w V 1 ♦ Elision ^CC Sctttoo ^alo^ \ TITLES / 4 -■■ of /A '<>/<< t ^' f,rM y. HONOR By fohn Selderu, Lueiliiis. Tcrfim non euro legere: Ltlium Decimum vale, London, ^William Stanshj for John Helme, and are tobc fold at bis fliop in S. Dunftans Church-yard. M. DC. XIV. 'To my moft beloued Friend and C!himhrfelloia> , M * Edward HejWard. • Sir, Had I not been fuch a remote Gran- ger to Greatnes,yet, beyond you,fcarce jfhould I hauefoughta Name to Honor this place. Being, as fortune hath plac'tmee, I well could not, without charging my Free- dome of ipirit wkh what , as the worfl in Manners, it euer hated ^Flatter ie% But I was refolu'd, that, as the .Architecture of olde Temples, you know, was either T>orique, foniyue, or Corinthian according to the Dei- ty's feuerall nature , fo in analogie, mould Gifts cf this kind be to the R eceiuers,& that Bookes mould moft fitly be confecrated to truelouersof Goodnesand a ! i,<>ood Lear* ning, 1 would call Sooks oneiy thofe which haue in them either of the two obieels of Mans bell; part,^ rum orHonHw, and to an a z in> intruding purpofe handled, not what euer ■onely fpeaks in Print and hath itslitle worth ending in its many words. In this of Adine dealing wkhVerum chien*y,in matter of Sto* rie and T J hilo!ogie, I giueyou the greater!: intereft, that in a thing of fo Publique n'c>ht may beenioyed. Your more noble Studies, Vertue, Learning,andy our Loue,to what euer is in thofe Names, made you moll: ca- pable of it. And tofpeake here freely, the fpeciall worth of your Qualitieandoffome more ( lut'i, melioris) com p neffe of Spirit, DarmgignGrance 3 Bewitcht fight, worft of inclination , exprefsions of fcarce more that's net Beftiall then what Clothes and Coffers can, and the like haue made me, I confefle, doubt intheTheorie of Nature, whether all known by the name of M a n as the lowed Species bee of one forme. So Generous,fo Ingenuous/o pro- por* portion'd to good,fuch Fofterers ofVertue, io Induftrious, of fuch Mould are the Few: fo Inhuman, fo Blind, fo Diffembling,fo Vain, fo iuftly Nothing,but what's 111 dif- pofition,aretheik/oi?. Our long focietie of life,and the lpecial Defert,which you know you may truly challenge of my Endeuors, entitled You to k as from Mee. Neuer lhall I not confeffe you to haue been to me aV «/¥**«)! t/$2«/>*. Some yeer fince it was flnifh't, wanting,only in fome parts,my laft hand; which was then preuented by my dangerous and tedious ficknelle^ being thence freed (^as you know too, that were a continuall, moltfriendly.and earefull wit- nelfe ) by the Bounteous humanitie and aduifeofthat learned Phifician Doctor Ro- bert Floyd ("whom my Memorie alwaies honors} I was at length made able toperfit it. And thus I employd the breathing times, which from the fo different ftudies a 2 of of my Profeffion, were allowed mee. Nor hath the Prouerbiall aflfertion, that the La- dy Qomrnon Law muft ly alone, euer wrought with mee farther then like a Badge of his Familie, to whom ("by the teftimonie of the wifeit man ) euery way feems full of Thome 's , and that vfes to excufe his labour with a Lion's in the way. I call you not my Patron. Truth in my References, Lively- hood in my Coniectures, and the whole Com* poflure (halbe in fteed of One,and ofall elfe which,like inuocations of Titulina-> } might be vfed. 1 1 comes to you only, that, if it liue, it may be an enduring teftimonie of our Loues and your De/ert. Happinefle euer fecond yourwifhes. Vine dm nojlri Tignus mentor ahile Votu with you, at the Inner Temple , Septemb. xxi II. CIO. DC. xiv„ To that Angular Glory of cur Nation and Light ol^Britaine^, CM. Camden Ciarencculx. l^fwn^i c /a>j5z Trims ' K&Jvpai'&A *lzsn £fa> f.Seldenl E 1 2 ONOMA2TIKON HPQHW ?/A0MW7«TKlfiANNOT^2IAOAOTNOT Htm nm£A97r7;$ 7rD7i£ (tf^tnoiQ 7rt\ and prais'd fome names too Bur V.vaSjWith purpofe,co haue made them fuch. Since,bcing deceiud, I tui ne a (harper eye Vpon my fclfc , and aske, to whome, and why, And what I write; and vexe it* manic dayes, Before men get a verfe, much lefle a prayfe. So, that my leader is affur'd, I now Mcanc what I fpeake; and,Uill,will keepe that vow, Stand forth my objc£V,then. You,that haue been Euer at home, yet haue all Countries feene 5 And,!ikcaCompafTe, kecpingone footftill Vpon your center, do your circle rill Ofgcncrali knowledge^ watch'd men 3 manners tooj Heard,whatpafl times haue (aid ;/ecn, what oursdo* Which GracethM I make loueto firft I your skill ? Or faith in things? O^is'cyourwealtbjand will To informc,and teach ?Or 3 yourvn wearied paine Of gatnring? Bountie'in pouring outagainc ? What Fables haue you vcx'd/WhatTruthredecmd/ Antiq uitiesfcarch'd ! Opinions difeffcem'd / Impodurcs branded, and Authorities vrgd / What Blots & Errors haue you watch'd,and purg d Records and Authors of / How rectified Timcs,Maniiers,Cuftomcs / Innouacions fpied / Sought out the Fountaines,Sourccs,Creckcs 5 Paths, And noted the Bcginnings,and Dccayes/ (Wayes/ Where is thatnominall Marke,orreall Rite, Forme, Art,or Enfignc, that hath fcap d your fight > How How arc Traditions there examine / How Conjectures rctriu'd / And a Storie, now And then,of times (befide the bare condud Of what it tells vs) weau'd in,to inftruft / I wonder' d at the richncffe : but,am loft, To fee the workmanfhip fo exceed the coft. To marke the excellent feas nings of your flile, And mafculine elocution ; not one while With horror rough, then rioting with wit • But, to the fubied, itill the colours fit : In (harpncfTe of all fearch, wifdome of choice, Newncfreoffcnfe,antiquitic of voice. Iyeeld,Iyeeld. The Matter of your pray fe FJowcs in vpon me $ and I cannot rayfe A banke againft it : Nothing, but the round Large clafpeof 2Vature y fucha wit can bound. CMomrch in Letters ! 'Mongft thy Titles (ho wne. Of others Honors \ thus, enioy thine owne. I,firft, falute thee fo : and gratulate, With that thy Style,thy keeping of thy State, In offring this thy Worke to no Great Name ; That wou Id perhaps haue praifd^&thank'd the fame, But nought beyond. He, thou haft giu'n it to, Thy learned Chamber-fellow, knowes to do It truerefpe&s. Hewil^notonlyjouc, Embrace ; and cberifh $ but,he can approue And cftimate thy paines: as hauing wrooght In the rich mines of knowledge, and thence brought Humanitie inough, to be a Friend, And ftrcngth, to be a Champion, and defend b 2 Thy Thy gifc'gainft Enuic.O, how I doc count Amongft my commings in (and fee it mount) The gainc of two fuch Friendfhips; Heywar^and Seldertytwo Names, that fo much vnderftand : On whome, I could take vp (and nerc abu (c The credit) what would furniQi a tenth M»fe. But here's nor time,nor placc,my wealth to tell ; You both arc modeft : fo am I. Farewell. The Th e Preface, Contents of it. Gentry or Ciuili Nobility. Children like their Parents Degenerating IiTues. Some haue rebelled onely one Sex in the Difcent. Paradogium. Temple of Honor and Virtue. Images, wherein the eld Nobility s/ Rome conftfted* Carrying thofe Images m Funeralls. Images annext (as we fay) to the Frebold. Ennobling by the Emperors. Nobility of the Grecians. Their regard to the Name. Names of the Romans, and the Impositi- on of Names . The Gothique Hanfes . The Trercga* tine of the old Sueuians to be m the Tantgard ; at alfo of our Kentifhmen, and thofe of Wiltftiire, vnih Corn- wall and Deuonfhire, to be in the %ere . Coat Ar- mors. JVhen they began to be born hereditarily . The Fatent of Rich. 1 1. to John of Kingfton , giving him a Coat , and making htm Efquire . Certain Notes of Generous Families mongFl the Romans and ether- an- cients. The Autors bearing himfelf in thidtVorh^ fr^*^, Interpretation of one of Pythagoras his Symbols. Of the Sophi . lus Canillitij of the old French King: x TpWP&X* 7 * 1 • f ^ ot Epigram to our William the firft y Cadariem } Cx far ,&c. exp land. Bearing of 'pre before [erne Princes anciently. Some old but obfolet Enfignes of the Empire. Sealing in white Wax. Fir ft beginning of the profeffton of the Roman Ciuiil Lawes in the Weftero parts about c D L, jeers ftnre; In Bologna. Not I ay? full to read them as a ^Profejfor elfe where then in RGine ; Conftantinople, or Berytus, ^Iuftinisns conftituticn. The firft volume of the Canon Law, when made. The anfwer of Robert GrolTeteft to Henry in. queftiemng him how he could fo well vftrutl yong Cur tiers, BLeffe me Mercuric from thy old Fmmie^ the Da- ring Ignorant / / know his hate to thee. And when h 3 he The Preface. he would fcem to hue, asfometimes he would,yet is he as vnhappie in performing wbafs due tothee,astfhefhould facrifice with a cole black be aft, to the darkefl night, the thro.it pre (I downward, to thy brother Apollo , or then forfafetieof bisfljccp or gam, with blond to thee, when a Av.th.vcr then 2 ' art Epig.