flourished till 1S42, when they began to decline and, 
 by i860, became nearly extinct. The female Auxiliaries of the 
 American Board, being mainly in the hands of collectors and having 
 no provision in their organization for nurture and perpetuity had 
 also declined, so that there were comparatively few in existence. 
 
 At about this time, a number of Christian women were provi- 
 dentially called to revive the maternal Associations and they also 
 thought it incumbent upon them to reawaken an interest among 
 children in the conversion of the world. For this object, a mothers' 
 meeting, under the auspices of the Union Maternal Association of 
 Boston, was held for eight consecutive years, by permission of the 
 American Board, in connection with its Annual Meeting. This proved 
 instrumental in quickening Christian mothers' to consecrate their 
 children to Christ, and themselves to the salvation of heathen women. 
 The interest thus aroused prepared the way, in great measure, for the 
 formation of the Woman's Board and its subsequent success. 
 
 The American Board began its efforts to reach heathen women 
 through the labors of single ladies very early in its history. In 
 18 1 7 two ladies were already teaching among the Indians, and 
 between that date and i860 no less than one hundred and four were 
 engaged in the same work. In addition to these, there were thirty- 
 six laboring in other fields. Special interest in this particular 
 department was first awakened in Christian lands by Rev. David 
 Abeel, a missionary of the A. B. C. F. M. His efforts in England 
 
CONGREGATIONAL. 5 1 
 
 led to the formation of the Society for the Promotion of Female 
 Education in the East, in 1834, and of other kindred organizations 
 through which a good work has been accomplished. Upon this 
 model, in part, and at the suggestion of the missionary just named, 
 the Woman's Union Missionary Society of New York was organized. 
 
 ORIGIN OF THE PRESENT SOCIETY. 
 
 By a singular providence, just at the close of our late war, 
 when the talents and energies of the women of the country had 
 been largely developed in alleviating its miseries, and were thus 
 prepared to be transferred to a new field of action, the great Head 
 of the Church inaugurated the work now being done by Woman's 
 Boards. Missionaries in the foreign field, societies at home sus- 
 taining them, and many Christians in our churches, were simultan- 
 eously led by the Holy Ghost to the conviction that the time had 
 come for special efforts in behalf of heathen women. . 
 
 In 1S67, a few women in Boston were deeply affected by the 
 tidings borne on almost every breeze from foreign shores, that 
 the barriers which had impeded the giving of the Gospel to their 
 pagan sisters were breaking down. Recognizing the guiding 
 hand of God in these opening doors, they felt an increased re- 
 sponsibility to obey the last command of their risen Lord. They 
 had also been interested in reading from " The Missionary Link" 
 accounts of the work in India, under the auspices of the Woman's 
 Union ^Missionary Society in New York, and rejoiced in the evi- 
 dence that the Master had greatly owned and blessed their labors. 
 They were convinced, however, that to meet the enlarged demands 
 of their sex, then becoming accessible to woman, and in many 
 fields to her only, there should be a united efiort of Christian 
 women throughout the country. How this could be most ef- 
 
52 woman's missionary societies. 
 
 fectually accomplished, was a question that weighed heavily upon 
 their hearts. Stated meetings for prayer and conference were 
 held, and a plan devised and adopted for correspondence and visi- 
 tation, to awaken and secure a general interest in the subject. 
 Eight months were spent in communication by letter, or by per- 
 sonal calls on the secretaries of foreign missionary societies, on 
 returned missionaries, and on the wisest counsellors of the 
 churches. 
 
 It was believed, that in the progress of missions, an independ- 
 ent woman's society was inadequate to meet all the needs of 
 the work now evidently opening. Faith beholding converts flock- 
 ing to Christ " as doves to their windows," it seemed impera- 
 tive that new female societies should be associated with existing 
 missionary boards having already organized churches, through 
 which believers could receive the ordinances and the privileges 
 of the stated ministry. It was also apparent, that becoming aux- 
 iliary to such organizations, the work would be conducted more 
 economically, and with greater success. 
 
 At first a union of denominations was contemplated. While 
 much interest was manifested by the different evangelical boards 
 in the movement, the American Board of Commissioners for 
 Foreign Missions alone responded, by formal propositions devel- 
 oping a plan by which the women, in sympathy with their work, 
 could co-operate with them in attaining the proposed end. 
 
 organization. 
 On the first Tuesday of January, iS6S, about forty ladies rep- 
 resenting the Congregational churches in Boston and vicinity, met 
 in the Old South Chapel, Freeman Place, to consider the subject 
 of organization in connection with the American Board. Con- 
 vened, as they believed, by the Divine Spirit, they earnestly in- 
 
CONGREGATIONAL. 
 
 53 
 
 quired, " Lord, what will thou have us to do?" with unwavering 
 faith that He would direct. The Word was read, "Fear not, I 
 will help thee. Fear thou not, for I am with thee. Be not dis- 
 mayed, for I am thy God. I will strengthen thee, yea, I will 
 help thcc ; yea, I will uphold thee with the right hand of my 
 righteousness;" and the imited cry went up, "O Lord, remem- 
 ber this word unto thy handmaids, on which thou has caused 
 them to hope." 
 
 The degradation and woes cf heathen women were describ- 
 ed by returned missionary ladies, Mrs. Winslow of the Madura 
 Mission, and Mrs. Dr. Butler, missionary of the M. E. Church 
 in Northern India. It was shown that their condition had always 
 Interposed an insuperable obstacle to the spread of the gospel ; 
 while many encouraging facts were given to prove that a wide 
 and effectual door was being opened for their evangelization. 
 Mrs. Butler expressed her sympathy with the object of the meet- 
 ing, and stated that her husband's heart was set upon carrying out 
 in his own church the plan now proposed, of sending out single 
 women to labor for their own sex. In Northern, India, the only 
 way of reaching the women was through the wives of missiona- 
 ries, who, with their own family cares, were wholly unequal to 
 the woi^k. It was her opinion that a wide and effectual door of 
 usefulness was open to women without domestic cares. 
 
 A statement of the work of the eight previous months, which 
 had culminated in this meeting, also the propositions of the 
 American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, togeth- 
 er with a letter from Dr. Clark, the Foreign Secretar}^, setting 
 forth strongly the need of such a movement, were presented and 
 freely discussed. It was deemed very significant, that while earn- 
 est calls v^ere being addressed to the American Board for female 
 laborers to sfo abroad, well educated Christian women were ofler- 
 
54 woman's missionary societies. 
 
 ing to go. Additional means were needed to send them ; and a 
 strong appeal was made to furnish these. Shall the devoted, 
 zealous young sisters, ready to go, be sent? was one of the grave 
 questions of the occasion ; while the claims of those sitting in 
 "■ the region and shadow of death," were freely admitted. The 
 voice of the meetingwas as follows: " Grateful for living in such 
 an age, and in view of the sublime possibilities of the hour, we 
 will, by sympathy, prayer, labor and contributions, band togeth- 
 er and engage in the blessed work of giving the bread of life to 
 the perishing." The pathway of the future looked dark, but there 
 was light for a first step, and sanctified courage to take it. A res- 
 olution was offered to form a society " co-operating with the 
 American Board in its several departments of labor for the ben- 
 efit of our sex in heathen lands." This was adopted by a rising 
 vote. It was a moment never to be forgotten ; for just then was 
 felt the presence and power of the Holy Ghost, and some were 
 conscious of a new baptism of missionary zeal, the effects of 
 which remain to the present time. Committees of ladies were 
 appointed to prepare a constitution and list of officers ; and on 
 the ensuing week at the same place, the New England Women's 
 Foreign Missionary Society was organized. 
 
 By the special request of leading members of other denomi- 
 national boards, and in accordance with the original plan of union 
 of evangelical sects, the first article of the constitution was adopt- 
 ed as follows : — 
 
 " The object of this Society is to engage the earnest, systematic co- 
 operation of the women of New England, with the existing boards for 
 Foreign Missions, in sending out and supporting unmarried female mission- 
 aries and teachers to heathen women." 
 
 While there was to be union under the organization, in con- 
 ference, prayer, and the home department of work, the treasurer 
 
CONGREGATIONAL. 55 
 
 was to keep a denominational account, crediting each religious 
 body composing the union with the sums received from its con- 
 stituents, and paying the aggregate amount to the Foreign Mis- 
 sionary Society with which it was connected. 
 
 Before the close of January, the society was in active oper- 
 ation. It was a day of beginnings. Not one missionary in the 
 field, not an auxiliary society to rest upon, only a few women, full 
 of faith and zeal, — only these, and God. By the third of Febru- 
 ary, over five hundred dollars had been raised in the Boston 
 churches, and on that day the first missionary was adopted — Mrs. 
 Mary K. Edwards, already under appointment by the American 
 Board for the Zulu Mission. In March, a circular was issued 
 and sent to every Congregational church in the country, follow- 
 ed in September by another, from which is taken the following 
 paragraph: " While the fact is mentioned with gratitude, that 
 responses to our first circular, issued some months since, have 
 been received from Maine to Minnesota, and from California, it 
 is regarded also as a sanction of the Holy Spirit, who has thus 
 blessed our undertaking, by j)reparing so many hearts to help it 
 forward." Thus in the beginning the foundation was laid broad 
 and deep. 
 
 In the incipient stage of the enterprise, the membership knew 
 not whereunto it was called ; and a few months sufficed, by the 
 great enlargement of the work, to show that it would be wiser 
 for the ladies of each denomination to co-operate separately with 
 their own Foreign Missionary Board. 
 
 CHANGE OF CONSTITUTION. 
 
 At a meeting called for the purpose in September of the 
 same year, the Constitution was altered, limiting the labors of the 
 Society to the fields of the American Board.. The restriction of 
 
56 woman's missionary societies. 
 
 work to New England was also removed by changing the name 
 to that of Woman's Board of Missions, whereby ladies in any 
 part of the land, in sympathy with the American Board, could 
 become auxiliary to its work. 
 
 first year's progress. 
 The Society came to its first Annual Meeting in Mt. Vernon 
 Church, Boston, January 5, 1869. It was a stormy day and the 
 streets well-nigh impassable ; but the more than six hundred 
 ladies who had come, not only from suburban towns, but from 
 other States, to be present, showed that the cause had taken deep 
 root in the hearts of Christian women. It was a thanksgiving 
 meeting, and already with grateful hearts they were saying, 
 "What hath God wrought!" An income of $5,033.13 was 
 reported by the treasurer. Seven missionaries were in the field, 
 and eleven Bible-readers adopted. One hundred and twenty- 
 nine life-members were enrolled in the books, and those who 
 loved the cause thanked God and took courage. 
 
 incorporation of the w. b. m. 
 
 In March, 1S69, the Woman's Board of Missions was incor- 
 porated by the Legislature of Massachusetts, with the right to 
 hold property to the amount of two hundred thousand dollars. 
 It has received by legacies over twenty-five thousand dollars, to con- 
 stitute a permanent fund to be held in trust, the income of which 
 is annually to be appropriated for the purposes of its organiza- 
 tion. The Board has also quite a large contingent fund derived 
 from legacies of less than five thousand dollars, held in reserve 
 for buildings. The exact connection of the Society with the 
 American Board, is set forth in the third section of this Act of In- 
 corporation which reads : — 
 
CONGREGATIOXAL. 
 
 57 
 
 ♦' The object and purpose of this corporation shall be to collect, re- 
 ceive and hold money given by voluntary contributions, donations, be- 
 quests or otherwise, to be exclusively expended in sending out and sup- 
 porting such unmarried females as the Prudential Committee of the Amer- 
 ican Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions shall, under the recom- 
 mendation of the Board of Directors of this corporation, designate and ap- 
 point as assistant missionaries for the Christianization of women in foreign 
 lands; and for the support of such other female helpers in the missionary 
 work, as may be selected by the Board of Directors, with the approbation 
 of the said Prudential Committee." 
 
 PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 The month of March, 1S69, was also memorable for the is- 
 sue of the first number of the magazine, " Life and Light for 
 Heathen Women," published quarterly by the Board. During 
 the four years of its existence, as a quarterly, its circulation 
 increased to seven thousand, and its income defrayed all its expens- 
 es, together with those of the home department of the work. 
 The " Children's Qiiarterly," " Echoes " from it, was first publish- 
 ed in June, iS/O. These periodicals were changed to monthly 
 publications in January, 1S73. In 1S76, the Children's Depart- 
 ment was taken from " Life and Light," leaving the much need- 
 ed space for other matter, and published in connection with " The 
 Well Spring," a children's paper issued by the Congregational 
 Publishing Society. The present circulation of" Life and Light" 
 is a little less than thirteen thousand. 
 
 BUSINESS ROOM. 
 
 In June, 1869, a room for business purposes was kindly of- 
 fered in the Missionary House, Pemberton Square. In the next 
 Annual Report, we find the following record : "So enlarged has 
 been the work, and increased the public interest in the cause, that 
 during some days there have been upwards of sixty calls upon 
 
58 woman's missionary societies. 
 
 the Secretary on matters of business." Thus has this provision, 
 made without expense to the organization, proved itself a neces- 
 sity, and been an evident means of enlarging its operations. In 
 February, iS73,*the Woman's Board removed to its present quar- 
 ters, Nos. I and 2 Congregational House, Boston. 
 
 RESULTS. 
 
 When the Woman's Board was formed, three aims w^ere set 
 before it: — 
 
 1. By extra funds, efforts and prayers, to co-operate with 
 the American Board in its several departments of labor for the 
 benefit of women and children in heathen lands. 
 
 2. To disseminate missionary intelligence and increase a 
 missionary spirit among Christian women at home. 
 
 3. To train children to interest and participation in the 
 work. 
 
 In estimating the progress made in these different direc- 
 tions, the records will speak for themselves. There are now con- 
 nected with the Woman's Board sixty-eight missionaries, fifty- 
 eight Bible-women, nineteen boarding schools, besides the Homes 
 in Constantinople, Kioto and Osaka in Japan, Madura in India, 
 and among the Dakota Indians. These schools contain, in all, 
 about eight hundred pupils. There are also forty-nine village 
 and day schools with about one thousand pupils. Of these, five 
 missionaries, one Bible-reader, and two boarding schools are in 
 the Zulu Mission, South Africa ; twenty-nine missionaries, thirty- 
 four Bible-readers, eight boarding schools, besides the Constanti- 
 nople Ilome. and thirty-four day schools in Turkey; sixteen mis- 
 sionaries, twent3'-eight Bible-readers, seven boarding schools, be- 
 sides the Madura Home, and eleven day schools in India and 
 Ceylon ; four missionaries, one Bible-reader, one boarding school 
 
CONGREGATIONAL. 
 
 59 
 
 and two day schools in China ; ten missionaries and the Kioto 
 and Osaka Homes in Japan ; four missionaries, one boarding 
 school and one day school in Papal lands ; a missionary in Mi- 
 cronesia and two at the Home among the Dakbta Indians. In 
 buildings, the Board has erected a " Home " in Constantinople, 
 at a cost of $58,000.00, which is designed to combine evangelistic 
 and medical work with a school for the higher education of Turk- 
 ish women ; six thousand dollars was raised in centennial offer- 
 ings — mostly by children — for a Home in Kioto, Japan ; and ap- 
 propriations of fi'om five hundred to three thousand dollars for 
 new buildings, or for large additions, have been made in each of 
 the following places : Inanda and Umzumbi, So. Africa ; Marso- 
 van, Aintab, Harpoot, Turkey ; Madura, India ; Osaka, Japan ; 
 and for the Dakotas at the Santce Agency, Nebraska. 
 
 The second aim set before the Society at its formation, was to 
 disseminate intelligence and increase missionary zeal among 
 Christian women at home. This the Board has endeavored to do 
 through the press, through social and public meetings, and 
 through personal effort. To do this systematically, the territory 
 under its jurisdiction, including about nineteen hundred churches 
 and one hundred and sixty-five thousand church members, has 
 been divided into Branch Societies and Conference Associations. 
 Each of these organizations has its regularly elected officers, and 
 comprises from fifteen to one hundred and fifty auxiliary societies 
 and mission circles among the children. This system has been 
 so far completed that efficient ladies have been appointed to pro- 
 mote the work in all the churches, each one having charge of from 
 ten to thirty churches, calling to her aid such others as she thinks 
 best. These ladies report regularly to officers of State Bi^anches, 
 or to the Parent Board in Boston. 
 
 There are now connected with the Society, eighteen Branches 
 
6o woman's missionary societies. 
 
 and fifteen Conference Associations, covering the whole of our 
 territory, whose aggregate number of auxiliaries and mission cir- 
 cles, amount to over thirteen hundred. Under the auspices of 
 these organizations, hundreds of meetings are held every year, 
 some of them filling large churches to their utmost capacity. 
 Through their influence much attention is now given to the study 
 of the missionary work in its various aspects ; many original pa- 
 pers are written, many prayers offered. Periodicals and news- 
 papers are searched for items that bear on the missionary cause ; 
 libraries are ransacked for facts on the history, manners, customs 
 and religions of heathen nations, and a thirst for knowledge 
 seems to be created that must result in increased interest. To 
 supply this demand for information, a Bureau of Exchange has 
 been recently established, with a Secretary at its head, through 
 which papers or letters read in one auxiliary, may be made of 
 service to any others that may wish to apply for them. 
 
 Through the press, the last ten years, more than forty millions 
 of pages have been published in periodicals and leaflets, and tens 
 of thousands of circulars and reports been issued. The treasury 
 which supplies the life-blood of the work has so far kept pace 
 with it. The total receipts for 1877, were $84,656.35, an in- 
 crease of nearly $io,ooo over any previous year. Since the be- 
 ginning, exclusive of more than $45,000 received for "Life and 
 Light," the funds have amounted to about $475,000.00. The 
 home expenses, of the first ten years, have been about $9,000, or 
 less than two per cent, on the receipts. 
 
 Not the least important department of the Board, is the train- 
 ing of children to be missionary workers. During the ten years 
 their contributions to the treasury, from sales and festivals, from 
 missionary garden flowers and fruits, from patient stitches in 
 neatly sewed garments, and from penny collections, have amount- 
 
CONGREGATIONAL. 6 1 
 
 ed to over $50,000. Their present efficiency, however, sinks into 
 insignificance in comparison with the hopes for their future, 
 when the seed now so carefully sown shall develop into the strong, 
 intelligent missionary interest of men and women. To stimulate 
 this interest, there are connected with the Board between four and 
 five hundred mission circles, with an average of from twenty to 
 thirty members, making an army of nearly ten thousand children 
 who have joined the missionary crusade. 
 
 This, in brief, is the history of the Woman's Board of Mis- 
 sions during its first decade. Its aim for the future is to secure 
 the organization, nurture and constant growth of an auxiliary so- 
 ciety in every Congregational church within its territory ; at home 
 and abroad, 
 
 " To stretch our habitations, 
 
 Lengthen cords and strengthen stakes, 
 Till Christ's kingdom, of the nations 
 
 One unbroken household makes." 
 
 Towards this mark it is pressing forward with an earnest pur- 
 pose and with humble reliance on the Great Head of the Church, 
 under whose guidance it is believed that the present point has 
 been reached, and through whose blessing alone the ultimate goal 
 shall be attained. 
 
 ORIGINAL BOARD OF OFFICERS. 
 
 President. — Mrs. Albert Bowker. 
 
 Vice Presidents. — Mrs. R. Anderson, Mrs. N. G. Clark, Mrs. S. B. Treat, and Mrs. 
 
 Charles Stoddard. 
 Corresponding' Secretaries. — Mrs. Miron Winslow, 107 Boylston Street, Boston, and 
 Mrs. David C. Scudder, 9 Brookline Street, Boston. 
 Recording' Secretary. — Mrs. J. A. Copp, Chelsea. 
 Treasurer. — Mrs. Homer Bartlett, 25 Marlboro Street, Boston. 
 
 PRESENT BOARD OF OFFICERS. 
 President. -~ Mrs. Albert Bowker. 
 
 Corresponding Secretaries. — Miss Ellen Carruth and Mrs. G. B< Putnam, Boston. 
 Recording Secretary. — Mrs. J. A. Copp, Chelsea. 
 Home Secretary. — Miss Abbie B. Child, Boston. 
 Treasurer. — Mrs. Benjamin E. Bates. 
 Assistant Treasurer. — Miss Emma Carruth. 
 
62 woman's missionary societies. 
 
 Congregational Womans' Board of Missions, 
 1878-82. 
 
 At the present time of writing, December, 1882, the statistics 
 of the Board are as follows : — 
 
 The number of missionaries have increased from sixty-eight to 
 one hundred and one ; the Bible-women, from fifty-eight to eighty- 
 one ; boarding-schools, from nineteen to twenty-two, — besides the 
 five Homes mentioned, — containing about a thousand pupils ; vil- 
 lage day schools, from forty-nine to one hundred and twenty-three, 
 containing about twenty-five hundred pupils. 
 
 At home, the number of Branches has increased from eighteen 
 to twenty-one ; the Conference Associations have been reduced to 
 three, most of those previously reported having grown to Branches 
 or combined with others in the formation of Branches. The pres- 
 ent aggregate number of organizations is about fourteen hundred. 
 Of the periodicals, the circulation of Life and Light has increased 
 from thirteen to seventeen thousand. The arrangement of a page 
 in the Weil-Spring terminated in 188 1, when a new monthly, The 
 Mission Day-Spring, was started jointly with the American Board. 
 This has reached a circulation of thirteen thousand five hundred. 
 The receipts of the Board for 1881 were 1^119,958.86, against 
 $84,656.35 in 1877. The total of receipts since the beginning, 
 aside from about $81,000 received for Life and Light, amounts to 
 about $940,000. 
 
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wo:man's board of missions of the 
 interior. 
 
 In the autumn of 1868, several ladies of the Congregational 
 and Presbyterian chuixhes of Chicago and vicinity, stimuh^ted by 
 the successful inauguration of organized work for missions by 
 their sisters at the East, and feeling the need of a similar move- 
 ment in this centre of influence, issued a call for a Woman's Mis- 
 sionary Convention, to be held in Chicago, in October of the same 
 year, to consider the expediency of a permanent organization. 
 The invitation met with a cordial response, and resulted in the for- 
 mation of a Woman's Board of Missions of the Interior, to co- 
 operate with the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign 
 Missions. Mrs. Charles G. Hammond was elected Treasurer. 
 
 Mrs. Hammond resigned before the close of the year, and 
 Mrs. J. V. Farwell was elected her successor. The receipts for 
 the year, as reported at the first annual meeting in Chicago, No- 
 vember 4, 1869, were $4,096.77 ; number of life members fifty- 
 two ; auxiliaries seventy. The Board had assumed the support 
 of six missionaries, two native Bible-readers, and four pupils in 
 mission schools. 
 
 At the second annual meeting held in Detroit, Mich., Nov. 
 3, 1S70, the receipts were reported as $8,410.19 ; number of mis- 
 sionaries thirteen ; number of Bible-readers eleven, and twelve 
 pupils in schools had also received aid from the treasury. At 
 that meeting a proposition was received from the Woman's Board 
 
 66 
 
COxXGREGATIONAL. 6/ 
 
 of Missions at the East, that we share with them in the editorial 
 duties connected with their magazine, " Life and Light," pub- 
 lished quarterly. The offer was accepted, and in order to meet 
 the additional expense involved in the proposed enlargement, the 
 members of the Board pledged themselves to make special efforts 
 to increase its circulation in the Western States. 
 
 Until this time, societies auxiliary to this Board had been 
 formed in both Congregational and Presbyterian churches, and 
 the two denominations had nearly an equal representation in the 
 list of officers. But on account of the recent union of the Old 
 and Newr School Presbyterian churches, and the re-organization of 
 their Board of Foreign Missions, the question now arose whether 
 the way was not open for the development of woman's agency 
 in missions, in immediate connection with that body. Soon after 
 the meeting at Detroit, the Presbyterian ladies, officially connect- 
 ed with the W. B. M. I., yielding to earnest appeals from minis- 
 ters and others, resigned their positions, that they might take up 
 similar service in a kindred association in their own church. Re- 
 luctantly the ties were severed that for two years had united us 
 so harmoniously and satisfactorily, and in January, 1S70, a meet- 
 ing was called for filling the vacancies thus occasioned. Mrs. W. 
 A. Bartlett was chosen Corresponding Seci'etary in j^lace of Mrs. 
 Wm. Blair, and Miss M. E, Greene, Recording Secretary in the 
 place of Mrs. Laflin ; Mrs. Francis Bradley succeeded Mrs. J. V. 
 Farwell as Treasurer. Similar changes occurred among the vice 
 presidents and managers. 
 
 The third annual meeting which had been appointed for the 
 first Thursday in November, 1S71, was, on account of the great 
 fire which desolated Chicago early in October, postponed till 
 April, 1S72. Notwithstanding the changes that had taken place 
 in the constituency of the Board, its records as presented at that 
 
63 woman's missionary societies. 
 
 meeting, showed most cheering evidences of growth in the work 
 both at home and abroad. The expense of three boarding schools 
 for training pupils of special promise and of more advanced at- 
 tainments, had been assumed, the number of missionaries had in- 
 creased to fifteen, eleven Bible readers were aided, and twenty- 
 four pupils in village and day schools. The number of auxiliaries, 
 notwithstanding the withdrawal of nearly all connected with Pres- 
 byterian churches, had increased from ninety-nine to one hundred 
 and sixty-six, while the receipts for the year ending Nov. i, 1S71, 
 $9,351.62, were considerably in advance of those of the previous 
 year. 
 
 In January, 1873, was begun the monthly issue of Life and 
 Light. 
 
 In November, 1873, the Board was incorporated under the 
 laws of Illinois. 
 
 During the years 1S75-6, we were favored with the cordial 
 co-operation of the Woman's Board of the Pacific, and all its con- 
 tributions for foreign work passed through our treasury. The 
 growth of the churches in that section of the country, and the de- 
 velopment of missionary interest, have since encouraged that 
 Board in more independent action, and its remittances are now 
 made directly to the treasurer of the American Board. 
 
 In 1S75, the Home at Kobe, Japan, was erected by our con- 
 tributions, at an expense of $4,500, additional to $1,000 donated 
 by the Japanese themselves. The building is designed to furnish 
 a home for the unmarried ladies at that station, and also to give 
 suitable accommodations for a girls' boarding school. 
 
 During the Centennial year, special memorial offerings were 
 made for building a health retreat among the mountains near 
 Mardin, Eastern Turkey, at a cost of $1,200, for aiding in the es- 
 tablishment of a Japanese newspaper to the extent of $1,000, and 
 
CONGREGATIONAL. 69 
 
 for the education of missionaries' children in this country, also 
 to the amount of $r,ooo. Within the last year (1S77-S) a con- 
 siderable sum has been given for the endowment of the Female 
 Department of Armenia College, Harpoot, Turkey. 
 
 The progress of our work in general, both at home and 
 abroad, though not all that we have desired, is still encouraging. 
 From year to year we have been able to make an advance in the 
 completeness of organization in the different States, in the num- 
 ber of auxiliaries and in the amount of receipts. We have now 
 in our field of twelve States, Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, 
 Wisconsin, Iowa, Missouri, Minnesota, Nebraska, Dakota, Kan- 
 sas and Colorado ; nine State Branches, including over six hun- 
 dred auxiliaries and mission bands. Our receipts last year (1877) 
 were $20,852. The total receipts from the beginning have been 
 about $130,000. Thirty-seven lady missionaries have been con- 
 nected with this Society. Of these, five have returned to this 
 country on account of ill health ; one is engaged in hospital work 
 in Bulgaria, seven have been transferred to other Boards, and 
 three have fallen asleep. We have now twenty-one on our list. 
 These missionaries have been located among the Dakota Indians, 
 in Mexico, Africa, Asiatic and European Turkey, India, Ceylon, 
 China and Japan. 
 
 We now have forty-two native teachers and Bible readers, 
 engaged in missionary service. Our educational work is carried 
 on by means of six seminaries or boarding schools for training 
 native girls as teachers and Bible women, three of which are in 
 Asiatic Turkey, one in European Turkey, one in China, and one 
 Japan. Also by means of thirty-five village and day schools, 
 where elementary instruction is given. 
 
 M. E. Greene, 
 
 Sec. W. B. M. I. 
 
^o 
 
 WOMAN S MISSIONARY SOCIETIES. 
 
 WCuAn's Board of Missions of the Interior, 
 
 1878-82. 
 
 At this date our missionaries number thirty-five ; the boarding 
 and high schools supported by us, eight ; village and day schools, 
 thij-ty-seven ; native teachers, Bible readers, and other helpers, fifty- 
 three. Our receipts for the year ending Oct. 15, 1882, were 
 $29,897.28. Total receipts since the organization of the Board, 
 about 1^250,000. 
 
 M. E. Greene. 
 
 ORIGIMAL LIST OF OFFICERS, iS6S. 
 
 Mrs. S. C. Bartlett, Chicago, President. 
 R. W. Paiter.^on, Chicago, 
 S. J. Humphrey, Chicago, 
 Julia F. IJallard, Detroit, Mich., 
 J. S. Farrand, " " 
 
 John AlHson, Wilwaukee, Mich., 
 Truman M. Post, St. Louis, Mo., 
 J. D. Caton, Ottawa, 
 S. G. Specs, Dubuque, Iowa, 
 A. G. Rulifson,.I\IinneapoHs, Minn., 
 S. F. Dudley, Winona, Minn. 
 Prof. Allen, Oberlin, Ohio, 
 
 ■ Vice-Presidents. 
 
 William Blair, \ /^ j j- r j • 
 
 E. W. Blatchford, | Corresponding Secretaries. 
 
 George H. Laflin, Recording Secretary. 
 C. G. Hammond, Terasurer. 
 
 PRESENT LIST OF OFFICERS, 1882. 
 
 Mrs. Moses Smith, President. 
 
 " E. W. Blatchford, 
 Miss Mary E. Greene, 
 Mrs. G. B Willcox, 
 
 '* J. F. Temple, 
 Miss M. D. Wiiigate, Recording Secretary. 
 Mrs. J. B. Leake, Treasurer. 
 
 Corresponding Secretaries, 
 
Missionaries of Woman's Board of Missions of the Interior. 
 
 Name. 
 
 App'd. 
 
 Mission Station. 
 
 By whom Supported. 
 
 Miss Mary H. Porter 
 
 1868 
 
 Peking, North China. 
 
 Evanston, 111. 
 
 " Mary A. Thompson t . 
 
 1869 
 
 " " 
 
 
 " Naomi Diament_ 
 
 1S69 
 
 Kalgan, " 
 
 Rockford, 111. 
 
 " Jennie K. Chapin 
 
 1871 
 
 Peking, " 
 
 Ne*w Eng'd Ch., Chicago, 111. 
 
 " Jane G. Evans 
 
 1872 
 
 Tung Cho, " 
 
 Illinois Branch. 
 
 *• Ada Haven- •••>■••••• 
 
 1879 
 1S79 
 
 Peking, " 
 Kalgan, " 
 
 Union Park Ch., Chicago, III. 
 
 " Sarah H.Clappt 
 
 " E. A. Cla^hornt 
 
 1872 
 
 Foochow, South China. 
 
 
 " Ella J. Newton 
 
 1878 
 
 It u 
 
 Oberlin, Ohio. 
 
 " N.J.Deant 
 
 1S69 
 1857 
 1867 
 
 Ooroomiah, Persia. 
 
 
 Mrs. J. L. Coffing 
 
 Hadjin, Central Turkey. 
 Aintab, " 
 
 ist Cong. Ch. , Detroit, Mich. 
 Jackson, Mich. 
 
 Miss Mary G. Hollister .... 
 
 " Corinna Shattuck 1 . . . . 
 
 1S73 
 
 It « 
 
 
 •' Charlotte D. Spencer. . 
 
 187s 
 
 Hadjin, " 
 
 Michigan Branch. 
 
 " Minnie Brown 
 
 1880 
 
 (« << 
 
 Missouri " 
 
 " Laura Tucker 
 
 18S0 
 
 (C it 
 
 II II 
 
 " Myra L. Barnes 
 
 1880 
 
 Marash, " 
 
 Plymouth Ch., Chicago, 111. 
 
 •* EllaC. Doane 
 
 1881 
 
 " " 
 
 Michigan Branch. 
 
 " Cyrene O. Van Duzee. 
 
 1 868 
 
 Erzroom, Eastern Turkey. 
 
 Nebraska Ladies' Miss. Asso. 
 
 *' Priscilla Nicholson * . . 
 
 1876 
 
 • ( •< 
 
 
 '• Mary F. Bliss* 
 
 1878 
 
 « << 
 
 
 " Mary E. Brooks 
 
 1881 
 
 Erzroom, " 
 
 
 «' Mary P. Wri-ht 
 
 1S81 
 
 Harpoot, " 
 
 Kansas Branch. 
 
 " Mary M. Patrick 
 
 1871 
 
 Constantinople, West'n Tuikey. 
 
 ist Cong. Ch,. Chicago, 111. 
 
 " Leila C. Parsons 
 
 1873 
 
 Bardesag, " 
 
 Ohio Branch. 
 
