family Ristory 
 
 f)ugb L. f>odge, jVI.D., LL.D. 
 
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 PRINCETON, N. J. 
 
 Presented by "^2.^^ &o\v^^rcX"S. C)-^ O C\(l^ 
 
 CS 71 .H623 H6 1903 ^ 
 Hodge, Hugh Lenox, 1796- 
 
 1873. 
 Memoranda of family history 
 
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 MEMORANDA ^^mr;^ 
 
 OF 
 
 Family History 
 
 Dictated by 
 
 Hugh L Hodge, M.D., LL.D, 
 
 ■UPON 
 
 The Earnest Solicitation 
 
 OF 
 
 His Daughter 
 
 HARRIET WOOLSEY HODGE 
 
Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 
 in 2010 with funding from 
 
 Princeton Theological Seminary Library 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/memorandaoffamilOOhodg 
 

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Introductory Statement 
 
 The following pages comprise family history and remiDisceuces as 
 dictated by father to Harriet Woolsey, brother Lenox's wife, at intervals 
 during the last years of his life. The precious manuscript is now the 
 property of Lenox's sou, Hugh Lenox Hodge. With his permission 
 and assistance, and with the cooperation of my brothers, I have prepared 
 it for the press. Places left blank I have been able, in most cases, to 
 till from entirely trustworthy sources ; but some arc necessarily left unsup- 
 plied. The utmost care has been taken to secure accuracy as to dates; 
 and where an evident mistake occurs in the manuscript, the true date is 
 put in brackets. It was inevitable that sentences given by dictation 
 should occasionally need to be rewritten ; but it will be found that the 
 text as now given is a faithful reproduction of father's work. The 
 thread of the narrative, moreover, was often broken, and there were 
 sometimes repetitions. An effort has been made to produce a continuous 
 story by bringing the separated parts together, and by the omission of 
 what had been already narrated. A few footnotes have been added 
 where an explanation seemed to be necessary, or where additional infor- 
 mation could be given. To these footnotes I have added my initials to 
 distinguish them from the rest of the work. 
 
 Edward B. Hodge 
 Philadelphia, Pa., Jan. 1, 1903 
 
Family History and Reminiscences 
 
 Dictated by out Father^ Hugh L. Hodge, M.D^ LL.D. 
 
 Towards the close of the seventeenth centnry, William Hodge, of 
 Scotch-Irish descent, lived in the north of Ireland, during the reign 
 of William of Orange in England. 
 
 William Hodge died, according to the old Bible record, in 1723. The 
 record reads thus : "My father, William Hodge, S^^' Dyed the 14th of 
 Janr-. 1723, about nin a cloak att night." Another record runs thus: 
 "My mother Dyed the 15th of 8r-.* 1730, Margret hodge, about 11 or 
 12 of ye Clock at night." 
 
 There was, according to this old Bible, a son William, born in the 
 old country in 1704, the 24th 9r (November, old reckoning).* A sec- 
 ond son, Hugh, was born July 28th, 1706, and died 1711, five years 
 of age. A daughter, Elizabeth, was born the 28th of March, 1709, 
 and died 1711, aged two years. Andrew Hodge was born the 28th 
 of March, 1711, and Hugh Hodge, the second son of that name born 
 to William Hodge, was born January 11th, 1713. Jane Hodge was 
 born February 15th, 1714, but of her subsequent history we have no 
 record. 
 
 Then there are, besides these, in the family Bible, notices of Mr. 
 John Wormley and of his daughter, Nellie; the latter of whom was 
 born in 1755, and died in 1773. The names of Elizabeth and William 
 Duncan also appear, of whom there is no other record, unless it be 
 this: "My father died Thursday, 6th of November, 1740, about ten 
 o'clock in the morning." It does not appear what connection these 
 had with the Hodge family, unless it is possible they were the descen- 
 dants of Jane Hodge, of whose marriage and death there is no record. 
 
 The'se children of William Hodge were all born in Ireland, and it 
 does not appear that either he or his wife ever came to America, al- 
 though my cousin, the late John Ledyard Hodge, was under the im- 
 
 *In England, from the 14th century until the change of style in 1752, the legal and 
 ecclesiastical year began March 25th. — E. B. H. 
 
6 FAMILY HISTORY AXD REMINISCENCES. 
 
 pression that they died in America, and were buried in Bucks County, 
 Pennsylvania. 
 
 About the period of, or during the year, 1730, when Mrs. William 
 Hodge, Sr., died, the three brothers, William, Andrew and Hugh, emi- 
 grated to America, and settled in this city of Philadelphia as mer- 
 chants. From these are descended those relatives of ours in this 
 country to whom we are so much attached. 
 
 William Hodge, the oldest of the three brothers, was born in 1704: 
 in the north of Ireland. He married, and his first and only child, 
 Mar}^ was born November 6th, 1737, and the child's mother died seven 
 days after, on the 13th of November, 1737. The old Bible has the 
 following touching entry: "Marrey Hodge Borne Novr. ye 6th 1737. 
 Hure mother Marrey Hodge Dyed ye 13th Ditto & do." At the foot of 
 the page in the family Bible, where all valuable writings seem to have 
 been kept in those days, is a receipt for the mother and child : "Eecit 
 for Elixir Paragorice to Eest them to Sleep." 
 
 Mary Hodge, for whom the mother gave her life, was married, when 
 twenty years of age, to Mr. William West. "Marrey Hodge was mar- 
 ried to William West ye 18th of August 1757, one Thursday evening." 
 
 The descendants of William and Mary West are numerous. 
 
 John, one of William and Mary West's sons, had several sons and 
 daughters; among others William, John, and Frank; the last a ph}'- 
 sician who died unmarried in 1869. Another son is Captain West, 
 who is still living (1872). Two sisters are also still living and un- 
 married. 
 
 Captain West, who is still living (1872), has two sisters, who are 
 also still living and unmarried. 
 
 One of the daughters of William and Mary West married Mr. 
 I'razier, and had several children, among whom were William, Falbro, 
 and John, many of whose descendants survive. William and Nalbro 
 are also still living. Their eldest sister married a Mr. ISTesbit, and 
 lived and died in Alabama. The youngest sister married Mr. Cabot. 
 ]\Ir. and Mrs. Cabot and their children are still living. A second 
 daughter of William and Mary West married a Mr. Conyngham. 
 This couple were the parents of Judge Conyngham, of Wilkes-Barre, 
 Pa., and of Mr. Conyngham, of Xew Orleans; also of Mrs. Peters, late 
 of Georgia. 'J'wo others, single ladies, still live in Philadelphia. 
 
 The descendants of Mrs. Peters and of Judge Conyngham are nu- 
 merous. It appears also from a statement of Mrs. William L. Hodge 
 (Sally Bayard), that there was another daughter of William and Mary 
 
FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 7 
 
 West who married a Mr. Stewart, who settled in Baltimore, where his 
 -descendants still live. 
 
 Andrew Hodge, the third son of William Hodge, Sr., was born in 
 1711 in the old country. After coming to America and establishing 
 himself in Philadelphia he married Jane McCulloch in 1739. Jane 
 had a brother, Hugh McCulloch, an elder in the Second Presby- 
 terian Church of Philadelphia, and a man of much influence. He 
 was very positive in his opinions even whpn science was opposed to 
 him. He never would render assent to the declaration that the earth 
 moves round the sun, maintaining that it was contrary to his own 
 ■observation as well as to the authority of the Bible in which Joshua 
 is represented as commanding, not the earth, but the sun, to stand 
 still. His character is said to have been imbibed by our family : "Oh, 
 there is McCulloch blood" being quite a saying among us. 
 
 This Mr. Hugh McCulloch had a son who settled in Baltimore, 
 Where some of his descendants still survive. He, like his father, 
 Hugh McCulloch, was a man of strong opinions. He entered the 
 Eevolutionary Army, and was advanced to the rank of Colonel. When 
 war was declared with England in 1812 he could not be restrained 
 from entering the volunteer corps of the Baltimore militia, and with 
 them encountered General Eoss at the battle of North Point. He 
 there received a shot which caused a fracture of the thigh. Notwith- 
 standing this severe fracture in his old age he recovered and lived for 
 many years on his farm near Baltimore. Here I and my brother 
 ■Charles, when we were lads, were taken by mother to pay him a visit ; 
 of which visit we have very pleasant recollections. 
 
 A daughter of Hugh McCulloch married Dr. Burkhead, of Baltimore, 
 .and they had several descendants. Another daughter married Colonel 
 Anderson, and there are descendants from this union also. Colonel 
 Anderson was a man of education and talent. Mrs. Anderson was the 
 mother of Mrs. John Lapslcy, and also Mrs. Penninsrton Shcwell, and 
 
 .also of Mrs. , who married and settled in Kentucky. 
 
 Mrs. Shewell died without children. 
 
 ' Mrs. William L. Hodge informs me that Dr. Ashbel Green's third 
 wife was a McCulloch, and Dr. Green's son, Jacob Green, a lawyer of 
 Princeton, married also a McCulloch, the niece of his step-mother. 
 
 These must have been the daughters of another son of Hugh McCul- 
 loch, of whom there is no record. Mrs. Jacob Green, above alluded to, still 
 survives, and her daughter is married to the Eev. Samuel Dod, of the 
 ■"Stevens Institute of Technology," Hoboken, New Jersey. 
 
8 FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 ^ye now reiurn to Andrew Hodge, who married Miss McCuUoch. 
 He and his wife had a large number of children : Margaret, -born 
 1740, married to John Bayard of Maryland; Agnes, born 1742, mar- 
 ried to Dr. James A. Bayard; John Hodge, William Hodge, Andrew 
 Hodge, Hugh Hodge, and Jane Hodge, born 1757, married to B. 
 Phillips of England; Mary, born 1761, married to Major Hodgson; 
 James Hodge, and others who died in childhood. 
 
 The eldest child, Margaret, was born, as mentioned above, in 1740. 
 Her husband, John Bayard, of Maryland, afterwards settled in Phila- 
 delphia, where he lived for many years and became an officer of the 
 grade of colonel in the Eevolutionary Army. After the death of his 
 wife, Margaret Hodge, he married a daughter of the Eev. Dr. Kodgers,. 
 of Xew York,* and, after her death, a Mrs. White, with whom he 
 lived at Xew Brunswick, N. J., where he died at an advanced age. 
 His children were those of his first wife, Margaret Hodge. One of 
 these was Mr. Samuel Bayard, afterwards Judge Bayard, who lived 
 at Princeton, N. J., was an elder in the Presb}i;erian Church, and 
 treasurer of the college. His wife was Miss Pintard. Their daughter, 
 Susan Bayard, died at fifteen years of age. Their son, Samuel 
 Bayard, Jr., is now living at Camden, N. J. He married Miss^ 
 Dashiell, of Cincinnati, 0., by whom he had one son. General 
 Dashiell Bayard, a bold cavalry officer in the late War of the 
 Eebellion, who was killed by a cannon shot at Fredericksburg, Va. 
 Samuel had also three daughters, two married and one still single. 
 Lewis Bayard was a clergyman of the Episcopal Church, and married 
 a Miss Rhea, by whom he had several children. 
 
 Another son of Samuel Bayard, Sr., was married, and had several 
 children. He resided in Jersey City, and died there. 
 
 A second daughter of Samuel Bayard, Sr., was Julia, who married 
 Mr. Washington, a resident of the State of Virginia. There she 
 lived and died, leaving one daughter, Augusta. This daughter married 
 a Mr. Wirt, son of Attorney General William Wirt, of Maryland, 
 and she is living at her home on the Rappahannock River, Virginia. 
 
 The third daughter of Samuel Bayard, Sr., was Caroline, who' 
 married the Rev. Mr. Dod, professor of mathematics in Princeton 
 College. Caroline's husband died, leaving her in restricted circum- 
 stances. Her eldest daughter married Edwin Stevens, of Hoboken, 
 N". J., who died some three years ago, leaving his wife in possession 
 
 *In the "Life of Charles Hodge" (p. 5) it is said that James A. Bayard, son of 
 John and Margaret Bayard, married a daughter of Dr. Rodgers.— E. B. H. 
 
FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 9 
 
 of the family mansion at Hoboken, and the mother of a family of 
 five or six children. One daughter, handsome and interesting, died at 
 Eome, at six years of age. 
 
 Two other daughters of Mrs. Dod married in succession Mr. 
 Richard Stockton, son of Mr. Richard Stockton, of Princeton, many 
 years Senator of the United States. Caroline, the older of these two 
 daughters, and the first wife of Mr. Stockton, died leaving several 
 children. Susan, the younger of the two, and the second wife of 
 Mr. Stockton, still lives, and fehe also has several children. The 
 fourth daughter of Mrs. Dod married Mr. Walker, a lawyer of 
 Washington, son of Robert J. Walker, once Secretary of the 
 Treasury at Washington, and Governor of Kansas during the trouble 
 which there existed before the late Civil War. 
 
 Mrs. Dod had also three sons. The eldest, Albert, married a Miss 
 Mackintosh, who did not live long. ]£e served as an officer in the 
 late war, and was at the battle of Chattanooga. A second son was 
 Samuel B. Dod, who married Miss Isabella Williamson Green, 
 daughter of Jacob Green, and granddaughter of Dr. Ashbel Green, 
 President of Princeton College. This IMr. Dod settled as a clergy- 
 man in Monticello, IST. Y., and afterwards at Wilkes-Barre, Pa. He 
 now is President of the Board of Trustees of the "Stevens Institute 
 of Technology," at Hoboken, jST. J. 
 
 The third son, Charles, was an officer on the staff of General W. Scott 
 Hancock in the late Civil War, and died while so employed. (For 
 further information about the descendants of John Bayard and 
 Margaret Hodge see p. 10.) 
 
 The second daughter of Andrew Hodge, Agnes Hodge, married Dr. 
 •James A. Bayard, of Delaware (No. 1), the twin brother of Colonel 
 John Bayard. 
 
 One of their children, Mary Bayard, died single. Another, John 
 Hodge Bayard, who was, I believe, a physician, died in Cumberland, 
 Md. Still another son was James A. Bayard (ISTo. 3), a lawv-er, who 
 devoted himself to politics, and represented the State of Delaware 
 in Congress at the time of the contested election respecting Thomas 
 Jefferson and Aaron Burr for the Presidency of the United States. 
 He has the credit of having given the casting vote by which Mr. 
 Jefferson was made President. He was afterwards Senator from 
 Delaware, and in 1814 signed, in conjunction with Clay, Albert 
 Gallatin and others, the treaty of Ghent, which terminated the War 
 of 1812 with Great Britain. He was soon afterwards attacked with 
 
10 FAillLY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 a severe iuflanimation of the throat, and died August, 1815, a few 
 days after his return from Europe, in his home at Wihnington, Del.* 
 
 His eldest son was Eichard Bayard, who studied law and married 
 Miss Carroll, of Carrollton, Md. He also became later a member 
 of the United States Senate. In course of time he moved to 
 Philadelphia, and died in the spring of 1868, leaving a wife and four 
 daughters and one son. 
 
 Miss Caroline Bayard was the second child. She never married. 
 Her death occurred at Wilmington, Del., December, 1871. 
 
 James A. Bayard was the second son of James A. Bayard (No. 2). 
 His wife was a Miss Francis, of Philadelphia, who died a few years 
 ago, leaving several children. He succeeded his brother Eichard as 
 Senator from Delaware, but later retired from public business, and is 
 living at Wilmingion. He has the great satisfaction of seeing his 
 son, Thomas Bayard, taking his place as Senator in the ITnited States 
 Congress. He has also two daughters, Mrs. Lockwood and Mrs. Kane. 
 James A. Bayard (No. 2) had a third son, whose name was Edward, 
 who married Miss Walworth, daughter of Chancellor Walworth, of 
 XeAV York. He studied law, but turned afterwards to the study of 
 medicine, and is now a homoeopathic physician in New York. 
 
 A fourtli son was Henry Bayard, who married Miss Dixon, of 
 Victoria, Pa., where Mr. Bayard was engaged in the iron business. 
 He and his wife survive, and have a family of children. 
 
 Having thus given some account of the Delaware Bayards 
 (descended from James A. Bayard and Agnes Hodge), we now 
 return to take up the story of the descendants of John Bayard (twin 
 brother of James A. Bayard), who married Margaret Hodge, elder 
 sister of Agnes. 
 
 One of the sons of John and Margaret Bayard, Mr. Samuel Bayard, 
 who l)ecame treasurer of Princeton College, has already been 
 mentioned (see page 8). 
 
 Another son was Andrew Bayard, a merchant, and afterwards an 
 auctioneer in Philadelphia. He was subsequently the first President of 
 the Commercial Bank and also of the first Philadelphia Savings 
 Institution, now situated at the corner of Washington Square and 
 Walnut Street. 
 
 Andrew Bayard married Sarah Pettit, daughter of Colonel Pettit, 
 of the Eevohitionary Army. His eldest child was Sarah Pettit 
 
 ♦The death of Mr. Bayard is ascribed by Sally Bayard Hodge, not to inflammation 
 of the throat, but to necrosis of the breast bone.— E. B. H. 
 
FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 11 
 
 Bayard, who married my cousin, Mr. William L. Hodge, and is still 
 living in Washington, D. C. 
 
 His second child was John Bayard, a merchant, who died 
 unmarried in the month of October, 1869. 
 
 Tlie third child was Elizabeth Ingersoll Bayard, who married 
 John S. Henry. She is now a widow, living in Germantown, Pa. 
 She has three sons, Alexander, Charlton and Samuel, and two 
 daughters, Sarah, married to the Eev. Samuel Clark, an Episcopal 
 clergyman, residing at Elizabeth, ]S[. J., and Theodosia, who lives, 
 unmarried, with her mother. 
 
 A third daughter of Andrew Bayard and Sarah Pettit was 
 Theodosia Graydon Bayard, who did not marry. She lives with her 
 sister Mrs. Henry, of Germantown. 
 
 Mr. Bayard's second son was James Bayard, who was educated as 
 a lawyer in the office of his cousin, Joseph E. Ingersoll. He was at 
 one time a member of the House of Eepresentatives of Pennsylvania. 
 He married Miss Mary Backus, daughter of Mr. E. F. Backus, of 
 Albany. Her mother was a daughter of Colonel Samuel Chester, of 
 Connecticut. They now live in Locust Street, above Sixteenth Street, 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 A fourth daughter was Anna Maria, who married Dr. Stewart, 
 and died a few years afterwards, leaving two children, one. Bayard, 
 who died in infancy, the other, Thomas, who is living at Washington 
 Square and Seventh Street, Philadelphia. 
 
 Mr. Andrew Bayard's third son and youngest child is Charles 
 Pettit Bayard. He became a merchant and afterwards a broker, and 
 has lived many years in Germantown. He married Miss Adeline 
 McKean. daughter of Judge Joseph McKean, and granddaughter of 
 Governor IMcKean, of Pennsylvania. They had several children, 
 Charles, Anna Maria, James, William and Caroline. 
 
 I have now traced the descendants of Andrew Hodge and his wife, 
 Jane McCulloch, through their two older children, Margaret and 
 Agnes. The oldest son ivas John Hodge, of whom I know nothing, 
 except that he was born in 1747 and died in 1770. 
 
 The next child urns William Hodge. He was born in 1750, and 
 was educated as a merchant. My cousin, John Ledyard Hodge, 
 speaks of his uncle William as being known abroad as "the handsome 
 American." He became a secret agent of the United States Govern- 
 ment at the time of our Eevolution. He had authority, as the agent 
 of the United States, to send arms and ammunition to America from 
 
13 FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 France. A vessel was stationed for this purpose in the harbor at 
 Brest, and Mr. Hodge worked secretly in Paris. 
 
 The movements of the vessel excited the suspicions of the British at 
 Brest, and complaint was made to the government at Paris. Orders 
 were accordingly sent for the seizure of the American vessel on the 
 charge of violating neutrality laws. The execution of these 
 orders, which were several times repeated, was evaded by various 
 devices, such as altering the color and appearance of the vessel, so 
 that it eventually escaped. The accusations of the British officers, 
 however, were directed so distinctly and emphatically against Mr. 
 Hodge that the French Government felt compelled to arrest him 
 and commit him to the Bastile. A secret intimation, meantime, 
 was given to the superintendent to treat him with all kindness. In 
 actual fact, therefore, he lived on the fat of the land, all of his 
 wants being abundantly supplied, and in due time he was liberated 
 through the intercession of oar government. He subsequently 
 returned to America, where he died, unmarried, in 1780. 
 
 Andrew, the fifth child of Andrew Hodge and Jane MrCulloch, was 
 born in 1753, and was educated practically with the expectation of 
 his becoming a lawyer. He entered the Kevolutionary Army, however, 
 and served as a captain at the battles of Trenton and Princeton. He 
 afterwards became a merchant in Philadelphia, and married Anne 
 Ledyard, half-aunt of the author and traveller, and by her had several 
 children. His oldest son was John Ledyard Hodge, who was brought 
 up in Mr. Eobert Ealston's store, and went as supercargo with Mr. 
 Ealston on several voyages to the West Indies and the Mediterranean. 
 He afterwards settled down as a co-partner with a merchant at 
 Marseilles, and became quite rich. As he was of a social character, 
 and exhibited considerable talent, united with an excellent memory, he 
 became very acceptable to the French inhabitants and to the 
 authorities. In after-life he gave very interesting anecdotes of his 
 various friends and acquaintances in Paris as well as in Marseilles, 
 many of whom were in high literary as well as political positions 
 during the time of the First Napoleon. He served on the staff of 
 one of the French generals in the Army in the ISTorth of Spain, during 
 the Napoleonic invasion, and was in the siege of Barcelona. 
 
 He suffered much yjersonally while detained in that city during the 
 prolonged attack upon the place by the English and Spanish forces, 
 being at times so badly off as to eat rats. After his liberation, and 
 upon a review of the state of his ad'airs at Marseilles, be retired to 
 
FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 13 
 
 Tunis, in Africa, where he spent many years in mercantile business. 
 Here he had many friends among the English and Americans, and 
 had much influence with the governor. Here, too, he indulged his 
 taste for reading, and also collected many valuable and rare medals 
 and coins, said to have been collected from the ruins of old Carthage 
 and representing many of the old emperors. These were afterwards 
 given to his nephew, J. Ledyard Hodge, and some few to his niece, 
 Theodosia, by whom they were arranged in the form of a bracelet. 
 Many years afterwards he returned to Philadelphia, and recommenced 
 his mercantile pursuits, which were not, however, prosecuted very 
 vigorously. Nevertheless he had considerable property. Through his 
 personal influence with leading bankers during the troublesome times 
 between 1830 and 1840, he contributed to Ihe interests of his brothers 
 William and Andrew at New Orleans. By President Pillmore he was 
 appointed Consul at Marseilles, and remained there during his 
 administration, and also during two or three years of the administra- 
 tion of Fillmore's successor, President Pierce. At the port of Mar- 
 seilles Mr. Hodge exercised extensively his social disposition, kept 
 an open house, especially for Americans, and was visited, of course, 
 by all the commanders of our public and private vessels, upon whom 
 he had frequently the opportunity of conferring favors. These visita- 
 tions were the more numerous from the fact that the time was that 
 of the Crimean War, so that large numbers of transport vessels, as 
 well as men of war, stopped at Marseilles. 
 
 Among other incidents was the arrival of Kossuth, the Hungarian 
 patriot, who, after his liberation from Turkey, came to this port. 
 Much disturbance was caused, and Mr. Hodge had much trouble 
 in resisting the plans of Kossuth, and in preventing any breaches of the 
 peace. They had a sharp controversy, which was carried on by letters, 
 which were afterwards published, affording probably the first evidence 
 that the aims of Kossuth were not always correct and praiseworthy. 
 
 At the termination of his Consulship Mr. Hodge returned home, 
 but did not resume business. Sometimes he was to be found in 
 Washington, sometimes with his sister, Mrs. Sands, and sometimes 
 travelling through different parts of the country. A greater part of 
 one winter he spent in Texas and Mississippi. Subsequently he 
 spent a winter with his sister in New York, and afterwards, as his 
 health was becoming poor, his winters were spent in Philadelphia, as 
 he was attached to the place of his birth, and hopeful that he would 
 be permitted to die there. This desire of his heart was granted, and 
 
14 FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 his death occurred in Philadelphia on the 4th of February, 1870, 
 about two months before the conclusion of his eighty-sixth year, Mr. 
 John Hodge never married, but everywhere he was very popular, 
 having fine conversational talent, abounding in humor and in 
 anecdotes, especially concerning the great men in Europe. He had 
 seen and read a great deal, and his memory was very retentive. His 
 manners were very polite and polished, but accompanied by so much 
 cheerfulness of mind and heart as to dissipate any impression of 
 stiffness or reserve, while his impulses toward his family and his 
 friends were always affectionate and generous. 
 
 The next child of Andrew Hodge, Jr., and ISTancy Hodge (Anne 
 Ledyard) was Jane, who was born in 1786. She grew up a handsome 
 and intelligent girl; but, owing to a shock of electricit}', her nervous 
 system was much injured. She became afterwards subject to cataleptic 
 turns, which recurred at intervals during her long life. She married 
 Dr. Eobert H. Eose, a very intelligent Scotch gentleman of great 
 cultivation and taste. He purchased a large tract of wild land in 
 Susquehanna County, Pa., and erected a handsome house on the 
 border of Silver Lake, where he exerted for many years a great 
 influence, contributing largely to the comfort and cultivation of the 
 numerous settlers who followed him to that locality, giving them, 
 among other things, the use of a large library. His name is preserved 
 in that of Montrose, a town not far from his home at Silver Lake. 
 
 Jane became the mother of several children. The oldest was Ann, 
 who married William Main, at that time a civil engineer. He 
 subsequently moved to Philadelphia, where he has occupied almost 
 to the present time the position of recording secretary and treasurer of 
 the Board of Education of the Presbyterian Church. Ann had three 
 children. Alice, the eldest, died of consumption at twenty years of 
 age. The next Avas William, a civil engineer and assayer, now living 
 in Colorado. He marri(;d Miss Eillel:)rown, belonging to a New 
 England family, now resident, however, in South Carolina. The 
 third was Annie, who married Mr. Giles, descended from a Virginia 
 family. His present residence is in Minnesota, to which State his 
 wife's parents have now resorted. 
 
 Dr. Rose died many years ago, l)ut liis wife, Jane, lived until 
 February 8th, 1800. She was eighty years of age at the time of her 
 death. 
 
 Another child of Andrew Hodge, Jr., and Nancy Hodge (Anne 
 Ledyard) was William Ledyard Hodge, born in January, 1790. 
 
FAMILY HISTORY AND EEMINISCENCES. 15 
 
 Owing to the circumstances of his father his early education was 
 much neglected; but, being a man of great talent and excellent 
 memory, he improved every opportunity by reading and attention 
 to business, so that he became, not only only an excellent merchant, 
 but a man of extended influence, especially by the use of his pen. 
 He settled as a merchant in Philadelphia, and for a time was very 
 prosperous. He married Sally Pettit Bayard, eldest daughter of 
 AndrcAv Bayard. Soon afterwards, however, he failed in business, 
 and went to Marseilles. He returned to America after a few years 
 and entered into business in New Orleans, where his younger brother 
 x\ndrew liad acquired a large fortune. In the troublous times attend- 
 ing the failure of the United States Bank he again failed. He then 
 became the editor of the New Orleans Bulletin, which he carried on 
 with credit until the election of General Taylor as President of the 
 United States. Soon afterwards he received the appointment of 
 Assistant Secretary of the Treasury under the Honorable Thomas 
 Corwin, and for a time was Acting Secretary. 
 
 At the end of the administration of Mr. Fillmore, who succeeded 
 General Taylor, Mr. Hodge continued his residence in Washington, 
 doing business as an agent. He was subject to occasional attacks of 
 gout, and about the year 1865 or 1866 it made serious inroads upon 
 his health. His heart became much diseased in 1867. Dropsical 
 symptoms supervened, and he died on the 22d of January, 1868. He 
 had just completed his seventy-eighth year. He had seven children. 
 The eldest is Anne, now wife of Eear Admiral Eodgers, of the United 
 States Navy. Three or four children were born to William Hodge 
 in France. Two were twins, and died early. The next was a son. 
 Bayard, a beautiful and intelligent child, who died very suddenly 
 of scarlet fever in Philadelphia. x\nother was Sarah, who died at 
 two years of age of convulsions. The next daughter was Theodosia, 
 wlio was born on the 4th of July, 1832. She still survives, a very 
 intelligent and cultivated woman. The next and last child was John 
 Ledyard Hodge, a young man of much talent and promise, who 
 Avas born in 1834. He received his collegiate education at Princeton, 
 studied law at the University of Virginia, and was licensed to practice 
 that profession in Philadelphia. Hero he remained until the War 
 of 1861, when he entered the Paymaster General's office in Washing- 
 ton, where he continued to live after the conclusion of peace. He 
 married a Miss Wilson, whose father lived on the Eastern Shore of 
 Maryland. 
 
16 FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 Another child of Andrew Hodge, the second, and N^ancy Hodge, 
 (Anne Ledyard) was Andrew, who died in infancy. Another was 
 James, who was educated for the Navy. He died some years after- 
 wards at Norfolk, Va. A daughter, Ann, was born in 1794, and 
 was married, in May, 1819, to her cousin Austin Ledyard Sands, of 
 New York, by whom she had several children, four of whom survive. 
 They are Dr. Austin Sands, now of Newport ; Samuel Sands, a broker ; 
 William Sands, a merchant or broker, and also Andrew Hodge Sands, 
 a lawA^er. The three first-mentioned are married, and Samuel has 
 a large family of children. Mrs. Sands still lives, the last of her 
 family. 
 
 Another child of Andrew Hodge, the second, and Nancy Hodge, 
 Avas Andrew, the second Andrew of this family. He was born in 1797. 
 He was educated, like his brothers, in Mr. Ealston's counting-house, 
 made two or three voyages to Canton, and afterwards settled as a 
 merchant in New Orleans, where he acquired a large property, becom- 
 ing an extensive land-owner in Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas and 
 Mississippi. He also became very influential as President of the 
 Bank of New Orleans. He became involved in the pecuniary troubles 
 of 1835 and 1836 and 1837, etc., and retired, after losing most 
 of his property, to a sugar plantation on one of the bayous of 
 Louisiana. Here he so far succeeded as not only to support himself, 
 but to leave a small property at his death, which occurred in 1857, 
 when he was in his sixtieth year. 
 
 The last child of Andrew Hodge, the second, and Nancy Hodge, 
 was Austin. He had the misfortune to be afflicted with curvature of 
 the spine, accompanied by large abscesses, seriously threatening his 
 life until he was sixteen years of age, when he recovered with the 
 usual deformity. The disease existed in the lumbar vertebrse. He 
 attended somewhat to mercantile business, and spent some years in 
 Marseilles with his brother John. In course of time he returned to 
 America, and died m the city of New York of consumption, when he 
 was about twenty-eight years of age. 
 
 The next child of An^Jtrew Hodge, the first, and Jane McCulloch, 
 was Hugh Hodge. He was their sixth child. His birth occurred in 
 1755. Ho received a classical education, entered Princeton College 
 as a student, and was graduated in 1773. He was among the 
 original members of the literary society at Princeton, known as the 
 American Whig Society. His diploma from this society is now in 
 the hands of his son, and is probably one of the very few extant. 
 
FAMILY HISTORY AND KEMINISCENCES. 17 
 
 Immediately after his graduation at Princeton he conmienced the 
 study of medicine as the pupil of the then eminent physician, Dr. 
 Cadwalader. On the breaking out of the War in 1775 his medical 
 studies were prematurely arrested; nevertheless he sustained an 
 examination and was admitted as a surgeon in the Army.* 
 
 He was captured by the British at Fort Washington, N, Y., but, 
 through the interposition of General Washingion, he was liberated on 
 parole. Circumstances then compelled him to enter into mercantile 
 business with his brother Andrew. He again, however, returned to the 
 practice of medicine; and, about the year 1789, he became acquainted 
 with Miss Mary Blanchard, of Boston, with whom he became united 
 in marriage in 1790. ■!■ 
 
 He speedily obtained an influential practice in the city, and had 
 a prominent part to play during the terrible epidemic of yellow fever 
 in 1793, and again in 1795. His constitution became impaired by 
 the exposure which was incident to his labors on these occasions, and 
 he suffered from frequent attacks of jaundice and other lymphatic 
 complaints. Under their influence his strength failed, and he died 
 on the 14th of July, 1798, at the age of forty-three years. He left 
 his widow with two children. His first child, a daughter, was the 
 first victim of yellow fever in 1793. His second daughter and a 
 young son also died in 1795. 
 
 The accounts of the yellow fever as it prevailed through the winter 
 of 1793 are most terrible. The extreme temperature exceeded every- 
 thing remembered by the oldest inliabitant. 
 
 "Great flocks of pigeons flew daily over the city, so numerous in 
 their flight as to obscure the sun. They were shot from numerous 
 high houses, and the markets were crammed with them. They 
 generally had nothing in their craw besides a single acorn. The 
 superstitious found out that they presaged some evil, and, sure 
 enough, sickness and death came." Think of a desolation that shut 
 up nearly all of the churches. The pastors generally fled, and their 
 congregations were scattered. The few that still remained assembled 
 in small circles fox religious exercises; not, however, without just 
 
 *"In Committee of Safety, Philadelphia, February 7th, 1776, Dr. Hugh Hodge, having 
 been examined by the surgeons and physicians appointed for that purpose, was recom- 
 mended by them as a proper person to be appointed surgeon to a l)attalion, therefore. 
 Resolved, That the said Hugh Hodge be appointed surgeon to the third battalion of 
 troops to be raised." 
 
 "December 2nd, 1776. Resolved, That Mr. Joseph Redman, Jr., be appointed Sur- 
 geon, and Mr. Hugh Hodge, Jr., Surgeon's mate to Colonel Bayard's Battalion of 
 Militia of the City of Philadelphia." 
 
 tin 1793 Dr. Hugh Hodge was made a member of the College of Physicians. 
 2 
 
18 FAMILY HISTORY AND EEMIKISCENCES. 
 
 fears that their assembling might communicate the disease from one 
 to the other. Xo light and careless hearers there appeared, and there 
 was no flippant preaching to indulge itching ears. All was solemn 
 and impressive. A feeling possessed the minds of the little congrega- 
 tion that they would not all meet again on a like occasion. Death, 
 judgment and eternity occupied the attention of all who assembled. 
 Look which way you would through the streets and you saw the 
 exposed coffins on chair-wheels, either in quick motion or waiting to 
 be taken. The graves were not dug singly, but in pits, which might 
 receive many. Men saluted each other as if doubting to be met 
 again. Such was the greatness of the calamity at this time. 
 
 What is now Washingion Square, on Walnut Street, between Sixth 
 and Seventh, was a Potter's Field, and its "final Golgotha" was after 
 the yellow fever of 1795. Then the City Councils forbade further 
 interment, but not until 1815 was it made into the beautiful square 
 as we now see it. 
 
 During the fearful epidemic described alcove, Dr. Hugh Hodge and 
 his family lived in their accustomed place in Water Street. In this 
 locality dwelt all the householders of Front, Water and the side 
 streets up a short distance westward. The merchants of those days 
 lived under the same roof with their stores, as in Holland now. 
 After 1793 people began to change their domiciles from the water 
 side; and it may give an idea of the change to state that, "when Mr. 
 Markoe built his large double house out High, now Market Street, 
 between Ninth and Tenth, in the front centre of a fenced meadow, 
 it was so remote from all city intercourse that it was a jest among 
 his friends to say that he lived on High Street next door but one 
 to the Schuylkill Ferry." In Front Street, adjoining to Elfreth's Alley, 
 were Callendcr's grand houses. Then, four doors above, came Wain's 
 double house. Opposite was Drinker's, and at the corner of Drinker's 
 Alley, next door northward, stood Henry Pratt's house. Next door to 
 this was Dr. Hodge's, with Hodge's wharf running out directly in 
 front. A few years later, in 179G-98, Mr. Morris purchased the 
 whole square extending from Chestnut to Walnut, and from Seventh 
 to Eighth, for £10,000; a great su]n for what, until then, had been 
 the capital. It was used by the Norris family as a pasture-ground. 
 
 Its original elevation was from twelve to fifteen feet above the 
 present elevation of the adjacent streets. With such an extent of 
 high ground in ornamental cultivation, surrounding what was virtually 
 a palace fronting on Chestnut Street, luunan grandeur must have 
 
FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 19 
 
 achieved a signal effect. Immense sums of money were expended. 
 Arches, vaults and labyrintlis were numerous. The house exhibited 
 four sides of entire marble surface, and much of the ornamentation 
 was in expensive relief. He had provided, by importation and other- 
 wise, the most costly furniture, all of which, in time, together with 
 the marble mansion itself, had to be abandoned to his creditors, who, 
 by slow and patient labor, pulled it down. Some of the underground 
 labyrinths were so deep and massive as to have been left as they were, 
 and in some future age may be discovered to the great perplexity of 
 the quid nuncs.* The materials thus taken down were sold in lots; 
 and the square, being divided into building-lots, and sold, much of 
 the material was brought into use. 
 
 Mr. William Sansom soon procured the erection of his "row" on 
 Walnut Street, and many houses also on Sansom Street. Thus, by 
 building ranges of houses similar in appearance, a uniformity was 
 produced, often since imitated, but never before attempted in our city.' 
 Near the northwest corner of Sixth and Walnut Streets was a 
 little ice-pond for skaters. On the southeast corner of Seventh and 
 Chestnut Streets, where Wain's house was afterwards erected, stood 
 an old red-painted frame house, looking strangely to the eye by being 
 elevated at its ground floor fully fifteen feet higher than the common 
 level of the street. On the northwest corner of Seventh and Chestnut 
 Streets was a high grass lot, enclosed by a rail fence, extending half- 
 way to Eighth Street. Except one or two brick houses at the comer 
 of Eighth Street, you met not another house this side of the Schuylkill. 
 In 1790, the year of Dr. Hugh Hodge's marriage, John Nancarro, a 
 Scotchman, had a furnace under ground for converting iron into 
 steel. It stood at the northwest corner of Ninth and Walnut Streets. 
 There was also a furnace above ground at the northwest corner of 
 Eighth and Walnut Streets, having a large chimney tapering to the 
 top. There a curious fact occurred, which, but for this record, might 
 puzzle antiquaries at some future day ; raising in their minds, perhaps, 
 the question whether the aborigines had not understood the art of 
 fusing iron. The fact was this : A great mass of five tons of iron 
 bars, which was in the furnace, was suddenly converted into a huge 
 rock of steel by reason of a fissure in the furnace, which let in the air 
 and consumed the charcoal, whereby the whole ran into steel equal 
 to four or five tons. Some houses of very shallow cellars have since 
 been erected over the place, and all are quite unconscious of the 
 
 *See "Life of Robert Morris," Desilver, PubUsher, 1841. 
 tFather afterwards mentions living "in Sansom's Row." 
 
