0F N* p JAN 26 1940 s S^O{Ji0ALS^V^/ PR 1195" .HPR7P m Parker h son. Ltd.. fjjGLSSH fk FOREIGN BOOKSELLERS, Zl. Broad StbseT, Oxford Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2019 with funding from Princeton Theological Seminary Library https://archive.org/details/cavalierpuritanOOroll 4 p CAVALIER AND PURITAN \v l CAVALIER AND PURITAN Ballads and Broadsides Illustrating the Period of the Great Rebellion i 640-1660 Edited with an Introduction Notes BY HYDER E. ROLLINS, Ph.D. Associate Professor of English , New York University THE NEW YORK UNIVERSITY PRESS 32 WAVERLY PLACE: NEW YORK CITY 1 9 2 3 0 COPYRIGHT I923 BY NEW YORK UNIVERSITY THE NEW YORK UNIVERSITY PRESS Arthur Huntington Nason, Ph.D., Director PRINTING HOUSE OF WILLIAM EDWIN RUDGE MOUNT VERNON, N. Y. TO EARLE BROWNELL BABCOCK “0 tu che onori e scienza ed arte ” PREFACE THE seventy-five ballads and verse broadsides in this book are reprinted by permission from collections in the Bodleian Library, the British Museum, and the Man¬ chester Free Reference Library. To the officials of these libraries cordial acknowledgment is made for this per¬ mission and for many other favors. Only one of the seventy-five broadsides has appeared in any modern bal¬ lad-book, and not more than six have been reprinted at any time or in any place. To some of them the subject- matter lends an interest disproportionate to their literary value ; several are pure doggerel ; but, on the other hand, not a few have considerable poetical merit. Not one, however, needs any apology if a reader loves, as Shake¬ speare did, “a ballad in print a-lifeT Probably the seventy- five broadsides and ballads give a more comprehensive view of the period of the interregnum than does any col¬ lection hitherto published. For a discussion of that matter reference may be made to the “Historical Sketch of the Broadside Ballad, 1640— 1660,” given in the general In¬ troduction. In every essential particular the texts of the broadsides have been reproduced exactly. No notice has been taken of broken or blurred type or of apostrophes that are turned the wrong way or printed upside down, but all other mis¬ prints are duly indicated. When emendations are made in spelling or punctuation, attention is called to them in the foot-notes; and as a general rule only unmistakable typographical errors are amended. Letters, words, or lines that are torn off the original sheets are restored conjec- turally between square brackets. Brackets are used, fur¬ thermore, in three cases to enclose ballad-titles that are CAVALIER AND PURITAN supplied because there are no titles at all in the originals. Arabic numerals for stanzas (in one case, No. 54, for lines) are an editorial addition; but where roman numer¬ als are used to mark stanzas they belong to the original texts. Titles and tunes have been normalized in printing, black-letter type being used uniformly for the former, italics for the latter. Finally, the woodcut illustrations have been reproduced without change. In this untouched condition they faithfully present the crude but attractive “art” that distinguished the broadside ballad. The separate introductions purpose to give the neces¬ sary bibliographical details and such other facts — when they can be ascertained — as may be essential for an understanding of the ballad, its author, and its tune. But no effort has been made to treat the historical background exhaustively or to pile up references and general notes. Where necessary, certain proper names mentioned in the texts are explained in foot-notes, but such further ex¬ planation of words and phrases as appears desirable has been made in the glossarial index. For the frankness of language used by the ballad-writers no apology is de¬ manded. With one slight exception (which is indicated in a foot-note) no attempt has been made to purify coarseness of diction. For various helpful suggestions about the manuscript or the proof-sheets or both, I am indebted to Professor W. P. Trent, of Columbia University, and to my col¬ leagues, Professor Albert S. Borgman, Professor Theo¬ dore F. Jones, and especially Professor Arthur H. Nason, the Director of the New York University Press. New York City, ^ July 1, 1923. CONTENTS Preface page vii Introduction: An Historical Sketch of the Broadside Ballad 1640-1660 . 3 1 . An Exact Description of the Manner How His Majesty and His Nobles Went to the Parliament on Monday, April 13, 1640. By Martin Parker. {wood) . 77 2. A True Subject’s Wish for the Happy Success of Our Royal Army (1640). By Martin Parker. {wood) . 83 3. Britain’s Honor in theTwo Valiant Welshmen Who Fought against Fifteen Thousand Scots (1640). By Martin Parker, {wood) . 89 4. News from Newcastle (1640). By Martin Parker. {MANCHESTER) . 95 3. Good News from the North (1640). By Martin Parker, {wood) . 100 6. The Great Turk’s Terrible Challenge This Year 164O. {MANCHESTER) . 1 07 7. A Pleasant New Song that Plainly Doth Show that All Are Beggars Both High and Low (1641 ?). By Humphrey Crouch. {Manchester) . 113 8. The True Manner of the Life and Death of Sir Thomas Wentworth (1641). By Laurence Price. (c.2o.f.2(8) ) . 1 19 9 . Keep Thy Head on Thy Shoulders and I Will Keep Mine (1641). By John Lookes. {Manchester) . . 125 I o. The Bishops’ Last Good-night (1642). {THOMASON) . I32 II. Thanks to the Parliament (1642). {luttrell) . . 139 I 2. A Godly Exhortation to This Distressed Nation (1642). By Humphrey Crouch, {thomaso n) . . . 144 IX CAVALIER AND PURITAN PAGE I 3 • A Satire on James I and Charles I (1645). ( thomason ) . 150 1 4-* A Common Observation upon These Times (1645). ( THOMASON ) . 154 I 3 • The World Is Turned Upside Down (1646). (thomason) . 160 16. The Zealous Soldier (1646). ( thomason ) .... 163 17* The Mercenary Soldier (1646). (thomason). . . 167 I 8 . The Anabaptists Out of Order, or the Relation of Samuel Oates (1646). (Manchester) . 171 I 9 . Alas Poor Tradesmen, What Shall We Do ? ( 1 646 ?) . (MANCHESTER) . 1 79 2 Q. Lex Talionis, or London Revived (1647). (thomason) . 184 2 1. A Harmony of Healths (1647). (Manchester) . 188 2 2 . Strange and Wonderful Predictions Declared in a Message as from the Lord. By John Saltmarsh (1647). (MANCHESTER) . 1 95 2 3 . Come Buy a Mouse-trap, or a New Way to Catch an Old Rat (1647?). By Humphrey Crouch. (MANCHESTER) . 201 2zj_. The Good-fellow’s Complaint (1647?). (MANCHESTER) . 207 2 3 . England’s Monthly Predictions for This Present Year 1649 (1648). (Manchester) . 214 26. O Brave Oliver (1648). (thomason) . 221 27. The Honest Man’s Imaginary Dreams and His Good Wishes for the Prosperity of the King ( 1 648 ?) . (MANCHESTER) . 224 28. The King’s Last Farewell to the World, or the Dead King’s Living Meditations (1649). (thomason) . 227 x CONTENTS PAGE » 29* King Charles’s Speech and Last Farewell to the World (1649). (Manchester) . 232 30. The Weeping Widow, or the Sorrowful Lady’s Letter to Her Beloved Children (1649). (MANCHESTER) . 236 3 I . The Fatal Fall of Five Gentlemen and the Death of Three of Them (1649). (Manchester) . . . . 241 3 2 . The Royal Health to the Rising Sun (1649). (MANCHESTER) . 247 3 3 • The Twelve Brave Bells of Bow (1649). (MANCHESTER) . 25 1 34* The Fame, Wit, and Glory of the West (1649?). (MANCHESTER) . 256 3 5 • The Credit of Yorkshire, or the Glory of the North (1649). By Charles Hammond. (Manchester) . 265 36- Gallant News from the Seas (1649). By Tom Smith. (MANCHESTER) . 273 37. A Brief Relation of an Atheistical Creature Living at Lambert (1649). (Manchester) . 277 38. Gallant News from Ireland. Being a True Relation of the Lord Inchiquin’s Taking the City of Drog¬ heda (1649). (MANCHESTER) . 284 39. A Hymn to Cromwell (1649). (thomason) . . . 288 q_0. The Wily, Witty, Neat, and Pretty Damsel (1649?). (MANCHESTER) . 29 1 I . There I Mumpt You Now, or Mumping Meg’s Resolution (1649?). (Manchester) . 298 q_2 . A New Ballad (on the Death of the Earl of Pem¬ broke, 1650). (THOMASON) . 3O4 4.3 . Articles of Agreement betwixt Prince Charles and the Parliament of Scotland (1650). (Manchester) 309 The Lady’s Lamentation for the Loss of Her Land¬ lord (1651). (C.20.F.14) 315 XI CAVALIER AND PURITAN PAGE 4 5* The Character of a Time-serving Saint (1652). By Lionel Lockier. ( thomason ) . 320 46. Catch (1652). By John Crouch? ( mercurius Democritus) . 325 47* Christmas Carol (1652). By John Crouch? ( MERCURIUS DEMOCRITUS ) . 326 4 8 . The Salisbury Assizes, or The Reward of Witch¬ craft (1653). ( MANCHESTER ) . 329 49 . The Hungry Bloodhounds (1653). ( thomason ) . 336 ^O. A Constant Lover Being Lately Frowned On (i653).ByJohnCrouch?(M£JRct/JR/t/6’ Democritus) 339 5 I . Joyful News for England and All Other Parts of the Peace Which Passed between England and Holland (1654). (C.20.F.14) . 341 ^2. Two Antagonists in Love (1654). By John Crouch? ( MERCURIUS FUMIGOSUS ) . 348 53* A Catch (1654). By John Crouch? ( mercurius FUMIGOSUS ) . 352 54. The Lady Pecunia’s Journey unto Hell with Her Speech to Pluto (1654). By Humphrey Crouch. [thomason) . 354 C>C>. Jack the Plough-lad’s Lamentation (1654). ByT. R. (C.20.F.14) . 361 56. A Looking-glass for Young' Men and Maids (1655). (C.20.F.14) . 366 C 7. Strange and Wonderful News of a Woman Who Had Her Head Torn Off from Her Body by the Devil (1655). By Laurence Price. (C.20.F.14) . . 372 j 8 . A Warning for All Wicked Livers by the Example of Richard Whitfield and Master Gibs (1655). By Laurence Price. [Manchester) . 379 59* A Dreadful Relation of the Cruel, Bloody, and Most Inhuman Massacre of the Protestants in Savoy (1655). (C.20.F.14) . 385 XII CONTENTS PAGE 60. A Kiss of a Seaman’s WorthTwo of Another (1655). By Samuel Smithson. (C.20.F.14) . 391 61. No Ring, No Wedding (1656). (Manchester) . . 396 62. The Quakers' Fear, or Wonderful, Strange, and True News of James Parnel (1656). By Laurence Price, (wood) . 402 63- A New Merry Dialogue between John and Bess (1656). By Laurence Price, (c. 20. f. 14) . 409 64. The Two Jeering Lovers, Dick and Nancy (1656). By Laurence Price. (C.20.F.14) . 414 6 5 • Deplorable News from Southwark, or The Loving Lassies' Lamentations for the Loss of Their Sweet¬ hearts (1650-56). (C.20.F.14) . 420 6 6 . The True Lover’s Summons Sent in a Letter to His Dearest Sweeting (1650-56). (C.20.F.14) .... 426 67. The Faithful Maid’s Adventures (1650-56). By Laurence Price. (C.20.F.14) . 433 6 8 . The Matchless Shepherd Overmatched by His Mis¬ tress (1650-56). By Laurence Price, (rawlinson) 439 69. The Flattering Damsel, or a False Heart Brings Sorrow (1650-56). (C.20.F.14) . 444 70. Kissing Goes by Favor (1650-56). (C.20.F.14). . 451 71. The Roaring Blacksmith’s Resolution (1650-56). ByT. J. (C.20.F.14) . 458 7 2 . The Lovers’ Farewell, or The Constant Resolution of Two Faithful Lovers (1650-56). (C.20.F.14) . . 465 7 3. Love’s Return, or The Maiden’s Joy (1650-56). By Samuel Smithson. (C.20.F.14) . 471 74* A New Prophecy, or Some Strange Speeches De¬ clared by an Old Woman Living Now in Cheshire (1657). (C.20.F.14) . 477 7 5 • England’s Object, or Good and True News for the Taking of Hugh Peters (1660). (wood) . 484 Index of Titles, First Lines, Refrains, and Tunes. . . . 493 Glossarial Index . 503 XIII ILLUSTRATIONS FROM THE ORIGINAL BROADSIDE BALLADS “An Exact Description How Charles I and His Nobles Went to the Parliament, 1640” (wood 401 (139) ) page Between 76 and 77 Archbishop Laud, the Bishops, and Parliament (669. f-4(6i)) . 134 The Pope of Rome and His Minions (669. f.4(6i) ) . . . 136 A Soldier in Complete Armor (669. f. 10 (50) ) Facing 164 A Gallant of Charles I’s Time (669. f. 10 (49) ) Facing 168 An English Tavern in 1647 (Manchester, II, 38) ... 189 “England’s Monthly Predictions for 1649” (Manchester, II, 44) . . . . . Between 214 and 215 A Nobleman Beheaded on the Scaffold (Manchester, H>43) . 243 Roistering Cavaliers in an Ale-house (Manchester, i> 44) . 248 A Tub-preacher and Plis Congregation (Manchester, 1, 35) . 278 A Cavalier, His Sweetheart, and Cupid (0.20^.14(32) ) 316 A Mounted Soldier of the Commonwealth (C.20.F.14 (23)) . 342 Lady Pecunia Riding to Hell on a Peacock (669. f. 17 (75)) . 355 Hell’s Fiends Dancing for Joy (669^.17(75) ) . 358 Execution of a Criminal by Hanging in 1655 (MANCHESTER, 1, 32) . 380 A Naval Battle (c.2o.f. 14(16) ) . 392 A Drummer, a Piper, a Standard-bearer, and Pikemen (c.ao.F.i4(3) ) . 421 A Knight and His Lady (0.20^.14(14) ) . 427 Bust Portraits of a Lady and a Gentleman (C.20.F.14 (19)) . 466 xv : . . .. ' . ' ■' -J : . • M ' ■ , . , ' . o ■ % INTRODUCTION 4 INTRODUCTION: AN HISTORICAL SKETCH OF THE BROADSIDE BALLAD, 1640-1660 I PRACTICALLY no study of the ballad in England during the years 1640-1660 has heretofore been made, and that chapter has remained the most obscure in all ballad-history. Even William Chappell, in his admir¬ able and indispensable Popular Music of the Olden Time, gave a bare forty-one pages to the interregnum; and more than half of the ballads and tunes he discusses really date back as early as the reign of James I. Chappell had seen comparatively few Commonwealth ballads, and in those few was but slightly interested. The same state¬ ment applies to Thomas Wright, who edited for the Percy Society in 1841 a small volume of Political Ballads Published in England during the Commonwealth; to W. W. Wilkins, whose Political Ballads of the Seven¬ teenth and Eighteenth Centuries appeared in i860; and to Charles Mackay, who, in 1863, compiled (largely from the identical sheets used by Wright and Wilkins) his Cavalier Songs and Ballads of England from 1642 to 1684. These editors depended for their Commonwealth ballads almost entirely on the Thomason Collection in the British Museum. None of them had any interest * in ballads as such. Almost as little interest in ballad-history had J. W. Ebs worth, the well-known editor of the Roxburghe 3 CAVALIER AND PURITAN Ballads and the Bagford Ballads; but he wrote and sev¬ eral times prematurely announced the publication of a book of Civil-War ballads, the manuscript of which, after his death, is said to have been sold from his library to a private collector. Ebsworth had thoroughly ransacked all the available printed and manuscript sources; and it is probable that his book would have excelled in bulk any edition of Commonwealth ballads that has been or can now be made. Certainly it would have been Ebsworthian, with all his grave defects as an editor. Nevertheless, the book would undeniably have been worth consulting, and would no doubt have contained transcripts of ballads that may now remain unknown for years. It is a pity that Ebsworth failed to publish his Commonwealth Ballads. The most important printed collections of Civil-War and Commonwealth ballads are those in the British Museum. Many ballads collected by the bookseller George Thomason are preserved among the twenty-four folio volumes (669 f. 1, 669 f. 2, etc.) popularly called, after their former owner, George III, the King’s Pamph¬ lets, and in the hundreds of quartos that have the press- mark “E” followed by a numeral. Most of these are political in subject-matter, and hence give a distorted view of the activities of the ballad-press. A more varied choice of subjects is found in the so-called “Book of Fortune” (C. 20. f. 14), a collection of some forty black- letter ballads in which journalism, love, and satire are more prominent than politics. It is from these two sources that many of the broadsides here reprinted are taken. One comes from the highly important collection of broadsheets made by Narcissus Luttrell. Various Commonwealth ballads, dating from 1659 and i66o„ 4 INTRODUCTION are scattered through other collections in the British Museum, but are not here used. A number of important ballads are preserved, too, in the celebrated collection of the Earl of Crawford (de¬ scribed in Bibliotheca Lindesiana , Catalogue of English Ballads , 1890), several of which are duplicated in the Thomason tracts (cf. No. 28). Others are in the Euing Collection at the University of Glasgow (described in J. O. HalliwelFs Catalogue of An Unique Collection of Ancient English Broadside Ballads , 1856), most of them of the years 1659 and 1660. Still others are scattered through the great collections of Anthony Wood and Rawlinson at the Bodleian, and a very few appear in Samuel Pepys’s five volumes at Magdalene College, Cam¬ bridge. The Wood and Rawlinson Collections are rep¬ resented in this volume; but the chief untapped source used in preparing it is the remarkable collection at the Manchester Free Reference Library. In the hasty notes added by Ebsworth to the final volume of his Roxburghe Ballads , there are occasional references to this collection and a few reprints, usually unspecified, from it. It is preserved in two folio volumes (press-marks 310 D 2, 310 D 3), which contain about one hundred and thirty separate printed ballads. Most of them are sadly mutilated, but several are unique, and the collection as a whole is of very great importance. Noteworthy are the ballads signed by Laurence Price, John Lookes, and Humphrey Crouch. A few of the ballads are of early date — like “The shamefull downe- fall of the Popes Kingdome” (printed with no indica¬ tion of its source in the Roxburghe Ballads , VIII, Pt. I, xv ), which deals with the execution of Steven Garnet in 5 CAVALIER AND PURITAN 1606. But by far the majority date from the years 1640— 1660, and the twenty-nine unique ballads reprinted below from this collection show clearly that George Thomason paid scant attention to buying ballads as they came from the press, and throw a flood of light on the attitude of the common people during the interregnum. All other editions of Commonwealth ballads have been purely political. The satirical songs and libels that make up the bulk of Thomason’s Collection are of unfail¬ ing interest; but they put a false emphasis on one ac¬ tivity of the ballad-writers. Furthermore, they neces¬ sarily give the impression that the rise of Cromwell to power brought to an end the ballad-singing that for a century had made England in general and London in particular merry. But such a notion is totally false. London, though overawed by the Puritans, was a far from doleful city; her amusements were far from being completely crushed. The light-hearted ditties of the years 1649-1656 printed in this volume furnish indisputable evidence that war and censorship did not at all change the type of ballads. London people craved and obtained songs exactly like those to which they had for years been accustomed. And it is significant that these ditties almost without exception bear in their colophons the names and business addresses of the printers — significant because the laws against printing should have hindered their appear¬ ance. Thomason may have thought these ballads un¬ worthy of preservation because of the frothiness of their subjects. The modern reader, on the other hand, will find “A K iss of a Seaman” (No. 60) quite as sig¬ nificant as the most libelous ballad written against Cromwell. 6 INTRODUCTION II During the early years of the reign of Charles I, lyrical ballads surpassed in number those of a journal¬ istic type, and some really good songs were written by Martin Parker and Laurence Price. With the outbreak of civil war, however, the situation changed. Under the impulse of the Bishops’ Wars (May, 16,39-October, 1640), ballad-writers turned almost exclusively to jour¬ nalism. A few ballads on merely local news are pre¬ served; for example, “The Reward of Murther,” which tells of the execution of one Richard Smith, on December 12, 1640, for the murder, near Moorfields, of his mistress, Mary Davis.1 The majority, however, deal with the comparatively new field of war-correspondence. An early production (April 24, 1640) called “The Soldiers’ De¬ light in the North”2 purported to describe the loyalty of the King’s army and the joy of his men at an opportunity for active service. The government may actually have encouraged the writing of ballads against the Scots, though on March 30 it had issued a proclamation against “libelous and seditious pamphlets and discourses from Scotland” which were said to be widely circulated in manuscript and print, especially in London.3 In any case, it was undoubtedly pleased by the popular feeling ballads aroused; and the author of Vox Borealis (1641) marveled at the number written. According to that pamphlet, Martin Parker wrote “many base ballads against the Scots.”4 1 Manchester Collection, II, 20. 2 Ibid., II, 32. 3 John Rushworth, Historical Collections, II, ii, 1094. 4 Harleian Miscellany, 1809, III, 219. See my “Martin Parker,” Modern Philology, XVI (1919), 449-474. 7 CAVALIER AND PURITAN Four of these are reprinted in this book.5 All four have real value, in particular “Good News from the North” (No. 5), which ends with a brief prose account of a battle between the Scots and the English and a list of the thirty-eight prisoners taken. Another (No. 4), suggested by the loss of Newcastle in 1640, is character¬ istically entitled Newes from Nezv-castle with An Advertisement, To all English men that (for the safety of themselves, their King and Country) they would abandon the fond opinion, (which too many doe conceave) of the Scots good meaning to England , which our fore-fathers have ever experienced to the contrary; they having bin oftentimes found to bee circumventing Machiavillians, and faythles truce breakers. Parker’s hostility to the Scots was fanned into fury when, a few years later, they surrendered Charles I to the English Parliament. Every rumor from the front was put into rhyme and sung in the streets. One seditious pamphleteer remarked that these rumors come out “by Owl-light , in little Books , or Ballads , to be sold in the Streets ; and, I fear, it is held a prime Piece of Policy of State: For otherwise, how could so many false Ballads , and Books be tolerated"? Yet the next Morning-Sun exhales all their vain Evening Vapours: As that News of taking Lesley Prisoner; kill¬ ing of Colonel Crayford ; and imprisoning most of the Nobility: But I never believed it, because, if they had been true Ballads, they would have been sung by Day¬ light, Books printed, Bonfires made, and a solemn Pro¬ cession, with a Te Deum , at least, had not been wanting at Lambeth .”6 Furthermore, in 1641 every stationer in 5 Nos. 2-5. The Scots Scouts Discovery , 1642 ( Phoenix Britannicus, 1732, p. 467). 8 s INTRODUCTION London had “some Pamphlet, Sonnet or Ballet” ridi¬ culing the notorious Alderman Abell.7 During the second Bishops’ War, ballads poured into Stationers5 Hall. About one hundred were registered in 1640, most of them celebrating the graciousness of the King’s bearing as he went before Parliament, or rejoic¬ ing in good news, often without foundation, from Scot¬ land. Parker’s “Exact Description” (No. 1) of the ceremonies that marked the opening of Parliament on April 13, 1640, voiced the general hope that all wrongs would be redressed, all troubles averted. At times the ballad-writers, carried away by zeal and loyalty, overstepped the bounds of propriety and offended the King’s government. Parker’s enemies asserted that his anti-Scottish ballads came near winning him a place in prison, and such actually was the fortune of another writer. “There was a poor man,” says Vox Borealis , “who, to get a little money, made a song of all the caps in the kingdom, and, at every verse’s end, concludes thus, Of all the caps that ever I see, Either great or small, blue cap for me. But his mirth was quickly changed to mourning, for he was clapped up in the Clink [a Southwark prison], for his boldness, to meddle with any such matters.” Further¬ more, “one Parker , the Prelats Poet, who made many base Ballads against the Scots , sped but little better , for he, and his Antipodes were like to have tasted of Justice Longs liberalitie: and hardly he escaped his Powdering- Tubb, which the vulgar people calls a Prison. But now he 7 The whole Life of Alderman Abel , 1641 (669. f. 4 (15))- On Abell see Gardiner’s History of England , 1603—1642, VIII, 286, and the British Museum Catalogue of Satirical Prints , I, 192 ff. 9 CAVALIER AND PURITAN sweares he will never put pen to paper for the Prelats againe, but betake himselfe to his pitcht Kanne, and Tobacco Pipe; and learne to sell his frothie Pots againe, and give over Poetrie.” That Parker kept an ale-house, or tavern, is certain, and probably, too, Vox Borealis stated the truth about his misfortunes in ballad-writing. For during 1640 he was three times summoned before the Court of High Commission, over which Archbishop Laud presided. The records of the Court, unfortunately, give no specific de¬ tails of the nature of Parker’s offense. In them, however, he is called “Martin Parker, of the Parish of St. Giles in the Fields, victualler.” On June 1 1 he appeared before the Court, and was sworn and admonished; reappearing on June 18, “hee was monished to bee exa^med befor this day in prox.” On June 25 “hee is exa/m/zed, but not repeated. This day ye said Martin Parker was monished to finish & repeate his answers betwixt this & ye next Court day.”8 It seems safe to believe the statement of his enemy, Vox Borealis , that Parker escaped the Archbishop’s prison, the Clink, however narrowly; but several of his ballads later in date than June, 1640, reprinted below, refute the remark that he had decided to “sell his frothy pots again, • and give over poetry.” “As for the Song which goes Blue cap for mee ,” Mercuries Message , or The Coppy of a Tetter sent to William Laud late Archbishop of Canter¬ bury* derisively remarks, Laud will “have it chang’d to Black cap that' s his fee." 8 State Papers, Domestic, Charles I, vol. 434 A, fol. 47 -, vol. 434, fols. 202v, 217} Calendar of State Papers, Domestic , 1640, pp. 421, 425, 430. The Dictionary of National Biography states that there is no evidence to prove that Parker kept an ale-house. *1641, sig. A 2V. This pamphlet is preserved in the Harvard Library (Gay 1641. 629.5). 10 INTRODUCTION In 1641 only a dozen ballads were registered at Sta¬ tioners’ Hall. Their titles reflect the ominousness of the political situation, as, “Glad Tidings of Great Joy,” “The Happy Proceeding of This Hopeful Parliament,” “England’s Cure After a Lingering Sickness,” “An Honest Man Will Stand to It.” Many others of the date 1641, though not entered in the Register, are preserved; and among these unregistered ballads are, naturally enough, a number hostile to the party of the King. “Judge Berkeley’s Complaint” about his impeachment for con¬ curring with the King on the ship-money levy10 and “Good News” by Francis Mussell, vintner, showing that “the parliament goes on” and that peace will soon come,11 may be mentioned. The execution of Strafford is the subject of two ballads reprinted below, the one (No. 8) a lugubrious warning to traitors by Laurence Price, the other (No. 9) an airy ditty in which John Lookes satir¬ izes the “running disease” contracted by Strafford’s friends. Wholly non-political is Humphrey Crouch’s “Beggars All A-Row” (No. 7). Certain straight-laced Puritans, however, objected to all ballads, whatever their subject. It is significant that the twenty-third article in Cor da Angliae : Or, The Generali Expressions of The Land; Moving xxv. Particulars to the Honourable As¬ sembly in the High Court of Parliament 12 petitions that “all vaine and ungodly bookes, ballads, love-songs, and lascivious bookes, and vaine pamphlets, may be called in, and no more such may be ever tolerated hereafter, or dispersed either in print, or in manuscript; which vaine bookes, ballads, and pamphlets, have taken deeper im- 10 Lord Crawford’s Catalogue of English Ballads, No. 1273. 11 Ibid., No. 440; E. 669 (32). 12 1641, pp. 18-19. CAVALIER AND PURITAN pression upon the hearts of many thousands, to draw them to love and delight in those actions of sin, into which they have beene seduced by reading of them.” No ballads were registered in 1642, but there was little stoppage, if any, in their publication. “The Bishops’ Last Good-night” (No. 10), “Thanks to the Parliament” (No. 11), and “A Godly Exhortation” (No. 12) belong to this year. For the absence of registrations, various reasons may be given. In July, 1641, the Star Chamber had been abolished, and, as a result, the necessity for licensing printed matter ceased. Moreover, Thomas Symcocke held an oppressive patent on “all things, that are, may, or shall be Printed upon one side of a sheet, or any part of a sheet; provided one side thereof be white Paper,” a fact vigorously complained of in a petition of the Masters and Workmen Printers of London to the High Court of Parliament in March, 1642. 13 If it had been strictly enforced, this patent — which was originally granted by James I — would have permitted the publi¬ cation of ballads only by Symcocke or such assigns as he chose to appoint. Finally, since there was no power to enforce the laws, no imperative reason existed for spending money on licenses that could be safely evaded. But this condition, theoretically at least, did not long continue. In 1643 the Humble Remonstrance of the Company of Stationers testified that, as a result of the enormous amount of printing during the last four years, “propriety of copies” had disappeared, and asked for various changes. A board of licensers was established by Par¬ liament in June, 1643, the first appointee being Henry 13 669. f. 4 (79). 12 INTRODUCTION Walley, clerk to the Company of Stationers. Other licensers followed in due succession — among them being John Rushworth (1644), Gilbert Mabbott (1646 and 1653), and Theodore Jennings ( 1649). In the ordinance creating licensers, their duties are said to be to license pamphlets and news-books. Nevertheless, they were responsible for ballads as well ; and noteworthy in the present volume are the ballads bearing the official imprimatur of Mabbott and Jennings. From 1656 to 1660, ballads occasionally bore the legend (cf. No. 62) “Licensed according to Order,” and this legend, as well as the name or initials of the official licenser, regularly appeared on ballads after 1660. That unscrupulous printers sometimes forged a license is certain. When Mabbott was retired in 1649, defended himself by saying that “many thousands of scandalous and malig¬ nant pamphlets have been published with his name there¬ unto as if he had licensed the same, though he never saw them, on purpose as he conceives to prejudice him in his reputation amongst the honest party of this nation.”14 Comparatively few ballads about events of the Civil War are extant. During the years 1642-1647, they were printed in enormous numbers; but nearly all escaped entry in the Stationers’ Register, and the Company of Stationers was never able to regain its hold on the ballad- printers. Political ballads abounded. On August 26, 1641, a libeler who wrote “a scandalous ballad concern¬ ing the Queen Mother’s going away” was committed to prison by the House of Lords and his ballads were ordered burned by the public hangman.15 “Halter and 14 J. B. Williams, A History of English Journalism, p. 116. 3j John Evelyn’s Diary , ed. Bray-Wheatley, IV, 75. 13 CAVALIER AND PURITAN ballad-makers are the two principal trades of late,” says the Scots' Scout's Discoveries (1642), “ballads being sold by whole hundreds in the city, and halters sent by whole barrels full to Berwick, to hang up the rebels with, as soon as they catch them.”10 The number of ballad-writers had greatly increased, not only to supply the demand for news and satire but also to get the increased profits that arose from unlicensed printing and easy sales. The Downfall of T emporizing Poets (1641) remarks that the ballad-writers formed “an indifferent strong Corporation: 23 of you sufficient writers, besides Martin Parker." More than twenty-four ballad-writers are known by name, and this number was considerably increased by men of letters who saw in the ballad an effective weapon to use against Parliament and for the King. Among these were John Cleveland, John Taylor, Alexander Brome, Sir John Birkenhead, and Sir John Mennis. The Actors' Remonstrance (1643) declares that the silencing of their profession by Parliament has already caused many players to join “ Martin Parkers societie, and write ballads,” and will probably cause others to do likewise. This statement was certainly true. The actor Thomas Jordan, who had written several plays before the theatres were closed in 1642, turned promptly to ballading, a number of his productions (like those in his Royal Arbor of Loyal Poesie , 1664) being mere sum¬ maries of the Merchant of Venice, Philaster, and other popular dramas. Other actors became pamphleteers. Thus Mercurius Militaris was “written by one John Harris , sometimes a Players Boy, a Rogue by the Statute ; and since the suppression of Play-houses, hath betaken 16 Phoenix Britannicus , 1732, p. 466. H INTRODUCTION himself to the Profession of a Printer.”17 During the interregnum, there was practically no distinction between ballad-writers and pamphleteers. The influence of the balladists was enormous. They helped to mold popular opinion. A correspondent in¬ formed Sir John Coke (Secretary of State, 1624—1639) on May 30, 1642, of a riot in London that had been quelled by the militia, and remarked that the dexterous¬ ness of these citizen troops “was much commended by both Houses [of Parliament] and the French Ambas¬ sador, who were spectators. But,” he added significantly, “all people cannot be pleased with the commendable endeavours of others, for the ballettmongers sing to the contrary.”18 Pecuniary rewards, to be sure, did not always keep pace with popularity and influence; and the authors of ballads sometimes fell on evil days — like Robert Guy, to whose support and funeral obsequies the parish of St. Giles-in-the-Fields contributed.19 Martin Parker, on the other hand, must have been well-to-do: his ballads were so widely known as to be anathema to 15,000 London citizens! On December 11, 1640, “Alderman Pennington, with some hundreds following him, pre¬ sented the Citizens Petition, subscribed by 15000, against the Discipline, and Ceremonies of the Church.”20 The petition itself was supported by “A Particular of the manifold Evils, Pressures, and Grievances caused, prac¬ tised, and occasioned by the Prelates and their Depen¬ dants,”' of which this was Article VIII: The swarming of lascivious, idle, and unprofitable Books and ‘ Mercurius Impartialis , No. 1, p. 2. 18 Historical MSS. Comm ., Twelfth Report , Appendix , II, 317. See Rollins, A Pepysian Garland , 1922, p. 393. Whitelocke’s Memorials , 1732, p. 39. i5 CAVALIER AND PURITAN Pamphlets, Play-books, and Ballads, as namely, Ovids fits of Love, the Parliament of Women [which] came out at the dissolving of the last Parliament, Barnes Poems, Barkers Ballads in disgrace of Religion, to the increase of all vice, and withdrawing of people from reading, studying, and hearing the Word of God, and other good Bookes.21 The Bishops were not always praised by street-poets. The anonymous author of “The Bishops’ Last Good¬ night” (No. 10) was rabidly anti-episcopal, enthusias¬ tically Puritan. Such, too, was the attitude of Laurence Price. He wrote, for example, A new Disputation Be- tweene the two Lordly Bishops, Y orke and Canterbury. With a discourse of many passages which have hapned since they were committed to the Tower of London — a copy dated February 15, 1642, purports to be the fifth edition22 — an abusive pamphlet that shows how widely he and Martin Parker differed in their religious and political views. In 1642, indeed, Parker, with Thomas Herbert and John Taylor, the Water Poet, was regarded as a thor¬ oughly objectionable defender of the episcopacy, as “the prelates’ poet.” Accordingly, all three were attacked in The Popes Proclamation : Together With the Lawes and Ordinances established by him and his Shavelings (1641)23: 2. We appoynt lohn Taylor , Martin Barker , Herbert , and all three English Poeticall, Papisticall, Atheisticall Ballad makers, to put in print rime doggery from the river of Styx against the truest Prot¬ estants, railing lines and in the end young Gregory \Brandon , the hangman] shall be their pay -master. The three “poets” were close friends. Parker mentions 21 A reprint is in Rushworth’s Historical Collections, III, i, 94. *2 J. P. Collier, A Bibliographical and Critical Account of the Rarest Books, II, 186; E. 1113 (2). 23 E. 164 (9). 16 INTRODUCTION the other two a number of times; Herbert speaks flatter¬ ingly of Parker; and Taylor, though not, I believe, men¬ tioning Parker by name, refers to him in Taylors Feast (1638) as one of the “choicest wits” of the time. Parker and the Water Poet were constantly associated by envious or sarcastic writers. Of these writers, Samuel Sheppard, though for a time linked with the two in publishing Royalist news-books, reveals the most curious attitude. He sneers frankly at them both in his Times Displayed (1646), 24 in his comedy of The Committee Man Curried (1647), 25 and in his Jovial Crew (1651) ;2b but in his Epigrams (1651) 27 he derides “M. P.’s son¬ nets” while praising Taylor even to the extent of com¬ paring him with Ben Jonson. The author of Taylors Physicke (1641), however, considered the Water Poet a shameless ballad-monger, “the Bawdes Poet,” distin¬ guished by “scurrilous, oylye sonetting, and pandrall Poetry, to stirre up luxury in the clients.”28 To John Thomas29 (the anonymous author of Mercuries Mes¬ sage30) and other pamphleteers who had ridiculed them, Herbert, Taylor, and Parker replied. Taylor doubtless triumphed over his adversaries, for he was a master in scurrilous controversy; Parker certainly appears to good advantage in his poem The Poet’s Blind man1 s Bough (or Buff), where he dealt out blows to Mercuries Message, to The Popes Procla?nation, and to Vox Borealis; but 24 p.21. 25 p. 7. 26 p. 8. 27 PP. 55-56, 148-149. 2sSig. A 3. 29 “John Thom-asse, that Episcopall Castillion; that drawes twelve three-penny ordinaries through his throat at one meal, lets out non-sense to hire of his own covn- ing; and commits fornication with a penny worth of wit, out of Scoggins jeasts.” — Mercurius Mslancholicus (almost certainly under Parker’s editorship) in its issue for January 22—29, 1648, p. 129. 20 Cf. p. 10, note 9, above. 17 CAVALIER AND PURITAN Herbert was not successful with his Answer to the Most Envious , Scandalous , and libelous Pamphlet intitled Mercuries Message ( 1641 ). In “A Postscript to Thomas Herbert” added to A Second Message to William Laud (1641), the unlucky ballad-writer (who is confused in the Dictionary of Na¬ tional Biography with a much more important Thomas Herbert) is thus described: His long shag’d lockes, and tatter’d coat him tell, For Reputation he can have no more, Hee’s run so deepely in the chandlers score, And those sociats with whom he is partaker, At best they are but wretched balladmakers. “The Authors Answer will come forth ere long,” it is promised ; and but a short time passed before the answer appeared under the title of Mercuries Message Defended , against the vain , foolish , simple, and absurd cavils of Thomas Herbert, a ridiculous Ballad-maker (1641).31 This book informs us that “ Herbert a poor threedbare ballad-maker” lived in “a company of louzy Ballad- singers.” It continues: One day being necessitated to passe through a stinking Alley, in a blinde alehouse, 1 heard a crew of roaring Ballad-singers trouling out a merry Ballad called, The more Knaves the better company. And one amongst the rest cried out, Well sung Herbert , who as it seems, bore up the base amongst them, and in that deboist manner consumeth his time, and when his money is all spent, (as for the most part it is six or seven times a week) wrrites a new merry book, a good godly Ballad, or some such excellent piece of stuffe even as the droppings of the spigot inliveneth his muddy muse, to put his feeble purse in fresh stocke again: looking in at the name Herbert , and seeing such a poore 31 E. 160 (13) and Harvard Library. 18 INTRODUCTION ragged companion, I tooke him rather to be some dung-hill rakers page, than a lackey to the Muses. Unfortunately none of Herbert’s poetry is suitable for this volume. Most of his ballads, too, have long since disappeared, but their titles are interesting. He wrote, Mercuries Message Defended declares, a ballad or two “of the life and death of William Laud Archbishop of Canterbury : who was executed, &c. leaving a space to put in the day of the moneth,” a book called “ Romes ABC consisting altogether of jeeres for the Bishops,” and “a ballad called, Alas poor scholar ,32 (For no other workes of yours can I alleage, unlesse it be Dicke and Robing the downefall of the new Bear-garden ,34 or the like.)” Fie is satirized also in J. B.’s The Poets' Knavery Discovered ( ca . 1641 ) as a poet who “Harberd his froathy Muse in the Rheumaticke exhalations of muddy taplash, which made his fancy so extreamely dull, that when he writ anything, every What lack you Sir , or Stationers Apprentice could conceive it to be Harberts Lye.” Abuse like this indicates that Thomas Herbert was a clever and popular ballad-writer. It is a pity that almost every¬ thing he wrote is now unknown and that he himself 32 This statement seems to dispose of the claim of Dr. Robert Wild (see Rox- burghe Ballads, VI, 455) to the authorship of “Alas, poore Scholler.” A MS. copy, of the date 1641, is preserved in the Diary of John Rous (Camden So¬ ciety ed., p. 115). Cf. also p. 179, below. Romes A B C = E. 156 (15). 33 “A dialogue between Dicke & Robin” was registered for publication on February 5, 1641. Cf. Hazlitt’s Handbook, 1867, s.v. “Herbert.” 34 This ballad, “To the tune of So old, so old,” is added to Herbert’s N ewes out of Islington, 1641 (reprinted by J. O. Halliwell-Phillipps, p. 29). For a pamphlet called A guide to salvation, registered under Herbert’s name on Sep¬ tember 24, 1641, see the Stationers’ Register, ed. Eyre, I, 34. Probably Herbert was the T. H. whose initials appear on several pamphlets that are usually, but mistakenly, attributed to Thomas Heywood. Cf. also the introductory note to No. 8, below. 19 CAVALIER AND PURITAN disappears from view on the outbreak of the Great Rebel¬ lion. That he was a Royalist his Newes out of Islington shows. Perhaps he went to war with his fellow ballad-writers, for most of them, in one way or another, did rally to the support of the King. Nor were their efforts despicable. The ballad of “When the King Enjoys His Own Again” (“ Martin Parker never got a fairer Brat,” says The Gossips' Feast , 164730), which appeared in its earliest form in 1643, is universally admitted to have played no small part in keeping up the spirits of the Royalists and in bringing about the Restoration. A loyal ballad printed in this book (No. 55) indicates that Thomas Robins fol¬ lowed Parker’s example. What part, if any, Samuel Smithson, John Lookes, Humphrey Crouch, Thomas Joy, and Thomas Jones played in the war is not ascertainable. For few ballads were signed during the years 1642—1659. As the editor — probably Alexander Brome — of Rump: Or An Exact Collection of the Choycest Poems and Songs Relating to the Tate Times (1662) remarks: “We have not subjoyned any Authors Names; heretofore it was unsafe, and now the Gentlemen conceive it not so proper. ’Tis hoped they did His Majesty some Service, ’twas for that end they were scribbled . . . and ’tis wondrous happy to see how many are his Majesties Faithfull Sub¬ jects, who were ready to hang the Authors of these Ballads .” Laurence Price, however, is thought to have been a renegade: certainly he affected a peculiar moral¬ izing and sanctimonious tone, as in his prose pamphlet on England' s Unhappy Changes ( 1648), that was greatly at variance not only with the spirit of the Royalists but 35 p. s. 20 INTRODUCTION also with the licentiousness of his work during the last days of the Protectorate. * Poets like John Taylor, Alexander Brome, and John Cleveland sometimes composed ballads, but more fre¬ quently still did the ballad-writers turn to pamphleteer¬ ing. In 1641, one J. B., writing The Poets' Knavery Dis¬ covered, expressed his disgust at the three hundred pamphlets that had already appeared since Strafford’s execution: “The temporizing Poets have broached such impudent scurrility, and ementitious Pamphlets out of the inexhaustible mintage of their roving fancies, that the whole City is embroydred with nothing but incredible lyes.” Three poets in particular — Bray, Walker, and Herbert — are named.36 Their products are said to be “such sencelesse, stigmatick, ballad Balderdash: As our every Street-Cantors . . . shrug to heare it.” The increase in the number of news-pamphlets was indeed great. A Presse full of Pamphlets (1642) accounts for it thus: The first Inventors of the Art of Printing Pamphlets . . . was Clerks, or a Clerk, as it is supposed, who being but a single man, could not be contented to live of 15 s. the week. . . . But in hope of more gain to himself, by undoing of others, put the first Copy of the Diurnall Occurrence that was printed to a Printer, and then came all other things true and false to the Presse.37 Ill Parliament was determined in its resistance to the flood of pamphlets. On October 9, 1643, it passed an ordi¬ nance prohibiting the sale of pamphlets, libels, and news- books in the streets of the City of London and the Liber- j 36 Sig. A 2. 37 Sig. A 3. 21 CAVALIER AND PURITAN ties, reviving the old Elizabethan and Jacobean laws against rogues and vagabonds to cover the offenses of vendors.1 A few months later it empowered its Com¬ mittee on Examinations to employ searchers for printers of lying and scandalous pamphlets and to demolish the presses and imprison their owners, a measure probably aimed also at scandalous ballads. The first result of these measures was an astonishing increase in the number of licensed news-pamphlets. Beginning in 1643, and for years thereafter, the Clerk of the Stationers’ Company seldom used his pen except to register the various Diurnal s , The Kingdom? s Weekly Intelligencer , The Parliament Scout , Certain Informations from Several Parts of the Kingdom , Mercurius Brita?inicus, and Mercurius Civicus, all of which were, of course, pro-Parliament pamphlets. The Royalist Mercurius Aulicus , which first appeared at Oxford in January, 1644, announced in its issue for February 17 that there were “22 several Newes-men” in London, and concluded each of its subsequent issues by retorting to the “lies” they told. The three ballads registered during 1643 were entitled “England’s Lamentation in Great Distress,” “The Dis¬ contented Lover,” and “Heaven Is Angry, Lord Send Peace.” What seems to be a fragment of the last ballad is preserved in the Manchester Collection2: Great God of gods to thee I pray, That thou wilt turne thy wrath away, Twixt King and Parliament send peace, •And grant that civill warres may cease, Amen, amen, all good men prayes, And then we shall see happy dayes. 1 669. f. 7 (49). 2 II, 47. 22 INTRODUCTION Many unlicensed ballads were secretly printed in 1643, among them Parker’s “When the King Enjoys His Own Again.” For allowing her son and her guests “to singe reproachfull songs in her [ale-] howse against the Par¬ liament,” Mrs. Dorothy Crowch was called before the civil authorities on July 1, 1644, and bound over to the next Sessions of the Peace.3 Possibly some of the songs thus objected to came from loyal presses in Oxford and York. William Web, of Oxford, in particular, printed loyal ballads continually.4 In contrast to them is Wil¬ liam Starbucke’s “A Spirituall Song of Comfort or In- couragement to the Souldiers that now are gone forth in the Cause of Christ,” u a London production highly laud¬ atory of the army of Parliament. Except for “The Lovely London Lass Long Lament¬ ing for a Husband” (1647) and “The King’s Last Farewell” (1649: No. 28), no further ballads were entered at Stationers’ Hall until 1676. But hundreds were written and sold. Several on the execution of Archbishop Laud (1645) are preserved.0 To the year 1645 also belongs “A Common Observation” (No. 14). Mercurius Civicus , September 18-25, 1645, angrily re¬ ports that when Sir Thomas Fairfax summoned the town and castle of the Devizes, in Wiltshire, to surrender, he received in reply a taunting ballad “To the Tune of 1 tell thee Jack” which began “Believe it, friend, we care not for you,” and which was tied “about a dogs necke in defiance of us.” The successes of the Parliamentary 3 J. C. Jeaffreson, Middlesex County Records , III, 178. 4 E.g., “The City,” and “Pyms Juncto,” Lord Crawford’s Catalogue , Nos. 326 and 1215. 6 Ibid., No. 228. 6 Wilkins, Political Ballads , I, 13; Roxburghe Ballads, VII, 612 £f. 23 CAVALIER AND PURITAN army increased the production of “malignant7 7 songs in London. During 1646 they were especially numerous. Many took the form of litanies, presumably in despite of the Puritans, whose objection to the established form of worship they typified was notorious. “Mr. Finis,” an audacious writer who is possibly to be identified with Martin Parker, wrote “The Parliament’s Knell”7; an anonymous author produced in newspaper style a ballad of “Three Horrible Murthers,” s dealing with the family of George Roe of Winchester, September 9, 1646; but the majority of writers were interested in ridiculing such bodies as the Assembly that Parliament had appointed in 1644 to reform the ceremonies of the Church. In his Gangraena (1646), a bitter attack on religious sects, Thomas Edwards complained: “The Assembly who sits by Ordinance of Parliament, have they not been fearfully abused . . . lately by a Ballad made of them, having a first and second part, wherein they are scoffed with the title of Black-bird Divines ? The name of the Ballad against the Assembly of Divines is called, A Prophecie of the Swineherds destruction. To the tune of the merry Souldier , or the joviall Tinker; and two men pictured at the upper end of it, with the inscription of Sir lohn Presbyter and Sir Simo?i Synod. This Ballad calls the Assembly Swineherds, saith These Swineherds they are sitting to build old Babells Tower: And in this Ballad the Directory [cf. page 366, below] made by the Assembly, and established by Ordinance, is scoffed at, and the Assembly is brought in, and jeered at for being Lord Crawford’s Catalogue, No. 389; cf. Wright’s Political Ballads , pp. 50, 52, 55. 8 Manchester Collection, II, 21. 24 INTRODUCTION against Anabaptists, Brownists, Independents: and they are in that Ballad call’d Baals Priests.” 9 In striking con¬ trast to this lost “Prophecy” are “The downfall of women Preachers, Or, Mrs. Abbigale upon her last Text”10 and “The Anabaptists Out of Order” (No. 18), ballads directed at the sects and separatists whose activ¬ ities were the despair of the Divines. Not all ballads, by any means, were favorable to the King’s party. Very hostile is a unique but unfortunately sorety mutilated fragment at Manchester on the enforced departure from England of the Princes Maurice and Rupert (July, 1646). The princes carry on a dialogue, of which the opening stanza may be quoted as a specimen : Come Maurice my Brother, Let us go together, [T]ake Shipping and saile to our Country againe. In truth Brother Rufert Would Ide not come hither, [Su]ch is my hard fortune as makes me complaine. [W]hy Maurice thou knowst we have Gold in our purses. [Yes] Rufert and with that a thousand mens curses, [It] rends [? ] on my conscients what way shall I shun them, [T]he country complaining yes out we’ve undone them, So that we are forc't to bid England adue d1 The dialogue grows coarser as it proceeds, Maurice taunt¬ ing Rupert with being “a Buzzard Which hath both thine Uncle and Honour thus sold.” As the sheet was printed by the Presbyterian John Hammond, hostility is natural. 9 Part II, p. 128. Cf. C. H. Firth, Ps.oyal Historical Society Transactions , 3rd S., VI, 54. 10 Manchester Collection, II, 25. 11 Ibid. y II, 27; Roxburghe Balladsy VIII, Pt. 1, xxiii. CAVALIER AND PURITAN It is, nevertheless, not necessarily hostile to Charles I (no unfavorable mention of him occurs in the fragment). Charles himself had removed Rupert from the general¬ ship of the royal army on September 14, 1645, as a result of the prince’s rashness at Naseby. With the defeat and imprisonment of the King, it seemed as if ballad-printing, as well as all other uncen¬ sored publication, was doomed. The Long Parliament passed law after law to suppress tracts and ballads of malignant, or Royalist, tendencies. Rigid surveillance of the press obtained; innumerable spies, or searchers, were hired. Sir Francis Wortley wrote a ballad beginning: Blesse the printer from the searcher, And from the houses takers! Blesse Tom from the slash; from BridewePs lash, Blesse all poore ballad-makers! Those who have writ for the king, for the good king.12 In January, 1647, Charles I was sequestered in the Isle of Wight, and communication with him was made high treason. On February 3, the House of Commons empowered a committee headed by Miles Corbet and Sir Christopher Yelverton to suppress “the publishing in the streets, by ballad-singers, of pamphlets and ballads scan¬ dalous to the Parliament,” and at the same time ordered the Lord Mayor of London and the Justices of Peace of the suburban towns to suppress ballad-singing and to punish all “ballad-singers and such loose persons.”13 Six days later, the Committee on Scandalous Pamphlets was given power to meet when and where it pleased.14 12 Wright, Political Ballads, p. 106. 13 J ournals of the House of Commons, V, 73. 14 Ibid., V, 82. 26 INTRODUCTION Ballads continued to pour out in great numbers, but most of them, like “Cromwells Panegyrick,” 10 were attended with danger for author, printer, and singer. Expenses of printing now became a considerable item: perhaps they caused the striking change in the mechan¬ ical form of the more satirical ballads. These — usually called “political” — came to be printed in “white-letter” (roman and italic) instead of black-letter type, and many were printed on narrow slips instead of the conventional folio broadside. Colophons and authors’ names or initials are conspicuous by their rarity. Parker now saw a vital reason for anonymity, and could no longer boast, as in 1641, that Whatever yet was published by me Was known by Martin Parker or M. P. Instead the sheets sometimes are signed by “Mr. Finis” and are said to have been “Printed in a Hollow Tree for the Good of the State,”16 but customarily they have neither colophon nor signature. It is worthy of note, however, that Sir Francis Wortley, in the Tower where his loyalty to the King had sent him, wrote and signed many ballads without con¬ cealment. One of them lists all the “loyall traytors” in the Tower, to whom Charles I had sent a present of two fat bucks.17 Ballads of anti-Royalist tendencies had, of course, few obstacles to overcome: one of these, “Truth Flatters Not” (1647) — which presents for the under¬ standing of “mean capacities” the “true effigies, life, and 15 Lord Crawford’s Catalogue , No. 1046. 16 Cf. Nos. 39, 42, and Wilkins, Political Ballads , I, 53. 17 Wright, Political Ballads, p. 88. 27 CAVALIER AND PURITAN habit of a self-exalting clergy” — was written by T. P., allowed by the official licenser, Mabbott, and printed by J. Coe.ls But friends of Parliament had little of the gift of song. “Perhaps,” says Professor Sir Charles Firth, “it was because the poets were all on the King’s side that the Puritan armies sang psalms rather than war-songs.” Far different with the King’s friends! In particular John Cleveland’s ballads are distinguished by biting satire. Among them are a caustic description of “The Puritan” and a song ridiculing the Most gracious, omnipotent, And everlasting Parliament, Whose power and majestie Is greater then all kings by odds.19 Another writer in 1647 produced “A Review of Rebel¬ lion, in Three Parts,”20 enumerating the unpopular acts of Parliament — its abolition of stage-plays, of the old holidays, of the episcopacy — and concluding with a plea for the restoration of Charles I : If now you would know what remedie There may for all these mischiefes be, Then must king Charles alone Be set upon his throne, For which let’s joyne in one with might and maine; For the times will never mend, Till the Parliament do end, And the king injoves his right againe. 1S Wright, Political Ballads, p. 99. ]9 Ibid., p. 9; Wilkins, Political Ballads, I, 28, 71. 20 Wright, op. cit., p. 13. 28 INTRODUCTION “Hold out, brave Charles, and thou shalt win the field,”21 sang one poet to encourage the King in his refusal to accede to the demands of his jailers. Another, evidently of some social standing, wrote a satiric ballad on Sir Thomas Fairfax’s army, which had just taken up quarters at Whitehall, to inform his readers that Colonel Hewson was a shoemaker, Colonel Pride a drayman, and Cromwell, ex-brewer, a .usurping king.22 More curious still is the ballad of “The Penitent Traytor,” which pro¬ fesses to be the lamentation of “a Devonshire gentleman, who was condemned for high treason, and executed at Tyburn for the same, in the reign of King Henry III, the nineteenth of July, 1267.” 23 Though the ballad gives marginal references to Stow’s Annals , it is a cleverly veiled account of the civil wars of Charles I, told by a Royalist and directed at Pym. It concludes: How would I blesse thee, couldst thou take away My life and infamie both in one day; But this in ballads will survive, I know, Sung to that solemne tune, Fortune, my foe. Hawkers and ballad-singers flourished in spite of the laws requiring their suppression and in spite of occasional mishaps. “The running Stationers of London ,” remarked Quarterman (the Marshal of the Marshalsea) to Water- ton (High Constable of Wapping), in an undated pamphlet called Knaves Are No Honest Men ,2i “I meane such as use to sing Ballads, and those that cryes Malig- -1 Wilkins, Political Ballads, I, 38. 2“ Ibid., I, 65. 23 Wright, Political Ballads, p. 30. Briefer and somewhat different versions are in MS. Rawlinson Poet. 152, fols. 5—7, and the Rump , 1662 (reprint, I, 53). 24 Cambridge University Library, Bb. 12. 59 (G), pp. 13— 14; cf. J. P. Collier’s A Bibliographical and Critical Account, I, 439. 29 CAVALIER AND PURITAN nant Pamphlets in the Streets, have all laid their heads together, and are framing a bill of indytement against us, because divers times to show the power of our Authority, we have taken perforce or torne their ridiculous Papers.” Just how the singer and his audience often acted towards such interruptions by Parliament’s officers is told in Water ton’s reply: “By the masse I thought that some¬ thing was the matter that made the knave so sawcie on Tower-Hill the other day, for I did but bid him to be gone, and not to stand bawling of his Ballads in that manner, and he told me that he would sing there when I was hang’d, nay, perhaps (quoth he) one that shall be thy owne Execution. . . . I’me sure the knave pray’d both for the King, and the Queene too, in the conclusion. [The people] were more readier to uphold him in his knaverie, and breake my pate.” If ballads are a criterion, popular sympathy was over¬ whelmingly for the King. Such sympathy the ballad- writers and the street-singers did not attempt to hide ; so that even into “The Maidens merry meeting, Or, the Maidens healths” 25 — the title of which was hardly cal¬ culated to arouse suspicion — the writer thrust this stanza : A health to King Charles , to his Lords and his Earles, Lord send him long for to reigne Prosper and guide him, Let no ill betide him. I hofe for to see him a game boyes , 1 ho'fre for to see him againe. 'Mercurius Elencticus in its issue for November 12—19, 1647, reports that “on Sunday last there were Papers 20 Manchester Collection, II, 55. 30 INTRODUCTION pasted up in many Churches, and upon severall Gates and Posts throughout the City, inciting the People to rise/5 Even the journalistic “Strange and True News55 26 of an ocean of flies that dropped out of a cloud on the town of Bodmin in Cornwall during 1647 interprets the prodigy as a heavenly warning that peace will never return “Unless our gracious king enjoy his rights and dignities, his queen, and every thing.55 Such, too, is the strongly enforced moral of “A Harmony of Healths55 (No. 21). Though very many ballads of the year 1647 are pre¬ served (cf. Nos. 20—24), yet the number is small when compared to the pamphlets. Most of the ballad-writers, it appears, sooner or later began to write prose booklets, the superiority of which over ballads for personal attacks and effective ridicule was beginning to be felt, largely because of the comparative newness of the medium and the greater space at the writer’s disposal. The number of Royalist pamphlets soon became so large and their attacks on Parliament so stinging that many laws, most of them for a time ineffectual, were made to drive them out of existence. The “blue laws55 passed by Parliament had much to do with the hostile attitude of the people and the pamph¬ leteers. The ban on stage-plays was never popular. Nor was the ordinance of June 3, 1647, which forbade cele¬ brations of the Feast of the Nativity of Christ. Perhaps at this time was written “A Song in defence of Christ- mass,55 preserved in the Rump ( 1662), 27 a sarcastic ballad on the Commons who “are so pure, that they cannot endure to see a Nativity P)^e.55 26 Wright, Political Ballads , p. 38. 2‘ I, 142 (reprint). 31 CAVALIER AND PURITAN IV From 1647 to 1651 the history of the ballad is closely linked with that of the Royalist news-book. During most of that time Martin Parker played a role of great impor¬ tance among the Royalist pamphleteers — John Taylor, Samuel Sheppard, John Cleveland, John Hackluyt, and one Crouch. Others of Parker’s profession who turned from balladry to pamphleteering are often referred to. Mercurius Militaris (No. 2, p. 18) for April, 1649, asserts that the Royalist Mercuries are penned by “Vain Ballad-makers,” while Mercurius Pragmaticus^ rebukes a counterfeit Pragmaticus whose author “shewes him- selfe to bee some bumbast Ballad ?naker , as may appeare by his being so well skild in Second parts to the same tune.” Earlier, Pragmaticus 2 had scoffed at a counter¬ feit as “a pittifull fellow that peeps out of the Presse last week under the Name of Pragmaticus , with a Ballad on his Breast for the better sale of the rest.” Parliament came to regard ballad-writing and pamphleteering as synonymous and equally objectionable. The first of the Royalist Mercuries, Mercurius Melan- cholicus; or , Nezves from W estminster and other Parts , was published by a Presbyterian minister, John Hackluyt, on September 4, 1647. It pictured the state of mind of those who had fought against the King in such a way as to displease both Parliament and the army, while the Royalists were offended by this statement: “The King now shall enjoy his owne againe and the Royall throne shall be arraied with the glorious presence of that mortall Diety, but first let him beare his charge, for ’tis said, his " January 30, 1 649. 32 1 April 24— May 1, 1649. INTRODUCTION armies having lost the held, theil now charge him home, there’s a trivial thing called the innocent blood of three kingdomes is first to be required and a few more such sleight matters and then let him enjoy it if he can, but for your further instructions herein you had better ask the Parliament.” 3 So disloyal a reference not only to the King but to his own famous ballad aroused Parker’s ire: he immediately composed and printed a Melancholicus , challenged Hack- luyt’s “claim to write Melancholicus at all,” and even¬ tually “beat Hackluyt out of the held”; and his paper, which he insisted was the true Melancholicus , can some¬ times be distinguished from its namesake rival by its different style.4 Readers were thus treated to the spec¬ tacle of two,5 and then three, pamphlets with the title of Mercurius Melancholicus , each loudly proclaiming the others to be counterfeits, and often differing in but a few words. For example, one Melancholicus (evidently Hackluyt’s) for September 17-24, 1647, remarks: “ Martin Parker , it seems, is furnished with a prophetick spirit, for I heare he hath penned a very dolefull Ballad, called Luke Harruneys \i.e., Henry Walker’s] Confes¬ sion, and Lamentation at the Gallowes, to the tune of the Earle of Essex last good night”; while Parker’s Melan¬ cholicus substitutes: “ Merlin is furnished with a Pro- pheticall spirit, and hath penned a dolefull Ballad, called Luke Harruneys Confession and Lamentation at the Gallows, To the Tune of the Earl of Essex last good night.” 3 J. B. Williams, A History of English Journalism, p. 80. 4 Ibid., p. 81. 5 Mercurius Elencticus, May 14—21, 1649, complains bitterly of a counterfeit, but admits that the Parliament may soon kill both the counterfeit and the original. So also complains Mercurius Pragmaticus ( for King Charls II), May 8—15, 1649. 33 CAVALIER AND PURITAN Thanks to the following comment in Mercurius Mor- bicus for September 20-27, 1647, Parker’s editorship of a counterfeit Melancholicus is an established fact: The last weeke he \M elancholicus\ appeared with double ( I anus ) faces under one hood. But this weekes appearance is no lesse then a Cerberus (a triple headed monster) the joynt furies which assisted the first two being now divided, by cheating one another, they part stakes and exeunt. But who can chuse but laugh to see the knaves call one another so, especially when Martin Parker , and Swallow Crouch are the other visible heads, joyne with Hacket upon the body of this Monster. . . Two heads of the Monster are alike poysonous, and blow the same infection together; but Hacket (whose proselytes they are) spues out the venome by himselfe. What then, shall I encounter with a triple headed fury? were they legions, I feare them not, they are ... at enmity amongst them¬ selves; What (sayes one of them) another Melancholicus , this is pro¬ digious , these twins have one name , but not one father ; if you goe about to affright me with my owne shape , you must produce one more horrid. Horrid shapes is the essentiall part of Melancholicus , two of them 6 tell one story, of peeping through the pillory, & of Propheticall spirits , and of lamentations at the gallows. This was collected out of M. Hackets notes last Newgate Sessions, where he was a great soliciter for the malefactors, fearing that if Macqueere 7 had been hanged for a principle, himselfe would have been found an accessary: And as for Martin Parkers doleful Ballad , there was some reason for it, when he and his bride were both carried to Newgate , the same day they were married. I have found no other explicit statement that Parker edited Melancholicus , but as the three books so named 6 /. e., the two issues of September 17—24, 1647, quoted on page 33, above. ‘ John Macquire, an Irishman, formerly an officer under the Earl of Essex, was in September, 1647, sentenced to be hanged for rioting before Newgate in a jail delivery. See my discussion of this whole passage in Modern Philology , XIX (1921), 80-81. 34 INTRODUCTION were published sporadically for some time, there can be little doubt that, except during intervals of hiding and imprisonment, Parker continued to edit his counterfeit, lustily claiming it as the original paper. During these intervals of silence some friend of Par¬ ker’s, like John Taylor, took up his work. “Courteous Reader,” runs the announcement of an issue (probably Parker’s) of Melancholic us for July 17—24, 1648, “take notice of a false Melancholicus which came forth on Fryday: Numb. 46. Printed by a deaf Schismatical Round-head” (probably Hackluyt). Parenthetically it may be added that Hackluyt’s loyalty was vehemently and, as later events showed, rightly suspected by his associates, and that the question of which was the true and which the counterfeit Melancholic us agitated only the respective editors, Parliament objecting with equal bitterness to any tract published under that name. A Melancholicus for July 31— August 7, 1648, again appar¬ ently attacks Parker: “Let me inform you Gentlemen, how both your purses, and my self are abused by a brace of bastard Melancholicusses , that would perswade me out of my Christen Name; but if they shall but dare to peep out their horns the next week, I shall so cudgel them in again, that I shall make them known to their persecutors at Westminster, and make Newgate the habi¬ tation of the one [ ^Sheppard], and Bridewel of the other [^Parker].” As this warning passed unheeded, the issue for the following week (August 7—14) exposed Parker and John (?) Crouch on the one hand and Samuel Sheppard on the other: Loving and Loyall Reader, once more I am forc’d to let you know how greatly I am abused by a paire of brethren in iniquity, the one 35 CAVALIER AND PURITAN [Parker] a scrubbed Pamphleter, the other a Crouch- backt Printer, both which have done more mischief to heroick pens, then well can be imagined, the false Melancholicus differing from the true, as much as chawlk from cheese: But if they persist to abuse your expectations, in my next I promise to give up their names unto the publike: that which came forth last Munday, was a counterfeit also, his small-beere Rimes savouring more of Arcadia , then Pernassus , more of a Sheppard then a Poet: but if I heare him creak again, lie break his Pipe. Farewell. Unfortunately the next week’s issue did not carry out these threats, and Parker was spared the dangerous pub¬ licity we should now like to read. On September 27, 1647, the House of Commons passed an ordinance forbidding the publication of any unlicensed book, pamphlet, treatise, or ballad, and pro¬ viding appropriate penalties: for the author, a fine of forty shillings or an imprisonment of forty days; for the printer, twenty shillings or twenty days; for the book¬ seller, ten shillings or ten days. The pedlar, hawker, or ballad-singer was to have his stock confiscated and to be publicly flogged.8 To Henry Walker was entrusted the delicate task of detecting the unlicensed printers; and, according to Melancholicus (October 9—16), he baited “his mouse-traps at every corner of the City” to catch ballads and pamphlets. So unsuccessful was he that in October the Commons passed another ordinance for the suppression of scandalous pamphlets, especially Mer - « curius Melancholicus and Mercurius Pragmaticus, order¬ ing the Committee on Scandalous Pamphlets to find out and imprison the editors and printers and to seize the printing presses.9 On January 6 the Committee was s Rushworth, Historical Collections, IV, II, 884. 