*.cap.tf. * E( , r% t1k ^ % ¥ Beft pleafd X'jLifovjVgji S/vfoy eanvJ^^fjQ- MtMw. with &iill and Hmy ' Thou knowfl the vnfitneffe of * Both \ and Him . / could not but wrong thy honor ,f/;ould I Jo neer mention of thy Name, /peak to him. Thy worth, from him, pro! eel mee ! To all thy ingenuous fauontes, in thy pre/ence , as thou direclelt melius. Out of the Title, Tableman J Contents of the chapters (you hane them prefently after this Pre- face) the Summc and Method dtfeouer t he mf elites. The Purpofe extended from the Higheft title to Gen- trie, exclufiuely . That of Centric , or the fame in ano- ther word, Ciuill Nobility, is, by which, as the firfi de- gree abcue the ^Multitude , an honoring difttnftion is made , either by acquisition yfowz the Prince ( euerie Prince or State, hmin* genera'/ Power to make Lawes in tl eir Territorte, may ennoble) or by Difccnt from Noble Ancestors. Or indeed you may not am iff e comprehend h rcdirnrfc Nobilitic in that fir ft kind,becau(e aGcn- tltman, by birth ^ is not only (b in regard of his ^yince* Jlors 9 See] quia, ob cam OrigJneffl, Princcps ilium blKC.th.de fuis legibus nobilitat, as b Barto) will hute it. The incolU /.«?. Prince, as it were, fuppofing that if the Father be No- b It, the i fine willrefemble him. which the Pcrfians were confident on , vehere the Queen was neuer f'o much as fuf- fyiuliens. The Preface, fu(pected c of incontinence, becaufe the King was ahvaies . ejleemd of fo truly royall parts, that the Nature of ' hir a bhde&. iffue by 'another •, would difcouer ifty.ee had changd the Father \ as, on the other fide , the Spartan Ephori most iealoudy garded their Queens, lesi any but of Hercules posisntie foould gouern : both States concluding Nobili- tic from their Anceftors worth, which hath its ground in the naturallfuppofition of LkeneiTe twixt Children and thoje which get them . KfcJ y*i I pi) Uwk (fith & AriltOtlc ) tc*{ Tor&W nh] Tf'ww 7iv& rifzs \ji y /. For, d D ? General. one not like his Parents is, in feme fort, a Monfter, f* : * ai '*' that is, not like him that got him 7 nor any other of the of e Dc hac re cendw? or tranfuerfe line i becaufe its thought J hat, in the ; n P lhnis ccn ~ Seed are alwaies potentially feuerall inaiuiauating e Qua. ^ Ha6 Lxunn „ hties deriudfrom di iters of the necre Anceftors,which by tim Anatomic the for matiue power of the Parents may be exprcflinihe f^'J™^ * Children, with r both are euen equally to be re ■ p«T*7* a apud earded* The Confequent ofihiswaslonvfrncedifbuted q«»osinA£rf«r- tnthatoftnc Minds inclination follows tne Boaics ft ieit Nobih- Tempcraturc; whereof Galen hath afpecialiTreatife. tJs,necnon adi But becaufe this likeneffc is oft times to a remote Ante- V pl f^ m ^l n n i i I r • r .' / J. $ ■ ad MiMicifX- Jfor, &s well as the Father, ihere/ore, ttfecms, u thefj-e- Um\ feptem ciall re'/ard to bee had to the number of Difcents in F an »lias Ln ~ Gen trie . Hee that is jo both Zvytyi* and Tuw<*> l. both upfmut^n.u. d i tended from truly Koble Parentage, and wxha'l fo\~ wfi i • & rira- lowing their fteps, or adding to their 2{,me , is the ^f ;f A ~f "~ Gen- §. iQ.&k^ The Preface. h M-ixim.Tyr. Vialexjtf. i tiemtta in Vit.Pontific. k IuuenaL Satyr. 8. I Lucmus in pa?iegrico. Gentleman that may lawfully glorie in his Title. ?(j* bilttie in him being rightly » A^rh y'mt, the Virtue of his Father s , from whom hee deriud what hec means to propagat. So } t he f "direr is his worth, becaufe *?5*fw>», as one " fayes, A7ro tjk Ap«7>K, &>V i* wyTis Kdt&Lptf, yvmsos yuvi, i. it flowing, from Virtue, as from a pure Spring, continues genuin, and like the firft head. But, the Anceflors j^obilitie in a degenerating iflue, giues no more true Glorie, then Phoebus hU name did to PP, Sixtus Quintus , who was wont to iejl on himfelfe^ that he was » domo natus illuftri, becaufe, beeing of very mean Parentage, he was born in fo totter d a houfe t that the roof euery where admitted the Sunne beams. Cur k Allobrogicis,& magna gaudcatara Natus in Hcrculeo Fabius I are, fi cupidus, Ci Vanus & Euganea quantumuis mollior agna I \^dnd — — Perit l omnis in illo Nobilit "as, cuius laus eft in Origine fbla. So that, Mem by Qualitic J?oth in the fir fi acquiring the Princes fauor, and in his ijjue, are the true caufes 0/ No- bilitie, as if the original! collation of the Dignitiewere fo made, that the firfi defermng,and his begotten heires, fuch only at were deferring, (hould enioy it : and then is the Ciuilians definition of it enough comprehenftue, that it is qualitas illata per Principatum tencntcm, qua quis vltra plcbcios honcftos acceptus oftenditur, which many Canonifisalfo follow, andfo will it include fit The Preface* as well that which the barbarous Chilians call Paradogi- nm (by mif 'reading for m Paragium , as moft learned m confitjeud. Cuiacius perfnades mee , that is , Feudall Nobilitie, *-4!fwV«*- grounded on pojfefing a Noble Fief, whence the tenant L h w . Alias iso- ts one of the Pares Curtis) as Perfonall honor. Virtue bilitandi cau- /to// ennobleth not chilly ', to * a deferring caufe of it ^lf}%^* only, w her of the Prince muft iuJg e. if Ho n o r ^tfaf ^V- *» c. t/*,<& d rg. ferutng Vertue accempwie not each other , its his Fault L ' M uhcm. or Error. They ftoeidd ahvaietfo. Ax d ihey were Tem- ple- fcllowes m old Rome. Bene (fayes n one) ac /a pi- « $y*macb. enter Maioresnoftri, vt funt alia gratis illius, jEdes llt ' l ' E P t J Ul - Honors atque ^/V//tf/gcmella facie iunftim locarunt; commenti,ibi eflcpraemia Honoris vbi funt Merita Virtutis. But in ancient Rome //wNobilcs^M/ag" not vnworthie to be here noted) were only thoje which could /hero the Images effuch their ^inceftcrs , as had born a State Office (the Jcdilitas CuruYis, or any aboue it) which were of IVax ° exprefing the Face and Bo die o Volyb.mfl.t. only to thefkoulders , kept euery one in fener all cafes of vb *^ b *\i* Wood or Clofets y and fubferibd with the ntme of thc^ Dead(they c did it Titulus ^r Index) and additions of his Pi tee or particular Worthy as? G. Caffius hisjrhich P T^ittaAn- one of the Familie kept vnder^QVO Jjad D FC I P/4R- naLl6 ' TIP M± or DVX, as out of a Ms. Tacitus, Lipfius notes . And thefe were carried at the Funerall of him that had them as his Enfignes of Nobdttie. The Relation of Drufus his Funerall giues a moft fpcciallform of it. Funus Imaginum pompa (faith Tacitus) maxime inluftre fine, cum Origo Iulise Genris >4 /£neas,orn- nc r que Albanorum Rcges & Conditor Vrbis Ro- mulus, poftSabinaNobilir as, Appius {or q Atta) q ^tfadAnn. c Claufus, The Preface. Ciaufu3,c£ter£queClaudiorum effigies longo ordi- DC fpeftarentur. There were alfo other Images $f No- ble Parentage fet with affix t jp tiles of the enemie for Trophies of Vnt*e about the Entries and bafe Courts, which were fir annex t to the Freehold (as our phrafeii) that they fxft alwaies in conueyance of the Houfe, neither was it lawfull for the Buyer to deface them : Eratque fc^c ftimulatio {are Plinies words) fummaet ingens, cxprobrantibus te&is, cjuotidie imbcllem Domi- num intrarc in alienum triumphum. AndasReuer- fmg of Coats, or the like, hath been in later Times, jo with them the Images, of men condemned capitally for matter again ft the State, or cenfurd in fuch a Degree, were bro- ken,or,atle(l,omitted in their pompous Funeralls. There, fore in the lafl Rites perform d to Iunia, wife to C.Caf- ftus, and fifer to M. Brutus, w»£/7 the Images oftwen* tie feucrall IS^oble Families , Calfius and Brutus were not born, yet prsefulgebant,^/ hefayes ofthem s eo ipfo quod effigies eorumnon vifebantur. One of 'thefts Images gaucNobditic. Ancum Sabma Matreortum (foLiuk) Nobilemqucviui Imagine Numae. Th^j reft which were fir jl in thofe Magiflr tries were homines Noui, and this distinction was both in the Patricij and Plcbcij. Bf4t, vndertheCcfwxQWi Empire, thebeflow- ingof Co\\[v\nx Ornaments, and the like^fupplidin di- uers,ihe Magi (trade it f elf, and the Emperors fo did en- noble by Ivefcript or Patent, as iifcems by that of Ccl- fus aProfefforofthc Arts in Rome, whom Thcodoli- rfymmnb h ^ r a^ a( J iuc Jj carc NobilibllS, r c. tit.de Pignorc Dignitatis, cum pr^rogatiua Icilicct Loniu- Trofeff. a pp. j ar j # A nt l the like, by [email c Confiitutions, was riucn The rreface. to many, whofe iffues only, by the an cienter forme, were Noble, themfelues only Noui. \^4s in Rome the Imagi- nes, or ius Imaginum, were the onlyEnfignes of here- ditarie Nobilitie,/* in Greece the defcent,fiom Noble Ancejlorsjreferuedi whence their Gentlemen were calld -Ewalfifcu, u dilcended from worthie Parentagc,:^/a& was noted in the particular names of their Noble Tribes, as,in Athens, /'#/£,to the making vp of Noble 'ffe, c in whofe pofleritie,was a Concurrence of ■ Demslb.in Twos, YlaiSuci, and fywav l^n^iv^drm nwM& 3 i. Birth, E- etPhto'mAl-** ducation, Wcontinuallaffedationofgood Studies, cib.d. But how much honor confifled mongl'i them, feed ally in the Name,apptars alfo in that 0/Pixodorus apoorefhep- heard, one ofwhofe Rammes y in fight, miftng his aduer- farie,Jiruck on aftone,and,breahngof a piece, difcouerd it mojl white and fit for building of liana's Temple, a- bout which, and of what kind of fione to make it, the E- phefian St ate, at that infiant, fate in Cdttncell, wher up- on hee prefently came into their Court , and /hewed the piece. They, to honor him with publt que rewards, chan- ged hu name u tnto Euangelus, to whom, after his u Vmun.iib^ death, a.yeerly facrifice was made in the place. You may I f'rf^/ln u : remember the left vpon wealthie Simon by Lucians fauftammti- Cock,inlhat bethought himfelf, becaufe hee was ?rown at - De mmni " very rich,worthie now *vt\ /Waa£« t^^JkkclQ^ uvata. n uiia,part t u to hauea name of fourcfyllables in ftccdof one of pag.67. two fy\hbks,tbat is,I think,Simonides,becaufeitwai loth a name of honorable note , and as a Patronymique txpre(swg fome Noble difcent. There are which makes the Tria, nominal Rome a note of their Nobilities. C 2 To The Preface. x r)c\'om:nU To that purpofe doth Calderin interpret Iuuenals bus Romano/rum t-i - •» • xt • »./. Titus Pn>bus ~ ' lanquam habeas tna Nomina which u (fiueuftlu&xu rather indeed to be exprejl in, as if you were an In- X {hnui TbA* ' & enHU * or Libcrtus , or as if you were a free Man : **twcfL)cQjif** which fi:s well the place, us the learned Politian wills. Undm, ah. At- f 0r the hauing of three Names was not common either to luVScaliger ^ Times, or all Perfons.of the Free or Noble Roman?, iniib.i.dccauf. but fome had Two only, us Numa, Hoftius Hoftilius, ^qwmumm in ancimer tme > others 0ne > ** Romulus, Remus, f.mmum diem Herfllia, Tatius, and, afterward the mixture of thz_j Nomwbxs im- Sabins and Romans^? the double Names \ and } by nltummti- retaining x the name of the Fawilie, giuing the Fore- diffe va'de m\- name (which was imp o fed the eighth day on Females ,and ror, cum tfFe- t j oe ntn ,^ on ^j es as Amon n {fa Grecians on the tenth ftus m Lultn- . ' f> . co,et Macro- y day from the birth, and pft from the Amphldromia) bins i. Sat. and adding the fur name , which- fometimes was from *m\tfrqpt#. ^ e Ancestors alfo.thty had'vfually three Names, two of Reflcaiitcmli- which cuery Bondman manumitted commonly had giuen turn Pfobum i )m f rom [ Jts Lord or p, tr0 ,? t so is the Tefttmomc^ of Tog* viriUs 1 crtullian 7 - 5 Jo that Dream of fm Bondmxn which tempejlate. thought he had bad Tria Pudenda, and was foon after L.^pX^l /f*)fa*i hcaufe (as * it was interpreted) his freedom in c&UvUu gau t him t wo Na mes, whic bmide three (fignifad in the V\ A l* l a et dream)with his own, thtt was. as to other of his kindano/l Ariftoph.//««. vjuauy one. So tngt Ingcnuitie, not Nobmtie, was 7 Quod vkle defgned by the three Names. In mofl other Nations (/ f^uim^aum- think) vntill 'particular ennobling , by the Princes auto- pi'is [of. Sea- ritie, came in vfe, was a kind of diftinffion of Nobi- l cl'rhJs C({ '' &***** An * w °3 neer t0 tlut * n Greece. None^a * Artcmidor. fo barbarous , but had the like $ witneffe the^j Onromtic.i. Gothiquc Anfes i a Niamey interpreting Half- ta?A7 ' Gods, The Preface . Gods a , or men aboue common human fortune , and a lornandes de applied by them to their Chieftains valoroufly bearing * eb '? eil f; u ?; themfelues in the Wanes, and their pojieritie . Whence jpdgenjts. ' good conceit, of manie^deriues thrt Name of the Han- iiatique Sccietie, beginning b about c\o.cc % of'Chritt b cbytrtn fome while before Frederique the fecond. Bntyitfeems, frr**t.sax. they had no more or other known Enfignes of l^obili- Gmuub.it tie, then as the Sucuians, who had anciently Ptcroga- tine in Omni c expeditione Regis Tcutonici, ex- c umhsckaf- crcitum pracedere, Stprimi committere , in likes ™ bi n cn fi s - fort as mongsf our old Engli&i the Kcntlffomen d had d lo.sxthbkri- thc honor due to them alwaies of being in the Vant- €n A^ H ' Clt ' gard, and thofe of Wiltshire 7 with Cornwall and Deuonfhire, in the Rerc, which they all tyigbt cha- lenge by the continna/l worth of their performances. That was their Badge > therein their Glorie. But> after thjit Armes grew her edit arie in Europe mongH Chri- flians (for Turks paint them not , e faith my <^du» e scptemca- tor) by a general! confent (which u,vpon good ground, ft' e rf ca P-i°- thought to bane had its beginning from the Holies Warres , the Pojieritie thinking it a fecial! Glorie to beare the fame Coat which the s4ncefior had delayed orfbewed in his Shield tn defence of the Chriftian Tjjme • andfo vcith vs f abmt Henric I \ i . they f chrcnt. in became more hereditarily efabltfhi) when the Prince R£li Q^ a ^ ' ennobled any, he vfually gaue him the particular of his Bearing in Bhz>on . An example thereof in England, it being alfo 7 to another purpofe , worth offer union, I here infert. Richard 1 1 . gaue one Iohn of King- fton a Coat, and made him an Efquirc./i toennable him to perform fome feats of Armcs with a French c 3 Knight, S Part, i, Pat. i$.Ricb. i. fiir.ile Bernardo Angmmne Confiliario Regis inDa- cata Aquiu* r\ix,Rot.Vap con.zi.Hzn.6. Memb.j. *i Sueton.lib.q. i Uygm.Vabul 71- k Iuflw.Hij}. The Preface. Knight. The Co fie of the % Record is thus litter ally. Lc Roy a tous ccux as queux ccftcs lettres vien- dront, falute. Sachcs, que come vn chiualerFran- ceys a ceo que nous fumus enformes ad chalenge vn noftre liege John de KingHon a faire certains faits & points d'Armes, ouefque lc dit Chiualer, Nous a fyn que le dit noftre liege foit le raeulz hono? ablcmcnt refecuz & fairc puifle & perfour- mir les dits faits & points d' Armcs , luy auons refceuz en Teftare de Gentile home & Juy fait Ef quier^ & volons que que il foit conus per Armcs 6c porte deforcnauant, ceftafiauoir, I? Argent one %>n Chaperon cC Azure ouefque vn Plume (f OHricht de Geulcs. Et ceo a' touts yccux,as queux y appcr- tient,nous notifons perycclles. En tcftmoynancs de quelle chofe , nous auons fait fairc celtes nos Lettres Patents , dones fouz noftre Grant Scale a noftre Paleys de WcHminfier , le primer iour de Iuyll. Per Bricfe de Priuy Scale* Neither was, tn ancient Rome, wanting a kind of hcreditaric En- fignes peculiar to Families , *s the Torquis or Collar to the Torquati , the Hairc, or a kind of Ius Ca- pillitij (itfeems) to the Cincinnati, the furnamt^ of Great to the Pompcys , which is plain by that relation of h Caligula : Vetera Familiarum Infig- nia Nobiliffimo cuiquc ademit, Torquato Tor- quern , Cincinnato Crinem, Cneio Pompeio Stir- pis antiqux LfrUgm Cognomen. So , all of thes Draconteum * genus about Thebes xoere known by a fyeciall note on their bodies, and Selcucus k his po- fl critic by the forme of an Anchor on the thigh. Fi- The Preface* lij , Nepotefque cius isfncoram in femore (faith Iuftin ) veluti notam Generis natura!em habu- cre . ^(either was antes one admitted to pre- tend him/elf ef the Pelopida: , if hee hid m not m J^^ **^ to ykv** 7d yvcofaixctTa. , i. that token for an En r ^cx?/ °^" figne of his Familic, that is, the Iuorie flooulder , or one as white. But thefe were the Notes only ef their Familie y not of Nobilttie, confuting in Rome only in the Images, as^that ef our times , in Coat-Armors, which, as Images, expreffe the worth ef fuch as hauts born them 7 it being fuppefd ( in warlike Nations efpe- cially after thofe Martiall fitcceffes again/} the profcH enemies ofchrifiianitie, about c d # and d. yeers face ) that the Warra wa? tUxwt, or fpvr&Scu , is not to bee refer d to Roy all Diadems , or Kings, as fome will, vnlejfe hee meant it to thofe $f Alia, with whom indeed hee had Jpent fome time. Either he wtfht in it that you fhould not take from a* nother his Crown , Reward \ or Palme , or that you fljonld not wrong or corrupt the Lam , as S* Hierora c m 7{ciponf. l exfre/fely interprets it , by Leges Vrbium confer- aduerf.Ruffik. U andas ; which is well infiified by a Pythagorean, vLMMttsm concurring therein , and gmtng u the reafon , becaufe vita, pkbagor*. %i^mu woxw hi Nsao/, i. The Laws are the Crowns or Inclofures of the Commonwclth. In promt fmg more fnch , I will perform my word . If I leaue vn- toucht fomcthing,\xhich may be look t for, of the Ma* humedan States, referre it rather to my wants of In* firufiion then l^egligence . As they are far re from njs, fo Relations of them are oft vncertaine , and of a cozening Credit , cjpecially thofe of the Mi die times , when Ignorance rode in Triumph . And, vnti/l that mosi learned Lcunclaw and Busbcquc , what of them was well known ? Litle , e/pecially to our pur- pofe. A ay, eaen in this European Light of vnder- flandtngy how currant went that idle Demotion of the Fcr- The Preface* Tut fun Sophlfrom Wollcn Tulipants ? It hauing Origination in the Sophilar, Sophi, or Suffi (lar ts but the Turkifti termination pluratt) that were both of 4 reforrnd or feparated Religion , as alfo a fpeciali Seel in PhHofopbie, Quorum fcientia eft per infu- fionem ab Intelligences , non per acquifnionem Doftrinae, & x Andrew Alpag, well ski/Id in their * ****** Tongue and Learning , according to their own con- T! ^. 9 .SiL eeits, faith of them . How the Ethiopian Emperor ipptaa-a (whom wee corruptly call Prcfter Iohn ; and Elias fSS^'t 7 Leuita *m// him j^yi v^s Prm loan ) #*/# jft*. v. pag. been ignorant!/ wrongd by fucb as fo miH both his l0 ?- infra - Name and Terr it or ie , u feen in too much Teflimo- \^f£^ m b me. But of the/e, and the lzke 3 in due place . In our pr*fat.$. vide Europe , as Writers afforded occafion , I hue been parei-P** 88 ' large : omitting, I think, no obfolet Title, the know- ledge whereof may help to the vnder {landing of thofe in prefent vfe. The like I fay of Enfignes. Butfuch as were meerly proper to their times, and haue not fo much as their fhadow left, I haue wittingly for born , Among tbefe, is the ancient lus Capilliti) in France, whence you mujl interpret the Storie tf/Q.Crothild, that, when hir fonnes, on whom (lice purpofd to haue fetled the Crown again/1 Hlothar and Hildcbert , were brought to her from them with a paire of Scif fors and a Sword \ by Arcadius offering hrr the choife, whether fhee would haue them fluutn or put to death, anfwered z Satius mihi eft, fi ad Reenum non e- z Gng-Tgr*. • J .j & f naif. Hid. X. nguntur, mortuos eos videre, quam ton os. For cl ^ 1% ; A \ne\n. the fhauing or cutting their Haire was a putting them deGtf -Franc* into the condition of fubiects. etynn >*> (faith Aga- ^"P- 11 * d i thias) The Preface. T f>V[JL[J.ATtl a Landulph. Stgix Mifccll. 