 " Clara D. Lawrence... . 
 
 1S80 
 
 Manisa, " 
 
 ist Church, Toledo, Ohio. 
 
 " Minnie C. Beach t ••. • 
 
 1S69 
 
 Samokov, European Turkey. 
 
 
 " Esther!'. Maltbie 
 
 1S70 
 
 " " 
 
 Ohio Branch. 
 
 Mrs. Anna V. Mumford t . • 
 
 1871 
 
 <i II 
 
 
 Miss Martha S.Taylor 
 
 1S67 
 
 Mandapasalie, India. 
 
 Wisconsin Branch. 
 
 " Sarah Pollock t 
 
 
 " '• 
 
 
 Miss Mary E. Kendall t 
 
 1S70 
 
 Madura, India. 
 
 
 " Martha A. Anderson t- 
 
 1874 
 
 Ahmednuggur, India. 
 
 
 " Hester A. HiUis 
 
 1870 
 
 Tillipally, Ceylon. _ 
 
 Iowa Branch. 
 
 ** Laura A. Day 
 
 1870 
 
 Adams, South Africa. 
 
 Davenport Association, Iowa. 
 
 " Martha J. Lindleyt... 
 
 Inanda, _ '• 
 
 " Mary E. Pinkerton ... 
 
 1874 
 
 Umzumbi, " 
 
 Eastern Conference, Mich. 
 
 " Julia E.Dudley 
 
 1873 
 
 Kobe, Japan. 
 
 Illinois Branch. 
 
 " Alice J. Starkweather t, 
 
 1875 
 
 Kioto, " 
 
 
 " Martha J. Barrows. . . . 
 
 1876 
 
 Kobe, " 
 
 Minnesota " 
 
 " H. F. Parmelee 
 
 1877 
 
 Kioto, " 
 
 Ohio _ " 
 
 " E. Louise Kellogg .... 
 
 1880 
 
 Osaka, " 
 
 Missouri " 
 
 " Lillie S. Cathcart' 
 
 1881 
 
 Kusaie, Micronesia. 
 
 Minnesota " 
 
 " J. Estelle Fletcher 
 
 1882 
 
 Ponape, " 
 
 
 Mrs. > dna M . Watkins t . • . 
 
 1872 
 
 Guadalajara, Mexico. 
 
 
 Miss Lizzie Bishop * 
 
 1874 
 
 Fort Sully, Dakota Territory. 
 
 
 " Mary C.Collins 
 
 1875 
 
 " '• 
 
 Ohio " 
 
 " Emma F. Whipple * . . 
 
 187s 
 
 <i II 
 
 
 " Louise M. Irvine 
 
 187S 
 
 II i< 
 
 Michigan " 
 
 Mrs. Adele M. Curtist 
 
 1875 
 
 Lisseton Agency, " 
 
 
 " J.B.Renville 
 
 
 11 II 
 
 Ohio «' 
 
 Miss Mvra C. Calhoun f. . • • 
 
 1877 
 
 Fort Berthold, " 
 
 
 " Eda L. Ward 
 
 1880 
 
 II II 
 
 Wisconsin " 
 
 " Emily ISL Brown 
 
 1882 
 
 Kobe, Japan. 
 
 
 " Belle M. Haskins 
 
 1882 
 
 Guadalajara, Mexico. 
 
 
 " Virginia C. Murdock . . 
 
 1881 
 
 Kalgan, North China. 
 
 
 • Deceased. 
 
 t Not now connected with this Board. 
 71 
 
WOMAN'S BOARD OF MISSIONS OF 
 THE PACIFIC. 
 
 There are two missionary societies towards the setting-sun 
 whose initials are W. B, M. P., one the " Woman's Board of Mis- 
 sions for the Pacific " isles^ whose centre is Honolulu, the other the 
 " Woman's Board of Missions for the Pacific" coast^ centred in San 
 Francisco. This latter society, which we represent, embraces the 
 states of California, Oregon and Nevada, and Washington Terri- 
 tory. In these states and territories there are eighty-five church- 
 es, in about thirty-five of which we have an auxiliary society to 
 the Woman's Board. This Board was organized in 1S74, in Santa 
 Cruz, California, at the meeting of the General Association. 
 
 With some trembling and hesitation, and possibly with some 
 lack of faith, this work was entered upon. The still pioneer state 
 of religious enterprises on this coast, the lack of gospel privileges 
 in many of the large counties in our states, led many to ask, 
 Does duty lead us in this direction? 
 
 We were soon brought to feel that the unerring Hand Jiad 
 led us ; was leading us into this very work. What was begun in 
 weakness has been carried on with some degree of success. 
 
 We at first co-operated with the " Woman's Board of the In- 
 terior," witli whom we have had the most pleasant relations, and, 
 although we are now working independently, we shall never cease 
 
 72 
 
CONGREGATIONAL. 73 
 
 to remember the sisterly and Christian intercourse we have had 
 with the ladies of the Interior. With them we co-operated in the 
 building of the Home for girls in Kobi, gave $400 to the Bridg- 
 man school in Peking, and contributed towards Mrs. Watkins' sal- 
 ary in Mexico. As we are an incorporated society, it was after a 
 while thought best that we work and plan independently and com- 
 municate directly with the secretaries of the American Board. 
 
 In 1876, we assumed the entire support of Mrs. Watkins, who 
 with her husband was then in Mexico. In labors more abundant, 
 in perils oft, they kept on in their beloved work, until their com- 
 panion, Stevens, fell by their side, and their own health was so 
 broken as to be compelled to return to America, where they are 
 still waiting anxiously for sufficient health to permit them to re- 
 sume their labors. In the same year, 1876, we also assumed the 
 support of Miss Starkweather, a young lady from Elgin, Illinois, 
 whom the Lord had led to consecrate herself to the mission work 
 in Japan. In March of this year, we had the pleasure of greeting 
 her face to face, and in a meeting which we shall long remember, 
 of hearing from her own lips, the story of her consecration to the 
 Master's service. At that time, when we were in such an atmos- 
 phere of faith, that all things seemed possible, we also adopted 
 Miss Rappelye, then of the Constantinople Home. She had been 
 a most esteemed teacher in Oakland, Cal., and carried with her 
 rare qualifications and experience for her future mission work. 
 She is now hard at work at Brooza, among the girls who are seek- 
 ing for the true light in that ancient city. We ai'e looking forward 
 to, and working for a building, for Miss R.'s school, which is 
 greatly needed for her increasing work. And so the summing up 
 of our work is three missionaries and one school. But three? but 
 one.? we hear some one at the East say, compax"ing their own en- 
 larged and extended woi'k with ours. 
 
74 woman's missionary societies. 
 
 But it will not be considered unseemly to say that in the past, 
 our average contributions per member have exceeded those of 
 our sister boards at the East. 
 
 Our work is one, one Lord^ onefaith^ one baptism^ one grand 
 and sweet ultimatum to carry the story of Jesus our Lord to the 
 hearts and homes of our sisters, in all the lands of the earth. 
 
 Mrs. S. S. Smith, Rec. Sec. 
 
 W. B. M. P. 
 
 OFFICERS. 
 
 President, Mrs. Dr. A. L. Stone, Saa Francisco, Cal. 
 
 n- . c„ .1 /,_ S Mrs. Geortje Mooar, Oakland, CaL 
 
 ■^'"'" •^^^'^^''"^'^*> I Mrs. C. V; ninkeslee, " 
 Foreign Secretary, Mrs. J. K. McLean, " " 
 
 Recording Secretary, Mrs. S. S. Smith, San Francisco, CaL 
 Treasurer, Mrs. R. E. Cole, Oakland, Cal. 
 JEditress, Mrs. S. £. Henshaw. 
 
WOMAN'S BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS, 
 REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA. 
 
 Of all the Missionary Societies formed by the Women of our 
 American churches, we, the Women's Board of Foreign Missions 
 of the Reformed (Dutch) Church come as one of the youngest in- 
 to the ranks. 
 
 As you should only look for achievement proportionate to 
 years of work, you cannot expect from our short term of exist- 
 ence, much more than a history of organization with the initiative 
 steps tovi^ards gathering the material for the work we have planned. 
 
 In 1875, we met to organize in the Chapel of the Reformed 
 Church, corner of Fifth Avenue and Twenty-ninth St., New York, 
 Rev. Dr. Ormiston, Pastor. 
 
 Mrs. Jonathan Sturges, a lady widely known for her Chris- 
 tian benevolence, was appointed President of the Board. 
 
 Our work may be briefly divided as follows : — 
 
 First, We have endeavored to increase the interest in the 
 work of Foreign Missions among the women of our church. 
 
 In pursuance of this aim there have been formed fifty-two 
 missionary societies auxiliary to the Woman's Board of our church. 
 All these are actively engaged in their respective churches in 
 spreading a knowledge of the work in the foreign field. 
 
 We have published a Manual containing a history of all the 
 mission work of the Reformed Church. This book is very hand- 
 somely bound and illustrated, and is not only attractive and inter- 
 
 75 
 
y6 woala.n's missionary societies. 
 
 esting, but is a valuable addition to our church literature. We 
 have also issued leaflets containing information in regard to mis- 
 sion work, vv^hich have been given to the auxiliary societies for 
 distribution. 
 
 Second, We have assisted in the support of the missionaries 
 at present laboring in the stations planted by the Board of For- 
 eign Missions of the chuixh. To this end we have raised for the 
 missionaries now in the fields the sum $5,147.93. This money 
 was paid in accordance with the wishes of the auxiliary societies 
 by whom it was collected. 
 
 Third, We propose to send out and support Christian wo- 
 men to labor as missionaries and establish schools and homes from 
 which heathen wives and mothers may gain the idea of the Chris- 
 tian family circle and home. For this purpose we are about send- 
 ing two ladies to establish a girls' school at Nagasaki, Japan, on 
 the plan of the school formed by the Woman's Union Missionary 
 Society of Yokohama. 
 
 We have raised $4,923.54 to be used for this school. Total 
 amount raised for mission work since organization, $100,71.47. 
 
 The above is a brief statement of the work of the first three 
 years of our existence as a society. We do not feel that we need 
 be ashamed of this i^ecord, for we belong to one of the smallest of 
 the orthodox denominations and therefore we have neither a wide 
 district from which to glean, nor many churches upon which to 
 call for helpers. 
 
 Our church was founded by the martyrs amid the fires of the 
 reformation in Holland, and we claim as our inheritance an un- 
 faltering trust in the promises, for wc have been enabled to say 
 with every onward step " Hitherto hath the Lord helped us." 
 
 By order of the Board, 
 
 Gertrude L. Vanderbilt. 
 
reformed. 77 
 
 Woman's Board of Foreign Missions, Reformed Church in 
 America, 1878-82. 
 
 The support of the seminaries for girls at Amoy, China, Yoka- 
 hama, Japan, Vellare, India, also two caste girls' schools at Vellare, 
 has been assumed by our Board at a cost of ;555,5oo per annum. 
 
 A new house, costing $2,000, has also been built for the Amoy 
 school, on the island of Kolongsu, opposite Amoy. Our mission- 
 aries and most other foreigners reside on this island. Our teachers 
 formerly had to cross the harbor daily in a row boat to reach the 
 school ; now they are not only spared this labor, but the scholars 
 are benefitted by being under their constant supervision. 
 
 A little less than a thousand dollars has been appropriated for 
 another building on Kolongsu, to be used as a temporary home and 
 school for women from the country stations, who during the rainy 
 season, when they cannot work out of doors, come to our mission- 
 aries to be taught to read the Bible. These women return to their 
 homes, and repeat what they have learned to their neighbors. The 
 missionaries are thus enabled to select, from personal observation, 
 those who are most intelligent and best fitted to employ as Bible 
 women. 
 
 HOME work. 
 
 To stimulate the home work, two ladies in each class have 
 been appointed to awaken a missionary spirit, and to organize 
 auxiliary societies in every church in their respective classes. 
 
 Letters from missionaries are published in the form of leaflets, 
 and distributed gratuitously to our auxiliaries. We trust that at no 
 distant day these leaflets may grow into a periodical, which will 
 make this department of home work self-supporting. Our auxiliaries 
 now number 129. During the past year the receipts have been over 
 
78 woman's missionary societies. 
 
 $10,000. The total amount raised during tlie seven years of the 
 existence of our society is a little over $55,000. 
 
 Mrs. Wm. R. Duryea. 
 
 BOARD OF OFFICERS. 
 
 Mrs. Jonathan Sturges, President. 
 
 " P. D. Van Cleef, { ,,. „ -j t 
 
 •• G. L. Vanderbilt, 1 V^ce-Presidents. 
 
 " M. E. Sanester, Recording Secretary. 
 
 Wm. R. Durj-ea, Foreign Corresponding Secretary, 
 T. P. Gumming, Hotne Corresponding Secretary. 
 ?eter Donald, Treasurer, 
 
 fc 
 
THE CHRISTIAN WOMAN'S BOARD OF 
 MISSIONS, 1874-83. 
 
 On July, 1874, Mrs. Peane, a lady well known in educational 
 circles in Kentucky and Missouri, suggested to a friend the idea of 
 enlisting the women of the Christian church in an organized effort 
 to save and put together all the little sums they could from individ- 
 ual means, — allowances, salaries, or wages, — and devote this 
 amount, together with such time and talent as could be commanded 
 among themselves, to missionary work. At this time there was no 
 foreign work being done by the church, the Jamaica Missions 
 having been abandoned some years previous ; and, indeed, a gen- 
 eral decline in missionary spirit- and interest was very apparent. 
 In October following, a mass meeting of women to consider the 
 matter was held in Cincinnati, and at this meeting was organized 
 the Christian Woman's Board of Missions, upon a form of Con- 
 stitution, which was copied largely from that of the "Woman's 
 Missionary Society of the Congregational Church." The head- 
 qvtarters were placed at Indianapolis and remains there, and the 
 offices of President, Corresponding and Recording Secretary, and 
 Treasurer are filled by women in that vicinity. In addition to these 
 there are for each State, a Vice-President, a Secretary, and two or 
 more Managers. These, all taken together, form the Executive 
 Board of the Society, though the regular business is necessarily 
 transacted by the Executive Committee. This Committee held its 
 first meeting in December, 1874, and plans were devised to attempt 
 
 79 
 
8o woman's missionary societies. 
 
 by' correspondence the establishment of auxiliaries all over the 
 country. 
 
 In one year from that time, there being $1,500 in the treasury, 
 a missionary for Janiaica was secured in the person of W. H. Wil- 
 liams, of Platte City, Mo. January, 1876, he sailed from New 
 York, with wife and child, for the city of Kingston. Arriving 
 on Saturday, Feb. 5, he met with a warm welcome by the people 
 who were anxiously looking for him. The next day, although 
 weary from the effects of a rough voyage, he preached to about 
 thirty people in a dilapidated old chapel. His audiences increased, 
 until the house could not accommodate them. He called the 
 members together and fully explained the circumstances, and the 
 object and policy of the Society that sent him, mentioning par- 
 ticularly its conviction that one important lesson for them to learn 
 was that of gradually reaching independence and power of self- 
 support. Hand in hand with conversions and church membership 
 must be taken up the duty and habit of systematic giving to the 
 Lord's cause. This, possibly, new doctrine was favorably received, 
 and all pledged themselves, without exception, to the payment of a 
 specific sum weekly, toward the current expenses and repairs upon 
 the chapel that were needed immediately. From that day the mis- 
 sion took on a steady, substantial growth. Constant study of the 
 Scriptures, with the people's prayer-meetings, Sunday schools, teach- 
 ers' meetings, and preaching in various parts of the city, with visit- 
 ing from house to house, has been adopted. Several native young 
 men put themselves under Mr. Williams for instruction, and rendered 
 him regular assistance in all these things. Mr. S. P. Smeaton, an 
 English gentleman, then a Baptist, joined the church. Upon his plan- 
 tation, called " Content," he built a day school, besides opening a 
 night school. At first he thought he could not presume to preach or 
 leach j so he only invited the people into his coffee-picking room on 
 
DISCIPLES. 8 1 
 
 Sundays, and read to them the Scriptures; but now he is ordained. 
 Mission schools were soon established, with regular preaching at 
 some half-dozen other places on the island. Oberlin, Dallas, and 
 New Zealand are among the names of these. Mr. James Tilley, 
 formerly of London, but for two years past a resident of Jamaica, 
 was ordained to preach, and given charge of several congregations 
 among the mountains. The establishment of schools all over the 
 island formed an important feature of the projected work, as the 
 population, which is largely colored, is a class extremely ignorant 
 and superstitious. Five hundred and fifty dollars were sent as 
 a special appropriation for this purpose. Beside this Mr. A. S. 
 Dailey, a promising young native teacher, who had just completed 
 the normal course in one of the government schools, was employed 
 upon a regular salary to carry on a school at Dallas. Both these 
 young men, having married excellent Christian women, have con- 
 tinued steadily in the employ of the Society up to the present time 
 (November, 1882). As their work has increased, and they have 
 grown in knowledge and experience, of course their salaries have 
 been increased. They are now receiving about $700 and ^200 
 respectively, beside the contributions and school fees from the 
 natives. 
 
 In December, 1878, Miss Jennie Laughlin, of Indiana, was 
 sent out as a teacher of a training school in Kingston, at a salary of 
 $700. Shortly after her arrival Mr. Williams was compelled to 
 return home, on account of his wife's fast declining health. Miss 
 Laughlin was thus left in charge of many of the affairs of the Mis- 
 sion. In April, 1880, Mr. Issac Tomlinson, of Indiana, succeeded 
 Mr. Williams. Meantime Miss Laughlin's health had completely 
 broken down, and she only waited his arrival to return home. This 
 was a great loss in every way, for she had carried into the manage- 
 ment of the school a long experience in teaching, and a thorough 
 
82 woman's missionary societies. 
 
 knowledge of the superior American methods and improvements. 
 Her place was supplied by Miss Marion Perkins in September. 
 
 In February, 1880, the Society was incorporated, thus securing 
 the permanency of the endowment fund, and the safe conveyance 
 of bequests and donations. 
 
 In the spring of 188 1, Elder R. Faurot, a well-known veteran 
 in work among the Freedmen, was employed to go to Jackson, 
 Miss., and open a mission among the colored people. He was ably 
 assisted by his wife, who labored among the women, trying to in- 
 struct them in domestic and maternal duties. A school teacher 
 was afterwards sent them. 
 
 On the 28th of September, in Indianapolis, surrounded by lov- 
 ing relatives and friends, Miss Jennie Laughlin left us for the bright 
 realms above. Of her work in Jamaica, though it lasted only six- 
 teen months, we are told that " no one ever before made such an 
 impression in educational circles in Kingston as she did." The 
 school inspector said that " he had never seen so well ordered and 
 so well governed a school as hers." Could Miss Laughlin have 
 lived, we doubt not that her influence for good would have been 
 wide-spread and lasting. Her last hours were marked by a serenity 
 and cheerfulness rarely witnessed, — fit ending of such a life. 
 
 The ultimate idea of this enterprise was to establish a perma- 
 nent first-class school for the education of girls, with the addition 
 of a training class through which the way could be opened for 
 women to secure a more liberal education. 
 
 In February, 1882, Mr. William K. Azbile, of Kentucky, suc- 
 ceeded Mr. Tomlinson as minister in Kingston and superintendent 
 of missions on the island. The work of the Christian Woman's 
 Board of Missions has now acquired a new impetus in all its 
 departments. September, 1882, Miss Greybiel of New York, Miss 
 Boyd of Kentucky, Miss Kingsbury of Illinois, and Miss Kinsey 
 
DISCIPLES. 83 
 
 of Indiana, were sent to Ellichpoor, India, as Bible-teachers and 
 missionaries. Though employed by the Society, these all, at their 
 own request, went out upon what is called the " faith principle," 
 /. <?., without stipulated salary, trusting to God and their sisters 
 for a support. They cheerfully and deliberately chose this way 
 that they might rely the more entirely upon our Heavenly Father's 
 promises, and that the hearts of Christian women might be drawn 
 more and more toward the great work of spreading the Gospel. 
 Their passage was paid, and a sufficient sum given each for inci- 
 dental expenses. The hearts of the women are warming toward the 
 work, and liberal contributions are coming in for its support. The 
 interest in foreign missions is steadily increasing every day in our 
 church, and the Christian Woman's Board of Missions may justly 
 claim to have been largely instrumental in bringing about this 
 result. 
 
 Organized in a church where heretofore women had taken no 
 active part nor conspicuous place in the Lord's work, it was met in 
 some sections of the country by distrust and fears that its tenden- 
 cies would be to unbecoming prominence before' the public, but 
 this fear was needless. Some one has written, " The very nature 
 of the enterprise, grounded as it is in self-denial, based upon a 
 simple reliance upon God and a constant conscious dependence 
 upon Him, its every movement made under the inspiration of 
 earnest prayer, and having for its object the sublime one of aiding 
 in bringing the kingdoms of this world into subjection to our Lord 
 Jesus Christ, would seem of itself to preclude selfish or self-con- 
 scious thought." It is indeed based upon self-denial, and the prime 
 object is to educate women in this direction. She who earns no 
 money, but whose wants are supplied by husband or father, can, 
 by care and self-denial, save something for this cause. She who 
 receives salary or wages, can lay aside a little each month j how 
 
84 woman's missionary societies. 
 
 little, matters not, provided it is all she can save, and that it is 
 regularly given. Next to the habit of self-denial, as an object of 
 the Society, is that of systematic giving. Monthly pledges are made 
 of ten cents and upward, and must be paid regularly to secure mem- 
 bership. Gradually this habit is gaining ground, and in all proba- 
 bility through this humble means something will be done toward a 
 greater and more general liberality in the church of the next gen- 
 eration. The lack of giving — the withholding of money, which 
 is so common, and so much complained of — is not because of 
 poverty, nor of avarice on the part of our people, but because 
 they have formed no habit of giving according to their means. As 
 a rule, a few rich people are sustaining the churches. Recognizing 
 this fact, the Christian Woman's Board of IMissions has made the 
 teaching of this lesson one of its main objects, feeling that the 
 amount of money that it can now raise, or of work that it can now 
 perform, is not so important, as that the women of the coming gen- 
 eration should be trained to give and to labor for the spread of the 
 Gospel. There is involved, not only sacrifice in the giving of 
 money, but of time and care upon the part of those who carry on 
 the work of correspondence. The secretaries each do an amount 
 of writing that would command, in business circles, a good salary. 
 The treasurer's duties are also heavy ; as every cent of money goes 
 directly to her, and she must give receipts besides publishing item- 
 ized quarterly reports in several religious papers. No officer 
 receives a salary. 
 
 The receipts of the year ending Oct. lo, 1882, were nearly 
 $10,000, of this only $317 were used for current expenses. This 
 included the publication of 2,000 copies of the Minutes of the 
 Annual Convention, and several hundred copies of Constitutions 
 and blank reports for the use of State secretaries, all of which are 
 furnished gratuitously by the Board. Life-memberships are taken 
 
DISCIPLES. 85 
 
 by the payment of $25 within two years, in not more than two in- 
 stalments. These, with occasional bequests, constitute the Endow- 
 ment Fund, which is now over $3,500. This can never be expended, 
 — only the interest can be used. 
 
 The recepits of each year have steadily increased. The num- 
 ber of members has never been accurately kept, but the number of 
 auxiliaries or circles is about four hundred and fifty. They are 
 scattered over eighteen States. There are also individuals in these 
 and other States, who, not being in reach of any auxiliary society, 
 send their contributions directly to the treasury. The aggregate 
 amount of money raised by the Society during its eight years of 
 existence is upwards of $25,000. 
 
 Besides the work above named, $500- per year has been paid 
 for three 5'ears to aid the mission in Paris. Arrangements are now 
 completed, also, for sending an evangelist to Montana Territory. 
 Once begun, this work will be carried on permanently. 
 
 We do thankfully recognize the guiding hand of God in every 
 step we have taken, and His blessing, as shown in a sure and steady 
 increase in receipts, and interest among the people. " A little one 
 shall become a thousand." 
 
 Maria Jameson. 
 
 November, 1SS2. 
 
 OFFICERS. 
 
 President. — Mrs. Maria Jameson. I Corresponding Secretary. — S. E. Shortridge. 
 
 Recording Secretary. — Mrs. L. A. Moore. | Treasurer. — Mary C. Cole. 
 
WOMAN'S AUXILIARY 
 
 DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN MISSIONARY SOCIETY 
 
 OF THE PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH IN THE UNITED 
 STATES OF AMERICA. 
 
 The Woman's Auxiliarj' to the Board of Missions was established 
 in the winter of 1871-72, in accordance with resolutions adopted 
 and recommendations made by the general convention and Board 
 of Missions, in October, 187 1. 
 
 A Secretary was appointed, with headquarters at the mission 
 rooms, in New York, and a correspondence began by her with par- 
 ish secretaries appointed by their rectors, in about four hundred 
 parishes in different parts of the country. 
 
 In twenty-eight of the dioceses these parish Societies are now 
 united into diocesan Associations, with the officers of which the 
 correspondence of the general Secretary is chiefly carried on. 
 
 The offerings of the Auxiliary are made, in boxes of household 
 and other goods and in money, given for the various missionary 
 objects at home and abroad. 
 
 'Jhese contributions, as reported in the various annual reports, 
 have been as follows : — 
 
 January, 1872, to October, 1873 Imperfect record. 
 
 October, 1873, to October, 1874 " " 
 
 86 
 
PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL, 
 
 ^7 
 
 October, 1874, to October, 1875 
 
 187:;, to ' 
 
 1S76 
 
 1876, to 
 
 ' 1877 
 
 1877, to " 1878 
 
 1S7S, to 
 
 ' 1879 
 
 1879, to ' 
 
 18S0 
 
 iSSo, to " 18S1 
 
 1881, to 
 
 18S2 
 
 Totals for last eight years 
 
 Money. 
 ^523,856.66 
 26,211.56 
 26,426.39 
 32,843.50 
 35.363-62 
 37,70462 
 49,462 05 
 51,419.09 
 
 Boxes. 
 
 $65,000.00 
 64,358.24 
 56,897.30 
 65,083.78 
 65,888.65 
 72,778.37 
 
 94.233-75 
 112,831.24 
 
 $283,287.49 1^597,071.33 
 
 The auxiliary appoints no missionaries, but in connection with 
 its other work, supports women, appointed as missionaries by their 
 bishops, and approved by the Domestic and Foreign Committees of 
 the church. These women are : — 
 
 Sister Eliza, Denver, Colorado. 
 
 " Sarah, Omaha, Nebraska. 
 
 " Mary, Portland, Oregon. 
 
 " Louise, " " 
 
 Miss Sweet, Salt Lake City, Utah. 
 
 " Ives, Santee Agency, ebraska. 
 
 " Graves, " 
 
 " Francis," " " 
 
 Mrs. E. E. Knapp, Springfield, Dakota. 
 Miss Knight, " " 
 
 Mrs. Draper, Rosebud Agency, Dakota. 
 
 Mrs. Payne, Petersburg, Va. 
 
 " Jennings, McFarland's Station, Va. 
 
 " Brent, Gordonsville, Va. 
 
 " Burgoine, Aspenwall, Va. 
 
 " M. R. Brierly, Cape Mount, Africa. 
 Miss Martha Bruce, Shanghai, China. 
 
 " S. E. Lawson, " 
 
 " S. L. Riddick, Tokio, Japan. 
 
 " M. L. Mead, Osaka, " 
 
 " B. T. Michrie, " " 
 
 The auxiliary also pays insurance dues upon the lives of mar- 
 ried foreign missionaries, provides one hundred and sixty-three 
 scholarships, and occasionally furnishes means for building mission 
 churches, school-houses, and hospitals, and assists in sustaining 
 more or less the work in connection therewith. 
 
 Julia C. Emery. 
 
THE WOMAN'S MISSIONARY SOCIETY 
 
 OF THE GENERAL SYNOD OF THE 
 
 EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH OF THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 The General Synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church is 
 one of the divisions of the great body of Lutherans in this coun- 
 try. While thoroughly evangelical, it is the most liberal of all 
 the Lutheran branches and enters heartily into fraternal relations 
 with the other Evangelical Churches. It contains some purely 
 German and Scandinavian congregations, but a large proportion 
 of our Church is w^holly Epglish. Compared in numbers and 
 wealth with other denominations, its missionary activity both in 
 home and foreign fields, need not put us to blush, and yet there is 
 great need of increased effort in every department of Mission 
 work. The ever-flowing tide of Lutheran emigrants from Ger- 
 many and Scandinavia ought to he met with a proportional 
 increase of home missionary activity. Our Church is under 
 peculiar obligation to furnish preachers and churches for this for- 
 eign influx of population. As a Church we have not been un- 
 mindful of the command : " Go into all the world." For many 
 years we have supported vigorous, flourishing missions in India 
 and in Africa. 
 
 But the time has come when there is need of a special wom- 
 an's organization. The burden of responsibility for such a move- 
 88 
 
EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH. 89 
 
 ment was deeply felt throughout the Church, and woman's voices 
 have advocated it in the East and the West. Proof of our faith 
 "by our works" was demanded when we obeyed Christ's com- 
 mands to " pray the Lord of the harvest to send laborers unto his 
 harvest." Sympathy for sister souls thirsting for the Water of 
 Life tugged hard at our heart-strings. The glorious success of 
 the Woman's Missionary Societies of other denominations demon- 
 strated to us the possibilities in woman for great Christian 
 usefulness. More than all, deep gratitude to our blessed Master 
 whose religion has given to woman privileges in such wonderful 
 contrast to those of her sisters in heathen lands, moved our women 
 to unite their efforts to spread His Kingdom. 
 
 In 1S75, a Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of the Iowa 
 Synod was organized. Several local societies were organized in 
 other parts of the church. In 1877, a number of our leading 
 preachers warmly espoused our cause and advocated it at the 
 Convention of the General Synod at Carthage, 111. The new 
 enterprise was heartily recommended by that honorable body, 
 and an Executive Committee of gentlemen appointed to co- 
 operate with the Ladies. For the efficient activity of this com- 
 mittee in promoting and giving publicity to our Woman's Mis- 
 sionary movement, our Society is deeply indebted. From this 
 time the work of organizing local and Synodical missionary socie- 
 ties was vigorously urged. In April, 1879, a Woman's Mission- 
 ary Conference, held in Harrisburg, Pa., gave evidence that the 
 time was fully ripe for our general organization. 
 
 A Woman's Missionary Convention was called to meet in the 
 Lutheran Church at Canton, O., and on June 11, 1S79, the 
 Woman's Home and Foreign Missionary Society of the General 
 Synod was organized. There were present one hundred and sev- 
 
Executive Committee. - 
 
 90 WOMAN S MISSIONARY SOCIETIES. 
 
 enteen delegates and visitors representing Woman's Missionary 
 Societies of a number of States. The following officers were 
 elected : — 
 
 President.— Mrs. J. H. W. Stuckenber?. 
 Cor. Secretary. — Mrs. Mary E. Alstead. 
 liec. Secretary. — Miss Mary E. Kuhus. 
 Treasurer. — Mrs. A. V. Hamma. 
 
 ("Mrs. J. H. W. Stuckenberg, 
 
 Mrs. Prof. Prince, 
 
 Mrs. Prot. Breckenridge, 
 
 Mrs. E. S. Bu^bee, 
 
 Miss Sallie Keller, 
 
 Miss Alice Geisjer, all of Springfield, O. ; 
 
 Mrs. J. F. Schaffer, Xenia, O ; 
 
 Mrs. A. R. Howhert, Bellefontaine, O.; 
 
 Mrs. Dr. Swartz, Harrisbursr, Pa.; 
 .Mrs. S. S. Waltz, Kansas City, Mo. 
 
 Perceiving that our denomination has a work among the for- 
 eign Lutheran population which no other church can do and 
 which makes it peculiar in its responsibility for home mission 
 work, Providence seems to indicate that we ought to combine 
 home and foreign mission efibrt in our Woman's Association. 
 We deem it best to prosecute our work through the channels and 
 by the counsel and sanction of the Mission Boards of the Church. 
 We are thereby admitted to fields already prepared for us, and 
 shall gain much by the countenance and aid of organizations 
 which command the confidence of the entire body of our churches. 
 Yet, as we aim to augment our mission operations by undertaking 
 the support of departments of mission work which former agen- 
 cies were unable to support, ours is a work of great responsibilit}'. 
 
 We have assumed the support of six girl schools in India, and 
 the payment of tlic salary of a travelling missionary for Nebraska. 
 The work of organization is being vigorously prosecuted and our 
 young society claims as auxiliaries, nearly one hundred church 
 societies and six Synodical associations. Our missionary maga- 
 zine is still unpenned, but we hope for its early appearance. 
 
EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH. f)I 
 
 Our history of labors has only a name and a preface. We 
 look to the "Author of our faith" to fill it with records of suc- 
 cessful achievement. Ours is the last link but one in the golden 
 chain of missionary societies which binds the heathen women to 
 the sisters of the heavenly King. In the day when He comes 
 "to make up His jewels" may he find the chain unbroken and 
 
 encircling the world. 
 
