- f’POP rmptpN* PyaP ’din* n'Pd Na^ai DNiai finroaa rtNiDa N’innN* nxinriN' nP ddni ?jPd d'din'i : *h wiaaDD 11 t ~ : tt-:* t _ - * -: - t - t : ■ : fnpN* Npppa Pj; ny nP ** aa apa n’P’dd aa*a P y *p pja ppap H’niH HNiDja *P y la^riNi Npapa P y ripjapp Tj’nian uy mpi’a N’niD’p jaa f’Naai pppa p’DN’ “]*a;p p*nPna nppaa p’p;_*3 n*ap ana nrv dj,* pa anapt N’aanxP nPwa rpniap; n'I’dni p’aNi rj’P *’ Piaj’ : niappai ’PpriN’a p’P i*iianp,'N‘ nP *p 12 N’a’Pcp' p’pjx *rn do ppp'iy Pj; pan N’apj'a do Pia; NnunNp nnN’i pNntrn nhPn ” pap fa ma xapyp Nvror N'innDi rrap* ro’Da* PPa ninn nN’DianN'Pi npDTi mp ay ppPm "nap dj,t pa fa ’awn om aiaa rjj’jra porn rot?}* maNt : m\*pi Prrai 13 N’nPPa omi p»a N’Pnpa *aaaP anaamn anara mp N,aP;f fpnap annapNp] “fnas* Dp P y pairqn N’ap^p] ’ppm *p nnap or *p n*p Na\p [NnippvD \p fpyp UPD nP aa\p : pnnax fa N’pn dj; iP’Dn imp 14 rppi’p *a”at?i xanp fa ’Pidtvi N'pp.n ryap nthijo mmi xmyn pddo ro’nn N’Pna Panama N’P’aonD : t - t - : • - tt: t • : - : 52 puin 10 ipypP npjpi : nixntpx! n>nin nppxi ’pp npp ip- x’pnx p’p px ip’pp ’ip>Piy n? rj;i3 i’ppi pppip* i6 |p nP pi’nn inp pxi : nnappn xPi xipy nn n ni’pyi : np pspn xPi xipy inpP ppptpni xnnx ni’pyi ppms? n: nani xcrpi i# xPpnp ppmtr- is np;p nipipi : piiyp pxp nPpp firrpjw’ nini xP’pin |p npsx] npypi np n» nnipn nni xnipp i9 maxi : nyptrp nP nixntrxi xnro n’ nP rati iPilpp nPpnsr'x |xpi pi xpi’ rnpy |xp nnipq nP rv nniprip nxini rpipp Tpp ;nipnp’XP xi?j xrp n’Pinjpxi xipj aw nppxi rrp;* ipypp npmp'xn a “pup nnppp *pjp nipxi :tfpo npjip pi xpi’ n’pjp □p x*n py nnip’p ppp* xPn pi xpnip map xm : Mi xjpnsb xipj xjP pnp »pjp nP nipxi x-wp 21 »p’i x’pi a;? »p ipx mix px n’px'iD nn nipxi 22 nipxi : ’p’i xnyn Pp m py'tp’ npi |pr ij; papinn □# pipn mix ’nip intp nnPp nn nip ’pyj 23 nppixi : ppix Ppnp rpp pjr)jp xPi inppi;* ivni piiyp nyn W’l ijp ipypp rjppi ’inpPiyp : nnipii oy npyvi ppn. * A at. Paris P. JOpnSD. T T • T NOTES. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS' USED IN NOTES AND VOCABULARY. act., active, adj., adjective, adv., adverb. Aph., Aphel. apoc., apocopated, c., common, caus., causative, comp., compound, -ed. conj., conjunction, const., construct, dag., daghesh. dem., demonstrative, denom., denominative, emph., emphatic, esp., especially, f., feminine, foil., following. Imp., Imperative. Impf., Imperfect. Inf., Infinitive, insep., inseparable, inter., interrogative, interj., interjection. Ishtf., Ishtaphal. Ithpa., Itbpaal. Ithpe., Ithpeel. Ittaf., Ittaphal. Jer., Jerusalem, m., masculine, ord., ordinal. Pa., Pael. part., participle, parte., particle, partic., particularly, pass., passive. Pe., Peal, per., person, pers., personal, pi., plur., plural, preform . , preformative. ■ prep., preposition. pr. n., proper name. | pron., pronoun, pronom., pronominal, refl., reflexive, s., sing., singular. Shaf., Shaphel. sig., signification, subj., subjunctive, subs., substantive, suff., sufiix, -es. Targ., Targum. * Those omitted will be readily understood. NOTES ON THE TARGUM OF ONKELOS. GENESIS L— X. Chap. I. 1. ”, abbreviation for ("HiT, is generally used in the t: . Targums to render tfiN, nv and D’rON, the latter usually when . t t # • v: as here it occurs as the sole appellation of the Deity. JTliT * v: t : appears in the London Polyglot as ”, in the Paris Polyglot as and, as is said, in some other editions as KnSN* ’ Sim- t t # t i v: ilar expressions render nliT No satisfactory explanation v: 7 of this sole abbreviation in the Targums has been offered. The Jews were accustomed to pronounce it t x — : ~ emph. state, indicated by ^ _ . This ending stands properly for the T Heb. article, but the state marked by it comes to be used, just as the absolute state is used, without idea of definiteness. 2. yi:n arm! and the wind from the presence of the Lord was t •: blowing etc. The connection points out this meaning for tTH- If it means spirit, as some maintain, we have here the opening of an idea, common to the Jewish theology, of a personal, created being, sent forth by God to operate in the forces of nature and upon the the souls of men.* 4. trnas- Tsere written fully as often in the Targums. 11. 'IjH herb whose son-seed is sown i. e. such vegetable products as contain in the plant the seed to be sown. irjnr has the usual Targum-suffix for jl _ . * This is the opininion of Weber. See his “System der Altsynagogalen Palcie- stinischen Theologie,” page 184. Leipzig, 1880. 56 NOTES. 12. Dp*iDX Aph. for jlpipX* Tsere frequently occurs in place of Sh’va. to his kinds* 13. ’xnriri for vv'ti. In the unpointed text ^ was used to distinguish final from * _ _ and then ^ was inserted in place of \ id. jin? with them (pirq). 21. Tsere for Sh’va. 28. Kpll. V for Sh’va.f 31. ppD usually ppD in Onkelos. Chap. II. 2. Peel, a peculiar Pael form in which * takes the place of daghesh in the second radical. The second Tsere is used interchangeably with Hireq as occurs very frequently in the several conjugations of Aramaic verbs. 4. DTPS. Hebraism. See Note on I. 1. 5. Cbj'N’l clearly erroneous. Read with the editions cited at I. 28. 7. ‘)y\ mm and it (breath) became in Adam a talking spirit. .t-: - 8. ponp'po probably means here in the early time , formerly. If so, Onkelos misunderstood the passage. 9. 'VI and [the) tree the eaters of whose fruit know between good and evil. pQDfl for ppplT 12. XhS-13. The punctuators adopted this pointing to avoid confusing Qamets with Qamets-Hatuph. The Berlin edition refer¬ red to has the correct reading. The Paris Polyglot has Holem. * It is not necessary to suppose witt Buxtorf and the grammarians who have iollowed him that Onkelos has rendered exactly the Heb. (and therefore that is used in the Targums for n_); for in vs. 21 he has made precisely the same mistake in a form which makes the fact evident. At best, assertion based on words which would be the same in form for both sing, and plur. nouns offers scanty proof for irregular usage. See note on VII. 14. + So in Buxtorf and the Polyglots. In the editions of Onkelos, Berlin, 1863 and Vienna, 1859, Tsere appears as in vs. 21. For certain readings of the Vienna edition I am indebted to Rabbi Felsenthal. GENESIS III. 57 14. -nrun NmiD1? to the East of Assyria i. e., to the front- — : t : • ” : icard (this side) of Assyria. 17. 'U1 f?’NP1, hut from the tree of those who eating its fruit discern etc. The Paris Polyglot has ,Lox as in vs. 9. •• : t 18. nil **1, so pointed, means that has been; but this introduces n singular turn of thought. Two other explanations are possible (1) that the words are a corruption from the single word ? (2) that nnpS of the Paris Polyglot and other editions is the cor¬ rect text. 23. Peil, a Passive conjugation, more frequent in Bib¬ lical Aramaic. 24. This verse seems to refer to the unfitness of intermarriage among near relatives, an idea not contained in the original. 25. pp’vonp probably should be Ithpe. as in the Paris Poly¬ glot and perhaps in Walton. Chap. III. 3. = XO '1. T : T T 5. |TO. On account of the sublimity of God, the Jewish theologians would assign nothing human to Him, much less an ap¬ proach to divine attributes to a human being. Hence the text must be improved wherever any such likeness is found. 6. n’3 either to contemplate it or to heome ivise •• t t — : * : through it , probably the latter. — fQrPl as though * had Sli’va rather than Pattah. 7- rnr- Hebraistic plural. 8. NIO’Q. This term is derived from and means the t : Word. It is applied in the Targums to God when there is involved the idea of His active agency in the world. This personal idea grew out of such passages as Isa. LV. 11. At first, it appears in these Paraphrases where the original contains anthropomorphic expres¬ sions, but it soon came to be employed for God in His immediate mundane activities; thus, creation and judgment are attributed to 58 NOTES. this Person, He is the Redeemer and Protector of Israel, and her prophets receive their commission from Him. This Person is carefully to be distinguished from a mere messen¬ ger of God and from the Messiah of the Old Test. It must be re¬ membered also that, while the later Jewish theology dropped the term as they did their idea of the immediate activity of God in the world, the word really supplied its place, having come to mean the personal representative of God, rather than the imper¬ sonal symbol of His presence.* *1 with Pattah as though be¬ fore hHK. 10. T jru,m for rfrm as if it were Peil. Tsere is also written fully as so often in the Targums. — jTIDtON- Ithpa. from "lDD with assim. Such forms throw light on the so-called Ittaphal. 11. ‘?H3 = l7,13. 13. ’r ypN = ’.L and 'i'UJs'. 15. tfin he shall he mindful of tliee what thou didst to him at the beginning and. tliou shalt he watchful of him at the end. 19. should read jOiNN 21. Onkelos wrongly interpreted my as the part of man to be covered instead of the material out of which the covering was made. 22a. A circumlocution to avoid the theology of the original pas¬ sage. See Note on vs. 5. Chap. IV. 1. D*lp. was a word very useful to avoid bad theology. Jehovah was far from men in the upper regions. His name could not even be pronounced, much less could He be supposed to act in the help-giving way described in the original. 4. HMfornM which is found in some editions. .. T _ •* * ~ 7. Will not , if thou makest good thy work , there he forgiveness for thee1 and , if thou dost not make good thy work , to the day of judgment * For a satisfactory explanation of this Jewish idea the writer is indebted to Weber. See p. 174 sq. of the volume already mentioned. GENESIS YI. 59 thy sin is reserved , which will be exacted from thee , if thou do not repent , and , £/iou repent , it ivill be forgiven to thee. 13. The interpretation of Onkelos might be correct were it not for ys. 14 which shows that Cain seeks a mitigation of punishment. 