^' K K U uyi i loRlC>/- 'Kn D "'lii'l!'! ~ PipilliSii iSiiPP ifli'^'i I'Siiiiiiife?*! :*iri'ii''i""',-::M.'»!i';,' Wjj^l^ l,fjji|,|jji,ji tihvaxy of trhe trheolojical ^^mimxy PRINCETON • NEW JERSEY PRESENTED BY Rufus H. LeFevre Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2009 with funding from IVIicrosoft Corporation http://www.archive.org/details/manualofunitedbrOOshue MANUAL OF THE UNITED BRETHREN PUBLISHING HOUSE; HISTORICAL AND DE- Unifcd Hrcflin-n Puhlishing House 1H91-92. 4££GAL 3 MANUAL OF THE UNITED BRETHREN PUBLISHING HOUSE; HISTORICAL AND DE- SCRIPTIVE WITH NUMEROUS ILLUSTRATIONS BY WILLIAM A. SHUEY. A.M. WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY PROF. A. W. DRURY, D. D. DAYTON OHIO lIIIite^ 13rctl}ren piiblbl^iiio; bouse W. J. Shuey, Publisher 1893 Copyright, 1892, By W. J. Shuey, Publisher. All rights reserved. Hereby, tongues are known, knowledge groweth, judgment increaseth, books are dispersed, the Scripture is read, stories be opened, times compared, truth discerned, falsehood detected and with finger pointed, and (all as 1 said) through the benefit of Printing. — Fox's BOOK OF Martyrs. PREFACE. Moke than half a century has passed since the founding of the PubUshing House of the Church of the United Breth- ren in Christ. Reports of its condition and progress have been made from time to time, and occasionally the Church periodicals, notably the Religious Telescope, have given in- teresting accounts of its origin and history. Hanby and Lawrence record the beginnings, and the "Handbook of the United Brethren in Christ," issued in 1885, presents a brief outline. The " History of Dayton," published in 1889, con- tains an excellent and accurate history of the House, but it is necessarily much condensed, and its circulation is limited to a small edition, sold only by subscription. The magni- tude of this department of the Church's work suggests the importance of collecting into a convenient volume, for ])reservation and ready reference, not only the essential materials contained in the above books, but also a large amount of information which at present is not accessible to the members of the Church in any form, and some of which has never before been secured. The materials for a complete history of the House are sufficient to make a large volume; and while the future historian may undertake to give them a more critical and comprehensive treatment than would be proper at this time, it is reasonable to presume that for the present the Church will be interested in a survey which, though incomplete, and offering chieHy a collection of facts without critical com- ment, is fuller than anything yet published. Such a survey is here attempted. The narrative opens with a brief review of the earlier years of the century — the viii PREFACE. period antedating the organization of the pubUcation work of the Church, which serves as an introduction to the history of the Establishment. Following the Antecedent History is a connected account, in Parts II. and III., of the House from the founding, in 1834, to the present time. This embraces its origin, growth, and development, including location, grounds, buildings, editorial and business man- agement, finances, and periodical and book publications. A separate outline of the periodicals is presented in Part IV. Part V. is an illustrated description of the various depart- ments, with explanations of the different processes employed in the manufacture of books and periodicals. It contains the only illustrations of the interior of the buildings which have ever been prepared. To those who have never visited the Publishing House, and also to those whose knowledge of printing and book making is limited, it will be of special interest. The explanations, however, are not intended to be more than outlines, and those who desire something more complete and exhaustive are referred to technical works upon the various branches of the subject. As the lives of the workers in such an institution furnish no inconsiderable part of the interest attaching to it, it has been thought appropriate to add biographical sketches of the editors, publishers, and trustees, with a few others, the subjects of which have sustained such relations to the pub- lishing interests of the Church as to suggest the propriety of their insertion. These will be found in Part VI., in alpha- betical order. For ready reference, Part VII. contains valuable historical tables, including some special matter which has never before been published, it having now been collected for the first time, viz., a Historical Catalogue of the Publications of the House, and a Financial Summary, from the beginning. The volume has not been hastily prepared. The mate- rials have been collecting during a period of several years, and have crystallized gradually into their present form. A constant endeavor has been made to thoroughly investigate and verify every statement of which there could be any PREFACE. ix reasonable doubt. The facts iipon which the historical portion is based have been obtained principally from the following sources: Spayth and Hanby's History of the United Brethren Church, Lawrence's History of the United Brethren Church, files of the Religious Telescope, Reports of the Trustees and Agents, the original official records of the House, and various books and documents in the posses- sion of the United Brethren Historical Society. Most of the illustrations with which these pages are embellished have been prepared by the House expressly for this book. Special acknowledgment is due to those who have kindly contributed biographical information, and to those who have granted the use of autographs and photographs, some of which were rare. While the House offers to supply the best books of the best authors of the civilized world, it desires especially to enlarge the sale of its own publications. These are of such a character that they command the appreciation of many readers outside the denomination, antl are spoken of in the most approving terms. If these pages create a new interest in the publishing work of the Church, and enlist the more effective cooperation of both ministers and laymen in increas- ing the circulation of its books and periodicals, the object of their preparation will be accomplished. The Author. December 1, 1892. CONTENTS. Preface vii List of Illustrations xv Introduction xix I. ANTECEDENT HISTORY 1 Periodicals 3 Books 5 II. THE HOUSE AT CIRCLEVILLE, OHIO, 1834- 1S53 11 The Founding 15 Religious Telescope 15 German Paper 20 Books 21 Departments 23 Finances 25 Buildings 29 Removal 30 III. THE HOUSE AT DAYTON, OHIO, 1853-1892 33 Sixth Qcadrennium, 1853-57 37 Seventh Quadeennium, 1857-61 43 Eighth Quadeennium, 1861-65 48 Ninth Quadeennium, 1865-69 51 Tenth Quadeennium, 1869-73 60 Eleventh Quadeennium, 1873-77 67 Twelfth Quadrennium, 1877-81 73 Thirteenth Quadeennium, 1881 - 85 77 Fourteenth Quadeennium, 1885-89 86 Fifteenth Quadeennium, 1889-93 99 A Brief Summary 108 IV. THE PERIODICALS HI Religious Telescope 115 Froehliche Botschafter 122 Unity Magazine 125 Children's Friend 126 Missionary Telescope 128 xu CONTENTS. PAGE Mission ABY Visitoe 128 JUGEND PiLGER 129 Our Weekly Bible-Lesson 130 OuE Bible Teacher 131 Lessons for the Little Ones 132 Our Bible-Lesson Quarterly 133 Our Intermediate Bible-Lesson Quarterly 134 Woman's Evangel 135 Quarterly Review 136 German Sunday-School Quarterly 137 A Summary 137 V. THE DEPARTMENTS 139 The Buildings 144 Publisher's Office 147 The Book Department 151 Editorial Rooms 161 The Manufacturing Departments 164 Book and Job Printing Department 165 Religious Telescope Composing-Room 186 German Composing-Room 189 Electrotyping and Stereotyping Department 190 Designing and Engraving 197 The Printing (or Press) Room 200 The Bindery 208 The Mailing-Room 221 Power and Heat 228 Other Occupants of the Buildings 231 VI. BIOGRAPHICAL — Outline Sketches of Editors, Pub- lishers, Trustees, etc 237 VIL HISTORICAL TABLES 297 General Officers 299 Trustees 299 Publishing Agents 301 Editors of the — Religious Telescope 301 Sunday-School Periodicals 301 Unity Magazine 302 Quarterly Review 302 Missionary Telescope 302 Missionary Visitor 302 German Periodicals 302 Woman's Evangel 302 COXTJLXTS. xiii PAGE Historical Catalogue of PrisLicATioNS, 1S34-92 303 Miscellaneous Books :»3 Pamphlets aj9 Music 314 Special Sekvices 317 German Books 318 Records 319 Periodicals 320 English 320 German 321 Financial Summary, 1834-92 322 Publisher's Annual Report, 1891-92 324 Articles of Incorporation, First 327 Second 328 Conclusion 333 Appendix :J37 Building Directory ;?37 Floor Diagrams of Buildings :i39 Map of the City of Dayton 350 Index 355 ILLUSTRATIONS. BUILDINGS. PAQE The United Brethren Publishing House in 1891-92 Frontispiece The Publishing House at Ciecleville, Ohio 13 The Publishing House at Dayton, Ohio, 1854 35 The Publishing House in 1869-70 61 The Publishing House in 1883-84 79 The Additional Building Erected in 1886 87 The Publishing House in 1886-87 97 Arcade 230 DEPARTMENTS. Publisher's Office, Looking East 141 Looking Northwest 145 Private Office 146 Book Department Office 149 Store, General View, Looking Northeast 150 Readers' Corner 152 Store, North Side 153 Store, South Side 154 Receiving-Room 155 Shipping-Room 156 Stockroom — Our Own Publications 157 A Basement Stockroom 158 A Bit of Stock 159 Miscellaneous Books 303 Music Books 314 Editorial Rooms of the Religious Telescope 161 Office of the Sunday-School Editor 162 German Editorial Room 163 The Periodicals 113 Book and Job Printing Department, Office 165 Composing-Rooms, Looking Southeast 167 romposing-rooms, looking northwest 168 Proof Readers' Room 169 Paper Stockroom 170 Composing-Rooms, Looking Southwest 171 West Composing-Room 172 Plate Room 173 XV xvi ILL USTRA TIOXS. PAGE Type 174 Cases and Cabinet 174 Composing-Stick 175 Galleys and Rack 175 Proof Press 176 Form 176 Religiol's Telescope Composing-Room 187 Office 188 German Composing-Room 188 Office 188 Electrotyping and Stereotyping Department, Office 190 Molding-Room and Battery 191 Foundry 191 Finishing-Room, Looking North 193 FiNisniNG-RooM, Looking Southeast 194 Engraving Cabinet 195 Plate Block 196 Printing ( or Press ) Room, General View, Looking North .... 201 East Side 202 Pony and Job Presses 203 Paper Cutter 204 Stop-Cylinder Printing Press 205 Hand Press 206 Two-Revolution Pony Press 207 Universal Job Press 207 Binding Department, Office 209 Folding Machine 210 Finishing-Room 211 Folding and Sewing Room 212 Sewing and Stitching Machines 213 Trimming Machines 214 Ruling, Gathering, and Trimming Room 215 Gilding 217 Backing Machine 218 Embossing Machine 219 Standing-Press 220 Ruling Machine 221 Mailing-Room, Office 222 General View, Looking South 223 Folding and Pasting Machines and Trimmer 224 Mailing Machine 226 Distributing Table 227 Power and Heat Department, Boiler Room 228 Engine Room 229 Offices of Missionary and Church-Erection Societies 231 Office of Woman's Missionary Association 232 Office of Sunday-School Secretary 233 IL L ViiTllA TIONS. xvii PAGE Historical, Room 234 Otterbein's Clock 2:55 Otterbein's Taule 2:56 Otterbein's Chair 236 PORTRAITS.' Rev. William R. Rhinehart 239 Bishop William Hanby 239 Bishop Jcin Rcssel 239 Bishop Jacob Erb 239 Bishop David Edwards, D. D 251 Rev. John Lawrence 251 Rev. Nehemiah Altman 251 Rev. Solomon Vonnieda 251 Bishop Henry Kumler, Jun 252 Thomas N. Sowers 252 Rev. Alexander Owen 252 Rev. John C. Bright 252 Bishop Daniel K. Flickinger, D. D 263 Jacob B. King 263 Rev. Daniel Berger, D. D 263 Rev. William J. Shuey 263 Rev. William McKee 264 Bishop Milton Wright, D. D 264 Rev. W'illiam Mittendorf 264 Rev. William O. Tobey, A. M 264 Bishop James W. Hott, D. D 275 Rev. Marion R. Drury, D. D 275 Rev. Ezekiel Light 275 Rev. Zebedee Warner, D. D 275 Rev. Benjamin F. Booth, D. D 276 Rev. Isaiah L. Kephaet, D. D., F. S. Sc 276 Rev. John W. Etter, D.D 276 Rev. George A. Funkhouser, D.D 276 Rev. Josiah P. Landis, D.D., Ph.D 287 Rev. Augustus W. Drury, D.D 287 Mrs. L. R. Keister. M.A 287 Mrs. L. K. Miller, M.A 287 DIAGRAMS AND MAP. First Floor of the Publishing House 339 Second Floor ''^^ 'Many of tho autographs accompanying these portraits have been reduced from the original sizf> for use in this book. xviii ILLUSTRATIONS. PAGE Third Floor 343 Fourth Floor , 345 Basement 347 Map of the City of Daiton :i50 INTRODUCTION. The history of a great business enterprise, from small beginnings, through great difficulties, up to large proportions and solid financial standing, is of itself deserving of atten- tion. The interest is increased if the plans were laid and the work pursued with a pure and simple Christian purpose. The interest would still be augmented if the business enter- prise should be the instrumentality by which the talent and devotion of a growing Christian denomination should be concentrated and directed, both for edification and evangel- ization. The United Brethren Publishing House has all of these features, — business, religious, and denominational, — ■ and thus, especially for the membership directly concerned, the history of this enterprise must have a wide and perma- nent interest. The extent to which our denominational life has flowed into tlie Publishing House, and been distributed again through different channels and in different forms, to strengthen, exalt, and unify the Church, can hardly be over- estimated. The progress of Christianity and of civilization requires, in addition to the usual intellectual and moral means, the readily convertible power of money, the mass- ing of capital, the enlistment of the best financial talent, and the use of the best business appliances. Our Publish- ing House, owned by the Church, operated for the Church, its profits inuring to tlie support of the Church in its most vital and sacred interests, is a shield and pledge, as well as an arm of power. No fitter person could be found to write the history of the Publishing House than the author of this book. His oppor- XX INTRODUCTION. tunities for minute and thorough acquintance with the facts, his painstaking, tact in arrangement, and conciseness, and his familiarity with the mechanical side of bookmaking, give him exceptional advantages. As one of the sources of the history of the Church, this book will hold a valuable place. The biographical sketches will be especially prized. No one book can adequately pre- sent the history of all the phases of our Church life, or of all the departments of our Church work. This volume will supply a place not otherwise filled. May it serve to still further enlarge the influence and power of the Publishing House, and thus, as well as by its direct influence, prove a great blessing to the Church. A. W. Drury. Dayton, Ohio, December 1, 1892. ANTECEDENT HISTORY MANUAL OF THE United Brethren Publishing House ; historical and descriptive. L ANTECEDENT HISTORY. lSOO-1834. Peevious to 183-1, all publications issued by the authority or in the interest of the Church of the United Brethren in Christ were the product of private enterprise. Though few in number, they were of considerable importance to the Church. PERIODICALS. During the period preceding the establishment of the Religions Telescope, only two periodicals are known to have been published. These pioneer papers were the Zion's Advorafe and the Mountain ^Messenger. Neither of them was issued under the authority of the General Conference. Their support was meager, and their existence brief. 4 ANTECEDENT HISTORY. The first member of the Church to enter the field of religious journalism was Rev. Aaron Farmer, of the Miami Annual Conference. With the approval of the Conference, he commenced the publication of Zion'a Advocate, at Salem, Indiana, in 1829. Mr. Farmer was both editor and pub- lisher. The following are the resolutions adopted by the Conference, at its session held at the house of Jacob Garst, in Montgomery County, Ohio, in May, 1829, Bishop Newcomer presiding, giving to the paper the recognition of that body: Resolved, By the Miami Conference, to approbate the pubHcation of ZioTi's Advocate, with the following restric- tions : 1. It is to contain doctrine consonant with the Church of the United Brethren in Christ. 2. It is not to be devoted to unprofitable controversy. 3. It is to be printed on good i^aper, and neatly exe- cuted. 4. It is to be edited by Aaron Farmer.* Lawrence says of it that, "although it was a fair paper, it died young," for want of pat- ronage. In 1833, at Hagerstown, Maryland, Rev. W. R. Rhinehart began the issue of a religious newspaper called the Mountain Messenger: A few months later, in 1834, Mr. Rhinehart sold his "'History of the Church of the United Brethren in Christ," by John Lawrence, Vol. II., pp. 283, 284; also, original Minutes of Miami Annual Conference, 1829, in possession of the United Brethren Histor- ical Society. THE DISCIPLINE. 5 outfit to tlie trustees of the newly projected paper at Circleville, Ohio, for $325, aud was emj^loyed to edit the new periodical. BOOKS. For many years after the founding of the Chnrch, the only books published for the use of the denomination were such as the immediate necessities of church life demanded. These were the Discii)line and the hymn book. Before the estal)lishment of the Church publishing house at Circleville, Ohio, in ISS-A, these books were printed under individual ownership and management, at different places in Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Ohio. The following is a list of all such books now known to have been printed: Discipline. — The first printed Discipline was that adopted by the first General Conference, held at Mt. Pleasant, Pennsylvania, in 1815. It was printed in German, at Hagerstown, Maryland, in ISIG, by John F. Koch. The second Discipline — that of the second General Conference, held at Mt. Pleasant, Penn- sylvania, in 1817 — was j^rinted in German, in 1817, l)y John Armbnist & Co., Greensburg, Pennsylvania. It was reprinted in 1819, in Ger- man and English, — ^the two languages appearing on i)arallt'l pages of the same volume, — by Gruber & May, Hagerstown, Mar}land. 6 ANTECEDENT HISTORY. The third Discipline, adopted in 1821, was printed in German and English, in the same style as the reprint of the second, by J. Gruber & D. May, Hagerstown, Maryland, in 1822. The fonrth Discipline, adopted in 1825, was printed in 1826, by John T. Hanzshe, Baltimore, Maryland. It contained both German and English versions, as did the two preceding. The fifth Discipline, produced by the General Conference of 1829, was j^rinted in English by John McCalla, Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1829, and published by Jacob Antrim, of Germantown, Ohio. The sixth Discii^line, the revision of 1833, was printed in English in 1833, by J. & F. Wyeth, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Copies of the above are in possession of the United Brethren Historical Society, at Dayton, Ohio. Some of them are so rare that copies were obtained with difficulty. The Discipline of 1829 had eluded all search until May, 1889, when one was found at York, Pennsylvania. All succeeding revisions have been piiblished by the Church j^ublishing house. Hymn Bookx. — The first hymn book ever x^^b- lished in the name of the Church was prej^ared by order of a conference of preachers, held at the house of Christian Herr, in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, in 1807. It was compiled in the German language by Kev. George A. Geeting, JfV}fX ]l()OKS. 7 and printed at Hagerstown, Maryland, in 1808, by John Gruber. It was protected by copyright, and contained two hundred hymns, with an index, in an 18nio vohime, bound in sheep. The second hymn book was compik'd by Rev. Henry Evinger and Kev. Thomas Wintei', of the Miami Conference, in 1814, and jHiblished in Ger- man in 1815. The third hymn book — the first in the English language — was compiled by Rev. James T. Stew- art, of the Miami Conference, approved by the General Conference of 1825, and printed and published by S. J. Browne, Emporhim office, Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1826. It was entitled, "The Sacrifice of the Heart; or, A Choice Selection of Hymns from the Most Approved Authors, for the Use of the United Brethren in Christ." It, also, was secured by copyright, and contained three hundred and thirty-five hymns, with an index, in a 2Imo volume, bound in sheep.^ The fourth hymn book — the second in English — was compiled and piiblished by Rev. Jacob An- trim, of the Miami Conference. It contained three hundred and thirty-two hymns, and was printed by Regans & Van Cleve, Dayton, Ohio, in 1829. The fifth hymn book was a revised German hymn book, prei)ared by Rev. Jacob Erb, under the authority of the General Conference of 1829. The copyright was issued in 1830, but the edition 8 ANTECEDENT HISTORY. now in possession of the Historical Society bears the imprint of William Kaine, Baltimore, Mary- land, 1840. An earlier edition, however, must have been printed. It contains two hundred and seventy-four hymns, with index. The sixth hymn book — an English collection — was prepared under the auspices of the Vir- ginia and Pennsylvania Conferences, the Virginia Conference taking the initiative by resolution, in 1833. Rev. William R. Rhinehart and Rev. Jacob Erb prepared the new collection, and it was pub- lished by them until 1837, when the copyright was transferred to the General Conference, after which it was issued from the official publishing house, at Circleville, Ohio. It w^as used until 1849, when it was superseded by a revised collec- tion, prepared by order of the General Conference of 1845. Of these hymn books, copies of the first, third, and fifth are in the library of the Historical Society, at Dayton, Ohio. Miscellaneous. — " Newcomer's Journal." In 1834 apjoeared "The Life and Journal of the Reverend Christian Newcomer, Late Bishop of the Church of the United Brethren in Christ. Written by Himself. Containing His Travels and Labours in the Gospel from 1795 to 1830, a Period of Thirty-five Years. Transcribed, cor- rected, and translated by John Hildt." It was MISCELLANEOUS. 9 printed in English, at Hagerstown, Maryland, by F. G. W. Kapp, "Book Printer." It was copyrighted, and made a neat vohime of three lumdred and thirty pages, lOnio, sheep binding. Historians of the Church have found in it much useful material. Numerous copies are still extant. "Minutes Taken at Six Annual Conferences of the United Brethren in Christ, for the Year 1888," were published by Kev. W. E. Khinehart, in 1888, the printers being Kajjp & Reid, of Hagerstown, Maryland. II. THE HOUSE AT CIRCLEVILLE TMK UNITED BRETHREN PUBLISIIINU HOUSE AT CIRC'LEVILLE. ( BASEMENT OF THE CIRCLEVILLE CHURCH. ) FROM AN ENGRAVING IN THE "RELIGIOUS TELESCOPE." II. THE HOUSE AT CIKCLEVILLE, OHIO. 1834-1858. THE FOUNDING — THE RELIGIOUS TELESCOPE. The attempt of Mr. Farmer, in 1829, to estab- lish a religions newspaper for the benefit of the United Brethren in Christ, thongh resulting in failure, aroused the attention of the Church to the importance of the use of the press in the prosecution of its work. Consequently, the Gen- eral Conference which assembled at Dresbach's Church, PickaM'ay County, Ohio, May 14, 1833, "resolved to establish a religious paper, to be controlled by a board of trustees appointed by the General Conference. In pursuance of this res- olution, John Russel and Jonathan and George Dresbach were appointed trustees, and they were authorized to circulate subscriptions in all the Conferences — one for donations, the other for subscriptions, to the proposed paper; also, to pub- lish, or cause to be published, at Circleville, Ohio, 'a paper devoted to religious, moral, and literary intelligence.'"^ '"History of tlie Church of the United Brethreu iu Christ," by John Lawreuco, Vol. II., pp. 284, 285. 15 16 THE BOUSE AT CJRCLEVILLE. Eev. William Hauby, editor and publisher of tlie Religious Telescope for a number of years during this period, gives us the lirst extended account of its founding, in his continuation of Spayth's History of the United Brethren Church, published in 1851. "On the 12th of April, 1834, the trustees bought at jxiblic sale, in the town of Circle ville, a print- ing press, together with type, cases, and other apparatus, for the sum of 5?-155; and on the 30th day of May, same year, they bought a lot and two houses in Circleville, of Z. K. Martin, Esq., for which they paid $550. On the 10th of November following, they purchased two fonts of type from William R. Ehinehart, for which they agreed to pay $325; and on the 31st day of December, 183-1, they issued the first number of a semi-monthly paper, at $1.50 per annum, called the Religions Telescope, edited by William E. Ehinehart. Thus, with a debt of about $1,600 for j^urchasing, repairing, fitting up, etc., the Telescope commenced its career with 1,197 subscribers."