 MRS. J. H. W. STUCKENBERG. 
 
92 WOMAN S MISSIONARY SOCIETIES. 
 
 The Woman's Missionary Society of the General Synod 
 OF the Evangelical Lutheran Church of the United 
 States, 1878-83. 
 
 When the previous article was written by our first president, 
 Mrs. Dr. Stuckenburg, it could well be said, " Our history of labors 
 has only a name and a preface." The organization of a General 
 Society had just been effected : the possibilities were only in the 
 future ; but every Jady who attended the first convention held at 
 Canton, Ohio, carried home with her part of the enthusiasm which 
 had been enkindled there, and a determination to do all in her power 
 to increase the interest which had been awakened. At the second 
 biennial convention, which was held at Altoona, Pa., in June, 188 1, 
 the fruits of the two years' work were apparent in the large num- 
 ber present. The intense interest exhibited, and the serious deter- 
 mined manner of the ladies showed how deep a hold the mission 
 cause had taken upon the hearts of all present. Although lacking in 
 experience and knowledge, all manifested an earnest desire to do 
 whatever they could to advance its interest. 
 
 Three years and a half have passed since our Society was 
 formed. We have reason to be thankful for what has been accom- 
 plished in that time. Many encouragements have been granted to us, 
 and some dark shadows have been cast over the work which have 
 been hard to penetrate and see the brightness beyond. 
 
 Six months ago, God in his providence saw best to remove, by 
 death, our beloved and honored president, Mrs. Shaffer. This was a 
 severe affliction. For a year and a half she had presided over our 
 Society with great acceptance to all. She was intensely interested in 
 the cause, always ready to devote her time to its advancement, 
 thoroughly aroused to its great need, and ever faithful to the trust 
 committed to her hands. Also in our work in India, disappoint- 
 
EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH. 93 
 
 ments and discouragements took the place of bright hopes and joy-, 
 ful anticipations. 
 
 Miss K. Boggs, the first single lady missionary employed by the 
 Lutheran Church, was sent out by the Woman's Society one year 
 after its organization. When we parted from Miss Boggs, bright 
 hopes were held of her usefulness in India ; for in every respect she 
 seemed well adapted for the path in life which she had chosen. 
 But God ruled otherwise. Scarcely had she reached the land where 
 she was desirous of working for Christ, than she was prostrated by 
 sickness, and for many weary months has suffered intensely, and is 
 now too feeble to return to her native land. This has been a dark 
 cloud over our prospects. While we are unable to see beyond, we 
 can trust God, knowing that he "doeth all things well." 
 
 During the last year the Society has built a home for our lady 
 missionaries in India, at a cost of $2,000, and will send others as 
 soon as possible to take up the work which Miss Boggs was obliged 
 to lay aside. We are supporting six schools for girls connected 
 with the mission of the Lutheran Church at Guntoon, India. These 
 schools are all in a flourishing condition. 
 
 A native zenana worker has been employed the past year, and 
 is accomplishing great good among the women. She is also of great 
 assistance in the schools. 
 
 During the years of our Society's existence, our numbers have 
 increased slowly and surely. We now have nineteen synodical 
 societies, and about three hundred auxiliary societies. The amount 
 of money contributed since our Society was organized is $16,000. 
 This is a small amount compared to that given by the women of 
 other denominations ; but when we consider the indifiference which 
 had to be overcome in the beginning of the movement, we cannot 
 help feeling gratified at this expression of interest which has been 
 created. In our home work, success has seemed to crown all our 
 efforts. 
 
94 WOMAN S MISSIONARY SOCIETIES. 
 
 In June, 1881, we established our first home mission at Free- 
 port, 111. This mission is in a prosperous condition, and has a 
 bright future before it. They have recently bought a lot on which 
 the women of our Society expect to build a church to cost $8,000. 
 Every woman is asked to contribute $1.00 each to this fund. 
 
 In June, 1882, we established our second mission at Lincoln, 
 Neb., which promises, before many years, to be a self-sustaining 
 church. A great deal of good has also been accomplished by the 
 societies in the home field, by the sending of boxes of clothing and 
 provisions to relieve the wants of the needy missionaries in the West. 
 
 Soon after the organization of our Society, in connection 
 with the Mission Board of our church, we established a Missionary 
 Journal, which has been of great assistance to our cause, and instru- 
 mental in arousing the people to the needs of the work. The first 
 year the Journal attained a circulation of 8,000, and the second year 
 it placed $200 in the mission treasury of the church. "We have also 
 issued a number of tracts. 
 
 While we wish that greater things had been accomplished, we 
 are thankful for what the women of the Lutheran Church have been 
 able to do in this noble work, in which the heart of every woman in 
 the land should be interested. We rejoice to take our place with 
 the earnest Christian women of other denominations in speeding for- 
 ward the work, and desire to faithfully perform the part allotted to us. 
 
 Mrs. E. S. Prince, 
 Secretary Executive Committee. 
 
FEMALE J^IISSIONARY SOCIETY OF THE 
 METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. 
 
 On the 5th of July, 1819, a number of females met at the 
 Wesleyan Seminary in Forsyth street (New York City) for the 
 purpose of forming an auxiliary to the Missionary Society of the 
 Methodist Episcopal Church, which had been organized the pre- 
 vious April. 
 
 The meeting was opened with prayer by Rev. Nathan Bangs, 
 who afterward stated the object of the meeting. 
 
 At a subsequent meeting a constitution was adopted, and the 
 following officers elected, viz.: — 
 
 MANAGERS AND OFFICERS. 
 
 Mrs. Thomas Mason, First Directress. Mrs. J. B. Gascoig-ne, Manager. 
 
 John Vanderpool, Second Directress. Miss Rebecca Burling, " 
 
 Doctor Seaman, Treasurer. " M.I.Morgan, " 
 
 Caroline M. Thaver, Secretary. " Susan Lamplin, " 
 
 Thomas Carpenter, Manager. " Susan Brewer, " 
 
 William Myers, " " Eliza Higgins, " 
 
 A. Shatwell, " " Maria Arcularius, " 
 
 J. Kctchum, " " Eliza Seaman, " 
 
 J. Westficld, '• " Eliza A. Anderson, " 
 
 Peter Badeau, " " Anna Williams, " 
 
 Doctor Gregory, " " S. Boyce, " 
 
 William Duvall, " " Clarissa T. Nichols, " 
 
 Ezekiel Ilalsted, " " I. A. Low, " 
 
 William B. Young. " " Harriet Donalson. " 
 
 The first minute-book of the Society, has been preserved 
 with scrupulous care. Among those composing this Board were 
 " honorable women not a few, " whose children and grandchil- 
 dren are holding positions of trust in the chuixh, and laboring 
 for the cause of Christ in this and other lands. Verily they 
 taught these precepts to their children. Soon after the formation 
 
 95 
 
q6 woman's missionary societies. 
 
 of the Society a committee was appointed, consisting of Mrs. 
 Thayer, Mrs. Mason, and Miss S. Brewer, "to prepare an ad- 
 dress to the " Female members and friends of the Methodist 
 Episcopal Church." A copy of this address is still in existence, 
 preserved on file, with early reports of this time-honored society. 
 The following extract will not be amiss even in our day. After 
 speaking of the growing wants of our own country, the sacrifices 
 of missionaries, etc., the address continues, " Shall we who dwell 
 in ease and plenty, whose tables are loaded with the bounties of 
 Providence, and whose persons are clothed with the fine-wrought 
 materials of the Eastern loom, shall we, who sit under the drop- 
 pings of the sanctuary, and are blessed with the stated ordinances 
 of the house of God, thus highl3% thus graciously privileged, shall 
 we deny the small subscription solicited, to extend the bare ne- 
 cessities of life to our dear brethren who are spending their 
 strength and wasting their health in traversing dreary mountains 
 and pathless forests to carry the glad tidings of free salvation to 
 the scattered inhabitants of the wilderness.'' From the days of Jo- 
 anna, the wife of Chusa, and other pious women, who ministered 
 of their substance to the Lord, to the present period, female char- 
 itable institutions have experienced the peculiar smiles of a gra- 
 cious Providence. We are not called to the more arduous em- 
 ployments of active life ; we are exempted from the toils and cares 
 of official stations in the Church ; but God has nevertheless re- 
 quired of us that our all should be devoted to his service. 
 
 " Let us imitate the pious Phebe, who was a servant of the 
 church ; Mary and Persis, zu/io labored much in the Lord ; and 
 those other godly women of the apostolic age whose memory still 
 lives in the page of inspiration ; let us leave notliing unattempted 
 that promises to promote the advancement of the Redeemer's 
 kingdom." 
 
METHODIST. 
 
 97 
 
 An official notice of the formation of the Female Missionary 
 Society from the Secretary, Mrs. Thayer, sent to the Parent 
 Board, is on record in the first minute-book of the latter, which is 
 preserved in the archives of the Mission Building, S05 Broadway. 
 
 These sisters went zealously to work to raise funds, and pro- 
 cure necessary garments, etc., to send the missionaries among the 
 Indian tribes in our own country and Canada. Much interest 
 was taken in the Wyandotts, also the Ojibaways. Sometimes 
 the missionaries visited the city, accompanied by native chiefs, 
 also children from their schools, which latter the Female Mission- 
 ary Society took under their care, entertained them in their fam- 
 ilies, and sent them back laden with good gifts. The mission to 
 the Green Bay Indians, under the superintendence of Rev. J. 
 Clark, was the recipient of many a well-filled box. As the years 
 sped on and missionary enterprises reached into foreign lands, the 
 Female Missionary Society gave valuable aid to the Parent Board,, 
 by taking especial charge of the female helpers, fitting them out 
 comfortably for the tedious voyages which in those da3's must be 
 taken in sailing vessels. Voluminous correspondence between 
 the officers of the Female Missionary Society and devoted laborers 
 in foreign fields are still preserved, notably that with MissWilkins, 
 of the Mission to Africa, whose heroic devotion to her self-deny- 
 ing work, puts her side by side with the illustrious Livingstone. 
 Many interesting facts of Mission work might be gathered from 
 these letters, did the limits of this paper allow. 
 
 In raising funds beside the annual subscriptions and dona- 
 tions, public meetings were held, in many instances addressed 
 by distinguished speakers, and contributions solicited for the 
 cause. Sometimes these funds were for an especial object, most- 
 ly for the benefit of schools or the female converts. The funds 
 of the Society were paid over to the Parent Board, but generally 
 
98 woman's missionary societies. 
 
 for a specified object, which by conference or agreement had been 
 settled on beforehand. 
 
 We come now to review the causes which led to the decline 
 and final dissolution of this Society, which for more than forty 
 years was in active operation. In the earlier years of its exist- 
 ence there were no local interests in the churches. The whole 
 city was a circuit. In time, each church assumed tlie care of it- 
 self, as it were, having its own missionary and benevolent soci- 
 eties. As the Female Missionary Society was composed of man- 
 agers from each church, getting their subscriptions mainly from 
 their individual churches, they found it impossible to keep them 
 up, as they were diverted through another channel. Many, too, 
 of the early workers, had passed away, or were too advanced in 
 years for active service. An unusual interest had sprung up in 
 reference to home mission work, especially in this city, and 
 found zealous workers from among those engaged in the Female 
 Missionary Society'. Perhaps an extract from the last annual re- 
 port, issued in 1861, will explain the matter : — 
 
 " Almost all of our founders, with the earliest donors and subscribers, 
 have passed away; several are yet with us striving to do what they can. 
 No-M each church is desirous to report a large missionary collection, and 
 every Sunday-school is anxious to excel in their contributions. This ac- 
 counts for our diminished receipts. Now we can be only gleaners in this 
 work. While we regret our shortcomings, yet, as a Society, we may be 
 stimulated by a review of what has been done. Our collections since the 
 commencement of the Society in 1S19, have been over $20,000, which (ex- 
 cept for small expenses) has been paid to the Parent Society. Besides this 
 there have been contributions in clothing, bedding, books, etc., for the 
 mission schools. In earlier years we did much in assisting schools under 
 the care of Rev. Wm. Case and Rev. Jno. Clark, in later years, also, the 
 school of Miss Wilkins. Our Board has held correspondence with many 
 of the missionary sisters in our own country and in South America, Africa, 
 Germany, China and India. Sister Pierce, in a recent letter (to our Direo 
 
MEITHODIST. 99 
 
 tress) from India, writes of success in their school for women and girls, 
 some of whom have been converted." 
 
 Thus in i86r, after an honorable record of over forty years, 
 most of the time having had the same Directress and Treasurer, 
 and most diligent Secretaries, the Society ceased to exist. It 
 served as a model for others, as many auxiliaries had been formed 
 in adjacent places, mostly through correspondence with the 
 preachers' wives. Without doubt this Society, formed in 1S19, 
 was the earliest Female Missionary Society in this country. To 
 them be the honor of pioneers in this blessed work of caring for 
 the souls of the heathen of our own sex. Whatever credit or 
 praise may be given to the various "Woman's Missionary Socie- 
 ties" of the present day, let us remember the many zealous work- 
 ers, who, when the cause of missions was not a popular one, 
 with many prayers and much earnest effort, labored in the midst 
 of difficulties unknown in these days. Let us emulate their 
 
 bright example. 
 
 Mrs. C. C. North. 
 
LADIES' CHINA MISSIONARY SOCIETY, 
 BALTIMORE. 
 
 The present officebearers of the Baltimore Branch Woman's 
 Foreign Missionary Society, stand before the church to-day as the 
 representatives of two societies, the past and the present, the liv- 
 ing and the dead ; yet not the dead, only as the one has yield- 
 ed itself to larger, nobler existence in the other, as form has been 
 disorganized for the fuller development of spirit and the perpet- 
 uation of substance, as maiden loses name but not identity in 
 wifehood, or spring its blossoms in the flowerage and fruitage of 
 summer. 
 
 In such relation, stands the Ladies' China Missionary Society 
 of Baltimore to the Baltimore Branch W. F. M. Society. The 
 origin of the former, thirty years ago, was on this wise : The 
 very commencement of our mission work in China, was in an in- 
 spiration. In 1S46, Rev. Judson D. Collins wrote to the Mis- 
 sionary Board his convictions and drawing toward this mighty 
 empire. The Board replied that they had not money thus to or- 
 ganize a new mission. Then wrote this determined man to Bish- 
 op Janes, "Engage me a passage before the mast, my own strong 
 arm shall pull me to China, and support me when there." The 
 Board could not resist such earnestness as that, and in 1847, ^^^ 
 with Rev. M. C. White and wife, went to Foochow. 
 
 In April, 1S48, the Ladies' China Missionar}- Society of Bal- 
 timore, was formed, with the simple general purpose of aiding in 
 100 
 
METHODIST. lOI 
 
 the support of this mission. It happened thus, and let those that 
 be wise, trace the hand of Providence in the philosophy of seem- 
 ingly accidental circumstances and little things. Indeed, are there 
 any such, to earnest souls seeking the divine guidance? 
 
 Dr. Stephen Olin preached in March a great missionary ser- 
 mon before the Baltimore Conference. The next day, a lady in- 
 terested in work in Catholic countries, in connection with the 
 Foreign Evangelical Society, happened to meet him at the house 
 of a friend. The conversation naturally turned on missionary 
 matters, and the Dr. demanded of her why she worked out- 
 side of her own denomination. " Because," she replied, " there 
 is no avenue for woman's work in the M. E. Church." " Cre- 
 ate one." "How?" "Organise an association for mission- 
 ary work." "In what field?" "China," said he, " that is 
 now open — work for China, form your society, and I will speak 
 at your first anniversary." The seed dropped by this servant of 
 God, seemingly on the wayside, fell on good ground. Who can 
 tell what the fruitage and its harvest shall be? She, (Mrs. Anna 
 L. Davidson, long the corresponding secretary of the society, 
 now an earnest worker in the M. E. Church, South), returned 
 home, pondered, prayed and determined to make the eflbrt. The 
 pastors of the various churches, and the earnest, active women in 
 them were visited, their co-operation secured, a meeting called, 
 and a band of efficient managers selected. 
 
 January, 1849, this society held its first anniversary in the old 
 historic Light Street Church, near whose site, in 17S4, in theLov- 
 ly Lane meeting house, the M. E. Church of America, received 
 name and form and organic existence in the famous Christmas 
 conference, and Frances Asbury received ordination as our first 
 Bishop. A great many good things in our Methodism got thence 
 their start, this not the least. Goodly men, and true, whose 
 
102 woman's missionary societies. 
 
 names are as ointment poured forth, took part in the service. 
 Bishop Janes presided. Rev. T. Sewall moved "that the soci- 
 ety forthw^ith endeavor both here, and through the eflbrts of its 
 managers, to obtain annual and life subscribers sufficient to justify 
 its sending another missionary to China." True to liis pledge, 
 that mighty man of God, Stephen Olin, really the father of the 
 society, " made an able and efiective speech." 
 
 With this consecration, the society kept on the even tenor of 
 its way for ten years, not expecting or accomplishing very much, 
 but paying into the parent Board about $300 annually. During 
 all these ten years, not a single convert gladdened the mission 
 field. Reason might have said, "It is in vain, give up;" but 
 faith said, " Go farther, do more," and faith prevailed. My pre- 
 decessor writes: "This feeble band of women, feeble in one 
 sense, but strong in faith and determination, struggled on through 
 opposition and difficulties. An independent organization was 
 considered an infringement not only on church usage, but the ab- 
 solute rights of the Missionary Board, consequently official breth- 
 ren, ministers, with a few honorable exceptions, gave the cold 
 shoulder. Nothing daunted, our little band quietly and steadily 
 pursued their way, gathering and dropping small sums, as the 
 widow's mite, into the treasury of the Lord." For when did a 
 woman with a divine instinct within her, fail because of man's 
 incredulity and injlifference ? Since Mary broke her alabaster box, 
 she has met and triumphed over svich, and won the crowning en- 
 comium of her Lord. Nothing daunted, we say, by discourage- 
 ment at home, and poor success abroad, in 1858, this society 
 caught fresh inspiration, made a " new departure," became heroic 
 in its endeavor, and specific in its work, and with the usual re- 
 sults, large faith and large enterprise commanding large success. 
 Where the timid and doubting fail, the trusting and determined 
 triumph. According to our faith, our works and victory. 
 
METHODIST. IO3 
 
 The position then taken, and the work then assumed by this 
 society, was in response to earnest appeals made by Dr. Went- 
 worth, then missionary to China. The facts he stated and the ar- 
 guments he employed are so like those^ve are now accustomed to 
 hearanduse, thattheyhave a very familiar sound. Repleads that 
 funds be raised to build and sustain a female school in Foochow. 
 He says, "It is a favorite scheme of mine, but I have already 
 lost heart and hope on the subject. Teaching is a great aid to the 
 diffusion of Christianity in all lands ; witness the sabbath schools 
 and Christian schools at home, and the anxiety of all churches to 
 obtain academic education, particularly the strenuous efforts of the 
 Romanists, the greatest tacticians in the world on this particular 
 line. We are surrounded by females degraded by custom, by 
 ignorance, by vice. Such as escape drowning in infancy, ai'e im- 
 mediately contracted in marriage, systematically crippled and con- 
 demned to life-long seclusion. Our churches are full, of men, our 
 preaching is to men, only now and then a woman dares venture 
 within sound of the gospel, and these are the large footed women, 
 small footed, or ladies of China, never. Their lords despise them 
 as a class, and are ashamed to be seen abroad with them. Noth- 
 ing in Asia or the East calls more loudly for reformation than the 
 condition of women. In no department is missionary labor more 
 needed than this, and woman only can be reached by woman. 
 Asiatics jealously exclude women from intercourse with men. 
 Instead of here and there a teacher, and a languishing school, 
 China needs an army of Christian females, ready, if need be, to 
 lay down their lives for their own sex and the gospel. Your city 
 is fond of building monuments, and certainly none could be more 
 appropriate than one erected on this soil in the shape of an effi- 
 ciently working female academy ;" $5,000 was the amount asked 
 for. This appeal came through the parent Board with its endorse- 
 
104 WOMAN S MISSIONARY SOCIETIES. 
 
 ment ; Dr. Durbin, then missionary Secretary, sending- us a com- 
 munication with the enclosed : 
 
 " Resolved, That if the ladies feel heartily disposed to undertake this 
 work, and have good hope they can accomplish it in a given time, the 
 Board will accept their services in this respect, and execute their will." 
 
 The Board also recognizing our own good faith and trust 
 worthiness, oflered to advance to the mission the required $5,000, 
 we pledging ourselves to repay $3,500 by January i, 1S60, and 
 the balance as soon as practicable. After much deliberation and 
 prayer we assumed this responsibility and made this pledge. Im- 
 mediately an appeal was issued in circular form, and through the 
 Christian Advocate and Journal. It gives copies of the letters re- 
 ceived from Dr. Wentworth and commences thus : 
 
 "Being greatly encouraged by recent news from China, and feeling 
 confident that God purposes to do a great work in that countrj-, we have 
 determined, by the grace of God, to enter an open door of extended use- 
 fulness which now presents itself, to aid in rescuing the daughters of that 
 benighted land from heathenish degradation, and thus raise a mighty in- 
 strumentality, which in the hand of the Almighty, will do much toward 
 the regeneration of that vast and interesting empire, an empire groaning 
 under the pressure of three hundred millions of immortal souls, — one-third 
 the human race. In response to the representations made us, that board- 
 ing schools for females are of the highest importance, essential to success, 
 we have resolved to build a house suitable for such purpose, taking girls 
 out of the mire of idolatrous customs, and surrounding them with Chris- 
 tian influences. Three highly educated young ladies are prepared to sail 
 as teachers. We wish to give the means to erect a home for them and their 
 pupils who already await their arrival." 
 
 Thus^ in the summer of 1858, commenced in this land, spe- 
 cifically woman's work for woman, the work of the century to 
 which God specially by the imperative needs of the case, — by the 
 clamorous and increasing opportunities, — by every motive of 
 gratitude and obligation, summons Christian women, the work 
 
METHODIST. IO5 
 
 He has so signally and marvellously blessed, both in its subjective 
 and objective relations, both in its direct influence on heathendom 
 and its reflex influence at home ; the vi^ork througlnvhich the social 
 foundations of heathen nations are being imdermined, and woman 
 won to Jesus ; the family, the community, the country, the world, 
 follows. This, the thing we haveundei'taken, to which as Chris- 
 tian women we stand pledged ; this, the banner we have floated to 
 the breeze, and to which we renew our vows of allegiance, the 
 uuomen of all lands for Jesus. 
 
 We cannot but feel some pleasure in the fact that our belov- 
 ed Methodism was the first to engage distinctively, organically, in 
 this work, nor a little pride that in the city where the M. E. 
 church of America commenced its organic existence, we were 
 also providentially permitted to pioneer this good work. But 
 very humble were the beginnings, and we were building much 
 wiser and higher than we knew. October 4, 185S, Miss Potter 
 and the Misses S. and B. Woolston sailed with the present super- 
 intendent of the mission and wife, Rev. S. L. Baldwin. Miss 
 Potter became Mrs. Wentworth. The Misses Woolston have re- 
 mained steady, devoted, successful workers, and are now on their 
 homeward way, only to seek more strength, to put in more work. 
 Mr. and Mrs. Baldwin have ever been our firmest friends and 
 ablest helpers. 
 
 Upon our acceptance of this pledge, and undertaking this 
 work. Dr. Durbin writes us, " Let this school be the honor and 
 lighthouse of Baltimore, in the midst of more than 400,000,000 
 people that give to death more than half their female children." 
 
 From China, joyful and enthusiastic acknowledgments were 
 received. Dr. Maclay writes, February, 1859, " Thanks, many 
 thanks to your society for its prompt and cordial endorsement of 
 our plan to establish a girls' seminary. Help, sisters, help ! The 
 
io6 woman's missionary societies. 
 
 harvest is plenteous, the laborers are few. Do not cease to pray. 
 But may I not say, Come? Four hundred millions of souls! but 
 where are the laborers ? Oh ! that the church would awake." 
 
 And Dr. Wentworth writes : " It strikes me that the Balti- 
 more Female China Missionary Society, has found its appropriate 
 field of labor. You have toiled and sacrificed years for China, 
 now Providence has furnished you with a specific object of inter- 
 est inside of China, inside the general mission, the church at Foo- 
 chow, it is no less than the elevation of your own sex, through the 
 medium of your own sex." Thus were we led to attempt the so- 
 lution of this mighty, puzzling problem of missionary labor in 
 the East, viz : how the women could be reached and rescued and 
 redeemed, — a problem which, soon after, others with wiser heads 
 and stronger hands took up, — a problem in the solution of which 
 the women of all Christian denominations are now more or less 
 engaged, realizing that therein largely lies the solution of that 
 other problem which the Master on Mt. Olivet put into our hands, 
 viz.: the salvation of the race. If, through woman in the Garden, 
 the vantage ground was lost, by woman in her manifold relations 
 and responsibilities, somehow it is to be regained. If woman 
 bi'ought sin, she must also bring the Saviour. If Satan then tri- 
 umphed over her, and through her the race, then also was assign- 
 ed her, her work and mission in the world — to bruise his head 
 and thus pluck nobler victory out of defeat. Who shall say that 
 the work now being done in this way is not foreshadowed and in- 
 cluded in that commission.'' So may every woman be a Mary and 
 carry a Saviour in her arms. 
 
 Before closing the record of this Society, it is right and just 
 to allude to a most essential service it rendered the church in a 
 most critical and trying time. It is written, "Blessed are the 
 peacemakers." That blessing is ours. In that time of sad and 
 
METHODIST. 10/ 
 
 bitter memories to which it is painful even to revert, when in our 
 section strife was not only national, but domestic and social and 
 ecclesiastic, and the very ark of the Lord was imperilled because 
 of the division of brethren, when even good people lost faith in 
 and love toward each other, the great missionary cause suffered 
 much from this lack of confidence, and the supposed possible di- 
 version of its funds from other than their strictly intended use. 
 At that time there were Sunday schools and congregations in our 
 city that would only make missionary contributions with the un- 
 derstanding they were to be entirely directed by our Society to 
 our special field, and sphere of labor, and thus the confidence they 
 had in us personally, and the work we carried, served as a 
 breakwater, saving to the missionary cause what otherwise would 
 have been withheld. 
 
 But in the meantime a new and brighter constellation appear- 
 ed among thegalaxy of Christian workers, and Boston was its birth- 
 place, and March 22, i869,its birth-day, and Woman's ForeignMis- 
 sionary Society its name. Tidings came to us of its heroic concep- 
 tions, its vast enterprise, its wonderful success, and with these, 
 wooings of affiliation. Still, with true Southern conservatism, we 
 held on to the good old paths, straight and narrow as they were. 
 But in 1871, this wave of missionary sentiment broke so strongly 
 upon us that we were constrained to cry, " I yield, I yield, I can 
 hold out no more." Rev. Mr. and Mrs. Baldwin then visiting 
 this country, had been invited to address the twenty-third " anni- 
 versary of this China Society, to be held March 10." In the 
 meantime. Dr. and Mrs. Butler, irresistible and irrepressible, in- 
 terviewed and most diligently labored with the preachers of the 
 city, and officers of this Society. The Corresponding Secretary 
 of the Philadelphia Branch added her persuasiveness, and per 
 consequence, March 6, 1S71, we made surrender of person and 
 
I08 WOMAN'S MISSIONARY SOCIETIES. 
 
 property, name, fame and fortune, our officers, our assets, our in- 
 fluence, all our interests to the Woman's Foreign Missionaiy Soci- 
 ety of the M. E. church, a surrender, an association, a work we 
 have rejoiced in every day since, realizing that in thus losing our 
 life, we saved it, that the greater should always include the less, 
 that dawn must naturally yield to day, that the law of life is the 
 survival of the fittest. 
 
 The then Corresponding Secretary of the Ladies' China Mis- 
 sionary Society, and the present of the Baltimore Branch W. F. 
 M. Society, had the honor of offering the resolution that closed 
 one good honored career that a broader and better one might be 
 commenced, illustrating the conservatism of holding on to that 
 which is good with the progressiveness of going on to perfection ; 
 that wedded indissolubly for better or worse, for richer or poorer, 
 these two societies, so that what was to have been the twenty- 
 third anniversary of the one became the inauguration of the other. 
 
 So then the Pleiades was complete, serenely shining ever 
 since, so then was added to the prism that other ray from the 
 South needful to make the perfect light. Then the seventh was 
 placed among the golden candlesticks, amongst which walks one 
 like unto the Son of man, and from which we pray light may 
 shine forth into all the earth, dispersing all darkness more and 
 more unto the perfect day. God speed its coming ! and let every 
 woman by word and work, say, amen ! 
 
 Isabel Hart. 
 
WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSIONARY 
 SOCIETY. 
 
 Until within a short time, many have supposed that a Wo- 
 man's Missionary Society in the Methodist Church was a novelty, 
 but we are glad to learn that of late it is becoming more generally 
 known, that within three months after the organization of the 
 Missionary Society of the M. E. Church, a few women in New 
 York banded themselves together and entered the fields as glean- 
 ers. Patiently and perseveringly, for more than forty years, 
 did they gather all the careful reapers permitted them. Then, 
 from sheer exhaustion, we opine, the " Female Missionary Soci- 
 ety" was no more. 
 
 If a side remark were admissible, we would suggest that pos- 
 sibly if this shapely sapling had been set more remote from the 
 parent trunk, no other tree of like kind need ever have been plant- 
 ed in the Methodist garden. Too much shade and too little nour- 
 ishment prevented its growth, and we doubt not finally caused its 
 death. 
 
 A score or more years after this Society commenced its work, 
 another "• few women " of our church were found combining their 
 energies and efforts, and innocently ignorant of the existence of 
 this early band, the first Society in America, — making work for 
 heathen women a specialty, — was organized. This secondhand 
 of "gleaners" found the fields less carefully guarded and the reapers 
 
 109 
 
no woman's missionary societies. 
 
 more generously inclined. Possibly the use of the sickle was 
 given them noW and then. However this may have been, 
 they worked vigorously on through heat and storm until they 
 gained a noble position in the foreign field. Their banner still 
 floats, although in place of " Baltimore Ladies' China Mis- 
 sionary Society," another name is generously inscribed. 
 
 This tree had less shade and more nourishment, — result — 
 more fruit. 
 
 When the third "few women of Methodism" started out as 
 missionary gleaners, inviting and urgingevery woman in the church 
 to join them, some of the reapers excitedly cried, "Rivals! rivals !" 
 "We cannot allow our fields thus intruded upon." "If they 
 want to work let them gather for our garner ; no need of two 
 barns for what can be put into one." Others said, " Be patient, 
 they'll soon get tired of it." One learned divine, in an editorial 
 
 note in "Advocate," discussed the question something like this, 
 
 " Somcof the most thoughtful minds are beginning to ask what is 
 to become of this woman movement in the church ; " then sage- 
 ly remarked, " This is no new thing ; all through our history like 
 movements have been started. Let them alone. Do not ojDpose 
 them, and it will soon die out." But with gratitude let it be re- 
 corded that these were the exceptions. Most of the " thoughtful 
 minds" adopted the language of one of old and said, " Help those 
 women," and bid them a hearty God-speed. The aflrighted ones 
 knew not that the work these women had undertaken was recom- 
 mended to them by the " authorities." Here is one instance: — 
 
 Juno 15, 1S68, Dr. Durbin closes a letter to a Boston lady by 
 saying, " I commend the subject of supporting one or more young 
 ladies in India, as teachers in our Zenana schools." Enclosed in 
 this letter was a printed slip in regard to Zenana work. Evident- 
 ly the seed-time of thought and deliberation had nearly passed. 
 
METHODIST. Ill 
 
 The harvest of action and execution of plans were at hand. "The 
 fulness of time had come." But we anticipate ; what of this 
 
 NEW MOVEMENT, 
 
 and how inaugurated ? 
 
 Early in March of 1S69, Mr. and Mrs. Parker appeared in 
 their New England home on their return from India, their hearts 
 burning with desire for the evangelization of women of heathen 
 lands. A degree of interest in this subject had been excited in 
 the minds- of many ladies of our church, by the example of others 
 who had already banded themselves together to assist in this work, 
 but thus far no definite action had been taken towards any general 
 movement. The appeals by Mrs. Parker to the women 6f our 
 church were such as none but one who had labored in heathen 
 lands could make. She said the wives of missionaries had done 
 all in their power, and had accomplished a grand and glorious 
 work for women and children, but after all it was like the few 
 lights in a dense darkness, which seemed only to increase the sur- 
 rounding gloom. There jnust be more womcjz to do this work, 
 or it could never be done. She strongly advocated the sending 
 out of single women who would not be burdened with domestic 
 cares. Mrs. Dr. Butler (then a resident of Boston), whose ex- 
 perience, as the wife of the founder of the India mission, was still 
 fresh in her memory, and who had already taken deep interest in the 
 work of the Woman's Board, now joined hands with Mrs. Parker 
 in her efforts to arouse the women of the Methodist Church to a 
 sense of their obligations to their sisters in heathen lands, as well 
 as to Him a knowledge of whom had caused the only difference 
 between them and us. Mrs. Parker stated that in response to her 
 appeals to the ladies of the West, they said, " If the ladies of the 
 East will start, we will follow." At length two ladies of Tremont 
 Street Church, Mrs. Thomas A. Rich and Mrs. Lewis Flanders 
 
112 WOMAN S MISSIONARY SOCIETIES. 
 
 had the courage to say, "We will help you." * * * * 
 
 * * * * ¥t * * * «««» 
 
 »*****# * * * * * 
 
 * * * * Notices were sent to the Methodist churches 
 of Boston and vicinity, inviting ladies to meet at Tremont Street 
 Church, Monday, March 23, at 3 p.m., "to consider the propri- 
 ety of organizing a Ladies' Foreign Missionary Society." 
 