14. See in Vocabulary. 16. pp'lppp* Onkelos seems to mean that this land (of the wanderer and outcast, as he defines TO) was prepared for Cain in the beginning. The Hebrew simply asserts that it was East of Eden. 20. The suffix is pleonastic. 23. for jorx* N\-Ta\\* for not a man have I killed that on his account 1 should bear punishment and also not a youth have 1 destroyed that on his account my seed should, be finished (Ithpeel). 24. for 'nx are suspended. 26. ftn forebore , ceased. T Chap. V. Compare carefully the Hebrew of this chapter, note the different order of the numerals and the plural for the sin¬ gular in Hebrew. Chap. VI. 1. We must suppose either, (1) that this is a very irregular Peal form used like such forms as (as in He- . T brew) or (after the analogy of the other conjugations); or, (2) that it is Pael, initial Sh’va having been substituted for Qamets. The editions, as far as consulted, unite in the reading of the text. 3. For ideas in the original which Onkelos has missed see Dill- rnann on Genesis.* 4. for or fillip pPl and they (the daughters) were bearing on account of them (the giants). * In Kurzgefasstes exegetisches Handbuch zum Alt. Test. Die Genesis, 4. Aufl., Leipzig, 188L 60 NOTES. 6. nHD*J33- See Note to III. 8. 7. m jTDD- Seghol incorrectly with \ V t 11. pjpiiOII robberies. Some editions have the reading |’3iDI7 robbers. 20. ppjp for or Other editions have the latter. Chap. VII. 1. m. Dip is originally a noun and takes suf- t tIt= tIt: fixes in the plural after the Hebrew analogy. Most editions give the ending — pip. The Heb. article is used with dem. pro¬ nouns and pron. of the 3d person in the sense of just this or this very. i4. mf? may be taken as plural noun with suff. 3d sing. f. See Dan. VII. 20 and ef. Gen. I. 12, 20. Id- pJlN protected or sheltered from Aph. pjfr$ or p£jfr$. The change of a long into the corresponding short vowel with dag. forte, or the reverse, and the consequent appearance of alternative forms, which is frequent in Aramaic, is illustrated in Hebrew by the use of both try and try from fll- Perhaps it may be said more strictly that pJIN is Aph. from PJ) and m from pJJ and that this • suggests an original rrru or, better perhaps, in Hebrew. Cf. T. . “ T the Aramaic synonyms ££15 and ££^51. Chap. viii. 3. yyn } for according to the regular usage of the Targums. See the Paradigm. -ror For Qamets read Pattah t with Paris Polyglot. 13. ‘Oi£ll for which is found in some editions. 16. from 17. p££*51 Impf. Peal from ££J*5£ with dag. forte incorrectly omitted. Chap. IX. 5. p5^jl££J'5£- Hebraism for p5jl££^53- 6. Ithpe. Impf. from “T££\N1 i. q. 11. ^j1££^. Ithpeel from ^*££J. GENESIS X. 61 14. Pael Inf. with suff. of 1st person. becomes, before suffixes. 16. Paris Polyglot (see Note to II. 12). For this noun some editions read "1310 which seems preferable. 24. njtflN from Tiy. 27. In the Targums, the relation of the Shechinah to t • : the Glory (jOpb ‘Ip^N) of God is such, that the former is simply the latter made visible to men as the sign of the Divine presence and activity and personal communion with them. It is not that Glory itself, for that dwells upon the throne in Heaven and is hid¬ den from all but God, but it is glory of the glory, splendor from the splendor of His countenance. At the same time, personal inter¬ course between God and His people is maintained, and the Shech¬ inah itself is made to dwell with them through the efficient action of the Word. In the later literature, there was grafted on this notion the per¬ sonal idea contained in JOD’D, this being necessitated by the ex¬ clusion of the latter from the theology. The Shechinah is now not only the splendor of God made visible in cloud, but also becomes the mediator of the Divine operations. Its personal qualities in¬ crease and at last there appears full-grown the idea of a Shechinah, not merely active in Israel, but present in every place, and, through it, God enters into any desired earthly activity, without vacating His proper abode in the heavenly sphere.* Cf. above Note on III. 8 and below Note on Isa. VI. 1. chap. x. ii. *3irn. A name given to a suburb of Nineveh from the broad squares of which it was composed. 25. fU’^jIN i. q. rU73.1N- * See Weber, p. 179 sq. 62 NOTES. NOTES ON THE BIBLICAL ARAMAIC. JEREMIAH X. 11. DiH- Hebraism for pH — for y in its hard sound, as it appears in Arabic, passes easily into p. The exchange is frequent in the Targums. — for plDX*- — Hekraism- This verse is probably an interpolation made during or after the captivity. The MS. 526 of Kennicott omits it. DANIEL II. 4b— VII. 28. Chap. II. 5. njy. n for X as often in Biblical Aramaic. — NHBO for nsnfcb" The Chaldeans of the Book of Daniel formed the priest class of the Babylonian wise-men, later writers some¬ times extending the term to the entire college of wise-men, and also gave much attention to astronomy and astrology. This limited meaning of the term appears first in Daniel. The name was prob¬ ably first applied by outlying peoples to travelling members of the class, for Babylonia (Chaldea) gave the sciences these men repre¬ sented to the entire Orient* For its use to designate the people as a whole see Note on V. 30. — nn?o- n_fork\‘_ . as occurs fre- T ; T. T quently in Biblical Aramaic. — for n'T’fN (“1 i. q. 7 and jl is T; — “ : - changed to ^ as usually in the Talmud with the 3d f. sing.)f The reading of Baer, KtrN is Part. act. f. Various other explanations t: It have been offered for which consult the Commentaries and espec¬ ially Note by Fried. Delitzsch in the preface to Baer’s Edition. — py-rirrn ). The sign of the Aph., which by preference is H in Biblical Aramaic, is often retained after the tense characteristic. — ’SU See 2 Kings X. 27 • t : * See Itiehm Handwoertcrbuch des Bihlischcn Altcrthums. Art. Chaldaer by Schrader. t See Grammar of Luzzatto p. 88. DANIEL II. 63 6. rOOA Probably office or position. See v. 17. t : * : o. rinm your law, i. e., the purpose of all of you is the same. : It -;h3n. In some verbs *> is assimilated as ^ and then, conversely, appears as j, in accordance with later usage, which occasionally al¬ lowed the insertion to avoid doubling the following consonant. Of. vs. 25. 10. Spv. Hebraism. -□bin (trim sacred scribe. See Gen. XLI. 24.— rjtJ’K conjurer from to breathe , the breath being employed in their incantations (This reading is to be preferred to that given in Vocabulary.) 12. A general term including the priests and other learned classes in the realm. 13. npai for ‘1— P?t3prvp were being slain. 14. ’O’DH1?. Acc. with H as direct object. 10. *^0, according to most authorities, is a passive participle. It is better with Luzzatto to call it Peil Perfect. 22. tfVfm Read 1 for \ 25. As j is inserted, in impure Aramaic, to avoid doub¬ ling a consonant, whether dag. forte has arisen from ^ or not, so it is sometimes employed to form a mixed syllable, where a simple syllable with heightened vowel would be expected. See vs. 9. 26. ^njHin1?. See Note to Gen. IX. 14. 27- re diviners or astrologers who pretended to determine the destinies of men from the place of the stars at their birth. 30. See Note to vs. 19. 34. rnpnn, nppn for rnrim, nppn. 39. imiq.inn. 40. from >n 48. 'ijn rc-Srn. Daniel became governor of the province of Babylon and president of the college of wise-men. The Chaldean kingdom was divided into provinces (III. 2). pWD administrators 64 NOTES. or vice-gerents — here, the leaders of the wise-men. See III. 2. 49. In the gate of the king , i. e., he resided at the royal court while his friends executed his commands for the province. Chap. III. 2.* The names of some of these officials are of un¬ certain etymology. The first three, however, seem to be classed together and to include executive functions while the others refer to judicial and financial matters. the governor-gen¬ erals. These were the chief representatives of the king in the pro¬ vinces and were set over them as administrators of their affairs. The derivation is from old Persian and Zend [province-guardians) ? Greek, ^arpaTrjjg. the superintendents , lieutenant-satraps. At T - - first the office included spiritual and civil functions but finally was for the most part a military position. — NjTflS- Probably from T T-: |_ the old Persian but of doubtful meaning. These officers were mil¬ itary or civil according to the period and represented a sovereign as provincial prefects or governors. — N-Hf-rnN (from -|U TIN) the t — : It : chief counsellors , supreme judges. — N*HDT! (Aryan) the managers T ” 1 T * of the public treasury. See Ezra I. 8; VI. 21. — NTDrVT (old Pers- t - : |t : ian) the learned in the law , the lawyers. — NTlDIl ( _Xi) dispens¬ ers of justice, counsellors. rulers , such officials as are not previously enumerated. Cf. Ecc. VIII. 4. — JTpJH feast of dedica¬ tion. Cf. Ezra VI. 16. 5. Njnp horn , the tuba of the ancients. See Josh. VI. 5. — NiTpWO a musical reed or fife from to whistle. Probably the Septuagint has rendered correctly by shepherd' s pipe, composed of several reeds of different lengths and thicknesses bound together, which was played at the end. — DTl(*)p or DTTVp is the Greek nidapw, harp. — see J03D- The word corresponds to the t : ~ t : — Greek aapfivurj, but the instrument is of Syrian origin and the name therefore is Shemitic. It had four strings. is of Greek. * For the terms used in vss. 2 and 5 see especially Keil and Lange in loco. DANIEL IV. 65 origin differing from the harp only in the position of the strings with relation to the sounding-board. — fTJSDID bag-pipe , from the t : : G-reek. It consisted of two pipes passed through a leather bag in such a way that when air is forced into the bag by one of them the other ma}?