^ A few months earlier, Eev. "VT. E. Ehinehart had begun the publication of the Mouniciin Jles- senger, at Hagerstown, Maryland, as related in Part I., on "Antecedent History." In order to consolidate all the publishing interests of the ' "History of the Church of the United Brethren in Christ," by Revs. H. G. Spayth and WiUiam Hanby, Part II., pp. 236, 237. THE FOUNDING — THE TELESCOPE. 17 Cluircli in one estabHslnnent, the trnstees pnr- cliased tlie ontfit of tlie 3I('sseuger for $325, as stated al)ove, at the same time employing Mr. Ehinehart to edit the new paper. As first issued, it was a mediiim-sized folio, pid:)lished semi- monthly, at the price of $1.50 per annum in advance, or $2 at the close of the year. From 1834 to 1837 the financial management of the enterprise was under the control of the editor of the Telescope, in conjunction with the trustees. A very limited sum having been donated to the cajjital, and the subscription list being small and upon the credit system, the Establishment began with a debt, which grew from year to year, until serious financial embarrassment ensued. In 1837 the General Conference adopted a constitution for the Printing Establishment, and Kev. William Hanby was elected treasurer and agent. In 1839, Mr. Ehinehart having resigned the editorsliii3 of the Telescope, Mr. Hanby became both editor and agent, continuing in this relation until 1845. Under his administration the financial prospects greatly improved, and by 1845 the subscrijjtion list had been largely increased. The Telescope had begun its career with 1,197 subscribers. "The second year the number was reduced to 85G; the third, 971; the fourth year, 1,175; the fifth and sixth years, about 1,150 each; the seventh year, 1,450. By this time the 2 18 THE HOUSE AT CIRCLE VILLE. liabilities had increased to about $G,000, and tlie fate of the Telescope was very doubtful. En- couraged by a few tried friends, the trustees resolved to struggle on a little longer. "In the spring of 18-43 the number of subscrib- ers was swelled to 1,981, showing a net increase of 479 during the joreceding year, with net pro- ceeds above contingent expenses of $660. "In May, 1844, we have a report of 2,998 sub- scribers, a net increase of 1,017, with net proceeds of $1,069. By this time hopes Avere largely entertained of the final success of the enterprise. "The report of May, 1845, shows a subscrip- tion list of 3,090 subscribers, and a net profit of $1,206."! At the General Conference of 1845, held in Circleville, Mr. Hanby having declined further service, Hev. David Edwards was elected editor. At the same time, business having largely in- creased, a publishing agent was elected. Rev. Jacob Markwood, of Virginia, was chosen agent, but resigning soon after, was succeeded by Rev. Nehemiah Altman, who served from 1845 to 1852. The General Conference of 1845 having ordered that all subscriptions must be j^aid in advance, the financial condition of the House continued to improve, and by 1849 the liabilities are reported • History of the Uuited Brethren Church, Spayth aud Hanby, Part II., pp. 237, 238. THE FOVXDIXa — THE TELESCOPE. ]'J to have been canceled. Ai)ril 1, 1851, 5,400 sub- scribers to the TcJcscojx' were reported. Concerning the same i)eri()d, Lawrence writes as foHows: "Thus, with a debt of §1,000, and a subscrip- tion list, much of which was worthless, of 1,197, the United Brethren Printing Establish- ment commenced its career. The paper issued was a very respectable sheet, well edited, yet not poijular, because of the extreme views which it advocated. It entered largely into the controver- sies of the times, and earnestly and boldly, though not always prudently, marched in the front ranks of every reform. The second year the sul)scrip- tion was reduced to 856, and when the paper was in its seventh year, its subscription only reached 1,450, and on the credit system at that. "The concern, however, found no difhculty in adding to its liabilities, and by this time they had reached $6,000! Had it been an individual enterprise, or had the trustees been men of feeble hearts or of poor credit, it would have failed utterly. In 1839 William Hanby succeeded Mr. Khinehart as editor and publisher. Being a better financier, less inclined to extremes, and receiving a more liberal patronage from the Church, the Establishment soon began to show signs of life. In the spring of 1843 the number of subscriljers was swelled to nearly 2,000, — 20 THE HOUSE AT CIRCLE VILLE. still on tlie credit system, however, — and tlie pro- ceeds, above contingent expenses, were reckoned at $600. At tlie General Conference of 1845, it appeared tliat the paper had rising 3,000 siib- scribers, and that it was yielding a net profit of about $1,200 annually. The profits, however, of a paper conducted as this was, on the credit system, cannot be calculated with accuracy. At the General Conference of 1815 the cash system was adopted. David Edwards was elected editor. Four years of prosperity followed. The paper was well edited, and its finances judiciously man- aged; and in 1819, after a struggle of fourteen years, the debts of the concern were all canceled, and it was placed in a position to begin to acquire the means of usefulness."^ In 1849 Rev. William Hanby was again elected editor of the Telescope, but in 1852 succeeded Mr. Altman as agent, serving in that position until the quadrennial election in 1853. Kev. John Law- rence, who had been assistant editor from 1850, was appointed to succeed Mr. Hanby as editor. GERMAN PAPER. While the immediate and principal object of the founding of the Printing Establishment was the publication of the Bcligious Telescope, it was not intended that its field should be confined to 1 History of the United Brethren Church, Lawrence, Vol. II., pp. 286-288. OKIIMAN PAPER— BOOKS. 21 this work only. As rapidly as seemed practi- cable, at a time wlien siicli an enterprise was entirely new to tlie Cliurcli, otlier publications were attempted. In 1840 Rev. John Kussel began to publish a German religious paper called Die Geschacffige Jf((}iha {The Busy MartJia), in Baltimore, Mary- land. In 1841 the General Conference took possession of the paper, and elected Eev. Jacob Erb editor, with three trustees to conduct the biisiness in Baltimore. Lack of patronage, how- ever, closed its career in 1842. It was revived in 1846, and issued from the Circleville house, under the title, Dcr Deidsche Telesco'pe ( The German Telescope), with Eev. N. Altman as its editor. At the end of three years its name was changed to the first title. Die GescJiaeftige JSIartlia; and in 1851 a third title was adopted, the new name being Dev F)-oehJi(']ie BofscJtaffer {The Joyful Messeti- (/(■!■) — a name which it has ever since retained. In 1847 Eev. D. Strickler succeeded Mr. Altman as editor, and he, in turn, was followed in 1851 by Bev. Henry Staub. Tliis was the oidy addi- tional periodical published at Circleville. BOOKS. The House, at its founding, did not immedi- ately gain control of the book publications of the Church. Though few in number, they were the 22 THE HOUSE AT CIRCLE VILLE. property of private individuals, and did not come into the possession of the House for some time after tlie establishment at Circleville was opened. As has been remarked in the Part preceding, the Church hymn book — the English edition pre- pared by Hevs. AV. R. E-hinehart and Jacob Erb — first became the property of the Church in 1837, after which it was issued by the House at Circleville. Erb's German Hymn Book and the "Church Harp" became Church property in 1841. The Discipline began to be published l)y the House in 1837. Other publications were issued from time to time, and the whole list of books published before the removal, in 1853, includes the following: English Hymn Book, compiled by Revs. AY. B. Bhinehart and Jacob Erb, 1837; Discipline, in English and German, 1837 and quad- rennially thereafter; "Church Harp," compiled by Bev. AVilliam Hanby, 1811; German Hymn Book, compiled by Bev. Jacob Erb, 1811; German Harp; "Sabbath-School Songster," compiled by Bev. William Hanby, 1812; "The Perfect Chris- tian," compiled by Bev. David Edwards, 1816; English Hymn Book, compiled by Bev. H, G. Spayth, 1819; "History of the Church of the United Brethren in Christ," by Bevs. H. G. Spayth and William Hanby, 1851; "Plain Thoughts on Secret Societies," by John Lawrence, 1852; and a few pamphlets. Some of these were printed and DEPART.VEXTS. 23 bound for the House by other parties, in Cincinnati and Circleville, a bindery not having been estab- lished until 1850. It is a matter of curious interest to note, that in those earlier years of the House the number of copies of the Discipline and hymn books to be printed was often determined by the General Conference. DEPARTMENTS. Most of the departments now in operation at Dayton were established at Circleville, though some of them were, at that time, of comparatively little importance. The first publication of the JReligioKS TcJcscopc, in its simplest form, required the beginnings of the Publisher's, Editorial, Xews (or Composing), Press, and Mailing departments, though the work, for many years, was all done by only a few persons. As late as 1845, only one editor (who was also publisher), one printer, and two apprentices were employed in conducting the whole business; that is, one man performed all the work of editor, publisher, and bookseller, while another, with the aid of two boys, set all the type, and printed and mailed all the papers. In 1853 the number employed had considerably increased, and included a pxiblishing agent, an English editor, a German editor, five printers, a pressman, a wheelman, a feeder, and four or more bindery employees — in all, about fifteen. 24 THE HOUSE AT CIRCLEVILLE. The printing was done on a hand press until 1850, when, by order of the General Conference of 1849, an Adams power j^ress was purchased, at a cost of $1,550. But even this was operated by- hand until some time after the removal to Dayton. In 1850, by order of the General Conference of 1819, a bindery was opened, when the neces- sary machinery was purchased at an expense of $369.50, and for the first time the House was prepared to manufacture its own book publica- tions. Job work was taken by both printing and binding departments, and for some time the work of the county (Pickaway) w^as performed l)y the Establishment. The Book Department existed only in eml^ryo for some time after the founding of the Religious Telescope. Hymn books and Discij^lines w^ere the first books handled; but for several years, as has been stated, these were not published by the House. Gradually, however, a fair trade in our own i:)ublications was established, and they became the exclusive property of the House. For some years each Annual Conference had its own book agent, who had charge of a depository for the Con- ference. This system resulted in serious financial losses, and was finally abandoned. In 1816 a few choice theological works were advertised in the Telescope as being on sale. In the same year the opening of a bookstore was FIXANCES. 25 suggested, but not accomplislied. The invoice of books removed to Dayton, still in possession of the House, indicates that, as late as 1853, only a few books were kept on sale, in addition to our own publications. Xo general retail bookstore was opened at Circleville. FINANCES. The finances of the Establishment during these years may be summarized as follows: Grounds, buildings, machinery, and stock were purchased in 183-1:, almost entirely on credit — one lot and two houses for $550; hand press, type, cases, etc., bought in Circleville, $455; type, etc., from Mr. Khinehart, $325; sundries, about $270; gross assets, about $1,600. Liabilities, about the same as the assets. The detailed reports for several years following, if ever published, are not now accessible. Reports may have been made to the General Conferences of 1837 and 1841, but they do not api)ear in the minutes. The first full financial statement, after 1834, which has been preserved, is that for the year 1840-41 — seven years later: Receipts: — Religious Telescope, $1,315.25; books, $515.78; sundries, $G3.- 82; borrowed, $70; total, $1,964.85. Expenses:— Current, $1,318.63; debts, $609.98; total, $1,928.61. Gross assets: — Ileal estate, machinery, etc., about 26 THE HOUSE AT CIRCLEVILLE. $2,000; book stock, $1,005; Telescope subscription arrears, ^3,084; book-sales accounts, $1,477.34; total, $7,566.34. Liabilities, $5,326.91. Apparent net assets, $2,239.43. The financial exhibit for the following year, 1841-42, is as follows: Receipts: — Religious Telescope, $1,687; books, $928; sundries, $334.25; total, $2,949.25. Expenses: — Current, $1,931; debts, $873.34; total, $2,804.34. Balance in the treasury, $144.91. Gross assets: — Real estate, machinery, etc., about $2,000; book stock, $1,140; book-sales accounts, $1,587; Telescope accounts, $3,862; notes, etc., $517; total, $9,106. Liabili- ties, $6,030.68. Apparent net assets, $3,075.32. Deducting worthless accounts, a large but in- definite amount, the real net assets may be placed at something over $1,000. Mr. Hanby states that the fate of the Establishment at this time was in doubt. The quadrennial report of 1845 — the first pub- lished — is really only an annual rej)ort. How- ever, from the original record of annual invoice still preserved, the following statement of the four years ending in May, 1845, has been prepared: Receipts: — Religious Telescope, $8,362.39; books, $3,282.74; sundries, $893.05; total, $12,538.18. Expenses: — Current, $8,814.12; debts, $3,387.86; total, $12,201.98. Gross assets, April 1, 1845: — Real estate, machinery, etc., $2,000; books and FIXAXCES. 27 stock, $1,423.88; book-sales accounts, $2,243.01; Telescope accounts, $4,500; notes, etc., $324.59; casli, $250; total, $10,741.48. Liabilities, chiefly borrowed money, $4,952.12. Apparent net assets, $5,789.30. The quadrennial report of 1849, including the four years from 1845 to 1849, is the first real quad- rennial statement recorded. It presents these figures: Receipts: — Religious TrZescojJC, $16,021.31; German Telescope, $1,418.G9; books, $4,697.12; real estate sold, $1,036; sundries, $362.06; total, $23,535.18; balance from preceding term, $236.19; total receipts in full, $23,771.37. Expenses: — Current, $17,161.30; debts, $4,128.05; real estate purchased, $700; total, $21,989.35. Balance in the treasury, $1,782.02. Gross assets: — Eeal estate, machinery, etc., $1,800; books, stock, etc., $538.50; book-sales accounts, $2,300; Telescope accounts, $1,600; German Telescopic accounts, $225; notes, etc., $674; cash, $1,782.02; total, $8,919.52. Liabilities, $1,99L10. Apparent net assets, $6,928.36. The quadrennial report of 1853, just before removal from Circleville, makes the following exhibit: Receipts for the four years: — ReligioKS Telescope, $20,834.36; books, $10,600.68; press work and jobbing, $3,473,42; German paper, $2,050.10; real estate, $534; interest, $82.08; "deposits," $5,187.07; total, $42,761.71; balance 28 THE HOUSE AT CIRCLEVILLE. from preceding term, $1,782; total in full, $44,543.71. Expenses: — Eeal estate, 81,649.60; machinery, $1,992,27; current, $38,619.91; debts, $1,818.16; total, $44,079.94. Balance in treasury, $463.77. Gross assets:— Keal estate, $2,400; books, book stock, and plates, $3,187.94; print- ing department, $2,600; bindery, $862; accounts, $9,439.65 (on book-sales, $6,665.42, on Telescope, $1,500, on German paper, $857.23, miscellane- ous, $417); cash, $463.77; total, $18,953.36. Liabilities, $3,759.90. Apparent net assets, $15,- 193.96. Deducting accounts afterward proved to be worthless, the actual net assets, at the time of removal, were about $13,000. The term "ap- parent," applied to "net assets," indicates the uncertainty caused by the credit system, which, though attempts had been made to abolish it, still continued to annoy. The following were the trustees of the House at CircleviUe: From 1833 to 1837, and from 1837 to 1841, Rev. John Hussel, Jonathan Dresbach, and George Dresbach; Mr. Russel resigning in the summer of 1837, he was succeeded by Bishop Samuel Heistand; he, in 1838, by Bev. John Coons, and he, in 1839, by Rev. William Leist. From 1841 to 1845, from 1845 to 1849, and from 1849 to 1853, Jonathan Dresbach, George Dresbach, and Rev. Wil- liam Leist; Mr. Leist resigning in 1852, the vacancy was filled by the appointment of Rev. Lewis Davis. BUILDINGS. 29 For some years after the founding, special authority was delegated by the General Conference to the Scioto Annual Conference, to exercise a limited supervision over the affairs of the Estab- lishment in the intervals between the sessions of the General Conference. The trustees and agent were required to make annual reports to that Conference, and occasionally vacancies in official positions were filled, and the policy of the con- cern was dictated, by that body. The business of the House was conducted for five years without a corj)orate existence. Finally, api^lication having been made to the State legis- lature, a special act of incorporation was passed by that body, March 16, 1839, "with succession for thirty years," the full text of which document is given under "Historical Tables," page 327. BUILDINGS. The Printing Establishment occupied two dif- ferent locations in Circleville. In 1834 one lot and two houses were purchased for J: i:NNIi:M—18(;y~73. G3 ing, "witli the exceptiou of a few feet in the rear reserved for light and ventilation, was constructed a heavy, three-story brick building, with base- ment, fronting thirty-two feet on Fourth Street and extending northward fifty-two feet in greatest depth. This was conij)leted in the fall of 1869, and was occupied as follows: The boiler and engine were placed in the basement; the presses were removed from the basement of the main building to the first floor of the new; the job- })rintiiig dejjartment was removed from the second floor of the main building to the second floor of the new, while the third floor was leased. The Missionary Society was given a room on the south side of the second floor of the main building, which it has occupied ever since, it being at present the office of the secretary. The corner basement was leased for a time, and then used as a stockroom by the book department. The cost of the new building was $5,659.05, The articles of incorporation obtained in 1839 having expired in 1869 without the knowledge of the trustees and agent, the business was conducted for two years without a corporate existence. In 1871 the House was reincorporated under the laws of Ohio. A copy of the record of the second incorporation is given in Part YII., page 328. The present corporate name is "The Printing Establishment of the United Brethren in Christ." 64 THE HOUSE AT DAYTON. Tlie stereotype foundry established in 1853 having been abandoned for some years, a new foundry was opened in 1873, in the north lialf of the third story of the new building, the mailing department occupying the front part. The General Conference of 1869 elected Rev. Milton "Wright editor of the Religious Telescope, He was assisted by Eev. D, Berger, the former editor, who also became editor of the Childroi's Friend. Eev. D. K. Flickinger continued to edit the Missionarij Visitor. By order of the General Conference of 1869, the Froehliclie Boiscliafter was returned to Dayton in that year, the trustees a^^pointing Bev. William Mittendorf editor. Early in the term a new German monthly Sabbath-school paper was first issued. It was entitled the Jiicjend Pilger, and was edited by Bev. AYilliam Mittendorf. Its circulation was about 2,400 coj^ies. The National Sunday-School Convention held in Indianapolis, Indiana, in 1872, introduced the uniform lesson system, now known as the Inter- national Series of Lessons. Our Publishing House at once manifested its approval of the new enter- prise by establishing a weekly lesson pajjer, en- titled Lesson Leaves for tJie Sahhath ScJiool, based upon the new scheme of lessons. The first num- ber was issued with the beginning of the series, TENTH QUADRENNIUM—lS(;f)-7S. 65 in January, 1873. It was afterward called Our JVccklij Bibh'-Lcsso)L To meet the requirements of teachers, a monthly Sabbath-school journal, en- titled Oiir Bible Teacher, was established three months later. Both of these new publications were edited by Rev. D. Berger, who was at that time editor of the CJiildren^s Frioul, and who has had charge of these and all later Sunday-school peri- odicals from their establishment to the present time, giving to them a character and standing equal to any and superior to most of the similar I^ublications of the country. Our Bible Teacher began its existence with a circulation of 1,000, at the subscription price of seventy-five cents per annum. The circulation of the Lesson Leaves in April, 1873, numbered 15,000. A number of new books and pamphlets were issued during the term, among which were the following: "Holiness; or, the Higher Christian Life," by Jacob Hoke, 1870; "The Age We Live In," by Jacob Hoke, 1871; "Discourses on the Res- urrection," by Bishop J. Weaver, 1871; "Youth's Scripture Compend," by Bishop D. Edwards, 1871; "German Hist(3ry of the United Brethren Church," by Rev. AV. Mittendorf, 1871; "The Schools of the Prophets," by Rev. H. A. Thompson, 1872; "Divine Providence," by Bishop J. Weaver, 1873. The following persons served as trustees during this (|uadrennium : James Ai)plegate, David L. 5 66 THE HO USE A T DA YTON. Kike, T. N, Sowers, Rev. D. K. Flickinger, and Jacob Hoke. Kev. W. J. Sliuey, as publislier, retained the general management. The total receipts for the fonr years ending April 1, 1873, were $322,370.54; expenses, $318,- 628.89. On April 1, 1873, the gross assets were $124,308.98; liabilities, $27,783.68; net assets, $96,- 525.30. The aggregate profits for the four years were $34,712.41. The reduction in the debt was $7,708.28. Of the remaining debt, $27,000 was funded, affording a safe investment for permanent funds of the Missionary Society and the Sabbath- School Association of the Church. The floating debt had all been paid, and at least ten thousand dollars more of the funded debt might have been canceled, had it been thought advisable. But as the business at that time was producing a greater per cent, of profit than the rate of interest on the debt, it was considered more imi^ortant to enlarge the facilities of the House than to further reduce the debt. The German department, which has never been self-sustaining, caused a loss, during the four years, of more than $2,000. The book sales advanced from $20,970.36 in 1869 to $31,- 607.27 in 1872. So successful was the business of the term that the trustees, in their quadrennial report, made the following observation: "We are extremely grat- ified and thankful to God in being able to report ELEYEyni QUAJJliESMUM— 1873-77. 07 a degree of success greater than our anticii)a- tions at the commencement of the term led us to expect — a success so large and decided as to con- vince every friend of the Establishment that it has at length, after many years of embarrassment and struggle, emerged from its difficulties, and entered u^jon that long-desired era when it would be able adequately to meet the increasing wants of the Church and of the as-e."^ ELEVENTH QUADEENNIUX. 1873-1877. The next quadrennium witnessed a series of financial reverses throughout the whole country, beginning with the "Panic of 1873." The condi- tion of business in general was very unfavorable. All branches of trade suffered, and particidarly the publishing and book interests. Fortunately, the improvements in the buildings of the Establish- ment made in 1869 were sufficient to meet the requirements of the House for many years. The oidy important additions needed were three new presses, which were purchased at a cost of $7,300. At the same time, however, the work of the House continued to expaud. The BeligioKS Tel- c>«'oj)(' was greatly enlarged, one new periodical was issued, and seven new music and hymn 'Report of the Trustoos and As'-nt, I'^TS, p. 1. 