 On the morning of the appointed day, Mrs. Parker awoke to 
 behold one of the most furious storms of the season, and she twen- 
 ty-five miles from the place of meeting. A friend with whom she 
 was visiting, says, "Brother Parker tried to dissuade her from 
 going to Boston, saying 'No one will be there, we had better go 
 home.' Mrs. Parker hesitated, as if recaUing the sight of those 
 soul-starving women of heathendom, and the devoted mission- 
 aries overtaxed, and breaking down under the burden resting upon 
 them, then turning to her husband she said, ' Kdwin, you can do 
 as you think best, but /must go to Boston.' " 
 
 She came, to find only Mrs. Butler and seven other ladies 
 present. Nothing daunted, after some deliberation, the draft of a 
 constitution was presented, and considered article by article. 
 Some amendments were made, after which it was approved, and 
 a board of officers appointed. 
 
 Mrs. Bishop Baker, Concord, N. H., was elected President; 
 Mrs. B. J. Pope, Boston, Recording Secretary ; Mrs. T. A. Rich, 
 Boston, Treasurer; and Mrs. Ruby Warfield Thayer, Newtonville, 
 Mass., whose name was familiar to the whole church, as one of 
 the Corresponding Secretaries of the Ladies' Centenary As- 
 sociation in 1866, was chosen for CorresjDonding Secretary of 
 this Society. This meeting was adjourned to the following 
 Monday. At the meeting on the 29th, although the elements still 
 refused to favor a large attendance, about thirty ladies were 
 
METHODIST. T^ 
 
 present, and a good degree of enthusiasm prevailed. A score of 
 names were added to the membership, and six ladies became Life 
 Members. 
 
 A letter from Mrs. Thayer expressed a deep interest in the 
 work proposed, but on account of her failing health she declined 
 to accept the office tendered her. (We may be permitted to say 
 that after a few months of earnest, successful labor for this cause, 
 she was called to her rest above) . 
 
 Mrs. Rev. Dr. Warren of Cambridge, Mass., Mrs. Jennie F. 
 Willing of Rockford, 111., and IMrs. Rev. E. W. Parker, were 
 then appointed to conduct the correspondence of the Society. 
 
 ORGANIZATION RE-STATED. 
 
 The Woman's Foreign Missionaiy Society of the Methodist 
 Episcopal Church, was organized in the Chapel of Tremont Street 
 Church, Boston, March 22, 1869, by Mrs. Rev. E. W. Parker, 
 Mrs. Rev. Dr. Butler, and seven others.* Ladies were selected 
 from seventeen different States to enter upon this second £^eneral 
 movement of the women of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and 
 the formation of auxiliaries recommended throughout the entire 
 church. By vote of the Executive Board, no auxiliary could be 
 organized within three miles of the city of Boston. Weak hearts 
 desired one strong body, around which might cluster these weak- 
 er ones. This plan proved to be a mistake, and in a few months 
 was changed, and an auxiliary recommended in each church in 
 Boston and vicinity. 
 
 Immediately after the organization of the Society, auxilia- 
 ries began to be formed in different parts of the country, — in 
 
 *Mrs. T. A. Rich, Mrs. Lewis Flanders, Mrs. Albert Ellis, Mrs. Thomas Kingsburyt 
 Mrs. W . B. Merrill, Mrs. O. T. Taylor, Mrs. L. H. Daggett. 
 
114 woman's missionary societies 
 
 New England, under the direction of Mrs. Parker, .ind in the 
 West through the efforts of Mrs. Willing, who spared neither 
 time nor money to extend this work. In the minutes of a meet- 
 ing of the Executive Board in November, we find recorded a vote 
 of thanks to Mrs. Willing for donation of her travelling expens- 
 es in organizing auxiliaries. 
 
 Aiming at nothing less than a union of the women of the 
 whole church in this work, it must be confessed that the organiz- 
 ers of this Society felt some degree of anxiety lest those residing 
 in and around the " missionary headquarters" might not be will- 
 ing to engage in this " new movement." But these fears were 
 dispersed and many hearts rejoiced with "exceeding great joy" 
 when they learned that an auxiliary had been organized in Brook- 
 lyn, N. Y., with the wife of one of the Missionary Secretaries 
 (Mrs. Dr. Harris) as its President, and other prominent ladies 
 who sat beneath the " droppings of the sanctuary" of the Parent 
 Society, had commenced work in earnest. In their estimation 
 this fact insured success — the wife of the keen, far-sighted Sec- 
 retary would not enlist in a doubtful cause. 
 
 To obtain a more definite understanding of the objects and 
 aims of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society than could be 
 had by correspondence. Rev. Drs. Durbin and Harris met such 
 ladies and gentlemen as were interested in this " new movement," 
 in the vestry of Bromfield Street Church, Boston, on the 7th of 
 May. Rev. Dr. Patten presided over its deliberations. 
 
 From a report of this meeting, we quote as follows : — 
 
 " The whole subject was fully discussed and the following 
 conclusions reached : — 
 
 " I St. That such a Society is very much needed to unite the 
 ladies of the Methodist Church in increased efforts to meet the 
 demand for labor among women in heathen lands. 
 
METHODIST. 115 
 
 "2d. That this Society, though not auxiliary to the general 
 Missionaiy Society, should work in harmony to it, seeking its 
 council and approval in all its work. 
 
 "3d. That a missionary paper might be published by the 
 ladies of the Society, with great profit to the entire missionary 
 cause." 
 
 The society thus recognized and authorized by the Mission- 
 ary Secretaries, at once began to execute its plans with renewed 
 energy and increased faith. This recognition and authority were 
 given by these officers of the Missionary Society acting for it until 
 the session of General Conference, when we must look to that 
 body for ratification and approval. This was freely given in its 
 next session in 1S73. 
 
 • Further, it was distinctly understood and pledged that while 
 this new Society was not to be an auxiliary to the General Mis- 
 sionary Society, yet it was to act entirely in harmony with it, 
 under the direction, supervision and approval of its officers and 
 missionaries — that all its expenditures, fields and methods of 
 work, and missionaries, must have the approval of the former ; 
 that in no sense was it to be a rival, but in every sense a helpmeet. 
 In many respects this May 7 was an epoch in the history of 
 our Society — a definite standing, a breathing, a working place 
 was given us, among the hosts of the Lord's army, and we wanted 
 at once to show our appreciation of and our intention to occupy 
 it. At the close of this Conference, the first money was paid 
 from the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society — to Dr. Harris, 
 for the support of a Bible Woman in Moradabad, India. There 
 was special significance and sacredness in this first offering. We 
 are glad the foundation of this work was of such precious stone. 
 It was given by a lady in the name of a daughter who, before her 
 departure to her heavenly home, said, "If I should not get well, 
 
ii6 
 
 WOMAN S MISSIONARY SOCIETIES. 
 
 I would like to have Papa give as much money to the Mission- 
 aries every j-ear as it costs to take care of me." 
 
 In the old dispensation, the "first fruits" offered to the Lord 
 indicated the character of the coming harvest. We think it has 
 been so here. Rarely has a cause been sanctified and glorified by 
 offerings representing more of sacrifice and devotion than what 
 has been cast into this treasury. And when we have been seek- 
 ing to trace some of the secrets of its marvellous success, we 
 have at least found one of them here. Some dollars, as weighed 
 in the balances of the sanctuary, seem to comprehend more than 
 an hundred cents. And these dollars, most of them, have come 
 to us with a value not recognized in the commercial market, — 
 memories of the departed, the hard earnings and close savings of 
 the living, baptized, many of them, in heart-blood and consecra- 
 ted with prayer. No wonder that such should come up as memo- 
 rials before the Lord. 
 
 " HEATHEN WOMAN's FRIEND." 
 
 At this meeting, on the 7th of May, another advance step 
 was taken, — we were authorized to consummate a cherished 
 plan, — one, indeed, vital to the permanence and success of our So- 
 ciety ; viz., the establishment of a i^eriodical which should be its 
 organ. The necessity of some such medium of communication be- 
 itween the foreign fields and home workers for giving informa- 
 tion and arousing interest, was felt from the first ; but as it was 
 a commercial enterprise to be undertaken at considerable risk and 
 with no capital, no wonder many shrank from it. Then there 
 was the disposition felt from the first to presei"ve inviolate the 
 funds of the Society. Money obtained with such difficulty and 
 representing so much, must not be perilled or expended for aught 
 but the sacred causes for which it was pledged. That this felt 
 
METHODIST. 11/ 
 
 want might be met and yet this sacred fund be preserved, it was 
 wisely determined that the funds of the Society should not be used 
 for the publication of the paper, but that eventually it must be- 
 come self-supporting. To meet this emergency some five or six 
 ladies became personally responsible for the expense of publishing 
 this little missionary messenger. Thus did this most important 
 and successful enterprise have a start through the faith, energy and 
 liberality of these ladies. 
 
 Mrs. Dr. Warren, ISIrs. Rev. E. W. Parker and Mrs. Dr. 
 Butler were appointed to arrange for its publication. Subse- 
 quently Mrs. Willing was substituted for Mrs. Butler. At the 
 first meeting of the General Executive Committee in April, 1S70, 
 Mrs. Warren was appointed editor-in-chief with a corps of edi- 
 torial contributors. 
 
 The first number was published in May, 1869, but being im- 
 perfect, was discarded, and a revised edition consisting of fifteen 
 hundred eight-page papers appeared bearing date June, 1S69, 
 and title of Heathen I'Vomapi's Friend. This standard-bear- 
 er of our Society at once entered front ranks as a Missionary 
 paper, and commenced a career of great success. Its canvass 
 was energetically pushed by ladies quite unused to the work, and 
 as its merits became more generally known, its success became 
 the more assured. Its list of subscribers continued to increase 
 until 1874, when it reached twenty-five thousand seven hundred. 
 Since then, although from all sections come the same commenda- 
 tory words concerning It, from various causes its circulation has 
 diminished. It has become a well-established fact among us, 
 that the genuine, continued interest in the work, is generally 
 in proportion to the circulation of the paper, so that to press its 
 claims has becoir.e a matter of prime importance. 
 
 More, as all the way by which the Lord our God is leading 
 
Il8 woman's missionary societies. 
 
 us is becoming clearer, and all that lie purposes to work through 
 us becoming better understood, we see that this paper and the 
 Missionary literature created and circulated by our Society, are 
 important factors in a great educational and developing work 
 among our own women. With their various incentives to and 
 facilities for general culture, a brightened, broadened womanhood 
 is being developed in the church. But these are among the " all 
 things" added to those who seek first God's glory and the exten- 
 sion of His kingdom. 
 
 FIRST missionaries. 
 
 The first public meeting of this Society was held in Brom- 
 field Street Church, May 26, Governor Claflin presiding ; Dr. 
 W. F. Warren giving a history of the Society, Dr. Butler an ac- 
 count of the degradation of women in India, and Rev. Mr. Parker 
 urging Christian women to their rescue. At a meeting of the 
 Society following this public meeting, the name of our first Mis- 
 sionary was presented to us for consideration, — Miss Isabella 
 Thoburn of Bcllaire, Ohio, who had already been approved by 
 the Parent Board, and was only waiting till suflicient money 
 should be raised, — whose convictions of duty were so strong 
 that this failing, she determined to go under the auspices of some 
 other Society. Not twenty ladies were present, and there was less 
 than three hundred dollars in our treasury. Some timid ones 
 shrank from assuming so great a responsibility, — but as the 
 strong convictions, the superior character and the peculiar qualifi 
 cations of this young lady were disclosed, courage mounted above 
 caution and inspired to prompt and noble decision, and one 
 whose name we delight to record — ]\Irs. Edward F. Porter — arose, 
 and dwelling on these things, the crying need of these perishing 
 women, the peculiar fitness of this woman who offered to go to 
 them as our representative, said, " Shall we lose her because we 
 
METHODIST. II9 
 
 have not the needed money in our hands? No, rather let us walk 
 the streets of Boston in our calico robes and save the expense of 
 more costly apparel. Mrs. President, I move the appointment 
 of Miss Thoburn as our Missionary to India." And all felt this 
 vv^as the voice of God to them, and said, "We will send her." 
 
 Sept. 9, the name of Miss Swain was presented as a medical 
 Missionary to India. The highest testimonials were also given as 
 to her ability and worth, and again, it seemed that heroic and 
 hazardous as the venture was, we must not lose the opportunity of 
 gaining so valuable a worker. And so it happened in the good 
 Providence of God, that together there left our shores, Nov. 23d, 
 these two women, as our pioneers, our representatives, the ad- 
 vanced corps of the great company that we expect, through the 
 years to come, shall go from us on this holy mission. We know 
 that comparisons are invidious, and how delicate are all person- 
 alities, but we may be pardoned for saying that our Jirst were 
 at least among our best, — that we never cease to be thankful that 
 they were just wJio they were and what they were, and for the 
 blessed work they have wrought. Ten years have passed and Isa- 
 bella Thoburn, in Lucknow, is still the strength and crown of our 
 Missionary force, and Clara A. Swain, through whom our Society 
 had the distinguishing honor of inaugurating woman's medical 
 work in India and building the first medical hospital in the East — 
 at Bareilly — though compelled to return to us under the stroke of 
 disease contracted in the service, is about to return strengthened 
 in body, faith, spirit, to the work which is the joy of her heart and 
 the glory of her life. 
 
 As this work grew upon us in its scope ; as we saw the possi- 
 bility of its including all our mission fields ; and as we desired the 
 best possible arrangements that should bring under its influence 
 and embrace in its activities all the women in all the sections 
 
120 woman's missionary societies. 
 
 of our country, North, South, East and West, it was evident that 
 some plan must be adopted which would give us more direct 
 access to them. So, after much consultation and a revision of the 
 Constitution, — New England cheerfully waving any right of pre- 
 cedence or priority, — the present plan of work was elaborated 
 and decided upon. The country was districted into ten co-ordi- 
 nate branches, each having its own headquarters. These branch- 
 es were composed of all the auxiliary societies in their respect- 
 ive sections. The aim was to form one of these in every church. 
 Each branch was to have its definitely assigned work in the for- 
 eign field. The central, controlling, legislative power of the 
 ivhole society was vested in a General Executive Committee to 
 meet annually, composed of the corresponding secretary and two 
 delegates from each branch. The whole being somewhat anal- 
 agous in its working to the federal, state and municipal govern- 
 ment in our country. 
 
 MEETINGS OF THE GENERAL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. 
 
 In harmony with the above arrangement, the first annual meet- 
 ing of the General Executive Committee of the Woman's Foreign 
 Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church was held 
 at the residence of Mrs. Thomas Rich, Boston, April 20, 1S70. 
 
 During the session of that meeting, the support of the Bare- 
 illey Orphanage, heretofore under the charge of the Parent Mis- 
 sionary Society, was assumed by the Society, and an appropriation 
 of $3,000 made for that purpose. Also during this meeting, Miss 
 Fannie J. Sparks was accepted as a missionary candidate, who, 
 leaving the next October, for India, took charge of this Orphan- 
 age, keeping it to the pi"esent time, with an interval of compelled 
 rest at home, and fully proving herself, in the blessedness of hei 
 work, the equal of those who had preceded her the previous 
 
METHODIST. 121 
 
 year. Initiatory steps looking to the extension of our work into 
 China and Bulgaria were also then taken. 
 
 The second meeting of the General Executive Committee 
 was held in Chicago, May, 1S71. More comprehensive legislation, 
 and the acceptance of a wider range of work, characterized this 
 session. The " Ladies' China Missionary Society" of Baltimore 
 here made over themselves and their missionary assets, compris- 
 ing the support of the Boarding School at Foochow and of the 
 Misses Woolston, who had been teachers therein for twelve years. 
 Arrangements were made for the thorough inauguration of woman's 
 work in Peking. Also for sending several missionaries to India. 
 
 The third meeting of this Committee was held in New York, 
 May, 1S73, during which appropriations were made for sending 
 two lach'es to Kiu Kiang. Thus, now were occupied by us our 
 three missionary centres in China: Foochow, Peking, and Kiu 
 Kiang. In India our work was spreading itself through the three 
 districts occupied by the Parent Society — Oudh, Rohilcund, 
 Kumaon. This meeting has special interest from the fact that 
 our Society then received the full and hearty 
 
 APPROVAL OF GENERAL CONFERENCE. 
 
 This was given in the following language : — 
 "Committee on Missions reported as early as possible, and the 
 General Conference suspended its order of business to consider 
 and promptly adopt the following : — 
 
 " Having earnestly considered the papers referred to us on the subject of the 
 Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church, we 
 recommend the following: 
 
 '■'■Resolved, That we hereby recognize the Woman's Foreign Missionary 
 Society as an eflicient agency in the spread of the gospel, and that we encourage 
 our sisters to prosecute their work with no other restrictions than at present, and 
 
122 WOMAN S MISSIONARY SOCIETIES. 
 
 that they be permitted to publish their report in connection with the report of the 
 Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 
 '''■Resolved, That we recommend that pastors report the amount raised in their 
 several charges by the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society, and that such re- 
 port be published in the General Minutes. 
 
 " Resolved, That we recommend that all real estate in foreign lands, belong- 
 ing to this society, be held for it by the Missionary Society of the Methodist 
 Episcopal Church, as trustees in trust." 
 
 The following is from the " Report of the Committee on the 
 State of the Church :"— 
 
 "The Woman's Foreign Missionary Society was organized in March, 
 1869, by the ladies of our church in Boston. This society originated in the 
 fact that in some of the mission fields women only can obtain access to the 
 women of those countries, and that the condition of the latter is such as to 
 appeal in the strongest possible form for the benign and elevating influence of 
 Christianity. 
 
 " To the special and infinitely wise providence of God we believe the 
 church is indebted for the origin of this institution, which we regard as des- 
 tined to be an agency of great power in spreading the gospel throughout 
 India and China. Although its origin is so recent, it already has six hun- 
 dred auxiliaries, and nine missionaries in the field. Its funds and resources 
 are rapidly increasing. It eminently deserves the fostering care of the whole 
 church." 
 
 THE SUBSEQUENT HISTORY 
 
 of our Society is simply that of continued and increased activity 
 as the wa3' opened and as we had ability to occupy. Conscious 
 of the danger of diffusion rather than concentration, yet in re- 
 sponse to the urgent solicitation of the missionaries of the Parent 
 Society, we entered the various fields occupied by them as soon as 
 our strength permitted. In 1874, we commenced workin Rosario, 
 South America. Subsequently, we extended our work to Monte- 
 video. Our Church having entered Mexico and Japan, the same 
 
METHODIST. 123 
 
 year (1874), we sent missionaries to both these fields. In Mex- 
 ico, we have work in Mexico City, Pachuca, Amecca Mecca, 
 Puebla and Guanajuato. In Japan, in Tokio, Yokohama, Ila- 
 kodaki and Nagasaki. In Italy we commenced the support of 
 native Bible women in 1S77. In Africa, although we have done 
 some tentative work, yet it has not been very satisfactory, and 
 we are forecasting and arranging to avail ourselves of better open- 
 ings. 
 
 The Woman's Medical Missionary work has always engaged 
 our special interest, honored as we were in inaugurating it, by send- 
 ing the first medical missionary to India. She has successively 
 been followed there by four others, and by five in China, not, how- 
 ever all now in our service. We esteem this one of the most 
 important agencies for service and success. 
 
 In 1S7S, we commenced a new phase of missionary work, 
 seeming to us of special interest and promise, viz., among the Eng- 
 lish speaking people in India, chiefly Eurasians. Calcutta and 
 Cawnpore are our points for this work. This native element, not 
 distinctively heathen, but most antagonistic to Christianity, we 
 think, converted and educated, will prove the best vantage ground 
 we can occupy, the most effective medium we can employ in work- 
 ing for their race. We want to work upon them, specially, that 
 we may through them, train teachers "to the manner born." 
 
 In thus recording our deeds it is scarcely necessary to re- 
 count our discouragements and difficulties. That we have had 
 these, every worker knows right well, and that in any measure 
 we have had grace to conquer, is cause for increased trust and 
 deep thanksgiving. But some memories even in their sadness 
 are precious and full of profit ! God hath set the seal and sanctity 
 and glory of martyrdom upon our work. Some of our bravest 
 and best are not, for God hath taken them ; we dare not ask why; 
 
124 woman's missionary societies. 
 
 we do not knowybr what ; we do know /^ what, — so with bow- 
 ed heads and bated breath we pray that a double portion of their 
 spirit may fall upon those that remain and upon those that must 
 take their places. Lctitia A. Campbell who fell at Peking, Lucilla 
 H. Green (Cheney) who sleeps at Nynee Tal, Susan B. Iliggins 
 whom we have just buried at Yokohama, — we have sent out none 
 more honored and cherished and that gave richer promise. The 
 world, the work, we could illy afford to lose them ; but China and 
 India and Japan have a new conseci'ation, and summon us as by a 
 higher call, because therein lies their sacred dust aad over them 
 hover their redeemed, and, we believe, their still interested spirits. 
 
 Worthy to be added to this hallowed list is the name of 
 Josephine M. Copp of Michigan, who, having fully consecrated 
 herself to this work and having spent years in preparation for the 
 medical department, just on the eve of entering this promised 
 land of her hopes and desires, was taken to the Canaan above. 
 
 The past behind us is as nothing to the future before. His- 
 tory pales before prophecy if we be but fitithful. Memory bears 
 the record of much : hope holds the promise of infinitely more. 
 The graves of what have been are the wombs of what shall be. 
 The land occupied is as nought to the land to be possessed : only 
 be thou stro7ig and very courageous. 
 
 We have a goal — a vision — shall it ever be a fact.'' Every 
 Christian woman with all her energies and efforts and prayers 
 engaged in a cotnbijzcd., concentrated^ consecrated^ continued 
 effort for the salvation of her sisters out of Christ. 
 
 God speed that day ! 
 
 Then shall " Thy kingdom come," and "Thy will be done on 
 earth as it is in heaven." 
 
 *' We count not ourselves to have apprehended ; but this one thing tve do : forget' 
 
 ting tlie things that are behind, and reaeh ing forth to those that are 
 
 before, tve 2^ress towards the marie for the prize of 
 
 tlie high <Mlling of Oodin Christ Jesus," 
 
METHODIST. 12$ 
 
 Woman's Foreign Missionary Society, 1879-83. 
 
 "All's well: we move right on," may truly be s:iid to have 
 been adopted as the motto for our Society's progress. Not without 
 hindrances, discouragem.ents, and difficulties ; not without trials of 
 faith and disappointment of hopes ; but looking upward to Him 
 from whom came our commission, with whom is all power, and 
 looking forward to the fulfilment of the sure word of prophecy, 
 still right omvard. 
 
 In 1S79, work was opened at Nagasaki, Japan, the seat of gov- 
 ernment of the island of Kiusiu, once the stronghold of Jesuitical 
 domination, and since the overthrow of that, specially entrenched 
 in prejudice and bigotry, and specially given to hatred and perse- 
 cution of the Christian faith. There, Dec. 2, Misses Russell and 
 Gheer opened a school with one boarder, which has steadily grown 
 in numbers and influence, and is proving itself the nucleus of a 
 most important work. 
 
 In Tokio, the trial was literally as of fire, and our beautiful 
 building just completed, our grand work just inaugurated, in an 
 hour was prostrated by the flames. But the work, whatever the 
 building was, being neither wood nor hay nor stubble, the workers 
 here and there having an heroic purpose, from the ashes of the old 
 speedily arose that which proclaimed to all the indomitable spirit 
 that inspired and must prevail. This chastening was so endured 
 that afterwards appeared the peaceable fruits of righteousness 
 blessedly and plentifully. During this year, Miss Dr. Bushnell 
 and Miss Delia Howe went to Kiu Kiang, China. 
 
 In 1880, Mrs. Clemens and Miss Goodenough were sent to up- 
 lift the work in Rosario, South America, which the Misses Denning 
 and Chapin were compelled by physical prostration to drop. Miss 
 Woodworth went to Hakodate to take up the standard which Miss 
 
126 woman's missionary societies. 
 
 Priest had so heroically held aloft until her health broke down, and 
 she was compelled to return. 
 
 The North India Mission was re-enforced by the Misses Kelly 
 and Nickerson. Miss Budden, a lady of English birth, having charge 
 of our Home for Friendless Women at Pithoragarh, was also recog- 
 nized as one of our regular missionaries. Misses Yates and Sears 
 were added to the North China Mission. 
 
 Several valuable and permanent contributions to our mission- 
 ary literature were made during this year. The most important of 
 these was by Mrs. J. T. Gracey, who, by request of the Society, 
 prepared a comprehensive history of what is a most significant and 
 interesting feature of our work, its medical missions, and dedicated 
 it to the cause. 
 
 Special and large gifts were also among the interesting features 
 of the year, — that of $5,000 by a friend in Baltimore to erect the 
 Isabella Fisher Hospital at Tientsin, China, where the work had so 
 wonderfully opened under our Dr. Leonora Howard ; $3,000 from 
 Mrs. Bertha Sigler, Iowa, to build the Sigler Memorial School, in 
 response to a great need in Budaon, India; $1,800 from sale of 
 the handiwork of Mrs. Wright, of New York, at a parlor fair, for 
 the erection of the Caroline Wright Hall at Hakodate, Japan, in 
 memory of her daughters ; the gift of a property in Chicago, worth 
 $5,000, for the general work of the Society; and of $1,000 for the 
 same purpose by a lady of Michigan. 
 
 In 1 88 1, Miss Dr. Gilchrist sailed for Kiu Kiang, Miss Hamp- 
 ton for Hakodate, and Mrs. Van Petten for Tokio, Japan ; Misses 
 Thoburn and Blackmar for India, after a brief rest at home, accom- 
 panied by Miss Kerr, to aid Miss Sparkes at Bareilly ; Miss Hoy, 
 to assist Miss Easton at Cawnpore ; Miss Knowles, for English work 
 at Naini Tal ; and Miss Warner, to establish a self-supporting school 
 at Rangoon. The latter, within six months after her arrival, received 
 
METHODIST. 12/ 
 
 from the governor nine building lots, valued at $S,ooo, ^5,000 in 
 cash for a building, and $450 for furniture. 
 
 During the year, the Parent Society entering the extreme west- 
 ern province of China under the direction of Mr. Wheeler, his 
 daughter was appointed missionary by our Society, and specially 
 charged with the work among the women. 
 
 In Africa, the shadow of a great sorrow fell upon us in the 
 death of Miss Michener. The saintliness of her spirit, the utter- 
 ness of her self-abnegation, with the sublimity of her heroism, gave 
 a wondrous beauty to her life and a rare pathos to her death. Who 
 will take up her work so suddenly dropped, as yet we know not ! 
 
 During the year 1882, Miss Dr. Akers was sent to the relief 
 of Miss Dr. Howard, who had so long waited for assistance at 
 Tientsin, China; Miss Benton, to take up the work at Yokohama, 
 which had been carried on by ladies of the Parent Society since the 
 death of Miss Higgins ; and Miss Atkinson to Tokio, Japan. Mrs. 
 Turney went to take charge of the Home at Rosario, South America ; 
 Miss DeVine to Moradabad, India ; Miss Hogaboom to Mexico ; and 
 the Misses Chapin and Denning, having regained health, returned 
 to their work at Rosario. 
 
 Failing health compelled Mrs. Clemens to relinquish her post; 
 not, however, before she had learned enough of the work and its 
 needs, the country and its inhabitants, to enable her to prepare a 
 comprehensive and intensely interesting book, which she very appro- 
 priately called " Rosario." This book has met with rapid and exten- 
 sive sale, the proceeds to be used towards building a missionary 
 home and school at Rosario. 
 
 A summary from the reports, presented at the meeting of the 
 General Executive Committee held at Philadelphia in November, 
 1882, was as follows: Auxiliaries, 3,234; annual members, 79,055 ; 
 life members, 4,108; honorary life managers, 194; honorary life 
 
128 woman's missionary societies. 
 
 patrons, 38 ; in foreign fields, — missionaries, teachers, and assist- 
 ants, — 103 ; Bible-readers, 134; schools, 161; orphans and scholar- 
 ships, 603. 
 
 The Heathen Woman's Friend continues to win favor and an 
 increased number of readers. With the closing month of this year, 
 its subscription list exceeded 21,000. Its financial success has also 
 been a matter of rejoicing, it not only having paid all its own ex- 
 penses from the beginning, but made a net profit of over $5,000. 
 
 During the past four years, a million and a half pages of in- 
 structive and stimulating leaflets have been prepared and circulated. 
 
 The value of real estate owned by our Society in the various 
 mission fields was estimated in 188 1 at $114,936. Since that time 
 it has been largely increased by building and purchase. 
 
 The aggregate amount raised by the Society tince its organiza- 
 tion, as gathered from the monthly reports in the Heathen Womaii's 
 Friend, is $878,615.37. 
 
 A review of the work of our Society would not be complete 
 without noting its achievements, which are beyond any monetary 
 value. What seemed to have had its origin simply in a necessity, 
 and its impetus in an inspiration, is formulating itself in adaptation 
 to varied methods and phases of work. It assumes the evangelistic, 
 educational, or medical form, as the way opens ; it is developing 
 legislative, administrative, and literary ability among those carrying 
 and pressing the work at home; it is creating and circulating a 
 literature, if not of massive volumes, of that which is more perva- 
 sive, popular, and energizing; it is winning the enthusiasm of youth- 
 ful hearts and enlisting the energy of young workers ; it is turning 
 the thoughts of the self-centred and narrow-visioned to broad and 
 distant fields ; it is giving a purpose and dignity to many an aim- 
 less life ; it is gathering together many wasted mites as well as frit- 
 tered moments ; and it is becoming the custodian of treasured 
 
METHODIST. 1 29 
 
 memorial gifts and most sacred legacies. And yet, notwithstanding 
 this hopeful aspect of our work at home, there exists a great and 
 constantly increasing demand for educated, energetic young women 
 for the work abroad. "The harvest truly is great," — of means 
 there is no lack, — but " the laborers are few," so few I 
 
 Is it possible that mothers who are so generous in their bestowal 
 of means to sustain the work, are withholding their daughters to carry 
 it on ? 
 
 The mother of one of our most efficient missionaries, when 
 asked if she could give up her daughter for foreign work, without 
 hesitation, replied, " My daughter , my only daughter, is conse- 
 crated to the Lord ; if He wants her in , and tells her so, I 
 
 shall not withhold her." 
 
 With plenty of mothers like this, the supply of consecrated 
 workers for the foreign field would soon be plenteous ; until then, 
 we fear our Society must continue its cry, " I'ray ye the Lord of the 
 harvest, that He will send forth laborers" 
 
 \ 
 
MISSIONARIES SENT OUT BY THE W. F. M. 
 
 SOCIETY. 
 
 NAMB. 
 
 HOME. 
 
 LEFT. 
 
 WHERE STATIONED. 
 
 BY WHAT BRANCH 
 SLPrORTED. 
 
 Miss Isabella Thoburn 
 
 St. Clairsville, O. 
 
 1S69 
 
 Lucknow, India. . . . 
 
 Cincinnati 
 
 " Clara A Swain, MD... 
 
 Castile, N. Y. 
 
 « 
 
 Bareilly 
 
 
 " Fannie J. Sparkes 
 
 Binghampton, N. Y. 
 
 1S70 
 
 
 New York 
 
 
 Trenton, N. J. 
 Trenton, N.J. 
 
 1871 
 
 
 
 " Sarah Woolston 
 
 
 Nortluvestern 
 
 •• Carrie McMillan* 
 
 Gettysburg, Pa. 
 
 " 
 
 Moradabad, India.. 
 
 New York 
 
 " Mary Q. Porter ftt 
 
 Davenport, Iowa. 
 
 •' 
 
 Peking, China 
 
 Western 
 
 
 
 If 
 
 Peking, China 
 
 Lucknow, India.... 
 
 
 *' Jennie Tinslcv J 
 
 Indianapolis, Ind. 
 
 <• 
 
 Northwestern .... 
 
 " Gertrude Hovve 
 
 Lansing, Mich, 
 Milan, Mich. 
 
 1S72 
 
 Kiu Kiang, China.. 
 
 Northwestern.... 
 
 '* Lucv H. Iloacr II 
 
 
 
 
 West Springfield, Pa. 
 Windsor, N. Y 
 
 " 
 
 Lucknow, India. . . 
 Moradabad, India.. 
 