- be played like a flute and gives forth screaming tones heightened by the presence of the bag.* 8. pN'ltpD is probably used as in V. 30. To “ eat the pieces of any one” is, according to Shemitic usage, to calumniate him. The Chaldeans were jealous of the Jews and wished to have them removed from office. 13. vrrn is a mixture of Aph. with Heb. Hoph. 14. pn‘?lE>....{nvD- Are ye of malicious design ... .not serv¬ ing? may be explained by the Heb. For other de- t : t * : rivations consult the Lexicons and Commentaries. 17. JOPVDP^'. See Notes to Gen. II. 2 and Gen. IX. 14. T T . T *• 19* 1-intr'N. Unless 1 appears incorrectly for *, this is a case of attraction. 21. VP*1. Peal with Pael termination. For the articles of clothing here mentioned, see the Commentaries. 22 . HLSh Pass. part, for HtN- 26. N’Sr i. q. from 4>*. 29. DV'. Pass, part.— for iSu’- ' \ T T Chap. IV. 3. Peil. 4. should be for rvw 9. p-i-r. would belong to noun feminine; rnp to noun masculine. -ftp?-’ Ithpeel. is inserted to preserve the triliter- ality of the root. 14. before a consonant of like organ as its ^ may change the latter into the same. — O'LPjN* Hebraism. • T “ * * See Winer, Rcalw jrterbach, II. 123. 66 NOTES. 15. tntps for rntrs. 16. Omit or place Hireq under it. 19. rVDl for “ : t : “ : 24. The king is exhorted to break off his course of sin by dealing righteously and mercifully with his subjects. — OJH fi*7 if (you wish) that there he etc. 30. mp. Peil. 32. “To strike upon one’s hand” signifies to restrain him. 33. rqpnn. Hophal. See Note to Oen. II. 12. Chap. Y. 1. son °f Nabunahid, the last king of Baby¬ lon, was apparently ruler in the capital during the absence of his father who went out to meet Cyrus in battle.* 3. vreN exhibits a rare use of ^ prosthetic in the Peal Perf. 7. ’n^n, fo>- Ti^n, h way of a third or triumvir. (It is doubtful whether the text contains the true reading, but the essen¬ tial idea is not changed by the omission or change of the final letter.) io. for rhy_. i3. Syn. Heb. Hoph. io. ‘■gih probably for ‘ran. see in. 29— for Nn^n, *. • T : “ T : the third part. Other explanations have been proposed, all, however, including the idea of a triumvirate (of which Daniel was one) for the administration of the realm. See YI. 3. II- thy offices (the positions thou hast in thy power to confer). The context nearly forces this meaning upon the inter¬ preter in the present passage, while it suits well the connection in II. 6. Ewald refers to the old Persian for a confirmation of this view. The derivations of the word from rn or vojMCfia or the San¬ skrit namas are all very doubtful. The ancient versions render it by gifts or presents. ('^ and are found in some MSS.) T* • — * * See Itiehm. Art. Belsazer by Schrader. DANIEL VI. 6T 24. (Vi7&, D’BH, Pcil. 27. NnPpn. Peii. 30. Chaldean. See Gen. XXII. 22. This people was t t : “ of Shemitic origin, having proceeded from Arabia between 3000 and 2000 B. C.* to Southern Babylonia about Ur, thence North, at first to possess gradually increasing authority and influence side by side with the original Babylonians (Accadians), and finally, in the 17th century B. C., to acquire the mastery over this non-Shemitic race. Shortly after 2000 B. C. these New Babylonians established an As¬ syrian colony which in turn subjected Babylonia itself about 1300 B. C. and continued the ruler of the East until the middle of the 7th century B. C. The Chaldaic period, properly so called, or the new-Chaldaic kingdom (corresponding to the new-Assyrian kingdom) dates from the accession of Nabonassar in 747 B. C. and continued till its overthrow by Cyrus the Persian in 539 B. C. The Chaldean branch of the Shemitic languages must not be confounded with the Aramaic. f See however the opinion of Franz Delitzsch in the Pre¬ face to Baer’s edition. Chap. VI. 15. was b ac l uPon himself i. e., was d ispleased. 18- ilWiT See III. 13. — An irreg. Peil from 19. pm female musicians (nm to drive, thrust ), from the idea of driving away sorrow. By a transposition of *7 and pf as is found in MS. 93 of Kennicott, the root would he mn to rejoice. In that t — : * The name appears first much later than this. According to Schrader Kaldu occurs only in the Assyrian literature and not there before 885 B. C. Judging from his quotations from the monuments, it would seem that the name was originally applied to Southern Babylonia, that afterward it included the terri¬ tory from Babylon to the Persian Gulf and that finally it came to be used by the Assyrian kings, now of Southern Babylonia, now of the whole country, the latter usage being adopted by the O. T. writers. See Schrader’s KeUinseJiriften u. das A. T., 2. Aufl., Giessen, 1883, p. 131 sq. + See Riehm, Arts, by Schrader, Assyrian, Babylonien, Chaldaer , etc. 68 NOTES. case the term contains the same meaning in another phase, refer¬ ring then to the happiness conferred, rather than the sorrow expel¬ led by those embraced in it. These explanations are given essentially by Saadia. Buxtorf understands instruments of music; Aben Ezra, tunes and songs; Rashi, tobies; the old versions conjecture food. 24. over it Chap. VII. 4. VOH,p. Peil. 5. and side (i. cp -lopsy 20. rijTDn. See Note on den.' VII. 14. 22. UDfin. Hiphil for Aphel. EZRA IV. 8- VI. 18; VII. 12-26. Chap. IV. 8. XQ3D O and [from with apocopated t : t “ as in the Talmud]) as we say , thus. Id. according to time , as follows. 11- corresponds to the usual Assyrian word for letter.* 12. Vtobw mtrv a belongs to previous word and the verb : - t - : is in Shaphel. 13. D'ilBN- The derivation of this word from the Persian end seems less unsatisfactory than the adoption of conjec¬ tural meanings like treasury , revenue , or tribute. Baer adopts the’ reading with final D. 14. “To season with the salt of the palace” is “to derive sup¬ port from the king.” lb. Hophal, see Note to Ben. II. 12. it. n^rTi'q. 18. np. Peil. * See George Evans, An Essay on AssyrioJogy, p. 35, London, 1883. JOSHUA XX. 69 22. And be cautious of committing an error in this matter. — npnn. inf. as verbal noun in const, state. Chap. V. 3. J031?- 12 of the Inf. omitted and represented by dag. forte. But see Appendix to Baer’s text. 5- l.ov from Inipf. Peal in pause. 8- 7/j Only used after describing the same as one of great weight which must be rolled to its destination. Chap. VI. 3. As to the house of God in Jeru¬ salem let the house be built as a ; place where they are offering sacri¬ fices and- whose foundations are capable of supporting (the struc¬ ture). 'DD is a kind of Poel part. 5. rirrj. SeeV.5. Chap. VII. 12. perfect (peace), an opening salutation ex¬ pressive of good will. 13. TJJT. See V. 5. 23. k'’s*‘P“RN- See Vocabulary and Grammar of Luzzatto p. 51. Cf. Pried. Delitzsch, Preface to Baer, p. VI. NOTES ON THE REMAINING SELECTIONS. Gen. VIII. 3. Pleonastic suffix. — p3**iT!* 1 and ♦ were often doubled to indicate consonantal value. 4. p-Hp evidently for pTlp i. q. Hip. 7. an orthographic corruption for 10. Pael Inf. for T : - T T - Josh. XX. 3. n’iH/O. Suff. = the killer— Pael Impf. 5- ’niop-p (’ni-opp-p-io-u 70 NOTES. Isa. VI. 1. k\np\ prom NOi^D, WOT According to the Jewish theology, the heavens are composed of seven spheres* the upper being the abode of God and his righteous ones and con¬ sisting of three concentric spheres. In the central of these is the Throne of God, separated by a (curtain) of clouds from the sphere of righteous men, who, in turn, are separated by a second one from the angels. The righteous dead and the angelic messen¬ gers draw near to God and hear His voice from behind the The Throne of Glory within is the eternal seat of God, of sapphires with footstool of the same. By it, is proclaimed in blinding brilli¬ ancy the Glory of God, a glory which is light, the form, as it were* of God Himself, and frequently identified with the personality of God. From this brilliant glory is emitted a splendor called Vf* which constitutes the food of angels, fills the heavenly spaces and illumines earth itself.* See above p. 61. 5. ^9 for Ps. XXIV. 3. 'Ijn “VID contains names which the later Jews applied to Paradise, the final abode of the righteous.! 7. >jnn. Two gates, of rubies, led into Paradise. J 9. pjn NrM the future Paradise, containing everything pleasant to taste and smell and delightful to eye and ear. Into this sensuous abode, the place of fruits and flowers and delicate food, to the sight of precious stones and the song of angelic choirs, the righteous, suitably accoutred, are guided by angelic bands. ft See p. 61. Buth II. 7. *1 HO whatever that. -p3 perhaps , I suppose. 11. intrans. | omitted. * Weber 158-161. t Weber 330. $ Weber 331. ++ Weber 331, 332. VOCABULARY. NOTE. — It must be remembered that in Aramaic a mixed syl- labe may have a long vowel, that tone- long vowels and those natur- ally- long are used interchangeably and that short vowels may be used for the corresponding long ones and the reverse. Hence both full and defective forms appear of which usually only one is given in the Yoeabulary. Many of these differences undoubtedly arose from the fact that voivel-lctters were employed in the unpointed text, which many editions have retained in addition to vowel-signs. The vowels Hireq and Tsere are freely interchanged and less frequently other vowels also; e. g., Ilolem and Shureq. Cf. the sev¬ eral readings in the Note to Han. Y. 17. The consonants 0 and D are equivalent to and Final K, n and * may be used indifferently. Instead of doubling a conso¬ nant by dag. forte, the previous vowel may be heightened; or a JJ may be inserted; e. g., *)DK or *|DN; or ” T T • T : * In seeking the definition of verbs, it will be understood, unless stated otherwise, that the Pael is equivalent to the Peal, and that the Ithpe. and Ithpa. are passive in signification. VOCABULARY. DK m. father , empli. JON; T T “ with suff. it takes the form ■ON'; as, “p3K thy /., 'TON' and ’13K At*/ (also "pK‘ thy/.). With one exception, K3K is T ” used for ON my f Plur. f PON, • j- I t t const. nroK, emph. kauk, T T T T T with suff. ’n;-QK Or ’iTO • t t ■*: t t using suff. of either sing, or plur. nouns. DN, emph. JON? ND*N and • • *r t K3JK m. fruit , produce. t : * 13K to perish. Aph. T3\\‘ and 3310 same; to destroy , extir¬ pate. Hoph. -Din to he des¬ troyed. 