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 THE CHURCH IN WITTENBERG. TO THE DOOR OF WHICH MARTIN LUTHER 
 NAILED THE XCV THESES, OCTOBER 31, 1517 
 
fiR 327 .F43 1917 
 1517-1917 
 
 At the meeting of the General Assembly held 
 at Atlantic City, N. J., in May, 1916, the fol- 
 lowing action was taken: 
 
 "Whereas, The fonr hundredth anniversary of 
 the Protestant Reformation occurs in 1917; and 
 
 "Whereas, The Churches constituting the 
 Council of the Reformed Churches holding the 
 Presbyterian System represent historically one 
 great branch of the Christian Church of the 
 Reformation. Therefore, 
 
 "Resolved, That the Council recommends to 
 the several supreme judicatories the holding of 
 suitable anniversary services for the purpose of 
 emphasizing the great principles of the Reformation 
 of the sixteenth century." — Minutes, 1916, p. 309. 
 
 ' 'That, in connection with whatever celebration 
 of the Luther Anniversary may be arranged for 
 1917, all Presbyterian churches be called upon to 
 commemmorate the nailing of the theses on the 
 door of the Wittenberg Church, by making a 
 special offering, on October "28, 1917, this offering 
 to be sent to the (College) Board for the purpose 
 of maintaining departments of English Bible in 
 Presbyterian colleges." — Minutes, 1916, page 161. 
 
 "In order to carry out the resolution regarding 
 the anniversary of the Protestant Reformation, 
 it is recommended that the Moderator appoint 
 a Committee of five, three ministers and two 
 elders, to cooperate with other Committees." 
 — Minutes, 1916, page 1'2'2. 
 
 Ministers 
 
 Rev. David Schley Schaff, D.D., Chairman 
 
 Rev. Frank C. McKeax, D.D Rev. Wm. Henry Roberts, D.D. 
 
 Ruling Elders 
 
 Mr. Lansing G. Wetmore 
 
 Mr. Wm. H. Scott 
 
[All Metrical Psalms and Hymns in this Program 
 belong to the 16th Century] 
 
 ©wmmii D'^' 
 
 I^IiVlCl^ 
 
 HNOX 
 
 Hut the "grand old Puritan anthem" [Longfellow] "All 
 
 I'cople That on Earth Do Dwell," composed by William Kethe, 
 
 II friend of John Knox, and set to the music of Louis Bourgeois, 
 
 survives all the changes of thought or fashion that the progress 
 
 f four centuries has witnessed. 
 
 — Rowland E. Prothero 
 
 THE OLD HUNDREDTH L. M. 
 
 The Genevan Psalter, 1 551: alt. 
 
 ^ ^ * ^ 4 i— 4j. — :J~^- — • If—*-* 
 
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 II 
 
 1 All peo - pie that on earth do dwell, Sing to the Lord with cheer - ful voice, i 
 
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 2 The Lord ye know is God indeed ; 
 
 Without our aid He did us make; 
 We are His folk, He doth us feed; 
 And for His sheep He doth us take. 4 
 
 3 O enter then His gates with praise. 
 
 Approach with joy His courts unto; 
 
 Praise, laud, and bless His Name always, 
 For it is seemly so to do. 
 
 For why? the Lord our God is good, 
 
 His mercy is for ever sure; 
 His truth at all times firmly stood. 
 
 And shall from age to age endure. 
 
 Psalm c. Rev. William Kethe, 1561 
 
 O Lord God, Father eternal and almighty, sincerely we confess and acknowledge before 
 thy holy Majesty that we are all poor sinners, conceived and born in iniquity and corruption, 
 inclined to do evil and indisposed to all good, and that because of our sins, we transgress 
 without end and imceasingly thy holy commandments. And doing so, we have brought 
 down upon us by thy just judgment ruin and perdition. At all times, O Saviour, we are 
 di.spleased within ourselves at having offended against thee and we condemn ourselves and 
 our sins and, with true repentance, we desire that thy grace may help our misery. Merci- 
 fully, therefore, have pity upon us, O God and Father most gracious and full of mercy, in the 
 name of thy Son, Jesus Christ our Lord. And, blotting out our sins and stain, give unto 
 us day by day in increasing measure the graces of the Holy Spirit, to the end that, acknowledg- 
 ing wUh all our heart our wickedness, we may be moved with the sorrow which begets true 
 repentance within us, which deadens us to all sin and produces within us the fruits of right- 
 eousness and innocency, for these are well pleasing in thy sight, through the same Jesus Christ, 
 our Lord. 
 