9 Ibid., p. 914. 36 INTRODUCTION ordered to meet daily;10 on January 11 it was given unlimited powers; and it soon became known as the Derby House Committee.11 This legislation, however, proved ineffectual except in making authors and printers more careful; though of course ballad-singing became almost impossible. The fight made by the ballad-writers and pamphleteers was one for a fundamental principle of liberty — freedom of speech — and was also being fought by playwrights and actors. In February, 1648, the House of Commons offered rewards for the discovery of the editors of Prag- maticus and Melancholicus ,12 and the editor (or author) of the latter wrote: “But £20 for Melancholicus! Come along customers, who bids more — he will yield a better price than this in Turkie. Come on Mr. Selden — the other £20 and then he shall tell you more of his minde — an ordinance for it too!”13 Great efforts were now made to suppress the Mercuries. Innumerable spies were employed — among them being John Partridge, Fisk, Latham, and Booker (“a maker of Almanacks, he had two handsome daughters & kept a Wine Ale-house”14), at all of whom Parker had scoffed in his ballad of “When the King Enjoys His Own Again.” “I have more to say,” remarks Melancholicus (No. 6), “ but this is enough for a penny, and so God give you a good night: Walker and his setting-Dogs are upon the scent.” The next issue resumes its remonstrance against the censorship of the press, and humorously draws comfort from temporary imprisonment: “Witnesse Melancholicus and Pragma - 10 Rushworth, Historical Collections, IV, ii, 957. 11 J. B. Williams, A History of English Journalism , p. 90. "Rushworth, op. cit., IV, ii, 1006. 13 Williams, op. cit., p. 92. 14 Don Zara Del Fogo (1656), ch. II, p. 11. 37 CAVALIER AND PURITAN ticus his brother, who were stroke dead with an infectious Ordinance from the Parliament . . . and they are now alive againe and as lusty as ever they were . . . Me- thinks I am somewhat lighter-hearted then I was; I see it is good to be dead a while; I could wish (if it might be without offence) the Parliament and Army dead too, but Pie make my steel-rod fetch blood on ’em.” Mercurius El enc ticus (April 26— May 3, 1648) iron¬ ically informed the searchers: “Be confident thou shalt never find mee out, for I have a trick to walke Invissible. I can every day Pry into the secretest of the Rebells counsells, I carry a Presse in my Pocket , and can Print in my ClossetP Later (November 1—8), when a reward for its suppression had been offered, the paper com¬ mented: “Come Thirty pound for Elencticus ; who bids more? for just so much is offered, and a Sunday Pudding into the bargained ’ Parker himself probably wrote this comment in a Melancholicus for July 17—24: “What Melancholicus apprehended and imprisoned? Tush, No such thing, they say one Hacluyit a small Sequestred Minister is confined unto Peter-house , where there is great company upon my credit; or thinke you that there are not more Melanchollicusses then one.” Throughout the year 1648 the pamphleteers were con¬ tinually being arrested. The prisons were full, but the prisoners usually managed to escape or were rescued by Royalist sympathizers. On August 9 the House of Commons1'' requested from the Sergeant-at-Arms a list of prisoners who had been rescued or who had escaped; but this inquiry seems to have done no good, for, on January 5, 1649, the House again ordered that “it be lo Journals, V, 666. 38 INTRODUCTION referred to the Committee of the Tower, to examine the Business touching Peter House, and of the Escape of the Prisoners from thence; and to consider of a fit House, to be appointed for the Serjeant at Arms that attends this House, to keep his Prisoners. ” 16 Peter House was Lord Petre’s house in Aldersgate Street, the usual London prison for Royalists, controlled by Henry Cymball. That Parker had experienced Cymbal l’s hospitality or had stood in the pillory is sug¬ gested by a statement in the first issue of Mercurius Anti-Mer cur ius (September 12—19, 1648): “What Monster is this? why forsooth it is Melancholicus with three heads, whereof two are counterfeits; the one [Parker] studies the Lamentations in a Cage, the second [Hackluyt] lately peep’d through a Pillory, the third [ ?John Crouch] lyes Crouch- ing in every corner for feare of a Catch-poll.” According to the same pamphlet, Samuel Sheppard was then, after an escape from prison, editing Mercurius Dogmaticus. It seems reasonable to believe that Parker, having escaped from prison, was the editor who wrote in his issue for June 19—26, 1648: “Melanchollicus hath got his foot out of the springe at Peterhouse , and hath made-an [sic] escape (because he was neere starv’d by that murdering villane Symhall ,) he is in very good health . . . and sends commendations to his freinds there, Mr. Shepheard , John Harrison , and the rest.” As soon as the pamphleteers escaped, they resumed publication of their Mercuries, or carried on the Mercury of some imprisoned friend, or started a Mercury with a new title. Parker (to say nothing of Lookes, Price, 16 Journals, VI, 111. 39 CAVALIER AND PURITAN Humphrey Crouch, and others) continued to write bal¬ lads in the midst of his pamphleteering. He and Lookes are mentioned in Mercurius Pragmaticus for June, 1648, as “high-flying wits of balladry” (cf. No. 9). In a tract of the same year, The Kentish Fayre. Or , The Parlia¬ ment sold to their best worth ,17 mention is made of Colonel “Bark-stead, the proud Thimble-maker, who walkes the round each night at Westminster , a Fool in folio yet a mighty Talker, whose Complements are tane from Martin Parker On September 13, 1648, Captain Francis Bethen was made provost-marshal with power to seize upon all ballad-singers and sellers of malignant pamphlets, and to suppress stage-plays.18 Bethen succeeded in rooting out hawkers and ballad-singers. Surreptitious ballad-print¬ ing, however, flourished vigorously. No ballads were entered at Stationers’ Hall before 1656, but licenses were granted. Thus the ballad of “Colonell Rains- borowes Ghost,”19 a journalistic account of the assassi¬ nation by three Royalists of a faithful officer of the Par¬ liament’s army, was printed under the authority and with the initials of the official licenser, Theodore Jennings. In his attempts to crush plays and Mercuries, Bethen was not altogether successful. He himself was allowed five shillings a day, and was provided with a deputy, who was paid three shillings and fourpence, and with twenty men, who were paid a shilling and sixpence.20 Mercurius Pragmaticus (September 12—19, 1648) jeered at the new Provost-Marshal’s “compassing the Citie to and fro . . . to prevent all Stage-Plaies , that no Tragedies may be 11 E. 446 (21), p. 6. 18 Whitelocke’s Memorials , 1732, p. 337. 19 Cf. Wright, Political Ballads , p. 107. 20 Mercurius Melancholicus , September 18—25, 1648. 4° INTRODUCTION acted but their own, and suppresse all honest Books and Ballads .” The Parliament Porter (September 18—25) admitted that Bethen had already caught and whipped many ballad-singers and pamphlet-hawkers, but assured him that even if he had the hands of Briareus he could not seize and destroy all the ballads and news-books. What with rewards, spies, and the activities of the Provost-Marshal, the editors, in spite of their boasting, led a precarious existence. On December 5, Mercurius Elencticus was forced to admit: “I had much adoe to Creep out the last Weeke so opportunely as usuall: for the Bloud-hounds were so hot in the Chase , that I had scarce Leisure to Print my Intelligence; and avoid their pursuit.” With all their gayety, their superb nerve and pluck, the Royalist editors, like the ballad-singers, fought a losing game. Such of their news-books as were strug¬ gling on ran against almost insuperable difficulties when General Fairfax and the army, in December, 1648, occu¬ pied the city. The vigor with which Fairfax aided in the search, the redoubled efforts of the spies, led to a total cessation of professional ballad-singing and hin¬ dered the publication and distribution of the Mercuries. On the fifth day of January, the House of Commons21 requested the Lord General to put into effect, through his marshal Bethen, all existing ordinances concerning scandalous pamphlets. Four days later, Fairfax issued a warrant to the Provost-Marshal of the Army directing him to enforce all the licensing acts. “There is,” Mer¬ curius Melancholicus 22 commented, “a generation called Peepers (Creatures of the Committees own begetting,) who like the Divell (their chief Lord) thrust their heads 21 Journals, VI, 111. 22 No. 21, January, 1649. 4i CAVALIER AND PURITAN into every comer to finde out objects whereon to vent their trayterous and base designes ; I am sure, any honest man abhorres the thought of 'em; . . . how many honest men have they abused in finding out Pragmaticus and Melancholic us , as Mr. Shepeard, Mr. Hack’let, and others, yet the Gentlemen are as innocent as the day[ !] ; and why may not these Devills . . . convert them¬ selves into spleen against any one so long as they are countenanced by a Parliamentall Priviledge; but I shall be sure to look to my selfe, so let them beware.” Perfect Occurrences , with the other licensed news-books, delighted in telling of the misfortunes of the Royalist editors. In its issue for January 18—25, 1649, f°r example, it an¬ nounces that “ Mercurius Pragmaticus was this day [January 18] brought Prisoner to Whitehall. And another new Mercury 3 dayes before worse than he.” At the middle of the year 1649, Cleveland was editing Pragmaticus , Sheppard Elencticus , Taylor Melancholi- cus2Z but Parker has disappeared. He may have been in prison. In any case he was certainly dead by the end of 1652. 24 John Taylor died in December, 1653, Mercurius Democritus2 0 attributing his death to “the want of money.” But one by one the Royalist Mercuries had perished before the death of Martin Parker. To aid in their suppression, Parliament appointed new provost- marshals and passed a stringent Treason Act in 1649. It provided the death penalty (hanging, drawing, and quartering) for any person who should “write, print, or openly declare” that the Commonwealth was “tyranni- J. B. Williams, A History of English J ournalism, pp. Ill f. -4 See my notes in Modern Philology , XIX (1921), 79. 2j November 9— January 2 5, 1653—54. 42 INTRODUCTION cal, usurped, or unlawful” or that “the Commons in Parliament assembled were not the supreme authority of the nation.” 26 How little attention the authors and printers of ballads paid to this Act, the contents of the present book2' will show. As a result of their pamphleteering, ballad-writers helped to develop a medium that led to some diminution in the popularity of the ballad and, ultimately, to its decay. For with the development of news-pamphlets the range of ballads was greatly lessened and their clientele diminished. That newspapers, through the stages of the corantos and the books of news, arose from ballads is indisputable, but equally important is the fact that, in the beginning of the newspapers, professional ballad- writers and ballad-singers played an important part. Composed partly by the same authors, printed, advertised, and distributed by the same means, the early news-books and ballads came in for an equal amount of badinage and abuse. News-writers of the interregnum are scornfully de¬ scribed as “Grub-street Pamphleteers,”28 who “thank their stars, and congratulate their own good fortune, if any sad accident fall out, or Fire happen in the City: and if a Witch or a Murderer be condemned to die, rather then he shall want a winding-sheet, they’ll be so chari¬ table as to lend him half of theirs.”29 John Crouch, himself a veteran pamphleteer, asserts that for “scribling a whol sheet” authors got “a pot or a Pipe, or perhaps 26 Whitelocke, Memorials, 1732, p. 427; Williams, op. cit., p. 110. 27 See especially Nos. 42-44, S3. 2S Perfect Diurnal, December 26,1642; Mercurius Fidelicus, August 17—24, 1648; Laughing Mercury, September 30-October 6, 1652, and October 6-12, 1652. Mercurius Mastix, August 20—27, 1648. 43 CAVALIER AND PURITAN (if it take ) half a Crown to pay for their lodging and diet a moneth after”30; but John Hall was hired, accord¬ ing to popular rumor at least, for five pounds a week to write Mercurius Britannicus?x a salary that must have surpassed that of ballad-writers in their palmiest days. The number of pamphleteers — they “prey upon the Printer or Stationer, the Stationer on the Hawker, and the Hawker upon Everybody”32 — was enormous. Unlike the penny ballads, the news-pamphlets cus¬ tomarily sold for twopence, though counterfeits some¬ times tried to increase their sales by charging a penny or three halfpence.33 The issues were small: perhaps two hundred copies 34 was the average. A comparatively large number of these news-books have been preserved (notably in the Thomason and Burney Collections in the British Museum) ; they will always remain a memorial to a group of men — humble ballad-writers like Parker and third-rate poets like Cleveland and Taylor — who at the risk of limb and life waged a superb fight for an unworthy king perhaps but certainly for tolerance, liberty, and freedom of speech. V Among the Levellers, the Presbyterians, and the Inde¬ pendents, there were not lacking some who spoke plainly to Parliament. Milton, whose Areopagitica is always 00 Mercurius Democritus His Last Will , p. 6 ( ca . 1648). 31 Anatomy of the Westminster Juncto} 1648, p. 6. 32 Mercurius Mastix , No. 1, p. 2. 33 See Mercurius Censorious , June 1—8, and Mercurius Pragmalicus , December 19—26, 1648. In an early issue of Mercurius Britannicus (August 25— September 1, 1645) sixpence is said to be the price. °4 See Mercurius Elencticus , June 7—14, 1648, p. 222. 44 INTRODUCTION praised for its plea for freedom of the press, did not want all printing to be uncensored: he had no sympathy with the tracts and ballads I have discussed. He considered them abominations, and would undoubtedly have urged that the cord and the axe be called upon to crush them. Far more liberal was the “Petition of firm and constant friends to the Parliament and Commonwealth,” which on January 19, 1649, urged the granting of liberty to the press, reminding the Commons that if “you and your army shall be pleased to look back a little upon affairs you will find you have bin very much strengthened all along by unlicensed printing. . . . The liberty [of the press] . . . appears so essential unto Freedom, as that without it, it’s impossible to preserve any nation from being liable to the worst of bondage. For what may not be done to that people who may not speak or write, but at the pleasure of Licensers4?” 1 Although this petition was disregarded, the licensers customarily dealt leniently with ballads. One might suppose that they would have found objectionable the advice to Fairfax, Cromwell, and the nation given by John Saltmarsh in the ballad of “Strange and Wonderful Predictions” (No. 22), but it was licensed by Gilbert Mabbott, and printed by John Hammond, who is sar¬ castically described in Mercurius Pragmaticus (April 23— 30, 1649) as £ learned Mr. Hammond the Presbiterian ball ad- printer.” Hammond printed ballads of almost every kind — jocular, journalistic, satirical, as well as political. One of his most striking ballads, “Strange News from Brotherton in Yorkshire,”2 gravely tells how in 1648 wheat rained from the skies. Equally sensational 1 Williams, A History of English Journalism, pp. 62-63. 2 Manchester, II, 39. . r CAVALIER AND PURITAN are the numerous pamphlets on witchcraft that came from his press. The licenser no doubt read and authorized the publica¬ tion of Hammond’s ballads. Probably, too, his authority was secured for “England’s Monthly Predictions for 1649” (No. 25), although of such authority the sheet bears no indication. A striking group of surreptitious ballads of the year 1649 ls reprinted below. No more remarkable ballads than “The Twelve Brave Bells of Bow” (No. 33) and “Gallant News from Ireland” (No. 38) have ever been printed. The latter boasts of the defeats that Lord Inchiquin had just inflicted on Parliament’s forces, loyally prays for the return of Charles II, and violates the Treason Act in every stanza. More seditious still was the “Hymn to Cromwell” (No. 39), which deals with the same general subject as the “Gallant News.” No licenser would have dreamed of giving his imprimatur to these songs, though Nos. 34, 35, 40, 61, and others — several of them Royalist at least by implication — were evidently passed by the censor. A pamphlet called The Independents' Loyalty (1648) declares that “the King is kept from his Wife and Chil¬ dren, and scorned and reviled, and more Ballads made of him, and abuses put upon him, then ever King David had.”3 A specimen of the libelous songs here referred to, dated as early as 1645, can be seen No. 13, which viciously attacks Charles I and his entire family. Only a few ballads of this type have survived. Even a diligent collector like George Thomason paid nearly all his atten¬ tion to pamphlets and books: nobody seems to have attempted to make a complete collection of ballads. To 3 p. 22. 46 INTRODUCTION be sure, John Selden was interested in them, and his col¬ lection at his death (1654) passed into the possession of Samuel Pepys, who augmented it to its present great size. But it is a striking fact that among Pepys’s collection there are almost no political ballads, few of any other type, that date from the Commonwealth period. Even on so important an event as the execution of the King, Thomason secured only two or three of the printed ballads. His failure to secure others is not surprising, for they were searched for ruthlessly and, when found, destroyed by agents of Parliament. Of the unlicensed ballads, one of the most interesting is preserved in a single imperfect copy and is here reprinted (No. 29). Another, with the striking title of “A Coffin for King Charles: A Crowne for Cromwell : A Pit for the People,”4 represents the three as stating their views. From the throne Cromwell declares, Now Charles the I. is tumbled down, the second, I not feare; but the reply of the people is ominous : To our revenge knee deepe in gore we would not feare to wade. From heaven among the angels, Charles I predicts that “twelve moneths shall full conclude your power.” But almost twelve years were required. An official account, as it were, is given in the ballad of “The King’s Last Farewell to the World” (No. 28), which was licensed by Theodore Jennings on the very day of the execution; while “The Weeping Widow” (No. 30), undoubtedly without license, told of the personal sorrow of the Queen. 4 Wright, Political Ballads , p. 117; Wilkins, Political Ballads, I, 79. 47 CAVALIER AND PURITAN Two daring ballads that followed shortly after are reprinted below (Nos. 32, 36). One, “The Royal Health to the Rising Sun/’ earnestly prays for the accession of Prince Charles to the throne; the other, “Gallant News from the Seas,” gives the sentiments of a thoroughly loyal army and navy. Both are rhythmically pleasing, and both are noteworthy in bearing the initials of their printers. It is difficult to see how the printers escaped (if they did escape) detection and punishment. Possibly the initials were assumed. But loyal printers never lacked courage and daring: danger had no effect in stopping them from publishing flagrantly seditious broadsides. Thomas Raymond, in his Autobiography ,5 gives an incident that is characteristic of all the Royalists. He tells of hearing a sermon, soon after Charles I’s death, at St. Mary Aldermary’s, it being death then for any man and especially ministers to speak in vindication of that good King. The preacher fell to aggravate the great sins whereof we were guilty and having instanced in several great and crying ones, “Nay,” said he, “we have put to death our King, our most gracious and good King” — at which he made a little pause (the people amazed and gazing about expecting the preacher should be pulled out of the pulpit) but he added — “the Lord Jesus Christ by our sins and transgression.” On September 20, 1649, Parliament passed the most repressive ordinance against printing up to that time known.6 It put into effect all the existing statutes, in¬ creased all penalties, ordered all news-books to be licensed, and required every printer to make a bond of £300 not to print anything offensive to the government. 8 Ed. G. Davies, Camden Society, 1917, p. 59. 6 It is elaborately summarized in Mercurius Elencticus, September 24-October 1, 1649. Cf. Williams, A History of English J ournalismi p. 120. INTRODUCTION It also confined printing, except by special license, to London and the two Universities, prescribing for vio¬ lations of this provision a fine of £10 and defacing of press and types. The only exceptions were that a press at Finsbury and another at York were permitted to print psalms and Bibles. A further provision was that no “hawkers shall be any more permitted ; and that they and all ballad-singers, wheresoever they are or may be appre¬ hended, shall forfeit all books, pamphlets, ballads and papers by them exposed to sale, and shall ... be conveyed and carried to the House of Correction, there to be whipt as common rogues, and then dismissed/’ The Act was to expire in two years. All licensed news-books, save for two or three official journals, were swept out of existence by this act, and by the end of the year only two unlicensed Royalist news- books survived. All the Royalist books were dead by June, 1650. Furthermore, strict application of the law brought many hardships to such hawkers and ballad- singers as dared venture openly on the streets. “Would You have thought,” asked Mercurius Pragmaticus ( for King Chari s //), in its issue for October 9—16, 1649, “that the State-Rampant could have [been] so sensible of a little Malignant Inke, as should make them thunder out such Anathema’s against the societies of Hawkers and Ballad-singers?” or that they “should find no fitter thing to triumph in, then trampling upon the necks of silly women and Children, for but crying Bookes and Pamph¬ lets about the Streets, whereby to get their living, to avoid the Miseries otherwise attending them in these uncharitable times?” The Man in the Moon for January 9-16, 1650, re- 49 CAVALIER AND PURITAN ported that two women had been “committed close prisoners to Old-Bridewell this last weeke about that Paper, one of which hath her Husband Mr. Edward Crouch lying in Newgate about printing The Man in the Moon , and must there starve, unlesse God feed him as he did the Prophet Elijah; for being both he and his Wife imprisoned, all meanes of livelyhood is taken away from them: another poore Woman, named Ratcliff e , they have almost whipt to death, and kept this quarter of a yeare in Newgate , till she is scarce able to stand or goe.” On March 1 8, John Teague, yeoman, of Whitechapel, was arrested and forced to give bond for his appearance at the next Sessions of the Peace on an indictment of “being a hawker and seller of scandalous and seditious pamphlettes &c.”7 The persecution of hawkers and singers was not confined to London but spread throughout the provinces. Mercurius Pragmaticus ( for King Charts 7/)s waxed indignant over a “barbarous act” committed by the late Alderman Hoyle, M.P. (cf. No. 42), upon a minstrel, “one Young , who because hee was found playing to some Company upon a Sunday after Prayers; hee caused him to bee shut up in an ugly hole under one of the Arches of Owse-Bridge . . . where, by the extreame dampnesse and clossenesse of the Place, hee was suffocated within a fewhoures after.” Whenever ballad-singers did venture on the streets, they sometimes ended their songs with a hypo¬ critical prayer for the ruling powers. “At the close of something read by a ballett-monger in the streete,” wrote Sir Nicholas L’Estrange,9 “he cryed, 'God save the King 7 J. C. JeafFreson, Middlesex County Records y III, 194. 8 July 17—24, 1649. See also Mercurius Elencticus , July 16-24, 1649. 9 W. J. Thoms, Anecdotes and Traditions , p. 61 (Camden Society edition). 50 INTRODUCTION and the Parliament’ ; sayes a merry fellow that went by, ‘God save the King, the Parliament will looke well enough to save themselves.’ ” A final prayer was so thoroughly a part of ballad-conventions that it could hardly be omitted even after the King was dead and an oppressive Parliament in his place. One witty writer took refuge in sarcasm: God bless our Noble Parliament, And rid them from all fears, God bless all th’ Commons of this Land, And God bless some o’ th* Peers}0 Another, more boldly still, declared: And now I would gladly conclude my Song, With a Prayer as Ballads are used to do, But yet Pie forbear, for I think er’t be long, We shall have a King and a Parliament too.11 Whatever the difficulties experienced by ballad-singers, the law seems to have had no terrors for ballad-printers. JohnPlayford’s dance-collections belong to the year 1650; as do, also, “The Downfall of William Grismond”12 and other journalistic ballads. On January 4, twenty-seven barrels of gunpowder stored in the house of Robert Porter, in Tower Street, exploded, killing some forty persons, injuring many others, wrecking houses for yards around, and resulting in the most disastrous fire London had known for years. The damage was estimated at £60,000. A not very sympathetic account of this catas¬ trophe is given in The Man in the Moon for January 2—9. Francis Grove printed a pamphlet on it called 10 Merry Drollery , 1661, ed. J. W. Ebsworth, p. 90, The ballad first appeared in 1633. 11 Rump, 1662 (reprint), I, 307. 11 See Chappell’s Popular Music , II, 423, and Roxburghe Ballads , VIII, 70. 5i CAVALIER AND PURITAN Deaths Master-Peece,lz and then, as printers had been accustomed to do since 1560, issued a ballad summar¬ izing and advertising the pamphlet. The ballad itself, in a sorely mutilated copy, survives only in the Manchester Collection.14 A libelous ballad on the death of William Herbert, Earl of Pembroke (No. 42), of the year 1650, illustrates the daring of Royalist writers and the ease with which printers evaded the laws. Hardly any subject could have been handled more offensively than this. In 1651, a sensationally loyal ballad — “The Lady’s Lamentation for the Loss of her Landlord” (No. 44) — was printed by Richard Burton. The Lady is a thin disguise for England, the Landlord an even thinner disguise for Charles II. Towards the end, all secrecy is thrown aside, and open regret is expressed for Prince Charles’s defeat at Worcester, for his subsequent flight, and for the great dangers through which he was passing. “I’ll find out my true love wherever he be,” says the Lady boldly; yet her boldness was as nothing to that of the printer. The expiration of the Licensing Act in 1651 may have encour¬ aged Burton to print the ballad, but it is hardly con¬ ceivable that he escaped some punishment or other. Just as daring was one A. E., the printer of “Articles of Agreement betwixt Prince Charles and Scotland” (No. 43), a loyal ballad in which the once-despised Scots are held up to the emulation of Englishmen for their acceptance of King Charles II. Perhaps it was difficult to find jurymen who would convict seditious printers. Thus when, on October 14, 1651, Robert Vaughan was tried on three indictments for engraving and selling a 13 E. 589 (16). u II, 13. 52 INTRODUCTION portrait of Charles II bearing a traitorous inscription, he was promptly acquitted by the jury.15 In 1651 several of the former Royalist journalists, like John Crouch and Samuel Sheppard, resumed the publi¬ cation of news-books, but these were licensed and for that reason expressed comparatively cautious opinions. Never¬ theless, Crouch sometimes criticized the government severely: he was especially outspoken about the anti¬ stage laws and the arrests of actors.16 Hawkers and ballad-singers, too, seem for a time to have done active street-selling. Mercurius Pragmaticus (June 15-22, 1652) observes that “when the Hawkers come roaring along the streets, like the religious ballad singers of Bar¬ tholomew fayre, the high Crowrd [sic] Citizen pricks up his ears and Cranes his neck over the bulk, till he look as blew under the gills as an Eelskin to hear whether there be any news.” Along with the news-books came a flood of prognosti¬ cations and almanacs. William Lilly’s predictions for 1652 were exceptionally fearful, and they were capably echoed in the ballad of “England’s New Bell-Man”17 and in Laurence Price’s Shepherds Prognostication . All three prophets made much of an impending eclipse of the sun, which, when it occurred, frightened many worthy citizens almost out of their wits, as John Evelyn scorn¬ fully noted in his diary. A nameless scoffer printed a broadside “On Bugbear Black-Monday, March 29. 1652. Or, The London-Fright at the Eclipse proceeding from a Natural cause,”18 inquiring of his readers: 15 Jeaffreson, Middlesex County Records , III, 205 f. 16 See my “Contribution to the History of the English Commonwealth Drama,” Studies in Philology (XVIII, 267-333), July, 1921, fassim. 17 Lord Crawford’s Catalogue , No. 156. 18 Luttrell Collection, II, 22. 53 CAVALIER AND PURITAN Was’t Laurence Price’s Shepherd’s Gnostication With cunning Will’s wise Astrologization, That put ye in distemper, and such fits, As if their folly practis’d on your wits? To ridicule Lilly’s work, Robert Eeles printed a ballad called “Strange Predictions.”19 Eeles had been impris¬ oned three or four times by order of Parliament for printing objectionable matter; but the “Strange Predic¬ tions” is wholly inoffensive. His name appears also in the colophon of the ballad called “A Total Rout, Or a Brief Discovery of a Pack of Knaves and Drabs,”20 a tirade on contemporary vices, especially swearing. After Prince Charles had been defeated at Worcester, Cromwell forced the Parliament to agree to an amnesty, which embraced certain malignant pamphlets. You see how large this Pardon is, It pardons all our Mercuries , And poets too, for you know they Are poor, and have not aught to pay, wrote the mocking author of a ballad “Upon the Gen¬ eral Pardon Pass’d by the Rump.”21 Liberty of the press was, however, far from being achieved. On January 7, 1653, the printing act of 1649 was made permanent, further restrictions were added to it, and Gilbert Mabbott was reappointed licenser. The greatest period of perse¬ cution ever known by the English press followed, at least eighteen printers being sent to Newgate within the space of two months.22 Strangely enough, ballad-printing was but slightly affected by this law, though there are ample 19 Wright, Political Ballads, p. 123. 20 Ibid., p. 131 (1653). 21 Wilkins, Political Ballads, I, 98. "Williams, A History of English Journalism, p. 151. 54 INTRODUCTION grounds for believing that in the streets ballad-singing practically ceased. In the provinces as well, the laws against singers and hawkers were often rigidly enforced. In 1655, for example, William Withers, of the Devizes, was sent to the House of Correction by the Mayor of Marlborough “for singing of ballets contrary to the statute, and was sharply puneshed for it, and soe de¬ livered.’523 In 1656 various minstrels were whipped in Yorkshire.24 A vulgar satirical pamphlet by Sir John Birkenhead called Bibliotheca Parliamenti (June 23, 1653) adver¬ tises one of the “Books to be sold in Little-Brittaine55 as “An excellent new Ballad, entituled The life of a souldier to the tune of No body else shall plunder but /, by Major General Lambert , together with an Appendix de generatione hominum , by Lieut. Gen. Harrison , a prac¬ titioner in that Science.55 The licensed news-pamphlets delighted in grotesque and sensational journalism: at no time had the ballad-writers furnished a greater strain on the credulity of readers. Mercurius Democritus for July 27— August 3, 1653, jeers at the Parliament Be out for its incredible stories of a man in the West arraigned and condemned for 27 Wives; and of another in the North, for broiling of her own Child on a Gridiron; and a Third Lie, of a Woman that chopt her own Child a pieces, and bak’d it in a Py; this strange News made the Ballad-makers run to the Carriers of those Places to know the truth of these things; but the poor Ballad-makers, after they had spent their stock on the Carriers , and found nothing of this true, returned home again cursing the Grubstreet Newes-Mongers, who had so basely deceived them. 13 Hist. MSS. Comm. Report on MSS. in Various Collections (1901), I, 131. u North Riding Records , V, 212, 218, 221. 55 CAVALIER AND PURITAN These yarns appear also in The Dutch Diurnall for July 19-26, 1653. There were “never more poetasters, versifiers, rhymers then this year,” Merlinus Anonymus (sig. C 5V) wrote in 1653. Nor was the statement exaggerated. Very many ballads dated 1653 are extant. Interesting as a purely journalistic work is “The Salisbury Assizes” (No. 48), which chronicles the crimes and execution of the witch, Anne Bodenham. Political ballads abound. One of them, the work of a melancholy Royalist, mournfully begins, “Have you the hungry bloodhounds seen4?” (No. 49), symbolizing Parliament as a pack of hounds who have chased one king to death and are greedily pursuing another, Prince Charles. A second, by I. H., is “The Souldiers Sad Complaint”25 for lack of pay. Another, “A Christmas Song,”26 points out the lamentable changes made in England by the Long Parliament and prays for the restoration of All things that were undone before, That we may Christians be. The Long Parliament was violently dissolved by Cromwell on April 20, 1653, and Royalist ballad-writers flooded the city with satiric songs. S. S. (possibly Samuel Sheppard, but more probably Samuel Smithson) wrote “The Parliament Routed: Or, Here’s a House To Be Let.” 27 Of a similar nature is the ballad of “The House out of Doors.” 28 The House of Commons took vigorous steps to crush this unlicensed printing. On August 6 it appointed a committee to examine into the printing of “scurrilous 25 Lord Crawford’s Catalogue, No. 703. 26 Wilkins, Political Ballads, I, 117. "r Ibid., I, 105 (cf. Ill), Wright, Political Ballads, p. 126. 28 Wilkins, op. cit. I, 100. 56 INTRODUCTION Ballads and Pamphlets,” to report on how the laws pre¬ viously made against them had become so defective, and “to offer some further remedy for the Redress of that Abuse.”29 But the trade of the rhymers was not seriously damaged by this and other investigations, although in¬ dividual offenders suffered severely at times. Libels abounded. George Thomason preserved a number, on one of which he wrote: “This Libell was printed and scattered vp and downe ye Streets about ye latter end of September, 1653.” 30 Official licensers, however, viewed ballads with not intolerant eyes, and permitted many to be published. “Joyful News for England” (No. 51) is a competent news-story of the treaty of peace signed at London in 1654 by English and Dutch commissioners, and is noticeable for its favorable attitude to the Lord Protector. Humphrey Crouch’s broadside, “Lady Pecunia’s Journey” (No. 54), too, must have been licensed. There is, indeed, a sanctimonious air about it that should have made for popularity. Far different is “Jack the Plough-lad’s Lamentation” (No. 55), a ballad signed with the initials of Thomas Robins, and bearing the full name of its printer, Richard Burton. It is a Royalist song of the most barefaced and audacious type. The striking reference to Charles II in the refrain, Would God that my Master would come home again, must have made the ballad enormously popular among adherents of the exiled prince; but it is difficult to under- 29 Several Proceedings of Parliament , August 2—8. 30 E. 714 (7). For an action against the author of a “trayterous paper of verses against his Highnesse the Lord Protector” in the courts on August 7, 1654, see Jeaffreson, Middlesex County Records , III, 229. 57 CAVALIER AND PURITAN stand how Burton succeeded in printing songs like this without molestation. I have found no account of any action against him, but according to the law of proba¬ bilities most of his time should have been spent in prison. VI Throughout the interregnum, pamphlets helped to supply the absence of amusements that Parliament had forbidden. For example, after the theatres were closed, brief satirical plays in pamphlet form sprang up on every side and attained great popularity. So, too, when ballads were frowned on by the government and ballad-singers were flogged at sight, pamphleteers came to the rescue by inserting ballads regularly in their sheets. Especially in the weekly news-books issued by John Crouch, balladry held a prominent place. The history of the Crouches is obscure. 1 There appear to have been at least two printers named John Crouch, to say nothing of Edward Crouch and a “Swallow” Crouch who are often mentioned in connection with Royalist Mercuries. John Crouch, the editor of The Man in the Moon during 1649—1650, was imprisoned in June, 1650, whereupon all unlicensed Royalist news-books came to an end. Securing his release sometime later, he betook himself to licensed journalism, and wrote a weekly news-book known successively as Mercurius Democritus , The Laughing Mercury , and Mercurius Fumigosus (April 8, 1652-October 3, 1655). These books are dis¬ gustingly coarse: they illustrate “a deliberate pornog- 1 Cf. the Calendar of State Papers , Domestic , for 1649—50, 1650, and 1651—52, passim; Williams, A History of J ournalismy passim. 58 INTRODUCTION raphy impossible to match in English literature,” 2 though they were regularly licensed by the officials of Parliament. In all, or nearly all, of his pamphlets, Crouch inserted ballads or snatches of ballads, some old and well known, others new, and still others that deserve the name of carols and lyrics. Many of the last are beautiful. Often, strange to say, they are printed in the form of prose. Customarily Crouch's sheets open with a stanza or two in doggerel verse — usually a mock-summary of the news — while a poem or ballad printed like prose follows. For example, Democritus for December 16-22, 1652, after four opening stanzas of verse prints the following de¬ lightful lyric: So cold, cold, cold, so wonderous cold, and through the Bush the Winde blowes cold; Where are our Coals ye young Knaves, old; for through the Bush the Winde blows cold? (But where be our great Fleets of Coals?) One Knave, two Knaves, three too old, and thorow the Bush the Winde blowes cold: cold, cold, cold, and wonderous cold, and thorow the Bush the Winde blowes cold. Another issue preserves a charming Christmas carol (No. 47). What principle of selection governed Crouch’s choice of ballads does not appear. Perhaps he himself wrote some of them; others, like “A Dialogue between Floridus and Clorio; to a delightfull new Tune,”3 which is signed with the initials of Humphrey Crouch, may have been written specifically for his paper. S. S. — no doubt Samuel Smithson — contributed to The Man in the Moon (1657) “An Item for honest men. The tune is, Ragged and 2 Williams, op. cit p. 145. 3 Mer cur ius Fumigosus , April 11—18, 1655, pp. 364 f. 59 CAVALIER AND PURITAN Torne,”4 a revised edition of the ballad reprinted in the Roxburghe Ballads (II, 409). Perhaps John Crouch simply printed any ballad of his own or anybody else’s composition that happened to be available when his paper went to press. It is curious to find in Democritus for February 15—22, 1654, the well-known ballad beginning “In sad and ashy weeds” (traditionally attributed to James I as a lament for the death of Henry, Prince of Wales) printed with the following introductory note: “A sorrowfull, but loving Son of the Muses , for the un¬ timely fall of his dear Father, penned this mournful Dirge or Ditty in the Antipodes , which being very pithy, I have here exposed to the view of all those that love their Fathers Money better then his Person or Life.” Mercurius Pragmaticus (June 1-8, 1652) openly taunted Crouch — “M. Politick Man in the Moon> alias Democritus , alias Crouch Hukin” — with having been imprisoned and having then turned to writing, borrowing without credit from Archy Armstrong’s jests, John Tay¬ lor’s poems, and the broadsheets of Smithfield balladists : How now Democritus! Were your brains warm last week, and so stoold at your mouth a lamentable Ballad of pitiful rhyme to eclipse me with your Moon-calves non-sense? ... It seems your fortunes have crept to the full since your translation out of the Gate-house . . . to the Brokers in Larg-lane; and truly you are very naturally placed in such a Fraternity, for it is the only Feat in the Town to sell wit at second hand, or pimp an old greasie jest out of Archy's records, then brush it up with a little hackny language squeez’d out of scavengers frocks at your three peny ordinary. . . . But cry you mercy Sir, you are a Printer too, and upon that score have the liberty of your waste papers; yet look too’t, for if John Taylor retrive you, and by letter of Atturney from the rest of the Choristers of Smithfeld} require the 4E. 1620, PP. 10-12. 60 INTRODUCTION retribution of your cac-a-mammee stolen out of their nonsensical rap¬ tures, what a pitiful story wouldst thou be? In its issue for June 8-15, 1652, Pragmaticus repeated this attack, devoting two pages to a denunciation of Crouch. The Weepers (1652), a poem by Samuel Shep¬ pard, brings similar charges of plagiarism against him, and it is probable that they were true. The fact remains that Crouch was fond of ballads and that his papers helped to supply the popular demand for them. Frequently he chose coarse songs for reprinting; yet among them are the earliest versions of “The Hasty Bridegroom”5 and “Andrew and Maudlin,”6 ballads that in later years enjoyed considerable vogue. The pious may have been scandalized by the ribaldry of Crouch’s prose and verse, but the official licenser was not. In addition to the ballads that he reprinted, many of Crouch’s news-items are nothing but summaries of bal¬ lads. One rhymer, for example, wrote a ballad on a female warrior7; and, immediately after its appearance, Crouch included in Fumigosus (July 11—18, 1655) the following summary of it : There was this Day Letters came by the Foot-Post of West Smith- field , Relating a strange and true story of a Woman Souldier; being the Wife of one John Clarke , who bravely adventured along with her Husband in Mans apparrell in the Armys service both by Sea and Land a long time together, no man all that time ever mistrusting her to be a Woman, till such time that she was delivered of a lusty chopping Boy in her Quarters at the Black-Smiths Armes in East Smithfield , neer * Mer cur ius Fumigosus , May 16—23, 1655} licensed at Stationers’ Hall on June 17, 1656} Roxburghe Ballads , VII, 458. 6 Democritus, June 23—30, 1652, p. 99; Wit and Drollery (1656), p. 136; D’Urfey’s Pills to Purge Melancholy , 1719, II, 19. ‘ “The Gallant She-Souldier,” Roxburghe Ballads , VII, 728. 6i CAVALIER AND PURITAN unto the Famous Tower of London , this present July, 165 5. . . . She being approved of all her fellow Souldiers, a very Valliant and able Souldier, that could very expertly Trayle a Pike, Order her Musket, and if need were, could beat a Drum, and was very active in all manner of manly Exercises; shee could Leap, Jump, Caper, Boxe, Wrestle, play at Foot-ball, Sing, Dance and be merry; being reported to be a rich mans Daughter of the City of Lecester, who undertook all this for the constant Love she bare her Husband and Country. And therefore highly doth deserve her Name, To ride triumphant on the Wings of Fame .8 Fumigosus for September 29-October 3, 1655, reported that “the last Letters from Sutton Marsh in Lincoln¬ shire make mention of a Shee-Divel , JENNIKEN is her Name, you cannot finde such another, unless you finde the same ; I shall reserve the rest of her Pranks for a new ballad , to an ugly jadish Tune.” Such references to ballads abound in Crouch’s papers. As another example : Democritus (April 13-20, 1653) after a scurrilous story adds, “but more of this the next week; because you shall then have the true relation in a Ballad , to the Tune of the 7 Champions of the Pens in Smithfeld , written by Lawrenc Price.” In the history of the ballad John Crouch holds a high rank.9 VII Headed by Laurence Price and his able companions, Thomas Robins, Samuel Smithson, Thomas Joy, Charles 8 Another striking summary of a ballad occurs in Fumigosus for April 11-18, 1655. See also No. 57. 9 Cf. also “Cupid’s Revenge. OR, Bad News for Poor Maids. . . . To the Tune of, Love’s Mistriss” (11 six-line stanzas) added to Now or Never: Or, A New Parliament of Women (165 6), printed by George Horton (Wood 654 A (17)). 62 INTRODUCTION Hammond, John Wade, Humphrey Crouch, and Thomas Lanfiere, the crew of balladists in 1655 wrote many rhymes and found no difficulty in getting them printed and circulated in spite of the laws on the statute-books. With pamphlets the case was altogether different. On August 28 a further printing act tried to sweep away the entire licensed press, put into effect all previous ordi¬ nances against printers, hawkers, and ballad-singers, and provided that nothing be published without license from the Lord Protector or his Council. It is said1 that no license to any news-book was henceforth granted by Cromwell or his Council and that none appeared during the remaining years of his life except Marchamont Nedham’s official Mercurius Politicus and The Publick Intelligencer. But such comments do not apply to ballad-printing, whatever may be true of the hawkers and ballad-singers. In this book are reproduced eight or ten ballads dated 165^—1656 and almost a dozen others that seem to belong to these years. Each of them is openly signed by the printer, several of them by the author. It is significant, however, that none deals with political events. Just as in the time of the Spanish Armada printers published and the people of London read ballads “Deciphering the Vain Expense of Fond Fellows upon Fickle Maids” and “Which Doth Plainly Unfold the Grief and Vexation That Comes by a Scold,”2 so in the stirring days of the Commonwealth and the Protectorate the ballads tell of a woman who was killed by the Devil, of a doleful tragedy in Bishopsgate where a girl and a brewer were 1 By Williams, A History of English Journalism, p. 156. ' Arber’s Transcript, II, 506, 509. 63 CAVALIER AND PURITAN scalded to death, of the massacre of the Protestants in Savoy; two are “pleasant” love-songs by Samuel Smith- son. The printers were Richard Burton, John Andrews, Francis Grove, and Thomas Vere. Evidently these bal¬ lads were licensed. That the licenser’s standard of morals was not high is amply proved by three extremely coarse ballads from Richard Burton’s press — Peter Fancy’s “This is call’d Maids looke well about you,” Charles Hammond’s “The Birds Noats on May day last,” and “The Maiden’s Choice” — which are preserved in the so- called Book of Fortune.3 Meanwhile, the Stationers’ Register is silent on the subject of ballads. From 1643 t0 1656, it offers no aid, containing almost no entries besides those of licensed news-books, prognostications, orations, sermons, and other dry-as-dust religious works. If one judged only from the Register, he would inevitably decide that the Com¬ monwealth had crushed real literature, and would readily agree to every harsh comment that has been made on the Puritans. But in 1653 a ray of good cheer lightens the gloom: then it is refreshing to find entries of such old favorites as Adam Bell and the Jests of Scoggin and George Peele. Fewer news-books, too, are entered, while literature returns with the play-books of Brome, Mas¬ singer, Fletcher, and Shirley. During the next two years, plays were published in swarms; but ballads never again, as in the years 1557— 1640, dominated the Register. No ballads whatever were registered in 1657. That many were licensed is, as has been shown, indisputable; but the licenses came rather from Gilbert Mabbott than from the 3 C. 20. f. 14. Equally coarse is “The Young Man’s Tryal: Or, Betty’s Denial” (Wood E. 25 (49)), printed by John Andrews in 1655. 64 INTRODUCTION Stationers’ Company, and hence no indication of them is given in the Stationers’ Register. Mercurius Fumigosus 4 remarked in January, 1655, on the number of libels that were ‘‘flung about the streets , and thrust in at the Doores , by some . . . ill-affected to the Government Established.” Some of these after¬ ward found a place in printed collections of songs and ballads. It is curious that, in spite of the hostility of the government, London stationers should openly have ven¬ tured to print collections of coarse ballads and even coarser songs. Among the earliest of these collections was Songs and Poems of Love and Drollery (1654), the contents of which are bitterly anti-Roundhead ; so much so that no printer’s name appears in the book. Then appeared Musarum Deliciae : Or, The Muses Recreation, edited by Sir John Mennis and Dr. James Smith, and printed for Henry Herringman in August, 1655, the names or initials of both editors and printer being on the title-page. This work contains no ballad, song, or poem that is obviously disloyal, but is often extremely coarse and in several productions manages to say some unflat¬ tering things about the Parliament. It contains old ballads like Dr. Richard Corbet’s “Journey into France,” a few original poems, and several contemporary ballad- songs. Wit and Drollery, a compilation by Mennis, Smith, Davenant, and others, appeared early in January, 1656. It is a collection of ballads, many of which are decidedly hostile to Parliament and loyal to the exiled prince. One 4 January 24—31, p. 274. John Lock and George Horton gave bond on July 14, 1654, to appear at the next Sessions of the Peace on the charge of printing and publishing scandalous and libelous pamphlets (J. C. Jeaffreson, Middlesex County Records , III, 228). 65 CAVALIER AND PURITAN of the most interesting tells of a raid by the soldiers on a surreptitious stage-play given in September, 1655, at the Red Bull Theatre. The seditious note of the ballads, to say nothing of their obscenity, made this volume most obnoxious to strict Puritans and to the government. Choice Drollery , a series of ballad-poems compiled by “several eminent authors,” was printed for Robert Pollard in February, 1656. It is thoroughly Royalist from be¬ ginning to end, though it adopts clever subterfuges for safety. For example, one song called “Jack of Lent’s Ballat” dealt with the welcome given in 162^ to Queen Henrietta Maria, but brought up to date its satire on The Puritans that never fayle ’Gainst Kings and Magistrates to rayle. Others deal with contemporary rope-dancers, or are old ballads on Queen Elizabeth and the Gunpowder Plot, or are simply voluptuous songs. Equally loyal in tone is Parnassus Biceps . Or Severall Choice Pieces of Poetry Composed by the best Wits that were in both the Uni¬ versities Before Their Dissolution (1656). Very many of its ballads and poems satirize Parliament severely, and speak of the murdered King with evident affection. Cromwell’s government made attempts to suppress these books. On April 22, 1656, the Council appointed a committee to examine the authors and printers of Sportive Wit. Three days later the Committee reported that the book contained much scandalous, lascivious, and profane matter, whereupon the Council instructed the Lord Mayor and the other commissioners for the regula¬ tion of printing to seize all copies and, “with those already seized,” to deliver them to the Sheriffs for public 66 INTRODUCTION burning. On May 9, a similar order was given in regard to Choice Drollery .5 So far as these two books are con- cerned, the Council’s instructions were effective. Ebs- worth, in his edition of Choice Drollery , wrote that “probably not six perfect copies remain in the world,” and that the British Museum had copies of neither Choice Drollery nor Sportive Wit. Ballad-writers, however, were in the heyday of suc¬ cess. In 1656 one S. F. included a long burlesque elegy on Martin Parker in his Sportive Funeral Elegies , lament¬ ing the passing of that master of balladry; but he recognized the fact that Parker had been followed by a “glorious three” in Smithson, Crouch, and Price. In an elegy “On the Death of Annyseed-water Robbin,” 6 an hermaphrodite, S. F. takes them to task for neglecting to write funeral verses on that personage: *Samuel Smith- son. Humphrey Crowch. Lawrence Price, f Drawer Smal-beer Ye glorious* three Who grasp the Poles of Star-crown’d Poesie; Has som Cask-piercing fYouth poison’d your wine With wicked Lcethe ? Did you ever dine On Turnep-tops, without or Salt, or Butter, That amongst all your Canzonets, or clutter You fail’d to mention this deceased Robbin , It seems you ne’r quaft Nectar in his Noggin, As I have done. Eight ballads by Price, four by Crouch, and two by Smithson are included in the present volume. The man of the streets has always been attracted by the quaint woodcuts that in nearly every instance adorned 0 Calendar of State Papers , Domestic , 1655/6 , pp. 288, 298, 314. 6 Si g. A 2V. 67 CAVALIER AND PURITAN broadside ballads. “How many Ballads would sell with¬ out a formal wood cut4?7’ Mercurius Britanicus Alive Again 7 shrewdly inquired in 1648. It seems strange to find in 1655 an irate Quaker condemning ballads — which evidently he saw in great numbers — not so much for their scurrility and licentiousness (the usual ground for attack) as for their woodcuts, which, in his opinion, violated the Second Commandment. This singular attack is made in “A Warning from the Lord to all Ballad-makers, and Image-makers,” added to A Declaration from the Chil¬ dren of Light ( who are by the world scornfully called Quakers ) against several false reports , scandals and lyes (May 14, 1655). It runs: Ye Ballet-makers, and ye Ballet-sellers, Stationers, and Printers of them, and buyers of them beware, for the Lord God of glory is arising, who saith, Thou shalt not make any Image of Male or Femalei which you do amongst you, and are found upon your ballets, and so out of Gods councell, are amongst the heathen making Images: and your vain jesting books, which stirs up the heathen, which knowes not God, and such be out of his command, which makes Image of Male and Female, and other creatures contrary and out of Gods command, and because the Images and Ballads are cried against, it makes the Heathen to rage, and imagine vain things against them, who doth them crie against, shewing that these have their harts, and are their gods, yea, but saith them that be in the flesh, in the lust, and in the pride, We shall loose our gain , and our calling , if we forsake our jesting-books , our ballads , our books of rimes , which upon them is the Image of Males and Females, and that is to set them out: though God doth forbid them, it brings us in gain Iupiter- like which all his Tradesmen cries, These are pestilent fellowes with cries against these things , which brings us in gain , we can prof esse Christy and hold up these things too, saith lupiter who be in lupiter' s nature with his Images: but to you all professors of Christ Jesus, which be in the evill with your jesting-books, and ballads, 7 May 16, 1648, p. 2. 68 INTRODUCTION and books of verse and rime, and vain songs, and your ballads with your Images of Male and Female, upon them to the light in your consciences, I speak: with that mind which you read your jesting-books and sing your ballads, you professe the Scriptures, and lives out of the obedience to them, so you are them that cry Lord, Lord, which enter not into the Kingdom of God, who doth not the will of God, for who doth his will knoweth his doctrine, and from all that which stirs up wanton- nesse, and pleasures, and fables — followers are turned away from, which enters into the kingdome of God: so your jests and songs shall be turned into howling, as you may read Amos, & you that make songs & ballads upon wicked people, & so rejoice in iniquity which is contrary to Scripture, as you may read, oh how are the world in many places, & streets, and walls painted with ballads and fables, and yet now professe your selves to be Christians, and of the Church of Christ, oh stop your mouths, and cover your lips, where did any of Christs flock so, but this is the froth of the sea, and the foame of it, and here you are proved to be such who said; they were lews , but were noty there¬ fore I do warn all young and old people from the Lord God, give over your reading ballads your song-books, and rime-books, which are all for the fire. For exactly the same reason as that here given, various persons have earnestly begged the present Secretary of State to abolish the requirement that photographs of the holders must appear on all American passports. No Quaker, however, needed to apologize for loathing ballads — woodcuts, text, and all. In them his religion, his morals, and his personal character were subjected to incessant abuse and falsehood. Typical is the attack Laurence Price made on James Parnel (No. 62). Of the same nature were the half-dozen ballads about James Naylor that can still be traced. The barbarous treatment inflicted on both these Quakers has hardly yet been forgotten. Other disgusting anti-Quaker ballads were so popular as to be included in the Rump , in Merry 69 CAVALIER AND PURITAN Drollery , and in all the editions of Pills to Purge Melancholy. The year 1656 saw the ballad enjoy its own again: numbers as large as in the days of Elizabeth and James I were printed; and about one hundred and sixty-five were registered at Stationers’ Hall. Not a few of those regis¬ tered were traditional, instead of stall, ballads — six or seven Robin Hood ballads, “The Famous Flower of Serving-men” (by Price), “Sir Andrew Barton,” and “Little Musgrave.” In 1657 some forty-two were registered, including three about Robin Hood and one on “Tommy Pots”; but only nine (including “Johnny Armstrong”) were registered in 1658, none in 1659. The appearance of so many “popular” ballads, many of them signed with their authors’ initials, perhaps indicates that warfare in Scotland and the North had made the London ballad-writers acquainted with the songs known in that section of the kingdom through oral tradition. Fewer ballads, by the way, can be traced during the years 1657— 1658 than in any other period of the interregnum, but this fact is hardly proof that fewer ballads actually were printed. Their distribution, however, was undoubtedly unfavorably affected by the Act against Vagrants of 1657, which provided that “persons commonly called fiddlers and minstrels” be treated as “rogues, vagabonds, and sturdy beggars.” One striking ballad of the year 16^7 is Richard Burton’s “New Prophecy” of the imminent downfall of Oliver Cromwell (No. 74). Interesting, too, are “The Protecting Brewer” and Samuel Butler’s “A Ballad,”8 the latter satirizing the Parliament for tendering the Crown to the Lord Protector. 8 Wilkins, Political Ballads , I, 132, 135. INTRODUCTION In the confusion that followed Cromwell’s death on September 3, 1658, little or no attention was paid to ballad-writers, and the period of attempted suppression may be said to have ended. Cromwell himself had fared severely at the hands of the balladists. With his personal character, they could truthfully find little fault; but they heaped abuse on him for his pretension to the crown, ridiculing his supposed trade of brewing, and gloating over the redness of his nose. To them, King Cromwell’s nose revealed the bon vivant: Thy nose and fiery face, Speak thee a babe of grace, And most regenerate, As sack did e’er create.9 So runs a ballad of the date 1647. Another of the same year pretends to be disappointed because Cromwell’s effigy does not appear on “The State’s New Coin” : They have quite omitted his politic head, His worshipful face, and his excellent nose.10 Libelous to a degree are the ballads of “The Right Picture of King Oliuer” (beginning “Of Nolls Nose my Muse now sings”)11 and “O Brave Oliver” (No. 26). Compare also “A Hymn to Cromwell” (No. 39). Among the news-books, too, Cromwell’s nose was a chronic joke. Says IVLercurius Elencticus (April 24, 1649, p. 2), “surely Subject I shall not want, so long as Noll’s refulgent Nose hath warmth in it.” Says The Parlia?nent Kite (June 29, 1648) : Bear witnesse, I have not in verse nor prose, So much as mention’d Cromzvels flaming Nose. 9 Wilkins, Political Ballads , I, 67. 10 Ibid., I, 94. 11 E. 587. 7i CAVALIER AND PURITAN A Case for Nol Cromwell' s Nose ,12 a pamphlet in prose and verse, appeared in June, 1648. The Blazing-Star; or , Nolls Nose newly revived ,13 consisting of satiric verses by “Collonel Baker,” was published as late as August, 1660. In 1654 the balladists laughed heartily at the Pro¬ tector. On one occasion he attempted to drive his own six-horse coach through Hyde Park — thinking, so a song runs, that three pairs of horses were as easily con¬ trolled as three kingdoms — only to have them run away, so that he was thrown from the driver’s box and his pistol exploded in his pocket. “A Jolt on Michaelmas Day” 14 tells the story with this moral : His first reproach Is a fall from a coach, And his last will be from a cart! Cromwell’s wife and sometimes his daughter shared in the abuse directed at him, outrageous libels being written, with truth conspicuous by its absence. The Court Career (1659, p. 24) represents the dead Protector as grieving because writers continue “in base Ballad stuffe to bring in my Ghost , calling upon my Son Richard.” After the Restoration his grief was surely more poignant, for then the scurrility poured upon his name in ballads equalled the indignities inflicted by Charles II upon his senseless body. With Cromwell’s death, censorship of ballads came virtually to an end. Dozens of the boldest and most seditious type were then printed, usually openly bearing the printers’ names. Charles Gustavus, in particular, pub- 14 Wilkins, Political Ballads , I, 121. 72 “E. 448 (9). ”E. 1040 (3). INTRODUCTION lished many such ballads both from London and Oxford presses. Naturally enough the ballad-writers now turned their attention almost exclusively to ridicule of the regi¬ cides and the Rump Parliament and to the praise of General Monk. Abundant specimens of this work are reprinted in the collections, often cited heretofore, of Wright and Wilkins and in the Roxburghe Ballads .15 Chap-books and jest-books, too, sprang up like magic, coming from the press almost as rapidly as in the last decade of Elizabeth’s reign, so that the satirical Endlesse Queries: Or An End to Queries (1659, p. 3) inquired: Whether it be no requisite that Printers and Stationers, that their trades may not decay, should hire the Universities to keep them from Idleness the next long Vacation, to pen some learned Commentaries upon the famous History of Tom Thumb , Dr. Faustus , Guy of Warwick , Robin Goodfellowi the Pigmies , the Queen of Fiaries [sic] , and many more such gallant pieces of Art, that are frequently read amongst us, thereby to undeceive the good people of the Land, who are as confident of their truth, as if all were Gospel, and so blinded in their ignorance, notwithstanding all the great Lights that have been so lately set up. To the same year belongs John Playford’s ballad-com¬ pilation called Select Ayres. Play ford printed various other editions of old madrigal and music-books, and did much to keep up the people’s interest in balladry, a task in which he was ably seconded by John Hilton. Cele¬ brated collections of catches and airs, often to old ballad- tunes, were issued by Hilton in 1651 and 1658. With the return of Charles II to London, on May 29, 1660, nearly every verse-writer, like Dryden — whatever his previous actions and sympathies had been— busied his 15 VIII, Pt. II, ix— lxviii, xci-cvii. 73 CAVALIER AND PURITAN pen with a congratulatory poem or ballad. Such verses had no significance except as showing how poets trimmed their sails to the wind, and are too abundant and too well known to require space in this book. Ballads of the years 1640-1658 have genuine historical importance, and it has seemed best to reprint examples of them only. A single exception to this rule is the last ballad in the book — “England’s Object” — which is included as a specimen, hitherto unreprinted, of the vindictive anti-regicide bal¬ lads that littered London streets in 1660-1661. “The Cavaliers Complaint. To the Tune of I tell thee , Dick , GV.,”10 of March 15, 1661, recounts the discontent certain Royalists felt at reaping no advantage from the Restoration. Speaking of the Court, it complains: But truly there are swarmes of those Who lately were our chiefest foes, Of pantaloons and muffes; Whilst the old rusty cavaleer, Retires, or dares not once appear, For want of coyne and cuffes. But the ballad-writers expected no reward from the King, and hence suffered no disappointment. That Charles II enjoyed his own again and that their rhymes had assisted in this consummation was a sufficient reward. Henceforth there was almost no restriction on ballad¬ printing and ballad-singing. After some fifteen years of hostile legislation and attempted suppression, the ballad was free. Small wonder, then, that Cromwell and the Rump are customarily depicted in ballads as tyrants and Charles II as a king sans peur et sans reproche. 10 Wright, Political Ballads , p. 258. 74 CAVALIER AND PURITAN ■ An Exa£t ] 0/ the manner 'how his Maieftieand his Nobles went to the to the comfortable expetf a To the tunc of TV V^inbfibt 3 net t> a little brlpcof tbtnc note 3 babe intent Qnta tbr tooilo to hip ano Cng Vi aft s of oat Vopall fting, gj 323 Wno * t bn. pjefent bopefall fpjmgt o ifco» Uotc fer.ncli a? t!?m rl :.cuf«E!^ ilnonrr* me;* er Incut ftCmcCiUtlepent c-f qaaltfp, S'n? ffrbe tbc tin? fa: anr.uall fd‘» ^n^tbcir m in in bts ^egt* Rode ro the Parliament. cwnttcrnf tfcDenerf along tOii i fable detect gob tpc teojefo; o:n£ Cons of car fii Cachonc acceding Jtf rtebarpparellb* Did ride to th'Pa fj w $thi* tjappv April! biill, J frnff <$ibt riltiaefubMareafon jntt nr gracious ding, oar Charles :fceO;«t €>ac topes fin# t complement, IDtD rioe in Sate to open fig&t, SC^e ropall binD of prnftatrcrs toait 4bctif him twit* guilt polar** Vnto the Parliament* , P C Jrle (p it 0,a« tnit^ accepter of gold, & £br fflat&c of (be bmfc Mb I* ,6 te I hem cal I, £| toio bigbCbambertoin bwbc anobelo. U '£>n boifc-bache) in Wo bano, afeCaB to CIO fall, ^13 Silffc cf office then 610 holo, ® a u-.r^r - .. . » * 4no tbtjg in &rj(e tbcp 'neat : 4 borfeof fet^tettccaU’etnoaD: Hno laft bebmoe btm lacnt t •» .. _ — , _ ■ ft *m»u uiu. mm u5enc -r-*o i^rea.oier> LcrDp;tbt* *?e »lcb’abe, whr j^cbleCjptainc k;nD tbe<55aarfi' Ck L020L1 veer, .inn fh^ Srrhf«it»'ii (Tr-.v,rt * _ __ ^ . 9 Hsff ff gebtlipjg V020u.vper, ana ttsc arrbbiiiKp gr.ibc, ’ tanean:b £iiclcr.rr. ‘he prince t'ric places b lue I I* ^ Mi* Lour: ol Pa rhat.v-ur. 411 tn ri<# coars (fo; this prtpax’o) 4 gainS ti)ig oapnocoS toasfpar’o To ^racc thcPailiamcnt, [per p '.S L ~5?n p:mcclp Clmlcs (that hapcfcli Cao) **? *4*»ba»e ftgt: maoeoll ;t«e :wbifjr*gTST M-&V fa n^c (asbe gcoo iea<'onb^O) i. . _$npuee uio& eminent : Concur Itjfng gg ^eieui^n lemcatoattenO nSrc\ I 'p S (aeconb part, Co tf )t game tune. 8 The Lord to publish their intentions, Did bring to light a trecherous thing, For they to further their inventions, A Letter wrote to the French King, and in the same, his aide to claime, with subtlety their words they frame, which letter to our Soueraigne came. 9 Then let all loyall subiects iudge it, If we haue not a cause to fight, Y ou who haue mony doe not grudge it, But in your king and countries right, freely disburse, both person, purse, and all you may to auoyd the curse, of lasting warre which will be worse. io If they are growne so farre audacious, That they durst call in forraine aide, Against a king so milde and gratious, Flaue we not cause to be afraid, of life and blood, we then had stood, 86 A TRUE SUBJECT’S WISH in danger of such neighbourhood, in time to quell them twill be good. 1 1 Then noble Country-men be armed, To tame these proud outdaring Scots, That Englands honour be not harmed, Let all according to their lots, couragiously their fortune try, against the vaunting enemy, and come home crownd with victory. 