68 THE HOUSE AT DAYTON. books, fourteen new Sunday-scliool library books, and several otlier volumes were publislied. To meet the demand for a paper for the younger scholars, in the primary classes, a bright, attract- ive little weekly paper, called Oitr Liffle Ones, was projected, and first issued in 1876. During the first year of its existence, its circulation averaged 8,200. It was edited by Eev. D. Berger, the editor of Sunday-school literature. The General Conference of 1873 had authorized the board of trustees and agent to prepare and publish a "book of hymns and music, adapted to congregational, revival, and social meetings, des- ignating the number of hymns in the present book used." Up to this time the official hymn books of the Church had contained only words, without music. Accordingly, in June, 1873, the trustees appointed as a committee to prepare the book, Rev. W. H. Lanthurn, Eev. W. J. Shuey, Samuel E. Kumler, Eev. Isaiah Baltzell, and Eev. D. Berger. This committee secured the services of one of its members, Eev. AV. H. Lanthurn, the superintendent of the book department, as com- piler and editor. Important assistance was ren- dered by Eev. Edmund S. Lorenz, and the work was examined and approved by the committee. The result was the publication, in 1871, of the fine collection of hymns and tunes entitled "Hymns for the Sanctuary and Social "Worship." The ELEVENTH QUAUIiENNIUAf— 1873-77. G9 expense of its preparation was $4,500. It is a square 12nio, of 502 pages, containing 1,234 hymns, and is bound in several styles. In April, 1877, more than 13,500 copies had been sold. A word edition was issued a few years later. In 1873 there was issued the first of a series of Sunday-school music books which have proved very popular, the sales extending to nearly every part of the United States and Canada. This first book was "Choral Gems," by Kevs. Isaiah Baltzell and G. W. Miles Rigor. In 1874 the second book was published — "Golden Songs," by Eev. I. Baltzell. Sixty-five thousand copies of this book had been sold by April, 1877, and its sale still continues. The third and fourth books of the series were issued in 1876 — "Songs of the Cross," by Rev. E. S. Lorenz, and "PilgerLieder," by Revs, "William Mit- tendorf and E. S. Lorenz. In the same year the House published a small book for social meetings, prepared by Revs. W. H. Lanthurn and E. S Lorenz, and entitled "Praise Offering." The German hymn l)ook was revised during this term, the new compilation being prepared by Revs. "William Mittendorf, Edward Lorenz, and Gottlieb Fritz, and published in 1876. For a number of years efforts liad been made to secure the publication of books for the Sunday- school library. Committees had been appointed 70 THE HOUSE AT DAYTON. at different times to select for reprint or to secure original manuscripts for a number of such vol- umes. Finally, in 1873, tlie work was commenced, and a number of books were issued during tke quadrennium, under the editorship of Kev. D. Berger. The "Pioneer Library," consisting of ten valuable 16mo books, was jxiblished, at the price of five dollars for the set. Included in this library were "Counsels to Young Men on the Formation of Character," by Joel Haws, D. D., and "Introduction to Bible Study," by Samuel Green. Five other excellent books followed, among which were "The Gospel on the Kiviera" and "My Five Wards," by Mrs. Julia McNair Wright, and "Brickey Sorrel," by Mrs. Isadore S. Bash. Other books issued, of general interest and value, were "Ministerial Salary," by Bishop J. Weaver, 1873; "History of Sherbro Mission, West Africa," by Eev. William McKee, 1871:; "Letters and Addresses on Freemasonry," by John Quincy Adams, 1875; "Lectures on the Bise of the Romish Church," by Rev. J. B. Helwig, D. D., 1876; "Ethiopia; or. Twenty Years of Missionary Life in Western Africa," by Rev. D. K. Flickinger, 1877. A few others completed the list, making a total of more than thirty volumes published dur- ing the term. In view of the general business depression of JJLJ': I 'EXTJI Q rAl>Ili:XXIU.V^ls73- 7 7. 71 the years now under consideration, tlie quadren- nial financial statement of 1877 is of special in- terest. On account of tlie general decline in values in almost all kinds of business, the trustees and agent, at the close of the term, made a large reduction in the valuation of the fixed assets of the House. From the inventory of Aj^ril 1, 1876, on real estate, stereotype plates, jjresses, and material, a reduction was made amounting to $10,345.15. The receipts for the term were $378,- 5-15.36; expenses, $377,313.77. The gross assets, April 1, 1877, were $130,128.89; liabilities, $15,- 600.67; net assets, $114,528.22. The apparent net profits were $18,002.92; but adding to this amount the reduction in the valuation of fixed assets, the real profits were $28,318.07. The debt had been reduced from $27,783.68 to $15,600.67, a reduction of $12,183.01. The third year of the term, the receipts of the House, for the first time in its history, exceeded one hundred thousand dollars. Congress having passed a law early in the term requiring prej^ayment, by all publishers, of postage on all papers, as well as books, and later having doubled the rate of postage on books, the expenses of the House for this item alone were greatly increased, for only a small part of which compensation was received. The postage for the four years cost $11,413.11, while that of the pre- vious term amounted to only $3,725.75, an increase 72 THE HOUSE AT DAYTON. of $7,687.66. In addition to this, the loss on the German department, occasioned by its limited patronage, was $3,940.43. Ul^on comparison with the condition of the House in 1865, the following figures appear: Net assets, March 31, 1865, $11,606.83; net assets, April 1, 1877, $114,528.22— an increase in twelve years of $102,921.39. This growth may be ana- lyzed as follows: Increase in value of real estate, $9,341; Publication Fund, $18,364.29; actual profits of the business, $75,216.10. In the same period, the debt had been reduced by the amount of $36,614.79. The editorial force during the term was con- stituted as follows: Rev. Milton Wright and Kev. William O. Tobey, A. M., joint editors of the Re- Vkjious Telcscopej Rev. D. Berger, editor of the Sunday-school literature, which at that time com- prised the Children'' s Friend, Our Bible Teacher, Our Weekly Bible-Lesson, and Our Little Ones; Rev. William Mittendorf, editor of the German periodicals — the Froehliche BotscJiaffer and Jn- gend Pilger; and Rev. D. K. Flickinger, editor of the Missionary Visitor. It will be observed that the number of periodicals had grown to eight. The board of trustees included the following members: Rev. L. Davis, D. D., Rev. D. K. Flickinger, Rev. Daniel R. Miller, Rev. John Stahl, Jacob Hoke, D. L. Rike, and Bennett F. Witt. TWELFTH QUABliEXy I CM— 1877-81. 73 Eev. W. J. Sliiiey coiitiniied to occui)y the posi- tion of i^ublislier. TWELFTH QUADEENNIUM. 1S77-1.S.S1. The twelfth qnadreiiniiiin was more j^rosperous than the one preceding. The general condition of the conntry was much improved, and the House sliared the benefits of reviving trade. Numerous iniin-ovements were made, and the business of several of the departments M'as largely increased, especially during the last year of the term. More- over, the third year of the quadrennium witnessed the final extinction of the debt, leaving a hand- some cajjital of more than 81G0,000 unencum- bered. The improvements in facilities consisted chiefly of the following: In 1878 the bookstore was enlarged nearly one-half, by the addition of the rear portion of the north-side storeroom, which was made a stock and shipping-room. In 1879 the position of the boiler was changed, a new and larger one added, and steam-heating apparatus was introduced throughout the greater part of the buildings. In 1880 a new engine, of twenty-five horse power, was substituted for the old. In 1880-81 two large presses, — one stop-cylinder, and one two-revolution, — a newspaper folding and 74 THE HOUSE AT DAYTON. pasting macliine, a book folder, and other niacliin- ery were added. The buildmgs were also much improved internally and externally, during the term, making a total outlay for improvements during the four years of $13,500, all of which was paid out of the profits of the business. The periodicals were well sustained, both in character and circulation. The only change in the editorial force from that of the jDreceding term, was in connection with the Religions Tele- scope. The General Conference of 1877 elected Rev. James W. Hott editor in chief, and Kev. ^Y. O. Tobey, A. M., assistant. The Meligions Telescope increased its circulation from 8,688 in 1877 to 12,490 in 1881, a net gain of 3,802. The circulation of For ike LUile Ones advanced from 11,682 average, at the beginning of the term, to 21,21:0 at its close. The Cliildreii's F)'iencl maintained its circulation, though sup- planted by For ihe Liiile 0)ies in the primary classes. The 3Iissioiicu-ij Visitor made a net average gain of 3,262 annually, during the four years. The Froehliche Boisclmfter was enlarged at the beginning of the last year. One new publication was added to the list of periodicals — Our Bihle-Lesson QucvrierJij. Its first edition was dated January, 1879, and num- bered 10,000 copies. For the year 1880-81 its circulation averaged 34,200 copies. It was edited TWELFTH (H'ADREXyiU.U— 1877-81. 75 by Rev. D. Berger, D. D., editor of Suuday-scliool literatiire. Sharp competition in j^rices of Sunday-school I^eriodical literature threatened to make it neces- sary to reduce the size or to sacrifice the quality of material of our own j^eriodicals; but no change was made. A number of new books were jpublished during the term. The principal ones were "The Doc- trine of Universal Restoration Carefully Exam- ined," by Bishop J. Weaver, D. D., 1878; "The Itinerant System," by Eev. J. Y. Potts, 1878; "The Light of Other Days," by Elder A. J. Smith, 1878; "The Church's Marching Orders," by Eev. D. K. Flickinger, 1879; "Heavenly Carols," by Eevs. I. Baltzell and E. S. Lorenz, 1878; word edition of "Hymns for the Sanctuary," 1879; "Times of Refreshing," by Eev. S. J. Graham, 1879; "Songs of Grace," by Eevs. E. S. Lorenz and I. Baltzell, 1879; "Gates of Praise," by Eevs. L Baltzell and E. S. Lorenz, 1880; "Golden Leaves," by Benj. F. Xysewander, 1880; "Songs of Cheer," by Eevs. E. S. Lorenz and I. Baltzell, 1881. The trustees were Eevs. L. Davis, D. D., D. K. Flickinger, D. D., Samuel Mills, James G. Bald- win, John L. Luttrell, and G. Fritz, with Noah G. Thomas as the only layman. No change was made in the office of publisher. The cash receipts for the four years ending 76 THE HOUSE AT DAYTON. April 1, 1881, were $390,376.02; expenditures, $385,685.89. The gross assets, April 1, 1881, were $166,289.45; liabilities, $3,563.28; net assets, $162,- 726.17. The net profits for the four years were $48,197.86. The reduction in debt was $12,037.39. As has been remarked, the term is memorable for the final liquidation, in 1880, of the funded debt, leaving sufficient cash in the treasury to cover all current business lial:»ilities, with a sur- plus of $2,328.44. In his quadrennial report to the General Con- ference of 1881, the jjublishing agent made the following suggestions : "1. That a premium of $1,000 be offered for the best approved manuscript of a Systematic Theology for the use of the Church. "2. That the board of trustees be instructed to procure the continuation of our Church History to the present time, with such revision of the present history as may be deemed necessary. "3. That the editors and agent together shall constitute a book committee, without whose sanc- tion no book shall be published in the name of the Church or Publishing House during the in- tervals of the General Conference. "4. As we have reached a period in the exist- ence of the Printing Establishment when a divi- dend of the i^rofits may be made 'for the benefit of traveling and worn-out preachers and their Tin 11 TKENTU Q VA DRENXl I'M— 1881-85. 77 widows and orphans,' your attention is respect- fully directed to the importance of devising suit- able rnles for the distribution of such surplus fund auioni? the Conferences."^ THiriTEENTH QUADEENNIUM. ISSl-LsSo. The House now being free of debt, with a net capital of over $162,000, its progress during the years succeeding 1881 was rapid and decided. The cash receipts for the term 1881-85 exceeded a quarter of a million dollars, while the i:)rofits for the four years combined were 861,010.92, or §12,813.06 more than the profits for the preceding term. The book sales for the four years reached §179,694.01, an increase over the previous quad- renniiim of §55,171.77, or more than forty-four per cent. Immediately after the General Conference of 1881, the long-contemplated enlargement of the bookstore was begun. During the summer of that year the heavy wall separating the bookstore from the storeroom on the north was partly removed, tasteful arches constructed, the front stairway removed from the middle to the north side of the Main Street front, a central front entrance pro- vided, and new furniture introduced throughout, » Roport of Trnstocs and Agent, 1881, p. 8. 78 THE HOUSE AT DAYTON. affording commodious and attractive rooms for the retail trade. The store when thns enlarged included all the hrst floor of the Main Street building, excej^t a part of the rear of the south side still occupied by the jmblisher's office and the elevator room. The shipping-room remained in the rear portion of the north side. In 1883 a fourth story was added to the Fourth Street building, at a cost of $3,000. The greater part of this floor was used to accommodate an electrotype foundry, which was then established for the first time, a jDart of the north end being added to the bindery. The mailing-room was at the same time enlarged to occupy the whole of the third floor of the Fourth Street building, while to give room for the expansion of the job-j^rinting department, a lease was obtained of the new three- story brick building adjoining on the east which had recently been erected on the ground sold by the House a few years after the removal to Day- ton. A i^ortion of the partition wall on the second floor was removed, and the second floor of the leased building was added to the job-jDrinting department. The first and third fioors of the leased building were sub-leased. In May, 1884, this building and ground, known as the "Storms" property, were purchased at a cost of 814,500. For convenience of reference, it may be called the third building. Tllin TEES TIL Q UADEEXXIL\U—lSSl-85. 81 Only a year later, in tlie montli of April, 1885, another pnreliase of real estate was consum- mated. The ground lying east of the Establish- ment, between the east wall of the third building and the middle of the block on Fourth Street, was occupied by old frame buildings, used as a livery stable. A favorable oi)p()rtunity having been pre- sented to acquire this pro23erty, it was considered wise to secure the ground to meet the future demands of the House. It was purchased of Elias W. McGowen at a cost of !5l2,000. The real estate thus obtained included a j)lat thirty- six feet on Fourth Street by fifty-nine and one- half feet in depth. A perpetual leasehold was also secured of ground in its rear, forty feet north and south by sixty-eight feet east and west. The leasehold included, in addition, a private alley twelve feet wide, extending along the eastern line ninety-nine and one-half feet, with the pri^■ilege of buildiiig over it, thus giving forty-eight feet front on Fourth Street, with an extreme depth of ninety-nine and one-half feet. The receipts for the four years were $507,157.08; expenditures, $502,516.38. Gross assets, April 1, 1885, $220,3o8Al; liabilities, $7,471.32 (accounts, $2,971.32, real estate, $4,500); net assets, $212,- 887.09. Increase in net assets, in four years, $50,160.91; dividends and other general Church expenses, $10,850; aggregate net profits, $61,010.92. G 82 THE HOUSE AT DAYTON. Ill 1882, for tlie first time in its history, the House paid a dividend to the Annual Confer- ences, for the benefit of worn-out preachers and preachers' widows and orphans. This dividend amounted to $5,000, and M'as distributed accord- ing to the rules of the Discipline. A second dividend of 5!^5,000 was made in 1884. During the quadrennium the House also paid the exi^enses of the delegates to the Methodist Ecumenical Council in London — $550, and supplied the mis- sions in Germany and Africa with printers' materials worth $300, thus increasing the amount paid out for general Church purposes to $10,850. Additional to the above, the loss on the German periodicals caused by limited circulation (the German membershii) of the Church being small), was $6,307.69 for the four years — a jxirely benev- olent donation, such as is regularly anticipated and contributed. The various periodicals were well sustained throughout the term. The Bdigiotis Telescope passed its semi-centennial, December 31, 1884, and celebrated the event by issuing, in a new dress, a semi-centennial number, containing an extended illustrated history and interesting remi- niscences of the Publishing House. In January, 1882, the JVcel'li/ Bible Lesson was superseded by the Iniermediaie Bible -Lesson Qu(irlci-hj. THUlTEEyTll ill' ADRKyyiL'M— 1881-85. 83 AVitli tlie opening of tlie year 1882 the "Woman's Missionary Association of the Church began to jjublish a monthly missionary periodical entitled the WoiiKUi's Evangel, edited by Mrs. L. K. Keis- ter, M. A. While not controlled by the Publish- ing House, it is an official Church publication, issued from the presses of the House, and for this reason is included in the list of periodicals of the Establishment. Numeroiis books and i)amphlets were issued during the term, several of which were of such a character as to indicate a new era in the history of the Church. The list included the following: Gciwyal List — "Seneca and Kant; or. An Expo- sition of Stoic and Eationalistic Ethics, with a Comparison and Criticism of the Two Systems," by Eev. W. T. Jackson, Ph. D., 1881; "The Tobacco Question," three essays, by Eev. I. L. Kephart, A. M., Eev. M. E. Drury, A. M., and Eev. M. H. Ambrose, A. M., 1882; "An Essay on the Use of Tobacco by Christians," l)y Eev. I. L. Kephart, A. M., 1882; "The Power of the Invisible, and Other Lectures and Addresses," by Eev. H. A. Thompson, D. D., 1882; "The Preacher and His Sermon; a Treatise on Homiletics," by Eev. J. W. Etter, B. D., 1883; "Clusters from Eshcol," by Jacob Hoke, 1883; "The Life of Bishop David Edwards, D. D.," by Eev. Lewis Davis, D. D., 1883; "Life of Eev. Philip William 84 THE HOUSE AT LAYTOX. Otterbein," by Eev. A. AV. Drury, A. M., 1884; " Journeyings in the Old AVorld; or, Evirope, Pal- estine, and Egypt," by Eev. J. W. Hott, D. D., 1884; "Autobiography of Eev. Lydia Sexton," 1885; "A Handbook o£ the United Brethren in Christ," by E. L. Shney, A. M., 1885. Music and Hymn Books — "Songs of the Kingdom," by Eevs. I. Baltzell and E. S. Lorenz, 1882; "Holy Toices," by Eevs. E. S. Lorenz and I. Baltzell, 1883; "Har- fentone," by Eevs. W. Mittendorf and M. Buss- dicker, 1883; "Songs for Times of Eefreshing," by Eevs. E. S. Lorenz and I. Baltzell, 1885. 3IusiG and Services for S2:>ecial Occasions — "Christmas Chimes," by Eevs. E. S. Lorenz and I. Baltzell, 1882; "Eedemption's Story," a Christmas service, by Eev. E. S. Lorenz, 1882; "The Prince of Peace," a Christmas service, by E. L. Shney, A. M., 1883; "From Death Unto Life," an Easter service, by E. L. Shney, A. M., 1884; "The Light of Life," a Christmas service, by E. L. Sliuey, A. M., 1884; "The Prince of Life," an Easter service, by Eev. E. S. Lorenz, A. M., 1885. For many years Family Bibles had been sold upon subscription, by the book department. In the spring of 1884 a subscription-book subdepartment was opened, and a special effort made to enlarge this class of business. The first book published under the new arrangement was "Journeyings in the Old World; or, Europe, Palestine, and Egypt," TIIIR TEKXTII Q UA DREXXIUM—1881- 85. So by Rev. James V\\ Hott, D. D., editor of the lie- ligioiis Telescope. The author, having made a tour through the countries described, was success- ful in producing a vohime of permanent vakie and interest. The book is a large octavo volume, handsomely illustrated, and tastefully i^rinted and bound. In the several styles in which it is issued, it has been well received by the Church and the public, and in the course of time has netted some jjrofit to the Establishment. Eev. AV. H. Lanthurn, superintendent of the book department, died in the year 1884, having spent more than sixteen years in the service of the House. The general officers elected by the General Conference of 1881, and serving throughout the term, were the following: Editor of the Belijjions Telescope, Rev. J. W. Hott, D. D.; editor of Sun- day-school literature. Rev. D. Berger, D. D. ; editor of German periodicals. Rev. "William Mittendorf; editor of the Missionary Visitor, Rev. D. K. Flick- inger; publishing agent, Rev. AY. J. Shuey. The editor of the Telescope, with the approval of the trustees, selected as his assistant Rev. M. R. Drury, A. M. The trustees for the same period were Rev. L. Davis, D. D., Rev. William McKee, Rev. J. L. Luttrell, D. L. Rike, Rev. S. Mills, N. G. Thomas, and Rev. G. Fritz. 8G THE HOUSE AT DAYTON. FOURTEENTH QUADEENNIUM. lSS.-)-lS89. The fourteenth qiiadrenuiuni was, in many re- spects, the most prosperous in the history o£ the Establishment. The total cash receipts for the four years, from the business projjer, were §587,- 458. 76, an advance oyer the preceding term of $80,300.78. The actual net profits of the four years combined were §50,903.70. The cash sales of books during the term amounted to §242,972.73, or §63,278.72 more than for the preceding four years. The sales of i)eriodicals produced a cash income of §219,613.69, an increase over the j^re- vious term of §20,381.44 All of the periodicals except one exhibited an increase in circulation — several of them a very decided advance. The rapid expansion of a number of the depart- ments had been demanding, for some time, the enlargement of the building. Moreover, the ground last jjurchased was unprofitable without improvement. The trustees and agent deter- mined, therefore, to erect as soon as possible a building which would meet the requirements of the House for many years. Early in the year 1886 the Religious Telescope and German com- posing-rooms were removed from the front jiart of the third floor of the corner building to the third floor of the third buildinu'. The rooms I I I i| M . 1.1:1,1 I FO Lli TKENTH Q LADRENNIUM— 1885-89. 89 thus vacated were refitted, and occupied by the editors of the ReHgions Telescope, the general proof reader, and the United Brethren Historical Society. In the spring of the same year the foundations were laid for the new structure upon the recently acquired ground. It was com- pleted and occupied before the close of the year. At the same time the third building was extended northward about twenty feet. The new building, the fourth from Main Street in order of construction, is larger than the original building on the corner, erected in 1854, and as comj^leted the four buildings, now practically merged into one great structure, afforded more than three times the space supplied by the original corner building. The new addition fronts forty- eight feet on Fourth Street, with an extreme depth of ninety-nine and one-half feet, is four stories in height, and is built of pressed brick, laid in white mortar, trimmed with dark red sandstone. The front elevation is attractive in aj^pearance. The walls are strong, and all its 2)arts are adapted to the strain of heavy machinery. The cost of the building, including other additions and changes, was $24,212.21. The new building was occupied as follows: The rear portion of the first floor and basement was arranged for engine and boiler rooms, in which were placed a new sixty horse-power engine and 90 THE HOUSE AT JJAYTOX. two new boilers, witli necessary attaclimeuts. The second floor entire was made tlie press room, into wliicli the presses were removed both from the old press room and from the job department, where some of them had been operated, thus bringing- all of them under the management of one foreman. Three large new presses were added to the equipment. The front part of the first floor and basement and all of the third and fourth floors were leased at a good rental, thus affording a profitable investment, as well as ample room for expansion for years to come. The rooms thus leased in the new building, with two apartments in the old buildings, bring an annual rental income of more than $2,300, or six per cent, on an invested capital of $39,000. The old press room had occupied the first floor of the second building, immediately in the rear of the bookstore. This room, when vacated, was so changed as to adapt it to business, and the front part was occupied as the general ofhce of the House, while the rear became the shipping- room of the book deijartment. The old elevator, which had been in use since 1854, with its sur- roundings, was removed, a new one constructed in the next building, and the bookstore enlarged by the addition of this space, the area formerly devoted to the general office, and that of the old FOL R TEEXTH (^ UAVREXXl i -M—1885-.st for flic Liille Ones twenty \)ei' cent., and lliat of the liclif/ioiis Telescopic to 5^1 per year to itinerant ministers. These reductions cost the House $5,000 a year, and reduced its annual profits by that amount. The receipts for the four years, from the l)usi- ness of the House, were $587,458.70; from loans, $34,781.41; total receipts, $622,240.17; expendi- tures, $618,113.62. Gross assets, April 1, 1889, $282,884.70; liabilities, $21,297.32; net assets, $261,- 587.38. Increase in net assets in four years, $48,700.29; actual profits, including outside ex- penses of $2,203.39 ordered by the General Con- ference, $50,903.68. The loss on the German department for the four years, due, as usual, to the small circulation of the periodicals, was $5,771.99. By the failure of the "Eastern U. B. Book and Publishing House," a private concern with which the House had dealt in conformity to the order of the General Conference, a loss of $3,178.91 was sustained. The experience of many years has demonstrated beyond a doubt that the time has not yet arrived for the division of the publishing interests of the Church by the estab- lishment of branch houses. The expenses of the House for which it received no pecuniary compensation in return, and which. 