 Prayer of John Calriti, irrittcu by him, to be used at the opening of Divine Service. Trans- 
 lated from the French. 
 
This Psalm has something in it hke the sound 
 of Alpine avalanches, or the first murmur of earth- 
 quakes, in the very vastness of which dissonance a 
 higher unison is revealed to us. Luther wrote this 
 Song in a time of blackest threatenings, which, how- 
 ever, could in nowise become a time of despair. In 
 those tones, rugged and broken as they are, do we 
 not recognize the accent of that man summoned by 
 Almighty God who answered his friends" warning not 
 to go to Worms in the words, "Were there as many 
 devils in Worms as there are roof-tiles, I would on." 
 LUTHER — Thomas Carlyle. 
 
 [Usually spoken of as Luther's Psalm] 
 
 God is our refuge and strength, a very present help 
 in trouble. 
 
 Therefore will not we fear, though the earth be removed, 
 and though the mountains be carried into the midst of the sea; 
 
 Though the waters thereof roar and be troubled, though 
 the mountains shake with the swelling thereof. Selah. 
 
 There is a river, the streams whereof shall make glad the 
 city of God, the holy place of the tabernacles of the most High. 
 
 God is in the midst of her; she shall not be moved: 
 God shall help her, and that right early. 
 
 The heathen raged, the kingdoms were moved: he uttered 
 his voice, the earth melted. 
 
 The Lord of hosts is with us; the God of Jacob is our 
 refuge. Selah. 
 
 Come behold the works of the Lord, what desolations he 
 hath made in the earth. 
 
 He maketh wars to cease unto the end of the earth; he 
 breaketh the bow, and cutteth the spear in sunder; he 
 burnetii the chariot in the fire. 
 
 Be still, and know that I am God: I will be exalted 
 among the heathen, I will be exalted in the earth. 
 
 The Lord of hosts is with us; the God of Jacob is our 
 refuge. Selah. 
 
 If all the world were composed of true Christians, no king, prince, 
 lord, sword or law were needful or of any use. What would be the purpose 
 of these, since Christians have the Holy Spirit in their heart, who teaches 
 and persuades them not to do anyone harm, to love all mankind, to suffer 
 wrong, even death itself, from everyone cheerfully and willingly. 
 
 — Martin Luther. 
 
 Unless I am convinced by testimonies taken from Scripture I stand 
 firmly by the Scrijjtures adduced by myself and my conscience is bound 
 in the Word of God. Retract I cannot and will not, for to do anything 
 against one's conscience is unsafe and dangerous. Here I stand; I can do 
 no otherwise. God help me. Amen. 
 — Luther before the Emperor. Charles J , at the Diet of Worms, 152L 
 
This page may be used in case the children take part in tlie 
 Anniversary Exercises. 
 
 [It is suggested that an address be made to the children, briefly describing 
 the Reformation and what it did for child life throughout the world] 
 
 Luther was never sd happy as when associating with children. He annually observed 
 the custom of spending a happy Christmas Eve with his family, when the Christmas tree 
 was lighted, and gifts were presented to the children, amid singing and much edifying 
 conversation about the incarnation of Christ. For this purpose he composed this hymn. 
 
 MENDON. L. M. 
 
 German Melody arr. by Samuel Dyer, 1828 
 
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 This is the Christ, our God and Lord, 
 Wlio in all need shall aid afford : 
 He will Himself our -Saviour be, 
 From sin and sorrow set us free. 
 
 To us that blessedness He brings, 
 \Vhich from the Father's bounty springs: 
 That in the heavenly realm we may 
 With Him enjoy eternal day. 
 