3*QN m. shepherd's pipe; water- organ. *?KD’3X pr. n. Abimael. t • and pN c. stone. UK. UK m. pay , reward. t T — : N^JIN f. epistle , letter. t : * nuK f. same. p"lN adv. then. |H_K3 same. DIN m. man; pr. n. Adam. T T ND1N f- ground. t : ~ nanK pr. n. Admali. t : “ UK pr. n. the month Adar (12th, t about March). TTN m. threshing-floor. T * (’“I'JUIK pi. m. chief judges. KnrnK adv. perhaps carefully jrrtK c. arm. [or eagerly. Pin,njtin f. ear. Plur. const. Plitf pr. n. Uzcd. pipN, pmN adj. m. other , an¬ other. nrfiN adj . f. same. IN pr. n. (Heb.) Ophir. 74 VOCABULARY. i rrm m. way. N’llN' f. law. T “ rcrriN m. length; const. TjlJ's- N'uX, part. pass.. to light , 1 * t kindle ; to heat. i- q- foil. word. i- Q- nipt. 1_?K, Impf. in”, to go; to depart. flN m- brother , emph. XHN, with - t suff. or TIN my brother; * t * ♦rnng ft* & etc. piur. with suff. TVflN and % b., etc. rVirtN f- explanation. t t : m'm f. enigma. t * ana hn pr. n. Achmetha i. e. t : : ” Ecbatana. wonts' f. possession. t t : - nna adj. f. other , another. * t: t f- end. nn# prep. after. pints* adv. K 1^ 7as£. pnwdj.m.,xmnN‘,N*mnN‘ I tt: t t : - t * : f. other , another. psTurnt* m. pi. governor- generals. nnx, nn# f. sister. m. brier. Plur. pIDK- KTK, KTK f. hand. T T “ pTN* comp, inter, pron. who , which , what. fr# m. £?*ee. f. terror; fear. T nO’K, *nO’N* adv. toAe». pK conj. »/. ip*kS*. IP’S* m. ^ort/. n*K or VTK adv. there is , there arc. It takes suff. of pi. nouns. TalVtf Ithpe. of Hy “OK pr. n. (Heb.) Accent. Son* to eat; to consume. Ik adv. especially with Impf. in prohibition, etc. ^K dem. pron. these. kIk, Knia club; beam lying t t : ~ upon the posts of doors. piur. nilw- ml’K- mix t : ” t ” : — KOO the upper thresholds of T ” the door-posts. nix dem. pron. these. nix m. God. PI. excel, often o'hPs*. [nits*, [nix conj. but; unless. I^K interj. behold. VOCABULARY. 75 NO^N sheaf. t **: TlpO’1?* pr. n. Elimelech. to be accustomed. Pa. to exercise; to teach. N'C”t’N pr. n. Elisha. t * v: Tj'pN deni. pron. in. these; those. ■niaPa pr. n. Ahnodad. t : - v deni. pron. m. these; those. and ni. thousand. PI. o’fipx. ON L, emph. NftN, mother; with T * suff. 7|ON and TCON- Plur. inpN; with suff. pnnnpN and pnm ON conj. if NON f nurse, maid ; emph. t — : anax pinr. rnoK, nnax. t : - It:- r : - NQN* and HQN f. cubit. Plur. pax. am, kS’aia f. people, nation. T \ T Plur. pajjt. Wl'lOkS* pr. n. the Amorites. * * t v: Kna’aK f. thick darkness . t : • — ; JON- Aph. to believe. Pass part. certain; faithful. *ION to say , tell; to command. “lOK m. lamb. anaa adj. strong. * t : v adv. where, whither. NJN pers. pron. c. I. Plur. t — : Nimx we. t : — : N33N ni. fruit. t : * jm jon pers. pron. m. they, those; the copula. tTON pr. n. Enos; m. man (Heb.). DJK to constrain; to oppress; to occasion anxiety. #«• pniN i. q" pna ye. WDirON' pr. n. the An tu sites. t : ” 1DN and ^DN f. medicine. T ” “YIDN m. band, fetter. “I2JDN pr. n. Asnapper. - : t > xnsDkS* adv. speedily. t : “ : t 1DN to bind. Part. TON bound. Plur. emph. the bundles, or sheaves. nDN m. prohibition. T v: m. wood. * T 76 VOCABULARY. conj. also. f)N, N3K m. face; with fem. suif. 3d per. H3a, KH3X- '3N' T " T T — " “ surface of the field, i. e., T T the field. V?’3N* conj. even, even if. D’13N pr. n. (Heh.) Ephraim. K’D13N' pr. n. the Aphar sites. * * t : - : N"3D~i3a pr. n. the Apharsach- ites. [chit.es. aPDDISa pr.n. the Apfuarsath- .. T : — : - — ; on$N aclv. perhaps in the end, at last (from the Persian), as Gresenius. [toe. J/DiN f- (PI- and |__) finger, XT'# f-i m. num. adj. four. forty. adj . purple. T)K inter j. behold. »atna pr. n. the Arvadites. •• tt : - conj. because, that. DIIK irf?N‘ >»»■ rnaf. ivciy. PI. jrn^andfrnK. 'IN' conj. because, that, when, if, but. nx and rna m. lion, emph. KHK Plnr. JV1N, emph. t : - It::- NnmN. t t : : - pr. n. (Heb.) Arioch. St to be long. Aph. to length¬ en; to tarry, wait. adj. fit, proper. iN pr. n. (Heb.) Erech. nmN and xnznx t prolong* t : — t t : - lion , duration , continuation. n313"IN f. Tcnec. t : — 'PIN' pr. n. an Archevite. Plur. emph. * *t : : - DIN pr. n. (Heb.) Aram. t mix pr. n. Armenia. t : * : - jhn to meet; to happen. Aph. jn'ia same. [land, ground. I'lN'. N'i'IN' o. earth , country , i'lN' adv. below; with infer¬ ior. (njhn occurs). ;na. rrajna m. adj. under, at the bottom. NJpN, NJHN meeting , chance. una f. what is lowest; bottom. ■jtjpina pr. n. (Heb.) Arphax- pia c. earth. [ad. a(nxtr')B*nma, (no) pr. n. : : - : _ — t : Artaxerxes. tra aPa m„ aira f. fire. • * *r * • *r • • VOCABULARY. 77 NL-’li's m .foundation. T 1^'K, 1t5%, “T^'K to pcmr ow£, to s7ie(Z. Impf. "Vlt^C ithpe. Ttrs'nx- n^sns, - T : urns'- tits pr. n. (Heb.) Asskur. fl3TS pr. n. (Heb.) Ashkenaz. m. conjurer. Plur. as if from CjfcpK. ni. wall. 'ynnw X m. rebellion , sedition , revolt. yntofit^'N i. Islitaf. recog¬ nize ; to prefer ; passive of same; to give oneself to anyone to be recognized. 2. m. adj. relative , kinsman. Nnyni&w'N f. recognition; nN m. sfpm. [preference. T ns pers. pron. m. thou. jins come. Hoph. nvvn, vm. T NfiK f- woman , w?/c. Emph. T * NnnN. piur. t^'griN Ithpe. of wy. })m pers. pron. m. ye, you. pm c. furnace , oeem “IWS, Tintf pr. n. Assyria. ~ T (or 'flN) pr. n. Athura t t . (the Assyrian). ’Tons'. Tons' adv. yesterday. •• t : * ** : : * ’Son and 'S’ons' occur. •• T : . “ins m. place. “UT'nN4 Ithpe. of ItT'K. 3 prep, in, by, with. adj. m., f. wicked. * T t?>0 fo be bad. 'rn ts'3 £o <7less. Pa. to Hess. Part. “J“D£p or “|“TQD- Tp3 and 7p3 f. knee, iO"Q and f. blessing, t t : t : * benediction. on? adv. certainly; also; conj. m. flesh. [yet; but. *?ty'3 to coo/v. [gallons), ra m. bath (seven and one-half ro f. daughter , emph. t ~ : const. rm Piur.pa, const. 013, empli. NT03 t : t t : f^ins pi. m. virginity. nro prep, after. With suff. it ““ T takes both a sing, and plur. form, nna nro. Jt to redeem. Part. re- - : *• T deemcr of blood = avenger of blood. m. back; surface. Plur. with suff. rV3A her back. m. pit, den. *0131 f. power; strength. t : 331, 13’! adj . m. strong; power- T ‘ T fid; robust; hero; warrior; giant. “OJ| m. maw, male. Emph. and frrm PI nr. and jn?J; emph. ^“0*1 A “El pr. n. (Heb.) 6rac?. i. q. pnny. T"CI /o cut off; to cut dozen, asm and DiirrA m. Gehenna t • : t * (Valley of Hinnom). UUV| m. midst; const, 11; with suff. nu, nil, mi. - T - - Ni-i same. PM f- pride . T * * nil to go forth; to break forth. Aph.rrix('iN‘,'ix) causative. m- 1 f. with suff. nw-i. t • : *• t • : pr. n. (Heb.) Golan. to sojourn. Ithpa. same; to be made a pz'oselyte. “QJA ni. treasurer. Plur. and p“)3TA [be detached. “)E! to cut off; to decree. Ithpe. to ny m. diviner. Properly, a part, from “iy. 80 VOCABULARY. JOd f. decree. t* * : ’-1 or Xd m. valley. nid m. stranger; proselyte. [inn pr. n. (Heb.) Gihon. TJ (Pa. of 11 J) to make prose¬ lytes; to convert. Id m. chalk; plastering. Nto, to to emigrate , wander; t : : to be visible; to reveal. Peil to and to. Ithpe. to show oneself , to make ousel f visible. APh. tort to carry captive. m. wheel. his wheels. to f. exile , captivity; exiles. T N^to f. circuit; pr. n. Galilee. T ' T Vi* m. rolling; weight. t : -Uto pr. n. (Heb.) Gilead. m • reward. adj. m. perfect. toj to repay; to recompense. "to pr. n. (Heb.) Gomer. p and K11 f. garden; emph. N'nn and N'Dll; const. rm PI nr. pA m. treasure. - ; T : • treasury. pj) to encompass ; to cover, pro¬ tect. Pa. to protect. Aph. |dK and fdK same. |d occurs. not used. Ithpe. to be defi¬ ed. Part. tyja. m. wing. c. vine. Dl? m. bone. W-Tl-I pr. n. the Girgasites. .. T t : • pr. n. (Heb.) Gerar. t : Dto m. body. vu pr. n. (Heb.) G ether. 1 *1 rel. pron. who, etc.; conj. that, so that; because; sign of the Genitive case. Nn dem. pron. f. this; that; with T Ileb. article Nin T T nssn denom. Pe. not used. Aph. to bring forth green; to germ- m in. bear. [inate. ran m. enmity. tom 7 V*} an t t t : : enemy . IDDt f. enmity. t : ran to offer sacrifices ran m. sacrifice. P3T to cleave to. VOCABULARY. SI “D*l and Pa. nm to conduct; to govern ; to take. mm f. cause; reason . t : H fTCI so that. p*l pr. n. (Heb.) Dedan. DPR m. gold. Emph. frOil*!- : r — : |— K\m or Kim pr. n. the Dehav- * * T V ** — to deride. [ ites . HP pr. n. (Heb.) David. * T D’jnii pr. n. (Heb.) Dodanim. * T pop and nm m. token; re- i t : I t : r membrance. JP and jp to judge. mn to dwell. khp pr. n. Dura. T C’H to tread under foot; to heat out; to crush. Him f. female musician (?). t — *?ITT to fear; to dread. Pa. 1m to terrify. N^rn f. fear; terror; object of fear or reverence , particularly God; idol Emph. Kilim H). t : _ : t P i. q. *1; also hut; often re¬ dundant. p |p because; since. illjlp pr. n. Tigris. [there. PP dem. pron. m. this here; that Ip sign of the Genitive, con¬ tracted from •pn- fH i- q- jn P m. judgment; justice; account . |P m. judge; advocate. Kim pr. n. the Dinaites . * * T hk/ip m. grass. t : 111. n f. dem. pron. this. Km, p*i to he clean. Ithpe^ pHK- P‘1 adj. m. unmixed; clean; pure. Emph. K^T t : ~ N'DI adj. f. same. Emph. N'iI'DI. t • : pi dem. pron. c. this. IP and ■vm to remember; to he mindful. 1?1 m. male; ram. miim f. record , memorial. T nm m. same. It: t ndPi adv. that not , lest. t : PH to burn. O'!, KuP ni. blood. With suff. “ T : ’0*7, rrpi. pDa*i, etc. to resemble; to think. t : *• : Pa. same. im f. likeness; similarity. 