96 THE HOUSE AT DAYTON. in effect, reduced its profits, were, for tlie term ending in 1889, as follows: Rooms furnislied to tlie two missionary societies of the Cliurcli, in- cluding light and heat, $600 per year, or i*2,4:00 for the term; loss on the German literature due to limited circulation, for the term, $5,771.99; General Conference expenses, 1885, $170.04; Church Commission expenses, $1,733.35; editing Missionary Visifor, excess of value as comj^ared •with similar work on the CJiiJdfciis Friend, $1,400 for the term; grand total, $11,775.38 in four years. The editorial force from 1885 to 1889 consisted of the following: Editor of the Religions Tele- scope, Rev. J. W. Hott, D. D. ; assistant ( appointed by the editor and trustees), Rev. M. R. Drury, A. M. Editor of Sunday-school literature. Rev. D. Berger, D. D. Editor of German periodicals. Rev. E. Light. Editor of the Missionary Visitor, Rev. Z. Warner, D. D. ; succeeded in 1887 by Rev. William McKee, and he, in 1888, by Rev. Benjamin E. Booth, D. D. Editor of the Wo)nan's Evangel, Mrs. L. R. Keister, M. A.; associate from 1888, Mrs. L. K. Miller, M. A. The trustees for the term were D. L. Rike, Rev. William McKee, Rev. George Miller, Rev. G. Fritz, Rev. B. F. Booth, D. D., John Dodds, and Rev. S. Mills. Rev. W. J. Shuey continued to serve as publisher. FIFTEENTH QT'ADREXNIUM— 1889-93. 99 FIFTEENTH QUADKENNIUM. 1889-1893. Only a little more tlian three-fourths of the fifteenth quadrennium has now elapsed. During this time the business of the Establishment has continued io increase, and again extensive improve- ments have been necessary. In the year 1889 a large two-revolution cylinder press — the largest ever owned by the House — was purchased. In 1800 new machinery was added to the electrotype department. In the spring of 1891 a fourth story was erected on the third building, the location of several of the departments was changed, and the space occupied by a number of them enlarged. The Religious Tdescoj^c and German composing- rooms were removed to the new room on the fourth floor, the mailing department was placed on the third floor of the third building, the electrotype department was transferred from the fourth to the third floor of the second building, occupying the former mailing-room, and the bindery was ex- tended to include the old electrotypiiig-room. At the same time nearly all the manufacturing depart- ments were thoroughly renovated, Edison incan- descent lights were introduced into a portion of the buildings, another two-revolution press was purchased, and other improvements were made. In tlie summer of 1891 additional facilities for 100 THE HOUSE AT DAYTON. stereotyping were provided, and a new folding, pasting, and covering machine was purchased for the mailing department. In the snmmer of 1892 some additions were made to the book department and publisher's office. In July, 1891, the ReUqions Telescope was issued in a new dress, and for the first time in its history was printed from plates, these being made from the type by the papier-mache stereotyping process. The total expense of the various improvements amounted to several thousand dollars. The General Conference of 1889 ordered the establishment of a new periodical — a quarterly review. Since the suspension of the Unifu Mag- azine, in 1859, no periodical of such character had been published. Eev. J. AV. Etter, D. D., the well- known author of "The Preacher and His Sermon" and "The Doctrine of Christian Baptism," was elected editor, with the provision that he should also serve as associate editor of the Sunday-school literature. The first number of the new magazine, dated January, 1890, was issued in December, 1889, under the title. The Quarfei-Jij ReviciD of ihe United Brethren in Christ. Each number contains about one hundred pages, and is printed on excellent paper from large new type, and bound in a taste- ful manilla cover. The magazine has met with a cordial reception both within and outside the Church, and with such auspicious beginning prom- FIFTEEXTH QVADRENNIUM— 1889-93. 101 ises to find a field of usefulness. Financially, it cannot prove profitable, tliough its circulation already compares favorably with that of other reviews of like character. In the fall of 1891. the editor of the Quarierhj Rci'icic having been elected professor of Systematic Theology in Union Biblical Seminary, the other professors in that institution, Kev. George A. Funk- houser, D. D., Eev. Josiah P. Landis, D. D., Ph. D., and Piev. Augustus W. Drury, D. D., became con- nected with the magazine as associate editors. A German lesson quarterly, entitled SonfdgscJtiil- Lcciionen, has recently been added to the list of Sunday-school publications, making the twelfth periodical now issued regularly by the House. The General Conference of 1889 also ordered the publicfition of "a small hymnal, adapted to general church purposes." For fifteen years "Hymns for the Sanctuary" had been in use, and though its merit was unquestioned and a large number of copies had been, sold, there was a demand for something smaller and cheaper, to meet the wants of many churches which could not afford to fully supply themselves with the more expensive book. In accordance with the provision of the Conference, the publishing agent secured the services of Ptev. E. S. Lorenz, A. M., the author of many popular music books, as editor. The manuscript, when prepared, was suluuitted to a IOl' the house a T DAYTON. tliorouglily competent advisory committee con- sisting of the following members of the Church: Musical, Samuel E. Kumler, Calvin H. Lyon, Mrs. A. B. Shauck, Judge John A. Shauck; liforn-ij, Prof. J. P. Landis, D. D., Ph. D. The hymnal was issued in May, 1890, under the two titles of "The Otterbein Hymnal" and "The People's Hymnal," — the first for our own Church, and the second for undenominational use. Both music and word editions have been issued, tastefully bound in various styles, at popular prices. It has been welcomed with unqualified approval, and has already met with an extensive sale, more than 45,000 copies having been sold before April, 1892. A number of other books and jDamphlets have been published since the opening of the term. Among them were the following: "Handbook of the United Brethren in Christ." revised edition, by E. L. Shuey, A. M., 1889; "Proceedings of the General Conference of 1889," 1889; "Our Mis- sionary Work from 1853 to 1889," by Kev. D. K. riickinger, D. D., 1889; "Handbook for Workers," by Kev. M. R. Drury, A. M., German edition, 1891; "The Thorn in the Flesh; or, a Beligious Medita- tion upon Affliction," by Eev. J. W. Etter, D. D., 1892; "A Practical Comment on the Confession of Faith of the United Brethren in Christ,"' by Bishop J. Weaver, D. D., 1892; "Manual of the United Brethren Pxd)lishing House; Historical and De- FIFTEEN TH m'A DRENNI UM— Ls.'i'J-'j:j. 1 03 scriptive," by W. A. Sliuey, A. M., 1892. Pamphlets — 'All Outliue History of Our Cluircli Trou])les," l)y Pu'V. ^\. J. Sliuey, 1889; '-The Revised Coii- fession" aiul "Ecclesiastical Constitution," by Rev. A. AV. Drury, D. D., 1890; "The Philosophy of the Christian Religion," by Prof. T. J. Sanders, Ph. D., 1890. 3Iiisic — " Songs of Refreshing, Num- ber Two," l)y Rev. E. S. Lorenz, 1890; "The Mas- ter's Praise," by Revs. E. S. Lorenz and I. Baltzell, 1891. A number of special services for Christ- mas, Easter, and Children's Day, and numerous other i^amphlets have been published during the term, a full list of which will be found in the His- torical Catalogue of Publications, on pages 309 and 317. In the spring of 1891 the book department un- dertook an enterprise which far surpassed anything in the line of trade ever before attempted by the House. For many years the sales of Teachers' Bibles had been very large, and the books handled, though largely of British manufacture, had been purchased entirely in this country. There being a demand for a large-type Teachers' Bible in good binding at a low price, it was determined to buy directly from Great Britain, in order to secure the l)est possible commercial advantage. To accomplish this purpose, it was decided to send Oscar \Y. Binkerd, the gentleman in charge of the subscription-book trade, to London and 104 THE HOUSE AT BAYTOX. Glasgow, witli full authority to make a contract for the supply of the books desired. The visit was successful. A contract was made with AYilliam Collins, Sons, & Co., Limited, of London and Glasgow, for the manufacture of a special class of Teachers' Bibles, in two sizes of type and several styles of binding, and for the exclusive agency for the United States for the sale of these Bibles for a term of years. An order was j^laced for a very large number of these books. A year later, this enterprise developed into an arrangement by which the Publishing House united with two other large religious publishing houses in estab- lishing an agency in New York City for the imptjrtation and sale of a complete line of the Collins Bibles and Testaments, which agency now controls the American market for these books. Mr. O. W. Binkerd is employed as manager. The receipts for the year ending April 1, 1890, were, from the business, $157,714.94; from loans, $3,200; cash on hand, April 1, 1889, $4,126.55; total receipts, $165,041.49; expenditures, $157,149.27. Gross assets, April 1, 1890, $300,387.49; liabilities, $20,119.46; net assets, $280,268.03. Increase in assets in one year, $18,680.63; expenses of the General Conference and other Church expenses, $1,997.03; net profits, $20,677.66. The receipts for the year 1890-91 were, from the business, $169,229.89; borrowed money, $9,940; FIFTEENTH QUADREXXIIJM— 1880-93. 105 cash on liaiul, April 1, 1890, 87,802.72; total re- ceipts, 81S7,0G2.()1 ; expenditures, $182,387.43. Gross assets, $312,421.57; liabilities, $24,948.48 (accounts, $9,748.48; borrowed money, $15,200); net assets, $287,473.09. Increase in net assets, $7,205.06; divi- dends, etc., $11,034.84; net profits, $18,239.90. The receipts for the year 1891-92 were, from the business, $197,000.04; borrowed money, $33,254.49; cash on hand, April 1, 1891, $4,675.18; total re- ceipts, $234,929.71; expenditures, $231,233.24 (for business, $216,183.24; borrowed money, $15,050). Gross assets, $346,606.37 (real estate, $95,000; ma- chinery and stock, $197,705.41; accounts, $50,204.49; cash, $3,696.47); liabilities, $43,920.66 (accounts, $10,198.60; borrowed money, $33,722.06); net assets, $302,685.71. Increase in net assets, $15,212.62; net profits, $17,279.17. In 1891-92 the receipts of the book department exceeded $100,000. The loss on the German de- partment, for the three years, was $3,635.19; on the Qmirierhj Revieic, $2,282.94. On the first day of April, 1865, the net assets of the House were $11,700.57. April 1, 1892, they were, as stated above, $302,685.71, a net increase in twenty-seven years of $290,985.14, or an average annual increase of $10,777.22, exclusive of divi- dends to the Annual Conferences, numerous other disbursements ordered by the General Conference, and many other benevolent contributions. A re- 106 THE HOUSE AT DAYTON. view of the latter will show more completely the prosperity and financial capacity of the House. The dividends to the Annital Conferences, since the first distribution, in 1882, have amounted to $16,500; the expenses of the General Conferences, of the delegates to the Methodist Ecumenical Council, the Church Commission, etc., since 1881, have aggregated considerably more than $2,500; the loss on the German department since 1869 has been $27,208.08, and on the Qiiarterhj Review since its first publication in 1889, $2,282.94; rooms have been furnished to the two missionary soci- eties of the Church for many years, with light and heat, the total value of wdiich has been several thousand dollars; books and periodicals of our own publication have been contributed to our colleges and academies, and other l)enevolent and un- remunerative disbursements have been made. In addition to the above, over $38,000 interest has been paid on borrowed capital since 1865, and much has been lost on worthless accounts. The average aggregate circulation of jDeriodicals for 1889-90 was 303,907, an increase in one year of 15,163; for 1890-91, 812,951, an increase of 9,044; for 1891-92, 328,368, an increase of 15,417. The number of copies of books and pamphlets printed within the year 1889-90 was 78,000; music books, 104,900; total, 182,900. The number of periodicals (pieces) was 5,727,950. The grand FIFTEENTH QUADRENNIUM—1S89-93. 107 total of books and periodicals (pieces) was 5,910,- 850. an increase over the preceding year of 259,325. The nunil)er of copies of books and pamj^hlets printed within the year 1890-91 was 74,150; music books, 143.-100; total, 217,550. Tlie nund)er of periodicals (pieces) was 5,900,050. The grand total of books and periodicals (pieces) was 6,117,- GOO, an increase over the preceding year of 206,750. The number of copies of books and pamphlets printed witliin the year 1891-92 was 31,900; music books, 231,050; total 262,950. The number of peri- odicals (pieces) was 6,286,700. The grand total of books and periodicals (pieces) was 6,549,650, an increase over the preceding year of 432,050. The above record includes only our own publi- cations. A large amount of job work is done, of nnich of whicli no record can be kept. A partial record of job work for 1891-92 shows more than 116,600 copies of l)ooks and pamphlets printed within the year in addition to the above. Including nine editors, one publishing agent, and nine foremen of ilepartments, the number of persons employed at i)resent is about one hundred. The largest amount of weekly wages in the histcny of the House was paid on Friday, March 20, 1891, when Si, 248.38 was required to meet the demands of the pay roll. Since the last General Conference, the board of trustees is composed as follows: David W. Crider, 108 THE HOUSE AT DAYTON. Eev. C. I. B. Brane, A. M., Eev. J. S. Mills, D. D., Ph. D., B. F. Witt,i Eev. S. Mills, Eev. George Miller, D. D.. Eev. George F. Deal, D. L. Eike, and Judge Joliii A. Sliauck. The executive committee, appointed by the board, at present consists of the following: D. L. Eike, Judge J. A. Shauck, and Eev. Lewis Bookwalter, D. D. Eev. W. J. Shuey was elected publishing agent, in 1889, for the seventh term, and with the close of the financial year in April, 1892, completed his twenty-eighth year as agent. The editors of the periodicals are the following: Editor of the Religions Telescope, Eev. I. L. Kep- hart, D. D. ; associate editor, Eev. M. E. Drury, D. D. Editor of the Sunday-school literature, Eev. D. Berger, D. D. ; associate editor, Eev. J. AV. Etter, D. D. Editor of the Qnariei'hj Review, Eev. J. W. Etter, D. D. ; associate editors, Eev. G. A. Funkhouser, D. D., Eev. J. P. Landis, D. D., Ph. D., and Eev. A. W. Drury, D. D. Editor of the German periodicals, Eev. AVilliam Mittendorf. Editor of the Missionarij Visitor, Eev. B. F. Booth, D. D. Editor of the Woman s Ecangcl, Mrs. L. E. Keister, M. A.; associate editor, Mrs. L. K. Miller, M. A. A BEIEF SUMMAEY. Eeviewing the years since the founding, the gross capital of the House has increased from ^ Deceased. A BRIEF SnLUARY. 109 $1,G00 in 1834 to 8340,006.37 in 1892. The net capital accumulated is now $302,685.71. The value of real estate has grown from §550 in 183-4 to $95,000 in 1892. The aggregate receipts from business since 1834 have been about $3,370,000. The cash sales of books have amounted to more than $1,200,000. The cash receipts from i:»eriod- icals have been more than $1,360,000. The in- terest paid on borrowed capital has exceeded the sum of $68,000, while the losses on worthless accounts would doubtless be found to exceed $50,000. It is impossible at present to determine accu- rately the total amount contributed for benevolent purposes. Some definite figures have been given in the 2)receding pages. Including the cash divi- dends to the Conferences, the sustaining of the German periodicals, the general Church expenses paid by order of the General Conference, together with other C(mtributions for various purposes, the aggregate thus contributed has been considerably more than $50,000. About three hundred books and pamphlets of various sizes have been issued, and seventeen different jDeriodicals have been published, twelve of which are still continued. The present organization of the House consists of nine trustees, an executive committee of three, out" publishing agent, and a number of editors, no THE HOUSE AT DAYTOX. almost all of wliom being elected every four years by the General Conference. Tlie executive commit- tee is appointed by the trustees. The trustees hold annual meetings, while the executive committee may be convened at any time, though required to examine the books and accounts every six months. The trustees represent the corporation, having power to examine into the management, to suspend for cause any General Conference officer connected with the House, to fill vacancies, and to adopt rules for the government of the minor interests of the Establishment which do not c-onflict with the Discipline. The publishing agent has general supervision of the business interests of the con- cern, employing all subordinates, managing the finances, and directing its business enterprises. The editors have charge of the editorial depart- ments of the several periodicals under their care. The several editors, together with the publishing agent, constitute a book committee, without whose approval no doctrinal publication can be issued by the Establishment. The laws of the Church provide for the distribution of the j^roceeds of the House, above its contingent expenses, among the Conferences j^ro raid, in proportion to the number of itinerants, for the benefit of traveling and worn-out ministers and their widows and orj^hans. IV. THE PERIODICALS Ixfligiouo (ffifscope. ' IV. THE PERIODICALS. In the preceding pages, mention lias been made of each periodical as established, with such suc- ceeding remarks as the narrative occasioned. In order, however, to introduce information which could not well be given elsewhere, and especially to exhibit a connected history of each, for conven- ience of reference, these important publications are here separately outlined. THE UELIGIOUS TELESCOPE. In Parts I. and II. an account of the origin of journalism in the Church has been given. As there stated, the attempt of Rev. Aaron Farmer, in 1829, to establish the Zion's Advocaic, in Indiana, and that of Rev. William R. Rhinehart to pub- lish, in 1833, at Hagerstown, Maryland, a paper called the Jlonnfain Messenger, were followed by a resolution by the General Conference of 1833 that a paper "devoted to religious, moral, and literary intelligence" be published at Circleville, Ohio, under the official control of the Church. Arrangements having been made for the mechan- ical work, as detailed in Part II., the first number of the new paper was issued from Circleville, H5 116 THE PERIODICALS. Ohio, December 31, 1834, with the title of the Reliyions Telescope. The interest of Rev. William H. E-hinehart in the Moanfain Messenger having been purchased and that paper having been dis- continued, Mr. Khinehart became, by invitation, both editor and publisher of the new periodical "The paper from the first was respectable in size and character. It at once became a favorite with the Church, and a medium of free interchange of thought in the denomination, as well as a bearer of Christian and general intelligence." ^ Mr. Khinehart held his position until 1839. He was a bold advocate of the abolition of American slavery, and his editorial expressions led to sharp discussion in the columns of the paper. On the 3d of October, 1838, the trustees of the Establish- ment published an order that thereafter no com- munications ujjon the subject of abolition or colonization should be allowed to appear in the Telescope in the form of a reply. Those who approved the previous course of the paper called this order the "gag law." Mr. Khinehart himself defended "free discussion," and was unwilling to submit to its jirohibition. On the 1st of May, 1839, his editorial connection with the Telescope ceased, he having resigned. His valedictory closed with the following language: "It is better, ten thousand times, that this nation should put away ' Religious Telescojie, April 28, 1880, p. 4. THK RELIGIOUS TELESCOPE. li- the accursed tiling, slavery, than that we should fall into the hands of an angry and avenging God." The General Conference of 1841 passed an act ■with reference to the discussion of the question of slavery in the Telescope, similar to that adopted by the trustees. Four years later the General Conference removed these restrictions. Ui)on the resignation of Mr. Ehinehart, Hev. "William Hanby was elected editor, by the Scioto Conference, which at that time exercised official authority in the intervals between the sessions of the General Conference. By the election of the General Conference of 18-11, he continued in this position until 1845. At the session of the General Conference held at Circleville, Ohio, in 1845, Eev. David Edwards was elected editor. In 1849, at Cincinnati, he was reelected, but immediately resigned, and the Con- ference then again placed Mr. Hanl)y in charge of the paper. Early in the year 1850 Kev. John Lawrence was appointed by the trustees as assistant editor. In 1852, when Mr. Hanby, having been elected pub- lishing agent, resigned the editorship, the board of trustees aj^pointed Mr. Lawrence to that posi- tion. The General Conferences of 1853, 1857, and 1861 reelected him to the editorial control of the paper, and he continued in office until the spring of 18G4, when he resigned. 118 THE PERIODICALS. On the 29tli of April, 1864, by appointment of the trustees, Rev. Daniel Berger became editor of the Tclescoi)e, as the successor of Mr. Lawrence, and by the election of the General Conference of 1865 continued to occupy the editorial chair until 1869. The General Conference of 1869, held at Leb- anon, Pennsylvania, elected Kev. Milton Wright editor. In 1873, the election of two editors with equal rank having been determined upon by the General Conference, Rev. Milton Wright and Rev. William O. Tobey, A. M., were elected joint editors. The General Conference of 1877, held at AVest- field, Illinois, in May of that year, determined to elect an editor in chief and an assistant editor. Rev. James W. Hott was chosen editor, and Rev. W. O. Tobey, A. M., assistant. In 1881 Rev. J. W. Hott was reelected editor in chief. The choice of an assistant having been delegated to the editor, to be approved by the trus- tees. Rev. Marion R. Drury, A. M., was selected for that position. Mr. Hott and Mr. Drury con- tinued in these relative positions until 1889. The General Conference of 1889, meeting in York, Pennsylvania, elected Rev. Isaiah L. Kep- liart, D. D., editor in chief, Mr. Hott having been elected bishop. Rev. M. R. Drury, A. M., was elected by the General Conference as associate editor. THE RELIGIOUS TELESCOPE. 