20 FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 treasure -wliich rests beneath. It was an open lot when so used by 
 Xancarrc* 
 
 In 1800 the names of the streets were changed. Eor example, 
 "Bloody Lane/*' so called because a murder had been committed there, 
 was changed to "JSToble Street;" "Garden Alley" was changed to 
 "Coombs Alley/' as Mr. Coombs was a tenant on the Front Street 
 corner; "Cedar Street" was changed to "South," because it was the 
 southern limit of the city; "Sassafras" was changed to "Eace," because 
 it was once the road to the races out there; "Mulberry" was called 
 "Arch," because of an arch or bridge across that street at Front 
 Street; "High Street," which had been so named because it was the 
 highest elevation from the river, was changed to "Market," because 
 the markets were there. "King Street" was changed to "Water," 
 because of its nearness to the Delaware Eiver; "Valley Street," which 
 had been so named because of its situation between two hills, was 
 changed to "Vine;" "Wynn Street," named for Thomas Wynn, was 
 changed to Chestnut; "Pool Street," so named as leading to Dock 
 Street water, was changed to "Walnut."" 
 
 Dr. Hodge's two sons, Hugh Lenox and Charles, were left in early 
 infancy to a widowed mother, and with slender means of support. 
 This intellectual and gifted woman was, however, equal to the 
 emergency. By untiring energy and self-abnegation she not only 
 contributed to the necessities of her children, but secured to them a 
 good classical education, and they completed a full course of instruc- 
 tion in the College of New Jersey. 
 
 She came to Philadelphia with her brother John, it is 
 possible as early as 1785, when she was about twenty years 
 of age. She was introduced to our family by letters to my uncle. 
 Colonel Hodgdon, and thus it was that she became acquainted with 
 my father, who was then engaged in mercantile business with his 
 Ijrother Andrew Hodge; a business which proved unfortunate, and 
 a cause of delay in the marriage of my parents. Indeed, my father 
 was occasionally absent from Philadelphia, going sometimes to the 
 West Indies. My mother's situation was probably very lonely, for 
 father, in a letter to his sister, Mary Hodge (afterwards Mrs. Hodg- 
 don), urges with much feeling that she should be as attentive as 
 
 ♦Watson's Annals of PhilRdelphifi, Vol. ii, page 426. 
 tWhatever changes were made in 1800 In the names of streets, there nevertheless 
 remained on the signs for more than half a century afterwards such old names as 
 •High St.," "Mulberry St.," Sassafras St.," as I very well remember.— E. B. H. 
 
FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 21 
 
 possible to Miss Blanchard. At this juncture of affairs my grand- 
 father, Mr. Andrew Hodge, died, and my father then determined to 
 resume his profession, and was married in 1790 by the Eev. Dr. 
 Ashbel Green. My father was then about thirty-five years of age, 
 and my mother twenty-five. They went to housekeeping in Water 
 Street, below Eace, next door south of Mr. Henry Pratt's house 
 and stores. My grandfather, Andrew Hodge, owned three buildings 
 on the east side of Water Street, bounded on the east by what is now 
 termed Delaware Avenue. The wharf and dock in the rear of the houses 
 were also in his possession, and went by his name until near 1840. 
 The most southern of the three houses my grandfather and grand- 
 mother lived and died in, and by his will my grandfather left it 
 to his son Andrew. The northern house, which my father lived in, 
 was owned by Captain James Hodge, his brother. The building 
 between was a large store, and became the property of my father. 
 My uncle Andrew occupied the family house after the death of his 
 father Andrew. At this time Philadelphia was very small, and a 
 large number of wealthy and influential families still had their resi- 
 dences in Water Street, which was narrow and in every way dis- 
 agreeable. 
 
 My father was very much favored, and soon obtained a most 
 excellent practice. I have often heard my aunt Mary Hodgdon 
 speak of his fine appearance and pleasant manners, so that he became 
 a favorite with his patients, many of whom were members of the 
 Society of Friends, then so numerous in Philadelphia. .The late 
 Mr. Thomas Biddle, who died a few years ago, confirmed this account 
 to me, saying that he had a strong recollection of my grandfather as 
 well as of my family. In 1866 I had the pleasure of meeting Mr. Jona- 
 than Meredith, whose early life was passed in Philadelphia, but who 
 lived later in Baltimore, where he died in February of this year (1872) 
 at the age of eighty-nine. He al>50 had a distinct remembrance of my 
 father, who was family physician to his parents then residing in this 
 city. He often trundled his hoop as he carried messages to my father's 
 ofiice. 
 
 In 1791 my mother's first child was born. It was a daughter, and 
 was called Elizabeth. She was a healthy, promising child, but was 
 suddenly taken sick in August, 1793. The s}anptoms of her disease 
 were novel and peculiar ; so much so indeed that Dr. Benjamin Eush, 
 who was called in consultation, thought it might be hydrocephalus. It 
 proved, however, to be yellow fever, of which she became the first 
 
22 FAMILY HISTOHY AND llEMINISCEXCES. 
 
 victim in the terrible epidemic which then commenced in this city. 
 Various suggestions have been made as to the origin of the pestilence. 
 It may be well, therefore, to state that my mother has told me that 
 the children of different families were accustomed to play in a store 
 belonging to Colonel Hodgdon on the wharf, a few doors south of 
 our residence. At this wharf a vessel had lately arrived from the 
 West Indies, and had discharged upon the premises a large quantity 
 of damaged coffee, the effluvia of which was very unpleasant. The 
 disease spread in every direction. My sister's nurse, a hand- 
 some, healthy young girl from Wilmington, died. My father 
 and mother did not take it immediately, but subsequently had it in 
 a moderate degree. Indeed very few families escaped entirely, and 
 very many valuable members of society perished; among others Dr. 
 Hutchinson, a friend of my father's, and grandfather of the present 
 Dr. Hutchinson, of Philadelphia. My father had seen the so-called 
 yellow fever in the West Indies, but thought that the disease in 
 Philadelphia was of a different type. This was the opinion also of 
 the late Dr. Mongez, a French physician, who practiced in San 
 Domingo, in the West Indies, but succeeded in escaping from the 
 terrible massacre of the white inliabitants there, and arrived with his 
 friends, Drs. La Eoche and Matthews, about the middle of the 
 epidemic in 1793. Dr. Mongez told me very emphatically that he 
 never saw yellow fever in San Domingo such as he observed in 
 Philadelphia. Dr. Mongez and his confreres, however, profited 
 much by their reputation of having seen very much of the disease. 
 My mother has informed me that in some highly inflammatory cases 
 my father had employed the lancet prior to any of his contemporaries, 
 and before Dr. Push had recommended this agent. It is well known 
 that Dr. Rush l)ecame the great advocate for the lancet in almost 
 every period. He became famous also for his powders, consisting of 
 ten grains of calomel and ten grains of powdered jalap, which was 
 so frequently given that they received the cognomen of Dr. Rush's 
 "ten pound ten." 
 
 My mother's second child, Mar}^, was born in 1792, and her 
 third child, Hugh, in 1794. Wlien the latter was about a year old, my 
 mother, after an absence of many years, paid a visit to her home in 
 Boston. Unfortunately, Mary was soon afterwards taken sick with 
 the measles. Of this circumstance she was informed by an excellent 
 letter written by my father. She immediately left Boston in the mail 
 stage, and after travelling three days and three nights, arrived at 
 
FAMILY PIISTORY AND KEillNISCEXCES. 23 
 
 her home, to find, not only that ]\Iary was dead, bnt that Hugh also had 
 died of measles, so that she was again childless.* 
 
 My father's health also was beginning to suffer, for, although not 
 disabled, he had frequent bilious attacks with s3^mptoms of jaundice. 
 Still, however, he pursued his avocations, although with less spirit 
 and energy on account of the debilitating infiuence of these com- 
 plaints. 
 
 Their fourth child, Hugh Lenox, was born on the 27th of June, 
 1796. The next year my father was persuaded to move from Water 
 Street, which since the fever of 1793 had become deserted and given 
 up to business purposes. He took a house on Arch Street, above 
 Fourth, which belonged to Mr. Thos. Stewartson, who was his next door 
 neighbor on the east. The house was the third door from Christ 
 Church burying-ground. The most easterly house was occupied by 
 Mr. Sansoni and the next by Dr. Magaw, an elderly clergyman of 
 the Episcopal Church, and at that time quite an invalid. With these 
 families we became intimately associated, and of my early days in that 
 neighborhood I have pleasant recollections. Two doors to the east of 
 us lived also Mr. Edward Thompson and his wife, with whom also 
 an intimacy ensued, and they were very kind to me. Mr. Thompson 
 became a wealthy tea merchant. He was the father of John Thompson 
 and of Mrs. Joseph Xorris and Miss Addie Thompson; both of these 
 daughters being now living. The eldest son died in early manhoorl. 
 John, who married a Miss Stockton, in Princeton, became a Senator 
 of the United States from Xew Jersey. He died a few years ago. 
 
 Directly opposite to us on Arch Street lived Samuel Hazard and 
 his wife, who were intimate friends of our family. Mr. Hazard was 
 an excellent and influential man, and given up to literary pursuits. 
 He was an elder in the Second Presbyterian Church. His daugh- 
 ter, Betsy, married a Mr. A^ermilye, afterwards the Eev, Mr. 
 Vermilye, the associate pastor of the Eeformed Dutch Church, in 
 New York. Samuel Hazard, the eldest son, died in Germantown, in 
 
 '-Gi the death of this child there is an aUusion in a letter which Mrs. Blanchard 
 writcp to her sister, Mary's mother, dated Wenham, October, 1815. Speaking of the 
 less of her own daughter, Lucy, she says:— "I used to tell her of what you were 
 called on to sufffer, and a kind of sympathetic scene occurred while here we passed 
 those sultry days which seemed to Increase your gloom. Lucy was sporting before 
 us, and, as was her wont, recalled the parting looks of your little Mary. You said 
 that, when you were setting out, she followed you to the door, and, though not used 
 to cry at parting, and not aware of so long an absence, yet so it was that the tears 
 came into her eyes as she stood in the passage holding the little clean slip which to 
 her, and to her cousin Lucy, was a cure for common sorrows. I often related this tender 
 scene, even while we supposed your children were living, and, having heard of the 
 sad event, I thought your cup must be full of bitterness." 
 
24 TAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 his eight3--sixth jear. His second son, Erskine Hazard, was a partner 
 of Mr. "\Miite, and they were pioneers in the coal business; being the 
 first to open the coal mines in Mauch Chunk. Erskine Hazard died 
 some years ago. His widow still lives in the city, and there is a 
 son, who is engaged in the iron business. 
 
 ^ly brother, Charles Hodge, was born December 27th, 1797. Old 
 Mrs. Hannah Hodge always inquired for that strange-named child, 
 Charles, as it was a new name in the family record. 
 
 My father's health continued to decline, and the following June, 
 1798, he became seriously ill, and on the 14th of July, after great 
 suffering, he died. His death was chiefl}^ owing to inflammation and 
 spasms, excited by biliary calculi. My mother was thus left a widow 
 with two infant children and with small resources. Colonel Hodgdon 
 became the administrator of my father's propertj^ which, however, 
 amounted to little more than a few professional fees. 
 
 By my grandfather's will my father. Dr. Hodge, was virtually 
 entitled to the income from the store on Water Street, one-third of the 
 proceeds of the wharf and one-third of the country residence on Mud 
 Lane, now Montgomery Avenue, and also one-third, or one-half, of the 
 house and grounds on Frankford Turnpike, not far from the toll-gate. 
 The management of this property was in the hands chiefly of the 
 administrator, Colonel Hodgdon, but part of it was in the hands of my 
 uncle, Mr. Andrew Hodge. The property in the country brought no 
 income of any consequence. The rent of the stores and wharf 
 amounted to a moderate sum at the time of the death of my father, 
 and for a few years afterwards, until the commencement of the 
 troubles with Great Britain, when they were diminished, and in time 
 destroyed, by the non-intercourse and embargo laws, and afterwards 
 by the War of 1812. The flrst year after my father's death his 
 widow remained at housekeeping, but was fortunate in having the 
 assistance and companionship of two young ladies, nieces of my 
 father. Miss Margaret Bayard, afterwards Mrs. Harrison Smith, of 
 Washington, and Miss Anna Maria Bayard, afterwards Mrs. Samuel 
 Boyd, of New York. 
 
 Mother later rented the front room in the second story of her house 
 to the Eev. Jacob J. Janeway, then lately installed as collegiate pastor 
 of the Second Presbyterian Church with Dr. Green. In the fall of 
 1799 my mother sold most of her furniture, and my uncle, Mr. 
 Andrew Hodge, with his wife and children, took possession of the 
 house, my iiiotlicr reserving the front room in the third story for 
 
FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 25 
 
 herself and her boys. This arrangement continued very satisfactorily 
 until the fall of 1803; the previous winter of 1802-03 having 
 been passed in Norfolk, Va., with our uncle Thomas Blanchard, 
 and the summer at Wenham, Mass., with our uncle, Mr. Samuel 
 Blanchard. On her return mother took a house at the north- 
 west corner of Eighth and Arch Streets. The building ?till remains, 
 although converted into a grocery store. This winter, or the winter 
 succeeding, mother received as an inmate our cousin, Jane Bayard, 
 the only daughter of John Murray Bayard, and afterwards wife of 
 Dr. Alexander Stevens, of New York. At this time we boys began to 
 go to school, first to a school for boys and girls; and somewhat later 
 I went to a school taught by a Mr. Getty, on the north side of Arch 
 Street, between Front and Second Streets. I have a vivid recollec- 
 tion of breasting many a northwest wind, and often a northeast storm 
 in my trips to school twice a day. My mother, although thus devoted 
 to the support and education of her children, became interested in 
 the welfare of others. She, with the first Mrs. Robert Smith, daughter 
 of Mrs. Ehea, and Miss Olivia Sproat, the daughter of old Dr. Sproat, 
 pastor of the Second Presb5i;erian Church, were among the founders 
 of one of the earliest benevolent institutions of this city, institutions 
 which have since so greatly multiplied. The society was termed the 
 ^'^Female Association," for the relief of widows and single women in 
 reduced circumstances, of whom there are always a great number; the 
 death of friends and relatives leaving them, after lives of comfort, 
 with slender means of support. My mother was very zealous in this 
 work, taking an active part in every effort. One of these efforts I 
 remember well, when she insisted upon having a small building 
 arranged for making soup upon a large scale, where also groceries 
 and other necessary articles were collected at wholesale prices and sold 
 at cost, or distributed freely to the destitute. My mother often per- 
 sonally attended to the distribution of these provisions. I remember 
 trudging with her through snow-paths many squares to this building, 
 which was imperfectly warmed, to spend an hour or two in these 
 useful and self-denying labors. 
 
 This society has adopted other measures since that time, and now 
 labors on, after seventy-three years of good works, a benevolent and 
 successful enterprise ; all of the founders having gone to their reward. 
 
 In 1805 my mother moved to No. 22 Sansom Street, half-way 
 between Seventh and Eighth, on the south side, a house recently 
 built. It was a very comfortable and pleasant dwelling, with a 
 
2B FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 southern exposure to tlie yard, and with a row of poplar trees 
 intervening between the houses in Sansom Street and those in Walnut 
 Street. The yard was a convenient one, and my mother adorned 
 it with grass and flowers. The house, with its office front, was built 
 in what is now considered an old-fashioned manner. There was one 
 stair-case, running up between the front and l)ack rooms, so that all 
 the rooms in the house, except the front parlor, occupied the whole 
 width of the house. There was a basement kitchen and a cellar. In 
 this home several happy years were spent. 
 
 I commenced my classical studies at the Grammar School of the 
 University of Pennsylvania, under the care of ]\Ir. Thompson, who 
 had for his assistant the Rev. Mr. Wylie, afterwards a doctor of 
 divinity and a professor of languages. Mr. Thompson was also him- 
 self advanced in time to the dignity of a professor's chair. The 
 school was held in a large and handsome building, which had been 
 erected for President Washingion by the State of Pennsylvania during 
 the sessions of Congress in Philadelphia. The President, however, 
 never occupied the house, for the reason that, before its completion, the 
 seat of government was moved to Washington in the District of 
 Columbia. The site of this building is the same as that now occupied 
 by the University buildings on Ninth Street, below Market. This 
 was an interesting portion of my life, for I was not only imbibing 
 the first rudiments of classical learning, but forming those intimate 
 associations with other boys, which often tend for weal or woe in 
 after-life. Providentially my associates were pleasant, and many of 
 my boyish companions have since occupied some of the highest stations 
 in the professions, and also in the government of the country. I may 
 mention among the acquaintances which have been perpetuated for 
 years those formed with the Hopkinsons, Darrachs, Biddies, Merediths, 
 Ingersolls, Hays, Gratz, Lewises, et al. A large number of these are 
 dead. Some, however, still survive, and have passed their three-score 
 years and ten. My brother Charles went to school to a Mr. Johnson, 
 a very bright, social and enthusiastic Englishman, who made the boys 
 regard him as a friend and companion rather than simply as a pre- 
 ceptor. My brother was a great favorite with him. He contracted, 
 as was his uniform custom throughout life, intimate friendships. 
 Among others whom he made his friends at this time were Mont- 
 gomery Dale, Polx-rt Griffith, brother of the present Mr. Edward 
 Coleman, and Louis Turnbull, afterwards Chief Engineer of the 
 United States Military Burea\i, and serving with General Scott in the 
 
FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 27 
 
 Mexican War. I also became intimate with these same young men, 
 as well as their teacher, Mr. Johnson. When we were still quite 
 young Mr. Johnson obtained permission to take several of us on an 
 excursion in the summer season to Baltimore and Washington. Such 
 an expedition was to any one a great exertion in those days when 
 there were no canals and no railroads. We left Philadelphia in a sloop 
 for Xew Castle and then crossed the Delaware isthmus to Elkton on 
 the Chesapeake. Thence we went by vessel to Baltimore; a journey 
 which consumed no Httle time. Baltimore was then very small, 
 occupying merely what is now called Lower Baltimore, and consisted 
 only of a few narrow streets on the Bay. All the top of the hill, 
 now ornamented by beautiful houses and a fine monument commemor- 
 ating the repulse of the British, was a handsome park owned by Mr. 
 Howard. Washington was then quite new as a city, and it was a 
 dreary place, notwithstanding the existence of the White House and 
 the first Capitol, which was destroyed by British soldiers. A few 
 small brick houses on broad avenues remain impressed on my memory. 
 I paid a visit to my cousin, Mrs. Harrison Smith, who had been 
 married and had lived in Washington since 1800 ; her husband being 
 the founder and editor of the National IntelUgeiicer. 
 
 My mother, on moving to Sansom Street, to assist her income, took 
 as inmates Mrs. Ehea, and also her daughter, Mrs. Higginson. Mrs. 
 Ehea was then quite old. She was the mother of the first Mrs. Eobert 
 Smith, to whom we have above alluded. Mrs. Ehea's daughter, who 
 had married a Mr. Higginson, of Boston, was now a widow, devoting 
 herself to the care of her aged parent. She was remarkably cheerful 
 and pleasant as a companion, and very intelligent. As she had 
 many friends in Boston, my mother and she had common sympathies 
 and acquaintances; hence our home was very pleasant, and probably 
 the happiest portion of my mother's life were those few years spent 
 in Sansom Street, where she had much social intercourse and many 
 excellent friends, Avhose number was enlarged by her connection with 
 the Female Association, the members of which met often at our 
 house. The secretary of the association at this time .was Miss Gratz, 
 then a young lady, a Jewess, who always lived in strict conformity to 
 her profession, but who, nevertheless associated intimately with her 
 Christian friends. She became, afterwards, I think, the first secretary 
 of the Philadelphia Orphan Asylum, a position which she retained 
 for nearly fifty years. She was exceedingly dignified in her carriage 
 and deportment, very cultivated and refined, and, of course, very 
 
28 FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 much respected and beloved. She lived until about two years ago, a 
 single lady, and died at the advanced age of eighty-six or eighty-seven 
 3^ears. 
 
 About a year after we were established in Sansom Street, a 
 Miss Faires, another friend of my mother's, contributed much to the 
 social company, as she was very cheerful and pleasant, and had many 
 acquaintances. She was not young; nevertheless she attracted the 
 attention of my mother's excellent friend, Mr. Eobert Smith, who 
 had been a second time left a widower. The courtship went on very 
 easily, and even to us boys was quite amusing. Two of Mr. Smith's 
 young daughters often paid visits to their father. The eldest was 
 Mary, who still lives in Clinton Street, unmarried. The other was 
 Ellen, the second wife of Mr. Griffith. She died in 1870. Her husband 
 still lives in Clinton Street. The consummation by marriage of this 
 intimacy between Mr. Smith and Miss Faires occurred in December, 
 1807. They were married in the front room of the second story of 
 our house, whicli had been retained as a parlor and drawing-room. 
 This was the first wedding which I ever witnessed. The parties drove 
 off in a snow-storm to the residence of the bride's husband, a large, 
 handsome house in Front Street, below Walnut. 
 
 We boys were now growing rapidly, and it was time for my brother 
 to commence his classical studies, and to leave his friend and teacher, 
 Mr. Johnson. The question became a subject of much anxiety to my 
 mother how she could carr}^ on our education, especially as the income 
 from our grandfather's estate had now become very trifling owing to 
 the disturbance of our intercourse with England. Having heard of 
 a good school in Somerville, IST. J., where board and tuition were 
 moderate, she accepted an invitation from our excellent friend and 
 cousin, Mr. John M. Bayard, the father of my cousin, Jane Bayard, 
 to visit him and his wife at their place on the Millstone Eiver, N. J., 
 four miles from Somerville. She left home during some pleasant 
 days in March, 1810, and had to travel the whole way by stage. This 
 was in itself fatiguing, but unfortunately a severe frost ensued before 
 her return, and the roads were exceedingly rough, so that the journey 
 proved too severe for her. She became seriously ill; and, as her 
 complaint was supposed to be of an hepatic character, she took 
 mercury, as was then customary, by the direction of Dr. Wistar, to 
 insure salivation. Tliis sickness was a very serious event for her, 
 occurring, as it did, at this particular crisis of our affairs. She 
 slowly recovered, but her health had been impaired. She managed, 
 
FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 29 
 
 however^, to get her boys ready for school, and we were sent, for 
 the first time in our lives, away from the superintendence of our 
 devoted parent. I was hardly fourteen, and my brother was nearly 
 twelve. We left early in May by the "Swift Sure" mail coach run- 
 ning to New York. This coach usually occupied one day in getting 
 to Somerville, IST. J., where the New York passengers spent the night, 
 hoping to reach their destination by supper-time the next day. We 
 were detained, however, by a severe storm, and did not arrive 
 at Somerville until the next morning. May 10th, 1810. After our 
 departure mother gradually recovered her health, and soon broke up 
 housekeeping. The following summer she, with our cousin, Mrs. 
 Andrew Bayard, passed through Somerville on her way to Schooley's 
 Mountain, hoping by this change of air to renovate her strength. 
 Mother afterwards returned and spent some weeks with us, boarding 
 at a small hotel, kept by Mr. Meldrum. His daughter. Miss Meldrum, 
 was very attentive to our mother, and very kind to us children. 
 Mother returned to Philadelphia for the winter, and there took 
 private lodgings. She again visited us in the summer of 1811, and 
 spent some time at ]\Ir. Bayard's at Millstone. 
 
 She had the supreme gratification of living long enough to see 
 both of her children married and settled in their several professions, 
 in which they occupy important stations. The younger son, Charles, 
 entered the theological seminary at Princeton about four years after 
 its foundation, and in 1821 was ordained a minister of the Gospel. 
 In 1820 he was appointed an instructor in the seminary. In 
 1822, when little more than twenty-four j^ears of age, he was 
 appointed, by the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church, a 
 professor in the same institution, as colleague of Dr. Archibald 
 Alexander and of Samuel Miller, his former teachers; men who were 
 among the most honored clergymen of the Presbyterian Church. 
 This position he has ever since occupied with great credit to himself 
 and usefulness to the seminary and the Church. 
 
 Hugh Lenox, the elder son, was born June 27th, 1796, General 
 Washington being President of United States at the time. Soon 
 after his birth his parents moved from the bank of the Delaware 
 to the south side of Arch Street, between Fourth and Fifth, and the 
 third door east of Christ Church burying-ground. This was in 1797. 
 In July, 1798, the family were still residing in this house; Mrs. 
 Hodge having had for her companion during the winter Miss Margaret 
 Bayard, afterwards Mrs. Samuel Harrison Smith, and also Miss Maria 
 
30 FAMILY HISTORY AND EEMINISCEXCES. 
 
 Bayard, afterwards Mrs. Samuel Boyd, of New York. Dr. Jacob 
 J. Janeway had recently been elected co-pastor of the Second Presby- 
 terian Church as the associate of Dr. Ashbel Green, and he occupied 
 one room of the Hodge house as his study. The following year Mr. 
 Andrew Hodge moved into the house; my mother and the children 
 oecup3dng the front room in the third story. In December, 1802, 
 Mr. Thomas Blanchard, my mother's brother, took our family to 
 spend the winter at Norfolk, Va., where he was living, having married 
 a Miss Amy Newton, a sister of George Newton, afterwards President 
 of the United States Branch Bank, and of Thomas Newton, for 
 many years a representative of that district in Congress. My mother 
 returned to Philadelphia the folloAving season, and then took us to 
 Salem, Mass., for a visit. Her brother, Mr. Samuel Blanchard, who 
 married a niece of Timothy Pickering, at one time Secretary of State 
 under Washington, resided on a small estate at Wenham. This 
 was in 1803. Soon after our return to Philadelphia my mother took 
 the house, still standing in 1872, at the northwest corner of Eighth 
 and Arch Streets. She then had for inmate Miss Jane Bayard, the 
 only child of John Murray Bayard and Margaret Bayard. She had 
 come to Philadelphia to complete her education at the then cele- 
 ])rated school for young ladies, taught by Mr. Samuel Jaudon, who 
 was an elder in the Second Presbyterian Church. This young lady 
 afterwards, in 1814, became the wife of Dr. Alexander H. Stevens, 
 of New York, for a long time one of the most distinguished surgeons 
 of that city. 
 
 From the first introduction of my brother and myself to cousin 
 Jane Bayard to the time of her decease we were always treated by 
 her in the most sisterly manner. My school da3^s now commenced. 
 My first introduction was- to a school for girls and boys, where my 
 cousins, Miss Sally Bayard and Miss Elizabeth Bayard, went. Soon 
 afterwards I went to a school for boys, taught by a Mr. Getty, between 
 Second and Third Streets. In 1806 or 1807 we moved to No. 22 
 Sansom Street, on tlie south side, between Seventh and Eighth. My 
 mother had living with her a friend, Mrs. Ehea, Mrs. Susan Higgin- 
 son, and lier widowed daughter, afterwards Mrs. Thomas Atley. Soon 
 afterwards Miss Faires also came to live with us, but in a short time 
 she was married to Mr. E, Smith, then a wealthy merchant in Front 
 Street, and an elder in the Second Presbyterian Church. 
 
 After we took up our sojourn in Sansom Street I attended, as I 
 have already stated, the classical school of Mr. Thompson in the acade- 
 my of the University of Pennsylvania. 
 
FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 31 
 
 In the spring of 1810 my mother determined for many reasons, 
 chiefly prudential, and largely in view of the fact that her health had 
 become considerably impaired, to break up her establishment and place 
 us boys at an academy in Somerville, N. J. The village was on high 
 ground, very healthy, and on the line of the "Swift and Sure Mail 
 Coach Line" to ISTew York, and near the confluence of the Millstone 
 and Earitan Eivers, about ten or twelve miles west of New Brunswick. 
 
 A letter written in 1810 by Mr. Frederick Blanchard, Mrs. Hodge's 
 nephew, speaks of going to Somerville to see the boys. "My choice 
 of the Swift Sure Mail Line of stages for the purpose of seeing your 
 boys in Somerville cost me much fatigue and some delay. The country 
 was inundated l)y the rain and all the bridges carried away and the 
 woods destroyed, so that it was not until the end of the third day 
 after leaving Philadelphia that with much exertion and every kind of 
 conveyance, ox-cart, horse and wagon, etc., that I reached New York. 
 I had only a few moments to pass with them. I could only judge of 
 their personal appearance and first address, and with these, I can 
 say with much sincerity, I was extremely pleased, beyond even what I 
 expected. They were not less pleased with the letter I brought them. 
 I left New York on Sunday, and arrived in Boston on Tuesday." The 
 school in Somerville was taught by the Eev. Mr. Boyer, a gentleman 
 of some reputation as a teacher, very kind to the boys, and having the 
 happy faculty of interesting them in their studies. I now for the 
 first time felt the importance of mental improvement. It was indeed 
 at this time that I made up my mind that I must either study or 
 starve, and in this frame of mind I entered seriously upon the study 
 of the classics. Our social relations were very pleasant. We boarded 
 with a Mr. and Mrs. Vandeveer, a very excellent and respectable fam- 
 ily. Mrs. Vandeveer was a sister of Mr. Theodore Frelinghuysen, 
 afterwards the distinguished Senator from New Jersey, and President 
 of the New York Bible Society. In the fall of 1810 our domicile was 
 changed, and we boarded with Dr. Stryker, then the leading physician 
 of the place. He occupied the position of Brigadier General of 
 Militia, and became a Senator in the Legislature of New Jersey. He 
 lived to be ninety years of age. His family consisted of a wife and 
 several daughters, with whom our intercourse was very agreeable, 
 forming the subject of pleasing reminiscences even to the present day. 
 Many intimate friends were also made in this school, with whom 
 intercourse was continued for many years at Nassau Hall, Princeton. 
 I finished my course of study in the fall of 1811, at fifteen years of 
 
33 FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 age. It became necessary that I should have further advantages pre- 
 paratory to my entering college. My brother remained at Somerville 
 and I went to Xew Brunswick to secure private instruction in mathe- 
 matics from Prof. Adraine of Eutgers College, IST. J., then called 
 Queen's College. Prof. Adraine was a gentleman of great reputation. 
 I was kindly received and aifectionately entertained by Judge Kirk- 
 patrick, then Chief Justice of New Jersey. The family consisted of 
 three daughters and two sons. The only survivor is Mary Ann, the 
 widow of the Eev. Dr. Howe, of New Brunswick. Miss Fanny Mar- 
 tell, a French lady from the West Indies, was also an inmate of the 
 Judge's house and a teacher to the children. I also took lessons in 
 the French language from her. I was happy, although I sorely missed 
 my brother; it being the first time we two boys were ever separated. 
 The winter passed pleasantly and usefully and I was to enter col- 
 lege in the spring of 1812. My mother's health being somewhat re- 
 stored she took a house in Witherspoon Street, Princeton, directly op- 
 posite to the college, and, in order to give her children the advantages 
 of a collegiate course, she took into her family four additional boys, 
 all of them being relatives and connections. They were our cousin, 
 Alexander Hodgdon, of Philadelphia; Nicholas Bayard, son of Dr. N. 
 Bayard, of New York, my cousin, and two Masters Ward, stepsons of Mr. 
 N. Ba3'ard, who had settled in Savannah, and married Mrs. W.,a widow 
 who was connected with the Macintosh family of Virginia. This ar- 
 rangement lasted for a year, when the Ward boys returned home to 
 Georgia, Alexander Hodgdon to his father's house in Philadelphia to 
 pursue mercantile business, while Mr. N. Bayard took rooms in the 
 college dormitory. Their places in the house were then occupied by 
 Mrs. William Bache, the widow of Dr. Bache and sister of Caspar 
 Wistar; the latter a distinguished professor in the University of 
 Pennsylvania and President of the American Philosophical Society. 
 At this time Mrs. Bache had three children, Sarah, Benjamin Frank- 
 line, and Catherine. Sarah was about fourteen or fifteen years of age, 
 well-grown and handsome, full of imagination and exceedingly en- 
 thusiastic, taking the deepest interest in everything which happened 
 to occupy her attention, and becoming therefore a most agreeable 
 companion. No wonder, therefore, that she attracted the attention 
 and love of my brother Charles, young as he was. The result was that 
 nine years afterwards they were married by the Eight Eeverend Wil- 
 liam ^\Tlite, Bishop of Pennsylvania, the first bishop of the United 
 Colonies. Mrs. Bache's son, Benjamin Franklin, so named for his 
 
FAMILY HISTORY AND llEMINISCEXCES, 33 
 
 great-grandfather, Benjamin Franklin, philosopher and politician, 
 was then, in 1813, about twelve years of age, a boy of much talent 
 and great peculiarities. He was put to a grammar-school and entered 
 college. There, however, he was much dissatisfied. Under these cir- 
 cumstances he allowed himself to be persuaded, although not without 
 a good deal of remonstrance, to take a long voyage at sea before the 
 mast. On his return he was found very willing to become a student 
 and return to college. After graduating he studied medicine and 
 became a surgeon in the United States Navy, where he obtained great 
 influence, and was gradually promoted to the highest post. He was 
 finally placed in the Navy Yard in New York. He had always mani- 
 fested a great devotion to practical chemistry and pharmacy; and 
 hence under the patronage of the government he established a very 
 large laboratory at Williamsburg, where were made all the phar- 
 maceutical preparations of the United States Navy. The excellence 
 of the preparations, and the pecuniary saving to the government, were 
 so apparent that during the late Civil War their distribution was 
 extended to the Army. Although upon the retired list in 1871 he 
 still exerts a great influence at his home in Brooklyn. 
 
 The third child, Catherine, was only seven years of age. She was 
 then in delicate health, and has been much of an invalid during the 
 whole of her life. She never married. Her home is in Philadelphia, 
 where she lives in the enjoyment of many attentions from her relatives. 
 My mother was thus estabhshed with her children in the classical 
 town of Princeton. My brother entered the preparatory school of 
 Mr. Fyler, where he remained six months under this most excellent in- 
 structor, and was able to enter the sophomore class of the college in Sep- 
 tember, 1812. I entered the sophomore class May, 1812, after due exami- 
 nation, at the commencement of the second term. The president of the 
 . college at that time was the Eev. Stanhope Smith, D.D. He was a son- 
 in-law of the celebrated John Witherspoon, who was his predecessor 
 in office and a signer of the Declaration of Independence. Dr. Smith 
 was always celebrated for his fine appearance, his refinement of man- 
 ners, his talents and acquirements, and his chaste and fervid eloquence. 
 At the time of our entering college he was old and infirm; yet his 
 appearance was very venerable, and his instructions exceedingly im- 
 pressive and valuable. I shall always remember his lectures, or 
 rather, as they may be called, conversations, on the principles of moral 
 philosophy. 
 
 College boj's, it may be said, were just like those of the present da}^ 
 3 
 
J4 FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES, 
 
 I was now commeucing a new life, with new objects in view, all of 
 an intellectual and scientific character, with new associates who had 
 been gathered from all parts of our Union, especially from the South- 
 ern States. With many of these stu(Jents I formed intimate friend- 
 ships; as with ]\Ir. Walker from Georgia, Mr. Barrow from Missis- 
 sippi, and William and Eobert Dunbar from the same State. 
 One of my intimates was William M. Atkinson from Petersburg, Va. 
 He was educated as a lawyer, but subsequently became a Presbyterian 
 clergyman. He had a brother, the Eev. John Atkinson, who was 
 also a Presbyterian clergyman. Another brother was Bishop Atkin- 
 son of the diocese of North Carolina. My other Virginia friends were 
 Henry Carringion, afterwards General Carrington, and Jno. B. 
 Dabney, a young man already at that time displaying much in- 
 tellectual power and cultivation. He afterwards became a judge of 
 the Virginia Court. These are all dead. The pleasure of my as- 
 sociation with these gentlemen was enhanced by the fact that they 
 were all members of the American Whig Society of the (College; a 
 society which has always contributed greatly to the intellectual devel- 
 opment of the niembers and to the formation of liberal ideas. 
 
 If I became a hard student it was due to a realization of my oy\'n 
 deficiencies and inexperience, and to the fact that my ambition was 
 excited to obtain a high position in my class ; a feeling which must be 
 ascribed in a large degree doubtless to the wish I cherished to satisfy 
 my thirst for knowledge, but also largely to a desire to please my 
 mother who had made such great and painful sacrifices for her cliil- 
 dren. I was also stimulated by a sense of necessity. I took com- 
 paratively but little exercise. My studies were pursued in my bed- 
 room, which was in the attic of a two-story house. Others slept in 
 the same room, and there was no proper ventilation. A small sheet- 
 iron stove warmed me, and my only light was from the burning of a 
 small oil-lamp with a single wick, Avhich served to contaminate the 
 air, already vitiated by the respirations of several people. It was 
 indeed often the "midnight oil" that was expended, even to a later 
 ho\ir, into the watches of the night. Although this was for a long 
 time borne with impunity, still the natural result, as will appear here- 
 after, showed itself in the inevitable deterioration of health. 
 
 The summer passed away usefully and pleasantly. The fall of 
 1812, however, brought great changes to Princeton. The resignation 
 of the venerable and beloved Stanhope Smith was accepted by the 
 trustees, who a})poiiited as his successor the Eev. Ashbel Green, D.D., 
 
FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 35 
 
 who had been for some twenty-five years pastor of the Second Presby- 
 terian Church in Philadelphia. To me this was a gi-eat event, as 
 Dr. Green had been the untiring religious instructor of my youth. He 
 married my parents and baptized their children; and now we boys, 
 after a separation of only two years, were again happily placed under 
 his surveillance. 
 
 This autumn was also memorable in the establishment of the first 
 theological seminary of the Presbyterian Church in America. At a 
 meeting of the General Assembly in the May previous it was resolved 
 to establish the institution as something absolutely necessary for the 
 interests of religion in this branch of the Church. The Assembly de- 
 termined that it should be located at Princeton, and elected Dr. Archi- 
 bald Alexander as its first, and for a time its only, professor. The 
 Rev. Samuel Miller, D.D., was, however, soon afterwards appointed 
 as his colleague. 
 
 As no building had been provided theological students resided in 
 the college, where their influence proved most advantageous over the 
 minds and conduct of the students. They not only administered to 
 their moral and religious education, but won their esteem and affec- 
 tion by assiduously waiting upon them during their hours of sickness 
 and suffering throughout an epidemic of dysentery. 
 
 In the manner already related I passed my junior and senior years 
 at college with great advantage, making constant and increasing pro- 
 gress in the various subjects of literature and science which were suc- 
 cessively presented to my mind. At length the final examination came 
 on, always the time of varied interest and excitement to most members 
 of the class who aspire to any distinction, and even to those who had 
 no such aspirations, especially as they might belong to either the 
 American ^Vliig or Cliosophic Society, the rival literary institutions 
 of the college. 
 