2i. ex iheo- pkwe for ran, vndc 8cCcdre- nm font:. b Circ. A.cid, c.lx. Alitor Rc- liquiaruw. ctnufiKo^At Ti It* iv ex vai/w et«/, i. It was not lawful 1 for the French Kings to cut their haire, but from their Infancie it was continually permitted to grow , which they ware hanging down their hacks , curiously combd, and done with diners * fitch things as were fit for keeping it in neatefl fafbion : and this was aff7r'i$ 7i yvropi7(xa >y yip&s \%Mf*7ov 7u Bawttelv y'ipu , a fpcciall Enfignc and honor of the Royall Line, which no fubiect, in whom the hope of Succefton was noty might wear $ and hence took the ^ain Grecians ocexfion of thai fobidom offer tion , wherein they fup> pofd thofe of the French Line to he briftled on the back like Hogs y and colli them Tfix°f*x*™ > '« ** tf you (houlijay^ Briftlc-backt. ihiyovro fare the words of GeorgC Ccdren ) oi in 7» yiv*t ixtfo KAjcLyo^ivoi KPI2TATOI, o €s[/.lujsvi7*i TPI XO P A XAT OI . u%ov y&$ KdL7ci 7?1$ f>^X- Wi °^70iV 7?f)(dLS ichoroch.it /. Pilos enim hnbcbanr in jfpina veluti Porci : which the rather I cti '*, toffew lhat Hotoman's cc nocture vpon that phec of Cedrcn,thinktng it to be corrupt, is idle. Neither need it moue y that they fo ill interpreted Criftati . Whafs more common mongH them then mi flaking of like kind ? This Cu/lome of wearing long hure continued in the French Ktngs, till about Lewes the yonger , when b Peter Lom- bard, Bfljop of Paris, dtffuodcd them from it. It Was in fajhion olfo to be worn long ^ mongH our Soueroigns till The Preface* till Henric v. as is collected by their Scales. And by that ^/France, may bee interpreted the € Diflich to c Hem, mm* William the fir ft 7 tingdon.bijij. C2efariem,C//Qr,tibi fi Natura negauit, Hanc Willielme tibi ftclla comata dedic r CWade vpon the Comet appearing in Eajler xceeke be- fore Harold's ouet throw \ exprefswg, as if the <^4utor • had firjl plaid on Gae/ar\s baldnejfe , and then by A- poftrophcj told the Conqueror , that the Comet or iFajrcD ^tarre ( #* the old Englifh and mo ft fignifi- cant "Word is J portended him Caefariem or Capiliiti- um, alluding to the Ius Capillitij of France , as it was a note Roy all Tor, common opinion then fuppofd the Comet a token of his future Conquejl , Of this nature is that of the old Emperors <* hauing Fire in & Htvodian* a Lamp carried before them, which the Perfian Kings l ^J%°av. alfo had. i^And l/kewife tbofe the Spear, Crown of upf ad]. Tacit'. Thornes, Nailes*//^ Croffe, Sword, Robes, ^»»^»*«-4*. and Diadom of Charles le Maign , all which e A- e AnmUoior. uentin thus remembers : Germani Imperatores a- *• pud Proauos noftros , Haftam , Coronam Jpineam y Clauos (quibus Chriftum feruatorem noftrum ex- cruciatum conftat) infuper Enfem y Purpuram, Dia- dem* Caroli KMagni progcrcre fecum fblebanr. "But heefaies,that Sigifmund the Emperor laid them A.cid.cdx^ tv be kept) as precious Rfliques^al Norimbcrg, where they are to be fecn , halting been all before vfually ca- rted with th^j Emperors, vc peculiar ia ftcrofanfti Impcri) Penetralia, Cxfareseque Maieftatis Aufpi- d 3 cia. The Preface. cia. Thefe, the ftrewing of the Emperors way with Gold-Duft and the likens obfolet 1 am fdent of, as alfo fuch as Are fo particular (rather ofCuflom, then Great- neffe) that this place not Jo well fitted them . As that of Sealing in white Wax appropriated by the French to their King. II ny a autre Prince Chrefticn(yi/# f vuBaillm cne f of them) que feel in Cire blanche que luy, tim 3. ]es autres feelent en cire rouge ou verdc (he might hatte added ou iaune) & touts les autres Potentats font armez en leurs feels , 6c nos Roys feuls aux leurs, font vcftus d' habits Royaux , & en Roys iufticier non armez. This fealing in White Wax was permitted to Rene King of Sicilie by Lewes x 1. in cid. cd. l xv 1 1 1. But matters of this nature art fcarce more belonging to our chapter of Royall En- fignes (for thither, ifanie whither, they fiould be re- fer dj then that of the rofting the whole Ox4/ Franc- fort, at the Emperors inauguration , or fuch like . In most of what I haue done. Testimonies of Times pafl are my Warrants. Securus licet *A.ncam, Rutulumque feroccm Committas: nulli grauiscftpercuiTus^i/7/^. For more fafetie, 1 obferud that a dw on it ion. This iealons Jge would make a man do it where bee nee- ded not. But my Reader fljdll mifje nothing the more cfwhatmiy, to the propofed end, furnijh him. if where I dijpute of Dukes, CMarqueffes, Counts, and fuch , you find not fo much out of old Ciuilians (I mean The Preface. mean the elder Poflors and Commentators ) as might bee heapt vp from them to that purpofc^ , blame wee not. I profefjc not the reading them , yet could haue vfed them , hut Was not willing to load my Margtne with their names* Where they talke of Meum and Tuum, when their Autoritie is requi- ft, they defer ue to bee heard. In things, of this na- ture, to bee extracted out of Storie and Philciogte, they ceffe to bee Do&ors, v$y, are fcarce Alpba- betarians , euen the whole Rank of them ; vnttH you come to the mosl learned Bude, Alciar , Horo- man, Cuias, Wcfenbeck, BriiTon, the Genriics, and fome few more of this ^ge, before whom the Bodie of that Frofefion was not amifje compard to 4 fair 'e Robe, of Cloth of Gold, or of Rtchefl Stuff and Fafhion, § Qui fuft (faring all mannerly, re- g R ,^ jpeB to you, Reader) brodee de Merde. The re*a- i.cbafc. fon of the Similitude is known to anie that fees fuch impudent barbarifme in the Gloffes en fo neat a text, which from Iuftinian (hee died dlxv.) vntill Lo- thar ii. (hee was Emperor cp, exxv.) lay hidden and out ofo7fiu{xct7A 7% Afyop% haue,w:th Judgment, inftruffed c °" tmua M in part of this Purpofe* The Margins cenfeffes, with* out bluflnng, their and all other mens helps . if either Enuie or Ignorance queH;on how I, bred from the bottome of Obfcurttie , and fo far re from Court- Cu- ftome, fioould dare, at thefe Honors ,' let it know , / learn* d long fince from a Great Clerk {that Robert Bi- fhop andihe like. pag. 4<5. Chap. IV. CacfarAuguflus. Pharaoh. MoftChriftianKing. Catholike King, fatitxtotx ef ttje fmt^andfuch/ike. pag.68. Chap. V. Preftcr Iohn. Cham or Chan. Chaliph. Amir Almumenin. Of the Alcoran. Pcrfian Sophi. Schach,Xa, Saa, and the like. pa.85/ Chap. VI. Particular formes of Speaking to or by great Pcr- fons. Maiefty. Sneaking in the Abftradt or Con- A a cret. The Contents. cret. IStojfltfp , *n& fuchmore. pag. 1 14. Chap. VII. Annotating*//^*?.. Crowns. A dictation a- gainft received opinion of Cro wns. T ufl^ant. Crowns of feuerall Princes. Scepters. Globe and Croffe. Ci^iiTant *///;z\>y\on\2n Mo- narchic. The time of Nimrods Kwgdome, agawft common opinion. Pcleg. Nimrod and Abraham, lined not tcge* thcr. Semyramis built not Babylon. Nimrod (wrNi- nusor Aihur) £#//*• Nineueh. Wloyhe fsca lied Bclus. How facrcd fratues camefirfito beworfbipt, and the true begin- ning of Idohtrie. Bel or Baal the fame with Apollo, Pan, and the hke.andwas the Sunne.Belenns cr SbtWxo^.mong theGzuksand Biitons, wdt Apollo. How the lewes worjhipt the Sunn e % The Pcrfian Szlchodz'i *#^Mithra, what they are. The Gods of thofe E a (tern parts adored in .cur Weftem. "[up'iieisTcmb and Epitaph in Cictc^nd why the Cretans are called , alwaies Liers. Somemake Nimrod to be honoured in Orions nr.me amonathe Con- ftellatiexs. How they agree in name and ail ions. Ox'xcn and Cynofura the two Princes of the Heauens in old ^Afironc- mie. Homers Agronomic explaned. Thefuppoftunofthe golden woxldjdle. Asidle that obferuAticnjhat *&cus$ ./. B a pie- Titles of Honor, a prefcribed la w,# not in Homer. Vfe ofjtnging Laws. The Tables of the Chaldeans and Gtec.zns jrith the An- nian impoftttresfeietted. CHAP. I. ; Ommunitie of life, and CiuillSocietie, begin- ning firft in particular Families, vnderdeco- nomique rule ( repre- fenting what is now a common wclth)had, in itsftate, the Husband, Father and Matter , ad King. Hence many Co- lonies; which,whither- foeuer deduced , we:c Citie$,Townes,Vi!lages,orfuch like. In them, deferued Honor added tothecminencieof fomefit mans Vertue, made him by publiquc confent , or fome by his own am- bition violently got to be what euery of them were in pro- portion to theirowne Families; thatis,oucrthe common ftate,and as for the common good, JOtfjr. Thus came firft Citiestobcgouernedby Kings, as- now whole Nations are. And in the Heroique times (before the Olympiads, when mc ft of the Grecian fables are fuppofed ) iuch , as ihewed themfelues firft rublique benefactors to the Multitude,either by inucntion of Arts, Martial] prowefTe, cncreafing of Traffique. bettering or enlarging the Coun- tries fuchlike,were (faith v4r/i,rW^by feuerall Nations, conftkutcd Kings oucrthefr^and^ygcneraH confent, left lines of hercditaric fuccefTion. So that naturally,all men, in Oeconomiquerule,being equally free and equally pofleft of fuperioricie,in thofc Ancient propagations of mankind, cucn Firjlpdrt. 