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 THE 
 
 UftfaifaWID RHlIPflDfflV 
 
 OF THE COMMITTEE 
 
 TO THE 
 
 MADRAS AUXILIARY 
 
 o^s> 
 
 READ AT THE ANNUAL MEETING 
 
 On Tuesday the 4th September , 1827 . 
 
 
 ittattraa : 
 
 PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY 
 AT THE CHURCH MISSION PRESS. 
 
 1827 . 
 
mmrnnww®®* 
 
 Kev. Edm. Crisp. 
 Rev. W. Tayl or. 
 Mr. P. Carstairs. 
 Mr. J. Braddock. 
 „ T. Jones. 
 
 „ E. Mahony. 
 
 ,, J. Paterson. 
 ,, J. Wiltshire. 
 ,, W. Jones. 
 
 Treasurer. 
 Secretaries . 
 
 <ftOlUxtcr0. 
 
 Mrs. Crisp. Mrs. Taylor. 
 
 Mrs. Van Someren. Mr. A. B. Boswell. 
 
tombing* of tfje Genera! getting, 
 
 HELD AT THE BLACK TOWN CHAPEL. 
 
 On the Evening of Tuesday the 4th September, 1827 . 
 
 THE REV. E. CRISP TREASURER IN THE CHAIR. 
 
 1— On the motion of the Rev. R. Carver, seconded by the Rev. E. Hoole, 
 
 Resolved, 
 
 That the Report now read, be adopted and printed. 
 
 2 — On the motion of ^the Rev. C. Traveller, seconded by the Rev. H. 
 Crisp. 
 
 Resolved, 
 
 That the thanks of this meeting be given to the Subscribers, and fur- 
 ther aid solicited ; as also, that thanks be tendered to the Officers 
 Committee and Collectors, who shall be requested to continue their 
 services for the ensuing year. 
 
 S — On the Motion of C. M. Bushby Esq. seconded by VV. Bannister Esq, 
 Resolved. 
 
 That this meeting presents its thanks to the various Missionaries at 
 the other stations of the society, who have kindly furnished information 
 for the Report ; praying at the same time, that the divine blessing may 
 rest upon their labours. 
 
 4 — On the motionefthe Rev. J.C. Thompson, seconded by J. S. Hall, Esq. 
 
 Resolved, 
 
 That this meeting considers it a point of great importance, that a still 
 larger measure of local and personal interest be felt and acted on, in 
 promoting a knowledge of the gospel around ; both in this large town, 
 and its neighbourhood. 
 
 5 — On the motion of the Secretary, seconded by J. Dalmahoy Esq. 
 
 Resolved, 
 
 That this meeting conscious of the entire insufficiency of all human 
 plans or efforts without the effectual influence of the Holy Spirit, fervent- 
 ly implores His assistance and direction in the plans and prospects of the 
 ensuing year. 
 

 
 
 
 ; • 
 
 ..." at 
 
 i. 
 
 ' ' ' 
 
 . 
 
REPORT 
 
 T HE Committee of the Auxiliary Society, at the lapse of 
 another year, beg leave to present the subscribers and friends 
 of the Missionary cause with a brief account of the present 
 state and progress of this and other missions in the Peninsula, 
 connected with the London Missionary Society. 
 
 It is a pleasing task to discharge when enabled to report 
 great good effected, or to exhibit views altogether encourag- 
 ing of the success of the all-important cause. Such cannot 
 be said of the past year, with regard at least to this station in 
 particular; the pleasing and the painful having been so far 
 blended as only to afford a hope, greatly chastened, that the 
 efforts made have not been entirely in vain. 
 
 If a slight retrospect be taken of the past, it appears, that 
 for the first ten years after the building of Black Town 
 Chapel, this mission was gradually progressive and prosper- 
 ous, while at the same time its growth seems to have enfolded 
 the germ of evil. Certain it is, that so severe were the 
 shocks it received for some few years afterwards, as to render 
 its preservation alone a proof of providential superintendence. 
 Whether the causes were wholly internal, or in a part also 
 external, this is not the place to enquire. — Without at all en- 
 tering therefore into the sources of what has been painful, 
 suffice it to say, that the effects have been severely felt; and 
 that the hand of Divine Providence, has apparently been 
 visible in the midst, pointing out the necessity of efforts more 
 immediately directed to the native heathen population, than 
 was the case during the period indicated, or even as fully as 
 
6 
 
 TWELFTH REPORT. 
 
 could be wished, down to the present day. — This mission 
 commenced originally in a humble and unexpected manner ; 
 being the result of no express plan at the time, but arising 
 simply from the direction given to the mind of the first mis- 
 sionary, who had been before designated to another station. 
 At that period, and for several years afterwards, the gospel 
 was preached in the English language in only one church ; 
 while at the same time, there was a large and rapidly increas- 
 ing population destitute of religious ordinances, to whom the 
 missionary alluded to exclusively preached, as did the follow- 
 ing one also ; and both their labours were signally blessed 
 by the conversion of many souls to God, attended with other 
 unequivocal evidences of divine approbation. About the year 
 1816, preaching in the native language was begun, through 
 the medium of a catechist; some Native Schools were establish- 
 ed, and this Auxiliary, with the Free Schools, and other bene- 
 volent Institutions had been formed. In 1819 an additional 
 chapel was built which added greatly to the labours in the 
 English language ; and matters were thus so arranged, that 
 subsequent Missionaries had no choice left them, but to fol- 
 low in the track of their predecessors. From 1821 — 2 efforts 
 were begun to be made by the missionaries themselves in na- 
 tive preaching, but death, sickness, and other evils, with the 
 constant calls of English duty, greatly blighted these endea- 
 vours, and rendered them at best but occasional, or greatly 
 interrupted. One of the Missionaries at present at the station 
 has been thus engaged since 1823 and the other since 1825. 
 A useful assistant has been also employed, in addition to the 
 Catechist; and thus there has been a regular and more exten- 
 sive succession of labour in the native department ; in which 
 besides a general superintendence, both Missionaries have en- 
 gaged as often as practicable, with no interruption of conse- 
 quence. Yet still the effect produced by the number of 
 
TWELFTH REPORT. 
 
 7 
 
 English services and duties arising out of them, has been a bar 
 to more extensive effort. And at the same time it must be 
 admitted, that such labour has become of less importance 
 than formerly, in consequence of the places opened for 
 public worship under the establishment. Should the Di- 
 rectors of the Missionary Society see fit at any time to ap- 
 point a minister exclusively for this branch of the 
 Mission, beneficial effects may with some confidence be ex- 
 pected to follow; while the other missionaries will be relieved 
 from a responsibility, which has only an indirect, though con- 
 fessedly an important connection, with their more appropriate 
 and desirable sphere of action. 
 
 1. In proceeding to report the present state of the Mission, it 
 will not be needful to enter into the same detail as last year. 
 The statement then given requires at the present the men- 
 tion only of a few alterations and additions, that have occur- 
 red during the interval. 
 
 Among these may be noticed the change of the English 
 morning service at Pursewaukum Chapel in the month of Au- 
 gust last year, in consequence of the attendance having become 
 so far diminished as to render it unadvisable to bestow labour 
 in this way, that might possibly be otherwise more usefully 
 employed. In the place of this service a Tamil one was esta- 
 blished, commencing at the same hour. This alteration was 
 attended with considerable promise ; the congregation often 
 amounted to more than 100 adults, with several younger 
 persons and children. Many of them were professing native 
 Christians. Lately a few of these taking offence in supposing 
 that the rules of caste, which still obtain among them, were 
 designedly intended to be violated, succeeded by their repre- 
 sentations in drawing away several of the usual hearers ; and 
 there is besides little doubt, that a portion of these were una- 
 ble to bear the plain declarations of the gospel. From this 
 
s 
 
 TWELFTH REPORT. 
 
 defection the congregation was somewhat reduced; but it has 
 recently been nearly restored to its former state by the at- 
 tendance of a different, and possibly more hopeful class of 
 hearers. — Shortly after the alteration abovementioned, the 
 Tamil service that had before been usually held in the after- 
 noon, was removed to the Pursewaukum school, and held in 
 the evening, as being a more convenient hour. The atten- 
 dance has been much the same as before, that is, but mode- 
 rate ; for though the place is situated in the midst of a teem- 
 ing population, but few comparatively feel it a duty to attend 
 to declarations of which they comprehend not the value or 
 importance. The Tuesday evening service is carried on at 
 the same school as heretofore, and is rather better attended. 
 
 The Sabbath evening English service at Pursewaukum 
 Chapel continues, but it has within a few months past sus- 
 tained a sudden and very marked decrease, which in fact 
 had been for some time anticipated. The proximate cause of 
 this diminution, was the opening of an Episcopal Church in 
 the immediate neighbourhood : possibly other causes may 
 have contributed; but they are not within the province of 
 this report. 
 
 The services at Black Town Chapel continue as formerly, 
 without alteration ; and afford little room for remark. The 
 attendance on the morning service has rather increased than 
 otherwise : the Sabbath evening prayer meeting continues. 
 The church-members have, generally speaking, afforded much 
 satisfaction and encouragement. One or two exceptions must 
 be made, wherein the painful exercise of discipline has been 
 necessary. But as church purity is essential to prosperity, 
 the path of duty in such cases is clear. It would be truly 
 pleasing to be able to report any signal proof of a work of the 
 Spirit of God ; but nothing beyond the more ordinary effects 
 
TWELFTH REPORT. 
 
 § 
 
 of public preaching has appeared. Let all those who feel 
 concerned for the prosperity of this place pray that a more 
 copious effusion of the Holy Spirit may be graciously given. 
 
 The Tamil services which were begun at Royapooratn as 
 mentioned in last report, were, after some months perseve- 
 rance by way of trial, judged not to be sufficiently well attend- 
 ed to warrant a continuance of the efforts made, and the 
 expence of rent incurred. The preaching held weekly on 
 Friday evenings, at the house of a member of the Black Town 
 Church, has still been kept on, as the attendance of natives 
 within and without the doors is sometimes considerable. 
 
 The addresses to heathen natives at Chinadrapettah and 
 Armenian street schools, have been continued during the year 
 occasionally , as circumstances permitted; and many tracts 
 have been distributed. At the latter place some opposition 
 has been manifested, which in the present state of the native 
 character, is to be welcomed as leading to greater enquiry. 
 At the school near the Elephant gate, a service to natives has 
 been begun, and is held once a fortnight by the Mission Assis- 
 tant, when the hearers are addressed on alternate evenings in 
 Tamil and Teloogoo : considerable attention has been mani- 
 fested. 
 
 Since the early part of the present year a small Bungalow 
 Chapel has been erected and opened for public worship in 
 the village of Periamoot. A native agreed to build this place 
 on having some security given ; and the place has since been 
 occupied by theMission.at a low rent, as a school and preach- 
 ing place. The native school, which is now a large and 
 flourishing one, is held in it daily. Tamil services are also con- 
 ducted in it twice a week on Wednesday and Saturday even- 
 ings. By the express wish of some of the inhabitants dwell- 
 ing around, an English service is also held once a fortnight 
 
10 
 
 TWELFTH REPOET. 
 
 on Thursday evening, and has hitherto been attended in a 
 pleasing manner. It is hoped that good may result. 
 
 Before closing this account of the preaching department it 
 may be well to present at one view a statement of the labour 
 employed in the public declaration of the gospel, from which 
 it is hoped it may appear, that sufficient prominence is given 
 to this great means of declaring Christ crucified as the sin- 
 ner’s only hope; and that whatever other subordinate efforts 
 are made, they do not detract from the principal one. The 
 statement here follows : 
 
 Sabbath Morning. — English service at Black Town Chapel. 
 Tamil do. at Pursewaukum. 
 
 Sabbath Evening. — English service at Black Town and Pur- 
 sewaukum Chapels. 
 
 Tamil do. at Pursewaukum school. 
 Monday Evening. —Tamil and Teloogo preaching at the Ele- 
 phant gate school, once a fortnight. 
 Tuesday Evening. — Tamil preaching at Pursewaukum 
 school. 
 
 Wednesday Evening . — English service at Black Town and Pur- 
 sewaukum, and 
 Tamil do. at Periamoot. 
 