12 The noble Irish good example, Doth give of his fidelity, His purse, and person is so ample, To serve his royall maiesty, and gladly he the man will be, to scourge the Scots disloyalty, if Englands honour would agree. ] 3 Then we more neerely interessed, Ith future danger that might chance, If that against our soveraigne blessed, Those rebels had got aide from France, should not be slacke, nor ere shrinke backe, or let king Charles assistance lacke, to tame in time this saucy lacke. 14 We have a Generali so noble, (The great Earle of Northumberland) 87 CAVALIER AND PURITAN That twill (I trust) be little trouble, Those factious rebels to withstand : his very name seemes to proclaime, and to the world divulge the same, his ancestors there won such fame. The God of hosts goe with our army, My noble hearts for you ile pray, That neuer any foe may harme ye, Nor any stratagem betray your braue designe, may beames divine, upon your ensignes brightly shine, Amen say I, and every friend of mine. j M. P. Printed at London by E. G. and are to be sold at the Horse-shoe in Smithfield. 3 Britain s honor Wood 401 (131), B. L., four columns, three woodcuts. This loyal ballad, in which true Englishmen are urged to fight for Charles I, must have appeared early in September, 1640, after the rout at Newburn on August 28 and the loss of Newcastle to the Scots, as is described in the ballad next following, on August 30. It is a glorifi¬ cation of two brave Welshmen — a race at this time (though later their cowardice became almost proverbial among the Cavaliers) in high favor for their loyalty to the King. “There are,” remarked the Scots Scouts Discoveries , 1642 ( Phoenix Britannicus , 1732, p. 466), “a Kind of Beadles runs up and down, about the Town, yelping out your Destruction, crying; O the Valour of the W elch-men! who are gone to kill the Scots: Well, look you have Leeks, and Causbobby , and give them good Words, and call them bold Britons , and then you may do with them what you will.” A long list of Civil-War works directed against Welshmen is given in W. C. Hazlitt’s Remains of the Early Popular Poetry of England , IV, 323—325, and in his Handbook , 1867, pp. 637—639. The incident here related has not, so far as I know, elsewhere been told, though there ought to be pamphlets on the subject. The engage¬ ment hardly seems to have been as impressive as M. P. believed, since only six men, all told, out of 15,000 were slain. From hearsay, Henry Townshend, of Worcester {Diary, ed. Bund, I, 6), reported that the Scottish army consisted “of about 20,000 men and 1000 women, with some light arms and 17 field pieces.” The ballad has been reprinted by Professor Sir Charles Firth in the Scottish Historical Review , *111 (1906), 266-268. The tune (also used for No. 2) comes from the first line, “Oh! how now, Mars, what is thy humour? ” of “An English Challenge and Reply from Scotland,” a ballad reprinted in Ballads and Other Fugitive Poetical Pieces . . . from the Collections of Sir James Balfour , pp. 29 ff. 89 CAVALIER AND PURITAN 5?ritaineS honour. 3fn tfje ttoio Valiant Welchmen, tofjo fought against f iftecne tfjousJanb Scots, at tfjeir note tomming to England passing obet Tyne; tofjereof one toaS full'll manfullp figfjting against JjiS foes, anti tfje otfjer being tafeen prisoner, is note (upon relaxa= tion) tome to gorfee to fjts fRajcSiie. The tune is, How now Mars &c. 1 You noble Brittaines bold and hardy, That iustly are deriv’d from Brute, Who were in battell ne’re found tardy,1 But still will fight for your repute; ’gainst any hee, What e’r a’ be, Now for your credit list to me, Two W el chm ens valour you shall see. 2 These two undaunted Troian worthies, (Who prized honour more then life,) With Royall Charles , who in the North is, To salve (with care) the ulcerous strife; Which frantick sots, With conscious spots, Bring on their soules ; these two hot shots, Withstood full fifteene thousand Scots. 3 The manner how shall be related, That all who are King Charles his friends May be with courage animated, Unto such honourable ends ; 1 Text ta[]dy. 90 BRITAIN’S HONOR These cavaliers, Both Musquetiers, Could never be possest with feares, Though the Scots Army nigh appeares. 4 Within their workes neere Tyne intrench’d Some of our Soveraignes forces lay; When the Scots Army came, they flinched, And on good cause retyr’d away; Yet blame them not, For why the Scot , Was five to one, and came so hot, Nothing by staying could be got. 5 Yet these two Martialists so famous, One to another thus did say; Report hereafter shall not shame us, Let Welchmen scorne to runne away; Now for our King, Let’s doe a thing Whereof the world shall loudly ring Unto the grace of our off-spring. 6 The vaunting Scot shall know what valour, Doth in a Britains brest reside; They shall not bring us any dolour ; But first wee’ll tame some of their pride. What though we dy, Both thee and I ? Yet this we know assuredly, In life and death ther’s victory. 91 CAVALIER AND PURITAN %\ )t geconb part, to tfje game tune. 7 With this unbounded resolution, These branches of Cadwalader; To put their wills in execution, Out of their trenches would not2 stir, But all night lay, And would not stray, Out of the worke, and oth’ next day, The Scots past o’r in Battell aray. 8 The hardy Welchmen that had vowed, Like Jonathan unto his David; Unto the Scots themselves they showed, And so couragiously behaved Themselves that they Would ne’r give way, But in despite oth’ foe would stay, For nothing could their minds dismay. 9 Even in the Iawes of death and danger Where hfteene thousand was to two, They still stood to ’t and (which is stranger) More then themselves they did subdue.3 Courage they cry’d; Lets still abide, Let Brittaines fame be dignifi’d, When two the Scottish hoasts defide. 10 At length (when he two Scots had killed) One of them brauely lost his life, 2 Text wouldnot. 3 No period. 92 BRITAIN’S HONOR His strength and courage few excelled; Yet all must yeeld toth’ fatall knife. The other hee, Having slaine three, Did Prisoner yeeld himselfe to be, But now againe he is set free. 1 1 This is the story of these victors, Who as they sprung oth’ Troians race, So they did shew like, two young Hectors; Unto their enemies disgrace; Hereafter may, Times children sav, Two valiant Welchmen did hold play, With fifteene thousand Scots that day. 12 His Maiesty in Princely manner, To give true vertue its reward; The man surviving more to honour, Hath in particular regard. Thus valiant deeds, Reward succeeds, And from that branch, which valour breeds, All honourable fruit proceeds. 13 Now some may say (I doe confesse it) That all such desperate attempts Spring only from foolehardinesse ; yet Who ever this rare deed exempts, From valour true, (if him I knew) 93 CAVALIER AND PURITAN I would tell him (and ’twere but due) Such men our Soveraigne hath too few. 14 For surely tis a rare example, Who now will feare to fight with ten, When these two lads (with courage ample) Opposed fifteene thousand men, Then heigh for Wales , Scots strike your Sayles, For all your proiects nought prevailes, True Brittains scorne to turne their tayles. M. P. London Printed by E. G. and are to be sold at the Horse-Shooe in Smith-field. 94 4 News from Newcastle Manchester, I, 1, B. L., four columns, three woodcuts. Half of the first column, comprising the first three and a half stanzas, is torn away. These stanzas no doubt contained the bitterest part of Parker’s denun¬ ciation of the Scots, though almost nothing of his account of the loss of Newcastle is missing. On Parker’s anti-Scots ballads in general see p. 9. Edward, Viscount Conway, commander of the Royalist Horse, was defeated at the Newburn ford of the River Tyne — the engagement in which the two Welshmen of the preceding ballad behaved so gallantly — on August 28, 1640. The victorious Scots pushed on to Newcastle, which Conway abandoned on August 29. The next morning they occupied that city, seizing the King’s custom-house as well as the stores which the royal army had left behind. See the letter in which Sir Henry Vane informed Sir Francis Windebank of this disaster ( Calendar of State Papers, Domestic , 1640—41 , p. 248) and Gardiner’s History of England , 1894, IX, 192 ff. Charles Porter (stanza 7) was the son of Endymion Porter, the friend of Herrick. Writing to a servant of Endymion Porter’s, one Sergeant-Major George Shaw declared (No¬ vember 6, 1640): “My dear comrade Charles Porter, I have no words to express my sorrow for that brave young cavalier of so great expecta¬ tions” {Cal. State Papers, Dom., 1640 , p. 645. For further informa¬ tion about Charles see the same, pp. 75, 231). Henry Wilmot (stanza 6) was Commissary-General of the Horse. Sir John Digby (stanza 6) is mentioned also in the ballad next following. Parker may have followed an oral account of the battle. For the tune see No. 6. 95 CAVALIER AND PURITAN J^etoeS from New-castle toitb ®n gfobertiSement, Co all Cnglish men tijat (for tfje Safetp of tfjemselbcs, their SUng anb Countrp) tfjep toon lb abanbon tfjc fonb opinion, (bofjich too manp boe tonteabe) of tlje Scots goob meaning to England, our forefathers babe eber expertenceb to tfje contrarp; tfjep fjabing bin oftentimes founb to bee eireumbenting fflacfjiabil- lians, anb faptfjles truce breakers. Cb<3 bitp boas hjritten upon Some occasion of nebaes from tfje North ; containing tfje Scots Surprising of New-Castle, toljere tfjep left tfjree tfjousanb men in #artSon, toitlj a brief e touch of Some of our hrabe CabaleirS bofjo manfullp fought in that conflict. The tune is, Lets to the Wars againe. l How shall we dare to trust them now, Unlesse old time hath tane a course, To make them better and us worse?1 O let not faire words , &c. 2 How ever they for their owne ends, Count some their foes, & some their friends, If we into their hands should fall, The sword no difference makes at all, Deare Country men then credit not, The promise of a flattering Scot. O let not faire zvords , &c. 1 Text wore. 96 NEWS FROM NEWCASTLE 3 They are you see already come, To seeke us at our native home, But sure (unlesse my wishes fayles) They’le ne’r returne to tell more tales, If God knit English hearts in one, Jocky will wish that he were gone. Then let not faire words , &c. 4 N ew-Castle they surprised have, Where certaine of our gallants brave, Both horse and foote yielding their breath, Have (with their dying) conquered death, Others likewise they prisoners tooke. For a reward they soone must looke. Then let not faire words , <3V. W[ jc H>econb part, Co tfje game tune. 5 The illustrious vizcount Conway stout, Did what man could to keepe them out, His sword up to the hilts he ran, In a Scots heart (some noted man,) Yet he came off with little harme, Only a little hurt i’th Arme. Then let not faire words , make fooles faine , But let us he ate the Scots againe. 6 That valorous and worthy Knight, (Whose fame through Christendome shines bright), Bold S. John Digby’ s horse dead shot Became a prisoner to the Scot , 2 Parenthesis not closed. 97 CAVALIER AND PURITAN The noble Colonell Willmot shard, With brave sir John; both kept in ward. Then let not faire words , &c. 7 That hopefull bud of chevalry, Valiant Charles Porter manfully, Being Cornet of a warlike troupe, Ne’r yielded till death made him stoope, He seal’d his honor with his blood, Dying for’s King and countries good, Then let not faire words, &c. 8 His broken sword in’s hand was found, (When he lay grovelling on the ground) His Cornet colors ’twixt his thighes, Thus yielded he in sacrifice, His life and blood in’s Countries right, Making his fame in’s death shine bright. Then let not faire words.2, 9 Some other of our Cavaleirs, Were slaine and hurt, as it appears, About six hundred men outright, (Of horse and foote) were Idl’d i’th fight, And of the Scots ’tis iustify’d, As many if not more then dy’d; Then let not faire, & V. lo When they surprised had the Towne, (Wherein their minds to us is knowne,) 3 Comma. 98 NEWS FROM NEWCASTLE Three thousand men in Garison : They left the Towne to luke upon, They seas’d and seal’d th’ warehouses all, Is this the thing you friendship call? Then let not faire , &c. 1 1 The Country must the Army finde, Such charge the Scots 4 have left behind,5 With bread, cheese, butter, drink, and smoke, All this to doe they did provoke ; At their returne they will pay all, But that I trust they never shall. Then let not faire , &c. 12 Our Lord protect King Charles; and send, This war may bring a peacefull end, Let palms of victory deck his brow, And having made his foes to bow, Bring him in safety home againe, Alwayes in peace heere to remaine, Then let not faire words , &c . M. P. Printed at London, by E. G. and are to be sold at the Horse-shoe in Smith-field. * Text Stots. 5 Text has a parenthesis. 99 5 Good news from the north Wood 401 (133), B. L., four columns, four woodcuts. The names at the end are arranged in three parallel columns, the first ending with the third name, the second with the twentieth. Edward Griffin regis¬ tered “Good newes from the North &c” on September 29, 1640 (Arber’s Transcript , IV, 521). It has been reprinted by Professor Sir Charles Firth in the Scottish Historical Review , III (1906), 269—272. The ballad deals with a minor engagement of the war (though to Parker it seemed of great importance), and presents in efficient news¬ paper style news calculated to cheer the Royalists. At the end, a typical war-bulletin appears, showing how admirably seventeenth-century bal¬ lads were adapted to journalism. An account of the engagement is given also in Baillie’s Letters , I, 261; in letters from Sir Henry Vane and Captain John Digby ( Calendar of State Papers , Domestic , 1640 — 41, pp. 79—81, 178); and in the life of Sir Thomas Smith (Edward Walsingham’s Britannicae Virtutis Imago , or the Effigies of True Fortitude , Oxford, 1644, pp. 7—8. Cf. Professor Firth’s notes, loc. cit ., p. 269). Vane’s letter to Secretary Windebank, as summarized in the Calendar of State Papers , runs: Lieutenant Smith, who commanded Sir John Digby’s troop, with 60 horse sur¬ prised Sir Alexander Douglas, Major to Colonel Ramsay, that took Sir John Digby prisoner who came into Yorkshire over Tees with 60 horse and were plun¬ dering the house of a Mr. Pudsey, who gave our troops notice of their being there. Captain John Digby, the Earl of Bristol’s son, with three or four troops cut off their passage at Croft Brigg, the great rains made the river not fordable, so that 10 of them offering to swim the river were drowned, 21 that resisted were killed on the spot, 37 taken prisoners, besides all the officers and the horses of the whole troop with such arms as they had, which are but mean and so are their horses. Thomas Pudsey, at whose house the fight occurred, had been granted by the government on March 30, 1616, a pension of £160 per annum during the life of his wife Faith, in consideration of the fact that his lOO GOOD NEWS FROM THE NORTH father had loaned to Mary Queen of Scots £1000 that was never repaid ( Calendar of State Papers , Domestic , 1611-18 , p. 359). This is probably one of the ballads against the Scots to which Margery Marprelate referred (cf. pp. 8 ff.). It shows Parker, as always, bitterly disdainful of the Scottish rebels: he was so devoted to Charles I that he had no patience with rebellion, whatever its cause. The tune, which comes from a ballad not extant, was used fre¬ quently, as for “The Seaman’s Song of Captain Ward” ( Roxburghe Ballads , VI, 423, 784; cf. I, 457), 101 CAVALIER AND PURITAN <©oob iHetnes from tfje ®rulp relating tjoto about a fjunbreb of tfje Scottish iUXebelei, intenbing to plunber tfje fjoube of ffl. Thomas Pudsie (at Stapleton in tfje iBisljoprick1 of Durham.) Mere stet upon bp a troupe of our fjorfiemen, unber tfje conbuet of tfjat trulp batoroufi gentleman Heiutenant Smith, heiutenant to noble ^>r. Iohn Digby; ttjirtp nine of tfjem (tofjereof Some toere men of qualltp) are taken prisoners, tfje rebt alt slatne except foure or fibe tofjttjj fteb, taofjerof ttoo are brohmeb. ®fje names; of tijetn taken is; inserteb in a list bp it kelfe. hfjis teas; upon jfribap about fore of tfje clock in tfje morning, tfje eigfjtentfj bap of tfjis instant September, 1640. The tune is, King Henry going to Bulloine. 1 All you who wish prosperity, To our King and Country, and their confusion which falce hearted be, Here is some newes (to cheare your hearts,) Lately from the Northerne parts, of brave exployts perform’d with corage free. 2 The Scots (there in possesion,) 2 Almost beyond expression, afflict the people in outragious wise ; Besides their lowance (which is much) The cruelty of them is such, that all they find they take as lawfull prise. 3 Sheepe , Oxen , Kine and Horses, Their quotidiall course is, 1 Text Bishopri[ ]k. 2 Parenthesis not closed. 102 GOOD NEWS FROM THE NORTH to drive away where ever them they finde ; Money plate and such good geere, From the Houses far and neere, they beare away even what doth please their mind. 4 But theirs3 an ancient adage, Oft used in this mad age, the Pitcher goes so often to the Well; That it comes broken home at last, So they for all their knavery past, shall rue ere long though yet with pride they swell. 5 As this our present story, (To the deserved glory,4 of them who were the actors in this play,) Unto you shall a relish give, Of what (if heaven let us liue;) will come to passe which is our foes decay. 6 These rebels use to pillage, In every country Village, and unresisted romed up and downe ; But now at last the greedy Scot, Hath a friday’s breakefast got, few of such feasts wil pull their courage down.5 7 At foure o’th clock i’th morning, (Let all the rest take warning) about a hundred of these rebels came; To M.5 Pudseys house where they, Made sure account to have a prey, for their intention was to rob the same. 3 I.e., there’s. 4 Period. 5 No period. 103 CAVALIER AND PURITAN 8 Of no danger thinking, To eating and to drinking, the Scots did fall, but sure they said no grace, For there they eat and drank their last, With ill successe they brake their fast,0 most of them to disgest it had no space. 9 An English troope not farre thence, Had (it seemes) intelligence of these bad guests at Master Pudseyes house, And with all speed to Stapleton , With great courage they rode on, while Jocky was drinking his last carouse. i o The house they did beleaguer And like to Lions eager, they fell upon the Scots pell-mell so fast, That in a little space of time, Byth’ Rebels fall our men did clime, they paid them for their insolencies past. Wi )t seconb part. Qlo tije Same tune. 1 1 In briefe the brave Lieutenant, With his men valiant, so plaid their parts against the daring foes, That quickly they had cause to say, Sweet meat must have sowre sauce alway, for so indeed they found to all their woes. 12 Thirty nine are prisoners taine, And all the rest outright are slaine, 6 Period. 104 GOOD NEWS FROM THE NORTH except some foure or five that ran away, And two of those (as some alledge) Were drown’d in passing o’ re Crofts bridge, so neer they were pursu’d they durst not stay. 13 Of them who are in durance (Under good assurance) some officers and men of quality, Among them are, ’tis manifest, To them who will peruse the List, Wherein their names are set down orderly. 14 Thus worthy Smith his valour, Hath showne unto the dolor, of these proud Rebels, which with suttle wiles, Came as in zeale and nothing else, But now deare bought experience tels those were but faire pretences to beguil ’s. 15 But th’ end of their intention Is if (with circumvention) they can make us beleeve what they pretend, They’ll hold us on with fained words, And make us loath to draw our swords, to worke our mine, that’s their chief est end. 16 But God I trust will quickly Heale our Kingdome sickly, too long indeed sick of credulity; And their blind eyes illuminate, Who bring this danger to the State, by trusting to a friend-like enemie. lie dayly pray and hourely, As it doth in my power lye, 105 U CAVALIER AND PURITAN to him by whom Kings reigne ; that with successe, King Charles goe on and prosper may, And (having made the Scots obay,) rule o’re7 his Lands in peace and happinesse.8 18 Se^temb. 1640 being Fryday morning. At Stapleton 3 miles beyond Pearce bridge wee met with the Scots at 4 of the Clocke in the morning at Master Pudseys house in the Bishopricke of Durham, at breakfast, when wee made our Skirmish. Lieutenant Smith had the day, five or six of them escaped by Croft bridge, where they say they make their Randevous, the prisoners that were taken, are these that follow, viz. 1 Sir Archibald Douglasse , 19 Rob. Leisley. Sergeant Maior to Collonel. 20 la. Ramsey. 2 lames Ramsey. 21 Allen Duckdell a dutch boy 3 lohn Leirmouthy Lieutenant to wounded. Captaine Ayton. 22 Alexander F ordringham. 4 Hopper Cornet to the Maior 23 lo. Cattricke. D u glass e. 24 Allen Levingston. 5 la. Ogley, Sarjeant to the said 25 George H arret. Major. 26 Andrew Tournes. 6 Patricke Vamphogie troup. 27 Robert Watts. 7 lames Colvildell. 28 Alexander W atts. 8 lames Levingston. 29 William Anderson. 9 Hector Mackmouth. 30 Io. Layton. 10 lohnCowde. 31 Alex. Dick. 1 1 lohn Hench. 32 Patricke Cranny. 1 2 Alexander Paxton , wounded. 33 William Simpson. 1 3 William Ridge. 34 Tho. Husband neere dead. 14 David Buens wounded. 35 lo. Hill. 15 Adam Bonny er. 36 Thomas Ferley. 16 Rob.Ferrony. 37 Andrew W hit eh all. 17 Io.Milverne. 38 lames Vianley. 1 8 David Borret. jf M. P. London Printed by E. G. and are to be sold at the signe of the Horse-shooe in Smithfeld. 1640. 8 7 Text or’e. 8 No period. 106 6 The great Turli s terrible challenge Manchester, I, 2, B. L., four columns, three woodcuts. The colophon is mutilated. Punctuation marks are used sparsely. The only ballad entered in the Stationers’ Register on a theme similar to this was Henry Gosson’s “The Turkes denouncing of warr against ye Christians,” May 21, 1640 (Arber’s Transcript, IV, 512). Soloma Hometh is better known as Murad IV, the most cruel of all Turkish sultans, who ruled from 1623 to 1640. According to stanza 2, Murad was thirty-three years of age at his death. This assertion is supported by various authorities, who place his birth in 1607; others give the date 1609; while in the Encyclopaedia Britannica , eleventh edition, it is said to be 1611. Murad was succeeded by his brother, Ibrahim, who was murdered in 1648. For a pamphlet which repeats some of the details given in the ballad see the Harleian Miscellany , 1809, IV, 37-38. The tune of My bleeding heart comes from the first line of Martin Parker’s “A Warning to All Lewd Livers. To the tune of Sir Andrew Barton ” ( Roxburghe Ballads , III, 23). It is not known, but Let us to the wars again (cf. Nos. 4, 59) — named from the refrain of a ballad reprinted in my Pepysian Garland , No. 73 — is equivalent to Maying Time , the music for which is given in Chappell’s Popular Music , I, 377. 107 CAVALIER AND PURITAN ®be<©vcat®urfeg terrible Challenge, tfjiss peare 1640. iPronounceb against tije Cmperour of #ermanp anti tfje $Ung of flolanb bp Soloma Hometh tofjo latelp beteaSeb, but eontinueb bp i)i& brother Ibraim, ttje first of that name. To the tune of My bleeding heart , or Lets to the wars againe. 1 You that desire strange newes to heare, Unto my story now give eare, Great warres there is pronouncd of late, By him who doth all Christians hate : Gainst Romes Imperiall Maiesty,1 And King of Poland2 joyning nigh, By the great Turk who would devoure, Each Christian kingdome by his power. 2 Soloma Hometh called so, This Tirant grat and Christians foe, At three and thirty yeeres of age, Death hnisht up his dayes and rage : Yet for all that their Turkish hate, Gainst Christian kings doth naught abate, But God deliver Christians all, That they by such do never fall. 3 Though death did happily prevent, The cruell Tirants bad intent, Yet hee which doth him now succeed, More terrors to the world doth breed: Whose bloody purpose is inclinde, To prosecute as twas designd, 2 Wladislaus IV. 108 1 Frederick III. THE GREAT TURK’S TERRIBLE CHALLENGE The Christian kingdomes to devoure, But God confound the Pagans power. 4 With fearfull sentence challenging, Romes Emperor, and Polands king, Their Princes, Peeres, and Pope3 also, With all that there adjoynes unto: For by their kingdomes crownes they sweare, To come before their Cities there, But God deliver Christians all, That they by such do never fall. 5 And will with thirteen kingdomes rise The Christian world for to surprise, Full thirteen hundred thousand strong Of Turkish powers to march along, With full intention to subdue, The Christian princes with this crew, But God deliver Christians all, That they by such do never fall. 6 Nay more say they, behold at length With all our great Imperiall strength, Such as by you was never seen, Nor yet in any kingdome been: Weell come your nations to destroy, Which you shall never more injoy, But God, & c. 7 With mighty power for to subdue, The Germane Emperor, and pursue 8 Urban VIII. 109 CAVALIER AND PURITAN Him to the end with fire and sword, And tiranny to be abhord : Also the Polanders devoure, With force of armes and Pagans powre, But God deliver Christians all, That they by such doe never fall. Ki )t geconb ipart to tfje game {Eune. 8 They give them for to understand, How they will terrifie each land, To rob to murther and destroy With burning all they do injoy, And put them to the cruellest death, That ever was devizd on earth : But God deliver Christians all, That they by such do never fall. 9 Their bloody minds they thus reveale, The golden scepter and the seale, Of Rome say they wee will suppresse, And fill your nations with distresse, And those say they we prisners take More worse then dogs of them weele make.4 But God &c. 10 The Turke against the Polands King Five hundred thousand strong doth bring And of Tartarians by him sent To Wallachy Seventy thousand went Which puts the country in great fear * No period. 1 10 THE GREAT TURK’S TERRIBLE CHALLENGE To see their enemies so neere : But Lord &c. 1 1 The king of Poland for this end Lord Palatine" to Rome did send Embassadors to certifie There enimies aproached nigh, In the meane time the Polander Great preparation makes for warre, But Lord &c. 12 The Turkes of Tunnis and Argier To aggravate the peoples feare With sixty saile of galleys goes The Christian kingdomes to oppose, Such preparation there is still, As may the world with rumours fill. But God, &c. 13 A greater navy there is more Providing neere the Turkish shore, Of ships and Gallies sixscore sayle, Least they should of their purpose fayle. The Knights of Malta they likewise, For to prevent their enemies, The landing of the Turks to stop, Have strongly blockt their Harbors up. 14 Within five leagues the enemies, From the Polonian frontiers lies, Where unawares they chancst to fall, On the Polonians Generali. 6 Charles Lewis. 1 1 1 CAVALIER AND PURITAN Who with foure hundred men and horse, Went to discry the Turkish force, But most part of his men are slaine, And he with hurt return’d againe. 15 So that in Poland there is bred, By them great terror and much dread, For to behold their enemy, So strong against their frontiers ly, For which they have proclaim’d6 a fast, That God in mercy at the last, May rid them of these Pagans all, That they by them may never fall. Printed for Richard Harder at the Bible [and Harp in Smithfield.] * Text prolaim’d. 7 Sheet torn. 7 Beggars all a-row Manchester, II, 34, B. L., four columns, three woodcuts, slightly mutilated. Brackets indicate tears in the text. The date is about 1640—1641. On Humphrey Crouch, the author, see No. 12, and observe that in stanza 15 as well as in No. 54 he speaks of his personal poverty. In both cases, of course, Crouch may have been jesting, but one suspects that in his remarks there was actually more truth than poetry. Ballads seldom brought money to the pockets of their authors. The tune is given in Chappell’s Popular Music , I, 341. The ballad from which it is derived and which is referred to in the first line below was registered for publication on June 9, 1637 (Arber’s Transcript , IV, 385), and is preserved in Wit and Drollery , 1661 (cf. Roxburghe Ballads , VIII, 668). The opening stanza (9) of Part Two is a very good specimen of the popular bacchanalian. ii3 CAVALIER AND PURITAN & pleasant nets song tfjat platnelp botf) sljotoo, tljat al are ikggerS, boll) fjigt) anti loin, 3 tneane estate let none besptse: for tis not JfMonep tfjat makes a man Inise. To the tune of Cuckolds all a row. 1 Come cease your songs of Cuckolds row for now tis somthing stale, And let vs sing of Beggers now, For thats in generall, In City and in Country, men from high to low, In each degree or quality, Are Beggers all a row. 2 How many men are there that liue, and doe no good at all And such had rather spend, then giue to them that liue in thrall, Lose a hundred at a cast, as much at the next throw, But what comes of them at the last, Beggers all a row. 3 Some countrey Lads that backward thriues, left with a large estate, Weary of those countrey Hues, they haue enough of that : The countrey then the City courts, a countrey life’s too low, For here are many tricks and sports, makes Beggers all a row. 114 BEGGARS ALL A-ROW 4 First for a Coach and horses, theres one reuersion flies, [The sejconds [for] new Fashions, [and all such va]nities, [Another goes for] Maid and Man, [his fortune soon]e growes low, [He sells his Co]ach for a Sedan, \with Beggers all a rozv.\ 5 I saw a handsome proper youth, and he was wonderous flne, But when I vnderstood the truth, his case was worse then mine, On wine and Drabs, he did all spend, which wrought his ouerthrow, So fortune plac’d him in the end, with Beggers all a row.1 6 I haue a Mistris of mine owne, that beares a lofty spirit, Though gold and siluer she hath none nor any good demerit, Yet will she braue it with the best, where euer she doth goe, And be at euery Gossips feast, with Beggers all a row. 7 But of all Beggers he’s the worst, that doth eomplaine he’s poore: And euermore shall be accurst, that starues in midst of store, 1 Comma. 115 CAVALIER AND PURITAN Let Usurers therefore take heed, least to the Deuill they goe, That doe complaine before they neede, with Beggers all a row . 8 Gilbert loues the Ale-house well, Dick will not be behind, lane and Tib, and bonny Nell, are to each other kind, For two full pots, come let vs joyn[e] although our states be low, My money still shall goe with thin[e,] Begge\rs all a r]ow. gecottb part, GTo tfje £ame tune. 9 In faith my Landlord is not paid, and what care I for that, My Grannam she hath often said, that care will kill a Cat, Come fill vs tother Pot good Boy, and then introth weele goe, Come neighbour why are you so coy, we are Beggers all a row. 10 lone hath paund her band of Lawne, and Tom his fudling Cap, Ralph hath laid his Cloke to pawne, for to maintaine the Tap, The Ale-house thriueth best I see, this all the world doth know, So here good fellow here’s to thee, Beggers all a row. 1 16 BEGGARS ALL A-ROW 1 1 I haue another Teaster yet, and cannot be content, I cannot rest nor quiet sit, till all my money be spent, Too much money makes men mad, the prouerb plaine doth show, And want of mony makes men sad, and Beggers all a row. 12 The bloudy fight moues me to wrath, between [the] Dutch and Spaine, I gladly [now] would know the truth, who [’twas the] fight did gaine, The D[utch attempted as its knowne, the S[pania]rd’s ouerthrowe, Now bo[th o]f them may make their moane w’ are \Be\ggers all a row. 13 A Country man did sell his Nagge, three Heafers, and a Bull, And brought to towne a Canuas bag, with writings filled full, But all the money that he had the Lawyer puld it too, Alasse poore man thy cause is bad, Beggers all a row. 14 Two men did passe their words of late for a Knaue as I did heare, They paid the debt, and broke their state for he would not appeare, 117 CAVALIER AND PURITAN Let others take example then, lest they themselues ouerthrow, Today they may be gentlemen, then Beggers all a row. 15 I that made this song of late, haue well obserued the time, Ide rather liue in meane estate, then higher seeke to climbe, My money is my lackie-boy, I send him too and fro, Sweet content I doe inioy, with Beggers all a row. 16 He that begges an almes of heauen, cannot complaine he’s poore, His daily Bread is daily giuen, what can he wish for more? Thus all are Beggers euery day, all both high and low, In this we may conclude and say, w’ are Beggers all a row. Humfrey Crozvch. [Prjinted2 by M. F. for R. Harper } and are to be sold at the Bible and [Harp]2 in Smithfield.3 2 Torn. 3 No period. 118 The life and death of Sir Thomas Wentworth C. 20 f. 2 (8), B. L., four columns, three woodcuts. Whatever may have been Laurence Price’s sentiments during the Civil War, here he expresses great devotion to the King and the royal family, and shows hearty approval of the execution of Thomas Went¬ worth, Earl of Strafford — consent to which is generally regarded as one of the most discreditable of Charles I’s acts. As Price chronicles, Strafford was made President of the Council of the North in 1628, Lord Deputy of Ireland in 1629, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland in 1640, Knight of the Garter and commander of the army against the Scots in 1640. He was impeached by the Long Parliament on twenty-eight counts, which dealt with his conduct in England, Scotland, and Ireland, and was condemned by a bill of attainder. His melancholy fate has attracted poets as widely separated in genius as Price, John Cleveland, John Denham, and Robert Browning. Professor Trent remarks that “one might legitimately claim for Price’s ballad a distinct Draytonian quality despite the homeliness which distinguishes the later poet.” Not so much can be said for a poem in heroic couplets written by one of Price’s rivals — uAn Elegie Vfon The Death of Thomas Earle of Straff or d, Lord Lievtenant of Ireland. Who was beheaded ufon Tower-Hill , the 12 of May , 1641. By Thomas Herbert. Printed Anno. Dom. 1641.” Herbert (who is dis¬ cussed on pp. 18 f., above) writes in this vein: O let Lord Wentworths fall, which once was wise, Cause us repent, that by it we may rise: The quintessence of valour he accounted was, But yet the Devill was too strong, alas ! Who can deride him? and not rather weep, That he by Satan should be layd asleep In vain securitie. Ireland forget his sinne, Only forsake those steps which he trod in. CAVALIER AND PURITAN An account of the execution is given in a pamphlet called The Two Last Speeches of T ' homas W entzvorth, 1641. In the same year verses, beginning, “Go, empty joys,” said to be of Strafford’s own composition were published in broadside-ballad form. For the tune see Chappell’s Popular Music , I, 174. Wt je true manner of tfje life anti ©eatfj of H>tr Thomas Wentworth , late ltorb=lUebtenant JSeputp of 3frelanb, TEorb tfHenerall of Ijis Jflajefities &rmp, i&ntgfjt of tljc i^oble orber of tfje barter, fcofjo bias befjeabeb tfje 12. bap of tins present monetfj of May , 1641. The tune is W ell ad ay W elladae. 1 Country men list to mee patiently patiently, And you shall heare and see, As time giues leasure, The obiect of mishap, Caught fast in his owne trap, Cast out of fortunes lap, Through his owne folly. 2 Sir Thomas W entworth hee, At the first at the first Rose to great dignitie, And was beloved, Charles our most gratious King Grac’t him in many a thing, And did much honour bring, On his proceedings. 120 LIFE AND DEATH OF THOMAS WENTWORTH 3 Fames Trumpet blasoned forth His great name, his great name Lord president of the North, So was he called, And as I understand, Hee had in Ireland, A place of great command, To raise his fortunes. 4 More1 honour did befall, Unto him unto him, He was Lord generall, Of the Kings army, These titles giuen had hee By the Kings Maiestie, And made assuredly Knight of the Garter. 5 But here’s the spoyle of all, Woe is mee, woe is mee, Ambition caus’d his fall, Against all reason, Hee did our lawes abuse, And many men misuse, For which they him accuse, Quite through the kingdome. « 6 New lawes hee sought to make, In Ireland in Ireland If he the word did speake, None durst withstand him, 1 Text Mo[]e. 121 CAVALIER AND PURITAN Hee rul’d with tyranny, And dealt most cruelly, To men in misery, The like was neare heard of. Cfje i£>econb part, Co tfje game tune. 7 He hath done thousands wrong As his knowne as his knowne And cast in prison strong, Our King’s liege people, Such cruelty possest H is black polluted brest, Hee thought himselfe well blest, In acting mischiefe. 8 But those that clime highest of all Oftentimes oftentimes, Doe catch the greatest fall, As here appeareth, By this unhappy wight, Who wrong’d his Countryes right, And over came by might, Our good king’s subiects. 9 To London Tower at last, He was brought, he was brought, For his Offences past, And just deservings, And after certainely, He was condemn’d to dye, For his false trechery, ’Gainst King and Country. 122 LIFE AND DEATH OF THOMAS WENTWORTH 10 It being the twelfth2 day In this moneth of May, As true reports doe say, Hee came to his tryall, The Nobles of our land, By Iustice lust command, Past sentence out of hand, That he should suffer. 1 1 When the appointed time, Was come that he should dye, For his committed crime, The ax being Ready, Up to the scaffold hee, Was brought immediately, Where thousands came to see, Him take his death. 12 After some Prayers said, And certaine speeches made, O’ th’ block his head he layd, Taking his farewell. The heads-man bloodily, Divided presently, His head from his body, With hees3 keene weapon. 13 Heauen grant, by his downefall That others may take heed, Lord send amongst us all, True peace of conscience, 2 Text twel[]th. 3 I.e., his. 123 CAVALIER AND PURITAN And may our King and Queene, Amongst us long be seene, With all their branches greene, To all our comfort. L.P. London, printed for Richard Burton , and are to be sold at the horse shooe at the Hospitall gate in Smithfield. 124 9 Keep thy head on thy shoulders Manchester, II, 48, B. L., four columns, three woodcuts. This ballad was written shortly after May 12, 1641, the date on which Lord Strafford (stanza 1) was beheaded. Laurence Price saw fit to celebrate Strafford’s execution in a woeful good-night (No. 8) ; John Lookes, in lighter vein, airily dismisses him, ridicules the ad¬ herents of the King who, to escape Strafford’s fate, have fled from England, and declares that, while beer and wine are obtainable, he will scoff at this “running disease” and will stay at home to carouse. Sir Francis Windebank, Secretary of State, and John, Lord Finch, Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal, in 1640 set the fashion of running away: the former, when summoned before the House of Commons early in December to give an account of his interference in the army, the court, and elsewhere in favor of Roman Catholics, was afraid to face the interrogators and, on December 10, fled to France, carrying letters of introduction written by the Queen; the latter, impeached as a traitor in December, fled to the Hague in a vessel of the royal navy. Both gentlemen were the subject of numerous satirical ballads and pamphlets — for example, Times Alteration ; or} A Dialogue betzveene my Lord Finch and Secretary Windebancke , at their meeting in France , 1641 (669. f. 4 (4)) — and many passing scornful allusions are made to them in such works as the well-known Stage-Players' Comflaint (1641). The “running disease” was soon contracted by Henry Percy, Henry Jermyn, Sir John Suckling, and Sir William Davenant (stanzas 6, 7), who were implicated in the Army Plot of May, 1641. All fled: Jermyn and Suckling reached France in safety, but Davenant was captured, brought before Parliament, tried, and acquitted. His subse¬ quent career is, of course, familiar to everybody. Satirical references to Suckling’s flight are too numerous and too well known to need citation here. John Lookes writes with complete detachment about the tragedy 125 CAVALIER AND PURITAN underlying the death of Strafford and the self-inflicted exile of the King’s adherents. Evidently (cf. stanza 8) he sympathized with Par¬ liament rather than the King. But too few of his ballads are preserved for one confidently to speak of his political affiliations. In any case, he continued to write ballads at least until 1648. In that year, his name is familiarly linked with Martin Parker’s as if the two men were the leading balladists of the time. Says Mercurius Pragmaticus (No. 12), in speaking of Francis Rous’s translation of the Psalms: “the more discerning spirits charge him with a Combination , as if he had taken John Lookes , Martin Parker , and such high flying wits of this Refor¬ mation , to be partners in the work. I wonder the Company of Stationers would deprive the Corporation of Ballad-mongers of such a choice peece But I have found no other allusion to him, and oblivion has almost engulfed his work. In the Manchester Collection, Lookes is represented by: (1) “A famous Sea-fight: OR, [A Bloo]dy Battell, which was fought between the Spaniard [and th]e Hollander , beginning on the sixth day of this present month of September , 163 [9] being Friday . . . To the Tune of Brave Lord Willoughby ” (II, 36), slightly mutilated; (2) a fragment of a ballad printed by Francis Grove, of which the refrain is “O thou Projector whither wilt thou stray?” (II, 52); (3) another fragment, printed by Francis Grove and dealing with the execution at Winchester of one William Annall for murdering Alice Vinson (II, 54); and (4) “The Ragman” (I, 46), which is reprinted in the Roxburghe Ballads , VII, 78; VIII, 777. The first of these ballads, “A famous Sea-fight,” deals with the episode referred to in No. 7, stanza 12. The tune is named from the refrain of the ballad itself and re¬ quires a measure different from that of the Cherrily and Merrily given in Chappell’s Popular Music , I, 285. Rhythmically the ballad is very good, and the lilting refrain almost sings itself. 126 KEEP THY HEAD ON THY SHOULDERS Jkttpt tfjp fjeafo on tfjp Sfjoulfcersi, Unto 3f totU feeepe mine. OR, A merry health drunke in Wine and Beere , Not to them that flyes for 7, But to those that stayes heere. To the tune of, Merrily and cherrily , &c. 1 Though Wentworths beheaded, Should any Repyne, Thers others may come To the Blocke besides he : Keepe thy head on thy Shoulders I will keepe mine; For what is all this to thee or to mee‘? Then merrily and cherrily Lets drink off our Beere , Let who as will run for it Wee will stay heere. 2 What meanes our brave gallants So fast for to flye : Because they are afraid That some danger might be, They car’d not for seeing The Deputy dye, But what is all this to thee or to me : Then merrily and cherrily Lets drink off our Beere , Let who as will run for it , We will stay heere. 127 CAVALIER AND PURITAN 3 Since that Finch and Windebanke First crost the Seas, To shun some great danger Its thought they fore-see; Ther’s many hath catched The Running Disease, But what is all this to thee or to mee'? Then merrily and cherrily Lets drinke off our Beere , Let who as will run for it , We will stay heere . 4 Although some by running, To scape had the hap, Which formerly feared They punisht should be Yet others as cunning, Were catcht in the trap, But what is all this to thee or to mee, Then merrily and cherrily Lets drink off our Beere , Let who as will run for it , We will stay heere. 5 A man to doe evill And have too much Grace, Me thinkes its a wonder Most strange for to see, So little in person, Yet great by his place: But what is all this to thee or to me, 128 KEEP THY HEAD ON THY SHOULDERS Then merrily and cherrily Lets drinke off our wine Keepe thy head on thy shoulders , I will keepe mine . GTjje seconti iPart, to tfje same 3Tune. 6 What strength hath an infant To doe any harme So long as the keeper Doth it over see Its fit that a Sucklin Were led by the arme But what is all this to thee or to me? Then merily and cherily Lets drink off our wine Keepe thy head on thy shoulders I will keepe mine. 7 Though Iermin and others Were loath to rehearse, What they thought in England , Here acted should be, Let Davinant write downe Their travells in verse, But what is all this to thee or to me, Then merrily and cherrily Lets drinke up our Beere , Let who as will run for it , We will stay he ere. 8 Since no Canterbury , Nor old womans tale, 129 CAVALIER AND PURITAN Or dissimulation Will credited be, The Popish Supporters Begin for to fade, But what is all this to thee or to me? Then merrily and cherrily Lets drink e off our wine , Keepe thy head on thy shoulders , 1 will keepe mine. 9 Though some with much patience Hath suffered long: Who1 after much tryall [Are la]tely2 set free: And others be punish’ t Which did them such wrong, But what is all this to thee or to me Then merrily and cherrily , (Sc. 10 Suppose that the Masse-Priests And Iesuits all, Which troubled our Nation Should banished be; Weel never be danted At Bahylons fall, For what is all this to thee or to me? Then merrily and cherrily , (Sc. 1 1 Lets never be sorry For that which is past, 1 Text wtjo. * Torn. 130 KEEP THY HEAD ON THY SHOULDERS That each man ins calling Most Iocond may be, Still hoping long look’t for Will come at the last, And times at more certaine,3 We shortly shall see,3 Then merrily and cherrily Lets drinke of our wine , &c. 12 If that all false Traytors, Were banisht our Land, And that from all Popery It once might be free, Then England and Scotland Might joyne hand in hand Then times will prove better to thee & to me. So merrily and cherrily W eel drinke wine and Beere, Let who as will run for it , We will stay he ere. j T$m&. lohn Lookes . LONDON , Printed for Thomas Lambert , 1641. 3 These two lines properly form only one line. 131 IO The bishops' last good-night 669. f. 4 (61), roman and italic type, two columns, two woodcuts. The first cut represents Laud seated at his table and saying, “Only Canonicall prayers no afternoon sermons.” A group of bishops on his right are saying, “So we desire it,” while two citizens, evidently rep¬ resenting Parliament, reply, “Then no Bishops.” In the second cut, the Pope, wearing a triple crown, carrying a large sceptre, and riding a many-headed beast, addresses three men — a “Jesuit” with a knife in his hand, a “Fryer,” and a “Papist” — with the words “Estote prodi- tores Betraye your Country.” Across the top of the sheet above the cuts is the legend, Where Popery and Innovations doe begin, There Treason will by degrees come in. Under them is, If they had ruld still, where had we been? God keepe us from Prelates, Popish Prelates. A heavy lace border encloses the entire sheet, and the two columns are separated by a lace rule of another design. The printing is very good, and the sheet itself striking and pleasing. The colophon, it will be observed, is in the same stanza-form as the text. Thomason simply dates the sheet (which is described in the British Museum Catalogue of Satirical Prints , I, 166) “February” (1642). Another copy of it was formerly in the Huth library. The occasion was this: On December 28, 1641, the House of Lords debated on a motion to declare that, “in consequence of the continued presence of the rabble, Parliament was no longer free.” By a majority of four votes, the Lords on the following day voted that Parliament was free. Only two of the bishops, however — Goodman and Pierce — had been bold enough in the face of the hostile London mob, to take their seats in the Parliament; so that on the same day (December 29) Archbishop Williams presented to Charles I a protest signed by himself 132 THE BISHOPS’ LAST GOOD-NIGHT and eleven bishops for presentation to the House of Lords. “The bishops, it declared, having been violently assaulted in coming to the House, and lately chased away and put in danger of their lives, could find ‘no redress or protection.’ They therefore protested that all laws, orders, votes, resolutions, and determinations made in their absence were null and void; or, in other words, that the vote of the 28th, declaring Parliament to be free, was to be set aside as irregular.” The King turned the protest over to the Lords, who sent it to the Commons as “containing high and dangerous consequence” and as encroaching upon the fundamental privileges of Parliament. On December 30, all twelve bishops were impeached as guilty of high treason “by endeav¬ ouring to subvert the fundamental laws of the kingdom, and the very being of Parliament. One member indeed said that ‘he did not believe they were guilty of treason, but that they were stark mad; and there¬ fore desired that they might be sent to Bedlam.’ No other voice was raised in their favour.”1 Before night, ten of the signers were sent to the lower; two — Wright and Morton — because of their age and infirmity, to the House of the Usher of the Black Rod. The protest can be seen in the Journals of the House of Commons , II, 362, and the Journals of the House of Lords , IV, 496. (Cf. also Robert Lemon’s Catalogue of . . . Printed Broadsides , No. 323.) The signers were John Williams (Archbishop of York), George Coke (Hereford), Geoffrey Goodman (Gloucester), Owen Morgan (Llandaff), Thomas Morton (Durham), William Pierce (Bath and Wells), Robert Skinner (Oxford), John Towers (Peterborough), Matthew Wrenn (Ely), Robert Wright (Lichfield and Coventry), Joseph Hall (Norwich), and John Owen (St. Asaph’s). Most of them were released from prison after a comparatively short time, though Wrenn remained in confinement until the Restoration. The present ballad is a very unsympathetic song of triumph on the downfall of these men by a rabid hater of the episcopacy. He wished the latter to be destroyed root and branch, and no doubt he lived to see this wish temporarily accomplished. 1 S. R. Gardiner, History of England , 1603-1642, 1894, X, 118—125. i33 Biftiops. CAVALIER AND PURITAN , whcrc Popery and Innovations doe bcein*. If they had mid ftill, where had we been i I. Come downe Prelates, all arow, Your Protestation brings you low, Have not we alwayes told you so; You are too sawey Prelates, Come downe Prelates. II. Canterbury your Armes from the Steeple high, The stormes have caused low to lie, You know not how soone your selfe may die, Prepare your selfe Canterbury ; Downe must Canterbury . III. Y orke , when you were Lincolne of late, You were in the T ower , yet still you will prate, 134 Citizens. THE BISHOPS’ LAST GOOD-NIGHT How dare you Protest against the whole State, You are too bold Y or ke , Come downe proud Yorke. IV. Durham , how dare you be so bold, To have the Parliament by you contrould, ’Twere2 better you to the Scots had been sold, You are deceived Durham, Come downe old Durham. V. Coventry, and Lichfeild, your Popery is knowne, ’Twere2 better you had let the Parliament alone, But now it’s too late to make your moane, You are fast Coventry, Come downe Coventry. VI. Norwich, is your Remonstrance3 come to this, We now see what your humilitie is; Were vou removed from Exeter for this, You are led away Norwich, Ctime downe Norwich. VII. Asaph, what a change is here, You that even now was so great a Peere, And now a Prisoner this new yeare ; You must lie by it Asaph, In the Tower Asaph. T ext T5 were. / An Humble Remonstrance to the High Court of Parliament (1640 and 1641), subject of virulent attacks by John Milton. i35 The Pope. CAVALIER AND PURITAN There Treafbn will by degrees come in. God kcepe ns from Prelates, Popiffi Prelates. VIII. Bath and Weis, where is now thy hope, Canst thou not get a pardon from the Pope, To passe away without a Rope? Where art thou Bath and Weis? Down must Bath and Weis. IX. Hereford , was never so promoted, Since out of the Convocation he was rooted, To hasten this project it was well footed, To bring thee down Hereford , Down must Hereford. X. Oxford , the Students will curse thy fact, For doing of such an ungodly Act, 136 Jefuit, Fryer, and Papift. THE BISHOPS’ LAST GOOD-NIGHT Thy credit now is utterly cract : You are not for Oxford , But the Tower Oxford. XI. Ely , thou hast alway to thy power, Left the Church naked in a storme and showre, And now (for’t) thou must to thy old friend ith’ Tower; To the Tower must Ely, Come away Ely. XII. Gloster , go tell old William 4 now, That thou art made perforce to bow, Meerly drawn in, thou knowst though how, You must away Gloster , To prison poore Gloster. XIII. Peterborough , England knows thee well, Where is thy candle, book, and Bell*? Thy Pardons now will never sell, There’s no help Peterborough , Go must Peterborough. XIIII. Eandaff , provide for St. Davids day, Lest the Leeke, and Red-herring run away, Are you resolved to go or to stay? You are called for Eandaff , Come in Eandaff. jfifjam e.y Archbishop Laud. !37 CAVALIER AND PURITAN London Printed in the yeer that ended, When the Prelates Protestation against the Parliament was vended, And they were sent to the Tower, as the old yeer ended, By a dozen together, In frosty weather. Anno Dom. 1642. 138 1 1 Thanks to the Parliament Luttrell Collection, III, 61, roman and italic type, two columns, no woodcuts. The author sings a paean of rejoicing over the attitude and achieve¬ ments of the Long Parliament. He had in delight, for more than a year following its opening on November 3, 1640, watched its gradual assumption of the reins of government. Pointing out that only the Parliament enables men to live in peace, free from the tyranny of ship-money, monopolies, and papists, he fails to mention directly any action of the King’s, though on the King his poem throughout is a veiled attack. The Parliament, he says, goes in terror of its life, but will nevertheless act courageously. Evidently he was a devout Puritan. Few ballads with this point of view are known, and for that reason this ballad is a welcome addition to our general knowledge of the period. The printer Underhill was himself an author. He died about 1660 (cf. G. E. B. Eyre’s Transcript of the Stationers' Registers , II, 243, 320). 139 CAVALIER AND PURITAN ®t>anfee* to tfje 1 Come let us cheere our hearts with lusty wine, Though Papists at the Parliament repine; And Rattle-Heads so busily combine That thou canst call thy Wife and Children thine, Thanke the great Counsell of the King , And the Kings great Counsells . 2 Like silly Sheepe they did us daily sheare, Like Asses strong our backes were made to beare, Intollerable burdens, yeare by yeare, No hope, no helpe, no comfort did appeare, But from the great Counsell of the King , And the Kings great Counsell. 3 With taxes, and Monopolies opprest, Ship-mony, Souldiers, Knighthood, and the rest, The Coate and Conduct-mony was no jest, Then think good neighbour how much we are blest In the great Counsell of the King , And the Kings great Counsell. 4 Were not these plagues worse then a sweeping rot, O how unkindly did they use the Scot ; But those bould blades did prove so fiery hot This swinging Bowie to them, this other Pot To the great Counsell of the King , And the Kings great Counsell. 5 Who did regard our povertie, our teares, Our wants, our miseries, our many feares, Whipt, stript, and fairely banisht as appeares ; You that are masters, now of your owne eares 140 THANKS TO THE PARLIAMENT Bless e the great Court sell of the King , And the Kings great Counsell. 6 Great paine to till the land ere it be sowne, And yet the bread we eate was not our owne, So greedy were those Catterpillers growne, But now the nest of filthy Birds are flowne From the great Counsell of the King , And the Kings great Counsell. 7 At Country men, they had a deadly sting They would have pul’d us bare both taile and wing And all for sooth for profit of the King, Are they not found false knaves in every thing By the great Counsell of the King , And the Kings great Counsell. 8 Had not these theeves an Ore in every Boate, And still their wicked mallice is afloate, Would they not now perswad’s to cut our throate, By printed Proclamations against the Vote, Of the great Counsell of the King , And the Kings great Counsell. 9 See how this wise Assembly they abuse, And fill their heads with tittle tattle Newes, As if they were farre worse than Turkes and Jewes, Because they are the men whom we did chuse, For the great Councell of the King , And the Kings great Counsell. o Simion and Levy,1 Twins together joyn’d, In Alter-worship, let their flockes be pin’d, 1 See Genesis, xxxiv. Hi CAVALIER AND PURITAN Why should men preach that have so little minde4? This makes these Wolves so easily inclin’d ’ Gainst the great Counsell 2 of the King , And the Kings great Counsell. 1 1 Now3 tell me Tom , shall we thus cheated be, By Papists, Athiests, and the Hirarchie To fall from those who faine would set us free, And undergoe such care for thee and me, That great Counsell of the King , And the Kings great Counsell. 12 The bloody Papist act their Tragicke part, Though covered close with Subtilty and Art, The Prelates have their Spoke in the same Cart, Both ayming now to wound us to the heart ; In the great Counsell of the King , And the Kings great Counsell. 13 Where’s our defence if we cut off our hand, Shall we to fire our houses light a brand, And joyne with those who would destroy the Land, For my part I resolve to fall or stand, With the great Counsell of the King , And the Kings great Counsell. 14 They goe in feare of poyson and of knives,4 Are slaves themselves to free our feete from gyves, Neglect their owne to save us and our wives, lie loose them all, had I a thousand lives, For the great Counsell of the King , And the Kings great Counsell. 2 Text Conusell. 3 Text 'New. 4 Period. 142 THANKS TO THE PARLIAMENT Come Drawer quickly bring us up our score We will not pay in Chalke behind the doore, The Sun is sleeping on the Westerne Shore, Meete me to morrow I will tell thee more Of the great Counsell of the King , And the Kings great Counsell. LONDON , Printed for Thomas Underhill , at the Signe of the Bible in Woodstreet, 1642. I 2 A godly exhortation 669. f. 6 (87), roman and italic type, two columns, no woodcuts. Thomason’s date is November 9, 1642. It is difficult from this sheet to determine Humphrey Crouch’s political affiliations. He seems to have been much distressed at the turmoil into which godlessness, sectarianism, and quarrels between King and peers have thrown England, and in the second and third stanzas he comments on the overthrow of the Established Church as if he were an adherent of it; but to no party does he definitely commit himself. Perhaps his poem is a fair reflection of the state of mind of ordi¬ nary men in the streets: such persons always find themselves vaguely distressed by wars, which interrupt their business and happiness for causes that are obscure or inexplicable. The condition of London, with its streets full of armed men and with cannon at every gate, is pre¬ sented graphically. Crouch was a voluminous writer of chap-books and ballads. Several of the latter are reprinted in this volume (Nos. 7, 23, 54); another is in the Manchester Collection (II, 52); still others are scattered through the Roxburghe Ballads (I, 469; II, 154; VI, 542, 560). Like John and Edward Crouch, Humphrey printed ballads and broadsides; for example, “A Whip for the back of a backsliding Brownist” (ca. 1640), a verse sheet in the Luttrell Collection, II, 237. Among his works may be mentioned also Loves Court of Co?iscience , 1637, a group of mediocre amatory poems (reprinted by J. P. Collier in 1866); The Comfleat Bell-Man , a series of short poems, ca. 1640, on the various saints’ days (Bodleian, Wood 110 (7)); The Parliainent Of Graces , Briefly shewing The banishment of Peace, the farewell of Amity , the want of Honesty , the distraction of Religion , etc., a prose pamphlet dated 1642 (Wrenn Library, The University of Texas); The Welsh Traveller, or the Unfortunate W elshman, 165 5, a highly popular book, a later edition of which is reprinted in Hazlitt’s Remains of the Early Popular Poetry of England, IV, 329 fL; and A New and Pleas- 144 A GODLY EXHORTATION ant History of unfortunate Hogd of The Sovth , 165 5, a collection of twenty-three short prose jests (Bodleian, Wood 259 (6)). For further works by Crouch see the catalogue of the Thomason tracts and the Stationers’ Registers for November 9, 1638, and April 5, 165 5. Com¬ plimentary verses by him and by the dramatist Thomas Heywood were printed in Randolph Mayeres’s “catalogue of his disasters” called Mayeres His Travels (1638). I have found a few contemporary references to him. Mercurius Britannicus for July 11, 1648, p. 69, remarks that “the late Franticke Triumvirate , that were met together in the name of the King at Hampton Court. . . . commanded a Secretary ... to write a Decla- ration , and two Epistles generall to the P arliament and City (who, had Humphrey Crouch presented them with a Ballad , would have accepted it with as much reverence).” In its calendar for February, Merlinus Anonymous , 165 5, sig. A 6V, notes: “ Humphrey Crozvch printed his famous, & long expected Romance called Vnfortunate Jack , 1650.” Finally, in Sportive Funeral Elegies , 1656, Crouch is ranked with Samuel Smithson and Laurence Price as one of the “glorious three” of balladry (cf. p. 67). It would be gratifying if Crouch were the poet addressed in the jocular verses “To Mr. Humphrey C. on his Poem entitled Loves Hawking Bag” that appear in the Choice Poems (1669, p. 104) of Sir Aston Cokaine. But I can find no trace of such a poem and fear that it was the work of one Humphrey Cumberford, to whose memory on a later page (193) Cokaine contributed a satirical epitaph. H5 CAVALIER AND PURITAN a obij> m ®its m&W MmmM. Vetoing tie true cause of tits unnaturall CtbtU Mar amongst us. Psal 1L . Verse XV. Call upon me in the time of trouble, so will I heare thee, and thou shalt praise me. 1 When pride aboundeth in the City, And peoples hearts are void of pity; When little children learne to sweare, And wickednesse abounds each where. Then let Gods people crie and call Good Lord have mercy on us all. 2 When as Gods service is neglected, And able Ministers rejected: When Popery resteth in the land, And strives to get the upper hand. Then let Gods people crie and call Good Lord have mercy on us all. 3 When people they have itching eares, Desturb our Church, and grieve our Peers : When men despise good government, And spurne against the Parliament. ? Tis time for us to crie and call Good Lord have mercy on us all. 4 When as the Kingdome is divided, And by the sword the cause decided : When Law and Justice take no place, And people lose their hold of grace. 146 A GODLY EXHORTATION 5 Tis time for us to crie and call Good Lord have mercy on us all. 5 When people stumble at a straw, And make their own selfe will a Law When people maketh sanctity A cloake to hide hypocrisie. 'Tis time for us to crie and call Good Lord have mercy on us all. 6 When people for meer trifles quarrell, And make a Pulpit of a barrell : When people run from place to place, Unreverently Gods Church deface, ’ Tis time for us to crie and call Good Lord have mercy on us all. 7 When some that cannot read nor write Shall tell us of a new-found light, And Scripture unto us expounds, True learned Discipline confounds. 5 Tis tune for us to crie and call Good Lord have mercy on us all. 8 When people are distracted so, Distressed England fil’d with woe: When people for the common good, Unnaturall shed each others bloud, ’ Tis time for us to crie and call Good Lord have mercy on us all. 9 When dire destruction runs before, And brings bad tidings to our door : 147 CAVALIER AND PURITAN When arme, arme, arme, is all the crie, To adde griefe to our misery. ’ Tis tune for us to crie and call Good Lord have mercy on us all. 10 When armed men each day we meet In every lane and every street: When as our streets are chained streight, And Ordnance plac’d at every gate. ’Tis time for us to crie and call Good Lord have mercy on us all. 1 1 When London is entrenched round, When feare our senses doth confound; When men with griefe behold those works, As if we were besieg’d by Turks. ’ Tis time for us to crie and call Good Lord have mercy on us all. 12 Now since we are distressed thus, Good Lord make haste to succour us; On wofull England cast thine eye, And ease us of this misery. For now ’tis tune to crie and call Good Lord have mercy on us all. 13 When King and Peers agree in one, And cause a blessed union; When all imbrace, and throw downe arms, And we be freed from publick harms. Then shall we finde when we do call That thou dost heare and helpe us all . 148 A GODLY EXHORTATION When they shall fall that doe oppose Thee in thy way, O Lord, and those That wish well to thy Church encrease, Then shall betide a happy peace. Then shall we finde when we doe call That thou dost heare and helpe us all . jruam Humphrey Crouch. LONDON, Printed for Richard Harper. 1642. 149 J3 A satire on James I and Charles I E. 267 (2). This ballad, or libel, is preserved in three quarto pages of manuscript copied, presumably from a printed sheet, by George Thomason. He dated it April 1, 1645. It has no title. In this reprint, most of the contractions have been expanded, and punctuation has been supplied. Beginning with a caustic denunciation of James I, his patentees, and his minion Buckingham, the balladist makes some rather indelicate comments on Queen Anne and Queen Henrietta Maria, sneers at James I’s grandson, Prince Rupert, and declares that the Duke of Buckingham poisoned James — “rewarded him with a fig.” (Cf. Gardiner, History of England , VI, 101; George Eglisham, The- Fore- Runner of Revenge , 1626, and A Strange Apparition, or the Ghost of King James , with a Late Conference between the Ghost of That Good King . . . and George Eglisham , Doctor of Physick . . . Concerning the Death and Poisoning of King James , 1642. These two pamphlets are reprinted in the Harleian Miscellany , 1809, II, 69; IV, 528). He then turns to Charles I, of whose life and errors a very hostile sketch is given, and warns his readers that under no circumstances is Charles to be trusted. Some disrespectful comments are made about the King’s family, his friends, and his favorites. The author’s references to him¬ self, in stanzas 7 and 9, are not intelligible.1 Indeed, throughout the libel the language is vague, the meaning hard to make out. Especially puzzling is the fourth line in the last stanza. 1 With stanza 7 compare this stanza from a four-page pamphlet, The Citie Letany (c<3. 1646), preserved in the Harvard College Library (Gay 184. 166): From being beaten and stript to the skin, The case that we once in Cornwall were in, Which we confesse was a scourge for our sin, Libera nos. 150 A SATIRE ON JAMES I AND CHARLES I [9 £§>attre on Etng James I anb 1 Ung Charles I] 1 Queene Bettie kept warres with France and with Spaine, And after, Good People, you felt who did Raigne. King lames was the ist, as you well may remember, That should haue beene blowne vp the 5* of November, Which might haue made some afraid Ever hereafter, And not wedd, as he did, God knowes whose Daughter. 2 He was both cunning and fearefull, wee find, And loose in his Pockets before and behind; He kept on with Pattents to make the State Poore, And still Kept a Minion in stead of a whoore; yet his Wife all his Life Made him not Vary, Though his Nan was a Span Longer then Mary. 3 His match made with Denmarke our Hornes did advanc, But nothing like those were brought vs from France : To blame 2 such Ladies none have a Pretence, Who found it their Fortune for many Dissents; For them that swears that their Heirs Came from a Norman May sooner bee out then Hee Came from a German. Hi CAVALIER AND PURITAN 4 The Palsgraue2 He would not allow for a King, Presaging what mischiefe his offspring would bring, That Plundering Rupert should keepe from Reliefe, That burn’d Townes that helpt him to many a Briefe. This Plague we haue though we gaue Money to Saue him From the Rope that we hope One day will haue him. 5 When George3 had rewarded King lames with a Figge, H is Sonne, being crowned, began to looke bigge, And Iosled downe Parliaments, casting the Men Into th’ Starchamber; his Counsellors then, Who all did Erre, some concurre, But in the Conclusion So they wrought as they brought All to Confusion. 6 The Scots he proclaimed his Enemies First, As Further from Purpose he thought them the worst ; The Rebels in Ireland he had then their Votes, With Ample Commission to cut all our Throates, Though they stare and they sweare, On their Salvation, This Base Fry they Imploy For Reformation. 2 Frederick, Prince Palatine, husband of James Ps daughter, the Princes3 Elizabeth, and father of the celebrated “Plundering Rupert.” 3 Villiers, Duke of Buckingham. 152 7 A SATIRE ON JAMES I AND CHARLES I When with Honest Iocky4 few English would fight, The word of a King would passe for the Right; But when vnto London they backward returned, They with their owne officers caus’d it be burned. His word’s a Ioy, for at Foy5 After faire Quarter, In’s gracious Sight I was quite Stripped soone after. 8 Let no man belieue him what euer he sweares; Hee’s so many Iesuits hangs at his Eares, Besids an Indulgence procured from Rome To Pardon his Sinnes both past and to come; Which is more then the whore6 Ere would haue granted But to see Poperie Here againe Planted. g The clashing of officers yield vs such scorne To those that thus make vs push Horne against Horne ; Whosoeuer were knaues or fooles at the best, Yet I would Vnkle William7 had gone for the West, Where i’ th’ Nooke wee were Tooke Makes them so merrie, They say, since our Excellence Lay in a wherrie. 4 I.e., with the Scots. 