 The arrangement for ascertaining the relative standing of each 
 candidate was in those days by no means so precise as at present. No 
 wonder therefore the faculty had difficulty to determine who was 
 entitled to the first honor. In fact, they were so embarrassed that 
 they made no decision, but very politely gave the coveted position to 
 no less than four young men, leaving it thus to the pleasure of the 
 candidates and their friends to determine who really deserved the 
 honor. The recipients of the first honor, under these circumstances, 
 were Mr. Saunders, afterwards a clerg}mian; Mr. Jno. B. Dabney, 
 afterwards a judge; Hugh L. Hodge, subsequently a medical profes- 
 
36 FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 sor, and Bloomfield Mcllvaine, who entered the legal profession, was 
 married, and had every prospect of taking the highest position in law, 
 but in a few short years died of an acute disease. He was a brother 
 of Bishop ]\lcllvaine of the diocese of Ohio. Mr. Saunders delivered 
 the Latin Salutatory Oration. I spoke upon the subject of Moral 
 Science, and Mr. Mcllvaine delivered a very eloquent Valedictory, 
 which procured much admiration. During the delivery of Mr. Mc- 
 Ilvaine's oration an incident occurred which I cannot help recording 
 as connected with one of the great characters of our country, and as 
 exhibiting the character of the youthful speaker in a very creditable 
 light, proving him to be both ready in conception and happy in exe- 
 cution. 
 
 Our commencement was held towards the close of the War of 1812 
 with Great Britain, and soon after the decisive victories of Lundy 
 Lane and Chippewa. The hero of these battles was Col. Winfield 
 Scott ; at the time of the commencement Brigadier General. He was 
 seriously wounded in the shoulder in one of these engagements, and, 
 being thus upon the wounded list, was making slow journeys from 
 the lakes to his home in Virginia. He had just arrived in Princeton, 
 and, although very Aveak and emaciated, he accepted an invitation to 
 sit upon the stage with the president and trustees of the college. He 
 Avas received, as he entered the building, with every demonstration of 
 enthusiasm, manifesting the gratification of the audience at the pres- 
 ence of the hero. The degrees having been conferred on the members of 
 the class, Bloomfield Mcllvaine arose to deliver the Valedictory. He 
 first addressed his fellows, then suddenly turned to General Scott and 
 directed his remarks to him in strongly complimentary style and witb 
 much eloquence and feeling. The General, as he afterwards con- 
 fessed, was more taken by surprise than if he had been attacked by a 
 whole regiment of Britishers. He attempted to rise more than once, 
 l)ut finally was forced by his strong emotions and his weakness to 
 remain quiescent. Years afterwards he informed me that few atten- 
 tions had ever given him so much and such lasting gratification. This 
 was in SeptemlKT, 1814. 
 
 Various reasons have been given wliy tlie termination of a college 
 course should be termed a commencement. The best explanation is 
 that the youth, having finished the usual curriculum of study, must 
 now commence the real business of life with all of its anxieties and 
 with all the attendant uncertainty as to the future. Hitherto he has 
 gradually been led on by others, step by step, in the constant succession 
 
FAMILY HISTORY AND KEMINISCEXCES. 37 
 
 of academic and collegiate studies, with ver}^ little thought as to their 
 bearing upon his future and as to his own character and his further 
 progress in the world. He has been acting rather as a child. !N"ow 
 he must begin the business of manhood, and must choose his profes- 
 sion and business, and be thrown upon his own talents and energy for 
 whatever success he may afterwards attain. Xow others may advise 
 and assist, but he himself must be the actor and assume the responsi- 
 bility of the action. My choice of a profession seemed to be a matter 
 of course. My father, whose name I bore, and my mother, whose 
 aims for her children were high, had long expected that I would follow 
 in his steps. Indeed, it seemed to be a necessity. I did not regard 
 myself as suited for any other profession, and business vras never in 
 accord with my taste or views. The medical profession, therefore 
 being determined upon, my mother wrote to my father's friend and 
 hers. Dr. Caspar Wistar, asldng the great favor that he would receive 
 me as a student, of course without fee or reward: she had none to 
 offer. To this proposition Dr. Wistar most kindly and readily as- 
 sented, although he had, in a degree, retired from practice, and de- 
 clined to receive any other student, thus placing me under peculiar 
 obligations, which I and my children should ever gratefully acknow- 
 ledge. 
 
 My mother remained at housekeeping at Princeton for another 
 year until my brother could complete his college course. 
 
 In November, 1814, I left in a stage coach for the city of Philadel- 
 phia. It so happened that an old chaplain of the War of the Revo- 
 lution, as well as of the War of 1812, was sitting behind me in the 
 coach, and, discovering immediately that I was to become a medical 
 student, horrified my inexperienced and sensitive nature by informing 
 me that henceforth I should be obliged to imbrue my hands and arms 
 in human blood with as little concern as if it were cat's blood. I was 
 indeed inexperienced, and, I may add, diffident and sensitive, so that 
 I shuddered at the idea of mixing with the world of men, and of 
 entering upon the business of life with all its responsibilities. 
 
 In Philadelphia a residence was provided for me by my uncle, An- 
 drew Hodge, in the old domicile on Arch Street, between Fourth and 
 Fifth Streets, where I spent a year, receiving the attention and en- 
 joying the comforts extended to me by the family, espcially by my 
 excellent aunt Nancy and her daughter, Ann, now the widow of J. 
 Austin Sands, of New York. 
 
 I immediately reported myself to Dr. Wistar. He introduced me 
 
38 FAMILY HISTORY AXD REMINISCENCES. 
 
 to Mrs. Wistar, then young and handsome, and exceedingly kind and 
 affectionate. She made me feel at once at home, and the blessing 
 which her home and her presence afforded she continued to extend 
 to me for many years afterwards until all was terminated by her death. 
 
 The lectures at the university were commencing, and I took my 
 matriculation ticket, and with it the tickets of the professors of Ana- 
 tomy and Chemistry, which Dr. Wistar thought sufficient for my first 
 year in addition to Practical Anatomy. In this last I had some privi- 
 leges, as I was admitted to the private rooms of Dr. Wistar, then 
 under the direction of Dr. Davis, who was most materially assisted 
 by Dr. Edward Shippen, a grandson of Prof. Shippen, a predecessor of 
 Dr. Wistar and one of the founders of the University of Pennsylvania. 
 
 These privileges proved very advantageous as giving me the op- 
 portunity of being present at all the preparations for the public lec- 
 tures, and I was therefore the better able to understand them when 
 dtlivered. During the interval of the lectures I was much occupied, 
 not only in study, but in various other ways, making myself useful to 
 Dr. Wistar. By his politeness also I was furnished with a ticket to 
 the Pennsylvania Hospital. This was also an advantage, as it gave 
 me personal acquaintance with the leading surgeons and physicians 
 of the hospital and of the city. Dr. Philip Syng Physick, Professor 
 of Surgery ; Dr. Dorsey, his nephew ; Dr. Thomas Hewson, Dr. Joseph 
 Parrish, and Dr. Joseph Hutchinson, were then, or soon afterwards, 
 surgeons. Dr. Parke, then quite old, and Dr. Otto and Dr. T. C. 
 James, were the physicians. In those days it was customary for 
 medical students to be bound as apprentices for five years to the 
 Pennsylvania Hosuital. The advantages were very great, as to them 
 were assigned all the duties of resident physician and apothecary, and, 
 in addition to the privileges thus enjoyed, they were furnished with 
 excellent board and lodging, and also with all the tickets necessary 
 for their instruction at the University. 
 
 There were three of such apprentices at the hospital. The youngest 
 of them was in charge of the apothecary shop and of the putting up 
 of prescriptions. The second in age was termed a dresser, and acted 
 also as librarian. To the oldest was assigned the duty of prescribing 
 for the medical and surgical wards. This last position was occupied 
 in my time by Dr. John Ehea Barton, nephew of Prof. Barton of the 
 University. He was a man of great tact and industry, who knew 
 how to profit by his advantages, and thus laid the foundation for the 
 great eminence which he afterwards enjoyed as an operative surgeon. 
 
FAMILY lilSTOEY AXD REMINISCENCES. 39 
 
 Dr. Benjamin H. Coates was dresser. He was a gentleman of a 
 peculiar type of character. He afterwards became a practitioner well 
 known for his talents and for his extensive and varied knowledge. 
 There was at the time of my attendance at the hospital a vacancy in 
 the apothecary's department, and I anxiously hoped to be sustained 
 by the patronage of Dr. Wistar and his friends and to have obtained 
 the situation, which would have been very desirable under the cir- 
 cumstances. The appointment was, however, given to Warbeck Miller, 
 a young gentleman from Alexandria of much talent and prepossessing 
 manners. I soon became intimate with him, and to his friendship 
 was much indebted for my improvement, during the time that I was 
 on duty at the hospital. His career was short. In a few years he 
 became consumptive and soon died, bringing by his death great loss 
 as well as sorrow to his friends in the profession. Although I was 
 disappointed in my hope of becoming a resident at the hospital, yet, 
 through the kindness of both Dr. Coates and Dr. Miller, I had the 
 privilege of staying several weeks at the institution during the sum- 
 mers of 1815 and 181C, acting as their substitute while they were ab- 
 sent from the city for recreation. This arrangement proved greatly 
 for my advantage. 
 
 Nothing special occurred during the winter of 1815 in a medical 
 point of view. Politically the countr}^ was electrified by the great 
 victory of General Jackson on the 8th of January of that year over 
 the veteran troops of Great Britain that had lately fought in the 
 Spanish Peninsula. The following February the delightful news of 
 peace with England came, and great were the rejoicings manifested 
 ou every hand. There were processions, the firing of musquetry, and 
 the illumination of the whole city. James Madison was President 
 at the time. 
 
 The medical students of those days had few opportunities of im- 
 provement during the intervals of lectures except in the offices of 
 their instructors, where but little was to be gained, and by walking 
 the wards of the hospital. Hence the students were often listless, 
 while the prescribing physicians and surgeons imparted very 
 little instruction, and that only on prescribinsf days, Wednes- 
 days and Saturdays. By the advice of Dr. Wistar, however, 
 I went every day; and thus became more familiar with the course of 
 duty, especially as I assisted very much in the care of the patients. 
 Dr. Wistar introduced me also to Dr. Nancrede, a young physician 
 just returned from Paris fraught with the latest teachings in that 
 
40 FAMILY HISTORY AXD EEMINISCEXCES. 
 
 capital. He was one of the vaccine pli3^sicians of Philadelphia, and, 
 as vaccination was still a novelty in our country. Dr. Wistar was 
 anxious that I should be acquainted with the phenomena attending its 
 use. Hence I went Avith Dr. Nancrede as his companion and pupil, 
 and afterwards acted as his substitute among the lanes and alleys, 
 and in the suburbs also of the city, where now houses are thickly 
 clustered. 
 
 The session of 1815-16 at the University would, under ordinary 
 circumstances, have commenced . in IsFovember. But there was no 
 teacher for the Practice of Medicine, as Dr. Barton, who had eighteen 
 months previously been elected successor to Dr. Rush, was then a 
 great invalid. His strength rapidly declined, and he died in Decem- 
 ber, I think, jSTo new appointment was made that winter, but lec- 
 tures on the Practice of Medicine were delivered by the professors in 
 addition to those of their own chairs. 
 
 Tliat winter the position of Demonstrator of Anatomy was filled 
 by a very promising young man, Mr. Bertram, who had attracted Dr. 
 "Wistar's attention by the accuracy of his anatomical knowledge. He 
 proved, however, inadequate to his important duties. The assistance 
 ably given in this department by Dr. William E. Horner made amends 
 for his deficiencies. Dr. Horner was gradiuited in 1811 and en- 
 tered the United States Army. He had just returned from the mili- 
 tary hospital near Buffalo when he came and settled in Philadelphia. 
 He was a most admirable dissector, very precise, industrious and per- 
 severing, so that he made himself a necessity to the school. 
 
 During this winter I took more tickets at the University, but still 
 did not enter upon a lull course. The summer was passed very much 
 as the previous one had been spent; except that, owing to my con- 
 nection with Dr. Nancrede, I saw some patients among the poor, and 
 occasionally ventured to prescribe. In May, 1816, Dr. Chapman, of 
 Virginia, who had l)een practising in Philadelphia for some twelve 
 years, and who had been ])rofessor of Materia Medica since 1813, was 
 translated to the vacant chair of the Institutes and Practice of Medi- 
 cine. He proved to be a brilliant and successful teacher, as he was also 
 a good practitioner. He became very popular, contributing therefore 
 greatly to the existing prosperity of the medical school. During many 
 years its reputation was at its height, supported, as it was, by such dis- 
 tinguished men as Wistar, Physick, James, and Chapman (Nat Chap- 
 man, the boys called him). 
 
 Having laid the foundation of mv medical studies T now became 
 
FAMILY HISTORY AXD REMIXISCEXCES. 41 
 
 seriously engaged in the study of the practical branches ; my views, as 
 well as my knowledge, being rapidly developed under the instruction 
 of our excellent professors. My employment during the summer of 
 1817 was so far varied that I now walked the wards of the Philadel- 
 phia Hospital, or Almshouse. The mass of buildings thus termed 
 were then on Spruce Street, and were enclosed by a high brick wall 
 extending from Tenth Street to Eleventh; there being open lots be- 
 tween the Pennsylvania Hospital and the Almshouse, which were 
 used as pasture-lots for cows. Wliat is now Clinton Street in part is 
 built on the Almshouse lots. 
 
 As I expected to be graduated in the succeeding spring, I took the 
 precaution of preparing m}' thesis during the month of August. The 
 subject was "The Digestive Process." My endeavor was, by some 
 observations and facts which I enumerated, as well as by many ap- 
 proved arguments, to sustain the idea, received from Dr. Physick, that 
 the essential part of the process of digestion was effected during the 
 progress of absorption, or, as perhaps it may be termed, endosmose. 
 
 The course of lectures for the 3'ear 1817-18 began under the hap- 
 piest auspices. The building for the medical department had been 
 greatly enlarged and improved, and the number of medical students 
 was probably never greater. A sad trial, however, awaited me, as well 
 as the school and the profession. Dr. Caspar Wistar, so long revered 
 and beloved, and whose influence had been so manifestly for the good 
 of the school, died on the 22nd of June, 1818, after a short and severe 
 attack of congestive fever. Great as was the loss to the University, 
 it was still greater to me personally, as on him alone I depended for 
 professional support and advice in the prosecution of my studies and 
 in preparation for my life-work. The future was therefore now very 
 dark to me. Six weeks after this mournful event, and after the usual 
 examinations, I was graduated as a Doctor of Medicine, in conjunc- 
 tion with many of my friends, not a few of whom survive to the present 
 moment. One of them is my excellent friend, Dr. George B. Wood, 
 from Salem, ]^. J. He had wished to become a pupil of Dr. Wistar, 
 but, as this could not be, he entered the office of Dr. Joseph Parrish, 
 a former pupil of Dr. Wistar, and at this time enjoying an extensive 
 reputation and practice. Dr. Wood and myself were always together, 
 sitting on the same l)ench, taking notes of the same lectures, belonging 
 to the same examining, or quizzing, club, and now introduced at the 
 same time to the privileges of the medical profession. The friendship, 
 thus begun, still continues to old age, and has been marked by other 
 coincidences which will hereafter be mentioned. 
 
42 FAMILY HISTORY AND REJIINISCENCES. 
 
 How I was to live, and what I was to do, were the questions which I 
 had now to solve. How was I to make the knowledge I had acquired 
 practically useful to myself and others? This was certainly a most 
 interesting and important question. I had as yet no income from our 
 grandfather's estate. The income indeed had been arrested during the 
 War of 1812, and the debts which had accumulated during our univer- 
 sity course would probably sweep away the whole of the principal. My 
 mother was still laboring for her own support and for that of her chil- 
 dren. Indeed, money had to be borrowed to pay for my last course of 
 lectures and for my graduating fees. Notwithstanding all these 
 discouragements and restrictions I had a strong desire to spend a 
 year in Europe for my professional improvement. Through the 
 kindness of my cousin, William Hodge, then a young and thriving 
 merchant in Philadelphia, a way seemed to be opened for the ac- 
 complishment of my purpose. It was suggested that I should go 
 on a voyage to Calcutta as surgeon on a merchant-vessel. This 
 was then quite a common arrangement. The necessary money 
 could be borrowed from the insurance office on what were called 
 respondentia bonds; a profit, if any, to be paid to the borrowers. 
 The deductions, however, such as insurance, interest, etc., were 
 considerable. Still, as we would have nothing to pay for com- 
 missions on freight and purchase and transit of goods, there was a 
 fair prospect of securing a sum which would afterwards enable me 
 to visit Europe. 
 
 Several months passed before the arrangement could be made; 
 but finally I sailed from New York, on the 8th of September, 1818, 
 in the ship "Julius Csesar." She was commanded by Captain 
 Charles Marshall, an experienced sailor reared among many trials; 
 a manly, cheerful, and excellent seaman. I may add that he be- 
 came very successful as a captain, and afterwards as owner, of the 
 celebrated packet ships from New York to Liverpool. He died some 
 years ago, numbered among the rich men of New York. His life was 
 quite a romance. Mr. Foster, our super-cargo, was a most up- 
 right and excellent man._ He had made frequent voyages to India, 
 and was still under the necessity of leaving wife and children in 
 order to secure for thejn a proper support. I shall always feel 
 indebted to him for his constant, unwavering attentions, and the 
 almost paternal care wbicli lie extended to me in these my first 
 wanderings from home. Onr other companion in the cabin was 
 a Mr. Shelton, a young clerk from New York, and Mr. Oswald 
 
FAMILY HISTORY AXD REMINISCENCES. 43 
 
 Guest, of a Quaker family, whose mother, Mrs. Guest, is still living. 
 He returned to Philadelphia, and entered into business, but did 
 not survive very long. The voyage was to me very pleasant, not- 
 withstanding all the disagreeable incidents of occasional storms and 
 calms. I enjoyed greatly the motion of the vessel, the alternate 
 pitching and rolling; and I took great interest in the wonderful 
 management of the ship, now sailing pleasantly and with delightful 
 breezes, anon struck by a heavy squall, or strained in every timber 
 by a violent tempest. Of course the time was tedious. Day after 
 day there was the same routine, and nothing was visible but sky 
 and water. I however immediately adopted a plan of having an 
 occupation for every hour. Meals, of course, were punctually 
 served at the regular watches. After breakfast, until noon, studies 
 and writing, chiefly upon medical subjects, occupied the time, until 
 all rushed to the deck, about midday, to learn the altitude of the 
 sun, and afterwards, with the assistance of the chronometer, and 
 sometimes in favorable eonjimction by means of the sextant, mea- 
 suring the arc of the heavens to determine our latitude and longi- 
 tude, and, of course, the distance run. In this way we formed an- 
 ticipations for the future, always vain and usually ending in disap- 
 pointment. We had a good run in a southeast direction towards 
 the Azores: a very pleasant sail through the northern trades; but, 
 alas, slow was our progress through the equatorial regions. We 
 experienced hot suns, no winds, calm after calm, for nearly forty 
 days until we reached the southern trades. By these we were, of 
 course, taken again across the Atlantic, approximating South 
 America, passing between that continent and the island of Trini- 
 dad, of which we had a delightful view. We passed near to it 
 at sunrise on a beautiful clear morning, while a moderate breeze 
 was blowing just sufficient to ruffle the clear waters of the deep 
 ocean. This was the first land which we had seen since we left 
 New York, and it gave us great pleasure to observe the outlines of 
 its valleys and cliffs with the ever-varying tints reflected from the 
 beams of the rising sun, which at this early hour was occasionally 
 shut out from view by the intervening rocks. The wind now fresh- 
 ened and we spread sail again and sped across the Atlantic to the 
 Cape of Good Hope, which, however, we did not see, as we passed 
 too far to the south. We arrived at this longitude apparently at 
 the termination of a fearful storm, for we found the sea greatly 
 disturbed. A very strong westerly gale was blowing directly in 
 
44 FAMILY HISTORY AXD REMIKISCENCES. 
 
 opposition to the strong current which always sets west from the 
 Indian Ocean to the Atlantic. The waves, or seas, for that is their 
 proper name, were indeed very high, so that sailing was now dan- 
 gerous. The great anxiety of the captain was evident. ISTothing 
 could persuade him to leave the deck where he kept a watchful eye 
 upon every lurch of our frail bark and upon every rope and spar. 
 Mr. Foster, who had made many voyages, said he never witnessed 
 longer or deeper seas. As we were going directly before the wind there 
 was nothing to steady the vessel. She therefore rolled, first to larboard, 
 then to starboard, into the water ; rising upon the mighty waves, then 
 dipping down apparently to the depths below, when again suddenly 
 her prow would rise, seeking the top of another wave. After a few 
 hours the Avind moderated somewhat, so that the apprehension of 
 danger was dissipated. Still, however, we continued our eastern 
 course with the wind to (from?) the west, and in the same st^de as he- 
 fore; the vessel rising and pitching with the monstrous seas, rocking 
 alternately from side to side; our mast describing a large segment 
 of a circle. Thus we sailed on in the Indian Ocean for some seven- 
 teen days when again the cry "Land ho !" was heard. The land 
 sighted was the Island of Saint Paul, far south of the East India 
 islands and about the longitude of Java. 
 
 The captain thought it best to make up his "easting," as we were out 
 of season with respect to the monsoons in the Bay of Bengal. These 
 blow at this season from the northeast, and are therefore head-winds 
 to the voyager to ports on the bay. The head of our vessel was now 
 turned to the north. We eventually came in sight of the Island of 
 Sumatra, famous for the cultivation and export of black pepper. 
 When still in sight of the island we experienced a shock as from a blow 
 upon the bow of the vessel. We all concluded that it was the shock of 
 an earthquake; but, as it was felt but once, and as the way of the 
 vessel was not interrupted, the true cause remained hidden. In the 
 course of the voyage we had seen many large whales, and possibly we 
 may have Ijecn struck by one of these monsters. We had planned to 
 stop at Madras, on the Coromandel coast of Hindustan, so that our 
 course was nearly northwest. Another fearful storm was now 
 encountered entirely diverse from the former. The vessel hove to 
 under her storm-sail, while the fierce wind, dashing amid the rigging, 
 made every rope a whistle, and the sea, to use the sailors' language, 
 "was kept down by the violence of the gale." This all took place 
 in Bengal Bay. A few days afterwards we arrived in sight of Hindu- 
 
FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 45 
 
 Stan, and we cast anchor a short distance from land at Madras 
 roads. There was no harbor; only an open roadstead. Hence the 
 strong easterly storms. The danger of being wrecked in particular 
 seasons is exceedingly great, and this coast is therefore avoided by 
 seamen. The day of our arrival was very beautiful. Under a clear 
 sky, and with a gentle breeze, moderate undulating seas broke their 
 waters, partly upon shoals, and partly upon the mainland. The 
 whole appearance of Madras was exceedingly attractive. The waves 
 rolled in upon a fine, hard, sandy beach, while, about three hundred 
 yards from the water, there extended as far as the eye could reach, 
 what appeared to be a magnificent row of buildings, many of which 
 were ornamented with handsome corridors and lofty porticos with 
 columns much of the Grecian order. Some of these were the public 
 buildings, the Custom House, the Post Office, etc. A large propor- 
 tion, however, were the stores of the wealthy English merchants, the 
 lower parts of which, termed "go-downs," were devoted to goods, and 
 the upper parts to the transaction of business. These upper parts 
 were tastefully furnished, and generally contained at least one large 
 room where collations were regularly served for the refreshment of 
 the occupants and also of visitors. Few of these gentlemen-merchants 
 reside in the city. Their homes are scattered for miles south of 
 Madras in sight of the beautiful ocean, and a most excellent road ex- 
 tends to St. Thomas's Mountain, hardly visible in the distance. We 
 found these country residences of the merchants all detached, each sur- 
 rounded with cultivated ground of more or less extent. Hither they 
 retired about five o'clock in the afternoon for their domestic and 
 social pleasures. The background of the city of Madras was not very 
 inviting. There were wide streets and low houses, doubtless made 
 of brick and plaster. Here for the first time I saw Asiatic cholera. 
 Our ship had hardly anchored before the bronze, olive-colored boatmen 
 appeared about the vessel. Generally they came singly, each in a 
 small canoe. These canoes appeared like little logs upon the water. 
 They were governed with much dexterity by a single paddle. The 
 men soon came up offering fruit and vegetables for our refreshment, 
 themselves needing, and presenting therefore, in that warm, delightful 
 climate, no other dress than a piece of muslin about the loins. 
 Myself and some of my companions took lodgings upon the shore. 
 The approach to the land was quite narrow. The boat which we 
 engaged was a very long double-ender, and very deep; probably four or 
 five feet deep. The seats were divided for our tawny oarsmen, the 
 
46 FAMILY HISTORY AND EEMINISCENCES. 
 
 oars being necessarily very long, for the boat was high out of the 
 water, x^s we approached the first shoal, over which the sea was 
 furiously breaking, the natives broke out into one of their songs, 
 and with much effort dashed the boat in a straight line, crossed 
 the breakers, and soon landed us high upon the sand. 
 
 We were greatly attracted by the beautiful dress of the upper-class 
 natives. The white turban ornamented the head, a short-gown of 
 muslin covering the breast and arms, over which was often thrown 
 gracefully a shawl; around the waist apparently numerous yards of 
 muslin were entwined, reaching in folds below the knees. The feet 
 were generally protected by light slippers. This simple light muslin 
 dress, contrasting with the olive complexion of the Hindu, gave to 
 the wearer a dignified, imposing appearance. There were always 
 many small children playing about. Their games and wrestlings 
 and teasings were so like what I had seen at home that I had to 
 exclaim that, after all, human nature is the same everA^where. 
 
 Our stay at Madras extended only to two days, our super-cargo 
 having given orders for goods to be delivered on our return. We 
 again set sail to the north in the month of January, 1819. We were, 
 of course in opposition to the northeast monsoon, and hence our 
 progress was necessarily slow: and, as tacking was necessary, we 
 went by a very zig-zag course. The weather and the temperature were 
 delightful. The number of our company was augmented by the 
 presence of an Englisli captain, whose manners were genteel, and 
 his experience and information extensive. Hence he was able to 
 contribute much to our pleasure. In about three weeks we reached 
 the mouth of the Hoogley Eiver, which is one of the larger of the 
 several streams which mark out the delta of the famous river Ganges. 
 Here we took our pilot, who was, I believe, an American. He had 
 some twenty years' experience in his business, but, like all the white 
 inhabitants of India, he still anticipated the pleasure of going home. 
 The ascent of the river was easy, and, after receiving oranges, 
 bananas, etc., from the natives, our vessel was safely moored in a 
 parallel line with others at Calcutta. al)out 120 miles from the bay, 
 about five months after leaving New York. Calcutta, the great centre 
 of English India, is located on flat, barren land in the delta of the 
 Ganges; no high ground l)eing anywhere visible. It is on the east 
 side of the river. Some distance from the city is the magnificent Fort 
 William, surrounded by a large esplanade, which is kept in beautiful 
 order. The fort itself is in every respect well-ordered. A fine boulevard 
 
FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 47 
 
 with trees serves for driving and other recreations toward the close 
 of the day, while the ears of the passers-by are regaled by excellent 
 music from the military band. It may here be remarked that those 
 who blow upon wind-instruments in this climate seldom last more 
 than two or three years. The southern part of the city we found 
 occupied by the EngHsh. Their houses had generally a very imposing 
 appearance. They were buih of brick and roughcast, with stone floors 
 and flat roofs. Many were ornamented with colonnades, bay windows, 
 etc. The palace of the Governor-General of India is an imposing mass 
 of buildings, surrounded by handsome grounds. The streets of the 
 city are very wide and smooth, made of pounded brick. The dust 
 is kept doA\Ti by constant wetting by the water-carriers, who were 
 continually parading the avenue with their goatskin water bags. 
 Tanks are to be seen at frequent intervals; the water being confined 
 by walls of masonry, occasionally broken by wide stairways going 
 down to the water's edge. We found these tanks very numerous in 
 the country. They were doubtless filled during the rainy season, and 
 maintained, not only for drinking-water, but for the preservation of 
 fish. 
 
 All the northern and most extensive part of Calcutta was given up 
 to business and to the native population. The houses of the Hindus 
 are very small and simple and on narrow streets. The houses of the 
 wealthy Englishmen are large and showy, as stated above, and all, 
 or nearly all, of a dull yellow or cream color. The houses of clerks 
 of the departments are very similar to our own, being built in rows, 
 often three stories in height. The business houses generally intervened 
 between the English and the native portions of the city, and were 
 intermingled, as we saw them, with houses of every kind. They often 
 combined the store-house and the dwelling-house. The one wliich we 
 occupied, for example, was a large quadrangle, perhaps sixty by 
 seventy feet in size. One half of this lot in front was surrounded 
 by a high wall, through which was a gateway, the only means of access 
 to the house. On either side of this yard was a piazza, and there 
 were low, one-story buildings in the rear. These were for our 
 numerous servants, and for protection to the palanquins. The build- 
 ing occupying the back part of the enclosure was of two stories, the 
 lower one being as broad as the whole lot. It was termed a "go- 
 down;" that is a storehouse where goods were stowed and where 
 business tranactions were accomplished. The second story was much 
 narrower than the lower, so that some ten or twelve feet extended from 
 
48 FAMILY HISTORY AND EEMIXISCENCES. 
 
 either ?ide of the story, wliile the depth extended nearly to the depth 
 of the huikling. In front of this was a veranda to which was attached 
 the staircase from below. Over the second-story was a flat roof, with a 
 parapet wall, to which, as is customary in the east, resort was had in 
 the evening for purer air, for retirement, and even for exercise. The 
 interior of the second story was composed of one long room from the 
 front to the rear, constituting the dining-room, parlor, etc. On either 
 side were three rooms, so that our party of five were very comfortably 
 arranged, each with his bed-room. Very little wood-work was per- 
 ceptible. The floors were all covered with mortar, and then again 
 with mats. The ^^nndows were the usual size, and furnished with 
 outside Venetian shutters. The bedsteads had generally high posts, 
 so as to furnish a support for a canopy and for gauze curiains; 
 mosquito bars being here an absolute necessity. 
 
 The native shops were generally congregated in rather narrow streets, 
 contiguous to each other. They were termed "bazaars." Here almost 
 every want could be supplied, although much tact was necessary to 
 procure a good article at a reasonable price; the honesty of the seller 
 being by no means proverbial. A few women, and these only of the 
 lower class, were visible. We often met them carrying an infant 
 on the hip. 
 
 As soon as our ship was fairly moored, about the 5th of 
 February, the cabin passengers disembarked. I previously 
 thought that it would not become a freeman and an Ameri- 
 can to be carried on men's shoulders; but, when on shore, 
 under a burning sun, where there were no horses or carriages 
 visible, I had little hesitation in throwing myself into a palanquin 
 to be carried with considerable rapidity by four men to our new 
 dwelling. Indeed, I must say that I found it decidedly the most 
 pleasant and luxurious mode of travelling I ever enjoyed. The 
 palanquin is an oblong, rectangular box, about six feet long, with 
 sliding doors upon either side. It stands on four legs about eighteen 
 inches from the ground. On the interior the bottom is covered by a 
 morocco mattress with morocco pillows, square in form, and supported 
 by a strap from one side to the other in an oblique position so as to 
 sustain the head and shoulders of the traveller. The rest of the body 
 and the limbs are extended on the mattress. There are small windows 
 of glass to let in light in case it should be necessary to close the 
 doors. At each extremity of the palanc|uin, about a foot from the 
 roof, a broad and rounded bar projects, convex upon the upper and 
 
FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 49 
 
 lower surfaces^ and about tAvo feet in length. These rest upon the 
 shoulders of the bearers, two of whom take their places in front and 
 two in the rear. In this way they stand close to each ether so that 
 they execute what is called the lock-step ; the left limb of each moving 
 forward simultaneously, and then the right limb in a similar manner. 
 This is done with great precision and rapidity, so that they often 
 travel at the rate of five miles an hour with a kind of wriggling, or 
 pacing, motion, without any rising or falling of the shoulders. Con- 
 sequently, the occupant of the carriage is never jolted. To complete 
 this luxurious arrangement there is always a fifth man, or head- 
 bearer, who trots alongside bearing a tall bamboo parasol, ready to 
 cover the traveller when passing from the palanquin to the house. 
 Each of us five gentlemen therefore had his five bearers and his own 
 palanquin. The head-bearer was also regarded as our constant 
 attendant in the house, and took charge of the bed-room, keeping the 
 mosquitoes off in the day-time by means of small brushes, and 
 tucking in the mosquito-net at night, being very careful that not 
 one of these blood-thirsty creatures should get within the precincts 
 of the bar. 
 
 One night, after I was safely tucked in, the bearer came with 
 home letters, and I found it hard work to get out of my net. 
 
 The peculiar superstitious feeling of the Hindus did not permit 
 them to wait upon us at table where animal food was presented. 
 They themselves live almost exclusively upon rice and curry, occasion- 
 ally indulging themselves in the luxury of some small fish. Under 
 these circumstances we were obliged to employ Moormen, who were 
 Mohammedans, doubtless the descendants of the former conquerors of 
 Hindustan. There were fine-looking men, thinner and taller than 
 the Hindus. Their complexion was rather lighter than theirs. Their 
 dress of muslin was similar, but they seldom wore a shawl. Three or 
 four of such men as these constituted our waiters and cooks. The 
 cooking process must have been skilfully executed, for it produced 
 very savory results, and all without the u*ual appurtenances of a 
 kitchen fire; a little brazier of lighted charcoal taking its place. 
 Our table was provided with the usual supply of vegetables; but, in 
 addition, and almost without failure, with curried rice and chicken, 
 the excellency and the utility of which can be comprehended only by 
 those who have visited the East. The curry was also presented to us 
 occasionally in the form of soup. It was very hot in every sense and 
 bore the name of "^mulikotawney." It would generally produce an 
 4 
 
50 FAMILY HISTORY AND REMIXISCEXCES. 
 
 internal and external warmth, followed by profuse perspiration, which 
 does not seem to be injurious, but, perhaps, rather useful in a climate 
 which is so exhausting. 
 
 During the month of February the weather was most delightful. 
 We had a clear sky and a cool atmosphere, resembling our mildest 
 weather in October. There was never, therefore, a necessity for fires, 
 and during the whole winter the European does not require glass 
 for his windows or woolen clothing for his person. The natives, 
 however, shiver somewhat from the cold, having no other covering 
 than their thin muslin short-gown, or ofteuer a muslin shawl. Our 
 bearers were furnished with a white muslin turban and the usual 
 belt over the loins and hips. Besides this they had a piece of muslin 
 which performed the double duty of protecting them from the 
 insects and from the weather, Wlien they were called to action the 
 shawl was immediately rolled up, and rather tightly wrapped around 
 their loins; by which action an ocular exhibition was given of what 
 is intended by the phrase "girding up the loins." Thus equipped they 
 would be ready to travel with rapidity under a tropical sun, and ap- 
 parently with entire impunity. How they could endure what they did 
 was not a thing easily explained. Their skins were always soft and 
 moist ; but there was seldom any profuse perspiration, even after a 
 five-mile run. 
 
 The weather began to get warm in March, and toward the equinox 
 the change became more pronounced. This is the season on the ocean 
 for storms, hurricanes and tj'phoons; and during the same wonderful 
 period the change is accomplished by which the northeast monsoon, 
 which gave tranquil and delightful weather, ceases, and the south- 
 west monsoon begins its course of six months duration, during which 
 tempestuous weather is often experienced. 
 
 The months of April and May were excessively hot. It would 
 not fully express the actual fact to say that they were warm. The 
 thermometer was often at 106 or 110 degrees in the shade, and 140 
 in the sunshine. In oup rooms at night it would rise to 95 and 98 
 degrees. All nature withered ; all signs of vegetation disappeared ; 
 the clay soil became hardened and cracked. The native people seemed 
 to endure it; but tlie foreigner became listless and exhausted. He 
 had to confine his labors to the early and later parts of the day; 
 while no one who possessed a few sous would venture out of doors 
 <?xeept in his palanquin. The effect of the heat upon my own person 
 was peculiar as well as exhausting. At first the effect was not 
 
FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 51 
 
 unpleasant, as my perspiration and other secretions, as well as my 
 appetite, were good. Gradually, however, I seemed to wither and lose 
 my appetite. My mouth became clammy and dry. There was little 
 or no perspiration of the skin, while my hepatic and other functions 
 were equally torpid. Of course, I became emaciated and listless, 
 but without any positive disease. Under these circumstances my 
 professional duties gave me the greatest anxiety. I had charge of 
 various bilious and other tropical diseases; and, in addition, was 
 alarmed by being called to cases of malignant cholera; a disease the 
 name of which had hardly reached Europe or America, but the 
 ravages of which have since been so fearful in every part of the 
 world; while the nature of the disease and the proper treatment are 
 still the subject of the most anxious scientific inquiry; an inquiry 
 resulting in great discrepancy of opinion. 
 
 Among the first observers of the complaint in India were the 
 French, who noticed it toward the Island of Ceylon, and from its 
 fatality termed it "mort de chien." 
 
 It was not, however, until the year 1817 that it prevailed, to the 
 great consternation of the inhabitants, at Calcutta and throughout 
 India. Deaths were exceedingly numerous, and nothing availed to 
 arrest the progress of the disease. The following year it was less 
 general and less severe; and now, in April, 1819, although there was 
 no epidemic, numerous sporadic cases of cholera appeared. My own 
 ship's company, and those of other Americans were among the 
 sufferers. Although I had the opportunity of consulting the recent 
 publications on the subject, yet I had no experience with the com- 
 plaint. Accordingly I called into consultation Dr. , an 
 
 elderly English physician, who had been very attentive to Americans 
 in Calcutta, and who, as I was surprised to find, had attended lectures 
 at our University in Philadelphia. Some of our sailors died; others 
 recovered. I providentially, notwithstanding all my labors among the 
 others, escaped sickness. The weather continued very hot, although 
 now and then there was a slight thunder-shower ; and I looked forward 
 with desire to the time of our departure. 
 