3 euen out of nature it felfe, and that inbred fociablcneflc, which euery man hath as his character of Ciuilitie,a Popu- lar (late firft rais'd it felfe, which, by its ovvne iudgement, afterward was conuerted into a Monarchies both by imita- tion of as well the fubordinat as Supreme Rule , wherevn- der the whole Syftemeof the world isgouerned,as taking alfo cxamp'e from vnreafonable creatures ; in whom, be- caufcthe libertieof difcourfc was wanting,Natureit felfe hadplaced that inftindc of chufing alwaies One fortheit Prince or Leader.Hardly was any fo Idolatrous that could not vpon mature confideration (as a Orpheus did in his laft a Tbeopbil. Will and Teftament) confefle a vnitie of Nature in that Animb.adAu~ multiplicitie of Names, which fabuloufly they applied to tefycAib-i. the Deitie^and acknowledge that b quod eft in trirtmigu- ^ Ap u i t \ US( { t bernator, in ctirru reffcrjracentor in choris, lex in vrbe } dux Mundo. & id- in exsrcitujloc es~i in mundo r D eus ^hich was long fmce af- ipfum autor firmed^by fuch,as knew not how to woruSip the true God, ^ lbri < i ul co . yet were refolued ofhis vnitie. Hereto are according di- j)°™/*"fals(T ucrs and frequent tc(timonies,ofthe ancient Gentiles 3 di- nuncupatur. fperftboth in c prophane and holy Writers. Hence they could not but thinke, that the imperfections of the giddie- |L fl acn headed multitudes gouernment would be much repaired, lufUn.Martir. - iftheyfubiedtedthemfelues to fomc eminent One, as they <**$ povaffc faw themfeljiesjand what els was to be in regard of the vn- Laclantmsde feen Creator* In a a Trad attributed to Hermes (whom M^lig-c^.^ fome dare affirm ancicnccr then Mofes^ and the Egyptians ^rr/'/wr*?/?. is accounted as a God) JJis is perfonated thus in(lru£ting Ho* Kfom Kcsnu*. rus : Whereas, my fonnc, there are f our e places in the Vmuerfe Idem fere a- fubietl to an immutable law and command; that is, the [upr erne P uc * Eq^ ian r* Heauenjhe* Or besjhe Aire ,andthe whole Earth. tAboue, \]^*^ l % myfonne,inthefupreme heauens the Gods ( vnde'rftand An- • a'/Qhp.'^ gels and minillring (pints) haue their habitation ; who, as all things els , are ruled by the Mak^r of all things. In the Orbes, the Starr es are; gouerned by their great enhghtner the Sunne. In the Aire arefoules, oner whom the Moone hath command. In the Earth are Men and o ther I fiin q- creatures, B z whofe 4. Titles of Honor. whofe Gcuernor is Hee that for the time is King, 'fhe yery patternc ofaroyall Sta;e, you fee, derued out of the worlds fabrique and its particular fubicctions ; al- though I importune you not to credit thefuppofed and- quitie of the author,nor his whole affertion.beingjin part, impious. And confirmation of the fines of this vnity in go- KtXp^i, uernment,they bad trom e irrationa!l creatures : mongft whom that one Kind fpecially, which is commended, in both profane and holy authoriti %to man/or its exemplary qualities.hath herein preeminence. Th3tofBces. Allho- no^aAift^and obey One: £ Cscrgn^, lllet operum cufios : ilium admirantur & omnet Circumfiarrt fremiti* denfe .fiiptnttyfrecjuentes. Etftfe attollunt humeri* .& corpora belli) Obteclant,pulchrdm% petunt per vulnera mortem, as the diuine J ;>W of them. And thcGrecians haue a proper word for the King of Becs,whom they call E^kojand^by trannation,C?//;w^-/;w calls lupiter ©j^Ve' v'jjZo.* Neither is in a humane Mcnarchie what hath not in their Com- mon- welth fome mod rcmarquable proportion, if that curious fearcher ofNature.our S Philofophcr deceiue nor. c Artfl.Tiei T . , r a l i_- ■ 9 Hence, as b fome, mongltomer arguments ppouc this r- temallvnitiein the true Dcitie/o thofe, who firft tried the :.v4.irx~!. inconuenic ncies of popular rule , faw that in their gcuern- ''"• ment Iikev\ifc (riould be fome One fe.'ectcd Monarch ; vn- derwhofe arbitrarie rule their happie quiet might be pre- ferued. I know the vfuallaflcrtion, thai makes ihzfirfl of thofe three kindes of States a (JWcuarchte. Great Phlofo- phers dare affirm fo,and Prtncipio return (faith Iuftm ) gen. ttum nationum^ impertumper.es Reges erat : quos , adfaftigi- .-.77* huitu maieftattsjton ambit to popular is , fed fpettata inter benosmoderattoprouehebat. But that cannot, in my vnder- ftanding,be conceiued as truth, otherwifc then with a prcfuppofitionof a Dcmocracie 3 cutofwhich,as is related, Ftrjl part. a Monarchic might haue o'iginall : no more then can bee imagined how an Ariftocracie fhculd be before die Mul- titude^ oucrfw: ich, fuch, as make in the:r lefle number the Optimacie, mutt be chofen. Arislotles Commentcrs, Bodin, Ma.cki6.uei on Liuy , diuers others difpute on this point : Bur,out of AfachumtlfitisfiS^oti may be eafily re- ceiued,as is here deliuered. And lb muft that be vndcrftood bfrPaufemas^BAatSet w*rik%*T& E^a/W, aj « Am«*~ ^/? M xpvri*s mK&t &ds$*W*r. Not that the States were Bfft .' ","•' Grccce Kingdomes, but anciently lb, and no: vnderprpulargo- ^anciently uernment,as in latertime they were. Well I allow, that nukr Kings, a Family , being in nature before a publique ib;iereor andnoDcmo- common-welthjwas as an exemplary Monarchic, and, in craclt ^ thatreg3rd,a Monarchic is ancienccrthen any Swtcbutai it i$ applied to a common focietic of many, families and to what we we now call 3 Kingdome , it cannot but prefup- pofea popular State or Democracie. The firfl Monarch of a Nation,we read cfis that A^'twW (nephew to Cham) the might te hunter be fere the Lsrd. Hit Kwgdcme wm in Ba- bylon.EreCiAcczdsvnd Calna in the Undof Stnaghr, whL h is called vfualiy Sen**r\ by which name alio the Bubilonu.n Monarchic was known. For, where 1 Afofes fpeaks of Am- ^Ock.- rapbe/K.of Sixjgl;r,the Paraphrafe ofOr.keles hath expref- ]yK,c( Bxbel. His time was aboup c i d.d c c.xx, from thcCreatiop. loftfhm calls him y.:!y:a^s^nd makes him firft author of the building of that Tower of confu(:on of Tongues, In profane ftonevcu find net his namc^vnleffe, with common error, you make him ^j>:tu 3 in whom Tro- gw^Ctef^s and from him Disdire with ether beg : n the A - fjrian or Babjlonum [for to this purpofe I admit them as the fame and one) Monarchic. If like'yhood would well en- dure it in Storie,it might not be hard to make ATttffWand ^woocfiame. Greater changes are in words of'Ori- entall language expreft in European characters. Their Ie. be^ke/is Ezschiel, Ityben Rubd^ Ms-l I , \:sn Ns- Hc> Efttrh addon Asb*z*rith , and in Arabicjue propagated B 3 fropa Titles of Honor. from Ebrew,our Hisfialis is Simll in Spaine. To fhew alfo how differently they cxprelTe our Names , in the liucs of the foure Euangelifts, publifht by ?♦ Kirsiemus in Ara- b\c i uz i Veff>*fian i w\& r D omit ion are called Afubafianuu^u^ and Damtbianuufu^nd Nerua\% Neirune Aljhaghir , that is, according to them,//>f/^ Nero. Suchlike moteoccurrc in ancient and later Storic Yery frequent , info much that fcarce any communitie oftimes appcares ; as in Cjaxaret and Aftuerm of lAcbafaeruJh ; which name is Xtrxes*\h y and Oxyares. But \hzfrfl Babylonian Monarch is not cal- led Nmus , but Beltu. And his fonne is, by confent of beft authorities, Ninns* It follows then that Nimrod was father to Ninus* ItiSim indeed deliuers a Pr/w«/ omnium iVi- nu Rex Ajjyriorum veterem & quafi annum gentibus mo- rem noua Jmperij eupiditate mutauit. But regard the te- frimonic of thole which out of the more ancient authors hauetranferibed their Chronologies, as IhUus African, Cedren^nd others, and Ninm will appearc clearly the foil otNimrod, that is, oiBelm, ihc firft of'that State. And although erronioufly in Hiftorians for the mod. part Ni- nns be the root of Chronologique calculation^ whereupon i//f7/tfexprelTely affirrncsth3t this fit ft Monarchic remai- ned in the fame bloud k c i d.c c c. yeares, and then en- i ConfbntMus dedin Sardanapalns (qtherwife called Tonofconcoleros or ManajpshzWu- Conofconcoleros) and was by ^rbaces then transferred to cinacuihunc thcMedcs, fo that ify ou reckon back from the beginning numcrum a of Arbaces (Arbattui and Ph'arnaces he is alio written)th.c £^ aufpica- nurn b- r f y C er $ , you llhall fall neer exactly vpon the bc- 1 Auzull.de gaining otNinut according to fome, and that molt curi- Ciu.Dei.UB. \6. ous, Chronologic : yet withall, take the ycers otBcItuhls c.tp.\7.& 56. raigue being, as fome will, l v. but as 1 ethers lx v. (which anm ad hanc f ecms J c ft diftant from truth) and addc them to the c 1 o. gSsLI^'x a- c c#c# anc * ^ben take the whole number out of the yeer of Jijs anciq-iio* the workl,which was at Sardanapaltu his death,thc rcfidue rxhui.ArVLil. wil fall nccr the fir/tyeer of the Chaldaan Epocba(pUccd in fm t %. t hc beginning of that Empire) then which, what can more proper- Ftrjlpart. 7 properly dcfignc out Nimrods beginning , be'ng about -Lxshzfoxc Ninas? which is weli enough confirmed alfo by that number ofc i o.c c c. Lx.dcliuered by ^Ctefas for the continuance of this Monarchic, as alfo by n S. Au- m Diodor.si- guftine. Regnnm ( faith he ) A [fjrioram in Epifiola Alexan- ciiL8ibliotbec.fi dri (he mewcsw Q Ep\ate of Alexanders his mother O- vndepro|Jl e ^ tjmptas) qvin% m-lha excedtt an nor urn. lit Gr&ca Vero hijto- g,^ ^ q * via mtlleferme & trecentos habent ab ipfias Bell principal : ^ju/ltt, vbi is qttemregem &illety£gjptiai{:\\zt was one, from whom de hac re. Alexander had his*in(tru<5rion) in eiafdem regm-pomt exor- j* Ve &*&'* dio. Bythisfupputation,A 7 /?wW.f Kingdom began fome q '* -^ fa% lx 1 i.yearesafiertheFioud^hat is,c i D.n c c.xv i i i._ idoi.ian< & ip- frdm the Creation. Howfceuer (it Betas were-he,as is moft fe Aug de tin. probablc,and that Betas raigncd ixv. yecrs one'Iy,which z>« 8 .