0 Fowey, Cornwall (cf. Gardiner, History of the Great Civil War, II, 14). 6 The Church of Rome. ‘ Laud (f January 10, 1645)? 153 A common observation 669. f. 10 (31), roman and italic type, three columns, no woodcuts. Thomason’s date is May 4, 1645. The author of this broadside sympathized with the Parliament’s abolition of the episcopacy, — “God gave no warrants for such toys,” he says, — with its remission of the fines and other penalties the King had laid upon Bastwick, Prynne, and Osbaldeston, and with its inimical actions against prominent Royalists. Peace, however, was what the author wanted, and he was evidently not convinced that all the acts of Par¬ liament were directed toward that end. In the fifteenth stanza he takes a fling at the Princess Royal Mary (1631—1660), who, to the chagrin of her suitor Charles Lewis, Elector Palatine, was married to William II, Prince of Orange (1626—1650), on May 2, 1641, but who because of her extreme youth assumed her conjugal position only at the beginning of 1644. Such an instance of hostility towards a member of the royal family has real significance. 154 A COMMON OBSERVATION 21 Common ©bseruatton upon tfjese 1 As I about the towne did walke, I heard the People how they talke, Of the brave Parliament. Some praise the Lords , and some the Scots , Some thinke that they have further plots, Some blame the Government. 2 Cause Oxford Lords can sweare and rore, And breake a Lance halfe broke before, They talke of mighty Fights. But when they come to Leshlyes1 hand, Hee made them quickly understand, They were but Carpet Knights. 3 The Caluinists may plainly see, That all election now is free, Yet Schismaticks complaine: Though Canterbury 2 to their Face, Hath prov’d a Man may fall from grace, And never rise againe. 4 Poore Prinz and Bastwick 4 now appeares, And Osbaston 5 may shew his Eares, The Iustice being knowne : Of that high Court where planners rul’d, Who too long had the World befoold, With knavery of their owne. Alexander Leslie, General of the Scotch army. Archbishop Laud. 3 William Prynne (1600—1669). John Bastwick, theological controversialist. Lambert Osbaldeston (1594—1659), master of Westminster School. i55 CAVALIER AND PURITAN 5 Yet some of them did keepe a stir, And said they onely did concur, With those were wiser knowne. Twas Rhetoric kG betraid their eares, And he hath none hong Philip 7 sweares, Were it to save his owne. 6 Thom Trevor 8 made a iust complaint, That he in Lawes was ignorant, How far they would encroach: But Spanish Franck? cannot say so, Nor some tunns else that I do know, Which are not yet abroach. 7 There is a new Lord Keeper10 in, And for to pray can be no sinne, To keepe his Conscience free: And not grow greazy like his Purse, Who had no Wife to make him worse, As had old CoventreyR 8 Our Secretary knavery,12 Hath left his Brother Vanity,13 Who is of prattle full : And yet he could not find a speech, For to protect the Reverend Breech , Of T o?n the great MogullF 6 Text Rhetorcick. 7 Philip Herbert, Earl of Pembroke. 8 Sir Thomas Trevor (1586—1656). 9 Who ? 10 Edward Littleton, made Lord Keeper in January, 1641. 11 Text has a comma. Thomas, Lord Coventry served as Lord Keeper from 1625 to 1640. 12 Windebank. Sir Henry Vane the Younger. Sir Thomas (afterwards Lord) Fairfax. 156 14 A COMMON OBSERVATION 9 Some say her ioyncture made the Queene, So oft at W estminster to be seene, Though Carlile10 shew her Face, To steele the forehead of that Lord,16 For whom the State proclam’ d accord, More proper then such grace. 10 And Heath 17 they say might safely sweare, He never did a bribe forbeare, What ere was the condition; When he was iudge with theeves he shard, And yet tis knowne that he was spard, His sonne brought the Petition. 1 1 Although that Goring 18 have a stroke, In tavernes and the Indian 9 smoke, Let Dorset 20 scape for one. Though he approves of Venus play, I never yet heard mortall say, He lov’d the Whore of Ro?ne. 12 The Popes did never keepe such stirs, As his late Grace21 and Officers, For every small offence. For V enery was in their dayes, Which I remember to their praise, at most but sixteene pence. 13 Lucy Hay, Countess of Carlisle. 16 Lord Strafford ? 17 Sir Robert Heath, Lord Chief Justice of the King’s Bench, who was impeached for high treason by the Commons in July, 1644. 13 George, Lord Goring, Royalist commander. 19 Tobacco? 20 Edward Sackville, Earl of Dorset, Royalist statesman. 21 Laud. i57 CAVALIER AND PURITAN 13 Let Arundell2 2 be punisht then, That plagud all were not Gentlemen, Which makes me much affraid,23 That he or his Posteritee, Will prove as poore as thee or mee, When all his debts be paid. 14 Our Churches now are purged cleane, From Prelats, Chapters, and the Deane, Who long have liv’d like Hogs. God gave no Warrants for such toyes, Nor can he but abhor the noise, they made like masty Doggs. 15 Will the German 24 may reioyce, To heare that MaW that hath such choise, Doth place him by her side. Nor can the State be counted free, Vnlesse they set up Monarchy,25 to gratifie the Bride. 16 Here is no roome for Conaway ,2G Nor many more that run away, Of pardon that dispaire: Nor H opt on21 that no charge refus’d Who hath already beene abus’d, Sufficient for his share. 22 Thomas Howard, Earl of Arundel (f 1646), who presided as Lord High Steward at the trial of Strafford. 23 Period. "4 William II and Mary, Prince and Princess of Orange. 25 Text Monarthy. 26 Edward, Lord Conway, leader in Waller’s plot of 1643. 2‘ Ralph, Lord Hopton, Royalist general. 158 A COMMON OBSERVATION 17 I may be thought an Heritick , Although I speake it in this ht, I sinne in that and wine. Because I creepe not to the Cope, But hold the Bishops from the Pope, But not by right Divine. 18 If that the House continues still, To punish those that have done ill, and these our warres doe cease,28 The purer sort ile celebrate, To whom I owe both Life and State, I say God send us peace.29 jam Printed in the yeare, 1645. 28 Period. 28 Colon. 159 !5 The zvorld is turned upside down 669. f. 10 (47), roman and italic type, two columns, no woodcuts. Thomason’s date is April 8, 1646. Here a Royalist — to the tune, taken from Martin Parker’s celebrated ballad, of When the King Enjoys His Own Again (Chappell’s Popular Music , II, 434) — laments the passing of Christmas festivities and the decay of charity, both of which, in his opinion, were slain at the battle of Naseby in 1645. His comments on hospitality were anticipated in “A Songe bewailinge the tyme of Christmas, So much decayed in Englande” (Rollins, Old English Ballads , p. 372; Roxburghe Ballads , I, 154) that was written much earlier in the century. The ballad is symptomatic of the unrest that resulted all over England from the prohibition of Christmas festivities. Riots in protest against the law occurred everywhere. Gardiner ( History of the Great Civil War , IV, 45—46) shows that the riots at Canterbury during Christmas, 1647, were especially severe, 3000 of the trained bands being required to suppress them. Printed satires abounded. One pamphlet inquires “whether the Parliament had not cause to forbid Christmas when they found their printed Acts under so many Christmas Pies?” {Harleian Miscellany , 1812, IX, 413). The Arraignment , Conviction and Im¬ prisoning of Christmas. Printed by Simon Mine* d-Pye for Cissely Plum-porridge (1646), John Taylor’s The Complaint of Christmas (1646), and A Ha! Christmas (1647), “a sound and good perswasion for Gentlemen, and all wealthy men, to keepe a good Christmas” (a pamphlet printed by Gilbert Mabbott, on whom see pp. 13, 54), are worthy of mention. In 1656, Laurence Price took up the subject with his book called Make Room for Christmas. 160 THE WORLD IS TURNED UPSIDE DOWN sewn. To the Tune of, When the King envoys his own again. 1 Listen to me and you shall hear, News hath not been this thousand year: Since Herod , Caesar , and many more, You never heard the like before. Holy-dayes are despis’d, New fashions are devis’d. Old Christmas is kickt out of Town. Yet let's be content , and the times lament , You see the world turn' d upside down. 2 The wise men did rejoyce to see Our Saviour Christs Nativity: The Angels did good tidings bring, The Sheepheards did rejoyce and sing. Let all honest men, Take example by them. Why should we from good Laws be bound? Yet let's be content , &c. 3 Command is given, we must obey, And quite forget old Christmas day : Kill a thousand men, or a Town regain, We will give thanks and praise amain. The wine pot shall clinke, We will feast and drinke. And then strange motions will abound. Yet let' s be content, &c. CAVALIER AND PURITAN 4 Our Lords and Knights, and Gentry too, Doe mean old fashions to forgoe : They set a porter at the gate, That none must enter in thereat. They count it a sin, When poor people come in. Hospitality it selfe is drown’d. Yet let’s be content , &c. 5 The serving men doe sit and whine, And thinke it long ere dinner time : The Butler’s still out of the way, Or else my Lady keeps the key, The poor old cook, In the larder doth look, Where is no goodnesse to be found, Yet let’s be content , &c. 6 To conclude, Lie tell you news that’s right, Christmas was kil’d at Nasbie fight: Charity was slain at that same time, Jack Tell troth too, a friend of mine, Likewise then did die, Rost beef and shred pie, Pig, Goose and Capon no quarter found. Yet let’ s be content , and the times lament. You see the world is quite turn’ d round. 162 The zealous soldier 669. f. 10 (50), roman and italic type, two columns, one woodcut. Thomason’s date is April 16, 1646. This sheet, with the following number, presents the zealous Presby¬ terian’s point of view. It speaks, in distinctly literary terms, of the abolition of Popery and Established Forms, declaring that internecine war is a small price to pay for such a blessing and predicting a return to peace in the near future of a united and bettered nation. In 1643, the author says, there was cause for depression: in 1646 towns and armies daily fall into the hands of the Parliament’s forces, and the end of the war is in sight. In his Popular Music (II, 414), William Chap¬ pell quoted a Civil-War tract which said of the soldiers of Parliament, “on their first visit to Canterbury, they slashed the service books, sur¬ plices, &c., and ‘began to play the tune of The Zealous Soldier on the organs, . . . which never were in tune since’ ” — possibly a reference to the present sheet. 163 CAVALIER AND PURITAN i For God, and for his cause, Tie1 count it gaine To lose my life; o can one happier Die, Then for to Fall, in Battaile, to maintaine Gods worship, truth, extirpate Popery : I fight not, for to venge my selfe, nor yet, For coine, but Gods true, worship up to set. II Those Mercinary Souldiers that doe Fight Onely for pay, are most Degenerate. Not worthy to enjoy the subjects Right Not worthy loue of God, of Church or State, Though I Denie not, but They usefull are, Yet should not, with the Good, in honnor share. III The Ancient Heathen, on their Foes would Runne, Their Naked Brests, would offer, to their swords Cause for Their Countrey, then should Christians shun, To Fight for Theirs, and what more joy afford2 For Their Religion, curst for aye be Hee, Beares Such a minde, and His Posterity.3 IV Whoo’d bee Dejected, though a while hee beare Adversitie, who would some three years past 1 Text ’lie. 2 Read affords. 3 Comma. 164 ■ THE ZEALOUS SOLDIER Have thought,4 that God, So high, our cause would rear And with such Numerous0 victories have grac’d His Righteous6 Cause,7 when wee then thought to be A Prey to the Mallicious Enemie. V Who in Their height of Glory, were brought low And made to Stoope to Those They did despise, And made that Power above them for to know Which erst They wretched wormes, in monstrous wise Blasphem’d, swearing God Damne them as They stood And sure on many was that wish made good.8 VI But here me thinks, I heare some say we bu}^ And purchase our Religion at deer rate ; Thou impious fool, had we lain still perdie, Thou hadst not been alive the truth to rate, For thou and we I think had sure been slain, Had we sate still, as now we wars maintain. VII Forbear to utter your Malignant spleene, And marke the end how God his cause will crown With glory, how oft have you lately seen Our Armies have the Foemen overthrown: 4 Text though. 5 Text Nemerous. 6 Text RIghteuos. 7 Period. 8 No punctuation. l6y CAVALIER AND PURITAN Towns each day are surrendred, and we take Prisoners enough, an Armie strong to make. VIII God hath no doubt a purpose to bring on A work both for his glory and our good, You’l say it hath been the confusion And cause of shedding many thousands bloud : ’Twas for our sins that God this war did bring, But know we may have cause rejoy ce and sing. IX Some few years since when we behold and see The fruits of our hard labours and behold, This Kingdom flourish in tranquility, And Gods true worship as it ought extold: Then shall we say9 o praised be the Lord, That we attained peace have by the sword. X Sing to the Lord a Psalme of thanks and praise, And to his holy Temple let us bring An heart unspotted, let’s an eccoe raise With our loud voyces may to Nations ring, Far distant from us, chaunting loudly thus, Prais'd be the Lord that hath assisted us. 9 Text says. l66 The mercenary soldier 669. f. 10 (49), roman and italic type, two columns, one woodcut. Thomason’s date is April 16, 1646. This sheet, a sequel to the foregoing, sticks closely to its subject. It was written evidently by a friend of the Parliament who hoped to shame his soldier-readers into a cleaner and nobler attitude towards life and war. The diction is purely literary, altogether unlike that of the average ballad. A reprint of the broadside will be found in John Ashton’s Humour , Wit , and Satire of the Seventeenth Century , p. 293. The pay of a soldier, never high, hardly seems a matter of such im¬ portance as the two broadsides make it appear. According to Professor Sir Charles Firth’s CromwelPs Army , 1912, p. 185, during the years 1645—1649 foot-soldiers got 8 d. a day, dragoons lr. 6 d., and troopers in regiments of horse 2s. (This information is given also in The Souldiers Accomft . Or, Tables Shewing the Personall Allowance of Pay to all Officers and Souldiers , 1647, where, by the way, the pay of a Lord General is said to be £10 a day, of a Captain 15r., of a Lieu¬ tenant 4 s.y and of an Ensign 3s.) Some years later, however, the official news-book, T he Moderate Intelligencer (June 27— July 4, 1653, p. 66) remarked: Hey boyes, its poecunie that makes the souldiers merry. The remark is no doubt still applicable. .67 CAVALIER AND PURITAN i ♦ No money yet, why then let’s pawn our swords, And drinke an health to their confusion, Who doe instead of money send us words4? Let’s not be subject to the vain delusion Of those would have us fight without our pay, While money chinks my Captain I’le1 obey. II I’le1 not be slave to any servile Groom, Let’s to the Sutlers and there drink and sing, My Captain for a while shall have my room, Come hither Tom , of Ale two douzen bring, Plac’d Ranke and File, Tobacco bring us store, And as the pots doe empty, fill us more. III Let the Drum cease, and never murmure more, Untill it beat, warning us to repair, Each man for to receive of Cash good store, Let not the Trumpet shril, ere rend the ayre, Untill it cite us to the place where we May heaps of silver for our payment see. IV I came not forth to doe my Countrey good, I came to rob, and take my fill of pleasure, Let fools repell their foes with angry mood, Let those doe service while I share the treasure: 1 Text ’lie. l68 i THE MERCENARY SOLDIER I doe not mean my body ere shall swing Between a pare of crutches, tottering.2 V Let thousands fall, it ne’er3 shall trouble me, Those puling fools deserve no better fate, They mirths Apposers were, and still would be, Did they survive, let me participate, Of pleasures, gifts, while here I live, and I Care not , although I mourne eternally. VI I laugh to think how many times I have Whiles others fighting were against the foe, Within some Thicket croucht my self to save, Yet taken for a valiant Souldier tho, When I amongst them come, for I with words Can terrifie, as others can with swords. *Canes qui multum la- trant raro mordent. VII Damne me you Rogue, if thou provoke my wrath, *I’le4 carve thee up, and spit thee, joynt by joynt, There’s none that tasted of my fury hath, But fear and tremble least I should appoint A second penance for them, when my brow Is bent, marke how the rascalls to me bow. VIII Thus menacing I’m taken for to be A man indeed, when I should fear to fight With coward T her sites, and if that he Were my Antagonist, but I delight 2 Comma. 3 Text nee’r. 4 Text ’lie. 169 *All manner of Victuals. *Wine. CAVALIER AND PURITAN To fight, and to pash dame * Ceres treasure, To quaffe *Lyens bloud I take great pleasure. IX Proceed yee brethren, doe each other hate, And fight it to the last, I wish the Wars * An ignomini - ous name given May ever untill doomsday pr operate, the Danes, by And time ne’er5 see a period of the jars: Englis|1 muen/!or For I before like to a slave did live, and las ie living. Now like unto a *Lurdain doe I thrive. X Fill us more Ale, me thinks thy lazie gate Is slower then the Tortoise, make more speed, And tha’st6 a Female of an easie rate Let’s see her, for my flesh doth tumults breed : Run on , thou9 It 7 wish when that day comes thou must Give an account , that thou hadst been more just . 6 T ext nee’r. * I.e.y If thou hast. 7 Text thoul’t. 1 8 The anabaptists out of order Manchester, II, 28, B. L., four columns, three woodcuts. The first two stanzas — that is, the first column — are almost completely torn off. Only a few words of the opening stanza remain: it began something like “[You gallants all a w]hile give eare.” The second stanza, as printed below, is irregular, having thirteen instead of the customary twelve lines. The ballad is a bit unusual in having no colophon. Directed as it was at a despised sect, the sheet should have met with no difficulty at the hands of the licensers. In 1645—1646, Samuel Oates (1610—1683), father1 of the noto¬ rious perjurer Titus, created a stir in East Anglia as a “dipper,” or anabaptist. The “danger in his dipping” is gleefully related by the ballad-writer ; but Oates surmounted this danger, and in 1649 was chaplain in Colonel Pride’s regiment. From this position, he was expelled by General Monk in 1654 for stirring up sedition. After¬ wards he was rector of All Saints’ Church, Hastings. Oates is vehemently denounced in the three parts of Thoma3 Edwards’s Gangraena (1646), a book directed at the “Errors, Heresies, Blasphemies, and dangerous Proceedings of the Sectaries of this time.” He and one Lam (or Lamb), who had an anabaptist church in Bell- Alley, Coleman Street, London, were viciously attacked by Edwards for presuming to travel “up and down the Countreys to preach their corrupt Doctrines, and to Dip” (Part I, p. 35). “After one of his private Exercises amongst the weaker vessels,” says Edwards (Part II, p. 17), “one Wades wife of Stisted in Essex , seemed to be so affected with him, that she said she would never hear Minister again: and it may be God intends to make her as good as her word; for upon this she was taken mad, and remaines in a sad distracted condition.” 1 It may be worth noting- that Sir Roger L’Estrange’s Observator (No. 365, June 28, 1683) denies this relationship and asserts “that Titus’es Father was Prebend of Pauls” not ((Samuell Oates , that Lodg’d at the Pye-W omans in King-street- Bloomsbury , the Dipping-Weaver.” 1 7 1 CAVALIER AND PURITAN In The Second Part of Gangraena (pp. 121 — 122) appears the fol¬ lowing passage on the incidents mentioned in the ballad: There is one Samuel Oats a Weaver2 . . . who being- of Lams Church, was sent out as a Dipper and Emissary into the Countreyes: Last summer I heard he went his progresse into Surrey and Sussex, but now this yeare he is sent out into Essex three or foure months ago, and for many weeks together went up and downe from place to place, and Towne to Towne, about Bochen , Braintry, Tarling, and those parts, preaching his erroneous Doctrines, and dipping many in rivers 5 this is a young lusty fellow, and hath traded chiefly with young women . and young maids, dipping many of them, though all is fish that comes to his net, and this he did with all boldnesse and without all controul for a matter of two moneths: A godly Minister of Essex coming out of those parts related, hee hath baptized a great number of women, and that they were call’d out of their beds to go a dipping in rivers, dipping manie of them in the night, so that their Husbands and Masters could not keep them in their houses, and ’tis commonly reported that this Oats had for his pains ten shillings apeece for dipping the richer, and two shil¬ lings six pence for the poorer} he came verie bare and meane into Essex, but before hee had done his work, was well lined, and growne pursie. In the cold weather in March , hee dipped a young woman, one Ann Martin (as her name is given in to me) whom he held so long in the water, that she fell presently sicke, and her belly sweld with the abundance of water she took in, and within a fort¬ night or three weeks died, and upon her death-bed expressed her dipping to be the cause of her death. There was another woman also whom he baptized, . . . whom after he had baptized, he bid her gape, and she gaped, and he did blow three times into her mouth, saying words to this purpose, either receive the holy Ghost, or now thou hast received the holy Ghost. At last for his dipping one who died so presently after it, and other misdemeanors the man was questioned in the Countrey, and bound over to the Sessions at Chens f ord [==: Chelmsford ], where A-prill the seventh, 1646. this Oats appeared. . . . Oats being brought before the Bench, the Coroner laid to his charge, that in March last, in a verie cold season, hee dipping a young woman, shee presently fell sick and died within a short time, and though the Coroner had not yet perfected his sitting upon her death, all witnesses being not yet examined, nor the Jurie having brought in their verdict (so that the full evidence was not presented) yet the Bench, upon being acquainted with the case, and other foule matters also being there by witnesses laid against him, committed him to the Jaile at Colchester: It was laid to his charge then, that hee had preached against the Assessments of Parliament, and the taxes laid upon the people, teaching them, that the Saints were a free people, and should do what they did voluntarily, and not be compelled. . . . Since Oats commitment to Colchester Jaile, there hath been great and mightie resort to him in the prison, many have come downe from London in Coaches to visit him. 2 He is called “Oates a Button-maker” in Tub-preachers overturn’d, 1647 (E. 384 (7)). THE ANABAPTISTS OUT OF ORDER The ballad was written before Oates was tried and acquitted. Ed¬ wards (Part III, pp. 105—106) says that after he had been found not guilty of the death of Ann Martin he “was bound by the Judge to his good behaviour, and made to find Sureties that hee should neither preach nor dip; and yet notwithstanding the very next Lords day hee preached in Chensford, and goes on still in Essex preaching his errors. The people of W ether sf eld hearing that Oats and some of his com¬ panions were come to their Town, seased on them (onely Oats was not in the company) and pumped them soundly. And Oats coming lately to Dunmozo in Essex , some of the Town hearing of it where hee was, fetched him out of the house, and threw’ him into the river, throughly dipping him.” The following note, too, from Wood MS. D. 7 (2), fol. 79 (cf. Andrew Clark, The Life and Times of Anthony Wood, II, 417), in spite of its inaccuracies deserves reprinting: Old Oats was originally a silke weaver in the citty of Norwich where for many years he followed his trade, and marryed, and amongst other his children had Tytus Oats the informer, and was ever there justly esteemed as a moste turbulent and factious ffellow. And then in the tyme of Oliver’s usurpacion removing his residence to Yarmouth, he became an annabaptist preacher and proceeded therein with great applause of the factious rabble, till haveing perswaded a woman great with childe and neare her time of delivery to be dipt or rebaptised, who instantly dyed in the water under his hands as he was performing his wickedly pretended function, it being in a cold season of the yeare; for which his villainous cryme he was there (being within the jurisdiccion of the Sinque-Ports) tryed for his life, but the jury, consisting (as it was believed) of the pickt rascalls of his owne gang, found him not guilty. And now finding himselfe somwhat ympayred in his reputacion amongst his brethren, he quitted Yarmouth and betooke himselfe to the fleete at sea till, about his majestie’s restoracion, by his cunning suttle tricks and beheavor he became incumbent of a church in Hastings by the sea side in Sussex. . . . The name of Samuel Oates does not occur in any of the county or city records of Norfolk or Essex that I have been able to consult, but a thorough search of the hundred or more pamphlets in the Thomason Collection that deal with the Baptists would probably bring more facts about Oates (and certainly more abuse of him) to light. Some inci¬ dental account of Oates is given in Louise F. Brown’s The Political Activities of the Baptists During the Interregnum (1912). Three pamphlets expressly written against him were John Stalham’s Vindiciae Redemptionis , in the fanning and sifting of Sa?nuel Oates his Expo - 173 CAVALIER AND PURITAN sition upon Mat. 13, 44. Endeavoured, in severalL Sermons (1647), John Drew’s A Serious Address to Sam. Oates for a Resolve Touching Some Queries about his N ezv Baptism (1649), and John Spittlehouse’s A Confutation of the Assertions of Mr. Samuel Oates , in relation to his not practising the laying on of hands on all baptized Believers (165 3). Oates himself is a picturesque and important figure, and this paean of rejoicing on his trouble with the law is a document of great interest and real value. On the tune see Chappell’s Popular Music , I, 306. THE ANABAPTISTS OUT OF ORDER tP)e Anabaptists out of orber, OIK [®]be3 delation of Samuel Oates, toljo latelp Js>ebuceb btbers people in tfje Countp of Csscx, tot) ere fje tebap- tij’b fljirtp-nine anb brobmeb tfje fortietfj for tofjictj offence fje nob) lies tmprisoneb at Colcfjester, tell bis trpall. To the Tune of, Goe home in the Morning Early, 1 From London City lately went, A brother of your Sect; To Essex with a full intent, To visit the Elect; Where nine and thirty or above, He to himself converted : Of which he onely seem’d to love, the meeke and tender hearted. To court and kis they will not mis , Each other to he cliping ; Yet Seperatists beware by this , There's danger in your diping .4 2 The Female Sex he hath misled, And much abused their carriage; By oft dishonouring the Bed, Due onely unto marriage; With maids and wives, Sometimes he strives, And many hath infected ; So that they mean to lead their lives,5 As he hath them directed. 3 Torn. 4 Comma. 5 Period. i75 CAVALIER AND PURITAN To court and kis they will not mis. Each other to he cliping. Yet Separatists take heed of this. There's danger in your diping. Wyt geconb part, Ko tfje game tune. 3 He much commending of the streame, Of Iordan’s new found River,6 As if the dipping in the same, Would make them live for ever: Where naked they must stand and pray,6 Ith middle of the water; Whil’st he some certain words doth say, According to the matter. Shall Maidens then before yong men, ( Their Garments of be striping ; No) Separatists take heed of this There' s danger in their diping . 4 Both Besse and Nan with this yong man, Desire to be acquainted; Which to the River after ran, Thinking they should be Sainted ; For why quoth they if that he pray, According to the spirit; Our faults shall all be washt away, He is so full of merit. To court and kis they will not mis. Each other to be cliping, &c. 0 Period. I76 THE ANABAPTISTS OUT OF ORDER 5 Thus thirty-nine being over past, As he had them deluded ; The fortieth coming at the last, With whom he then concluded; His Argument he made so strong, Where on her hope she grounded At last he held her in so long, That she poore heart was drowned. The question is if she would kis , Or with him then be cliping ; Then Seperatists be warn' d by this , There' s danger in your diping . 6 This youth was taken at the last, And carried to Colchester; Where now he lies in prison fast, For drowning that sweet Sister; The place where he is next to preach, They thinke will be the Gallous; His recantation there to teach, All other factious fellowes. They court and kis and will not mis , Each other to be cliping , &c. 7 Samuel Oates , he’s call’d by name, Which hates both Church and Steeple; And therefore into Essex came, For to deceive the people; Let foe or friend his Iudgment spend,' In what he hath deserved, 7 Period. 177 CAVALIER AND PURITAN For if the halter proves his end; He is but justly served. You court and kis and will not mis , Each other to he cliping , &c. 8 And thus my story to conclude, Take warning by this ditty; How you poore people now delude, In Country Town or City; For I hope an order will be tane, That such shall all be punisht ; Or if they will not you refraine, From England quite be banisht. Whose custome is to court and kis , Before their deep expounding ; Then Separatists he warn'd hy this , Since diping turnes to drowning . 178 x9 Alas, poor tradesmen Manchester, I, 38, B. L., four columns, three cuts, margins slightly torn. This ballad, dating about 1646, expresses the feeling of many people that the wars between Parliament and King were responsible for all the evils of the time, that the success of the King was impossible, but that nothing could restore peace and prosperity except the actual return of Charles I to the throne. As the Parliament itself was at this time careful to do nothing that would reflect on the title of the King — blaming his advisers rather than him — there was nothing disloyal in the ballad, and Grove could hardly have had trouble in securing a license for it. In February, 1644, one I. B. wrote The Merchants Remon¬ strance (E. 32 (16)), dealing with the decline of trade. Two years later — on January 22, 1648 — appeared a broadside called “The mourn- full Cryes of many thousand Poore Tradesmen, who are ready to famish through decay of Trade” (669. f. 11 (1 16)) ; and on February 14, the House of Commons held an investigation of the author and printer of this broadside (E. 427 (6)). In his Mixt Contemplations in Better Times (1660, p. 24), however, Thomas Fuller lightly swept aside complaints like these. “I have known the City of London almost forty years,” he commented shrewdly; “their shops did ever sing the same tune, that trading was dead. Even in the reign of King James (when they wanted nothing but thankfulness) this was their complaint.” The tune comes from a ballad registered as “Ha ha my ffancy &c” on December 30, 1639 (Arber’s Transcript , IV, 494), and perhaps preserved rather accurately in the Percy Folio MS. (ed. Hales and Furnivall, II, 30). The printed copy, called “Bedlam Schoolman,” was sung “To Its Own Proper Tune, Holozv my Fancie , whither zuilt thou go?” ( Roxburghe Ballads , VI, 450 ff. ; VIII, 769). It was imitated by the ballad of “Alas, Poor Scholar” which is discussed on p. 19, above. 179 CAVALIER AND PURITAN &las poore flrabc5i=men tofiat shall toe bo? OR, LONDON S Complaint through babncSSc of Crabittg, Jfor toorfe being Scant, tfjcir substance is fabeing. To the Tune of, Hallow my Fancy whether wilt thou goe? 1 Amidst of melancholly trading, out of my store, I found my substance fading all my houshold viewing, which to ruine Falls daily more and more: Forth then I went And walkt about the City, Where I beheld What mov’d my heart with pity: And being home returned I thought upon this ditty, Alas poor Trades-men What shall we doe. 2 Shops, Shops, Shops, I discry now with Windows ready shut, They’l neither sell nor buy now, Whilst our Lords and Gentry, are ith Countrey, the more is our griefe god wott: Woe to the causers Of this seperation Which bred the civill Wars in this Nation. It is the greatest cause Of Londons long vacation, 180 ALAS, POOR TRADESMEN Alas poore Trades-men , What shall we doe. 3 Forts in the fields new erected where multitudes do run. To see the same effected: All their judgement spending, and commending the same to be well done : But yet I feare, Our digging and our ramming, Scarse can defend The poorest sort from famine, For all the rich may have As much as they can cramme in, Alas poore trades-men What shall we doe. 4 One may perhaps have large whihst thousand more complaines Oppressed with their charge : All this care and toyling, with formoyling, affords but little gains: In hopes of peace Our selves have deluded, That on our store So far we have intruded, Except a happy peace Amongst us be concluded, Alas poore trades-men What shall we doe. 181 CAVALIER AND PURITAN )t geconb $art, tEo tfje game tEune. 5 Corn God be thank’ t is not scant yet, and yet for ought we know The poorer sort may want it. In the midst of plenty, more than twenty have found it to be so: For if they have not Money for to buy it, The richer sort they Have hearts for to deny it, If that you’l1 not beleeve me, YouT finde it when you try it, Alas poore trades-men What , &c. 6 Whilst we were wel imploied, and need not for to play, We plenty then enjoyed: Every weeke a Noble clear without trouble, is better than eight pence a day : Yet on the Sabbath day We used to rest us, And went to th’2 Church To pray, and God hath blest us. But since the civill wars Begun3 for to molest us, Alas poore trades-men What , &c. 1 The apostrophe has dropped out of the text. l82 3 T ext ’th. 3 Text begnn. ALAS, POOR TRADESMEN 7 All things so out of order, the Father kills the Son, Yet this they count no murder Wars are necessary oh no, but tarry, I wish they’d not bin begun, For where a Kingdom Is of it selfe divided, And people knows not By whom they should be guided It is too great a matter By me to be decided. A las poore trades-men What , &c. 8 Now to conclude my ditty, the Lord send England peace And plenty in this City : Grant the land may flourish, long for to nourish us with her blest increase. Our Gracious King, The Lord preserve and blesse Him With safe return To them that long do misse him, And send him to remain With them that well do wish him, Alas poor trades-men What shall zve doe. LONDON, Printed for Francis Grove. 183 20 Lex talionis 669. f. 1 1 (74), italic type, with an occasional word in roman letter, two columns, no woodcuts. Thomason’s date is September 3, 1647. In accordance with his title, the author points out that the law of retaliation — an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth — will bring the Parliament to its downfall; for just as Charles I gave power to a Par¬ liament that has basely betrayed him, so that body has found in servants, like Sir Thomas Fairfax, to whom it has granted power and favor, opponents determined to undo it. Lex Talionis : or, God faying every man in his own Coyn (E. 294 (13)) was, it is interesting to note, the subject of a sermon preached before the House of Commons by Francis Woodcock in July, 1645. The tune, named from the first line of the ballad of “Bacchus against Cupid,” is printed along with the words in D’Urfey’s Pills to Purge Melancholy , 1719, IV, 79. 184 LEX TALIONIS tl€x #aa, aarraw© To the Tune of, Prethy friend leave off this thinking. 1 The Cavaliers are vanquish'd quite, The King took from that wicked train, That would deprive him of his rights,1 And bring in Popery again: The Army and the Parliament, Must now dispute what Government 2 Shall be establish’d in this Nation, Protestants are out of date, Where is that glorious Reformation We contested for of late*? Not having forme nor order now, We would serve God if we knew how. 3 The Papist and the Protestant The Round-head and the Cavalier Can neither act nor yet prevent Those dangers which doe now appeare: The Presbyter and Independent, Now are Plaintiffe and Defendant. 4 The Parliament gave a Commission, To their Troops to ketch their King, Not limiting on what condition, So they alive or dead did bring: But now they have him none do know How they his person shall bestow. 3 Read right. 185 CAVALIER AND PURITAN 5 The Countrey can no longer beare, The City which this War fomented, Must with their neighbours sufferings have, And at their losses be contented : The Apprentices next Tuesday may Conclude a peace to crown their day. 6 The Londoners will fetch their King, The Parliament proclaim’d it so, Sir Thomas would him fain home bring, From whence do these distractions grow"? How come the holy Brethren Thus erre, alas they are but men? 7 This Citie who advanced High, A Parliament above their God, Like dust into their faces fly, And for themselves have made a Rod They covenanted to mayntain What priviledge they now disdain. 8 The King who once did rule Supream, Gave power to a Parliament To settle things, but they have clean Depriv’d him of his government: He put a Sword into their hands For which his life in danger stands. 9 Such power the States gave to Sir Thomas , Still presuming he would be Their servant, and perform his promise To serve his Majestie: 186 LEX TALIONIS But he requites them in each thing, As they before have serv’d the King. 10 And thus you see the Heavens were just Who renders every one his due, He that deceives his Masters trust, Shall never finde a servant true: Let each one learn from hence to doe, Even as you would be done unto. 187 2 I A harmony of healths Manchester, II, 38, B. L., four columns, two woodcuts. Here a devoted Royalist expresses the joy he, with many others, felt when, in 1647, it seemed likely that Charles I and the Parliament would reach an amicable agreement. The title of the ballad gives a toast not only to the King but to all other members of the royal family, naming Queen Henrietta Maria, Princess Mary (afterwards Princess of Orange), Prince Charles, Henry, Duke of Gloucester, and James, Duke of York (afterwards James II). The refrain omits “the rest o’ th’ Posterity,” the young Princesses Elizabeth and Henrietta; but the omission was probably due only to the exigencies of metre, not to a lack of enthusiasm for royalty. The Queen (cf. stanza 3) landed in France for the second (and last) time after the outbreak of the Civil War on July 16, 1644. She wrote continually to the “Prince of the Mountaines,” Charles, urging him to join her there, but he deferred doing so until June 26, 1646 (Gardiner, History of the Great Civil War, III, 67, 1 10, 164). On November 16, 1647, Charles I sent a conciliatory message to the Houses of Parliament, asking to be admitted to a personal treaty in London. A few days later, the Lords drew up Four Propositions and sent them to the Commons, recommending that when these Proposi¬ tions had passed both Houses as bills they be sent to the King, whose acceptance or rejection of them should determine whether or not he should be given liberty to come to London to treat with the Parliament in person. On November 27, the Commons accepted the suggestion of the Lords. The ballad was written between this date and December 14, when the Four Propositions became the Four Bills. A complete misunderstanding of the political situation and of the real impotence of the King is exhibited by the balladist, who in the last stanza exults at the thought that the King’s return will involve a full restoration of the royal power, with axes and halters to behead or hang the leaders of the rebellion. Far different, however, was the sequel. The Four 188 A HARMONY OF HEALTHS Bills were presented to Charles at Carisbrooke Castle on December 24, and four days later he rejected them (Gardiner, of. cit IV, 24, 32-41). The tune is not known to me. a Jfjatrmanp of $)caitf)S, ®o tfje HingS fjappy ATniott, Sittf) tfje parliaments Communion, ®o tf>e Princes comming fjeitfjer, ®o tfje ttno ©ufees together, ®o tf)’ ttoo Maryes prosperity, anti tf je rest o’ tf)’ Posterity. The Tune is, Give the Word about , &c. i Come honest Neighbours all, sith we are met here, 189 CAVALIER AND PURITAN For the best Wine let’s call, that we can get here: Let’s in a merry vaine all cares abandon, King Charles will come againe, shortly to London. Here's1 to our Royall King , in Spanish Fountaines ,2 And to the blest off- spring, Prince of the Mountaines : 1 neither dread rebukes , nor aduersaries , Here' s a Health to both the Dukes , and the two Maries. 2 They who are Subjects true, faithfull and loyall, Will yeild obedience due, t’our Soveraigne Loyall :3 The King of Heaven did o’ re us instate him, I would the Land were rid of all that hate him. Here' s to our Royall King , &c. 3 With sad and heavy cheare, we all have smarted, Since Charles our Soveraigne deare, from us departed: Text Her’s? (Blurred.) Text Fouutaines. 3 Read Royall. 190 A HARMONY OF HEALTHS And since his Consort mild, sayl’d to her Brother, And Charles their princely Child, went to his Mother. Heres a health' 1 to our royall king <3V.5 4 I wish with all my Soule, that the first Movers, Of this Distraction foule, those mischiefe Lovers : May have their due deserts, pray all good Fellowes, That they in severall Carts, may ride to th,c Gallowes. Here' s a Health to our royall King , in Spanish Fount nines. And to the blest offspring , Prince of the Mountaines : I neither dread rebukes , nor aduersaries , Here' s a Health to both our Dukes , and the two Maries. Wi fje geeonts part, @To tfjc game tune. 5 When royall Charles doth come, to’s old abiding, To make him welcome home running and riding: Will thought too little be, hees so desired, 4 Text apparently health. 6 No period. 6 Text to’ th\ 191 CAVALIER AND PURITAN His comely face to see, our hearts are fired. Here s a Health to our Roy all King, in Spanish Fountaines And to the blest of -spring , Prince of Mountaines: 1 neither dread rebukes , nor aduersaries , Here's a Health to both our Dukes , and the two Maries.8 6 Sure Heaven ow’d a Scourge, unto this Nation, And her foule sinnes to purge, rais’d this occasion : Many an Innocent, in to9 th’ Grave thrust is, Yet King and Parliament, both pretend10 Iustice. Here s a health to our royall king &c. 7 Let’s leave our luxerie, pride, wrath, and malice, And we shall shortly see, in White-Hall-Paliace, Our gracious King and Queene, with the Royall Issue, And the Court as it hath beene, in Silkes and Tisue. Here' s a Health to our Royall King , in Spanish Fountains , 7 Read of the. 8 Text Manies. 9 Text to’. 10 Text protend. 192 A HARMONY OF HEALTHS And to the blest offspring , Prince of the Mountaines : I ?ieither dread rebukes , nor aduersaries , Here s a Health to both our Dukes, and the two Maries. 8 If Heaven a Iudgement had, long layd up for us, And after sorrowes sad, will now restore us : Unto our joyes againe, sending our King home, Let us him entertaine, and bravely bring home. Here's a Health to our royall king, ©[c.]11 9 His gracious Majesty, (though he had forces,) Would not come heither bv * indirect courses :12 Heel to the Parliament, keepe just Conditions,1" And in time yeeld consent, to th’ Propositions. Here' s a Health to our royall king [<3V. ]14 10 If the King comes to towne, (as it is likly, ) With honour and renowne, you shall see quickly: 11 Text & (torn). 12 Text couses. 13 Text Conditious. 14 Margin torn. 193 CAVALIER AND PURITAN Ropemakers, Carpenters, Hangmen, and Iaylors, More us’d then Shoo-makers, Weavers or Taylors. Here s a Health unto our Royall Ki[ng,\ in Spanish F ountaines ,16 And to the blest offspring, Prince of the Mountaines: 1 neither dread rebukes, nor aduersaries, Here's a Health to both our Duk\es\° and the two Maries. j rmm. Printed by John Hamm [ond.] 15 35 Margin torn. 3f’ Text Fountaies. i94 22 Strange and wonderful predictions Manchester, II, 40, B. L., four columns, three woodcuts. This ballad is an outspoken production printed by the “learned Presbyterian printer, Mr. Hammond” (cf. p. 45), and allowed by the official licenser of printing, Gilbert Mabbott. It seems doubtful that the Commons could have approved of the comments attributed to Saltmarsh on the army and Fairfax, of the burst of joy with which the dissolution of the army is welcomed, and of the ardent wish expressed for the restoration to power of Charles I. Saltmarsh wrote many pamphlets (several of them directed at Thomas Edwards, the author of Gangraena , and at Thomas Fuller), and the authorship of others was foisted on him (cf. the Cambridge History of English Literature , VII, 400). The ballad is a summary of W onderfull Predictions declared in a Message , as from the Lord , to Sir Thomas Fairfax and the Councell of His Army. By John Saltmarsh. His sever all speeches and the man¬ ner of his Death , a pamphlet licensed by Mabbott and printed by Robert Ibbitson on December 29, 1647 (E. 421(16)). These “Pre¬ dictions” were included in a volume of twenty-two prophecies printed in 1648, but the title-page of the Harvard copy (Gay 648. 897.5), the only one I have seen, is badly mutilated. Further information about Saltmarsh’s opinions and his predictions is given in England’s Friend Raised from the Grave , giving seasonable advice to the Lord General , Lieutenant General , and the Council of War, three letters edited in 1649 by Mary Saltmarsh, John’s widow. For the tune cf. No. 48. In a ballad printed in my Pefysian Garland, p. 432, it is called Bragandary dozune, &c., not Bragandary round. 195 CAVALIER AND PURITAN Strange anfo toottberfull iprobictions :x SJeclateb in a iWkssage, (as from tfje 1L03&M) to i)tO Cxtellencp H>ir Thomas Fairfax, mb tfjcCoun= tell of IjtS Urrnp. jBp John Saltmarsh Preacljet' of tfjc <£>ospell, tottl) fjis set) era 1 1 Speeches, anti tfje manner of jjis beatf). To the Tune of, Bragandary round . 1 The Wonders of the Lord are past all Peoples finding out, Which you shall understand at last, to put you out of doubt : Master Saltmarsh did Prophesie, Told iust the time himselfe should die. Oh wonder wonderfull wonder, The like hath not bin knowne. 2 He Prophesies the Armies fall, except they do repent, He said that they should perish all, Gods wrath on them is bent, One Souldier shall destroy another, The brother shall rise against the brother, Oh wonder wonderfull wonder, The like hath not bin knowne. 3 This Saltmarsh 2 was a Minister, a man of blamlesse Life, That preached to the Army oft, and sought to end all strife, 1 Sic. 2 Text Salmarsh. 196 STRANGE AND WONDERFUL PREDICTIONS In midst of warre he preached peace, And daily pray’d our woes might cease. Lord open the Armies hearts, For to consider this. 4 Like one was risen from the dead, he to the Army went, His eyes were sunck within his head, as though his life were spent, He told them he from God was sent, To move the Army to repent, Lord open the Armies hearts, For to consider this. 5 He said he in a Trance had bin, and saw a Vision strange, That he was sent from God above, that he their minds might change, For leaving their first principall, God would send wrath upon them all. Lord open the Armies hearts, For to consider this.3 6 He told Sir Thomas to his Face, things were not right among them That those that were the Saints of grace, they daily sought to wrong them, Keeping them in Prison still, Quite against the Almighties will, Lord open the Armies hearts, For to consider this. 3 Text t [ ] Is. 197 CAVALIER AND PURITAN 7 Those4 that did stick unto them most, they most of all do slight, Though for a while they heare are crost, the LORD will them requite. These words he to the Generali said, Which made him and the rest dismai’d, Lord open the Armies hearts, For to consider this. 8 He told Sir Thomas thus much too, hee’d honour him no more, But he and his should suffer woe, as he had said before : 'Cause he had lost his former Love, And so unconstant now doth prove, Lord open the Armies hearts, For to consider this. 9 They asked him if he thought best, the Army should disband, He bid them set their hearts at rest, God had more worke in hand. Some of the Army should remaine, Would do for conscience more then gaine, Lord open all their hearts, For to consider this. lo He wished some he well did love, to leave the Army then, And from the quarters soone remove from all such factious men, 4 The third column (really “The Second Part”) begins here. 198 STRANGE AND WONDERFUL PREDICTIONS Least of their Plagues they do partake, His mind to them he thus did breake, Lord open all our hearts, For to consider this. 1 1 He said the day of Doome was neare, and God his Saints would call, Christ in the Clouds will soone appeare, (quoth he) to judge you all: Let no men then my words condem, Lest suddaine vengence light on them, Lord open all our hearts, For to consider this.5 12 When he his charge delivered had, he went home to his Wife, And seemed to be very glad, that he must end his life : He had instructed every Friend, Soone after that his life did end. Oh wonder, wonder of wonders, The like hath not bin known.5 13 Now God so much our friend hath stood that our Parliament,6 Disbands the Army for our good, to give the Land content, This present Moneth the fifteenth day With promise they shall have their pay, God give us thankfull hearts, Who still doth stand our friend. 0 Comma. 6 Period. 199 CAVALIER AND PURITAN 14 After this time no longer they, free-quarter are to have, 'Twill be indeed a happy day, what more now can we crave, But that our King with full consent, Returne unto his Parliament. Lord open all their hearts, For to consider this. Printed at London by lohn Hammond. Imprimatur Gilbert Mabbott. 200 23 Come buy a mouse-trap Manchester, I, 52, B. L., four columns, three woodcuts. One of the woodcuts shows Peters, the lustful postman, with his hand caught under the door in a springtrap so large that it might better have been intended for foxes than for rats. The trap is well inside the bedroom: the husband and wife, lying in bed, look at the trapped hand, and the wife says, “The Rat is catch’t.” On the other side of the door Peters is crying out, “Oh, my finngers.” The date of the ballad cannot be exactly determined, but may be assumed to be about 1647, for John Hammond came into prominence as a ballad-printer (cf. Nos. 21, 22, 24) in that year. The author, Humphrey Crouch (cf. No. 12), too, was certainly writing ballads in 1647. The plot of his ballad had long been a favorite and, with some unimportant modifications, is used also for No. 35. Even most Puritans, one suspects, would not have objected to the coarseness of the story, but would have heartily applauded the “honesty” of the wife. For the tune see Chappell’s Popular Music , I, 123. 201 CAVALIER AND PURITAN Come hup a 4$!ous(E=®rap, <&t, a neto toap to catcf) an olti Sat: Petttg a true relation of one Peters! a Posit of Soterbam, tofjo tempting1 an fjonesft tooman to leubnegse, toast bp her anb fjer busibanb eatch’t2 in a jHousfe ®rap, bp tof)at meaner the follototng i§>torp siball relate. To the tune of, Packingtons Pound. 1 This Nation long time hath bin plagued with old Rats, And bin at great charges to keepe them good Cats, [And]3 one great black Rat now as it doth appeare, [Did]3 put a Faire Woman in bodily feare, But he being in hast, Was taken at last, [The]3 Woman was glad when the danger was past, But certaine you shall have no need of a Cat , Come buy a new Mouse-Trap to catch an old Rat. 2 Good morrow faire Mistrisse, good morrow (quoth she) I would we were better acquainted (quoth he) You may if you please Sir, the Woman reply’ d, For why, my poore Spirit is free from all pride: He gave her a Shilling, The woman seem’d willing. Then straight the old Rat, and the Mouse fell a billing, But certaine you shall have no need of a Cat , &c. 1 Text temping. 2 Text catch. 3 Torn. 202 COME BUY A MOUSE-TRAP 3 Then unto the Taverne they went with all speed, And there they were wonderous merry indeed : The old Rat was hungery, and aim’d at her fall, The Woman was honest and crafty withall, He call’d her his Honny, And proffer’d her Money, What should an old Mungrell doe with a young Conny ? But cert aine we shall have no need of a Cat , (Sc. 4 He praised her Foot and he praised her Hand, And faine he would have her now at his command, She told him her Husband was gone out of Town, And he should lye with her all Night for a Crown. A Crowne he did give her, Which well did relieve her, And so the old Doatard was forc’d to believe her. hut certaine you shall have no need of a Cat , &c. 5 lie lay the Key under the Doore Sir (quoth she) And then about mid-night you may come to me, Alas Mistrisse sweet Lips you doe me great wrong, For I am not able to tarry so long: My Neighbours (quoth she) Takes notice of me, When they are a sleep, then the businesse must be, hut certaine you shall have no need of a Cat , &c. 6 Then by much perswasion at length they did part, And she took her leave of her old new Sweet-heart, She went to her husband & straight did declare it, Who laughed most4 heartily when he did heare it, 4 Text m[]st. 203 CAVALIER AND PURITAN He highly commends her, And thus much befriends her, That he with assistance behold now attends her, But certaine we shall have no need of a Cat , &c. 7 Husband (quoth she) if by me you’l be ruled, By me this old Doatard again shall be fooled. When he at night comes for to make me his whore, He’l grope with his hand for the Key of the doore, A Mouse-Trap their set, O doe not forget, And there you may catch him, & teach him more wit, But certaine we shall have no need of a Cat , Come buy a new Mouse-Trap to catch an old Rat. 8 He did then according as she him advised, A better Project was never devised, Peters the Post then0 came posting with speed, And there he was catcht by the Fingers indeed, H is Fingers were toare, Which made him to roare, The old Rat was never so plagued before, But certaine we shall have no need of a Cat , Come buy a new Mouse-Trap to catch an old Rat. 9 He call’d to the Woman to shew him some pitty, And there he sung forth a most pittifull Ditty, The Man he made answer, & call’d him sweet-hony, Quoth he art thou come for to bring me more mony, Some money lie give thee, If thou wilt relieve mee, 5 Text then. 204. COME BUY A MOUSE-TRAP And for my offences now freely forgive mee, But certaine you shall have no need of a Cat , &c. 10 Five pounds he did give him, and fell on his knees, He askt him forgivenes, which when the man sees, He draws out his sword then & makes him believe, He’d cut off his head now, which made him to grieve, But I did heareG sav, This Rat run away, And did through feare his Breeches bewray, But certaine we shall have no need of a Cat , &c. 1 1 Peters the Post-man next day did lament, And all the sweet Sisters were much discontent, He might have had any of them at command, Without any trouble, the case so did stand : These sweet babes of Grace, Told him to his face, For hunting strange flesh, they would him displace, hut certaine we shall have no need of a Cat , &c. 12 All you married men now, rejoyce you and say Our wives are all honest, and teach us a way, If they so continue, to keep our heads cleare From homes, which a many do causelesly feare, And you that make Traps, ’Twill be your good haps To flourish, if women doe scape private claps, but certaine you shall have no need of a Cat , &c. 6 Text hearo. 205 CAVALIER AND PURITAN Now all you good women that lead honest lives, And wou’d be accounted to be honest wives, If you in the Street doe meet such a Knave, Tell him at home Sir a Mouse-Trap you have, 'Twill make them a shamed, When they heare it named, And you for your modesty ever be famed, But certaine we shall have no need ‘ of a Cat , Come buy a nezu Mouse-Trap to catch an old Rat. Hum'phery Crouch. LONDON, Printed by Iohn Hammond. 2o6 24 The good- fellow s complaint Manchester, II, 23, B. L., four columns, two woodcuts. The first three stanzas are badly mutilated, the gaps being filled in between square brackets more or less by guess. Stanzas 3 and 9 are irregular. The date is about 1647. On March 28, 1643, John Pym proposed to Parliament an excise on all commodities bought and sold, but as a result of strong opposi¬ tion was induced to change his proposal to a tax on superfluous com¬ modities. This motion was lost. On July 22, however, “the excise ordinance, which had long been under discussion, and which was in reality an ordinance for increased customs as well, was issued by the authority of both Houses” (Gardiner, History of the Great Civil War , I, 101, 179). All classes of people were affected alike, for the excise was levied “not only on food and drink, but on goods of almost every other description,” and in the years 1647-1649 brought in an average revenue of £330,000 (ibid., Ill, 194). Popular feeling ran high against the ordinance. All tradesmen opposed it. For example, in 1650 the soap-makers twice petitioned the government to remove the excise, which amounted to 4 s. 8 d. a barrel, on materials used in soap-making (E. 615 (2); 669. f. 15 (62)). In February, 1647, officers who attempted to collect the excise from a man who had bought an ox at Smithfield were cudgelled, their office was burned, their books torn, and £80 in money scattered or carried off, the Lord Mayor and the Sheriffs being called upon to restore order (Gardiner, of. cit., Ill, 216). On November 8, 1651, Cromwell issued a proclamation ordering all under his command “speedily to suppress all tumults attempted against the Commissioners of Excise” (669. f. 16 (33)). Many satires on the excise were written: for example, The good Women's Cryes against the Excise of all their commodities. Written by Mary Stiff, chair-zvoman , in vineger verse (1650, E. 589 (1)), and The Excise-mens Lamentation: or, An Imfeachment . . . against their 207 CAVALIER AND PURITAN insulting Publicans and cruel Offressors (1652, E. 683 (9)). See also The BrezvePs Plea: Or, A Vindication of Strong-Beer and Ale, 1647 ( Harleian Miscellany , 1811, VII, 329 ff.). The ballad-writer, how¬ ever, frankly admits that he shouldn’t care how great the taxes were on other commodities, even wine, if his beer and ale (for which the “enormous” price of twopence a quart is asked) were free from tax¬ ation. In connection with stanza 2 the following comment in Thomas Forde’s Faenestra in Pectore. Or, Familiar Letters (1660, p. 147) is apropos: Since I began with the Excise in England, I will waft you over into Holland, where it first began, and was invented} there you shall see how ill the Dutchmen at first relished this Tax upon their drink: It occasioned this Libel in Dutch, which you shall read in English: I wish long life may him befall, And not one good day therewithal ; And Hell- fire after this life here, Who first did raise this Tax on Beer . For the tune see Chappell’s Pofular Music, I, 265 f. 208 THE GOOD-FELLOW’S COMPLAINT Cfje goofc Jfellotoes Complaint: Mfjo being mucf) griebeb strong Ilitguor sljoulb rise1 3n paping a Jfartf)ing a $ot for CxciSe. To the Tune of, Raged and tome and true. 1 Come2 hither my jovall Blades, and listen unto my Song, [Yo]u that of severall Trades, have borne the burthen long : [S]o long as the Patentees, in England kept on foot, [S]ome Knaves got by there feese, the Devill and all to boote : [O] fie upon this Excise, [7 is pitty\ that ever ’twas paid , [It makes ] good Licgour to rise, [and pu\lls downe many a Trade, 2 [Like the pox] it first began, [from Fran\ce to crosse the Seas, [And many an] English man, [had th]en the same disease: [The war b]egot it at first, [its burthen] then to maintaine, [By] an old Duch woman nurst, [and rock] 7 in the Cradle of S paine, 3 [O fie upo]n this Excise, [that ever i]t first was paid, [It makes goo^d Licgour to rise, [and pull\s downe many a Trade. 1 Text omits rise. 2 Text []ome {torn). 3 Comma. 209 CAVALIER AND PURITAN 3 [’Tis a fit] Companion for Wane, [it fi] 11s a whole Kingdom with care, [Good Fell] owes where ever they are, [be]ar a great part for their share: [It] never should grieve me much, [t] hough more Excises were, The thing I onely grutch, is that of Ale and Beere : I never would vex nor pine, what ever you say or thinke, To dubble the price of Wine, for that I seldome drink. But fie , &c. 4 How ever it came to passe, that drinke is growne so deare, The Tradesman is the Asse, which must the burthen beare, What though the Brewer pay, mine Hoast payes him againe, Whilst that good Fellowes they, do all the losse sustaine : O fie upon this Excise , that ever it first was paid , It makes good Licqour to rise , and pulls 4 downe many a Trade. 5 The Blacksmith which doth get, his living through the fire, And being throughly het, to drinke heeT then desire, 4 Text pull. * Text heel’. 210 THE GOOD-FELLOW’S COMPLAINT He calls to another man, with him to spend his groat, For’t was not a peny Can, could squench the sparke in’s throat. Oh fie upon this Excise , ’tis pitty 6 that ever ’ twas paid , It makes good Licgour to rise , and pulls downe1 many a Trade. Cf )t geconb $art, Co tfje game Ctute. 6 The Shoomaker and the Glover, the Taylor and the Weaver, When they meet one another, they go to drinke together : But for the od Farthing losse, the Taylor deepely swore, Hee’d ne’re layes his Leggs a crosse, to worke for Ale-wives more.8 Oh fie upon this Excise , that ever it first was paid , It makes good Licgour to rise,9 and pulls downe many a Trade. 7 If any Good Fellow doth want, and calls for a pot on trust, Now Charity’s growne so scant, that out of the door he’s10 thrust : The Brewer he must be paid, the Hostis she will not score, Yet drinke is smaller made, 6 Text pltry. 7 Text dozvue. 8 Comma. 9 Period. 10 Text he. 211 CAVALIER AND PURITAN then’t was in times before.11 0 fie upon this Excise , 3 tis pitty that ever 3 twas paid , It makes good Licgour to rise , and pulls downe many a 12 Trade. 8 The Tinker which doth ring, his Kettle through the Towne, He merrily us’d to sing, the Tune of Malt’s come downe, But what is the meaning of this, which grieves13 me at the heart, To see how good Ale is, for two pence sold a Quart : O fie upon this Excise , 3 tis pitty that ever ’ twas paid , &c. 9 No marvell the female Sex, so much do scould and brawle, They’le never cease to vex, tell that good Licqour fall : I heard an Old Woman to say, who’d never a Tooth in her head, She’d14 liv’d this many a day, onely with Ale and Bread: With that she began to weepe, and sadly thus complaine, Her pention would never keepe her, till th’9 10 11 pay day comes againe: O fie upon the Excise , 3 tis pitty that ever ’ twas paid ,16 &c. 11 Comma. iaText omits. 13 Text whichgrieves. 14 Text See’d. 15 Text1 th. 18 Text piad. 212 THE GOOD-FELLOW’S COMPLAINT 10 Good Fellowes both great and small, then pray that warres may cease, That no Excise at all, may be in the time of peace: For now to conclude in the end, and cast up the reckoning eaven, Considering what they spend, they loose a full pot in seven : O fie upon this Excise , 3 tis pitty that ever ’ tw as paid , It makes good Licgour to rise , and pulls downe many a trade . Jfttush Printed at London by lohn Hammond , and are to be sold over-against Saint Andrews Church in Hoi borne. 213 25 England's monthly predictions for 1649 Manchester, II, 44, B. L., four columns, three woodcuts. The ballad is summarized from one section of William Lilly’s seventy-one-page pamphlet called An Astrologicall Prediction of the Occurrences in England , fart of the Yeers 1648, 1649 , 1650 , a copy of which George Thomason bought on September 4, 1648 (E. 462 (1); cf. Bulstrode Whitelock’s Memorials , 1732, p. 334). Presum¬ ably ballads summarizing his predictions for 1648 and 1650 also ap¬ peared, for there is in the Manchester Collection (I, 48) a very badly mutilated sheet which was apparently identical with the present ballad in title (except for the year, the date of which is torn off), tune, and printer. The astrologer Lilly (1602—1681) printed his first almanac, Merlinus Anglicus Junior, the English Merlin Revived, in April, 1644, and his first pamphlet of prophecies, The English Merlin Re¬ vived, or his Predictions upon the affairs of the English Common¬ wealth, in the same year. Many such pamphlets and an annual almanac from his pen appeared until the year of his death. Sir John Birkenhead’s Two Centuries of PauVs Churchyard, 1649 ( Harleian Miscellany, 1812, IX, 409), includes in its list of books: uMerlinus Anglicus. The Art of discovering all that never was, and all that never shall be, by W. Lilly', with an Index thereunto, by John Booker ” (a rival astrologer). Though professedly an adherent of the Parliament, Lilly neverthe¬ less aided Charles I to escape from Carisbrooke Castle in 1648 and, according to his own story, gave him still further aid. At the Res¬ toration, he was rigidly examined on his knowledge of the execu¬ tion of Charles I, but he escaped with a brief imprisonment and a small fine. Lilly’s predictions, as summarized in the ballad, were strikingly fulfilled in the execution of Charles I and the three gentlemen of No. 31. For the two tunes see Chappell’s Popular Music, I, 319 and 234. 214 Enghnds \lonthIy Predictions for this prefent yea and Accidents that will happen this year in the kingdomc who is the prime Aftrclogian of our Nation at England repenr,and call to God for Grace, Thy Bell doth Toll, Death darts thee in thy face, TothcTuneof Fairc’Angell of Eng] trafr Endinthftc Cartjcn of Europe toao cajro r mbo once bao Ijrr frecoom, but noU) fijee mtb?aV&> tooesanobcrfojrotos tbcp noto boc begin, ano l^eatrenteangrp tottb usfoj onr rtn deaf fochollerflanoartfmcntbfflwar p:cfage> &trangctfjtngs tfterc tball happen !?fa?c.raD age’ » yt all men take toarofng ano unto ^oBVjap , SCficn Uftcn nno bear tobattijc learn e& ootb fap» lanuary. ■fiotofao latuuiv bcgfnnetb fbc pear, „ _ Ccoara ftall bt tbnticn; great men flltB toffft frar, : fioto Scotland mlb KnelanJ thrp botl) Id 11 AfpfrC luio JLarlns Hccefbcrs be papto tbefr btre : 13ao tutfons of Officers note come to light, SolH Conntrp sm» cTitp feesrfirp did not right, Mien in atithojiCtc luftlp oto ocal, feiDcct peace toonlocnfucuntqtbf* Common focal ^ „ February. nno noto h-Im Orange things ft tot’ll them, xt p:onnfet!) b’roolhrB toftljfo'.roto nno tooe, t^oine bcaoro.fonfo banaco ano fomc to oeatb wot. ^no floblciiunolftonouro bcabnott fojgot: ^ p.oto fo:roto nbounoetb in cbcn> place, ;VnO thus fo pro: » 'vl.ind in pittifull cnle, f o:notonmongtt moft men fberejero true lobe, *1no CCctt-toarosojfeoutb tofft tbc j3rin^ foul mobe. V a!i:\ rbrn Mr»rd» eomeo in bluftrmg. rcrrfrp JtetiO ©rent men from bio furic ano to:ntb tnnnot uiiotib, r*tifb Ortfc in ftcWgionnnunr us is flnofotnctoill bcfjjoitertbfBtpontb bp the %)ccd. ’CfsboubtcB an 3rmp comes fromfte i^ojtb (2 > c tobicb unto England totU fee a boio guf ft ; tnben ©after oap fittctljtn Ham>*Bapes lap* %{# p^oberbe bios fchiFund betoarc of a clap, April). 2Tbfo April 1 noto focepetl) on ©artb fn her ft«* Anonotoreftleffc fpfritoneto quarrclls bcgm> London Irofc about fh?c mro babe a i great care, 5?o> feare tbat calamity fall to tbpwsre * iDnc of mopall blow fo in Banger moft greati anofojttmcfoficiilc not keeping her feat; 2Lbc 1 nftv mf enoettj tbrfr balour to trp, Ano bopetb againft uo to babe bittojp. May. In Ma v toe map hope to babe peace fo; a fobfic 13ut tumulto nnouproarco our hopes totU toegu feomc great one« Celt, 02 fn a toouc cafe, pioto,cnbp,anD furpin eberp place : ’ arc 1«e0»n 6 befog mUetiStfa ■ ^{Sw^vsstssr- ssssssasass. s?a^- ^ f Ausull i ♦ r°m •^°'rc^nc J&atfonstbfs Au^uft Ment & irbtofomc in hashed tptli gtPefmall content *’ es ereabatctjtngpjbtcp mates us afrafo : R Cicero anb Ereafuren cal o to account, r-mim^Afcp»fucb 9 00 in loeal^ »onnt ken.?.arc(i?f0er the n be, -DCobcrnmcnt mo^na iiunif ft;ali fee. 3ttiet fc? W? tfmc toftl nriettf. ^nhth^/T' i bct plec^ > tomc Content ana thus tte lro:to alters, be raofc n i« Uouirn i^occrfafnfp here on tbc earth map be founD. * - , , November. ‘W* of November both fratw Hno fome ^equcttratois tbr ir inff orrertu * as* ©rase Wcl’o,* mettetb *4 tabefta ^ i o i gooa of our ftmgoome, ant all our tpclfere! i^foftje CtPtll ipaidfratc ^ugrcrpotb peg foDotb the ^ontoirr inhere goffrceiootie ^omeCumutfs marbapprn amongft the 3rwn» 0rd 0oo p:cferDe Loudon from a 3$mtlnp. December. December tiohi temgrf h the jAcarc to an cno . ’ ^>sott on anr l^crcfic fttlBofb contrno. jBotr lamentable arr the rrure of the Pcre, — ffm bulrnt ©pints there ftillarcgreutQcrc : tntparftalljntfrer feme Gundco nolB rapes, ustf) being DtfcoPereD f hep p;g3be arrant imapes pome hopes time \otll menu, but be thurt hope ana fear# Let us p;apto CoPtomcnothisfatalUifarc. OcnmrrcptojD ?rfnsoffhec lorporrape, cc no to: cv»r fmnr s ovr o onr rouleo To: to fape. hers ftiilbep:cparco.bo\Drrf (Tocsthr r»earr, i?) 3utljoiirtbmPco truelptbatSNsmco Dap tinware. FINIS. *\Q ENGLAND’S MONTHLY PREDICTIONS €ttglanbs fWontljlp Prebictions for tfjis present peare 1649. VWTfjerein is relateb all tlje cfjiefe & 3Seafc Utotng iHlebttatton^, at tfje approach of ®eatf) benounceb agatnstt Utm. 1 Through fear of sharpe and bitter paine, by cutting off my dayes, No pleasure in my Crown I take, Nor in my Royall Rayes. I shall discend with grieved heart, (for none my life can save) Unto the dismall gates of death, to moulder in the Grave. 