 Thursday Evening. — English service once a fortnight at Pe- 
 riamoot. 
 
 Friday Evening. — Tamil preaching at Royapooram. 
 Saturday Evening. — The same at Periamoot. 
 
 It appears therefore, that there are twelve regular services 
 conducted weekly in connection with this Mission, exclusive 
 of efforts merely occasional. The persons engaged are the two 
 Missionaries, with the co-operation of the Rev. C. Traveller, 
 in the English department as heretofore; and they are assisted 
 by J. >iimmo and the Catechist in the native branch. It is 
 a subject of regret to add, that the total number of hearers 
 
TWELFTH REPORT. 
 
 11 
 
 does not at present usually much exceed perhaps 700 persons 
 in the aggregate, sometimes may be less ; whereas it is evi- 
 dent, that the same measure of effort might equally well apply 
 to as many thousands, were the spirit of enquiry thoroughly 
 sent forth among the people. It is the spirit of enquiry that is 
 needed in the first place ; for though the people are frequently 
 willing to hear when sought out, they are seldom found of 
 themselves to seek the means of grace. Could the customary 
 indolence and apathy of the natives be aroused, and could the 
 force of their prejudices be softened, the declaration of the 
 gospel, might, under the blessing of the Holy Spirit, be attended 
 with more extensive results than are now witnessed, even sup- 
 posing the measure of exertion to be precisely the same. The 
 Apostles in their day arrested this attention by the power of 
 working miracles, by their plenary gifts, and by the mighty 
 power of God confirming their testimony. In the present 
 day when all extraordinary powers and plenary gifts have 
 ceased, we must of necessity wait the result of ordinary means, 
 and use all possible scriptural means for the attainment of 
 this end. We may rest satisfied, that a spirit of more earnest 
 enquiry will be gradually excited; some effect of this kind has 
 heen already produced; and in the end doubtless the blessing 
 will come, and will not tarry. They that sow in tears, shall 
 reap in joy ; and that possibly in a way, and by means, least 
 of all expected. 
 
 II. The Schools form the next feature of importance in the 
 Mission ; and the state of these demands a brief notice. 
 
 The number of Native Schools supported by the Mission 
 for the instruction chiefly of heathen youths or children, is 
 at present thirteen. The places where these schools are held, 
 and the rate of attendance is here specified, as was done last 
 year. 
 
12 
 
 TWELFTH REPORT. 
 
 In and near Madras. 
 Pursewaukum English, 
 
 On the lists. 
 
 Average attendance . 
 
 Do. Tamil 
 
 
 
 Armenian Street 
 
 
 
 Comalesvaren Kovil ... 
 
 
 
 Chinadrapettah 
 
 
 
 Periamoot 
 
 
 , . 5$ 
 
 Kilpauk 
 
 
 sn 
 
 Cholay Bazar 
 
 
 
 Royapooram. 
 
 
 Of, 
 
 Elephant Gate 
 
 
 
 In the adjacent country 
 Kovil pedari. 
 
 
 
 Soranchery . . . . ....... 
 
 
 
 Nairnum 
 
 
 
 Total 479 
 
 432 
 
 The former schools at Triplicane aud Conootoor have beea 
 discontinued since the last Report, in consequence of the negli- 
 gence and inefficiency of the masters.* An endeavour was 
 made to place anew master at Conootoor, but the parents 
 refused to send their children; and the school consequently 
 ceased. 
 
 The education of Native Females was mentioned as a deside- 
 ratum in the last report. It is sufficiently well known, that 
 difficulties in the way are numerous, and they demand much 
 patience and steadiness of purpose to overcome them. The 
 deficiency has been in some degree supplied by the for- 
 mation of a Native Girls’ School, which was begun in February 
 last. It has been under the immediate superintendence of 
 Mrs. Taylor, assisted by a Tamil Master. The number of 
 children at first was upwards of 30, but a few fell off, as is 
 
 * Since the report was drawn up the Schools at Royapooram and 
 Kovil pedari have been suspended. 
 
TWELFTH REPORT. 
 
 IS 
 
 visually the case in native schools, and the number at present 
 averages between 25 and 30. The progress of these children 
 in needle-work, and their great readiness as well as suscep- 
 tibility of attachment, have been chiefly noticed ; their degree 
 of progress in writing and reading is moderate for the time. 
 Another girls school has been since formed under the per- 
 sonal care of Mrs. Crisp, which is considered likely to suc- 
 ceed ; the No. on the list is 21 , average attendance 1G. — The 
 result of the experiment has been to show, that the plan is 
 practicable, provided great care be bestowed ; and it is consi- 
 dered desirable to enlarge the effort, if opportunity be afford- 
 ed, * 
 
 Those highly valuable institutions the boys and girls Free. 
 Schools, for the education of destitute children of Christian 
 parents in the English language, have continued to afford the 
 same advantages as heretofore ; and through the kindness of 
 providence, and benevolent friends, the expences have been 
 very nearly defrayed by voluntary subscription. A statement 
 has been very lately printed and circulated among the subs- 
 cribers ; and will be inserted in the Appendix of this report. 
 
 It will be proper to remark, that the female branch is 
 under the personal superintendence of Mrs. Crisp in addition 
 to that of the present valuable School Mistress. A sabbath 
 school class is held in both schools, although it is found very 
 difficult to get the attendance of the children, owing to the 
 prejudices of the parents, who are mostly Roman Catholics, 
 and entertain a peculiar aversion to this species of instruction. 
 The vigorous efforts of a few more zealous Sunday School 
 teachers are much needed. 
 
 It remains only to notice the Central School ; an institution to 
 which considerable interest and importance appeared to at- 
 tach in the view of its founders, and many others, at the com- 
 mencement. A few' years experience, under some very dis- 
 
14 
 
 TWELFTH REPORT. 
 
 advantageous, and unforeseen circumstances, has led both the 
 present Missionaries to entertain but very measured expecta- 
 tions concerning its further prospects, or its adaptation to 
 produce a supply of well qualified schoolmasters, as was 
 intended. As it has been judged unnecessary to continue 
 to issue a distinct report, a statement has been drawn up 
 by the liev. E. Crisp under whose immediate care the Tamil 
 branch has been placed, which, together with an account of 
 receipts and expenditure, will appear in the Appendix. 
 
 If to the number of native children before-mentioned be 
 added those in the Native Girls School, Free Schools, and Cen- 
 tral School, the number on the lists will be 639, average at- 
 tendance 564; allowing for the fluctuations always occurring 
 by children going away and others coming in, the total num- 
 ber, under instruction during the year, has been about seven 
 hundred. 
 
 Before passing from the schools toother points of attention, 
 it may be well to add a few brief remarks, which, it is hoped, 
 will not be deemed irrelevant. Since some expect too much 
 perhaps from education, and others are disposed to depreci- 
 ate its utility, it may be just to state the view entertained by 
 this Mission ; being, it is believed, a medium between both 
 extremes. It is not conceived that the instructions imparted in 
 these various schools will be sufficient, except perhaps in 
 some rare instances, to lead to a saving conversion of the 
 soul; much less, that these early and preparatory means 
 may supersede other and more effectual ones. It is 
 not supposed that the education of children, without the 
 preaching of the gospel, or the agency of the Spirit of God, 
 will alone alter the moral aspect of the world. But it is be- 
 lieved, that under the divine blessing on persevering efforts, 
 they may go to a certain extent in the way of preparing for 
 so great and blessed a change. If the aggregate of souls con- 
 
TWELFTH REPORT. 
 
 verted in Christian countries were taken, it would very 
 possibly be found, that by far the larger portion have been 
 those whose opening minds were more or less imbued with 
 the principles of religion, and whose infancy was watched 
 with the most sedulous care. There will doubtless be excep- 
 tions ; but if the general state if the case be thus, and if on 
 this ground the work of Christian instruction has awakened 
 such powerful sympathies and extensive efforts in Great Bri- 
 tain, may it not be expected that the same general truth will 
 hold good in this land ; at least in some measure according to 
 the greater or less degree of care bestowed ? Is it not found 
 difficult in the present day, to make even an otherwise intel- 
 ligent native comprehend some of the first principles of 
 the gospel ? are they not met at every step, by doubts or difficul- 
 ties, suggested through ideas of a different character previ- 
 ously imparted? and would not the contrast afforded to such 
 a one by many a Sunday school child — and very possibly we 
 may add, by many a heathen child, who has been taught in a 
 Christian school — be a contrast sufficiently striking ? does the 
 preaching of the gospel operate by a species of intuition, or 
 more commonly at least by means of ideas previously impart- 
 ed, the force of which is brought home with invigorated 
 energy? where has the Holy Spirit been most copiously shed 
 forth, if not where Divine Providence has beforehand ap- 
 pointed largely the means of preparation, in communicating 
 at least the outlines of religious knowledge ? Where can be 
 found a people more difficult to arouse, and more obtuse to 
 any thing beyond mere sensual conceptions than the people of 
 India? — If such a view of the case be correct, the education of 
 heathen children in Christian knowledge, even with all the 
 defects that may at present attach to it, is not a matter of small 
 importance. Vigilant superintendence is confessedly needful ; 
 and there is still room for improvement, but when those most 
 
16 
 
 TWELFTH REPORT. 
 
 versed in the details of the subject know how far an approx- 
 imation is already made by heathen children, to the state and 
 progress of Sunday schools in England, there is at least en- 
 couragement to go forward, and to leave the future results to 
 the divine blessing. — This may be perhaps the proper place 
 to mention a recent arrangement of this mission, by which all 
 the oldest children in the native schools are required to attend, 
 and do many of them attend in consequence, together with 
 their masters, at the Tamil services nearest their respective 
 schools, but more especially the Sabbath morning service at 
 Pursewaukum. They will thus be accustomed to respect the 
 Sabbath, to join in public acts of worship, and possibly may be 
 led to compare what they learn in the schools, with what they 
 hear. It therefore affords a hope to those who watch over 
 these things, that should no important result immediately 
 appear, other missionaries may find a race better inclined and 
 prepared to listen to the glad tidings of salvation, than the 
 present uninformed and prejudiced generation. 
 
 III. — The next point claiming distinct attention is, the ef- 
 forts that have been made during the year, beyond the limits of 
 the station. 
 
 STripasgovr- 
 
 It was mentioned in the last report, that this place had 
 been several times visited ; that a Sabbath school and religi- 
 ous society had been formed, and several copies of scripture 
 distributed. The divine blessing apparently has continued to 
 rest on the endeavours made here, although in itself a place 
 highly unfavourable to religious culture. Some eireumstauces 
 not needing a specific mention led to a more close connection 
 of tlie place with tliis Mission, of which it now constitutes a 
 branch. The foundation of a building intended for a Chapel 
 and School was laid in September last previous to the mon- 
 soon. And on the 9th December a Church consisting of a few 
 
TWELFTH REPORT. 
 
 17 
 
 faithful men was formed on congregational principles. A- 
 bout the same lime, at the suggestion of this Committee, mea- 
 sures were taken to bring the whole of the children in the 
 place, who were capable of receiving instruction, under a sys- 
 tem of religious education. An allowance of two pagodas 
 monthly was voted for the purpose, and in consequence the 
 number of the children in the school was increased to 80; the 
 whole being admitted at a low monthly charge which the pa- 
 rents were willing to pay, and the deficiency to the master 
 made up by the above allowance. This school still continues. 
 
 The progress in building the Chapel was unexpectedly much 
 delayed. It was intended to complete the erection imme- 
 diately after the monsoon; but the want of some important 
 materials, which the kindness of valuable friends had promis- 
 ed, interposed for a time; and when this deficiency was re- 
 moved, a further obstacle was opposed, which rendered it 
 necessary to make an application to the proper government 
 authorities. Permission to erect the building has been very 
 recently accorded; and from the month of July the work has 
 been going forward with all practicable speed. At the pre- 
 sent time the roofing has been completed. 
 
 This Committee voted a loan of 200 Rupees towards the 
 object, and other sums subscribed among the people and by 
 various friends have amounted besides to 755f Rupees, as w ill 
 be specified in the Appendix. 
 