119 The editorial succession has thus been briefly outlined. Of the relative efficiency and merit of these editors, it is not within the province of the present writing to remark. They all came to their work conscientiously, and to the best of their ability labored to make the Telescope all that a family religious jjaper should be. That no small degree of success was achieved, has been shown by the progress and influence of the paper. It has grown from a comparatively insignificant medium-sized folio, issued semi-monthly, to a large sixteen-page quarto, issued weekly, with its many departments, and comparing favorably with any other paper of its class. The circidation of the Telescope during the fifty- seven years of its existence may be summarized as follows: December 31, 1834, it began its career with 1,197 subscribers. For several years succeed- ing, the circulation fell below this number. In 1S41 it had reached 1,450; in 1843, 1,981; in 1844, 2,998; in 1845, 3,090. By 1853 it had risen to 5,976, weekly. In 1857 it was 11,443; in 1861, 7,800. In June, 18G4, a large army circulation swelled the list to 22,690, the largest in its history. April 1, 1865, it was 17,472. The average for the year 1864-65 was one to every four members of the Church. For several years after the close of the War, it varied but little from 10,000. In April, 1869, it was 9,912; April 1, 1873, 10,680. 120 THE PERIODICALS. Ill April, 1877, it liad fallen to 8,688. During the next four years it increased nearly one-lialf, l)eiiig 12,480 in April, 1881. April 1, 1885, it ^ms 11,136; April 1, 1887, 13,408; April 1, 1889, 12,450; April 1, 1890, 14,700; April 1, 1891, 15,000. The original form of the Telescope was that of a medium-sized folio, issued semi-monthly. August 4, 1841, it was changed to a small quarto of eight pages. On the 30th of July, 1845, it became a weekly, and has remained such ever since. Sep- tember 4, 1850, the size of the page was enlarged to that of a large folio, and the number of the pages reduced to four. In August, 1866, the paper again became a medium-folio in size, with eight pages, instead of four. In October, 1873, the size of the page was again enlarged, the number of pages remaining the same. September 29, 1880, the Telescope was transformed into a convenient cpiarto, with sixteen pages of five columns each. January 1, 1889, in a part of the paper the col- umns were widened and reduced to four in number, large type was introduced, and other improvements were made. In July, 1891, a new dress was again i:)rocured, the size of the type being reduced, and for the first time in its history the pajjer was printed from stereotype plates. Typographically, it is no\v fully equal to any other j^ublication of its class. THE RELIGIOUS TELESCOPE. 121 The subscription price of the Telescope when first issued was SI. 50 per annum in advance, or 5*2 when jjaid within the year. This price was continued until after the close of the "War. Dur- ing the "War, it was furnished to pastors and to soldiers actually in the army at Jr^l per annum. November 29, 1865, the price was raised to $2 2)er annum, at which it has remained ever since, though it is now supplied to itinerant ministers at %! per annum. The financial history of the paper has been varied. Some account of the early period has been given in the preceding pages. For a number of years it was published at a loss. In 1843 it began to return a small j^rofit. Since then the balance each year usually has been on the credit side, largely due to the admission of advertisements. The profits for the year 1890-91 were $3,510.92. For a numl)er of years immediately succeeding the founding of the paper, advertisements were rigidly excluded. A few were then admitted, and the space occupied by them gradually increased until the income from this source alone furnished the greater amount of the net j^roceeds. Great care is exercised in preserving their proper character. A large increase in the circulation of the Tele- scope would add greatly to its profits and perhai:)s render it possible to materially reduce the sub- scription price. 122 THE PERIODICALS. FEOEHLICHE BOTSCHAFTEK. The German weekly liad its origin in the effort of E-ev. John Rnssel to j)ublish a German monthly paper called Die Geschaeftige Martha {TJie Busy Martha). It was issued from Baltimore, Mary- land, the first number appearing March 7, 1840. In 18-11 the General Conference arranged to establish a printing-office in Baltimore for the publication of a German periodical. Kev. John Bussel, C. Staley, and H. Wigang were appointed trustees, and Bev. Jacob Erb editor. One-third of the subscription list of the Religious Telescope was ordered transferred to this German paper. Mr. Bussel's journal was merged into the new periodical, and the first number of the new Busij Mayilia appeared July 1, 1811. In June, 1812, it was discontinued for want of sufficient sup- p(jrt. In October, 1816, the house at Circleville began the publication of a paper called Der Deutche Telescope {The Gei'tnan Telescope), edited by Bev. Nehemiah Altnian, who at that time was also serving as publishing agent. In 1817 Bev. David Strickler was elected editor by the trustees, and was continued in this j^osition by the Genei*al Conference of 1819. In 1819 the name of the paper was changed to Die Geschaeftige Marttia, its first title. In 1851, FROEHLICIIE BOTSCHAFTER. 123 Mr. Strickler liaviug resigned, tlie trustees ap- pointed Kev. Henry Staub editor. In the same year the name was again changed, the first num- ber of the Froeliliclie Boischaftcr appearing November 11, 1851. The General Conference of 1853 retained the services of Mr. Staub, and his editorial work con- tinued until August 17, 1855, when he resigned, and Eev. Julius Degmeier was chosen editor by the trustees. In December, 1858, Mr. Degmeier resigned, and by appointment of the trustees Kev. Solomon Vonnieda succeeded him. Mr. Yon- nieda, at the same time, was also senior publish- ing agent. Mr. Vonnieda continued to serve as editor until August 28, 1866, when, at the solicitation of the Germans in the East, the paper was transferred to Lebanon, Pennsylvania, where it was edited by Eev. Ezekiel Light, and i)ublished under private management. By order of the General Confer- ence of 1869, it was returned to Dayton, and by appointment of the board of trustees was edited by Eev. William Mittendorf. Mr, Mittendorf was reelected at each succeeding General Conference until 18S5, when Eev. E. Light was chosen editor. In 1889 Mr. Mittendorf, by the election of the General Conference, was again placed in editorial control, and continues to the present date. At the beginning, the paper was a small quarto 124 THE FERIOIJICALS. of eight pages, issued semi-moutlily. January 1, 1856, it was made a weekly. The paper having been financially unprofitable, it was reduced to a semi-monthly at the close of the year 1858. Jan- nary 1, 1866, it again became a weekly. For a time the form was that of a folio, but for a number of years it has been a medium-sized quarto of eight pages. The price of the German jjaper from 1816 to 1866 was $1. January 1, 1866, when for the sec- ond time it was made a weekly, the price was raised to §1.50. January 1, 1875, the United States law requiring the i^repayment of jjostage by the publisher having been passed, the price was made $1.65, to cover the cost of postage. It has remained at this ever since. The circulation in 1853 was rejDorted as 1,158; in 1857, 1,838; in 1861, 960; in 1865, 1,250; in 1869, 1,200; in 1873, 1,311; 1877, 1,152; 1881, 1,150; 1885, 1,300; 1889, 1,247; and in 1801, 1,150. Financially, the German periodicals have been conducted with a loss, almost from the beginning. This is the result, chiefly, of the limited German membership of the Church, which is hardly suffi- cient to i^roperly sustain the German publications. The loss sustained by the House in its efforts to sujjply these periodicals to the German portion of the Church has been, for the last twenty-two years, over $26,000. It will continue, at the rate IMTY MAdAZlXE. 125 of nearly $1,500 a year, unless some method can be devised to increase the income from this source or diminisli the expense, neither of which seems at present practicable. UNITY MAGAZINE. By order of the General Conference of 1853, there was issued from the Publishing House at Dayton, Ohio, in November of that year a monthly magazine entitled The Unitij irifh God and Mag- azinc of Sacred L'devatuvc. It was edited by Bishop David Edwards, and was devoted chiefly to the promotion of Christian holiness. In 1854 its name became simply The- Unifij Magazine. In January, 1S5G, it was issued under the name of The Uiidij Magazine and Ladies' Companion, and its character modified to correspond with this change. In January, 1858, it became The Chris- tian Repository. In 1857 the General Conference elected Bev. Alexander Owen editor. The magazine was a double-column octavo, of thirty-two pages, printed on good paper, with occasional illustrations, and its subscription price was $1 per annum. Its contents consisted of con- tributions, selections, poems, editorial miscellany, and book notices. Some of the ablest men in the Church were among its contributors, and the names of a few women may be found in its columns. A number of biographies of men prom- 126 THE PERIODICALS. ineiit in tlie early history of the Church were a feature worthy of special note. Every effort seems to have been made to sustain the magazine and to place it upon a firm founda- tion, but without success. In 1857 it had a subscription list of l,-400 copies, and was barely meeting expenses. By May 1, 1858, the circulation had decreased to 970, and with the number for January, 1859, just as it was entering upon its sixth year, the magazine was suspended. The editor, in a lengthy valedictory, declared that the magazine had "had a hard road to travel," and had never been known to "smile." Though worthy of a better fate, it had become only a subject for the historian. childeen's friend. On the 6th of May, 1851, was issued the first number of a periodical designed especially for the Sabbath school. It had long been in contempla- tion, but now for the first time became a reality. It began as, and has always continued to be, an illustrated semi-monthly. Its first editor was Bishop David Edwards, who at that time was also the editor of the Unify Mcujazine. August 1, 1857, Rev. Alexander Owen succeeded Mr. Edwards, by election of the General Conference of that year. In January, 1859, Mr. Owen resigned, and by ajjpointment of the trustees Rev. Solomon Yon- CHILDREN'S FRIEND. 127 nieda became editor, in addition to liis duties as senicn- i)nblisliing agent and editor of the Froeh- liche Boischaftcr. Mr. Vonnieda was a very pop- ular writer for children, and was known by the pseudonym of "Uncle Solomon." After ten years of service as editor, he was succeeded l)y Rev. D. Berger, who was elected by the board of trustees in 1869. Under Mr. Berger's management, the paper has been steadily imj:) roved; sj^ecial atten- tion has been given to illustration, and its popu- larity has been well sustained. The circulation, in 1856-57, averaged 9,500. May 1, 1861, it was 15,000; August, 1861, 37,600 April 1, 1865, 16,700; average for the year, 26,100 July, 1868, 12,720; average for the term 1865-69 30,000; average for the year 1872-73, 41,152 1876-77, average, 37,655; 1880-81, average, 35,044 1884-85, average, 36,750; 1888-89, average, 38,166 1889-90, average, 3i),167; 1890-91, average, 37,333 July, 1891, 45,000. The size of the paper, while varying slightly from time to time, has been that of a small folio. The price for many years was twenty-five cents a year for single copies, or twenty cents in clubs. In August, 1864, it became thirty cents for single copies, and twenty-five cents in clubs. Some years later the club price was reduced to twenty-four cents. In 1886 the price was reduced to the old fitruros. 128 THE PERIODICALS. MISSIONARY TELESCOPE. In January, 1858, tlie first number o£ a monthly periodical called tlie 3Iissionarij Telescope was issued. Designed to be the organ of the Home, Frontier, and Foreign Missionary Society, that organization assumed the financial responsibility, though the paper was i:)ublished in the name o£ the House. It was edited for a few months by Bev. J. C. Bright, the secretary of the society, and then by Rev. D. K. Flickinger, his successor. Though a missionary organ was much needed, it was im- possible to make it a financial success upon the plan adopted, and in November, 1861, its publica- tion was discontinued. MISSIONAEY VISITOR. The first attemjjt at jjublishing a missionary periodical having failed, a second effort was made upon an entirely different plan. A semi-monthly paper was projected, similar in size and style to the Childreii' s Friend, and designed for use in the Sunday school in connection with that pai3er. It was to be the property of the Publishing House, while the secretary of the Missionary Society was to serve as editor, and a jDortion o£ his salary was to be XDaid by the House for his services in that capacity. This arrangement has continued ever since. DER JCGEXD PILGER. 129 The first immber of the new periodical, which was entitled the Missioiiarij Visiluv, was issued July 8, 1865, with Rev. D. K. Flickinger as editor. He continued in editorial control until his election to the office of missionary bishop, in 1885, when Rev. Z. Warner, D. D., became editor. In 1887 he was succeeded by Rev. William McKee, and he in 1888 by Rev. B. F. Booth, D. D., who has continued in charge until the present time. From the beginning the paper has been a semi- monthly, of small folio size, profusely illustrated. The size of the page has varied from time to time, usually corresx^onding to that of the Chil- dren's Fn'oid. The publication was begun with a subscription list of a few hundred. In May, 1866, the circula- tion reached 3,500. In May, 1869, it was 14,000 1872-73, average, 19,784; 1876-77, average, 22,880 1880-81, average, 24,015; 1884-85, average, 30,917 1888-89, average, 33,375; July, 1891, 40,000. The price of the MissioiKo-ij Visifoi- has Ijcen uniform with that of the Childi-eiis Friend. DEK JUGEXD PILGER. With the beginning of the year 1870 the House began the publication of a new illustrated German periodical for the Sunday school, entitled Der Jiigend Fihjer. At first it was issued monthly, but in January, 1874, it became a semi-monthly. Its 130 THE PERIODICALS. editor was Rev. AVilliam Mittendorf, the editor of the Froeldiche BofscJiafter. For fifteen years he continued to edit the Pilger, until, in 1885, he was succeeded by Rev. E. Light. Since 1889 Mr. Mittendorf again occnj)ies his old position. In size and form the Jugend Pilger is similar to the Children's Friend and Missionary Visitor, and the price is the same. The circiilation of this paper has been as follows : In 1870-73, average, 2,400; 1873-77, average 2,200; 1877-81, average, 2,300; 1881-85, average 2,880; 1885-89, average, 2,710; April 1, 1891, 2,600. OUE WEEKLY BIBLE-LESSON. As stated in Part III., with the introduction of the International Sunday-school Lesson system in 1873, the Publishing House, with its usual enter- prise, at once adopted the new plan, and arranged for the publication of lesson helps based upon that scheme. The first number of Lesson Leaves for the Sahhath School appeared on the 1st of January, 1873, with Rev. J). Berger as editor. The lesson for each week was j^rinted on a two-page, octavo sheet, and the numbers for one month were all sent out together. The leaf contained the International scripture-lesson, with daily Bible-readings, and brief notes and comments. The name was soon after changed to Our Weehhj Bible-Lesson. The publication of this lesson-leaf continued OUR BIBLE TEACHER. 131 until 1881, when it was succeeded by the Inferme- ch'afe QuaHcrhj. The price was a cent a copy per month, thirty copies for twenty-five cents, one hundred copies for seventy-five cents. The circu- lation, in April, 1873, three months after the first number was issued, was 15,000; 1876-77, average, 48,210; highest average circulation, 1878-79, 69,- 667; 1880-81, 43,583. OUR BIBLE TEACHER. Three months after the publication of the first number of the Weeldy Bible-Lesson, a monthly magazine of twenty-four octavo pages, called Our Bible Teacher, was issued for the benefit of Sun- day-school teachers and families. It began its history in April, 1873, with a circulation of 1,000 copies. In 1878 its size was increased to thirty- two pages. It contains an editor's table, contribu- tions, selections, book notices, and a full expcjsition of the International lessons. Eev. D. Berger, D. D., has been its editor from the beginning, and has made it one of the foremost journals of its class in the country. Its typo- graphical appearance is worthy of special note, as no handsomer magazine of its kind issues from the i)ress. Originally the price was $1 per annum for single copies, six coi^ies for $5, ten copies for $7.50. In May, 1875, the price was reduced to seventy-five 132 THE PERIODICALS. cents for single copies, or sixty cents in clubs of five or mure. In January, 1881, a further reduc- tion was made, the terms for single copies being sixty cents, and for clubs fifty cents each. It is greatly to be regretted that the circulation of Our Bible Teacher has never been as large as its merits deserve and as the teaching force of the Church could easily supi^ly, many teachers using the QiKU'ierJu to save expense. Beginning with 1,000 copies in 1873, it reached an average circu- lation in 1876-77 of 3.255. In 1880-81 it was 3,425; in 1884-85, 4,175; 1888-89, 4,950; April 1, 1890, 5,004; July, 1891, 5,300. LESSONS FOR THE LITTLE ONES. The Children's Friend and Missionaru Visitor having found a field among the older scholars of the Sunday school, it was considered essential that the younger ones also be supiDlied with some- thing suitable to their age. Accordingly, a small but handsomely illustrated joaper was projected f(jr them, and the first number issued April 2, 1876, with the title of Our Litfle Ones. Some time later, the name was changed to For ihe Little Ones, it having been discovered that another paper of similar character was published elsewhere with the same title. It was afterward given the name Lessons for ilie Little Ones. It is and always has been a four-page octavo, printed on tinted paper, OUR BIBLE-LESSON QIAJITEULY. 133 and issued for every Sunday in the year. It is tastefully illustrated l)y the best artists, Mr. Frank Beard haviiii^ been employed for many years to furnish original work. It contains suggestive illustration and instruction uj^on the International Sunda^^-school lessons adapted to the smaller scholars. From the beginning it has been edited by Eev. D. Berger, D. D. The price, at first, was the same as that of the Children's Friend, viz., thirty cents per annum for single copies, or twenty-four cents in clubs. In January, 1882, the price was reduced to twenty- five cents a copy per annum, and twenty cents in clubs. In 1887 the price was again reduced, single copies being twenty cents, club jDrice sixteen cents, per annum. The average circulation of Our LiiiJe Ones for tne first year was 8,'200, and in the same time it yielded a profit to the House of $525.35. The popularity of the little paper swelled its circula- tion to an average of 21,210 in 1880-81. In 1881-85 it had reached 32,300; in 1888-89 the average had grown to -15,605. For July, 1891, 58,000 copies were issued. OUll BIBLE-LESSON QUARTERLY. The first nund)er of Our Bible-Lesson Qn((rierhj ■was issued in Janu;iry, 1879, with Eev. D. Berger, D. D., as editor. It is a tliirty-two page octavo, 134 THE PERIODICALS. with neat cover, containing an exposition of the International lessons adapted to the older scholars, and is issued, as its name implies, every three months. The circulation of the Quaiierbj for the first quarter of 1879 was 1,000 coj^ies; the average for 1880-81, 34,200; for 1884-85, 66,500; for 1888-89, 101,750; for 1889-90, 111,222. For the third quar- ter of 1891 130,000 cojiies were printed. The price has always been twenty cents per annum for single copies, or twelve cents in clubs. Dr. Berger has continued in charge of the edi- torial work from the beginning, but has received assistance for a number f)f years — at first from Prof. J. P. Landis, D. D.; from 1889 to 1891, from Pev. J. W. Etter, D. D., who served as associate editor of Sabbath-school literature, and since the the autumn of 1891, from the professors in Union Biblical Seminary. OUE INTEKMEDIATE BIBLE-LESSON QUARTEKLY. On the 1st of January, 1882, the Weekhj Bible- Lesson was superseded by Our Inter Died iate Bible- Lesson QKarierhj. It is a sixteen-page octavo pamphlet, without extra cover, and contains an exposition of the International lessons for the younger, or intermediate, class of scholars. Like the other Sunday-school lesson helps, it has been edited from the beginning by Pev. D. Berger, WOMAN'S FA' ANGEL. 135 D. D., with assistance similar to that rendered upon the Quarierly. The price has been uniformly six cents each per annum, in clubs. Single copies are not furnished. The circulation averaged 50,900 for the first months of 1882; for 1884-85, 39,250; for 1888-89, 45,750; for 1889-90, 45,750. For the third quarter of 1891 the edition consisted of 52,000 copies. woman's evangel. In January, 1882, appeared the first number of a monthly journal under the auspices of the Wom- an's Missionary Association of the United Breth- ren in Christ. The title of this new candidate for the favor of the Church was the ^Voman's Evangel. It is owned and managed entirely by the Woman's Missionary Association, though printed by and issued from the Publishing House. The EvcDujel is a large octavo of sixteen pages, printed from large type, and is devoted to the interests of missions, with special reference to the woman's work of the denomination. Its editor, from the beginning, has been Mrs. L. H. Keister, M. A. Since 1888 Mrs. L. K. Miller, M. A., has served as publisher and associate editor. The price, from 1882 to 1886, was seventy-five cents a year for single copies, or sixty cents in clubs. Since 1886 it has been fifty cents per annum. Financially, the Ercuigcl has been en- 136 THE PERIODICALS. couragingly successful from the beg-inning. It not only meets all exjoenses, but returns some profit. Beginning with a circulation, in January, 1882, of 1,200, by May of that year it had reached 1,700. In April, 1886, it was 2,600; April, 1889, 2,790; April, 1890, 2,790; October, 1891, 3,900. QUAETERLY REVIEW. As stated in Part III., the General Conference of 1889 ordered the establishment of a quarterly magazine devoted to religion, theology, education, and the family. The details of size, style, name, price, etc., were left to the publisher and editor. Eev. J. AY. Etter, D. D., was elected editor. After a few months of preparation, the first number of the Qitartcr-Jy Eevieiv of ilie United Brcilircn in Christ made its apjoearance, dated Jan- uary, 1890, and the Review has been issued quar- terly ever since. It is j^rinted from handsome new type, on an octavo page of heavy i^aj^er, with neat manilla cover, and contains about one hundred pages. Its contents embrace miscellaneous con- tributions, chiefly from ministers and educators in the Church, an annex department, editorial matter, and book reviews. It has closed its second volume with satisfactory results, except as to circulation and finance. As yet, its circulation has not ex- ceeded 625 copies, though it has received unqual- ified commendation from the general press, as well A SUMMAIIY. 