 
 " L.M. Fult7.ll 
 
 New York 
 
 " L. L. Combs, M.D.§.... 
 
 Cazenovia, N. Y. 
 
 >S73 
 
 Peking, China 
 
 Philadelphia 
 
 " Nancy MoneUe.M.O.TT. 
 
 Poughkeepsie, N.Y. 
 
 
 Gondah, India 
 
 New York 
 
 *' Sarah F. Leming II 
 
 Clermont Co., O. 
 
 " 
 
 Moradabad, India.. 
 
 Cincinnati 
 
 " Susan M. Warner 
 
 New Orleans, La. 
 
 1S74 
 
 Puebla, Mexico 
 
 Cincinnati 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 " Jennie M. Chapin 
 
 " Lou. B. Denning 
 
 Chicopee, Mass. 
 
 <• 
 
 Rosario, S. A 
 
 New England.... 
 
 iNormal, 111. 
 
 <i 
 
 Rosario, S. A 
 
 Northwestern.... 
 
 '• Sigourney Trask, M.D. 
 
 Spring Creek, Pa. 
 
 •< 
 
 Foochow, China 
 
 New York 
 
 " Dora Schoonmaker J||.. 
 
 Morris, 111. 
 
 •< 
 
 Tokio, Japan 
 
 Northwestern .... 
 
 " Letitia Mason, M.D. ||.. 
 
 Normal, 111. 
 
 <« 
 
 Kiu Kiang, China . 
 
 Cincinnati 
 
 " Anna Julia Lore.M.D.** 
 
 Auburn, N. Y. 
 
 <i 
 
 Moradabad, India.. 
 
 New York 
 
 " Letilia A. Campbellff . . 
 
 Cambridge, Mass. 
 
 jS7S 
 
 Peking, China 
 
 New England.... 
 
 " Nettie C. Oiiden II 
 
 Springfield, O. 
 
 1S76 
 
 Mexico City 
 
 Cincinn.-iti 
 
 " Mary F. Carv§§§ 
 
 Fishkill, N. Y. 
 
 " 
 
 Bareilly, India 
 
 Philadelphia 
 
 Mrs. Olive Whitin"- 
 
 J.isper, N. Y. 
 l^ennington, N. J. 
 
 fi 
 
 Tokio, Japan 
 
 Bareilly, India 
 
 
 Miss L. H. Green, 'M.D. tt-. 
 
 • 4 
 
 New EngLond..., 
 
 " Leonora Howaid, M.D. 
 
 Grand Rapids, Mich. 
 
 IS77 
 
 Peking, China 
 
 Northwestern .... 
 
 " Mary F. Swanev 
 
 New Brighton, Pa, 
 
 IS7S 
 
 Mexico City 
 
 Baltimore 
 
 " Julia A. Sparr, M.D 
 
 Ann Arbor, Mich. 
 
 " 
 
 Foochow, China.... 
 
 Northwestern .... 
 
 " Susan B. Higgins***... 
 
 Chelsea, Mass. 
 
 '• 
 
 Yokohama, Japan. . 
 
 New England.... 
 
 " H. B. Woolston, M.D. 1| 
 
 Vincentown, N. J. 
 
 '< 
 
 Moralabad, India.. 
 
 Phil.idelphia 
 
 " S. A. Easton 
 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 " 
 
 Cawnpore, India.... 
 
 Self-supporting. . . 
 
 " Matilda A. Spencer.... 
 
 Germantown. Pa. 
 
 «' 
 
 Tokio, Japan 
 
 Tokio, Japan 
 
 Philadelphia 
 
 " M. A. Holbiook 
 
 Baltimore, Md. 
 
 " 
 
 Cincinnati 
 
 " Eugenia Gibson II 
 
 Albany, N. Y. 
 
 •' 
 
 Lucknow, India.... 
 
 New York 
 
 
 
 II 
 
 Calcutta, India 
 
 Hakodati, Japan.... 
 Citv of ftlexico 
 
 Self-supporting. . . 
 
 " M. A. Priest II 
 
 
 „ 
 
 " Clara Mulliner ... 
 
 Camden, N. J. 
 
 <l 
 
 
 " Clara M. Cushman 
 
 Fisherville, N. H. 
 
 << 
 
 Peking, China 
 
 New England.... 
 
 " Elizabeth Russell 
 
 Keyser, W. Virginia. 
 
 IS79 
 
 Nagasaki, Japan.... 
 
 Cincinnati 
 
 " Jennie M. Gheer 
 
 Altoona, Pa. 
 
 
 Nagasaki, Japan.... 
 
 New York 
 
 " Kate C. B.ishnell, M.D.|| 
 
 Evanston, 111. 
 
 •• 
 
 Kiu Kiang, China.. 
 
 Northwestern .... 
 
 ■' Delia ITowe || 
 
 
 11 
 
 Kiu Kiang, China.. 
 Rosario, S. A- 
 
 Philadelphia 
 
 Northwestern ... 
 
 Mrs. E. J. Clemensll 
 
 Metropolis, 111. 
 
 1880 
 
 * Mrs. Rev. P. M. Buck. f Mrs. Rev. G. R. Davis. 
 
 IJ Returned on account of ill-health. 
 
 f Mrs. Rev. J. Strittmatter. IT Mrs. Rev. Henry Mansell. 
 
 tt Died May iS, 1S7S. JJ Died Sept. 30, 1878. 
 
 ttt Mrs. F. D. Gamewell. JJJ Mrs. Soper. 
 
 X Mrs. Rev. J. W. Waugh. 
 
 •* Mrs. Rev. G. II. McGrew. 
 •** Died July 3, 1S79. 
 §§§ Mrs. F. G. Davis. 
 
MISSIONARIES SENT OUT BY THE W. F. M. SOCIETY. 
 
 NAMB. 
 
 HOME. 
 
 LEFT. 
 
 WHERE STATIONED. 
 
 BV WHAT BRANCH 
 SUPPORTED. 
 
 Miss Emma Michener • 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Flint, Mich. 
 Burlington, Vt. 
 Bucyrus, O. 
 Round Pond, Me. 
 Clyde, O. 
 New Albany, Ind. 
 Baltimore, Md. 
 Fon du Lac, Wis. 
 Chicago, 111. 
 Grand Rapids, Mich. 
 La Prairie, 111. 
 Berea, 0. 
 
 Ann Arbor, Mich. 
 Lebanon, O. 
 Bath, Me. 
 Cazenovia, N. Y. 
 Norwich, Conn. 
 
 , Mich. 
 
 Marietta, O. 
 Bradford, Pa. 
 
 1880 
 
 iS8r 
 1882 
 
 Monrovia, Liberia. . . 
 
 Mexico City 
 
 Rosario, S. A 
 
 Hakodati, Japan .... 
 
 Peking, China 
 
 Peking, China 
 
 Lucknow, India 
 
 .Allahabad, India .... 
 Moradabad, India . . . 
 
 Philadelphia 
 
 Philadelphia 
 
 New England... . 
 Philadelphia 
 
 " Julia E. Goodenough .... 
 *' Kate Woodworth 
 
 «' Elizabeth U. Yates 
 
 " Florence E. Nickerson... 
 
 " Mattie B. Spencet 
 
 " Luella Kellv 
 
 New England 
 
 Cincinnati 
 
 Self-supporting . . 
 
 
 
 " Ella Gilchrist, M, D.t ... 
 
 Kiu Kiang, China... 
 Hakodate, Japan... . 
 
 Tokio, Japan 
 
 Rangoon, Burmah .. 
 Naini Tal, India .... 
 
 Bareilly, Indi.i 
 
 Cawnpore, India.... 
 
 Tientsin, China 
 
 Tokio, Japan 
 
 Yokohama , Japan . . . 
 
 Rosario, S. A 
 
 Moradabad, India.. . 
 Mexico, Mexico 
 
 
 " Minnie Hampton 
 
 Mrs. Carrie Van Petten 
 
 Miss Ellen H. Warner 
 
 " Emma L. Knowles 
 
 New York 
 
 Northwestern. . . . 
 Self-supporting . . 
 
 New.England 
 
 Philadelphi.i 
 
 Self-supporting .. 
 New England.... 
 
 New York 
 
 New England. . . . 
 
 " Ellen I. Hoy 
 
 •« L. E, Akers, M, D 
 
 " Annie P, Atkinson 
 
 " Emma J. Benton 
 
 
 
 " Marion Hogaboom 
 
 Pliiladelphia 
 
 • Died Dec. 10, 1881. 
 
 t Mrs. 
 
 t Returned on account of ill health. 
 
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WOMAN'S MISSIONARY SOCIETY 
 
 PACIFIC COAST (METHODIST EPISCOPAL). 
 
 The Chinese women on the Pacific Coast are, most of them, 
 brought here to fill houses of prostitution, or to be secondary wives 
 to the Chinese who are able to support them. Many of them are 
 sold by their parents or relatives when quite young, as servants, 
 and at a certain age are sold to live lives of a living death. Some, 
 while little children, are kidnapped by men who roam about the 
 country and make their living by stealing and selling children. 
 
 It is obvious that many of these women who find themselves 
 strangers in this country are unwilling slaves in the worst kind of 
 servitude. One can scarcely imagine a more hopeless life than that 
 led by these poor creatures. Living where they cannot speak the 
 language of the people, and fearing to make their troubles known 
 to their own countrymen, was it at all strange that among the items in 
 the morning papers one would often read that the night previous a 
 Chinese women committed suicide? Some of the ladies of San 
 Francisco, reading such paragraphs, began to think of the condition 
 of these poor women, and to wonder if they could help them to a 
 better life. They seemed entirely out of reach. With the barrier 
 of an unknown language between them, they were widely separated 
 from Christian women. 
 
 But something must be done. Hence the " Woman's Mission- 
 ary Society of the Pacific Coast" was organized in August, 1870, the 
 136 
 
METHODIST EPISCOPAL I37 
 
 object being, as stated in their Constitution, to '*• eLvaic and save 
 heathen women on these shores." It wished to become a branch 
 of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society ; for if that Society ever 
 had legitimate work to do, it is here among the idolatrous heathen 
 women at our very doors. But the innocent-looking woxd foreign in 
 their Constitution prevented them from receiving it as a branch. 
 It then turned to the Parent Missionary Society at New York, asking 
 that the IMissionary Board would recognize its work, and appropriate 
 funds with which it could be carried on more successfully. In this 
 direction they met with more encouragement. The Missionary Board 
 has every year made appropriations for our work, and the Woman's 
 Missionary Society has remitted to them such funds as it has been 
 able to raise. 
 
 The ladies were organized for work, but how were they to reach 
 the women whom they wished to aid? They need not scatter 
 notices among them, as they could not read, and the men would 
 not tell the helpless women of a place of refuge. The officers of 
 the Society let it be known at the police station that they had rooms 
 fitted up as an asylum for any who might wish to escape from their 
 life of bondage. Still no one came. 
 
 We opened a day school in the Mission House, hoping the 
 young girls would come for instruction. We visited them in their 
 houses ; but after the novelty of going to school wore off, the teacher 
 had to go and fetch them each day to insure the attendance of the 
 two or three girls who came. After ten months it was thought ad- 
 visable to close the school. 
 
 Our furnished rooms waited a year and three months before any 
 one came to occupy them. Then a woman, eighteen years of age, 
 who had wearied of her sad life, with despair in her heart, went to 
 the bay and cast herself into its waters to blot out life and sorrow 
 at once. She was rescued and taken by the police to the waiting 
 
138 woman's missionary societies. 
 
 rooms. In about eighteen months from that time she was baptized, 
 and soon after married to a Chinese man, a member of the Congrega- 
 tional church. She lived a consistent Christian life ; and, about 
 seven years after her rescue, she died in the faith of Christ, — the 
 first fruits of our seed-sowing garnered safe in heaven, Slowly, 
 one by one, they came, claiming care and protection. 
 
 In January, 1873, we opened a boarding school, with three 
 scholars. The school steadily increased, until for some years we 
 have had all our rooms could accommodate, the number varying 
 from twenty-four to thirty. At first these women were received into 
 the school for a longer or shorter time as they might choose. But 
 we were finally led to adopt the present rule, by which none are 
 received for less than a year, during which time we try to teach them 
 something of the religion of Christ, which is our first and chief aim. 
 Then, unless they wish to return to China, we keep them until they 
 are married. 
 
 The man who marries one of these women pays her board for 
 a year, at the rate of $5.00 a month. Of these who have married 
 heathen men and yet have not forgotten the teaching of the gospel 
 they heard in the Mission House, we had a notable example in the 
 case of Chy Hay, who after being in the school a year, married and 
 moved to Sacramento. For four years we lost all trace of her, but 
 our Bible-reader was in Sacramento a year and a half ago, and by 
 dint of great perseverance found her. She had kept secluded from 
 fear of her old master. But she had not forgotten all that she had 
 learned in the Mission school. She eagerly sought instruction, was 
 baptized, and lived a Christian life, suffering persecution and neglect 
 at the hands of her heathen husband, and in June, 1882, died a 
 Christian's death, and received a Christian burial. It is gratifying 
 to know that seed sown so long ago and seemingly lost, sprang up 
 and bore fruit to the glory of God. 
 
METHODIST EPISCOPAL. 1 39 
 
 We have another class of scholars in the school from which we 
 expect greater results. I refer to the little slave girls, whose servi- 
 tude and beatings under hard taskmasters become unendurable, and 
 who flee to the school for protection. Their ages vary from eight 
 to fifteen years. We obtain the legal guardianship of these young 
 girls and keep them until they are of age, when they marry Christian 
 men. Of these Christian families there have been thirteen. 
 
 Ten writs of Habeas Corpus have been served upon us by their 
 masters to recover the girls, but they have been returned to the 
 keeping of our Society. All the older girls clothe themselves by 
 proceeds of work done out of school hours. A few of the girls are 
 supported by ladies who pay $60 a year. 
 
 They are taught English five hours daily. Some of the older 
 girls study history, geography, arithmetic, etc. They read the 
 Scriptures in Chinese a half-hour every morning, receiving instruc- 
 tion from a Chinese teacher. Tuesday afternoon a prayer-meeting, 
 led by the teacher, Mrs. Walker, is held, in which all the girls take 
 part. Wednesday evening we have an hour of praise service in 
 connection with the boys' school. Sunday morning, at half past 
 ten o'clock, the girls have a prayer-meeting, led by one of their own 
 number. Sunday preaching, at half past twelve o'clock. Sunday 
 school at half past one o'clock, and a mixed Sunday school at six 
 o'clock in the evening. There are generally about forty women and 
 girls in the Sunday congregation. One of their number, formerly 
 in the school, is employed as Bible-reader, and visits twice a week 
 from house to house, among the former inmates of the mission, 
 reading the Scriptures and praying with them. At our last quarterly 
 meeting one of these women was baptized and united with the 
 church. 
 
 A weekly prayer-meeting is held every Thursday in the house 
 of One of the women. During the last ten years thirty-four women 
 
140 WOMAN S MISSIONARY SOCIETIES. 
 
 and girls have been baptized and united with the church, three 
 have been expelled for returning to idolatry, and five have died 
 Christians. One hundred and forty women have spent a longer or 
 shorter time in the Mission. 
 
 A remarkable case, illustrating the power of God to enlighten 
 the heart, occurred a short time ago. In the month of May, three 
 young girls were brought to the Mission. The eldest of these, 
 about eighteen or nineteen years of age, was very ill, and fainted 
 twice in going three blocks, so that the police officer was obliged 
 to nearly carry her. She seemed so grateful for rest from abuse, 
 and the kind care she received from the Christian girls, that she 
 was ready to listen to the story of "Jesus and his love." Her 
 disease was consumption. After a few weeks the time came when 
 she said to her teacher, " I am dying, stay with me." She could 
 neither speak nor understand English, but the girls pointed her to 
 the Lamb of God which taketh away the sins of the world. She 
 said that she believed in Jesus, that she would trust him. Then, 
 after a while, she said, " Oh, I am afraid that I cannot find the 
 way ! " One of the girls prayed with her, and again told her, as well 
 as she was able, how to trust in Jesus for the forgiveness of sins. 
 She lay quietly for a little time, then said, " I am afraid the door 
 of Heaven will be shut, it will not open for me, I cannot see the 
 way ! Who will lead me ? " Prayer was offered for her from many 
 hearts, but we could give instruction only through an interpreter. 
 At length, after remaining with closed eyes for some time, her face 
 lighted up with joy and she exclaimed, " 1 see the way, the door of 
 heaven is open, it is all beautiful there, oh, how beautiful ! " and 
 almost instantly ceased to breathe. Who will say that the Holy 
 Spirit did not enlighten the darkened mind of that poor, unbaptized 
 Chinese girl, and lead her heart to understand that Jesus is " the way, 
 the truth, and the life " ? 
 
METHODIST EPISCOPAL. I4I 
 
 The experience and happy death of this poor girl has encour- 
 aged and strengthened the faith of the Christian girls, and we trust 
 will enable them to work with renewed vigor for the salvation of 
 their heathen friends. Thank God that the religion of Jesus can 
 elevate the degraded, save the fallen, and enlighten even the dark 
 minds of idolaters. 
 
 With gratitude to our Heavenly Father we record the kir.d 
 watch-care and love which have been vouchsafed to our Society and 
 its interests, and trust that we may not weary in well-doing, knowing 
 that in due season we shall reap if we faint not. 
 
 Mrs. Otis Gibson. 
 
WOMAN'S MISSIONARY SOCIETY 
 
 METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH SOUTH, 1878-83. 
 
 Prior to the last decade, Woman's Foreign Missionary Societies 
 had no existence in the M. E. Church South. To the elect ladies 
 of Baltimore, Md., belong the honor of leading in this glorious work. 
 Mrs. Juliana Hayes, President of the first Society, writes thus : — 
 
 "Trinity Church, Baltimore, is the honored spot where the Womart's Mis- 
 sionary Society in the M. E. Church South was organized. For several years 
 this Society, called first the ' Trinity Home Mission,' subsequently ' Woman's 
 Bible Mission,' was strictly domestic in its work. In 1S72 the foreign work was 
 embraced in its operations and an effort made to form connectional societies." 
 
 In November, 1873, a similar Society, the second in the South, 
 was organized in Nashville, Tenn., by Mrs. M. L. Kelley, who may 
 justly be termed the mother of Foreign Missions in the M. E. 
 Church South, and as bright a missionary spirit as the nineteenth 
 century has produced. She joyously gave her only son and child 
 to go as a missionary to China, nearly thirty years ago, when the 
 subject of Foreign Missions was little known or discussed in South- 
 ern churches. This saintly woman not only worked for the China 
 mission many years of her long and useful life, but infused her zeal 
 into all that came within the circle of her hallowed influence. 
 
 She trained and Christianized, in her own home, two native 
 142 
 
METHODIST EPISCOPAL. I43 
 
 Chinese youths, one of whom is to-day a most efficient pastor in his 
 own land. She was instrumental in educating a Chinese girl, now 
 a Christian matron living far in the interior ; and though removed 
 from all contact with missionaries, when visited by them not long 
 since, she was living up to the true doctrine, had a neat cleanly 
 home, and a bright happy family about her. 
 
 Mrs. Kelly brought up from tender years around her own fire- 
 side two children of a veteran missionary ; and the last and crown- 
 ing act of her life was to give her eldest granddaughter in marriage 
 to Dr. W. R. Lambuth, a medical missionary of the M. E. Church 
 South in China. Her parting words to this beloved granddaugh- 
 ter were, " Hold out to the last for Jesus." In less than one 
 month, she ascended to heaven, before she saw the little Society, 
 planted by her in strong faith, prayers, and tears, become a 
 thousand. 
 
 ORGANIZATION. 
 
 The Woman's Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal 
 Church South was organized May, 1878, at Atlanta, Ga. The 
 hour of the women of this church had come : right gladly did they 
 hail the long-desired golden opportunity to enter the rich fields 
 white unto harvest, and work under the sanction and approval of 
 the highest executive body of the church. The Constitution given 
 by the General Conference required that " the operations of this 
 Society should be conducted in connection with the Board of Mis- 
 sions and subject to its advice and approval." To begin work, 
 efforts were immediately made to systematize the plan of operations. 
 The work was divided into three departments, each bearing a close 
 relation to the other. The General Executive Association to be 
 composed of its officers and delegates from the Conference Socie- 
 ties, to have the supervision of the whole, and to be the source of 
 all methods and plans. Conference Societies to embrace the terri- 
 
144 WOMAN S MISSIONARY SOCIETIES. 
 
 tory in each Annual Conference, and to have charge of all the 
 operations in such bounds. Auxiliaries to be found in every church, 
 representatives from these to form the Conference Societies. 
 
 INCORPORATION. 
 
 In February, 1879, the Woman's Missionary Society was regu- 
 larly incorporated by the authorities of the State of Tennessee. 
 
 The first annual meeting of the General Executive Association 
 was held in Louisville, Ky., May, 1879, at which twenty-four dele- 
 gates were present representing twelve Conference Societies. The 
 receipts for the year amounted to $4,471.69. 
 
 A girls' boarding school in Shanghai, China, under the care of 
 the Parent Board of Missions, but chiefly supported by special contri- 
 butions, was turned over to the Woman's Society. Miss Lochie 
 Rankin was sent to China, October, 1878. Great enthusiasm was 
 manifested at this meeting, and all hearts were spiritually refreshed 
 and encouraged to press forward in the work of redeeming from 
 heathen darkness the promised inheritance of the King of Glory. 
 
 The following autumn, Miss Dora Rankin joined her sister at 
 Shanghai. A girls' boarding school had been projected, and the 
 buildings put up at Neziang, a flourishing inland town. The 
 Misses Rankin were sent there, and a fine work has been estab- 
 lished under their supervision. 
 
 PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 The need of a medium for circulating missionary information 
 among the Societies became so apparent, and the call so very 
 urgent, that, at the annual meeting of the General Executive Asso- 
 ciation held in Nashville, Tenn., May, 1880, it was determined to 
 publish a monthly paper to be called the Woman's Missionary Advo- 
 cate. All felt that the funds of the Society must remain intact, 
 
METHODIST EPISCOPAL. I45 
 
 except for direct missionary effort. After much prayer, careful 
 thought, and counting the cost, it was resolved to start this paper 
 on no financial basis save faith in God and our women. Mrs. F. A. 
 Butler was elected editor, and the Southern Methodist Publishing 
 House kindly offered to take the subscription list for security until 
 the funds were received. In one month the first number was issued, 
 — a neat sixteen-page paper ; and it has taken its place among the 
 missionary periodicals of the churches. It has completed its second 
 year, has 8,500 subscribers, paid its expenses, and put over $1,500 
 in the treasury. Three hundred and forty-nine thousand eight 
 hundred and seventy-two pages of missionary reading, in the form 
 of leaflets, tracts, and cards, have been issued and distributed. 
 Five hundred copies of a Manual for Missionary Candidates have 
 been printed and stereotyped. Fifteen thousand Annual Reports, 
 including minutes of meetings of the General Executive Associa- 
 tion, have been published and sent out, resulting in large accessions 
 to the work, also many slips of constitutions for adults and juvenile 
 societies, blanks, etc., for organizing. 
 
 RESULTS. 
 
 The Woman's Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal 
 Church South has just completed its first quadrienium. Each 
 year records steady growth and more vigor, and an interest that 
 evinces no abatement. 
 
 The following missions fields have been entered by the Society: 
 China, Brazil, Mexican Border, Central Mexico, and Indian Mission. 
 Twelve missionaries are in the employ of the Woman's Missionary 
 Society. Three boarding schools for girls have been established, 
 ten day schools in operation, and six Bible- women supported. 
 
 Women's medical work has not been overlooked. Miss Mil- 
 dred Philips was accepted in 1880, and is now entering upon the 
 
146 woman's missionary societies. 
 
 third year of her course in the Woman's Medical College of Penn- 
 sylvania at Philadelphia. Grounds have been purchased for hos- 
 pital and dispensary purposes, and buildings will be erected and 
 ready for her use. 
 
 In the home work, thirty-one Conference Societies have been 
 organized, 1,112 Auxiliaries, and 26,556 members enrolled. 
 
 The pastoral address delivered by the bishops at the recent 
 General Conference held in Nashville, May, 1882, contains the 
 following, under the head of " Missions " : "A new chapter is writ- 
 ten in this connection. That timely auxiliary, the Woman's Mis- 
 sionary Society, correlated by the General Conference four years 
 ago, has done well and justifies the recognition then made. So far 
 as results have appeared, its affairs have been managed efficiently, 
 economically, and judiciously. The management has adhered to 
 the line of collection and disbursement prescribed by the law ; and, 
 instead of lessening the amount flowing by ordinary channels into 
 the treasury of the Missionary Board, it is our opinion that the 
 money reported by the Woman's Society is a clear gain. By their 
 excellent monthly paper, useful information has been circulated, and 
 by their personal efforts, the zeal for missions has been generally 
 quickened." 
 
 A new Constitution was given the Society at the last General 
 Conference, stating more definitely the object and methods of work, 
 including the education of children, both male and female, in its 
 provisions, and changing the name, " General Executive Associa- 
 tion," to "Woman's Board of Missions of Methodist Episcopal 
 Church South." 
 
 It has been well said, that, in sketches of mission work, and in 
 missionary addresses and reports, appeals and prophecy are giving 
 way to facts and figures. We hail this as an auspicious sign of 
 the fulfilment of those grand prophecies flashing forth with start' 
 
METHODIST EPISCOPAL. 147 
 
 ling light from every volume of the Book of God. Isaiah wrote with 
 inspired pen, " Unto Me every knee shall bow, every tongue shall 
 swear"; and David rejoicing, says, "All the ends of the world 
 shall remember and turn unto the Lord, and all the kindred of the 
 nations shall worship before Thee." 
 
 WORK IN THE SEVERAL FOREIGN FIELDS. 
 China. 
 
 Neziang. — Boarding school accommodating fifty girls, in 
 charge of the Misses Rankin. Here is located " Louise Home " 
 for resident missionaries, donated by Miss Wilkins of Baltimore. 
 Day schools, two. 
 
 Shanghai. — Clopton Boarding School, accommodating thirty 
 pupils, Mrs. M. J. Lambuth and Miss Nora Lambuth in charge. 
 Missionary residence on same compound. Day schools, six ; Bible- 
 women, five. Miss Anna Muse went out in October, 1882. 
 
 Su Chow. — Boarding school, accommodating thirty pupils, 
 Mrs. A. P. Parker in charge. Premises for hospital, Bible 
 Woman's Institute, and missionary residence on same compound. 
 Day schools, three. 
 
 Brazil. 
 
 Pracicabo. — Boarding school, accommodating twenty-five pupils, 
 Miss Watts in charge. 
 
 Rio de Janeiro. — Orphanage projected ; not yet opened. 
 
 Mexican Border. 
 
 Laredo. — Boarding school accommodating thirty pupils, Miss 
 Anne Williams and Mrs. Burford in charge. Miss Rebecca Toland 
 teaching day school in same place. 
 
148 woman's missionary societies. 
 
 Central Mexico, 
 Miss Blanche Gilbert went out in December, 1882. 
 
 Indian Mission. 
 Supporting teachers in Seminole Academy. 
 
 SUMMARY OF HOME WORK. 
 
 Number of societies ...... 1,189 
 
 Members 30,785 
 
 Money raised from 1879 to January, 1883 . . $83,636.69 
 
 SUMMARY OF FOREIGN WORK. 
 
 Missionaries and assistants . . . . . .12 
 
 Boarding schools ........ 5 
 
 Day schools ........ 10 
 
 Bible-women ......... 6 
 
 Mrs. D. H. McGavock. 
 
 BOARD OF OFFICERS. 
 
 President. — Mrs. Juliana Hayes, Baltimore, Md. 
 Cotrespondin); Secretary. — Mrs. D. H. McOavock, Nashville, Tenn. 
 1 remurer. — Mrs. James Whitworth, Nasliville, Tenn. 
 Recording Secretary. — Miss Maria L. Gibson, Louisvlle, Ky. 
 
Missionaries Employed by the Woman's Missionary Society, 
 M. E. Church South. 
 
 Name. 
 
 Appointed. 
 
 Residence. 
 
 Mission Stations. 
 
 
 1878 
 1879 
 1881 
 1881 
 1881 
 1881 
 18S2 
 1882 
 1882 
 1882 
 1882 
 1882 
 
 Milan, Tenn. 
 
 Louisville, Ky. 
 
 Georgetown, Texas. 
 Chapel Hill, 
 DeanviUe, " 
 Atlanta, Ga. 
 Winchester, Va. 
 
 _ Miss. 
 
 Shanghai, China. 
 
 Neziang, China. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 <( 11 
 
 
 Shanghai, China. 
 Mexico City, Mexico, 
 Sh.inghai, China. 
 
 " Blanche' Gilbert 
 
 Mrs. J. W. Lambuth 
 
 
 Mrs A P Parker t 
 
 
 
 
 •Assistant Teacher. t Helper. t Not supported by the Woman's Missionary Society. 
 
 Eeceipts and Disbursements. 
 
 May, 1878, to May, T879 
 
 " 1879, " 18S0 
 
 " 1880, " 1881 
 
 " 1881, " 1882 
 
 " 1882, to Jan., 1883 
 
 Balance in Treasury 
 
 Receipts. 
 
 94,014 27 
 13.775 97 
 19,362 10 
 25,609 44 
 20,874 91 
 
 $83,636 69 
 
 Disbursements. 
 
 Si, 3 23 30 
 7,886 34 
 10,156 63 
 29,794 08 
 26,010 83 
 
 $75,171 21 
 
 $8,465 48 
 
 149 
 
LADIES' AUXILIARY 
 
 WESLEYAN METHODIST MISSIONARY SOCIETY, 
 ENGLAND. 
 
 This Society was formed in 1859. The committee consisted of 
 twenty-five ladies all of London, or the suburbs, nine of whom are 
 still amongst its members, and of the following officers : — 
 
 Treasurer- — Mrs. Farmer. I Home Secretary. — Miss Farmer. 
 
 Foreign Secretary ,— Mrs, Hoole. | Minute Secretary. — Miss S. M. Wood. 
 
 The Society being an auxiliary, its object is not only to initiate 
 work, but to consolidate work already begun by the missionaries of 
 the General Wesleyan Missionary Society or their wives. Its sphere 
 of action is confined to women and children. When boarding 
 schools can be successfully established in foreign stations, it sends 
 out a trained and qualified agent to superintend the school and the 
 native assistant teachers employed. Where only day schools are 
 required, the Society pays the whole or part of the expenses, the 
 remainder being discharged by government grants, fees, or local 
 subscriptions. Aid is also sent to the schools, in boxes of prizes, 
 for distribution among the children. 
 
 The Society affords help to orphans in boarding schools in 
 Ceylon, and also in the famine orphanages in India, where hun- 
 dreds of children still remain dependent, although their number is 
 yearly diminishing. 
 
WESLEYAN METHODIST. 
 
 151 
 
 Another important sphere of action is the visitation of zenanas, 
 numbers of which have lately been opened to educational influence, 
 even though Scripture teaching is included. For this work, native 
 as well as English agents are employed. 
 
 It is also part of our work to cheer the hearts of our mission- 
 aries' wives by sending out boxes of clothing, — warm garments 
 for the frozen natives of Hudson's Bay, and lighter clothing for 
 tropical climates. These noble women, all of them unpaid, are 
 often most zealous and effective workers in our mission schools ; and 
 there are numerous ways in which a ladies' committee can sustain 
 and help them by practical sympathy and help. 
 
 The funds of our Society have risen gradually from £2>^9 i^-^- 
 2^. in 1859, to ;^2,345 ys. gd. in 1881. 
 
 We have at present eleven English and seven native agents at 
 work in South Africa, Ceylon, and India. We assist or support 
 schools as follows : — 
 
 Italy 2 
 
 South Ceylon 8 
 
 North '" 31 
 
 South Africa 3 
 
 Spain 2 
 
 Madras, India 14 
 
 Lucknow, " 3 
 
 Mysore, " 23 
 
 There are also seventy orphans supported, who have been 
 adopted by their English patrons, and bear names chosen by them, 
 and receive from them kindly encouragement. 
 
 During the last year fifty-two boxes of goods have been sent 
 out to our mission stations, being contributions from friends and 
 from twenty-nine working parties in different parts of the country. 
 
 We have also lately adopted the American plan of gathering 
 our children into " busy bees," where they work at making prizes 
 for our schools, and orphans have been adopted by them. Four- 
 teen bees have already been formed, and others are in progress of 
 formation. 
 
152 WOMAN S MISSIONARY SOCIETIES. 
 
 Reviewing our past work, we have much cause for thankfulness 
 in the knowledge that many dear children have been gathered, as 
 lambs, into Christ's fold, and have died rejoicing in His love, and 
 that many more have grown up to show to their parents and hus- 
 bands how much happiness a well-trained Christian woman can 
 bring into a home. In this respect our very success brings us em- 
 barrassment. In India, the tide of public opinion, formerly so 
 strongly set against educating girls, is now rapidly turning. The 
 natives demand and will have education ; and, if we do not supply it, 
 they will supply it for themselves : they will open schools where the 
 Bible is a forbidden book, and where the old heathen superstitions 
 are in full force. The zenanas, too, formerly so jealously guarded 
 against the intrusion of strangers, have now their doors flung open 
 to our agents in many places ; and we only regret that we are unable 
 to keep pace with the demand for instruction. It has led us to 
 strenuous exertion this year for the extension of our Society's 
 branches ; and those efforts have, by the Divine blessing, been fairly 
 successful. 
 