 The kindness of Divine Providence lias been very visible 
 in the affairs of this place ; but it would be injustice not to 
 mention the zealous efforts of the deacon Silvester I nee, and 
 others residing there. Public worship is conducted by read- 
 ing, as heretofore, Flavel’s and Doddridge’s sermons, when no 
 Missionary is present; and in consequence the ordinances of 
 the gospel are maintained with regularity : a monthly Mis- 
 sionary prayer meeting and other social exercises are also 
 
18 
 
 TWELFTH REPORT. 
 
 held statedly. The Church members have continued to walls 
 stedfaslly; one of their number died some time since in the 
 faith and hope of the gospel ; and two others have been add- 
 ed. There is also reason to hope, that the ministry of the 
 gospel has not been without effect on more, who have not yet 
 seen fit publicly to profess their faith in Christ. Some at- 
 tempt has been made towards the formation of an adult School, 
 which, if the plan can be perfected, might in the situation of 
 this place become very useful. Several copies of the scrip- 
 tures have been purchased during the year, from the Madras 
 ilible Association. The people have continued to subscribe 
 regularly for the expences of public worship, and erection of 
 the chapel; they have also appropriated Rupees 50 to the 
 funds of this Auxiliary. The prayers of all who wish well to 
 the best interests of mankind are requested in favor of this 
 infant Church and people. 
 
 tffjtttoor. 
 
 The contemplated interchange of visits to this important 
 station, was interrupted by some local and unforeseen causes. 
 A Missionary has been appointed to it by the Directors of the 
 Parent Society ; and in consequence, this place will assume a 
 distinct and individual character among the other stations of 
 the Society in the Peninsula. It was recently visited by Mr. 
 Crisp in the month of July. 
 
 Other efforts in the surrounding country have been chiefly 
 in connection with the visits paid to the country Schools. On 
 these occasions, such opportunities as may offer of doing good 
 are readily embraced ; conversations are held with heathen 
 natives and tracts or scriptures given, as may appear suitable. 
 Mention may be made in particular of a visit to the Village 
 of Tirunindroor in March last, which happened to be at the 
 time of the annual festival. The place was full of people, from 
 the surrounding country ; and a much larger number of tracts 
 
TWELFTH REPORT. 
 
 19 
 
 ami scriptures were distributed than is usual. The people were 
 eager to receive them; and when all were gone many persons 
 expressed regret and disappointment that no more were left. 
 The Missionary was occupied in conversing with various en- 
 quirers from 6 o’clock till 10 at night. Such seasons as these 
 afford almost the only encouragement given by heathen 'na- 
 tives; at the same time the folly displayed by them, at these 
 limes of public concourse, is calculated to awaken deep emo- 
 tions of pity. The good that may arise by conversation and 
 distribution of books, is at best but doubtful ; yet it is the path 
 of duty, the seed of the kingdom is sown, and whether or not 
 it produce fruit must be left with the Lord of the harvest. 
 Similar occasions have occurred at Trivatoor feast, at Conoor 
 Trivaloor and other neighbouring villages, to all of which the 
 same general remark may be understood as applying. 
 
 IV. — The Funds become the next object of attention. 
 During the past year there have been Subscribed. 
 
 To this Auxiliary Rupees 1082 12 4 
 
 To the Free Schools . .1359 15 6 
 
 To the Central School 500 0 0 
 
 Total 2942 11 10 
 
 The subscriptions for the two last mentioned local objects 
 have been appropriated as stated in their respective accounts 
 File subscriptions to this Auxiliary have been always paid 
 over to Messrs. Arbuthnot and Co. the Agents of the Parent 
 Society ; the amount has usually covered about one half only 
 of the expences incurred by the Society, for the maintenance 
 of native Schools, in Madras and the surrounding country. It 
 was mentioned in the last report, that under permission from 
 the Parent Society, it was attended to apply a portion of this 
 Auxiliary’s receipts under the sanction of the committee to lo- 
 cal objects, which has been done partially in advancing a loan 
 of 200 Rupees towards the building of TripassoreChapel, and 
 
20 
 
 twelfth report. 
 
 in paying two pagodas per month from the 15th December 
 last, to the school at that place. The surplus has been paid 
 to the Agents as usual ; as specified in the Treasurer’s account. 
 
 An Abstract of the Black Town Chapel — accounts will be 
 found in the Appendix. The sum of 200 Rupees has been 
 repaid during the year out of the debt due by this Chapel. 
 There still remains an obligation undischarged of Rupees 900, 
 to which attention is respectfully invited. 
 
 V”. The Committee now proceed to present some extracts 
 trom the communications kindly forwarded at their request, 
 by the Missionaries at the other stations in the Peninsula. 
 
 Uflgaum. 
 
 The Rev. Jos. Taylor, has sent some quotations from the 
 last report of the Association at that place, of which the fol- 
 lowing is the greater portion. 
 
 “ The transmissions of cash made by the Association during 
 the year have been as follows. 
 
 To the London Missionary Society Rupees 210 
 
 Madras, Bombay, and Bellary, Bible Societies 150 
 
 Madras and Bellary Tract Societies 69 
 
 American Mission at Bombay for tracts 65 
 
 Total 500 
 
 Tli e receipts and issues of the Scriptures and tracts during the 
 year have been in seven languages, that is, English, Portuguese 
 Mahratta, Canarese, Tamil, Teloogoo, and Guzerattee. Though 
 the distribution made during the year has not been very ex- 
 tensive ; yet some circumstances have transpired sufficient to 
 encourage the friends of the Bible and of the dissemination of 
 Christian knowledge to proceed with faith and hope in their 
 humble endeavours. 
 
 “With respect to the natives of this country, though perhaps 
 the Scriptures and tracts put iu circulation among them are in 
 many instances entirely neglected, or so superficially read, 
 as not to be properly understood, yet it is evident that a few 
 do read them with attention, understand their contents in a 
 tolerable measure, and thus are made acquainted with the 
 things which belong to their peace. 
 
 “ A Mahratta tract given away about two years ago, was 
 recently seen in the hands of an aged Brahmin with evident 
 marks of its having been used. A prayer contained thereiq. 
 
TWELFTH REPORT. 
 
 21 
 
 addressed to the true God was turned to, and read aloud by 
 him, which afforded evidence, that he was familiar with the 
 contents of the tract. Another native in a village near 
 Darwar, in a very earnest manner expressed his desire for 
 further instruction, on the subject contained in the tracts. 
 He added that the people could not from their own reading 
 understand all their contents ; and an old man in the same 
 village very feelingly solicited instruction about the way of 
 salvation, which he said the native sbasters did not teach. He 
 further said that he could find qo satisfaction from the differ- 
 ent systems of religion existing among the people, and as he 
 was ionr far advanced in life, and could not expect to see 
 many more days he wished to know upon what he should rest 
 his hopes for happiness after death. — Though this solicitude 
 for religious instruction is not felt by many ; yet who would be 
 disposed to say, that the few who are anxiously desirous of 
 being taught demand not our sympathy, and require not our 
 prayers and exertions? and may we not reasonably expect, in 
 the event of any of them being led to perceive the truth, and 
 to believe in the Saviour, that they will be made instrumental 
 in imparting the knowledge and faith of the gospel to many 
 around them? 
 
 “ The number ofNativeSchools in connexion with theMission 
 during the year has been nine. One Mahratta, one Teloogoo 
 and two Tamil, in Belgaum, and one Mahratta, in Shawpore, 
 Cawnpore, Nundighur, Hoobly and Barrawada, respectively. 
 In all theseChristian instruction has been more or less impart- 
 ed to about 250 children ; being the number which has on an 
 average attended during the year; but as it is not practicable 
 to afford them all sufficient superintendence, it is proposed 
 to reduce their number.” 
 
 To the preceding information, from the Report, is kindly 
 added the following from Mr. Taylor, personally: 
 
 “ Being now relieved from the performance of Chaplain’s 
 duties, I am enabled to devote my whole time to my proper 
 work ; and I have within the last two months been twice 
 from home, about 50 miles each time, visiting the Native 
 Schools, distributing the scriptures and tracts, and communi- 
 cating the knowledge of the gospel to the heathen. 
 
 “ It is gratifying to state that the converted Brahmin Dhon- 
 dapah continues to afford satisfaction by his unassuming and 
 Christian-like behaviour. He is employed occasionally in 
 visiting the Native Schools, and distributing and reading the 
 scriptures and tracts to his countrymen. The other Brahmin 
 who was baptized, but who in consequence of the persecution 
 he was called to experience was induced (with the Rajpoot 
 who was also baptized) to behave in the most unchristian 
 
22 
 
 TWELFTH REPORT. 
 
 manner, as stated in the last Report, returned a short time 
 ago, and expressed much regret on account of the conduct he 
 was led to pursue; and has since without any reserve avowed 
 himself a Christian. The Rajpoot is at Shawpore, supported 
 it is said by his friends, but not living with them. 
 
 “ A course of religious instruction having been during the 
 year imparted to the objects of the Belgaum Poor-House 
 (an institution lately established at this place) it is gratifying 
 to state, that three individuals hare been brought, it is hoped, 
 by the divine blessing to a saving acquaintance with the gos- 
 pel. After having undergone several examinations, and afford- 
 ed evidence of their knowledge in the doctrines and duties of 
 Christianity, as well as of their faith in the Saviour and love 
 towards him, they were, at their earnest solicitation, received 
 as members of the Christian church by the administration of 
 the rite of baptism. Another poor individual belonging to this 
 institution is now a candidate lor baptism. He has two 
 children, and wishes that they may be baptized likewise. 
 
 “ Divine service is performed with these poor people, by 
 me twice a week in the Tamil language, the attention they 
 manifest to religious instruction is very gratifying and en- 
 couraging. The children of the Tamil schools attend these 
 services. I have lately commenced an evening service on 
 Sabbath days, in the Mahratta language at a house which I 
 have in the pettah of Belgaum. The attendance however is 
 not very good.” 
 
 >7ttag.ipatam. 
 
 The Missionaries at this station, the Rev. Messrs. Gordon 
 and Dawson, have obliged the Committee with the following 
 communication : 
 
 “ Our station is one of a very peculiar character. The peo- 
 ple have strong prejudices, strengthened by the diligent and 
 effectual teaching of a crafty priesthood ; the more honest part 
 of whom do not hesitate to say, that the system of doctrine 
 which the sacred scripture teaches and the practice it incul- 
 cates, are much more, sublime and effectual to make persons 
 virtuous, than that which they teach; but ‘ how shall we be 
 supported, should the people receive your religion’ is a gene- 
 ral interrogative. As to embracing the truth themselves, it 
 would be going so far out of the line of their forefathers, that 
 the idea is not so much as remotely admitted by any one. As 
 for the people ‘ who know not the law’ they may be persuad- 
 ed perhaps, ‘ but then we shall lose our support thus it ap- 
 
TWELFTH REPORT. 
 
 29 
 
 pears to be their interest to keep them in the dark ; but this 
 is nothing new, having been the same from the beginning. If 
 it be enquired, ‘ what has been done V we reply, our Schools 
 are increasing in knowledge and interest, so that we are not 
 without a lively hope, that they may be the instrument which 
 our God intends to employ in India, for the purpose of un- 
 dermining the foundations of Satan’s empire, and of raising up 
 a host to the glory of his grace ; and in this department we 
 are not without encouragement, though we were not aware 
 how much had been done; for being in the habit of daily 
 pouring into the mind of our young people the truths of the 
 word of life, they had acquired a knowledge which we were 
 not prepared to witness, and which as much delighted as sur- 
 prized us; for it was not until the Gentlemen of the Deputa- 
 tion arrived, that we had ever thought of examining them in the 
 way we were led to do, through the questions which were put 
 to ascertain what had been effected by our Schools. Here 
 we found that we were neither disappointed nor deceived in 
 our expectations in this department, and are more than ever 
 confirmed in the opinion that we have not mistaken our ob- 
 ject in turning our attention most particularly though not ex- 
 clusively, to the young. These tender plants, will we hope and 
 believe grow up to be a crown of joy and honour to us, will be a 
 blessing to their fellows, and followers, and the glory of 
 Christ. We have not passed the year however, without some 
 trials. Mr. Gordon for many months was laid aside by disease, 
 through the debilitating nature of the climate, and perhaps 
 too much confinement to study in attending to his translation. 
 He has been from his station in search of health, which is 
 thought to be improved in consequence ; so that he may be 
 soon expected to resume his work, and superintend the 
 printing, of a new edition of the first volume of the New Tes- 
 tament, together with a version of part of the Old Testament ( 
 and likewise some tracts.— We have also been a little dis- 
 tressed by the zealous, but we think untimely, interference of 
 the Chaplain in taking from us an interesting and promising 
 institution, in which the number of girls and boys amounted 
 nearly to no, over which we had watched with much care 
 and anxiety for several past a ears. — Our remaining Tea 
 Native schools continue to yield ns increasing satisfaction. — 
 The distribution of scriptures and tracts keeps on at a steady 
 though slow rate. W e wish to 'nope, that in I lie day of ac- 
 count all w ill not prove to ha\ c been lost ; and that among the 
 little ones, Vizagapatam may have a plan e 4 tint ugli unpromis- 
 ing, and long unfruitful.” 
 