82 VOCABULARY. JW pi . m. what is similar; price, Tift*! to sleep. [value. ]"— T, dem. pron. m. this; that. With Heb. article p^rT dem. pron. c. this; that. With article K^lfl. T : “ •nam pr. n. Daniel. ** * T pr. n. (Heb.) Diklali. m to he broken in pieces. Aph. to break in pieces. Aph. Part. p'inp. m. age; generation. aj/m see jmr- com pr. n. Darius. vt : |t ;rn, jrn m., arm. ;m to SOIV. inn m. seed, seed-time. m f. law; decree. T am m. young tender herb; grass. Emph. KKD'l- t : *-nm, m. Pi. rnnm, a ‘person t t : I • : t : skilled in law; lawyer. n n inter, prefix, as in Hebrew. Nvr and an in ter j. behold, [that. T Nil and \\n dem. pron. c. this; T — ‘inn and tan. m. warm breath; vanity; pr. n. Abel. Const. San, ^30; Emph. amn and aSnn- t : v am and am f. (comp, of an T T T “.* T and Heb. article; according to some, of XI NH); this here; T T that there. prrjn pi. in. ministers of state. pr. n. (Heb.) Hadoram. t Din m. piece; fragment. T “ mrrr Pa. Tin to honor; to adore. "nn and *mrr m. splendor; — : t : “ pomp; majesty; honor; glory. amn f. comp, of Xb*! and Heb. article. Nlil, nn to be. Impf. NW, apoc. *rr or xrr, b*-r n, biN, etc. Impf. with ^ omits pre¬ form. and is used as the subj. or optative; e. g. prr?. that they might be; amn m ay it be. Nirr pers. pron. m. he, this, that, which; copula. Xh*! and b*l pers. pron. f. of With Heb. article N^ilil- VOCABULARY. 83 ]H>n dem. pron. and adv. i. q. p. ♦H adv. and conj. as; as if. OD’rr, kOd’h, NOavr m. nm- - T : T T •• pie; palace. Kprrn parte. (ND^H) so as; according as. myn parte. so; thus; even as; t : *o n adv. here. [ according to. T T VO (U* and “fOn, to walk; to go. Inf. Tpa, Impf. u- Pa., Itlipa. and Aph. same. Aph. Impf. 2d f. s. PpHri- Vl/fl in. toll. jo^n and foOn adv. hither. t : - t : t JO/fl and joOn f. way ; jour- t : - t : • ney; custom. [Hallelujah. TpVD (Heb.) praise Jehovah; ion and |10n pers. pron. pi. m. they; them; copula. and T| OOH m. chain esp. for the neck. JH adv., i. q. where. jn interj., conj. and adv. if; when; sign of a question. ji"T • • • • |>J™T whether ... .or. Npon (py) Aph. Inf. as verbal noun, injury , hurt. ?|gn to turn. Itlipe. refl. Itlipa. to revolve. ^3irin m. water-organ; or- t : : “ arm m. thought. [gem. maunn verbal oil) /»-«-- T- : • - : will offering. conj. and; hut; etc. No vav conversive in Chald. P interj. woe. ny Pa. not used. Itlipa. to he clearly shown; to he shown one s innocence or another s guilt; to remonstrate , dispute. Aph. to reprove; to show one his guilt; to punish. r pr to huy; to gain. Pa. to sell. Tfl? part. and adj. enlightened; pf to feed. [prudent; cautious, to tremble. ■vr, Aph. T?n, to act proudly. vr m. brightness , splendor , mag¬ nificence. xpr f. sweat. Emph. Kn^r. m. olive; olive tree. [ness. T ** tot and Of. innocence, righteous- 84 VOCABULARY. adj. m. pure , innocent, nny pr. n. (Heb.) Zechariah. t : _ : [Of in., SOpf f-, time. for Pa. to appoint; to prepare. itiipa. to concert. Aph. m. music. [=Pa. t : nor m. singer; musician. i — |i m. species; sort, Hi his kinds. O’Jfradj . m. and adv. little ; small ; few; a little. Plur. jH^f (J/). to quake , shake , tremble. pv r £o cri/ on£. rjp? to elevate; to suspend , as a malefactor. ^ooir pr. n. (Heb.) Zerubbabel. v t • : m. what is sown; seed-time. nr m. girdle. nr to sow , seec?. jn?> Njnr m. seed; children; posterity. \inr, NiTjnr f family. Plur. with suff. finpfnt. n jorr and nn to be hidden; con- r cealed; to be gone. rfaon f. evil deed; crime. t tan to be bad , vicious , corrupt .. Pa. to injure; to corrupt; to • destroy. tan and ^3D m. damage; i.t- j ury; destruct ion, nnn and ion, anon m. mate; companion ; f riend. Nfnnn f. same. PI. with suff. nmon. - t : — p-OH pr. n. (Heb.) Hebron, ^ n pr. n. (Heb.) IJaggai, nn m. iS’in f. num. adj. one; «/ “ t — : ./zrsf. Before numerals, timev times. ks*nn adv. once. N“rn3 together _ t t - ain^ very; exceedingly. t ~ N'in to rejoice. t rrnn f. ^’o?/, gladness. t : v HD m. and pin pi. in. the breast.. mil adj . m. new;. N*in and nn to tell , declare ; to ■ T “ *• “ make manifest. Pa, KH same.. Aph. same. win pr. n. £Ae Ifivites. .. T . oi n r'o be indebted; to be sinful.. Pa. y*n t° lead into sin; to* make sinful. VOCABULARY. 85 ■SifT, NSin m. debt; sin; pun¬ ishment. viron. Pa. and Aph. same. Part. pass, inverted; averted. 71*1 n pr. n. Eve. T “ £3in to sew. Aph. to repair. K'in, *lfl and xnn ni. serpent. Blur, fnn and |VfT rr*?nn pr. n. (Heb.) Iiavilah. t • S*in to turn oneself; to relax; to become ill; to cease. Vlfl pr. n. (Heb.) Hid. pS*lH m. portion. NSinand NDiHm., NDD 1HL, T T T : warmth; heat. rrNfiin m- covering; cejver. T T *1*1 Pi adj. m. white. T ’ m. act of thinking ; reck¬ oning. mn i.q. nm. APh.imp. nng. Part, TV HD, 1° descend. Ktl"! and Vn 1° see. Pass. Part. Peal and VH seen; suit¬ able. •jn and ^COn ni. sin. With suff. TjNtpn piur. pKtpn, with suff.^tpn, pirwm to err; to sin. t riNDn and , IK ton m. sin. t : *.* t : - JYiOfl f. wheat. Plur. p^fT. riirorr ni. violence; plunder. DtOtl to sew. Pa. same. tVtotl and f. sin; sin-of- T T “I T T “ fering. >n, X'n adj. m. living; plur. p*n, N’jn, living; life. K*H, turn adj. f. living. t ~ t : ~ wn to live. Aph. Part. i 1 and NtlO preserving alive. n»n D”n), w*n adj. m. in- T ~ T ~~ T T - deleted , bound; guilty , sinful. iN'rO^n and ariD”ri f. same. Kvn, N*nrn f. least, piur. ?m t ** t : It •• P^Cl hi. strength; host. Ifn m. vision; a speed, appear¬ ance. Emph. JOifl- t: v Iff! and IPTl f. same. With suff. nnirn. *V(7 to turn back , about; to en- K7Tn f. ivhat lives , esp. animal. t : — adj. m. wise; intelligent wise man; Magian. DSn and Pa. DSP? and D*Sfl to be wise; to understand. 86 VOCABULARY. NDDfl and NMin, NTIEOrr, t : t t : t : : t f. wisdom. On, xOn m. vinegar. - T T xy?n m. flute ; fife . Plur. ry?o- D^n, xaOn m. dream. V “ T : V VO to change; to he changed; to pass (spoken of time). VO and Vo prep, instead of. jVO m. part; Jot. DPI pr. n. (Heb.) Ham. T NDPT to see; to contemplate. t xan and xan f. heat, fury. t — : t v: man f. mother-in-law . ’t^an and ’xa,',an, emph. nxtman m. fifth. t t • “ion m. wine. tran f'.Xi^'an m. five. Plur. pa^an My- ’xnan pr. n. the Ilamathites. •• t t N-un and m. dance. t : * t Plur. dances; instruments used for dancing. pr. n. (Heb.) Enoch. pi. m. wheat. [tion. rojn f. dedication; consecra- t \ ” : to compassionate , s/iow favor to. Itlipa. to pray , ma&e plication. iTAin pr. n. Hananiah. t : — : yO\l adj. defective. (PH to he strong; to possess. |D0 m. power; might. f]pn m. clay. non to he deficient. ^IDfl were - : t wanting. Pa. to diminish. xan to cover , overlay. t nsn m. harvest. Plur. emph. x»nm t _ — “ivn to reap; to cut. NHivn and 'VH adj. in. reaper . t t Wn and Aph. to urge , hasten. Aph. Part. and rjVTO urgent; hasty. nionvrr pr. n. (Heb.) Hazar- v t : — : maveth. ^pn m. field. Plur. pppn and iOpn- inn to devastate , ivaste. Hoph. rm sword. [passive, oiam m., used once in sing. pDpVn Magians ; learned men; sacred scribes, to singe. VOCABULARY. 87 xznn m. cavity; window; hole. t — : m. loin; thigh. 3P*n to repute , regard , count , esteem. m. darkness. rwn to think necessary; to he needful; to need. Part. act. p], f. jw'rr. mne-’n f. need , necessity , i. e. what is necessary. ‘x’n to he or make thin or small; to crush. Pa. same. nn pr. n. (Heb.) onn sea/. D to he glad , joyful. 3D adj. m., }OD f-, beautiful; T T T good. nsp m. executioner; body guard. rot? pr. n. the month Teheth ( 10th, about January). WSitD m. flood; deluge. T T TIP, NTID m. mountain. T : - m. mountain ; rock. nip subs, and adv. fasting. f- goodness; kindness. Pa. to go out or forth. Pal- pel ^p to move; shake to and fro; to drive. Part. pass, ^p^pp a rover. m. clay. m. dew. I?p‘?p see *7*P- l,l7P f- youth (abstract). ^P, N^D m. shade; shadow. ~ : t t : ^p Pa. (denom.) to hide. Aph. to recline for rest under the shade. and Pa. nap to hide. Ith- pe. "199N and "lOP’K, and Ithpa.^^N to hide one's self, to dip. nyp to wander. Aph. to cause to err; to seduce. DU® to taste; to eat. Dtfp and □gp, xoyp m. taste; wisdom; respect; account ; de¬ cree; cause to be judged. "13D, N121D m. nail; claw. - : t : ’nl13p his nails. r£p to he fat; to he stupid , hardened. Pa. causative. -nt? to expel, drive out. Ithpe. TIP’N*. 88 VOCABULARY. NT")D m. fresh , green leaf; leaf N’PS'G m. the Tarpelites. * ’ t : : - > m ND33! f- noise; jubila- T T “ T : - tion. pr. n. the Jebusites. ** t : to be dry; to dry up. Ithpe. r3nN to be dry. Pa. to make dry. Ps* pr. n. (Heb.) Javal. T T ■73? not used. Aph. P’3iX and ^yn to bring. NfittfT f. the dry land. t : v - m. heap of stones; hill. T f- hand , cmpli. NT, with suff. *]T, p: to be heavy; to be or be es¬ teemed honorable or valuable; as Pa. Pa. to make heavy; to honor. Aph. same. V- worth; worthiness; honor; splendor; glory. TV pr. n. (Heb.) Jared. }OTT and NJTTi* pr.n. Jordan. t : t : : pit’ and pit* m. greenness. bptp'rr, opt?-, and opt?-. pr. n. Jerusalem. rrv and mb xrrv m. month. — : _ .* t ITT pr. n. (Heb.) Jerali. inn^ pr. n. (Heb.) Jericho. rpb thigh, piur. pnr SkiO*’ pr. n. (Heb.) Israel. t : jw’ pr. n. (Heb.) Jeshua. not used. Aph. D’C’i^ fo reach out, stretch forth , Zooui to any one. rv sign of the definite object, nrv and to sit; to dwell. Aph. yn in. W adj. ni. abundant; eminent. Trv and tOTV adv. ven/; ex- . - T • — cecdingly. 3 P prep, and conj. like; as; ac¬ cording to. 90 VOCABULARY X5 adv. here. N5D hence. T T * 803 and 3”33 to press, tread , make a, way; to subject; to hide; to bind , chain. 15 and T5 conj. as, so soon os, 515 adj .false. [when. ♦15 (H 5) like; as; when. H51 until. ,15 adv. ?(oio. ,15 ir hitherto. T T ^,15 to be able. f’HD, KJnpm.pnesi. PI. pjHp. 13 and Nip, N‘mp f. hole in the t - t : ~ wall; window. p5*D pi. m. thorns. 