 Our church privileges were considerable in Calcutta. There were 
 large and handsome Episcopal churches, and a very handsome Scotch 
 Presbyterian church, where every worshipper was supplied with a 
 comfortable armchair. The chairs were arranged in pews so-called; 
 marked, however, by no enclosure, but simply by a rail; while the 
 whole congregation were fanned by two large punkas. But my 
 
53 FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 favorite place was a small Baptist church; doubtless the original 
 dissenting chapel in Calcutta, the pulpit of which was occupied by 
 the celebrated Dr. Carey, who, in early life brought up as a shoe- 
 maker, became one of the first missionaries to India. This was at a 
 time when the East India Company did not countenance the propaga- 
 tion of the Christian religion. Hence, Dr. Carey had to establish 
 himself and his co-laborers at Serampore, some twelve or fifteen miles 
 up the river and under French domination. Here he set up a Baptist 
 school and university, and had the honor, I believe, of being the 
 first to translate the Bible into the Hindu language. 
 
 I made two or three little excursions from Calcutta. One of these 
 I made with much interest. It was made for the purpose of visiting 
 a young Brahmin, a man of great intelligence and much cultivation, 
 who had published several tracts in English, as well as in his native 
 language, on religious subjects, which were indeed so excellent that 
 he was reputed to be a Christian, I found him at his country-place, 
 about five miles out of town, and spent a very pleasant hour with 
 him. He was a handsome-looking man, of rather light olive com- 
 plexion. He conversed very easily in English, but soon dissipated all 
 hope in my mind of his being a convert. He claimed everything for 
 the ancient Hindu religion, even the origin of Christianity, intimat- 
 ing that Christ was a Brahmin; but still repudiating the idea that 
 idolatry was part of the religion of his people. He represented it as 
 tolerated for the sake of the ignorant, but not enjoined. He main- 
 tained the existence of one universal Spirit, who was everywhere and 
 in everything; assuming thus a pantheistic position, as it seemed to 
 me. One high compliment, however, he paid to Christianity. He 
 said it was far superior to any other religion in its moral precepts. 
 These precepts, he declared, he intended to translate and publish for 
 the benefit of his countrymen; a task which he afterwards executed. 
 I am sorry to add that this interesting and valuable man, after a 
 visit in England for the second time, became the victim of smallpox. 
 
 Another excursion was down the River Hoogley, some eight miles 
 to the Company's Botanical Gardens. It was a pleasant excursion, 
 as we passed by many English country-seats, where the level country 
 was broken by artificial hills, covered, even in the dry season, with 
 green grass, kept alive by constant irrigation. The Gardens were 
 very famous, as they were extensive and costly. It was the effort 
 of the Company to have, if possible, specimens of trees from all parts 
 of the world. This design was, of course, but partially carried out. 
 
FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 63 
 
 As the weather was very hot at the time of my visit, vegetation was 
 not thriving. I was gratified, however, to see the celebrated Banyan 
 tree, under whose extensive horizontal branches even regiments of 
 cavalry may be sheltered; the branches being supported by occasional 
 projections rooted in the ground beneath. Still another excursion was 
 up the river to Serampore, the seat of the Baptist institutions above 
 alluded to. On the opposite side of the river was the Company's 
 menagerie, where the animals were accommodated in really spacious 
 apartments. A large royal tiger especially arrested my attention. 
 On our passage up the river we were called upon to witness one of 
 those horrible immolations, known as the suttee, or burning of a widow 
 with her dead husband; a practice even then common in India, but 
 since prohibited by the British authorities. The funeral pyre was 
 erected close to the river, and around it the poor woman was con- 
 ducted with various ceremonies amidst the harsh and noisy music 
 of drums and kettles. She made no resistance as she was laid upon 
 the pyre, where she was immediately concealed from view by the 
 light brush-wood which covered her, and which was at once fired on 
 all sides. The hope was felt that she was suffocated with the smoke 
 before she could have felt the flames. 
 
 On the 4th of June, 1819, just before the rainy season was 
 anticipated, our moorings were loosed, and with joy and gratitude our 
 vessel was directed down the river. It was a beautiful clear day; 
 the atmosphere was delightful, and the wind and tide were favorable 
 for our descent. Not many hours afterwards the tide changed, and 
 I became a very interested spectator of the velocity and power of the 
 flood-tide in the Ganges. At this season of the year the southwest 
 monsoon drove all the waters of the Bay of Bengal to its upper, 
 or northern, extremity. The wind was trifling, but no ship seemed 
 capable of withstanding the impetus of the waters. The vessels 
 dragged their anchors, although they were buried deep in the mud. 
 Our vessel retreated before the torrent in opposition to our two large 
 sheet-anchors. Still no accident occurred, and the next morning 
 found us at a safe anchorage in a cove on the inside of Sangur Island, 
 a place of low jungles full of tigers, where our pilot had thrust us to 
 escape the effect of a severe gale of the night previous. Soon after- 
 wards we had the pleasure of seeing a very large three-decked Com- 
 pany's vessel. She had just escaped the storm, which had driven 
 her from the bay up the river. This vessel, in addition to her usual 
 number of officers and men, had on board the Marchioness of Hastings, 
 
54 FAMILY HISTORY AXD REMINISCENCES. 
 
 wife of the Governor-General, accompanied by a large number of 
 young ladies, whose appearance was pleasant, especially as months had 
 elapsed since we had any intercourse with ladies of our own race. 
 These girls were said to be visitors to India, that they might discover 
 their brothers or cousins who had preceded them to this heathen 
 land. The weather being now pleasant, we rounded Sangur Island 
 and pointed our vessel to the south, but against a head-wind, as the 
 southwest monsoon was blowing. Our course, therefore, was tedious, 
 and the sea became tempestuous. Our ship, no longer buoyant, but 
 heavily laden with saltpetre and piece-goods, rolled badly in the 
 seas. Sudden squalls would arise, and, occasionally, as we landsmen 
 thought, threaten to capsize us. Nevertheless, we made our way slowly 
 to Madras, and in a few hours took on board the goods formerly 
 ordered. We then fairly set off homeward, but still with head-winds 
 and stormy seas, so that by the time that we had gotten well into 
 the Indian Ocean our vessel was evidently strained, especially in her 
 upper works. The pumps did not indicate much water in the hold, but 
 sea-water was beginning to ooze between the planks at the stern of 
 the vessel, and appeared upon our cabin floor. This indication, in 
 professional language, was bad; and, as it might increase, and as 
 we were still to expect storms off the Cape of Good Hope, it was 
 determined, after a regular consultation held by the proprietors in 
 the cabin, to bear off more to the westward, and make for the Isle of 
 France. This change of course was accompanied by more favorable 
 weather and winds; and, after many days, one very beautiful, sun- 
 shiny morning, we caught sight of this fair island on its eastern 
 aspect. As the port of St. Louis, its best, and almost only, harbor, 
 is on the west side, we had to describe the semi-circumference of the 
 island. As our charts were not minute, and as we had no books to 
 direct us, the question was agitated whether we should go round by 
 the north or by the south. The captain decided to take the southern 
 course, which we afterwards learned was not usually followed, as 
 dangerous reefs were supposed to exist. Ignorant of danger we 
 enjoyed a beautiful sail under a delightful wind along the coast of 
 the rocky and picturesque isle. Toward evening we made the outer 
 bay of Saint Louis near sundown, and then sailed toward the city, 
 the lights of which could be seen at a distance in the twilight. We 
 hoisted our flag for a pilot, and repeatedly fired our gun, but got 
 no response. It was now dark, and the captain gave orders for veer- 
 ing the vessel, standing out to sea till morning under easy sail, and 
 
FAMILY HISTORY AXD REMINISCENCES. 55 
 
 we all quietly retired for supper. This was hardly ended before the 
 ship struck and shivered, so that our glasses upon the table were 
 shaken. Then she stood still, and we all rushed to the deck and 
 found the vessel grinding her keel upon a coral bank. The cause of 
 the accident evidently was that, although the vessel was headed to 
 the west, a strong current had carried her too much to the south. 
 The agitation on board was great, and for the first time our excellent 
 captain lost his self-command. He soon afterwards recovered him- 
 self, ordered the sails back, and sought in this way to drive the 
 vessel sternwards; but aU without effect. A boat was then ordered 
 over and manned in order to drop an anchor, and by this means draw 
 the ship away from the rock which we had struck. Unfortunately 
 the boat proved to be leaky, and could not be kept afloat, even when 
 men alone were on board, much less if the anchor were taken in. 
 We had thus no other resource than occasionally to fire a gun for 
 assistance. Our situation seemed to be constantly more precarious, 
 as it was evident that the tide was falling, and rocks, before not 
 visible, appeared above the surface of the water. Our vessel was 
 evidently higher from the water as the tide receded, and there was 
 danger, therefore, of her falling over upon her side, in which case 
 she certainly would have filled. Happily, however, this did not 
 occur. The wind was fortunately bloAving from off shore, so 
 that there was very little sea. Such was our unpleasant condition for 
 four hours, during which we were kept in a state of considerable 
 anxiety. At length the flood-tide came in ; the rocks about us were 
 again submerged; the vessel was once more in deep water; and 
 suddenly the shout was heard, "She moves !" True enough, the ship 
 was moving, and all were in ecstasy. No leak was detected. The 
 captain ordered the jib to be hoisted. The vessel was turned 
 from the rocks, and, with her prow directed to the west, we hastened 
 on our course with glad, and I trust, grateful hearts. 
 
 In the morning we turned landwards, took a pilot, and were soon 
 safely moored in the inner port, a very picturesque spot, surrounded 
 by high hills, at the foot of which lay the town of St. Louis. 
 
 The vessel was placed under the direction of the United States 
 Consul. After a regular survey it was not deemed safe to continue 
 our voyage without examining the ship's bottom. As there were no 
 docks at this port, it became necessary to remove all of her cargo, 
 and take down the upper mast that she might be brought down upon 
 her side on the land. It was found, after all, that no serious injury 
 
56 FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 had been sustained. Part of the false keel was found to have been 
 ground off, and this, of course, had to be replaced, and all her 
 upper works, which had been strained in previous storms, had to be 
 caulked and painted. This was a tedious process, occupying six weeks, 
 and, as part of the cargo had been damaged, it was sold to the amount 
 of twenty thousand dollars. Under these circumstances we took a 
 house on shore, and passed our time very pleasantly. The weather 
 was beautiful, cool and refreshing. We walked and rode amidst 
 the valleys and the hills and along the shore, penetrating as far as 
 the old stone church described in the romantic story of "Paul and 
 Virginia." We found this building greatly dilapidated, with grass- 
 grown steps, and probably unused. 
 
 We were shown two small monuments in a gentleman's garden, 
 separated from each other by a water-tank. These were said to be 
 commemorative of the two romantic lovers, and we cut off portions 
 of bamboo as mementos of our visit. Just north of St. Louis is 
 a beautiful valley which appeared to be shut in by the sloping sides 
 of three mountains. It was employed as a kind of plaza, or prome- 
 nade, where we had an opportunity of seeing the inhabitants on 
 {Sundays and holidays in their best attire. They were chiefly French 
 and Eoman Catholics, as the island had been settled and 
 governed by France, as the name implies. It was, however, at 
 the time of our visit, in the possession of the English, whose civil 
 and military officers were often seen, and also the regiment of soldiers 
 who occupied the forts. 
 
 At the Episcopal Church on Sunday a body of troops, without 
 arms, were always present. They conducted themselves with great 
 apparent devotion. 
 
 Standing on a hill I observed with great pleasure the regular 
 march of these men in close column as they advanced with movements 
 so nearly simultaneous that there seemicd to be one instead of many 
 bodies. 
 
 At the Isle of France also I had an opportunity for the first time 
 of beholding slavery, which had been introduced into the island under 
 French domination ; and, although the government was now in pos- 
 session of the English, the mind and the conscience of these people 
 had then not been illuminated by the eloquence and moral power 
 of a Wilberforce. 
 
 iSTot only were the most menial services performed by slaves, but 
 the labor of beasts of burden was often executed by them, and we 
 
FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 57 
 
 not infrequently saw them at work in chains. A large cart, for 
 example, filled with stones, which required at least two horses for its 
 removal, was pushed and dragged by human beings attached to the 
 shafts, wheels, etc. Water-carriers were sometimes seen with iron collars 
 around their necks, an iron chain binding two of them together. This 
 was probably a punishment. Human nature, however, wonderfully 
 accommodates itself to circumstances. By my evening rambles in 
 the quarters of these negroes I found there was at least as much merri- 
 ment and dancing to the sound of the violin as among their English 
 masters. 
 
 The time of our departure at length came. The ship was again 
 floated, her masts rigged, and her sails spread, more buoyant than 
 before, as part of her cargo had been sold. On a fine day, about 
 the middle of September, 1819, I bade farewell to the beautiful port 
 of St. Louis. We made a good offing for fear of hidden rocks, taking a 
 direct course to the south, leaving Borneo (Bourbon?), another French 
 island, upon the right, and the cliffs of the Isle of France astern. We 
 were greatly favored by wind and weather, finding once more, how- 
 ever, a rough sea south of the Cape of Good Hope; so rough indeed 
 that water frequently was flowing on the decks from the stem 
 nearly to the stern; and we then rejoiced that, in consequence of our 
 former mishaps, the vessel was not so deeply laden as when we left 
 Calcutta. 
 
 Some days after leaving the Cape in the South Atlantic we spoke 
 
 the ship , which had left Calcutta only a few days 
 
 after we did; so that, while we were safe and comfortable for six 
 weeks in the Isle of France, she was buffeting the storms off the 
 Cape with the loss of some of her masts and rigging. 
 
 A few days brought us to the southeast trades, which drove us 
 rapidly to the north, and allowed us to take a distant view of the 
 Island of St. Helena, at that time the prison of N^apoleon Bonaparta 
 
 There was no necessity of crossing and reerossing the ocean, our 
 course being north-northwest. We were sailing beautifully, the weather 
 was delightful, and, having reached the latitude of Cape Hatteras, we 
 •expected in two or three days to be in the Delaware. But disappoint- 
 ment will occur upon the ocean. Strong northwest wands directly 
 ahead rendered the taking in of sail necessary, and drove us to 
 the northeast along the edge of the Gulf Stream, where storm after 
 storm occurred, preventing headway. We were much at the mercy 
 of the current for a time, and, to the best of our reckoning, were 
 
58 FAMILY HISTORY AND EEMIXISCEXCES. 
 
 carried off near by the shoals of Narragansett. The sea, disturbed b}^ 
 winds and currents, was very irregular, and we were, therefore, 
 exceedingly uncomfortable. It was cold and rainy besides. 
 
 On Saturday, the 18tli of December, we were greatly favored in 
 being able to take a pilot off the Delaware, and to effect an anchorage 
 within the Capes at the "Buoy of the Brown." I say greatly 
 favored, for outside the storm raged fearfull}^, and the unfortunate 
 vessel we spoke in the South Atlantic was driven upon the New Jersey 
 coast, near Long Branch, where the captain and super-cargo, who were 
 my patients and companions in Calcutta, perished, as well as most of 
 the crew. As for us, we rode out the night in safety, and weighed 
 anchor. There was a comfortable pilot-boat going up the river, and 
 myself and Mr. Guest and Mr. Foster embarked on board of her, 
 and arrived at the Navy Yard early on Sunday. I jumped to the 
 shore with alacrity and with joy, but still excessively anxious, for 
 nearly twelve months had elapsed since I had heard from home. 
 Where was my mother? I did not dare to go to her house, but took 
 my way to my uncle Andrew's, the old homestead on Arch Street, 
 where my arrival created much surprise. I was glad to find that all 
 my relatives were well, and that, although we were four months 
 after our time, they had not had many evil forebodings respecting 
 us. My mother was well, but had changed her abode. 
 
 In 1815, upon the graduation of my brother from college, she had 
 once more resumed housekeeping in Philadelphia, and established 
 herself in Tenth Street, below Chestnut. The following year, how- 
 ever, she removed to another house in Sansom Eow on Walnut Street, 
 below Eighth. She there had Miss Susan B. Smith and Mrs. Gray- 
 dou, the widow of Alexander Graydon and sister of Mrs. Andrew 
 Bayard, as her companions : while Mr. Eichard H. Bayard, my college 
 classmate had opened his .office in the front room. I was often 
 surprised at the energy manifested by mother, and the spirit she 
 maintained amidst all the reverses and anxieties which accompanied 
 her various positions, not only discharging so admirably her various 
 duties to her children, but those which she owed to the various institu- 
 tions with which she was connected; ever enjoying the society of her 
 friends, and taking a deep interest in civil and political affairs. 
 Her patriotic feelings, imbibed in early life in the cradle of American 
 liberty and on the knees of General Warren, never deserted her. She 
 took broad and large views of subjects, deprecated the contentions and 
 virulence of parties, and was a great admirer of the institutions of 
 
FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCEXCES. 59 
 
 her country, especially as developed and enforced by President Wash- 
 ington. The contrary policy, introduced by Jefferson, she could not 
 admire, and regretted exceedingly the disposition then manifested to 
 encourage the immigration of foreigners to this country, who were 
 without morals or education, foreseeing the evils which must result 
 from such an admixture with republicanism, often saying that she 
 would not live to see, but that I would, the bad effects of this adultera- 
 tion. The evil has grown upon us, and is still increasing, inasmuch as 
 the full right of American citizenship is given to those who are 
 not only ignorant of our institutions, but who cannot read or write, 
 or even understand our language. Nothing but a moral and religious 
 education of the masses can act as an antidote for the poison which 
 now infects the body politic of our beloved country. 
 
 In a pecuniary point of view the results of the voyage were 
 unfortunate. The mercantile world had much collapsed. The goods 
 I brought were not all salable ; and, when the interest and the insur- 
 ance were paid to the officers upon their bonds, little or nothing was 
 left. The cherished thought then of a European visit, with all its 
 advantages, for which such risks and sacrifices had been made, had 
 to be abandoned. And so it came to pass that, without professional 
 patronage, and with an empty purse, I had to undertake the duties 
 of my profession. Still I had my mother, she was everything; as 
 full of energy and spirit, although physically not as strong as formerly. 
 I was very kindly received by the heads of the profession, and I had 
 many friends. I secured the house Xo. 181 Walnut Street (now 
 No. 715), part way between Seventh and Eighth, to which we removed 
 in a few weeks. It was the third occupied by us in that row. I 
 took the front room as my office, and began practice in the year 
 1820. Mrs. Graydon and Miss Smith remained with us. Soon after- 
 wards they were joined by Mrs. Ingersoll, another sister of Mrs. 
 Bayard, and mother of Charles and Joseph Ingersoll, then leading 
 lawyers in the city. Soon after taking possession of my office I was 
 complimented, and, of course, encouraged, by visits from Chapman, 
 Dewees and others of my teachers, and afterwards by invitations 
 to their social parties. There are turning-points and incidents in 
 every man's life on which his happiness and fortune seem to turn. 
 One such turning-point in my life was the unexpected visit of a 
 young physician whom I barely recollected as senior pupil when I 
 commenced the study of medicine, and who afterwards went to Europe. 
 This was Dr. Edward Barton, a man of great intellectual capacity, 
 
60 FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 refinement and cultivation, who had been very carefully educated in 
 Connecticut by the Abbd Tisserant. To me he was always remarkably 
 affable and pleasant, proving to be one of my best friends, He was 
 naturally, however, very reserved, and, although generally much liked, 
 somewhat satirical in dealing with the faults and weaknesses of 
 others. He was also the subject of much morbid feeling. This was 
 partly owing to the circumstances in which he was placed. He was 
 the son of Lord Bolingbroke, who had married a well-educated and 
 excellent German lady, by whom he had three sons. These were sent 
 over to America for their education under the Ahh6 above mentioned.* 
 I find in an old book, "Memoirs of Eminent Physicians," the 
 following : "Edward Barton was under the immediate care and super- 
 intendence of the Abb^ Tisserant, a French gentleman of uncom- 
 mon attainments and exemplary piety, and of peculiar sweetness of 
 manner and disposition. To the parental care of this accomplished 
 scholar Barton was indebted for an excellent foundation in classical 
 learning, which was built up with singular success. After the usual 
 course of academical instruction, he passed some time, with great 
 advantage to himself and with usefulness to others, at the Roman 
 Catholic College in Baltimore, where his classical education may be 
 considered as having been completed. His views relative to the busi- 
 ness of life were directed to the profession of medicine. He attended 
 a course of lectures delivered by Dr. Smith at Hanover, N. H. He 
 came to Philadelphia, and, as an immediate pupil of Dr. Physick, 
 passed through the course of medical studies required by the Univer- 
 sity, receiving his degree with peculiar favor and approbation from 
 his instructors. Soon after he graduated Dr. Barton went to Europe, 
 and there devoted himself assiduously to the attainment of knowledge 
 which he could easily command in Great Britain and France. 
 He returned to the United States in a few years, and settled in Phila- 
 delphia for the purpose of practicing physic and surgery. When his 
 ambition was most ardent, and his prospects most flattering, it pleased 
 God to visit him with a pulmonary affection, from which he and his 
 friends apprehended his speedy dissolution. Under the advice of his 
 friend and preceptor. Dr. Physick, he sailed from Philadelphia on 
 the 4th of August, 1831, for Lisbon; and from that port he went 
 
 ♦Note by Mrs. H. Lenox Hodge: — "Lord Bolingbroke married this German lady, 
 and afterwards deserted her, and married in England a lady of wealth and rank. 
 Leing off and on in America, he left his three sons here. On one of these occasions 
 he lived for some time in Elizabeth, N. J., and my grandmother, Abby Howland 
 Woolsey, knew him, and mentions him afterwards in her letters from England." 
 
FAMILY HISTORY AND EEMINISCENCES. 61 
 
 to Genoa; at which place his eyes were closed in death by strangers. 
 He was in a sick room vigilant, tender, untiring, faithful to the last. 
 His mind was of too lofty a character to sufEer him to avail himself 
 of adventitious circumstances to obtain the favor of the community. 
 He scorned even the appearance of seeking to earn that favor by any 
 other means than by his merit. We will venture to assert that the 
 impressions which he made upon the hearts of those who enjoyed his 
 friendship will never be efEaced." Dr. Chapman wrote in a note to 
 this: ''He was a man of no ordinary talent, highly cultivated by a 
 liberal education, of great proficiency in his profession, and with an 
 exquisite sense of honor which 'feels a stain like a wound.' "* 
 
 Colonel Chester, of Wethersfield, was the guardian of Lord Boling- 
 broke's sons, and hence in this city the colonel's son-in-law, Charles 
 Chauncey, paid great attention to young Barton, and made him the 
 physician of the family as assistant to Dr. Physick, Under the 
 patronage of Mr. Chauncey, and also of Mr. Tangu, an Englishman, 
 and the Librarian of the Philosophical Society, Dr. Barton 
 obtained an excellent social position, and made a favorable com- 
 mencement of his professional business. Such was the friend so 
 unexpectedly offered to me. As I had nothing to do, I immediately 
 accompanied him in his visits as Dispensary Physician, thus increasing 
 my practical knowledge. 
 
 Another compliment I received was from my excellent friend, 
 the widow of my late preceptor. Dr. Wistar, who adopted me as her 
 physician and friend; a valuable relationship which I sustained for 
 many years until the time of her death. This event served also to 
 bring me into intimate connection with another of my former 
 teachers. Dr. Thomas C. James, a most excellent and erudite pro- 
 fessor in the University, who always extended to me professional 
 confidence and friendly attentions; so that here also I eventually 
 obtained the position of family physician. Under such circumstances 
 as these I commenced the practice of medicine in my native city with 
 much spirit, and even with hopeful aspiration for the future. I 
 became a candidate as physician for the Southern Dispensary, then 
 situated in Catharine Street, between Third and Fourth. This was 
 at a time when there were no cars, cabs or omnibuses in the city to 
 get to the place. A vacancy having occurred in the fall of 1820, I was 
 appointed as physician, and immediately entered upon the duties 
 incident to the position. The district was then the most southern 
 
 Philadelphia Journal of Medical and Physical Sciences, Vol. 5. 
 
62 FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 in the city, extending westward from the Delaware. It comprised, in 
 name at least, the most degraded portion of the city. The work 
 which I thus undertook proved almost too arduous and exposing. In 
 the latter part of November I was taken sick with typhoid fever, 
 which confined me for a month or six weeks, during which I was 
 attended most assiduously by Dr. Edward Barton and Dr. Physick. 
 I did not return to my duties in the Southern Dispensary, having 
 received a more eligible position as physician to the City Dispensary, 
 located, as it still is, in Fifth Street, opposite Independence Square, 
 and next door to the building occupied by the Mercantile Library. 
 My district was the best, extending from Chestnut to Vine Street, 
 while westward from the Delaware I occasionally went as far as what 
 are now Fifteenth and Sixteenth Streets. The work which I thus under- 
 took was family business, and therefore much diverse from what I 
 had hitherto been more familiar with in hospitals, almshouses, etc. 
 For three months every year I was extensively engaged in this out- 
 of-door practice, while, at other periods, with less practical work to do, 
 I had time for study, reading and recreation. In the early autumn 
 of 1820 my friend. Dr. William E. Horner, the prosector of the 
 Anatomical Chair, was appointed Assistant Professor of Anatomy to 
 Dr. Physick. He was married to Miss Elizabeth Welsh, daughter of 
 Samuel Welsh, a thriving merchant in Philadelphia. The following 
 summer of 1821, Dr. Horner determined to visit Europe for his im- 
 provement, and requested me to take charge of his anatomy class, 
 which was also under the instruction of Dr. Chapman and Dr. Dewees. 
 It was familiarly known as "Chapman's private class." In May, 
 therefore, I made my first essay in teaching, carrying it on until the 
 last of September. This experience, of course, was serviceable as 
 giving more precision to my studies, and more confidence in myself. 
 About this time the health of my excellent friend. Dr. Barton, was 
 rapidly declining. Dr. Physick, as detailed above, advised him to 
 abandon his business, and resort to the southern part of Europe. He 
 sailed, therefore, for Lisbon, as the voyage was then favorable. His 
 complaints, however, became aggravated, and it was with difficulty that 
 he reached Genoa, where he died among strangers. One of my own 
 friends, Mr. Ashbcl G. Ralston, paid him every kind attention, and later 
 forwarded his effects to me, as he had expressed a desire that his 
 medical library and personal property should come into my possession. 
 This loss to me was very great. Prior to Dr. Barton's departure he 
 had introduced me to Mrs. Emily Phillips, who was intimate with 
 
FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 63 
 
 Mr. Charles Chauncey, and indeed with all the Chester family, who 
 were originally from Wethersfield, Conn., where Mrs. Phillips herself 
 was born. This lady had taken Dr. Barton not only as a physician, 
 but almost as a son. She was a lady of great intellectual culture, 
 warm imagination, and a very nervous temperament, and yet possess- 
 ing admirable judgment and prudence ; traits not often united in the 
 same person. She lived with her husband in New Orleans, but was 
 on a visit to her friends North. He died, and their small property 
 nearly disappeared. She had, however, nimierous friends, and through 
 them was introduced to Dr. James Brown, then professor in a medical 
 school at Lexington, Ky. Dr. Brown immediately committed to her 
 care his only daughter, Susan Brown, now Mrs. Ingersoll. This child 
 was then a girl of eleven or twelve years of age. She was placed at the 
 school of Madame Segoigne, which was then in high repute. Mrs. 
 Phillips boarded in the family, and was charged with. the maternal 
 superintendence of her protege. 
 
 On the departure of Dr. Barton, from Philadelphia, Mrs. Phillips 
 gave me her confidence and affection, to which I have been most 
 deeply indebted. Her devotion to me continued for many years, and it 
 was only terminated by her death, which occurred at Wethersfield, 
 Conn., which M^as the place of her birth. 
 
 Nothing of importance occurred during the succeeding year, 1822. 
 I might mention, however, that Dr. William Gibson, Professor of 
 Surgery, invited me this year to join him, with the late Dr. John 
 Rodman, in the formation of a private medical class. This invitation, 
 for some prudential reasons, I thought best to decline. My ac- 
 ceptance would probably have interfered with a much more advan- 
 tageous offer, made to me the next year, to which I will now refer. 
 In March, 1823, Dr. Chapman, who was always very popular, finding 
 that his private class of pupils had greatly enlarged, determined to give 
 them a more extensive and efficient course. He accordingly organized 
 the class into a Medical Institute, and, in addition to the original 
 teachers. Chapman, Dewees and Horner, he selected Dr. Samuel 
 Jackson to be lecturer on Materia Medica; Dr. John Ball to be 
 lecturer on the Institutes of Medicine, and Dr. John K. Mitchell to 
 be lecturer on Chemistry. In the May following my excellent friend, 
 Dr. Horner, called upon me and offered me, in the name of Dr. 
 Chapman, the position of Lecturer on Surgery. This was indeed 
 a surprise ; and, to myself at least, it is no wonder that I hesitated, as I 
 had not devoted special attention to this branch, and as I was not in- 
 
64 FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 tending to be an operative surgeon. I took a few days to consider the 
 question and, having received some encouragement from Dr. Horner, 
 especially as to the onerous character of my duties, I determined to 
 accept the proffered position. This was the second important turn- 
 ing-point, or incident, in my life; as, had I declined this offer, I 
 should probably never have been a teacher, and might not have suc- 
 ceeded as a practitioner. My mind and my time were now fully 
 occupied in preparatory studies for my lectures, and in their 
 preparation, as I wrote them out in full. I once more experienced 
 the exhaustive effect of mental labor. Still, as I had exercise out- 
 of-doors, no evil consequences resulted. My success as a teacher was 
 better than I anticipated, especially as I found, after some experience 
 in study, that, as Dr. Horner, expressed it, I knew more than the 
 students, and realized the important truth that to teach is the best 
 way to learn. 
 
 Another event of great importance occurred to me in September of 
 this year, 1823. A vacancy occurred in the medical department of the 
 Almshouse Hospital, in Spruce Street, above Tenth, in consequence 
 of the sudden death of one of our most promising physicians. Dr. J. 
 B. Lawrence. By the influence of my friend, Dr. Chapman, and also 
 especially of Dr. J. K. Mitchell, I received the appointment of attend- 
 ing physician; a very responsible and arduous position. This proved 
 to be particularly so during my first year of duty; for there was an 
 endemic in the hospital of typhus fever, in consequence of the intro- 
 duction of German immigrants, who had just arrived, suffering from 
 ship-fever. The atmosphere of the house became impregnated, so 
 that comparatively few escaped the poison. Even the nurses and 
 resident students were affected, and one of them died. The mortality 
 in the house was great. 
 
 One peculiar advantage of my position at the Almshouse, in addi- 
 tion to that of mere practice, was the privilege it gave me of acting 
 as clinical teacher. The practice at that time was for the student to 
 accompany the physician through the wards, where it was his 
 business carefully to examine the symptoms and the history of the 
 case, and thence to deduce the pathology, and to state the indications 
 for treatment resulting. This practice was very improving, and neces- 
 sitated, what to me was very desirable, the habit of extemporaneous 
 speaking. 
 
 In 1824 ( ?), as it was impossible for me to lecture upon the principles 
 of surgery and also upon the operations during the short session. Dr. 
 
i^AMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 65 
 
 Thomas Harris was appointed lecturer upon operative surgery. He was 
 originally from Chester Count.y, but was now a leading surgeon in 
 the United States iSTavy^ and had become a resident of Philadelphia. 
 He married one of my cousins, Jane Hodgdon, and afterwards became 
 chief of the Medical Bureau of the Navy, and was stationed at 
 Washington. After the death of his first wife he married Miss 
 Hettie McPherson, granddaughter of the late Bishop White. She 
 was a lady of much talent and character, exerting great influence in 
 the social circles of Philadelphia. The Medical Institute, thus rein- 
 forced, continued to exercise an excellent influence upon medical 
 students, whose time, instead of being lost in the summer season, 
 became fully occupied with attendance upon lectures and at the 
 hospitals. 
 
 My private practice increased, although very gradually, and the 
 pecuniary reward was very small. 
 
 No further incident in my professional course of special moment 
 occurred for several years. My friendship, however, for Mrs. Phillips 
 became more intimate, and about this time her protege, Miss Brown, 
 left school and went with her uncle, Mr. Tames Brown, to Paris. Mrs. 
 Phillips was therefore only occasionally in Philadelphia at this time, 
 but she favored me with frequent epistles replete with good thoughts 
 and good feeling, and enlivened with imagination and culture. In 
 the last of July, 1827, I made an arrangement with my cousin, James 
 Bayard, to recreate ourselves a few weeks in an excursion to the 
 l!>Jorth Eiver and Niagara. I rceived a letter from Mrs. Hammond, 
 of Westchester, N. Y., stating that Mrs. Phillips was very ill at her 
 house and exceedingly anxious to see me. I therefore anticipated my 
 proposed departure, and went to New York. Procuring a vehicle I 
 went about twelve miles into Westchester and drove to the beautiful 
 mansion of Mr. Hammond, where everything was very delightful and 
 luxurious. I was then introduced to Mrs. Hammond, the daughter 
 of Mr. John Aspinwall, Sr., of Flushing, N. Y. She was a tall, fine- 
 looking woman at this time, very dignified and lady-like in her 
 appearance, her stateliness perhaps a little augmented by a cus- 
 tom, not very uncommon in those days, of wearing a white 
 turban. She was to me very polite. After I had visited my friend 
 and patient, and contributed to her comfort, I was taken into the 
 parlor, and dinner was soon announced. I was introduced to Mr. 
 Hammond, and to his daughter, Mary Hammond, and also to 
 Margaret E. Aspinwall. After our repast was finished the young 
 5 
 
QG FAMILY HISTORY AND EEMINISCENCES. 
 
 ladies took me iu charge, and we strolled in the garden and on the 
 lawn, wliich extended down to the East Eiver. Beginning at the 
 northern extremity of the lawn was Throgmorton's Neck, which 
 stretches out into Long Island Sound. It is now (1873) owned 
 and occupied by the United States as a fortress. This most delightful 
 visit was terminated by a solitary and dark drive back to the city. 
 I had learned from Mrs. Phillips that she had been long intimately 
 acquainted with Mrs. Hammond, and with her brother, Mr. John 
 Aspinwall, Jr., of New York, and also with his wife, who was Miss 
 Susan Howland. Indeed her friendly intercourse had extended to 
 most of the Howland family, especially to Mrs. George Woolsey and 
 Mrs. James Eoosevelt, with whom she had become acquainted at 
 Norwick, Conn., as the family of Howlands have long resided in 
 that place. Of course, Mrs. Phillips took a great interest in the 
 daughter of Mr. John Aspinwall, always speaking of Margaret in 
 the most exalted manner; a circumstance which confirmed my pre- 
 possessions in her favor. 
 
 I met Mr. Bayard in New York, and together we ascended the 
 noble Hudson Eiver by steamboat, admiring its picturesque scenery 
 as we went, and arriving at Albany the next day. As Mr. Bayard had 
 some acquaintance with the family of Stephen Van Eensselaer, the 
 patroon, he ventured to introduce me to his house, where we spent 
 a pleasant afternoon and evening. The building was very large and 
 commodious. I think it was but two stories in height, but the hall 
 and rooms were of great size, and adorned with scenery paper, so 
 that these, and indeed the whole building, had an antiquated, and 
 to me a very novel, appearance. 
 
 Miss Catherine A^an Eensselaer was then there in all the elegance of 
 young womanhood, and greatly admired by innumerable suitors. She 
 afterwards married Gouverneur Willcins, and still lives as his widow. 
 There were no railroads in those days. Mr. Bayard and myself took 
 easy stages from Albany, and spent a pleasant afternoon at the beau- 
 tiful town of Waterford. We visited also the falls on the Mohawk. 
 These have furnished water-power for several mills. In a short time 
 we found ourselves at Utica, a handsome, well-arranged town, with 
 wide and shady streets. It was not at that time a large place. We 
 took a stage to Trenton Falls, where we spent a night in an excellent 
 and famous hotel. The next morning we descended into a ravine 
 of the precipitous stream, which for nearly two miles tumbles over 
 high rocks, and sometimes down into deep caverns, while in other 
 
FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 67 
 
 places it spreads itself out like a broad and quiet lake, bounded on 
 either side by banks 1800 feet high, covered with beautiful verdure. 
 The explorer had to make his way with great care and precision, 
 occasionally by means of artificial stairways, occasionally by natural 
 steps, slippery and dangerous, as below there were often deep whirl- 
 pools of water. At other times the course was very easy. It was 
 often completely overhung by rocks, where we had plenty of time for 
 musing on the combined beauties and romance of this ever-varying 
 specimen of natural scenery. Leaving TJtica, and still travelling in 
 stage coaches, we stopped at Eochester and Auburn, where we visited 
 the prison, and also at Syracuse, where we observed the great salt- 
 works. We eventuall}^ arrived at Buffalo, the great city of Western 
 New York, then a very busy place, but now increased in an enormous 
 degree. Niagara Falls was, of course, soon seen and viewed in 
 various aspects from below, from above, from the American and from 
 the British side, from the little row-boat crossing the river, and 
 also from Goat Island, which divides the American from the British 
 Falls. In those days there was no "Maid of the Mist," and no 
 wonderful railroad bridge to facilitate the movements and to increase 
 the admiration of the traveller. To Niagara Falls we must apply the 
 word "grand," while we must speak of Trenton Falls as romantic 
 and beautiful. I had to hasten home in the shortest possible time 
 to resume my professional duties on the 1st of September as teacher 
 and practitioner. I should have mentioned, perhaps, that the class of 
 the Medical Institute were kept together during the winter by the 
 lecturers, who reviewed for the benefit of the class the lectures delivered 
 at the university at their examinations or "quizzes." I took the subject 
 of surgery, which was then taught at our school by Prof. Gibson. 
 