137 PS from denominational sources. The loss for the two years of its existence has been $1,168.08. The price of the Revicir is fifty cents a niTmber, or $1.50 per annum. The editor of the magazine having been elected to the chair of Systematic Theology in Union Bil)- lical Seminary in 1891, the other professors in that institution have been associated with him in the editorial work since October of that year. These associates are Prof. G. A. Funkhouser, D. T>., Prof. J. P. Landis, D. 1)., Ph. D., and Prof. A. AV. Drury, D. I). GEEMAN SUNDAY-SCHOOL QUAIITERLY. At the beginning of the year 1890 arrangements were made for the issue of a German Sunday- school quarterly, entitled SonufagscJi nl-Lccf io)ieii. It is a twenty-four page octavo, with cover. Its price is twenty cents a year for single copies, or eight cents in clubs. The circulaticm is about 2,300. A SUMMARY. Since the founding of the Establishment, seven- teen i3eriodicals have been published, twelve of which remain to the present time, the others having been discontinued or merged into those now in existence. Of the twelve now published, three are weeklies, three are semi-monthlies, two 138 THE PERIODICALS. are montlilies, and four are quarterlies; two are weekly family papers, one a quarterly review, one a missionary periodical, and tlie other eight are intended for the Sabbath school. The English publications number nine, and the German three. The aggregate circulation for the year 1890-91 was 312,951; for 1891-92, 328,368. The total num- ber of copies issued during the former year was 5,900,050; during the latter, 6,286,700. V. THE DEPARTMENTS V. THE DEPARTMENTS. In its present condition tlie Establishment em- braces all ihe departments essential to the work of a larL,^e publishing house, including Publisher's Office, wholesale and retail Book Department, Edi- torial rooms, ComiDosing, Job-printing, Engraving, Electrotyping and Stereotyping, Power, Press, Binding, and Mailing departments. As the result of fifty-eight years of growth, it is not surprising that the most of these depart- ments have reached such proportions as to com- mand special attention. In order, therefore, to properly describe the different parts of the busi- ness, as well as to explain more fully the nature and extent of the work performed by the House, a portion of this volume is devoted to an outline of the departments, with some of the details of manufacture. The description which follows, ac- companied by graphic illustrations, most of which have been taken directly from the workrooms, is designed to convey some knowledge of the methods by which the printed pages which are so familiar in every household are produced, and to afford some conception of the variety and multiplicity of detail involved in the art. Much of the historical 144 THE DEPARTMENTS. matter pertaining to the departments having already been given, these pages are chiefly descrip- tive of their present condition and work. THE BUILDINGS. Though the bniklings have already been partly described in Part III., a sketch of them ir\?iy properly be given here, as introductory to the descrij^tion of the departments. Fronting forty feet on Main Street, two hun- dred feet on Fourth Street, and ninety-nine and one-half feet on an arcade on the east, with an irregular depth from Fourth Street northward of forty, fifty-two, eighty, and ninety-nine and one-half feet, they cover a ground area of more than a quarter of an acre. They are all four stories in height; are neatly constructed of brick, with strength sufficient for the reception of heavy machinery and material, and are conveniently arranged and adapted to the different forms of work for which they are designed. The western portion, fronting on Main Street, is occupied chiefly by the book department, offices, etc., while the central and eastern portions are devoted prin- cipally to manufacturing. They are lighted partly with gas and partly with Edison incandescent lights, are heated by steam throughout, and are supplied with fire extinguishers, fire escapes, steam and hand elevators, pneumatic tubes, electric time pcblishee's private office. PUBLISHER'S OFFICE. 147 bells, telephones, district telegraph, watchman's electric time detector, and other modern conven- iences. Two steam elevators afford access to the upper floors, one of which is situated next to the i3ul)lisher's ofiice, while the other is located in the extreme rear, opening on the arcade, thus permitting the reception and delivery of heavy- goods under cover, and preventing the blockading of the street. The floor diagrams of the buildings will be found in the Appendix, and the location of each department will be mentioned in its proj^er place. publisher's office. The center of business activity, obviously, is the Publisher's Office, which includes, besides the superintendence exercised by the Publishing Agent (or General Manager), the general correspondence, treasury, advertising, and accounts. In this office are employed the Publisher, cashier, correspond- ence clerks, and bookkeepers. It is located on the first floor, on Fourth Street, immediately in the rear of the bookstore, and is readily accessible from the street and the store, and from the upper floors by stairway and elevator. It is also in com- munication with the various departments by means of pneumatic tubes, and employs the telephone and district telegraph. Its arrangement is conven- ient, and a private ofl[ice adjoins it. The correspondence is very large, four or five 148 THE DEPAETMEXTS. hundred letters and postal cards often being re- ceived in one day, and requiring the labor of three men for their disposition. The receipts frequently amount to a thousand dollars a day, received in comj)aratively small sums. A large j^art of the correspondence is of such a character as to require distribution to the various departments, and is turned over to the proper persons for attention. The system of bookkeeping has already been mentioned. It is organized upon the department plan, each department being treated practically as a separate business. Great care is exercised to secure accuracy, and the details of the large business, almost infinite in their number and often perplexing in their nature, are kept under intelli- gent control Almost all letters, bills, etc., are kept on file, and can be referred to readily. TThile the greater part of the business is cash, yet a large number of accounts with resi^onsible parties are carried, and comparatively little loss from this source is sustained. Rev. W. J. Shuey has been in charge of this department (and, of course, of the entire busi- ness, as stated elsewhere,) for more than twenty- seven years. "When, in 1866, Mr. Shuey became sole agent, Eev. Solomon Yonnieda was appointed correspondence clerk, cashier, and bookkeeper. Upon the death of Mr. Yonnieda in 1880, William W. Wagner, who for several years had been assist- THE BOOK DEPARTMENT. 151 ant bookkeeper, succeeded liim. Upon his vol- untary retirement in 1881, Lucius O. Miller was employed. Mr. Miller continues to occupy tlie position of chief correspondence clerk and cashier, having charge, also, of the general advertising admitted to the periodicals. THE BOOK DErAETMENT. That part of the Publishing House most familiar to the public is the Book Department; and it is in every respect worthy of the enviable reputation which it has acquired. It occupies rooms on the first and second floors, and in the basement, which cover an area of about one-fifth of an acre, and the volume of its trade is considerably more than one-third of the entire business of the Establishment. Its stock embraces large selec- tions of religious, theological, educational, and general literature, subscription books. Sabbath- school supplies, stationery, etc., in character and extent not often equaled in the West. The store proper occupies all of the first floor of the Main Street building, which is forty by ninety feet. Originally divided into two store- rooms separated by a heavy brick wall, a number of tasteful arches now unite the two into one beautiful room. The store is handsomely fur- nished, the cases being of ample depth, made of walnut, and enclosed by glass doors. The stock 152 THE DEPARTMENTS. is carefully arranged and classified, facilitating ready access. Hand and steam elevators and pneumatic tubes afford communication with other parts of the building, while telephone (No. 611) and district telegraph add to the convenien- ces for the transaction of business. The office of the de- partment occupies the rear portion of the south side of the store, ad- joining the publisher's office. It is well lighted by windows facing on Fourth Street, affords a full view of the store, and is admiral )ly adapted to its purpose. Here may be found the superintendent of the department, his stenographer and typewriter, his chief clerk, the EEADEES' COENEB. THE BOOK DEPARTMENT. 155 subscription-book clerk, and the department adver- tising clerk. Adjoining the office is the "readers' corner." This is a cosy nook, enclosed within, an oak railing, RErEIVTNG-ROOM. and furnished with chairs, table, bookcase, and desk for the convenience of the patrons of the store. Upon the table and in the case are placed cojjies of all new books, and facilities are afforded for the careful examination of books, new and old. Every effort is made to sujjply information con- cerning books, and this feature of the department is much appreciated. The receiving-room, used for the opening and 156 THE DEPAllTMENTS. marking of stock, is located, immediately in the rear of tlie store and publisher's office. The shipping-room adjoins the receiving-room on the east, and extends southward to Fourth SlllPPING-KOOM. Street. It is in charge of the book-order clerk, and from it are sent forth great quantities of books, by mail, express, and freight, to all parts of the country. Several stockrooms are connected with this department, including the whole of the basement of the Main Street building, portions of the receiving- and shipping-rooms, and one room on the second floor. The basement contains, chiefly. THE BOOK DEPARTMEXT. 157 stationery, blank books, and text books; in tlie shipping-room is kept a su23ply of such books as are in constant demand for the trade outside of the city, together with Bibles and photograph albums; while in the second-floor stockroom are stored reserve supplies of our own publications. The subscription-book subdepartment was organ- ized in 1884, and has been quite successful. A number of excellent books have been published, STOCKROOM — OUR OWN PUBLICATIONS. and other books also are handled. Some account of this business has been given in the preceding pages. The expansion of the book department since its opening more than fifty years ago has been steady 158 THE DEPARTMENTS. and substantial. It is now the largest bookstore in Western Ohio. In 1840-41 the cash receipts from the sale of books amounted to only $515.78; in 1853-54 they were $5,097; in 1865-66, $15,- 967.02; in 1884-85, $47,666.98; and in 1891-92 they reached the handsome sum of $102,204.15. The aggregate receipts for the past fifty years have exceeded one million dollars. Until 1867 the department was under the imme- diate supervision of the publishing agent, Thomas A BASEMENT STOCKROOM. N. Sowers having given it special attention for several years, while occupying the positions suc- cessively of junior and senior agent. From 1867 THE BOOK DEPARTMENT. 159 to 1884, as stated elsewhere, Eev. AVilliam H. Lanthurn was employed as superintendent. After his death in 1884, William A. Shuey, A. M., and A BIT OF STOCK. Wilson G. Tanner were temporarily in charge of the department. Since 1885 Edwin L. Shuey, A. M., has been superintendent. The department has been enlarged a number of times during the period of its existence, as narrated in Part III. Within the last few years extensive additions have been made, and many important improvements have been introduced, including the opening of the subscription-book subdepartment, the entire rearrangement and re- J60 THE DEPARTMENTS. classification of stock, the preparation of an entirely new series of catalogues, and the elab- oration of numerous details of administration which have kept the department abreast of the times and added to its efficiency. The work of book publication is performed under the supervision of this department, Kev. D. Berger, D. D., W. A. Shuey, A. M., and Eev. M. B. Drury, D. D., having served as book editors. Lists of books and authors have been given in the Parts preceding, and a complete list is attached in Part VIL, under Historical Tables. "As to the character of the publications of the House, their general reputation is such as to ren- der a lengthy notice unnecessary. Almost without exception the books published have discussed important themes in an able manner, and have secured the commendation of the pulpit and the press. Within the last few years the literary rep- utation of the House has advanced to a high stand- ard, and its products have commanded the favorable notice of the most critical journals of the coun- try."^ About three hundred books and pamphlets, of various sizes, have been issued since the founda- tion of the Establishment. The principal depart- ments of literature represented are church and Sunday-school music, Sunday-school library books, and historical, doctrinal, and practical theology. 1 "History of Dayton, Ohio," pp. 267, 268. EDITORIAL 1100 MS. EDITORIAL ROOMS. 161 EDITORIAL ROOMS wl^ IliK KKLIGIOrS TELESCOPE. The editorial departments include those con- nected with the Religious Telescope, the Quarterly Review, the Sunday-school literature, the German periodicals, the Missiouari/ Visitor, and the Wom- an's Eraiujcl. The various periodicals, together with the personnel of their editori;d management, have been already described. The Religious Telescope editorial rooms are located in the southwest corner of the third floor of the Main Street building, being rooms 22 and 23 of the building directory. They consist of a main office on the corner and a private room n 162 THE DEPARTMENTS. OFFICE OF THE SI'NDAY-SrHOOTj EDITOR. adjoining. I'ronting on both Main and Fourth streets, they have a pleasant outlook, and are well lighted. The rooms are tastefully furnished, and are supplied with a good working library. They are connected with the Telescope composing-room and with the bookstore by speaking-tubes, and with the store also by a hand elevator. The editors of the Qnafievlij Reciew have no office in the building. The Sunday-school editorial office is situated in Room 14, on the second floor of the Main Street building, facing Fourth Street, and contains an EDITORIAL BOOMS. 163 excellent library, which is especially adapted to its ])iirpose. The German (nlitorial office is located in Pioom 26, on the third floor, facing Fourtli Street, two doors east of the Jxcligioiis Telescope rooms. The Jlisslonary Visitor has its office on the second floor, in Room 15, the office of the secretary of the Home, Frontier, and Foreign Missionary Society, by whom it is edited. The Woindii's Eramjel is edited in the office of the Woman's Missionary Association, which is situated in Room 12, on the second floor, facing Main Street. (. I.KM \N 1.1)1 km; I A i. i 164 THE DEPARTMENTS. THE MANUFACTUIIING DEPARTMENTS. Tlie manufacture of books aud periodicals, as at present conducted, embraces a large number of interesting processes, most of which require great skill, and are the result of the inventive progress of several centuries. In a publishing house, how- ever, only a part of these processes are jDerformed. The i^roduction of type, paper, and ink, the con- struction of presses and other machinery, and the supply of all necessary materials, while belonging essentially to book and periodical making, are conducted as separate branches of business, and do not enter into consideration here. A publish- ing house represents only the advanced stages of manufacture, using the products of the type- foundry, paper-mill, machine shop, etc., simply as the raw materials for its own final combinations. The special processes of electrotyping and stereo- typing, and the peculiar use of the foundry process in a late form of typesetting machine, are the principal exceptions to the above statement. A comi^lete publishing house, therefore, though depending upon these primary industries, usually performs only such processes as may be summa- rized under the following heads: Typesetting or composition, proof reading, engraving, electrotyj)- ing and stereotyping, printing, folding, binding, and mailing. Our own Publishing House is well liOUJC AXD JOB riilSTIXG. 1G5 equipped for all of these processes, its manufac- turing departments ()ccu2)ying a combined Hoor space of more tlian half an acre. r>0()K AM) JOB rKIXTIXG DErAllTMENT. OFFICE OF PRIXTIXG DKPARTMEXT. Typesetting in this House is performed in three different departments, the largest of which is the Book and Job Printing Department. For conven- ience of management this includes the book and job composing-rooms, the proof readers' room, the plate room, the joaper stockroom, and the press room. Its principal rooms occupy the entire 166 THE DEPARTMENTS. second floor in the rear of tlie Main Street build- ing, with three rooms additional in other parts of the building. The main rooms face one hun- dred and ten feet on Fourth Street, and extend northward from the street fifty-two, eighty, and ninety-nine and one-half feet, as may be seen in the floor diagrams at the end of the volume. This department is now the largest of those devoted to manufacturing, and in volume of busi- ness ranks second to the book de])artment. Begin- ning years ago with only a few stands of tyj^e and quite limited capacity, it has expanded into a first-class plant, which would make a very desirable business in itself, its assets on the 1st of April, 1892, being $41,590.42, and its receipts for the year ending April 1, 1892, amounting to $20,101.95 for job work only. Tlie department office is situated in the south end of Room 19, on the second floor, facing Fourth Street. It is the x^rincipal office of the manufac- turing departments, estimates being given here for all classes of work. It is supplied with telephone (No. 334) and speaking-tubes, and the hand and steam elevators are readily accessible. The following persons were at some time in charge of this department from its organization in 1865 to 1881: Joshua H. Horton, E. Schenck, Daniel J. Ross, J. William Johnson, Daniel Rouzer, William H. Rouzer, and William A. LOOK AND Jor. PllIXTlNG. 1G9 Marietta. Since 1881 William L. Bloclier, avIio has been with the House since 1873, has been the foreman of this branch of the business. The book and job composing-rooms occupy- about one-half of the iloor si^ace of this depart- ment. They are supplied with the latest forms PROOF EEADEKS' ROOM. of type and type-furniture, and in quantity and variety of type surpass all others in this portion of the State. Here the types are set for all book and job work, and for several of the periodicals, viz., the Quavtcrlij Ecrieir, Our Bible. TcacJicr, the Sunday-school quarterlies. Lessons for ilie Lilfle Ones, and IFomans Evcuujel. 170 THE DEPARTMENTS. The proof readers' room is situated on the third floor (Eoom 2-4), adjoining the offices of the Relig- ions Telescope. Here, at present, two readers are employed upon the work of this department alone. I'Al'Kl: S 1 < ll'KUc For many years i)receding 1881, S. J. Higler, the foreman of the Beligious Telescope composing- room, read the proofs of all books issued by the House, and the editor of Sunday-school literature his periodicals, while the proof reading of miscel- laneous matter was done by printers. From 1881 to 1886 W. A. Shuey, A. M., a graduate of Otter- bein University, read the book proofs, and in 1886 became general proof reader. Since 1887 / JIOOK AM) JOB J'JiiyriXG. 173 the followiiii^ i^ersons have also served as proof readers: Wiiitou J. Baltzell, A. M., a graduate of Lebanon Valley College; Miss Maud Etta "Wolfe, M. A., a graduate of Otterbein University; Miss Elizabeth Belle Kej^hart, a graduate of "VVestfield College; Miss Jessie M. Jordan; and Nolan R. Best, A. B., a graduate of Ot- terbein Univer- sity. The book and job i^aper stock- room adjoins the book and job composing- rooms on the west (Boom No, 17). The plate room occupies i h e basement beneath the publisher's of- fice. Here are stored the electrotype and stereo- type plates of many valuable books, all carefully packed in boxes and systematically arranged, so that the plates belonging to any book may be found in a few moments. The press room is described on i^age 200. PLATE ROOM. 174 THE DEPA R TMENTS. Composition, in printing, is the collecting, arranging, or " setting,*' of movable types in forms suitable for conveying the desired impression to paper. A tyije is a small bar of metal or wood carrying the form of a letter or other character in relief upon one end. It is commonly of metal, .92 of an inch in length, with width and thickness varying with the size of letter. Each type bears a nick on the side corresponding with the bottom of the letter, which serves to inform the touch when the type is properly set in its line. The types are accurately cast, so as to fit together per- fectly. There are a number of sizes of type, while the TYPE, styles are too numerous to mention. The usual sizes are the following, each being set in its own character: Pica, often used in standard works. Small Pica, used in quarterlies, books, etc. Long Primer, used in ordinary book work. Bourgeois, generally used in monthly magazines. Brevier, used for notes, etc. Minion, commonly used in newspapers. Nonpareil, also used in newspapers. Agate, much used iu advertising. Pearl, used for notes. Diamond, used for miniature volumes. The "case" is a shallow box, about thirty inches long by fifteen inches wide, divided into numerous compartments, each holding a supply of a. particular letter or character. For ordinary work, two cases are used, containing " Roman " type. They are placed in an inclined position on a frame called a " stand," or " cabinet," which is breast-high, the case next the compositor being _._,_.._.^,__«^j ,1|: CASES AND CABINET. BOOK AND JOB PRINTING. 175 called the "lower" case. The lower contains all the small letters of the alphabet (which are therefore called "lower- case" letters), the punctuation marks, figures, spaces, and quadrats; while the upper contains the capitals, small cap- itals, reference marks, braces, accents, etc. If "Italics" are to be used, these must be taken from a separate case. The compositor stands before his case, places his "copy " before him, picks the types from the cases without looking at their faces, and places them one by one in a "composing- stick," or small metal frame adjustable to the exact width of the pro- posed column. When the line is about full, he fills out the space properly by readjusting the " spaces " co.mposing-stick. which are used between the words, and "justifies" the line to make it conform exactly to the width of the column. The "rule" which is placed before the line until it is finislied, is then moved forward. Thus line after line is set. When his "stick" is full, the "mat- ter " is transferred to a " galley " — a larger metal frame or tray for holding type in long columns. In the com- jKjsing-stick the matter is either set "solid" (with no sjiace between the bodies of the lines), or it is "leaded" by placing " leads," which are thin strips of metal of greater or less thickness, between the lines, making the matter close or open, as desired. A " proof " is now taken upon a ])roof press, with wide margins for marking corrections, and sent, together GALLEYS AND HACK. ^.,^j^ ^j^^ ^^^^^^, ^ ^^^ ^j^^ ^^^.^^^f reader, the nature of whose work is described below. When the 1 i'-*^"^ 176 THE DEPARTMENTS. PROOF PRESS. proof is returned, with corrections marked in the margin, the compositor must go over the matter, carefully making all the corrections marked, which often requires from one-half r to two-thirds as much time as I the original composition. Then o^ >,^.« two copies of a second proof must be taken, one of which is sent, together with the first proof, to the reader, while the other is sent to the author or editor. This is called the "re- vise." Again corrections must be made, after which the matter j^ must be " made up " into pages . of required length, with proper chapter titles, page headings, page and" signature " numbers, etc., when a third proof is taken and sent to the reader, with the second proof for comparison. Sometimes a fourth and a fifth proof must be prepared before the matter is satis- factory. When finally the matter has beeu approved by the reader as correct, it is placed in page form upon an " imposing -stone," which is generally a polished marble slab set in the top of a table, and is now made up into a "form" by " locking " securely, with metal wedges, in a rectangular metal frame called a "chase." This re- qviires great care in order to place the pages in proper position to preserve their regular succession after they are printed, to secure the proper margins, and to pre- form. vent the types from falling out and thus spoiling the whole work. "When thus locked in the chase, the matter can be carried about and removed to the BOOK AXn JOi; J'RINTING. 