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 4 Were eartli a thousand times as fair, 
 Beset with gold and jewels rare, 
 She yet were far too poor to be 
 
 A narrow cradle, Lord, for Thee. 
 
 5 Ah, dearest Jesus, Holy Child, 
 Make Thee a lied, soft, undefiled. 
 Within my heart, that it may be 
 A (|uiet chamber kept, for Thee. 
 
 Martin Luther, 1531 
 V. Arthur Tczcr Russell and Catherine Winkworth 
 
 A carol written by Luther, in 1531, for his little boy Hans, when the latter was five 
 years old. It is still sung from the dome of the Kreuzkirche in Dresden before daybreak 
 on Christmas morning. It refers to the German custom of making, at Christmas time, 
 representations of the manger with the infant Jesus. 
 
EIN' FESTE BURG 8.7.8.7.6.6.6.6.7. 
 
 Martin Luther, isag 
 
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 I 2 Did we in our own strength confide, 
 
 I Our striving would be losing; 
 
 I Were not the right man on our side, 
 
 I The man of God's own choosing: 
 
 I Dost ask who that may be? 
 
 I Christ Jesus, it is He; 
 
 I Lord Sabaoth His Name, 4 
 
 I From age to age the same, 
 
 I And He must win the battle. 
 
 I 3 And though this world, with devils filled, 
 I Should threaten to undo us; 
 
 I We will not fear, for God hath willed 
 I His truth to triumph through us: 
 
 = Martin Luther, 
 
 The prince of darkness grim, — 
 We tremble not for him; 
 His rage we can endure. 
 For lo! his doom is sure. 
 
 One little word shall fell him. 
 
 That Word above all earthly powers, 
 No thanks to them, abideth; 
 
 The Spirit and the gifts are ours 
 Through Him who with us sideth: 
 
 Let goods and kindred go, 
 
 This mortal life also; 
 
 The body they may kill: 
 
 God's truth abideth still. 
 His kingdom is for ever. 
 
 1520. Trans, by Rev Frederick H. Hedge, 1853 
 
 Thi.s hymn is Luther in song It is pitched in the very key of the man. Rugged and 
 majestic, trustful in God and confident, it was the defiant trumpet blast of the Reformation, 
 speaking out to the powers of the earth and imder the earth an all-conquering conviction of 
 divine vocation and empowerment. The world has many .sacred songs of exquisite tender- 
 ness and unalterable trust, but this one of Luther's is matchless in its warlike tone, its 
 rugged strength and its inspiring ring. — Koestlin. 
 
ZlVINGLl 
 
 Lo, at the door, I hear death's knock. 
 Shield me, O Lord, my Strength and Rock, 
 Thy hand once nailed upon the tree, 
 Jesus, uplift and shelter me. 
 
 From the "Hymn of Zwingli's Great Sickness" composed 
 while Zwingli was in Zurich where he was taken with the plague 
 and almost died. 
 
 Zwingli's last words before his martydom, October 11, 1531, 
 were. "They may kill the body, but the soul they cannot kill." 
 
 "If God spare my life, ere many years I will cause the boy who driveth the plough 
 to know more of the Scriptures than you do." 
 
 So said Tyndale to a priest. He was the first to translate the Greek New Testament 
 into English and printed the work at Worms, Germany, 1526. 
 
 IPIf^Jv.T:iim 
 
 CANONBURY L. M. 
 
 Arr. from Robert A. Schumann, 1839 
 
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 Choosing a man - ger for Thy tlirone,While worlds on worlds are Thine a - lone. A-men, 
 
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 2 Once did the skies before Thee bow; 4 Thou comest in the darksome night 
 A virgin's arms contain Thee now: To make us children of the light, 
 Angels who did in Thee rejoice To make us, in the realms Divine, 
 Now listen for Thine infant voice. Like Thine own angels round Thee shine. 
 
 3 A Uttle Cliild, Thou art our Guest, 5 All this for us Thy love hath done; 
 That weary ones in Thee may rest; By this to Thee our love is won: 
 Forlorn and lowly is Thy birth, For this we tune our cheerful lays. 
 That we may rise to heaven from earth. And shout our thanks in ceaseless praise. 
 