 During this winter of 1827-28 my correspondence with Mrs. 
 Phillips was continued, and through it I was introduced to a knowl- 
 edge of many of her personal friends, and indeed learned much of 
 the history of the Rowland and Aspinwall families. Hence, I was 
 gratified to receive a note of introduction from her to several members 
 of these families, who were a])cut to visit Philadelphia. Mr. James 
 Eoosevelt and his wife (Miss Harriet Howland that was), and Mr. 
 Samuel Howland and his wife (Miss Hone that was), having 
 determined to visit our city, they invited Mrs. John Aspinwall, Mr. 
 Howland's sister (Susan Howland) with her daughter, Margaret, 
 to accompany them. They left Jersey City in their own carriages in 
 the month of Mav, 1828, and made easv drives through New Jersey, 
 
68 FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 crossing the Delaware at Trenton, and after two or three days arrived 
 here, and took lodgings at Head's Mansion House, on Third Street, 
 near Spruce, a private hotel, but one of great reputation through the 
 country. The Mansion House itself had been the residence of Mr. 
 and Mrs. Bingham, who were among the wealthiest citizens of Penn- 
 sylvania, and whose establishment had been very large and costly. 
 Mrs. Bingham herself was the centre and leader of fashion. The 
 grounds originally belonging to this house extended from Third Street 
 to Fourth, and from Spruce Street north some four or five hundred 
 feet, and were filled with beautiful trees. The family had died off: 
 the grounds were covered with buildings; but the beautiful mansion, 
 with its noble hall and white marble staircase and extensive rooms, 
 still existed to be occupied by strangers. Now (1872) this also has 
 been entirely swept away, and the space is filled with houses, which 
 are comfortable, but of small dimensions. Of course, I and my friend, 
 Mr. James Bayard, were not slow in profiting by my letter of intro- 
 duction, but presented ourselves promptly at the Mansion House, and 
 were not remiss in our subsequent attentions. We accompanied our 
 friends in their various excursions to private and public institutions, 
 and soon felt ourselves to be intimately acquainted. We regretted, 
 therefore, to hear, at the conclusion of a sojourn of some two weeks, 
 that the hour of their departure was approaching. Not many weeks 
 after I took the opportunity of visiting Mrs. Aspinwall and her 
 daughter in Bleecker Street, New York, where I became 
 acquainted with the rest of the family. As Mr. and Mrs. 
 Aspinwall and Mrs. Phillips contemplated an excursion through 
 New York in the month of August I most gladly accepted 
 an invitation to accompany them. The party consisted of 
 Mr. and Mrs. John Aspinwall and their daughters, Margaret and 
 Emily, together with Mrs. Phillips and myself. We left New Y^ork 
 in the beginning of August, stopped a night at West Point, then went 
 to the Catskill Mountains, then to Lebanon Springs by the way of 
 Hudson, then to Albany, Utica, and once more to Trenton Falls. As 
 1 was in this way brought again into intimate association with tlie 
 elder daughter, Margaret, I could not but give a most cordial endorse- 
 ment to all that my friend, Mrs. Phillips, had said about the excel- 
 lencies of character and the attractive qualities by which she was dis- 
 tinguished. T was therefore most truly gratified that she accepted 
 my offer to join our fortunes for life. After the visit to Trenton 
 Falls Mr. and Mrs. Aspinwall left us to visit Niagara, and I became 
 
FAMILY HISTORY AND EEMINISCEXCES. 69 
 
 the protector of the other ladies. We accordingly retraced our steps 
 to Albany, and proceeded thence to the neighborhood of Poughkeepsie 
 that we might visit "Eosedale," formerly the seat of Mr. James Koose- 
 velt; but now occupied by his son, Isaac Eoosevelt, who, a year pre- 
 viously, had married Mary, the third daughter of Mr. Aspinwall. I 
 had thus what was, under the circumstances, a very exciting, as well 
 as a most interesting visit. New attachments were formed with the 
 sisters in Mr. Aspinwall's family which have since been strengthened 
 by years of affectionate interest in each other's welfare; attachments 
 which still remain unbroken. Here this eventful journey terminated. 
 I returned to my mother in Philadelphia, and resumed my hospital 
 duties, my lectures, and my practice, in the month of September. But 
 naturally my mind and thoughts were much in Kew York, and com- 
 munications in those days were slow. Still I was able occasionally to 
 visit Mr. Aspinwall's house, and was glad to have an early day ap- 
 pointed for our marriage. This very important event in my life was 
 accomplished at 31 Bleecker Street, New York, at the residence of 
 Mr. Aspinwall, on the twelfth of November, 1828. The ceremony 
 was performed by the Eev. George Upfold, then rector of St. 
 Thomas's Church, at the corner of Broadway and Houston 
 Street, who afterwards became Bishop of Indiana. He died recently 
 at an advanced age. There was on this occasion a crowded room of 
 relations and friends. Alas, how few remain! Of the older mem- 
 bers of the family not one. The next day we went to Westchester to 
 visit aunt Hammond for a few days, and, on our return to New York, 
 were entertained by different members of the family. About the 24th 
 of November we left New York for Philadelphia, accompanied by 
 sister Emily. We took the steamboat from the city very early in the 
 morning for New Brunswick on the Earitan, and went thence by pri- 
 vate coach to my brother's house in Princeton, where we arrived in 
 time for dinner. At Princeton we remained for a day or two, and 
 on the 27th of November came to our house in Philadelphia, where I 
 had the gratification of introducing my mother to her new daughter. 
 My cousin, Theodosia Bayard, on my mother's invitation, spent the 
 evening with us. 
 
 Our residence at 181 Walnut Street had undergone several changes. 
 The two sisters, Mrs. Ingersoll and Mrs. Graydon, had taken apart- 
 ments in the neighborhood, and the house had been, in some good mea- 
 sure, refurnished. This was accomplished by the use of the little money 
 which remained in my mother's possesssion, the last remnant of my 
 
70 FAMILY HISTORY AXD REMINISCENCES, 
 
 grandfather's estate. Everything was very plain but comfortable, and 
 in such circinnstances we were destined to spend some pleasant years, 
 from 1828 to 1836. On the day following our arrival, according to 
 the customs of those times, I received my male acquaintances to a 
 noon-day collation on the 28th instant; and early in the following 
 week Margaret held a reception, and was favored with a large number 
 of visitors, to most of whom she was of course a stranger, but many of 
 whom she retained as valuable friends. During the subsequent months 
 of the winter we were frequently entertained at evening parties. Sis- 
 ter Emily remained with us many weeks, and Margaret herself paid a 
 visit to New York about mid-winter, crossing the Delaware at Market 
 Street in a small "wherry-boat" on the ice. 
 
 After my engagement with Miss Aspinwall mother had gone to 
 make a visit to our cousin, Mr. Samuel Boyd, in New York. She 
 was now introduced to the family of Mr. Aspinwall, with whom she 
 was evidently much gratified. Her quick perception detected the 
 excellencies of their character, and their practical acquaintance with 
 the duties of life. She returned home for the re-organization of our 
 house, preparatory to my marriage, which was celebrated, as 
 above related, on the 12th of November, 1828. She gave 
 up the whole house to us, retiring to the front room of 
 the third story, saying and feeling that the great work of 
 her life was accomplished, for her children were both mar- 
 ried, and were both engaged prosperously in their respective profes- 
 sions. Few mothers have manifested more self-denial, and more 
 spirit and energy than did this devoted parent to her fatherless chil- 
 dren, and that under very adverse circumstances in a city where she 
 had none of her own personal relatives, but where she secured, not 
 only the admiration, but the love and confidence of her husband's rela- 
 tives and a wide circle of devoted friends. She survived my marriage 
 three years and five months in very tolerable health, free from anxiety 
 and trouble, and greatly enjoyed the company and attentions of her 
 new daughter. Two of my sons were born during this interval, in 
 whom she took the greatest interest, and to whose comfort, and also 
 to the comfort of their mother, she greatly contributed. The mother 
 and the daughter had a mutual respect the one for the other, and 
 rejoiced in a connection so intimate and so fruitful in blessing. 
 
 As might be expected, my professional influence was augmented by 
 my marriage. My practice, which had always been sufficient as to 
 quantity, but deficient as to profitableness, now increased in value- 
 
FAMILY HISTORY AXD REMINISCENCES. 71 
 
 month after month; ahnost insensibly, it is true, but positively and 
 permanently. 
 
 In the year 1829 new duties and new anxieties came to us, for on 
 the second of September of that year my eldest child was born, and 
 was named Charles Blanchard. The previous summer had been very 
 oppressive, so that, under the circumstances, Margaret suffered more 
 than usual: indeed, for a few weeks she was seriously ill, erysipelas 
 having come on her face and head. Nevertheless, she did very well, and 
 was soon aide to perform all her maternal duties to her first-born. The 
 child was small and had an unusually pallid and white complexion, but 
 was renuirkably healthy, never suffering under the usual trials and 
 pains of infancy. In March, 1830, however, my own health began to 
 decline. I had a few sick days in the last of the month. These were 
 followed by a complete suspension of the functions of the liver, so 
 that I became perfectly jaundiced. This did not entirely incapacitate 
 me for duty; but the disease produced its usual effects; great inertia 
 of mind and body, loss of appetite, etc. As medicine did not seem 
 to have much effect I visited my brother at Princeton to try the ef- 
 ficacy of change of air and exercise, including working in the garden, 
 etc. As a result of this treatment my strength increased, and I re- 
 turned to Philadelphia the last of May. Soon afterwards the jaun- 
 dice began gradually to diminish, and in a few weeks entirely van- 
 ished, owing perhaps to the use of the fresh vegetables of the season, 
 and especially strawberries. June and July proved very warm, and, 
 as my practice was increased, and as I had no vehicle, I was much 
 exposed to the sun, and exhausted by fatigue. The result of all was 
 a serious attack of remittent fever, which kept me confined the whole 
 month of August. I had to send to Kew York for Mrs. Hodge, who 
 had gone thither Avith her infant to escape the heat of the summer. 
 In September I found myself greatly emaciated and weak, with an 
 enlargement of the spleen. I then left the city, travelling with my 
 cousin, Mr. Andrew Bayard, then also quite an invalid, in a carriage 
 to New Brunswick, and thence up the North River to West Point, 
 where I joined my sister, Emily Aspinwall. Finding myself, how- 
 ever, again very miserable I rapidly returned home. The cool weather 
 of the autumn gradually revived me, and I entered once more upon 
 my professional duties, which were then continued for a number of 
 years without intermission or sickness. 
 
 In December, 1830, my friend. Dr. Thomas C. James, resigned his 
 position as obstetric physician at the Pennsylvania Hospital, and I 
 
72 FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 was immediately selected as his successor. In consequence of this new 
 appointment I resigned my position as attending physician at the 
 Philadelphia Almshouse, where I had labored for seven years. 
 
 About this time also I became a communicant in the Second Pres- 
 bi'terian Church (Mr. Sanford being then pastor), to which my 
 parents and grandparents had been devoted. This Second Presby- 
 terian Church resulted, in a great measure from the preaching of 
 the celebrated missionary, George A^^iitefield. Many of his hearers, 
 and some persons also who belonged to the First Presbyterian Church 
 on Market Street, worshipped in the old Academy on Fourth Street 
 near Arch. It was termed the Whitefield Chapel. They were soon regu- 
 larly organized as a church.* A lot of ground was afterwards bought 
 at the northwest corner of Third and Arch Streets, and a building 
 with a steeple of brick was erected about the year 1745, the Eev. 
 Dr. Gilbert Tennent being pastor. My grandfather, Mr. Andrew 
 Hodge, and my great-uncle, Mr. Hugh Hodge,t were among the origi- 
 nal trustees. Colonel John Bayard, who was my imcle by marriage, 
 and whose wife, Jane, was a daughter of my grandfather, Andrew, 
 also became a trustee. The building was situated east and west, a 
 large front door 1)eing on Third Street, and the steeple at the opposite, 
 or west extremity ; so that the general aspect was very similar to that 
 of St. Peter's Church at the southwest corner of Third and Pine 
 Streets. I have distinct recollections of the appearance of this church 
 al)out the beginning of the present century. A very large and 
 high mahogany pulpit, with a stair-case on either side, was 
 placed on the north side of the church, and over it was a large 
 sounding-board, which, to my youthful imagination, suggested much 
 danger to the preacher. In front of the pulpit was a high mahogany 
 desk for the precentor, whose duties at that time were performed 
 with great earnestness and zeal by Mr. Eastburn, who was afterwards 
 ordained as an evangelist. In this station he proved exceedingly 
 useful and ])opular, especially among sailors; and to his efforts we 
 are indebted for the first mariners' church in Philadelphia and 
 probably in the United States. There was a middle aisle in front 
 of the pulpit, which, of course, was comparatively short, running 
 from north to south to the long aisle from east to west. Most of 
 
 ♦The date was December, 1743. 
 
 t Mr. Hugh Hodge's name does not appear in the list of original trustees in the 
 charter granted by Thomas Penn and John Penn; but later (March 3, 17S0,) In "An 
 Act for re-establishing the Charter of the Second Presbyterian Church in the City of 
 Philadelphia, &c."— E. B. H. 
 
FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 73 
 
 the aisle was paved with brick; but nearly one half toward the 
 pulpit was covered with the tombstones of the former pastors, Tennent, 
 Davis* and Finley,* who were there buried in accordance with an old 
 usage. It is much to be feared that these old and venerated stones 
 have been lost or stolen through neglect. The pews also were of 
 the old pattern. They were high, of simple wood, painted white, 
 and surmounted by a mahogany rail. As the aisle in front of the 
 pulpit was curved, there was a corresponding curvature in front of 
 the two pews at the head of the middle aisle; hence, these pews 
 were triangular, having one long seat and one short one at right 
 angles. There were many square pews also, especially on the southern 
 side of the building: one of these in particular was called the 
 Governor's, or President's, pew. It was situated directly opposite the 
 pulpit in the middle aisle against the Arch .Street wall. It was 
 surmounted by a wooden canopy, supported by two carved wooden 
 columns. There is still in possession of the church a small glass 
 chandelier which was purchased from the effects of General "Wash- 
 ington, and tradition says that it hung in this pew. My first recol- 
 lections of this chandelier were after the altering and rebuilding 
 of the church in 1809. There were galleries on three sides of the 
 church, which were comparatively short on the east and west 
 extremities, while the one on the south side opposite the pulpit 
 was long. The main door of the church was on the east side on 
 Third Street. There was a smaller door on Arch Street toward the 
 west end, corresponding therefore to the western aisle. There was 
 another small door on the north side near Third Street. This 
 opened upon a wide passage extending west from Third Street. On the 
 north side of this passage was a high row of buildings occupied partly 
 for stores, a carpenter shop, etc., and partly by our congregation for 
 a lecture-room. On the western extremity of this building was a 
 school-room, to which I once went as a pupil. The tower was on 
 the west end of the church building. It was made of l)rick and 
 was surmounted by a wooden spire, and there was a room under 
 the tower occupied as a carpenter shop. Dr. Ashbel Green, former 
 colleague of Dr. Sproat, was the senior pastor of the church, and 
 Jacob J. Janeway was his colleigue. The sexton was Mr. Lesley, a 
 cabinetmaker, and the chief undertaker of the church. The church 
 building stood some distance back of the legal line on Arch Street, 
 
 * This name does not appear in the list of pastors. The epitaphs of Gilbert Tennent, 
 Samuel Finley and James Sproat are preserved. — E. B. H. 
 
74 FAMILY HISTORY AND KEMIXISCEXCES. 
 
 SO that there was a very broad pavement; and on every Sal^bath 
 morning, as soon as the services had commenced, iron chains were 
 drawn across Arch Street and Third Street to arrest the passage of 
 vehicles, that the congregation might not be disturbed. This privilege, 
 which was granted in those days very respectfully to our own and 
 other churches, was afterwards Avithdrawn as trespassing upon the 
 rights of the masses. In 1S08 complaints were made respecting the 
 stability of the spire of our steeple. These complaints Avere con- 
 sidered to be well-founded, and the sjjire was taken down. As 
 the congregation was then very prosperous it was determined to 
 remodel the whole building. Accordingly the structure was entirely 
 demolished, except the north, soutli and east walls, and in its recon- 
 struction the space formerly occupied by the steeple was taken into 
 the main building, which was thus greatly enlarged. The old and 
 venerable mahogany pulpit with its appurtenances disappeared, and 
 a neat wooden pulpit, ornamented with some carving, with a stair- 
 case on either side and a precentor's desk in front, now occupied the 
 west end of the building. The middle aisle was now the long aisle 
 of the church, extending east and west. The pews also were modern- 
 ized, being much lower and furnished with cushions. The galleries 
 were reversed, so that there were now two long ones and one short 
 one, the last being at the eastern extremity. Glass chandeliers for 
 candles, including General Washington's, appeared at regular inter- 
 vals, while candelabra were affixed to the pulpit. Churches in those 
 days were very seldom warmed. Little foot-stoves, or hot bricks, 
 enveloped in carpeting, were often brought in by servants for the 
 comfort of the elderly and the invalid. Just about this time stoves 
 were introduced into our church, with their long, black pipes, extend- 
 ing nearly the whole length of the building and under the galleries. 
 Wood was burned at that time, and much inconvenience was some- 
 times produced from the droppings of a dark fluid from the joints 
 of the pipes. The whole interior of the building was painted white, 
 and had a very pleasant, cheerful look. The Avindows were large 
 and numerous. The exterior of the edifice was now roughcast, of 
 a dull light color, which gave it a neat appearance. But, after all 
 that could be said for it, the church, as reconstructed, was a long, 
 narrow, barn-like affair, without ornaments or architectural pre- 
 tensions of any kind. 
 
 The congregation re-entered their building in 1809, a large, 
 prosperous and united body of people. The eloquent Dr. Green 
 
FAMILY IIISTOKY AND REMINISCENCES. 75 
 
 was much beloved, and although often weak and nervous, always 
 attracted large assemblies, Avhile his less admired, but excellent 
 colleague, Dr. Janeway, was heard with respectful attention. The 
 church was, however, destined to sustain a great loss by the removal 
 of their senior pastor to the presidency of the College of New Jersey 
 at Princeton, to which situation he was elected in June, 1812, upon 
 the resignation of the venerable Samuel Stanhope Smith. 
 
 The duties of the congregation were too onerous for Dr. Janeway, 
 so that an assistant became necessary. Under these circumstances 
 Mr. Thomas II. Skinner, then about twenty-two years of age, was 
 called to this important position. He was a young man of great 
 talent and piety, exceedingly enthusiastic under the impulse of a 
 warm imagination and a strong desire to do good. His style of 
 preaching, which was very eloquent, was exceedingly diverse from the 
 grave and didactic soundness to which this church had been 
 accustomed. His voice and his manner corresponded to the intensity 
 of his feelings, and he poured forth in tones of fervid eloquence, 
 not only the blessed invitations and promises of the gospel, but 
 also the terrible threatenings and denunciations of the law, not 
 infrequently broaching sentiments which were thought to be not 
 quite orthodox, and which were afterwards denominated "new school" 
 doctrines. The excitement therefore was great, and at the time I 
 left college, in 181-t, was approaching its crisis. The old elders 
 of the church, and a large number of the congregation, were so 
 decidedly opposed to his preaching that Mr. Skinner eventually 
 resigned his place and retired with twelve or fifteen families to a 
 building on Locust Street, above Eighth, where the Musical Fund 
 Hall now stands. His popularity greatly increased, and he became 
 so strong that his friends succeeded in erecting a handsome building, 
 which still exists in Arch Street, above Tenth. Here Dr. Skinner 
 was so much favored as to organize a strong and devoted church, 
 which, notwithstanding some reverses, owing to change of pastors, is 
 now exceedingly prosperous under the pastoral care of Mr. Withrow. 
 Soon after this event Dr. Janeway resigned his office in the church 
 and was elected a professor of theology in the new theological semin- 
 ary at Allegheny City, while Eev. Mr. Sanford, of Brooklyn, N. Y., 
 became pastor of our church. He was a young man, and acquired 
 much reputation as a speaker and pastor. He had lately been married. 
 His coming was full of promise, and his preaching was generally 
 very acceptable, so that the church was well attended, and for a 
 
76 FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 time eYer3i:hing seemed to be doing very well. Nevertheless;, a secret 
 dissatisfaction exisited among a j)ortion of the congregation as to the 
 teachings and doings of the new pastor, while enthusiastic devotion 
 prevailed among the rest. Most lamentably this division extended 
 to the elders and leading members of the church, so that much dis- 
 sension resulted, and efforts were made both to remove and to retain 
 Mr. Sanford. Such a state of things could not continue. Finally, 
 the friends of the pastor, led by such excellent men as Alexander 
 Henry and Matthew Bevan, determined to withdraw, while Mr. 
 Robert Ealston, Mr. Charles Chauncey and others of equal importance, 
 adhered to the old church. But before the unnatural and unfor- 
 tunate separation was accomplished, the Rev. Mr. Sanford was taken 
 ill and died, and many of us trusted that the party feelings engendered 
 would be allayed by this solemn dispensation of Providence. It is 
 mournful, however, to record that this was by no means the case. 
 The feelings of l)oth parties had become too much excited for recon- 
 ciliation. Consequently, when the funeral services of Mr. Sanford 
 had been performed in the church, all his friends, amounting to nearly 
 one-half of the congregation, retired and organized themselves into a 
 new church, and soon afterwards erected a commodious building at 
 the southeast corner of Eighth and Cherry Streets. They procured 
 as pastor the Rev. John McDowell, who for some twenty or thirty 
 years had been a most acceptable and successful pastor at Elizabeth, 
 JST. J. The Second Church, thus reduced in numbers, obtained the 
 services of the Rev. C. C. Cuyler, an influential clergyman of the Dutch 
 Reformed Church, of Poughkeepsie, N. Y.* 
 
 In the course of a year or two it was deemed expedient to dispose 
 of the property at the corner of Third and Arch Streets, and to erect 
 a new building in Seventh Street, south of Arch, on the east side. 
 The front of this building was of marble, and the interior very chaste 
 
 *0ne of the Innovations of Mr. Sanford to the old quiet habits of the Second Churcli 
 was bis practice of calling upon all new members to stand up when their names were 
 read and to give their assent to the great gospel principles of the Church and to 
 enter into covenant with the people. In those days also it was customary at the 
 administration of the Lord's Supper to have narrow tables, covered with white cloth 
 and furnished with benches, extending down the aisles. To these all the communi- 
 cants resorted while the elements were passed along. When some retired to their 
 pews others took their places, so that two and even three tables were often thus filled, 
 at each of which addresses were made by one or more clergymen. Formerly, more- 
 over, it was customary on the Friday evening previous to the communion to dis- 
 tribute little lead tokens to each communicant, and it was the business of the elders 
 to collect these as each table was filled, and before the elements were distributed. 
 This practice, whatever may have been its utility, had been abandoned by our Church. 
 1 inyself, however, well recollect its regular enforcement. 
 
FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 77 
 
 and commodious. The pulpit was built, somewhat in the form of a 
 mausoleum, of pure white marble on a platform about a foot high. It 
 was about fifteen feet long, and about five feet high, a complete paral- 
 lelogram, at the middle portion of which was another piece of marble, 
 five feet in length and two or three feet in height, surmounted by the 
 cushion, in front of the pulpit, while below there was a communion- 
 table of mahogany, somewhat carved and ornamented and covered with 
 a slab of black marble. In the rear of the pulpit and in the recess was 
 a tablet of white marble in memory of the first pastor, Gilbert 
 Tennent.* 
 
 It is a painful fact to state that neither of these two congregations, 
 although thus well furnished with new buildings and new pastors, 
 was at all prosperous. After many years Dr. McDowell was com- 
 pelled to resign his position; and it is only within the last few years 
 that the congregation has been much increased. It is now thriving 
 under the care of Eev, Alexander Eeed. In Seventh Street we 
 lingered and dwindled in numbers from deaths and removals under 
 the care of the Eev. Dr. Cuyler, and, after his death, under the Eev. 
 Dr. Shields, now professor in the College of New Jersey. 
 
 In 1865, upon the retirement of Dr. Shields, the Eev. E. E. 
 Beadle, who had been a missionary in Syria, and a pastor in New 
 Orleans and also in Hartford, Conn., became our pastor. He had 
 made a great reputation, especially as an earnest and eloquent 
 preacher; a reputation which he fully maintained upon his arrival 
 in Philadelj^hia. The church improved very much, but not with 
 sufficient rapidity to satisfy the mind of our pastor, to say nothing of 
 many of our people. The cause was attributed to the removal of 
 influential Presbyterians from the eastern to the western part of 
 the city. Hence, after much discussion, it was determined to sell 
 our present church building and erect another in a more promising 
 situation. The sale was soon effected by auction, and we, therefore, 
 most unfortunately had no place to go to, and, what was a still more 
 unfortunate circumstance, there was the greatest difference of 
 opinion as to what would be a suitable location. We made a 
 temporary engagement at Horticultural Hall, on Broad Street, above 
 Spruce; a place which proved to be very uncomfortable, and did 
 not therefore in any way contribute to harmonize our sentiments. 
 After considering various propositions, we determined to purchase the 
 lot at the corner of Twenty-first and Walnut Streets in the autiunn 
 
 * This tablet is to the memory, not only of Gilbert Tennent, but of George WMte- 
 field as well, "to whose evangelistic labors the church owes its existence."— E. B. H. 
 
78 FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 of 186?. But even tliis resolution, although supiDorted by a hand- 
 some subscription for the lot, did not quiet our troubles. Early in 
 January, 1868, some of our most influential people were anxious 
 to accept a proposition to merge ourselves with the congregation in 
 Arch Street, above Tenth. This was again the source of great 
 difference of opinion and debate. The congregation being nearly 
 equally divided on the subject, an appeal had to be made to the 
 Central Presbytery of Philadelphia, who almost unanimously refused 
 to sanction the proposed union. Notwithstanding this decision, it 
 was impossible for some time to settle upon a locality for the church. 
 Various points were suggested, examined, and voted upon, and it 
 was not until the 22d of June, 1868, that a decisive vote was given 
 in favor of the lot on the corner of Twenty-first and Walnut Streets. 
 The ownership of the lot had by this time changed hands, and we 
 had to give $7000 more than would have been required in the fall 
 of 1867; and moreover, although a very large majority of the 
 opponents still adhered to the old church, still we lost several of 
 our most influential and wealthy families. Nevertheless, the deter- 
 mination to go forward in what seemed to us a great and important 
 work for the cause of religion in general, and especially for Presby- 
 terianism in this section of the city where a church was very much 
 wanted, and where a population, cultivated and influential, was 
 rapidly increasing, was rewarded by the obtaining of subscriptions 
 amounting to some $33,000. A highly architectural plan was pre- 
 pared by Mr. Henry A. Sims, and ground was broken on 
 the 26th day of March, 1869, and since that time we have steadily 
 persevered under many discouragements and difficulties in the prose- 
 cution of our work, until now, in February, 1873, the walls have been 
 erected, the roof has been finished, and the work is so far advanced 
 that we hope to enter the building before termination of the 
 coming spring. In November, 1868, with a view to securing a 
 regular attendance of our meml^ers, and to increase our numbers, we 
 commenced the erection of a plain building on the southern extremity 
 ot our lot. To this building we transferred our old pews, gas-fixtures 
 and part of the pulpit, and secured in this way quite a home-like, 
 though humljlc, place of worship, which we occupied with mutual 
 congratulations on the 17th of January, 1869. This experiment has 
 been quite successful, inasmuch as our income is now sufficient for 
 our annual expenses, including $4000 for the salary of our pastor, and 
 there have been so many additions to our membership that seats can 
 
FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 79 
 
 hardly be pro\dded for them. We trust, therefore, that a very good 
 nucleus has now been formed, under the blessing of Providence, for the 
 resuscitation of the old Second Presbyterian Church to its former 
 influence and usefulness at home and abroad. 
 
 My own health, after my illness in 1830, was quite good, 
 and my practice was constantly increasing, and as the fa- 
 tigue of walking had, under these circumstances, become 
 great, I determined, although my income was still small, to 
 procure a gig; a two- wheeled vehicle for one horse. It so 
 happened that our arrangements were just completed on the 12th 
 of August, 1831, and on that day my second son, John Aspinwall, 
 was born; his brother Charles being not quite two years of age. He 
 was apparently a stronger child than his predecessor, and did very 
 well, although for six weeks he had the icterus infantilis. His 
 dear mother was also very well. 
 
 Tn the spring of 1832 I was destined to experience my 
 first great affliction. My mother, who had been somewhat of 
 an invalid for some two or three years, as she suffered from 
 a slight bronchial affection, became unexpectedly very ill early 
 in April, 1832. She had been subject to wandering pains, generally in 
 her limbs, which were of a gouty character, attended with slight 
 depositions in some of the finger joints, and occasionally wdth more 
 or less distress in the region of the stomach. She had taken a slight 
 cold, which for two or three days did not seem to be of any import- 
 ance; but this was, to my surprise, followed by pulmonary congestion 
 and mild delirium. She died April the 14th, after an illness of a few 
 days, too soon for my brother even to reach her from Princeton. 
 
 On Friday morning, the 14th of April, she was evidently sinking, 
 and toward two o'clock she fell asleep without suffering and without 
 anxiety. She had long felt that her work was really done. She 
 had made a good profession, not only as a faithful communicant in 
 the church, but by a constant self-denying devotion to the duties of a 
 life emphatically consecrated to the welfare of others. To her her 
 sons are indebted for their education, and for all the influence for 
 good which they may have exerted or which they may yet exert. 
 Truly they are blessed in having had such a parent. 
 
 She was interred in the Presbyterian burying-ground in Arch 
 Street, above Fifth. The funeral services were conducted by her 
 pastor. Dr. Ashbel Green, by whom she was also married. Dr. Green 
 had moreover baptized her children, and delivered an eulogium over 
 the grave of her husband. Dr. Hodoe. Her mother's maiden name 
 
80 FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 was Himt, and she was probably of English descent. Her father's 
 name was Joseph Blanchard. He came doubtless of French ancestry, 
 descended, I suppose, from the Huguenots, who were exiled from 
 France. Her early years were spent in Boston. She was born in 
 that city in November, 1765. Her youthful experience, therefore, 
 was amidst the excitements preparatory to the rebellion of the 
 colonies against the authority of Great Britain. Of course, the 
 opportunities for education were few. These few, how^ever, were 
 well employed, for she early manifested a great love for reading. 
 This taste was indeed so strong that she often retired from the fire- 
 side circle, and in a cold room, in a Boston winter, envel- 
 oped in a blanket, would read and commit to memory pas- 
 sages from Pope and Dryden, many of which she could still 
 repeat even in the latter portion of her life. Her family 
 physician was the celebrated Dr. Joseph Warren, afterwards Major 
 General Warren, of Bunker Hill memory, and one of the first 
 martyrs in his country's cause. Her recollections of him were 
 very vivid. He occasionally came to see her, as she suffered 
 somewhat from weak eyes. On such occasions she would be taken 
 upon his knees, not so much, however, to receive medical attention as 
 to hear him discourse on the exciting controversies of the day, as he 
 early devoted himself with enthusiasm to the cause of the colonies. 
 He boldly uttered his denunciations against the Parliament of 
 England to crowded audiences of Americans and English in Faneuil 
 Hall, even when the galleries were filled with the red-coats of the 
 British Army. On one occasion, in her father's parlor, Warren was 
 advised by his friends to be less severe, as otherwise he would doubt- 
 less be imprisoned. He cooly turned up the ruffles at his wrist, and 
 stretching forth his arms exclaimed: "These were never made for 
 fetters.'^ So it proved, for no one ventured to disturb him.* 
 
 » Notfi by H. W. H. 
 
 It is sometimes interesting and curious to observe in the lives of people points in 
 the road where for a moment two paths touch and diverge again. In Dr. Warren 
 there is a slight meeting of the Hodge and Aspinwall families; for this gentleman, 
 so kind a friend and so honored a physician in the childhood of father's mother, was 
 also a kinsman of William Aspinwall, M. D., who was a relative of father's wife, 
 Margaret Aspinwall. He was born in Brookline, Mass., on the 23rd of May, old style, 
 1743. His ancestors emigrated from England about the year 1630 with some four thou- 
 sand others. Peter Aspinwall first settled at Dorchester, and afterwards at Brookline 
 about the year 1650. William was a descendant of this Peter. He completed his edu- 
 cation at the hospital in Philadelphia, where he received the degree of Doctor of 
 Medicine in the University of Pennsylvania. About the year 176S he returned to his 
 native village and commenced the practice of medicine, being the first physician who 
 settled in the place. At the commencement of the Revolutionary War, Under an 
 enthusiastic impulse to espouse the cause of the country he applied for a commission 
 
FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 81 
 
 My mother never gave me many details of her early life; but it 
 would appear that her parents died when she was young. Her 
 brothers and sisters, mostly married, and she came to Philadelphia, 
 at twenty or twenty-two years of age, with her brother, Mr. John 
 Blanchard. Another brother, Mr. Samuel Blanchard, married a 
 niece of the Hon. Timothy Pickering, who was a colonel in the 
 Kevolutionary Army, and afterwards Secretary of War under Wash- 
 ington. Mr. Blanchard settled himself on a delightful farm at 
 Wenliam, near Salem, Mass. He had three children, Henry, Francis 
 and Lucy. Henry devoted himself to a sea life, and never married. 
 Lucy married Mr. Orne, of Salem, but died without children. Prancis 
 married a sister or niece of Mrs. Colonel Gardiner, who died, leaving 
 one child, who was brought up by Mrs. Gardiner. Francis himself 
 
 in the Army, but his kinsman and friend, Dr. Joseph Warren, afterwards Major-Gen- 
 eral Warren, persuaded him from this pursuit, and induced him to serve his country 
 in the medical department. Accordingly Dr. AspinwaU received the appointment of 
 surgeon in General Heath's Brigade, and soon afterwards that of Deputy-Director of 
 the hospital at Jamaica Plains, by the recommendation of General Warren. On the 
 memorable day of the battle of Lexington Dr. AspinwaU was a volunteer and was 
 personally engaged in the conflict. He bore from the field the corpse of Isaac Gardi- 
 ner, Esq., whose oldest daughter he afterwards married. Dr. AspinwaU had the body 
 of his revered friend carried to his house and buried at midnight in order that the 
 number of our martyred citizens might, as much as possible, be concealed from public 
 view. 
 
 Dr. AspinwaU erected hospitals for inoculation in Brookline, and perhaps no prac- 
 titioner in the United States ever inoculated so many persons and acquired such skill 
 and celebrity. He had made ample accommodations for enlarged practice, and estab- 
 lished what might have been justly deemed a sure foundation for prosperity, when 
 the vaccine inoculation was introduced. He well knew that, if this method of protec- 
 tion from smallpox possessed the virtues ascribed to it, his schemes of fortune and 
 usefulness from inoculation in his hospital were ruined, and his anticipations of 
 wealth would be blasted. Nevertheless, as an honest and faithful physician, he gave 
 the new method a fair trial, promptly acknowledged its efficiency and relinquished his 
 own establishment. The following account is given in the "Medical Intelligencer" of 
 that time:— "I had invited all the elder physicians of Boston and the vicinity of Cam- 
 bridge to see the first vaccine pustules ever raised in the new world. They gave 
 them the ordinary inspection of an unusual eruption on the skin; all but Dr. Aspin- 
 waU, whose attention was riveted on the pustule, its areola and efflorescence. He 
 came the second time and viewed the inoculated part in every light, and reviewed 
 it, and seemed loath to leave the sight of it. He seemed wrapped in serious thought, 
 and said repeatedly, "This pustule is so like smallpox, and yet is not smallpox, that, 
 should it on scabbing take out a portion of the true skin so as to leave an Indelible 
 mark, or pit, behind, I shall be ready to conclude that it is a mild species of smallpox 
 hitherto unknown here.' Some time afterwards I gave him a portion of the virus to 
 make his own experiments with. To crown the whole of his remarkable conduct he 
 some time afterwards took all those of my family whom I had vaccinated mto his 
 smallpox hospital and there tested them, and then said to me and to others :-'This 
 new inoculation of yours is no sham. As a man of humanity I rejoice in it, although 
 it will take from me a handsome annual income.' He died on the 16th of April, 1823, 
 of natural decay, having nearly completed his eightieth year. Dr. AspinwaU was 
 endowed with a strong intellect and a resoluteness that shrunk from no labor or du.y. 
 He was a fellow of the Massachusetts Medical Society, and also Justice of the Peace 
 throughout the Commonwealth." 
 
82 FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES, 
 
 died of consnmjjtion about the year 1811 or 1812. His daughter 
 aTterwards became the wife of the Honorable Eobert Winthrop. 
 She lived some yearS;, and died leaving two or three children. (See 
 letter of Miss Pickering.) Two of these children are living, I 
 Lelieve, and one was educated as a law3^er. This young gentleman 
 married, and spent some time in Europe. Another brother of my 
 mother's, Joshua Blanchard, lived in Boston. As far as I know, 
 he had two daughters. They were both married in succession to Mr. 
 Winslow. Several children were the issue of the first marriage. 
 One of the sons brought his wife on a visit to Philadelphia. Her 
 health was bad, and they went to spend the winter in Barbadoes. He 
 afterwards wrote me a very pleasant letter, giving an excellent 
 description of the climate and productions of this island, and of 
 the benefits which his wife derived from her winter there. 
 
 About the year 1860 I had a visit from one of his sisters, Miss 
 Winslow, a remarkably cheerful and pleasant woman, possessing 
 evidently a Avarm and affectionate heart. She exhibited no little 
 delight in seeing a son of her l^eloved aunt Mary. She informed me 
 that her uncle, Mr. John Blanchard, was at that time living at 
 Boston, seventy-five years of age, the only one remaining who retained 
 the family name. I had a correspondence with him respecting the 
 family history. 
 
 Mr. John Blanchard, my mother's brother, married in a manner 
 disagreeable to her, and this event with other circumstances of an 
 unpleasant character, destroyed their intimacy. Some of his grand- 
 children are still living in Philadelphia, My mother's youngest 
 brother was Mr, Thomas Blanchard. He, rather early in life, went 
 to Norfolk, Va., and there married a Miss Amy Newton, whose 
 brother, Thomas Newton, was for many years a member of Congress. 
 Another brother, George Newton, was president of the United States 
 Branch Bank at Norfolk, Mr, Blanchard had several children, Charles, 
 Henry, Alfred, Edward and Carey, and one daughter, Georgianna. 
 I believe his children were all born in Norfolk. Soon after their 
 birth Mr. Blanchard, out of pecuniary considerations, established 
 himself near Natchez, Miss., where he soon afterwards died. Charles 
 and Henry were lawyers, but died early. Their father's widow, Mrs. 
 Amy Blanchard, found liersclf with this family of children, and witli 
 very limited resources. She was remarkably quiet, but Judicious, and 
 filled with energy and spirit. After selling off her plantation in 
 Mississippi, she purchased land in Louisiana, on the Red Eiver, near 
 
FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 83 
 
 Alexandria, then a very wild country, so that the land was very 
 cheap. She was greatly prospered, and became quite wealthy before 
 her death, which occurred in 1837 or 1838. The three elder sons died 
 before the family left Mississippi. Edward entered the United States 
 Navy, and many years afterwards married a French lady, and settled 
 at jSTatchitoches, in western Louisiana. He died suddenly from an 
 accident, leaving several children. Mrs. Amy Blanchard's daughter, 
 Georgianna, married a Captain Wilkinson, U. S. A. He soon after- 
 wards resigned and settled at Alexandria, La. They lived for several 
 years, and when they died left several sons and daughters, who were 
 taken care of by their uncle, Carey Blanchard. One of these daughters 
 
 married a Mr. , of Louisiana, but died early, leaving 
 
 however, three or four children. Two of her boys, grandchildren 
 of Georgianna, have visited Philadelphia lately, and are now being 
 educated in Virginia. Their father has been married again, and 
 still lives in Louisiana. A second daughter of Mrs. Wilkinson's died 
 during the Avar, and a third daughter is living, I believe, in Balti- 
 more, whence she wrote me a letter some two years ago. The younger 
 son of my uncle, Thomas Blanchard, Mr. Carey Blanchard, succeeded 
 his mother on the plantation near Alexandria, La., where he brought 
 up a family of children. He had the misfortune to lose one wife 
 after another. His last, and fourth wife, was of French extraction, 
 a widow with three children, and possessing considerable property. 
 He was married to this fourth wife in 1860, and immediately after- 
 wards paid a visit to the ISTorth, staying a week with us at our home 
 near Germantown that summer. He returned to Louisiana in the 
 fall, but died two or three years afterwards during the war. I have 
 heard indirectly that his widow is still living with her children on 
 her own plantation. I have not had for a long time any direct news of 
 many (any ?) of the family in Louisiana. Carey Blanchard in Louisiana 
 and John Blanchard in Boston were the last of my mother's nephews. 
 In 1860 John was still living in Boston, a bachelor, seventy-five years 
 of age. I have reason to believe that he is now dead, although I 
 have received no direct information upon the subject. 
 