2 Farewell my Wife, and Children all, wipe off my brinish teares. I am deprived of my Throne, and from my future years. Farewell my people every one, for I no more shall see The wonders of the Lord on earth, nor with you shall I bee. 3 Mine eyes doe fade, and to the earth to worms I must be hurl’d: Henceforth no more shall I behold the people of the world. My Crown and Scepter I must leave, my glory, and my Throne: Adieu my fellow Princes all, I from the earth am gone. 4 Mine Age (which did approach to me) departed is away; 228 THE KING’S LAST FAREWELL And as a Shepheards tent remov’d, and I return’d to clay; And as a Weaver doth cut off his thrum, even so my life, Must be cut off, from people and from Children, and from Wife. 5 In sighes by day, and groanes by night with bitternesse I moane, And doe consume away with grief, my end to think upon. Fear in the morning me assailes, Death Lion-like I see, Even all the day (till night) to roare to make an end of me. 6 I chattered as the schreeking Crane, or Swallow that doth flye : As Dove forlorn, in pensivenesse, doth mourn, even so doe I, I looked up to thee, O Lord, but now mine eyes doe fade. Oh ease my sad oppressed soule, for death doth now prevaile. 7 What shall I say, to Gods Decree, if he would speak, I then should live ; it is a work for God, I find no help from men. Yet if my life prolonged was, my sins for to repent, Then softly I would goe and mourn, untill my life was spent. 229 CAVALIER AND PURITAN 8 And all my years, that I should live, for mine offences foule, I would passe o’ re in bitternesse, of my distressed soule. O Lord, thou hast discovered to me, that by these things Men live; Through thee, Princes do Reign, thou swayest over Kings. 9 In all things here Gods Providence, and will alone commands, The life of my poore spirit sad, is only in his hands, Oh, that the Lord would me restore. my strength then I would give, To serve my God in humblenesse whilst he would let me live. 10 Behold, O Lord, when I in peace, did look to be restor’d, Then was my soule in bitternesse, cast off, and I abhor’d, Yet in the love of God most good, his righteousnesse most just Hath throwne me downe into the pit, and to corrupted dust, 1 1 Because that I have gone astray, and cherisht war and strife, My dayes are now cut off, and I am quite bereft of life, Oh cast my sins behind thy backe, good God, I humbly pray, 230 THE KING’S LAST FAREWELL And my offences with the blood of Christ wash clean away. 1 2 When my dead body is interd, I cannot praise thee there, Death cannot celebrate the Lord, my God, most good, most deare ; They that go down into the pit destructions them devoure: For in thy truth they cannot hope, but perish by thy power. 13 The living, Lord, the living, they shall praise thy holy name. With all the glorious hoast above, and I shall do the same, The father to his children here, that are of tender youth, Shall them forewarn, and unto them make known thy glorious truth. 14 Forgive my sins, and save my soule O Lord, I thee intreate, And blot out mine offences all, for they are very great: Receive my soule for Christ his sake, my Prophet, Priest, and King, That I with Saints and Angells may eternall prayses sing. 38 Isay. Imprimatur. T. T. Tan. 31. 1648. LONDON Printed for Robert Ibbitson 164-8. 231 29 King Charles’s speech Manchester, II, 54, B. L., two columns, one woodcut. Only half of the sheet is preserved, the entire second part being torn off. This is most unfortunate, for the ballad is a valuable historical document, perhaps the work of an onlooker at the execution. His loyalty to the King is beyond question, and is reflected in the very favorable speech he puts into the mouth of the royal victim. Of Charles’s actions at the scaffold, however, even his political enemies admitted that “he nothing common did or mean upon that memorable scene.” The ballad has been reprinted among some of Ebsworth’s voluminous notes in the Roxburgh e Ballads , VIII, Pt. I, xc. It could hardly be omitted in a collection of Commonwealth ballads, especially when so many other ballads from the Manchester Collection are included. Few contemporary ballads on the execution of the King escaped the ravages of censorship (cf. pp. 47 f.). After the Restoration a number were written, several of which are in “good-night” style and purport to be the work of eye-witnesses. There are numerous accounts of miracles that grew out of Charles’s death. For example, in July, 1649, a blind maiden at Deptford by “making use of a Handkircher dipped in the Kings blood . . . re¬ covered of her sight.” To the pamphlet that prints this story (E. 563 (2)), George Thomason added a MS. note: “This is very true.” In his Natura Prodigiorum , 1660, pp. 17—18, John Gadbury re¬ marked: “The very yeer in which Chavis late King of England was beheaded , it was generally (I will not, I cannot say truly) reported , that he , without his head , was seen to hover in the A ir over W hite- hall (the place where he was beheaded) many nights together . Nay, I have heard some affirm, T hat he was seen (sometimes) with his George upon his breast , in the manner and form as he wore it, when he came on the Scaffold.” Perhaps it was such reports as these that made David Copperfield’s friend, Mr. Dick, worry about Charles I’s head! For the tune see Chappell’s Popular Music , I, 174. 232 KING CHARLES’S SPEECH iltng J&ist gbpeecf), anb last JfatetoeU to tije ffilorlb, mabc upon tfje IkaKolb at ab expression tonterning ttje botonfall of ter tfjrtce JXenotameb ijuisbanb. Motto. Unto tfjc Cfjtlbcen of mp beare Affection, ©either tljis attorbing to birettion. To the tune of, Gerhard. 1 You Noble Lady Muses just in number nine, Of power divine, Assist a Mournfull Woman to Indite Melpomeny is knowne to have the chiefest Skill, Lend me thy Quill and guide my trembling hand whereby to write A Letter to mine owne sweet Children, Wheresoever that they be. Dispierced1 farre From me they are, whom I shall never see: In mid’st of Sorrow, Griefe, and Anguish, These Lines which here are pen’d, To shew the care, And love I beare, I thus my greeting send. 2 I am the wofull Widow drown’d in deep despaire, 1 Text apparently dispierced. The word is, of course, dispersed. 238 THE WEEPING WIDOW This is my share, never was womans Grief so great as mine : A Husband once I had which loved me full deare, Many a faire yeare, whose sad untimely death makes me repine: For whiFst that my good Husband lived, No Potent2 under Sun Trod such a Race, For time and place,3 as he himselfe hath run. But by his Death I am made Widow, My Children Fatherlesse, Wherefore I shall Unto them all [A letter now address.] 3 First to my Eldest Son most Nobly borne and bred Marke what is said, I you advise to take heed whom you trust, Beware of Jews & T urks , & Barbarous minded Scots , Whose bloody Plots have cast your Fathers fortunes in the dust. Let no deceitfull tongue insnare you, Think on your Fathers fall, 2 /.un. To the tune of, O my fretty little winkings &c. 1 As I was walking forth one day, I heard distressed people say, Our Peace and Plenty now is gone, And wee poore people quite undone: A Royall Health I then begun1 2 Unto the rising of the Sun, Gallant English Spirits doe not thus complaine , The Sun that sets may after rise againe.1 2 The Tempest hath indured long, Wee must not say, wee suffer wrong, 1 This six-line refrain follows every stanza. 248 A HEALTH TO THE RISING SUN The Queene of Love2 sits all alone. No man is Master of his owne. 3 We over- whelmed are with grief e, And harbour many a3 private Thiefe, Poore House-keepers can hardly live, Who us’d in former times to give : 4 The Thistle choaks the Royal Rose, And al our bosome friends turn’d foes, The Irish Harpe is out of tune, And we God knowes undon too soone. Cije gttonb $art, to tfje gam e tune. 5 True love and friendship doth now decay, Poore People’s almost starv’d they say, Our Trading’s spojd’d, and all things deare Wee may complaine, and ne’re the nearer 6 Though all be true that here is said, Kind Countrey-men be not dismaid, For when the worst of harmes is past, We shall have better times at last. 7 When Rulers cast off selfe-respects, Then shall our Yoaks fall from our Necks, Our safeties shall not then depend On promise of a Faithlesse Friend: 8 When as the Cloud4 of War re is downe, The Royall Sun enjoyes the Crowne, The Lamb shall with the Lyon feede, ’Twill be a happy time indeed: a Henrietta Maria. 8 Not in the text. 4 Text Clond. 249 CAVALIER AND PURITAN 9 Let us cheare up each other then, And shew our selves true English-men/’ And not like bloody Wolves and Beares, As wee have bin these many yeares. 10 The Father of our Kingdom’s dead, His Royall Sun from England' s fled, God send all well that Warrs may cease, And wee enjoy a happy Peace; A Royall Health I then begun Unto the rising6 of the Sun, Gallant English Spirits , doe not thus complaine , The Sun that sets may after rise againe. London Printed for H. E. 1649. T ext rissng. 5 Text English: men. 250 33 The twelve hrave bells of Bow Manchester, II, 14, B. L., four columns, three woodcuts. T. S., whatever his name, was a very bold printer. No ballad could ring more loyally than this paean on Charles II. Writing about 1649 — not long, it seems, after the execution of Charles I— the author (who reminds one of Martin Parker) whole-heartedly extols the loyal nobility and cheerfully looks forward to the imminent downfall of the Parliament and the restoration of Charles II. Mean¬ time he is willing to drown his sorrows in sack and sherry. There are still twelve brave bells in the Bow Church steeple, although the present church of St. Mary-le-Bow, the work of Sir Christopher Wren, was begun in 1671 and finished in 1687. It was the bells of the old church that, according to the famous story, called Richard Whittington back to London to be three times Lord Mayor, For some account of that edifice see Wilberforce Jenkinson’s London Churches Before the Great Fire (1917), pp. 179—184. For a ballad “Upon the Stately Structure Of Bow-Church and Steeple, Burnt, An. 1666. Rebuilt, 1679” see Lord Crawford’s Catalogue of English Ballads , No. 774. The tune is new, that is, written for (or at least named from) the ballad itself. o C 1 CAVALIER AND PURITAN ®Ije ttoelbe brabe jUelS of Bow: Skopall crebo, falttfj anb merrp, Slinking fjealtljs in Shack anb SNjmp. To the tune of, The twelve brave bels of Bow. 1 Come noble hearts To show your loyall parts, lets drink a lovely cup and banish care, Why should not we Which are of spirits free Dround grief with sack and cast of all dispare, then drink your fill See how the lusty hogs-heads lyes a bleeding still, What care I how full is my glass Drink it up quickly and let the health pass see thou filst it up to the brim. Quaffe it off roundly doe you drink to him but pride down head-long surely must fall, Though most in presumption abound. the Lord is King of Kings over all : And will all their projects confound. Then drink and sing , God bless e the true Nobility, the twelve bels ring . 2 The Sun in the Skyes Most gloriously doth rise, and spreds his glistering beames to give us light, Jove with his traine Supporteth Charles’s waine, although the dog-star grin and sore doe bite, 252 THE TWELVE BRAVE BELLS OF BOW Come drink your fill, [See ho]w the lusty hogs-heads lyes a bleeding still, [Heaven scourge them] with Iron rods Which hords up their money & makes it their Gods Hang those muck-worms which doe repine, (And will not be royall1) they ar no friends of mine When as the Lyon: in England is plast, weel think no more of the plume, The Royall seed shall highly be graft, their youth appeares by its blume: Then drink and sing &c. Old Bacchus tends To welcome all our friends to tast his sparkling Necter he invites, All Heroys bold, Which scorne to be controld, the Queen of love our sences she delights, Then drink your fill See how the lusty hogs-heads lye a bleeding still, Come brave gallants here’s to you all. To be true and faithfull I doe you install, Your silk stockings must touch the bare ground, This cup of Canary it shall passe quite round, we shall reioyce, when as our hearts choyce, Doth weare the Crownet of fame, Knights, Lords and Earles wil honer rare Charles The second of that Royall name: Then drink and sing, God hlesse the true Nobility the twelve bels ring . Read loyall ? 253 CAVALIER AND PURITAN e geconfc part to tfje game tune. 4 Though clouds and stormes, Doe give us these allarms,2 and hides the glory of Apollos face, They vanquish shall And dissolve before us all these royall heires the Pallace for to grace : Then drink your fill, See how the lusty hogs-heads lyes a bleeding2 still, Fierse Belona beats up her drums, Mars with his army couragiously comes, All the planets Iointly agree, to set us in order as we ought to be : Neptune at sea on waves he doth play, and takes a turne at the helme, Hoisesing up saile, they meane to prevaile, and land safe into this Realme : Then drink and sing , God blesse the true Nobility the twelve bels ring. 5 The Fatherless Are left in deep distress, it us behooves the Widdow to deplore, Oh factious crew, Falsehearted and untrue, whose stained hands doth fill our land with gore Come drink your fill, See how the lusty hogs-heads lyes a bleeding still, If the loud4 wind doe gently blow, And we were deprived of sorrow and woe, 2 Text allarm’s, (sic). 3 Text deeding. 4 Text leud? 254 THE TWELVE BRAVE BELLS OF BOW Dukes and Ladyes masking may have, Being sumptuously decked with ornamants brave, the Court may flourish, so will our land, And all things plenty will be, then faith and truth will goe hand in hand, This troubled Kingdom to free: Lets drink and sing , &c. 6 When as the Throne, Is garnisht with its own the Citizens shall no imployment lack, All Ioviall blades,5 May flourish with their traides, The Conduits they shall run amain with sack, Come drink your fill, See how the6 lusty hogs-heads lyes a bleeding still, All the gentry worthily born,5 Will cause stately ringing at Charles’s returne, Bonefires flaming in its array, Shall make glooming midnight as bright as the day the Lambs shall play, and trip or the plaines, Beggers and Criple will dance, the Shepheards7 will pipe like rurall swaines, The honour of one to advance, Then drink and sing , God hi esse the true Nobility the twelve bels doe ring. London, Printed for T. S. 5 Period. 6 Text ths. 7 T ext Shepheads. 255 34 The fame, wit, and glory of the west Manchester, I, 5 3, B. L., four columns, two woodcuts. The sheet, which was printed about 1649, is slightly mutilated. Words and letters torn from the margins are supplied within square brackets. Richard Burton was a Royalist printer of the most devoted type. Here both his hero and his heroine are impoverished Cavaliers. Neither is worthy of the excessive adulation heaped upon them by the author. He felt, evidently, that a Roundhead — and a clownish Roundhead at that — deserved no consideration. Be that as it may, one can hardly approve of the methods adopted by the Glory of the West! In the ballad the author has given a clever twist to the popular story of wooing by proxy that is older than its use in the Arthurian legends and younger than in Longfellow’s Courtshif of Miles Stan- dish . A favorite version of this story deals with Elfrida, daughter of the Duke of Devonshire, King Edgar, and Ethelwald; see, for example, Thomas Deloney’s ballad in The Garland of Good Willy ca. 1593 ( Works , ed. F.O. Mann, p. 305); the comedy of A Knack to Know a Knave (1594); Edward Ravenscroft’s King Edward and Alfreda (1667); Thomas Rymer’s Edgar , or The English Monarch (1677); Aaron Hill’s Elfrid (1710); and William Mason’s Elfrida (1752). Similar to the Elfrida story are the triangular love-affairs presented in the early Elizabethan comedies of Friar Bacon and Friar Bungayy by Robert Greene, and Fair Em , an anonymous work long attributed to Shakespeare. The substituted-bride story is in a very general way paralleled in Thomas Heywood’s Wise Woman of Hogsdon (1604). Cf. also V. O. Freeburg’s Disguise Blots in Elizabethan Drama (Columbia University dissertation, 1915). The Glory of the West, here introduced as a new tune, is given in Chappell’s Eofular Music , II, 444, and is used in No. 35, a com¬ panion ballad to the present production. 256 THE GLORY OF THE WEST ®I)e jfame, Slit, anb glory of tf )t Weit, ffieze tn tin# ibong ^fjall fully be expre^t. A Caveat for young men wherein they may behold , how a youngster gave away his Mistris and his Gold ; And Maids likewise may here a lesson learn , wherein good from bad they may discern; Learn but this damsels , wit, and then youl finde , a way to fit all suters in their kind . To a pleasant new Tune, Called the glory of the West. 1 A Faire and comly creature, as ere was fram’d by nature, Lived in the west and the glory of the same; Her maiden life and carriage, Untill her day of marriage; I of it needs must wright unto her lasting fame, Most galants did admire, her beauty with desire, To inioy her company, and her vertues for to try; But alas poore fooles their labour was in vain, the glory of the west, they never yet could stain; Your courting, and your complements she’d say, is not the way to win me, I longer mean to stay, 2 Perhaps you may admire, and have a great desire, To know why she was call’d the glory of the west ; then give but time and leasure, And to fulfill your pleasure; her vertues here shall fully be exprest, She was proper tall and comly, no parts about her homely, 257 CAVALIER AND PURITAN She had no rowling eye, nor never used uncivility, But an amorous sweet and lovly piersing sight, her cheeks and her lips were pure red and white, Her other parts can better be exprest, by him that now injoyes the glory of the west. 3 So rare she was and witty, they call’d her famous1 Betty ; Not far from Bristow this gallant spark did live; her Father was a Cavalier, And lost his life in service there, her mother was grown poor, & no portion could her give Which made those gallants think that she would soon yeeld up her honesty, Quoth they wee’ll venture, her royal! fort to enter, But all their time they spent, alas it was in vain, the glory of the west, they never yet could stain, Quoth she you are deceiv’d tis not my poverty, shall ever make2 me yeeld to your uncivilty. 4 My vergins life ile keep quoth she, untill such time that man I see, Which I can affect and chuse him for my mate; when that gallant once I find, That to vertues is inclin’d, and I can but fancy him, I care not for estate; If a royall heart he bear, and can love a Cavelier; 1 T ext famons. i) Text make’. 258 THE GLORY OF THE WEST That same promise he must make, for my noble fathers sake, Which lost his life and fortunes in the field, and to no other side my maidenhead Fie yeeid, If that he be a Cavalier, tho he be neer so poor, Tie love him, I’le serve him, and honour him the more. 5 Give3 eare and listen to my Song, and I shall tell you ere be long, How she hath obtaind a husband to her mind ; a usurer that liv’d hard by, Left his Son when he did dye, Great sums of money, with goods and land behind ; That youngster hearing of this girle, vow’d if either gold or pearle, Would this damsels favour win, then he weighd it not a pinne. Hang money quoth he, my Gold I will let five, my father he is dead, I have enough lye by, A conceit I have now comes into my breast, which I hope shall obtain the glory of the west. 6 A kinsman poor I have quoth he, shall make up this same match for me, And a hundred pounds on him I will bestow, he is a comly youth and young, And knows well how to use his tongue and he will obtain her for me I do know ; So forth he set this youngster brave, with money and what else hee’d have, 3 The third column (really “The Second Part”) begins here. 259 CAVALIER AND PURITAN For to try his utmost skill, to obtain this maids good will ; Spare not quoth he tis no matter what you spend, doe the best you can, and be faithfull to your friend; That I will sayes he, but mark now the lest, he cousened his kinsman of the glory of the west. 7 When first he came unto this Maid, with courteous words he to her said, Faire damsell I must court you in my kinsmans name; his father being of his life bereft, Great means behind him he hath left, and now this youngster injoyeth all the same; Which on you he will bestow, if you please it shall be so ; Sir you have spoke enough quoth she, he’s but a foole I plainly see. Do you present his person, and let him keep his Gold, now you have your answer, that Riddle pray unfold; Your Riddle faire Mistris, I quickly understand, my person and my service shall be at your command. 8 This gallant damsel! faire and bright, in whom so many took delight ; With this prodigals kinsman was taken so in love, which when he did perceive and see, He slipt no opportunity, but couzened his cozen as afterwards did prove; 260 THE GLORY OF THE WEST Sweet heart quoth he I am poor indeed, which made me fearfull to proceed; But what I want in wealth faire maid, shall be in love and service paid ;4 Speak no more quoth she, few words I like the best, if you can love a Cavalier, no more shall be exp rest, Sweet soule saith he tis known both farre and neer, I have lost all I had, for being a Cavalier. 9 These lovers being vnited, his kinsman was invited; Over to her house, and he thought to get the lasse, but sure a foole he needs must be, When once he did the Mistresse see; to marry with her maid as after comes to passe, Quoth5 she unto this prodigall, now you have obtained all; By your kinsmans meanes quoth she, pray sweet heart tell to me, What you will bestow upon him for his pain, my maid he would marry if a portion he could gain; He hearing of her words, drew forth a purse of Gold, and said sweet heart content him as long as it will hold. 10 Five hundred pound is in’t sayes he, the rest I freely give to thee; A Ring likewise he bought her, and a fanne, 4 Text piad. 8 Text Qouth. 26l CAVALIER AND PURITAN one thing of you quoth she I crave, Our loves so secret I would have ; I would not have it blaz’d abroad about t[he land.] So for that time he went away, untill the appointed marriage day, Where in private they did meet, at a Church in Bristow street; And there his kinsman served him like a clo[wn;] the Mrs. wore the maids clothes, the mai[d her own,] This Mistresse had her Maiden bravely dresfsed;] this foole he did take her for the glory of the [west.] 1 1 They vales before their faces had, so eager was this simple lad; In all the haste he marri’d needs must be [ ;] which being done his kinsman led, His Mistresse and unto him sed, this maid you must give me which he did [free.] H is Gold he freely gave away, and his Mistresse too I say, But yet he had enough beside, his Ring, his gown, likewise a bride; It was too much for such a foole as he, for to maintain a kinsman his suter for to be, The clown got the Bride that was so bravely [drest,] but his kinsman bore away the glory of the [west.] 12 So from the Church away they went, this clown at first was well content; 262 THE GLORY OF THE WEST Thinking he had married with the glory of the w[est;] so homewards then he went apace, He never look’t upon her face, but took her for her Mistresse, she was bravely [drest.] His kinsman and his pritty mate, went smiling after in conseit, Thinking what the foole would say, when their vales were tooke away, Tis no matter what he said, they had his money [got;] the maid and the gown, it seems fell to his lot; I ne’er before did hear of such a pretty lest, as here was brought about by the Glory of the w[est.] 13 Brave gallants went to meet her, and kindly they did greet her; But thinking to salute the glory of the west, they were struck with admiration, To see such alteration; but plucking off ther vales, they soon perceiv’d t[he jest;] This youngster when he did behold, he had lost his Mistresse and his Gold; Faith I might a looke quoth he, before that I had leapt so free; But now the proverb you may plainly see, marriage and hanging goes by destiny ; Thus unto you I freely have exp rest, The wit and behaviour of the glory of the west. 263 CAVALIER AND PURITAN This Song a warning well may be, to young men when they do it see If once they goe a wooing not to trust another, and maids if they this Song will learn, Good from bad they may discern, and this girls behaviour they may chuse above all oth[er.] This couple lives most brave they say, in Bristow at this present day; Ever since they did agree, both in peace and unity; She never yet would give him cause of strife. I doe wish that every man could say so by his wife; Young men and maids, this Song [was made for you, ] so the glory of the west now bids you [all adieu.] London printed for R. Burton , at the Horse-shooe in Smithfield, 1 64- [ 9. ] 264 35 The credit of Yorkshire Manchester, I, 6, B. L., four columns, four woodcuts. The sheet is slightly imperfect, parts of several lines being torn ofi:. These parts have been restored in square brackets. This ballad is an imitation of the foregoing (No. 34), to which it refers in the opening lines. The story it tells is very old, and occurs in fabliaux , jest-books, collections of tales, and plays too often to need much comment, though usually the chaste wife has three or four suitors whom in one way or another she puts to shame. (See the notes to Furnivall’s edition, Early English Text Society, 1865, of The Wright's Chaste Wife , ca. 1462; W. A. Clouston’s Additional Analogues of “ The Wright's Chaste Wife," E.E.T.S., 1886, and his Popular Tales, 1887, II, 289—316; F. J. Child’s English and Scottish Popular Ballads, No. 276; and No. 23 above.) Here the story is exceptionally interesting because of its application to the wife of a poor but honest Cavalier. Pontefract Castle, twice referred to, was surrendered to the Roundheads on March 21, 1649. Charles Hammond, the author, is represented by ballads in the Roxburghe Ballads, VI, 324, VII, 44, VIII, 675. He wrote many chap-books, five of which were entered at Stationers’ Hall (Eyre’s Transcript, II, 181) simultaneously on June 11, 1658. For the tune, which involves an unusually elaborate stanzaic form, see No. 34. 265 CAVALIER AND PURITAN ®Ijc treint of gorfeesljtre, or tijc T>lorp of ttjc JJortf), 9 netu bmp to pap tfje jMalt man. To the Tune of the right Glory of the West. 1 Of late I heard a dity, was sung in Town and City, And it was cald the Glory of the West; of a pretty Cavelier, That song was made as I do hear ; and in my conceit it proved a pretty jest, But if you please to list a while, this Dity sure will make you smile, Wherein I will declare the same, of a gallant Northern Dame; Whose vertuous life, her constant love and worth, makes me intitle her the Glory of the North, Her husband kept a Tavern and a noted Cavelier, for being in Pomfret Castle it cost his purse full dear. 2 All the Gentry far and neare, resorted to this Cavelier, Some for love of him and others for his wife. Although content to all she gave, Yet so she would her credit save; her husband had no cause of jealousy nor strife. All sorts of Seres1 thither came, for to view this comly Dame, And some in zeale would try her skill, to obtaine their wanton will, 1 Sires or Sirs? Suitors would fit the sense as well as the metre. 266 THE CREDIT OF YORKSHIRE But2 if they were uncivell, shed cast them forth this jear, I pray hands of sir, touch not a Cavelier. though Caveleers are poore yet honest wil3 bee And play our games so fairely we care not who do see. 3 Looke what side so ere you be, you’re welcome here bee sure quoth she, And such content as my house can afford you shall have at your command, But ide have you understand, I shun your company & if you were a Lord If you seeke to wrong my Name, or my credit do defame By your base uncivelty, then I shun your company; For if you seeke to wrong my honour o, be sure I then must take you for my husbands foe, Comming or going a kisse i’le not deny, but otherwise tis troblesome and I doe it dehe. 4 Thus her vertues and her fame, had gaind her such an honest Name, Most of all that Country that lived both far and near, that no Inne wheresoere they went, Could give the Gentry such content, as they could have with this Northern Caveleer. Thus her credit’s long set forth, she’s cald the glory of the North, 2 Text B[]t. 3 Read we wil. 267 CAVALIER AND PURITAN For being such a vertuous wife, and leading such a civill life. But yet it cost her husbands purse full dear; for being in Pomfret Castell was prov’d a Caveleer It cost his wife all the money shee could gaine her husbands liberty and freedome to obtaine. 5 All the meanes that shee could make, it being for her husbands sake, Shee thought it not too much that she did do, when her husband shee had gain’d, And his freedome had obtain’d, thus was her love so constant firm & true, Which brought them then in debt full sore, and chiefly on the Maltmans score, Who did on them no pity take, but thought a prize on him to make, Or on his wife, now marke this jest I pray, the man at last was deceived in his play, Her husband then in prison straight he cast, but this silly Malt-man did pay for ’t at last. tZTfje geconb part, tEo tfje game tune. 6 His wife then hearing of the same, unto the Malt-man straight shee came, And did desire him some course that he would take, that her husband might be freed, Quoth hee, sweete heart it is agreed, if that you’l consent to the bargain I wil make, So straight hee whisper’d in her eare, and told her that shee need not feare, 268 THE CREDIT OF YORKSHIRE For her husband hee would free, if to him shee would agree. That is quoth he to lodge with me one night I meane to keepe it secret and your courtesie requite, Your husband cannot know nor of it understand, grant but this request Love, & her’s my heart & hand. 7 Thus relating of his minde, she thought shee’d fit him in his kind, And out of prison her husband she would bring; to any motion i’le now consent, This knave, it seemes I must content, and nothing else will please him unlesse it be that thing. Quoth shee my wits i’le worke about, but sure i’le bring my husband out, And yet my credit I will save, but make of him a silly knave, Perhaps he thinks to make of mee his whore, but such a trick ile show him shall pay a Malt- mans score, And teach such knaves more wit, when once they heare, how this Maltman was served by an honest Caveleer. 8 Then to this Maltman shee replid, good sir your suit is not denied, But which way I pray shall my husband sir be freed? quoth he, sweetheart I mean to make, A free acquittance for thy sake, 269 CAVALIER AND PURITAN grant but my request & it is done with speed. Then come at such a night quoth she, and drink a pint of wine with me, Then to my Chamber you shall goe, none of my servants shall it know. This bargin being made, shee to the prison went, and there she told her husband all her full intent, Quoth she sweet heart come out with your keeper such a night Come up unto my Chamber love and there clame your right. 9 The time being come the Maltman went, and thought to give this wife content: Then to her chamber hee straight way was conveyd, the quittance in his hand he brought, To reade it then shee him besought; but full little thought hee poore foole hee was betraid, With her he then began to play, but shee desired him for to stay; Ide have you go to bed quoth shee, if that you4 meane to sport with mee, And such content ere long to you i’le give, just cause you’l have to think on me as long as you liv [e.] He then puts off his cloths and into bed did go, this prity soule undrest her to, but now begins his woe. 10 Her husband straight began to call quoth shee we are undone now all; 4 Text y[]u. 270 THE CREDIT OF YORKSHIRE The Maltman hearing that began to sigh for feare, quoth he where shall I go to hide? Here in this Chest quoth shee abide, for there is nothing in it but such cloths I weare. Then in he went, but little thought he to his shame should out be brought. Her husband straight came to the doore, what are you going to bed you whore, When I’m in prison cast, and money want to spend, my keeper here wants money & is my speciall frienfd.] Alas you know sweet heart that I have none quoth sh[e.] i’le search al these coffers here, but iTe find some saith [he.] 1 1 Shee opened all about the Rome, but that which was the Maltmans Tomb, Come open this quoth hee, for here the treasure lies, sweet heart quoth shee pray5 rest content. If this you see I shall be shent. the Maltman hearing this the teares ran downe his thighs. Before this Chest he opened, the Maltman lay like one stark dead. Quoth he here is a spirit here, but with my sword I will him reare. Keeper saith he, here is mine enemy, and i’le be revenged upon him by & by. If that you’l spare my life sweet sir, I humbly pray, from all your debts i’le clear you sir untill this present day. 5 T ext rapy. 271 CAVALIER AND PURITAN 12 He then releast him of his debt, this Sparke was out of Prison let, And well contented to ide warrant he was beside, tis thought the Maltman dearly payd, Because he had the Chest berayed. how happy is that man hath such an honest Bride. Neere Pomfret doth this couple dwell, in London rode tis known full well, The Maltmans friends did me intreate, none of their Names I should relate. But to conclude and make an end my Song, consider of this jest you’l say the Maltman had [no] wro[ng.] When Caveliers are poor, they by their wits must [double,] but let them still be honest like this Northern C[ouple.] Charles Hamond. London , Printed for Richard Burton at the Horse-shoo in Smithfield 16 [4] 9. 6 6 Blurred. 272 36 Gallant news from the seas Manchester, I, 45, B. L., four columns, four woodcuts. Tom Smith is a non-committal name for the author, but the printer W. J. showed much boldness in signing his initials (though possibly they were assumed) to this intensely loyal song. It is significant as showing how English Royalists, immediately following Charles Es execution, began to plan for the restoration of his son. The specific occasion of this song was that part of the fleet of Parliament had revolted, and in July, 1648, placed itself under the command of Prince Charles. Joining the fleet off the coast of Holland, Charles then sailed with it to Yarmouth and Dover. In November Prince Rupert assumed the active command. The difficulties of distributing the sheet must have been great, but ballads of this type undoubtedly played no despicable part in stimu¬ lating the courage of the Cavaliers. The workmanship bears great resemblance to that of Martin Parker: unquestionably he was writing ballads in 1649, though prudence dictated that they be anonymous. “Tantara” refrains (which were probably derived in one way or an¬ other from Priscian’s quotation from Ennius, At tuba horribili sonitu taratantara dixit) had long been popular. Dozens of uses of the phrase can be found in Elizabethan poetry (cf. Journal of English and Germanic Philology, XVIII, 48). In his Art of English Poesy , 1589 (ed. Arber, p. 192), Puttenham illustrates the term onomatofieia by saying: aas the poet Virgil said of the sounding of a trumpet, ta-ra-tant , tara-tantara The tune is not known. 273 CAVALIER AND PURITAN (gallant Jletoes from tfjc seas. Seeing a delation of ccrtaine jspeccfjesf mabe bp prince Charles , tljc ®ufec of Yorke , tfjc Torb Montrosse, S>ra= men anb Hanb=men, tontlj tfieir Resolutions: (gatfjereb together bp a £bea-man latelp tome from H>ea, anb frameb into a §?ong bp f)im; tofiose name is Tom Smith. To the tune of, The FI eat at Sea. 1 Rouse up your spirits and make haste away, and cast away needlesse sorrow and care, There is such a Navy of Ships on the Sea, that hath not bin seene this thousand yeares : With tan ta ra ra ra , tan ta ra ra , Tan ta ra ra ra , tan ta ra ra . 2 Wee Sea-men invite you to helpe in each thing you Land-men if ever you meane to be blest, From whom your joy and comfort doth spring, without whom your Land can neuer have rest, With tan ta ra ra ra , &c. 3 With that bespake the Duke so bold, follow my councell every one, You shall want neither Silver nor Gold, in setting my Brother now on his throne : With tan ta ra ra ra , &c. 4 Then good Prince Charles did send them word, that they should not too forward be, O I am unwilling to draw my Sword, I’d rather have them yeeld to me: With tan ta ra ra ra, &c. 274 GALLANT NEWS FROM THE SEAS 5 My Lord Montrosse / did answer and say, will you stand still and loose your right4? They doe but laugh at your delay, but wee are resolved with them to fight : With tan ta ra ra ra , &c. 6 Your Sea-mens hearts are valiant and true, they wish that right may now take place, Theyd spend their dearest blood for you, so well they love your Royall Grace : With tan ta ra ra ra, tan ta ra ra , Tan ta ra ra ra ra , tan ta ra ra. getonb iPart, to tfie game lame. 7 With that bespake the Sea-men then, with good Prince Charles weed live and dye, Weed shew our selves right honest men, fight for our Prince and liberty : With tan ta ra ra ra , tan ta ra ra , Tan ta ra ra ra , tan ta ra ra. 8 There’s none of them all though they be bace, shall ever bring us to their Bow, Weed stoope to none but to his Grace, to whom true honour now is due : With tan ta ra ra ra , &c. 9 When the Land-souldiers heard these words, their joy of heart did much abound, Quoth they, while wee have strength & swords, wee will not yeeld an inch of ground: With tan ta ra ra ra , &c. 1 James Graham, first Marquis of Montrose (hanged May 21, 1650). Among his poems are some famous lines on the execution of Charles I. 275 CAVALIER AND PURITAN 10 [Sjtand2 you fast brave Sea-men wee pray,3 and wee shall soone our Foes confound, Wee will not rest by night nor day, untill wee make Prince Charles renown’d: With tan ta ra ra ra , &c. 1 1 And when wee bring him to his right, wee hope these Civill Warrs will cease. Wee shall have then no cause to fight, if God and they conclude a peace : With tan ta ra ra ra , &c. 12 Here’s a Health to all by Sea and Land, that doth the Royall Cause defend That bravely for Prince Charles will stand, to bring his troubles to an end : With* tan ta ra ra ra , &c. 13 God send ’s the rule wee had before, ’twill be the better for honest men, ’Twill be the better for rich and poore, for wee shall have no fals-hood then: With tan ta ra ra ra , &c. 14 God blesse the man that made this Song, for he hath honestly playd his part, ’Tis pitty he should suffer wrong, who loves the Prince with all5 his heart: With tan ta ra ra ra , tan ta ra ra , Tan tar a ra ra , tan ta ra ra. Printed for W. J. 1649. 3 Period. * Text Wih. 6 Text withall. 276 2 Torn. 37 An atheistical creature Manchester, I, 35, B. L., four columns, three woodcuts. The main title of the ballad is missing, and two lines in stanza 1 1 are slightly mutilated. This interesting ballad, directed against sectarians, expresses particular horror and disdain for the antinomians. The author may have known the pamphlet (E. 168 (7) and Harvard) called A Dis¬ covery of 29 Sects Here in London , All of Which , Exceft the First [i.e. the Protestants], Are Most Divelish and Damnable (1641). But his tirades at times are so comic as to verge on burlesque. Lambert is probably an error for Lambeth. The tunes are given in Chappell’s Popular Music , I, 114. 277 CAVALIER AND PURITAN 8 brief delation of an Stbeisticall creature, libing at Lambert, tobicb is of a strange opinion tfjat fjief sins are too big for him to goe to Jheaben, anb too little for him to goe to bell, hr tbin&s be Shall bpe a Pharisie: Jfurtfjer be besireb to babe a Commission to burne eberp neh) marrpeb couple in tbe puttocfe, but paping bim fortp shillings tbep sboulb escape unburneb. To the tune of, Jesfer Cunningame , or brave Lord Willoby . l Good Christians all give eare awhile, and mark what I relate, There lives a Man in Lambert Town, govern’d by lucklesse fate: An A this t he in Iudgement is, not fearing Heaven nor Hell, 278 AN ATHEISTICAL CREATURE But in presumption every day, ’gainst God he doth rebell. 2 He thus unto his Neighbours spake, my sins quoth he are great, That I my self shall not attaine, to sit i’ th Heavenly seate : Nor shall my soule goe down to Hell, (sin doth not multiply) In heart I doe believe that I a Pharisie shall dye. 3 This as a jeere he thus did say, blaspheming of our God, But such that will not him obey, shall surely feel his Rod: Like the Foole he saith there is no God, but Men like Dogs must dye, And have no other just reward, of bliss or Misery.1 4 But yet this Viper he is given to covet after Gold, Though neither he fears Hell nor Heaven as this for truth is told : A Commission he did seek to have, a Villanous act to doe, Then list a while you standers by, and lie declar’t to you; 5 Quoth he, if I a grant might have, and a commanding power, 1 Comma. 279 CAVALIER AND PURITAN Each marryed Couple I would brand, to make their pleasure sower: But if full forty shillings they, to me would freely give, They should in joy their Loves in peace, in Unity to live. 6 But those which did this same deny, should feele my cruell ire With irons hot I would them burn, hoat with the flaming fire : With which, impression deep Ide make, and were 'em by my side, The first that I in hand did take, should be a young-mans Bride. 7 Inhumane like thus would he deale with those new marryed, His tyrant hand they sure should feele, so soon as they were wed, O wffiat a Tyger would he prove, if he in Office were, The like before in all my life, I never yet did here. Cf )t seconb iPatt, to tfje same tEune. 8 His savage mind doth thirst for blood, he’s of the swinish breed, And as2 the churlish Caniball, on mens flesh he would feed : z Text on. 280 AN ATHEISTICAL CREATURE And likewise the poore Female sex he’d punish with a brand, Thus all young folks he would perplex,3 unlesse they’d bribe his hand. 9 This great confusion in the Land, about Religion sure, Doe bring Mens hearts to hainous sins, for all they’r counted pure: They climbe so4 high above their reach, it is the Brothers tricks, Then from the top they down doe fall head-long and breake their Necks. 10 So by that meanes there epicures, and Atheists they doe rise, And Pharisees with their wild Sects, Gods glory to despise, The Antinomians lead the way, for to commit all evill, Saying to sin it’s for their good, though it lead them to the Divell.5 1 1 When they in these wild wayes are fixt, like Judas some dispaire, And presently goe hang themselves, in conscience troubled are: [So] me dround themselvs, some stob themselvs, and some their throats doe cut. When Men run headlong in their wayes, [t]hose God from him doth shut. 8 Text peplex. 4 Text so ho. 5 Comma. 28l CAVALIER AND PURITAN 12 Good Christians be not thus sedus’d, by Wolves cloath’d in Sheep-skins, For with your eyes you plainly see, God plagues us for our sins. If there be neither Heaven nor Hell, how comes it then to passe, In Winter time the Snow appears, in Summer-time the Grasse: 13 The Sun,6 the Moon, the Stars give light, as God hath so decreed, But he that saith there is no God, is sure a fool indeed. Let none delude you from the truth, but faithfully believe, That God is just in all his wayes, so mayst thou Heaven receive.7 14 These vild Sectarians doe annoy, and fall the land with sin, They’r sevenfold nearer the sons of Hell, then when they did begin : Believe not them, believe Gods Word, so shalt thou live in peace, And let true-hearted Christians pray, that Englands wars may sease. 15 Lord blesse thy Ministers which teach thy word in every Church, And breake in too the Sectaryes, that would thy people lurch : 6 No punctuation. 7 Comma. 282 AN ATHEISTICAL CREATURE Heaven prosper us that we may live, so as with you to dwell, For goodly men shall goe to Heaven, and wicked ones to hell. London Printed for C. D. 1649. 283 3» Gallant news from Ireland Manchester, II, 19, B. L., two columns, one woodcut. The entire second part is torn away, but even in its mutilated condition the ballad is an important document. Loyally supporting Charles II and all his followers, it breathes in every line contempt for the Parliament and its leaders. That such a ballad could have been published is a commentary on the boldness of the printers and the difficulties of the censors. Murrough O’Brien, Lord Inchiquin, captured Drogheda (“Tredah”) on July 1 1 and Trim and Dundalk on July 24, according to Gardiner ( History of the Commonwealth and Protectorate , I, 109 ff.). The ballad-writer believed that these victories pointed to the complete downfall of Parliament’s power in Ireland, and cleverly compared the Irish situation with the mythological war of the Titans against Olympus. James Butler, Marquis of Ormond, the commander of the Royalist forces in Ireland, was, however, defeated by Michael Jones on August 12. Cromwell himself landed at Dublin on August 15, and began vigorous operations against the rebels. The triumphs of Ormond and Inchiquin were soon mere memories. Trim and Dundalk were recaptured by the troops of Parliament in September. On the eleventh of that month, Cromwell took Drogheda by storm, and butchered 3000 of its defenders and citizens. Fortunately for his ¥ peace of mind, the balladist could not foresee that fearful denoue¬ ment; though even if he could have done so, he might have been no more discouraged than was the author of a later “Hymn,” No. 39. 284 GALLANT NEWS FROM IRELAND (gallant JletoeS from Srelanb. Joeing a true delation of tlje Xorb Inchequins taking tije Citp of Tredah, anb tfjc ttoo strong (garrisons ’Trim1 anb Dundalk upon surrenber tottij all tfje Stmes, anb ^munition, upon tlje 19. & 20. of July, 1649. Jfartfjer since tlje latter enb of June, at least 8 strong fortifieb fCotones Jforts- anb Castles fjabe keen3 taken bp storrne anb composition bp tlje mag¬ nanimous Ormond anb Ijisf potent ^eroick Jforses: fjabing also kesiegeb all tfjeir orts, Cotoets, Castles, UDotonS, Cities, tofjo totll subbenlpkesole Victor ober Ireland, to itfj tfje baliant resolution of prince Ruperts jfleet, tojjicfj takes anb retakes iHjipping eberp bap for tfje use of C3&&& HCi? tlje ibeconb. To the tune of, Sfindolozv , or braue Essex and drake. 1 In faire Olimpus high, A degree above the Skie, the Gyants rebelled in their Senates, Being furious mad they rose, Their God-head to oppose, to unthrown all the seven noble planets, At Jupiter they aim’d, Who is in glory fam’d, for to tare him and' s Crownet quite asunder But Jove being King , His lightning dozen did fling , and consum'd many Gyants with thunder. 2 Stand up stout Mars , The God of bloody wars, 1 Roman letter. 2 Text Forrs. 8 Text heen. 285 CAVALIER AND PURITAN & mount on your Steed with great power, For Tipheus 4 he amaine, With his aspiring traine, rises up Paphos Queene to devower, For Jupiter the great, Sitting in his regall Seate, they would rend Titans Chariot quite asunder, But Joue being King , &c. 3 This Planetary warre, Unto ours may compare, which hath wasted three gallant stately Nations, For Pride against their King, Made their Cannons5 loud to ring, yet they sweeten’d our hearts by Proclamations, With many a faire pretence, They’d make glorious their Prince, they have chopt him and' s honor quite asunder But Jove being King , His lightning down will fling , and hee'l make the Elements to thunder . 4 Although Charles be dead, We do6 owne another Head, the second of that most Royall Name, Though fortune doe frown, It is Charles must weare the Crown, see see the dog-star eclipses all his fame, But his luster shineth forth, From the South unto the North, 4 Typhoeus (Typhon), son of Gea. 6 Text Cannos. 6 Text de. 286 GALLANT NEWS FROM IRELAND from the East to the West all doe wonder , But Jove being King , His lightning down doth fling, & will make all the elements to thunder. 5 Then cheere up brave Boyes, Which are the Kingdoms Ioyes, for Ormond ore Ireland is Victor, Lord Inchequin hath taine, Tredah with all its7 traine, it’s8 far better then any Coblers Lector. Dundalk and strong Trim , For the happinesse of him, I meane Charles the Peoples greatest wonder. But Jove being King &c. 6 The Irish Harpes in tune, And since the month of June, eight of their chiefest Garrisons be taken, Towns, Cities and strong forts, As Intelligence ryports, have been stormed, by them were quite forsaken, Their Cannons loud will rattle, To invite them to a battle, big ambition will swell it self asunder. For Jove being King, His lightning down doth fling, & heed ma[ke ] all the Eleme?i\tsY to thunder. 7 Text it’s. 8 Text ’its. 9 Text Eelemen[] (torn and blurred). 39 A hymn to Cromwell This ballad is printed at the end of a prose pamphlet called “A Curse Against Parliament- Ale. With a Blessing to the Juncto ; a T hanks giving to the Councel of State-, and a Psalm to Oliver . . . Nod-nol: Printed for the good of the State. 1649” (E. 575 (33)), which Thomason bought on October 25, 1649. It is a fine example of the daring and pointed satires Royalist writers heaped upon the leaders of Parliament and especially upon the rubicund nose of the “brewer” Cromwell (cf. pp. 71—72). As Cromwell had succeeded his uncle, Sir Thomas Stewart, in 1636, as farmer of the cathedral tithes at Ely, he is in stanza 7 called “the Ely Bull.” A burlesque from beginning to end, the ballad (which deals ostensibly with the same subject as No. 38) is not distinguished for veracity. Various defeats were inflicted upon Parliament’s forces by the Earl of Inchiquin and Hugh, Viscount Montgomery of Ards, before Cromwell captured Drogheda j after that time an almost unbroken string of victories re¬ sulted from Cromwell’s leadership. Neither Ireton nor Peters (cf. No. 75) nor Michael Jones was dead when the ballad appeared. Its “historical facts,” as well as the tune, seem to have been invented especially for use in this particular “psalm.” That the psalm was popular among Cromwell’s enemies can hardly be doubted. 288 A HYMN TO CROMWELL 3 Hymne to C*0jHWei. To the Tune of, Let Cromwels Nose alone. 1 Sing old Noll the Brewer, sing old Noll the Brewer, With his Copper-face, and Ruby-iV^^, now is Routed sure : Let Cromwels nose still reign , let Cromwels nose still reign , Tis no disgrace to his Copper-face , to Brew strong Ale again . 2 Tredagh he took by Storm, and there he got much Riches ; But Ards and Inchiguin , has made him wrong his Breeches. Let Cromwels Nose still Reign , &c. 3 Trim and Dundalk was quit, and Noll did forward go; Before he at Killkenny came, A lack and alasse for wo. Let Cromwels Nose still reign , let Cromwels Nose still reign , Tis no disgrace to his Copper-face , to Brew strong Ale again. 4 Ormond with Irish stout, did Charge him in the Van, And gave him there a Rowt, that kill’d both Horse and Man. Let Cromwels Nose still Reign , &c. 5 Tredagh is now Regain’d, the Mount was never tane; 289 CAVALIER AND PURITAN Most People now do think, that he will end his Reign. Let Cromwels Nose still reign , &c. 6 Hugh Peters lay for dead, and said he was not well, One striping him, he said, He new came out of Hell. Let Cromwels Nose still reign , &c. 7 Ireton was found dead, J ones had his deadly- blow, Which made the Ely Bull to Roar, Bellow, and Loe. Let Cromwels Nose still reign, <5V. 8 Sure Lilly 1 was a Witch, that did perswade his stay, But he without his Breech, to Ireland would away. Let Cromwels Nose still reign, &c. 9 Now they have hem’d him up, within a Castle sure, The luncto little think, what’s Lordship doth endure. Let Cromwells nose still reign, &c. 10 They now doe say the Lawrd, did their great Cause betray, And sent them all to heaven — the clean contrary way . Let Cromwells nose still reign, &c. 1 1 Thus every Tyrant thrives, and every Traytor shall, Ayming to reach a Crowne, into Perdition fall. Let Cromwells Nose still reign, let Cromwels Nose still reign, Tis no disgrace to his Copper-face, to Brew strong Ale again . 290 1 See No. 25. 4° The wily, witty, pretty damsel Manchester, I, 40, B. L., four columns, two woodcuts, slightly mutilated. The date is about 1649. The ballad is very poorly printed. The spelling and punctuation are unusually bad. John Hammond here prints the adventures in love of a soldier, just returned from the wars, who is in favorable contrast with the Willy of the following ballad (No. 41). Songs like this are not without value for the information they give of social conditions. The treatment of the theme, however, as well as the diction, is altogether conventional. The tune of The Oil of Barley (or Stingo ) is given in Chappell’s Popular Music , I, 305. s 291 CAVALIER AND PURITAN ®be toillp, toittp, neat, anb prittp, SBamsell: VVInci) to a gboulbtet often mabe tfjijs anaitoer, 3 bare not boe no more nor tije batfe of pour fjanb §?ir. To the tune of, The Oyle of Barly. 1 Not long agone, Walking alone,2 Abroad to take the aire,3 Under a shaid, I spyd a Maid, Both beautifull and faire Sweetheart quoth I, In courticy, To make me somthing boulder, Exchange a kisse, And do not4 misse, With me that am a Souldier, Which she den? d. And thus replied. Being ready with her answer , Forheare to woe , For 1 dare not doe , No more nor the hack of your hand Sir. 2 What is the cause My bony Lasse, That thou shouldst now deny mee I in my Love Will constant prove, If thou’lt be pleas’d to try mee 1 Comma. 2 Text a[]one. 8 TV*/ a [] re * 7V*/ donot. 292 THE WILY, WITTY, PRETTY DAMSEL Then about the wast, I her embrast, And in plaine termes I told her, I would her beed, And also weed, If she would love a Souldier, Which she denied &c. 3 lie give thee Rings, And costly things, Fine braslets of rich amber, If that my will, Thou wilt fullfill, And walke into my chamber, There may we prove, The tricks of Love, And I shall be more bolder, When as I see, Thou wilt agree, To Love a valiant5 Souldier, Which she , &c. 4 lie deck thee brave And thou shalt have, Both6 danty faire and clothing, My love to thee, Shall be so free, He let thee want for nothing, In garments gay, Each holy day, Thou shalt both pearle & Gold were 1 Text valiaut. * Text Bo[]h. 293 CAVALIER AND PURITAN Like Loves faire Queene, Thou shall be seene, If thou wilt wed a Souldier, Which she &c. 5 A Bever hat, Be sure of that, lie for a faring give thee, A Silken gowne, With Lace lade downe, Sweet heart thou maist believe me Warme Muffes, new Ruffes, Bonelace7 and Cuffes, Most gorgious to behold sure, If thouls love mee, As ice8 love thee, Belive me as a Souldier, Which she &c. Cf }t geconb part, tfje game 3Tune. 6 A Souldiers wife Lives a merry life. And ’tis a type of honour, In every place, To have the grace, Of Mistris put upon her. Which honour brave, Thy selfe shall have, Then prethy Love be bolder, Be not so coy, Let me inioy, 7 Text Bonelece. 8 I.e.y I’se. 294 THE WILY, WITTY, PRETTY DAMSEL Thy love and be a Souldier, Which she denied , And thus replied Being ready with her 9 answer , Forbare to woe , For I dare not doe , No more nor the back of your hand Sir. 7 If I quoth10 she, Should weed with thee, We both might faile in carrage, My age is greene, I’me scarce fifteene, ’Tis a little to young for marrage, . Without delay, I meane to stay, Tell I am somthing older, I find as yet, I am unfit, To meddle with a Souldier, Therefore azuay. &cN 8 There are young men, Both now and then, Whose wits are very nimble, They’le cog they’le lie, They’le falcyfie, They’le flatter and desemble, Untell they have,12 What they do crave, And after wards they care not, TV*? his. 10 Text puoth. 11 Comma. 12 Period. 295 CAVALIER AND PURITAN Therefore be still, If’t13 be your will, To trust you Sir I dare not, Forbeare quoth she , 1 pray let be , Take this word for an answer , Although you woe I will not doe , No more nor the back of your hand Sir. 9 I in some part: Could find in heart, To leave for thee my dear, My madenhead, Which I have kept, Almost this fifteene yeare, But if with shame, Yould staine my name, It would be my undoing Wherefore kind Sir, I pray stand farre, And leave your desprat wofoing.] Pish fie be gone , Let me alone , Take this word for an answe\rf\ Forbeare to woe , For I dare not doe , No ?nore nor the back of your hand [&>.] 10 I knew a Maid, That was14 betraid, Text I’ ft. 14 Text wat. 296 THE WILY, WITTY, PRETTY DAMSEL Her name was pritty Nelly , A young man staid, And with her plaid, Till he got up her belly, Which being done, Away he rune, He being but a stranger, Which makes me say, As well I may, Much trusting breeds much danger Therefore &c. 1 1 When I had beene, So long and seene, This Damsells disposion, We both departed, Merry hearted, She having made condision, For me to stay, Untell the day, That I returne from Gloster. To end all strife, Shee’le be my wife, She sayes what ere it cost her, And thus the feast , I have exprestf 5 &c. Printed by Iohn Hammond. Text exprect. 297 41 There I mumpt you now Manchester, II, 41, B. L., four columns, three woodcuts. Here is a side-light on social conditions that followed the war. Francis Grove was a law-abiding citizen, who trimmed his sails to the wind: naturally, then, this sheet from his press has for its “hero” a discharged soldier of Parliament, whose valor against the Cavaliers is attested by wounds and scars. Unhappily, however, Willy is a gay Lothario — more of a Cavalier by nature, it appears, than a Round- head — whose promiscuous amours are only too well known to his former sweetheart Meg. She denounces him roundly, boasts of the honest suitors at her choice, sends the soldier — thoroughly “mumped” — about his business, and urges other maids to follow her example. The date of the ballad is about 1649. A year later Willy might have run foul of the Adultery Act (May, 1650). Amorous exploits similar to Willy’s make up a considerable part of Richard Head and Francis Kirkman’s English Rogue- (1665). 298 THERE I MUMPT YOU NOW {Kfjere $ mumpt1 pou noto: at, jWumpmg Megs resolution & lobe to fter olb ^>toeetf)eart Whom now she hath rejected , And makes him for to know , How ill he's been affected , There I think I mumpt you now . To the Tune of lie go no more into Scotland for to lye. 1 Sweet Meg , behold thy Willy's now returned from the Wars, I fought against the Cavalires, behold my wounds and scars: Come sit thee down by me awhile, some kindness to me show, And thou shalt see That thy Willy loves thee now. 2 What is the cause thou art so coy,2 Sweet-heart now tell to me: Whats that to thee, thou sawcy knave but fools must medling be. Think not to play the lack with me, your tricks too well I know: Ha, ha, good Sir. There I think I mumpt you now. 3 Let me but touch thy hand, sweet-heart what doth that mumping mean? Alas, good Sir, your snapping short do’s make you look so lean: 1 Text mnmpt. 2 Period. 299 CAVALIER AND PURITAN You think to make a fool of me, if that you knew but how : Hands off, forbear, There I think I mumpt you now . 4 I do remember well the time ere first to Wars thou wentst, Thou hadst not one peny in thy purse till I thee money lent: Thou spentst it on another Wench, a light one, this I know : Yet lie say no more, For I think I mumpt you now . 5 Six Milkmaids met at Islington, ’mongst whom there was much strife Thy promise was to every one, that she should be thy wife : and five of them thou got’st3 with childe, more cunning knave art thou : Yet lie say no more, For I think I mumpt you now . 6 An honest Maid near Billingsgate thou also hast undone, Which for a twelvemoneth after thee did through the countreys run; And now she’s turned Oyster wench, and lives she cares not how; But lie say no more, For I think I mumpt you now . 7 Two Lasses in the count rey also thou didst deceive, Text thougot’st. 300 THERE I MUMPT YOU NOW Too good to keep thee company and yet thou didst them leave: The one of them will follow thee when once her belly’s low, Yet lie say no more, For I think I mumpt you now . 8 Yet after all this Knavery thou com’st to me again, Thinking to have my company, although it is but vain: It is not all thy flattery can win me to thy Bow, Therefore be gone, For I think I mumpt you now . ®fje geconb part, GTo tfje game tune. 9 Since that your mind is known sir, henceforwards lie prevent The keeping of such company, lest I too late repent: I’d better be unmarried stil, then match I know4 not how, Yet lie say no more, For I think I mumpt you now . 10 And yet I’ve5 other sweethearts store, which for my favour sues, I think no less then half a score, whereon to pick and chuse : And yet the worst amongst them all is not so bad as thou : 4 2Y*/ knownot. 6 Text Iv’e. 301 CAVALIER AND PURITAN Yet lie say no more, For I think I mumpt you now. 1 1 Ther’s Andrew the Shoe-maker, whose dealing is upright: And Robin Black the Currier, which I too much did slight : lie never shake off such a man to mach with thee I trow, Then away, be gone, There I think I mumpt you now. 12 Ther’s honest Tom the Taylor too, he might go thorough stitch : If I should match with such a man, I should be wondrous rich, Each year new Gown and Petty-coat to me he would allow, Yet He say no more, For I think I mumpt you now. 13 Fine Frank the Woollen drapers man which would be very loath6 To see my children naked go, having such store of cloath: & thinkst thou with thy nimble tongue to win me to thy Bow: No, no, forbear, For I think I mumpt you now. 6 T ext veryloath. 302 THERE I MUMPT YOU NOW 14 Also ther’s George the Weavers boy a very hansome youth, I love that Lad with all my heart, because he means the truth: I scorn to deal with such a man, That onely loves in shew Be gone therefore, For I think I mumpt you now. 15 Therefore it is in vain to stay, then pray you Sir be gone, I mean to have an honest man, or else lie marry none: lie never leave on7 honest freind to take a knave, I trow, Farewell, good Sir, There I think I mumpt you now. 16 I wish all other Lasses were according to my minde, To serve all such Dissemblers as they deserve by kinde : He thought to make a fool of me if that he knew but how: But was8 deceived, For I think I mumpt you now. London, Printed for F. G. 1 l.e., one. 8 Text Butwas. 3°3 42 ballad Printed in B. L. at the end (pp. 7—8) of a pamphlet called “The Rebells Warning-Piece ; Being Certaine Rides and Instructions left by Alderman Hoyle , . . . who hanged himself Ianuary 30. With a .. . new Ballad on the loathed Life and sudden Death of Sir Philip E. of Pembroke. Printed for the good of the State. 1650” (E. 593 (13)). Thomason’s date is February 19, 1650. Philip Herbert, Earl of Pembroke (1584—1650), is perhaps re¬ membered by many students of literature chiefly because to him and to his brother the first folio of Shakespeare’s plays was dedicated. He was especially hated by the Royalists because after a long period of service with the King — he was Lord Chamberlain from 1626 to 1641 — he had espoused the cause of Parliament. Michael Oldisworth (1591-^.1654), M.P., his secretary, was supposed to be Pembroke’s adviser and to lead him, as Anthony Wood phrased it, by the nose. Many libels, ballads, and vicious pamphlets followed upon Pembroke’s death (January 23), several of them masquerading as the work of Oldisworth himself. The State would have wreaked dire vengeance upon the author and printer of this ballad had it been able to detect them. The author had a sense of humor that is almost ferocious. The cause of Pem¬ broke’s death, as he saw it, was an inadvertent hand-clasp given him by the Devil. Belief that devils or spirits brought death or mutila¬ tion at a touch is very common. For example, in Scott’s Eve of Saint John , the ghost of the murdered lover, Sir Richard of Coldinghame, touched his lady’s hand, and The lady shrunk and fainting sunk, For it scorched like a fiery brand. And forevermore that lady wore A covering on her wrist. For the tune see Chappell’s Popular Music , I, 198. 3°4 A NEW BALLAD SI J^eto JPallati. To the Tune of Chevy-Chase. 1 Gods blessing guid our Royal King with Health and Victory, And all his Foes to Justice bring, or else like Pembroke die. 2 Of whose late end I now must write, that all his Gang may know, The desperate end attends each wight , who lives his Soveraignes Foe. 3 Treason was still his onely guide, he steer'd his Actions by, A Foole he liv’d, a Mad-Man dy’d, may all the rest so dye. 4 The daily Prayer1 that he made, with Curses were attended, Began with Oaths what ere he said, and with God dam me ended. 5 Now lest the world should misconceive the reason of his death, A briefe account I here shall give, what stopt his stinking breath. 6 A Counceller he long time had, besides his Oldisworth still, By whose advice grand projects laid, and acted by his will. 1 Used collectively perhaps. Or should it be prayers ? 30 5 CAVALIER AND PURITAN 7 The Divell in mans shape appear’d, each Evening at his bed, And every Morne his Knight-ship rear’d, and him to counsell led. 8 But now by chance it so fell out, they too Familliar came, And taking leave, ere he went out, for which he was too blame. 9 He needs would shake him by the hand but that prov’d something warme, which made him curse & swearing stand it poysond all his arme. 10 And tumbling back, the devil by chance troad on his Lordships toe, Which cast him in a sudden Trance, and provd his finall woe. 1 1 Both leg & arme did Gangrene straight black as his durty Soule, A subtill trick it was in faith, and made his heart soone cold. 12 And then upon his bed hees laid, but yet no rest can take, His conscience cryes, his souls betrayd even for his moneys sake. 13 And now he raves like one distract, or mad-man out ons wits, (His braines before long time being crackt,) now sweares, now prayes by fits. 2 Parenthesis not closed. 306 A NEW BALLAD 14 No sooner can he shut his eyes, but straight he starts againe, Take heed, take heed, aloud he cryes, the Kings alive againe. 15 His gasping groanes Alarums give unto his Brethren deare, The cursed crew that yet doe live, that they their ends might feare. 16 Mildmay 3 take heed, the Scots are come, the King will hang us all, In England we shall have no roome, and great will be our fall. 17 Nothing at all could ease his mind, a Legion him possest, His treacherous Conscience could not find: one houre or minutes rest. 18 Untill at last a Christian Priest, this Jew came to convert, Who had before bin long opprest for being a Loyall Heart. 19 The Common Prayer too must be, the Prayer that he must heare, Which erst so persecuted he, neither must come him neere. 20 Which now himselfe he curses for, and sees his Treasons all, 3 Sir Henry Mildmay (fl664?), formerly master of Charles Ps jewel-house and later one of the judges at his trial. 3°7 CAVALIER AND PURITAN Scarce hoping any Mercie, or Compassion at his fall. 21 Now Rebels all a warning take, of this your Noble Peere, Consider what an end they make that live so damdly here. 22 And Royall hearts be constant still, your Soveraignes Cause advance, The Evening crowns the day, & will reward your present chance. 308 43 Articles of agreement Manchester, II, 18, B. L., four columns, three woodcuts. The first column is badly mutilated. It is surprising to find that this seditious ballad, dating early in 1650, was published openly with the initials of the printer. Charles II had been proclaimed King at Edinburgh on February 5, 1649 — six days after the execution of his father. Commissioners from the Scottish Parliament crossed to the Netherlands in February, 1650, and met Charles at Breda to discuss the terms upon which he should take up his rule. They stipulated, among other things, that the Covenant should be accepted by him and the whole nation, and that all civil affairs should be determined by the Parliament. The Royalist ballad-writer represents these commissioners and Prince Charles in a dialogue, in the course of which, with all amity and eagerness, Charles agrees to their demands. The actual situation was, of course, far different. From expediency, Prince Charles sacrificed his convictions, or better his prejudices. He loathed the Covenant. On August 18, however, expediency carried him still farther when he consented to sign a declaration acknowledging his father’s blood-guiltiness and his mother’s idolatry. He was crowned at Scone on January 1, 1651; accounts of the coronation ceremony were printed by James Brown at Aberdeen and Robert Ibbitson at London (E. 793 (2), 669. f. 15 (81)). There is a striking political caricature in the Thomason tracts (669. f. 16 (13); John Ashton’s Humour , Wit , and Satire of the Seventeenth Century , p. 403) which represents “The Scots Holding Their Yovng Kinges Nose to Ye Grinstone.” Here Charles is made to say: “For revenge’s sake, I will dissemble.” It is noteworthy that in ballads Prince Charles is always presented as being most unwilling to wage a war on his rebellious subjects. Perhaps his adherents felt that apology was needed for his inactivity before and after the battle of Worcester (September 3, 1651). For the tune see Chappell’s Popular Music , I, 114. 309 CAVALIER AND PURITAN Articles; of agreement bettotxt prince Cijarl e£ anb ttje parliament of ikotlanb, brought ober bp tfjetr Commissioners from ^ollanb, Scotland now hath got a King , They agree in every thing , King of one Kingdome now is he , Who we kiiow is heire to three , No man knows that Kingdomes fate , Nor our own expos'd to hate , When we have appeas'd our God , He at length will hurne the rod . To the tune1 of, The Lord Willozvbies March. 1 The news from Scotland if you’l heare, I purpose to resite, And how themselves they doe prepare, with the English for to fight: the Prince and they agreed they say, And they acknowledge him their King, and protest they’l doe their best Unto England him to bring. Scotland now hath got a King , they agree in every thing. Long may our neighbours flourish. Prince. 