177 printing-room, where it is i)laued upon the printing machine, or "press." If intended for electrotyijing or stereotyping, it is locked in smaller chases without reference to exact posi- tion of the pages, and sent to the foundry. When made up for printing, a form may consist of one, two, four, eiglit, sixteen, thirty-two pages, etc. Every sheet of paper, as printed for use in a book, is marked at the bottom of the first page with a character, generally a number, whicli in- dicates its place in the book. It is called the "signature." Distribution is the reverse of composition, the compositor taking the matter in one hand and with the other replacing the types in the small compartments of the cases from which they were first taken. Matter which has not been used, or is to be used again, or is to be sent to the foundry to be electrotyped or stereotyped, is called "live." When ready for distribution, it is called "dead." The many different sizes and styles of type used in vari- ous kinds of work require a large number of cases, which are stored in numerous cabinets, with all of which a good compositor should be familiar. While a large part of his work is mechanical, something more than mechanical skill is required for tasteful comijosition, and to make the best possible combination of the materials at hand is not the least part of the compositor's task. Typesetting machines of various patterns have recently been introduced, a few of which are proving successful and are employed in a number of offices. Of the leading ma- chines, one sets the type in ordinary form, another sets the matrices from which type bars of single lines are cast automatically, a third casts single types in the order in which they are to be printed, while a fourth stamps the char- acters upon cold metal by the use of steel dies. The key- boards by means of whicli tliese machines are operated are similar to those of the ordinary typewriter. Vast sums of money have been expended in perfecting these inventions, and it is probable that within the next few years they will be extensively used. 12 178 THE DEPARTMENTS. In connection with the subject of typesetting, a few direc- tions to writers are appropriate. 1. Write plainly with black ink upon good white i:)aper. 2. Write on one side of the sheet only. 3. Number the sheets consecutively. 4. Attend carefully to paragraphing, spelling, punctua- tion, and capitals. While the compositor and proof reader may alter some of these to correspond with the rules of the office, it greatly assists the compositor in his work. 5. If extensive alterations must be made in the manu- script, the portions to be altered should not be interlined, but should be entirely rewritten. 6. Abbreviations should be used only when it is intended that they shall ai)pear in print. Other instructions might be given, but these are the most important. Those who write often for the press should Xjrovide themselves with one of the several valuable manuals which have been written ujjon this subject. Proof reading, to which reference has been made above, is, in its simjilest form, the inspection of proof sheets with the object of removing typographical errors and of making the printed matter correspond with the author's manuscript. As no manuscript is perfect, proof reading usually requires also the correction of orthography, punctuation, and capitals, in accordance with some adopted standard. As a matter of fact, many proofs require proof editing, which is more critical in its nature, extending its examination to the gen- eral rhetorical character of the author's expression, and even to the author's statements when manifestly incorrect. Such editing, however, is sometimes performed ujion the manuscript, in order to save the expense of extensive change in the types, and no ordinary proof reader can be held responsible for it unless by si)ecial agreement. "So long as authors the most accomplished are liable to err, so long as compositors the most careful make occasional mistakes, so long as dictionaries authorize various spellings, just so long must there be individuals trained and train- BOOK AND JOB PRINTING. 179 ing to detect errors, to rectify mistakes, and to decide upon and settle all points which lexicographers leave in doubt. Such individuals are known as proof readers." ^ A proof reader is also called a "corrector of the press." "Nearly all manuscript copy is indebted to the compositor and proof reader for the proper punctuation; and many errors in spelling, made by men who probably know better, but -write hastily, are silently corrected in the printing office. Contradictions, errors of fact, anachronisms, imper- fect sentences, solecisms, barbarisms, are modestly pointed out to the author by the proof reader's quaere, or by a carefully worded suggestion; and, most usually, the proof is returned without comment, — and none is needed, — corrected according to the proof reader's intimations." - "A thorough proof reader, in addition to a general and practical acquaintance with typography, should understand clearly the grammar and idiomatic structure of his mother- tongue, and have, as it were, an encyclopedic knowledge of the names, times, and productions of its writers, as well as an entire familiarity with the Bible especially, and with Shakespeare. He should be, in fact, a living orthographical, biographical, bibliographical, geographical, historical, and scientific dictionary, with some smattering of Hebrew, Greek, Latin, French, Spanish, Italian, and German. Yet all these accomplishments are valueless unless he also possess a keen and quick eye, that, like a hound, can detect an error almost by scent. There are eyes of this sort, that with a cursory glance will catch a solitary error in a page. The world is little aware how greatly many authors are indebted to a competent proof reader for not only reforming their spelling and punctuation, but for valuable suggestions in re- gard to style, language, and grammar,— thus rectifying faults which would have rendered their works fair game for the critic. "Although no corrector of the press can strictly be re- quired to do otherwise than to follow his copy, — that is, ' " Pens aud Types," by Benjamin Drew, new edition, p. 33. *Ibid., p. 36. 180 THE DEPARTMENTS. faithfully to adhere to the original, with all its defects, — yet every one must perceive that he iierforms a friendly and perhaps a charitable service, by pointing out, in proper time, imperfections and mistakes which have escaped the obser- vation of a quick and voluminous writer. With the spirit, the opinions, the whims of an author, no corrector of the press has any business to interfere. In reprints of old and stand- ard works, no license of alteration ought to be granted to either correctors or editors." ^ When the first proof is sent to the reader, it is first read "by copy," — that is, the reader scans the proof while an assistant called a "copy holder" holds and reads aloud from the manuscript. By this process variations and omissions from the original are discovered and corrected. The reader then gives the proof a careful examination, noting the spell- ing, punctuation, capitals, forms of letters, defective letters, leads, spaces, etc., not overlooking any other points which may be discovered by his critical eye and mind. The correc- tions are marked in the margin, abbreviations and characters being used, which are shown in the specimen on the fol- lowing pages. When these corrections have been made by the compositor, the second proof must be compared with the first to see that the corrections have been properly made and that in making them no other errors have been introduced, and then another careful reading must be given it — perhaps more. The third proof, when ready, must be examined in the same way, and sometimes a fourth and fifth if necessary. A copy of the second, or it may be the third, proof is sent to the author or editor, and if anything is to be referred to him, it should be done then. When the page proofs are ready, which are the third, or perhaps the second or fourth, the numbering of the pages must be examined, the chapter and page headings scrutinized, and, in short, every possible effort must be made to secure a perfect proof. Sometimes, to insure greater accuracy, the proofs are submitted to two or more proof readers, each one of whom may discover some- * "The American Printer," by Tliomas MacKellar, Ph. D., pp. 201, 202. BOOK AND JOB PRINTING. 181 thing -which the others may fail to see; or, to one of whom the strictly typographical work maybe submitted, to another the spelling, i)unctuation, and capitals, wliile to another or others may be entrusted the higher critical examination. If matter is electrotyped or stereotyped, proofs of the plates must be taken, and a final opportunity is given for securing the correction of any error which at last may have been overlooked. A careful proof reader keeps his proofs on tile in sys- tematic order, for ready reference when necessary. Some- times errors creep into the type after tlie form is placed upon the press, from mechanical causes over which the reader has no control. In such cases, his only defense may be a reference to his proofs. > The position of proof reader is a responsible one, especially in the preparation for the press of valuable books, and of periodical literature of a high grade. Yet authors and editors cannot justly censure him for failing to perform the work which properly belongs to them. It is true that he will often discover errors and defects in manuscript which ought to be corrected; yet if he presumes to encroach upon the province of the author or editor without special per- mission, he is almost as likely to incur displeasure in some particulars as to win approval in others. If it is desired that the proof reader should do work belonging to the author or editor, an agreement to that effect should be made a part of the contract. If much time is needed for such editing, special compensation may be re- quired by the printer. It is important that those who write for publication should have some acquaintance with the subject of proof reading, that they may intelligently examine the author's proofs which are sent to them, and understand the limits of the responsibility of the printer and publisher. The rules by which proof reading should be governed are too nu- merous to be given in this volume. Manuals upon the subject may be obtained by application to the book dei^artment. 182 THE DEPARTMENTS. '^ / Though sever«^l difiering opinions exist as to /the individual by wWbm the art of printing was ^ first discovered; yet all authorities concur in admitting Peter SchoefFer to be the person ^ ^a/id, who invented cast metal types, having learned * U the art -ef of cutting the letters from the Gu- '-•} tenbergs/ he is also supposed to have been *>^ the first whoengraved on copper plates. The'/-/ A ^ . 8 following testimony is preseved in the family, ^/ ' / by 'Oo- ^ Fred. l^Faustus, ^oi f/Ascheffenburg : io[— 1 ^ ' Peter Schoeffer, of Gernsheim, perceiving ^^^^^^ "\V his master Fausts design, and being himself V A 'y, rdesirous^ ardently! to improve the art, found out (by the good providence of God) the ^ method of cutting { incide?idi ) the characters ^'^'^• in a matrix, that the letters might easily be 5^/ singly cast! instead of bieng cut. He pri- 'V^. m| vately cut matrices\_ior the whole alphabet: 13 Faust was so pleased with the contrivam --^at he promised ^eter to give him h>8 ue ^/loziiec/ /ltd 7na4^ei ^/le /e^^e'U caj^ /io??i ^ueje 7/ici^Ucedj BOOK AXD JOB FEINTING. 183 Though several differing opinions exist as to the individual by whom the art of printing was first discovered; yet all authorities concur in admitting PETER SCHOEFFER to be the person who invented casi vietal types, having learned the art of cutting the letters from the Gutenbergs : he is also supposed to have been the first who engraved on copper-plates. The following testimony is preserved in the family, by Jo. Fred. Faustus, of Ascheffenburg : 'Peter Schoeffer, of Gernsheim, perceiv- ing his master Faust's design, and being him- self ardently desirous to improve the art, found out (by the good providence of God) the method of cutting {incidendi] the characters in a matrix, that the letters might easily be singly cast, instead of being cut. He privately cut matrices for the whole alphabet: and when he showed his master the letters cast from these matrices, Faust was so pleased with the con- trivance, that he promised Peter to give him his only daughter Christina in marriage, a promise wliich he soon after performed. But there were as many difficulties at first with these letters, as there had been before with wooden ones, the metal being too soft to sup- port the force of the impression : but this defect was soon remedied, by mixing tlie metal with a substance which sufficiently hardened it.' 184 THE DEPARTMENTS. EXPLA]SrATION OP THE CORRECTIONS.^ A wrong letter in a word is noted by drawing a short per- pendicular line through it, and making another short line in the margin, behind which the right letter is placed. (See No. 1.) So with whole words also, a line being drawn across the wrong word and the right one written in the margin opposite. A turned letter is noted by drawing a line through it, and writing the mark No. 2 in the margin. If letters or words require to be altered to make them more conspicuous, a parallel line or lines must be made underneath the word or letter, — viz., for capitals, three lines; small capitals, two lines; and Italic, one line; and, in the margin opposite the line where the alteration occurs, Caps, Small Caps, or Ital. must be written. (See No. 3.) When letters or words are set double, or are required to be taken out, a line is drawn through the superfluous word or letter, and the mark No. 4 placed opposite in the margin. Where the punctuation requires alteration, the correct point should be written in the margin. ( See No. 5.) When a si^ace has been omitted between two words, a caret must be made where the sei^aration ought to be, and the sign No. 6 placed opposite in the margin. When a word should form a compound with another, it is denoted as in No. 7. When a letter has been omitted, a caret is put at the place of omission, and the letter marked as No. 8. Where a line is too widely spaced, the mark No. 9 must be placed between the words and also in the margin. Where a new paragraph is required, a quadrangle is drawn in the margin, and a caret placed at the beginning of the sentence. (See No. 10.) No. 11 shows the way in which the apostrophe, inverted » Pages 182-185 are taken from " The American Printer," by Thomas MacKellar, Ph. D., by permission of the publishers. BOOK AM) JOB rJilXTIXa. 185 commas, the star and other references, and suiierior letters and tiyures, are marked. Wliere two words are transposed, a hne is drawn over one word and below the other, and the mark No. 12 jjlaced in the margin; but where several words require to be transposed, their right order is signified by a figure placed over each word, and the mark No. 12 in the margin. Where words have been struck out that have afterward been approved of, dots should be marked under them, and Stct written in the margin. ( See No. 13.) Where a space sticks up between two words, a horizontal line is drawn under it, and the mark No. 14 placed opposite, in the margin. Where several words have been left ovit, they are trans- scribed at the bottom of the page, and a line drawn from the place of omission to the written words ( see No. 15); but if the omitted matter is too extensive to be copied at the foot of tlie page. Out, see copy, is written in the margin, and the missing lines are enclosed between brackets, and the word Out is inserted in the margin of the copy. Where letters stand crooked, they are noted by a line (see No. IG); but, where a page hangs, lines are drawn across the entire part affected. When a smaller or larger letter, of a different font, is improperly introduced into the page, it is noted by the mark No. 17, which signifies wrong font. If a ijaragraph is improperly made, a line is drawn from the broken-off matter to the next paragrajjh, and No *, writ- ten in the nuirgin. ( See No. 18.) Where a word has been left out or is to be added, a caret must be nuide in the place where it should come in, and the word written in the margin. (See No. 19.) Where a faulty letter appears, it is denoted by making a cross under it, and placing a similar mark in the margin (see No. 20); though some prefer to draw a i)erpendicular line through it, as in the case of a wrong letter. Where a word has been accidentally sei>arated by a space, it is marked as in No. 21. 186 THE DEPAllTMENTS. RELIGIOUS TELESCOPE COMPOSING-ROOM. On the fourtli floor of the third building, facing Fourth Street, is the Religious Telescope Com- posing-Eoom. It is usually called the News Room. It occupies a floor space thirty by fifty feet, and is supplied with a first-class outfit of type for three religious periodicals. Here the composition is per- formed for the Religious Telescope, the Children's Friend, and the Missionary Visitor; the first being stereotyped, and the other two electrotyped, before printing. The department is connected with the Telescope editorial rooms, with the publisher's ofiice, and with the foundry by speaking-tubes, and with the foundry and the press room l)y the steam elevators. The names of the foremen during the earlier years of the House are not now known. Within the few years preceding 1854, Niles, K. Dresbach, AV. M. Cain, and Barnhard Maeder successively occupied the position. In September, 1854, Writer became foreman, serving nearly a year. From 1855 till his death, in September, 1890, Stephen J. Rigler was in charge of this room — a period of thirty-five years. For the first ten years of this time he had control also of the book and job j^rinting, and for sixteen years of the German composition. AVhen Mr. Sliuey became publisher, he separated the book and job printing GERMAN COMPOSING-ROOM. (HI l( I 111 TELKSeUl'l: COJlrUSJNU-KOOM. 1 II I'lCE OF (jEKMAN fUMPOSING-KOOM. GEIUfAX COMPOSIXC-nOOM. ISO from the Telescope composing department, limiting tlie latter to exclusive work on the above period- icals. In 1871 the German composing department was separately established. During Mr. Rigler's absence in the army, from 1861: to 18G5, Joshua H. Horton was temporarily at the head of the department. Granville Hixson, for eighteen years a compositor in this office, is now foreman. The foreman of this department serves also as the proof reader for the periodicals under his charge, the editors giving them the final revision. GEllMAX COMrOSIXG-KOOM. All German work is ])ut in type in the German Composing-Eoom, which is situated immediately in the rear of the IleJujioiis TeJe)l).\l oKHl h. When it is remembered that thousands of sub- scribers must be served promptly, that a dozen or more different kinds of periodicals must be de- livered to the post office regularly, and that more than six tons of periodical mail is sometimes sent out in a single week, some conception may be formed of the care and accuracy with which this THE MAILING-ROOM. 225 department must be administered. It is, indeed, a kind of post office, to wliicli s*n- HIC 5ooK ^3HIPPI^(^ .f^oonv 6 (SUIT- Plan Op PvBLDHiriCi ItoV^C, Jd)AYTor[ , Ohio. n*— (o) — &■ 10 30 X> I-' I.I.I Occfc oP I^ch (aTO) 40Tf.on P1aii>i dTOtrrx. J^IOMT "WfU.. ISrio.-»r Q.CV , Vi I 'J .I3ooKCorTPo:)|-ri6 — -- Roo?t. "1 ^ I >=JoE> • ' P.oon. Van Or Ja)AYTC)n. Oj-iK). ■:|:- ^cconp [look.-:;- lui (341) rvz.'°*''-J •^ h r-ioo^ Tci> 40 n- Ol-t /*\ai|>i c>Tncc-n. PlAti Or VniTtp Je)RtTMRCn Pv5U5HinciMov^t:, Baytopi, Ohio. :o ^ccifr oP Fee (343) AL) IT: (111 AiMi-i cnRrnT. Plai^ Or VniTrp 'Srcthrd PvRLivSHinq Hovc>c, .QAvtoh, Ohio. Recife of feeT ^QTron r\Ain STnccT O^i fr PlAh Or VniTED ©RrTHREri PvoLDHinc^ Hovx JoiAYTon, Ohio, O 10 20 JO LuiJ I I 1 L Occuc oP Iccl (»47) 27 /Hap of tl^e Qty OF UNITED BRETHREN PUBLISHING HOUSE. Hourt House. City Hall. Post Office. UnioD Passenger Station. Public Library. Young Men's Chri>:tian Association. Woman's Christian Association and Young Women's Ciiristian Association Central Hish School— Old Building. Central High School— New Building. Soldiers' Monument. Deaconess Hospital. Children's Homo. St. Elizabeth Hospital. Widows' Home. .,,„ . t 350) CEJ 13. First United Bretl 14. First Lutheran Ch 15. United Presbvterii 16. Grace Methodist H 17. Church of the Sac 18. Third Street Presi 19. First Reformed 01 20. First Presbvterian 21. Christ Church, Pr 22. First Baptist Chui 23. New Synagogue. 24. Park Presbyterian ■ L CaURCUES. Church. lurch. jpal Church. Seart. Roman Catholic. iao Church. irch. ant Episcopal, U.NITED BRETHREN CHURCHES 1.1. First Church. •ia. Summit Street Church. 27. Home Avenue Missiou. 29. Hartford Street Church. 30. Miami Chapel. 32. Stewart Street Mission. S3. 0:ilt Street Church. 34. Oiicrliein Rurman Church. S5. Hinh Street Church. 37. North DartoD Oeruian Church 38. North Main Street Church. 26. Dnion Biblical Seminary. INDEX INDEX. Inclvding the names of authors embraced in the Histor- ical Catalogue of Publications. Accounts, soo Finances. worthless, 26, 2S, 51, 109, 821. Adams, John Quincy, 70, 30"). Advertising, 55, 121, 147. excluded, 121. total receipts from, 32:i. Agents, Publishing, 301. Albertype process, 199. Altman, Nehemiah, iniblishing agent, 18, 20,301. German editor, 21, 122, 3(>2. biograpliy, 242. Ambrose, M. 11., 83, 30(5. Antecedent History, 1. Periodicals, 3, Books, 5. Antrim, Jacob, 6, 7. Appendix, :537. Applegate, James, trustee, 47, 48, 5S, 65, 300. biography, 242. Arcade, 144, 229, 230. Articles of Incorporation, first, 327. second, 328. Authors, see Historical Catalogue of Publications, 303. directions for writing, 178. indebtedness of, to proof read- ers, 178, 179. Points for, 314. Backing, in bookbinding, 218. Baldwin, J. G., trustee, 75, 300. biography, 243. Baltimore, German paper lished in, 21, 122. pub- Baltzell, Isaiah, music author, 69, 75, 84, 93, 103, 315, 316, 317, 318. music committee, 68, 315. biography, 243. Baltzell, W. J., 171, 317, 318. Baptism, The Doctrine of Christian, 307. Bash, Mrs. I. S., 70, 305. Beard, Frank, 133. Bellmonto, Clyde, 305. Benevolent contributions, 54, 105, 109. Berger, Daniel, editor of Beligious Telescojie, 49, 58, 64, 118, 301. editor of Sunday-school liter- ature, 64, 65, 68, 72, 75, 85, 96, 108, 127, 130, 131, 133, 134, 301. book editor, 70, 160. author, 311. music committee, 68, 315. biography, 244. Bernard, David, 46, 304, 309. Bever, Joseph, 46, 315. Bible-Lesson Quarterly, Our, see Our Bible-Lesson Quarterly. Bible Teacher, Our, see Our BibU Teacher. Bibles, family, 84. teachers', 103. Bindery, see Binding Department. Binding, book, nature of, 210. Binding Department, at Circloville 24. at Dayton, 39, 78, 99, 208. description, 208. otlice, 208. foremen, 209. 355 356 INDEX. Biographical, 241. Blackall, C. R., 318. Boiler room, 89, 228, 229. Book agencies, 24. Book composing-room, 165, 169. Book Department, at Cyircleville, 24. at Dayton, 39, 44, 56, 63, 73, 77, 90, 91, 103, 151. location, 39, 44, 56. improvements, 56, 63, 73, 77, 90, 91, 92, 100, 159. description, 151. store, 151. office, 152. readers' corner, 155. receiving-room, 155. shipping-room, 73, 90, 156. stockrooms, 156. subscription- book subdepart- ment, 84, 157. finances, 158 ; see also Finances of the House. superintendents, 158. book publication, 160. book editors, 160. character of book publications, 160. catalogue of publications, 303. Book editors, 160. Book and Job Printing Depart- ment, at Circleville, 24. at Dayton, 60, 63, 78, 165. description, 165. finances, 166. office, 166. foremen, 166. composing-rooms, 169. proof readers' room, 170. proof readers, 170. stockroom, 173. plate room, 173. press room, 200. once a part of the News Depart- ment, 186. German book and job printing, 189. Book publications, see Books. Bookkeeping, 57, 14$. Books, miscellaneous, catalogue of, 303. pamphlets, 309. music, 69, 314. special services, 317. German, 318. records, 319. subscription, 84, 85, 93, 103, 157. published, 1,800-34, 5. published at Circleville, 1834-53, 21. published at Dayton, 1853-57, 41. 1857-61, 45. 1861-65, 50. 1865-69, 58. 1869-73, 65. 1873-77, 68-70. 1877-81, 75. 1881-85, 83. 1885-89, 92-94. 