 The summer of 1832 was rendered memorable by the invasion of 
 cholera maligna. It had prevailed for some weeks or months in 
 England, and its first appearance in America was at the north of 
 the St. Lawrence. The profession as well as the public became much 
 interested and excited. A committee of physicians, among whom were 
 Dr. Jackson and Dr. Meigs, were sent to Montreal to study the com- 
 
84 FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 plaint and the means of prevention and cure. Our public authorities 
 facilitated our wishes. Comfortable and airy rooms were secured in 
 all parts of the city, and the numerous appliances requisite for a 
 hospital were provided. About the third week in July the disease 
 suddenly appeared, and in a rather singular manner. Many of the 
 earliest cases occurred in the Almshouse Hospital, where I was pre- 
 scribing physician, and the various modes suggested by the English 
 doctors were adopted with no very favorable results. My tour of duty 
 having expired on the 1st of August, I was fortunate enough to 
 procure the apj)ointment to one of the city hospitals, situated on 
 the Delaware Elver, in Penn Street, below Pine, where I had as my 
 assistants Drs. Smiley, Uselma Clarke,' Musgrave, and Edward 
 Peace, one of my former pupils. I had also a great many private 
 patients, so that I became much employed and greatly interested in 
 the management of this dreaded complaint, having always a strong 
 confidence that it should usually be successfully combated by remedial 
 measures, provided a collapse was not complete. The inhabitants 
 generally behaved very well. Many of the wealthy left the city, but 
 a large number boldly remained to render themselves useful, so that 
 among the lower classes much distress was hunted out and alleviated. 
 Children were often found without protection, father and mother 
 having both died. Several ladies procured subscriptions for opening 
 a refuge for these poor unfortunates, and my college friend, Benjamin 
 W. Eichards, who was then Mayor of the city, gave them a home for 
 their asylum on Library Street, above Fourth, opposite the present 
 Custom House. The Committee of Supervision were Miss Margaret 
 Keppele (afterwards Mrs. John Latimer), Mrs. Charles D. Meigs, 
 Mrs. H. L. Hodge and Miss Jane Phillips. These ladies were very 
 devoted, and had the great satisfaction of not only preserving the 
 health, but doubtless the lives of these fatherless children. 
 
 It may be recorded that no cholera occurred in the institution, 
 and a few who were brought in sick were transmitted to some of the 
 hospitals. The epidemic, and, of course, the alarm of the citizens, 
 subsided l)y the last of September or the 1st of October, though a 
 few sporadic cases were seen during the course of the winter. The 
 usual congratulations were extended, and the city authorities passed 
 a vote of thanks to the medical profession, and presented a silver 
 pitcher to each of the physicians of the cholera hospital as a more 
 lasting memento of their respect. 
 
 The succeeding year, 1833, passed as usual. I was once more 
 
FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 85 
 
 favored by the birth of another son, James Bayard, who was born 
 on the 12th day of December, 1833, a strong, vigorous child, whose 
 future development corresponded to these early beginnings. 
 
 In 1826 the health of Dr. Thomas C. James having somewhat 
 failed, Dr. William P. Dewees was appointed as his colleague in the 
 University; an arrangement which proved very satisfactory to the 
 profession. In the winter of 1833 or 1831, Dr. James was so 
 enfeebled that he resigned his professorship, and soon afterwards he 
 died in the month of June. Dr. Dewees, who had been always a 
 strong, healthy-looking man, suffered also during the spring from 
 some congestion of the brain. The debility resulting left it doubtful 
 whether he would be able to carry out the duties of the professorship 
 now vacant. He, however, retired from the city for several months, 
 and in a great degree recovered by the succeeding autumn. He was, 
 therefore, elected by the trustees to fill the vacant chair. The duties 
 of the appointment he managed with some effort to perform during 
 the following winter, but it was necessary for him to recruit in the 
 summer of 1835. The death of Dr. James and the bad health of 
 Dr. Dewees left an opening in their branch of the profession for 
 young aspirants. Dr. Charles D. Meigs and myself were benefited by 
 these events, so that our social and professional influence was en- 
 hanced. At the opening of the session of the medical course it was im- 
 mediately apparent that Dr. Dewees was actually incapable of lecturing, 
 owing to disease of the brain. He made but one attempt, and then his 
 resignation, now unavoidable, was immediately made. Dr. Meigs 
 and myself were the chief candidates, and the question so vital to 
 our interests had to be decided in a few days. The friends of each 
 of us were, of course, very active. Among the Board of Trustees 
 our supporters were alike influential. I avoided all personal solicita- 
 tion, leaving the canvass entirely to my friends. The election early 
 in ISTovemljer was in my favor. This was very gratifying, as I thus 
 ascended to the highest seat in this department of the profession. At 
 the same time I felt overwhelmed with a sense of the labor and 
 responsibility which it involved. As the lectures had already com- 
 menced, it became necessary, three days after my appointment, to 
 deliver an introductory discourse. This period was spent, therefore, 
 under the influence of much anxiety and excitement, as much was 
 expected of me, and I was not prepared to do myslf justice at so 
 short a notice. I was enabled, however, to perform this duty and to 
 pass through the whole course of lectures, to say the least, without 
 
86 FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 any decided failure, being encouraged by partial friends and tlie 
 attentive interest manifested by my pupils. Tbis winter, however, in 
 a pecuniary point of view, was a loss rather than a gain. It was then 
 customary for a new professor to pay to the trustees an entrance fee 
 of six hundred dollars. In the present case, however, an additional 
 burden was imposed, for the medical faculty had promised Dr. 
 Dewees that the whole proceeds of the course, after the expenses 
 were deducted, should be paid over to him on condition of liis resigna- 
 tion. Although this condition of affairs was known beforehand, yet 
 neither Dr. Meigs nor myself, as candidates, could in any degree 
 demur. I had, therefore, to labor without pecuniary reward, and at 
 the same time was subjected to great expense for the entrance-fee and 
 for other objects. My cousin, Mr. John Hodge, assisted me in 
 this emergency by an advance of money, and, as both Mrs. Hodge 
 and myself had learned to practise economy, we were enabled to 
 provide for all necessary disbursements. In consequence also of my 
 appointment as professor, confidence in me was increasing, and my 
 practice was correspondingly augmented. Hence, I learned to cherish 
 brighter hopes, and with renewed alacrity went forward to meet the 
 necessary labors and anxieties of the future. My most excellent friend 
 and counsellor, Mr. Charles Chauncey, to whom I was chiefly indebted 
 for my appointment as professor, strongly advised me to change my 
 domicile, believing tliat a more imposing residence would increase my 
 influence, and that I would be able gradually to meet the pecuniary 
 responsibility thence resulting. As this large house, on the northwest 
 corner of Nintli and Walnut Streets, which covers two lots and 
 includes two large offices, had been recently vacated by Professor John 
 Coxe, who had built it, Mr. Chauncey strongly advised me to pur- 
 chase it. I yielded to his judg-ment, although it was contrary to my 
 own opinion and prudent plans, inasmuch as nearly the whole of 
 the purchase money had to be borrowed. I could not but take into 
 consideration the possible failure of my ability to work, involving a 
 complete loss. Although this purchase has apparently resulted 
 favorably, yet even at tliis late hour of my life I remain doubtful 
 whether it was a wise measure. On the 29th of June, 1836, after making 
 many repairs and some alterations, some of them of an expensive 
 character, we entered our new residence. We left the house in Sansom 
 Row with many regrets, for there we had been very comfortable and 
 happy with comparatively few responsibilities. There we passed the 
 first happy years of our marriage; there three of my children had 
 
FAMILY HISTOKY AND KEMINISCEXCES, 811 
 
 been born, and there also I had laid the foundations of my pro- 
 fessional success. There also my mother lived with me for twelve 
 years, four of which were after my marriage, and there she died, 
 after enjoying the great satisfaction of seeing me, in some degree 
 at least, reap the fruit of all her anxieties and the labors and self- 
 denials which she had endured for her children. Her work was done. 
 She left her boys happily married, blessed with children, and with 
 every prospect of domestic and professional prosperity. 
 
 Our mutual happiness was again augmented this summer by the 
 birth of my fourth son, Hugh Lenox, on the 30th of July. 
 
 Of course, my children had to remain in town during the summer, 
 but our whole family continued well and enjoyed their new home, 
 where the rooms were large and where consequently they had plenty 
 of room indoors, while the garden afforded them the opportunity for 
 play and exercise. 
 
 No important event occurred during the succeeding year, but I 
 was destined to suffer another bereavement early in 1838. My first- 
 born son, Charles Blanchard, although rather thin and pallid, had 
 never been sick, but was active, cheerful, intelligent. Without 
 apparent cause he became unwell, with feverish symptoms and dis- 
 order of the digestive organs. , My friend. Dr. Chapman, paid him every 
 attention, but without effect; and, after a sickness of eight days, the 
 child died on the 16th day of March from hypercatharsis, and we 
 have reason to believe that a perforation of the bowel had occurred. 
 The trial was very great to his mother as well as myself. As he 
 was the eldest, we necessarily looked to him, not only for our own 
 comfort in times to come, but for the good influence which we 
 trusted he might exert over his younger brothers. Still, while suffer- 
 ing thus, without murmuring we bowed to the will of God. The 
 mother's health continued good, and on the 14th of June she gave 
 birth to our fifth son, William Henry. He was a delicate-looking 
 child, but nevertheless, like all my children, quite healthy. 
 
 The year 1839 and part of 1840 were passed in the usual manner; 
 but in July, 1840, as the summer was warm, and as my son William, 
 now upwards of two years of age, had not finished his first dentition, 
 and was weak and miserable, we determined to spend a few weeks at 
 Cape May for the sake of the sea air and the bathing. All of the 
 party were much revived by this change. William recovered his 
 appetite and his animation, ils to myself, although I had never 
 been able to bear cold batliing, I ventured into the ocean two or 
 
88 FAiriLY HISTOUY AXD KEMIXISCENCES. 
 
 three times; at first witli apparent impunity; but after the last 
 bathing I had a chilh Immediately after my return to Philadelphia, 
 after a visit of ten days, I became quite ill with inflammation of the 
 larynx and lungs, for which, as was then customary, I was bled and 
 blistered, so that for four or five weeks I was kept at home for the 
 first time since my severe illness of 1830. I recovered and was very 
 well, so that in September I was actively employed in practice, and 
 I was able to lecture during the following winter. Owing to my 
 position at the University I had by this time obtained considerable 
 reputation in distant places, especially in the South and Southwest, 
 from which we drew a large number of our medical students. Hence, 
 a very pleasant, and even lucrative, practice resulted. I had a large 
 number of ladies from Maryland and from Virginia, as well as from 
 farther South, who came for my professional care in succession, and 
 with many of these I formed close and abiding friendships. This 
 interesting part of my professional experience continued rather to 
 increase until November and December, 1860, when it came to an 
 abrupt termination by the political dissensions which terminated in 
 the Civil War of 1861, by which the minds and hearts of the people, 
 especially in the South, liave been so embittered. 
 
 Another epoch occurred in our family history in the winter succeed- 
 ing my illness, marked by the birth of my son, Edward Blanchard, on 
 the 5th of February, 1841. He was a strong, plump boy, and proved to 
 be of fair complexion, and, as he grew, he had more bloom in his 
 cheeks than his predecessors. 
 
 Our family of boys had grown rapidly, and the elder sons com- 
 menced school with the Misses Donaldson, who kept an excellent 
 primary school in Walnut Street, above Eighth. They were sisters 
 of Captain Donaldson. Of course, the boys occupied much of their 
 mother's attention, who in the most quiet manner always exerted a 
 decided influence for good over all their thoughts and actions. 
 Her authority was supreme, and yet so quietly exercised as to insure 
 the respect, and to awaken at the same time the love of her children. 
 They were fortunate also in having a most judicious and excellent 
 nurse, Mrs. Betsy Harding. "j\Iammy Betsy," as she was called, 
 began in early life to take charge of children, and pursued the practice 
 of nursing unremittingly, with the exception of a short interval 
 during her married life. She was a Scottish woman, and always 
 maintained the respectful manner and sober dress characteristic of 
 persons of her station in Europe, but which is too frequently laid 
 
FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 89 
 
 aside b}^ immigrants to America. She had nursed in a large number 
 of the most cultured families in our city, and also in Washington (Bal- 
 timore?). I first saw her about the year 1824, when she was taking 
 care of the eldest child of my late friend, Dr. J. K. Mitchell, and in 
 the spring of 1834 or 1835 she came to us when my son Bayard was 
 about five, or seventeen, months old. From this time on she was the 
 only child's nurse we had, as her health was generally good, and she 
 was unremittingly, and even anxiously, devoted to the innumerable 
 wants of her charge. 
 
 About 1860 or 1861, when even our youngest child was well grown, 
 Mammy Betsy was becoming infirm from years, and her sight 
 also became somewhat dim. We gave her to i»nderstand that she must 
 always regard our house as her home, and that the children over whom 
 she had so tenderly watched would always be happy in making her 
 comfortable and in seeing that her every want was supplied. The 
 force of habit was strong in lier, and she always felt gratified in the 
 belief that her superintendence of the boys' wardrobe, etc., was quite- 
 important. She never became, however, a burden upon the family, 
 or indeed at all helpless. Early in September, 1869, she had a severe 
 bilious attack by which she was completely prostrated, and on the 
 8th of September she died. Two of her proteges were still absent 
 in Europe. These were my sons William and George. Her funeral 
 was attended by her former patroness, Mrs. J. K. Mitchell, her son 
 Weir, and her daughter Elizabeth Mitchell, and many of Mammy 
 Betsy's old friends.* 
 
 She was interred in Monument Cemetery, on Broad Street, in a 
 lot which I owned. A marble stone was placed at the head of her 
 grave, on which was inscribed her name, her age, which was eighty-four, 
 the day of her death, and the words : "Faithful unto Death." This 
 was a just tribute to one who had so well served her generation in 
 what is too frequently called an humble sphere, but which is really 
 one of the greatest importance and usefulness. 
 
 Although Betsy was old and infirm, I and my children sincerely 
 mourned her loss, and were exceedingly grateful for all the blessings 
 which she bestowed upon our family. The following notice was 
 published in the daily papers: 
 
 "Died.— On the 8th of September, 1869, Elizabeth Harding, in the 
 eighty-fourth year of her age. She was a native of Scotland, but 
 came over to this country in 1796 when she was still very young. 
 
 *The funeral service was conducted at the house at the corner of Ninth and Walnut 
 Streets by Aspinwall and Edward, the two ministerial sons who were at home.— E. B. H. 
 
IK) FA.MIIA' inSTOr.Y AXD RKMIXISCKNCES. 
 
 She was earl}- married, but was soon left a widow, having also lost her 
 only infant. The work to Avhich she devoted her life was the care 
 of children, and in fulfilment of this service she lived successively 
 in many of the most influential families of this city and Baltimore. 
 A number of those she watched over in infancy have lived to occupy 
 important stations in society, both professional and political. During 
 the thirty-four years i^receding her death she lived in one family. The 
 children whom she brought up thoroughly engaged her thoughts and 
 affections. In the discharge of her duties to them she was discreet, 
 judicious and attentive, sedulously watching over her tender charge 
 night and da}^, displaying affectionate interest, and securing the 
 j)erfect confidence of hgr employers. Her sense of propriety was a 
 conspicuous feature of her character, constantly exhibited in her 
 dress and manners as well as in her conversation. 
 
 "She always manifested a devotion to religion, and in her declining 
 years her solace and hope were found to be resting exclusively on 
 her Eedeemer. We may safely say of her, 'She hath done what she 
 could,' and must believe that she has received the welcome declara- 
 tion, 'Well done, good and faithful servant, enter thou into the joy 
 of thy Lord.'" 
 
 In the next three or four years after the birth of my son Edward 
 in 1841 no event of importance transpired in my family or profession. 
 There were a few cases of cholera maligna to be heard of now and 
 then; but, with the exception of one or two cases, they did not 
 happen in my practice, and no alarm was created. Indeed, with 
 exception of the cholera epidemic in 1832, our city has been wonder- 
 fully free since 1820 from endemic diseases. Of course, there were 
 small visitations of scarlatina and measles ; but they were very seldom 
 of a malignant type. It must be confessed that in the summer 
 season the deaths of infants are always numerous, a circumstance 
 which must be ascribed to the coml)ined influence of a hot atmos- 
 phere, ill-ventilated apartments and gross errors in diet. On the 
 whole, our rate of mortality, especially among adults, was com- 
 paratively small. 
 
 My practice had now become very engrossing, sometimes oppressive ; 
 but the income derived from this source, and also from my pro- 
 fessorship, had nearly, if not quite, enabled me to pay off the heavy 
 mortgage upon my house, so that I began to feel more like a free 
 man, and to hope that my wife and children would have at least a 
 moderate support in case that I should be disabled. 
 
FA^MILY HISTORY AXD KEMINISCENCES. 91 
 
 After a much longer interval than usual, my seventh and last 
 child, George Woolsey, was l)orn on the 20th of May, 1845. He was 
 a little, delicate child. Still, he enjoyed good health until the summer 
 of 1846, when, unfortunateh^, a necessity for weaning occurred. No 
 diet seemed to suit him, and with very little positive disease he 
 became greatly emaciated and very fretful and irritable, taxing 
 the patience and good-nature of his excellent Mammy Betsy. He 
 gradually recovered when the cool weather began, and ere long 
 became as vigorous as his brothers. In the summer of 1845 Mrs. 
 Hodge took her infant to her friends in New York, and Mammy 
 Betsy and the other children were boarded at Princeton, where Mrs. 
 Hodge soon afterwards joined them. As my family were too numerous 
 to travel about in the summer season we engaged a stone building for 
 our summer residence in Fisher's Lane, near the main street of 
 Germantown, the first house east of the cemetery. The house was old- 
 fasliioned, but very comfortable. There was about an acre of ground 
 attached to it, well shaded with trees, and with a stable in the rear. 
 As I had procured a little coach and had two horses, one of which 
 was kept out of town, Mrs. Hodge and the children enjoyed some 
 pleasant drives. I also procured a pony for the elder boys, which, of 
 course, proved very useful, while at the same time it afforded great 
 enjoyment. I had taken the precaution previously of having the 
 boys in succession instructed in horsemanship. Hence, although 
 many minor accidents occurred at various times, they never sustained 
 any serious injury. From May to the last of September the time 
 was spent very advantageously and pleasantly in a region of country 
 which has always been famed for the healthful character of the atmos- 
 phere. Wliile the schools were still open the elder boys went regu- 
 larly into town by the railroad cars, which passed then a few rods 
 from the house, and returned by three o'clock to dinner. July and 
 August were given up to recreation. They had their excursions into 
 the woods and lanes, while, in addition to the pleasure derived from 
 riding and driving, they had that which was afforded them in the care 
 of their dogs and rabbits* 
 
 My own practice at this season was to visit Fisher's Lane at irregu- 
 lar intervals, very seldom spending a night out of town. But still I 
 enjoyed very good health, so that my business was not interrupted. 
 
 *There were two stables in the rear of the one-acre lot on Fisher's Lane. One 
 of these was appropriated to the horse and pony, "Fairy," while the other was a cow- 
 stable, which we boys used for our own purposes ad Wdtum. — E. B. H. 
 
92 FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 Nevertheless in the summer of 18 — , I was persuaded for the first 
 time to take a lioliday in iVugust, so far at least as to spend my 
 afternoons and evenings in the country, carrying with me my books 
 and papers when I went. This, therefore, was quite a recreation to 
 mind and body, and brought me more directly in contact with 
 my children, especially as they also at this time were free from 
 their schools. Our location at Fisher's Lane was the more pleasant 
 from the fact that my cousin, Mrs. Henry and family, lived within 
 four minutes' walk of our house, and Mr. and Mrs. James Bayard, 
 with Mrs. Bayard's parents, Mr. and Mrs. Backus, soon afterwards 
 took a house next to ours. 
 
 In 1847 my eldest son, Aspinwall, being now sixteen years old, was 
 prepared for college, having received his classical education at the 
 Grammar School of the University under the superintendence of the 
 Rev. Samuel Wylie Crawford, a most excellent teacher and a good, 
 upright man. His discipline was strict, and had been severe. It 
 was said now to be much moderated, and the boys regarded him, 
 not only with veneration, but also with affection. As my brother 
 and myself had graduated at Princeton, where my father and uncle 
 had also been taught, I was quite desirous to send my boys to that well- 
 established college. Nevertheless I could not tolerate the idea of 
 exposing my children to such temptations as college life implies at 
 a time when their principles had hardly been formed or strengthened. 
 Home influences, especially that of their mother, I deemed of para- 
 mount importance. Aspinwall was, therefore, entered in the collegiate 
 department of the University of Pennsylvania, the Rev. John Ludlow 
 being then provost. Of course, he began at the Preshman class, 
 and hence had to remain four years. 
 
 In 1851 he received his degree of Bachelor of Arts, and determined 
 to devote himself to the ministry. I advised him, however, to give at 
 least a year to general studies and to the languages. As he did not 
 seem to be very strong, and as his uncle Edward and aunt Emily 
 Woolsey were in Europe, I determined tliat he should join them 
 abroad. He did so, and travelled with them for a few months through 
 England. On their return to America in the fall x\spinwall settled 
 himself in Paris in the house of a Protestant clergyman, and after- 
 wards went to Switzerland and Italy. In these excursions he met 
 with several of liis uiotlier's family, Mrs. Charles Woolsey and her 
 daughters, Mr. Robert Howland, and also young Mr. Joseph How- 
 land, who was then travelling with his father, J\lr. Samuel Howland. 
 
FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 93 
 
 Aspinwall also, while abroad, made the acquaintance of Miss Lottie 
 Morse, whom he afterwards married, she having been for some time 
 at Geneva under the instruction of Dr. Caesar Malan. Leaving such 
 pleasant friends he made his way to Berlin to pursue his studies in 
 German, but, as he was without friends or companions, in the follow- 
 ing spring, being quite homesick, he returned to America before a full 
 year was ended. It gives me pleasure to mention that his uncle, Mr. 
 William Aspinwall, insisted on bearing the whole expense of this 
 trip to Europe. 
 
 During the next few years, following 1847, there was little 
 or no change in our family history. The boys rapidly de- 
 veloped mentally and corporeally, and greatly enjoyed their 
 studies and amusements. This seemed to be especially true 
 of my son Bayard. He was of a bright, healthy, florid 
 complexion, had grown quite tall, with a well-developed bony 
 and muscular system. _ He was full of animal spirits, but of 
 excellent morals, with strong religious tendencies, securing the appro- 
 bation of his teachers at the Sunday-school of St. Andrew's Church, 
 and also of the rector, the Eev. William Bacon Stevens, D.D., now 
 Bishop Stevens. All our bright hopes of him, which were great, 
 were destined to a speedy and sudden destruction. About the 5th or 
 6th of Decemlier, 1850, after retiring to bed, apparently in best 
 health and spirits, he was awakened about two o'clock in the morning 
 with a chill. This was followed by some fever with much delirium. I 
 immediately sent for my friends. Dr. Caspar Morris and Dr. Samuel 
 Jackson, who sedulously attended him, but without being able to 
 detect the precise character or cause of his complaint. On the third 
 or fourth day an eruption appeared of a peculiar type in the form of 
 numerous well defined spots of a purplish color, upon the breaking out 
 of which the dehrium ceased, and he was comparatively comfortable. 
 On the morning of the eleventh, however, he was seized suddenly 
 with intense pains, especially in the right temple. A few leeches 
 were applied with other remedies, and the pain greatly diminished, 
 but his delirium returned and gradually increased. Before one o'clock 
 he became comatose, with an effusion of tears from the eyes. A 
 short time afterwards he expired. So my bright boy passed away 
 upon the morning of the 11th of December, one day prior to the 
 termination of his seventeenth year. I can only describe this affliction 
 as overwhelming. Time has softened, but not destroyed it. His 
 poor mother, who had constantly watched him during the night, kept 
 
94 FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 up to the last; but then her nervous system was disturbed, and she 
 required immediate and constant attention. Bayard's funeral occurred 
 on the l-ith of December in the presence of his companions at college 
 and of our family friends. Dr. Stevens, Dr. Henry A. Boardman, and 
 our then new pastor. Dr. Shields, conducted the services. His remains 
 were the first to be deposited in my lot at Laurel Hill, which I had 
 purchased several years previously, and to which I now translated 
 the remains of my son Charles. At the time of his decease Bayard 
 was a member of the Jimior Class of the University, where he had 
 secured the esteem of his teachers and the love of his companions. 
 
 The following year my son, Hugh Lenox, then fifteen years of age, 
 became a member of the Freshman Class of the University of Penn- 
 sylvania. 
 
 My health continued good, notwithstanding the fact that an- 
 other decade* had passed, until February, 1853, just before the close 
 of the lectures, when I had a very severe catarrh, and some fever, so 
 that my voice was in some measure lost. Nevertheless by a little active 
 treatment there was a rapid solution of the complaint, and I was able 
 to finish my course. 
 
 I now thought it best to change my summer residence at Fisher's 
 Lane for a more elevated and airy position, and accordingly rented 
 from Mr. George Carpenter a very comfortable house at the corner 
 of Gorgas's Lane and the Township Line Eoad, a mile east of 
 Germantown, opposite to Mr. Carpenter's large establishment. The 
 house was about forty feet square with a basement story. There was 
 a long parlor on the south side, and a dining-room and a servants' 
 room, or pantry, on the north. In the second story there were four 
 good bed-rooms, with a wide hall extending the length of the house, 
 and also a bath-room. In the third story there were six rooms. 
 The middle room on the north was occupied by a tank supplied with 
 excellent water by means of a ram at a spring at the bottom of a hill 
 behind the house. The roof was flat, and the whole was surmounted 
 by a square cupola with two windows on each side, from which there 
 was an extensive outlook, especially to the south, where, it was said, 
 that the city, some eight miles off, was visible. This place proved to 
 be a pleasant resort to the boys, and was occupied as a study upon 
 occasions. The plot of ground occupied ten acres, the house being 
 situated toward the centre, facing the Township Line Eoad. The 
 
 •Father seems to allude to the fact that the few illnesses from which he suffered 
 seemed to come at intervals of ten years.— E. B. H. 
 
FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCEXCES. 95 
 
 front portion was reserved partly for grass and partly for the cultiva- 
 tion of corn or potatoes. Behind was a garden of flowers and vege- 
 tables; the garden extending also toward the south side of the lot. 
 There was quite a convenient stable for horses and carriages, and 
 also an ice-house. Xear-bv was a delightful small grove of trees, 
 providing a pleasant retreat even during the noon time of a sum- 
 mer's day. Altogether we were delightfully situated, and were per- 
 mitted to enjoy this retreat during nine successive summers. 
 
 My brother-in-law, George Woolsey Aspinwall, who assisted me in 
 procuring this house in Gorgas's Lane, was then in very delicate health 
 in consequence of a severe pneumonic attack. From this attack he 
 but partially recovered, and determined to sail around Cape Horn 
 to Panama in a new steam-vessel. This nlan was frustrated, however, 
 by his being wrecked at sea. Some of the passengers were lost, but 
 the greater portion were taken up by a foreign vessel, and arrived, 
 after great suffering, in an exhausted condition at JSTew York, Mr. 
 Aspinwall's disease was thus confirmed. IvTevertheless he made a 
 voyage to Havana, and afterwards went to Europe. He returned to 
 Philadelphia the last of May, and took a house in Germantown, near 
 the main street. But he did not long survive, his death occur- 
 ring June 19, 1854, when he Avas in his fortieth year. He 
 left a wife, formerly Miss Annie Coleman, and two children, 
 Georgina, who was nine years of age, and Edward Coleman, two 
 years old. My brother Woolsey was a tall, fine-looking man, with 
 a well-developed frame. He had always been very healthy, and was 
 remarkable for his cheerfulness, and even sprightliness, of manner. 
 He was exceedingly -amiable, possessing a very loving heart, attaching 
 himself greatly to his friends, and, of course, drawing them very 
 closely to himself. To me personally the loss was very great, as he 
 had been a dear, affectionate brother to me as well as to his sister. 
 As he lived in Philadeljihia, and had been for a time an inmate of 
 our house, our mutual interest in him became very strong. It seemed 
 mournful, as well as mysterious, that such a young man should have 
 been cut off so early in his career when there was every prospect of 
 his attaining influence and becoming a most useful member of 
 society. 
 
 In 1853 my son William, being then fifteen years of age, followed 
 the example of his brothers, and entered the Freshman Class of the 
 University. 
 
 My professional duties had gone on without any serious interrup- 
 
96 F.OriLY HISTORY AND KEMIXISCENCES. 
 
 tion, and, although occasional!}' oppressive, were discharged without 
 an}'' great inconvenience. A serious trouble, however, was gradually 
 coming upon me. Although I had always been near-sighted, a cir- 
 cumstance which necessitated the use of spectacles since I was four- 
 teen years of age, nevertheless my sight was, within proper focal 
 distance, clear and accurate. About the year 1848 or 1849 a little 
 dulness of vision was perceived, which almost insensibly increased, 
 so that reading was becoming an effort. Hence, when I was called 
 upon in March, 1850, to deliver a valedictory address to the medical 
 class, it was necessary that my manuscript should be coj^ied in large, 
 round letters that I might read it correctly. This was the last time 
 I ever delivered an address from manuscript. Nevertheless this defect 
 of vision increased so gradually that for years it did not seriously 
 impede me in the discharge of my professional duties, as I managed to 
 read print, to write prescriptions and even compose with pen in hand 
 my work on "Diseases Peculiar to Women." The latter part of this 
 work was finished, in August, 1860, with considerable difficulty, so 
 far as my eye-sight was concerned, and this was the last effort which 
 I could make with my pen. With the assistance of my son Lenox, 
 now a practising physician and surgeon, this work was carried through 
 the press and published in November, 1860. 
 
 In my valedictory address to the graduating class in March, 
 1850, I gave a short notice of the resignation of Dr. N. 
 Chapman, Professor of the Practice of Medicine, and ex- 
 pressed the high sense always entertained of his great excel- 
 lency both as a practitioner and as a teacher. A large propor- 
 tion of the reputation of the University was due to the two eminent 
 professors of the Practice of Medicine, Dr. Eush and Dr. Chapman; 
 both of whom were exceedingly popular with the students. This 
 popularity was due to their eloquence and their urbanity, as well 
 as their talents and attainments. They were diverse from one 
 another in most respects, and advocated theories which can hardly be 
 said to have borne the test of experience. These men, nevertheless, 
 had crowds of admirers. Dr. Eush was very enthusiastic and dogmatic, 
 and made, therefore, a great impression upon the minds, and, of 
 course, upon the opinions and practice of the young men. His 
 grand doctrine of morbid excitement, leading even to the maintenance 
 of the unity of disease, was enforced with so much earnestness and 
 sincerity that even minds of much cultivation were carried away in 
 sympathy with their teacher. He was among the early professors of 
 the University, having been associated with Dr. Morgan and Dr. 
 
FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. ' 97 
 
 Shippen, the founders of the Medical Department. He became pro- 
 fessor of the Practice of Medicine on the resignation of Professor 
 Kuhn. He contributed greatly to the reputation which our University 
 had acquired toward the beginning of the present century. He died 
 at his residence on Fourth Street in May, 1813. An immense crowd 
 attended his funeral procession to the place of interment in Christ 
 Church Burying-Ground, at the corner of Fifth and Arch Streets, 
 manifesting in this way their great regard for him personally, as well 
 as their admiration of him, not only as a physician and a professor, but 
 also as one of those noble patriots who signed the Declaration of 
 Independence in 1776. 
 
 Dr. Benjamin Smith Barton, who enjoyed a great reputation as a 
 botanist, and who had been for some time professor of Materia Medica, 
 succeeded Dr. Kush in the practical chair. His health, however, was 
 very delicate, and, after vainly attempting to recruit, he died in 
 December, 1815. This was in the middle of the course of lectures, 
 and the deficiency in the course of instruction upon the practice of 
 medicine, thus created, was partly supplied by the remaining pro- 
 fessors, who discoursed on various practical subjects. Dr. Chapman, 
 who, since the death of Dr. Eush in 1813, had occupied the chair of 
 Materia Medica, was now appointed to be the successor of Dr. Barton. 
 I was among the pupils who had the pleasure of attending his first 
 efforts in this department during the winter of 1816-1817, and the 
 winter of 1817-1818. We soon found that the hour of his dis- 
 courses had the charm of novelty. He had not entirely abandoned the 
 opinions he had received from his teacher. Dr. Eush, but had greatly 
 modified them by promulgating his own peculiar views as to morbid 
 irritation and sympathy. These opinions, although now regarded as very 
 superficial and unsatisfactory, certainly had one advantage. They 
 were practical, and enabled the young physician to enter the sick 
 room with more confidence in himself and his profession than was 
 otherwise possible. His course as a teacher was long and successful, 
 extending really from 1807 to 1850. During the latter part of his 
 career his strength and even his mental power had become weakened. 
 His resignation was, therefore, offered and accepted, and he after- 
 wards lived in great retirement, both mind and body gradually failing, 
 until he died early in July, 1853. He was buried on the 4th day of 
 that month in a vault connected with St. Stephen's Church, on Tenth 
 Street. He left behind him the reputation of being probably the best 
 practical physician Philadelphia had ever enjoyed, and numerous 
 7 
 
98 FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 friends to -whom he had become endeared b}' his social qualities and 
 excellent humor. 
 
 About this time the profession had to lament the loss of Dr. 
 William E. Horner, who had been made the professor of Anatomy 
 upon the resignation of Dr. Physick in 1831, and who^had obtained a 
 great reputation as a practical anatomist. His steady industry and 
 perseverance, as well as his ability, in this department has a standing, 
 and, we trust, a permanent memorial, preserved in the University 
 under the name of the Wistar and Horner Museum ; a large portion 
 of this being a collection by his own hands. It was generously 
 bestowed by him in his last testament to the school which it so much 
 adorned. The value of this gift is estimated at $10,000, and it has 
 rendered our anatomical museum far sujjerior to anything in the 
 United States, and made it a rival even of some of the most ancient 
 museums of Europe. An organic disease of the heart in its large 
 blood-vessels gave him great distress during the last year or two of 
 his life. The immediate cause of his death, however, in March, 1853, 
 was peritonitis. He was always one of my best friends. I had 
 become very intimate with him toward the close of the session of 1815- 
 1816. He had been a surgeon in the war with England, and at that 
 time entered the practical rooms of Dr. Wistar, to whom, and to his 
 successor, Dr. Physick, his labors became more and more important, 
 so that in 1820 he was made adjunct professor of anatomy, and after- 
 wards full professor. As formerly mentioned, he was associated 
 with Dr. Dewees in the teaching of Dr. Chapman's class, and when this 
 had become organized as a Medical Institute, he requested me to be 
 associated with him as a teacher of surgery in May, 1823. An 
 intimacy thus continued and strengthened was prolonged during his 
 life, and I must always regard him as one of my best benefactors. 
 Dr. Leidy was immediately elected successor of Dr. Horner in the 
 anatomical chair. 
 
 My health, which had been very good since 18-10, had a trifling in- 
 terruption in February, 1853, owing to cold afEecting chiefly the 
 larynx, causing loss of voice. This seemed to be quite unfortunate, 
 as I was much engaged with lecturing prior to the termination of the 
 course. A good bleeding, however, with some adjuncts, enabled me to 
 resume my duties in a lew days. 
 
 In 1855 my son Edward, being fourteen years of age, was entered 
 in the Freshman class of the University, the same year that his brother 
 Lenox was graduated as Bachelor of Arts. 
 
FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 9^ 
 
 At the Comniencement Lenox delivered the Greek Salutatory 
 Oration, having taken the first honor in his class. After some re- 
 flection he intimated his wish to study medicine. To this proposition 
 I gave my assent, although with a nervous apprehension on the sub- 
 ject for fear that he might be called upon to encounter the anxieties 
 and responsibilities to which I had been subjected. I had many years 
 previously formed the opinion that almost every young man should 
 follow the bent of his inclinations, or rather his taste, in determining 
 his occupation for life; for I felt confident that, in every business, 
 demanding for its successful pursuit devotion of mind and heart, such 
 zeal could hardly be expected unless the work was voluntarily under- 
 taken. Nevertheless I thought that such desires should never be 
 formed, or at any rate indulged, until after a complete college edu- 
 cation, which, while it enlarges one's knowledge of literary and scien- 
 tific pursuits, at the same time matures the judgment and gives a 
 wider view of human affairs. As already intimated Aspinwall thus 
 entered, upon the study of theology, and eventually my son William 
 also, who was graduated at the University in 1857, after deliberating 
 the matter in his own mind for a year, entered the theological semi- 
 nary at Princeton in 1858. 
 
 Lenox immediately commenced in the fall of 1855 to attend medical 
 lectures at the University, nominally as my student, but receiving in- 
 struction from Dr. Henry H. Smith and several others, kindly ex- 
 tended to him in my behalf. He received his medical diploma in the 
 spring of 1858, and in the fall of that year enjoyed the privilege of 
 becoming an interne of the Pennsylvania Hospital, where he had a 
 term of service more than usually long. 
 
 Edward was graduated in college in the summer of 1859, being a 
 few months beyond his eighteenth year. He also took the first honor, 
 but being rather young he did not commence his theological studies, 
 to which his attention was turned, until 1860; so that both he and 
 William had the advantage of a year for reading and studying prior 
 to their theological course. 
 