24 
 
 TWELFTH REPORT. 
 
 Cwfctiapaf). 
 
 The Rev. W. Howell obligingly writes from this station to 
 the following purport: 
 
 “ The Mission Chapel was opened for public worship in 
 October last, and regular services are performed in it, twice 
 on the Lord’s day; as also on Wednesday afternoon, for the 
 Native Christians and such of the heathen as feel disposed to 
 attend. Anandaraya of whom 1 made mention in my last 
 statement has recently left me, from being dissatisfied with 
 his situation. The daily family worship for the natives conti- 
 nues to be kept up, and is conducted by Luther Soobiah (a 
 converted Brahmin) and Jonah Rohela Vencataramadoo, a 
 Native Reader employed in the Mission, who has made con- 
 siderable proficiency in divine knowledge. He also frequents 
 the surrounding villages close to Cuddapab, to read theScrip- 
 tures and some useful tracts in manuscript, prepared for the 
 heathen; and with these in his hand, he ventures out into the 
 fields every day. The conversations he holds with the people, 
 the manner in which he explains the doctrines of Christianity, 
 and the answers he gives to their objections, are generally 
 very suitable and correct. He is useful to me also in con- 
 ducting the singing in the chapel ; and collects all the school 
 children every night at my house in order to learn the tunes, 
 in which many of them have made great progress. —1 conti- 
 nue the practice of having the families catechised, and there- 
 by ascertain their degree of knowledge, and at the sama 
 time impart to them further instruction, wherein they may be 
 deficient. There are at present about fifteen adults, who are 
 candidates for baptism. The Friday prayer meeting conti- 
 nues as before, when a few are called upon to engage in this 
 exercise, as previous qualifications to their being admitted 
 to baptism and the Lord’s supper. I have in addition to these 
 labours also Conversation meetings as usual in the Pettah, and 
 occasionally in the jail on week days. At these times 1 have 
 not always the same people to converse with, and therefore 
 do not see the result of my labours as I would wish. How- 
 ever 1 am aware that many do go away fully convinced, and 
 would embrace Christianity in preference, but for the fear of 
 offending their neighbours and connections, in which they are 
 literally taken captive by the devil, and are not able to reco- 
 ver themselves out ofhis snare. 
 
 “ The Schools are supported as heretofore; but just now by 
 the monthly subscriptions of three gentlemen, amounting to 
 47| Rs. with which I am enabled to maintain five schools and 
 one Native Reader. I beg through the medium of your Report, 
 
TWELFTH REPORT. 
 
 SQ 
 
 to convey my most grateful acknowledgements for the aid 
 thus afforded me by these gentlemen to promote the objects 
 of the Mission. The average number of children in all the 
 Schools is, boys, 120, and girls, 30 ; total 150. These Schools 
 are regularly examined by me, and their progress inserted in 
 a book, to prevent remissness in the schoolmasters. The pro- 
 gress in the heathen Schools has not been so great as 1 could 
 wish, owing in a great degree to sickness. Luther Soobiah 
 is the master of the Christian School ; and gives satisfaction in 
 the discharge of his duty. There are in this School at present 
 16 boys and 11 girls; the progress here has been very rapid; 
 for some of the boys are able to repeat the whole of Matthew’s 
 gospel, besides the catechisms, prayers, &c which they have 
 been taught. I have lately put Pinnock’s “ Catechism of 
 Bible History,” into Teloogoo for them, in which also they 
 are far advanced. The Tamil School has been discontinued, 
 liom the want of scholars. 
 
 “ During the year 1 have prepared a translation of the 
 Assembly’s Shorter Catechism in Teloogoo, for the use of 
 the Native Readers in the Mission; the above-mentioned 
 Catechism for the Christian School ; and a tract on “ True 
 Wisdom” adapted for the heathen. 
 
 “ The tracts 1 have distributed during the year at the sur- 
 rounding fairs and festivals, are about 2,000, including what 
 has been given away at Cuddapah, both at my house to na- 
 tives calling on me for that purpose, and in the jail. 
 
 “ The Work-house alluded to in my last report, h is been 
 since built, and five or six looms are at work ; from which a 
 few families find a scanty subsistence. 1 have also built on 
 theChapel premises a neat School-room for the children of the 
 Mission village. 1 have also recently built some houses tor a 
 Paper Manufactory , chiefly with the view of employing the 
 Native Christians; and to render them useful characters to 
 Society. 
 
 “The following is an Abstract of the Mission. 1st. June 1827. 
 
 adults children total. 
 Natives residing in the Mission village. . . . 86. . . . 54. . . . 140 
 Baptisms from last report to this date ... . 6 .... 6 .... 12 
 
 Marriages from Do 5 
 
 Deaths from Do , 6 .... 5 ....1L 
 
 Communicants at Cuddapah 13 1 , 
 
 Do. left Cuddapah 8$ ” 
 
 The account of receipts and disbursements for the Mission 
 Chapel, and a list of Donors and Subscribers to various branch- 
 es of the Mission, will be found in the Appendix. 
 
26 
 
 TWELFTH REPORT. 
 
 Bangalore, 
 
 The Rev. W. Campbell has favored the Committee with 
 the following statement : 
 
 “ At the commencement of this year, I went on a Mission- 
 ary tour through the distant villages. In Huttypully, Ossoor, 
 Ryacottah, and many other places of considerable note, I 
 found agreeable fields of labour, and returning in a different 
 route, and visiting the intermediate villages, travelled about a 
 hundred miles. With Brahmins and others, who appeared well 
 versed in their mythology, I had at some of these places, to 
 engage in strong contests on transmigration; on God being 
 the soul of the world ; on the soul of man being a part of the 
 great spirit, and absorption at death ; on the necessity of conti- 
 nuing in the blindness and idolatry of their ancestors, and on 
 theirSupreme Deity being the same as the true God, only re- 
 cognized by different appellations. In combating these errors, 
 1 found abundant opportunities for dwelling on the great 
 truths of the gospel, and for shewing the excellence and su- 
 periority of the doctrines, which the Saviour taught, when 
 compared with the opinions prevalent through this land. I 
 spent a Sabbath at Telamungala, where a great market is held 
 on this sacred day. The people, from all quarters around, 
 flocked to attend to their merchandise; and ten thousand was 
 the very lowest calculation that could be made of the multi- 
 tude. From under the shade of an elevated tree, I enjoyed 
 with the Teachers who accompanied me, a delightful opportu- 
 nity of addressing an immense congregation of heathens, and of 
 circulating among them the bread which endureth to eternal 
 life. Many heard with attention; some were astonished; 
 others very seriously enquired ; a few expressed their deter- 
 mination to come to Bangalore to hear more of this doctrine; 
 and multitudes followed us to our resting place, to receive 
 tracts, and to have the gospel more fully explained to them. 
 The result of the tour was, a thorough conviction, that the 
 more I was engaged among the heathen ; the more I was led 
 to contend with their errors, and declare to them the truth; 
 the more I could unfold to them the character of the Christian, 
 the design of the Missionary, and the glory of the blessed 
 Redeemer ; the greater would be my delight and satisfaction 
 in my work ; the better should I be qualified for discharging 
 among them the office of the ministry and the more success- 
 ful, through the grace of the Spirit should I be in converting 
 souls. 
 
 “ The Canarese School, established by the friends of edu- 
 cation in Bangalore in 1825, continues to prosper. Ten boy* 
 
TWELFTH REPORT. 
 
 27 
 
 are wholly supported in the institution ; and receive an edu- 
 cation almost entirely Christian. At an examination which 
 lately took place in the presence of the Deputation, the great- 
 est satisfaction was expressed by them on the one hand, and 
 heartfelt gratitude to God was experienced by the Missiona- 
 ry on the other. As it was conducted chiefly by the Rev. 
 John Hands of Bellary, I may perhaps be allowed to speak 
 more freely of it, than if it had been conducted by myself. In 
 a place selected for them, the first class read in the Teloogoo 
 New Testament, and translated it into Canarese with great 
 propriety. They then read in the old Testament in Canarese 
 and were examined on the great truths of the gospel; on the 
 fall of man; on our depraved and miserable condition by na- 
 ture ; on our entire inability to do any thing to restore our- 
 selves to the divine favor and image; on the Deity; the work 
 and the offices of Christ ; and on the work of the Spirit 
 in the mind of man. Their answers were not only, in gene- 
 ral, satisfactory ; but such as gave the greatest pleasure 
 to those who heard them; and were, for the most part, sup- 
 ported by an appeal to the law and to the testimony. As 
 they had committed to memory the whole of the gospel of 
 Mark, the gospel of John, and the epistles to the Ephesians, 
 and the Philippians, they repeated in various parts of these 
 books with great accuracy. The second class had not been 
 so long in the School, and had not made such progress ; but 
 some of them in addition to having learned prayers, and a 
 Catechism in Canarese were able to repeat large portions of 
 scripture, and had obtained a considerable degree of divine 
 knowledge. The examination ended with the Gentlemen of 
 the Deputation and Mr, Hands, expressing the gratification 
 which they felt in bearing testimony to the progress the boys 
 had made, and presenting each of them with a small present, 
 as a token of their approbation. 
 
 “ Three of the boys, I may add, afford me reason to hope, 
 that they are under very serious impressions, and their con- 
 duct and dispositions give very pleasing evidence to the pow- 
 er of the truth as it is in Jesus, 
 
 “ The students who are now under my care, and under a 
 course of instruction preparatory to their being more actively 
 engaged among the heathen, are in number four. They are 
 now receiving instruction in scripture history and divinity, 
 and exercise their talents almost daily in preaching salvation 
 to their countrymen. As far as, from a strict, and watchful su- 
 perintendence, I can ascertain, their conduct is consistent with 
 the gospel which they profess to believe ; their attention to 
 their studies, and their mental improvement is very commend- 
 able ; and their zeal, in embracing opportunities of convers- 
 
28 
 
 TWELFTH REPORT. 
 
 ing with their countrymen, in labouring to impress their mind 
 with eternal realties, and in bearing from them often the 
 scorn and contempt, and even buffeting* with which they 
 evince their hatred to them, and to the truth, is such as to 
 h ad me to hope that God will yet honor them with usefulness 
 and success. 
 