«/>.*. is the greatert account) the common error ofthofe which huiusm:mi- place Nimr'od and Abraham together fcems inrollerable. Witncflc holy Writ . which afrlrmes that in Pelegsdzyes the earth was diuided, bydifperfionofthe people. Tnat diuifion was immediatly after 'Babel built, and bymoft likely coni'e£ture the fame yeer that Peleg was borne ; for Mojes relating his name to be Pcleg, addes for in his dales the earth was diuided; as if, according to the Iewifh cu- , ftome, heehad had his n|me impofed prefentiy vpon his j?^5^?*^ birth,by reafonofthatDiyHion. And how could his name /"!/* be by reafon of the Diuiftotiibefore it ? And;it is qucttion- les,that Peleg was borne c i.yeers ?ftcr the Floud, which falls (by this calculation) into the xxx i Tcoi^mrod. But Abraham plainly was borne c!x c i. years after Peleg; how then could Nimrod and Abrahambc coetaueall .? I know, the accounts of diuers ancient writers are in this point of ir.i,hf>adu the continuaace of this Empire (out of which as a pcfterio- y c ii pattrculi W,the beginning is found) much differing both among &(fi placet) themfclues,and frOmvvhat is before deliuered , as thofe Tbjlumxp.La- which occurre in P Patercnlas^Eafe bias fir ofras and others; 8** t - l *fti**i' and fome Grecians haue made Nimrods beginning to bee q Cca ' r(r ;. ^ n d c. x x x. yecrs from the Flood, others morc ; again{t ap- Gfycas^y - pa- g Titles of Honor, parant truth of Scripture : others of later times placing him diuerfly. But 1 fee none fo neer mod probable conic£ture as the learned Christopher Heluicus , whofc laborioufly compofed and moft vfefull Hiftcrictill Theatre^ in this and other of this nature , affoords inftru&ing helpes. And, whereas the fabulous traditions of fomc Europeans make Semyramis the autor of Babylon ; it was deliuered/or mod !;.:.ad falfejong ftnee by r Berofus(hc was Be/us his Prieft in 2?^- Jppiantm. hylon) and fome f ancients of this part of the world alfo, f J^fmrtM.s* Hauciuftly- followed him,attributingittoi?*7/*.r, which c- ucn ho'y writproues to be the work oi'Ntmrod, So fome * . willhaue Ninus the builder of Nmeueh (which profane Storic alfo calls Ninus) whereas vpon good reafon our/of greateft authoritie AVz^tW was he that builtit. In Gcnef* x. Hee went cut of the land (he means Shinagbr) into Af- fyria and built Nineueh. But I know the vfuaJl tranflation hath it otherwife, that, out of the land went ts4ffurand built N.meueh, But, AJfuris not, before that time , asaproper name ofa man,fpoken of in holy Writ, neither in thatpaf- fage is there a declaring ofiVw/pofteritie (in which Affur was) but of Chams onely. And the holy tongue endures either of the interpretations, as hath been by the learned heretofore obferued. Itmay pofsibly be,that its name was from Isjfnus fucccflor and fonne to Ntmrod. For in that Nation the firft Citie built was titled according to the name of the builders fonne, as appeJres in thcStorieof Cam and Enoch. TheEbrew oithography of it is fVYPS compcfed,as it were, of Nth and Ncueh , which may well figmfie the Habitation or Citie of A 7 /«,bcing eafily (accor- ding to. the European courfe) turned to Ninus. And Iofc- phus t exprclTcly calls i^N/y*/* *oa/*& N/cJa, which words without difficulticgiue the fame fenfe with thcEbrew.All ^Pft"" this isjn a manner confirmed by an ancient and moftlear- lon*' X ned- u Father ) deliucring that the Adrians , ex nomineT^im u D Hteromm. 3*1* fUijy'^Wttm condidcrunt , r vrbcmmaonam i quam Ebrai Tradj.thr.iuu. appellant Ntmuen. Which is as if hee had faid iVww/Whad done Firftpart, doneit. For what were the AJfjriam but his fubiecls > x E,,fib.h>.:f. The first Empire then began in Afiavndci Nimrod (the yjcy.u.Epiyh. fame with 2fc/#/,called alfo e/^r^W/w or Arlylus ) Kingo- in pr ok goner, is. ucr the Btbylonianivd Affyrian territories chiefly, hauing y.^ mcI ^ ;!f . , , . - ^. . y ',i l j- l- - Gimimcit(Ii in them his two Cities royall, but extending hispowero- jjiophanti fi- ller the greateil part of theinhabited & neighboring coun- des apu d rul~ tiy. Why he was called Befa, is no wonder. Take it not gent.wytho'o-^ as a name proper to him while heeliued. But refcrrcitto gicr.^/JcJi- an effea of Idolatrous application after his death. For, 'W* fi /P c - whether adoration of Statu* % ^ rom onc originall ; both hauing the fteps adcrabant ab of Be/in ; which alfo in Britifti ( as our moft learned Anti- introitu Tern- quar^and light of Britain, Camden CUrenceulx obferucs) pli v% ad ca- with Melm and Velin (the difference of orthographic pro- nicramNa- ccedinpfrom the tongues idiotifm) tfgnifies yellowy co- ihanmalech, . & n t & '. D ., / \ „ folcnni pomna l° ur > as z " mcn know , cucn proper in ar nbute to Apoho. vc&osfuifle And moft likely it is that the Topique God of the Nor- Adnotanc.Ve- thern parts ofthis Kingdom , called in ancient h monu- rum & vidcfis mcmsBelatucadre t \\td hence partof his name. Neither is Sc V/ P u B ^ p « l " the moft fupcrftitious regard which thofc Eaftcrn people umVcrb. Otto- . . , £ . b . , 1 r , T , berdc Rho- " ac * to tnc Sunne in particular, vnknown to any, which dijs..nec Rab- hath obferucd the' Horfcs 4hd Chariots dedicated to his binishtcad- Deitieby the Idolatrous Iewes, and mentioned in ri Reg, femior. XX1 l I# or tno f c Sunne-images(^y£ft k )in 1 i.Parati- Dc ijs opti- p ow XXXI y 4 or tnc adoration of the Morning in E^ech, me (vc dcom- / t » nibiis) hf. Scatig.adCatnll.Epig.91 . fed Rabbi Solomon } figuras ad Sojis imtgincm fi#a» fuifle,cfhnalc Commemus adloodefignacuna. VIII. Firftpart* ii VIlI.lc\orfuchlike ) deriuedfrom the Babylonians, Perfi- 4*f,and others; whence the Perjian period of c x x. Solar yecrs,and the product of that multiplied by xi i, that is, ci^cccc.x l. their great period vfed before their le^di- gerd,2% alfo the Sunnes reuolution in Aftrologicall dire&i- onSjare, and hai:e been of ancient time by them called S-al cbedai^thejeer of God (as the moft noble Scaltger teaches mce) as ifthe Sunne were the chicfeft Deity ; whom they (tiled alfo Mithra frqm their word^^tVffl 1 which inter- prets the fame with Baal ox Belt, a Lord ox Goucrnor ; their fignificant name for the Sunne beings both ■ forcfied (whereupon Ctefias, and fome following him , dcliuered that Cyrus in Perfian was the Sunne) and n jipketkaab. Neither was it ftrangc that they , being ignorant of the true God.fo worfhiped the Sunne,when as euen the grca- teft ° Matters of Philofophie had not a better mcanes to defignc out their firftMouer and Maker, or the Sonne of what is Good (as diuinep Plato expreiTely) then by the name of Light, or the Sunne. Nor is it hard to belecue ihat the chiefe Dcitic of the Cjaules and our Britons (hould hauc its origination from the fo farrc diftant Eaftern nations. For belide the reafons of conic<5turc, there hath bin found in 1 GahU a ftonc thus confecratcd j MINERVAE BELISAMAE SACRVM Q^VALERIVS MONVM Where quefticnles is the very name (differing in termina- tion only) of the Goddefle Asiarte or jtfbtaroth , whom they called * Bcltkf amain) j.hzt is, the Lady of Heauen, the Moon. The fame is confirmed alfo out of diuers inferip-. tionsconceiued DEAE SYR1AE,& D IS SYRIS both mltaij andihis Ifland anciently found. But (tore- C 2 turnc 1 lof.Scaligde Emendat.lib. <. quod &j»w- tuft.GlofsisA* tablets. o Ariftot.de S.\p.fecutid.&» gypt.l1b.i1.c4. p DeT^epub. lib.6. q ApitdCvnfe* ranot in No- uempopulonia. txtat. di&2 Philoni Biblierifi mm* Phxnicumi- diotifmum. BnfChi vcr6 Mc%ifibeni,fe- cundumChal- dxciumfor- naam. n Titles of Honor. curne to the reafon of that name in Ntmrod ) when come flattery amongft them grew fo feruilc, that nothing, but themoftobfequious refpeel thatpoflibly might be, and the higheft honor that imagination could inuent , was thought worthy of the firft autor and progenitor of their royalllinc,which their obfequious bafenes would not any longer endure to be accounted mortal, they gaue the title of their God to his ftaiuc,& their facririccs,& ceremonies ; they made his Sepulchrall monument his Temple; and at length lb confounded their God2?^& firft King Bel into r stepbaft.mct one,that they admitted no difference. Thus came alfo the />^r.r7^; butthewornc * Sckoluft.ad out p i ace fhould haue * been fupplied thus : Calliwacb. r bymn.i. MINO&C TOTf AIOC T.UOC f Iaflmt.de fair.reiig.cap.xi ^tts.t he Tomb of Minos the King; for fo I rather Englift confute™* > tj tncn Mmos lu ? lters f ome - Although, I know, his Epi- OMopxum in Vph there, is deliuered vc. y differently by f others , yet ic Sibyllin. orac is certain that the Cretans are moft fit examples herein to $J)&Porph)7. fhew what the 'Babylonians did. Where, by the way, note apyCy.ill^d- t | iac ^ f a lf c tradition among them, was the ground c^tmim °^ inat true imputation wherewith Epimenidcs , an ancient Isapli^Lm Poet and Pricft (cited by S.Paulc to Titns) brands them, dchocCrc- and, after h\iT)j£al/imacJ;us. tennumapr Kp»7«? *«4tt~ST* Fobrio hifto- \. The Cretans abates are tiers; and, to that Acroftiehfom- viS what sltered,^ one expreflely, long (incc/ioincd that mif- fimm. ynderftood Epitaph : Ftrjlpart. 