 My son George entered the collegiate department of the 
 University in 1861, having received his classical education chiefly 
 af the school of Mr. Faires; the preceptor of his brothers. 
 Dr. Crawford, having unfortunately resigned his position at the 
 Academy. George received his degree of A. B. in 1865,- and imme- 
 diately determined to commence his studies for the ministry at the 
 Protestant Episcopal Divinity School, which had lately been estab- 
 
100 PAMILT HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 lished in "West Philadelphia. In the autumn, however, he was unfor- 
 tunately taken sick with typhoid fever, which confined him for some 
 six or eight weeks. The class with which he was connected at the 
 school finished their studies in 1868; but, as I determined to send 
 William and George to Europe for recreation and improvement, the 
 latter did not at that time take orders. On the 27th of June the two 
 boys, in company with their aunts, Mrs. Eoosevelt and Miss Aspinwall, 
 sailed in the Yille de Paris for Havre. The party visited Paris, then 
 Switzerland, and afterwards the Netherlands and Holland. Their 
 aunts returned to Paris to meet other members of the family, and the 
 boys afterwards visited Sweden, and then St. Petersburg and Moscow. 
 Subsequently they went to Berlin and met their aunts at Dresden. 
 Soon afterwards they pursued their course to Vienna, Munich, Verona 
 and Venice. The latter part of the winter and spring was spent at 
 Eome, whence excursions were made to Naples, Capri, etc. They 
 returned north by the way of the Italian Lakes and the Mont Cenis 
 pass; the railroad tunnel not being then completed. In May the 
 party went to England, and, after spending some weeks in London, 
 visited the Isle of Wight, Chester, Salisbury, York, and other places 
 of interest. Afterwards they went to Edinburg, the Scottish lakes 
 and Glasgow, and from thence they sailed for Belfast, in Ireland, and 
 visited the Giant's Causeway, and Londonderry, descending to Dublin, 
 to Cork, and to Queenstown, whence they embarked for home in the 
 Scotia, arriving in New York on the 14th of September, after an 
 absence of nearly fifteen months. The whole time was passed very 
 advantageously and pleasantly. They were mercifully preserved from 
 accident and disease. They returned immediately to Philadelphia, 
 where William became interested in a mission-school in the north- 
 west part of the city, which in May, 1870, was organized into a church 
 under the name of the Columbia Avenue Presbyterian Church. It 
 was situated at the southeast corner of Columbia Avenue and Twenty- 
 first Street. A handsome stone chapel was immediately erected, which 
 was dedicated on the seventh of December, 1870. William was mar- 
 ried on the 13th of April, 1871, to Miss Alice Cogswell Weld, of Hart- 
 ford, Conn., and a dwelling-house being erected on a lot next to the 
 church, he and his wife took possession on the 7th of December, 1871. 
 He has now every prospect of building up a church in this important 
 location.* 
 
 •William took for his first charge what was then known as the Church of 
 Red Mills, near Lake Mahopac, in the State of New York. As he was a bachelor he 
 put a family in the manse and hoarded with them. The church building was refitted 
 
FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 101 
 
 George immediately applied for orders in the Episcopal Church, 
 and was ordained deacon on the 12th of November, 1869. He was 
 first employed as a reader to Bishop Stevens at Holy Trinity Church, 
 and then offered his services to Dr. Foggo, rector of Christ Church, in 
 the spring of 1870. The following June, as Dr. Foggo was to be 
 absent, George was ordained a presb}i:er that he might take full charge 
 of the church. In the autumn of 1871, he was appointed assistant 
 rector to Dr. Foggo, both of them talcing charge at the same time 
 of Calvary Church, which was built as a memorial to Bishop White. 
 It was situated at the corner of Margaretta and Front Streets. In 
 this position George has continued. He has become engaged to be 
 married to Miss Mary D. Powell. He anticipates the consummation 
 of his happy prospects on the 23d of April, 1872. 
 
 Having mentioned the choice which had already been made by my 
 boys of their professions, I may state here that Aspinwall, after fin- 
 ishing his theological studies at Princeton, accepted a call from the 
 Presbyterian Church at Mauch Chunk in November, 1856. On the 
 14th of May, 1857, he was married to Miss Lottie G. Morse, daughter 
 of the Eev. Eichard C. Morse, lately one of the editors and proprietors 
 of the New York Observer. He remained at Mauch Chunk for eight 
 years. In February, 1866, he accepted a call to Hartford, Conn., and 
 on the first of May moved his family to that city. There, after much 
 labor and anxiety, he has been favored in having a new building 
 erected at the corner of College Avenue and Clinton Street. The 
 church is now happily out of debt with every prospect of success. 
 
 My son Lenox, having finished his term of service at the hospital, 
 opened his office in my house for the practice of medicine, devoting 
 himself chiefly to surgery. He soon became associated with Dr. Ches- 
 ton ]\Iorris and with Dr. Boiling in private teaching. Dr. Morris 
 presently retired, and Dr. Hutchinson was put in his place. These 
 three gentlemen have since continued as co-workers in this important 
 business. They have been successful in establishing an excellent sum- 
 mer and winter school. Lenox also became an assistant to Dr. Smith 
 in the surgical clinic at the LTniversity. The Civil War broke out in 
 1861. Out of thoughtful and affectionate consideration for his par- 
 ents Lenox did not regularly enter the army, yet on various occasions 
 
 under his administration and greatly improved. Mr. George Lane, of New York city, 
 spent some months of the year at a summer home on the lake, and he and his wife 
 and daughter did much to brighten William's life at this place. He resigned 
 this charge in 1868 in order to take advantage of the trip to Europe described in the 
 text.— E. B. H. 
 
103 FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 performed duty as a volunteer surgeon, making several excursions 
 to the York Eiver during the Peninsula campaign, and before and 
 after the battle of Williamsburg. He spent also much time in the hos- 
 pitals on York Eiver. In 1863 he had charge in a military hospital 
 in West Philadelphia, and, on the invasion of Pennsylvania, in June, 
 1863, offered his services to the Surgeon-General of Pennsylvania. 
 He was instrumental in establishing hospitals at Harrisburg, and was 
 afterward sent on professional services to Shippensburg and other 
 places. After the . memorable and decisive battle of Gettysburg 
 he was immediately put in charge of a large hospital in the college 
 filled with Confederate wounded. The college was not long after- 
 wards emptied by the removal of the patients into hospital tents, and 
 Lenox returned home in August much exhausted and threatened with 
 a serious illness. Normal health soon returned and he resumed his 
 professional duties here with his usual activity. In the following 
 year (1864), after the terrible battles of the Wilderness, he again vol- 
 unteered for Fredericksburg, and, in connection with Dr. Hamilton, 
 of Xew York, was put in charge of a hospital in a Baptist Church. 
 Lenox, fortunatel}' for his patients, had them located in the audience 
 room of the building, which was large and airy, while the patients of 
 Dr. Hamilton were lodged in the basement story, and did not fare so 
 well. This was Lenox's last military excursion. He came home to 
 be employed in the practice and teaching of surgery, acquiring a con- 
 siderable reputation among the students, and even among the pro- 
 fessors of the LTniversity, so that, in the fall of 1870, without solici- 
 tation, he received the appointment of Demonstrator of Anatomy from 
 his Alma Mater, lecturing during the winter season on Regional 
 Anatomy. In August, 1868, he became engaged to be married to 
 Miss Harriet Eoosevelt Woolsey, daughter of the late Charles Wool- 
 sey, Esq., of New York, and was married January 7th, 1869. 
 
 My son, Edward, after spending four winters at Princeton, received 
 a call to the Presbyterian Church at Burlingion, New Jersey, a posi- 
 tion made vacant by the resignation of the Eev. John Chester, who 
 had received a call to a church in Washington City. Edward entered 
 upon his duties in May, 1864, and has prosecuted them with much 
 and gratifying success. In June, 1867, he became engaged to be mar- 
 ried to Miss Alice Cogswell Van Eensselaer, but was not married until 
 May, 1868. His wife is the daughter of the late Eev. Cortlandt Van 
 Eensselaer, D.D., of the Presbyterian Church. 
 
 I now turn again to the story of my own progress. I have already 
 
FAMILY HISTOEY AND REMINISCENCES. 103 
 
 intimated that I liad completed and published my work on Diseases 
 Peculiar to Women. The second edition of this book was prepared 
 and published in 1870. 
 
 The war of 1861 having commenced, my Southern practice was 
 destroyed. I had now therefore more leisure, and determined to ful- 
 fill a long cherished idea of remodelling and working out in full my 
 lectures in the University on Obstetrics. I secured an excellent 
 amanuensis in Mr. De France, and commenced reading and writing 
 for the purpose in view in May, 1861. I devoted two hours every day 
 to this work, and was gratified to find how much could be accomplished 
 by this regular devotion of a short period of daily labor. My work 
 therefore, was ready for the press in July, 1863. ]\Iessrs. Lea & Blanch- 
 ard agreed, in August, 1863, to publish it in one large quarto volume in 
 double column, making a book of five hundred pages. It was illustrated 
 by handsome lithographic engravings copied from photographs, and also 
 by wood-engravings taken from different authors. The preparation 
 for the publication of this book occupied my son Lenox and myself, 
 with the assistance of the amanuensis, very laboriously for nearly nine 
 months, so that the work did not appear until 1864. 
 
 My other publications were of very minor importance, consisting of 
 reviews in the North American Medical and Surgical Journal, together 
 with papers concerning cases of puerperal fever, observations with re- 
 gard to the modus operandi of cold, and also concerning the various 
 forms of congestion dependent on irritation, or sedation, or mechan- 
 ical causes. In 1833 I published in the American Journal of the Medical 
 Sciences my views and experiences of cholera maligna, recommending 
 the "evacuating" system, which of late has been improperly called 
 "eliminating." My professional duties were subsequently too absorb- 
 ing to allow of my resorting to the pen until the last few years, when 
 a few papers of mine appeared again in the Medicid Journal in the 
 form of reviews, and also two papers on the subject of synclitism ; a 
 theme, in my judgment, of great importance. 
 
 The diminution of my power of vision, which, as already men- 
 tioned, was first manifest about 1858 or 1859, had been very gradually, 
 but steadily, increasing, so that some points of practice had to be 
 abandoned, and I began to refuse taking more patients. My lectures, 
 too, had to be delivered without the aid of notes; a method which 
 I did not find difficult; but it became every year more and more 
 troublesome to make the proper illustrations and demonstrations before 
 the medical class. Hence, it was necessary, at the termination of the 
 
104 FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 course of 1862-63, to offer my resignation to the Board of 
 Trustees of my professorship which I had retained for twenty- 
 eight years. My resignation was accepted by the Board, who sent 
 me a complimentary letter, and bestowed upon me the title of 
 •"Emeritus Professor." The class also requested that I should sit for 
 my portrait. To this request I acceded, and the painting, executed 
 by Mr. Waugh,. was presented by them to the Wistar and Horner 
 ]\Iuseum. In this Avay my course as a teacher of medicine was 
 terminated; a course which began privately in the Medical Institute, 
 and was then publicly continued in the University of Pennsylvania. 
 The forty years thvis passed among many anxieties and labors, both as a 
 teacher and practitioner, were, I venture to sa}^, prosperous, and at 
 the same time years of usefulness to the ^jrofession, and also to the 
 public. My work at any rate is virtually ended. Nine years, it is 
 true, have since elapsed, and it is possible that I may be spared a 
 little longer, yet 1 cannot expect to exert much more influence. 
 Indeed medical science has changed, and is still changhig rapidly. 
 Many new facts have been developed, especially through the medium 
 of the microscope and of chemical analysis, and of course new 
 hypotheses and new 2)rinciples have aj)peared, very materially altering 
 the practice of the profession. Pharmacy, too, by the agents just men- 
 tioned, has become almost a new science. Old remedial agents have 
 been carefully analj^zed, and their constituents have been j^re- 
 sented in a more condensed and active form, while numerous 
 remedial agents of the most active and efficient character have been 
 discovered, or rather created, by the art of chemistry, often giving 
 us control over diseases formerly regarded as incurable, and acting, 
 in many cases, as excellent and more valuable substitutes for old 
 remedies. The crowning victory is the introduction in this country of 
 anaesthesia by Morton, Jackson, and Warren, who recognized this won- 
 derful power in ether when administered by inhalation. After- 
 wards Simpson, of Edinburgh, after many even dangerous experi- 
 ments upon himself and others, established the fact that chloroform 
 was even more efficient than ether. Experience has yet to determine 
 which is the more valuable agent for the purpose. The power of each 
 is complete in suspending all sensil)ility even under the most severe 
 operations; but so many deaths have resulted in the exhibition of 
 chloroform, and, on the other hand, so few comparatively in the exhibi- 
 tion of ether, that piil)lic confidence in this country is given to tbe 
 
FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 105 
 
 latter, notwithstanding the fact that chloroform is more agreeable to 
 the smell, and operates more speedily. 
 
 Margaret E. Hodge died on the 19th of December, 1866. "Blessed 
 are the dead which die in the Lord, for they rest f i-om their labors and 
 their works do follow them." "The heart of her husband doth 
 safely trust in her, so that he shall have no need of spoil. She 
 will do him good and not evil all the days of his life. She worketh 
 willingly with her hands. She stretcheth out her hand to the poor; 
 yea, she reacheth forth her hands to the needy. Strength and honor 
 are her clothing. She openeth her mouth with wisdom, and in her 
 tongue is the law of kindness. Her children arise up and call her 
 blessed ; her husband also, and he praiseth her. Many daughters have 
 done virtuously, but thou excellest them all. A woman that feareth 
 the Lord, she shall be praised. Let her own works praise her in the 
 gates." 
 
Memorandum of My Brother Charles Hodge. 
 
 Charles was the fifth and last child of Dr. Hugh Hodge and his 
 wife Mary. He was born in Arch Street, the tliird door east of 
 Christ Church Cemetery on the 28th of December, 1797. His father 
 died in the following July, before his last child was quite six months 
 old. Charles's first school instruction was under the direction of 
 Mr. Taylor, a warm-hearted, cultivated and enthusiastic Irish gentle- 
 man, who always took a great interest in his scholars, and perhaps 
 especially in my brother. 
 
 Charles through all his life has had intimate friends. At Mr. Taylor's 
 school he was associated with Samuel Morris, Eobert Griffith, William 
 Turnbull, Montgomery Dale, and others, whose friendship he retained for 
 years. He did not commence his classical studies until we both went to 
 Somerville in May, 1810, under the instruction of Mr. Boyer. Two years 
 afterwards we moved to Princeton, and for six months attended the 
 Grammar-School of the Eev. Mr. Fyler. In the fall of 1812, Charles 
 entered college in the Sophomore Class half-advanced, and graduated 
 at the College of N"ew Jersey in September, 1815. Here he first 
 manifested a quickness in obtaining knowledge without being much 
 of a student. He was among the first in his class, being numbered 
 among those who obtained the first honor, and delivered the valedictory 
 address at the commencement. His three college years were passed 
 by him very delightfully, as the acquisition of knowledge was to him 
 easy, and consequently he had much time for the indulgence of his 
 social propensities. He was exceedingly intimate with Mr. Isaac 
 Piatt, and with Mr. Thomas Biggs, both much older than himself; 
 men who afterwards occupied important positions as ministers of the 
 Gospel. At this time also he formed his acquaintance with Charles 
 Mcllvaine, who was in a class below him, and also with John Johns, 
 who was his fellow-classmate. During the winter of 1814-1815 there 
 was a great revival of religion in the college, and these three young men 
 became at that time communicants in the church. The intimacy, thus 
 cemented, has continued to the present day, although the three have 
 been much separated by place and circumstances; my brother remain- 
 ing at Princeton, a professor in the Presbyterian Church; Johns, 
 after being rector in an Episcopal church in Maryland, becoming 
 
 (106) 
 
FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES, 107 
 
 Bishop of Virginia; and Mcllvaine being at one time chaplain at 
 West Point, at another a rector in Brooklyn, N. Y., and afterwards 
 Bishop of Ohio, and now almost senior Bishop in the Episcopal 
 Church. 
 
 The health of my brother, after graduation was not very good, and 
 as my mother determined that he should spend a year in recuperating, 
 he travelled in Virginia, and afterv/ards went to Boston in company 
 with his intimate friend, Mr. Biggs, a very superior man, who was 
 for a number of years a member of the American Board of Commis- 
 sioners for Foreign Missions. Mr. Biggs' life was not of long dura- 
 tion.* In Boston Charles was quite unwell. He suffered from bleed- 
 ing of the lungs, and was put under the care of Dr. Jackson, a 
 distinguished physician of that day. In 1816 he commenced his 
 theological studies at Princeton in conjunction with his friends, Johns 
 and Mcllvaine, the latter being his room-mate.* His course of study 
 terminated in the fall of 1819, when he was licensed to preach the 
 Gospel. During his residence in the seminary he attracted the 
 special notice of Dr. Alexander, who formed a high estimate of his 
 ■powers, and advised him not to take a position as pastor, but to 
 prepare himself for a teacher. He spent the winter, therefore, of 1819- 
 1820 in occasional preaching, but chiefly in theological studies, and 
 upon the meeting of the General Assembly in May, 1820, on the 
 recommendation of Dr. Alexander and of Dr. Miller, he was appointed 
 tutor of Hebrew, etc., in the seminary. The duties of this position 
 were so well performed that two years afterwards he was recom- 
 mended by the same gentlemen, and by the Directors of the Seminary, 
 for the position of a professor. He was, in accordance with this 
 recommendation, duly elected, and entered upon the duties of his 
 office the following autumn. He was now under the necessity of 
 becoming a hard student, particularly in the ancient languages. He 
 also studied French to a certain extent, and afterwards devoted much 
 attention to German. In 1826 it was thought best by his colleagues 
 that brother should have the advantage of two years' study in Europe. 
 Means for this purpose were provided chiefly by the Lenox family, 
 and Charles, after spending about three months in Paris, went to 
 Havre and thence to Berlin. He was very kindly received by the 
 professors in the German schools of theology, and formed an intimacy 
 with Tholuck, then a student, but later a distinguished theologian and 
 
 ♦According to the "Life of Charles Hodge," by his son, A. A. H., Mr. Thomas 
 J. Biggs was his room-mate the first year, Mr. John Johns the second year, and Mr. 
 T. S. Wickes the third year. Mr. Biggs lived until Feb. 9, 1864.— B. B. H. 
 
108 FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 professor, with whom constant correspondence has been kept np. After 
 a short visit to Switzerland and England brother returned home in 
 1828, resuming the duties of his professorship with renewed earnest- 
 ness. Before he went to Europe, at the instigation and with the 
 support of his colleagues, and with the patronage of other professors 
 and the clerg}^ of Princeton, he undertook the publication of the 
 Biblical Eepertory. This was a quarterly religious periodical, devoted 
 chiefly to notices and reviews of books. It has continued to the 
 present day, remaining until 1872 almost entirely under the sole super- 
 vision of Professor Hodge. It is now termed the Presbyterian Quarterly 
 and Princeton Review, and is conducted by Professor Atwater, of Prince- 
 ton, and Professor Henry B. Smith, of the Union Theological Semin- 
 ary, IST. Y. The character of this work, as maintained by Dr. Hodge, 
 was very high. It was always regarded as representing the peculiar 
 views of Princeton Seminar}''. It took, of course, a strong and decided 
 part in the various theological discussions and controversies of the 
 day, dealing with the interests of the Church in general, and par- 
 ticularly with those of our own denomination, especially such as 
 characterized the last forty or fifty years. Among these were some 
 that issued in events of a very momentous character, involving a 
 division among the brethren and a disruption of the Church. These 
 controversies have happily ceased. A union having been effected 
 between the Old and New School parties, their representatives met in 
 May, 1870, in the old First Church on Washington Square, Phila- 
 delphia, constituting once more the united General Assembly of the 
 Presbyterian Church. In all the controversies of this period brother's 
 paper bore an influential part, and much credit has been rendered 
 him for the spirit of candor which has characterized his writings. 
 After the death of Dr. Miller and of Dr. Alexander, brother became 
 the senior professor in the seminary, and now occupies the chair of 
 Systematic Theology. Two of Dr. x\lexander's sons, James and 
 Addison, became his colleagues, both of whom have died. For a 
 short time also Dr. John Breckenridge, a son-in-law of Dr. Miller, 
 was associated with him in the faculty. Dr. Breckenridge returned, 
 however, to his labors in the pulpit, and after some years died. My 
 brother's present colleagues are Prof. W. Henry Green, Prof. A. T. 
 McGill, Prof. Charles A. Aiken, Prof. James C. Moffatt and Prof. C. 
 Wistar Hodge. 
 
 Brother has thus labored in the cause of the Church very steadily, 
 and, at the same time, pleasantly; and, it may be added, with great 
 
FAMILY HISTORY AND KEMINISCENCES. 109 
 
 success. In 1862, the fiftieth anniversary of the seminary was cele- 
 brated, and brother delivered a speech upon the occasion, as one of 
 the professors, in which he recalled the time, vivid in his recollection, 
 when he, as a school boy, seated in the gallery of the church, witnessed 
 in 1812 the inauguration of Dr. Archibald Alexander as the first, and 
 at that time, the only professor. Ten years later, in 1872, a remark- 
 able jubilee was held at Princeton to commemorate the fiftieth anni- 
 versary of my brother's professorship. The church, and indeed the 
 Avhole town^ was crowded with distinguished men from various parts 
 of the country, and a very eloquent address was delivered by the Eev. 
 JosejDh T. Duryea on "Theology as a Science." Congratulatory 
 addresses were made by Dr. Henry A. Boardman, President Woolsey, 
 of Yale College, Mr. Prime, of the New York Observer, and many 
 other distinguished Americans, while Professor Porter brought the 
 hearty greetings of the Church in Ireland. Numerous complimentary 
 documents were also received from Great Britain and other 
 foreign countries, all testifying to the superior character of 
 Professor Hodge as a teacher and a writer of theology. The event 
 was gratifying to all interested; at the same time it wore an air of 
 solemnity, and brother occasionally was much overwhelmned by these 
 manifestations of confidence and affection. If Prof. Hodge has 
 managed to secure, not only the respect, but the love of his pupils, 
 it has been on account of the amenity of his manners, his benevolence 
 and especially the warmth of feeling which always characterized his 
 instructions, especially when he was dealing with subjects of a 
 practical character. As an author he is well known through the 
 numerous reviews which have appeared from his pen in the Biblical 
 Repertory, many of which have been republished in separate volumes. 
 He has published besides a history of the Presbyterian Church; and 
 also a very valuable practical essay for young persons, issued by the 
 American Sunday School Union, and called the "Way of Life." This 
 work was written at the instigation of Mr. Packard, for many years 
 the indefatigable Superintendent of the American Sunday School 
 Union. He was anxious to have a work to place in the hands of 
 young people, who felt the need of something more elaborate than 
 the common instruction which they received. "The Way of Life" is 
 nobly adapted to this purpose. It became exceedingly popular. It 
 has been scattered through the country in numerous editions, and 
 everywhere favorably received, many young people dating their first 
 serious impressions from its perusal. The British Tract Society 
 
110 FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 republished it iu full without alteration, and sent it to almost every 
 part of the British Empire. Translations have also been made of 
 the vrork into the French, German and Hindustani languages, so that 
 its influences have indeed been wide and extended. 
 
 My brother's sons have been long anxious that their father should 
 prepare his theological lectures for publication. This work he finally 
 undertook to do. First everything was to be carefully rewritten, and 
 there was necessarily a re-examination of all prevalent theological 
 opinions, and also a careful study of the various phases of modern 
 infidelity, supported by the most learned mental and physical philoso- 
 phers of the age. The work was indeed arduous, hut providentially, 
 it has been brought nearly to a conclusion with a success that could 
 hardly have been anticipated. Two volumes have been published, which 
 have attracted the profound attention of theologians in America and 
 in Europe, by whom they have been considered as presenting a clear 
 and decided view of theology, and also as containing a very candid and 
 powerful criticism upon the various heresies and infidel opinions which 
 are promulgated by many learned men of the present day. The 
 commendations of the press, representing different denominations 
 of Christians, have been very general and very favorable. The third 
 and last volume is now nearly completed, and, as brother's health 
 continues good, and as his mind is still active, it is to be hoped that 
 he will be preserved to perfect, as far as possible, a work which may 
 prove the crowning effort of his life's labor. 
 
 In his domestic life brother has been greatly favored. He was still 
 a boy in college when he formed an attachment to Miss Sarah Bache, 
 whom he afterwards married. On her paternal side she was descended 
 from Benjamin Franklin, whose daughter married a Mr. Bache, by 
 whom she had many children. One of these was Dr. William Bache, 
 the father of Sarah. Dr. Bache married Miss Catharine Wistar, who 
 was a sister of Dr. Caspar Wistar, Professor of Anatomy in the 
 University of Pennsylvania. Perhaps it will be interesting to state 
 that Miss Wistar was a very superior and high-toned woman, and 
 lived for many years with her brother. Dr. Wistar, and thus made the 
 acquaintance of many distinguished men, both native and foreign, 
 whom Dr. Wistar had great pleasure in entertaining. His house 
 became the centre of the literary and scientific people of Philadelphia. 
 Ho was in the habit of having them meet there on Saturday 
 evenings, usually twelve or fifteen in number. The entertainment was 
 of the most frugal character, but the society was interesting and 
 
Family history and reminiscences. Ill 
 
 valuable. As Miss Wistar, and her friend and companion, Miss Eddy, 
 were present at these receptions, they had the privilege of enjoying com- 
 pany which they found both agreeable and profitable. I have often heard 
 her refer to the few years thus spent at Dr. Wistar's as being the most 
 gratifying period in her life. It was terminated, however, by the 
 second marriage of Dr. Wistar to Miss Elizabeth Mifflin. Soon after- 
 wards Miss Wistar married Dr. Bache, and Miss Eddy married Dr. 
 Hossack, a pupil of Dr. Wistar's, and afterwards professor of the 
 Theory and Practice of Medicine in the College of Physicians and 
 Surgeons in New York. Mrs. Bache had four children at least. The 
 eldest was Sarah, then Benjamin Franklin, then Emma, who died 
 at seven or eight years of age, and Catharine, the youngest. The son, 
 Benjamin Franklin, of whom additional particulars will be found 
 on page 33 of these memoirs, was educated at Princeton, and was 
 afterwards graduated as a physician at the University of Pennsylvania. 
 He was a man of much talent and considerable cultivation, especially 
 in chemistry and pliarmacy. His conversational powers were great, 
 and he abounded in dry humor and pleasantry. Still his character has 
 been very eccentric, and he has laid himself open to considerable 
 criticism. This fact, united with other circumstances, diminished his 
 popularity and his influence. Sarah, the eldest child, came to Prince- 
 ton in 1813 or 1814. She was then a fine, blooming girl of fourteen 
 years of age, abounding in vivacity and intelligence, giving herself up 
 to every new object of attention with apparently a total abandonment 
 of self-consciousness. Thus free from affectation she became a most 
 agreeable and interesting companion. An early attachment occurred 
 between my brother and herself, to which allusion is made on page 
 32 above, but it was for years kept concealed until the death of her 
 mother, which took place in Philadelphia in 1820. Innnediately after 
 the appointment of my brother to his professorship he and Sarah were 
 married at Cheltenham, at the house of a mutual friend, Judge 
 McKean. The ceremony was performed by Bishop Wliite, of Penn- 
 sylvania. It so happened that our cousin, Elizabeth Bayard, was 
 married the same day to Mr. John S. Henry, son of Alexander 
 Henry, of Philadelphia. After my lirother's marriage he and his 
 wife took lodgings in Princeton at the house of Colonel Beatty. They 
 afterwards took the house at the corner of Nassau and Witherspoon 
 Streets, opposite the college. Here their first son was l)orn on the 
 18th of July, 1823. He was named Archibald Alexander, in compli- 
 ment to liis father's friend and preceptor of that name. Archie, as he 
 
112 FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 was always called, was a large, strong, healthy-looking infant, and early 
 manifested much intelligence. He received his academic and collegiate 
 education at Princeton, and then passed through the theological 
 seminary. For a short time he served as tutor in college. Having 
 determined to be a missionary, he obtained an appointment to Alla- 
 habad in India. Previous to his departure he married Miss Elizabeth 
 Holliday, of Winchester, Va., niece of the Eev. Dr. McFarland. He 
 sailed for India in 1847. The health of his wife, which had never 
 been strong, was wretched during the voyage. After much suffering, 
 however, they arrived safely at Calcutta, and eventually at their 
 mission station. Alexander's position was to him very satisfactory 
 and pleasant at Allahabad, as he found all the surrounding circum- 
 stances, especially regarding the American and English population, 
 agreeable to his feelings, and he saw before him a great prospect of 
 usefulness. His first child was born about the year 1848, and was 
 named Sarah, after his mother, but by the natives was called "Bibi,"' 
 the Little Lady, a name which she has ever since borne. A year after- 
 wards another daughter was born, who was named Elizabeth, after 
 her mother, but by the Hindus she was called "Bini," or Sister of 
 the Lady, and the name clung to her through life. In consequence of 
 these events, and by reason of the great heat of the climate, Mrs. 
 Hodge's health became so prostrated that her physician declared it 
 impossible for her to remain in India. Alexander, therefore, and his 
 family returned to his father's house in America, after an absence 
 of three or four years. He soon accepted a call to a small congrega- 
 tion in Cecil County, Md., near to the Pennsylvania line, where 
 he eked out a scanty support by teaching. He afterwards received a 
 call to Fredericksburg, Va., where his position was very agreeable. 
 He made friends with all the various denominations of Christians, and 
 his preaching attracted much notice. He found time also to prepare 
 a theological catechism, which is considered an able work, and gave 
 the author a reputation, not only in this country, but also in England. 
 When the Civil War broke out Alexander, with his family, made 
 his way through West Virginia and Maryland into Pennsylvania, and 
 thence to his father's house in New Jersey. He soon received an 
 appointment as pastor of the Presbyterian Church in Wilkes-Barie, Pa., 
 and afterwards, when a vacancy occurred in the Western Theological 
 Seminary at Allegheny, by the resignation of the Eev. William S. 
 Plumer, Alexander was made professor of theology in that institution, 
 with which he is still connected, enjoying a high reputation as a 
 
FAMILY HISTORY AND EEMINISCENCES. 113 
 
 theologian and teacher, as well as a pastor, for he has charge also 
 of a congregation. His reputation was much enhanced by the publica- 
 tion of an elaborate work on the Atonement. The opportunity for 
 issuing this work was afforded by the excited state of the Presbyterian 
 Church, when a union was proposed between the Old and jSTew School 
 bodies. It was, therefore, extensive^ read. Alexander has since 
 published a smaller Ijook with the title, "Presbyterian Doctrine Briefly 
 Stated." His wife, Elizabeth, died in 1867, and he was subsequently 
 married (Dec. 20, 1869,) to a Mrs. Wood, a widow-lady [whose maiden 
 name was Margaret McLaren] . She is a woman of much intelligence 
 and of excellent character. She had no children. 
 
 The second child of my brother Charles was Mary, who was named 
 for our mother, who made the request that, Elizabeth should be added 
 to the name in commemoration of my mother's two daughters, both 
 of whom died in early life. Mary was born on the 31st of August, 
 1825, an intelligent, interesting girl, and, as the first daughter in 
 the family, peculiarly acceptable. In 1848, when she was twenty- 
 three years of age, she was married to William ]\I. Scott, of Ohio. 
 Mr. Scott had lately been graduated at Princeton Theological Semin- 
 ary, and had been called to a professorship in Centre College at 
 Danville, Ky. In this place he resided for a number of years, finding 
 the society very agreeable, and enjoying a position which was one of 
 influence. He afterwards accepted a call to the Seventh Presbyterian 
 Church in Cincinnati, and subsequentlj' was made one of the 
 original professors of the ISTorthwest Theological Seminary just then 
 established in Chicago, 111. His increased labors and the severity of 
 the climate in that locality ruined his health. He felt compelled, 
 therefore, to resign his professorship, and came to Princeton with 
 his family in December, 1861, and there soon died of consumption. 
 
 Mary Scott's first child was born in Danville, Ky., in July, 1849. 
 He was named Charles Hodge, after his grandfather. He was, there- 
 fore, about twelve years old at the death of his father. He was 
 of course, educated at Princeton, and, having graduated at college, 
 made up his mind to be a business man. He went accordingly to his 
 uncle Alexander at Allegheny, and soon obtained an important posi- 
 tion in a Avealthy iron commission house with good jjrospects before 
 him. 
 
 Mary's second child was John, who Avas a great sufferer from dis- 
 turi^ance of his digestive organs, and he died when he was very 
 voung. A third son was Hugh Lenox, who received that name iu 
 8 
 
114 FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 compliment to m^'self. He obtained his academic education at Prince- 
 ton ; but, being enamored with the idea of a roving life, he determined 
 not to enter college, but, if possible, to be educated as a military 
 man at West Point; and at this institution he was entered in June, 
 1870, and still anticipates the pleasure of a military life on the 
 prairies and the mountains of the West. Mary's fourth son was 
 William, so named after his father. He is now fourteen years of 
 age, a boy of remarkable intelligence and piety, who, even at the age 
 of ten, was number one in a class of twenty-five at Mr. Faires's 
 excellent school in Philadelphia. He is now pursuing the study of 
 the languages, mathematics, etc., at Princeton; and, although he is 
 already fully prepared for college, his entrance has wisely been post- 
 poned for another year. 
 
 Mary Scott was greatly favored, on the death of her husband, and 
 in the distress attendant upon the restricted circumstances in which 
 she was left, b}^ finding a home once more in her father's house. Her 
 health, providentiall}^, has been good, and she has constantly laljored 
 industriously and anxiously for the maintenance and the education of 
 her children. Her labors have been greatly blessed. She is still well 
 and strong, looks better and younger than she did many years ago, 
 and has the great satisfaction of seeing her children grow up 
 intelligent and well-educated, and, therefore, greatly respected. 
 
 My brother's third child was Caspar Wistar. He was born on the 
 21st of Feburary, 1830. He was named after his granduncle. 
 Professor Caspar Wistar. He, like the other children, distinguished 
 himself by his talent, taking high places in school and college, and 
 delivering the Latin Salutatory as the first honor man at gradua- 
 tion. He had the special privilege of enjoying the personal instruc- 
 tion and companionship of Professor Addison Alexander, so well- 
 known for his genius and his writings, as well as fo'r many peculiari- 
 ties of character, some of which his pupil may have imbibed. Wistar 
 studied theolog}^, and, having been licensed to preach by the Presbytery, 
 was a short time tutor in the college. He married Miss Mary 
 Stockton, daughter of the late Lieutenant Stockton, and grand- 
 daughter of the Hon. Richard Stockton, of Princeton. He accepted 
 a call to Williamsburg, L. I., and about a year later was settled 
 as pastor at Oxford, Pa., where he had the misfortune of losing his 
 wife, who died of consumption. On the death of his former teacher, 
 Addison Alexander, he was appointed by the General Assembly pro- 
 fessor in the tlieological seminary, at Princeton, as a colleague to his 
 
FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 115 
 
 father, and filling the chair of Xew Testament Literature and Biblical 
 Greek. This position he was very unwilling to accept; but it was so 
 strongly urged upon him that he could not refuse. He still acts as pro- 
 fessor, with reputation acquired for himself, and to the evident advan- 
 tage of the students. He has not made use of the press, and main- 
 tains a reserve in general as to appearing before the public which has 
 always characterized him. After being a widower for five years he 
 married Miss Harriet Terry Post, of Huntington, L. I., granddaugh- 
 ter of Professor Post, the surgeon, of JSTew York. Unfortunately her 
 health proved to be bad, and in nine months after her marriage she 
 died of consumption. 
 
 In October, 1869, Wistar married Miss Angle Pout, a fine, healthy, 
 intelligent woman, who has made herself very acceptable to all the 
 family by the excellency of her character, and by her pleasing manners. 
 By this marriage Wistar has two children, the eldest being a boy, 
 named after himself, and the second, a girl, named after her mother. 
 
 Brother's fourth child was Charles, who was l)orn on the 22d 
 of March, 1832. He grew up to be very intelligent, Ijut, at the same 
 time, somewhat peculiar in his thoughts and character, having much 
 dry humor, and with a sociable disposition, which led him to make 
 acquaintance with everyljody, and somehow always to be more or 
 less useful to his many friends. He was more fond, therefore, of 
 companionship, of social pleasures and of out-of-door exercise, than 
 of study. He did well, however, both in school and at college at 
 Princeton, and afterwards as a medical student in Pbiladelphia.* 
 
 After graduating in medicine he was favored by ol^taining a posi- 
 tion as Eesident Physician in Blockley Hosintal, Philadelphia, and 
 at the conclusion of his term of service determined to settle in Trenton, 
 N". J. He there obtained an appointment as physician at the Kew 
 Jersey Asylum for the Insane, which was under the care of Dr. 
 Buttolph, who married a daughter of Dr. Dorsey, of Philadelphia, 
 and granddaughter of J^obert Ralston. Charles was treated with 
 great attention both by Dr. Buttolph and his wife. About this time 
 he was married and entered upon the practice of medicine in the city 
 of Trenton, where he still resides, enjoying the patronage of many 
 influential families. He married, in 1S58, Martha Janeway, daughter 
 of the Rev. Thomas L. Janeway, and granddaughter of the Rev. 
 Jacob J. Janeway, who was for many years co-pastor mth Dr. Ashbel 
 
 ^■Charles made his home at father's house in Philadelphia 'luring the progress of 
 his medical studies. — E. B. H. 
 
116 FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 Green in the Second Presbyterian Church, Philadelphia. By this 
 marriage there are now six children; two daughters, Alice and Sarah, 
 and four sons, Charles, Thomas Janeway, Hugh Bayard and Archibald 
 Alexander. 
 
 The fifth child of my brother was born in 1834. Brother named 
 him after my cousin, Mr. John Bayard, who was settled at Mill- 
 stone, four miles from Somerville, N. J., and to whom my brother 
 and myself were indebted for innumerable attentions, even of a 
 paternal character, and at whose house we passed some of our 
 happiest days. John grew up and was a stout, healthy boy, but did 
 not display that devotion to study which characterized his brothers. 
 As he- manifested, on the other hand, a desire to become a farmer, he 
 was sent to spend some time near Salem, IST. J., in company with, 
 and under the direction of some cousins of his mother. Afterwards his 
 father purchased a farm four miles from Princeton, on the Millstone, 
 where he placed John in charge. This experiment was continued for 
 some two or three years, but was not successful. John accordingly 
 accepted an appointment in a railroad office at South Amboy. John 
 is an excellent, conscientious young man, and is making himself 
 useful in the church. Up to the present time he has not married. 
 
 Brother's sixth child was Catharine Bache, named for her grand- 
 mother, Mrs. Bache. Catharine was educated almost exclusively at 
 Princeton, to which place and its inhabitants she is most devotedly 
 attached. She is of a very active, intelligent mind, with much humor 
 and pleasantry, so that she is a very agreeable companion. She is a 
 communicant in the Church, and devotes a large part of her time 
 to labors in the Sunday-school, and in furtherance of the various 
 benevolent operations of the First Presbyterian Church. Up to the 
 present time she has remained single. She was born on the 31st of 
 August, 1836. 
 