2 Stand fast and be not you dismayde, this said the Prince of hearts, 1 T ext thetune. 310 ARTICLES OF AGREEMENT All Christian Princes will lend us aide, and soone will take our parts, The Sweade , the Dane , [The] King of S paine [They have agreed] to stand my friend, [My king] dome [Soon will c]ome [Then our troubles shall have] an end. [. Scotland now hath got a K]ing , &c. Scots. 3 Most noble Prince the Scots did say, wee’l live and dye with you, For why4? we well do know quoth they, three Kingdomes is your due, in distresse, heaven blesse You and your proceedings all, and your friends who intends Your Enemies shall fall, Scotland now hath got 2 a King , &c. Prince. 4 I have some friends in merry Scotland, and a many enemies In England too I understand, heaven open all their eyes, that they may another day Yeild faire England here their right for God knowes against my foes 3ii 2 Text gnt. CAVALIER AND PURITAN I am unwilling for to fight. Scotland now hath got a King , they agree in every thing . hong may our iieighbours flourish .3 VLfje £econb part, to tfje £ame tune. Prince. 5 To all good Articles lie agree, and yeild to every thing, So I may have one Kingdome of three, and raigne your Naturall King, no Popery nor Sectary Shall in the Kingdome there remaine,4 nor Bishops sleeve your Conscience grieve, Shall in the Kingdome there remaine.4 Scotland now hath got a King , they agree in every thing , hong may our neighbours flourish .3 Scots. 6 The Presbyterian Government we doe desire may stand, That you shall act with your Parliament for the good of your Land, if you agree, then we shall be A happy Nation in your choice, strife shall cease, and we have peace Comma. The repetition of this line is no doubt a printer’s error. 312 ARTICLES OF AGREEMENT And shall have cause for to rejoyce. Scotland now hath got a King, &c. Prince. 7 Your Propositions are so faire, I can them not denye But you must then with me adheare, against all cruelty,0 plundered land out of hand You shall suddenly restore unto those you count your foes,° My Fathers friends that are made poore. Scotland now hath got a King , &c. Scots. 8 Upon condition they shall not in Parliament ere sit. For why4? their deeds are not forgot, it is a thing unfit, also this is not amisse, And an Act of Oblivion shall be made excepting those that are your foes, That have your Fathers life betray’d. Scotland now has got a King , &c. 9 The Prince agreed to every thing, now Scotland' s like to thrive, punctuation. 313 CAVALIER AND PURITAN They cannot they say, be without a King, though they in vaine did strive, they invite their delight, The Prince of Wales unto the Crowne, they protest they’l doe their best, For to beat False-hood quite down. Scotland now has got a King , they agree in every thing , Kong may our neighbours flourish .c London , Printed for A. E. c Comma. 3>4 44 The lady s lamentation C. 20. f. 14(32), B. L., four columns, three woodcuts. This ballad, like No. 43, appeared (in 1651) with the name of its printer, Richard Burton, notwithstanding the remarkable nature of its subject-matter. It is a striking lament for the exile of Charles II and for the usurpation of his throne by Cromwell. The allusions in the first part are loosely veiled; but almost any reader or hearer would have known that the “ Black-bird most Royall” was the swarthy Prince Charles. In the second part, all disguise is thrown aside, and the lady openly refers to Charles’s adventures in Scotland, to his defeat at Worcester, and to the murder of his father, at the same time ex¬ pressing a determination to seek him out, wherever he be, to share his fortunes. The tune of the Highlanders' March is given in the Dancing Master , 1665, as is noted in Chappell’s Pofular Music , II, 784. A Euing ballad (No. 160) names it The Highlanders March , or General Monckls Right March. 3 1 5 CAVALIER AND PURITAN ®I je Unties lamentation, jfor tije loSSe of fjcr Hanb>lort). The Tune, Highlander* s March} l All in a fair morning for sweet recreation, I heard a fair Lady was making great moan, Sighing and sobbing with sad lamentation saying, her Black-bird (most Royall) is gone. O Fates that have me deceived with sorrow much grieved, lie be reprieved, from sad misery. Else I, as duty doth bind me, and Cupid assign’d me, 1 Text Ma[}ch. 316 THE LADY’S LAMENTATION lie find out my true lovep where ever he he. 2 Once with much excellency my Love did fleurish, & was the chief flower that England did spring, All vertue bequeath’d him his person to nourish, as if he by lineage had come from a King. But now this fond fickle Fortune whose wheel is uncertaine,2 That causes this parting betwixt3 him and me. The4 aliue doe remaine in France or in Spain lie find out my true love where ever he he. 3 The birds in the green woods are mated together the Turtle is chosen to be with the Dove, So I am resolved come fair or foul weather, this Spring for to find out my Lord and my love, Tis he that is my hearts treasure, my joy, and my pleasure, And having such leisure most sweetly lie flee, For he is valiant and kind, and faithfull in mind, lie find out my true love where ever he he. 4 Both youngmen & Maidens now chuse by election, then why should not I and my true love be joyn’d4? 2 Period. 3 Text bewixt. 4 Read If he. 3 1 7 CAVALIER AND PURITAN To heaven I will pray for a blessed protection, to make me succesfull my Landlord to find, His wings are fatally clipped and absolutely stripped, With thier woes nipped, which humbleth me. If he his fame do advance in Spain , or in France lie find out my true love where ever he he. seconfo part to tf?e £ante QLxmt. 5 In Scotland my dearest and I were together, while he was couragious and noble in heart, A wo is the time when last we came hither, O then he was forced away to depart. Though he in Scotland was deemed, and Royall esteemed, A Stranger seemed in England to bee, But I as duty doth bind me and Cupid assign’d me, lie find out my true love where ever he he. 6 At W or s ter being routed, O sad lamentation, for sorrow amongst us was wonderfull rife, Dispersed and scattered quite thorow the Nation, tis well that he scaped away with his life. Else he had layn with his father intered together, So leaving his mother in sad misery, 3i8 THE LADY’S LAMENTATION If he alive do remain in France or in Spain , lie find out my true love where ever he he, 7 If that the Fowlers my Black-bird had takene, then sighing and sobbing had been all my tun Although for a while he hath me forsaken, I hope for to find him in May or in June. lie go thorow water and fire, throw mud, and thorow mire My love is intire in every degree. I know he is valiant & kind, and faithfull in mind, lie find out my true love where ever he he. 8 It is not the Ocean shall fear me with danger, for now like a pilgrim ile wander forlorn, A man may find more love fro one that’s a stranger then he that is native, an English-man born. Ile pray that heaven may be gracious to England so spacious, Though some be audacious to him and to me. If he his fame do advance in S paine or in France ,5 lie find out my true love where 6 ever he he. Printed for Richard Burten at the Horseshooe in Smith field, 1651. * Period. 6 Text w 4* re. 319 45 The character of a time-serving saint 669. f. 16 (53), roman and italic type, two columns, no woodcuts. Thomason’s date is June 5, 1652. This interesting defense of the Ranters, by a member of that belief, is a vigorous attack on the Saints who live luxuriously while poverty gaps at every corner. Lockier, a quack-doctor, lived for many years after writing this sheet. There is an engraving of him, labelled “Lionel Lockier Physitian,” prefixed to his An Advertisement , Con¬ cerning those most Excellent Pills Called Pillulae Radijs Solis Ex- tractae. Being An Universal Medicine (17 pp., 1664). The pills there described (they are laughingly referred to in Samuel Butler’s Characters , ed. Waller, p. 63) were warranted to cure almost every ailment or disease, and were, so the pamphlet informs us, sold by forty-five dealers throughout England. They had, however, been attacked by “G. S.” (in a “scurrillous pamphlet written by a pittiful rayling Sneak”) in 1657, as a letter “from a person of Quality,” appended to the Advertisement , discloses. This letter, in turn, was promptly answered by George Starkey, M.D., on December 9, 1664, in A Smart Scourge for a Silly , Sawcy Fool. Being An Answer to a Letter , at the End of a Pamphlet of Lionell Lockyer , ( quondam and lately ) Botcher , now ( tandem aliquando , nu^er quidern) drest U'p with the Title of Licensed Physician. Starkey leaves Lockier, whom he describes as “a Botcher in Southwark,” with hardly a shred of repu¬ tation, and demolishes his pills with refreshing invective. It may be worth adding that Starkey was graduated from Harvard College in 1646, practiced medicine in Boston, went to London in 1650, and died there of the plague in 1665. The Blasphemy Act of August 9, 1650, was directed largely at the Ranters. It provided a penalty of six months’ imprisonment for a first offense and banishment with prohibition of return for a second offense in affirming that acts of gross immorality were indifferent, or even positively religious. Gardiner ( History of the Commonwealth 32° CHARACTER OF A TIME-SERVING SAINT and Protectorate , I, 395) remarks that the Ranters “carried to an ex¬ treme the principle of inward conviction which was the basis of Puritanism, holding that ‘swearing, drunkenness, adultery, and theft were not sinful unless the person guilty of them apprehended them to be sod ” In the popular view, then, Ranters were believed to hold meetings for the single purpose of clothing sensual indulgence under the name of religion. That Lockier’s ballad helped to change this view is, of course, improbable. The Three Cheaters is the tune of a ballad, dating about 1660, in the Earl of Crawford’s Collection, No. 314, but I have found no further information about it. 321 CAVALIER AND PURITAN ®Ije iER <0f 8 ®tme=getbtttg ®be Ui’pocrttc attatomijelr, anl) tljorotult; tuSSccteti. To the Tune of the three Cheaters. 1 The Heavens do frown, the earth doth groan, To hear the poor man make his moan: The God of love doth hear the cry Of the poor Widowes misery; And eke the fatherlesse complaint Which they make of the formall Saint : 2 For they advance themselves in pride, And care not what to th’ poor betide, And all that hold community,1 By them as Ranters counted be. But mark me well, and then you’l say, No greater Ranters live then they. 3 To feed the hungry, and naked cloath, It is a work they much do loath. They deck themselves in brave attire, Whilst poor go wetshod in the mire. With laces brave themselves they paint, An ornament fit for a Saint. 4 Fine Holland under Cipresse black About their neck and down their back : Whether it be for warmth or pride, I know it’s easie to decide. But all this while the poor do want That which is wasted by the Saint. 1 Text commnnity. 322 CHARACTER OF A TIME-SERVING SAINT 5 You gentle Taylors, that would see The newest fashions which there be ; Do but the meeting place frequent, And then you shall have full content. For of new fashions there’s no want, They are so lookt for by the Saint. 6 You Shoe-makers, which are compleat, And fain would fit a foot most neat, Unto the Saints assembly go, For a high heel, and a long toe, Although the poor mans foot go bare, New fashion’d shoes the Saints will weare. 7 Next unto you I shall repeat Their superfluity at meat, How they must have rost, bake’d and sod, As if their belly were their God. Preserves and sweet-meats they’l not want; O blessed thing to be a Saint ! 8 Their Jack must run, their Pot must boyl, Their Cook-maid she must sweat and broyl ; On their Lords-Day she’s made a slave, That they their dainty cheer may have, Whilst fatherlesse and hunger faint, Such care is had to feed a Saint. 9 Whilest they are in the Church, and pray, The poor man in the porch doth lay; Having no house to hide his head, Nothing but straw to make his bed; And he in vain doth make complaint; For there’s no pitie in the Saint. 323 CAVALIER AND PURITAN 10 Now all that know what Ranting means, Must needs confesse it is those sins, When one riotously hath spent That which his fellow-creatures want; But this the Saints are frequent in, And guilty of that Ranting sin. 1 1 Now if you think me much too blame, I shall not spare to write my name ; I will not bring my self in thrall ; Men do me Lionel Lockier call; Others by the name of Rant , Such holy words flow from the Saint. 324 46 A catch A pretty example (without a title) of John Crouch’s skill in com¬ posing or in selecting songs for the amusement and pleasure of his readers. It appeared in his Mercurius Democritus , June 8—16, 1652, p. 84. I do not know the tune. On Crouch’s activities cf. pp. 58 If. [3 Catcl).] The tune is, Hold thy nose to the -pot Tom , Tom. 1 Bring your Lads and your Lasses along Boyes, Wed traverse the ground with a Song Boyes; Weed sup with delight, and weed shorten the night, And our mirth shall do no body wrong Boyes. 2 We will sing, we will sport, and weed play boyes, All the night long till Jt be day boyes ; Then home with our Lasses, and drink wine in glasses, And honestly for it weed pay boyes. 3 Then to the green Woods weed repair boyes, With our Lasses that looketh so fair boyes ; Weed dance it and trip it, and merrily clip it; And shorten the houres and dayes boyes. 3^5 47 Christmas carol This pretty carol was printed in Mercurius Democritus , December 8—16, 1652, pp. 286—288. W. C. Hazlitt printed a version of it “from an Ashmolean MS.” in his Inedited Poetical Miscellanies . The MS., which he did not specify, is Ashmole 36, fol. 25: the music for the carol is also pricked there. A book of Christmas Carroles was registered at Stationers’ Hall on March 27, 1652 (Eyre’s Transcript , I, 393). Evidently the legal restrictions on Christmas festivities did not affect the popularity of carols or the demand for them. There is in the Bodleian (Wood 110 (2)) a much earlier collection, dated 1642, called Good and True , Fresh and Nezv Christmas Carols that contains several songs of almost equal merit to the present carol. 326 CHRISTMAS CAROL Cljrtetmas&e Carroll. 1 Beat up a Drum, For Winter reignes, And from the Plaines He drives the Swaines, And still maintaines The Title of a King. 2 Christmas is come a Champion bold, Though very cold, He vowes to hold, His Honour old, In spight of youthfull Spring. 3 Fire your Beacons, Whet your Weapons, Kill your Capons, and fall on; As it fitts. Use your Spitts, Winter lyes a bleeding, When he findes you feeding, all his force is gone. 4 Christmas early, Sounds a Parley, Juice of Barley, Crownes the Bowie: Make him cough, Cut him off, That derides a Drinker, When so brave a Skinker, trouis without controwl. 3^7 CAVALIER AND PURITAN 5 Arme, Arm, Arme, Behold thy foe, From top to toe, In Ice and Snow, Doth puff and blow, his fury to provoke : Dreadless of harme, Draw Hogsheads dry, Let Flagons fly, Make fires nose-hye, Aloud cry, and let the Chimney smoak. 6 Soundly warme him, That will charme him; Then disarme him, he obeyes; Now he flyes, Now he dyes, The Retreat is sounded, Winter is confounded, Christmas hath the day : 7 All renown him, That have known him, Conquest crowne him, ’tis his due : Make your Chear, Once a year; For his sake amend it, And now this old year’s ended, frolick for a New. 328 48 The Salisbury assizes Manchester, I, 47, B. L., four columns, three woodcuts. The sheet is badly mutilated, and the colophon entirely torn away except for the word “Lon — ” (London). Missing words and letters are supplied in square brackets. Mrs. Anne Bodenham, of Fisherton Anger, Wiltshire, was the subject of various pamphlets. One, an elaborate forty-four-page account, is called Doctor Lamb Revived , Or, Witchcraft condemn' d In Anne Bodenham A Servant of his ... by Edmond Bower an eye and ear Witness of her Examination and Confession (July 18, 1653). Another, a pamphlet of eight pages, gives little more information than is contained in its verbose title: Doctor Lamb's Darling : OR , Strange and terrible News from Salisbury ; Being A true , exact , and perfect Relation , of the great and wonderful Contract and Engage¬ ment made between the Devil , and Mistris Anne Bodenham ; with the manner how she could transform her self into the shape of a Mastive Dog , a black Lyony a white Bear , a Woolf , a Bully and a Cat ; and by her Charms and Spels , send either man or woman 40 miles an hour in the Ayr. The Tryal , Examination , and Confession of the said Mistris Bodenham , before the Lord chief Baron Wild , & the Sentence of Death pronounc' d against hery for bewitching of An Stiles , and forcing her to write her Name in the Devils Book with her own blood ; so that for five dayes she lay in cruel and bitter Torments ; somtimes the Devil ap fearing all in black without a heady renting her cloathsy tearing her skiny and tossing her up and down the chamber , to the great astonishment of the Spectators (July 23, 1653). The refrain of the ballad is a paraphrase of certain words that were attributed to Mrs. Bodenham. Quoting from Dr. Lamb's Darlingy p. 4: “The maid [Anne Stiles] coming again . . . asked her whether she approved of her journey for London ; the Witch re¬ plied, Wilt thou go to London high or low? To which the maid answered, What do you mean by that? She said, If you will go on 329 CAVALIER AND PURITAN highy you shall be carry ed to London in the Air, and be there in two honrs \sic\ ; but if you go a low, you shall be taken at Sutton towns end ” Edmond Bower declares that the witch promised him to make a full confession at the gallows. Arriving there, however, “she went immediately to goe up the Ladder, but she was pulled back again and restrained: I then pressed her to confesse what she promised me she would, now before she dyed, but she refused to say any thing. Being asked whether she desired the prayers of any of the people, she answered, she had as many prayers already as she intended, and desired to have, but cursed those that detained her from her death, and was importunate to goe up the Ladder, but was restrained for a while, to see whether she would confesse any thing, but would not; they then let her goe up the Ladder, and when the rope was about her neck, she went to turn her self off, but the Executioner stayed her, and desired her to forgive him: She replyed, Forgive thee? A pox on thee, turn me off; which were the last words she spake.” Contemporary news-books devoted much space to Mrs. Bodenham’s alleged crimes and to her punishment, and she is discussed at length in William Drage’s Daimonomageia (1665). For a modern study of her case see Professor Wallace Notestein’s History of Witchcraft in England, 1911, pp. 210—213. Mr. Notestein concludes that “there is no finer instance of womanly courage in the annals of witchcraft than that of Anne Bodenham.” On the tune (cf. No. 22), which is apparently unknown, see the notes in my Pefysian Garland, p. 283. For a ballad on the conjurer Dr. John Lamb (f 1628), whose follower Mrs. Bodenham was thought to be, see the same work, pp. 276 ff. 330 THE SALISBURY ASSIZES [®be i?al]t£i{mrp Stores. [OT€3k, Co tljc game Ctrne. 9 No Man LOVES fiery Passions can resist, who overvalues Pleasures or Promotion, I hate luke-warmness in a Worthyist,2 it is as bad in LOVE, as in Devotion. 10 You that pretend to" have a Love-sound Heart, yet do despise the sacred Powers of LOVE, May know there’s more have fall’n by Cupids Dart, then by the dreadfull Thunder-bolts of Jove. 1 1 Nor can you Love, or not love as you please, for Cupids Laws command the Disposition, And I have known one dye of that Disease, when he himself to others was Physition. 12 For when the little God doth shoot his dart, from the bright Eyes of Ladies that are faire, 2 Amorist ( Oxford Drollery). 3 Text to to. 350 TWO ANTAGONISTS IN LOVE The stroak is fatall, and may wound the heart of men as healthfull as you think you are. 13 Those that do dy for Love, deserve no slander; but with Loves holy Martyrdom be Crownd, Perhaps you cannot immitate Leander , for every man is not borne to be drownd. 14 You say you’ve been a Lover by Report, but never did deserve so good a name, He Loveth not, that Loves but for a sport, it is ill j easting with a sacred flame. 15 Long may you live, and Love, but when you dye, Lovers upon your loathed graves4 shall spitt: And all true Loving Hearts shall say you lye, to try your Courage as you did your Witt. 4 Read grave. 35i 53 A catch This pretty catch was printed in Mcrcurius Fumigosus , December 6-1 3, 1654, p. 241. It is worthy of preservation. Unquestionably the catches and songs that Crouch published added to the popularity of his news-books. They ought to keep his name alive now. Wfytxt tnere a Company of goob felloto tfje last toeefe a£ they toere £ably merry, in tfjetr Cup£, tjjey to paste atoay a Winters morning, in a bumb boice mabe tbi£ mournful! Jfleloby following, ®be Catcb* 1 A Charm against Cold, Frost, Ice, and Snow, hail, rain, and stormy weather, Shall make the cold winde his own Nails go blow, till we are merry together. 2 Bring forth good cheer, Tap your Christmas beer, and make a Rowsing fire, With friendship and joy conclude the old yeere, for then the New one is nigher. 3 Musick strike up, unto this Crowned Cup, true hearts we will remember, And he that denies to turn his Liqour up, weed end him with 'December. 35^ A CATCH Chorus. ’Tis Sack, rich Sack, that can no Treason smother, Wine opens the breast, And gives our cares rest, And makes us to love one another. 353 54 Lady Pecunia s journey 669. f. 17 (75), roman and italic type, three columns, two woodcuts. Over the first cut — which represents Lady Pecunia, mounted on a peacock, riding into a flaming hell presided over by a devil with horns, tail, and pitchfork — is printed. I, Lady Pecunia, Mistress of the Mint , Am riding unto hell all in a Print. Over the second — which represents twelve satyrs holding hands and dancing in a circle — is the legend, “The Fiends dance for joy Pecunia's banisht.” Thomason’s date is January 30, 1654. Crouch evidently considered himself a poet, so that his comments on the pecuniary rewards that come to poets are interesting. “A rich Poet who did ever see?” he inquires, and presumably he himself was no exception to the statement (cf. p. 11 3). “Lady Pecunia’s Journey” is not a bad satire, as satires of the period go. Probably it had no ulterior motive, though in a few of the lines some political significance may be hidden. So Murder’s speech of trampling on crowns with bloody hands and feet, and Pride’s boast that he advances “the Peasant to the throne” and pulls him down “if Ambition render him a Crowne,” can hardly have been written without thought of Charles I and Cromwell. Perhaps the subject of this broadsheet was suggested to Crouch by Richard Barnfield’s Lady Pecunia , or the Praise of Money (1598). On Crouch himself see the introduction to No. 12. 354 LADY PECUNIA’S JOURNEY ®l )t Habp JlM'ib Hlournep unto Hell, tottf) ter Speed) to Pluto, maintaining tfjat sfje senbs more Joules to Hell tfjen all In* Jflenbs: Mill) Pluto s answer anb applause* I Lady Pccunia, Miftrefs of the Mint , %Am riding unto hell all m a print . l Great Pluto, Prince of hell, I come to thee, To give account what hath been done by mee : When all your Fiends (great Pluto) did small good In bringing soules to Hell, I understood, I sent you thousands, who my wayes then trod, That honour’d me, as I had been their God ; Forgot their prayers, neglected their owne soules, And all for love of me, poore simple fooles! And many of them too (such is their case) 355 CAVALIER AND PURITAN 10 They cannot rest untill they see my face; Nay, when they are in bed, so kinde they bee, They cannot sleep for thinking then of me. The Clergy mourns, my absence oft doth grieve ’em, Till I come double handed to relieve ’em. Which of your Fiends can do more feats than I? I can foole Conscience, make the guiltless die, Pull Justice from her seat, and free the guilty, Make the impure seem pure, though ne’re so filthy. The Lawyer will not plead the Subjects case, 20 Without he sees Lady PECUNIA’S face: Such is their love to me, and such my might, That when a cause is bad, I make it right. The Judge himselfe doth know I speak but truth; For I have made them Knaves, even from their youth : Nay, many mortals are such simple Elves, That for my sake they will forswear themselves, Damn their owne soules, and all for love of me, So over loving, and so kinde they be. The great Church of S. Pauls, lie have it down, 30 Though it were once a place of great renown, The wood, the lead, the stones, which some count trash, In time may yield the Common-wealth some cash : Kings cannot war, nor make their foes afraid, Nor make their swords drink bloud without my aid. I can bewitch the Prudent, spoyle Devotion, 356 LADY PECUNIA’S JOURNEY With promise of some wealth, and high pro¬ motion, I mine Towns, and make the slave rebell, And after send the Rebels souls to hell. Some think the Poet for applause doth sing, 40 When for my sake he undertakes this thing; A Cup of Sack doth make his spirits glad, But without me there’s no Sack to be had: Of all men living he cares least for mee, For a rich Poet who did ever see? My silver hooke can never bring him in, Though many years about it I have bin: I have lookt here about me pritty well. Yet I can see no Poets here in hell. And so great Lord I have no more to say, Jo All living men but Poets me obey. 'Pluto' s Answer. Lady, quoth Pluto, I do honour thee, For sending of so many souls to mee; Thou shalt be call’d the Lady of the Earth, As I was Prince of th’ Aire before thv birth: * Though thou canst do but little good in hell, Send souls to me, and that shall do as well. With that there was a fearfull noyse in hell, The hellish fiends began for to rebell, ’Cause Pluto took Lady PECUNIA’S part, 60 His subjects from their loyalty did start, The hellish fiends at him exceptions took; Murther spoke first with fearfull angry look: Shall I (quoth Murther) slighted be, great Lord, Who have destroyd so man)/ by the sword ? 357 CAVALIER AND PURITAN How many men have I made, for your good, Most barbarously to shed each others bloud? Have I not made the brother kill the brother, The little infant murther’d by the mother? Have I not made the man to kill the wife, 70 And made the woman end the husbands life? What mischiefe have I left undone in Towns? With bloudy hands and feet trampled on Crowns. Tell me what mischiefe I have left undone To advance you: and will you dote upon, And honour this great Lady ’bove us all, Who to raise you do make so many fall? Brother Revenge, now speak, is this not true? How many men have fain by me and you? Then came Revenge with hands all dipt in bloud, 80 And said, great Prince, if it be understood, Murther and I have done best service now, To inlarge hell under command of you : How many duels have I made men fight, And kill each other in revenge and spite? 358 LADY PECUNIA’S JOURNEY How many women have I Witches made, And to revenge their cause lent them my aid4? What is’t but I can doe4? you know it well, I have brought thousands to the pit of hell. Nay then quoth Lust, I pray let me come in, 90 For I have made more men and women sin Then either of you both: you kill and slay; But I bring souls to hell an easie way : I tempt men from the Dunghill to the Crown, And bring them unto hell in beds of down ; I lull them so asleep with pleasures rare, Till they’r in hell they know not where they are: I tempt the wanton woman day by day ; The idle man can hardly say me nay: I with provoking meats can please their pallats, 100 And strengthen nature with voluptuous sallats: My name is Lust; Jtis I can doe these things, And with faire Maids deceive the greatest Kings. You see (great Prince) by what is here exprest, I have done more for Hell then all the rest. Thou vaporing fool, quoth Pride, ?tis I must raigne, Thou waitst on every Pander, Whore, and Queane; I rule in Princes Courts, ? tis I alone That can advance the Peasant to the throne, And if Ambition render him a Crowne, 110 We finde a way to pull the Peasant down: New fashions day by day I doe invent, To please the humorist and male content. I into Barbers shops do creep, and there Invent white powder to perfume the haire; 359 CAVALIER AND PURITAN And so with that, and such like simple toyes, I make them looke just like Millers boyes: I make the Oyster woman leave her bawling, And weare gold lace, a thing beyond her calling. Not without me quoth Money, by your leave, 120 For without me none can go fine and brave. With that the Fiends on Lady PECUNIA fell, And cast her in great fury out of Hell : And since she’s come againe, thus stands the case, She makes division still in every place. O love not Money then so well , That sends so many souls to Hell. HUMPHREY CROVVCH. LONDON, Printed for John Clarke , at the signe of the Flowre-de- luce, neare the Hospitall Gate in Smithfield, 1654. 360 55 Jack the plough-lad' s lamentation C. 20. f. 14 (26), B. L., four columns, four woodcuts. Richard Burton was a daring Royalist. Here again he has printed under his own name a cleverly disguised song which depicts the evils brought upon England by the exile of the Royal House and which loyally prays for the return of Charles II. It is difficult to see how the ballad, with its mournful but pretty refrain, “Would God that my Master would come home again,” could have been printed, much less sung in the streets of London, with impunity. In the fifth stanza is quoted the refrain of a popular ballad — “Though Canons be roaring and Bullets be flying” — that is apparently preserved only in John Forbes’s Cantus (1661, Song XXXVII), though it was quoted as early as 1625 in a play of Shirley’s. Cf. the notes on this matter given in my Pefysian Garland , p. 189. The initials T.R. are no doubt those of Thomas Robins (cf. No. 75), a writer several of whose productions are included in F. J. Child’s English and Scottish Pofular Ballads. He was probably the “T. Robins B. of D. a well wisher to the Gospel of Jesus Christ,” who in 1668 published a tract called New News from Darby-shire on the fasting maiden, Martha Taylor (Bodleian, Wood 487 (7)). Writing in 1669 a book called A Discourse ufon Prodigious Abstinence (Bodleian, Wood B 35 (26)) on this same subject, John Reynolds took pains to refer to “Mr. Robins B. of D. that is, Ballad-maker of Darby , whose Ballad (they say) doth much excell his Book” (cf. Harleian Miscel¬ lany , 1809, IV, 57, and my article on “Miraculous Fasts” in the Journal of American Folk-Lore , 1921, XXXIV, 372 f.). I do not know the tune. 361 CAVALIER AND PURITAN JACK tf je mon^-lLa^ LAMENTATION: His Master has forsaken the Plough and the Cart , Which grieves poor IACK unto the heart , For night and day he doth sorely complain , And doth wish that his Master would come home again. To the Tune of, Prentices fuddle no more. 1 Gentlemen , Gentlemen , listen to my Ditty, and a prety new story I to you will sing, No harm I do mean to Town nor to City; But I wish us good tydings to come this Spring: Or he that has most will soon have but little. Poor England is gotten to such a mad strain, Rich jack with poor Gill may walk to the Spittle f To pray for good tydings to come o're the main . 2 For I am a poore Plough-lad , and in great distresse My Master is gone alas ! what shall I do, And I a poor Servant here sorely opprest, Great loads and taxations I am brought unto; Yet on ’t I live2 well as many can tell, My land in good [ til ] lage3 my self to maintain; Now every . . . .un3 threatens4 me for to pillage, But 1 would that tny Master would come home again. 3 Gentlemen , Gentlemen , I could well think on it, If that my Master would come home again, Though it may be there is some would look sadly on it, Yet he that is honest would never complain: 1 Period. ' on’t, live: text ou’t, livy. 3 Torn. Perhaps villun. * Text threateus. 362 JACK THE PLOUGH-LAD’S LAMENTATION A Servant thats true,0 his joys would renew;6 But he that is rotten be sure would complain, But if it were faulty, it were best to be packing/ If that my Master should come home again . 4 Countrey-man , C untrey -man , that hears my Ditty , Lissen unto me, mark what I shall say, Ther’s no honest man in Town nor in Citty, But if he be bound then he must obey: His gold and his money he must not spare, The Cause of poor England for to maintain, And the weeping-crosse may fall to his share, But 1 would that my Master would come home again. 5 Y eomandry, Y eomandry, to you I call, Lissen unto me as well as the rest; Your lands and your livings be they great or small, Your fortune’s to pay here as well as the rest: Though Canons be roaring, and Bullets be flying, And legs and Armes doth fly in the main, Men still must stand to it and never fear dying. But I would that my master would come home again I Cfje geconb part, Co tfje game Cune. 6 And as for us Plough-men as well as the rest, Much sorrow comes to us : yet for us now pray , We do not withstand, but must pay with the best, If for it we work, I say, both night and day: E Text trne. 6 Text renew. 7 Period. 8 Text omits again. 363 CAVALIER AND PURITAN To the Plough and Cart with a heavy heart, To stir up our ground, and to save our Grain; So small is our share that fals to our part, Would God that my Master would come home again. 7 Thus like to the Ant and the painful Bee , We labor and toyl all the days of our life, Though small to be got, we must give a great fee, Nay, I could say more, but I love no strife: Yet few there be, but may understand The truth of my Ditty why I do complain : Yet I wish true Peace would pity this Land, Would God that my Master would come ho7ne again d 8 And now for all Trades-men that lives in the City, I wish you good fortune as well as the rest ; I pray you consider well of this my Ditty, And then10 you may see who is the most opprest : For we with hard labor our money do get, With toyling and moyling in sorrow and pain, No sooner we have it but from us it’s11 fet. But I would that my Master would come home again. 9 O my Master is gone, and my Mistris too, And I am despised by every Clown. My sorrows increase, alas ! what shall I do, No pleasure I hnde in City nor Town: 11 Text irs. 364 0 Comma. T ext th [ ] n. JACK THE PLOUGH-LAD’S LAMENTATION For I do lament, and sorely repent, The losse of my Master it will be my bane.12 Though some do rejoyce, I am discontent.12 Would God that my Master would come home again, 10 And now to conclude, and end this my Ditty, The truth of my minde I here have made known, All honest Plough-men in Town or in City, May well understand why I make this mone : For my Master is fled, and Love banished, Small truth in this world I see for to rain, No pleasure I find at bed13 nor at boord,14 Vntil that my Master doth come home again , T.R, LONDON , Printed for Richard Burton, 1654. No period. 14 Read at boord nor at bed. 365 12 13 Text beo. and maids C. 20. f. 14 (24), B. L., four columns, three cuts. This ballad-news-story is far superior to the account given in con¬ temporary news-books. The speeches attributed to Abigail Norris and the brewer are no doubt apocryphal, and the homiletic strain of the ballad is to an extent superfluous. Nevertheless this sheet gives a good account of a gruesome accident, and tells facts about the persons in¬ volved in almost modern style. In comparison with it, the brief account printed in the Weekly Intelligencer for January 9—17, 1655, p. 152, is almost valueless: At a Brewhouse not far from Morefelds one of the Brewers men was kissing, and playing the wanton with a Maid that came for some smal Wort, and suddenly both of them fel into the Vessel, and were both scalded to death. In Thomas Beard’s Theatre of God's Judgments (1642 ed., p. 420) there is a similar story of an Ipswich brewer’s two servants who “fell into a scalding Caldron backwards; whereof the one died presently, the other lingringly, and painfully” — a story that is interpreted as a warning against drunkenness. No such warning appears in the ballad, though in stanza 14 a sorrowful word is given to the outlawed Book of Common Prayer. This beautiful Book had been suppressed by the Assembly of Divines in 1644 and a Directory (cf. p. 24, above) substituted. . The appropriately named tune, which dates back to the days of Queen Elizabeth, is given in Chappell’s Pofular Music , I, 197. 366 A LOOKING-GLASS FOR MEN AND MAIDS 3 Hooking-glasse for §9oung=tnen anti jftlaibs: JSleing a bttefe anti true fetation of a Sat) ant) Sorrobafull mis-cfjance, tobtcb bappmeb to a Poung-man anb a Jfflaib tnfjo both lost their libes, anb baere Scalbeb to beat!) in a JUretoers jffleasfj-fKun, truth strtbing about a kisse: this baas bone upon ®toelftb=bap last, neere unto Shore-ditch , in tfje Suburbs ot London ;t\)t manner bob), shall presently be relateb. j&ete is also set boban the time bob) long tbep libeb after tbep boere taken out of tbe scalbing Hiquor, anb of a berp goblp speech tnbicb the jfflaib mabe at the boure of beatb, to bicb is boortbp to be kept in memorp.1 The tune is, the Brides Buriall: 1 A Sudden sad2 mis-chance, neere Sho or e-ditch late befell. Which now with grieved heart & mind I am prepar’d to tell : Even on the last Twelfth-day , being in the afternoone, Within a Brew-house certainly there was this mischiefe done : 2 The manner how was this, a Maid to3 th’ Brew-house came To fetch hot Liquor for to use, and streight upon the same The Miller being there, laid hands upon the Maid, Intending for to kisse her then, and would not be denay’d : 1 Comma. 2 Text Suddensad. 3 T ext to’ . 367 CAVALIER AND PURITAN 3 The Maid unwilling was that he should kisse her there, She thrust him back with both her hands as plainly doth appeare : But he poore wretched man laid hold on her againe, And swore, before he let her goe he would a kisse obtaine. 4 But as they strugled and strived : so fiercely one with the other, Their Feet did slip, and so fell in the Meash-Tun both together Where scalding Liquor was, a grievous tale to tell, They of each other had fast hold, and head-long in they fell.4 5 The Liquor was so hot, and scalded them sore, The like I think was never known nor heard of here-to-fore : At last some people came and helpt them out by strength, And by that means, they puld from them their garments off at length. 6 A wofull chance it was, as ever could befall, For as they stript their clothing off, they pul’d off skin and all : 4 Text frll, {sic). 368 A LOOKING-GLASS FOR MEN AND MAIDS From bellyes, backs, and sides, and from their private parts, Which was a sorrowfulF sight to see, and terror to Folks hearts. 7 The people did their best, the lives of them to save. But all (alas) it was in vaine, no cure that they could have : For why? the wofull man did in a short time dye, The Maid sore sick upon her bed, a longer time did lye. Cfje geconb part to tf je game Cun e. 8 But e’re she did depart she for her True-love sent, Who being come into her roome, she praid him be content : You are the man, quoth she, which I did dearly love, And have as faithfull bin to you, as is the Turtle-Dove: 9 When you a promise made that wee should married be, This Ring and Bodkin both in love you did bestow on me : * The which in courtesie from you I did receive, 5 Text wus a sorrowfnll. 369 CAVALIER AND PURITAN And now with willing mind againe the same to you I give : 10 Still wishing you good dayes; whilst you have breath and life. I doe bequeath these things to her that you will take to Wife: All that I doe request, of you this present day, Is only, whilst I am alive, for my poore Soule to pray.0 1 1 And you my Mother deare, and all my friends so kind, I am enforc’d to leave this World, and leave you all behind: I have made my peace with God, the mighty Lord of Heaven, And this I hope through Iesus Christ my sinnes shall be forgiven. 12 My body scalding hot, like fire doth boyle and fry. Sweet Christ I pray receive my Soule although my body dye : When she these words had spoke, her woes were soone releast, She dy’d, no doubt, her Soule is now with them whom God hath blest. 13 The Miller he likewise, e’re he resign’d his breath,7 8 Comma. 7 Period. 37o A LOOKING-GLASS FOR MEN AND MAIDS Askt God forgivenesse, for his own, and her untimely death: Advising all Young-men8 to have a speciall care Of rash attempts, and by his fall, for ever to beware : 14 And to conclude, in briefe. I wish that all man-kind What-so-ever they doe goe about, to have God in their mind : The Booke of Common-Prayer, though it be laid aside, Yet every Christian ought to pray that God may be our guide.9 15 From Famine, Plague, & Pestilence, preserve us great and small, And from thy wrath, and suddaine death good Lord deliver us all.9 Take notice of this, how that the Maid that was so un¬ fortunately scalded to death, her name was Abigail Noris , and had it pleas’d God to have spar’d her life, she was to have bin married the next week following to one Jeremy Kemp of Old-street. The Brewers Miller which was scalded with her dyed before her, and was buried in Bishops-gate Parish; she dyed after him and was buried at Shoore-ditch , whose death was much lamented.10 London, Printed for Tho: Vere, at the sign of the Angel, without New-gate.11 8 Text Yonng-men. 9 Comma. 10 No period. 11 Colon. 37i 57 Strange and wonderful news C. 20. f. 14 (28), B. L., four columns, three woodcuts. The date of the ballad is February, 165 5, as appears from the fact that the story is summarized (probably from the ballad itself) in Mercurius Fumigosus , for February 14—21, 1655, p. 298: At Ratliffe the last week happened an exceeding strange Accident, where a Sea-mans Wife lying in, there came a seeming Gentleman all in black to speak with her, telling the Nurse, that his businesse much concernd her, who going up, told her Mistriss, who willed her presently to let him come up (as if she under¬ stood his business, and desiring some visitants to withdraw from her into another Chamber, where a little while after, they hearing a great shreik, entred her Chamber, finding the man vanished, and the Woman lying torn in Pieces, with her head in one place, and her Quarters in another: This is generally reported for a certain truth; and methinks should be a great terrour to Women, that never were more Proud or unfaithfull to God or their Husbands, then in these ranting , roaring and most disloyall times, that the Devill is let loose to work mischief. On Crouch’s fondness for summarizing ballads in his news-books cf. my comments on pp. 61—62. A similar story was told about Mrs. Margaret Cooper in A true and most Dread full discourse of a woman ; possessed with the Deuill: who in the likeness e of a headlesse Beare fetched her out of her Bedd , and . . . most straungely roulled her thorow three Chambers , and doune a high faire of staiers , on the fower and twentie of May last . 1584. At Dichet in Somersetshire , and is retold in John Trundle’s 1614 pamphlet, A Miracle of Miracles. Laurence Price, the author of the ballad, says that the equal of this bargain has not been known since Dr. Faustus’s time. Nevertheless, if news-books and ballads are to be trusted, the Devil was exceptionally active and successful during the interregnum. For example, Mercurius Fumigosus , August 4—1 1, 1652, p. 149, speaks of “One Mrs. Atkins of Warwick [who] was this week strangely carried away by a Divel.” A Perfect Account of the Daily Intelligence and other news-books tell, 372 STRANGE AND WONDERFUL NEWS on April 24, 1655, of a woman dwelling at “Fan Alley at the upper end of Aldersgate street . . . who said she had given her soul to the Devil, and that he was to fetch her away on a certain day the next moneth.” Mercurius Fumigosus , November 15—22, 1654, remarks that “This week 20 Usurers, and 60 Broakers have contracted with the Devil for the mortgage of their souls, binding themselves punctually to keep Covenants with him to a Day, or else quietly to permit him to take the forfeitures thereof.” See JeafFreson’s Middlesex County Records , III, 88 (April 20, 1643), for a True Bill against Thomas Browne, yeoman, charging him with having sold himself to Satan with a formal, written contract. There were, furthermore, witches out of number who emulated (or were accused of emulating) Browne. The heroine of the present ballad could well have agreed with Mercurius Democritus (December 16—22, 1652, p. 295) — But Oh! our Seaman’s Wives! alas poor souls! they may even sing the Song, After sweet -pleasure comes sorrow and paine . For the tune see No. 59. 373 CAVALIER AND PURITAN strange anti toonberfulf netos of a tooman tofnd) Htbeb neeruntotbejfamous Cftp of Honbon, tobo fjati tier beab torn off from tjer fBobp bp tfje ®tbell ; anb fjet' fpmbs rent in petces anti scattereb about in tfje room tofjere tfje mis- cfjicf bias bone, totncb map Serbe to foretoarn all proub anb btslopall men anb toomen, to tjabe a tare ijob> tfjep befjabe tbemselbes, tobifst tfjep libe in tbts sinfull toorlb, tjjat tfjep faff not into tfje like temptations. fEfje manner fjoto sfjee mabe bet bargain tantb tbe ®tbfl, sfjee contest to Some of ber JleigbborS before bet beatb. The Tune is Summer time. 1 Dear Lord what sad & sorrowfull times, are those the which wee now live in When men and women takes a pride, presumptuously to run in sin. 2 The Divill doth like a Lyon go, and strives with all his might and power, Of us to get the victory, our Soules and Bodies to devoure. 3 And where that hee can overcome, and bring the people to his lure, They are sure in processe of time, much miseries for to indure. 4 As this Relation shall make known,1 which now I am prepar’d to tell, Concerning a proud woman which, did near the City of London dwel. 1 Period. 374 STRANGE AND WONDERFUL NEWS 5 Which womans husband hee is gone, beyond the Seas as it is said, And left his wife in England here, who long time lived without a guide. 6 Her Husband when hee went from her, left means and mony to maintain, As hee suppos’d sufficiently his Wife till hee return’d again. 7 But shee being wild and wilfull given, and also of a haughty mind, To Mallice, Hatred Lust and Pride, and wantonnesse shee was inclyn’d. 8 And in short time shee wasted had, the best part of her means away. Her mony was spent and all her state, was like to go unto decay. 9 Where at shee fell into despair, and vext her self most grievously, And walking by her self one day, unseen of any company,2 10 The Divil himself to her appear’d, ith’ likenesse of a tall black man, And afterwards with tempting words, to talk to her hee thus began. 2 Period. 375 CAVALIER AND PURITAN Cfje aecottb part, to tfje Same Cune. 11 If thou quoth hee wilt yeild to mee, and do as I would have thee do, Thou shalt have all things at command, As Riches Gold and Silver too. 12 Now to be brief the Devil and Her, a bargin made at that same time, The like was never done on earth, Since Docter Faustus cursed crime. 13 The Woman being then with child, made bargin that the Divill should have, Her Soul when shee was brought to bed, so shee might at her pleasure live. 14 What things soever shee desir’d, to which the feind full soon agreed, So hee might Soul and body have, after shee was delivered. 15 The Covenant was between them made, the Woman seal’d it with her blood, And afterwards shee had her will and did whatever shee thought good. 16 Shee eate, shee drank, and merry was, and had of gold and silver store, She company was for the rich, and dealt her almes unto the poor. 17 At last her painfull houre drew nigh that shee must needs delivered be, 376 STRANGE AND WONDERFUL NEWS Shee sent for women with all speed, to help her in her misery. 18 The Devill then streight came to the door like to a tall man all in black, The servant maid came neer to him, and asked him what hee did lack.3 19 Tis with your Mistris I must speak,4 the Divil again to her replyd, Go tell her again it must be so, I can nor will not be denyd. 20 By the time that the Maid came up, her Mistris was delivered, And of a man Child in her room, shee was most safely brought to bed. 21 O now good women then quoth shee, my sorrows do a fresh beginne, Wherefore I pray you to depart, the room the which you now are in. 22 Then from the room the women went, forthwith from her imediatly, And went into another place, whereas they heard a dolefull cry. 23 Her head was from her body torn, her lymbs about the room did ly, The blood run all about the place, as many folks can testify. 3 Perhaps a stanza was inadvertently omitted here. 377 4 Period. CAVALIER AND PURITAN It seems the Devill his bargin had, wherefore I wish that one and all, To have a care of what they do, and to take warning by her fall. jftms. L.P. London Printed for Fran. Grove on Snow-hill. 378 A warning for all wicked livers Manchester, I, 32, B. L., four columns, one woodcut. The ballad is badly mutilated, several stanzas of the second part being torn away. As far as possible, the text is restored between square brackets. It is a not wholly uninteresting work by Laurence Price, whose authorship makes it worth reprinting. Price kept up the old traditions of balladry, even in the midst of the havoc wrought by civil war and the abolition of Royalty. I have seen in The Faithful Scout for March 30— April 4, 1655, a news-item dealing with the hanging of Richard Whitfield, a fencer, on March 25 (sic), but cannot find any further account of Gibs. The tune of Ned Smith is equivalent to Dainty , come thou to me, on which see Chappell’s Popular Music, II, 517. 379 CAVALIER AND PURITAN & Klarning for all toicfeeb libers. JBy tfje example of Richard Whitfield , anil JR. Gibs t»f)0 toere lino notorious offenbets, anli boll) of one company, tofuch ttoo men mabe a bail? practise, anb got their tibings by robbing anb Stealing bolt) on tfjc ©igtytoays, anb in any other places Inhere they came, but toere at last tafeen, nppreljenbeb anb conbemneb to bye, for robbing of a Coach, &murbering of a Captains man at g>hooterS=?|il, in lent, some fibe or six miles from lonbon, anb for that offence anb others, Gibs toas prest to beath at JtlaibStone in lent, anb Whitfield toaS hangeb in chains on ^hooters = SMI, Inhere he bib the blooby beeb, the 27th. of JRarch, 1655. dje manner hoto shall be exactly relateb in this 13 i tty. The Tune is, Ned Smith. 380 A WARNING FOR ALL WICKED LIVERS 1 Of two notorious Theeves, my purpose is to tell, Which near fair London Town long time did live and dwell. 2 One of their names was Gibs , a Villain vile and base The other Dick Whitfield call’d, who ran a wicked race. 3 To rob to theeve and steal, these couple gave their mind, And unto murder men, they daily were inclin’d. 4 So stout and bold they were that they durst fight with ten, And rob them on the way though they were lusty men. 5 Sometimes they would disguise themselves in strange attire, And to do mischief still, was all they did desire. 6 Sometimes about the fields they would walk in the night And use much cruelty to them that they did meet. 7 A man could hardly pass1 the fields at ten a clock, 381 1 Period. CAVALIER AND PURITAN But they would be sure to have, the cloak from off his back. 8 Or if he had no cloak they would his money take, Of what they went about they did no conscience make. 9 If they with women met when it was in the night they would strip off their cloaths and leave them naked quite. 10 Such unhumanity betwixt them did remain That by their bloody hands good Christians have been slain.2 11 [And other] robberies these bloody villains did, But theft and murder both, long time will not lie hid. 12 Sometimes they have been caught and unto New-gate sent, Yet they had mercy shown because they should repent. 13 But though the Iudges oft took pitty on those men, 2 No period. “The Second Part” began here, but those words, the woodcuts that followed them, and at least one entire stanza are torn away. 382 A WARNING FOR ALL WICKED LIVERS As soon as they got loose they would fall too’t agen.3 14 But now behold and see [w]hat happened at the last, [Though] they had scap’d through much [and] many dangers past. 15 [They m]et a gallant Coach [not fa]r from Greenwich town, [In whic]h were Gentlemen [who rode] ore Black-Heath down. 16 [Now Gi\bs and Whitfield both [addresse]d themselves to fight. . . .4 17 He askd them what they were, quoth they, we mony crave, Mony we are come for and mony we must have. 18 Their Pistols being fixt,5 their bullets they let fly The Captain drew his sword and fought couragiously. 19 And in that dangerous fight the Captains man was slain And then they robd the rest that did i’ th Coach remain. Comma. From the fourth column which begins here several verses are torn. Period. 383 CAVALIER AND PURITAN 20 And for their bloody deeds and for that robbery They after taken were and suffered certainly. 21 At Maidstone town in Kent there Gibs was prest to death, And Whitfield hangs in chains at Shooters-Hill near Black-Heath? 22 Let other wicked men, high and low, great and smal Remember and take heed by Gibs and Whitfields fall. L. P. [L]ondon Printed for F. Grove dwelling on Snow hill. period. 384 59 massacre C. 20. f. 14 (20), B. L., four columns, five woodcuts. The Protestant Vaudois had in January, 1655, been ordered by Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy, to leave the country or to embrace the Roman Catholic religion. They refused to comply, and a general massacre was planned and executed on them with revolting cruelty. The massacre aroused enormous interest in England. News- books vied with one another in publishing gruesome accounts. There is, for example, a detailed “List of some Particulers of the late Bar¬ barous Cruelties of the Marquisse de Piannasse , with the Monks, Priests, and other Papists on the Protestants of Savoy’5 in Perfect Pro¬ ceedings of State A fairs for June 7—13, which, like the stories given in The Faithful Scout for June 8—15 and A Perfect Account of the Daily Intelligence for June 13—20, supports the ballad in every par¬ ticular. From some such news-book the ballad was probably sum¬ marized. Milton’s noble sonnet “On the Late Massacre in the Pied¬ mont” may profitably be compared with this journalistic rhyme to see how poetry differs from balladry. But as the aim and the audience of the ballad-writer were far different from Milton’s, the comparison is not wholly fair. The tune of My [not The\ bleeding heart comes from the first line of Martin Parker’s “A Warning to All Lewd Livers. To the tune of Sir Andrew Barton ” ( Roxburghe Ballads , III, 23). The two tunes were identical (or at least interchangeable) with In summer-time (cf. Nos. 31, 57) and Come follow , my love ( Roxburghe Ballads , I, 9); and My bleeding heart is, as another ballad by Parker proves (cf. No. 6), equivalent to Maying Time. The music for Maying Time is given in Chappell’s Popular Music , I, 377, and fits the present ballad perfectly. 385 CAVALIER AND PURITAN 9 Dteabful delation, of dje Cruel, Ploubp, anb most Snjjumane Jflabbacrc anb Jgutrberp, eommitteb on tf )c poor Protebtantb, in tfje iUomimonb of dje Bufee of Savoy, bp I) is H>oulbierb, told) borne French anb blou bp Irish jopneb together: fflfjere tfjep bebtropeb tfjoubanbb, faotfj men, toomenanb cbilbren.toitfjout merep; tearing little bucfetng infantb limb from limb before tljeir motljerb faceb, anb babljing ttjeir brainb out againbt tfje rocfeb ; anb af tertoarbb tipping up tfje hotoelb of tfje motljerb, tutting off tfjetr breabtb, anb turning tootnen tnitt) cfjilbe, anb borne Iping in, out of boreb, in tfje mibbt of hunter in frobt anb bnoto, tofjo peribfjeb bp tolb in tfje fflountainb. Cutting off tfje earb, tfjen tfje nobe, fingerb anb toeb; tfjen tfje legb, armb anb pribie memberb of men, borne being ageb abobe four* btore pearb, anb bo torturing tfjem to bead), becaube tfjep tooutb not forbade ttjeir Religion anb turn |Japibtb: tfje lifee crueltieb toere neber fenobm nor fjearb of before. ®!)e trutfj of dub sab btorp toab bent to fjib Jdigfjnebb tfje Horb protector, tofjo appointeb a general Jfast tfjrougtjout tljis Ration, anb orbereb relief to be gatfjereb, anb bent to tljobc tfjat ebcapeb tfje fjanbb of tfjebe bloubp toretcfjeb, anb are reabp to peribfj for toant, in tfje mountainb. To the Tune of. The Bleeding Heart. 1 With bleeding heart & mournful tear I am enforced to declare : A sadder story nere was told, Then here to you I will unfold. 2 Good Christians all pray listen well, Unto this news that I shall tell ; 386 A RELATION OF THE CRUEL MASSACRE The truth of which will surely make, Your very hearts with fear to quake. 3 This subject strange unto our sight, May cause lamenting day and night; Then mourn with me all you that hear, The cruelties I shall declare. 4 Under the Duke of Savoy now, There lived many Christians good; Who constantly profest the truth, And seal’d it with their precious blood. 5 Gods holy word they did obey, Which was the onely cause that they; Thus cruelly by bloudy men, Did suffer glorious Martyrdom. 6 A bloudy crew of wicked men, Both French and Irish, all in arms, Did fall upon these Christians good, Who never did them any harm. 7 But all of them were quite undone, And eke bereaved of their wealth; Some lost their limbs, and some their lives, And others they were starved to death. 8 Some others there were burn’d alive, And others tortured grievously; And others put into hot flames, ’Cause they would not their Faith deny. 387 CAVALIER AND PURITAN 9 Heaven knows how many thousands there, Of Christian people far and near; Most cruelly their lives did lose, Because the Mass they would not use. 10 Young Children that were newly born, Whose harmles harts thought no man harm Before their Mothers faces dear, They did in pieces pull and tear. 1 1 Their brains against the Rocks and stones, They dashed out, whose hideous groans, Would daunt the stoutest man with fears, And melt a flinty heart with tears. 12 To hear the cries and grievous mones, Of Mothers for their little ones ; ’Twas very sad for to behold, Yet nothing mov’d these wretches bold. 1 3 And when those Babes were dead and gon, And bloudily bereav’d of life; Those wicked wretches then began, To execute both man and wife. 14 The men they flung into the Flame, And ript up women void of shame ; And for no other cause at all, But that they would not bow and fall, 15 To Idol gods, but would profess, Their faith in Christ, and not forsake, 388 A RELATION OF THE CRUEL MASSACRE The same in any wise at all, The Popish faith up for to take. 16 And some they tyed up in trees, Binding their heads between their knees : And others they did boyl also, And of their brains made sawce thereto. 17 And men of fourscore years of age, They made the subjects of their rage; For mighty stakes did these bloud-hounds Drive through their bodies into the ground. 18 And some of them immediately, By fire were scorched grievously; And after raked and slasht with knives, Whereby they lost their precious lives. 19 The reason why this same was done, No man alive can justly tell: But sure the Actors of the same, Their bloudy hearts were void of shame. 20 Then mourn all people far and near, At this sad news which now you hear ; To doleful pity it will move, Your hearts if you the Lord do love. 2 1 Unto the Lord let’s cry and call, From Papists he would keep us all ; And from their bloudy cruel hands, To keep us safe in these our lands. 389 CAVALIER AND PURITAN 22 And let us on our bended knees, Desire of God that he would please; Both evening, morning, noon and night, To keep us from their power and might. 23 Thus have you heard a tragedy, Of woful men in misery,1 Whose faith and zeal their hearts did move, To suffer for their God above. 24 Who unto death the love did show, That unto God their hearts did owe; And with such heavenly grace they dy’de, That now in heaven they do reside. LONDON: Printed for lohn Andrews , at the White Lyon in the Old-Bayly. 165 5. 1 Period. 39° 6o A kiss of a seaman C. 20. f. 14 (16), B. L., four columns, three woodcuts. This spirited love-song is the work of Samuel Smithson (cf. No. 73), a prolific writer of ballads and chap-books. Various ballads signed with his initials (which J. W. Ebsworth interpreted as Samuel Sheppard) will be found in the Roxburgh e Ballads ; a few others occur in the Pepys and Wood Collections. Among his chap-books may be mentioned Paradoxes or Encomions in the Praise of Being Lozvsey, etc. (1653), The Figure of Nine ( ca . 1660), and The Famous History of Guy Earl of Warwick (1678). In 1656 Smithson was ranked, by an ironic author, with Laurence Price and Humphrey Crouch as one of bal¬ ladry’s “glorious three” (cf. p. 67). I have found no other reference to him. For another ballad on the delights of kissing — and it is not limited to seamen! — see No. 70. The tune comes from the refrain, Leave thee, leave thee, I’ll not leave thee, O so loath I am to leave thee, of “A Conscionable Couple. To a curious new tune; or, The Faithful Friend ” ( Roxburghe Ballads , III, 561). * 391 CAVALIER AND PURITAN & of a is>ea=man’jS Saaortfj ttoo of another. <©m tPje Jtlaibens Hopaltp. The SEA-MAN is her chosen Mate f Till Breath and Life are out of date. To the Tune of, Leave thee , &c. 1 When Venus did my mind inspire, And set my love-sick heart on fire, Young Cupid with a strict Commission, Did nurse me with his own tuition: Love’s grown so hot that I can’t it smother; A Kiss of a Sea-man' s worth two of another. 2 When first I chanc’t to be among men, I was belov’d of divers young men; 1 Period. 392 A KISS OF A SEAMAN And with a modest mild behaviour, They did intreat my love and favour : But this I learned of my mother, A Kiss of a Sea-man' s worth two of another . 3 Brave Gentlemen of rank and fashion, That live most richly in the Nation, Have woo’d and su’d, as brave as may be, That I might have been a pretty Lady. Loves fiery beams I cannot smother, A Kiss of a Sea-man' s worth two of another. 4 A many Trads-men of the City, And Citizens both wise and witty, Have sought my love and true affection (Which Cupid hath to his protection.) I learn’d this lesson of my mother, A Kiss of a Sea-man' s worth two of another . 5 A Baker, Brewer and a Weaver, All these did use their best endeavour, Rich costly gifts they did present me; But none of these could once content me : For this lie say to my own mother, A Kiss of a Sea man' s worth two of another. 6 A Goldsmith gave to me a Iewel, And said that I was too too cruel. Quoth he, Sweet-heart, do not so slight me, ’Tis thy true love that will delight me. Love’s grown so hot that I can’t it smother; A Kiss of a Sea man' s worth two of another. 393 CAVALIER AND PURITAN )t geconb iPart, GCo tfje game QEune. 7 A Mariner both true and loyal, Has prov’d my heart by constant trial, (By Cupids Dart he’s made a Free-man) And whilest I live lie love a Sea-man, Far dearer then my own dear Brother, A Kiss of a Sea-man's worth two of another . 8 As faithfully I thus have spoken, My Vows and Oaths shall not be broken; Let sun-shine, rain, hail, snow, or thunder, We two will never part asunder, Till death doth take one from the other: A Kiss of a Sea-man' s worth two of another. 9 And when my Love is on the Ocean, lie pray for him with true devotion, From rocks and sands to be defended, And Pyrates knocks that have offended : But this I learn’d of my own mother, A Kiss of a Sea-man' s worth two of another. 10 Brave Sea-men2 pass through many dangers, And somtimes sail like unknown strangers; When storms and tempests they go thorow, Then is my heart perplext with sorrow. I love my love above all other, For a Kiss of a Seaman' s worth two of another. 1 1 When winds do blow, and gusts are risen, The Main-sail, Top-sail, and the Misen, And all their tacklings brave and nimbly, 2 T ext Sea-man. 394 A KISS OF A SEAMAN They do handle very trimly : But this I learned of my mother, That a Kiss of a Seaman s worth two of another. 12 Our Sea-men they are noble fellows, And steer upon the surging billows ; Though many fools do prate and bable,3 Our English men are proved able: I will forsake both father and mother, For a Kiss of a Seaman' s worth two of another. 13 If I seven years am forc’d to tarry, With no false young man will I marry; A Sea-man hath in his possession My heart assign’d by Joves permission: Loves fiery beams I cannot smother, A Kiss of a Sea-man' s worth two of another. 14 Fair Maids that are to Love devoted, Let loyalty be still promoted, Until the world shall be dissolved : For I am absolute resolved To leave both father and my mother. For a Kiss of a Seaman' s worth two of another. s. s. LONDON: Printed for lohn Andrews, at the White Lyon in the Old-Bayly. 165 5. 3 Period. 395 No ring, , no wedding Manchester, II, 4, B. L., four columns, four woodcuts. Robert Ibbitson registered this ballad at Stationers’ Hall on March 12, 1656 (Eyre’s Transcript, II, 35). It is a pleasing ditty of some interest as stressing the obvious fact that relations between Cavaliers and Roundheads were not always hostile. John Hammond, the printer (cf. page 45), was a Roundhead; but here he presents a Cavalier maiden who lays down the law to her Roundhead suitor, successfully (so it appears) demanding a marriage ceremony in which what the suitor had called “Popish rites” are included. An American is naturally reminded of the innumerable novels of the Civil War in which a Northern man, usually an army officer, falls in love with a rebel girl from the South, marries her, and lives happily ever after. With “No Ring, No Wedding” should be compared Hudibras , III, ii, 303 f., and the ballad “To a Fair Lady weeping for her Husband committed to Prison by the Parliament,” of about the same date, that is preserved in A Collection of Loyal Songs Written against the Rump Parliament , 1731, I, 254. There we are told that the husband was imprisoned because, among other offenses, Imprimis , He was married late, With a Gold Ring unto a Dame, Would make the best of us a Mate; Witty, Pretty, Young, and Quaint, And fairer than our selves can Paint. I do not know the tune of The Parson of the Parish (which I ob¬ serve is used also in a fragmentary ballad in the Manchester Collection, II, 5 3). Obviously, however, it cannot fit both parts of the ballad. It is doubtful, too, in spite of the title, whether the maiden sings the entire second part. Stanzas 10 and 11, for example, do not harmonize with the coyness shown by the maid in her earlier speeches and, in¬ deed, seem to be intended for the young man. 396 NO RING, NO WEDDING J?o 3&tng, no Webbing; !3 tnerrp neto g>ong of tfje toootng tfjccc teas, ’©rnxt a jealous goungman, anb a Cabalier Hasse, J&e tooos (anb tooulb toeb) esfje toill Ijabe no sue!) tfjing, iHnlessie sfje map marrteb lie toitfj a 3&ing ffiabe 3aibons, anb (globes, IRoScmatp, anb JSapcS,1 Snb all things tfjat toere in fjer fore=JfatfjerS bapes. The Tune is, The Parson of the Parish. Y oung-man. l Sweet-Heart I come unto thee, hoping thy Love to win, I meane to try, thy courtisie, and thus I doe begin: If thou wilt be my Sweeting, then I will be thy Deare, What think’st of me, shall I have thee, thou pretty Cavalier. Maid. 2 Good Sir you do but mock me, your mind is nothing so, You’l speake of Love, my thoughts to prove, and then away you’l go : For if you be a Round-head, (as to me it doth appeare,) You cannot (yet,) your fancy set, upon a Cavalier. 1 Text Baves. 397 CAVALIER AND PURITAN Y oung-man. 3 Sweet-Heart I speake in earnest,2 thy beauty hath me taine, And my true-love, to thee (my Dove,) for ever shall remaine : My true affections to thee, such zealous thoughts doth beare, If thou consent, I am content, my pretty Cavalier. Maid. 4 Your Sect is bent to false-hood, and I indeed am jealous, That this is but, the shell o’ th’ Nut, though your pretence be zealous : You have no cause to blame me, but I have cause to feare, ’Twould be your sport, to winne the3 Fort, and spoyle the Cavalier. Y oung-man. 5 My dearest do not doubt me, my Heart and Tongue agree, Now Cupids Dart, hath prick’ t my Heart, I love no Lasse but thee : To morrow weed be married, then take it for no jeere, In word and deed, I am agreed, to wed my Cavalier. 3 Text thre or thee. 398 2 Text apparently earnet. NO RING, NO WEDDING Maid. 6 Sweet Sir you are too hasty, to speake of such a thing, If I should yeild, to you the Feild, where is your Wedding-Ring: Your Bride-Gloves & your Ribons with other things that were, Fit for a Bride, all things provide, lie be your Cavalier. Y oung-man. 7 These are but Ceremonies, belong to Popery, Therefore we will, not use them still but all such toyes defie: Weed hand in hand together, conjoyne (with joyfull cheare,) Few words wee’le need, lie doe the deed, with thee sweet Cavalier. ^ ®fje Seccrnb part, being tfje matben# anstoer.5 8 Sweet-Heart for thy sake, I will never make, Choyce of any other, Then6 by Cupids Mother, freely speake, It’s at thy choyce my dearest Love, Either to leave or take. Comma. Text answe (sic). Text They. 399 CAVALIER AND PURITAN 9 I, thy Mary gold, Wrapt in many fold, Like the golden clyent, To the Suns supply ent, shew it’s gold : Display thy beames by glorious Sun, And lie to thee unfold. 10 Those bright locks of haire, Spreading o’ re each eare, Every chrisp and curie, Far more rich then Pearle, doth appeare : Then be thou constant in thy love, And I will be thy Deare. 1 1 Till I have posest, Thee whom I love best, I have vow’d for ever, In thy absence never, to take rest : Deny me not thou pretty little one, in whome my hopes are blest. 