 The tune Duke Street can be used Martin Luther, 1524. 
 
 Not from doing good works are we set free by our faith in Christ but from the belief 
 in works; that is, from foolishly presuming to seek justification by works. — Martin Luther, 
 1529. 
 
 Good works do not make a man good but a good man doeth good works. — Martin 
 Luther, 1520. 
 
 It matters not what happens to me. But for Christ's truth I will stand with cheerful 
 heart and courage and without fear of any one in the world. — Martin Luther, 1521, speak- 
 ing of the pope. 
 
lOAXXES CMVIKHS N'ATirS NOVTODUNl Pir\RT)ORUM 
 
 Heavenly Father, we render unto thee eternal praise and thanks, that thou hast vouch- 
 safed unto us so great a blessing, even to us poor sinners, having drawn us in conuuunion with 
 thy Son, Jesus Christ our Lord, whom thou hast delivered for our sakes unto death and hast 
 given him to us in the bread and nourishment of eternal life. Now, Lord, grant unto us 
 also this blessing, not to permit us at any time to liecome forgetful of these things but, rather 
 having impressed them ui)on our hearts, we may diligently grow and increase in the faith 
 which worketh in all good works and. in doing tiiis for us, grant that we may so order and 
 direct our lives as to exalt thy glory and edify our neighbor through Jesus Christ, thy Son, 
 who in the unity of the Holy Spirit' eternally liveth and reigneth with thee, O God. Amen. 
 
 Prai/rr hi/ John Calvin used after Ike celehration of the Lord's Supper. Translated from 
 the Freneh. 
 
 10 
 
Calvin translated some of the metrical psalms for worship. This hymn entitled, 
 "Salutation to Jesus,"" was i-ecently found in an old Liturgy of Calvin's of 1.)4,'5. "It reveals," 
 says Philip Schaff,"a poetic vein and devotional fervor and tenderness which one would hardly 
 expect from so severe a logician and polemic." We have slightly shortened the verses of it 
 as found in Schaff's "Christ in Song," so that it can l)c sung in an English meter. The tune, 
 however, was originally Genevan. 
 
 LANGRAN 
 
 I. I greet Thee, who my sure Re - deem-ei 
 
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 Tru.st and Sav - iiiur of my heart \Vho pain didst 
 
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 go fur my poor sake I pi'^y Thee from our hearts all cares to take. 
 
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 The fiine Eventide can he niied 
 
 2 Thou art the King of mercy and of grace, 
 Reigning omnipotent in every place : 
 
 So come, O King, and our whole being sway : 
 Shine on us hy tlie liglit of Thy pure day. 
 
 3 Thou art the I^ife, by which alone we live, 
 And all our substance and our strength receive : 
 Comfort us by Thy faith and by Tliy power 
 Ncr faint our hearts when comes the trying hour. 
 
 4 Thou hast the true and perfect gentleness, 
 Xo harshness hast Thou and no bitterness : 
 Make us to taste the sweet grace fuund in Thee 
 And ever stay in Thy sweet unity. 
 
 5 ( )ur hope is in no other, save in Thee, 
 
 ( )ur faith is built upon Thy promise free, 
 
 Come give us peace, make us so strong and sure, 
 
 That we may conquerors be and ill endure. 
 
 6 Turn Thy sweet eyes upon our low estate, 
 Our Mediator and our Advocate, 
 
 Cuve us Thy vision blest, O Lord nK)st high. 
 We enter then the glories of the sky. 
 
 7 < ) pitiful and gracious as Thou art, 
 
 Thou lovely Bridegroom of the holy heart. 
 Meet Thou our foes in all their cruel ruth. 
 That we may follow all Thy word of Truth. 
 Genevan Psalter, 1545 
 
 '^'li^'^Tl^'li 
 
 11 
 
"One mass is more fearful unto me than if 10,000 armed men were entered into the 
 realm to suppress the holy religion," said John Knox when Mary Queen of Scots attended 
 the first mass after her i-eturn from France to Edinburgh, 1561. 
 