 “ Our Canarese congregation is still in its infancy ; but 
 gives me encouragement to persevere. Thirty, forty and some- 
 times more arc present in the sanctuary of Jehovah, to cele- 
 brate his praise, to call on him by prayer, and to listen to the 
 preaching of his gospel. The attempt however to establish 
 such a congregation lies under many serious disadvantages. 
 Situated in theCantonement, ourChapel where we assemble is 
 moved far from the mass of the Canarese people ; and is thus 
 only convenient to those who feel some inclination to sanctify 
 the Sabbath, and to engage in the exercises of Christian de- 
 votion. In the midst of this, however, and other difficulties, 
 which are connected with the station, it is cheering to think 
 that God ( an render the humblest attempt to extend his kingdom 
 successful ; and often sheds a lustre on his grace, by blessing 
 those means which in the estimation of man, would appear the 
 most foolish and likely to accomplish the end. In some of the vil- 
 lages arround Bangalore, we have often very attentive and very 
 encouraging congregations ofheathens: sometimes sixty, eighty, 
 and even a hundred assemble to witness the various parts of 
 Christian worship performed ; to hear ofthe only path to glory 
 and happiness; and to confess at times, the superiority ofthe re- 
 ligion of Christ to that of their ancestors. My attention has lately 
 been turned to the establishment of day schools. There are 
 now five in which are about 120 children. As might be ex- 
 pected, the greatest terror has appeared among the people, and 
 a very prejudicial fear among the children, that the design 
 was to make them all Christians; and I am very apprehensive 
 that a great deal of trouble will be experienced before religi- 
 ous books are introduced among them. In the mean time, 
 they make progress in learning to read; prejudice will I trust 
 soon give way ; and schoolmasters better qualified by their 
 education, and by their principles, for the discharge of their 
 duties than heathens being raised up, will throw the weight of 
 their counsel and influence into the scale of Christianity, and 
 render the attempts of Missionaries to evangelize the rising 
 generation more effectual and permanent. 
 
 “ Our English congregation has I think lately considerably 
 improved; some of the soldiers who attend appear to be 
 under very serious impressions; and are enquiring for the 
 road to Zion. Prayer meetings have been established ; and 
 will I hope be the means of strengthening the weak ; and in- 
 creasing the faith and hope of those who are young in Christ.” 
 
TWELFTH REPORT. 
 
 29 
 
 tfontfmcomttm 
 
 The following statement has been obligingly forwarded by 
 the Rev. C. Mead, in reference to this station. 
 
 “ About a fortnight before I left Combaconum 1 opened 
 the Mission Chapel at Karupoor, for divine worship (refer- 
 red to in your last report). The doors and windows are still 
 to be made, and will be sent from this place, as good timber 
 is very expensive in the Tanjore district. In other respects 
 the Building is completed, it is 50 feel by 50, and convenient- 
 ly situated; a School of 50 children is held in the compound. 
 — The Scriptures and religious Tracts are daily read and ex- 
 plained to many who have occasion to pass by. The service 
 is continued, by the Reader stationed there, on the Sabbath 
 twice. Every evening a few attend religious instructions and 
 prayer. Before I left about 40 persons attended on the Sab- 
 bath, besides many who came and listened for a while at the 
 doors and windows. 1 bless the Lord by whose assistance 
 many difficulties that presented themselves to the erection of 
 the building were overcome. I beg the subscribers to the 
 undertaking to receive my grateful acknowledgements for 
 their liberal aid. There is a balance against the Chapel, and 
 expences still to be incurred ; but I hope by the assistance of 
 the Society, and other friends, the deficiency will be made up. 
 This humble Building, dedicated to the Lord of Hosts, 
 stands in the midst of many a lofty and stupendous fabric, 
 devoted to the powers of darkness. 1 trust our Society will 
 ere long be able to send at least one Missionary to this im- 
 portant station. A kind friend has undertaken at my request 
 to superintend the Schools &c. as frequently as possible, un- 
 til some other arrangement can be made for this purpose. 
 
 “ The Town- School — consisting of 35 boys has been carried 
 on with some encouragement, one class have made consider- 
 able progress in repeating the catechisms. Several are able 
 to read the Gospel of Matthew, supplied by the liberality of 
 the Madras Auxiliary Bible Society. The school-room being 
 conveniently situated in the middle of the town, the reader 
 from Karupoor attends frequently, and communicates religi- 
 ous instructions, distributes Tracts &c. not a few come to 
 make enquiries, and receive books. When there I have had 
 pretty large and attentive assemblies at the examinations of 
 the children, on the outside of the school house. The Mis- 
 sion is indebted for the erection of the building and other acts 
 of liberality to the late Henry Fetherston Esq. a name that 
 will long be cherished by those who knew him. 
 
so 
 
 TWELFTH REPORT. 
 
 “At Tiruvesaloor, the small Congregation and School con- 
 tinued to excite pleasing hopes, particularly the latter. The 
 people are poor; but when it is remembered, that they are 
 cultivators of the ground under Brahmins, who are sole pro- 
 prietors of the Village, they will not be considered to be in 
 the most favourable circumstances for improvement, and to 
 give attention on religious instruction. 
 
 “ At Amenpettah, several individuals heathen and Roman 
 Catholics, had placed themselves under our care for religious 
 instruction. The village is large, and there is every prospect 
 of an increase of hearers. — The schoolmaster attends a private 
 house to teach the Catechisms and read the Scriptures to the 
 people. Many listen, particularly Roman Catholics, who are 
 as ignorant generally as the heathen around them. There 
 are two or three individuals, whose constant attendance at Com- 
 baconum irom tnis village, as well as at home, upon themeans 
 of grace, encourage the hope, that they have a desire to be- 
 come acquainted with the things that make for their peace. 
 
 “ At Treviar, the school continues to be well attended ; a 
 pleasing progress has been made by the scholars, in religious 
 knowledge, through the medium of Catechisms, religious 
 Tracts, and the Sacred Scriptures .May the Holy Spirit write 
 the truths they learn upon the tablet of their hearts ! The 
 Moonsif continued his useful and friendly aid. A Reader is 
 stationed here; and has frequent opportunities of explaining 
 and enforcing the truths of the Scriptures, on the attention of 
 the heathen population around him. Several Brahmins and 
 others continue to attend regularly the preaching of the gos- 
 pel, in the Moonsifs house. It was in contemplation to procure 
 ground and erect a place of worship for the use of this small 
 but interesting Congregation ; but this must be deferred proba- 
 bly till the arrival of a Missionary. The School contains up- 
 wards of 80 children.” 
 
 TSTagrtroil. 
 
 The following important and interesting document has been 
 kindly forwarded by the Rev. C. Mault. The aspect of the 
 South Travancore Mission may be considered truly pleasing ; 
 and as calculated to invite the special attention of friends to 
 the cause. 
 
 “Congregations. — These are 38 in number. The largest 
 contains upwards of 150 families ; several from 50 to a hun- 
 dred ; and some not more than 4 or 5 families. During the year 
 additional members have added to some ot the Congregations; 
 several of these have been induced to attend on the meUns of 
 
TWELFTH REPORT. 
 
 31 
 
 grace by the persuasion, and from observing the good con- 
 duct of those who have for some time past made a profession. 
 In this way a new Congregation in the neighbourhood of Eta- 
 villy consisting of about fourteen families has been recently 
 collected. 
 
 “ In August last nearly fifty families of Roman Catholics, 
 who for a considerable time had been dissatisfied with the 
 exactions of their priest, came to us to solicit Christian in- 
 struction, which was afforded. This gave great umbrage to 
 the Catholics ; who used every means to induce them to return. 
 In the course of a short period they cited many of them seve- 
 ral times before the court to answer to serious charges unjustly 
 preferred against them; and used their influence with native 
 persons in authority to oppress and frighten them. These 
 efforts had the desired effect ; for at length many declared 
 that they were no longer able to endure them ; and these have 
 again embraced, in profession at least, the delusions of Popery. 
 H owever several families remain stedfast; and judging from 
 the conduct of one family , we have reason to hope, that the 
 gospel has not been published in vain among them. 
 
 “ Twelve families, in the neighbourhood of Cape Comorin, 
 have been lately formed into a Congregation, and a Reader 
 stationed among them. 
 
 “ l am happy to say, that a few pious men and women in 
 several of the Congregations, formerly alluded to, continue to 
 adorn the doctrine of God our Saviour, and are active in im- 
 parting instruction to their own sex, both Christian and hea- 
 then. 
 
 “ Three persons who were formerly followers of the false 
 Prophet have joined the Congregation at Agatesnrum during 
 the past year. Their attention was first directed to the Chris- 
 tian religion by a member of the Congregation, who for seve- 
 ral years has exemplified the truth as it is in Christ, by an un- 
 blanteable conversation. As he followed the same business, 
 and was employed with them, the subject of religion was fre- 
 quently the topic of conversation, and the earnest manner in 
 which he spoke of the love of Christ to sinners, excited in them 
 a desire to know something more of it, which was communi- 
 cated by the Reader stationed there. Shortly after they were 
 induced to attend on public worship, from which time they 
 have had to endure many trials. The wife of one, and all his 
 friends forsook him. The Mahometans were very loud in 
 their threatenings ; but hitherto God has, in his infinite mercy 
 preserved them; and enabled them to persevere. Two of 
 them, after having given satisfactory evidence that they were 
 new creatures in Christ Jesus, were baptized last month. The 
 season was indeed an interesting one ; forming anew era in 
 
32 
 
 TWELFTH REPORT. 
 
 that Congregation. The candidates and some others in the as- 
 sembly were deeply affected, and felt that it was good to be 
 there. The preaching of the gospel I trust has been blessed 
 to the good of several in other Congregations, by whose acti- 
 vity, in connexion with that of the Readers, knowledge is in- 
 creasing. 
 
 “To facilitate its progress several persons of good report 
 have been selected in some of our Christian villages to assist 
 the Readers, teach the catechisms, and in short to attend to 
 the spiritual and temporal wants of the people. We have it 
 in contemplation to adopt the same plan in all our Congrega- 
 tions. Some of the persons have entered on their work with 
 zeal, and promised to be very useful in evangelizing their 
 countrymen. A few rule3 have been drawn up, and published 
 for their instruction and guidance. It will be interesting to 
 know, that like our Deacons at home, they perform these la- 
 bours gratuitously. 
 
 “ Readers . Thirty-three have been employed during the 
 year, many of whom have been very diligent in their work, 
 and instrumental in doing good. The gospel is published by 
 them in most of the Towns and villages south of Trivandrum ; 
 and in a large district in the Tinnevilly country. Thus repen- 
 tance and remission of sins are preached in the name of Jesus; , 
 Thus He is lifted np, and the perishing multitude are invited 
 to admire and receive him ! Two of the Readers have recently 
 been called from their labours on earth to their reward in 
 heaven. W r e cherish this hope from a persuasion that a change 
 of heart had taken place, which was manifested by their lives. 
 Their places have been filled up by two others, who we hope 
 will tread in the footsteps of their predecessors. 
 
 “ Schools . The number of Schools and the average atten- 
 dance of children are about the same as mentioned last year.* 
 
 — Many of these institutions in the Christian villages give us 
 encouragement. The school-masters are generally more dili- 
 gent, and conscientious in the discharge of their duty. The 
 Missionaries and Readers have more frequent opportunities of 
 examining and catechising the children. The Schools in our 
 immediate neighbourhood, which are composed of heathen 
 children, continue to come to our houses once a week, for ex- 
 amination and catechetical instructions. 
 
 “ All the Schools are regularly visited once or twice a week 
 by the Readers. I have also paid to this object as much atten- 
 tion as my other engagements would allow. When catechiz- 
 ing the children I have observed at seasons, that the truth 
 has affected the mind ; especially when speaking of the great 
 
 * i. e. Schools 48, children 1300, Sec. 
 
TWELFTH REPORT. 
 
 S3 
 
 transactions of redemption, the tear, that has trickled down 
 the cheek of an heathen boy has borne witness to the sympa- 
 thy of the heart. — Though scenes of this nature may occur 
 without any abiding impressions being made, yet 1 think it 
 will be allowed by most, that where such effects are produced 
 there is great encouragement to be diligent in imparting ins- 
 truction. To sow the seed in such soil is delightful; and by 
 the divine blessing may produce an abundant harvest. But 
 under the most favourable circumstances in India, we labour 
 under disadvantages. The want of conscientious school masters, 
 for our Schools established in heathen villages; the total absence 
 of all parental discipline at home ; the prevalent practice of 
 instilling evil into the youthful mind ; and the dreadful exam- 
 ple, which their parents and others set before them are of 
 themselves sufficient, it the grace of God prevent not, to 
 counteract the best instructions, and do without doubt greatly 
 tend to retard our work. Believing that truth will ultimately 
 prevail it becomes us to labour with patience and perseverance. 
 