 Our present committee consists of thirty acting and ten honorary 
 members. Our staff of officers is, — 
 
 Treasurer. — Mrs. P. Bramer Hall. I Cash Secretary. — Mrs. Lidgett. 
 
 Agents Secretary. — Mrs. H. J. Atkinson. | Foreign Secretary. — Mrs. Wiseman. 
 Minute and Home Secretary. — Mrs. Everett Green. 
 
 All communications to be addressed to the Wesleyan Mission 
 House, Bishopgate Street Within, London, England. 
 
 Mrs. Everett Green. 
 June 4, 1882. 
 

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 153 
 
WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSIONARY SOCIETY 
 
 METHODIST PROTESTANT CHURCH. 
 
 The women of the Methodist Protestant churches of Pittsburg 
 and vicinity were invited to meet in the First Church, Pittsburg, on 
 Feb. 14, 1879, to consider the propriety of organizing a Woman's 
 Foreign Missionary Society, that would unite the women of the 
 church. North, South, East, and West, for the purpose of carr}'ing 
 out the foreign-mission work more effectively than was being done 
 by separate organizations. Heretofore the money raised by local 
 societies had been sent to the foreign field through other boards, 
 the Woman's Union Missionary Society of New York having dis- 
 bursed the larger part of our funds for about ten years. Our church 
 Board of Missions had also used this Society as the channel for the 
 disbursement of its funds, and at this time was supporting a number 
 of girls in the Union Home at Yokohama, Japan. 
 
 In the winter of 1879, Miss Lizzie M. Guthrie, one of the mis- 
 sionaries of this Society, was home for rest ; and while attending a 
 meeting of the Woman's Christian Association in Pittsburg, was 
 introduced to one of our members, Mrs. N. B. O'Neil, and to her 
 she reported the good work that was being done by our church in 
 the educating of these girls. 
 
 These words of encouragement were an inspiration to Mrs. 
 O'Neil, and prompted the call for a meeting to interest the women 
 of the whole church more largely ; and, as the result of that call, 
 the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society was organized, Miss 
 
METHODIST PROTESTANT. I55 
 
 Guthrie being present, and adding to the interest of the occasion by 
 telhng what women's societies were doing for female education in 
 Japan, and stimulating us to take part in the same work. A con- 
 stitution was adopted, and we entered upon the work of organizing 
 auxiliary societies. The following year the constitution was revised, 
 and so framed as to better systematize the work of the whole denom- 
 ination. The country was districted into branches, each branch 
 embracing all the auxiliary societies within the limits of its respec- 
 tive conferences. It was the purpose to form an auxiliary in every 
 church. The administration of the affairs of the whole Society is 
 vested in a General Executive Board, representing all the branches, 
 and meeting annually, the whole plan of organization being in har- 
 mony with the government of the church. 
 
 The approval of the General Conference was given at its ses- 
 sion held in Pittsburg, in May, 1880, and the Society was acknowl- 
 edged as one of the permanent agencies of the church. 
 
 During our first year Miss Guthrie met frequently with the 
 Society, encouraging with her suggestions and aiding in organizing 
 auxiliaries. Her health having improved, she expressed her willing- 
 ness to go to Japan and establish the work of our Society ; but with 
 only $300 in the treasury, and our faith somewhat weak, we shrank 
 from the undertaking; but after much deliberation the matter was 
 presented to the Church Board of Missions, and their help requested. 
 Satisfactory arrangements were made between that Board and our 
 Society for the support of Miss Guthrie, and soon she was on her 
 way to the place chosen for her future labors in Japan. 
 
 '* Man proposes but God disposes." While waiting on our 
 western shores for the vessel which was to bear her through the 
 "Golden Gate of the Pacific," the summons came from the Spirit- 
 land, and the pale boatman bore her across the waters to the 
 golden gate of the Celestial City. 
 
156 woman's missionary societies. 
 
 This dispensation of Providence fell upon us like a pall ; but, 
 although God buries his workmen, He still carries on his work, and in 
 response to our prayers there came an answer in the person of Miss 
 H. G. Brittan, a true and tried missionary of twenty years' service, 
 who with heart all aglow with love for the cause to which her life is 
 devoted, said, " Here am I, send me ; " and again the fond farewells 
 were said, and our second missionary departed, with earnest prayers 
 that her life might be spared for many years of usefulness. The 
 following year Miss Anna McCully went out to assist Miss Brittan, 
 who had established a school in Yokohama, and was meeting with 
 much success. The school numbers about fifty pupils, but want of 
 room prevents further increase. 
 
 Our Society, while not auxiliary to the Church Board of Mis- 
 sions, is co-operating with that Board, and assisting to establish the 
 work they have already commenced. The Society was incorporated 
 in 1881. We are raising a building fund for the purchase of prop- 
 erty suitable for our work. We have now about $2,000 for this 
 purpose. At present an annual rent of $720 is being paid for the 
 property occupied as a home. Besides assisting in the furnishing 
 of the Home, we pay the salaries of the missionaries, which amount 
 to $1,100 a year. We have eight branch societies, eighty auxiliaries, 
 seven mission bands, and have raised about $7,000. 
 
 Our next work is to send two ladies to Japan, to learn the 
 language and otherwise prepare themselves for the duty of mission- 
 aries. At no distant day we expect to have a publication of our 
 own, but at present we occupy a few columns of one of our official 
 church organs. 
 
 Our young Society is hopeful of the future. The history of its 
 achievements in heathen lands is yet unwritten, but with faith and 
 courage we are entering the " open door ; " and, in obeying the com- 
 mand of our blessed Master, we look for his blessing on our work. 
 
 January, i88j. Mrs. M. A. Miller, Cor. Sec. 
 
LADIES' BOARD OF MISSIONS, PRESBYTE- 
 RIAN CHURCH, NEW YORK. 
 
 In the Spring of 1868, a little band of Christian women, 
 moved by the spiritual destitution of the western portion of our 
 country, organized a Missionary Society, called " The New Mex- 
 ico, Arizona and Colorado Missionary Association," whose object 
 was to send the Gospel into our distant territories. For nearly 
 three years this society labored among our own people, the Mexi- 
 cans and the Indians, raising $3,139.50, and supporting mission- 
 aries, teachers, and Bible-readers, and in many other ways assist- 
 ing to send the means of grace to our western territories. 
 
 The results of this little Society were most encouraging, but 
 when the reunion of the Presbyterian church called forth special 
 thank-offerings and renewed efforts, it seemed that the time had 
 come when the New Mexico Association should be extended, 
 both in its sphere of action and in its organization at home. Ac- 
 cordingly, in April, 1870, the Board of Managers passed a vote 
 that the Society should be enlarged so as to meet this new de- 
 mand for interest in our own church, and should combine For- 
 eign Missions with the Home work, which had been the impulse 
 of the first movement. The name of" The Ladies' Board of Mis- 
 sions of the Presbyterian Church " was adopted, and the new so- 
 ciety made itself auxiliary to the Home and Foreign Boards, and 
 invited the co-operation of the women of our churches by the for- 
 mation of auxiliary societies. 
 
 157 
 
158 woman's missionary societies. 
 
 first board of officers. 
 
 President. — Mrs. James Lorimer Graham. 
 
 tr- r, -J J 4 Mrs. Horace Ilolden. 
 
 Vice Presidents. - | j^j^^ j^^^^^j ^ ^^^^ 
 
 c , • \ Mrs. W. Packer Prentice, 
 
 Secretaries.— | j^j^g g j. Br„,vn. 
 
 Treasurer. — Mrs. Charles P. Hartt. 
 
 The Board of Managers consisted of Representatives from all 
 the Presbyterian churches in New York city. 
 
 The basis of this society is work for Home and Foreign Mis- 
 sions ; but each auxiliary is free to choose its own branch of work, 
 and the experience of eight years has proved that the two depart- 
 ments may be carried on, side by side, yet with perfect independ- 
 ence, and without detriment to either. 
 
 During the first year the list of auxiliary societies amounted to 
 48, and has now increased to 326. 
 
 The receipts of the Society have been as follows, the first re- 
 port being presented in November, 1871 : — 
 
 Nov., 1871, $7,747.06; Nov., 1872, $9,835.99 ; Nov., 1873, 
 $14,159.39; Nov., 1874, $20,313.71; Nov., 1875, $24,146.88; 
 April, 1877, $36,155.08 ; April, 1878, $26,768.60. Total, $139,- 
 126.71. 
 
 PRESENT BOARD OF OFFICERS. 
 
 President. — Mrs. James Lorimer Graham, 48th West loth Street, New York. 
 
 Ten Vice Presidents. 
 Treasurer. — Mrs. Charles P. Hartt. 
 Assistant Treasurer. — Mrs. Joseph A. Welch. 
 
 {Mrs. W. Packer Prentice. 
 Miss Elizabeth S. Hunter. 
 Miss Mary P,.st. 
 Miss Emma Strong. 
 
 The Ladies' Board is now supporting 42 missionaries, 30 
 Bible readers, 38 schools, and 100 scholarships, and is laboring in 
 Syria, Persia, India, China, Siam, Japan, Africa, and Mexico, in 
 the foreign field ; and in New Mexico, Utah, Montana, and 
 Alaska, in the home field. 
 
 "Our Mission Field " was issued first of September, 1871, 
 so it has now an existence of nearly seven years. It has tended 
 greatly to increase the acquaintance with different countries and 
 
PRESBYTERIAN. 
 
 159 
 
 their needs ; to deepen the interest in missions, not only at the 
 particular points we occupy ourselves as a society, but as scatter- 
 ed over the world. It has also brought our missionaries in nearer 
 contact to the women at home, making them feel like sisters in 
 the work which they hold in common. As one said, " You hold 
 one end of the chain in your hands and we the other. It is the 
 connecting link between you and your representatives. We are 
 working for you, and you are praying and laboring for us." We 
 have had many expressions from those who take our Magazine, 
 of the interest it gave, and how it was watched for, even by the 
 youngest in the family. It seems a necessary adjunct to the So- 
 ciety, to send out thus its record, and show the progress of the 
 work. 
 
 In addition to the object already named, the Ladies' Board 
 has purchased property for the use of the Mission at various sta- 
 tions ; has purchased or erected buildings to be used for schools ; 
 has built churches and chapels, and in every way, as the Lord 
 has directed it, has endeavored to take up its share of the work of 
 women for missions. 
 
 Missionaries are located as follows : — 
 
 Mrs. Samuel Jessup Tripoli, Syria. 
 
 Miss Hattie Lagrange.... " " 
 
 Mrs. S. H. Calhoun •• " 
 
 Miss Eliza D. Everett.... Beirut, " 
 
 " Mary G. Lyons " " 
 
 Mrs. D. P. Cochran Mt. Seir, Persia. 
 
 Miss M. K. Van Duzee..Oroomiali, " 
 Mrs. Edward Newton.... Nodiana, India. 
 
 Mrs. Chatturtree Hoshiapore, " 
 
 Miss Louisa Campbell ...Ambala, " 
 Miss Jennie A. Nelson ..Lahore, " 
 
 Mrs. Joseph L. Whiting. Peking, China. 
 Mrs. Albert Whiting . . . .Nanking, " 
 Miss A. D. H. Kelsey...Tun^chow, " 
 Mrs. S. G. McFarland...PetcIiaburi, Siam. 
 Miss Sarah M. Coffman.. " " 
 
 Miss Mary L. Cort " " 
 
 Miss S. D. Grimstead.... Bangkok, " 
 
 Mrs. Eugene P. Dunlap.. " " 
 
 Miss Kate M. Youngraan.Tokio, Japan. 
 Miss Fannie Galick " " 
 
 Mrs. Reutlinger Corisco, Africa. 
 
 Mrs. Albert Bushnell.... Gaboon, " 
 Mrs. Jennie M. Smith.... " " 
 
 Miss Susan Dewsnap.... " " 
 
 Mrs. Emma A. Diggs... Liberia, " 
 Mrs. Jolin M. Deputie.... " " 
 
 Mrs. James M. Roberts.. Taos, New Mexico, 
 Miss Mary G. Burnham.. " " " 
 
 Miss Laura P. Annin. . . .Las Vigas, " 
 
 Mrs. C. G. Menaul Laguna, " 
 
 Mrs. Griftcth Santa Fe, " 
 
 Miss M. G. Crittenden... Hamilton, Mont'na 
 
 Miss Benney Salt Lake, Utah. 
 
 Mrs. McMillan ManLi City " 
 
 Mrs. A. G. McFarland.. Alaska. 
 
 Rev. J. M. Roberts Taos, N. M. 
 
 Rev. George G. Smith.. .Santa Fe, N. M. 
 Rev. W. P. Teitsworth .Longmont, Col. 
 
 Rev. T. W. McCoy Snohomish, \V. T. 
 
 Rafael Gallegos Aarna Nigra, N.M. 
 
 Rev. T. 3. Bliss Colorado. 
 
 * Under appointment. 
 
i6o woman's missionary societies. 
 
 Ladies' Board of Missions, Presbyterian Church, New York, 
 
 1878-83. 
 
 The last four years bear witness to many changes in the work 
 of our Ladies' Board of Missions, — to an increasing interest on 
 the part of the women of the church, and a training of the children 
 and young people to enter with earnestness into the work ; so that 
 when those who are now in charge of it shall be called away from 
 their labors, there will be others ready to take their places and 
 better prepared than we were when the command was given to the 
 women of Israel to go forward. 
 
 BOARD OF OFFICERS IN 1882. 
 
 President. — Mrs. James Lorimer Graham, 22 West Tenth St. 
 
 Fifteen Vice-Preside}tts. 
 
 Treasurer. — Mrs. Charles P. Hartt, 23 Centre St. 
 Assistant Treasurer. — Mrs. Joseph A. Welch. 
 ■ Miss H. W. Hubbard. 
 Mrs. A. G. Agnew. 
 " C.T.White. 
 Secretaries. — •! " C. Francis Griffin. 
 Miss Emily M. Wheeler. 
 Mrs. I. A. Atwater. 
 . Miss Mary Parsons. 
 
 There are now connected with the Ladies Board of Missions, 
 19 Presbyterial Societies, 497 auxiliaries and bands, 32 foreign 
 missionaries, 38 native teachers and Bible- readers, 36 schools, and 
 166 scholarships. In our home work we have 25 missionaries, 18 
 schools, and 64 scholarships. 
 
 From April, 1878, to January, 1883, the receipts have been : — 
 
 Cash $157,190.86 
 
 Value of boxes ..... 52,605.85 
 
 Total in cash from beginning . . , 296,317.57 
 
Missionaries of the Ladies' Presbyterian Board of Missions, 
 New York, 1883. 
 
 In the Foreign Field, 
 
 Mrs. S. H.Calhoun Schweigat, Syria. 
 
 Miss Eliza C. Everett Beirut, " 
 
 " Wattie N. LaGrange, Tripoli, •' 
 
 Mrs. D. P.Cochran Oroomiah, Persia. 
 
 Miss M. K. Van Duzee... "• " 
 
 " Annie Montgomery. .Hamadan, " 
 
 Mrs. Alexander " " 
 
 " Edward Newton Lodiana, India. 
 
 Miss Sara S. Hutchnison..Mynpurie, " 
 
 " Kate M. Youngman..Tokio, Japan. 
 
 " 1. A. Leete " •' 
 
 " Lena Leete " " 
 
 " Sarah C. Smith " " 
 
 " Nearv E. Reade " " 
 
 Mrs. Jas. \V. McLauley... " " 
 
 '* Joseph L. Whiting... Peking, China. 
 
 Miss Mary G. Barr " " 
 
 Miss Fannie Strong Peking, China. 
 
 " A. D. H. Kelsey, M. D. " 
 
 " Sarah A. Warner. ...Ningpo, " 
 
 Mrs. Albert Whiting Nanking, '' 
 
 " Joseph C Thomson. .Canton, " 
 
 Miss M. E. Niles, M. U.,. " " 
 
 " Sarah M. Coffinan...Peichaburi, Siani. 
 
 " MaryL. Coit " " 
 
 " Lillian M. Linnell... •' " 
 
 Mrs. McLaren '• 
 
 " Eugene P. Dunlap.. " 
 
 " Albert Bushnell Gaboon, Africa. 
 
 " A. W. Marling " '• 
 
 " Louise Reutlinger. . .Benita, " 
 
 " M. H. Garnet Burboza, Liberia, " 
 
 " Eneas McLean Valparaiso, Chili. 
 
 In ike Home Field, 
 
 Mrs. J. M. Roberts Taos, New Mexico. 
 
 " Mary McWhirt El Ranche, " 
 
 Miss Tillie L.Allison Santa Fe, " 
 
 " Everett '* " 
 
 " RL H. Patten Las Vegas, " 
 
 " M. Fleming Anton del Chico, " 
 
 Mrs. E. Tibbals Glorieta, " 
 
 " Maes El Ruo, " 
 
 Miss J. A. Olmstend Richfield, Utah. 
 
 •• Flora Campbell Ogden, " 
 
 " F. Galbraith Manti, " 
 
 " S. L.Grimstead Cockrell, Colorado. 
 
 " A.M.Ross San Luis, " 
 
 Mrs. A. R. McFarIand...Ft. Wrangell, Alaska. 
 
 Miss K. A. Rankin " " 
 
 Mrs. T. L. Gould Hydah, " 
 
 Miss C. A. Gould •' «♦ 
 
 " Linda Austin (in part)Sitka, '* 
 
 " F. E. Ufford, 
 
 Rocky Ridge, Concord, N. C. 
 
 " Ainsworth, " '* 
 
 " L. Campbell, " '• 
 
 '• Brewster, " " 
 
 " E.B.Atkinson 
 
 " A. B. Carr 
 
 Mrs. Coffin Florida. 
 
 i6i 
 
WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSIONARY SOCIETY, 
 (PRESBYTERIAN, PHILADELPHIA.) 
 
 The Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of the Presbyte- 
 rian Church. Philadelphia, is just eight years old ; and the history 
 of its short life may be described in the comforting and beautiful 
 language of Scripture, which portrays the pathway of the just as 
 that which shineth more and more unto the perfect day. Each 
 year has had a record not only of renewed mercies but great in- 
 crease and rich additions. The promised light has come with the 
 taking of each step, and according to our faith so has it been unto us. 
 
 Not that all the way has been smooth and the paths easy ; far 
 from it. There have been steep places and rough spaces for many 
 a weary mile. Indeed, dark hours and heavy clouds have at times 
 caused even the leaders to halt with trembling heart and question- 
 ing look, until they were reassured by the echoes which have 
 come down the ages, and which are still the Christian w^atchword 
 of to-day, " Speak unto my people that they go forward." 
 
 If ever human enterprise had divine sanction — or shall we not 
 rather say, command — this Woman'sMissionary work may safely 
 claim it. The Lord came into the hearts of many sisters of sorrow 
 whom He had prepared and sanctified by affliction, or brought by 
 the direct agency of His Spirit to feel His power, and say with 
 Paul, " Lord what wouldst thou have me to do.?" And in reply 
 many have heard in their hearts, the words, Arise, and go to thy 
 heathen sisters and lift them out of their darkness and ignoi-ance 
 into the light and knowledge of the glor}' of God as it is revealed 
 in Jesus Christ our Saviour. 
 
 The obedient spirit at once started in this way that the Lord 
 162 
 
PRESBYTERIAN. 1 63 
 
 had appointed ; and it is from such the testimony comes to-day, 
 that God has been with them all the journey thus far. 
 
 They have had the pillar of cloud by day and the pillar of fire 
 by night, and with such blessed leading there has always been 
 comfort even under the keenest trial ; so that they can truly say 
 when troubled on every side, we were not distressed ; and though 
 perplexed, were not in despair. 
 
 Now, after eight years of active service and earnest eftbrt in 
 this noble cause, we gladly gather with our sisters and fellow work- 
 ers to-day, and from this happy outlook raise with you our Eben- 
 ezer ; for truly we can all say with one voice and with one heart, 
 " Hitherto hath the Lord helped us." 
 
 The start of our organization under the Presbyterian name 
 was a day of small things. 
 
 A few of our ladies wei"e engaged in the Woman's Union 
 Missionary Society, which had an earlier existence. But when 
 it became evident that the borders needed enlarging and it seemed 
 as though God would have us " Go up by lot" against the mighty 
 foe, we gathered with our tribe and stood ready to work in His 
 appointed way. 
 
 In October, 1870, the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society 
 of the Presbyterian church was organized. There were but a 
 handful of workers on this side of the ocean, and they assumed the 
 support of twelve missionaries then on the field. The financial 
 result of the first year's work was $5,344.96. And the magazine en- 
 titled "Woman's Work for Woman," was started with a subscrip- 
 tion list of five hundred. The second year there were twenty-six 
 missionaries supported, besides sixteen Bible readers and native 
 teachers, a number of children in schools at different stations, 
 and an increase in the number of subscribers to " Woman's 
 Work," bringing it up to more than four thousand. The treas- 
 urer's report for this second year notes an advance to $18,651.58. 
 
164 woman's missionary societies. 
 
 In the next year everything more than doubled and each suc- 
 ceeding year gives the same encouraging result. Now from the 
 last annual report, just published, we have the following statement : 
 " There arc eighty-five missionaries now under the care of this so- 
 ciety, besides one under appointment. Fifty-one of these are mar- 
 ried ladies, and thirty-four are single or widows. It may be well 
 to say here that as a rule these wives of missionaries are actively 
 engaged in work of some kind. When they are unable, owing to 
 other duties which God has given them, to engage in out-of-doot 
 effort, they preach the gospel of Christ Jesus continually to those 
 around them, by maintaining and ordering a Christian home to 
 which the natives come ; and in which they see a striking contrast 
 to their own miserable abodes. We have 150 Bible readers and 
 native teachers under our care, and sustain 169 day schools, and 
 335 scholarships in boarding schools. It is a most noticeable and 
 encouraging fact that so many of the natives are now engaged in 
 establishing schools themselves, and in carrying on the mission 
 work by Bible reading and teaching. This is undoubtedly the 
 highest result that can be attained by missionary labor, and it is 
 through this channel we expect the little leaven will find its 
 way through the cold and lifeless mass of heathen humanity. 
 Eight years ago, we had thirty-seven auxiliaries and twenty-three 
 bands. Now we have 827 auxiliaries and 454 bands. Then 
 Presbyterial societies did not exist. Now, thirty-five of these, 
 form a strong, compact, reliable body of workers to whom we look 
 with utmost confidence for the fulfilment of their pledges each 
 year, and for steady increase in the amount pledged. Geograph- 
 ically we are represented by our missionaries as follows : Twen- 
 ty-three in India ; twenty in China ; five in Japan ; seven in Per- 
 sia ; five in Syria ; five in Africa ; nine in South America ; three 
 in Mexico ; five among the North American Indians and two in 
 
PRESBYTERIAN. 1 65 
 
 California among the Chinese. Fifteen of these have been added 
 to our list during the last year. One item from the treasurer's re- 
 port will tell the whole financial story. It says, " Our total re- 
 ceipts for the year now closed are $83,704,32. When we com- 
 pare these figures with the $5,244.96 of the first year, we surely 
 cannot doubt that God has been with us to give us success. Dur- 
 ing these years, buildings have been erected by the funds of the 
 society at Kolapoor, Mynpurie, Panalla and Etawah (India) ; Can- 
 ton (China), and Sidon (Syria). Moreover, Woodstock has been 
 purchased for a home and school in the Himalaya mountains in 
 India ; and a house for chapel and school uses in Mexico. In ad- 
 dition to these, a schoolhouse in Canton which was destroyed by 
 fire was re-built, and $1 ,899.00 were raised to give the Bible to the 
 Laos people in their own tongue. The aggregate of our receipts 
 since the organization of the society is $449,067.74. A late re- 
 port has this final telling sentence. Every appeal made in our 
 last report for a new worker, when there was special need for 
 such, has been answered by one or more being sent to that place. 
 In these few facts and figures, however, " The half has not been 
 told." For how much has been done and is doing daily and 
 hourly that cannot be computed by figures or measured by words ! 
 The unuttered prayers for a benighted one ; the silent tears of sym- 
 pathy which God has bottled ; the outstretched hands to a sink- 
 ing sufferer ; the protecting to a homeless wanderer ; and the cup 
 of cold water in His name, all make up a grand total to encour- 
 age and comfort us in the assurance that He has accepted our 
 lame and imperfect service, " covering us all with the bright and 
 gracious garments of His love and power." And so, taking fresh 
 courage for the future we would give to one and all the right hand 
 of fellowship in this noble work and bid you God speed. 
 
 Miss Julia K. Hinkle. 
 
1 66 woman's missionary societies. 
 
 Woman's Foreign Missionary Society (Presbyterian, Phila- 
 delphia), 187S-83. 
 
 In recording the work of the Woman's Foreign Missionary 
 Society of Phihidelphia, we only tell a part of the story, in giving 
 the figures of increase. We should know what the eternal life, 
 which is the gift of our Lord to all who believe on him, means, if 
 we would fairly judge of the fulness of the work. Rescued souls, 
 holy influences, undermined obstacles, all these belong to the calcu- 
 lation ; and these, the spiritual results, are not covered by figures. 
 
 The infancy of this Society was healthy and vigorous, not great 
 in its achievements, but clear in its understanding and strong in its 
 purpose. It is now twelve years old. What do we expect of that 
 age in a well-trained human body? Not very much, beyond the 
 prornise of good things, — a good foundation, the occasional springing 
 thought, a budding ambition and kindling desires. In this spirit- 
 ual organization called into existence by the Lord of the harvest, we 
 find a spiritual development with which the human knows no com- 
 petition. Springing with a bound out of infancy, its youth displays 
 a maturity that gives large expectation for the future. Let us never 
 forget that mission work is an arm of the church of Christ ; that it 
 is our business here, to keep that arm in strong and healthful exer- 
 cise, and therefore that we should know no relaxation in effort and 
 prayer and in expectation of the results that the Lord has promised. 
 
 Our first j^ear of organization, 1870, when closed eyes were 
 opening and the ear began to distinguish the call to woman, realized 
 in collections the sum of $5,224.96. Our twelfth year records the 
 Treasurer's receipts^ $112,532.05. Aggregate to January, 1883, 
 ^909>338.6i. 
 
 " Woman's Work for Woman," which began with a subscription 
 list of 500, now shows its list of 10,000. *' Children's Work for 
 Children " has reached a subscription of 12,250. A series of " His- 
 
PRESBYTERIAN. 16/ 
 
 torical Sketches " of all the missions of the Presbyterian Boards 
 was undertaken and accomplished this year by the Publication 
 Committee of this Society. These sketches were written by differ- 
 ent clergymen and contain all the statistics with the lists of mis- 
 sionaries. In the first edition of i,ooo, each sketch was printed in. 
 a separate pamphlet. The second edition of 3,000 has all the ten 
 sketches bound together in paper covers. These are sold for fifty 
 cents a copy, but each separate sketch can be had for ten cents. 
 Smaller publications, " INIedical Missions for Women," " Not your 
 Own," a word for the children entitled " Five to Six," and one 
 for Young Ladies' Mission Bands have been produced this year. 
 These with various leaflets, numbering 23,750, are the leaves from 
 this tree of life of the Lord's planting. 
 
 There are one hundred and ten missionaries, eight mission teach- 
 ers, fifty-one Bible-readers and native teachers, one hundred and 
 fifteen day schools, four hundred and fourteen scholarships in board- 
 ing schools. Schools are in some instances becoming self-supporting 
 and converted natives are a recognized aid in promoting our work. 
 
 We have now i,i8g Auxiliary Societies, sixty having been 
 added this year. One hundred and twenty-five new bands have also 
 been added, making the number now seven hundred and fifty-eight. 
 
 Presbyterial Societies have increased in the ten years since the 
 first organization to forty-eight. Schools have multiplied. In Wewoka 
 there are ten, where more than thirty children are taught. We have 
 twelve missionaries laboring among the North American Indians. 
 
 Mexico has a most promising school established during this 
 year with eighty girls in attendance, and cared for by two mission- 
 ary teachers. 
 
 We pray the Lord, in whose service we are, to pardon the short- 
 comings of the past years, to sanctify the present work, and to 
 order all its future that, to Him may be the glory. 
 
 August, 1882. Mrs. E. L. Linnard. 
 
Missionaries of the W. F. M. Society of Philadelphia, 
 Penn., 1883. 
 
 Mrs. C. B. Newton 
 
 .Lahore, India 
 
 
 tt «( 
 
 Miss Clara Thiede 
 
 « « 
 
 Mrs. Reese Thackwell.. 
 
 .Rawal Pindi, " 
 
 " E.M. Wherry 
 
 .Lodiana, " 
 
 MissS. M. Wherr>' 
 
 " " 
 
 Mrs. Wm. Calderwood.. 
 
 .Saharanpiir, " 
 
 Miss Marparet A. Craig. 
 
 .Dehra, " 
 
 
 
 
 " <( 
 
 •* J. L. Scott 
 
 .Woodstock, '• 
 
 
 <( (1 
 
 
 <i (1 
 
 " Irene Griffith 
 
 « « 
 
 " C.G.Williamson... 
 
 <t t( 
 
 Mrs. Thos. Tracy 
 
 • Futtehgurh, " 
 
 '* Geo. A. Seeley 
 
 " *• 
 
 Miss E.J. Seelev '. 
 
 (C (( 
 
 Mrs. Jas. F. Ho'lcomb... 
 
 .Allahabad, " 
 
 
 <* (( 
 
 " J. C. R. Ewing •• '• 
 
 *• James M. Alexander 
 
 , Mynpurie, " 
 
 Miss Christine Belz 
 
 .Etawah, '• 
 
 Mrs. J. P. Graham 
 
 .Ratnaghiri, " 
 
 '• J. M. Goheen 
 
 .Kolapoor, '• 
 
 " L. B. C.Tedford... 
 
 " " 
 
 " J.J.Hull 
 
 « « 
 
 " G. H.Ferris 
 
 .Panalla, " 
 
 " G. W. Seiler 
 
 (1 tt 
 
 Miss Haltie Noyes 
 
 .Canton, China 
 
 Mrs. A. P. Happer 
 
 " " 
 
 
 
 " Elverda Happer.... 
 
 " «« 
 
 Mrs. B. C. Henry 
 
 « ii 
 
 Miss E. M. Rutler 
 
 « (( 
 
 
 Mrs. George F. Fitch... 
 
 .Shanghai, " 
 
 " Charles 'Leaman... 
 
 • Nanking, " 
 
 " John Butler 
 
 .Ningi30, " 
 
 " C. W. Mateer 
 
 .Tungchow, " 
 
 *' James M. Shaw. .. . 
 " H. R. Smith 
 
 
 (1 <> 
 
 Miss L. E. Mateer 
 
 II <i 
 
 Mrs. John Murray 
 
 .Chenanfoo, " 
 
 •• S. A. Hunter 
 
 ti If 
 
 " J. Hood Laughlin.. 
 
 .Chef 00, " 
 
 *' J. L. Nevius 
 
 •1 <i 
 
 " J. C. Hepburn 
 
 .Yokohama, Japan. 
 
 Miss C. T. Alexander. . . . 
 
 " A. K. Davis 
 
 .Tokio, " 
 
 Mrs. John C. Hallagh... 
 
 " " 
 
 
 •« i( 
 
 " T.T.Alexander... 
 
 i< « 
 
 " Arthur Bryan 
 
 «< << 
 
 Miss M. B. Henry 
 
 ■( (1 
 
 " S. Porter 
 
 i< It 
 
 " Kate McFarren .... 
 
 .Bogota, S. America 
 
 Mrs. M. E. Caldwell 
 
 
 1 68 
 
 Miss Margaret Ramsay . • .Bogota, S. America. 
 
 " EllaKuhl San Paulo, Brazil. 
 
 " M. Dascomb " " 
 
 Mrs. J. Beatty Howel " " 
 
 " George Landis Botucatu, " 
 
 " J. F. Da Gama Riocearo, " 
 
 Miss Phebe Thomas San I'aulo, " 
 
 Mrs. C. De Heer Benita, Africa. 
 
 •' C. W. Gault " 
 
 " H. M. Bacheler Baraka, " 
 
 " J.M.Reading Kangwe, " 
 
 " R. H. Nassau " " 
 
 Miss I. A. Nassau " " 
 
 '• Lydia Jones Baraka, " 
 
 " Lydia B. Walker.... " " 
 
 Mrs. J. M. Oldfather Oroomiah, Persia. 
 
 " B. Labaree " " 
 
 " J. H. Shedd " " 
 
 Miss Anna Schenck Teheran, " 
 
 Mrs. J. L. Potter " ". 
 