 INTHKMKW OF JOHN KNOX WITH MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS 
 
 Mary Queen of Scots. "What have you to do with my marriage? Or what are you 
 in this commonwealth?" 
 
 Knox. "A subject born within the same, madam, and albeit I be neither earl, lord, 
 nor baron in it, yet lias God made me (how abject that ever I be in your eyes) a profitable 
 member within the same. Yea, madam, to me it appertains no less to forewarn of such 
 things as may hurt it. if I foresee them, than it doth to any of the nobility; for both my 
 vocation and conscience require plainness of me." 
 
 1^2 
 
11" the reading of my Commentary on tliis book (The Psalms) 
 brings as much blessing to the Church of God as I have got in the 
 composition of it, I shall not repent of the work. I may truly call 
 this book an anatomy of all parts of the soul, for no one can feel a 
 movement of the Spirit which is not reflected in this mirror. All 
 the sorrows, troubles, fears, doubts, hopes, pains, perplexities, stormy 
 outbreaks by which the hearts of men are tossed, have been here 
 depicted by the Holy Spirit to the very life. — Calvin. 
 
 Singing by the congregation entered England with the Refor- 
 CALVIN mation. Queen Elizabeth allowed the singing of two hymns at 
 
 public service. Bishop Jewel speaks of six thousand at a time singing psalms in London 
 during Elizabeth's reign. This psalm is taken from "Psalmes of David in Englishe Metre 
 by Thomas Sternholde and others. Veri mete to be used of all sortes of people privatly for 
 their godly solace and comfort." 
 
 ST. MAGNUS C. M. 
 
 Jeremiah Clark, 1709 
 
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 1 O God, my Strength and For - ti 
 
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 Thou art my Cas - tie and Defence In my ne - ces 
 
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 The tune St. Anne can be used 
 
 2 My God, my Rock, in whom I trust, 
 
 The Worker of my wealth, 
 My Refuge, Buckler, and my Shield, 
 The Horn of all my health. 
 
 3 I, when beset with pain and grief, 
 
 Did pray to God for grace; 
 And He forthwith did hear my plaint 
 Out of His holy place. 
 
 ;4 The Lord descended from above 
 And bowed the heavens high, 
 
 And underneath His feet He cast 
 The darkness of the sky. 
 
 5 On cherub and on cherubim 
 
 Full royally He rode. 
 And on the wings of all the winds 
 Came flying all abroad. 
 
 6 Unspotted are the ways of God, 
 
 His Word is purely tried; 
 He is a sure Defence to such 
 As in His faith abide. 
 
 Psalm xviii. Thomas Stemhold, publ. 1561 
 
 B:^SfIl©3€^2DB' 
 
 "Be of good cheer. Master Ridley, and play the man. We shall this day light such a 
 candle by God's grace in England as I trust shall never be put out," said Bishop Latimer 
 on his way with Bishop Ridley to the stake, 15.55. 
 
 1.3 
 
^ O the reformers of the sixteenth centurv 
 
 l,.f, i 
 
 \J/^ '^V.f i the Protestant churches owe an unspeak- 
 Wit ^ I ^ ^k I ^ible debt for ha\ino' been led bv them to 
 
 I T 
 
 % I mm 
 
 jj^^^pJII^ I edge, the Scriptures, and to the recognition 
 
 iy,,| _■- t^« = the written source of all spiritual knowl 
 
 n^ that every man has the right to go immedi- 
 ately to Christ and by faith claim his salvation. To these 
 men, also, our modern civilization owes some of its noblest 
 principles of universal poj)ular education and religious and 
 civil liberty. They opened the pages of the Word of God 
 and they held up the lamp over the pathway of modern 
 progress and enlightenment. 
 