 “ Seminary, — Several have left this establishment during 
 ihe year, and are usefully employed. The good conduct of 
 these and the piety of others, who have enjoyed the advanta- 
 ges of this institution are proofs, that our labour in this de- 
 partment has not been in vain. But the multiplication of other 
 business has prevented me from paying that attention to the 
 institution, which its importance requires. However I hope 
 this evil will now soon be remedied. 
 
 “ Girls' School, — This contains 45 children, who are board- 
 ed and clothed, partly by the contributions of friends in En- 
 gland, and partly by the industry of the senior scholars, who 
 as soon as they can read tolerably are employed part of the 
 day in sewing, making lace, spinning cotton, and the re- 
 mainder at their lessons ; many ot them have made good pro- 
 ficiency in the different branches of learning, to which their 
 attention has been directed, and a few give pleasing indications 
 that the truth has made some impression on their minds. Four 
 girls having been the usual time in the school have been dis- 
 missed during the past year. Three that have enjoyed its 
 benefits have since married, and are conducting themselves in 
 their new situations with much propriety. 
 
 “ A Sunday School has been formed during the year, for 
 the benefit of the adult females connected with the Nagercoil 
 Congregation, the senior girls in the Charity-School are the 
 teachers. But a School of adults is an unusual thing among 
 the natives; to secure therefore a regular attendance has 
 been difficult, nevertheless a few by perseverance have made 
 as much progress for the time, as could be expected. 
 
84 
 
 TWELFTH REPORT. 
 
 “ Printing establishment. Owing to the embarrassed state 
 of the funds of our Tract Society, we hare not been able to 
 accomplish so much as in the former year. However we have 
 endeavoured to keep the press constantly in operation. For 
 this purpose several Tracts on important subjects have been 
 published, at the expence of the Mission. A timely supply 
 of paper having been recently received from the 1 ract Socie- 
 ty in London, we have been enabled to commence the reprint 
 of several of our most useful Tracts. 
 
 “ During the past year I have endeavoured to redeem a lit- 
 tle time for the composition of Tracts in the Native Language ; 
 and have composed several on the doctrines and duties of 
 Christianity; three of which have been accepted by the Tract 
 Society, and a few published by the Mission. 
 
 “ But the most delightful part of my work has been, that 
 of visiting the Congregations in villages around us. The sim- 
 plicity of many of the people; their improvement in know- 
 ledge and decorum; and especially tbtir attention to the 
 word ; have conspired to h ighten this delight Indeed on 
 some occasions I have found such relie; from a load of cares 
 which this extensive Mission necessarily produces that I have 
 reluctantly quitted these peaceful retreats. Most weeks I 
 have visited two or three congregations ; and occasionally 
 spent several days together in the villages : yet how little has 
 been accomplished in comparison of what remains to be done; 
 the harvest truly is great but the labourers are few. It affords 
 me pleasure to mention that Mr. Mead and his family safely 
 arrived on the 25th of May last. He has resumed his la- 
 bours here, and will willingly take a share in the concerns and 
 anxieties of the Mission. 
 
 OutlOtt, * 
 
 “ In August last, l visited this station, and during my stay 
 a small Congregation of Tamil People came to the Mission 
 house morning and evening for prayer; to whom l expound- 
 ed a portion of Scripture. About 25 persons attended divine 
 service twice on the Lord’s day, who were very attentive to 
 the word. I visited the Schools, which were well attended ; 
 and judging from the proficiency which some of the boys had 
 made in Christian knowledge they appear to have been dili- 
 gently superintended. 
 
 “ Our assistant Mr. Ashton has still the charge of this 
 Mission, He states in his report for last month, that the 
 
 * A Missionary has been appointed to this Station, who will shortly 
 proceed thither. Sec. 
 
TWELFTH REPORT. 
 
 35 
 
 number of children, w ho regularly attend on instruction, is 
 about 350. He weekl) visits most of the Schools to examine 
 and Catechize the children, on which occasions he preaches 
 the G ^pel to the people in the villages, a few of whom at 
 times n vvi,h a'tention. A small Congregation attends on 
 the Lei day ■■ t l lie Mission house, for instruction, to whom 
 Mr. Ashton expounds a portion of Scripture. 
 
 “ The present number of Readers at this station is four, 
 who are employed in reading the Scriptures, in the surround- 
 ing tillages, bazars, and other public places. Little impres- 
 sion at present seems to be made ; however the seed is sown. 
 May the showers of divine grace descend to make it spring 
 up, and bear fruit to the glory of God.” 
 
 VI. — Before closing their Report the Committee advert 
 with peculiar pleasure to a circumstance of distinguished in- 
 terest in the past year ; and sufficiently important to claim the 
 most prominent notice. They allude to the visit of the Mis- 
 sionary Society’s Deputation, consisting of the Rev. Daniel 
 Tyerman, and George Bennet, Esq. who after visiting the 
 South Sea Islands, those of New Holland and the Indian Ar- 
 chipelago, together with China and Hindostan proper, landed 
 at Madras in the early part of January last. They remained 
 here a Month having received during that time much civility 
 and kindness from the late Governor, and other Gentlemen 
 high in rank and office. Their call here also excited some con- 
 siderable popular attention. They have since successively 
 visited many Missionary Stations, and other places, in the 
 course of an extensive circuit through the Peninsula. It may 
 be hoped, that their visit, in addition to refreshing the Bre- 
 thren at the various stations, may have a very beneficial ef- 
 fect on the Society’s operations, from their experienced wis- 
 dom, and kind advice; by their pointing out suitable posts of 
 labour, and aiding in the definite organization of the Madras 
 District Committee, an important arrangement of the Direc- 
 tors not yet completed. 
 
 VLI, — It remains only to add a very few brief remarks by 
 way of conclusion. — In the course of the past twenty year* 
 
TWELFTH REPORT. 
 
 36 
 
 Divine Providence has been accomplishing great things for 
 the spiritual benefit of the millions in India. The course of 
 events of this character, though gradual, may be safely con- 
 sidered as onward. The decline and ruin of heathen temples 
 — the diminution in the number of petty Rajahs to foster 
 such erections — the much lighter degree of esteem in which 
 the distinction of caste is held in many places — the rapid and 
 extensive diffusion of at least many portions of Christian 
 knowledge — the enquiring dispositions in many places mani- 
 fested — the improved state of feeling respecting Missionary 
 efforts in influential quarters — the multiplication of edifices 
 dedicated to the only living and true God — and the preaching 
 of the pure gospel in many of them ; — these considerations all 
 have a favorable bearing on the moral condition of this part 
 of the human race. But it cannot be denied — and it would 
 be folly to attempt doing so — that there exist still many, and 
 those mightier, and more complicated, obstacles, than any 
 human power can overcome. It is properly the work of Di- 
 vine power, and of the agency of Divine Providence to put 
 these obstacles aside ; and there are indications that such must 
 be the case, at least to a great extent, before another century 
 expires. Missionaries must in humble dependence on the 
 Spirit of God, patiently pursue the leadings of that adorable 
 Providence, all the appointments of which must be effected ; 
 and to which all human efforts must of necessity be subordi- 
 nate. The moral condition of the mass of the people is so 
 degraded, and such gross ignorance covers the land, that af- 
 ter a little experience, we look almost instinctively at the ne- 
 cessity of much more extensive means being in operation be- 
 fore we may rightly expect a wide diffusion of the wished for 
 blessing. Labours without heaven’s blessing, are doubtless 
 vain and fruitless in the result ; but a signal blessing has sel- 
 dom or ever been given except where great previous labour, 
 
TWELFTH REPORT. 
 
 37 
 
 or else an extraordinary work of preparation has been be- 
 stowed. Rightly considered, the present is a day of extraor- 
 dinary preparation, fraught with important and beneficial 
 consequences ; though we do not immediately see them. Ret 
 us await in faith, in prayer, and in patience, the time of God’s 
 own gracious appointment. But let us also stir up ourselves 
 to all the diligence and activity we can command. The im- 
 portance of personal effort ought never to be overlooked. It 
 can be no question whether that, or speculation shall finally 
 prevail. Pleasing as are the efforts of Christian zeal already 
 shewn, we have still need to pray, that a more general feeling of 
 interest may be every where excited , and that many may be 
 induced to go forth to the-help of the Lord against the mighty. 
 
 May ths time speedily approach, when all denominations of 
 Christians without exception shall find their labours more 
 eminently blessed in the conversion of souls to God ; when the 
 Holy Spirit’s influence shall be more copiously shed forth ; 
 when truth shall be seen in its native magnitude and imppr- 
 tance, and rise above the shackles of prejudice and error ; 
 when its march shall be mighty, and its power unresisted. 
 Then may those who live to see such a day, expect without 
 hesitation the speedy accomplishment of the sure word of pro- 
 phecy, which may the Lord hasten in his time. “And it shall 
 come to pass in the last days, that the mountain of the Lord’s 
 house shall be established in the top of the mountains, and 
 shall be exalted above the hills and all nations shall flow into 
 it. And many people shall go and say come ye, and let us go 
 up to the mountain of the Lord — and He shall teach us of his 
 way and we will walk in his paths. And He shall judge among 
 the nations, and shall rebuke many people, and they shall 
 beat their swords into ploughshares and their spears into 
 pruning hooks, nation shall not lift up sword against nation, 
 neither shall they learn war any more.” 
 
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TWELFTH REPORT. 39 
 
 ADDENDUM. 
 
 Letter from the Rev. J. Hands and the Rev. J. Beynon, to the 
 
 Secretary. 
 
 Madras, Sept. 25, 1827. 
 
 Dear Brother, 
 
 You request us to furnish you with some account of the 
 state of our Mission at Bellary, for your Annual Report : We 
 with much pleasure comply. We wish we could furnish you 
 with one more pleasing : while we find much to encourage 
 us, we also find much to try our faith, and exercise our 
 patience. May patience have its perfect work, and the ob- 
 jects of our faith and hope be soon realized. 
 
 As it regards Public Preaching, our formerly mentioned 
 Evening Services in the Canarese and Tamil languages are 
 still continued ; and three additional places have been recently 
 opened for the same purpose, so that we have now in some 
 part or other a Native Service every evening in the week, 
 except on the Sabbath. These services too, we are happy to 
 stale, have been recently belter attended, than formerly ; and 
 in either with a greater measure of propriety and seriousness. 
 Our Canarese Sabbath-Morning Service, is regularly attended 
 by all the children of three of our schools, who together with 
 the adults form a Congregation of from 120 to 130 persons.— 
 Our Tamil Congregation on the Sabbath morning, usually 
 amounts to about 40 persons. During the past year many of 
 our Tamil people have been removed to other stations ; a few 
 others have joined us, mostly from the Romish Church : 
 among these is one, who for many years has been a leading 
 man among the Roman Catholics here. He ascribes the 
 change wrought in his views to a careful reading of the Holy 
 Scriptures. When he was received among our people, he 
 publicly renounced the errors of the Romish Church. From 
 the reasons we have to hope he is a real Christian, we are 
 about to receive him into full Communion. 
 
 From among the Canarese people some have been added to 
 the Church durinig the past pear. One whom we had hoped 
 to receive, and who has regularly attended onr meetings for 
 nearly two years past, has lately left us, and we fear is gone 
 back to sin and folly. He had acquired much knowledge of 
 divine things, and was accustomed to pray with considerable 
 propriety in our private Prayer Meetings ; and we had fondly 
 hoped he would in time have become a valuable helper in the 
 Mission ; but the persevering determined opposition of his 
 wife and other relations, proved in the end too strong for hihl'. 
 
40 
 
 TWELFTH REPORT. 
 
 A few others, of whom for a season we hoped well, and that 
 ere this, they would have received the ordinance of Baptism, 
 have disappointed us and proved by their conduct, that their 
 hearts were not right in the sight of God. 
 
 We are happy to be able to state, that those few from 
 among the heathen who have been received into the Church, 
 still stand fast and we hope are growing in knowledge and in 
 grace. 
 
 We have reason to believe, that there are numbers of the 
 Heathen around us whose minds by our Preaching and other 
 means have been so far enlightened as to see the folly of wor- 
 shipping idols, and vvho do in their hearts despise them ; and 
 many go further ; they acknowledge it to be sinful, and rea- 
 dily admit the excellence of Christianity : but from the dread 
 of persecution, or the want of a living faith in the Redeemer 
 they continue to walk in the ways of their fathers. 
 