 Miss Cora Bartlett " " 
 
 " Ellen Jackson Beirut, Syria. 
 
 " E.Thomson " '* 
 
 Mrs. W. W. Eddy " " 
 
 MissH. M.Eddy Sidon, " 
 
 " Bessie M. Nelson.... " " 
 
 Mrs. M. P. Ford " " 
 
 " T. S. Pond Shemlan, " 
 
 " Gerald F.Dale. Zahleh, " 
 
 " Fred. W. March " " 
 
 " Chas. S. McClelland, Petchabuni, Siam. 
 
 " E. A. Sturge " " 
 
 " Danl. McGilvary.... Bangkok, " 
 
 " James W. Vandyke.. " " 
 
 •' J.H.Hearst Laos, •' 
 
 Miss L. M. Latimer Mexico City, Mexico. 
 
 " Fanny Snow " " 
 
 Chinese in California. 
 
 Mrs. Ira M. Condit Oakland. 
 
 Miss M. Culbertson San Francisco, 
 
 *' Emma R. Cable " 
 
 " M. Baskin " 
 
 Indians in United States. 
 
 Mrs. Isaac Baird Chippewas. 
 
 " J.B.Dickson Dakotas. 
 
 Miss C. McCreight *' 
 
 Mrs. J. P.Williamson.... " 
 
 Miss Nancy Hunter " 
 
 " S. L. McBeth Nez Perces. 
 
 " Kate McBeth " 
 
 Mrs. G. L. Deffenbaugh.. " 
 
 Miss Adeline Ramsay Semlnoles. 
 
 " Diament _ " 
 
 Mrs. Asher Wright Seneca Mission. 
 
 " M. F. Trippe " " 
 
WOMAN'S PRESBYERIAN BOARD OF MIS- 
 SIONS FOR THE NORTHWEST. 
 
 The women of the Presbyterian Church in the Northwest, as 
 mission workers, send greeting to all women of like mind and 
 occupation in the Methodist Church of New England ; claiming 
 that our work is one in the Lord. 
 
 In answer to your call, we would council together concern- 
 ing the things of the Kingdom ; and return thanks together for 
 all the blessings that have followed our endeavors. 
 
 Having organized in December, 1870, we held our seventh 
 anniversary last month in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, where more than 
 four hundred delegates were present. 
 
 We number 697 auxiliary societies at work, supporting 31 
 missionaries, 51 Bible readers, 104 native schools, and 99 schol- 
 arships and pupils. Our contributions for the year amounted to 
 $31,368.67, which is $5,000 in advance of last year. Amount 
 since organization, $124,417.98. Money received first year, 
 
 $6,334-42. 
 
 We meet annually in some prominent city or town, every 
 third year gathering in Chicago as headquarters. 
 
 We are steadily progressing in our work, but we have many 
 hindrances. One of the greatest of these is ignorance of the for- 
 eign work. " So much to do at home," has risen before the 
 Christian wife and mother like a mountain, and she could not see 
 the world as Christ's harvest field, nor hear the echo of his last 
 
 169 
 
170 WOMAN S MISSIONARY SOCIETIES. 
 
 command, " Go, teach all nations." We must level this moun- 
 tain and the number of woiicers will increase. 
 
 The financial confusions of the past year have taught us more 
 forcibly than ever, that we must have systematic giving if we wish 
 to redeem our pledges, — large gifts cannot be depended upon, 
 and the regular offerings, usually small, prevent us from encroach- 
 ing on any other church woi'k. 
 
 One great help in our work has been, Presbyterial organiza- 
 tion. We have been able to reach all the churches by personal 
 contact, and we can better follow the work. Our Presbyteries 
 meet twice during the year, and our ladies are given one evening 
 during the session, and the pastors co-operate with us. This 
 does away with the necessity of quarterlies. We think it unwise 
 to multiply meetings too frequently. We might mention more 
 items, but doubtless you are fomiliar with them, as found in our 
 reports. 
 
 We watch your progress with interest, and your prosperity 
 with gratitude to Our Father, who has permitted us all to tell 
 the story of Christ's redemption. With us let there be no East or 
 West ; no denominational rivalry ; for we, with all the heathen 
 women, are sisters, daughters of the King, looking foward to 
 one home, which our Elder Brother has gone to prepare for us. 
 
 Mrs. G. H. Laflin. 
 
presbyterian. 171 
 
 Woman's Preseyterian Board of Missions for the North- 
 west, 1878-83. 
 
 The eleventh annual meeting of this Board was held in Minne- 
 apolis, Minn., April 19 and 20. So near to the fountain head of 
 our noble Mississippi, we found ourselves very near the fountain of 
 the Water of Life; and, drinking thereof, our spiritual life and mis- 
 sionary zeal were quickened. 
 
 As the year previous we had completed the first decade of our 
 existence, and had marked it by an earnest endeavor to make a 
 decided advance, there were some fears that this year there would 
 be a falling off in gifts ; but, deducting the $10,000 that had been a 
 special gift to the Persian famine sufferers, we found we had pro- 
 gressed. This gave a jubilant tone to the meeting, and there was a 
 quiet melody of thanksgiving in every heart. During all these years 
 the work has enlarged wonderfully. The number of secretaries has 
 been increased, in order to carry on editorial work and a large cor- 
 respondence with the auxiliaries and the missionaries. 
 
 Throughout our grand Northwest the Christian women are look- 
 ing over the rocky coasts, across the broad Pacific, and longing to 
 have some share in the greatest work of the world — its evangeliza- 
 tion. Where there is a vacent pulpit, an organization of a live 
 foreign missionary society proves a powerful magnet to draw a pas- 
 tor. The women in the farming districts feel " that they no longer 
 are simply a part of a village, but by this work are made con- 
 scious of their relations to the whole world." They promise soon 
 to send word to New York, "Look this way for recruits and 
 supplies." 
 
 Synodical and presbyterial organization is now quite complete, 
 and aids materially in reaching churches in remote localities. We 
 send out a hectograph letter monthly to each synodical secretary, 
 
172 WOMAN S MISSIONARY SOCIETIES. 
 
 U'hich she copies and sends to the presbyterial secretary ; and she 
 again distributes to each society, so that all have something from 
 the mission for the month. This gives some persons a little more 
 to do, but that very effort increases interest. 
 
 We have signal aid from 2 he Interior, which publishes weekly 
 two columns of missionary intelligence collected in our Mission 
 Room, 48 McCormick Block, 
 
 We are now supporting missionaries in every country, and at 
 present are building school-houses in Laos and Mexico, and a 
 church in Gwalior, India. We have sent out six young ladies the 
 past year, already at work in China, India, Mexico, and among 
 the Indians ; so that we qre now supporting forty-two missionaries 
 and more than fifty Bible-readers and native teachers engaged in 
 one hundred different schools. We have enrolled 1,284 societies 
 and bands in forty-nine thoroughly organized presbyteries. 
 
 The contributions for the year amounted to $71,333.42, making 
 our total receipts from December, 1870, to Jan. 10, 1883, $326,102.47, 
 These figures represent gifts from some Christians out of their abun- 
 dance, others have given with sacrifice. Some have given the tenth 
 as prescribed under the Mosaic law, and many have given the free- 
 will offering over and above all. Each heart is conscious of the 
 commendation she deserves, and the reckoning must be solemnly 
 held with the Master. 
 
 But setting aside what others do, let us each one, from this 
 day, do our utmost. As one secretary writes, " Seed-time and har- 
 vest shall not fail so long as the world stands, and the harvest of 
 souls is as certain as that of grain, in the Lord's appointed time. 
 But the seed sowing must precede this glorious day, and be kept 
 continually watered and tended by faithful husbandmen." Herein 
 lies our duty and privilege. 
 
 Mrs. George H. Laflin. 
 
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THE WOMAN'S BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS 
 
 CUMBERLAND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 
 
 Early in 1880 a letter was received by Rev. W. J. Darby, of 
 Evansville, Ind., from Rev. A. D. Hail, a missionary of the Cumber- 
 land Presbyterian Church, at Osaka, Japan, urging that steps be 
 taken at the next meeting of the general assembly, to convene in 
 Evansville, May, 1880, to enlist the women of the church more 
 actively in Foreign Missions. The letter also contained a strong 
 appeal to Christian women in behalf of the women and children of 
 Japan. 
 
 Mr. Darby presented the matter to the women of his congrega- 
 tion, who readily expressed their desire to do all they could to fur- 
 ther such a movement, and a committee was appointed to consult 
 with the Board of Missions. The consultation resulting favorably, 
 the following call was made through the church papers : — 
 
 "7b the Women of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church: 
 
 " Being deeply impressed that the time is at hand, in the providence of God, 
 •when the women of our church should be moie heartilj' enlisted in the work of 
 saving the nations that now sit in darkness, the Woman's Foreign Missionnry 
 Society of the Evansville congregation of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, 
 after consultation with the general assembly's Uoard of Missions, hereby invite 
 the women of the several congregations in said church to send representatives to 
 this city to unite in convention for the purpose of forming a Woman's Board of 
 
PRESBYTERIAN. 1 75 
 
 Foreign Missions, and of devising plans for future work ; the same to meet in 
 Evans ville, Ind., on Tuesday, May 25, 18S0." 
 
 In accordance with the above call, seventy women, representing 
 all parts of the church, met in Evansville, May 25, 1880, to con- 
 sider the subject of permanent organization. It was a happy event 
 going forward, to the women of the Cumberland Presbyterian 
 Church. The meeting was addressed by Mrs. Sturgis, twenty- 
 eight years a missionary in the Ascension Islands, and Mrs. S. J. 
 Rhea, who spent several years in Persia. Both ladies in giving their 
 experience, and telling of the glorious results of missionary work, 
 especially in the wide field open to woman in foreign lands, did 
 much to inspire those present to renewed zeal for the Master's 
 cause. It was a precious hour, and only the great Father knows 
 the earnest and heartfelt prayers that were offered for wisdom and 
 guidance. The following day a Constitution was adopted, the sec- 
 ond article being : — 
 
 " The object of this Board shall be to promote an interest among the women 
 of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church in behalf of Foreign Missions, and to 
 work in co-operation with the general assembly's Board of Missions in sending 
 the gospel to the heathen, especially the women and children." 
 
 It is a fact worthy of notice that at this first meeting a young 
 lady. Miss A. M. Orr of Missouri, offered her services to the Board 
 and expressed her willingness to enter at once upon the work. 
 
 RESULTS. 
 
 During the two years since organization, two hundred auxilia- 
 ries have been formed. About $8,500 have been contributed. We 
 have twelve life members. We have sent two missionaries, Miss 
 Alice M. Orr, of Kirksville, Mo., and Miss Julia A. Leavitt, Bloom- 
 
176 woman's missionary societies. 
 
 field, Ind., to Osaka, Japan. Three girls are being educated in 
 Miss Starkweather's school. 
 
 We expect during the present year to send other missionaries 
 and to establish a girls' school in the interior of Japan, and an 
 orphanage in Osaka. 
 
 We have held two annual meetings ; the first in Evansville, 
 Ind., and the second in Bowling Green, Ky. Both have been ex- 
 ceedingly profitable meetings, and have done much toward extend- 
 ing the interest and influence of the work. 
 
 A portion of the " Missionary Record," the official organ of the 
 Board of Missions of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, is used 
 in the interest of our Board.* 
 
 The women of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church are 
 greatly encouraged in their labors, both at home and abroad. Feel- 
 ing confident that the hand of God is leading them into fields ripe 
 for the harvest. 
 
 We are in our infancy, but have the assurance of growth and 
 
 strength, if nourished by faith in God, and courage to " be about 
 
 our Father's business." 
 
 Mrs. W. J. Darby. 
 18S2. 
 
 BOARD OF OFFICERS. 
 
 Mrs. R. B. Riiston, President. 
 " W. F. Nisbet, Vice-Fresident. 
 " D. S. Ragon, Foreign Secretary. 
 " W. J. Darby, Recording Secretary. 
 
 Miss Lillie Taylor, Corresponding Secretary^ 
 Mrs. N. A. Lyon, Treasurer. 
 
 " Wm. Kurtz. 
 
 " M. J. Parsons. 
 
 • Address Mr. Geo. E. Patton, 210 Olive Street, St. Louis, Mo. 
 
WOMAN'S MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION OF 
 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 
 
 The Woman's Missionary Association of the United Brethren 
 Church is in its infancy, having only been working under a 
 properly constructed constitution for the past two years, before 
 that time, during a period of three years, our sowing was a scat- 
 tering one, and we saw but very little fruit of our labor. 
 
 Our present mode of operation is to have a Branch Society 
 in each confei'ence with a local society for each congregation in the 
 conference. The secretaries of all local societies are furnished 
 with blanks which they fill out quarterly to the branch secretaries, 
 and they in turn send aggregated reports to the recording secre- 
 tary of Board of Managers, which convenes the first Wednesday 
 in May of each year. During the interim of the board meetings, 
 an executive committee, consisting of the officers of the board of 
 managers, with a quorum at Dayton, transacts all the business of 
 the Association with full authority to do what it in its judgment 
 deems best. 
 
 Our outlook is encouraging for the short time we have been 
 systematically w^orking. We have one missionary in Africa. 
 
 This mission is a new one, having only been regularly taken 
 possession of since Feburary I, 1S78. It is situated about sixty 
 miles inland and is represented as beautiful for situation. The 
 people are largely Mohammedan in their belief. This will be our 
 
 177 
 
1/8 woman's missionary societies. 
 
 main station. Around this place we propose to start schools in the 
 adjacent towns, exclusively for children. They will be taught by 
 native teachers, superintended by a white missionary. This plan 
 of educating the children was conceived by one of our returned 
 African missionaries, Mrs. A. L. Billhcimer, who is now travel- 
 ling in this country, and is meeting with signal success in all our 
 congregations wherever she has yet set forth her plea. 
 
 It is under contemplation, also, to establish a mission among 
 the Chinese in California, so that our work is not exclusively for- 
 eign. We have sent to our missions in the East, but our objective 
 point is Africa. 
 
 Our association was organized October, 1875, in First U. B. 
 Church, Dayton, Ohio. 
 
 For several years the efforts of the society were confined to 
 the Miami Conference, but in the summer of 1S75, Mrs. Hadley, 
 having returned from Africa, thought the work ought to be ex- 
 tended throughout the church, accordingly a mass meeting was 
 held at which a general organization was effected. 
 
 We have now from twelve to fifteen branch societies, repre- 
 senting as many conferences, with about fifty local societies, — 
 these are steadily increasing. 
 
 It will be impossible for us to send you any just estimate of 
 our finances at this time, as our reports have not come in for this 
 year. 
 
 Mrs. Benj. Marot, Cor. Sec. 
 
united brethren. i79 
 
 •A^oman's Missionary Association of the United Brethren 
 IN Christ, 1879-83. 
 
 Since the previous sketch by Mrs. Mariot, our Association has 
 been moving steadily forward. We now have thirty branch Socie- 
 ties with a membership of about 5,000. 
 
 In 1879, Miss Eeekin, our missionary in Africa, was compelled 
 to rehnquish her work on account of sickness. We were fortunate 
 to secure the services of Mrs. M. M. Mair, of Glasgow, Scotland, 
 
 — she having had many years experience as a missionary in Africa, 
 
 — to take charge of Bomphe Mission. January, 1879, we obtained 
 a deed for one hundred acres of land near Rotufunk, a town on 
 the upper Bomphe River. Upon this ground a substantial mission 
 house has been erected and is now occupied. 
 
 German Mission. — May, 1880, we undertook the support of a 
 missionary in Coburg, Germany. Many express surprise that mis- 
 sionary work should be needed in classical Germany ; but the estab- 
 lished churches are for the most part given over to formalism, and 
 the people do not habitually attend religious services. The field is 
 a moral desert. The missionaries, by mingling with the people, and 
 making personal efforts for the salvation of their souls, win them to 
 a vital, spiritual Christianity. We have one organized church ; and 
 the missionary. Rev. G. Noetzold, preaches regularly in three other 
 towns, and frequently vists and preaches in villages adjacent. 
 
 Chinese on the Coast. — From unavoidable delay, our school 
 among the Chinese has not been opened. At the last meeting of 
 the Board it was decided to open a school in Portland, Oregon, as 
 soon as we can get a teacher on the ground. We deem this a most 
 important work, and a grand opportunity of reaching a heathen 
 people, in many respects, unencumbered with the civil and social 
 restrictions of their native land. 
 
i8o woman's missionary societies. 
 
 Incorporation. — March 28, 188 1, the Association was regularly 
 incorporated. 
 
 Woman's Evangel. — January, 1882, we published the first 
 number of a monthly paper in the interest of the Association, with 
 a subscription list of one thousand names, and a small fund con- 
 tributed by friends of the new enterprise. It is a sixteen-page 
 paper, large clear type, called "Woman's Evangel." The gospel 
 has been a glad evangel to the women of all Christian nations, and 
 we hope in some measure to make our paper an announcement of 
 glad tidings to heathen women. We regard this as a most impor- 
 tant step in our work, and are confident that by the means of this 
 little messenger, we shall be able to reach many who are not inter- 
 ested, and give information to workers that will increase their 
 interest and efficiency. With the issue of the sixth number, we 
 have eighteen hundred subscribers. 
 
 June 22, 1882. Three missionaries were appointed for Bom- 
 phe Mission, West Africa who sailed in October. They are conse- 
 crated, earnest workers, and we expect to be able to occupy many 
 of the towns calling for help. In November a school for Chinese 
 was established at Portland, Oregon, under direction of Mrs. Ellen 
 Sickafoose, of Buchanan, Mich. 
 
 During the past year we have collected $7,006.57. Aggregate 
 amount since organization, $18,538.54. 
 
 In reply to inquiries it may be stated that our Society is 
 entirely separate and distinct from the General Missionary Board of 
 our church. We are recognized by the General Conference as an 
 independent body. We are encouraged to go where we deem best, 
 and do all the good we can. We employ both men and women in 
 our missions. Our Society is not only "woman's work for woman," 
 but "woman's work for the world." 
 
 Mrs. L. R. Keister. 
 
Missionaries Employed ly Woman's Missionary Association 
 of U. B. in Christ, 1882. 
 
 Name. 
 
 Appointed. 
 
 Mission Station. 
 
 
 Oct. lo, 1876. 
 April 4, 1879. 
 
 May 20, 1881. 
 June 22, 18S2. 
 
 Rotufunk, Bomphe, West Africa. 
 
 Mrs M M Mair 
 
 
 Palli, " " " 
 
 
 
 Rev. and Mrs. J. B. Wilson t 
 
 Kev. G. Noetzold 
 
 Rotufunk, " " " 
 Coburg, German, Germany. 
 Grema, Bomphe, West Africa. 
 
 Mr. Wcekst 
 
 i-'ev. R . N . West 
 
 Miss I ide M'ler 
 
 
 
 << « « << 
 
 
 
 Now at home. 
 
 t Native missionaries. 
 
 181 
 
SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING FEMALE 
 EDUCATION IN THE EAST. 
 
 The annual meeting of this Society was held at the residence 
 of Mr. and the Misses Haldane, London, at whose invitation a 
 numerous and influential company assembled under the presiden- 
 cy of the Earl of Shaftesbury. 
 
 Mr. Haldane read the report, from which the following ex- 
 tracts are made : — 
 
 " It may, perhaps, be necessary to remind some of the friends present 
 on this occasion, that this Society was established in 1834, for the purpose 
 of conveying sound scriptural instruction to women and girls of all classes 
 in Asia and Africa, either in their own secluded homes, or in schools. 
 Since that time it has prepared and sent forth 153 European female teach- 
 ers, and has assisted to send out other sixty-two. There are now employ- 
 ed under its auspices 31 European and about 300 native teachers, almost all 
 the latter having been trained in its schools; 370 schools, containing up- 
 wards of 20,000 children, are in connection with the Society. The number 
 of Zenanas open to its teachers is about 204, containing more than 1,000 
 pupils. The aim of the missionary teachers sent forth by this Committee, 
 is fourfold : ist, to point their pupils to ' the Lamb of God, which taketh 
 away the sin of the world.' 2d, to enable each of them to read the Bible 
 for herself, in her own tongue. 3d, to impart to them all other useful 
 knowledge which circumstances may render advisable. 4th, to train na- 
 tive agents to carry on the work. 
 
 " India. — The chief part of the Society's work is in India, where Zena- 
 na work was very early attempted by its missionaries. The first teachers 
 sent by an English Committee to Hindoo and to Mohammedan Zenanas 
 Were those of this Society, whose missionaries now carry on Zenana Mis- 
 
 182 
 
CHURCH OF ENGLAND. 1 83 
 
 sions at different stations. Boarding, day, and infant schools, and orphan- 
 ages in India, are also maintained, superintended, or assisted by the Soci- 
 ety, as well as training classes for native women. One of the missionary 
 correspondents of the Committee has given some painful details respecting 
 a subject which has caused deep anxiety, as it threatens to interfere serious- 
 ly with the work of Christian education in India, namely, the efibrts of the 
 Hindoos and Mohammedans to have orphanages of their own, in order to 
 secure the little ones of their people from Christian influence. She slates : — 
 
 " ' The Girls' Orphanage has become smaller in number, so many of the 
 elder girls are married, and scarcely any new girls have come, as Govern- 
 ment is no more sending the orphans into Christian Orplianages, as they 
 did formerly, but give them to any Hindoo or Mohammedan who will take 
 the children. Only those whom nobody will take, the lame, the blind, the 
 sick, or miserable, or those afflicted with some illness or other, are now 
 sent to the Mission Orphanages. Hindoos and Mohammedans write pub- 
 licly in the newspapers against the Christian Orphanages. They have al- 
 ready begun to erect Hindoo Orphanages. Only a few days ago a Hindoo 
 wrote in the newspapers an appeal for money in order to erect a new Or- 
 phanage. He writes : — 'It cannot but be noticed that the famine is leav- 
 ing behind it an awful large number of poor boys and girls, who sadly miss 
 their parents, and are turned adrift in the wide world, homeless and friend- 
 less, and my fellow-citizensmust know that the Christian missionaries and 
 their friends from foreignlands. have taken it into their heads to turn the pres- 
 ent opportunity to some account, snatching the orphaned Hindoo children 
 to give them rice with one hand and Christianity with the other hand, 
 making the former the means with which to convert the ignorant little ones 
 to the latter, which is not the religion of their fathers.' The writer then 
 goes on to work upon the feelmgs of the Hindoos to erect an Orphanage, 
 where the orphans of the late famine can be brought up in the Hindoo 
 faith. 
 
 " While, however, the enemy seems thus to be coming in ' like a flood,* 
 the Committee desire to realize that the Spirit of the Lord can lift up a 
 standard against him. Sixteen district Societies, European and American, 
 are now carrying on Zenana work in India ; and while there is cause for 
 thankfulness that a hundred and twenty ladies in connection with them 
 are telling the ' old, old story' to their secluded sisters, the question natur- 
 ally arises in the mind of the Christian, on contemplating the vastness of 
 that empire, 'What are these among so many.?' and while here and there, 
 these laborers can tell of inquirers, and even of baptisms, it is still true 
 that darkness covers the earth, ' and gross darkness the people.' Yet en- 
 couragement to go on sowing the seed increases year by year, and the 
 
184 woman's missionary societies. 
 
 ■workers are strengthened bj the promise that the word of the Lord shall 
 not return unto Him void. 'India is now like a glacier,' a preacher in 
 Calcutta recently remarked, ' hard, frozen, impenetrable, stretching down 
 to the smiling plains below, A block of ice is occasionally melted by God's 
 love shining so wonderfully upon it. If you can but permeate the Zenanas 
 with the grace that is in Christ Jesus, the glacier shall flow down in a river 
 which shall refresh and gladden the whole land, and cause the wilderness to 
 blossom as a rose.' 
 
 "Japan. — The work of the Committee in Japan is comparatively re- 
 cent ; but one woman has already publicly confessed her faith in Christ and 
 received Christian baptism. 
 
 " China. — The largest Chinese Mission connected with the Society is 
 in the British colony of Singapore, and includes a boarding school, two 
 ragged schools, prayer meetings, mothers' meetings, Bible classes, sewing 
 classes, and visiting the women in their homes. Miss Cooke, the Society's 
 valued Missionary here, has had much to encourage and cheer her during 
 the past year in her Chinese Girls' School, and the missionary work carried 
 on in connection with it. The school has been full, the number of pupils 
 has been forty; and four Christian girls have been happily married. Miss 
 Cooke has been ably assisted in her work by Miss Ryan and Miss Foster, 
 who have labored with her, the former for twenty-two, the latter for three 
 years; and also by seven native missionaries, trained in her own school. 
 
 "Miss Cooke has been permitted this year to send forth another mis- 
 sionary to China, Wee Inn, who, twenty years ago, was, as Miss Cooke 
 describes, ' bought by Malay sailors in China, brought to Singapore, to 
 be brought up and sold again as a slave. The police brought her to this 
 school. God said to me, 'Take this child, nurse and educate her for Me.' 
 Wee Inn sailed for China on November 26th to join Miss Houston at Foo- 
 chow. She is believed to be the first Chinese woman who has gone out as 
 a missionary unmarried. Miss Cooke states that there are four more young 
 women in her school, well qualified for missionary work, whom she could 
 send forth in the same way. The Committee consider that the Chinese 
 Girls' School is thus eminently fulfilling one great object of its establish- 
 ment, namely, the preparation and employment of native agency. 
 
 " South Africa. — A passing glance at one of the Society's Stations 
 in South Africa is all that can now be given. Miss Sturrockand her niece 
 have furnished very full and interesting accounts of the work which, 
 
CHURCH OF ENGLAND. I85 
 
 with true zeal and devotedness, they continue to carry on at Peelton, Kaf- 
 firland. The commodious school house, for which MissSturrock herself col- 
 lected the greater part of the funds, has been completed, and opened under 
 the name of Shaftesbury Hall, as a memorial of the valuable support ob- 
 tained for the undertaking through the influence of the Earl of Shaftesbury 
 during her last visit to England. It is an interesting fact that one of the 
 first visitors to Miss Sturrock's new school house, was the Hon. Cecil Ash- 
 ley, Lord Shaftesbury's youngest son. Mr. Ashley lays particular stress 
 on missionary agency. The Government Inspector has testified to the ef- 
 ficiency of the school by recommending an increased grant; but there is 
 cause for very serious anxiety respecting the safety of this station, which is 
 situated close to the districts disturbed by the Kaffir war. The Committee 
 earnestly ask their friends to join them in prayer that He who only can 
 ' make wars to cease,' will preserve their valued missionaries in safety, and 
 not allow this important work to suffer from ' the wrath of man.* 
 
 " In conclusion, it must be repeated that the Committee allow of no 
 mere secular education, but their missionaries are required to point all 
 their pupils, whether in Zenanas or in schools, to the ' Lamb of God which 
 taketh away the sin of the world,' and to give daily instruction in the 
 Word of God. The Committee, therefore, taking their stand on the ground 
 of pure Protestant evangelical teaching for all alike, whether 'Barbarian, 
 Scythian, bond or free,' call upon the Lord's people to assist them in their 
 work; first, by earnest prayer for their missionaries, and for those amongst 
 whom they labor, and secondly, by devising ' liberal things' on their be- 
 half. The time for work may be but short, and they would therefore urge 
 the consideration of the apostle's injunction on the subject of Christian lib- 
 erality, — 'Now, therefore, perform the doing of it; that, as there was a 
 readiness to will, so there may be a performance also out of that which we 
 have." 
 
 The Rev. Mr. Shaffter from Madras, said that he was proud to have 
 been connected with Mission work in India for a quarter of a century. His 
 father, he said, was the first missionary sent out to Tinnevelly, and per- 
 haps he could not do better than contrast the condition of the women of 
 that district in 1S27, when his father went out, and now. At that time, they 
 were steeped in ignorance and superstition, and there was an almost insup- 
 erable objection on the part of even educated natives to allow their wives 
 
1 86 woman's missionary societies. 
 
 or daughters to be educated. They thought that education, instead of be- 
 ing an advantage to their women, would be a positive drawback. One 
 Hindoo of high caste, on being asked why he did not have his girls educa- 
 ted, replied that he found them difficult enough to manage as it was, and 
 he did not know what they would become if they were taught reading, 
 writing and arithmetic. From their birth there was no regard paid to them, 
 and they grew up without the slightest intellectual or spiritual cultivation, 
 and spent their lives for the most part in idle gossip and in the admiration 
 of the jewelry with which almost every part of their bodies were adorned. 
 Their marriage was a matter of pecuniary arrangement with their father, 
 who positively sold them to the suitor who would give him the most mon- 
 ey; and the ceremony, when ittook place, was marked by feasting of such 
 an extravagant kind that the family oftentimes remained in debt for years 
 afterwards. After the feasting was over, the married life of the Hindoo 
 girl or woman was little better than slavery. She was treated by her hus- 
 band, as a matter of course, as altogether an inferior being; and when he 
 went on a journey, did not dare even to sit with her feet pointins; in the same 
 direction as her husband had gone. If she should unhappily become a 
 widow, it was her duty at one time, to sacrifice herself on her husband's 
 funeral pyre, and even now, in those districts where the influence of Chris- 
 tianity had not made itself felt, her head was shaved, she was deprived of 
 all her jewelry, excluded from society, and altogether treated as if she 
 were not fit to live. The only native women who acquired any knowledge 
 at all, were the nautch-girls who attended in the pagodas or temples, and 
 danced in front of the idols on special occasions. These were known as 
 "the wives of the gods," and one reason, not without weight, why some 
 natives would not have females of their family educated, was a fear that 
 they might have them considered as nautch-girls. To deal with such a 
 state of society as that was very uphill work for the missionaries, who at 
 first commenced work with the children. But they soon found that home 
 influences of the mothers completely counteracted whatever good was done 
 in the school, and became convinced that the only way to success lay through 
 the women, and the Society for Promoting Female Education in the East 
 was the first society which came to their help, and the girls whom they 
 were thus enabled to train and educate, had proved of the utmost value. 
 
 After working in Tinnevelly he was removed to a district near Madras, 
 containing about one million inhabitants in two or three thousand villages. 
 
CAURCII OF ENGLAND. iS/ 
 
 Here his wife, aided by the Society for Promoting Female Education in the 
 East, commenced Zenana work, which was, however, hindered at first by 
 the superstition of the natives, who spread all kinds of absurd rumors as 
 to their objects and intentions. Gradually, however, the work grew, and 
 as the result of three or four years' labor, there were over twenty Hindoo 
 women now receiving instruction in that district. As to the method of in- 
 struction in the truths of Christianity, he found from experience that it 
 was by far the best plan to commence with the Scriptures, and not lead up 
 to them through secular instruction; for when the Bible was first intro- 
 duced, no matter how far advanced the pupils may be in secular instruc- 
 tion, they regarded it with as much suspicion as they would had it been 
 brought to their notice at first. 
 
 Mr. Shaffter went on to give several instances within his own knowl- 
 edge of permanent good resulting from the work of the agents of the Soci- 
 ety, one particularly striking one being the case of a village of demon wor- 
 shippers, the inhabitants of which had embraced Christianity. After under- 
 goingwith great firmness fierce persecutions from the heathen by whom they 
 were surrounded, smallpox broke out among them, and they were taunted 
 by the remarks of their neighbors that the demons whom they had forsak- 
 en were taking their revenge. At length the smallpox left them, but in a 
 few months there was a virulent outbreak of cholera, which, together with 
 the continued mockery of their heathen neighbors, sorely tried their faith, 
 and led some of them to think that God had forsaken them. But through 
 the noble and heroic example of a native woman who had been converted 
 through the agency of this Society, and who exhorted her companions to 
 continue firm in their Christianity, they were safely brought through this 
 additional trial and became the centre of a vast amount of beneficent in- 
 fluence on the surrounding villages. 
 
 The Rev. F. Bellamy, of Nazareth, next addressed the meeting. He 
 said that in Palestine the work of the Society for Promoting Female Edu- 
 cation in the East, was thecomplement of the work of the Church Mission- 
 ary Society, for it would be impossible for the work of the one to be com- 
 plete in any one place without the aid of the other. The Church Mission- 
 ary Society had enough to do without taking up the education of the girls, 
 which, besides, seemed to him to be a work in which ladies should be spe- 
 cially engaged. In Nazareth the two societies were working together com- 
 pletely and well; and if he might be allowed to express an opinion frrmed 
 
i88 woman's missionary societies. 
 
 from considerable experience, no greater prudence and judgment could be 
 displayed than that exercised by the agents of this Society in Palestine. 
 The Society's orphanage in Nazareth, the inmates of which received a 
 thoroughly industrial trainmg, was an excellent institution, healthily sit- 
 uated, and economically managed. One important element of success in 
 the management of this, as well as other missionary institutions, was not 
 to interfere with nature's habits and customs so long as they were not con- 
 trary to cleanliness and social propriety. Altogether, the Society in Pal- 
 estine was doing a great and good work. 
 