12 If a kisse or two, Can thee a favour do, Were it more then twenty, Loves indu’d with plenty, Lovers know : For thy sweet sake, a thousand take, For that’s the wav to woo. j 400 NO RING, NO WEDDING 13 It doth grieve my heart, From thee for to part, It is to me more pleasant, Ever to be present, where thou art : Yet in the absence of a Friend, My love shall never start. 14 As to me thou’rt kind, Duty shall me bind, Ever to obey thee, Reason so doth sway mee, to thy mind, Thou hast my heart, where ere thou art, Although I stay behind. 15 In the Bed or Barke, I will be thy marke, Couples yet more loving, Never had their moving, from the Arke: Welcome to me my onely joy All times be it light or darke. Printed at Londo?i by John Hamond. 401 62 The Quakers' fear Wood 401 (165), B. L., four columns, three woodcuts, one of which (a Pope with a triple crown) is labelled “James Parnell, The Quaker.” Coles and his three partners registered “The Quakers feare, &c” on April 25, 1656 (Eyre’s Transcript, II, 54). Very interesting is the phrase at the end of the ballad, “This is Licenced according to Order.”1 This is perhaps the earliest occurrence of the phrase, which after 1660 was customary; it indicates that in 1656 as well as after 1660, although entries were made in the register, an official appointed expressly for that purpose, not the clerk of the Company of Stationers, had seen and allowed the work. Laurence Price had no patience with religious sects. Here he merely repeats contemporary falsehoods, gravely warning all Quakers that bad ends are sure to come to them for their impious beliefs. James Parnel himself is a tragic figure, comparable to his unfortunate co-religionist James Naylor. Though very young (he was probably born in 1637), Parnel had distinguished himself both as a religious debater and as a pamphleteer. In July, 165 5, he was arrested and imprisoned at Col¬ chester Castle as “an idle and disorderly person.” A few' weeks later he was tried at Chelmsford, fined £40 for contempt of authorities, and, in default of payment, returned to prison. His treatment in the castle was most severe, though for a time he was allowed to see George Fox ( Journal^ 1765, pp. 103, 141), George Whitehead, and other friends. Price has grotesquely departed from the truth (following Dr. Francis Glisson’s A True and Lamentable Relation of the Most Des¬ perate Death of Janies Parnel , Quakers Who Wilfully Starved Himself in the Prison of Colchester ) in telling of Parnel’s hunger-strike. As a matter of fact, the unhappy prisoner was confined in a deep hole and 1 “Entered according to Order” occurs also on Francis Grove’s “A new way of Hunting” (Manchester, I, 9), a ballad registered on May 30, 1656. 402 THE QUAKERS’ FEAR compelled to receive food by climbing up a rope twelve feet to the opening. One da y, weakened by confinement, he fell, and he never recovered from the injuries thus sustained. He died, after ten months’ imprisonment, on April 10 (see the Diary of the Rev. Ralfh Josselin , ed. Camden Society, p. 115), and was buried in the castle-yard. An inquest found that he had wilfully rejected food and had brought about his own death. A reply to Glidden’s pamphlet, and possibly to the ballad,2 was published by Parnel’s friends under the title of The Lamb's Defence against Lies. And a True Testimony Given Concerning the Sufferings and Death of James Parnell. See further the sketch in the Dictionary of National Biography , where the dates of Parnel’s death and of the inquest are obviously incorrect. For the tune cf. Nos. 6 and 59. 2 On May 5, 1656, Francis Grove licensed a ballad called “A warning- for all Quakers, or, a wonder to bee wondered at, or a briefe and true relation of the ungodly life and miserable deathe of James Parnell a quaker, &c.,” but this seems to be lost. 4°3 CAVALIER AND PURITAN otjssmbr* jreaaa. OR, Monberfull strange anil true JletoS from tfje famous Ccton of Colchester in Essex, Sfjetotng tfje manner fjoto one James Parnel, a (Quaker bp profession, took upon f)im to fast ttoelbe baps anb ttoelbe nigtjts toitfjout anp sustenance at al!, anb calleb tfje people tfjat toere jjis folloto= ers or -Disciples, anb saib tfjat all tfje people of Cnglanb tfjat toere not of tfjeir Congregation, toere all bamneb crea= tures. (Qf fjis klaspfjemous Uife anb scanbalous Deatfj in tfje 57 apt at Colchester tfjis present montf) of April 1656. pou sfjal fjere fjabe a full delation. The tune is. Summer time. Or bleeding Heart. 1 O God the Father of us all, which made the Heavens, the Sea and land Assist us with thy holy Spirit, And guid us with thy powerfull hand. 2 Let not the Devil our master be, Who seeks our Souls for to devour, But give us grace to arm our selves That he of us may have no power. 3 A strange and true example here I am prepared to declare, Because that others may take heed, And learn the living Lord to fear. 4 A man James Parnel call’d by name, Committed hath such heynous crimes, 404 THE QUAKERS’ FEAR That very well he may be team’d To be the wonder of our times. 5 He went about from place to place, And undertook to preach and teach, And matters he did meddle with, That were to high above his reach. 6 The holy Bible he despised, And was a Quaker by profession, And said they all were damn’d to Hell That were not of his Congregation. 7 Good Ministers he set at naught, And made disturbance up and down, Where ever he did come or goe, Both in the Countrey and the Town. 8 Yet many people followed him, Which he did his Disciples call, And they did believe what ever" he said, To be the truest way of all. 9 But for his wicked blasphemy He apprehended was at last, And unto Colchesters layl was sent, And there in prison kept full fast. 10 Now while that he was in the layl, He to the people thus did say, That he strange miracles would doe, Before he parted thence awa)^. 3 Text evar. 405 CAVALIER AND PURITAN 1 1 As Christ had fasted forty dayes, And never at all did drink nor eat, Nor in his body entred not, So much as one small grain of Wheat. 12 So will I do James Parnel said, Because you all shall know and see, That I am a Prophet of the Lord, And them that will beleeve in me 13 Shall have eternall joyes in heaven Amongst the Souls whom God hath blest, But those that will not me beleeve, Shall never come where Saints doe rest. 14 A many such blasphemous4 werds He to the people then did speak, And twelve long dayes, and as many nights, To fast he then did undertake.5 6 15 Wherefore0 a strict command was given that every one should searched be, Whether they brought victuals with them or no When they James Parnel came to see. 16 Ten7 dayes this sinful wretch did fast, And took no sustenance at all : Now mark and you shall understand What after did to him befall. 4 Text blasph[]mous. 5 Comma. 6 The third column (really “The Second Part”) begins here. 7 Text Ton. 406 THE QUAKERS’ FEAR 17 The eleventh day he call’d for food, And said that he had order given, To fall unto his meat again, By an Angell which was sent from heaven. 18 Them that attended on him then, With speed prepar’d and brought him food, But when he eat and fed thereon God knows it did more harm then good, 19 For all that he did swallow down, His body being out of frame, It would not in his entrails stay, But as it went in so out it came. 20 There was nothing that he did receive, But forc’d a passage presently, Quite through his guts, & downwards came, Which brought him to much misery. 21 He did desire then to go Up to the leads that were so high, At the very top of all the house, But that his Keeper did deny. 22 For fear that he should break his neck down, They durst not let him for to goe. So he was forced for to stay Below whether he would or no. 23 So like to cursed Tantalus, He in the midst of plenty starv’d, No matter if such hypocrites For their deserts were all so serv’d. 407 CAVALIER AND PURITAN 24 When thirteen dayes came to an end, This wofull pittifull Quaker dy’d, Having famished himselfe to death, As is for certain verified. 25 The Iury-men that on8 him sate After that he had lost his breath, Did find him guilty of that crime, So he was author of his own death. 26 Those that were his Disciples call’d, Believed in him, and thus did say, Their Master James would rise from death As Christ did do on the third day. 27 Wherefore they watcht three days with him, But all their watching was in vain, For when they had watcht their eyes all sore They never saw him rise again. 28 Thus he his own destruction wrought, Through Satans wiles, and false delusion, I wish all Quakers to take heed, Lest they come9 to the like confusion. 29 And to conclude, let every one Pray to the Lord both day and night, That hee’l be pleas’d for to direct, And guide us in the wayes of right. Jftms. L.P. Printed for F. Coles, J. Wright, T. Vere, and W. Gilbertson. This is Licenced according to Order. 8 Text ou. 9 Text couje. 408 63 A new merry dialogue C. 20. f. 14- (6), B. L., four columns, four woodcuts. There is another copy, Wood E. 25 (85), in the Bodleian. Gilbertson licensed this ballad as “A new merry dialogue between John and Besse” on May 15, 1656 (Eyre’s Transcript , II, 58). It is a rhythmically attractive ballad in Laurence Price’s favorite vein. I have not found the tune. SI M eto metrp ©ialogue betboeene Hfofm anb JSesteee ttoo lu£tp brabe Hober# of tbe Country, <&vf a contagious: bmp of Wooing* The Y oung-man very willing was to marry , The Maid was loath a longer time to tarrie , But when this couple were agreed They married were with all the speed. Then list and I will plainly tell How every thing in order fell. The tune is, sweet George l love thee } l I Am a Batchelour bold and brave, sweet Besse now I come to thee, Thy love is the thing that I doe crave, which makes me thus for to wooe thee : IVty heart is inflamed with Cupids hot fire, One drop of thy mercy to coole I desire, 1 Comma. 4°9 CAVALIER AND PURITAN If thou wilt but grant unto what I require, I vow no harme to doe thee. 2 Ever since the first time that I did thee see, faire Besse now I come to thee, My heart and affection was linked to thee, which makes me thus for to wooe thee : And now I am come for to tell thee my mind, As true loves strong fettered chains doth me bind, If thou unto2 me wilt be courteous and kind, I vow no harme for to doe thee. 3 lie buy thee silk Ribbons, ile buy the gold Rings sweet Besse now I come to thee, Black-bag and silk Apron and other rare things, see now how3 I doe wooe thee : New gown and new petticoat, new hose & shooes, A new beaver Hat the best that I can chuse, Prethee Love doe not my proffers refuse,4 all this good will I doe thee. 4 Thou shalt have thy servants on thee to attend/ sweet Besse now I come to thee, My purse and my person thy life shall defend, my suit is still for to wooe thee, My goods & my substance my house and my land, My mind and my sences my heart and my hand, Thou shalt every houre have at thy command, all this good I will doe to thee. Text nowhow. 6 Text attcn. 2 Text uuto. 3 4 T ext rsfuse. 410 A NEW MERRY DIALOGUE 5 Thou shalt have varieties what thou wilt wish, sweet Besse now I come to thee, Served in at thy Table of Flesh and of Fish, my suit is still for to wooe thee :G Thou shalt have larks, chickens, hens,7 capon or coney, And any hne fare that can be bought for money If thou’lts be my True-love, my Ioy & my Floney, all this I will doe for thee. 6 More-over a faithfull promise I make, sweet Besse now I come to thee, Whilst breath’s in my body ile not thee forsake, as sure9 as now I doe wooe thee : Then prethee faire Besse ease me of my paine, And doe not repay my true love with disdain, But as I have lov’d thee so love me againe, and Ile be faithfull unto thee. fieconb iPart, to tfje Same tune.10 7 Kind John I protest thou art welcome to me, since thou art come for to wooe me; Ten thousand to one but v/ee two shall agree, now thou com’st lovingly to me, Thy love and thy labour is not lost in vaine, For thus in few words I will tell thee here plain, If thou com’st at midnight ile thee entertaine, I know no harme thou’lt8 doe me. 8 I have kept my maiden-head twenty long yeare, before you come to wooe me, 6 Text theer. 7 Text heus (sic). & Text thoul’t. ^Text suro. 10 No period. 411 CAVALIER AND PURITAN And many a brave gallant that loved me deare, made suite often unto11 me: But I for my own1" part could love never a man, Let them use the chiefest of skill that they can, Untill13 the time came that I met with my lohn, I know no harme thou’lt14 doe me. 9 You promis’d10 me gold and you promis’d me fee, when you came first for to wooe me, Because that I your true Lover should be, these knacks you proffered unto me : You promis’d me scarffs & you promis’d me10 rings, Silk gown and silk apron and many brave things, The which to my presence much comfort it brings, I know much good you will doe me. 10 Gay garments are good sir of which I except, now }^ou so lovingly wooe me, Your Silver is better I doe it respect, both those are welcome unto11 me, But your proper person exceeds all the rest, For you are the creature that I doe love best I had rather have you then have gold in my chest, for I know no harme you’l17 doe me. 1 1 To bind up the bargaine and finish the strif e, seeing you came hither to wooe me, * I prethee come quickly and make me thy wife, I know no harme you’l doe me, And when wee art married thou shalt have thy will To clip and to kisse and to use thine own will, 11 Text uuto. 12 Text myown. 13 Text Uutill. 14 Text thoul’t. 13 Text promis[]d. 16 Text mr. 17 Text you[] 1. 412 A NEW MERRY DIALOGUE I am thine own true love and so will be still, now I come merrily to thee. 12 This lusty young couple being joyntly agreed, when he came for to wooe her, To Church then they went and were married with speed, then he bravely came to her : Together they went as True-lovers should, He gave her gay garments & rings of rich Gold, And when they their tales had so pleasantly told, he did no harme unto her. L.P. London Printed for William Gilbertson, Gil [t]-[S] pur-street. 1S 18 Text blurred and defective. No period. The two jeering lovers C. 20. f. 14 (2), B. L., five columns, three woodcuts. Gilbertson registered this ballad on May 15, 1656 (Eyre’s Tran¬ script , II, 58), as “The two feering [sic] lovers, &c.” Price and his fellows delighted in ballads depicting lovers in this fashion, though the modern reader may be repelled by the coarseness of expression, and will, in any case, not greatly admire the patience of Dick. The tune is named from the first line of Price’s own ballad of “Love’s Fierce Desire” ( Roxburghe Ballads , VI, 67), which was to be sung either to Now the- tyrant hath stolen my dearest away or Fair angel of England . “Fair angel of England” is the first line of “The Princely Wooing of the Fair Maid of London by King Edward. To the tune of Bonny sweet RobinT The tunes of Now the tyrant and Bonny sweet Robin were interchangeable: the former is given in John Playford’s Musical Companion , 1667, p. 226, the latter in Chappell’s Popular Music , I, 234. 414 THE TWO JEERING LOVERS tZTfje (too peering JLoberfi: <©r, !3 pleasant Jleto ©talogue brttoeen ©iefe ©ohm= right of tfje Conn tip, anb prettp bnttp J?ancp of tfjc Citie: fflfje manner of tfjetr toooing, toinning, anb toebbtng fifjall be relateb tn tfjsst enduing ©ittp. To a dainty new tune, called, Now the tyrant hath stolen , &c. Dick. 1 Come hither sweet Nancy , and sit down by me, These long seven Winters I have loved thee: Then give me my answer if that thou canst love me, Or else say me no then my pretty Nancy. Nancy. 2 Stand further1 Sir Lobcock and trouble not me, I had rather with Pistols and Guns to be shot, Or borun through with Rapiers, then suffer disgrace, For to have such a Buzzard to breath in my Face. Dick. 3 Sweet Nan doe not hold me so much in disdain. 3 Text furth[]r. 4U CAVALIER AND PURITAN But as I love thee, prethee love me again. There’s nothing on earth in the world to be had, But I will procure it to make my love glad. 4 He buy thee new Beaver and a dai’nty silk Gown, And a Taffety Apron the best in the Town, Fine Hose and fine Shooes and a brave Holland Smock, Thou well mayst believe me, for I doe not mock. 5 He buy thee a scarf that is very compleat, And costly head Tyero both handsome and neat : He buy thee rare Bracelets and such pretious things, Perfum’d gloves and Ribbons, and gallant gold Rings. Nancy. 6 He none of thy Ribbons, nor none of thy Gold, I had rather to suffer both hunger and cold, Then to match with a Clown which my mind cannot brook; 416 THE TWO JEERING LOVERS Nor can I abide thee once on me to look. Dick.2 7 Why what is the reason thou shouldst me disgrace"? I pray thee in plain terms speak to my face. Or what is the cause thou canst not fancy me"? That ever was faithfull and true unto me.3 Nancy. 8 The reason is this if you’l have it so, Thou like to a Sloven dost every day goe, Ther fore take good notice and mark what I say, I’d not have thee if thoult give me a Noble a day. 9 Thy eyes stand asquint, thy nose stands awry, Thy mouth stands aside, and thy beard’s4 never dry: Thy Chaps all be slabered and thy lips are amisse, The third column (really “The Second Part”) begins here. Read thee. 4 Text beards’s. 4U CAVALIER AND PURITAN ’Twould make a Maid loath for to give thee a kisse. 10 Thy Shooes are unty’d, and down at the heels, Thy Stockins ungartred, which thou dost not feel, Thy Codpis unbutned, thy breeches bepist, These are nasty actions, say you what you list. 1 1 Take this for an answer I will thee not have, There’s the doore and the way, now goe walk like a Knave, Goe home to thy Countrey and kisse Count rey lone. For sweet-heart in London thou art like to have none. Dick? 12 Why then thou proud Huswife lie bid thee farewell Your scoffing and ieering too much doth excell : Yet this I say to thee, if thou hadst thy desert, Thou wouldst either be hanged or be tyd to a Cart. 5 Comma. 4l8 THE TWO JEERING LOVERS Nancy. 13 Nay stay my sweet Richard , let’s0 kisse and be friends, For what I said to thee lie make thee amends. If thou’ It7 be my Husband I will8 be thy Wife, And ile be constant to thee all the dayes of my life. 14 Then Dick he kist Nancy and Nancy kist Dick , And close to each other they after did stick: They went to the Church and were married that day, And Dick to the Countrey carried Nancy away. 15 By this you may see what young women can doe, When Bachelours to them do come for to wooe; Their wits are so nimble, they can in an houre Turn sowre into sweetnesse and sweetnesse to sowre. Jftmg. L.P. London printed for William Gilbertson in Gilt-spur street. 0 Text let[]s. 7 Text thoul’t. s Text will. 4}9 C. 20. f. 14 (3), B. L., four columns, three woodcuts. In this satire on female frailty the poet, in the stanzas here reprinted, manages to steer through an indelicate situation without much offense: the same cannot be said of two coarse stanzas which are omitted. For a later ballad on a theme almost exactly similar, see Lord Crawford’s Catalogue of English Ballads , No. 1039. The tune is named from the first line (“Now farewel to Saint Gileses”) of Laurence Price’s “The Merry Mans Resolution. To a Gallant New Tune, Called, The Highlanders nezv Rant ” ( Bagford Ballads , I, 485*). It is used also for Nos. 67, 71, and 72. 420 DEPLORABLE NEWS FROM SOUTHWARK ©eplorable JletoS from £§>outf)toarfe; €>r, tfje lobittg Hashes lamentations for tfje loss of tfjeir H>b)eet=f)eart£. They sigh , they sob , they sorow and complain , Fearing their Loves icill never come again : It is the lusty Souldiers as they say. Have stoln from them their pretty hearts away. The tune is, Saint Gileses. l The Lasses now of Southwark lament and make great moan, Because from them their sweet-hearts departed are and gone, Thare’s Peggy , Alee and Bridget , and many others more With howling and with weeping, have made their eye-sight sore, 421 CAVALIER AND PURITAN The gallant , Valiant Souldiers as they say Have stolen from them their pretty hearts away. 2 The Souldiers which in Southwark did quarter here and there, Each one of them that had sweet-hearts was constant to his deare; Both civill in their actions, and constant in their carriage, And yet some of the Lasses now Complain for lack for marriage. The gallant , Valiant Souldiers as they say ,x Have stoln fro?n them their pretty hearts away. 3 To speak of their proceedings, I hope none will me blame, The better for to know them, I will them to you name. Fair Maudlin she lov’d Martin , and Joan she loved John , Winnifred lov’d William , and Ned was loved of Nan. Those valiant Gallant Souldiers as they say , Ha.ve stoln from them their pretty hearts away. 1 Text omits say. 422 DEPLORABLE NEWS FROM SOUTHWARK 4 Betty she lov’d Robert , and Dick lov’d Dorothy , Rowland he lov’d Rachel , and lov’d Anthony : Sweet she lov’d bold Stephen, and Hester she lov’d Walter ,2 And more news of their passages I mean to speak hereafter. The valiant. Gallant Souldiers as they say. Have stoln the maidens hearts from them away. 5 Rebecca she lov’d John well, and George lov’d Margery, Kester he lov’d J any : and Nell lov’d Hmnphrey Francis lov’d fair Phillis, and Samuel he lov’d Sary, Debora she lov’d Daniel, and Thomas he lov’d Mary. The valiant, Gallant Souldiers as they say. Have stoln the damsels hearts from them away. 6 The3 bonny brave young Souldiers are of late from Southwarke gone, To quarter in the Country, and left their loves alone; ‘ Text W altet. 3 The third column (really “The Second Part”) begins. Text Thebonny. 423 CAVALIER AND PURITAN Who now in dolefull manner doth bitterly complain, Much fearing that their Sweet-hearts will never come again. The v alii ant. Gallant Souldiers as they say , Have stole their pretty hearts from them away. 7 Rose sayes though she hath gotten no Livings nor no Lands, Yet if she had her Love againe she would labour with her hands To keepe and to maintain him, all the dayes of her life, So he would be contented to take her to his Wife. The valliant , Gallant Souldier she doth say , Hath stoln both her heart and love away S' 8 The rest that hath been named, are all of Roses mind, And would unto their Sweet-hearts be both loyall, true, and kind, So they might have their company, by day and eke by night, O that’s the thing they wish for, to have them in their sight. Two coarse stanzas are here omitted. No period. 424 DEPLORABLE NEWS FROM SOUTHWARK But the valliant , Gallant Soldiers as they say , Hath stoln their bonny hearts from them away. 9 To draw to a conclusion, I wish all Damsels mild,0 Both them that have flat bellyes, and them that are with child: To beare all things with prudence, and suffer patiently, And buy each one a Hand-kercher to wipe her wet eyes dry. And when your Sweet-hearts Come to you again , Theyd use a means to cure you of your pain d 10 Be not too heavy-minded, but8 thus I’d have you pray, That those which stole your hearts from you and carryed them away, May come again with safety, and make you all amends, To marry you and love you, and so my Ditty ends. The valliant , Gallants Hath stoln your hearts away , Theyd bring them ho?ne again another day. Printed for Tho. Vere, at the Angel, without New-gate. 6 Period. 7 Comma. 8 Text bnt. 425 The true lover s summons C. 20. f. 14 (14), B. L., five columns, three woodcuts. Date 1650—56. Here is presented a fairly common situation in which a young lover vainly woos his mistress in the first part of the ballad, while in the second part she replies coyly but at the very end yields to his importunities. Classical allusions were as much the requi¬ sites of a balladist as of an eighteenth-century poet. Samuel Smithson’s hand seems recognizable here, but unluckily no name is signed. The printers evidently ran short of punctuation marks, which are surpris¬ ingly scanty. The “pleasant” new tune of Sweetheart [or Lady], he not coy I have not found. 426 THE TRUE LOVER’S SUMMONS je true Itoberef Summons;: #>cnt in a Hetter to foearest H>boeeting, Bearing from Jjer a fjappp greeting: fEtjiiS couple bp tfjeir f)onesst cibill carriage, fflere qutcfelp jopn’b fogetfjer in jtHarriagc. To a pleasant new tune; OR, Lady be not coy. l Sweet heart be not coy, for in faith I love thee Thou art my only joy, now I come to prove thee, Though my abscence long, may procure suspition, Yet I will not wrong thee in no condition, For I am only he, that loves none but thee, 427 CAVALIER AND PURITAN Wherefore let not me, be of hopes frustrated, But grant Love to me,1 for which long I have waited. 2 Speake thou comely Maid, to a man distressed, Helpe a love-sick blade, that is sore oppressed, Give to me my doome, for in love I languish, Either smile or frowne, to my joy or anguish Which if thou refraine nothing else but paine, In me shall remaine, then farwell all pleasure, Nothing else I gaine, but sorrow beyond all measur.2 3 Such a comely face modest grave and witty Cannot in this case be so void of pitty Then grant unto me what I do desire For my heart by thee is only set on fire, Be not to me unkind, in me thou shalt find 1 Period. 2 No period. 428 THE TRUE LOVER’S SUMMONS Such a constant mind, as doth scorne to waver Only I am inclind to obtaine thy favour. 4 Cupids feathered Dart I right well espie it Wounded hath my heart I cannot deny it Although I be, in a sad condition Thinke not to go free by swearing of ambition Lest that you do fall into Cupids thrall As we are subject all by the laws of nature Both to great and small to poore and Princely creatur. 5 Wise King Solomon was taken in that manner And great Samson strong marcht under that banner Venus glistering faire and that beauteous Helen Farre beyond compare 3^et they all seemd willing Thus we plainly see all to love agree Wheresoever they be from Capricorn to Cancer 429 CAVALIER AND PURITAN Sweet blame not me but let me have an answer." Clje Maidens answer. 6 You do say you Love, but it is no matter, Often times it proves young-men use to flatter, And many a harmlesse Maid, by your false delusion, Oft times is betray’d and brought to confusion: Therefore Maids beware, take a speciall care. Lest you catch the snare? for the Serpent lowers, Often times not far from the fairest Flowers.4 7 Priam's onely Heire, Dido's griefe augmented; Promising full faire what he nere intended : All’s not Gold that’s bright, all’s not true that’s spoken, Many wrongs seemes right, a faire Nut may prove rotten The fire that burneth5 fast, instantly doth wast, 3 No period. 4 Comma. 6 Text burneth. 430 THE TRUE LOVER’S SUMMONS And the hotest blast, of the eagrest Wooer, Long time cannot last, in all it’s heat and power. 8 The fairest Flowers that be, have the faintest savor*? More men match we see, for Gold then good behaviour You shall hear of few that will say what is shee, You shall have enough0 that will say what hath shee. This wealth is bewitching & mens minds outstretching Still their fingers itching to be joynd in Marriage More for gold and riches then for comely carriage.7 9 Cupid I do scorne and his false enticement Ere I match I’ve sworn to take good advisement But me thinks I speak on a slender fashion Women are to weak to resist that passion Should I then refraine such a golden Chaine, * Text enongh. T No period. 43i CAVALIER AND PURITAN Which wou’d8 make on9 train e, almost through this nation, I must needs confesse, here’s an alteration. 10 The furthest of my thoughts you alone have battered, 0 J If you prove not kind, all my hopes are scattered, Oh my heart doth yeeld through your strong affection You have won the field and brought me to subjection, Constant sure I am sweet for ever then And thee love I can as I am a Woman You are the only man, here I pray the Summon. jrmm. London Printed for Richard Burton , at the10 Horshooe in Smith-field. Text wou,d. I.e one. T ext he. 432 C. 20. f. 14 (7) , B. L., four columns, four woodcuts. Here again Laurence Price has written a ballad to the tune of his “St. Giles” (cf. No. 65). That tune, involving a catchy refrain, was very popular indeed. It is used also under the name (taken from the refrain of this ballad) of lie goe through the World with thee for “The Seaman’s Leave Taken of his sweetest Margerit” (Manchester, I, 17; Pepys, IV, 158; Euing, No. 326). It is pleasant to come upon a maid so faithful as John’s mistress: Penelope is rara avis in balladry, one great delight of which was to satirize and anathematize woman’s inconstancy. 433 CAVALIER AND PURITAN fEfje Jfattfjfull ifflaitis gfebentures.1 fEtje iftlapb toitj) tiiltgence sought far ant) necr, GUjtougf) matip a famous Cttp, ®otam anti is>f)ire, UnttU sucf) time sljtc f»ab Jjcr ^>bocct=f)cart fount), Slfjosc lobe to fjer bib toontierouslp abounb. Tune is, Farewell St. Gyleses , &c. 1 I Am the faithfull Damosill, that wandred up and down, To find out John my true love, in many a gallant Town, Though long time I have sought him, yet now I have him found, I will not lose his company, for threescore thousand pound, Then pray thee John , Sweet John , part not from mee , For lie go through the world with thee. 2 I have been in Scotland , as you may understand,2 And I have made three voyages, into Ireland , And I have been in Wales , and in Cornwall in the West, And all was for to find my John , whom I in heart love best. Then pray thee John , &c. 1 Comma. 2 Text nnderstand. 434 THE FAITHFUL MAID’S ADVENTURES 3 Through London 3 and through4 Bristow, and Gloster eke also, Through Exeter and Worcester, I wandred too and fro, Through Hereford and Shrewsbury, and Salisbury in Wiltshire , I went to find my true love, whom I do hold so dear. And now that I have found thee, part not from mee, for ile go through the world with theed 4 I have travelled Essex, and I have been in Kentf Whereas both time and mony, to find my love I spent, Through Norfolk and through Suffolk and famous Cambridge Shire And through fair Hart fort County, but could not find him there. But now I have. &c. 5 I have been at Portesmouth, and I have been at Dover, and most of all the Cinque port towns that are all England over, And since with such long journeys, I have made my self full weary, Now I have overtaken thee, I pray thee make mee merry. 4 Text trouhgh. 5 No period. 435 3 Text Lnodon. 6 Period. CAVALIER AND PURITAN O sweet John, kind John , part not from mee. For lie go through the world with thee. GTfje seconb part to tfje same tEune. 6 I Th’ first place John I pray thee, to finish up the strife, Take me to Church and wed mee, and make of me thy Wife And when that we are married, wee two will go to bed, Where thou so sure as snow is white shalt have my mayden head, Then pray thee John, Sweet John, Part not from me For ile go through the world with thee.1 7 Ith* second place I give thee, this much to understand, And if that thou art willing, to live in merry England, Ile here continue with thee, and bee thy faithfull wife, Ile comfort love and cherish thee, whilst Heaven affords me life.8 Then pray thee John &c. 8 Or if that thou are minded, from England for to go, 7 No period. 8 Comma. 436 THE FAITHFUL MAID’S ADVENTURES To France to Spain or Italy , ile march with thee also, And wheresoever thou goest .Love, my wits I will contrive Ile venture mine own life and blood, to save my John alive. Then pray thee John &c. 9 Ile toyle, ile work, ile labour, Ile take all kind of paines, And all the profit I can make, ile bring thee in the gains, Although the world be never so9 hard before ile see thee lack Ile pawn the very pettycoat, and smock from off my back.10 Then pray thee John A precious Gold Ring, as rich8 as may be, Two lines cut off by the binder. 6 No punctuation. 7 Text iu. 7’fAr/brich? ( Perhaps a misprint for bright or rich?) 446 THE FLATTERING DAMSEL And all sorts of linen and Laces beside; Which when I did present, she seemed much content : Thanking me kindly, for beeing so free, But never did woman , Nether honest nor common , \Dessemhle with no man As she did with me.0] ®fje geconb $art, to t (je game Eune. 5 A House I furnished, for us to dwell in, Many admired, to see us so stor’d, Silver and Peuter brave, with Brasse, excelling, As if it had been, the House of a Lord, She with a fauning face, kissing me did imbrace, Saying my true love, thrice happie are wee, But never did woman , &c. 6 Our day of Marraige was, justly appointed To which I invited: my friends every one, 9 Cut off by the binder. 447 CAVALIER AND PURITAN Young men and pretty Maides, with whom she was acqaunted I desired their presence,10 forbiding of none, She seemed pleased at this and with a Judas kisse She did salute me as plainely I see.11 But never did woman , take your drinke againe. 1 1 Farwell my company, and farwell my Coat, Farwell my Customers that stole away my groat, Farwell Tobacco, and farewell the Ale, Farwell that bonny Lass that told me many a Tale, With Oh! my heart Is full of grief e and paine Give me my money and take your drink again. 13 No period. 13 Read score. 463 CAVALIER AND PURITAN 12 Farwell all Ale-wives,14 where ever they be, And I wish all good fellowes for to be rul’d by me, To save their money and fuddle no more, Least poverty come in and fling them out o’ th doores10 As it hath done me I tell you very plaine , But I am resolved nere to he drunke againe. T. I. London, Printed for Richard Burton in Smithfeld .16 14 Period. 15 Read doore. 15 No period. 464 72 The lovers’ farewell C. 20. f. 14 (19), B. L., four columns, three woodcuts. Date 165 0—56. This pleasant love-song capably carries on the tra¬ ditions of balladry. It is interesting to see that civil war and oppression had no effect in changing either these traditions or the taste of the people. For the tune see No. 65. 465 CAVALIER AND PURITAN jL€>we&g> jra&ewen; W )e constant Jkejsolution of ttoo fattfjfull ILober# to Itbe ants bit together. Two loving Lovers here you see In Love and Heart do both agree , And nothing can their love once part For they are knit both in one heart: Two Hearts in one united are , What Joy with Love then can compared To the tune of Farezvel Saint Gyleses. l Of late as I went abroad into the fields to walk, Therein I heard two Lovers thus sweetly Court and talk: Quoth the young man to the maid, My love hath ever been 1 Comma. 466 THE LOVERS’ FAREWELL To thee my dearest Dear and Ioy, as plainly thou hast seen But now love, I love , Must part fro?n thee. For Father and Mother so commandeth me. 2 Now farewell my dear true-love, whom I do love so well, Adieu my deerest heart, for I must bid thee now farewell, There’s none in all the world now that I so well can love, Yet must be forced now to leave my Ioy and Turtle-Dove, Then come Love, Now Love, Go thou with me. And 1 will be faithful alwayes to thee . 3 Then farewel unto London, and farewell to Cheapside, And all the Lasses brave and fine that therein do reside: And farewell unto Cornwall, and farewell unto Dover, If my Love will go along with me, wee’l range the Countrey over: Then come Love, Sweet Love, Go thou with me. For 1 will prove faithful always to thee. 467 CAVALIER AND PURITAN 4 Farewel unto W estmins ter, and farewel to Whitehall, And farewel unto Ratcliff e , and farewel to Blackball For I wil travel Flanders, and all the coast of Spain, And alwayes where that I am my true-love shall remain. Then come hove, Deare Love, Go thou with me. For father and mother lie forsake for thee. 5 Then farewell unto Greenwich ,2 that stately place of pleasure, Where lives my Love and hearts delight, My Ioy and onely Treasure: And farewell unto Islington, where lovers do resort, With Cakes and Wine, and all that’s fine, themselves to feast and sport. Then come love, fine love. Go thou with me, For I wil be faithful only to thee. 6 And farewell unto Highgate whare we did often walk To view the fields both fresh and green, for pleasure and for talk; * The third column (the equivalent of a “Second Part”) begins here. 468 THE LOVERS’ FAREWELL And Primrose hill where we our hi of loves deligght3 did see. But pleasures more I have in store if thou wilt go with me.4 1 come love Now love , for to go with thee , for thou hast been faithfull alwayes to me? 7 Then farewell my dear father, and farewel my dear mother, For my loves sake lie you forsake, for love I cannot smother, My love and I will live and dye and constant be alwayes, And nothing shal our loves remove untill our dying dayes, Then sweet love , Deare love , I wil go with thee , Cause thou hast been faithful always to me. 8 If my love will go to Sea, then with him I wil goe, For in his breast my heart doth rest, it must and it shall be so : I doe not care what dangers deep, or feares I undergoe Because that now I see my love, wil never say me no. 6 Sic. 4 No period. 5 Comma. 469 CAVALIER AND PURITAN Then sweet love , I love Wil go along with thee What ever it happens our fortunes to he. 9 Let father frown and mother chide, I will love him what ere betide, Cause I do see he doth resolve that I shall be his Bride. What pleasure’s more then love that’s true and constant, to be had When sorrows deep oppresse the mind, ’twill make our hearts full glad. Then stay love , sweet love , We will go together; for nothing shall our true loves sever. 10 Then farewell all our friends, that love us as their life For I will have my own love, and be his loving wife. Wheresoere my Love doth goe, whether to France or Spain, I am resolv’d, and so will be his true love to remain. Then come Love , Go L ove , Lets go together; For Fm resolv'd lie forsake thee never. Jftnts. London, printed for John Andrewes at the white Lion without Newgate. 470 73 Love's return C. 20. f. 14 (17), B. L., four columns, four woodcuts. This ballad is by Samuel Smithson, an author discussed in the intro¬ duction to No. 60. On the tune see No. 64. HobeS Return, <0t\ Cfjc jflapbenS 3foj>. Joeing & Compendious dialogue bettoeen ttoo constant ILopaltd) carted XoberS. Tune, Nozv the Tyrant, or, the May dens Sigh Man ,1 l Arise from thy bed, my Turtle and dear, And let in thy true Love, that stands coldly here, Leave sleeping a while and let us imbrace, I love to behold, thy beautifull face, Whose sighing and sorrow, to pitty did move My heart for the present, and want of my Love, But now ime arrived, again to the shore, To make thee my spouseall, Ingaged before.2 2 Text Ingage dbefore. 47i 1 No period. CAVALIER AND PURITAN Maid. 2 What Eccho is this, that sounds in my ear, O tis the sweet voyce, of my love and my dear, Who venturing his life, upon the salt Main, By Heaven is escapt, and returned again. I come my Love quickly, to give thee a kiss For now I injoy what I long time did miss, Then welcome my True love, thrice welcome to mee, I often lamented, for wanting of thee. Man .3 3 I tel thee my dearest, since I did depart, I often did sail with a sorrowfull heart, The troublesome Seas, and tempests did rise, The clouds being pitchy, and darkned the Skyes. But none of these Tempests, nor storms did so move, My heart to relenting, as lacking my love. 8 No period. 4?2 LOVE’S RETURN When Billows were mighty, and Gusts did appear, Yet nothing did grieve mee, but want of my dear. Maid. 4 When thou on the Seas was farre out of sight, My heart was tormented, by day and by night, I dreading your death, by wrack or by sands, Or that you were fallen, into murderers hands.4 This subject of terror, my soul did affright, Whose absence did banish, all joy and delight,5 But now ile leave sighing, and mourning a while, For heaven has been pleased on Lovers to smile. ©f) e gecoub part to ttje £ame tune. Man. 5 But tell mee my love, are all our foes dead, That caus’d this disaster, and misery bred, No comma. 473 CAVALIER AND PURITAN May wee now bee joyned, * in union and Peace, And have the fruition, of natures increase, Without contradiction, of Parents or friends Or else our new Comedy tragicall ends, For I to the Ocean, on force must depart, Yet for a true signet, lie leave thee my heart.6 Maid.1 6 O stay love, O stay love, with mee that am thine, Thy heart is concealed, as thou hast done mine, My Father and Mother, by Fortunes decree, Are dead now and buried, then welcome to mee, Our chief adversaries are now turn’d our friends, And those that did wrong thee will make thee amends. The Clouds being vanisht, the Sun shineth clear, And Cupid invites me to welcome my dear. 6 Comma. 7 No period. 474 LOVE’S RETURN Man .8 7 Then welcome my Love, the life of my Soul, Whose reall intention there’s none can controle, And as a chaste maiden, most vertuous doth prove, So Sea men do scorn, to be false in their Love, As Sol in his glory, ith’ sky doth indure, My heart is so fixed, both stedfast and sure, Then give mee thy hand, and thy heart both as one, And then all our troubles, and sorrows are done. Maid. 8 O here I resigne, both my love and my life. Farewell chaste Diana , I must bee a Wife, Assist us good Himen , to tye Marriage bands, For Cupid effected this joyning of hands. Tis titles of honour, for those that are wed,9 Whose actions are modest, and civill in bed, 8 No period. 9 Period. 475 CAVALIER AND PURITAN But such that are shamelesse, and wantonly10 playes, Dishonour their Husbands, and shorten their daies. Author d1 9 Then young men and maids, that hear this new song, Bee faithfull and kind, and do no one wrong, For love like the Soul, to the body gives life, And happies that man, that hath a chaste wife, For vertues in women, contentment doth bring, From whence the sweet fountain, Of riches doth spring And men that are reall, and constant in mind, O they are accepted, and counted1' most kind. Jftnts. s. s. London Printed for F. Grove on Snow hill. T ext wanton by. No period. Text an dcounted. 476 74 A new prophecy C. 20. f. 14 (27), B. L., four columns, two woodcuts. Richard Burton’s daring in printing under his own name ballads disloyal to the Commonwealth is commented on in the introduction (pp. 57—5 8). The present ballad could well have been punished under any of the printing ordinances or under the Treason Act of 1649, for even the most careless of licensers would have detected its meaning and forbidden its appearance. The ballad was perhaps intended pri¬ marily to arouse interest in a book on the same subject; the book, which is announced at the end of the sheet and from advance pages of which the prose prophecy was probably taken, was licensed to Thomas Broad on May 1 1, 1657 (Eyre’s Transcript, II, 127), as “A booke called Cricket in the hedge , or a new prophesie , &c .” I have not been able to find a copy of it. The existence of “Margaret Hough” can hardly be doubted, though her age may be somewhat exaggerated. It is worthy of notice, how¬ ever, that among the many Houghs recorded in George Ormerod’s massive History of Cheshire , one Thomas Hough is said to have died in 1592 at the age of 141 years. Perhaps our Cricket-in-the-Hedge is the person referred to in J. P. Earwaker’s East Cheshire (1880, II, 445): “At Hedgerow, an old woman named Margaret Broadhurst is said to have attained the great age of 140 years, but little credit can be given the story.” Longevity was not especially remarkable. A celebrated case is that of Thomas Parr (died 163 5), who is said to have lived to the age of 152 years, and who, apparently as a result of that distinction alone, was buried in Westminster Abbey. See further¬ more the dozens of examples of “persons long-lived” that are given in George Hakewill’s Apology or Declaration of the Power and Provi¬ dence of God , 1635, pp. 181 ff. ; in William Turner’s A Compleat History Of the Most Remarkable Providences. ... IT hich have Hapned in this Present Age , 1697, Pt. II, pp. 30 f.; and in Long 477 CAVALIER AND PURITAN Livers: a Curious History of such Persons of both Sexes who have Lived Several Ages , 1728. Hedgerow is in Rainow Township, the “Ranna” of the ballad; two miles to the northeast is Macclesfield (“Maxfield”). The prophecy itself is obviously based on those attributed to Mother Shipton (cf. stanza 1). The Profhesie of Mother Shifton In the Raigne of King Henry the Eighth . Forfeiting the death of Cardinall Wolsey, the Lord Percy and others , as also what should ha'p'pen in insuing times was printed in 1641 (Charles Hindley’s Old Book Col¬ lector's Miscellany , vol. III). Other prophecies attributed to her were printed in March, 1642 (E. 141 (2)). Cricket deals with the Lion (England), the Lamb (Charles I and II), and the Elephant (the Commonwealth), predicting the overthrow of the Elephant by the end of 1657. Her prediction was not greatly at fault. Cromwell, too, had prophesying adherents. Ralph Josselin ( Diary , Camden Society, p. 122), on December 12, 1656, saw “a booke esp: of Welsh prophecies, which asserts that Cromwell is the great Conqueror that shall conquer Turke and Pope.” I have not found the tune. 478 A NEW PROPHECY 3 neto Prophesie: ikime estrange ibpeerfjeS beclareb bp an olb Woman libing notn in Cfjesfjire, in Ranna , ttno miles from Maxfield. fjet name is Margret Hough , Sfje is Seben= store anb fifteene peares of age. The tune1 is, the Old-mans sorrow for these sad Times . 1 Come light and listen Gentlemen, and to my song give eare, A story true I heare have pend, as ever you did heare, Of Shiptons wife you oft have heard,2 of that I make no doubt, But another with her may be compard which lately is found out.3 2 I hearing of this woman strange, in place where I did lye, Full many a mile I then did range, to heare her Prophecy, In famous Cheshire at the last; not far from Maxfield Towne, I found her out as I did passe,2 walking in her owne ground.3 3 She was the first that did speake to me with words4 that were so meeke, Son what do you in this Country, or who come you to seeke, 1 T ext Thetune. 2 Period. 3 Comma. 4 Text wordr. 479 CAVALIER AND PURITAN To tell the truth I will not shame nor no way it alledge, I seeke a Woman cal’d by name, Crickit within the Hedge. 4 I am the Woman Son she said, come sit thee downe by me, I wish thee not to be afraid,0 though a stranger here thou be, And for the labour thou hast made, content jle give to thee, Marke well these words which here are said concerning Prophecy. 5 Poore England thou art in distresse, Scotland doth sorrow gaine, The Ireish they in heavinesse, and so is also Spaine. There is no Land under the Sun, from war can say they’r free, Poore England thou dost suffer wrong my heart doth bleed for thee.G 6 Religion now is made a cloake, good teachers held in scorne. Thus we the Lord to wrath provoke : both evening noone and morne, The Papists7 little are set by, the Church men all a sleepe : To God for mercy let us cry, England lament and weepe. 5 Period. 6 Comma. ‘ Text Papis. 480 A NEW PROPHECY GTf )t seconb part to tfje barite tune. 7 One hundred fifty and five of age, am I yet never did see, The Church so pind up in a Kage, since the death of Queen Mary. But }^et my Friend thou well may live to see joyes on us creepe, Then be content praise above give. England lament and weepe.8 8 The Lamb shall with the Lyon feed, the Elephant so strong, Shall by the Lamb be soone subdu’d, ’cause he hath don him wrong, Ere fifty seven is come and gone, the Lyon he will sleepe, Then pray9 to God both old and young England lament and weepe. 9 But ere these times do come to passe, much Blood-shed thou may see, And he that climbs the highest fast, the lowest laid shal be, The Elephant with his long Nose,10 the Lamb full sore shall greet, The Lamb shall overcome his foes : England lament and weepe.8 10 When thou dost heare that peace shall come and dwell in faire England, Comma. 9 Text prry. 10 Period. 48l CAVALIER AND PURITAN Then thon maist say to all and some that wars are neere at hand, The Northern wind ye South shal rake from the East such news shal peepe, To see the same England will shake, England lament and weepe.11 1 1 O London fine lament in time,12 for sinfull sure thou art. Y orke Citty faire have thou a13 care, and Linkorn beare a part. There is more Cittyes in this Land, hath cause to waile and weepe, For sure Gods judgments are at hand England lament and weepe.11 12 O let us all lament in time while we have time and space, For our sins so fast on us do climb, Lord grant us of thy grace, That we our sinfull lives may mend, Lord grant to thee we creepe, That mercy thou to us may send, let us all lament and weepe. First Son thou art come a great way to see me, thou callest me Crickit in the hedge : and (many more besides thee) cals me so, but my name is Margaret Hovgh , and I 12 T ext r. Comma. Period. 13 482 A NEW PROPHECY was borne in this Countrey, in the year of 1485. in the time of King Henry the 7 and when14 he died, I was about 12 or 13. yeares of age: and now I am about 155. and my Daughter that you see here ; is 103. and was borne in the dayes of Edward the 6. in the year 1545. & I have seen the death of 7 Kings & Queens, that is to say, Henry the 7 Henry the 8 Edward the 6. Mary , Elizabeth James & the innocent Lamb; And now we live under a new Government, but harke Son ther’s whims whams, and trims trams, new plays and old Games abroad now adaies. I tell thee thou maiest live to see a great alteration here in England , for the Lyon is a strong Beast, and is loath to leave his den. And the Elephant he knows himselfe a very strong beast; because he can carry a Castle on his Back: and these two will have a great Tussell, and much blood shall be lost on both sides. Then he that loves th’15 Mother church of England , let him pray to God that it may stand: then the Lamb shall feed with the Lyon. Then woe to the Sluggard. Hold, stand up old bones, I had like to have falne, & if I had4? there is in England may get a greater fall before they die; no10 more but mom bene. There is a Booke comming forth that will give you more satisfaction, and shew you more at large. London, Printed for Richard Burton in Smithfield. 14 Text wh[]n. 1j Text th. 16 Text (no. 483 75 England's object Wood 401 (175), B. L., four columns, four woodcuts. Wood added in MS. the date “Septemb. 1660.” For Hugh Peters (1598—1660), Independent divine and regicide, J. B. Williams’s History of English Journalism (1908), the British Museum Catalogue of Satirical Prints , I, 5 39—541, and the sketch in the Dictionary of National Biography should be consulted. The sergeant mentioned in stanza 4 was perhaps Sergeant Northfolk, who on Map 1 1, 1660, had been ordered bp the Council of State to ap¬ prehend Peters ( Calendar of State Papers, Domestic , 1659—1660, p. 575). While in hiding, Peters drew up an apologp for his life and succeeded in getting it presented to the House of Lords. The apologp, in which he denied having had anp share in the King’s execution, had no favorable result. According to the D. N. B., Peters was arrested in Southwark1 on September 2. A satirical pamphlet called Hugh Peters's Passing-Bell Rung out in a Letter (1660, p. 5) taunted the unfortunate prisoner thus: With what face of brass couldst thou deny thy name, when thou wast appre¬ hended in Southwark , and when thou wast brought to the Lievtenant of the Tower: I am credibly informed, that thou said’st thy name was Thompson, and said’st, Thou wouldst not be such a Villain as Hugh Peters for a thousand pound: Whereupon those that took thee, knowing how to answer so impudent a Traitor as thy self, replied, If thou wert not Hugh Peters, they would be hang'd for Hugh Peters ; but, if thou wert Hugh Peters, thou shouldest be hanged for thy self. Peters was tried on October 13, found guiltp of plotting with Cromwell for the death of the King, and executed at Charing Cross on October 14. Bp October 18 twentp-eight regicides had been sentenced to death and eight of them executed. Mirabilis Annus, Or 1 According to the Diary of Henry Townshend, ed. Bund, I (1920), 61, he was captured “at Nath. Man, a Tap women’s \_sic\ house.” 484 ENGLAND’S OBJECT The year of Prodigies (1661, p. 79) tells of a poulterer of East- cheap who, on his way to Charing Cross to see the execution, railed bitterly against Peters, whereupon he was savagely attacked by a dog and dangerously bitten eighteen or nineteen times — a “providence” described as “the more remarkable because the dog was alwaies wont to be very gentle, and never observed either before or since to fly at any one.” Mirabilis Annus Seeundus (1662, p. 81) declares that one Colonel Carnaby, of Durham, who affirmed “that Mr. Peters was drunk when he was hanged,” was, by the judgment of God, shortly afterwards killed by a fall from his horse when he himself was in¬ toxicated. But the statements of these books of Puritan propaganda should not be taken too seriously.2 The tune is named from the first line of “The insatiate Lover” ( Merry Drollery , 1661, edited in J. W. Ebsworth’s Choyce Drollery , p. 247), a ballad with the refrain, With hey ho my honey, My heart shall never rue, For I have been spending money And amongst the jovial Crew. The same tune is used by T[homas]. Rfobins]. (cf. No. 55) for two of his ballads, “The Yorkshire Maid’s Fairing” (Pepys, III, 384) and “The Royall Subjects Warning-Piece” (Euing, No. 310), in the latter being described as “a pleasant new tune.” It is customarily called Hey-ho , my honey , my heart shall never rue , and under this name will be found in Chappell’s Pofular Music , I, 292, II, 462. 2 Indeed in the preface to Mirabilis Annus Seeundus the compiler was forced to admit that his comments on “the Gentleness of the Butcher’s Dog” were untrue, “for the Dog was wont to do mischief of the like nature formerly.” CAVALIER AND PURITAN Cnglanbs ©bjetl: €>t, ebttton Hjttgfj peters, bp tfje name of fCljomson, in ^>outfjtoarfee, ibaturbap September tlje first: lOitfj Ijis (Examination anb entertainment bp tfje rest of tfje Rebel¬ lious creto noto in tfje fCotoer of Honbon. The tune is, Come hither my own sweet Duck. 1 Come let us tryumph and be jolly brave Cavaleers every one, For I have more News to tell yee, then any Diurnall can : Hugh Peters he is taken, of a truth I tell to you, The Rump is not forsaken, to them hee’l preach anew. Then hey ho , Hugh Peters cannot you find a Text , T o please your fellow Brethren , they are so highly vext. 2 This is the man was wanting above this three months space, And all the Rump lamenting they could not see his face, For he was deeply learned, all which they very well knew, But since he is returned now Gallows claim thy due. Then hey ho Hugh Peters cannot you guote a Text , 486 ENGLAND’S OBJECT T o please your holy Sisters they are so highly vext. 3 Now having so much leisure, to tell what came to passe, Concerning of his ceasure and how he taken was. In Southwarke side he lodg’d,3 some-times in Kentish Town: From place to place he doged, till publikely he was known. Then hey ho Hugh Peters how like you now the Text JVLethinks the Tower Quarters have made you soundly vext . 4 He strangely turnd his name, and Thomson he was cal’d, Or like a Country-man in debts had bin inthral’d He kept himselfe so close, by crafty cunning charms, Till apprehended was by a Serjeant high at Armes. Then hey ho Hugh Peters your wits did you deceive To change your Surry quarters and come with us to Hue. 5 Come Peters I must tell you your crafts beguild you now, s Period. 487 CAVALIER AND PURITAN Sad fortune have befell you, and all your joviall crew. The Rump hath got a sliding, Hugh Peters got a fall, And Haslerig 4 is chiding, like the Divel amongst them all. Then hey ho Hugh Peters , can t you guote out a Text To learn Sir Arthur patience that is so highly vext. 6 When to the Tower he came5 as brethren us’d to do: There met him Henry Vain* both Scot 7 and Mildmay 8 too : Then he to preach a Sermon, the Spirit did him call, Drew forth an old Diurnal and preach’d before them all : Then hey ho Hugh Peters they UP cl your Doctrine well . Which gave them such direction how they should go to hell. 7 The next that came was a Rumper, and cal’d great Haselrig , lie warrant ye he was a thumper to dance a Parliament jigg: 4 Sir Arthur Haselrig, or Hesilrige (f 1661), the well-known statesman and council-member of the Commonwealth. 6 The third column (really “The Second Part”) begins here. c Sir Henry Vane, the Younger, executed on June 11, 1662. ‘ Thomas Scot, regicide, executed on October 17, 1660. 8 See page 307, note. 488 ENGLAND’S OBJECT He joyed to see his Chaplain, and did congratulate But never was such tatling, concerning Church and State As was between these creatures 1 must tell to you Sir 9 Arthur and Hugh Peters , the Gallows claim his due. 8 Luke Robinson 10 came after the Parson for to view, And asked if Sir Arthur had heard his Sermon new, Who said that he had quoted a noble Rumping Text, For which he should be Voted at Tyburn to preach next. Then hey ho Hugh Peters my heart shall never rue In such a worthy pention Esquire Dun11 shall pay thy due ,12 9 The Tower is strongly made and Peters he is within I’m sure he had a hand in martering of our King. 9 Text Sis. 10 On this “inveterate rebel,” who is not in the D. N. B., see A Collection of Loyal Songs, 1731, II, 57, 77, 125, and the Calendar of State Papers , Domestic, for 1659—60, passim, and 1660—61, p. 122. 11 Edward Dun, the hangman. His name is given as “Hen. Donne, Exe¬ cutioner,” in Bibliotheca Militum, 1659, but this is an error. 12 No period. 489 CAVALIER AND PURITAN Now all will be disclosed and brought to publick view. If that he be opposed then Gallows claim thy due. Then hey ho Hugh Peters you are fast within our locks , Therefore declare the persons disguised in white Frocks. 10 These that had on long Vizards did on the Scaffold stand Like base presumptuous Wizards plac’d by the Divels hand. So expert and so even was one ’tis thought ?twas you The blow was fatal given come Peters tell me true. Examine all your fellows prove it perfectlie Or else on Tyburn Gallows your neck shall hanged be. Jftms. Printed for F. Coles. T. Uere, and VV. Gilbertson. 490 INDEXES . INDEX OF TITLES, FIRST LINES, REFRAINS, AND TUNES Tunes are ■printed in italics. Titles , first lines , and refrains are printed in roman type , titles being distinguished by double and refrains by single quota¬ tion marks. An asterisk indicates that the ballad in question is merely referred to in the yjotes or the Introduction. PAGE *“After Sweet Pleasure Comes Sorrow and Pain” .... 373 Aim not too high . 349 *“Alas Poor Scholar” . 19, 179 “Alas Poor Tradesmen What Shall We Do” . 180 All in a fair morning for sweet recreation . 316 ‘All this good will 1 do thee’ . 410 All you who wish prosperity . 102 Amidst of melancholy trading . 180 “Anabaptists Out of Order, Idle” . *25, 175 *“Andrew and Maudlin” . 61 Arise from thy bed my turtle . 471 Army is come up hey-ho, The . 222 * “Arthur of Bradley” . 221 “Articles of Agreement Betwixt Prince Charles and the Parliament of Scotland” . *52, 310 As I about the town did walk . 155 As I was walking forth one day . 248 Aye marry and thank you too . 453 *“Bacchus Against Cupid” . 184 *“Ballad, A” (As close as a goose) . 70 * Barton, Sir Andrew . 107, 385 Beat up a drum for winter reigns . 327 *“Bedlam Schoolman” . 179 ‘Beggars all a-row’ . *11,114 *Believe it friend we care not for you . 23 *“Birds’ Notes on May Day Last, The” . 64 “Bishops’ Last Good-night, The” . *12, *16, 134 Bleeding heart ( —My bleeding heart) . 386, 404 *Bless the printer from the searcher . 26 *“Blue Cap for Me” . 9, 10 Bonny sweet Robin . 215, *414 Bragandary . 331 *Bragandary down (or round ) . 195, 196 Brave Essex and Drake . 285 * Brave Lord Willoughby ( Cf. 310) . 126, 278 Bride's burial , The . 367 493 CAVALIER AND PURITAN PAGE “Brief Relation of an Atheistical Creature, A” .... 278 Bring your lads and your lassies along boys .... 325 “Britain’s Honor in the Two Valiant Welshmen” .... 90 ‘But certain you shall have no need of a cat’ . 202 ‘But God deliver Christians all’ . 108 ‘But Jove being king’ . 285 “Catch, A” . . . . . 325, 352 Cavaliers are vanquished quite, The . 185 *“Cavaliers’ Complaint, The” . 74 “Character of a Time-serving Saint, The” . 322 Charm against cold frost ice and snow, A . 352 * Cheerily and merrily . 126 Chevy chase . 305 *“Christmas, A Song Bewailing the Tme of” . 160 *“Christmas, A Song in Defense of” . 31 “Christmas Carol” . 327 *“Christmas Song, A” . 56 *“City, The” . 23 *“City Litany, The” . 150 *“Coffin for King Charles, A Crown for Cromwell, A” . . . 47 *“Colonel Rainsborough’s Ghost” . 40 “Come Buy a Mouse-trap” . 202 Come cease your songs of cuckolds’ row . 114 Come down prelates all a-row . 134 *Co7ne follow my love . 385 Come hither my jovial blades . 209 Come hither my own sweet duck . 486 Come hither sweet Nancy and sit down by me . . . .415 Come honest neighbors all sith we are met here . . . . 189 Come let us cheer our hearts with lusty wine . . . . 140 Come let us triumph and be jolly . 486 Come light and listen gentlemen and to my song. . . . 479 *Come Maurice my brother let us go together .... 25 Come noble hearts to show your loyal parts . 252 Come the merriest of the nine . 78 “Common Observation upon These Times, A” . . . *23, 155 *“Conscionable Couple, A” . 391 “Constant Lover Being Lately Frowned On, A” .... 339 Countrymen list to me patiently . 120 “Credit of Yorkshire, The” . 266 “Cromwell, A Hymn to” . 289 *“CromweH’s Panegyric” . 27 Cuckolds all a-row . 114 Cupid thou boy I prithee come away . 339 *“Cupid’s Revenge” . 62 494 TITLES, FIRST LINES, REFRAINS, & TUNES PAGE *Dainty come thou to me . 379 Dear Lord what sad and sorrowful times . 374 *“Deciphering the Vain Expense of Fond Fellows upon Fickle " Maids” . 63 “Deplorable News from Southwark” . 421 *“Dialogue Between Dick and Robin, A” . 19 *“Dialogue Between Floridus and Cloris, A” . 59 *“Discontented Lover, The” . 22 *“Downfall of the New Bear-garden, The” . 19 *“Downfall of William Grismond, The” . 51 *“Downfall of Women Preachers, The” . 25 “Dreadful Relation of the Cruel Massacre Committed on the Poor Protestants of Savoy, A” . 386 *“Elegy upon the Death of Thomas Earl of Strafford, An” . . 119 ‘England lament and weep’ . 480 *“England’s Cure After a Lingering Sickness” . 11 *“England’s Lamentation in Great Distress” . 22 “England’s Monthly Predictions for This Present Year 1649” *46, 215 *“England’s New Bellman” . 53 “England’s Object or Good News for the Apprehending of Hugh Peters” . *74, 486 *“English Challenge and Reply from Scotland, An” ... 89 * Essex's last good-night (Cf. Chappell’s Popular Music, I, 174) . 33 “Exact Description of the Manner How His Majesty and His Nobles Went to the Parliament, An” . *9, 78 Fain would I if I could . 440 Fain would I if I might by any means obtain .... 440 Fair and comely creature, A . 257 Fair angel of England . 215, 414 Fair England the garden of Europe was called . . . . 215 Fair England’s joy is fled welladay . . . 233 * Faithful friend , Fhe . 391 “Faithful Maid’s Adventures, The” . 434 “Fame Wit and Glory of the West, The” . 257 *“Famous Flower of Serving-men, The” . 70 *“Famous Sea-fight or a Bloody Battle in 1639, A” . . . 126 Farewell to Saint Giles's . 420, 434, 459, 466 “Fatal Fall of Five Gentlemen, The” . 243 “Flattering Damsel, The” . 445 Fleet at sea , Fhe . 274 For God and for His cause Ell count it gain . 164 *“Friar and the Nun, The” . 451 From London City lately went a brother . 175 ‘Gallant English spirits do not thus complain’ .... 248 “Gallant News from Ireland” . *46, 285 495 CAVALIER AND PURITAN PAGE “Gallant News from the Seas” . *48, 274 *“Gallant She-soldier, The” . 61 ‘Gallant valiant soldiers as they say, The’ . 422 * General Monck's right march . 315 Gentlemen gentlemen listen to my ditty . 362 Gerhard . 238 Gerhard's mistress . 236 Give the word about . 189 *“Glad Tidings of Great Joy” . 1 1 “Glory of the North, The” . 266 Glory of the west, "The . 257, 266 *Go empty joys . 120 Go home in the morning early . 175 God’s blessing guide our royal King . 305 “Godly Exhortation to This Distressed Nation, A” . . *12, 146 Good Christians all give ear a while . 278 “Good-fellow’s Complaint, The” . 209 ‘Good Lord have mercy on us all’ . 146 “Good News from the North” . *8, 102 *“Good News Videlicet the Parliament Goes On” . . . . n ‘Great council of the King, The’ . 140 Great God of gods to thee I pray . 22 Great Pluto prince of hell I come to thee . 355 “Great Turk’s Terrible Challenge This Year 1640, The” . . 108 *Green sleeves . 77 *“Ha Ha My Fancy” . 179 Hallo my fancy whither wilt thou go . 179 *“Happy Proceeding of This Hopeful Parliament, The” . . 11 “Harmony of Healths, A” . *31, 189 *“Hasty Bridegroom, The” . 61 Have you the hungry bloodhounds seen .... *56, 337 *“Heaven Is Angry Lord Send Peace” . 22 Heavens do frown the earth doth groan, The .... 322 ‘Here’s a health to our royal King’ . 190 “Hey Brave Oliver” . 221 Hey -ho my honey my heart shall never rue . 485 Highlanders' march , 'The . 316 * Highlanders' new rant , The . 420 *Hold out brave Charles and thou shalt win . 29 Hold thy nose to the pot Tom . 325 *“Honest Man Will Stand To It, An” . 11 “Honest Man’s Imaginary Dreams, The” . 225 Honor invites you to delights . 224 *“House out of Doors, The” . 56 How now Mars . 90 496 TITLES, FIRST LINES, REFRAINS, & TUNES PAGE How shall we dare to trust them now . 96 “Hungry Bloodhounds, The” . 337 “Hymn to Cromwell, A” . *46, *71, *284, 289 I am a bachelor bold and brave . 409 I am the faithful damosel . 434 *1 come my blessed Savior now behold . 236 ‘I know no harm thou’lt do me’ . 41 1 */ tell thee Dick (Cf. Chappell’s Popular Music, I, 358) , . 74 *7 tell thee Jack . . 23 ‘I think I mumpt you now’ . 299 T would that my master would come home again’ . . . 362 If ever England had occasion . 84 ‘I’ll find out my true-love wherever he be’ . 316 I'll go no more into Scotland for to lie . 299 *77/ go through the world with thee . 433 In fair Olympus high a degree above the sky . . . . 285 *In sad and ashy weeds I sigh . 60 In summer-time . 243, 374, *385, 404 “Indifferent Lover, The” . 348 *“Insatiate Lover, The” . 485 *“Item for Honest Men, An” . 59 *“Jack of Lent’s Ballad” . 66 “Jack the Plough-lad’s Lamentation” . *57, 362 “James I and Charles I, A Satire on” . 151 Jasper Coningham (or Jesper Cunningame: see Roxburghe Bal¬ lads, III, 104) . 278 “John and Bessy, A New Merry Dialogue Between” . . . 409 *“Johnny Armstrong” . 70 *“Jolt on Michaelmas Day, A ” . 72 *“Journey into France, A” . 65 ^Jovial tinker, The (Cf. Chappell’s Popular Music, I, 188) . . 24 “Joyful News for England and All Other Parts of Christen¬ dom” . *57, 342 *“Judge Berkeley’s Complaint” . 1 1 “Keep Thy Head on Thy Shoulders and I Will Keep Mine” . 127 “King Charles His Speech and Last Farewell to the World” . 233 King Henry's going to Bulloigne . 102 “King’s Last Farewell to the World, The” . . . *23, *47, 228 *“King’s Last Speech at Elis Time of Execution, The” . . . 236 “Kiss of a Seaman’s Worth Two of Another, A” . . *6, 392 “Kissing Goes by Favor” . 453 Lady be not coy . 427 “Lady Pecunia’s Journey unto Hell, The” • • *57> 355 “Lady’s Lamentation for the Loss of Her Landlord, The” . *52, 316 Lassies now of Southwark lament, The . 421 497 CAVALIER AND PURITAN PAGE Leave thee . 392 *‘Leave thee leave thee I’ll not leave thee’ . 391 Let Cromwell’ s nose alone . 289 ‘Let Cromwell’s nose still reign’ . 289 ‘Let not fair words make fools fain’ . 96 Let' s to the wars again . 96, 107 “Lex Talionis or London Revived” . 185 *“Life and Death of William Laud, The” . 19 *“Life of a Soldier, The” . 55 Listen to me and you shall hear news . 161 *“Little Musgrave” . 70 “Looking-glass for Young Men and Maids, A” .... 367 ‘Lord open the army’s hearts’ . 197 Lord Willoughby's march , The (Cf. 278) . 310, 342 *“Love’s Fierce Desire” . 414 * Love's mistress . 62 “Love’s Return or the Maiden’s Joy” . 471 *“Love-sick Maid, The” . 236 *“Lovely London Lass Long Lamenting for a Husband, The” . 23 “Lovers’ Farewell, The” . 466 *“Luke Harruney’s Confession and Lamentation” .... 33 *“Maids Look Well About You” . 64 *“Maiden’s Choice, The” . 64 Maiden's sigh , The . 471 ^“Maidens’ Merry Meeting, The” . 30 Mark Antony . 445 “Matchless Shepherd Overmatched by His Mistress, The” . . 440 ^Maying time . 107, 385 “Mercenary Soldier, The” . 168 Merrily and cheerily . 127 *“Merry Forester, The” . 451 *“Merry Man’s Resolution, The” . 420 * Merry soldier , The . 24 *“More Knaves the Better Company, The” . 18 *Most gracious omnipotent and everlasting Parliament . . 28 “Mumping Meg’s Resolution” . 299 My bleeding heart . 107, 385, 404 Ned Smith . 380 ‘Never did woman neither honest nor common’ .... 445 *“Never Mark Antony” . 444 “New Ballad (of the Earl of Pembroke), A” .... *52, 305 “New Merry Dialogue Between John and Bessy, A” . . . 409 “New Prophecy or Some Strange Speeches by an Old Woman in Cheshire, A” . *705*247, 479 *“New Way of Hunting, A” . 402 498 TITLES, FIRST LINES, REFRAINS, & TUNES PAGE “News from Newcastle” . *8, 96 News from Scotland if you’ll hear, The . 310 No man love’s fiery passions can approve . 349 No money yet why then let’s pawn our swords . . . . 168 ‘No more nor the back of your hand sir’ . 292 “No Ring No Wedding” . 39-7 * Nobody else shall plunder but I (Cf. John Play ford’s Mustek's Delight , 1666, p. 26) . 55 Not long agone walking alone . 292 Now comfortable tidings is come unto England .... 343 Now farewell to Saint Giles's .... 420, 434, 459, 466 Now the tyrant hath stolen my dearest away . . . .414, 471 O brave house . 440 “O Brave Oliver” . *71, 222 ‘O fie upon this excise’ . 209 O God the Father of us all . 404 0 how now Mars . 84, 89 *0 how now Mars what is thy humor . 89 0 my pretty little winking . 248 *‘0 thou projector whither wilt thou stray’ . 126 ‘O wonder wonderful wonder’ . 196 “Oates, Samuel, The Relation of” . 175 Of late as I went abroad into the fields . 466 Of late I heard a ditty was sung . 266 *0f Noll’s nose my muse now sings . 71 Of two notorious thieves my purpose is to tell . . . .381 Oil of barley , The . 