 Our English Service on Wednesday evenings, has been 
 recently discontinued ; that on Sabbath evenings continues ; 
 and is generally well attended, we hope not in vain : during 
 the year two persons have been added to the Church. 
 
 From the great difficulty experienced in superintending 
 some of our most distant Native Schools they have been lately 
 relinquished, and the number has been increased near home, 
 so that we have now nearly as many children in our schools ; 
 and as our system has been improved, and all are now under 
 more frequent and careful superintendence than before, we 
 hope to see greater success. — We are happy to be able to add, 
 that we have at least succeeded in establishing two Girls' 
 Schools : one for Canarese and Teloogoo, and the other for 
 Tamil Children. In the former are 26 Children, and in 
 the latter 8. Our English Charity School contains about 40 
 children of both sexes and continues to be well supported. 
 
 The Translation of the Scriptures into the Canarese lan- 
 guage, we are happy to say is completed ; and in addition to 
 those parts already in circulation, the Pentateuch, with the 
 exception of the book of Leviticus, has recently been printed 
 at our Mission Press for the Madras Auxiliary Bible Society. 
 
 Our Bible, Tract, and Missionary Societies, continue to 
 receive very liberal support. Within the last year our Branch 
 Bible Society remitted to the Auxiliary Society at Madras 
 upwards of 1000 Rupees. Our Tract Society received by 
 Subscriptions and Donations Rupees 1081, and our Auxili- 
 ary Missionary Society remitted to the Society at home Ru- 
 pees 602, 8. — Great numbers of the Scriptures and Religious 
 Tracts in Canarese, Teloogoo, Tamil, and Hindoostanee, have 
 been circulated by these Societies during the year, and we 
 trust not in vain. 
 
TWELFTH’ REPORT. 
 
 41 
 
 , In the months of March, April, and May last, one of the 
 Bellary Missionaries, was engaged in an extensive tour with 
 the Deputation from our Society, during which every suita- 
 ble opportunity was embraced of Preaching to the Heathen, 
 and distributing among them the Scriptures and Tracts, where 
 the language spoken by the Missionary was understood ; 
 great numbers came to hear us, arid books were almost every 
 where received with the greatest eagerness. 
 
 Hoping, dear Brother, should life be spared, to be able ere 
 long to furnish you with more interesting statements than this ; 
 and praying, that soon the influences of the Holy Spirit may 
 descend in copious showers upon every Missionary, and every 
 Missionary Station in this land of Idols, 
 
 We are, Dear Brother, 
 
 Your affectionate Brethren, 
 
 J. Hands. 
 
 W. Beynon. 
 
42 
 
 &mwxamsL* 
 
 (A.) 
 
 Antral ~cJ)00h 
 
 In the Report last issued the Subscribers were informed that in the 
 Tamil branch of the School 12 boys were enjoying the benefits of the in- 
 stitution, of that number several were afterwards guilty of gross mis- 
 conduct, and withdrew from the School, from which it would otherwise 
 have been necessary to expel them. It was not the least painful part of 
 this occurrence, that some of the youths who thus left the School were 
 those who, from the length of time they had been in it, and their general 
 proficiency, would soon have been fit to leave the institution, in order to 
 attempt the accomplishment of the object originally proposed — the ma- 
 nagement of Native Schools. One boy has been removed by his parents 
 without any good reason being assigned ; and one has chosen to leave 
 the School in order to occupy a situation, which he thought to be pre- 
 ferable. From the discouraging circumstances with which these various 
 cases (six in number) were attended, and from its appearing that we 
 had very little hold upon the rest and not much security for their conti- 
 nuance, no new Scholars have been received during the past 12 Months 
 ■ — the present number is six. The Tamil studies pursued by them are 
 the same as what have been before described. In the use of the Ter- 
 restrial Globe considerable proficiency has been made, and the Scholars 
 are all able to repeat and to work with greater or less facility, 24 of the 
 most important problems from Keith, which have been translated for their 
 use. Regular and daily attention has been paid to the religious improve- 
 ment of the Scholars ; and family prayer in Tamil has been daily con- 
 ducted for their benefit. It is gratifying to observe, that they have ac- 
 quired a very scriptural and correct knowledge of the gospel. The fa- 
 miliar lectures which have been delivered to them on the whole of the 
 historical part of the Old Testament, and to the end of Ecclesiastes, have 
 had the effect of enlarging their minds and of giving them a correct idea 
 of the order of events, and the exact time of their occurrence ; while it 
 has rendered familiar to them, the most eminent and conspicuous of Scrip- 
 ture Characters. A regular selection of passages of Scripture on the 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 43 
 
 facts, doctrines, and duties, of Christianity has been daily committed to 
 memory by the Scholars, and explained to them ; and they have been 
 constantly led to the Scriptures, as the great, and the only pure fountain 
 of religious truth ; and although it, at present, appears to be merely a 
 speculative knowledge which they have gained, yet this knowledge may 
 at some future time produce under the divine blessing a practical, abid- 
 ing, and saving, effect. 
 
 After the issue of the last report the sum raised by Subscriptions was 
 small, amounting only to Madras Rupees 500. Such being the case, it 
 became an object of desire with the Managers of the Institutions to re- 
 duce the expenditure as much as possible ; and they were therefore glad 
 to avail themselves of an opportunity which offered in November last, of 
 again carrying on the Tamil branch without the expence of rent. By 
 making every practical retrenchment the total of monthly expenditure 
 for the Tamil branch (inclusive of Moonshees salary) has latterly been 
 brought within Ten Pagodas. 
 
 The deficiency in the income of the School has been temporarily sup- 
 plied by a loan from the LondonMissionary Society ; and a statement has 
 been sent out from which it appears that sums have been subscribed in 
 England, which, when they are received in this country, will be suffici- 
 ent to repay the sum which has been borrowed, and to afford some small 
 further support to the School. The renewed and benevolent assistance 
 of friends in India is solicited, and Subscriptions to the object will be 
 thankfully received. 
 
 With respect to the Hindoostanee branch, consisting only of three 
 youths, it is simply needful to remark, that it was discontinued in Fe- 
 bruary last, at the same time with another small Hindoostanee day 
 School, in consequence of instructions from the Directors, who had resolv- 
 ed on abandoning the idea of making any efforts among this class of peo- 
 ple, as once intended ; judging that such efforts must necessarily weaken 
 others more important. These Children, before being dismissed receiv- 
 ed each a manuscript copy of two Catechisms in his own hand writing, and 
 to each of the elder boys was given a copy of Martyn’s HindoostaneeTes- 
 taraent. The Central School boys in particular had received very consi- 
 derable advantages ; and were sufficiently well acquainted with the 
 outlines of divine truth, to afford at least a possibility, that what they 
 learnt in youth may not be forgotten, nor prove entirely without benefit 
 to them, in future years. 
 
44 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 mr. THE CENTRAL SCHOOL. tfv. 
 
 
 Rs. 
 
 a. p . 
 
 Rs. a p. 
 
 To Balance due to the 
 
 
 
 By Subscriptions received 
 
 Treasurer as by ac- 
 
 
 
 as per list 500 0 0 
 
 count published on 
 
 
 
 By Amount bor- 
 
 May 1st, 1826, 
 
 33 
 
 7 8 
 
 rowed from the , n 
 
 To Amount expended on 
 
 
 
 London Missi- > 549 3 0 
 
 Tamil & Hindoostanee 
 
 
 
 onary Society. ) 
 
 Branch to Feb. 15th, 
 
 
 
 Less Balance in ) n 0 
 
 1826, and on Tamil 
 
 
 
 hand 1 9 I 5 8 
 
 Branch since that date 
 
 
 
 539 3 4 
 
 for Moonshees, Cook, 
 
 
 
 
 and Peon. 
 
 416 
 
 0 0 
 
 
 Clothes 
 
 42 
 
 10 6 
 
 
 Provisions .... 
 
 403 
 
 8 3 
 
 
 Rent, 
 
 68 
 
 15 0 
 
 
 Stationary .... 
 
 6 
 
 5 11 
 
 
 Printing the 2d 
 
 
 
 
 Report 
 
 21 
 
 4 0 
 
 
 Sundries 
 
 17 
 
 0 0 
 
 
 Rupees. .1039 
 
 3 4 
 
 Rupees. .1039 3 4 
 
 July 7, 1827. Edm. CRISP, 
 
 Treasurer. 
 
 We have examined the above account and do find that it is correct — 
 and that on July 7th, 1827, the sum of 549 - 3 had been borrowed from 
 the London Missionary Society of which sum M.Rs. 9-15-8 then remained 
 as a balance in the hands of the Treasurer. G. VANSOMEREN. 
 
 E. MAHONY. 
 
 SUBSCRIBERS TO THE CENTRAL SCHOOL SINCE MAY 1st, 1826. 
 
 J. F. Thomas Esq. . . . 
 
 
 Lieut. O’Connel . . . , 
 
 
 J. P 
 
 
 D. Leighton Esq.. . . 
 
 
 Mr. W. Nailer 
 
 
 J. Dalzell Esq 
 
 
 Seth Sam Esq 
 
 15 0 o 
 
 Captain Sim 
 
 15 0 o 
 
 Captain Harkness . . 
 
 
 W. Oliver Esq. . . . . . 
 
 
 Lieut. Col. Cadell.. 
 
 
 J. NisbetEsq 
 
 
 Mr. Mahony Rups 
 
 25 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 Mr. Jeremiah 
 
 15 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 Lieut. Cochrane 
 
 30 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 James Thomas Esq 
 
 25 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 John Thomas Esq 
 
 25 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 J. G. Turnbull Esq 
 
 50 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 Lieut. R. J. Nixon 
 
 20 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 Capt. Stoddard H. M.Ship 
 
 
 
 
 Champion 
 
 30 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 Rupees 500 0 0 
 
appendix. 
 
 45 
 
 (B) 
 
 |Hi00ioitat» dFtee &c!jool0. 
 
 The Subscribers and Donors to the Black Town Missionary Free- 
 Schools are respectfully presented with an Abstract of the Expenditure 
 and Receipts, during the past year, exhibiting a balance against the 
 Schools of Rupees 16 5 8. 
 
 The Missionaries beg leave to tender their very grateful thanks to the 
 Supporters of the Schools, by whose assistance these valuable institu- 
 tions have been carried forward. They solicit a kind continuance of 
 that support, with further aid from the benevolent who have not as yet 
 had their attention directed to these charities. 
 
 It has been found necessary to request the Directors of the Missionary 
 Society to cancel the sum of 200 Rupees, out of a loan taken up from 
 their funds. A liberal donation during the past year provided the means 
 of re-paying the remaining 100 Rups. of that loan ; and also of making 
 some much needed repairs in both Schools ; particularly that of the boys, 
 which was new floored and otherwise improved at the beginning of the 
 present year. 
 
 A few subscriptions have failed during the year, by Subscribers re- 
 moving from the Presidency or its neighbourhood. It will be seen that 
 the subscriptions do not alone equal the disbursements ; and, that hence 
 there is need of occasional donations or of additional subscriptions to 
 supply the deficiency. It is also desirable to add something to the rate 
 of salary received by the Master during the last two or three years. It 
 is hoped therefore that in requesting some further assistance an appeal 
 will not be made in vain. 
 
 The number of boys in the school is at present 79, the average attend- 
 ance about 60. The number of girls in the Female School is 60 and the 
 average attendance 40. The same course of education, as explained 
 in former statements, is continued ; combining the ordinary elements of a 
 common School instruction, with the principles of Religion, and blending 
 as far as practicable the systems of Bell and Lancaster.— Since the last 
 statement in May 1826, sixty boys have left the School for various 
 purposes and forty-six others have during the same time been admitted. 
 Of the girls 11 have left : and 14 have been admitted. The total number 
 of boys who have been received into the school since the commence- 
 ment is 787, and of the girls 364. Many of these are now in useful sta- 
 tions of life and having been, some of them the children of the poorest 
 parents, they would in all probability have otherwise been left to utter 
 
46 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 ignorance, and perhaps to vice and wretchedness. As far as has been 
 hitherto understood, the instructions received in these schools have had 
 a salutary moral influence on those who have passed through them. As 
 the children are habituated to strict order, diligence and attention, they 
 acquire habits which grow up with them ; and these are calculated not 
 only to promote their temporal welfare, but also, it is hoped, to prepare 
 their minds for the reception of more important blessings. 
 