13 , * But,this turning of Kings into Gods,recciue elegantly de- liuered by ^S. Cyprian. Reges (faith he) olim fuerunt i qui ob u TraBat+. revalem memsriam coli apudfuos postmodern etiam m moxtc caper tint : inde Mis inftuuta Temp la ; inde ad defunclcrum vtilttu per imagjnem detmendos exprejfa fimulachra. Nam & immolabant hoftias, & dies f eft os,dando honor es \celebrabant* Inde poller is facta r untfacra y quvf- h Tf 'n 'w had direclly before him; both being b iu(tificd by anal- Schol.id Aya- l u fi° n in c Homer Speaking of the Bear : as if he had faid,that (hehad,as the Princefe of the North, obferued and lookt at Orion Prince of the South : without which interpretation, how will you vndcrfland Homer r Arttos & Orion aduerjis front ibtu ibant. A Mml.A- faith <* another by imitation. There being alfo twixt fi ron ' 1 - thofc two Conftcllations fuch an agreement in Longi- tudc v that one great circle, drawn through the Poles, cuts them both, to make, as it were, a lineal! and direct regard twixt thciai. They are both (if you refpecl: Cy- nofkras ftarres next the Pole) between l. andLx.de- c Amos.sS. grces. But doubtles this application of Nimrod to 0- job 10.9.^38. non proceeded rather from Grecian vanitie. And thofc 3 1 .perquam Eaftcrn people had another name for Orion, if Inicrprcters fimt*dcVw\ d€ceiuc no^hich «* c Hol y Writ,turne s»^ Or. on j and ■opinions & a- m ^ ucn l °i n g s tnc Afyriansiwti. levees had moii communi- pui Iuda*os. tie. But,ofour/*r/? Monarch y thus much. Yet. it isnot to vti videre c ft b.e doubted but that before him and the Floud there were, mBaalArurb. amon g his anccftors, fome Monarchiquc States, but not aJ Xt f r « °^ an y largcextcnfion perhaps. To what other end was Orutlumld i- Cains building o\'EnoJba(fi\c firft Citie in the world) but magpujratj. for his own Jupremacic among the Citizens ?But the large Firftpart. 15 large and fupreme Government of a Nation, is that which muft giuc the honor ofa King,as we now take it. The flip- pofition of that age of Kings in the Hcrotque times>or golden world is moft idlc,as it is deliuer'd efpeciaily in Fa- bles and Philofophie. What Hejiodfiuid. Virgil, and otter haueofthatki:id,chldren know,£* Officiumerat([zuh { a Philofopher^/wvzr^y^j regnu. Nee crat crnqnaaut antm 9 c j mc j t p t in iMftriaaut can-fa: cum bene imperanti bene parercturfiihilq 3 Rexmafminari male par entib 9 pcffet ^uam vt abirent e regno . And, the like, or rather what was neercr to perfection is largely ai)d in example deliucred by Z Plato, who (hadhec g jnv'irociti- tczdMofes^s fome think he had^ for long before his time I t &inMinoe. was the h Pcntateuch turned into(jrcek)wouldnot,I think, h Arislobul. haue giuen that indulgence to fabulous relations.Nothing (*P' Eu f eb - di is more ridiculous to truth then thofc Golden ages, when J/^^f^" alfo Populus nnllis legibm £ns luSlins words are) tenebatur\ pjft.1dFt0l.Fki* but arbitria Prmcipumpro Ugibtu erattt. Can wee belecti laddpbum* that in Humaniue this could arall continue ? Inbred cor- ruption neuer endured it. The arbfolute power of the one^ and the vnlimited libercie ofthc other , were eucn incom- patible, vnleiTetheybe referred to fome*friort time in the beginning of States, when, by neceffnic, no laweswerc \ ffJeOrh.. but only the Arbitrcmcnt of Princes,as ^Potnponius fpeakes iur.l.\§.-* ofRome. Yet,I know/it is obferued that Hcmcr, writing k iofcph.adu, of the rieroique tiroes*,hath not k the word Nl^os , i. * pre. fPW-i- & de fcribed law ,but only eipi$,\.an arbitrary rule. And I won- jfjFj y j H der,how learned men durft make fuch vfe of thatObferua- f ' ncro [ lion. Read Plato s Minos, and there you (hall haue Talts 1 odyjf.^ hislawesin Crete written in Brafle,And7^/^ is made co- ni lnHymn.ad etaneail with Rhadtmanth fonne to I upiter ,whofe time al- A f> ollin em. eius though vncertain, yet muft be farre ancienter then any fa^nfadut Cr^tellimony.MayandH^wfrhimfclfehath J ^wcfxilw, Cynxthum. and m No/ue* w/«;i. the law of Mufque , which Singers and Scboliaft.ad Players were rt richly bound to ;and Nfywi abfolutely arc Vindar.Nem.x~ fongs fo called,"^/ <*o\v bfotlw y*zuua.T* ^•rwcN&fc t- l \ AY f°J' Pr *" *u< y* f v/Aand confecrating the Diadem, which Antony would haue often put on his head , to lupiterSo* the fame rcafon, did O Hainan abftain from the name of Romulus which yet he much affected. A- likc was the diffirrmlation of the next Tiberius, vnder D 2 whom 20 v Titles of Honor. whom were eadem magislratuum vocabula ( as Tacitus his words arc ) which were before, but the (urn and fway of things was ingroft and cunningly kept vnder One, differing in name rather then nature,from a King, as hce well obferued that fubferibed Julius his ftatuc with Brutus quia, Rtges eecit y Conful prima f aft us *ft. HtcfiUta Confutes eieatfiex poftremo f alius eft. The more proper name of them and their Greatnes, was Prwccps and Vrincipatus ; and, one of their own c Tranquill.'m c Writcrs,of Caligula thus. Nee multum abfttit qmn fta- Calig.cap.ii, tim Diadema fumeret jfectem^ Principatus in Regm for- mat* conuerteret. For thefe royall habiliments ; they d In Epitome: were at length vfed by d Aurehan (about cclxx. after fedvioefis Chrift.) Isle (faith ViElor of him) primus ^apud Romanos, cap.vJt.hu ius Diadema capiti innexutt : gemmify , & aurata cmni vt~ hac re U * C &*> qtiod adhuc fere wcogmtum Romams mcribus videb*i- tur, vfus eft. Yet nor hee , nor others long after him^ yfed the title of King in their Letters, CommifTions r c Avrixp£ Embaffagcs.rjorothcrwifcbut alwaies c Emperor. Which Top.imperator. CX p r c{Tcly is deliuerd by f one lining vnder Arctdius, in cccc.of Chril^fhcwing alfo that it was then vfual f Synefivift j n ot | lcrs wr j t ings and fpeeches of them, to haue them ftiled Kings. Hf/nV umv ( faith he to the Emperor) Cufk ctZivpcy yy v£K*u.w BetCihUf, >y ypcttfiouir *t»< ♦ T/-iftow^ ^'• I ^^-4^ !.*/*£' £**/>/rof the c™7/7j^ 1 ]?«£« or Kingdom. Paules appeale, according to the fin. & ibi cyrifc » Arabiquc,is Regem C&farem ego appello, agreeable to Ixs.Htjkbiiu the Emperors n titles, in the liues of the foure Euan- ^ lf n b Ana " gelifts, in that language. Nor could the Constant inopo- \n confhmlno^ litan Emperors find greater titles for themfekes or (it- poUos. defer tpt, ter, then King, If you regard how others vnder them Vrocopm^cdij. applied the name, examples are familiar in the ° Acls P narmenopuk of their Couficells,Hiftories.and fuch like. lf,how they ^f^ 4 themfelucs , read the. titles of lnslmians N'ouclls ( which iJ/nlt'S^ 1 *" they call Authentiques ) and in them it will appear, 6.cap. 9 .de ft that the names of AoTo^aV»/>and Bttethm were indifTc- plura. rcnt,alth-ugh the Latin Tranflation hath him alwayes x' at firft not much againft the allowing of it to the Weftern Emperors, as appears in the Embassa- dors, of Michael Curopalata to Charles the great, who for confirmation of a league, came to him at Aix & fcriptum path (as my z Author faies ) ah eo in Ecclefia fufcipientes more [no, id es~i, Cjrdca lingua laudes ei dixe* runt Jmper atorem & Bafdettm appellantes. Which was a name afterward ( although meer Greek ) beftowed on Charles his fucccflbrs by their Monks, preferring it far before the Latin Rex. One u of them thus, of Charles furnamed Crajfus; • Jrbs man data fuit Karolo nobis Bafileo, Jmpcrio chihs rsgttur totus propc Cofmus, Which is an eiTay alfo of that ages vnhappie affecta- tion of Greek patchs, frequent in many of that kind. But, when Buflins Macedo a Conftantinopolitan Em- ptor had rccciued Letters from Pope Hadrian the u.' wherein Lewes the i i.thcn Emperor of the Weft, was called BafilcHS , or lmpcrat or ; hec caufed that Honora- ry title to bee * fcratcht out of the letters , atid,. con- . cer- Firjl pdrt. cerning Vis challenge to it as his own folely,difpatcht" an Embaflfage to Lewes. This , Lewes anfwers by one Autprand T^mpert , and, out of his Letters the effect of borh may be difcouered. He firft tells Bafliim that hee knows no reafon of his diflikes towards him Ntfi forte fuper Imferatoris nomine lelit h&c -cm&a, fentin. Verttm apud rtos (faith the Weftern Emperor) mult a te- ll a [ant ', mult a qmdem indspjse leguntur ; nunquam ta- men muemmus termvnos pofitos, aut format , aut pracepta- prolata y neminem apfellandum B A S L E A nif euwu quern tn vrbe Con$~iantirwpoli Imperij tenere gubernacula contiatffet, cum , oentium fngularum monimentis interim-* poflpofetis , facrx nobis affluent er hiftoria monslrent, pluri- mos fuijfe Bafileos. Et noli vel nobis quod dvcimur wui. derepel tibifngulariter vfurpare.quod ncnfolum nobtfeufed & cumpluribus Prtpofttis aliarum Gent turn pcjfides. Sed nee hoc admiratione caret quod afleris Arabum Principem y Protofymbolum dici, cum in volumimbus noslris nihil y Apowa^ar tale reperiatur. & veftri Codices mo do % Architon , mo do ^?J? S . C • Regem vel alto quolwet vocabulo nuncupent, Jerum nos ticxat>.\%.