5515 m. star. rp Pa. to confirm; to establish. N1515 m. pitch. t : 115 m. cor, a measure for things liquid or dry, equal to the homer. NMD115, ND115 and ND15 m. t : : : : t stool; throne. Plur. 1D15- It: : t £Hi5 pr. n. (Heb.) Cyrus. ui5 pr. n. (Heb.) Cush; Ethi- 155 and 155 m. talent. [ opia . *73, *33 and ’Sl3, NS3 and N'^D T * * T T \ (also without dag. in ^) adj.m. all; the whole; every; any. nSd, ’S3 to hold back , checks t : • : refrain. Itlipe. to be restrained, , nSs, snSp f. daughter-in-law , T - T : “ 1*75 pr. n. (Heb.) Cal ah, SS3 to be whole, Shaf. to complete , finish, IshtaphaL SSpnC’N pass. dSp not used. Aph. to shame , Ithpe. to be ashamed. niSp pr. n. (Heb.) Calneh. ND5 conj. and adv. as; how . t : n N’33 like. : t : nop (jT K03) same. - : “ t : |5 adv. so, thus. |55 then, there - 1J5 pi. f. colleagues. [fore, £0135 and ^135 ni. harp. PL T TT ’ p*)5. [tion. N5’\15 f. assembly, congrega- T * . 115^5 gathering together „ congregating. N2-15 adv. ^/(((s. r •• : TJ3 pr. 11. (Heb.) Canaan. ,1*0^5 pr. n. the Canaanite . Plur. enipli. *NJ^5- P5 (*o collect, glean. Pa. same, Ithpe. and Ithpa. to assemble . VOCABULARY. 91 NDP, >DP to be concealed. Pa. t : : to hide , conceal. HpP see *IDP f. covering; garment. pr. n. the Casluhim. t : “ to injure; to insult. ‘IP?, N3D3 m. silver, m adv. now. PDP Pa. to wash ; to purify; to ns? to bind. [atone, to be grieved. Ithpe. ('jlfrO t : same . f. mantle; cloak. t : : ” pnp m. cherub. mp m. herald. T rp to proclaim. Aph. same. dpp and DIP, NDPP m. vine- - : t : - yard. n? m. properly power , strength. Hence, in union with Dih the power of the day , i. e., the day itself; the totality of the day. The first meaning excludes and the second includes the night. HP'P m. Chaldean. ntr'p be right; to be agreeable. Aph. to deem fit or worthy. pnp to write. PDP m. writing; prescription; t : limitation. DTlP pr. n. (Heb.) Cyprus. ^np and ^rip m. Plur. emph. N,l?np- t " ; *. fjnp, K3PP f. shoulder. b 7 prep. 1. to; for ; of. 2. Sign of Gen. and Dat.; used often with acc. after active verbs. 3. Pre¬ form. to the Impf. of pronom. origin. vb adv. nothing; not. HN'P see N';'1?. t : t : ns*1? pr. n. (Heb.) Leah. T ** or 33^ m. heart. Emph. N31?; with suff. ’31?, and PPP4?, etc. P’lP1? m. clothing; garment. to put on; to clothe one’s self. Aph. to clothe. ’fort? pr. n. the Libyans. •• t t : in1? conj. (fn n,17), except; but; (p S) therefore. m1? pr. n. (Heb.) Lud. Aram. pi. W'-lV1 the Lydians. 92 VOCABULARY. D11? to curse. Inf. D'TD. ♦1*7 pr.n .Levite. PI. emph. N’l1?- * ’T * * j“11 7 (jV S) prep, to; toward ; with. inn1? adv. very; exceedingly. t ~ nin1? adv. alone; by one s self; separately. *niTirf?3 ( in his lonelinesses) alone. on1?, Non1? m. tread. ~ : t : - Dn1? m .feast. nin1? f- concubine. t •• : NO1? to curse. t : oo1? same. IN’1? f. labor ; fatigue. V1? and N1?’1? m. night. Emph. N”1?’1?. Plur. p1?’1?. ’l?’1? adv. by night , in the night. ’ll/’1? i- q- IN’1?. n’1?, n’1? (H’N N1?), there is not. . _ .. * T arc not. [lest. NO1? subs, and adv. nothing; not; r : pO1? pr. n. (Heb.) Lantech. NV1? to labor , toil; to be fatigued. adv. forever. op1? to gather. Part. pass. ’p1?. vi? adv. under (for VPN1?). j^7 and 1C'1? e. tongue, yuh pr. n. (Heb.) Lesha. 0 ND inter, pron. what; how; how! T NO1? whither; why. t : rrKD iium. f. hundred. Dual I’jINO, jnNO- Plur. pNO; emph. NniNO, 'NO and NO t t t t . dual m. scales; balance. Targums have plfNO. N’lpO- noNO see no’o. [NO and m. vessel; instrument. JpOO m.foun tain. ’POO see ’pp. J1JO pr. n. (Heb.) Magog. T r^jo f- roll; booh. [troy. T * : niO Pa. to throw down; to des- rcno, Nnono and no. m. “ : ~ t : : - : * altar. N-O-ID m. desert , wilderness. nno and nmo f. tax; tribute. t • t : nno m. residence. [a Mede. pr. n. (Heb.) Madai; Media; ~ T nno f. province; country. t • : nno m. rising; east. [east. NTO’IO and m- sunrise; uni onip n jo) from before that , i. e., hereto¬ fore. VOCABULARY. 93 TlD m. dwelling , residence. t : mo m. knowledge. HD and HO see NO T - T '?N‘?l?n o pr. n. (Heb.) Mahala - ONiO pr. n. (Heb.) Moab. [leel. T fiJOKiD pr. n. the Moabite. n’ONiO, NlTONIO pr. n. Mo- T • T abitess. ’ioandpnio,”iopi . m. waters. nio m. death. mo or mo to die- nmo m. seat; stay ; dwelling T place. Noonio m. chair; dwelling t t : pro m. food. [place. NI7D to strike; to ivound; to des- t : troy , extirpate. Pa. same. Ith- pe. pass, to he fastened. pN’ino pr. n. (Heb.) Mehujael. •• t : Nppno f. course or class , e. g., of priests or Levites. f- thought ; purpose . t t : “ NDD to come , arrive; to reach. t : With pj; to come upon; to be¬ fall. prep, on account of; he- m. rain. [cause. f”0 pi. m. waters. Const. »0 and ’O’O- Bmph. N'O .... T “ PO’O in. food. "io’o, n~io\o m. ivord, request; _ T : command. With suff. some¬ times person or sel f. t : “ t : the Word of Jehovah. L’N0”0 pr. n. Mishael. .. T “l^’O pr. n. Meshach. tirp'&nW'Qm .plain, valley , flat; camping place; stop>ping place. nPo and ’Po /o he full; to fill. t : : hi. angel. rr? o f- word; speech; matter; T ' thing. PiPo m. speech; talk. npo. Nnp’o m. sa?£. - : t i npo sa?£; to season. izecl plur. O’OpO- noPo f. queen. t : ~ ioPo f. kingdom , reign , domin- PPo Pa. to speak. [ion. m. manner of speech; speaking; speech. 94 VOCABULARY. JO (0), subs, and prep., part; from; of; because of; rather than; than. JO and |0 inter, pron. who; what, n jo whoever. fO see JK&. iOD and *00 to number; to t : ** : - reckon . Part. pass. £OD for NOO* Pa. 00, 00, 00 and to appoint. nmp sec mo, jrpp m„ ajrpo, anymp f- knowledge; intelligence; under¬ standing . mo m. rest; quietness; silence. t : nrao f. offering; meat- t : * offering. m. number. and 1*9 adv. I9> whence. jpp to refuse; to forbid; to hold bach. rrfcoo pr. n. (Heb.) Manasseh. "IDO to hand over , deliver up, betray to anyone. XJ/O c. belly. With suff. Tj^O and TjJ/O- Plur. ( pi» and |J^0) also belly. “DtfO m. doing ; action. 3^0 m. setting of the sun. Plur. same. aoro m. entrance; door; gate. mVO f. middle , midst. onvo pr. n. (Heb.) Mizraim; Egypt. 0’ipo, NOHpO and NO’tpiO m. sanctuary ; temple. do, too, no m. lord; master. T T T T -no to rebel , be rebellious. "HO, tmo and tmo m. “ : t : “ t : disobedience; rebellion. no adj. m„ tmo, anno T T TIT T ** I T and anno f., disobedient ; T ’ — T rebellious. Diip m. height partic. Heavens- height. '0 ♦Q&P the heavens oj height, i. e., the high Heaven. p^rno pr. n. the month Mar- chesvan (8th, about November). 030 to pluck off. C^o pr. n. (Heb.) Mash. pr. n. (Heb.) Mesha. T ntro pr. n. (Heb.) Moses. no’o, anco m. oil; Olives. — T * • TjJ^'O pr. n. (Heb.) Meshech. VOCABULARY. 95 m. skin. 23tt?Q, iC3£?'0 and XDDC'O m. couch; bed; cohabitation. m. dwelling; tent. f. musical reed, fife. nnpp? and >ntrp m. /«»*,■ banquet. np and j"VP adj. m. dead. ‘Wino pr. n. (Heb .)Methusael, ** t : rfxn/ip pr. n. (Heb.) Methu¬ selah. jnp and ?rip m. gift; reward. Npnp f. same; expense. t I pUlp pr. n. Bashan. and not used. Ithpa. to speak for God; to prophesy. HNUA f. prophecy. “IVJ-D-QJ pr. n. Nebuchadnez¬ zar. H3J5J f. office or position (?). Plur. J’-JDJ. N’3J and NOJ, *3J, K’31 T * : * : t : ~ and Nv^ m. one who T * : T * : proclaims by commission of God; one inspired by God; prophet. Plur. and const. ,S3J. emph. K\S"3J and XJK’DJ- HXOJ. emph. i\ n Ni1N’3J and xn’K'3J f. t •• • : t . ~ : prophetess. m. lyre. Plur. J,l?3J and f. light ; candlestick. t : : v "ID to draw ; to enlarge; to flow. prep, toward. rui, xruiJ m. ugu. ~ t : y\# and to dry or be dried. Ithpe. to become dry. Pa. to make dry. WJ and Jill pi. f. lands beyond the sea; continents. Pa. to play upon an instru¬ ment. i'JJ to touch. Ithpa. to be leprous. yij to be willing; to give volun¬ tarily. Tplj ni. row of stones; wall. TO to flee. W or ru-g m. sheath; body (as sheath of the soul). "linp and ninj m. light. 96 VOCABULARY. f. illumination. nm to shine brightly. Pa. to enlighten. Aph. to give light. nm, som m. stream; flood ; torrent. Plur. pnj and jrnj. "Til to/ee. (Til to rest. ,-OU and fOmi adj. m„ “ : t : njro o f., stranger; foreign- t t : and f. dunghill. \er. t : • t : jO m. fish. NDpO f- female. Plur. emph. NppU TO m. ./Zre. to reprove. p?i to suffer injury. Aph. to in¬ jure (X or H often retained after preform.). Aph. part. hurtful. m pr. n. (Heb.) Noah. oni, D’TO to console (?). Pa. D’m or Dm to show sympa¬ thy; to console. 10- brass. t : nni to descend , go down. Inf. nrro. Aph. n»nx. impf. “ T nrr, imp. nriN to bring down; to deposit. Part, pass.,, nr id and nra laid. or p| _ _ — T often retained after preform.) Heb. Hoph. nnjH to be - : t brought down or deposed. ^Dl to lift up, elevate. “ID1 to keep , preserve; to observey regard. no and no m, KHO, NHO f. • “ : T T T * rest, quiet. nm m. sweet odor; acceptable sacrifice. m. craft ; deceit. t : HOO pr. o. (Heb.) Nineveh, m pr. n. the month Nisan (1st, about April). f. plant; slip. DPI Dm m. wealth. PI. riches. m. see 'DO* — : t m. leopard. -nm pr. n. (Heb.) Nimrod. DD3 to take, receive. HD3 to take away, remove. ~ t and Pa. to pour out; to offer . Aph. to sacrifice. Hi. drink-offering, po) to ascend. Aph. to cause to VOCABULARY. 