 Such being the case, these schools are committed not without hope 
 and confidence to the further patronage of their supporters ; and of other 
 benevolent persons into whose hands this paper may come. 
 
 Madras, June 1827. 
 
 List of Donors and Subscribers. 
 
 DONATIONS. Rups. 
 
 Lieut. Gen. Sir. G. Martindale through Capt. Hervey, 
 
 Bengal Army 
 
 W. Scott, Esq 
 
 A. Friend 
 
 Lieut. Booker 
 
 Mrs. E. Wheatley, nine pieces of cloth for the children 
 valued at Rupees, 
 
 200 
 
 20 
 
 10 
 
 25 
 
 50 
 
 SUBSCRIPTIONS. 
 
 D. Hill, Esq monthly 
 
 J. Shamier Esq . . 
 
 J. A. Arbuthnot Esq. 
 
 Estate of J. D’Monte Esq 
 
 J. A. Dalzell Esq. annually 
 
 Captain J. Purton, 
 
 Mrs. Smith, Arcot . 
 
 Mrs. Stephens, monthly 
 
 Rev. G. J. Laurie, 
 
 Mrs. Taylor, 
 
 Rev. C. Traveller, qtly 
 
 Mr. E. Mahony, monthly, 
 
 Mr. J. Blandford, 
 
 Mr. A. B. Boswell 
 
 Mr. J. Maddox • . • 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 43 
 
 42 
 
 42 
 
 42 
 
 H 
 
 H 
 
 H 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
Dr. Abstract of Receipts and Expenditure for the Free Schools from 1 st June 1826, to 31 st May 1827. C&. 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
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 47 
 
 We hare examined this account, and do find at the closing of the same on the 31st of May 1827, that there was a balance in 
 favor of the Treasurer of Rupees 16, 5, 8, and balance of a loan of Rupees 300 made by the Loudon Missionary Society and stul 
 due by the schools of Rupees 200— on the other hand that there are Monthly Subscriptions due to the schools in arrears Rupees 14. 
 June 26, 1827. G. VANSOMEREN. 
 
 ’ E. MAHONY. 
 
48 
 
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APPENDIX. 
 
 49 
 
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50 
 
 APPEND IX. 
 
 Donation to the Work-House bv J. W. Russel Esq. Rs. 50 
 ,, for charitable distribution j 'su } ~ 210 
 
 Donation to native Schools, 
 
 bv C. A. Thompson Esq. 42 
 
 ,, hir. McTavish 20 
 
 ,, Mr. G. A. Thomson 67 
 
 ,, T. Newnham Esq .40 
 
 ,, G. M. Ogilvie Esq 100 
 
 209 
 
 Donations for contingencies by Native Christians 
 in the Indigo works 
 
 by J oseph Thomas 
 
 A Communicant 
 
 Monthly Subscriptions to the Native Schools. 
 
 J. W. Russel Esq 
 
 J. Haig Esq 
 
 C. A. Thompson Esq. 
 
 W. Geddes Esq. 
 
 Monthly Subscription to the Mission 
 
 G. J. Waters Esq 
 
 20 
 
 4 
 
 24 
 
 30 
 
 14 
 
 7 
 
 50 
 
 (E.) 
 
 Donations and subscriptions towards the erection of a 
 Bungalow Mission Chapel at. Tripassoru 
 
 J. Nisbet Esq 135 0 0 
 
 do. second donation ioo 0 0 
 
 G. M aters Esq 40 0 0 
 
 Madras Auxiliary Missionary Society 200 0 0 
 
 Rev. W. Taylor *25 0 0 
 
 Lieutenant R. J. Nixon by do. 30 0 0 
 
 Lieutenant Farmer 4 o 0 
 
 Friends at. Bangalore by Rev. J. \S . Massic.. .. 150 0 0 
 
 Rev. J. Hands ^ - 15 o 0 
 
 Rlr. B. H. Paine ! iO t> <> 
 
 A Friend. I | o 0 0 
 
 Mr. G Ross r from B< ilury irt 0 0 
 
 ,, ,f. Ross. ; 7 o 0 
 
 ., G. Walton | 5 0 0 
 
 A Friend. J 5 0 0 
 
 Rev. C. Traveller 14 0 0 
 
 Mr. .5. Maddox 10 o 0 
 
 Miss E. Maddox 3 fl 0 
 
 Rupees 783 8 0 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 51 
 
 Serjeant F. Eager.. 14 0 0 
 
 » S. Ince 20 8 0 
 
 » Lang 4 o 0 
 
 >. T. Kelly 8 0 0 
 
 „ A. Darby 9 12 0 
 
 ,, VV. Grimes 4 o 0 
 
 Corporal J. Hales 4 7 0 
 
 „ VV. Lunn 4 8 0 
 
 ,, W. Boyd 5 0 0 
 
 Private J. Pitt. 5 8 0 
 
 ,, VV. Wilson 3 0 0 
 
 » W. Bailey 6 0 0 
 
 E. Mepharn, 3 0 0 
 
 „ W. W he L ie 4 0 0 
 
 „ Reynolds 3 0 0 
 
 „ P. Turner. 3 8 0 
 
 „ VV. Young 5 0 0 
 
 „ VV. Pearsall 3 0 0 
 
 ,, T. Knight 4 8 0 
 
 A Church Balance 6 8 2 
 
 Sundry smaller Subscriptions. .. . 40 4 3 
 
 Do. additional.. 10 8 0 
 
 Rupees 955 7 5 
 
 Capt. VV. Carmichael Smith 1st Lt. Cav. . . . . . . 50 0 0 
 
 Capt. Biddle, Artillery 20 0 0 
 
 Capt. Buchannan 1st Lt. Cav ....* 10 0 0 
 
 Lieut. Joseph 6th N. I 10 0 0 
 
 Lieut. Noble 40th N. 1 ...... ...... 10 0 0 
 
 Serjt Major. Symonds, Fort St. George 3 0 0 
 
 . Total Rupees.. 1058 7 5 
 
 kujscriptions to the Madras Auxiliary Missionary Society from 
 Iripassore \st January to 30th September 1827 . 
 Serjeant F. Eager \ 5 8 0 
 
 ” ince. j2 0 0 
 
 »* A. Darby 5 0 0 
 
 >. G. Lang. . ’ 4 0 0 
 
 Corporal Boyd 2 0 0 
 
 11 J- Hailes. ty q 
 
 Private P. Turner 1 00 
 
 ” t ■*** I « 0 
 
 ” f “ 1 8 0 
 
 ” t ,r aves 1 0 0 
 
 11 r>. Hares , ,> n 
 
 .1. ciii . : 1 o 
 
 •• 1 1 « 
 
 „ U . \ • ’ 0 Q 
 
 ” ”* Crow, j 08 0 
 
 Rupees. 50 0 0 
 
52 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 (F.) 
 
 DONATIONS AND SUBSCRIPTIONS TO THE 
 
 MADRAS AUXILIARY MISSIONARY SOCIETY, 1826-7. 
 
 R. A. P. R. A. P. 
 
 Mr. J. P. Bartles, 0 0 
 
 Mr. John Bilderbeck, 0 0 
 
 Mr. Deputy Assistant Corny. Braddock, 10 0 
 
 M isses Bi rd, 1 0 
 
 S. Boutflour, Esq 5 0 
 
 Mr. Conductor Blandford, 0 0 
 
 Mrs. Bristow 7 0 
 
 Mr. P. Carstairs, 0 0 
 
 Catherine and Caroline, 1 0 
 
 Mr. H. Clamp 0 0 
 
 Captain Cleaveland, 7 8 
 
 M rs. Cleaveland 7 8 
 
 Mrs. J. Collins, .. 1 0 
 
 Mrs. Cropley, . 2 0 
 
 Mrs. Cunningham, 7 0 
 
 Mr. K B. Daly, . 10 0 
 
 M iss DeMeuron 0 0 
 
 M iss Delamotte 0 0 
 
 Mr. T. Fair 0 0 
 
 Mr. Fraser 0 0 
 
 A Friend 5 0 
 
 A Friend 4 0 
 
 A. Friend 1 0 
 
 Mrs. Godfrey. 1 0 
 
 Mr. J. M. Good, 0 0 
 
 Mr. J. Green, 0 0 
 
 Mr. Gregory,... 0 0 
 
 J. S. Hall, Esq. annual 0 0 
 
 Mr. W. Hunter, 0 0 
 
 Mr. J. Jeremiah, 0 0 
 
 Mr. D. Johnston, 0 0 
 
 Mr. F. Johnson, 0 0 
 
 Serjeant and Mrs. Kline, 3 5 
 
 J. Lawder, Esq. annual 30 0 
 
 MissLoyde, 0 8 
 
 Mr. T. Lionel, 2 0 
 
 James Lewis, from the Soldiers of H. 
 M. 13th Light Dragoons, 
 
 0 10 0 
 0 0 4 0 
 
 0 10 0 
 0 0 0 0 
 0 0 0 0 
 0 10 0 
 0 0 0 0 
 
 0 10 0 
 0 0 0 0 
 0 0 8 0 
 0 0 0 0 
 0 0 0 0 
 0 0 0 0 
 0 0 0 0 
 0 0 0 0 
 
 0 0 0 0 
 0 0 8 0 
 0 0 4 0 
 
 0 0 8 0 
 0 0 4 0 
 
 0 0 0 0 
 0 0 0 0 
 0 0 0 0 
 
 0 0 0 0 
 0 0 8 0 
 0 0 10 0 
 0 0 8 0 
 
 0 35 0 0 
 
 0 10 0 
 
 0 10 0 
 0 10 0 
 0 0 8 0 
 
 0 0 0 0 
 
 0 0 0 0 
 0 0 0 0 
 0 0 0 0 
 
 0 0 0 0 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 53 
 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 8 
 
 0 
 
 Mr. E. Mabony, 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 2 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 Mrs. Mandeville, 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 2 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 Mr. H. Mogg, 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Nailer, ...... 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 10 
 
 0 
 
 Mr. J. Nisbet Esq 
 
 50 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 Mrs. Poble, annual 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 12 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 Miss Powney 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 8 
 
 0 
 
 Miss Powney 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 8 
 
 0 
 
 S :rjent Major Ramsbottom, .... .... 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 Mr. Rebeiro, 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 C. H. Rebeiro, 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 The Rev. Dr. Rottler, 
 
 15 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 Miss Robson, 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 8 
 
 0 
 
 Mr. C. Sampie, 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 Mr. T. L. Sherman 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 10 
 
 0 
 
 Mr. 6. G. Sherman, .... 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 10 
 
 0 
 
 Mrs. Smith,. 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 8 
 
 0 
 
 Mr. T. A . Stevens, 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 8 
 
 0 
 
 Mr. R. Stevenson, 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 8 
 
 0 
 
 Miss Strange 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 Serjeant Major Symonds, 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 8 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 Soldiers by Ditto, 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 2 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 Mrs. Taylor, annual 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 12 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 The Rev. C. Traveller, annual 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 25 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 Subscriptions from Tripassore, 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 50 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 Mr. G. Vansomeren 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 Mr. P. Vansomeren, 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 8 
 
 0 
 
 Miss E. S. Vansomeren 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 8 
 
 0 
 
 Miss A. J. Vansomeren, 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 8 
 
 0 
 
 Mrs. Col. Vaughan, annual 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 21 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 Private W allace, 
 
 3 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 Mr. R. Webb, 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 8 
 
 0 
 
 Miss Webb, 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 Mis3 M. Webb, 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 Miss C. Webb, 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 Miss C. Webb, 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 Mrs. E. Wheatley, 
 
 30 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 Mr, Wilson, 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 

 
 
 
 ’'a 
 
 
 
 ! 
 
 
 
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