 Individual reformers had appeared before who called 
 upon the Church to return to the pure teaching of the 
 Scriptures and jjut aside the inventions of men. They 
 appeared in different parts of Europe: Wyclif in England, 
 Huss and Jerome in Bohemia. Wessel and John of Wesel 
 in the Lowlands, and Savonarola in Italy. Wyclif, who was 
 called by the archbishop of Canterbury "a pestilent wretch" 
 for having translated the Scriptures, died a heretic. Huss 
 and Jerome of Prague were burnt bj^ the vote of the Council 
 of Constance, 1415-1-H6. Savonarola suffered the same 
 horrible fate in Florence, 1498, but no permanent move- 
 ment of reform followed their preaching. Wyclif had called 
 the pope "that man of sin," but the papacy went on corrupt 
 and arrogant as before. The old superstitions continued. 
 When Luther began to preach reform, he did so independ- 
 ently, for he regarded Wyclif and Huss as arrant heretics. 
 
 The Reformation was begun four hundred years ago 
 when, at high noon October 31, 1517, Martin Luther posted 
 u]) the XCV Theses on the church door in Wittenberg. 
 Here he called men away from what the Church taught 
 about true repentance and the source of salvation to what 
 the Scriptures taught. He himself had been moved by God 
 to study deeply and with great diligence in the sacred volume 
 in order to secure the assurance of faith for his own soul. 
 Thus from an obscure town, as from another Nazareth, God 
 
 14 
 
called this man to give to Europe a knowledge of the 
 true teachings of the Scriptures and to defend the right of 
 every Christian to own them and read them in his own tongue. 
 
 The new movement spread to German Switzerland 
 where it was led by Ulrich ZwingH, who died in battle, 1531. 
 In Geneva, it had for its leader John Calvin, 1509-1564, 
 whose logical system of theology and Presbyterian form of 
 government — giving the laity a share in the management of 
 the church — were adopted in the larger part of Western 
 Europe and were brought to this country by the Pilgrim 
 Fathers and Puritans, the Presbyterians, the immigrants 
 from Holland and parts of Germany, and the Huguenots. 
 
 In Holland, the Protestant Church passed through 
 bloody persecutions brought upon the country by Philip II 
 and the Spanish Inquisition. 
 
 England gave many martyrs to the cause. William 
 Tyndale had to flee from England to send forth the first 
 copy of the New Testament printed in English. This he 
 did at Worms on the Rhine but the reformer himself was 
 strangled and burnt. Among the more prominent martyrs 
 under Mary Tudor, 1553-1558, were Ridley, bishop of 
 London, and Latimer, bishop of Worcester, who were 
 burnt, 1555, and Arch]:>ishop Cranmer who suffered the same 
 fate a year later. Cranmer was the author of the Episcopal 
 Book of Common Prayer and a firm Cahinist in doctrine. 
 
 In Scotland the Reformation had John Knox for its 
 leader. His parish was Edinburgh. The nation followed 
 his stern and fervent preaching. Standing over Knox's 
 grave, the regent Morton said, "Here lies he who never 
 feared the face of man." 
 
 Almighty God, our heavenly Father, grant unto us thy 
 humble servants, we beseech thee, that prizing thy holy 
 Word and guided and upheld by thy Spirit, we may walk 
 worthy of the high vocation wherewith we are called and, 
 having borne a good testimony and fought the good fight, be 
 received of thee to the company of the redeemed in glory, 
 through thy Son, Jesus Christ, our Lord. Amen. 
 
Princeton Theological Se 
 
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 Below is one of the symbols used hy tlie reformers. It is copied from 
 the title-page of the edition of the English Bible published at Geneva, 
 Switzerland, in 1568, the translation having been made by the Presbyterian 
 exiles resident in the city. The serpent and the cross stand for salvation 
 through Christ alone. John 3: 14, 15. The clasped hands indicate the 
 union of the reformers in their support of evangelical doctrine. The 
 letters I. C. stand for Jesus Christ, and the anchor is significant of the 
 assured hope of believers in him, despite all oppositions of devils. The 
 demons are shown in the sea in which the anchor enters. 
 
 The uplifted serpent on the seal of the General Assembly of the 
 Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. is taken from this symbol, and 
 connects the Church directly with the Reformation. 
 
 
 
 BORN 
 
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 ZwiNGLI 
 
 Knox . 
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BR 327 .F43 1917 
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