 Brother's seventh child was Francis, named for Francis Blanchard, 
 son of Samuel Blanchard, of Wenham, Mass., and the favorite nephew 
 of our mother. Francis was born on October 24, 1838. Of course, 
 he also was educated at Princeton, graduating at the college, and 
 eventually at the theological seminary. He had considerable difficulty 
 in pursuing his studies, as one of his eyes suffered much from 
 inflammation, the result of an accident. FIcnce, knowledge was 
 acquired in his case very largely from oral instruction. Nevertheless 
 he made rapid acquisitions, and, as he had a fine voice and manner, 
 he had the honor of being Junior Orator, and of delivering the Whig 
 
FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 117 
 
 Hall Anniversary Oration. After being educated for the min- 
 istry he was settled at Oxford, Pa., in the position previously occu- 
 pied by his brother Wistar. Here his intelligence, great amiability 
 and devotion to his parishioners, united with considerable eloquence 
 of voice and manner, obtained for him much popularity and influence. 
 His congregation was augmented in size, and, although chiefly com- 
 posed of farmers, they were induced to pull down their old building, 
 and to erect a handsome brick structure as a substitute. AVlien 
 Frank's brother, Archibald Alexander, vacated the church at Wilkes- 
 Barre, Pa., (and after Samuel Dod's four years' ministry), a call so 
 urgent, and pressed with so much importunity, was presented to Frank 
 from this church that, after much hesitation, and with many regrets, he 
 left his friends at Oxford, and is now settled at Wilkes-Barrc^. Here 
 he has new and admiring friends who are devoted to the comfort of 
 himself and famil}^, while he maintains a great popularity as a 
 pastor and preacher. He was married in Princeton to Mary, daughter 
 of Professor Stephen Alexander, of Nassau Hall. She is the mother 
 of three children. They are Louisa Alexander, named after her ma- 
 ternal grandmother ; Charles, named for his grandfather, and Stephen 
 Alexander, named for his maternal grandfather.* 
 
 The eighth and last child of my brother was Sarah, named for 
 her mother, who unfortunately died when this, her youngest child 
 was but nine years of age. Sarah's primary education was at Prince- 
 ton, but she had the advantage afterwards of going to Miss Haines's 
 school in New York City, which was in high repute. She resembles 
 her mother perhaps more than any of the other children, both in 
 person and in manners, being remarkably cheerful and pleasant as well 
 as affectionate. In August, 1866, she was married to Colonel Samuel 
 Stockton, grandson of the Hon. Eichard Stockton. About this time he 
 retired from the Army and devoted himself to agriculture, having pur- 
 chased an excellent farm ("Hay Eidge") about a mile from Princeton, 
 being part of the property which had belonged to his ancestors. Soon 
 afterwards, owing to the death of Mrs. Ehinelander and Mrs. Harri- 
 son, his father's sisters, he became interested in the estate of Com- 
 modore Stockton, as he was next heir after these ladies. The affairs 
 of this estate were very complicated; and, as a compromise, after 
 many judicial decisions, Sainuel agreed to receive as his portion the 
 family mansion and farm known as Morven, on Stockton Street. This 
 
 *Three children were born after 3872: Sarah Blanchard; Joseph Henry (Ob. 1884); 
 and Helen Henry.— E. B. H. 
 
118 FAMILY HISTORY AND KEMINISCENCES. 
 
 property, however, was subject to very heavy mortgages, and these 
 became naturally a subject of much anxiety and labor. Samuel has, 
 nevertheless, the satisfaction of reserving the house which has been 
 occupied by several generations of those whose name he bears. He 
 has been enthusiastically devoted to his agricultural pursuits, and 
 has already obtained much influence by his talents, his amiability, and 
 his kindness, both in Princeton and elsewhere. 
 
 Samuel and Sarah have three children. The eldest, Mary Hunter, 
 Ijears the maiden name of her grandmother, now Mrs. Charles Hodge, 
 and formerly Mrs. Stockton. The second is Sarah, named for her 
 mother. The third is Charles Hodge, named for his grandfather. 
 
 My brother's wife, Sarah, the mother of the eight children above 
 enumerated, enjoyed from early years really excellent health. Never- 
 theless, she was greatly disturbed l^y nervous feelings and 
 apprehensions, and was often tormented with nervous and sick 
 headache. About the year 1848 her health was evidently de- 
 clining. In the summer of 1849 she went to Kentucky to 
 be with her daughter Mary during her first confinement. 
 She returned home, with Mary and the infant, in a state of 
 much exhaustion. Unhappily she did not recover her strength, and 
 on the 25th of December, 1849, she died. Her bright mind and 
 imagination, her lively and pleasant conversational powers, and her 
 great amiability and warm-heartedness, united with agreeable manners, 
 won the minds and hearts of all her relatives and friends. The loss 
 of his wife was a sore trial to my brother. His sister-in-law. Miss 
 Bache, took charge of his household for some years. Eventually my 
 brother paid attention to Mrs. Samuel Stockton, the widow of 
 Lieutenant Stockton of the United States N"avy. Mrs. Stockton was 
 a daughter of Dr. Hunter, who was for years professor of mathematics 
 in the College of 'New Jersey, and afterwards Chaplain in Washington, 
 D. C. She Avas also a niece on her mother's !?ide of the Hon. Kichard 
 Stockton. She was the mother of two children. Mary, the elder, was 
 afterwards married to my brother's son, Caspar Wistar Hodge; wliile 
 Samuel, the younger, was married to Sarah, my 1)rother's youngest 
 daughter. 
 
 Mrs. Stockton's health, prior to her second marriage, had been very 
 delicate. She suffered from cough and from pulmonary hemorrhage, 
 and at one time these disorders assumed a serious character. A 
 journey to Chicago, Detroit and other places, and a visit to her 
 brother. General Hunter, during the summer season, greatly renovated 
 
FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 119 
 
 her ; and, since her marriage to my brother, she has gained much flesh 
 and strength; and now for many years she has had no return of 
 cough or hemorrhage. Her health and spirits are good, excepting that 
 her nervous system is always easily depressed, and sometimes it is 
 greatly prostrated. She has proved an invaluable blessing to my 
 brother and his children. My brother's own health has been also 
 generally good, notwithstanding his leading a rather sedentary life. 
 Pulmonic symptoms which he had whe^n in college are gone. When 
 about thirty-six years of age he became quite fleshy. He had a 
 severe trial, however, in an obscure disease located in his left lower 
 extremity. In March, 1820, after much exercise he would complain 
 of aching sensations in his limb, which, on examination, was found 
 to be smaller than its fellow. Although the uneasy sensations were in 
 ■some measure done away with, yet they occasionally returned, pro- 
 ducing a feeling of weakness, and strong suspicions were entertained 
 that the hip-joint was the source of the mischief. After he had been 
 examined by different surgeons, counter-irritants were ordered, includ- 
 ing cups, blisters and even moxa, while rest from the use of the limb 
 was enjoined. Some benefit appeared to result; and on his visit 
 to Europe in 182G he experienced great improvement, which he 
 attributed in some measure to the climate, but chiefly to the rest he 
 enjoyed from bodily exercise while laboriously pursuing his studies. 
 His ability to walk increased so that, prior to his return home in 
 1828, he endured with impunity much pedestrian travel in Switzer- 
 land. 
 
 In 1832, after walking a great deal in New York City, much 
 pain in the hip returned, and his friend and relative. Dr. Alexander 
 H. Stevens, professor of surgery in New York, said that he must 
 immediately go to bed, as he regarded the symptoms as indicating 
 the commencement of serious disease in the Joint. This diagnosis 
 was confirmed by surgeons from New York and Philadelphia. Perfect 
 rest in bed was enforced, and all motion of the joint was prevented by 
 splints, which extended from the axilla to the foot. This treatment' 
 was supplemented hy mild counter-irritants. Under this practice the 
 symptoms were ameliorated. The rest enjoined was continued without 
 remission for several years. Indeed, after he was permitted to go 
 about upon crutches, he did not adopt a sitting posture, and eleven 
 years elapsed 1)efore he was permitted once more to enter the j^ulpit. 
 Although thus confined without motion, so that he could not even 
 turn in bed, liis general health rather improved, and he gained in 
 
120 FAMILY HISTOKT AND KEMINISCENCES. 
 
 flesh. At the same time his mind and heart were in good condition, 
 and he attended to all his professorial duties; the classes from the 
 seminary coming over to his rooms to receive instruction. At this 
 time also he prepared his commentary on the Epistle to the Eomans, 
 which gave him much theological reputation. ISTo bad consequences, 
 therefore, resulted from his long confinement, and there never has l^een 
 any jDOsitive development of local disease. His power of locomotion 
 seems to he very good; but the limb has remained smaller than the 
 other, and is more sensitive, especially to cold, so that extra covering 
 is required. Apart from this complaint there has been little to affect 
 unfavorably my brother's health. The irregular pains which he 
 occasional^ feels about his chest are not of a character to give rise 
 to any anxiety. 
 
 At the beginning of Feln'uar}', 1871, after some exposure to very 
 severe weather toward the last of January, he became seriously ill, 
 with typhoid symptoms. The attack, however, was of a mild character, 
 although his brain was somewhat excited and his dreams were dis- 
 turbed by the metaphysical questions which he had been lately agitat- 
 ing. After a week or ten days of anxiety to his friends he became 
 convalescent; but two or three months elapsed before he could meet 
 all the demands which his position as professor made upon him. 
 
 He is now in the seventy-fifth year of his age, in the enjoyment of 
 excellent health, looking well for his years, and showing himself 
 fully capable of exercising his mental powers in the completion of his 
 great work on Theolog}'. He is now numbered among the oldest 
 inhabitants of Princeton, most of his companions and predecessors 
 having died, and an entire new generation of professors and teachers 
 having appeared in the college and seminary. He enjoys life, sur- 
 rounded, as he is, by devoted families, and receiving attention and 
 respect from numerous friends at home and abroad. His domestic 
 and professional happiness seems to be complete. May it yet long con- 
 tinue ! 
 
Andrew Hodge, the First— (continued), 
 Hugh Hodge. 
 
 Note. — On page sixteen father begins the story of the sixth child of Andrew Hodge, 
 the first, and Jane McCuIlough, i. e., of Hugh Hodge, and his descendants. The nar- 
 rative now returns to the seventh child of the same Andrew Hodge. 
 
 The seventh child of Andretv Hodge, the first, and Jane McCuI- 
 lough, tvas Jane. She was born in 1757, and was married to B. 
 Phillips, of England. She and her husband passed most of their 
 married life in the West Indies. At her death she left one child, 
 who was adopted and brought. uj) 1)y her aunt, Mary Hodgdon. This 
 child, whose name was Jane, grew up to be exceedingly tall and very 
 delicate. She was, however, a most devoted Christian, an untiring- 
 friend and relation. She made herself very useful in the Church, 
 and also during the epidemic of malignant cholera in 1832, being 
 one of the ladies who took charge of the asylum for poor and neglected 
 children, left helpless by this epidemic. She died a few years after- 
 wards of disease of the heart. Her avint, Miss Phillips, an English- 
 woman, whom we all designated as Aunt Phillips, also lived with 
 Aunt Hodgdon, and was a most congenial and excellent character. 
 She died suddenly of apoplexy many years before Jane. 
 
 The eighth child of Andrew Hodge, the first, and Jane McCuIlough, 
 was Mary. She was born in 1761, and married Major Hodgdon, v/ho 
 had served in the Eevolutionary War, chiefly as Quarter-Master- 
 General. Pie was originally from Boston, where he was ver}^ intimate 
 with Colonel Sargent, with whom he was associated in business. He 
 afterwards settled as a merchant in Philadelphia, and for a time was 
 prosperous. He built for himself a large house in Arch Street, above 
 Sixth, now 604, having Mr. William Montgomery to the west, and Mr. 
 Maybin to the east, both of whom built houses similar to his, and 
 their families became intimately associated. Major Hodgdon died 
 when about seventy-five years of age. Mary, his wife, had remained 
 unmarried until after the death of her parents (Andrew Hodge and 
 Jane McCuIlough), but devoted herself to taking charge of her 
 father's family, her sisters having married. Her father died in 1789, 
 when about seventy-eight years of age. Soon after his death her 
 marriage with Colonel Hodgdon took place, and she became the mother 
 
 (121) 
 
122 FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 of several children. Her oldest child was Mar}^ Ann, who early 
 became a comminiicant in the Chnrch. She remained single, and 
 lived nntil about seventy-two years of age. She took care of her 
 mother while she lived, and afterwards kept house for her brother 
 Alexander. She died of cancer. 
 
 Mrs. Hodgdon's second child was Samnel. He was of a ]5eculiar 
 temperament. He entered into mercantile business, was married 
 early, and retired to ]\Iontrose, in Susquehanna County, Pa. He had 
 several children, became a communicant in the Church, and made 
 himself very useful. After the death of his first wife he married 
 a sister of Judge Jessup, of Montrose, by whom also he had children. 
 Upon her death he married as his third wife a lady from New Jersey, 
 who survived him. After this third marriage he transferred his resi- 
 dence to Newark, N. J., and afterwards to Germantown, Pa. He 
 there died of disease of the heart when about seventy years of age. 
 One of his sons, named Henry, lived and died in Kentucky. Another, 
 Captain James Hodgdon, was in the mercantile service. He eventually 
 commanded steamers running between Philadelphia, Mobile and 
 Savannah. Upon the breaking out of the Civil War he was employed 
 in the transport service, chiefly in the Gulf of Mexico. He there 
 contracted disease of the liver and stomach, of which he died in 
 Philadelphia. He married a iJiiss Dana, of Wilkes-Barre, Pa., and 
 left but one son, who still lives (1873). His widow afterwards 
 married Samuel Belton Henry, youngest son of John S. Henry, and 
 she now resides with him in "Virginia. A daughter of Samuel Hodgdon 
 married a Mr. Urquhart, who lives in Wilkes-Barre, Pa. Another 
 daughter married Dr. Messier, of Kentucky, who had a lucrative 
 practice there, and during the war occupied an important position. 
 Being much interested in chemistry he has since that time estal^lished 
 a large chemical manufactory in Connecticut, some ten miles from 
 Hartford, where he and his wife are exerting a great influence for 
 good. 
 
 Another daughter born to Mary Hodgdon was Elizal^eth, who died 
 early in life. Jane was the next daughter. She was born about the 
 year 1797, and was a girl of much talent, and great vivacity, making 
 herself very agreeable to her associates. Of course, under these cir- 
 cumstances, she had intimate friends. Among these may be men- 
 tioned Matilda Maybin, iVugusta S})erry and a Miss Smith, a very 
 handsome young woman who married and died; also, Matilda Henry, 
 daughter of Alexander Henry, and afterwards wife of Dr. John K. 
 
FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 123 
 
 Mitchell. Mrs. Mitchell died only a few days ago. \Y\wn Jane 
 Hodgdon was about twenty years of age she married Dr. Thomas 
 Harris, of the United States Navy. Dr. Harris was twenty years 
 older than herself, a very intellectual man, of a quiet and sedate 
 demeanor, but one who exerted much influence, even putside of his 
 profession. At one time he had a very large and fashionable practice 
 in Philadelphia. This was broken up by chronic disease of the spine, 
 so that he became almost incapable of going about. He was largely 
 instrumental in establishing the N"aval Asylum on the Schuylkill River 
 for sailors; the father of the institution being Judge Southard, of 
 Trenton. Dr. Harris was afterwards transferred to Washington, 
 where he received an appointment as chief of the ISTaval Bureau, soon 
 after its establishment. Some years later, his health being very feeble, 
 he was put upon the retired list, and came to Philadelphia, where 
 he died of cardioplegia. Jane Hodgdon and Thomas Harris had several 
 children. The oldest was William, who studied medicine, and entered 
 the United States N'avy, but did not attain much influence. He 
 married a lady in ISTorfolk, who afterwards died, leaving him with 
 several children. William is still living in Norfolk. His second child 
 was Mary, a very fine, intelligent' girl. She married a Mr. Dorsey, 
 of Maryland, where she afterwards lived. She had three or four 
 cliildren, one of whom only survives. He was taken by his father to 
 Virginia, where he entered the Rebel Army, and is still living. Mary 
 Dorsey herself died while still young, soon after giving birth to twins. 
 Her husljand, Mr. Dorsey, subsequently married into the Mason family 
 in Virginia, and went to that State to live. 
 
 The next child of Tliomas and Jane Harris was Elizabeth. She 
 married Judge Daniels, of Richmond, Va. He was Judge of the 
 Supreme Court of the United States, and was then an old man with a 
 familv of children. He was, of course, a gentleman of great influence, 
 but the difference of age between himself and his wife was very 
 marked. Elizabeth had at least tv/o children, who were brought up 
 by his family ; their mother perishing when quite young in consequence 
 of her clothes taking fire while she was dressing for a party. 
 
 Thomas Harris, Jr., was another child. He early entered the Navy, 
 and was actively engaged in the public service during the Civil War. 
 Wlien the war was over he spent most of his time upon the ocean, and 
 is now captain of a United States vessel in the South Pacific. He 
 married Lucy Jaudon, daughter of Ashbel Green Jaudon, and grand- 
 daughter of Daniel Jaudon, well-known as a most successful 
 
124 FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 teacher of 5'oimg ladies in this city, and as an elder in the Second 
 Presb}'terian Church. Lncy Jaudon had throe or fonr children, and 
 lives in Pino Street, above Twenty-first. 
 
 The last child of Thomas and Jane Harris was Charles, who was, 
 I believe, a short time in the Navy, and afterwards a clerk in one of 
 the Washingion offices. He is now residing in Baltimore. 
 
 The next child of Colonel and Mary Plodgdon was Alexander, who 
 is about seventy-four years of age at the present time. He never 
 married. He was educated as a merchant, took Tip business in Phila- 
 delphia, and for several years was engaged in the same in New 
 Orleans. He then returned to PhiladeljDhia, and took up his resi- 
 dence with his aged mother and his sister. Since their death, which 
 occurred some years ago, he has lived by himself in a house in Spruce 
 Street, above Tenth. He was a young man of talents, with an excellent 
 memory, having great mental and physical activity. He now owns a 
 valuable property in land on the Delaware Eiver, north of Eichmond. 
 He has also considerable personal investments. He has taken great 
 interest in useful and public affairs. He was President of the 
 Columbia and Harrisburg Railroad, retrieving it from many of its 
 difficulties until it was eventually absorbed in the great Pennsylvania 
 Railroad. He afterwards devoted much time and energy to the 
 advantage of the Girard Bank, of which he was a director. He 
 was elected a member of our Common Council, and afterwards of 
 the Select Branch, and has frequently been honored with a re-election. 
 He is constantly employed as a menil)er of the various committees 
 of the City Council, such as the Highway Committee, the Finance 
 Committee and the Water Committee. In this last office he has 
 co-operated very successfully with Mr. Graef, the Chairman and 
 Engineer, to whom as well as to Mr. Hodgdon, the citizens of Phila- 
 delphia are greatly indebted for the supjDly of good water which they 
 are enjoying without any real increase of expense. As a member 
 of the Councils Mr. Hodgdon has been very diligent and punctual 
 in all his engagements, manifesting a good deal of business talent, 
 and showing himself practical and eloquent in resisting, and often 
 with success, unnecessar}^ expenditures and fraudulent impositions 
 upon the public. In these pursuits he is still engaged with earnestness, 
 not manifesting any decline of vigor or any of the infirmities of age. 
 
 The next and last child of Andrew Hodge, the -first, and Jane Mc- 
 Cullough, was James. [He was the ninth in number.] He early entered 
 the mercantile service, l)ocame a captain and part owner of vessels, 
 
FAMILY HISTORY AXD REMINISCENCES. 125 
 
 and was to a certain extent prosperous. About the year 1793 he 
 undertook a voyage to the East Indies, and sailed from Philadelphia. 
 Since that time no news has come from him except a verbal report 
 of a sailor, who states that the vessel was wrecked on one of the East 
 India Islands, supposed to be Borneo. He also affirms that Captain 
 Hodge and all the crew but himself were surrounded and destroyed 
 by the inhabitants. He himself escaped by hiding in some bushes. 
 Captain Hodge left some property, which was paid by the under- 
 writers on his vessel to Major Hodgdon, the executor of his will. He 
 was interested also in the third of the real estate of his father. A 
 part of this included a house on the east side of Water Street, 
 bounded on the north by the house and stores of Henry Pratt, Esq., 
 and on the south by the stores belonging to his brother, Dr. Hugh 
 Hodge. My father, Dr. Hodge, rented this property from his brother, 
 and lived there until 1797. It was in this house that I and my fathers 
 other children were born, with the exception of my brother Charles, 
 whose birth occurred while we were living in Arch Street, above 
 Fourth, in a house next west of Thomas Stewartson's, to whom it 
 belonged. 
 
 Of the three brothers who came over to this countr}^, the youngest 
 was HUGH HODGE. He also settled in Philadelphia, first as a regu- 
 lar merchant, but afterwards in a dry goods store in Market Street, 
 above Second, on the north side, where he earned a very comfortable 
 support. He, like his brother Andrew, was a trustee of the Second 
 Presbyterian Church (in 1780). He also filled the office of deacon, and 
 this position he occupied during the remainder of his life. Hugh mar- 
 ried a Miss Harkum, whose maternal ancestors bore the name of Doz, 
 and were of Huguenot descent. She was connected with the First Pres- 
 byterian Church, then on Market Street, and afterwards with Christ 
 Church. Miss Harkum early in life had religious tendencies, but it 
 was not until she came under the influence of the celebrated Mr. White- 
 field that her religious character was confirmed. It was her habit to 
 make every sacrifice to attend the preaching of the great evangelist, 
 walking even twenty miles, if necessary, to accomplish the purpose. 
 She was married many years without having children. Then a son was 
 born, but he soon died. Afterward another lioy was given her, whom she 
 called Hugh, after his father. My impression is that he received a 
 classical education at Princeton ; but, from the account given me by my 
 mother, it would seem that he became interested in mercantile pur- 
 suits, and soon after the peace of 1783 he, and many other young 
 
126 FAMILY HISTORY AND REMIKISCENCES. 
 
 men, embarked for England to engage in business. The vessel in 
 ■which he sailed was never heard of.* 
 
 The loss of their only son weighed heavily vipon his parents. They 
 nevertheless attended steadily to their occupations, and to their 
 religious duties. Mr. Hodge's house became indeed to a certain 
 degree a centre where Presbj'terians collected for the purpose of 
 worship. This character of the house was maintained by his wife 
 after the death of her husband, which occurred in 1783. f Hence, it 
 came to pass that Aunt Hannah was soon denominated "A Mother in 
 Israel." Her house, and even the yard of her house, was crowded 
 with worshippers. She received a great deal of attention from 
 clergymen, especially from Dr. Ashbel Green. Soon after the demise 
 of her husband she received as an inmate of her house Mrs. Finley, 
 the widow of President Finley, of the College of Xew Jersey, who 
 was blind. This good lady stayed with Aunt Hannah as her com- 
 panion until the death of the latter, when she went to pass the 
 remainder of her days in the family of Dr. Jackson, at the corner 
 of Fourth and Arch Streets. 
 
 Aunt Hannah survived until 1805, and then, without much suffer- 
 ing, she passed away in the eighty-fifth year of her age, leaving a 
 record for good long to be remembered in the Second Church. By 
 the will of her husband she enjoyed a life-interest in the property; but, 
 on her death, all of it, including the house on Market Street, was 
 transferred to the Trustees of the College of I^ew Jersey as a per- 
 manent fund, the interest of which was to be appropriated to the 
 collegiate education of pious young men looking forward to the 
 ministry. The fund still remains constant^ productive in accordance 
 with the wishes of the giver. 
 
 Perhaps I may add that 1 have some mementos | of my Aunt 
 
 *"My uncle, John L. Hodge, always stated that Hugh Hodge, son of Hugh Hodge 
 and Hannah Harkum, graduated from Princeton about 1773, being in the same, or about 
 the same, classes with his cousins, Andrew and Hugh Hodge, and that his father sent him 
 abroad for a trip, or to complete his education, and that the vessel was wrecked on 
 the coast of France, and young Hugh Hodge was drowned. There seems to be no 
 reference to a record of him during the time of the Revolution when his cousins, sons 
 of Andrew Hodge, all took a more or less active part; and I think that he died, or was 
 lost at sea before the Revolution." — J. Ledyard Hodge. 
 
 tAccording to Dr. Ashbel Green, in the General Assembly's Missionary Magazine 
 for 1806, the date was 1783; but, in the genealogical tree in the possession of Mrs. J. 
 Ledyard Hodge, and on his tombstone, it is given as 1784.— E. B. H. 
 
 I "Henry Wilson Hodge, son of J. Ledyard Hodge, Esq., has a pair of gold link 
 sleeve-buttons, marked H. H., formerly belonging to Hugh Hodge, which he often 
 wears, and which are almost identically the same pattern as those used to-day, a 
 century later."— J. Ledyard Hodge. 
 
FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES, 127 
 
 Hannah. Some of her family silver came to my mother. This 
 silver, being in a very battered condition, was remelted and converted 
 into plate, consisting of a tea pot, a sugar bowl and a cream jug; also, 
 two dozen teaspoons, all of which were marked with the initials M. H. 
 To me also came as an heirloom a large old-fashioned clock, probably 
 made toward the beginning of the seventeenth (eighteenth?) century, 
 or perhaps earlier, although it is uncertain when it came into the pos- 
 session of my uncle Hugh Hodge. This clock has a handsome mahog- 
 any case, a metallic face and a musical arrangement so contrived that 
 a tune is jjlayed every hour before striking. It is a most excellent 
 time-piece. 
 
 I have also an old-fashioned secretary in my office, some eight 
 feet high, furnished with large drawers, a writing-desk and a large 
 number of pigeon-holes for papers and books, as well as several 
 arrangements for the concealment of money and papers. This piece 
 of furniture was left by Aunt Hannah to Dr. Ashbel Green. Dr. 
 Green's son, Jacob Green, Esq., politely presented it to me after the 
 death of his father, who lived until he was eighty-dx years of age. 
 
 With the death of Aunt Hannah came to an end this branch of the 
 Hodge family, while the descendants of the two brothers, Andrew and 
 William, were, on the other hand, very numerous. 
 
Memoir of Hannah Hodge, Widow of Hugh Hodge, 
 
 WHO DIED IN PHILADELPHIA, PA., DECEMBER 17, 1805, IN THE 
 EIGHTY-FIFTH YEAR OF HER AGE. 
 
 (Written by her pastor, the Rev. Ashbel Green, D.D., for the "Assembly Magazine." 
 See the Panoplist, February 2d, for the year ending June, 1807. Philadelphia 
 Library.) 
 
 "Hannah Hodge was l)orn in Philadelphia, Janiiar}^, 1721. Her 
 father's name was John Harkum, an Englishman by descent. Her 
 mother, whose maiden name was Doe or Doz, was a descendant of 
 a French Protestant, who fled from France on account of the 
 Eevocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685. He and other French 
 Protestants were principally instrumental in founding the First Pres- 
 byterian Church, on Market Street above Second, of which afterwards 
 the Eev. Jedediah AndrcAvs was pastor. There was much dissatisfac- 
 tion among some of the members concerning Mr. Andrews, so that 
 Mrs. Hodge's maternal grandfather and others joined the Episcopal 
 Church. Her ov/n parents, however, remained with the First Church. 
 Mrs. Hodge became a communicant at the age of fifteen or sixteen; 
 but she regarded her true conversion as having occurred under the 
 preaching of \^niitefield. At one time she walked twenty miles to 
 hear him preach; but in after years she did not approve of such 
 excursions. Particulars are given of her conversion and also of 
 the trials and actual persecutions to which she Avas subjected in 
 consequence of her devotion to religious subjects. Even her father 
 drove her and her sister from the house; and these tAvo girls were 
 obliged to support themselves by keeping a small store and doing 
 needlcAvork. The father, however, before his death, Avas reconciled 
 to them, and expressed his regret for his severity. 
 
 "In 1743 the Second Church Avas founded l)y Gill)crt Tennent and 
 the converts of \\niitefield, one hundred and forty ))eing received as 
 members, among whom Avas the subject of this memoir. In, or about 
 the year 1745 she Avas married to Mr. Hugh Hodge, the youngest 
 brother of William and AndrcAV Hodge, Avho also Avas himself con- 
 verted under the preaching of Whitefield, and Avho became a deacon 
 in the Second Church, Avhich position he retained until his death. 
 
 "To support themselves they opened a store on ]\Iarket Street, 
 
 (128) 
 
FAMILY HISTORT AND REMINISCENCES. 129 
 
 above Second, on the north side. They were married eleven years 
 without having children. Mrs. Hodge says : 'JSTor had I ever any 
 particular desire for them until one Sabbath when there happened 
 to be the baptism of an infant, when it suddenly came to me what an 
 honor was conferred upon a mother to train her child for the Lord. I 
 then prayed earnestly that this blessing might be given me. My 
 prayer was answered^, for, in the course of one year, my child was 
 born, presented to the Lord, and taken to himself.' This was a 
 daughter. She afterwards had a son, who grew up to manhood, and 
 studied medicine. During the Eevolutionary War this son went to 
 sea on a voyage of enterprise* 
 
 "The house of Mr. and Mrs. Hodge was the resort of clergymen for 
 religious meetings, and prayer meetings were held sometimes so large 
 that the people, not only filled the house, but even crowded out into 
 the yard. 
 
 "Mr. Hodge died in 1783. His property was left so that the 
 proceeds were received by his widow during her life, and, after her 
 death in December, 1805, the principal was transferred to the College 
 of New Jersey on the condition that the annual income thereof should 
 be devoted to the education of pious young men destined for the 
 ministry. This endowment is still preserved. 
 
 "After the death of her husband Mrs. Hodge still maintained her 
 religious associations established early in life. Her house became 
 often the abode of clergymen, and a place for religious conference 
 and prayer. 
 
 "(For many years after the death of her husband she continued) to 
 supervise her store, now no longer necessary for her sustenance, but 
 the instrument of her charities in various directions; for every 
 penny that was made in this store was devoted to benevolence. 
 
 "Until within two years of her death Mrs. Hodge maintained 
 good general health and much activity of mind and body, although 
 with two or three temporary interruptions from congestion of the 
 brain. From these attacks, although serious, she wonderfully recovered. 
 The last two years, however, she rapidly failed in mind and body, and 
 on December 15th, 1805, had an apoplectic seizure, which terminated 
 fatally on the 17th, when she was in the eighty-fifth year of her age." 
 
 *My mother afterwards told me that young Hugh Hodge, with a number of young 
 Philadelphia merchants, embarked for Europe immediately after the peace of 1783, bul 
 that the vessel was never heard of. My cousin, John L. Hodge, thought that he saileC 
 in the United States ship "Alliance," and that he was lost in some of her adventurous' 
 undertakings. — H. L. H. 
 
 See also Note by J. Ledyard Hodge at bottom of page 126. 
 
 9 
 
130 FAMILY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 
 
 Dr. Green concludes his notice by a very high eulogium upon her 
 character. Solid, sterling integrity, and sincere piety, united with 
 great humility, the love of truth and abhorrence of hypocrisy, were her 
 chief characteristics. This gave her an influence among her Christian 
 associates perhaps superior to that of any other individual. 
 
 She made her house the home of the stranger and the orphan ; and 
 for the last few years of her life she enjoyed the companionship and 
 the friendly attentions of Mrs. Finley, the aged and amiable widow 
 of the Eev. Dr. Finley, President of the College of ISTew Jersey. At 
 the death of Mrs. Hodge, Mrs. Finley* (nee Clarkson) l^ecame the in- 
 mate for a time of the family of Mr. David Jackson. 
 
 Whitefield, under whose preaching Hannah Hodge was converted in 
 1739, preached to a crowd of fifteen thousand persons on Society Hill, 
 so called as being used by the Free Society of Traders. It had its 
 summit on Pine Street and rose in graceful grandeur upon the pre- 
 cincts of Spruce Street! An old letter of the time says : "The change 
 in religion here is altogether surprising through the influence of 
 Wliitefield. ^o books sell but religious, and such is the general con- 
 versation." 
 
 The Second Church at tbat time became housed, according to a 
 paper in Watson's Annals of Philadelphia, in the old Academy, a 
 building which was originally constructed on subscription money raised 
 by the celebrated \^niitefield for the use of itinerant preachers forever, 
 as well as for the maintenance of his peculiar views and tenets, then 
 called "New Light," the promulgation of which caused his former 
 friends in the First Presbyterian Church no longer to hold fellowship 
 with his followers. The building was l^egun in 1741, and, when the 
 walls were but about four feet high, it was preached in by \¥hitefield 
 to a great congregation. It was finished in 1744, faster than money 
 had been procured to pay for its erection. Under these circumstances 
 Dr. Franklin in 1749 raised seven hundred and seventy-seven pounds 
 for t]ie purchase of the property, and it was converted into the first 
 Academy in Philadelphia, with the condition that a preaching hall 
 should be partitioned off aud reserved to the use of itinerants forever- 
 In 1753 (June 10, 1755) it was made the College of Philadelphia, and 
 November 27, 1779, the University. Dr. William Smith was inducted 
 as first Provost, beginning his labors, however, in 1754. 
 
 *Thp first wife of President Finley (Sarah HaH) was the great-grandmother of 
 Samuel Finley Breese Morse, whose inventive genius gave the telegraph to the world, 
 •and of Sidney E. Morse, and Richard C. Morse; the last being the father of Charlotte 
 G. Morse (Mrs. J. Aspinwall Hodge). — B. B. H. 
 
FAillLY HISTORY AND REMINISCENCES. 131 
 
 The Second Church was then built, Rev. Gilbert Teuuent, Pastor, at 
 the corner of Third and Arch streets. The Rev. William Teuuent, who 
 came from Ireland, arrived in Ne«^ York (?) iu 1718,='= and iu 1721 
 removed to 15eusalem, iu Bucks county. Pa. Soon, however, he settled 
 in a Presbyterian church of small consideration at the forks of the 
 iS"eshaminy (he had been ordained a Churchman), where he opened a 
 school for teaching the languages, etc. There he formed many of the 
 youth of early renown, and many of the early clergymen of the Presby- 
 terian Church, among whom were Rowland, Campbell, Lawrence, 
 Beatly and others. It received the name of " Log College." His four 
 sons all became clergymen Gilbert was remarkable for his ardor in 
 Whitefield's cause, and the schism he formed in the Presbyterian 
 Church. He lived for many years at Bedminster, desci'ibed as 
 a neat country-place, having a fine collection of fruit-trees. It was 
 at the northeast corner of Brewer's alley and Fourth street, which was 
 then considered far out of town. In the year 1755 it was advertised 
 as a " very rural, agreeable place." Its proper front was upon the 
 present Wood street, formerly called Brewer's alley because of a brew- 
 house. Rev. Gilbert ^enuent laid the foundation of the Presbyterian 
 Church at the northwest corner of Third and Arch streets, then bearing 
 the name of the New Meetiug-House. It was at first without a steeple, 
 but an effort to raise one was attempted among the society, and it " fall- 
 ing much short," they, iu the year 1753, succeeded to draw a lottery 
 and have it finished. The steeple was afterward taken down for fear it 
 would blow over It was a very neat and ornamental structure; and 
 the Episcopalians, of no mind to see their architectural beauties rivaled, 
 gave rise to the satirical couplet : 
 
 " The Presbyterians built a church, and feign would have a steeple ; 
 We think it may become the church, but not become the people." 
 
 "When Teuuent lived at Bedminster country-seat he was one day 
 overtaken in a storm of rain, and put into the tavern known as ' The 
 White Horse,' at the northwest corner of Brewer's alley and Third street. 
 Having hitched his horse to the buttonwood tree then there, he went 
 into the house; and, while he was seated by the fire drying his clothes, 
 lightning came down the chimney and melted the silver buckles on his 
 knee-bands and shoes. The people thought him invulnerable as a saint 
 of God." 
 
 The ground where the Second Church was built was at one time owned 
 
 * William Tennent "came to America in September, 1716," according to Webster (" History of 
 the Presbyterian Cliurch," p. 365). According to Dr. Sprague, "he landed at Philadelphia on 
 the 6th of September, 1718" (" Annals of the American Pulpit," Vol. Ill, p. 23).— E. B. H. 
 
132 FAMILY HISTOEY AND EEMINISCENCES. 
 
 by one Richard Hill, proprietor of the land extending from Arch and 
 Third streets to Vine and Fifth streets, which he used as a kind of 
 farm ; and, when the Presbyterian church was built, it was spoken of 
 as "on Dr. Hill's pasture" (From Watson's " Annals of Philadel- 
 phia," volumes 1 and 2). 
 
 " A sketch of the connection of the Hodge family with the Second 
 Presbyterian Church of Philadelphia (as) collected by the oldest survi- 
 vor of the family at this time (1870), from early recoHections and 
 accounts occasionally given by friends and .relatives of a former genera- 
 tion." (This is copied from the paper of Cousin Sally Hodge, wife of 
 William L. Hodge, of Washington, and formerly Sally Bayard. ) 
 
 At the time of the formation or collecting of the Second Presbyterian 
 Church, Mr. Andrew Hodge, (the first), with his son-in-la^v. Col. John 
 Bayard, and his brother, Mr. Hugh Hodge, were among its most able 
 and zealous supporters, and contributed largely by money and personal 
 influence to the erection of the brick building at the corner of Arch 
 and Third streets. Here each built a pew, which, in process of time, was 
 transmitted to their successors respectively. A congregation, large for 
 that time, was soon collected, and the first Pastor was the Rev. Gilbert 
 Tennent, whose descendants remained in the church until within a 
 very few yeai-s (say 1860). After the death of Mr. Hugh Hodge, his 
 widow, the much respected and venerated Mrs. Hannah Hodge, having 
 no children living, proposed to her nephew, Mr. Andrew Hodge, that 
 he should take her pew as his, reserving for herself a seat in it, thus 
 leaving his father's pew to Dr. Hodge. That transfer could not be 
 made without the consent of the trustees of the church, as by the charter 
 there must be a sale (in fact, but nominal in this case) to render the 
 transfer legal. This was early effected, and the fifth pew from the 
 pulpit on the south side of the middle aisle became the possession of 
 Andrew Hodge, and the first pew from the pulpit on the north side of 
 the same aisle was the property of Dr. Hodge. On his death it rested 
 with his widow as the guardian of his sons, then children, and (so) 
 remained during her life. It is now the property of Dr. (Hugh L. ) 
 Hodge. (Subsequently it belonged to his son, Dr. H. Lenox Hodge, a 
 ruling elder in the church. ) 
 
Gaylord Bros. 
 
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 Syracuse, N. Y. 
 
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