1889-92, 101-103. number published since the founding, 109, 160, 303. character of books published, 160. processes of manufacture, 164, et seq. Bookstore, see Book Department. Bookwalter, Lewis, member of ex ecutive committee, 108. author, 310. biography, 245. Booth, B. F., trustee, 96, 300. editor of Missionary Visitor, 96, 108, 129, 302. missionary secretary, 232. biography, 246. Branch houses, not needed. 95, Brane, C. I. B., trustee, 108, 300 biography, 247. Briggs, Chester, 41, 303. Bright, J. C, trustee, 31, 42, 300. editor of Missionary Telescope, 47, 128. 302. biography, 247. Browne, S. J., 7. INDEX. 357 Biiilding Directory, 337. Buildings, at Circlcville, 25, 29. purchased at Dayton, 38. first buildiiif? erected, 38. how occupied, 39. value of, 3i), 41. temporary building, 56. second buildint; erected, 60. how occupied, 63. value of, 63. fourth story added, 78. third building leased and pur- chased, 78. how occupied, 78. value of, 78. fourth story added, 99. fourth building erected, 89. how occupied, 89. value of, 89. improvements, 73, 77, 78, 90, 99. description, 91, 144. directory, 337, floor diagrams, 339. Bussdickei, M., 84, 319. Capital of the House, 322, 323. increase in, 72, 105, 108, 109, 323. Cash system, 20, 43, 44, et seq. Catalogue of Publications, Histor- ical, .303. Chapman, E. S., 309. Child i-f It's Friend, established, 40. history and description, 126. editors, 126, 301. circulation, 127. size and price, 127. referred to, 43, 44, 49, 50, 55, 58, 65, 74. Chittenden, L. S., trustee, 31, 42, :i00. compiler of liymn book, 45, 314. biograpliy, 248. Christian Baptism, The Doctrine of, 92, 307. Christian Doctrine, 93, 307. Christian Repository, 43, 125 ; see also Unity M Drury, M. R., assistant editor of Religious Telescope, 85,96, 118, 301. associate editor, 108, 118, 301. author and compiler, 83, 92, 93, 102, 306, 307, 311, 320. book editor, 160. biography, 255. Dryden, Minta I., 322. Drying and pressing, 207, 213. Eastern United Brethren Book and Publishing House, 95. Editorial Departments, 23, 39, 89, 161, et seq. Religious Telescope, 23, 39, 89, 161. Quarterly Review, 161, 162. Sunday-school, 161, 162. German, 39, 161, 163. INDEX. 359 Missionary, 1(51, 1(53. Woman'' s Evangel, 161, 163, Unity Magazine, 39. Editors, Religious Telescope, 116, et seq., 301. Sunday-school, 126, et seq. ,301. Quarterly Revietv, 136, 137, 302. German, 122, 123, 302. Missionary, 128, 129, 302. Woman's Evangel, 135, 302. Unity Magazine, 125, 302. book, 160. Edwards, David, editor of /?e//(/(o!«s Telescope, IS, 20, 117, 301. editor of Unity Magazine, 40, 125, 302. editor of Children's Friend, 40, 126, 301. trustee, 47, 300. author, 22, 41, 65, 303, :?09. Life of, 83, 306. bio^rapliy, 256. Eightli Quadreuuium, 1861-65, 48; Civil War, 4>i ; adverse finan- cial conditions, 48 ; trustees, 48 ; agents and editors, 49 ; sal- aries, 49 ; size of j)eriodicals reduced, 49; price of period- icals advanced, 50 ; finances, 50. Electric, light introduced, 99. time bells, 144, 231. time detector, 147. Electrotype foundry, see Electro- typing and Stereotyping De- partment. Electrotyping, nature of, 195. Electrotyping and Stereotyping Department, 78, 99, 190. description, 190. office, 192. foremen, 192. molding-room, 192. foundry, 39, 64, 192. finisliing-rooin, 39, 192. Elevators, steam, 144, 147. hand, 141. Eleventh Quadrennium, 1873-77,67 ; panic of 1873, 67; additional equipment, 67 ; expansion of business, 67 ; Our Little Chics established, 68; "Hymns for the Sanctuary" published, 68 ; publication of Sunday- school music books begun, 69 ; German hymn book revised, 69; Sunday-school library books published, 69, 70 ; other books issued, 70 ; finances, 71, 72 ; postage increased, 71 ; comparison of finances with 1865, 72 ; reduction in debt, 72 ; editors and trustees, 72 ; pub- lisher, 73. Embossing, 220. Employees, number in 1845 and 1853, 23. 1856-57, 42. 1861, 47. 1892, 107. Engine room, 89, 228, 230. Engraving, 197. Erb, Jacob, German editor, 21, 122, 302. compiler of hymn book, 7, 8, 22, 314, 318. biography, 257. Establishment, tlie, founding of, 15. objectof, 15, 20. organization of, present, 109, 110. Etter, J. W., eloyed, 107 ; trustees, 107, 108 ; publisher and editors, 108. Finances, at ("ircleville, 25. at Dayton, 41, 47, 50, 51, 59, 66, 71, 75, 76, 77, 81, 86, 91, 95, 104, 105. management of, at C'ircleviUe, 17, 18, et seq. at Dayton, 109, 110. summary of, 322. Publisher's Annual Report, 1891- 92,324. Financial Summary, 322. Fletcher, John, 41, 303. Flickinger, D. K., editor of Missioii- ary Telescope and Visitor, 47, 56, 64, 72, 85, 128, 129, 302. missionary secretary, 56, 128. trustee, 58, 66, 72, 75, 300. author, 41, 46, 70, 75, 92, 102, 304, 305, 306, 308. biography, 259. Flood of 1866, 59. Floor space, 91, 165. Folding, of books and papers, 21(1. machines, introduced, 73. briefly described, 210. in mailing-room, 225. For the Little Ones, see Lessoiwi fur the Little Ones. Foremen, Book and Job Printing Department, 166. Religious Telescope Composing Department, 186. German Composing Depart- ment, 189. Electrotyping and Stereotyping Department, 192. Press Department, 204. Bindery, 209. Mailing Department, 225. Power and Heat Department, 231. Foster, R. S.,311. Ft)unding, the, 15. Foundry, electrotype, see Electro- typing and Stereotyping De- partment. stereotype, 39, 64, 99, 190. Fourteenth Quadrennium, 1885-89, 86 ; a prosperous term, 86 ; finances, 86 ; improvements, 86 ; fourth building erected, 89 ; its occupation, 89 ; new presses purchased, 90 ; en- largement of Book Depart- ment and Publisher's Office, 90 ; expense of improvements, 91 ; outline of buildings, 91 ; advancement of Book Depart- ment, 91, 92 ; new books, 92 ; total number of copies of books printed, 94 ; circulation of jjeriodicals, 94 ; reduction in price of periodic;ils, 94 ; finances, 95, 96; editors, trus- tees, and publisher, 96. Fritz, B. F., 319. Fritz, G., trustee, 75, 85, 96, 300. compiler of German hymn book, 69, 319. biography, 260. Froehliche Botschafter, established, 21, 122. history, 122. editors, 122, e< seg., 302. form and size, 123, 124. J.VBJJX. 361 price, 124. circulation, 124. fiiiancos, 124. referred to, 40, 44, 49, 50, 55, 5S, W, 74. Fry, Benjamin St. J., :i06. Funkhouser, (i. A., associate editor of Quarterly Review, 101, lOS, 137, :502. aiitlior, 311. biography, 260. Gabriel, C. H., 318. Garst, Jacob, 4. Gehhart, Mrs. G. P., »)S. Geeting, G. .\., 6. General Conference, 3, 5, 6, and fre- quently thereafter. authority exercised in establish- ing the Publishing House, 15. Proceedings, 308. General Officers of the House, 2(t9- \m. German Department, book and job work, hsp. book puV)lications, 31S. composing-room, 86, 99, 189. separated from Religious Telescope Composing De- partment, 189, 190. editorial office, 163. editors, 21, 40, 44, 49, 55, 64, 72, 85, 96, 108, 122, 302. finances, see Finances of the House, losses, 72, 82, 95, 105, 106, 324. periodicals, 20, 21, 122, 137, 138, 321. list of, .321. Geschaeftitje Martha, established, 21. history, 122. editors, 21, 122. (iibbon, Edward, :«I4. (iilding, 218. Glossbrenuer, J. ,T.. Life of, 93, 307. Graham, S. .7., 75, 315. raley, .\. A., 315. reat Invasion of 1S63, The, 93, ,307. reen, Samuel, 70, ;«)5. rimes, E. R., 306. round, at Circleville, 16, 25, 29. at Dayton, purchased, 38, 78, 81. valuation of, 41, 59, 81. sold, 44. leased, 81. uizot, F. P. G., 304. Hager, L. L., :»7. Half-tone process, 199. Hanby, William, treasurer and agent, 17, 19, 20, 32, 53, 301. editor of Religious Telescope, VI, 18, 19, 20, 32, 117, 301. trustee, 47, 4S, 300. compiler of hymn books, 22, 45, 314. author, 22, 303. History, quoted, 16, 17. referred to, 22, 46, 303. biography, 261. Hand, Alfred, :»8. Hand press, 206. Handbook, of the United Brethren in Christ, 84, 102, 306. for Workers, 92, 102, 307. Haws, Joel, 70, 305. Haywood, John, 311. Heating, mode of, 144. Heistand, Samuel, trustee, 28, 299. biography, 262. Heliotypy, 199. Helwig, J. B., 70, 305, 309. Herr, Christian, 6. Herr, S. L., member of executive committee, ;?00. biography, 262. HUdt, John, 8. Historical Catalogue of Publica- tions, see Historical Tables. Historical Society, United Breth- ren, 4, 6, S, S9, 233. ]il)rary and museum, 89, 23.3. contents of, 233, et seq. 36i INDEX. Historical Tables, 299. General Officers of the House, 299. trustees, 299. publishing agents, 301. editors, 301. Historical Catalogue of Publi- cations, 1834-1892, 303. miscellaneous books, 303. pamphlets, 309. music, 314. special services, 317. German books, 318. records, 319. periodicals, English, 320. German, 321. Financial Summary, 1834-1892, 322. Publisher's Annual Report, 1891- 92, ,324. Articles of Incorporation, first, 327. second, 328. History, Antecedent, 1. of the House at CircleviUe, 15. of the House at Dayton, 37. of the Periodicals, llo. History, of Auglaize Conference, 308. of Dayton, 308. of Missionary Work from 1853 to 1889, 308. of Ohio, 311. of Scrauton, 308. of Sherbro Mission, West Af- rica, 305. of the Church of the United Brethren in Christ, see United Brethren Church, of Washington, D. C, 308. of Woman's Missionary Asso- ciation, 311. Hoke, Jacob, trustee, 58, 66, 300. author, 65, 83, 92, 93, 304, 306, 307, 310, 311. biography, 265. Homiletics, Treatise on, 83, 306. Hopkins, Louisa P., 305. Hott, G. P., 310, Hott, J. W., editor of Religious Telescope, 74, 85, 96, 118, 301. author, 84, 85, 306. biography, 265. Houk, G. W., 308, 312. House at CircleviUe, The, 1834-53, 15. The Founding — The Religious Telescope, 15. German Paper, 20. Books, 21. Departments, 23. Finances, 25. Buildings, 29. Removal, 30. House at Dayton, The, 1853-92, 37. Sixth Quadrennium, 1853-57, 37 ; see Sixth Quadrennium. Seventh Quadrennium, 1857-61, 43 ; see Seventh Quadrennium. Eighth Quadrennium, 1861-65, 48 ; see Eighth Quadrennium. Ninth Quadrennium, 1865-69, 51 ; see Ninth Quadrennium. Tenth Quadrennium, 1869-73, 60 ; see Tenth Quadrennium. Eleventh Quadrennium, 1873- 77, 67 ; see Eleventh Quadren- nium. Twelfth Quadrennium, 1877-81, 73; see Twelfth Quadren- nium. Thirteenth Quadrennium, 1881- 85, 77 ; see Thirteenth Quad- rennium. Fourteenth Quadrennium, 1885- 89, 86 ; see Fourteenth Quad- rennium. Fifteenth Quadrennium, 1889- 93, 99 ; see Fifteenth Quadren- nium. Brief Summary, 108. Howe, D.N. ,311, 320. Hunt, J. L., 311. Hurst, J. F., 308. IM>KX. 3G3 Hymti books, X'revious to lS:i7, 5, 6. after 1837, 22, 2:5, 24, i't, 6», 69, 101. English, 7, 8, 22, 45, 68, 101, :U5. first, 7. socoud, 7. tliird, 8, :514. fourtli, 1849, 22, 31t. fifth, 1S5S, 45, 58, 314. sixth, " Hymns for the Sanc- tuary," 1874, 68, 101, 315. seventh, " Otterbein Hym- nal," 1889, 101, 316. compilers of, 7, 8, 22, 45, 68, 101, 314, 315. German, 6, 7, 22, 41, 69, 318, 319. first, 6. second, 7. third, 7, 22. fourth, 1853, 41, 318. fifth, 1876, 69, 319. compilers of, 6, 7, 41, 69, :U>., 319. Hymns for the Sanctuary, 6s, Idl, 315. Illustrations, List of, xv. Imholf , A. J.. 305. Improvements, in buildings, 73, 77, 78, 90, 99. iu Book Department, see Book Department, improvements. Incandescent lighting, 99, 141. Incorporation, first, 29. second, 03. articles of, first, 327. second, 328. Increase in capital, 72, 105, 108, 109, 323. Ink-roller composition, facilities for manufacture, 203. Intermediate Quarterly, see Our Intermediate B ible-Lessoa Quarterly. International Sunday-school Les- sons, 64, 130, 131, l:«, 131. Inundation, an, 59. Jackson, \V. T., 83, 306. Jewett, E. H., 309. Job printing, see Book and Job Printing Department. Journeyings in the Old World, 84, 85, 306. Jugend nUjer, established, 61. history, 129. editors, 130. size and price, 130. circulation, 130. Keister, Mrs. L. R., editor of the Woman's Evangel, 83, 96, 108, 135, 233, 302. secretary of Woman's Mission- ary Association, 233. author, 311. biography, 266. Kemp, John, trustee, 48, 300. biography, 267. Kephart, I. L., editor of Religious Telescope, 108, US, HOI. author, 58, 83, 304, 306, 309. biography, 267. King, J. B., assistant agent, 19, 301. biography, 268. Kumler, Henry, Jun., assistant agent, 42, 301. trustee, 31, 42, 48, 300. author, 309. referred to, 30. biograpliy, 269. Kuuder, Henry, Sen., Life of, 41. 319. Kuml(>r, S. E., 68, 102, 315, 316. Kurzenknabe, J. H., 315. Landis, J. P., associate editor of the Quarterly Review, 101, 108, 137, 302. assistant on Sunday-school lit- erature, 134. committee on hymn book, 102, 316. author, 311, 312. biograpliy, 270. 864 INDEX. Lantliurn, W. H., snperinteudent of Book Department, 56, 68, 85, 159. compiler of catalogues, 309. music editor, 68, 69, 315. Family Record prepared by, 320. biography, 271. Lawrance, Marion, 308. Lawrence, Jolm, editor of Reli- gious Telescope, 20, 40, 48, 49, 117, 118, 301. assistant editor, 20, 117, 301. author, 22, 41, 46, 303, 304, 319. History, published, 46. quoted, 4, 15, 19, 284. biography, 271. Lawrence, William, 305. Leist, William, trustee, 28, 299, 300. biographical, 272. Leonard, A. B.,309. Lesson Leaves, established, 64, 130. superseded, 82, 131. Lessons for the Little Ones, estab- lished, 68. history, 132. editor, 133. changes of name, 132. size, 132. price, 133. circulation, 133. Levington, John, 304. Library, Dayton Public, 39, 235. catalogue of, 322. Pioneer, 70, 305. Eelicjioiis Telescope, 162. Suudaj'-school Department, 163. Historical Society, 233. Light, Ezekiel, German editor, 55, 96, 123, 130, 302. biography, 272. Lighting, gas, 144. incandescent, 144. Lithography, 198. Location, at Circleville, 29. at Dayton, 38. advantages of the new, at Day- ton, 37, 334. Lorenz, E., 69, 319. Lorenz, E. S., music author and editor, 68, 69, 75, 84, 93, 101, 103, 315, 316, 317, 318, 319. author and compiler, 92, 307, 310, 311, 317, 318. biography, 27.3. Luttrell, J. L., trustee, 75, 85, 300. author, 308. biography, 274. Lyon, C. H., 102, 316. Mail, received by the House, 147, 148. how disposed of, 148. periodical, sent out, 222. Mailing, machines, 226. process described, 226. accuracy required, 222. room, see Mailing Department. Mailing Department, opening of, 23. location, 39, 64, 99, 225. enlargement, 78, 99. description, 221, et seq. office, 225. foremen, 225. Management, financial, at Circle- ville, 17, 18, et seq. at Dayton, 109, 110. Manufacturing Departments, 164 ; see also Departments. Markwood, Jacob, 18, 301. biography, 277. Marot, Mrs. B., 311. Martin, Z. R., 16. Mast, J. A., 41, 318. Mathews, G. M., 310. McCoy, John, 305. McKee, William, assistant agent, 51,301. editor of Missionary Visitor, 96, 129, 302. trustee, 85, 96, 300. author, 70, 92, 305, 306, 309. missionary treasurer, 232. biography, 274. IXDKX. 365 Metlioilist Ecumenical ("ouncil, 1881. 82, 2tW. 1891, 247, 270, 277, 279. Miami Annual Conference, 4, 7, 37. resolutions of, i. Miller, D. R., trustee, 72, 300. biography, 27M. Miller, Georgo, trustee, 96, 108, 300. biography, 279. Miller, J. P., 311. Miller, L.O., 151,320. Miller, Mrs. L. K., associate editor of Woman's Evangel, 96, 108, 135, 2:H, m-1. author, 278, 311. president of Woman's Mission- ary Association, 233. biography, 278. Mills, J. S., trustee, 108, 300. biography, 279. MiUs, S., trustee, 75, 85, 96, 108, 300. biography, 280. Missionary .\ssociatiou, Woman's, 83, 135. office of, 232. Missionary Society, Home, Fron- tier, and Foreign, 47, 56, 66, 128. offices, 56, 63, 231, Missionary Ti'lescope, 46, 128. Missionary Visitor, established, 55. history, 128. editors, 129, 302. size, 129. price, 129. circulation, 129. referred to, 74, 85, 96, 108. Mittendorf, William, German edi- tor, 64, 72, 85, 108, 123, 1:50, 302. compiler of German hymn books, 09, 84, 319. author and translator, 65, 281, 319. biography, 281. Mountain Measetiger, 3, 4, 16, 115, 116. Muuliall, L. W., 92, .307. Music books, catalogue of, 314. Sunday-school, first publishedi 69. Natural gas, 22'J. Newcomer, Christian, 4, 8. News room, see Religious Telescope Composing Department. Niesz, John, 41,319. Ninth Quadronnium, 1865-69, 51; discouraging financial condi- tion, 51 ; publishing agents, 51 ; Publication Fund, 52 ; re- duction in debt, 52 ; review of the plan, 53 ; improvements, 54, 55 ; profits from advertising, 55 ; Froehliche Botschafter re- moved to the East, 55 ; Mis- sionary Visitor established, 55 ; frame building construct- ed, 56 ; Book Department re- moved to first floor and enlarged, 56 ; bookkeeping improved, 57 ; new books, 58 ; first Yearbook, 5S ; trustees, 58 ; editors, 58 ; an inundation, 59 ; finances, 59. Nysewander, B. F., 75, 315. Occupants of the buildings, other, 231. Office, Publisher's, see Publisher's Office, of Editors, see Editorial De- partments, of Book Department, 152. of Book and Job Printing De- partment, 186. of Electrotyping Department, 192. of Bindery, 208. of Mailing Department, 225. Organization of the House, present, 109, 110. Otterbein, Philip William, Life of, 83, -.m. Otterbein Hynmal, 101, 102, 316 36fi INDEX. Our Bible-Lesson Quarterly, estab- lished, 74. liistory, 133. editors, 133, 134. size and price, VSi, 134. circulation, 1154. Our Bible Teacher, established, 65, history, 131. editor, 131. size and price, 131. circulation, 132. Our Intermediate Bible-Lesson Quarterly , established, 82. history, i;i4. editors, 134, 135. size, 134, price, 135. circulation, 135. Our Little Ones, see Lessons for the Little Ones. Our Weekly Bible-Lesson, estab- lished, 64, 65, 130. history, 130. superseded, 82, 131. Owen, Alexander, editor of Unity Magazine, 43, 125, 302. editor of the Children'' s Friend, 43, 126, 301. biography, 281. Owens, Miss Priscilla J., 318. Pamphlets, catalogue of, 309. Panic of 1873, 67. Parrott, H. E., 308. Pennsylvania Annual Conference, 8. People's Hymnal, 102, 316. Periodicals, 1800-34, 3. 1834-92, 115, 320. number of, 109, 321. list of, English, 320. German, 321. circulation, review of, 115, etseq. 1891-92, 326. summary, 137. Pershing, J. H., 312. Plioto-electrotyping, 198. Photo-engraving, 198. Photo-etching, 198, 199. Pilgrim, C. E., 316. Plate room, 173. Platen press, 206. Pond, C. N., 312. Potts, J. v., 75, 305. Power and Heat Department, open- ing of, 38. location, 63, 73, 89, 228. descriiition, 228. engine room, 228, 230. boiler room, 228, 229. fuel, 229. engineer, 231. Preacher and His Sermon, The, 83, 306. Press, cylinder, 205. hand, 206. job, 207. platen, 206. pony, 207. proof, 175, 176. standing, 220. web perfecting, 206. Press Department, opening, 23. location, 39, 63, 90, 200. description, 200. facilities, 200, 203. quantity of paper consumed, 204. foremen, 204. Press room, see Press Department. Presses, first, 24. new, purchased, 39, 50, 73, 90, 99. number at present, 200. kinds of, in general use, 205. Pressing, of paper, 207, 213. of books, 220. Printing, 24, 200. nature of, 205, from engraved plates, 198. Printing Department, see Booli and Job Printing Department ; also, Press Department. Proceeds, how distributed, 110. Profits, 323. Proof press, 175, 176. INDEX. 367 Proof readers, Book and Job Print- ing Department, 170, 173. room occupied by, 89, 170. Religious Telescope Composing Department, 189. German Composing Depart- ment, 190. Proof reading, nature of, 178, et seq. importance of, 178, 179. process of, 180. responsibility of, 181. knowledge of, required by an author, 181. typographical marks exempli- fied, 182. explanation of corrections, 181. by whom performed, 170, 189, 190. Publication Fund, proposed and adopted, 52. review of plan, 53, et seq. receipts from, 52, 53, 59, 322. Publications, Historical Catalogue of, see Historical Tables, character of, 160. number of, 109, 160, 303. Publisher's Annual Report, 1N91-92. 324. Publisher's Office, at Circleville, 23. location at Dayton, 39, 14, 56, 90, 147. description, 147. business of, 147, 14.8. publishers, 301. persons employed in, 147. system of bookkeeping, 57, 148. Publishing Agents, 301. Publishing House, The, at Circle- ville, see House at Circleville. at Dayton, see House at Day- ton. Publishing house, the work of a, 164. Quarterly, Our Bihle-Lesson, see Our Bible-Lesson Quarterly. 23 Quarterlji, Our Intermediate Bihle- Lesson, see Our Intermediate Bible-Lesson Quarterly. Quarterly Review of the United Brethren in Christ, estab- lished, 100. history, 136. editors, 100, 101, 108, 136, 137, 302. size, 136. circulation, 136. price, 137. finances, 101, 137. Rankin, Mary, 46, 304. Readers' corner, 155. Real estate, at Circleville, 16, 29. at Dayton, purchased, 38, 78, 81. sold, a. leased, 78, 81. improved, 38, 56, 60, 78, 86, 89, 99. valuation, :{8, 41, 59, 71. Receiving-room, 155. Records, catalogue of, 319. Reduction in debt, see Debt, re- duction of. Religious Telescope, established, 15, et seq. history, 115. editors, 116, et seq., 301. circulation, 119. size, 120. price, 121. finances, 15, et seq., 121. advertising, 55, 121. editorial rooms, .39, 89, 161. composing-room, 39, 86, 99, 186. semi-centennial, 82. quoted, 116. referred to, vii., ix., 40, 49, 50, 55, 58, 64, 67, 72, 74, 85, 96, 100, 108. Religious T'elescope Composing De- partment, opening, 23. location, 39, 86, 99. 186. description, 186. foremen, 186. 368 INDEX. Removal to Dayton, 30, 37, 38. advantages of, 37, 333, 334. Reports of Trustees and Agents, quoted, 42, 47, 60, 67, 76. referred to, 25. Retrenchment, 43. Rliinehart, William R., editor of Mountain Messenger, 4, 16, 115. editor of Religious Telescope, 16, 17, 19, 116, 301. publisher, 9, 16, 17, 19, 301. compiler of hymn books, 8, 22, 41, 314. biography, 282. Rigor, G. W. M., 69, 315. Rike, D. L., trustee, 66, 72, 85, 96, 108, 300. executive committee, 108, 300. biography, 283. Robinson, J. B., 305. Ross, J. H.. 304. Rubber stamps, manufacture of, 197. Ruling, 220. machines, 220. Russel, John, trustee, 15, 28, 31, 299, 301. editor of German paper, 21, 122, 302. publisher of German paper, 21, 122. compiler of hymn book, 41, 318. referred to, 30. biography, 283. Sabbath-School Association, office and secretary, 233. Sand, J. A., 41, 318. Sanders, T. J., 103, 308. Scioto Annual Conference, 29, 117. Scott, J. L., 46, 304. Semi-centennial, 82. Sermons, volume of, 45, 46. Servoss, Miss M. E., 316. Seventh Quadrennium, 1857-61, 43 ; retrenchment, 43 ; cash system introduced, 43 ; suspension of Christian Repository, 43; res- ignation of editors, 43, 44 ; re- moval of store and office to second floor, 44 ; sale of real estate, 44 ; circulation re- duced, 45 ; new books, 45, et seq. ; new hymn book, 45 ; Church History, 46 ; volume of sermons, 46 ; Missionary Telescope, 46, 47 ; finances, 47 ; number employed, 47 ; trus- tees, 47 ; publishing agents, 48; editor of Telescope, 48. ■ Sewing, book, 214. Sexton, Mrs. Lydia, 84, 306. Shauck, Elah, trustee, 47, 300. biography, 284. Shauck, J. A., trustee, 108, 300. executive committee, 108, 300. music committee, 102, 316. biography, 285. Shauck, Mrs. A. B., 102, 316. Shipping-room, 73, 90, 156. Shuck, Daniel, trustee, 48, 300. biography, 285. Shuey, E. L., superintendent of Book Department, 91, 159. author and compiler, &4, 102, 306, 308, 310, 317, 320. Handbook referred to, vii., 299. Shuey, T.F., 308. Shuey, W. A., superintendent of Book Department, 159. book editor, 160. author and compiler, 102, 103, 308, 309, 310, 314, 320. proof reader, 170. Shuey, W. J., publisher, 51, 52, 57, 66, 73, 85, 96, 108, 148, 301. assistant publisher, 49, 301. author, 46, 103, 304, 311, 312, 313. compiler of hymn book, 45, 314. editor of Yearbooks, etc., 58, 314. music committee, 68, 315. biography, 286. INDEX. 369 Sixth Quadreunium, 1853-57, 37 ; ad- vantages of now location, 157 ; removal, 38; new building constructed, 3S ; cost of new building, 39; location of de- partments, 39; borrowing money, 40 ; expansion of work, 40 ; Children's Friend and Uni- ty Muijazine established, 40 ; editors, 40 ; new books, 41 ; finances, 41 ; debt, 42 ; number employed, 42 ; trustees and agents, 42. Slaughter, W'., 41, 304. Smith, A. J., 75, 305. Smith, W. P., trustee, 5,s, :«X). biography, 289. Sonntaijschtil-Lectionen, 101, 137. Sowers, T. X., publisher, 49, :«)1. assistant publisher, 445, 48, 51, 301. trustee, 66, 3(i0. superintendent of Book Depart- ment, 43, 56, 158. biograpliy, 289. Spay th, H. (t.. History of the United Brethren Clinrch, 22, 46, 303. comjjiler of hymn book, 22, 314. biography, 290. Special services, catalogue of, 317. Stahl, .John, trustee, 72, 300. biography, 291. Staley, C, 122. Standing-press, 220. Statistics, financial, 322. Staub, Henry, German editor, 21, 40, 123, 302. compiler of music book, 46, 319. biographical, 291. Steel engraving, nature of, 198. Steele, K. W., 3()s, 310, 311. Stereotype foundry, 39, 64, 190. Stereotyping, 192. nature of, 197. Stewart, J. T., 7. Stockrooms, book, 156. job, 173. 21 Strickler, David, German editor, 21, 122, 123, :;o2. biographical, 291. Strohm, Miss (iertrudo, 313. Subscription-b