292 Old man s sorrow for these sad times , The . 479 *“0n Bugbear Black-Monday 1652” . 53 Packington s pound . 202 *“Parliament Routed or Here’s a House To Be Let, The” . . 56 *“Parliament’s Knell, The”. 24 Parson of the parish , The . 396 *“Penitent Traitor, The” . 29 “Peters a Post of Rotterdam, A True Relation of One” . . 202 “Pleasant New Song That Plainly Doth Show That All Are Beggars, A” . 114 Prentices fuddle no more . 362 Prettiest jest that e’er I heard, The . 459 ^“Princely Wooing of the Fair Maid of London, The” . . . 414 Prithee friend leave off this thinking . 185 *“Private Occurrences or the Transactions of the Four Last Years” 221 *“Prophecy of the Swineherds’ Destruction, A” . . . 24 *“Protecting Brewer, The” . 70 *“Puritan, The” . 28 499 CAVALIER AND PURITAN PAGE *“Pym’s Juncto” . 23 “Quakers’ Fear, The” . *69, 404 Queen Betty kept wars with France and with Spain . . . 151 Ragged and torn and true . *59, 209 *“Ragman, The” . 126 *“Review of Rebellion, A” . 28 *“Revolution, The” . 348 *“Reward of Murther, The” . 7 Right glory of the west , The . 266 *“Right Picture of King Oliver, The” . 71 “Roaring Blacksmith’s Resolution, The” . 459 *“Robin Hood” . 70 Rouse up your spirits and make haste away . 274 “Royal Health to the Rising Sun, The” . *48, 248 *“Royal Subjects’ Warning-piece, The” . 485 Saint Giles’’ s . 420, 434, 459, 466 “Salisbury Assizes, The” . *56, 331 “Satire on King James I and King Charles I, A” . . . *46, 151 ‘Scotland now hath got a king’ . 310 *“Seaman’s Leave Taken of His Sweetest Margaret, The” . . 433 *“Seaman’s Song of Captain Ward, The” . 101 * Seven champions of the pens, The . 62 *“Shameful Downfall of the Pope’s Kingdom, The” ... 5 Sing old Noll the brewer . 289 *“Sir Andrew Barton” . 70 * Sir Ayidrew Barton . 107, 385 So cold cold cold so wondrous cold . 59 *So old so old . 19 ^“Soldiers’ Delight in the North, The” . 7 ^“Soldiers’ Sad Complaint, The” ....... 56 Spindolow . 285 ^“Spiritual Song of Comfort or Encouragement to the Soldiers, A” 23 *“State’s New Coin, The” . 71 Stingo . 291 *“Strafford, Thomas, Earl of, An Elegy upon the Death of” . . 1 19 *“Strange and True News of an Ocean of Flies” .... 31 “Strange and Wonderful News of a Woman Who Had Her Head Torn Off by the Devil” . 374 “Strange and Wonderful Predictions” . *45, 196 *“Strange News from Brotherton in Yorkshire” .... 45 *“Strange Predictions” . 54 Sudden sad mischance near Shoreditch, A . 367 Summer-time ( —In summer-time ) . 374, 404 Sweet George I love thee . 409 Sweet Meg behold thy Willy’s now . 299 500 TITLES, FIRST LINES, REFRAINS, © TUNES PAGE Sweetheart be not coy . 427 Sweetheart I come unto thee . 397 ‘Tan ta ra ra ra’ . 274 “Thanks to the Parliament” . *12, 140 ‘Then come amain you that would fain’ . 225 ‘Then come love’ . 467 ‘Then drink and rant’ . 459 ‘Then drink and sing’ . 252 ‘Then hey-ho Hugh Peters’ . . 486 ‘Then let God’s people cry and call’ . 146 ‘Then let not fair words make fools fain’ . 96 ‘Then merrily and cheerily’ . 127 ‘Then O fine Oliver’ . 222 ‘Then pray thee John sweet John’ . 434 “There I Mumpt You Now” . 299 “There Were a Company of Good Fellows” . 352 *“This Is Called Maids Look Well About You” .... 64 ‘This is the happiest news indeed’ . 343 This nation long time hath been plagued with old rats . . 202 *‘Though cannons be roaring’ . 361 Though Wentworth’s beheaded should any repine . . . 127 1 Three cheaters , 'The . 322 *“Three Horrible Murthers” . 24 Through fear of sharp and bitter pain . 228 °Tis sack rich sack’ . 353 °Tis time for us to cry and call’ . 146 *“To a Fair Lady Weeping for Her Husband” .... 396 To compliment and kiss some holds to be a sin . . . . 453 ‘To court and kiss they will not miss’ . 175 *“Tommy Pots” . 70 *“Total Rout or a Brief Discovery of a Pack of Knaves, A” . 54 Triumph and joy . 78 “True Lover’s Summons, The” . 427 “True Manner of the Life and Death of Sir Thomas Wentworth, The” . 120 “True Subject’s Wish for the Happy Success of Our Royal Army in Scotland, A” . 84 *“Truth Flatters Not” . 27 *“Turks’ Denouncing of War Against the Christians, The” . . 107 “Twelve Brave Bells of Bow, The” . *46, 252 Twelve brave bells of Bow , The . 252 “Two Antagonists in Love” . 349 “Two Jeering Lovers, The” . 415 *“Up-tails All” . 451 “Upon Passionate Love” . 348 501 CAVALIER AND PURITAN PAGE *“Upon the General Pardon Passed by the Rump” ... 54 *“Upon the Stately Structure of Bow Church” .... 251 ‘Valiant gallant soldiers as they say, The’ . 422 ^“Warning for All Quakers, A” . 403 “Warning for All Wicked Livers, A” . 380 *“Warning to All Lewd Livers, A” . 107, 385 Was ever man bewitched or so besotted . 445 “Weeping Widow, The” . *47, 238 Welladay welladay . 120, 233 “Wentworth, Sir Thomas, The True Manner of the Life and Death of” . 120 When men and women leave the way . 331 When pride aboundeth in the city . 146 *“When the King Enjoys His Own Again” . . 20, 23, 33, 37 When the King enjoys his own again . 160 When Venus did my mind inspire . 392 *“Which Doth Plainly Unfold the Grief and Vexation That Comes by a Scold” . 63 ‘Which she denied and thus replied’ . 292 *“Whip for the Back of a Backsliding Brownist, A” . . . 144 “Wily Witty Neat and Pretty Damsel, The” . 292 With bleeding heart and mournful tear . 386 ‘With tan ta ra ra ra’ . 274 Wonders of the Lord are past, The . 196 “World Is Turned Upside Down, The” . 161 ‘Yet let’s be content and the times lament’ . 161 *“Yorkshire Maid’s Fairing, The” . 485 *You gallants all a while give ear . 17 1 You noble Britons bold and hardy . 90 You noble lady muses just in number nine . 238 You that desire for to be enriched . 225 You that desire strange news to hear . 108 You that in England once bare sway . 243 ‘You that will go high or low’ . 331 *“Young Man’s Trial or Betty’s Denial, The” . 64 “Zealous Soldier, The” . 164 502 GLOSSARIAL INDEX The references are to pages. Numbers in parentheses refer to stanzas. a, of the (clock), 381 (7) a’, he, 90 (1) a-hatching, 218 (17) a many, a considerable number of, 20 5 (12), 31 1 (4), 393 (4), 406 (14) a wo, probably a misprint for 0 wo, 3*8 (5) Abell, William, Alderman, satires on, 9 abiding, dwelling (Whitehall Pal¬ ace), 191 (5) abroach, 441 (6) Academy of Complements, The , 348 acquittance, a receipt in full, 269 (8) Actors' Remonstrance , The, 14 Adam and Eve, 453 (1) addressed, prepared, 383 (16) adieu, 449 (8, 9), 459, 467 (2) admiration, wonder, 263 (13) admire, wonder, 257 (2), 447 (5) Adultery Act, the, 298 affect, love, take pleasure in, 258 (4), 299, 446 (2) ale, price of, in 1647, protested, 208 ale-wives, 464 (12) Algiers, in (12) all and some, 482 (10) alledge (allege), mitigate, lighten, 480 (3) alms, an, 1 18 (16) amain, in haste, 225 f., 255 (6), 286 (2), 453 (2) amiss, wrongly formed, 417 (9) Amsterdam, enemies of the English Church fostered in, 441 (5) anabaptists, ballad against the, 1 7 1 Anatomy of the Westminster Juncto , The, 44 n. and (an), if, 258 (4) and if (an if), if, 169 (8), 267 (3) Anderson, William, 106 Annall, William, 126 Anne, Queen of James I, attacked, 150 annoy, sorrow, 446 (3) antic-tricks, the actions of a clown or fool, 441 (6) antinomians, ballad against the, 277, 281 (10) apace, speedily, 453 (2) Apollo, 254 (4) apparitions in the sky, 218 (18) apposers, examiners, questioners, 169 (5) approve, demonstrate, 454 (4) Arber, Edward, 63 n., 77, 83, 100, io7> IJ3> 179 Ards, Viscount. See Montgomery Argier (Algiers), in (12) Armstrong, Archy, Charles I’s jester, 60 Army, the Parliament’s, 185 (1), 226 (6) ; occupies London, 41 , 22 1 ; Saltmarsh’s advice to, 195 Army Plot, ballad connected with the, 125 a-row, in a row, 114, 134 (1) 503 CAVALIER AND PURITAN Arraignment of Christmas , The, 160 Arundel and Surrey, Earl of. See Howard as, as if, 355 (6) Ashton, John, 167, 309 Assembly of Divines ridiculed, 24 assurance, guard, 105 (13) at, against , 141 (7) atheist (‘athist’), an, at Lambeth, ballad on, 278 Atkins, Mrs., of Warwick, carried away by the Devil, 372 authors of ballads. See Birkenhead, Sir John; Brome, Alexander; But¬ ler, Samuel; Cleveland, John; Crouch, Humphrey; Crouch, John; Deloney, Thomas; “Finis, Mr.”; Guy, Robert; H., I.; Ham¬ mond, Charles; Herbert, Thomas; Jones, Thomas; Jordan, Thomas; Joy, Thomas; Lanfiere, Thomas; Lookes, John; Mennis, Sir John; Mussell, Francis; P., T.; Parker, Martin; Price, Laurence; R., T.; Robins, Thomas; S., S.; Smith, Tom; Smithson, Samuel; Star- bucke, William; Wade, John; Wortley, Sir Francis Ay ton, Captain, 106 B., I., The Merchants' Remon¬ strance, 179 B., J. (Birkenhead, Sir John?), J9, 21 babe of Grace, one of God' s elect , 71 ; satirical term for wanton woman , 205 (11) bable (babble), 395 (12) Babylon, the Roman Catholic Church, 130 (10) Bacchus, 253 backward, to thrive, not to thrive at all, 1 14 (3) Bagford Ballads, ed. J. W. Ebs- worth, 3, 420 Baillie, Robert, 100 ‘Baker, Colonel/ 72 Balfour, Sir James, 89 ballads, Civil-War, based on rumors from Scotland, 8; chief collections of, 4 ff.; general nature of, 6; col¬ lectors of, 46; singers of, tried, 23 ; effect of pamphleteering on, 43; ending of, with prayers for the ruler, 51 ; few entered in the Sta¬ tioners’ Register, 64; form of, changes in the, 27; history of, in the news-books, 58 ff.; influence of, enormous, 15; laws against printing, in 1647, 36, in 1649, 49, in 1656, 66 f.; libelous, burned by the hangman, 13; licensed before the event, 77; licenses printed on, 402; licensing of, regulations for, 13, 40, 46, 57; literary men turn, to the writing of, 1 4 ; loyal, printed at York and Oxford, 23; “popu¬ lar,” reappearance of, in 1656 f., 70; printed collections of, 65 ff.; printing of, prohibited, 26, 54 ff., 63; summarized from plays, 14, from news-books, 89, 95, 100, 1 95, 214, 284, 309, 329, 366, 385; sum¬ marized by news-books, 61, 372; suppression of, urged on Parlia¬ ment, 1 1 ; type of, in 1640-41, 7 ff., in 1642-47, 13 ff., in 1650-54, 52- 58, in 1655-56, 63 ff., in 1657-60, 70 ff. ; unlicensed, printed in 1 643, 23; used as war-bulletins, 7, 100; woodcutsof, attacked by Quakers, 68 f. See authors, Charles I and II, Cromwell, Parliament, pam¬ phlets, printers 504 GLOSSARIAL INDEX ballad-singers and hawkers, actions of, in the streets, 30, 50; suppres¬ sion of, laws for, 29, 36, 40, 49, 54 f., 63, 70; whipped and impris¬ oned, 50, 55 ballad-writers, attitude of, to Charles II, 74; become pamphleteers, 31 ff.; literary men as, 14; number of, after 1641, 14, after 1653, 56; players as, 14; poverty of, 15; prominence of, in 1656, 67; sol¬ diers in the Royal Army, 20. See authors, ballads band, collar , 116 (10) banded, united as in a band , 226 (6) ban z, fatal injury , 365 (9) Baptists, ballad against the, 171 Barkstead, Colonel John, 40 barley, juice of, beer , 327 (4) Barnfield, Richard, 354 barrel used for a pulpit, 147 (6) Bastwick, John, theological contro¬ versialist, who was imprisoned and fined by the Star Chamber in 1637 for his Litany denouncing the episcopacy. He was released and his fine restored to him in 1646, 154 bays for weddings, 397 be, are , 417 (9) Beard, Thomas, 366 Beaumont and Fletcher, 14, 64 because, in order that , 382 (12) beed (bed), 293 (2) beer, excise on, protested, 208 beggars, ballad of, 114 beheading of Lord Strafford, 120, 125; of Charles I, 227, 232; of Ca- pel, Holland, and Hamilton, 241. See executions bell, book, and candle, 137 (13) Bell, Adam, 64 Bellona, 2^4 (4) bepissed, 418 (10) beray. See bewray Berkeley, Sir Robert, Justice of the King’s Bench, 1 1 bespake, spoke , 274 (3), 275 (7) Bess and John, a ballad, 409 Bethen, Captain Francis, 40 f. Betty, the Glory of the West, 258 (3) bewray, betray {defecate) , 205 (10), 272 (12) Bibliotheca Militum , 489 n. bilboe (Bilboa), sword , 222 (3) billing, love-making , 202 (2) Billingsgate, London, 300 (6) Birkenhead, Sir John, 14, 55, 214. See B., J. Bishops, the, attacked, 16, 19, 132 ff., 158 (i4), 163,312 (5) Bishops’ Wars, ballads on, 7 Bishopsgate, London, 371 Blackheath Down, 383 (15) blacksmith, a roaring, ballad of, 459 Blackwall (Blackwell), 468 (4) blade, bold fellow , roisterer , 140 (4), 255 (6), 428 (2), 448 (8), 455 (5) Blasphemy Act, the, 320 blazed, reported , scattered , 262 (10) Blazing Star , or Noll's Nose , 72 bleeding, used of flowing wine> 252 ff. bloodhounds, Parliament a pack of, a ballad, 336; Roman Catholics as, 389 (17) blue cap (bonnet), general term for the Scots , 9 f., 85 (6) Bodenham, Anne, ballad on, 56, 329 bodkin, pin-ornament for the hair , 369 (9) 505 CAVALIER AND PURITAN Bonnyer, Adam, io 6 bony (bonny), 292 (2) “Book of Fortune.” See C. 20. f. 14 Booker, John, 37> 2I4 boon companions, 459 f. boord (board), table , 365 (10) boot, to, 209 (1) Boreas, the north wind , 442 (8) Borret, David, 106 borun, bored , 415 (2) bout, occasion , 343 (1) bow, bring (win) to one’s, bring a person to one's will or control , 275 (8), 301 (8), 302 (13) Bow Church, the bells of, ballad on, 251 Bower, Edmond, 329 branches, scions , 92 (7) Brandon, Gregory, 16 braslets (bracelets), 293 (3) brass, a face of, 335 (16) brave, fine, handsome , 263 (13), 294 (6), 322 (3)) etc a, finely, 293 (4), 393 (3) bra flaunt showily y 115 (6) bravely, finely > 262 (10, n), etc. Bray, a poet, 21 Breda, Charles II and the Scotch commissioners agree at, 309 breeches, to wrong one’s, defecate , 289 (2) brewer scalded to death in London, 366 Brewer s Plea , Phe, 208 bride, the substituted, ballad-story of, 256 bride-gloves, 399 (6) brief, (?) 152 (4) brige, /.454 (3) Broadhurst, Margaret, 477 Brome, Alexander, 14, 20 f. Brome, Richard, 64 brook, endure , 416 (6) Brotherton, Yorkshire, wheat rains in, 45 Brown, Louise F., 173 Browne, Thomas, and the Devil, 373 Browning, Robert, 119 Brute (Brutus), grandson of TEneas, fabulous ancestor of the Britons, 9° (1) Buckingham, Duke of. See Villiers Buens, David, 106 Burney Collection of news-books, 44 burning the buttocks of new married couples, an atheist desires a com¬ mission for, 278 Butler, James, Duke of Ormonde, 24i, 284, 289 (4) Butler, Samuel, 70, 320, 396 buzzard, 415 (2) by, probably a misprint for my, 400 (9) byth’, by the , 104 (10) C. 20. f. 2, ballad reprinted from, 1 1 9 C. 20. f. 14 (“Book of Fortune”), 4, 64 n. ; ballads reprinted from, 315, 34E 36i> 366> 372) 3^5) 391) 409, 4T4, 42°) 426, 433) 444) 4 5E 4 58) 4 65) 471) 477 506 GLOSS ARIAL INDEX Cadwallader the Blessed, British King, ca. 664, 92 (7) Caesar, 161 (1) Caesar, Sir Charles, 80 n. Calvinists, 155 (3) Cambridge, ballad of a blacksmith in, 459 Cancer, the constellation of, 429 (5) cannibal, 280 (8) Canterbury, Archbishop of. See Laud Canterbury, Christmas riots at, 160; churches wrecked at, 163; tale of, a cock-and-bull story , 129 (8) Capel, Arthur, Lord, execution of, ballad on, 241 Capricorn, constellation of, 429 (5) Carlisle, Countess of. See Hay Carnaby, Colonel, 485 carol, a Christmas, 326 carouse, a hearty drink of liquor, 104 (9) carpet knights, -persons knighted on other grounds than those of mili¬ tary service or distinction, 155 (2) Carre, Thomas, 241 carriage, actions, behavior, 175 (2), 295 (7), 422 (2), 427 carry, carry on, conclude, 438 (12); carry sway, have power , 244 (3) cart, tied to, i.e., as a scold is pub¬ licly punished, 418 (12) Case for Noll Cromwell's Nose, A, 72 cast, throw of dice, 1 14 (2) caterpillars, rascals, 141 (6) Cato, 451 Cattricke, John, 106 cause (’cause), because, 164 (3), 198 (8)> 357 (59). 38 7 (8)> 47° (9) Cavalier, a woman Royalist, 258 (4), 261 (8), 266 (1, 2), 267 (2, 4), 269 (7). 39 7 ff- caveat, 257 Cerberus, 441 (6) Ceres, 170 (8) certain ,? certainty , 131 (11) Certain Informations from Several Parts, 22 chalk, to pay in, to have one's bill for wine, etc., marked in chalk by the tapster, i.e., charged, 143 (15) Chappell, William, 3, 51 n., 77, 107, 1 13, 120, 126, 160, 163, 174, 201, 208, 214, 224, 232, 256, 277, 291, 3°4, 3°9> 3U) 348, 366, 379, 38?, 414, 452, 485. See Roxburghe Bal¬ lads (vols. I-III) chaps, ja ws, 417 (9) Charles’ wain, the seven brightest stars of the constellation Ursa Ma¬ jor (here called the wain of Charles II rather than properly of Char¬ lemagne), 252 (2) Charles I referred to, 179, 184, 354, 439; mentioned in ballads, 28, 99 (12), 106, 124, 183 (8), 200 (14), 286 (4), 318(6), 336, 364(9), 483; ballads hostile to, 23, 25, 27 f., 46, 139, 150, 154; the Bishops’ Protest and, 133; councillors of, attacked, 140; deposition of, bal¬ lad attacking, 224; devotion of Martin Parker to, 77, 83, 89; ex¬ ecution of, ballads on, 47, 227, 232, 236, Royalist’s lament for the, 247, sermon on the, 48 ; exe¬ cution of Strafford and, 119; ex¬ ecutioners of, disguised, 490; the Four Bills and, ballad on, 188; Henrietta Maria’s lament for, a ballad, 236; the judges of, ballad on, 484; Lilly aids, to escape, in 1648, 214; loyalty of ballads to, 507 CAVALIER AND PURITAN 30; miracles following his death, 232; Parliament opened by, in 1 640, 9,77 ; rewards a brave Welsh¬ man, 93 (12) Charles II mentioned, 223 (6), 236, 305 (1), 365 (10); crowned at Scone, ballad on, 309; flight of, in 1650, ballad lamenting, 315; joins Henrietta Maria in France, 188; restoration of, urged in 1649, bal¬ lads, 251, 273, in 1654, 361; res¬ toration of, in 1660, ballads on, 73; royal health to, a ballad, 247; supporters of, their victories in Ireland, 284 Charles X, King of Sweden, 31 1 (2) Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy, 385 Charles Lewis, Elector Palatine, hi (n), 154 chaste wife and her suitors, ballads of a, 201, 265 Cheapside, London, 456 (10), 467 (3) Chensford (Chelmsford), Essex, 172 f., 402 Cheshire, long-lived persons in, 477 Child, Francis James, 265, 361 Children of Light, the. See Quakers chink, to, 168 (1) Choice Drollery , 66 f. chrisp (crisp), curl , 400 (10) Christ, Parnel attempts to emulate, 406 (11), 408 (26) Christmas carol, a, 326; forbidden, ballads on, 31, 160 Christian names in 1656, list of, 422 f. Church of England, enemies of, a ballad, 440. See Bishops, Dissen¬ ters, sectarians churlish, 280 (8) ‘Cicely Plum-porridge,’ 160 Cicester (Chichester), Sus¬ sex, 454 (3) Cinque Port towns, the five English channel ports , Hastings , Romney , Hythe, Dover , Sandwich , 435 (5) cipresse (cypress), crape , 322 (4) circumventing, 96, 105 (15) clap, misfortune ( with double enten¬ dre) , 205 (12), 216 (8) Clark, Andrew, 173 Clarke, John, 61 Cleveland, John, 14, 21, 28, 119, 444; as a pamphleteer, 32, 44 clip, embrace, 325 (3), 412 (ii),4?5 (7) cloath, cloth , 302 (13); clothe , 322 (3); clothes , 382 (9) cloths (clothes), 270 (9), 271 (10) Clouston, W. A., 265 clown, a rustic , 262 (10, 12), 364 (9) coat-money, a levy made by Charles I on the pretext of furnishing the army with clothings 140 (3) codpis (cod-piece), 418 (10) Coe, J., 28 cog, cheat , 295 (8) coherence, consistency , 349 (2) Cokaine, Sir Aston, 145 Coke, Bishop George, 133 Coke, Sir John, 15 Colchester, Essex, 1 72, 1 75, 241 , 402 co\d\y, feeling the cold, 471 (1) cole (coll), embrace , 455 (7) Collection of Loyal Songs, A, 396, 489 n. Collier, John Payne, 16 n., 29 n., 144 Colvidell, James, 106 comfortable, comforting , 78, 342 (1) commanding power, 279 (5) 508 GLOSS ARIAL INDEX Committees, Parliament’s, 11 6 (4) common, unchaste , 445 ff. Common Prayer, Book of, 307 (i9)>366 community, social intercourse , 322 (2) compendious, 471 complement, complete allowance , 82 (13); compliments, fine words , 257 (1) complement, compliment ,_ flatter , 453 w composition, mutual agreement , i.e., peaceful surrender , 285 conceit, device , 259 (5) ; fancy, 263 (12); opinion , 266 (1) conceited, fanciful, 453 conceive, (<272 opinion ), 96 conduct-money, <2 /<2V levied by Charles I to pay the traveling ex¬ penses of his army , 140 (3) conjoin, 399 (7) conjuring-book, 332 (4) conny. See cony content, to give one, make happy , please , 266 (2), 267 (4), 270 (9) Conway, Edward, Viscount, 95, 158 n. cony, rabbity 203 (3), 41 1 (5) Cooper, Margaret, 372 cope, <2 J7V& mantle worn by ecclesias¬ tics, 159 (17) Corbet, Miles, 26 Corbet, Richard, 65 Cor da Angliae , 11 cornet, a commissioned officer of the lowest grade, 98 (7, 8) corporal eyes, 82 (15) Corser, Thomas, 227 Court of High Commission, Martin Parker examined before the, 10 Court Career , Fhe, 72 cousened (cozened), 260 (6, 8) Covenant, Charles II and the, 309 Covenanters, the, 84 Coventry, Thomas, Lord, 156 n. Cowde, John, 106 cozen (cousin), 260 (8) Cranny, Patrick, 106 Crawford, Earl of, ballad-collection of, 5, 1 1 n., 23 n., 24 n., 27 n., 53 n., 56 n., 227, 251, 321, 420 Crayford, Colonel (Lawrence Craw¬ ford?), 8 Cricket in the Hedge, ballad of, 477 Croft Bridge, 100, 105 (12) Cromwell, Oliver, 45, 57 n., 207, 241,341,354,386; ballads ridicul¬ ing, 29, 70, 221 ; love of, for mu¬ sic, 341 ; the nose of, satires on, 71 f., 221, 288; operations of, in Ire¬ land, ballads on, 284, 288; proph¬ ecy of his downfall, 477; treaty of, with Holland and Denmark, ballad on, 342 Cromwell, Richard, 72 crost (crossed), afflicted , 443 (1 1) Crouch, Edward, 50, 58, 144 Crouch, Humphrey, 5, 11, 20, 40, 575 595 63, 67, 391; ballads by, 1 13, 144, 201, 354; facts about, J44 Crouch, John (Swallow?), 32, 34, 58, 144; as a Royalist pamphle¬ teer, 35 ff., 43; as a licensed pam¬ phleteer, 53; importance of, in ballad-history, 58-62; ballads per¬ haps by, 325, 326, 339, 348, 352. See Mercurius Democritus , Mer- curius Fumigosus , The Laughing Mercury , Fhe Man in the Moon Crouch, ‘Swallow’ (John?), 32, 34, 58 509 CAVALIER AND PURITAN Crowch, Mrs. Dorothy, 23 crown, a coin worth five shillings , 203 (4) crownet, coronet , 253 (3), 285 (1) Cumberford, Humphrey, 145 Cupid, 316 (i),3i8 (5), 339 (1), 350 (10 f.), 392 (1), 398 (5)j 409 (0, 429 (4), 474 (6) currier, a dresser of tanned leather , 3°2 (n) Curse against Parliament- Ale , A, 288 Cymball, Henry, 39 damnedly (‘damdly’), 308 (21) Dancing Master , Phe. See Playford danted (daunted), 130 (10) danty faire (dainty fare), 293 (4) Davenant, Sir William, 65, 125 David and Jonathan, 92 (8) Davies, G., 48 Davis, Mary, murdered, 7 Death's Masterpiece , 52 deck, adorn , 293 (4), 322 (3) Declaration from the Children of Light , A) 68 Deloney, Thomas, 256 demerit, that which one merits , 1 15 (6) demur, to breed a, lead to an indeci¬ sion , 217 (12) denay (deny), 367 (2) Denham, John, 119 Denmark, King of, Frederick III, 31 1 (2); treaty of, with England, 342; war of, with England, pre¬ dicted, 218 (16) Deputy, i.e., Lord Strafford , 127 (2) Derby House Committee, 37 derived, descended from , 90 (1) destructions, 231 (12) Devil, the, Anne Bodenham and, 329; handclasp of, fatal, 304; kills the Earl of Pembroke, 304; Lady Pecunia and, 354; tears a sea¬ man’s wife to pieces, 372 Devizes, Wiltshire, 23, 55 Diana, the goddess, 475 (8) dice-play, 114 (2) Dichet, Somersetshire, an activity of the Devil at, 372 Dick and Nancy, ballad of, 415 Dick, Alexander, 106 Dickens, Charles, David Copper- field, 232 Dido, 430 (7) Digby, Captain John, 100 Digby, Sir John, Earl of Bristol, 95) 100 dipping, baptism by immersion , 175 ff. Directory for public worship, 366 Discovery of 2cy Sects Here in Lon¬ don , 277 discry (descry), 1 12 (14), 180 (2) disgest, digest , 104 (8) dissents, descents, 151 (3) Dissenters, ballads attacking, 175, 277, 320, 402, 439. See sectarians ditched, dug ditches, 225 (1) diurnal, news-book, 486 (1), 488 (6) Diurnall Occurrences , 21 Divines, Assembly of, 24 dog-days, usually reckoned (from the heliacal rising of the dog-star) as July 3 to August 11 inclusive , 217 Os) dog-star, Sirius or Canicula in the constellation Canis Major, 252 (2), 286 (4) 510 GLOSS ARIAL INDEX doged (dodged), 487 (3) Don Zara del Fogo, 37 n. Donne, Henry, 489 n. doom, judgment) 428 (2) Dorset, Earl of. See Sackville double, practise deception , 272 (12) double-handed, deceitful , 356 (14) doubted, feared, 216 (8) Douce ballad-collection, Bodleian Library, 458 Douglas, Sir Alexander (Archibald), 100, 106 Downfall of Temporizing Poets , The , 14 Drage, William, 330 drawer, tapster, 143 (15) Drayton, Michael, 119 Drew, John, 174 Drogheda, Co. Louth, Ireland, cap¬ ture of, 284, 289 (2) drowned in despair, 238 (2) Dryden, John, 73 Duckdell, Allen, 106 dump, melancholy , sadness , 461 (6) Dun, Edward, hangman, 489 (8) Dundalk, Co. Louth, Ireland, cap¬ ture of, 284, 289 (3) Dunmow, Ess ex, 173 D’Urfey, Thomas, Pills to Purge Melancholy , 61, 70, 184, 451 Durham, 102 Dutch, the, excise begun by, 209 (2); naval battle of, with Spain, in 1639, 1 17 (12), 126. See Holland Dutch Diurn all, The> 56 ears, to be master of one’s, i.e.y with ears not cropped ( like Prynne’s ), 140 (5) Earwaker, J. P., 477 511 Ebsworth, J. W., 3 f., 5, 5 1 n., 67, 232, 236, 348, 39b 444, 485- See Bag- ford Ballads , Roxburghe Ballads ‘(vols. IV-IX) eclipse of the sun in 1652, 53 Edward VI, King, 483 Edwards, Thomas, 24, 171 ff., 195 Eglisham, George, 150 eke, also, 32a (i), 387 (7), 424 (8), 435 (3) elect, those chosen for the special fa¬ vor of God) 175 (1) election, the choice by God of persons for eternal grace and life) 1^5 (3) ; personal choice , 317 (4) elephant, the, Cromwell , 478 Elfrida story, ballad resembling the, 256 Elizabeth, Princess Royal, daughter of Charles I, 188, 236, 336 Elizabeth, Queen, 66, 151 (1), 483 elves, rogues , 356 (25) Ely, Cromwell farms at, 288 Endless Queries , 73 Ennius, 273 epicures, 281 (10) Essex, anabaptists in, ballad against, 171 ; James Parnel’s death in, 404 Euing ballad-collection, 5, 315, 433, 485 Evelyn, John, 13 n., 53 except, accept , 412 (10) Exchange, the Royal, of London, 456 (10) excise, the, ballad attacking, 207, 226 (5) Excise-Men s Lamentation , 207 executions, ballads dealing with, 7, 120, 125, 126, 227, 232, 241, 329, 380, 386 CAVALIER AND PURITAN extirpate, 164 (1) eyesight, eyes, 421 (1) Eyre, G.E.B., 19 n., 139? -^~7> ^3^> 265, 326, 396, 402, 409, 414, 444, 477 F., S., Sportive Funeral Elegies , 67, *45 fact, <7m/, crime , 136 (10) factious, 84 (1), 88 (14), 177 (6), 198 (10), 254 (5) Fair Em, 256 Fairfax, Thomas, Baron Fairfax, 23, 4F45> J56 n*> i84, j95> 221, 222 (2), 223 (5), 241 fairies, the Queen of, 73 fairing , a gif t bought at a fair, 294 (5) Faithful Scout , 379, 385 fall on, begin vigorously , 327 (3) Fan Alley, London, 373 fancy, love, 397 (2) faring (fairing), 294 (5) farthing, tax of a, on ale and beer, 209, 21 1 (6) fasting, Parnel’s fatal attempt at, 402 f. fasts, miraculous, 361 fatal knife, the shears of the Fates {death), 93 (10) Faustus, Dr. John, 73, 372, 376 (12) fear , frighten, 319 (8), 334 (13) fee, gold and, 412 (9) feese (fees), 209 (1) Ferley, Thomas, 106 Ferrony, Robert, 106 fet , fetched, carried off , 36 4 (8) fig, to reward one with a, kill with a poisoned fig , 152 (5) Finch, Sir John, 81 n., 125 find, provide for , 99 (1 1) “Finis, Mr.,” 24, 27 finish up the strife, end the matter , 436 (6) fire and water, to go through, 3 1 9 (7) Firth, Professor Sir Charles Flard- ing, 25, 28, 83, 89, 100, 167 Fisherton Anger, Wiltshire, a witch in, 329 Fisk, Nicholas, 37 fit, song, , ballad , 159 (17) fleet, loyalty of the, to Charles II, ballads on, 273, 285 Fletcher, John, 14, 64 fleurish (flourish), 317 (2) flies, an ocean of, in Cornwall, 31 flinch, 460 (4) flout, gibe, scoff, 334 (n) fond , foolish, 96 fool saith there is no God, i.e., in Psalms, xiv.i, 279 (3) foolhardiness, 93 (13) foot, to keep on, 209 (1) for all, notwithstanding, 181 (3) for why, because, 91 (4), 176 (4), 202 (2), 311 (3)j 313 (8)> 369 (7) Forbes, John, 361 force, strength, 327 (3); by, perforce, 340 (5); on (perhaps a misprint for of), perforce , 474 (5) Forde, Thomas, 208 Fordringham, Alexander, 106 forecast, prescribe, entail in advance, 80 (9) formoiling, toiling heavily, 181 (4) fort,. fig., for virginity, 258 (3X398 (4) “Fortune, Book of.” See C.20. f. 14 Fortune’s wheel, 244 (2), 317 (2) forward , presumptuous, 274 (4) Four Bills and Charles I, ballad on, 188 512 GLOSSARIAL INDEX Fowey, Cornwall, 153 n. Fox, George, 402 fraction, quarrel , 84 (2) frame, put into proper order , 86 (8) ; out of, not in a healthy condition , 407 (19) France, 209 (2), 343 (3). See Louis XIII Frederick, Prince Palatine, 152 (4) Frederick III, Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, 108 n. Frederick III, King of Denmark, 311 (2) free, eager , ready , 85 (4), 102 (1); eagerly, 263 (13) Freeburg, V. O., 256 French, the, help massacre the Pro¬ testants in Savoy, 386; King of, Louis XIII, 86 (8) Friday’s breakfast, a, ?no breakfast at all ( since Friday is a fast-day ), or does it refer merely to the unluck¬ iness of Friday , 103 (6) frocks, white, Charles I’s execution¬ ers in, 490 fruition, 474 (5) fry, contemptuous term for people , 152 (6); to, bum , 370 (12) fuddle, drink to excess , 1 16 (10), 362 (tune), 464 (12) Fuller, Thomas, 179, 195 Furnivall, Frederick James, 179, 265, 444 Gadbury, John, 232 gallant, fine, splendid , 226 (4) gallantly, splendidly , 461 (6) gangrene, 306 (1 1) Gardiner, Samuel Rawson, 9 n., 95, 1 33> T5°> l6°, 188 f., 207,284,320 Garnet, Steven, 5 gate (gait), 170 (10) gay ,fine, beautiful , 293 (4), 412 (10) Gay Collection of pamphlets, Har¬ vard University Library, 150 n., 227 geere (gear ), property, 103 (3) general, in, without exception, 114(1) Germany, 108 Gibs, a criminal, executed, 380 Glisson, Francis, 402 glistering, shining , 429 (5) glooming, 255 (6) glose (gloze), deceive , 240 (3) Gloucester (‘Gloster’), 297 (1 1), 435 (3), 454 (3) God wot, 1 80 (2) golden client, sunflower ( Clytie ), 400 (9) GgW and Frue Christmas Carols , 326 Good Women s Cries Against the Ex¬ cise , Titf, 207 goodfellow, agreeable companion , usually a tippler , 210 (4), 21 1 (7), 213 (10), 464 (12) Goodman, Bishop Geoffrey, 133 good-nights, specimens of, 1 19, 132, 227, 232 Goring, George, Earl of Norwich, 157 n.; ballad on, 241 gossips , friends, 115 (6) Gossips' Feast, Fhe, 20 got, begot, 453 (1) grace, dignity (of a title), 294 (6); God’s, to fall from, 1 55 (3) grac’t (graced), favored, 120 (2) graft, grafted, 253 (2) Graham, James, Marquis of Mont¬ rose, 274, 275 n. grandees, noblemen, 219 (26) 513 CAVALIER AND PURITAN grannam, grandmother, 1 1 6 (9) grat (great), 108 (2) Greene, Robert, 256 Greenwich, a murder near, 383 (15) greet, weep for , 481 (9) Grismond, William, 51 groat ,fourpenny coin> 21 1 (5), 462 (7)) 4^3 (11) Grub-street journalists, 43, 55 grutch, grudge , envy , 210 (3) guilt, gilded., 82 (13) gunpowder, explosion of, in London, 51; Plot, 66, 151 (1) Guy of Warwick, 73 Guy, Robert, 15 gyves ^ fetters^ 142 (14) H., I., balladist, 56 Hackluyt, John, pamphleteer, 32 IT. Hakewill, George, 477 Hales, J. W., 179, 444 Hall, Bishop Joseph, 133, 135 n. Halliwell-Phillipps, James Orchard, 5, 19 n. Hamilton, James, Duke of Hamil¬ ton, Earl of Cambridge, 82 n.; ex¬ ecuted, ballad on, 241 Hammond, Charles, 63; ballad by, 265 Hammond, John, 25, 45, 195, 396. See printers of ballads, works by Hampshire honey, sweet as, 457 (10) hand, out of, immediately , 123 (10), 3 '3 (7) handkercher, handkerchief , 425 (9) hanging of Mrs. Bodenham, 329; of Richard Whitfield, 380; in chains, a murderer’s body, 380 Harleian Miscellany , 107, 150, 160, 208, 214, 361 Harret, George, 106 Harris, John, 14 Harrison, John, 39 Harrison, Lieutenant-General Thomas, 55 Haselrig, Sir Arthur, 488 n. Hastings, Sussex, 171, 173 Hay, Lucy, Countess of Carlisle, 157 n* Hazlitt, William Carew, 19 n., 89, 144, 326 he (noun), man, 90 (1) Head, Richard, 298 head-tyero (head-tire), 416 (5) headed, beheaded , 216 (5) hearts, the Prince of, Charles If 310 (2) Heath, Sir Robert, 157 n. Hector, 93 (1 1) hedged, made hedges , 225 (1) Hedgerow, Cheshire, 477 hees, 123 n. heigh (hey!), 94 (14) Helen of Troy, 429 (5) Hench, John, 106 Henrietta, Princess, 188 Henrietta Maria, Queen, attacked, 150; her brother, Louis XIII, 191 (3); lament of, for the execution of Charles I, a ballad, 47, 236; mentioned in ballads, 66, 124, 188, 249 (2), 318 (6), 364 (9) Henry, Prince, Duke of Gloucester, 188 Henry VII, King, 483 Henry VIII, King, 483 Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales, 60 GLOSSARIAL INDEX Herbert, Philip, Earl of Pembroke and Montgomery, 81 n., 156 n.; ballad satirizing, 304 Herbert, Thomas, 16 ff., 21; elegy on Strafford, 1 19 here (hear), 280 (7) hermaphrodite, 67 Hero and Leander, 349 (5) Herod, 161 (1) heroys (heroes), 253 (3) Herrick, Robert, 95 Hesilrige. See Haselrig het, heated , 210 (5) Hewson, Colonel John, 29 Heywood, Thomas, 19 n., 145, 256, 451 Highgate, London, 468 (6) highway robbers, execution of two, ballad on, 380 Hill, Aaron, 256 Hill, John, 106 Hilton, John, 73 Hind, the, a Cambridge inn, 463 (10) Hindley, Charles, 478 His Majesty's Speech on the Scaffold, 227 hoat (hot), 280 (6) hogsheads, 252 ff., 328 (5) hoisesing (hoisting), 254 (4) hold play , fight, 93 (11) Holland, linen, 322 (4), 416 (4) Holland, Earl of. See Rich Holland, excise begun in, 208 ; treaty of, with England, 341. See Amster¬ dam, Dutch, Rotterdam honest, virtuous , 202, 203 (3), 205 (12), 206 (13), 267 (2, 4), 445 ff., etc. honesty, chastity , 258(3) honey, a term of endearment, 41 1 (5) ; Hampshire, 457 (10) hopeful, that which excites hope, 78 (!), 8l (12), 98 (7) Hopper, Cornet, 106 Hopton, Ralph, Lord, 158 n. horns, an emblem of cuckoldry , 205 (1 2) ; to advance one’s, make cuck¬ old, 1 51 (3) horse of state, 82 (14) hospitality, the decay of, 160 hot, eager, zealous, 84 (1); impetu¬ ously, 91 (4) hot shots, hot-headed fellows, 90 (2) Hough, Margaret, 477 Hough, Thomas, 477 Howard, Thomas, Earl of Arundel and Surrey, 81 n., 158 n. Hoyle, Alderman, hangs himself, 304; kills a minstrel, 50 Hugh Peters's Passing-Bell, 484 humorist, one easily moved by fancy or caprice, 359 (1 12) Husband, Thomas, 106 hye (hie), hasten, 343 (3) Hymen, 475 (8) I (aye), 226 (4) J., T., ballad by, 458 lack, a saucy fellow, 87 (13) ; general namef or a servant, 323 (8); lament of, for Charles II, 362; to play the, act like a jackass, 299 (2) Jack Tell-Troth, 162 (6) ' James I, King, 483; ballad attrib¬ uted to, 60; satire on, 1 50 James II, 188, 274 j ars, quarrels , wars, 1 70 (9) , 246 (17), 343 Jaxon, William, Bishop of London, 81 n. Ibrahim, Sultan, 107 CAVALIER AND PURITAN Jeaffreson, John Cordy, 23 n., 50 n., 53 n-> 57 n-> 65 n*> 373 jealous, fearful, 398 (4) Jenkinson, Wilberforce, 251 Jennings, Theodore, 13, 40, 47, 227, 241 Jermyn, Henry, 125 jest, story , tale, 260 (6), 263 (12 f.), 266 (1), 268 (5), 272 (12), 297 (1 1), 459 M Jesuits, 130 (10), 131, 153 (8) Jew, 141 (9), 239 (3), 307 (18), 346 (8) jig, a lively dance , 488 (7) import, concerns , 8 5 (4) Inchiquin, Lord. See O’Brien Independents' Loyalty , Fhe, 46 Indian, the, 157 (11) n. infected, perverted (of religious be- liejs), 175 (2) ins, in ( hi)s , 13 1 (11) install, gm? <2 /6), 97 (3)> io4 (9)> J53 (7) John and Bess, a ballad, 409 Jonathan and David, 92 (8) Jones, Michael, Parliament’s lieu¬ tenant-general in Ireland, 284,288 Jones, Thomas, balladist, 20, 458 Jonson, Ben, 17 Jordan, River, 176 (3) Jordan, Thomas, 14, 348, 458 Josselin, Ralph, 403, 478 jovall (jovial), 209 (1) Jove, 252 (2), 285 (1), 350 (6), 395 (13). See Jupiter Joy, Thomas, balladist, 20, 62, 458 ioyncture (jointure), estate settled be¬ fore marriage on the wife, 1 57 (9) Ipswich, two servants scalded to death at, 366 Ireland, Lord Inchiquin’s victories in, ballads on, 284, 288 Ireton, Henry, 222 (2), 288 Irish, the, 87 (12), 217 (10), 249 (4), 386 I’se (‘ice’), dialectic for I shall, 294 (5) Islington, Co. Middlesex, 300 (5), 468 (5) itching ears, 146 (3) ith, in the , 87 (13), 97 (5), 98 (9), 176 (3), etc. it’s (its), 431 (7) Judas, 281 (11), 448 (6) Judgment Day predicted, 199 (n), 220 (27) Juncto (junto), a term for the Crom- well-Fairfax group , 290 (9) Jupiter, 252 (2), 285 (1). See Jove Justice Long (cf. Modern Philology, XVI, 125), 9 justly, by right, 90 (1) Kemp, Jeremy, 371 Kent, murder and robbery in, ballad on, 380 Kentish Fair, Fhe, 40 Kentish Town, London, 487 (3) ketch, catch, 185 (4) Kilkenny, Leinster, Ireland, 289 (3) kind, loving, 116 (8), 356 (11, 28); by, with things of the same kind , 269 (7), 303 (16), 456 (8) GLOSS ARIAL INDEX kine, cattle , 102 (3) Kingdom s W eekly Intelligencer , fhe, 22 Kirkman, Francis, 298 kissing, delights of, ballads on, 391, 451 Knack to Know a Knave , A , 256 Knaves Are No Honest Men , 29 knighthood, i.e ., the custom of forc¬ ing those who had £40 a year to re¬ ceive knighthood or be fined , revived by Charles I in January , /djo, 140 (3) lackey-boy, 118 (15) lade down (laid down), embroidered ( with lace ), 294 (5) lady-day, March 25 , 216 (8) Lady Pecunia and Hell, 354 Ladies ’ Dictionary , Vhe, 451 Lam (Lamb), an anabaptist, 171 Lamb, the, Charles I and Charles If 47 8 Lamb's Defence against Lies , Vhe, 403 Lamb, Dr. John, 329 f. Lambert, ? Lambeth, 278 Lambert, Major-General John, 55 Lambeth, Southwark, an atheist in, ballad on, 277 Lancaster rose, i.e., the red rose of the Royal House of Lancaster, 223 (4) Lanfiere, Thomas, balladist, 63 large, -plenty, 181 (4) Latham, Simon, 37 Laud, William, Archbishop of Can¬ terbury, 18 f., 23, 81 n., 134 (2), 137 n., ?i 53 (9), 157 n.; examines Martin Parker, 10; satires on, 10, 132 Laughing Mercury , Vhe, 43 n., 58 ff. See Crouch, John Lawrd (Lord), 290 (10) Layton, John, 106 leads, plates of lead covering a roof, 407 (21) Leander and Hero, 351 (13) least (lest), 1 16 (7), 169 (7), 333 (9), 445 lector, lectern, the reading-desk of a church, 287 (5) legion of angels, 82 (15); of devils, 3° 7 (J7) Leirmouth, Lieutenant John, 106 Leisley, Robert, 106 Lemon, Robert, 133, 227 Leslie, Alexander, Earl of Leven, Scottish general, 8, 155 (2) L’Estrange, Sir Nicholas, 50 L’Estrange, Sir Roger, 171 n. level, purpose, design, 85 (6) Levi and Simeon, 141 (10) Levingston, Allen, 106 Lex Valionis, 184 libels, 57, 65 licensers, ballads allowed by, 46, 57, 64 ; petition to do away with, in 1649. 45; regulations for, I2f.,52, 54; signatures of, to ballads, 200, 227, 231,241 liege people, 122 (7) like, likely, 313 (9) like of, love, 438 (12) Lilburne, Lieutenant-Colonel John, 222 (2) Lilly, William, 53, 214, 290 (8) Linkorn (Lincoln), 482 (11) Littleton, Edward, Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal, 156 n. 517 CAVALIER AND PURITAN lobcock, a country bumpkin , a clown , 415 (2) Lockier, Lionel, ballad by, 320 London, the state of, in 1642, des¬ cribed, 144; tradesmen of, their complaint, 180 London Road, Pontefract, 272 (12) long lives, examples of, 477 Long, Justice (see Modern Philol¬ ogy , XVI, 125), 9 Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, 256 Lookes, John, 5,11, 20, 39 f.; ballad by, 125; facts about, 126 loose (lose), 142 (14), 213 (10), 275 (5)» 333 (8) Louis XIII, King of France, 86 (8), 191 (3) lovely, enticing , 252 (1) lowance, ? portion of food allowed by the rules of warfare , 102 (2) Loyal Garland , Phe, 348 luke (look), 99 (10) lurch, cheat , swindle , 282 (15) lurdain (lurdan, lurden), blockhead , dolt , 170 (9) lure, a decoy used in falconry , 374 (3) lusty, bulky , 252 ff. ; pleasant, 140 (1); lively , vigorous , 381 (4), 4°9> 413 (12)>42i Luttrell Collection, 4, 53 n., 144; ballad from, 139 lye by, (&*V/) £7, 259 (5) Mabbott, Gilbert, 13, 28, 45, 54, 64, 160, 195, 341 Macclesfield, Cheshire, 478 mach (match), marry, 302 (11)5431 (8, 9) ‘MachiavillianSjVAayj/d’j ofMachi- avelli , 96 Mackay, Charles, 3 Mackmouth, Hector, 106 Macquire, John, 34 n. Maidstone, Kent, a robber pressed to death at, 380 main, the ocean {or is it the air?), 363 (5) male content (malcontent), 359 (112) ‘malt’s come down,’ a tune, 212 (8) Malta, Knights of, 111 (13) maltman deceived by a chaste wife, 266 Man in the Moon , Phe , 49, 51,58#. See Crouch, John Man, Nath., a tapwoman, 484 n. Manchester ballad-collection des¬ cribed, 5 f.; referred to, 7 n., 22, 24 n., 25, 3^ 45 * 26, J44> 433; ballads from, reprinted, 95, 107, 113, 125, 171, 179, 188, 195, 201, 207, 214, 224, 232, 236, 241, 247, 251, 256, 265, 273, 277, 284, 29L298, 309, 329, 379,396 Manchester, Earl of. See Montagu many. See a many Margery Marprelate, 101. See Vox Borealis M arlborough, ballad-singer whipped at, 55 marry (Mary!), 226 (4) Mars, 254 (4), 285 (2) martialist, soldier , 91 (5) Martin, Ann, drowned by Samuel Oates, 172 f. Mary, Princess Royal of England, Princess of Orange, 154, 188 Mary I, Queen of England, 481 (7), 483 Mary Queen of Scots, 101 Mary gold (marigold), 400 (9) 5i8 GLOSS ARIAL INDEX masking, masquerading or ( more ■probably) court-masques , 255 (5) Mason, William, 256 massacre of the Protestants in Savoy, ballad on, 385 Massinger, Philip, 64 masty dogs, mastiffs, 158 (14) Maurice, Prince, son of Frederick, Elector Palatine, and Elizabeth, James Ps daughter, 25 Mayeres, Randolph, 145 me (my), 463 (10) meash-tun (mash-tun), two people scalded to death in a, 367, 368 (4) meat, food, 359 (99X407 (17X442 (8) meddle, dally amorously, 295 (7) Meg, Mumping, and Willy, 299 Melpomene, 238 (1) Mennis, Sir John, 14, 65 Mercuries Message, 10, 17 Mercuries Message Defended, 1 8 Mercurius Anti-Mercurius , 39 Mercurius Aulicus , 22 Mercurius Britanicus Alive Again, 68 Mercurius Britannicus, 22, 44 n., 145 Mercurius Censorious, 44 n. Mercurius Civicus, 22 f. Mercurius Democritus, 42, 55, 58 IT., 373; ballads reprinted from, 325, 326, 339. See Crouch, John Mercurius Democritus His Last Will, 44 n. Mercurius Dogmaticus, 39 Mercurius Elencticus, 30, 33 n., 38, 41 f., 44 n., 48 n., 50 n., 71 Mercurius Fidelicus , 43 n. Mercurius Fumigosus, 58 ff., 65, 372 f.; ballads from, 348, 352. See Crouch, John Mercurius Impartialis, 15 Mercurius Mastix, 43 n., 44 n. Mercurius Melancholicus, 17, 32 ff. Mercurius Militaris, 14, 32 Mercurius Morbicus, 34 Mercurius Politicus, 63 Mercurius Pragmaticus, 32 ff., 45, 5 3, i26> 221 Mercurius Pragmaticus ( for King Charls II), 33 n., 49 f. Merlinus Anonymus, 56, 145 Merry Drollery, 51 n., 69 f., 348, 485 messengers of state, 226 (4) Mildmay, Sir Elenry, 307 n., 488 n. Milton, John, 44, 135 n., 385 Milverne, John, 106 mind, to her, to her liking, 259 (5) miniver, fur, 79 (6) minstrels, Act against, 70; one of them murdered in Yorkshire, 50; whipped in Yorkshire, 55 Mirabilis Annus, 484 Mirror for Magistrates , A, 242 miscarriage, bad actions, 244 (6) miscarries, troubles, 234 (4) misen (mizzenmast), 394 (11) miss ,fail, 292 (1) Moderate Intelligencer, Phe, 167 moiling, toiling , 364 (8) mom bene, ?be mum {silent), 483 moneth (month), 123 (10) Monk (Monck), General George, Duke of Albemarle, 73, 171 monopolies, 140 (3) Montagu, Henry, Earl of Manches¬ ter, 81 n. Montgomery, Hugh, Viscount of Ards, 288 Montrose, Marquis of. See Graham 5J9 CAVALIER AND PURITAN Moorfields, two people scalded to death at, 366; murderer hanged at, 7 more bolder, 293 (3) Morgan, Bishop Owen, 133 Morton, Bishop Thomas, 133 motion, proposal) 161 (3), 269 (7) ‘motto’ on a ballad, 236, 238 Mount, the, a hill and castle-fort in Drogheda , 289 (5) Mournful Cries of Many Poor tradesmen , 179 mouse-trap, a, and Peters the post, 201 movers, originators , 191 (4) moyling, toiling , 364 (8) muck-worms, -persons of the lowest origin or morally degraded^ 253 (2) Muddiman, J.G. (“J.B. Williams”), J3> 33 n-> 37 n*> M n., 45 n-> 4$ n., 54 n., 58 n., 59 n., 63 n., 484 mumpt (mumped), deceived , got the better of , 299 ff. mungrell (mongrel), 203 (3) Murad IV, Sultan, 107 Musarum Deliciaey 65 Musarum Oxoniensum , 341 muses, the. See nine muses musqueteers, 91 (3) Mussell, Francis, balladist, 1 1 Nancy and Dick, ballad of, 415 Naseby, battle of, 26, 160 Naylor, James, 69, 402 near, never the, to be unsuccessful , 249 (5) neare (ne’er), 122 (6) Nedham, Marchamont, 63 neighbourhood, neighborly conduct or feeling) 87 (10) Neptune, 254 (4) Newburn, Scots defeat the English at, ballad on, 89, 95 Newcastle captured by the Scots, a ballad, 89 Newgate prison, London, 54, 382 (12) news-books. See pamphlets, printers newspapers, origin of, via ballads, 43 Nicholas, Sir Edward, 241 nine muses, the, 78 (1), 238 (1) noble, a coin worth six shillings and eightpencey 182 (6), 417 (8) nor, than) 292 ff. Norris, Abigail, 366 Northfolk, Sergeant, captures Hugh Peters, 484 nothing, not at all) 397 (2) Northumberland, Earl of. See Percy Norwich, 173; Earl of, see Goring Notestein, Wallace, 330 Now or Never , 62 n. Oates, Samuel, 171 ff. Oates, Titus, 1 71 Oblivion, Act of, in Scotland, 313 (8) O’Brien, Murrough, Earl of Inchi- quin, defeats Parliament’s, army in Ireland, ballads on, 46, 284, 288 of (off), 176 (3), 252 (1), 267 (2) Ogley, Sergeant James, 106 oil of barley, beery 461 (6) Old Street, London, 371 Oldisworth, Michael, 304 Olympus, 285 (1 f.) on (one), 303 (15), 432 (9) ons, of his y 306 (13) or (o’er), 255 (6) orderly, in order, 105 (13) 5 20 GLOSSARIAL INDEX ordnance, 148 (10) Ormerod, George, 477 Ormonde, Marquess of. See Butler Osbaldeston, Lambert, Master of Westminster School. He was tried in the Star Chamber in 1639 f°r libeling Laud and was sentenced to a fine of £10,000 and to the loss of his ears. He evaded the latter part of his sentence, and he was afterwards pardoned by the Long Parliament, 154 otlC, on the , 9 2 (7), 123 (12), etc.; of the , 92 (8), 93 (n) out of hand, immediately , 123 (10), 313 (7) outdaring, 87 (11) overloving, 356 (28) overmatched, outdone , overcome , 440 Owen, Bishop John, 133 Owen, Sir John, ballad on, 241 Oxford, loyal ballads printed at, 23> 73 Oxford Drollery , 348 oyster-wench, 300 (6) oyster-woman, 360 (1 17) P., T., ballad by, 28 pace, space of time , 453 (2) packing, hastening away> 363 (3) paint, beautify , 322 (3) pamphlets, Civil-War, amnesty granted to, 54; balladists write, 31 ff.; history of, from 1647 to 1651, 32 ff.; licensed, 21 f., 53; medium for publishing ballads, 58 ff.; numbers printed and prices of, 44; origin of, explained, 21; printing of, laws against, 26, 36, 49, 63; satirized, 43; sensational subject-matter of, 55; written by actors, 14 Paphos’ Queen, Venus , 286 (2) papists, 142 (n, 12), 185 (3), 386, 480 (6) Parker, Martin, 7, 9, 14, 24, 27, 37, 251, 273, 385; an ale-house-keep¬ er, 10; allusions to, 67, 126; ballads by, referred to, 20, 23, 107, 160; ballads by, reprinted, 77, 83, 89, 95, 100; ballads of, against the Scots, 7 ff.; “the Bishops’ poet,” 16; devotion of, to Charles I, 8, 77, 83, 89; edits Mercurius Mel- ancholicus , 34; examined by the Court of High Commission for libelous ballads, 10; his bride and, sent to Newgate, 34; hostility of, to the Scots, 7 ff., 83; Parliament urged to suppress his ballads, 15 f.; a Royalist pamphleteer, 32 ff.; satires on, 17 Parliament, the Long, achievements of, ballad on, 139; ballads attack¬ ing, 28, 1 84, 224, 285, 336; ballad- books suppressed by, 66 f.; the Bishops’ Protest and, 133; excise- law of, attacked, 207; dissolution of, in 1653, ballads on, 56; Four Bills of, and Charles I, ballad on, 188; pamphlets licensed by, 21 f.; praised in ballads, 23, 139; print¬ ing, laws against, 26, 36 ff., 54 ff., 63; Saltmarsh’s advice to, 195; Second Civil War and, ballad on, 241; tradesmen hostile to, J79; Treason Act of 1649 passed by, 42; urged to suppress ballads, 1 1, 156 See Army, ballads, Charles I, Cromwell, pamphlets, printing Parliament, the Scottish, articles of, with Charles II, ballad on, 309 Parliament, the Short, opening of, described, 77 Parliament Kite , Phe> 71 Parliament Porter, Phe, 41 521 CAVALIER AND PURITAN Parliament Scout , Fhe, 22, 55 Parnassus Biceps , 66 Parnel, James, ballad on, 402 Parr, Thomas, 477 Partridge, John, 37 pash, ?to eat violently or voraciously , 17° (8) pass one’s word, go on a bond, 1 17 (14) patent, Symcocke’s, on broadside printing, 12 patentees, the holders of monopolies or patents, 209 (1), 245 (13) Paulet, John, 80 n. Paxton, Alexander, 106 peacocks, ? vainglorious ancestors , 449 (IO) Pecunia, Lady, 354 Peele, George, 64 pell-mell, 104 (10) Pembroke, Earl of. See Herbert Pennington, Alderman Sir Isaac, 1 5 pention (pension), 212 (9) Pepys, Samuel, ballad-collection of, 5> 47> 39L433* 45L4&5 Percy Folio Manuscript , 179, 444 Percy, Algernon, Earl of Northum¬ berland, 83 Percy, Henry, 125 perdie (pardy), 165 (6) Perfect Account of the Daily Intelli¬ gence, A, 372, 385 Perfect Diurnal, A, 43 n. Perfect Occurrences, 42 Perfect Proceedings of State Affairs, 385 period, end, 170 (9) perplex, harass, torment, 281 (8), 334 (13) Peter House, a London prison, 39 Peters, a Rotterdam postman, caught in a mouse-trap, 201 Peters, Hugh, 288; ballad on, 484 Petre, Lord William, 39 Pharisee, 278 Philip IV, King of Spain, 31 1 (2) Phoenix Britannicus, 8 n., 14 n., 89 Pierce, Bishop William, 133 pigmies, 73 Pills to Purge Melancholy . See D’Urfey Pillulae Radii s Solis Extractae, 320 pin, to weigh it not a, esteem slightly, 259 (5) pind (pinned), 481 (7) pin’d (pined), punished, 141 (10) pinies (pinnace), 448 n. pit, grave, 231 (12) planets, the seven noble, i.e., Jupi¬ ter, Mars, V enus, Mercury , Saturn, Neptune , Uranus, 285 (1) play, scheme , plot, 268 (5); to dally amorously, 270 (9), 297 (10) plays, large number published, 64; suppression of, 14, 31, 40, 53, 58, 66 Playford, John, 51, 73, 414; Fhe Dancing Master , 315 pleasant , pleasing, 114, 257 (tune) plenteously, 453 (2) Pliny, 45 1 plume, Fa prize won by contest, 253 0) Pluto, 336 (7), 441 (6); and Lady Pecunia, 355 pockets, loose in the, 151 (2) Poems on Affairs of State, 341 poets, none in Hell, 357 (48) Poland, 108 Polanders, the, no (7) 77 GLOSSARIAL INDEX Polonian, Polish, hi (14) Pontefract Castle, capture of, in 1649, 265 Pope, the (Urban VIII), 109 (4), 132, 136 (8); (Innocent X), 159 (17); (Alexander VII), 478; the Popes, 157 (12) Popes Proclamation , Phe, 16 f. Popery attacked, 131 (12), 132, 146 (2), 152(8), 163, 164(1), 185(1), 312 (5)>385ff->396 Porter, Charles, 95 Porter, Endymion, 95 Porter, Robert, 51 posting, traveling rapidly , 204 (8) potent(ate), 239 (2) powdering-tub, prison , 9 prate, talk idly , 395 (12) predictions, strange, in 1647, *95- See prophecies ’ presage, predict, 215 (2) preseident (president), occupying chief place, 337 (1) preserves, conserves , 323 (7) Press Full of Pamphlets, A, 'll pressing to death, 380 Preston, battle of, 241 prethee (prithee), 294 (6), 339 (1), 411 (6), 412 (1 1 ), 416 (3) Priam’s ‘only heir’, ALneas , 430 (7) Price, Laurence, 5, 7, 1 1, 16, 20, 39, 53> 62> 67, 145, 160, 391, 420; bal¬ lads by, 1 1 9, 372, 379, 402, 409, 4H> 433 > 439 Pride, Colonel Thomas, 29, 171 Primrose Hill, London, 469 (6) Prince, the, i.e., Prince Charles. See Charles II printers, loyal, courage of, 48 printers of ballads, works by, here reprinted: Andrews, John, 390, 395, 450, 470; Burton, Richard, 124, 256, 264, 272, 319, 365, 432, 464, 477, 483; Clarke, John, 360; Coles, Francis, 347, 408, 443, 490; D., C., 2835 E., A., 314? E., H., 250; F.,M. (PMiles Flesher), 118; Gilbertson, William, 347, 408, 413, 419, 490; Griffin, Edward, 88, 94, 99, 100; Grove, Francis, 183. 246, 303. 378» 384, 438, 476; Hammond, John (q.v.), 194, 200, 206, 213, 297, 401 ; Harper, Rich¬ ard, 1 12, 1 18, 149; Ibbitson, Rob¬ ert, 231; J., W., 276; Lambert, Thomas, 13 1 ; S., T., 255; Vere, Thomas, 347, 371, 408, 425, 443, 457) 49°; Wright, John, 347, 408, 443; Walkley, Thomas, 77 printers, works by, referred to: Andrews, John, 64 n.; Broad, Thomas, 477; Brown, James, 309; Burton, Richard, 57 f., 64 ; Crouch, Edward, Humphrey, John ( see entries under their names ) ; Eeles, Robert, 54; Gosson, Henry, 107; Grove, Francis, 51 f., 126, 227, 402 n., 403 n. ; Gustavus, Charles, 72; Herringman, Henry, 65 ; Hor¬ ton, George, 62 n., 65 n.; Ibbit¬ son, Robert, 195, 309, 396; Lock, Robert, 65 n.; Pollard, Robert, 66 ;Symcocke, Thomas, i2;Trun- dle, John, 372 ;Underhill, Thomas, 139; Vaughan, Robert, 52 printing, laws regulating, in 1647- 48, 36 ff., in 1649, 48, in 1651-53, 54, 56, in 1656, 66 f.; petition for freedom of, in 1649, 45 Priscian, 273 prodictions, misprint f or predic¬ tions, 196 prodigal, extravagant spender, 261 (9) 523 CAVALIER AND PURITAN prodigies, 31, 45, 67, 218 (18), 232, 329> 36i>372> 477> 4^5 promoters, informers , 226 (4) proper, handsome , 115 (5), 257 (2), 412 (10); special , one' 's own , 79 (5) properate, hasten , 170 (9) prophecies, 53, 195, 214, 477 Protest of the Bishops in 1642, satire on, 132 pro v^, put to trial , 293 (3), 394 (7), 397 (2)5427 (1 )\tum out to be, 43° (6) proverbs: All’snotgold that’s bright, 430 (7) ; canes qui multum latrant raro mordent, 1 69 (7) ; care kills a cat, 1 16 (9); every man isn’t born to be drowned, 351 (13); fair nut, a, may prove rotten, 430 (7); highest climbers have the great¬ est fall, 122 (8), 481 (9); if he is bound, he must obey, 363 (4); kissing goes by favor, but marri¬ age and hanging go by destiny, 453; look before you leap, 263 (13); marriage and hanging go by des¬ tiny, but kissing goes by favor, 263 (13); money, too much, makes men mad, 117 (n); much trust¬ ing breeds much danger, 297 (10) ; oar, to have an, in every man’s boat, 14 1 (8); pitcher, the, goes to the well so often that it becomes broken, 103(4); serpent, the, low¬ ers in the fairest flowers, 430 (6); sweet meat has sour sauce, 104 (1 1); ’tis not money makes a man wise, 114; true, all that is spoken isn’t, 430 (7) ; when Easter- day sitteth in lady-day’s lap, England must beware of a clap, 216 (8) provoking meats, aphrodisiacs , 359 (") Prynne, William, 154 Psalms, the, quoted, 146, 279 (3) Publick Intelligencer , Ehe, 63 Pudsey, Faith, 100 Pudsey, Thomas, 100 puling, crying , childish , 169 (5) Puttenham, George, 273 Pym, John, 29, 207 Quakers, ballads attacking, 69, 402; woodcuts attacked by, 68 quality, profession, 114 (1) Quarles, John, 241 Quarterman, Marshal, 29 quean, harlot , wanton , 359 (106), 449 (I0) quit, relieved {of a siege), 289 (3) quittance, receipt, 270 (9) quotidial, quotidian, daily, 102 (3) R., T., 485; ballad by, 361. See Robins Rainow Township, Cheshire, 478 ramming, driving piles into the earth, 181 (3) Ramsay, Colonel, 100 Ramsey, James, 106 randevous (rendezvous), 106 range, arrange, 79 (5) rank and file, placed, 168 (2) rant, riot, be noisily jolly, 459 flf. Ranters, an English Antinomian sect, defended by Lockier, 320 x2it,fig.for an old lecherer, 202 ff. Ratcliff (‘Ratliffe’), 372, 468 (4) rate, chide, 1 65 (6) ; at dear, at a high price, 165 (6); of an easy, of loose morals, 170 (10) rattle-heads, 140 (1) Ravenscroft, Edward, 256 Rawlinson ballad-collection, 5; bal¬ lad reprinted from, 439 524 GLOSSARIAL INDEX rayes (rays), my royal, ?my royal rank , 228 (1) Raymond, Thomas, 48 readest (readiest), 454 (4) ready, ? already , 1 80 (2) real, regal, royally splendid , 475 (7), 476 (9) rear, advance , 165 (4); raise up , 271 (11) Rebells' Warning-Riece, The, 304 receivers, tax-collectors , 215 (3), 218 (18) regicide, ballad on a, 484 relapse, backsliding into vice or evil , 243 relaxation, release from imprison¬ ment , 90 relenting, weakening Jailing, 472 (3) reversion, fortune, estate {a legal term), 115 (4) Reynolds, John, 241, 361 Rich, Henry, Earl of Holland, exe¬ cuted, ballad on, 241 Ridge, William, 106 rings for weddings, use of, attacked, 397 rivolet (rivulet), 81 (12) roar, revel, swagger, 155 (2), 460 (4) roaring, swaggering, 448 (8), 459 Robin, Anniseed-water, 97 Robin Goodfellow, 73 Robins, Thomas, balladist, 20, 62, 36i>485 Robinson, Luke, 489 n. Roe, George, 24 Rollins, Hyder Edward, 34 n., 42 n., 53 n., 361; Old English Ballads, 160; A Pepysian Garland, 15 n., io7> 195, 33°. 36t Rome, 108 (1), 152 (8) rome (room), 271 (11) room, to have my, dispense with my services, 168 (2) rore. See roar rosemary for weddings, 397 rotten, untrustworthy , 363 (3) Rotterdam, a postman of, ballad on, 202 Roundhead, 185 (3), 397 (2) Rous, Francis, 126 Rous, John, 19 n. rowling (rolling) eye, a sign of wan¬ tonness, 258 (2) Roxburghe Ballads, The (vols. I-III, ed. Chappell, q.v.; vols. IV-IX, ed. Ebsworth, q.v.), 3, 5, 19 n., 23 n., 25 n., 51 n., 60 n., 61 n., 73, 107, 1 13, 126, 144, 160, 179, 221, 232, 236, 265, 385, 391,414, 458 royal (perhaps occasionally a mis¬ take for loyal), generous, munifi¬ cent, 253 (2), 258 (4), 308 (22) ruled, to be, advised, instructed, 204 (7) Rump, 20, 29, 31 n., 51 n., 69 Rump Parliament, 73, 486 (1 f.) Rumper, a member of the Rump Parliameyit , 488 (7) Rupert, Prince, 25, 1 50, 273, 285 Rushworth, John, 13, 16 n., 36 n., 37 n. Rymer, Thomas, 256 ryports (reports), 287 (6) S., S., balladist, 56, ^9. See Smithson Sackville, Sir Edward, Earl of Dor¬ set, 1 57 n. sails, to strike one’s, surrender, 94 (14) Saint David of Wales, 137 (14) Saint George of England, 85 (4) 525 CAVALIER AND PURITAN Saint Mary-le-Bow, London, 251 Saint Paul’s Cathedral, 356 (29 ff.), referring to the alleged plan of the Commonwealth to sell it to the jews for a synagogue Saints, the Elects a name applied to the sectarians by themselves, 176 (4), 197 (6),322ff. Salisbury, Anne Bodenham exe¬ cuted at, 329 sallats (salads), 359 (100) salluted, influenced , affected , 445 (1) Saltmarsh, John, ballad on and tracts by, 45, 195 Saltmarsh, Mary, 195 salutation, greeting {kissing), 438 (12) salute, greet {kiss), 448 (6) Samson, 429 (5) savor, scent, 431 (8) Savoy, massacre of the Protestants in, ballad on, 385 scalding, two people die from, 366 scape, escape, 205 (12) schismatical, 440, 441 (6) schreeking (shrieking), 229 (6) Scobell, Henry, 341 Scoggins Jests, 17 n., 64 score, to ‘ chalk ’ one’s charges for drink, to sell on credit, 21 1 (7) score, a bill of charges for liquor , 143 (15), 269 (7), 462 (8), 463 (10); on the, in debt, 268 (5) Scot, Thomas, 488 n. Scots, the, ballads against, 83, 89, 95, 101, the government’s atti¬ tude towards, 7, Parker examined because of his, 9 f.; Charles II crowned by, in 1651, ballad on, 309; defeat the English at New- burn, a ballad, 89; defeated at 526 Stapleton, a ballad, 101; enemies of the English Church, 441 (5); praised, 140 (4); fifteen thousand, defeated by two Welshmen, a ballad, 89; referred to, 215 (3), 217 (14), 218 (16, 20), 223 (6), 2 39 (3)>3° 7 (l6) Scots’ Scout’s Discoveries, Phe, 8 n., 14, 89 Scott, Sir Walter, 304, 451 Second Civil War (1648), ballad on, 241 Second Message to William Laud, A, 18 sectarians attacked, 24 f., 282 (14), 312 (5). See Dissenters Selden, John, 37 send, grant, 99 (12) sennet, sennight , 448 (8) sentence, sayings, 109 (4) Separatists, ballad attacking, 175 sequestrator, a trustee in control of property upon which creditors have claims, 219 (23) seres, 266 n. set by, esteemed, 245 (10) Several Proceedings of Parliament, 57 Several Speeches of Duke Hamilton , etc., 241 Shakespeare, 14, 256, 304 Shaw, George, Sergeant-Major, 95 shent, ruined, injured, 271 (1 1) Sheppard, Samuel, attitude of, to¬ wards Parker and John Taylor, 17; as a Royalist pamphleteer, 32 ff.; as a licensed pamphleteer, 53; ballads possibly by, 56; PheW eep- ers, 61 ship-money, a tax imposed by Charles I upon sea-ports and trading-towns to provide for war-ships, 140 (3) GLOSSARIAL INDEX Shipton, Mother, 478 Shirley, James, 361 Shooter’s Hill, Kent, robbery and murder at, ballad on, 380 Shoreditch, London, two people scalded to death near, 367, 371 Short Parliament, opening of, bal¬ lad on, 77 shred pie, mince-pie , 162 (6) shroud, hide^ 216 (7) Simeon and Levi, 141 (10) ‘Simon Minced-pie,’ 160 simple, foolish, 359 (1 1 5) simply, foolishly, 333 (9) Simpson, William, 106 sisters, the sweet, i.e ., wanton mem¬ bers of the so-called elects 205 (11) sith, since y 189 (1) sixt, sixth y 244 (8) skinker, tapster , landlord of a tavern , 327 (4) Skinner, Bishop Robert, 133 slabered (slabbered), 417 (9) slender, feeble y weak , 43 1 (9) Smallbeer, Drawer, 67 smarted, suffered pain , 190 (3) Smith, Dr. James, 65 Smith, Richard, a murderer, 7 Smith, Lieutenant Sir Thomas, 100, 102 Smith, Tom, ballad by, 273 Smithson, Samuel, 20, 56, 59, 62, 67, 145, 426; ballads by, 391, 471 smoke, tobacco y 99 (11), ?i 57 (11) snake, the Devil disguises himself as a, 334 (13) snapping y peevishness y 299 (3) soap-makers protest the excise, 207 sod, boiled y 323 (7) Sol, 375 (7) soldier, a, of Parliament, the mer¬ cenary, a ballad, 167; mumped by Meg, 298; the pay of, 167; a woman serves as, 61; the wooing of, 291 ; the zealous, a ballad, 163 Soldiers' Accompty They 167 solid, trustworthy [orthodox] , 440 Soloma Hometh, 107 Solomon, 429 (5) Songs and Poems of Love and Drol¬ lery y 65 sort, class of people , 159 (18), 182 (5)> 442 (9) sots, fools y 90 (2) Southwark, deplorable news from, a ballad, 421; Hugh Peters cap¬ tured in, 484 space, time, 80 (7) Spain, enemiesoftheEnglish Church fostered in, 441 (5); excise devel¬ oped in, 209 (2); King of, Philip IV, 31 1 (2); naval battle of, with Holland in 1639, 1 17 (12), 126 Spanish Frank, (?) 156 (6) spark, gay fellow y 272 (12), 345 (7); gayy sprightly womany 258 (3) spend, confer , impart , 177 (7) spit, pierce , transfix , 169 (7) spittle (spital), Bridewell , 362 (1) Spittlehouse, John, 174 sport, copulate , 270 (9); enjoy, 468 (5) Sportive W it y 66 f. spots, conscious, acknowledged moral faultSy 90 (2) spouseall (spousal), marriage , 471 (1) spring, bring forth y 317 (2) spurn against, at, object to , complain of , 146 (3). 225 (3) 527 CAVALIER AND PURITAN squench, quench , 21 i (5) Stage-Players’ Complaint , Phe, 125 Stalham, John, 173 Stapleton, Co. Durham, Scots de¬ feated at, 102 Starbucke, William, balladist, 23 Starkey, George, 320 start, deviate , 401 (13) state, the United Provinces of the Netherlands , 158 (15); one’ s per¬ sonal financial condition , 116 (8), 117 (h) Stationers’ Company, power of, over ballads lost, 13, 64; the Remon¬ strance of, 1 2 stay, delay {marrying) , 257 (1), 295 (7), 297 (n) steel the forehead, ?make stubborn or hard-headed^ 157 (9) Stewart, Sir Thomas, 288 stick to one, to, 419 (14) ‘Stiff, Mary,’ 207 Stiles, Anne, bewitched, 329 Stisted, Essex, 171 stitch, to go through, complete the matter , 302 (12) stob (stab), 281 (1 1) Stockbridge, a market-town near Southampton, 333 (10) store, abundance , 1 1 5 (7), 168 (3), 180 (1), 181 (4), 219 (25), 345 (6), 376 (16) ; abundantly) 168 (2), 301 (10) stored, well supplied , 447 (5) Stow, John, 29 Strafford, Earl of. See Wentworth straggled, 443 (IJ) strife, to finish the, conclude an affair) 436 (6) stur (stir), to keep a, make a com¬ motion ) 335 (17) Suckling, Sir John, 125, 348 suddenly, at once) 285, 313 (7) sun (son), 249 (8), 250 (10) suppliant, 400 (9) Surrey, 487 (4); anabaptists in, 172 suter (suitor), 262 (11) sutler, a person who follows an army to sell liquors , etc ., to the soldiers , 168 (2) suttle (subtle), 105 (14) swearing attacked, 165 (5), 305 (4) Sweden, King of, Charles X, 3 1 1 (2) sweetheart, 203 (6), 261 (8, 9), 268 (6), 269 (8), 270 (8), 271 (10 f.), 292 (1), 294 (5), 299 (2, 3), etc. sweet-honey, a term of endearment) 204 (9) sweeting, sweetheart , 397 (1), 427 Sweet-lips, Mrs., 203 (5) sweetmeats, 323 (7) taffety (taffeta), 416 (4) taine, taken , 104 (12), 287 (5), 398 (3). See tane Tamburlaine, 455 (7) tane, taken) 40, 96 (1), 178 (8), 289 (5)> 443 C11)- See taine Tantalus, 407 (23) tantara refrains, 273 tap, spiggot) 1 16 (10) Tartarians, Tartars , no (10) tattling, idle talking , 489 (7) taxing receivers, tax-collectors , 215 (3) Taylor, John, the Water Poet, 14, 16 ff., 21, 42, 60, 160; as a Royal¬ ist pamphleteer, 32 ff. Taylor, Martha, 361 Taylors Physicke , by Henry Wal¬ ker, 17 52 8 GLOSSARIAL INDEX Teague, John, 50 teaster (testern), sixpence , 117 (11) tell (till), 175, 212 (9), 295 (7) termiles (? turmoils), 449 (9) thare (there), 421 (1) tha’st, 170 (10) n. the (thee), 432 (10) theatre, raid on a, 66. See plays their (there), 103 (4), 204(7) then, than, passim there (their), 209 (1), 222 (2), 337 (i> 2) Thersites, 169 (8) Thistle of Scotland, 249 (4) tho, then, 169 (6) Thomas, John, 17 Thomason, George, ballad-collec¬ tion of, referred to, 3 f., 6, 44, 46 f., 57; ballads reprinted from, 132, 144, 150, 154, 160, 163, 167, 184, 21 1, 227, 288, 304, 320, 325, 326, 336> 348, 352> 354 Thompson, Hugh Peters alias, 484, 486 Thoms, W. J., 50 n. thorough, thorow, through, 302 (12), 3l8 (6)> 31 9 (7)» 394 (10), 449 (9) thorowly, thoroughly , 322 though (tho), then, 333 (10) thouls, dialectic for thou wilt , 294 (5) thrall , fig. for bondage, 114 (2), 324 (1^,429 (4) through, on account of, 1 80 throughly, thoroughly, 210 (5) thrum, thread left on a loom after the web is cut off, 229 (4) thumper, a ‘ whopper ,' 488 (7) Thurloe, John, 341 Times' Alteration, 125 Titans, war of, against Jove, 284 tittle tattle, 141 (9) toJ°r, 3 5 6 (2 1 ) > 467 ( 1 ) ; in, 393 (4) ; too, 295 (7), 332 (6), 333 (8), 337 (6)j 4° 5 (5)> 43 1 (9); to her mind, i.e., one that pleases her, 259 (5); to wife, as one's wife , 370 (10), 424 (7) tobacco, 99 (11), 157 n., 168 (2), 460 (4), 463 (11) Tom Thumb, 73 too, to, 324 (n), 435 (3); two, 282 (J5) too too, exceedingly , 393 (6) top, head, 328 (5) tortoise, 170 (10) tother, 1 16 (9) touch, account, description, 96 Tournes, Andrew, 106 Tower of London, 122 (9), 133, 486 ff. Tower Street, London, gunpowder explodes in, 51 Towers, Bishop John, 133 Townshend, Henry, 89, 484 n. toys, trifles, foolish pleasures, 158 (14), 333 (8), 359 (”5). 399 (7) trade, decline of, in 1647, ballad on, 179 trai n, followers, ar?ny, 286 (2), 287 (5)_ travail, evidently travel, not labor, 449 fe) Treason Act of 1649, 42, 46, 477 Tredah, Tredagh. See Drogheda Trent, William Peterfield, 1 19 Trevor, Sir John, 341 Trevor, Sir Thomas, 156 (6) Trim, Co. Meath, Ireland, 284, 289 (3) trim trams, trifles, 483 CAVALIER AND PURITAN Trojan, British , 90 (2) ; the Trojans, 93 (IJ) troul (troll), pass liquor around , 327 (4) 'Bub-Preachers Overturned , Bhe^ 172 n. tuition, protection^ 392 (1) tun (tune), 319 (7). See tunns Tunis, hi (12) tunns (tuns), barrels , fig. for great personages , 156 (6) Turks, the, 141 (9), 149 O1), 239 (3), 478; Sultans of, plot against Christians, 108 turn up, drink , 352 (3) Turner, William, 477 turtle, the dove , 317 (3), 471 (1) twelfth day, January <5, 367 Tyburn, 29, 489 (8), 490 (10) Tyne, River, two Welshmen fight 15,000 Scots at, 90, 91 (4), 95 Typhoeus, 286 (2) vacation, enforced leisure from busi¬ ness , 180 (2) Vagrants, Act against, in 1657, 70 vaine (vein), 190 (1) vale (veil), 262 (11), 263 (12 f.) Vamphogie, Patrick, 106 Vane, Sir Henry, 95, 100, 156 n., 488 n. vapor, swagger , 460 (4) vaporing, blustering , 359 (105) Vaudois, massacre of the, 385 venery ^fornication, 157 (12) venge, avenge , 164 (1) Venus, 286 (2), 392, 429 (5), 449 (8) ; play of, venery , 157 (1 1) vex,/r 267 (3) undone, ruined , 240 (3), 248 (1), 332 (6), 333 (9) unhumanity, 382 (10) unreverently, 147 (6) untell (until), 295 (8), 297 (11) unthrown, dethrone , 285 (1) Vote, Proclamations against the, in 1642, 141 (8) V ox Borealis , by ‘Margery Mar- prelate,’ 7, 9 f., 17, 101 use, practise , 258 (2), 381 (6), 388 (9), 393 (5)> 454 (3)> 456 (9); ^ accustomed to> 430 (6) Vulcan, 459 (1) Wade, Mrs., an anabaptist, pun¬ ished by God, 171 Wade, John, balladist, 63 wakes and revels, 454 (5) Wales, 94 (14). See Welshmen Walker, a poet, 21 Walker, Henry, 33, 36 f. See B aylors Physicke walkt, waked , 335 (14) Wallachy, Wallachia (now Ru¬ mania), 1 10 (10) Waller’s Plot, 158 n. Walley, Henry, 13 Walsingham, Edward, 100 want, be without money , 21 1 (7) ward, in, in prison , 98 (6) warm, warmth , 442 (8) Warwick, Mrs. Atkins of, carried off by the Devil, 372 53° GLOSSARIAL INDEX Waterton, Justice, 29 Watts, Alexander, 106 Watts, Robert, 106 weddings, Popish rites in, ballad on, 396 weed (wed), 293 (2), 295 (7) Weekly Intelligencer , The, 366 weeping-cross, bad fortune, 363 (4) Welshmen, two brave, defeat 1 5,000 Scots, 89. See Wales Wentworth, Sir Thomas, Earl of Strafford, ballad on his execution, 1 i9;mentioned, 1 1,21,125, ?i 5711. were (wear), 280 (6), 293 (4) W 1 e strains ter Drollery, 444 Westminster Hall, Capel and others condemned in, 243 Wethersfield, Essex, 173 whare (where), 468 (6) where, whether , 441 (5) whereas, where, 377 (22), 435 (4) whim whams, trifles , 483 Whitehall, Andrew, 106 Whitehall Palace, 192 (7), 222 (3), 232 f. Whitehead, George, 402 Whitelock, Sir Bulstrode, 15 n., 40 n*, 43 n-, 2i4 Whitfield, Richard, 379 f. Whittington, Sir Richard, 251 Whore of Rome, the Church of Rome, 153 (8), 157 (») widow, the, i.e., Henrietta Maria , 254 (5) Wild, Dr. Robert, 19 n. Wilde, John, Lord Chief Baron, 329 Wilkins, W.W., Political Ballads, 3, 23 n., 27 n., 28 n., 29 m, 47 n., 54 n., 56 n., 70 n., 71 n., 72 n., 73, 221 William II, Prince of Orange, 1 54 Williams, J.B., pseudonym of Mud- diman, J.G., q.v. Williams, Archbishop John, 133 willy (wily), 292 Willy and Mumping Meg, 299 Wilmot, Colonel Henry, 95 Wiltshire, ballad-singer whipped in, 55; a witch in, 329 Winchester, murders in, 24, 126; Marquis of, see Paulet Windebank, Sir Francis, Secretary of State, 95, 100, 125, 156 n. winking, a term of endearment , 248 wit, wisdom, 263 (13), etc. Wit and Drollery , 61 n., 113, 348; described, 65 witchcraft, ballad on, 329 Withers, William, 55 without, unless, 356 (20) witty, clever, 292, 393 (4), etc. Wladislaus IV, King of Poland, 108 n. Wood, Anthony, 5, 64 n., 173, 304, 391 ;ballad-collectionof, examples from, here reprinted, 77> 83, 89, IOO, 402, 4O9, 484 Woodcock, Francis, 184 woodcuts, Quakers attack the use of, 68 wooing by proxy, ballad on the story of, 256 Worcester, battle of, 54, 309, 315, 3l8 (6) worms, creatures {men), 165 (5) worthyist, (?) 350 (9) Wortley, Sir Francis, balladist, 26 f. wrack (wreck), 473 (4) Wren, Sir Christopher, 251 Wrenn, Bishop Matthew, 133 Wright, Bishop Robert, 133 Wright, Thomas, Political Ballads, 3, 24 n., 26 n., 27 n., 28 n., 29 n., 31 n., 40 n., 47 n., 54 n., 56 n., 73, 74 n. Wright's Chaste Wife , The, 265 531 CAVALIER AND PURITAN Yarmouth, 173 Yelverton, Sir Christopher, 26 York, 90, 482 (11); loyal ballads printed at, 23; Duke of, see James II. Yorkshire, a chaste wife in, ballad of, 266; minstrels whipped in, 55; wheat rains in, 45 Young, a minstrel, murdered, 50 532 Date Due mmm