97 ascend; to take up. Heb. Hopli. passive. nsjw pr. n. (Heb.) Naamali. pr. n. (Heb.) Noomi. niy' to wahe- nsj to breathe; to breathe in; inflate. i. q. tm to fall; to fedl clown; to happen. Impf. pSJ to go out , forth ; to depart. Inf. p£’p and p^Q. Aph. to bring forth , put forth , remove. f. expense; cost . B’31 and C*31 c., NrSl f- life; sold; self; a living being. and to be many; to increase. pr. n. the Naphtuhim. t : ~ ’Pnaj pr. n. (Heb.) Naphtali. • t : ~ 3V.J and 3’if J t<> plant. m. planting; plant. ■mness; hardness. t : * rm fo surpass , prevail over. Ithpe., Pa, and Ithpa. same. to liberate; to deliver. Np4 and *p4 adj. m. pure. to encompass , surround. to strike , smite. to take; to take away. Ith- t : pa., with St?, to me 07 against. to breathe , Wow, puff; to leave. W. pi. f. Of N'nNV f. breath; breath of life; t : that which lives , sow?. 111. eagle. piHDD ni. epistle , letter. I'm pi. 111. Nethinim; temple- servants. to give. Impf. etc. Once jnj!. t( fall; to let fall; to fall off , s7iet?. Aph. to shake off. D HND f- measure; seah [k of t : ephali). Emph. KflND- PI nr. T T DD m. elder; old man. epNp. KDD pr. n. (Heb.) t : N4DDD f- sambuke (a four string- t : — PDD to bear; to erect, [ed harp). HDD to carry , sustain ; to expect; to consider; to hope. Poel fem. rroiD- 98 VOCABULARY. ~DD m. bearing; asj^ect. *“OD pDK expression of the face; mien , nrDD pr. n. (Heb.) JSabtah. T » “ 5omo pr. n. (Heb.) Sabtechah. t : ; — KJD to be numerous ; to be in- t : creased , grow. Aph. to multi¬ ply. [many. i'TJlp and UlD adj. m. much ; ~PJ)D to fall prostrate; to worship. m. deputy; superintendent. PJD to shot up DID pr. n. (Heb.) Sodom. *T7p to arrange. Pa. P'lD to lay. HDD f- testimony ; proof. THD, NHHD and 'Dm. witness. * T T~: T KTHD and N'nnp f. same. KJ/JID , const. ’Lnp^nxm eio) m. abundance , multitude. rP35PlD f- symphony ; bag-pipe. t]io m. end. f]1P to come to an end; to be ful¬ filled. Aph. to put an end to anything; to consume. npD m. side. "ID DO beside. *?pD to see into , recognize. Itli- pa. vDriDN to become wise ; to understand ; to look upon, contemplate; to consider. “DD not used. Pa. to shut; *to stop. plD, p,l?P to go up, ascend. Pa. causative, to take away; to sustain [to destroy. m. support , prop. P^P to aid, assist. pyp m. strength; help; support; food. [feast. NHU'D f. food; meed of the day; Npi'D, and nthd f. barley. PI. r#> and piyp. N3D m. threshold; entrance; post. T * n*s*P ppn the two posts; the posts of thy 12D pr. n. Sepliar. [house. P2P and ppp scribe. Emph. _ T T NP2P and N'lPP. T : |T T : - P2P m. book; roll. N'npD JT3 archives. Pppp pi. m. under-garments perhaps reaching to the feet, m. minister; ruler. Nino m. winter. t : • PjPP Pa. inp to hide; to destroy. VOCABULARY. 99 V *XtJt to go , go in. 13£ and Aph. to make; to do; to work; to prepare. Itlipe. and Ithpa. to be made; to take place. and yiy in. servant. la niy pr. n. Abednego. a-rar f. work; labor. pr. n. (Heb.) Eber. "Or to <70 over; to depart from; to transgress. Aph. to send over; to transgress. ni. the beyond. SOpO the other side of the Euphrates, ny prep, and eonj. to; until. NTT and nr to pass away; with 3 to come upon; to be ab¬ olished. , destroyed. Impf. plur. my>. ^a- **13^ fo ^ e vre(Jnani; to conceive. Aph. to take away; to remove. US' or H often re¬ tained after preform.) my pr. n. (Heb.) Adah. T~T nr and anr pr. n. Ieldo. m. conception, m pr. n. (Heb.) Eden. m and rnr m. time , year. W and -Dir m. deed; work. •air pr. n. (Heb.) Obal. nr adv. while; during; yet. and aur f. iniquity ; sin . Plur. and p^. □‘nr. No’Vir m- boy; youth; young man. anonr f. girl; maiden. Plur. with suff. ’no'nr. ’inonr- m. bird; fowl. Y^y pr- n. (Heb.) Hz. nr and nr to wake. Itlipe. -lj/na, nrna and nrna -nr m. chaff. \_to awake, xyyy, xyfty (and without daghesh) and m. raven. T . T fBWio^r in. power ; strength. rr and xv y f. slie-goat. nrr pr. n. (Heb.) Gaza. w pr. n. Uzziah. aprr f. ring; seal-ring . anr pr. n. (Heb.) Ezra. nnrr pr. n. (Heb.) Azariah. atsr f. counsel ; ivisdom. vyy, xvyy and xmy m. side; region; other side. 100 VOCABULARY. and TO- N’TO and TO and J^J/aclj.m. the upper part ; height; with jp, as adv., above; higher than. Prefixed with p or pp, same. adj. m. elevated; uppermost. dry pr. n. (Heb.) Elam , i. e., T Susiana. eye. Plur- pi f .fountain, pi. TO * . plan; counsel. TO m. watcher. TO pr. n. (Heb.) Irad. wyy, xryyy (Knn^ and f- nakedness. Pa. to delay; to remain. Ithpa. same. TO prep, upon; over; concerning ; besides; against; to; toward. 1 TO because. Plur. const. TO used with suff. TO f. burnt-offering. PI. TO nTO {- occasion; pretext, [of TO- TOT- TO and TO forms TO adj .m. upper; highest. Irreg. emph. nTO the Most High. [TO m. the Most High. Plur. excel, same. TO f- upper chamber; lodging chamber. TO to go in, enter. Aph., TO?. TOa and TOTO - to bring in. Heb. Hoph. *73?rr pass. TO and TO m. age; remote time; eternity; world; y t y for ever. ’TO’ pr. n. Elamite. Plur. const.. apTO- }TO m. rib. or- aor m. people. Plur. poor- par cwj- or prep, with; in; by. p'W and m., f., deep. TO and TOr in. labor; toil. □or to be or become dark. Palp.. DJ/Py to make dark. m. wool. rnor pr. n. (Heb.) Gomorrah.. JO V f . flock of sheep or goats. T to answer; to be afflicted . pr. n. the Anamim. m m. cloud. VOCABULARY. 101 m to collect clouds; to draw to¬ gether. Pa same. Inf. £0313; T T*T with suff. D13313- yv m. hough; branch. m. fine. nj# m. time. nijrs thus; as follows. 20V see 3® hn’td^ m„ Nnn*p# f. the m. ten. [tenth. V m. branches; foliage. m. dust. yw aclj. m. troubled; sad. Dpj3 to be crooked , perverse. Pa. caus. yv to root out; to pluck up. m. stock; root. X m. enemy. D^13 and Pa. to mix. TSt and Thj; m. wild ass. nm t. emptying out; damage. ’N'PlDIJ' adj. Ill. naked. (Plur. p4S‘-), and •xPita-ij? occur. onj; an aony adj. m. cunning. VO v and vov to occur , happen; to meet. an ajnr?. pOV. and pry to fie to escape. Inf. j” c, run away; and pr. n. the Archites. yyy m. herb. nai’p'r and m., xn'y'wy f. the tenth, yv f., xyv m. ten. twenty. m and adj. in. power¬ ful; strong; mighty. to think; to purpose, nv m. time. nvo as follows, iny. not used, Pa. to prepare; to determine; to set up. ynjf and yny adj. m., NTH# f. ready; determined ; prepar¬ ed; about to. With foil. Inf. it signifies to will the given ac- pmr adj. m. ancient ; old. [tion. 0*15 pr. n. (Heb.) Phut. □'ll) m. mouth. ?13 adv. now. (Used to strength¬ en another particle.) fi?r® m. releasing; redemption; sal ration. 102 VOCABULARY. enp to come forth; to abound; to increase; to remain over. nn? m. governor of a province. T V Const. nn?; pi ur. nn?. "in? m. potter. and m. tunic. WD!1?’? pr. n. the Pelusians. * T JO'P m. fruit. Plur. P1*p and mip. pc^p pr. n. (Heb.) Pishon. and r1?? to divide. JlpP m. half. JpP pr. n. (Heb.) Peleg. kj6? f. division. t \ : nS? to serve; to worship; to cul¬ tivate the soil; to observe a re¬ quirement. [ ice; worship. inp? and in1?!? m. ivork; serv- ’NTe1?? pr. n. the Philistines. •• t : • : DP m. end; extremity. [ tery . plpjpp ('fi- '£)— ) m. psal- NVP and Pa. to deliver; to free. t : Ipp Pa. to order; to command. pin? and m. redeemer. Pn? m. iron. [fly- nip to flourish; to blossom; to D.np Pa. to sustain; to nourish. Dip to divide. Part. pass. Dip (PDIp) division. DIP pr. n. (Heb.) Persia; the “ T ND1P f. sole. [Persians. t : “ 'DIP m. a Persian. Emphatic N'DIP- T T to render; to reward. Ithpe. to be paid; to take vengeance; to exact. [crate. pip to break off; to redeem , lib- cns to separate; to divide; to distinguish. Pa. Part. pass. D^lpD definitely; distinct!)/. ~ t : pen? m. copy. m? pr. n. (Heb.) Euphrates. t : lX’? to reach out , extend. itrP to dissolve , explain , solve. 1^?K subs. pr)ssibility , pos¬ sible. [ tion . itr'p m. interpretation; explana- oin? m. word; command ; edict ; T : letter; tiling. nn? to enlarge; to extend. t : nn? to open. Tip m. breadth , width. With saff. n’n?, mm?- • t : t : ’XDnn? pr. n. the Pathrusim. .. T : — VOCABULARY. 103 JOy t° be willing. t : fii*02fpl.m-(Heb .) armies, hosts. t : m f . matter; will; design, D'iDy pr. n. (Heb.) Zeboim (for O'NOi*). innv m. a little , somewhat. As ady. for a short time. jnv to dip; to moisten. Ithpa. yyovx- -oy to collect; to heap up; to ny m. side. [glean. NHV, NHV m. design; conspir- t : t : ~ acy. jay and Hi* to he wasted, de- t : • : stroyecl, deserted; to catch; to conspire. Part. act. f. ’ T Itlipeel HOVN and t : “ • : ; • (as though from “jyfrO. Aph. to destroy; to scorn. NTVH¥ f. devastation ; destruc- r : ~ pH¥ adv. m. righteous. [tion. «irw m. justice; piety. K|?T¥ f. same; virtue; almsgiv¬ ing. Emphatic Xilpiy and NnplV* 1 ppy f. righteousness ; piety. to thirst; to be thirsty. Act. part. Hi*, NHi* *• T T T m. neck. and “py to waylay; to catch. ithpe. -pynN. my and my to he inclined; to hear; to perceive. Aph. my^ and rm to hear; to obey. ** T pTV pr. n. (Heb.) Sidon. nPi pr. n. (Heb.) Zillah. T * I'Hi* to incline; to listen. Pa, t : .t?v and *^y to pray, suppli¬ cate. rf?i* to prosper. Aph. same; caus.; to promise. □S*f D^i*. Dpi and □Si* m. image; idol; appearance. Si*Si‘, pi. m. pSvSi*- fiSi*’?, [Hi^i* (and 'i) cymbal , q/m- nav to sprout , germinate, [hals. pr. n. the Zemarites. *1 l^y m* .Vrto/- may m. lie-goat. nay c* bird. ISi* m. morning , dawn. my not used. Pa. to strengthen; medic fast. 104 VOCABULARY. f. i u rn ing; d estruction T T . through fire. p ^p to come to meet; to visit; to complain; to cry . Pa. to re¬ ceive; to accept; to hear; to listen to; to comply with; to cry out. and ^P prep, before; op¬ posite; because of. With suff. np5p and rvpap, etc — P3PP same. ^an-Pa because ' Jt:t It: t of; conj. because; therefore. — Foil, by H forasmuch as. tr’P|P adj. m. holy; saint. Dip, ND1 11 and Nftlp m. former time; beginning ; past; east side; east. pppppo. form¬ erly ; in front ; on the e. side. °1P' DPP and Dpp prep, be¬ fore. It takes suff. of plural nouns; e. g., ’opp, ’piapp. Dpp JO i. q. JO or opp. ’.piappo from before that. 4\*anp f. before time; antiquity. j“IOPp JO prep, before. ’Op'p (’NOPp) adj. m. past; earlier; first. KjP’Opp. KiP’Opp f- emph. the first. (From forms X’OPP. .) NJiPPP and NJ’PPp adj. m. of DiPpp m. cedar. [cedar. trip Pa. to set apart; to conse¬ crate; to sanctify. Aph. same. trip pr. n. (Heb.) Kedesh. {^1, Ip m. congregation ; assembly. triip, ^^1*11 m. hoii ness; sanctuary; the Holy One. Pip, S'p to be light. Tthpolal to be diminished; to sink. Dip to rise up; to stand. Pa. to establish; to abide; to swear; to confirm; to sustain. Aph. to set up; to appoint. Hoph. °w -oip and -°i? insep. prep, be- N'-IIP and N*pip m. cold. [fore. tv and m m. oblation; sacrifice; offering. pDp to kill. adj. m. killer; murderer. |t IDp m. knot; joint. D’D m. summer. VOCABULARY. 