 The Rev. Dr. Boultbee, Principal of St. John's College, Highbury, 
 made a short statement which he said was supplementary to the interest- 
 ing Report which had been read, and which showed in a way which was 
 most gratifying that the good seed was being sown the wide world over. 
 In the first place he had to announce that in connection with the Society, a 
 lady had gone out to Japan, a country which gave promise of a remarkable 
 future, and which offered a very favorable field for the operations of the So- 
 ciety. Then he had also to state that three more English ladies were being 
 trained for Zenana work in India, and every one who knew how much 
 the future of that greatcountrydepended upon its women, must regard such 
 a fact as this as one of very great importance. Lastly, he wished to men- 
 tion a matter of very touching interest, and that was, that the widow and 
 daughter of the late Bishop Smith, of Hong Kong, had offered themselves 
 to the Society, to be employed in God's work on the scene of her late hus- 
 band's self-denying labors. This was a striking and touching instance of 
 devotion to missionary work, which could not languish while such noble 
 self-denial existed. Something of the same spirit must have prompted the 
 Hon. Cecil Ashley, the son of their noble Chairman, to write the interest- 
 ing letter on behalf of the Kaffir population of South Africa, regarding 
 whose capacities and condition he had made such pains-taking investiga- 
 tions. Could Mrs. Smith and her daughter speak their own thoughts on 
 this matter, they would probably be those which good Bishop Patterson 
 had given expression to, and they were to the following effect: "Don't 
 make out that in devoting ourselves to missionary work we are such great 
 heroes; for it is in reality very little that we are thereby doing for God." 
 That may, however, said Dr. Boultbee, be all very well for missionaries 
 themselves to say, but when such friends offered themselves, they could 
 only express their gratitude to God, and ask themselves, whether, if they 
 
CHURCH OF ENGLAND. 1 89 
 
 could not offer personal service, they were doing all they could to help for- 
 ward the work of those who did. 
 
 The Rev. W. T. Sattianadan, a native clergyman of the English Church 
 from Madras, said that he had not been in England more than a month, 
 but he found that a very erroneous opinion respecting tlie women of his 
 country prevailed among all classes of society. This was probably due to 
 the want of an accurate knowledge of the early history of India, which 
 showed that the native women were not always in so degraded a condition 
 as had been described by Mr. Schaffter. During the last five hundred years, 
 Indian history might be divided into three periods — the Hindoo, Mohamme- 
 dan, and English. In the Hindoo period, the female portion of the popu- 
 lation were in a condition which might fairly be called noble. They were 
 then educated, and learning was much valued among them. Even to this 
 day one of the poems of a poetess of that age was sung in the country, and 
 this poem inculcated the principle that a learned man should be happier 
 than a monarch, for while the latter only received honor in his own coun- 
 try, the former received it in whatever part of the world he chose to go. 
 Mr. Sattianadan excited great interest by singing a stanza of this poem in 
 the native language. In the Hindoo period, too, the women had a voice in 
 choosing their own husbands, and exercising it too. But all this was 
 changed with the irruption of the Mahommedans. With them came degra- 
 dation and retrogression. The Mohammedans kept their wonien shut up 
 in their Zenanas, and partly by the force of example and partly by tlie fear 
 of molestation and insult from their conquerors, the Hindoos gradually 
 adopted the same system. Then came the English period, and it was soon 
 seen that any effort to raise India in the scale of nations, must, to be suc- 
 cessful, devote considerable attention to the improvement of the condition 
 of the women. This was what the missionary societies were doing, and 
 one of the most successful of these societies was the Society for Promoting 
 Female Education in the East. India, be thought, had peculiar claims 
 upon England. God, in his providence, had intrusted this country with 
 the charge of India, something in the same way as Pharaoh's daughter in- 
 trusted the child Moses to Jochebed, saying, "Take this child and nurse it, 
 and I will pay thee thy wages." Between the two countries a close tie ex- 
 isted, and the tendency of recent events was to make that tie closer than 
 ever, for had we not summoned Indian soldiers to fight in conjunction with 
 our own troops, the armies of the Czar? However, he trusted that the 
 
IQO WOMAN S MISSIONARY SOCIETIES. 
 
 ladies of England would do their best to raise the women of India to their 
 own happj" condition. Considerable progress in this good work had al- 
 ready been made, and his wife (who, as the onlj daughter of the Rev. 
 John Devasagavan, an agent of the Church Missionary Society, lielongs 
 to a fourth generation of Hindoo Christians) had in connection with the 
 {■Society twenty Zenanas under her supervision in four of the suburbs of 
 Madras. These contained in all, fifty young ladies belonging to the upper 
 classes of Hindoo society, Brahmins included. As an instance of the 
 good resulting from the Society's work, he might mention that one of these 
 young ladies, becoming convinced of the truth of Christianity, expressed 
 a desire for instruction preparatory to baptism. Notwithstanding the en- 
 treaties of her relatives, she remained firm, received the rite of baptism, be- 
 came a teacher in the school, and was eventually married to a young native 
 Christian. About three years after her marriage she was stricken with a 
 serious illness, during which sad time she showed her love for the Word of 
 God, by urging all her visitors to read to her from the Bible. This was her 
 chief delight, and she frequently stated that her whole trust was in God. 
 Her illness terminated fatally, but before her death she intrusted her only 
 child to his and his wife's care, with the request that she should be " brought 
 up for Jesus." Other similar instances had come under his personal obser- 
 vation. 
 
 In conclusion, the Rev. Gentleman said that the Gospel which had 
 raised England, would also raise India. When he read English history, he 
 found that England at the commencement of that history was in a state of 
 degradation, but now, through her Christianity, she was in the forefront 
 of the nations of the world. He, therefore, earnestly hoped and prayed 
 that the power of God's Holy Spirit would eventually raise India to the 
 same pinnacle of honor and glory. 
 
 Extracts from addresses of the Earl of Shaftesbury are as fol- 
 lows : — 
 
 The testimony given by a native clergyman from Madras, shows from 
 his knowledge of the history of his own country, that the women of India 
 were not always in the degraded state in which they are now. I had heard 
 that from others and also from a great many Hindoos who have bewailed 
 the sorrows and afflictions of their land. I believe the Hindoos W3re in a 
 far better condition before the irruption of the Mohammedans. That great 
 invasion altered their social system, degraded them to the position of slaves, 
 
CHURCH OF ENGLAND. 
 
 191 
 
 and above all things affected their social domestic system by the introduc- 
 tion of polygamy. I remember perfectly well a great number of Hindoos 
 being assembled at my house who spoke with earnestness about the 
 vast importance of the regeneration of India. They all said that the first 
 step to be taken by the Government in authority, was to interdict polygamy 
 by force of law. Of course they declared it was not a Hindoo system, but 
 was forced upon them by the Mohammedans; and they trusted that the 
 Government having succeeded in superseding the government of the Mo- 
 hammedans, would also restore them to their pristine social purity. It 
 is very evident that wherever Mohammedanism goes it withers and mil- 
 dews everything it touches. For the last four hundred years they have 
 cursed the finest provinces the sun ever shone upon. However, it is de- 
 clining, and we trust the whole thing will evaporate very shortly. Still, 
 it has left a stain on the Hindoo mind, and it is for us to do what we can to 
 restore the Hindoo people to their old independence. We have great hopes 
 that this may be done when we consider the character of the Hindoo in 
 time past, and how they then manifested many domestic virtues. There 
 is no reason why, by your efforts, and with God's blessing, they may not 
 be brought back. But the difficulties are very great, and there are ten 
 thousand obstacles in your way. You have to deal with degraded material 
 upon which you can operate with little effect. I believe this is the case, 
 in South India particularly, with respect to the female sex. Although 
 woman externally, when she goes out to the market or the bazaar is an ab- 
 solute slave, the moment she enters the house she becomes absolute mis- 
 tress; therefore, as you have been told, your great object is to get posses- 
 sion of the women, for they exercise the greatest influence within the 
 family, and are in themselves, at the present moment, most antagonistic to 
 the progress of Christianity. Now you have undertaken that which is 
 specially your work. The subject is so complicated, and the things to be 
 done are so various, that no mind is capable of directing itself to the whole 
 of these. It must be done step by step, and by your minds and hearts be- 
 ing applied to some one special object. You have chosen this mode of in- 
 troducing moral and spiritual life to the women of India, and you have 
 chosen wisely. Everybody must see that if you can, by God's blessing, 
 infuse into their minds Christian principles and the knowledge of the Gos- 
 pel, it stands to reason that you have secured a great element of power. 
 The mother, of necessity, is absolute over the child for many years. She 
 
192 WOMAN S MISSIONARY SOCIETIES. 
 
 inculcates the principles of morality and true religion. They may for 
 a time be obliterated, but they are never altogether eflaced, and very often 
 they return near the close of life in all their original force. * » * 
 
 It is no longer possible to question the necessity of missions. I am 
 old enough to recollect how people tabooed the duty of spreading Christian- 
 ity among the heathen. All that is gone. The only argument we have 
 now, and I hear it sometimes, is, that we may be neglecting our own 
 country. But we do not. Now I wish to lay down this great principle : 
 that we do a very great deal for our own country rf we do all that we can 
 for other countries. We do a great deal for England, spiritually if we 
 carry the Gospel to foreign lands. We do a great deal for England social- 
 ly if we improve the social condition of other countries. We do much 
 for England commercially if we raise the status of the people of other 
 countries. In every way in which you can advance foreign Missions 
 you are advancing the people of your own country. We know very well 
 how much we depend on other countries. * * * "phe great in- 
 terests of England are wrapped up in the great temporal and eternal inter- 
 ests of the whole body of mankind. Therefore I am promoting the truest 
 patriotism when I do everything I can to support such institutions as these, 
 and thus raise the whole generation of the human race to a far higher level 
 than it has yet attained. 
 
 Thank God for the operations of Societies such as this; and when we 
 look at the vast number of these spread all over England, and throughout 
 the world, and contrast this with the state of things sixty or seventy years 
 ago, we see what mighty results may be achieved. People are impatient 
 for results, forgetting that what is not seen is very often far greater than 
 that which is seen. But whatever may be the apparent results, let us go 
 forward ; at any rate there will be one great consolation to know that 
 through the efforts you have been making there have been many more 
 hearts to desire and voices to pray for the second idvent of our blessed 
 Lord. 
 
European Missionaries now employed ty this Society, 
 
 WITH DATE OF THEIR APPOINTMENT AND PRESENT ADDRESS. 
 
 Miss Harding',. .....•..*......••..*•..........•..•.........>.......... ..South Africa, 1841. 
 
 " Asten Capetown, 1S43. 
 
 ** Cooke, Singapore, 1853. 
 
 " Packer, Calcutta, 1854 Orissa, 1865. 
 
 ** Ryan, Singapore, 1S55. 
 
 " Hicks Shemlan, Lebanon, 1S59. 
 
 " Jerrom Amritsur, Punjaub, 1S60..... Lodiana, 1867. 
 
 " Jacombs Shemlan,|S63 Sidon, i863 Bethlehem, 1878. 
 
 ** Oxlad Hong Kong, 1863 Osaka,Tapan, 1877. 
 
 " Sturrock Peelton, South Africa, 1863. 
 
 " Stainton, Shemlan, 1864.... Nazareth, 1S67... .Sidon, 1S71... .Bethlehem, 187S. 
 
 " Houston, Singapore, 1S64 Fowchow, 1875. 
 
 " Adie Beyrout, 1868 Jerusalem, 1871. 
 
 " Andrews ............Lodiana, Punjaub, 1S09. 
 
 " Davidson, (Honorary), Agra, North India, 1869. 
 
 *' Challis,..., Nazareth, 1871 Shemlan, 1875. 
 
 " Tanner Nazareth, 1871. 
 
 " Leigh, Cuttack, Orissa, Eastlndies, 1873. 
 
 * <* Mdlle. Pousaz, Zenana work. Delhi, 1872. 
 
 *' Dickson 1874. 
 
 •* Foster, Sin^pore, 1874. 
 
 '* Johnstone Hong Kong, IS74. 
 
 *' Robinson, Mauritius, 1875. 
 
 " Greenfield, Lodiana, 1875. 
 
 «« Thorn Delhi, 1875. 
 
 " £. Sturrock Peelton, iS??. 
 
 " Eyre 1876W 
 
 " West, Lodiana, 1S77. 
 
 " Deidrickson Pckin, 1877. 
 
 " Bland, Delhi, 1875. 
 
 " Collas, Hakodate, Japan. 
 
 •• Read, 
 
 * At home. 
 
 193 
 
WOMAN'S UNION MISSIONARY SOCIETY. 
 
 ORIGIN OF SOCIETY. 
 
 In 1S34, the Rev. David Abeel presented to the women of 
 the churches of New York, the deplorable condition of their 
 heathen sisters, and stimulated them to organize a Society to work 
 in their behalf. A similar effort had been previously made in 
 England, and the " Society for the Promotion of Female Educa- 
 tion in the East," still in existence, was the result. The Society 
 in New York was abandoned at the urgent request of Church 
 Boards. Mrs. T. C. Doremus was the moving spirit of this effort, 
 having been interested in organized mission work since 1828, 
 and its purpose was prayerfully cherished in her heart, during 
 the quarter of a century that elapsed, before the organization of 
 the Woman's Union Missionary Society, which may truly be said 
 to be the visible fruit of the seed that had lain buried so many 
 years. 
 
 In i860, Mrs. Francis B. Mason, a missionary from Burmah, 
 came to the Bible Society with the sad story of the wants and 
 woes of heathen women, anxious to arouse American women to 
 direct their energies in labors for them. During a visit in Boston, 
 her earnest appeals resulted in the formation there of a society 
 by nine ladies, in November, of that year, which subsequently 
 became auxiliary to the New York Society incorporated Feb. 
 1861. Mrs. T. C. Doremus was appointed its first President, 
 194 
 
UNION. IQC 
 
 and never did any cause have a more loving heart and ready hand 
 enlisted in its service. Already so well known as the missionary's 
 friend, the union element in this work responded to the catholic 
 spirit that had always animated her and aflbrded the frequent and 
 well improved opportunity of doing loving service to the ministers 
 of Christ for the Master's sake. Embracing all evangelical de- 
 nominations of Christian women, who might work independently 
 of Church Boards, its object was to form a direct channel whereby 
 single women, untrammelled by the duties of wives and mothers, 
 might Christianize exclusively heathen women for whom no other 
 mode of elevation was practicable. 
 
 FIRST FIELD — BURMAH. 
 
 The field first selected was Toungoo, Burmah, where Miss 
 Marston, the first missionar}', was sent in November, iS6i. In 
 1S64, Miss Marston was obliged, in consequence of failing health, 
 to remove to Rangoon, where she took charge of a Burmese 
 girls' school, already in successful operation. But in 1S65, this 
 change not producing the benefit hoped for, she returned to her 
 native land. Two missionaries were subsequently sent to Bur- 
 mah, — Miss S. J. Higby and Miss Le F^vr^, the former to labor 
 among the Karens and the latter among the Burmans at Bassein. 
 During the first year of the Society's existence, the support of 
 four Bible Readers in India, China and Burmah, was given, and 
 a lady in Japan was aided in her first efforts in teaching Japanese 
 girls. 
 
 CALCUTTA. 
 
 In the spring of 1862, labors in Calcutta commenced by the 
 employment of a highly educated Christian girl. Miss Gomez, 
 as Bible Reader in hospitals. This was followed July ist, 1S62, 
 by the appointment of Miss II. G. Brittan as a teacher in the 
 
196 . woman's missionary societies. 
 
 Zenanas of India,a name now almost a household word, but then 
 as unknown in America as are its inmates to the eyes of strangers. 
 Miss Brittan has been joined at various times by fifteen mission- 
 aries from this country, while the work has been most effectively 
 aided by the services of fifty other ladies employed on the field. 
 
 The work in Calcutta centres about the Mission Home 
 premises, purchased by the Society, from which go forth daily 
 the missionaries to the Zenanas and schools, thus reaching yearly 
 an average of eight hundred pupils, with perhaps tenfold the 
 number of listeners. Here, an orphanage has been established 
 which has given to one hundred children the influences and train- 
 ing of the Christian family ; and here was organized the first 
 child's hospital in India, under the supervision of Miss M. F. 
 Seelye, M. D., whose early death brought deep sorrow to those 
 who had witnessed with eager anticipations her consecration to 
 her professional and missionary work. 
 
 ALLAHABAD. 
 
 In the spring of 1868, as an outgrowth of the work in Cal- 
 cutta, a home was opened in Allahabad, and at a later date 
 premises were bought. Here, under the successive supervision 
 of Miss Wilson, Miss Hook, Miss Lathrop and Miss Ward, in- 
 struction has been given in the Zenanas of Bengalis, Hindustanis 
 and Mussulmans. In this field have been made available with 
 encouraging success, the services of girls educated in the Calcutta 
 orphanage, who have developed into good. Christian teachers for 
 the little native children here gathered into schools. To such a 
 degree has the work here been prospered, that the Zenana work 
 now equals in extent that of Calcutta. 
 
 At Rajpore, a few miles from Calcutta, for some years our 
 missionaries were quietly working; and during the last jear in 
 
UNION. 
 
 197 
 
 answer to petitions sent, to do more for the educations of the girls, 
 the work has been much enlarged and strengthened, the govern- 
 ment having given ground for erecting mission premises. 
 
 PEKING, CHINA. 
 
 The selection of Peking, China, as a third mission station, was 
 made, and Jan. 9, 1S69, three missionaries, Mrs. Binncy, Miss 
 Domo and Miss Adams, were sent out. , Six others have follow- 
 ed them to this field ; and the slow work of instilling the truths 
 of the Gospel into the minds of the Chinese, and helping them to 
 throw off the shackles of old habits and superstition, is going on 
 under the supervision of Miss Colburn and Miss Burnett, to whom 
 has recently been sent Miss Kirkley. Not the least of the work 
 accomplished in this most difficult field of labor has been the trans- 
 lation and sending forth, by Miss North, one of our representa- 
 tives, of some of our most effective tracts and Christian reading 
 for the millions of this vast empire. 
 
 SMYRNA. 
 
 _n 1S69, a school in Smyrna, taught by the Misses Siragan- 
 ian, was adopted, and for several years supported. These ladies 
 have been recently pursuing a course of medical instruction in 
 this country to fit them for greater usefulness among their coun- 
 trywomen. 
 
 JAPAN — YOKOHAMA. 
 
 In May, 1S71, three missionaries, Mrs. S. Pruyn, Mrs. L. 
 Pierson and Miss J. Crosby, went forth under the auspices of this 
 Society to establish a Home at Yokohama, Japan. They went 
 in the confidence that it was God's voice that called them, and 
 " the work begun and prosecuted in Japan, stands out as a testi- 
 mony for God, more than anything else that Christian loyalty has 
 
198 woman's missionary societies. 
 
 planted there." Nine missionaries have, from time to time, been 
 added to the number first sent out. In the school at the " Home," 
 premises owned by the Society, fifty girls are laying broad and 
 deep the foundations of a Christian education, while twelve are re- 
 ceiving special instruction for Bible Readers ; and thus through 
 the missionary and the native teacher there is ever going forth an 
 influence which shall yet help to fire this island of the Pacific 
 with the praises of the -true God and of Christ His Son. 
 
 GREECE — ATHENS, CYPRUS. 
 
 August 15, 1871, Miss M. Kyle commenced a work in Athens, 
 co-operating with Dr. Kalapothakes. This effort was crowned 
 with the success which the ability and the consecration of Miss 
 Kyle warranted the expectation ; a success which ultimately prov- 
 ed its overthrow, as exciting the jealousy of the Greek hierarchy, 
 who peremptorily ordered the dismissal of the school. Mrs. 
 Fluhart, who had joined Miss Kyle and had succeeded to the care 
 of the school, then opened a new mission at Cyprus, where she is 
 now endeavoring to establish the work. Four other ladies en- 
 gaged on the ground aided in the work in Athens. 
 
 SUMMARY. 
 
 During the eighteen years ending Dec. 31, 187S, the Society 
 has employed 93 missionaries, of whom 40 have been sent out 
 from this country ; it has employed 165 native Bible Readers ; es- 
 tablished and aided 76 schools ; supported and educated 256 girls 
 by special gifts. Receipts in America, $494,912.29 ; receipts in 
 Foreign lands, $66,000. 
 
 In the prosecution of this Woman's Work for Women, the 
 aid of Branches, Auxiliaries and Mission Bands, springing up all 
 over our land, has been give.x. In Boston, Philadelphia, Albany, 
 
UNION. IQQ 
 
 Cincinnati, Chicago, Louisville, St. Louis and many another place, 
 noble work has been clone by Christian women, much of it by con- 
 secrated, individual effort. The Mission Bands which have gath- 
 ered in a large army of youthful helpers, have given a new im- 
 pulse to mission work, which we hope will be perpetuated till the 
 earth is filled with the knowledge of the Lord. 
 
 In giving this sketch of the origin and growth of the Woman's 
 Union Missionary Society, it is important that it be not measured 
 by the work of any similar Society. For, first ^ as contributions 
 to denominational Boards were not to be diverted, support could 
 only be expected from individual effort ; second^ as no paid officers 
 were employed, the interests of this cause have been sustained by 
 many, who could only devote such time and strength as personal 
 duties permitted. 
 
 The Union Society has held the position of a young, inex- 
 perienced being, who, seeking to fulfil his responsibilities in God's 
 service, carves out His life work alone, step by step, struggling 
 amid many hindrances and discouragements. This labor of love 
 God has owned in a peculiar manner, and not the least of its fruits 
 has been the outgrowth of the " Women's Boards," whose praise 
 is in all the churches. Among the special reasons commending 
 the Woman's Union Missionary Society are : — 
 
 1st. It opened a way and established a precedent in mission 
 work which, from the first, God has wonderfully blessed, preserv- 
 ed, and prospered. 
 
 2d. It seeks literally nothing but the spread of Jesus' name 
 and the enlightenment and blessing to woman which ever follows 
 the knowledge of His name. 
 
 3d. It occupies fields, and has achieved some of its largest 
 success, where no one denomination in this country could gain an 
 entrance. 
 
200 "woman's missionary societies. 
 
 4th. It represents every evangelical denomination, and its 
 foreign property has been the donation of them all, for one com- 
 mon purpose. 
 
 5th. It was commenced and has been carried on by volun 
 tary workers and unsalaried officers — a free-will offering of love. 
 
UNION. 201 
 
 Woman's Union Missionary Society, 1879-83. 
 
 Our work abroad has taken many forward steps during these 
 four years. Among the most prominent stands the establishment 
 of work at 
 
 CAWNPORE, INDIA. 
 
 Upon Miss Ward's return to India, October, 1879, after a sum- 
 mer of rest in this country, she, with Miss Gardner, opened a new 
 station at this historic point, and the work has grown apace. In 
 addition to zenana teaching and schools, among which over four 
 hundred pupils are instructed, peculiar forms of labor have arisen 
 in response to the loving zeal of the workers. 
 
 At the ghats, or bathing-places for women, the missionaries, 
 twice each week, talk and sing to the hundreds who gather about 
 them, distributing Bengali tracts, and illustrating their songs and 
 stories by pictures of Bible scenes, thus literally sowing seed beside 
 the waters. 
 
 In the jail, many lonely hearts are touched by the story of for- 
 giving love which our missionaries carry to them ; and among the 
 sick and suffering women in the hospitals, the same story of the 
 Great Healer is told from week to week, and sin-sick souls are 
 made whole in Him. 
 
 Our mission at Peking was removed in September, 1881, to 
 
 shanghai, china, 
 
 where property left us years ago by Mrs. Bridgman has at length 
 fallen into our hands. No sooner were the ladies started in their 
 new home than Miss Colburn, their head, was fatally attacked by 
 fever. Her two co-workers, after a visit to this country for needed 
 rest, returned to Shanghai, October, 1882 ; and Mrs. Pruyn, for- 
 
202 WOMAN S MISSIONARY SOCIETIES. 
 
 merly stationed in Japan, was led to join them. She gave two 
 years to the development of this mission. We are hoping soon to 
 found a hospital in connection with it. 
 
 The large increase in number and success of Sunday schools 
 in all our stations is a marked feature during these later years. 
 
 At home the year 1882 has been a memorable one, as it 
 marked the attainment of our "majority." In commemoration of 
 twenty-one years of labor, all our friends were summoned to the 
 anniversary in February. Two precious days were spent in "re- 
 counting the mercies," expressions of thanks, and songs of praise 
 that "thus far the Lord has led us on." Previous to this, a call 
 was issued for " memorial gifts," resulting in the sum of nearly 
 $10,000, given mainly in small sums and from all parts of the 
 country, with which to equip new workers and strengthen our sta- 
 tions in India. 
 
 A generous legacy, four times larger than any ever before 
 received, has also marked the year, and we are encouraged to press 
 on in this blessed endeavor. 
 
 The Society has sustained loi missionaries in 12 different sta- 
 tions, of whom 43 were sent from America, and 58 were supported 
 on the field. It has sustained or aided 84 schools; has supported 
 174 Bible-readers and 278 children. It has sent contributions to 
 aid the work in 62 outside stations : of which in India, 15 ; in 
 Burmah, 6 ; in China, 13 ; in Siam, i ; in Syria, 6 ; in Turkey, 7 ; 
 in Japan, 2 ; in Africa, 6 ; in Mexico, 4; in California, i; in Paris, i. 
 
 The aggregate amount of receipts from the formation of the 
 Society in 1861 to Dec. 31, 1882, is $741,939.19. 
 
 The total value of property in all foreign stations amounts to 
 $40,000. 
 
Missionaries of the Union Missionary Societyi 
 
 Appointed. 
 
 Name. 
 
 Field. 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 28, 1861. 
 
 Miss S. H. Marston. 
 
 Burmah, Tounghoo. 
 
 Returned ; in this country. 
 
 Nov. 
 
 9, 1867. 
 
 " S. J. Higby. 
 
 " Bassein. 
 
 Haptist Mission, Rangoon. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 10, iS6g. 
 
 " S. S. LeFevre. 
 
 H It 
 
 Kelurned; in this country. 
 
 May 
 
 21, 1863. 
 
 '• H.G. Brittan. 
 
 India,* Calcutta. 
 
 Methodist Protestant Mission. 
 
 Sept. 
 
 18, 1S65. 
 
 " M. Nottingham. 
 
 " " 
 
 Married in India. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 9, 1867. 
 
 " M. Wilson. 
 
 " Allahabad. 
 
 Deceased. 
 
 Sept. 
 
 II, 1867. 
 
 " L. M. Hook. 
 
 " Calcutta. 
 
 On the field. 
 
 " 
 
 " " 
 
 " C. Norris. 
 
 (1 i< 
 
 Deceased. 
 
 April 
 
 13, 1870. 
 
 « G. R. Ward. 
 " M. Lathrop. 
 
 " Cawnpore. 
 " Allahabad. 
 
 On the field. 
 
 Sept. 
 
 lo, 1870. 
 
 " E. Chase. 
 
 " Calcutta. 
 
 Deceased. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 9, 1870. 
 
 " M. Butler. 
 
 " " 
 
 Married. 
 
 Dec. 
 
 14, 1870. 
 
 " S. C. Seward. 
 
 " Allahabad. 
 
 Presbyterian Mission. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 16, 1S71. 
 
 " E. M. Guthrie. 
 
 
 Deceased. 
 
 
 1871. 
 
 " Seelye. M.D. 
 
 " Calcutta. 
 
 " 
 
 Sept. 
 
 16, 1S74. 
 
 •' E. G. Marston. 
 
 
 On the field. 
 
 " 
 
 " •• 
 
 " J. Kimball. 
 
 i( « 
 
 Returned. 
 
 «' 
 
 22, " 
 
 " E. L. Woodward. 
 
 
 •' 
 
 Oct. 
 
 16, 1876. 
 
 " A. A. Jones. 
 
 " Allahabad. 
 
 Married. 
 
 Sept., 
 
 1879. 
 
 " S. F. Gardner. 
 
 " Cawnpore. 
 
 On the field. 
 
 Sept. 
 
 9, 1868. 
 
 Mrs. C. V. R. Bonney. 
 
 China, Peking. 
 
 Retired. 
 
 Nov. 
 
 II, 186S. 
 
 Miss D. M. Douw. 
 
 It It 
 
 In this country. 
 
 Dec. 
 
 2, 1868. 
 
 " A. Adams. 
 
 it (I 
 
 Married. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 12, 1870. 
 
 " M. B. North. 
 
 ft <i 
 
 Returned ; ill health. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 9, 1870. 
 
 Mrs. L. E. C. Starr. 
 
 It ti 
 
 Deceased. 
 
 Sept. 
 
 10, 1S73. 
 
 " M. T. True. 
 
 It t( 
 
 Presbyterian Mission, Japan. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 10, 1875. 
 
 Miss M. K. Colbum. 
 " M. A. Burnett. 
 
 tt It 
 
 Deceased. 
 On the field. 
 
 «' 
 
 1878. 
 
 " A. E. Kirkby. 
 
 II It 
 
 '• 
 
 «' 
 
 6, 1871. 
 
 Mrs. M. Pruyn. 
 
 Japan, Yokohama.t 
 
 Transferred to Shanghai. 
 
 March 
 
 8, 1 87 1. 
 
 Miss J. N. Crosby. 
 Mrs. L. H. Pierson. 
 
 II It 
 
 On the field. 
 
 June 
 
 II, 1873. 
 
 " L. E. Benton. 
 
 II II 
 
 Married. 
 
 Sept. 
 
 16, 1S74. 
 
 Miss A. V. M.Maltby. 
 
 (1 It 
 
 " 
 
 May 
 
 13, 1S76. 
 
 " Sophia B. McNeal. 
 
 It II 
 
 Returned. 
 
 July 
 
 17, 1S77. 
 
 Mrs. Annie VieM. 
 Miss Nannie Fletcher. 
 
 " •! 
 
 On the field. 
 
 '« 
 
 <( It 
 
 " Mary Nelson. 
 
 ti 11 
 
 Married. 
 
 June 
 March 
 
 14, 1871. 
 
 " M. Kyle. 
 
 Greece, Athens.J 
 
 " 
 
 10, 1S75. 
 
 Mrs. S. T. Fluhart. 
 
 " '• 
 
 Cyprus. 
 
 
 
 Miss Bella Leybum. 
 
 II <i 
 
 In this country. 
 
 
 
 " N. Dawson. 
 
 It II 
 
 " 
 
 
 
 " J. Thatcher. 
 
 fi It 
 
 On the field. 
 
 
 
 " Anna Siraganian, ) 
 
 Smyrna. 
 
 Under other auspices. 
 
 
 
 " Oba Siraganian, j 
 
 
 
 * Besides these named, there have been employed on the India field, 50 ladies — English and 
 Eurasian — devoted Christian women and eflScient missionaries, 
 t One lady was employed on the Japan field. 
 t On this field, £our assistants have been employed. 
 
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Periodicals of Woman's Missionary Societies. 
 
 FEMALE MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCER. 
 
 Published by Society for Promoting Female Education in the East. 
 Address Miss Webb, 267 Vauxhall Bridge Road, London, England. 
 
 MISSIONARY LINK. 
 
 Published by Woman's Union Missionary Society. Price, 50 cents. 
 • Address, Miss Doremus, 47 East 21st St., New York, N. Y. 
 
 LIFE AND LIGHT. 
 
 Published by Woman's Boards of Missions. Price, 60 cents. Address, 
 Room No. I , Congregational Building, Boston, and Miss Pollock, 75 
 Madison St., Chicago, 111. 
 
 HEATHEN WOMAN'S FRIEND. 
 Published by Woman's Foreign Missionary Society. Price, 50 cents. 
 Address, Miss Walden, 38 Bromfield St., Boston, Mass. 
 
 WOMAN'S WORK FOR WOMAN. 
 Published by Woman's Presbyterian Board of Missions. Price, 60 
 cents. Address, Mrs. Massey, 1334 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, and 
 Mrs. Laflin, 48 McCormick Block, Chicago, 111. 
 
 OUR MISSION FIELD. 
 
 Published by Ladies' Board of Mission. Price, 50 cents. Address, 
 Miss Mary Parsons, Rye, N. Y. 
 
 HELPING HAND. 
 
 Published by Woman's Baptist Missionary Society, Boston, and Woman's 
 Baptist Missionary Society of the West. Price, 40 cents. Address, 
 W. G. Corthell, Tremont Temple, Boston, or Mrs. Brayman, 78 I2th 
 St., Chicago, 111. 
 
 MISSIONARY HELPER. 
 
 Published by Free Baptist Woman's Missionary Society. Price, 50 cents. 
 Address, Mrs. Brewster, 91 Smith St., Providence R. I. 
 
 WOMAN'S MISSIONARY ADVOCATE. 
 
 Published by Woman's Missionary Society of M. E. Church South. 
 Price, 50 cents. Address, Mrs. D. H. McGavock, Nashville, Tenn. 
 
 WOMAN'S EVANGEL. 
 
 Published by Woman's Missionary Association of the United Brethren in 
 Christ. Price, 75 cents. Address, Mrs. L. R. Keister, Dayton, Ohio. 
 
DATE DUE 
 
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