105 Op and D'p to live. Pa. Dp and DNp to maintain in life ; to swear; to confirm by oath; to cause to swear. °:p m. covenant; edict; decree. Dp adj. m. established ; firm. jp pr. n. (Heb.) Cain. W pr. n. (Heb.) Cainan. D'nnp, oinrp or onnp m. cithara, a kind of harp. *7p, 'yp m. voice. Plur. J’Hp thunders; jSp voices. W and ’Pp, K’Pp m. roasted. grain; grain of wheat or barley. ^P to be light , despised , lessen- “DP see □ID- [«*, diminished. |t t)t: nop, anpp in. meal; flour. ™P to buy , purchase , obtain , acquire. [ padocians . *Npl?*0p pr. n. (Heb.) the Cap- jp, NVp m. end . pvp fo be angry; to be in a rage. nvp m. anger; wrath. j**Jp to cut off; to kill. ™p f. part; end. N^p to call; to read. Imp. pp read. (Others say Part, pass.) and to approach; to touch; tobring. Pa .same. Aph. to bring near; to offer. 3PP m. war; fight. H-p and pT)p pr. n. Cnrdis- N'PTip pr. n. Cardania. [tan. Wp, Npp, Knp and Xpp f. city. Emph. Nrnp, N'nnp. Plur. pY"V)p and p"lp; emph. NT]p, NTnWlp. T DHp adj . m. near; akin. rnp f. (Heb.) city. npp pr. n. Kirjath-Arba. pp and pp c. Aom. Plur. j\pp and [Pip- Dual. p~p. np m. piece; fragment. m. truth. Emph.^Ot^'p. With 0, indeed; with jp truly. n^p f. boio; rain-bow. ja*)iO pr. n. (Heb.) Reuben. 0\\p and trp m. head ; begin¬ ning; swn; amount. Plur. heads; chiefs. aw Nan adj. m. great, high; ~ T “ leader; chief; prince. Plur. panow 106 VOCABULARY. am xr\y \ f. great; strong. T ” T ; “ mi to be great or numerous. t : m f. greatness ; grandeur. in and Ni n num. adj. ten thousand , a myriad. PI. pOl- m. lord; master. m and m m. boy; young man. ' : " T *pni num. adj. m., f. fourth. •*Wi pr. n. (Heb.) Rebecca. 3*131 adj. m., N'3131 f. see 33. R“»"> m. great one; nobleman; ur\ to desire , long for. [ prince . rn to be moved , excited. rn m. anger; rage. and ^i a. foot. PI. and dual ihn 301 to be tumultuous. Aph. to rage; to collect together in rage m to pursue, [or with tumult. n m. aspect; appearance. nn c. wind; breath; sp irit. 11 to be drunk. Impf. 11\ □n to be high. Poel to exalt; praise. Ithpo. to lift up one s self. Peil Perf. pi. Vpl. on m. height; honor; dignity. nn pr. n. (Heb.) Ruth. n m. secret. T aim m. street; square. Dim pr. n. Rehum. P’ni adj. m. distant; remote. sm pr. n. (Heb.) Rachel. •* T i’pni pi . m. mercy; compassion. fill to trust in. Ithpe., with. same. pll and pni to be far, re¬ moved. Aph. to remove; to hold far off. triii, trni to creep; to swarm . e’ni, 3”ni m. worms; reptiles. f. and emph. m. J^tTfin and t : N3*m T — : — mm and 3*31 adj. m. juicy ; moist; in fresh green. . *on and Nan f . young woman . T T nn m. scent; smell. non pr. n. (Heb.) Riphatli. ipn adj. m., N^jpn f. vacant , empty. trn see c\sn. D1 adj. m. high. [ impose . T ND1 to throw , cast; to place; to T : rnoi pr. n. Ramoth. VOCABULARY. 107 m. evening. |Pn pr. n. (Heb.) Resen. Njn to feed, guard, tend; to de¬ sire; to like. Ithpe. to be dear; to like; to find pleas ure. inf . pleasure; will; delight. Njlin f . same. pun and wd m. thought; un¬ derstanding. nojn pr. n. (Heb.) Raaniali. pin adj. m. green; flourishing. iun and Pa. >un to shatter , break in pieces. D£H to trample upon. [pause. in. vault of heaven ; ex- ocn to note, write down; to sign. V m. elder. T rx satisfied. NJii’ to be or become great. adj • m- great; much, many; adv. very; exceedingly. IW f. testimony; proof. ayniir, and m. satiety ; fullness. to place; to appoint; to give (orders); to (a decree); d#c? mi? to show respect. Tt?tr m. s2p and - t : t i N^iatr' (and 3 without dag.), f. ear of corn; stalk. Plur. has masc. ending. Pa. to set , place. Ithpa. to he made; to become. Dlu* i- Q. De*. and m. trumpet. T T T m. street; open place. ntr m. wall. pr. n. the Susan - .. T : - chites. nW' adj. m. corrupt; wicked. As subs, crime. i ire Peel, to deliver; to free. inf. $oreL with suff. ni3reL TT * T •• W f. deliverance; refuge. T T ttW f same . T *• tijw m. measure. and *1Pe* Peel, to finish; to cease; to extirpate; to de¬ stroy; to perish. Ithpeel pass. KDKiTfcP (D) m. foundation. T T T rap to discover , find; to attain. Aph. same. f- dwelling; encamping ; t • : stay; Shehinali. QZP pr. n. (Heb.) Shechem. PP and dwell, rest. Pa. to cause to dwell. rhP 'to he complete; to he secure. t : Fhw f. and T T PP f . mistake; error; failure. T rtPP f. tranquillity. t ** : rpp to send away; to put out or off. Pa. same. pr. n. (Heb.) Shelah. i VOCABULARY. 109 and O'-'V, with 3 or •?& to rule; to leave ‘power; to fall upon , attack. Aph. to cause to po^' m. officer; ruler. [rule, rvhw m .power; dominion. (Targ. ibW) adj. m. powerful . With S and Inf. permitted. Subs, ruler; officer. to be perfect; complete. adj. m. perfect; complete, abet to complete. Aph. to finish; to restore. m. prosperity ; peace. t : rpC’ pr. n. (Heb.) Sheleph. Dtp and Dtp m. name. Emph. Dt? pr. n. (Heb.) & ‘hem. ~iotP Aph. to destroy. N’OtP Plur. emph. m. heaven; t "■ : the heavens. UQW Ithpo. DOiflPfc (?) to be astonished. J?fcP adj. m. Xl?tP f .fat; rich. Plur./a£ ones. ???£^’ plur. m. fat pieces. yotp to hear; to obey. Ithpe. and Ithpa. to be heard; to be obedient. Aph. to make hear; to announce; to play; to cause to resound. |n?p pr. n. Samaria. tPOtP and NtPOtP c. sun. v v t : WOW Pa. to serve; to minister. adj. m. servant. T T ™ >tPDtP pr. n. Shimshai. and m. tooth. Dual to be changed. Pa. to change , i 1 pass. part, different. Ithpa. to change; to be altered. Aph. as Pa. ($$ or n often retained after preform.) Inf. t - : ~ f. sleep. t : KJtP’f- year. Const. emph. t : “ : NfliP, plur. p;jp. pj tif adj. m., JO — f. sharp. pC' m. edge. *mp f. moment; any short peri¬ od. Emphatic Knj/tP and anrtP, piur. pptp. DStP m. judge. • * T "PS tP adj. m. fair; beautiful; agreeable; good. 110 VOCABULARY. Aph. to bring down , hum¬ ble; to subdue. (K or j"J often retained after preform.) adj. m. low. "I3r to be beautiful; to be agree- able. nsnstf m. dawn of the morning. t : — : pc’ f. leg. np^’ Aph. tomake drink, water. "W m. deception; falsehood. frOp&p1? in vain or to what is fedse. to loosen; to remit; to solve; t : to stop , dwell; to begin. Part, pi. |ntp loose. Ithpe. tobe loos¬ ed; to be begun. Pa. to loose; to begin. Itlipa. to be loosed; to become powerless. Aph. to encamp; to cause to rest. to be or become dry. Ithpe. same. w'W m. root. f- and \ment. f. eradication, banish- 'y$wv? pr. n. Sheshbazzar. rW num. adj. f., m. six. T * piur. prttr sixty. nt? pr. n. (Heb.) Seth. KDW to drink. t : xm f. year. T “ ’rrn&r m. ord. adj. sixth, [nai. *W pr. n. Sliethar-boz- n i. q. Din. N\1\\\n f. fig; fig -tree. Plur. }yxn (*wn occurs.) TDn adj. m. fragile. Psn f. (Heb.) earth partic. in¬ habited earth , world. ynn to enquire; to investigate; to visit; to look for , ask for , desire; to pray; to demand; to avenge. “on to break; to break off , in pieces. P’eqn m. cooked food; mess; broth. f- revolving in a circle , t • : hence continuance; preceded by D constantly. Dinn c. (Heb.) deep; abyss. Din to return; to repent; to an¬ swer. Inf. 3JTD, DH’D. Aph. ~ T same with act. sig. VOCABULARY. Ill 2)D adv. again; farther. Pr* ii* (Heb.) Tubal. rp ^ pr. n. (Heb.) Tubed- cain . n^rom pr. n. (Heb.) Togarmah. t : “ nin to be amazed , terrified. inpin (p), f. family; genera- t : tion; nation. »\‘2pDin f. occasion; cause. t It : K|)in m. tabret; tymbal; tim¬ brel (tambourine), ppw m. strength. jqpfm aronpin and Nnpnpn f. gift (as means of approach to a great being), nin 111. ox. Nnaann f. praise; renown; glory; song of praise; song. Difin m. border. nirrn prep, under. non same (Heb.). 5OlN’0 f. desire; appetite. Knirrn f. chest; ark. T Krnyjrn f. blowing; sound. d "vn pr. n. (Heb.) Tiras. T * a pn to reach up , hang up , stretch over. Ithpe. to be suspended. y?r\ m. snow. ’iTpn ord. adj. m. third. nPn f., nnPn m. num. adj. t : t t : three. Plur. thirty. anPn m. the third part. t : - >npn adv. by way of a third. on. nan and ran adv. there; t t - It- thither. n?n (n) m* wonder; miracle, mn pr. n. the month Tammuz (4th, about July). ’pan adv. yesterday . ' \3Dn, ^on num. adj. f., N\]ftn | T ■ " • t : - m. eight. Plur. eighty. pain# pi. m. consolation. num. adj. m. second. xnn m. great sea-fish; great snake. Plur. sea-monsters. nmn adv. a second time; again. N’nsn emph. pi. m. of uneer- .. T : • tain meaning; either the judges from the idea of passing sent¬ ence, or the sheriffs from that of serving sentence. nDipn f. course; solstice; season Ppn adj. m. right; fit; firm. xnirpn f. blowing; sound. 112 VOCABULARY. . rppn Impf. wjp/V to be strong , fast; to burn , be angry; to be passionately sad. adj. m.. strong; mighty; powerful. Ppp to weigh. Pass. part. Ppn for P’pri. fpn to be fast. Pa. to make fast; to prepare; to arrange. Apli. same. Hoph. to be restored. ppi“l to grow; to become strong or powerful or hard. Pa. to confirm. See to- • " ppn and m. power; au- thority. Emph. Niplil (ft). D.nn to interpret; to translate. >nn i. q. nn. nn and ?nn n um. adj. m. two; both. "ip^-nn twelve. Tjin to drive out. Pa. same. P’oin m. sack; wallet. jnn. Njnn m. gate; door; en¬ trance. m. porter; watchman. PL emph. T^“ T T e”cnn pr. n. (Heb.) Tarshish. ’rnn, xrnn and num. adj. f. two; both. ywn f., m. nine, ninety. ncri n) pr. n. the month Tish- ri (7th, about October). ^nn pr. n. Tatnai. Date Due FACULTY ■ OC 2 ^ *5 f\ *-iS?7r*i T v ( « i i hi ■ 'JlUivAam* i . • rt *i. .... • 1 k °**f • »*> l®*# rJtf?*****^ ■ t iMiffli ill j rr-y »*»* i HfT iff IffilMi p fir. ft 1 • JPWr f?Tliii ii irririiiTriniiiflft * ■i 1 ! IW1!,WI Vr * *■ 'J « ♦ *» If * ft i /ft •, • : • .. • r- • » ,v. ’ ■ .■•-'•'v* - > . "H 4 *