& omnibus Uteris facr as Sipreferimus^quAjDauid^on Proto- HiftoriciOri- fymbolos,/^ Reges Arabium & Saba, perfpicue cenfiten- cntalcs.verum tur. Cbaaanum v erosion Prdatum Auarum* non Ca^ca- Pwefymoou .at *i ' n ■ Vezirazes me rorum aut Ncrtkmanmrumnuncupari repenmussie^Vrin- Veziruiftpri- cipem Bulgarum.fed Regem vel Dominum TStilgarum. }e~ mos magis rum iccirco ab ijs & ab omnibus Bafilei debitum vsca- denotant.con- bulum adimiS) vt hoc tibifoli non tarn '■' Prc-tri? quam v:o- Atlas licerLe- lenter inflcllas. Then hce proceeds (for, of thofe ether u ^ T ' y; ' titles more anon ; wi.h the Tranfiation of the Empire ^ I4 . ei gratia Romanoru Re- tobarbl'rj? '&* & f ffm P er -Augusto. Vpon b leffc ground then thofe Meurfr " Imperiall Letters , it hath been obferued that the Ea- stern Emperors did,in contempt, ftile the Wcftern ^- ges only ; allowing their Bafdeus to none, but them- c I. curopalau felues and the King of Bulgaria , who had alfo « his *«Tzimifcc Crown of Gold, his Tiar of Silk, and Red Shoes, for tpudMwf. hjj ,-oyaii^ beeing alfo imperiall, habiliments. And Co Gcorgius Logotheta, publifht laft Spring Mart by Theo- doreDou<, 9 n[\V2Lycs names the King of Bulgaria b a. ?j\ap»j/ ,but the King of Hungane and Sicily o V y- ye! A < and 2/mw* VlS, , and the Prince of Achat* only A^uai n&Vs^.But , vndcr fauor, I think it proceeded not fo much from contempts vfe,bredamongft them, to call, forrein dignities, by the names of the Princes Country , to which they were applied : as appears in Sultan i ts4merat,AMermumnes i 2nd Aiumnes,ChagaH (the fame with Chan) and the like copioufly mentioned by Stmocatta y Anna Ccmnena^Codm^ Apomazar (or Achmet) Cantacuz.cn 9 and the more obuious Orientall autors. And j they neuer agreeing willingly to that Tranflaci- on from them, but fuppofing thcmfelues as Emperors of new "B^mc (for Co ConftantmofU was called) to bee , Lord of h as C ^ c ^ c g ltimat fccceflbrs of that maicftique Title «£ World. Kofl-^Kup/©- ( wherewith Antoninus long before blazo- e Vofof.Mtn- ncd c himfelfc to Eudumon) could hardly but endcuor an.ff.idUg. fuch diftindtion of names, that, One might be peculi- Rbod.l.f. ar t0 t h c i r ovvn Greatnes. Which , how could they better do , then by keeping their own to thcmfelues (that is , Bafileus ) and giuing other Princes the lan- guage of cucrie one's own Territoric ? Andthe Princes of f Nieepb.Grc- Sicily receiued of C on ?* ntinc the Great (take it on my gora4bifl. 7 . f tulors crc< j it j % fX f or an hereditary Title. Indeed, that FirftparU %$ that SapliUs had more rcafon to take hereof greater care, being the firft of them , after the Tranflation to Charles the great, that was likely to haue regained his predeceffors gloric. And therefore his Bifliops in that Yin* Generall Counccll at Conftantinoplc did alfo nomen *mperia/e (as one S faies of the Weilern parr) g Anafaf.de noftro Ctfari penitus inuidere^ to which affected Great- viuFonitficJn nes an old h autor alludes/peaking of fharles the Bald ^ adr - 1 - King of Fiance; that Omnem confuetudwem RegumFran- cert wtt. fab corum contemnens (fracas Glorias op mas arbitrabatur.Et anno87<*.Edk. ft ma'wrem mentis fit* elationem cHenderet , ablato Regis aPithao. cade nomine, fe Imperatorem & Auguftum omnium Re gum, Cis autem S/gefor- mare confiftentiunt ^appelUri pr&cepit. But in later times, tuSm the difference was leffe refpeclcd j which is plainlyfeen iff thofe Letters o£\Calc-loannes to Conrad in. thus \ othoTrifin- inferibed : Joannes in Chrislo Deo Fide It* Rex , For- gerfdegeft. phjrogenitus fablimis^F ortis ,Augufius ^cmnenos t & Impe- Frcdek.Ub.i, rater Romancrum ad Nobihff.Fratrtm & Amicum Impe- ca ^' 1 ^' ri) mei. And anfwered by Conrad, calling himielfe %o- manor urn Imp er at or Auguftus, and Cxlo-Ioannes, illuslris & Gloriofus , Rex Grteorum. Whence alfo it is cui- denr, that, l{ex was not a name of contempt 3t Con- flanunople. For then wou'd not Conrad haue called lchn by tharxiame. Neither , for that point , is aduantage to bee&faken of the word Rex in the Eaftern Empe- rors ftile. For, it is molt likely that his Greek (out of which I furpofe, my autor had it tranfiatedjwas their VEp'ijloUmn- Xcto-thdji. Some of the German k Emperors alfo ( as it ^ ,v « feems) thought not Rex alone vnfit for themfelues in ifi'-jf' prefcribed titles of their Letters to other Princes And L.£/ Tortus on the other fide , thofe of other Nations haue iuflly XlbionisMo- taken to themfelues 7#?^r*/0r .Our ancient Edgar in lus narcha&Ba- Charters,calied himfclfe Albionis & Angler urn Bafileus; Gleuhfrpwin and, 1 in one to Pjwald Bifhop of TKrcesler : Cwtia. ^mrfC?*- rum Naticmtm } qu£ infra Britanniam includuntvrjmpera- j an dc n firw/fe- tcr & Dcminus; which one of his lucceffors long fince nans. E as z6 Titles of Honor m Map. ad Ham. contract- fl/w.1084. ClYC.ClJ.CU n Roderic.To. letan.lib.cap.7. o Ba.rtol.ad Con.f§.Om- nem* p Lamprid.in Alex.Scutro. as rightly challenged. For,when tAnfelm, Arehbifliop of Canterbury , hauing incurred William the fecond $ difplca'ure , durft yet aduenture to ask leaue of him to go to receiue his Pall of PP. Vrban 1 1. when Rome was euen bleeding of her wounds taken inthac great Schiftn about Wibert Archbifhop of ' Rauenna , whom Hen. 1 v. taking vpon him the imperiall fupre- macie , would haue nuefted in the Popedome ; the King, at the very name of the Pope , was extremely mou'd j and chus was his reafon, Tiicebat (faith Mat- ther? Paris ) Imp cr at or fui ojficij tffe quern veils t Papam eligersjiec erat alterim ApoftJicum etiam nommare. Rex Willielmiu allegauit eandem rationem,quod nullus Archie- fifcoptu vcl Epifcopvu regm fui Curia R^mana vel Pap4 fubef[et,prnoi Spam • they might well addc, Jijf^jg C £ aU nor of England,Scetland 9 f Danemirk^or the like, which p a rt.^co,/d.i7 by prefcription of time,regaining of right.or Conqudt Vide, fi placet, arc (as the other) in no kind iubieft or fubordinat to AkiatJe sing. any , but God. And therefore , by an aft * of Par- C {%^{*£ liamcnt of Scotland , it was long fince ordained , xkapjl. Sen our fouerain Lord hes full lurifdiUion and Free Fm- ; fire within this Realme > that his htenejfe may make No- tares and Tabelliones , quahis instruments fall haue full faith in all caufes and contrail ■ es, within the Realme: And in time to come that na Notar be maii,or to be maid.be the Emperours authorttie , haue faith m contracles.ciuill within the Realme. leffe then hee be examined be the Or- dinar and apprieued by the Kings hienejfe. Which a6t,it fcems, had it not been for the Impcrialls there in vfe, according f to which , Publique Notaries are to bee made only by the Emperor, his Palatines,or fuchlikc, q ^Zlr need not to haue been made. For what might not a vux.EtmfeH^ King (abfolute in regard of any fupe'ior) do , which becb.mVaratiu trw'kmperor could? And,in England that conftitution Jf-Defidein- of Publique Notaries * was long fince without fcruple, P ru m*nt. or any Act for it. Therefore, as the name of Emperor } ^f-^ was(notwithftanding fome particular differences) law- bmUeDecep- fully giuen as well to him of the Ea(t,as of the Weft, none. and allowed fo by the VVeftern r part ; in like form it r a ft $. synod. is or may be without difficultie' applied to,or vfed by Occumemcvifl. any which is truly a King. The Dukes of Mofiouy an- %ZvricT cicntly had no other title then Wehki Knefi j, in Rufli- mtSfatre- an, Great Dukes* But Bafilius that goucrned there a* mum,vbiV&. bout cio.D.xx.(Grandfather to the laft Theodor) took dia^uUic^ to.himfclfe the name of King or Emperor l.C^ar, not ^-^Rodidph. deriued from Cafar (which interpreters miftaking,wrot V'Xf^l" lmhmperor ; and thence is ic that wee now viualJy i m p trat0Yt call him Emperor of Raffia becaufc Cafar is grown as it Vvere proper only to an Emperor) but a mccr Ruffian E 2 word, 28 Titles of Honor. w or d, they vfmg Kejfar expreiTely and anciently for the Emperor of Germany ,difFerent from C<^r. Yet this ti- tle hee vfed not to all Princes. Tn his Letters to the Emperor, the Pope, the King of Swethlani and D4nc 9 the Gouernors of Prujfia and£*/*0w/4,andto the GreAt Turke y hee yCcd it , but not to the Poloman.N 'enter n; x Swfmitnd. (faith m y x autor) horum alterim liter as nouo titttlo an* Com.Kcr.Mof- Has Accipere dignatur. They are neighbours, and therfore couittc.&Gt- the more fufpeel each other. But that BafUins held gum. MofchoH. hjrnfdfe rather the better man being compardwith the tor'to i^rT ^™V* lox ->NomenfHHm&titHlHm Imperatcrio femperprapo* fixintitulodi- *™s,JiHe loqueretnr fine f crib erct . With his precedence, fius,aj>*di.Fa' 1 medle not. But I fee not rcafon why he might not brummEpift. yfe either the name of King or Emperor out of his adFerd.Arcbi- ovvn autority,as well as the Emperor. Neither needed he haue writcn to the Pope for the name of King, as fome affirm hee did ; But Stgifmund bcleeus it not, becaufe he was euer an enemie to the Pope, and the beft title he could find for him was neueraboue Do* Clor. For that of King in Letters to the PoUck^, this Bafilus his fonne(faith Gaguin) vfed it to him,t\ ut is f John 7?AfeIiuitz,,ffa a Polono ntinquam ( faith hc)nifi MA- y Lit Ret.Eli- ^iW 2) VC 1 S titptlo honor Atur. OchcryPrinces giue him zab.ap.Hatfuit. fomtimes the title of Emperor , foretimes Great Duke pjrt.i.pag.319. and King. But you fhall very often meet with the a Invit.Agn- name {King giuen to thofc which were in Clientele l° l i' j • // lmpcrAtoruAS,oi old, the Princes constituted bytheRo- Mp.ij.veriim ma ns, in ParthiA i ArmeMA>ArabiA 1 Per]iA,lHry^\\ ■ J r> • ■ • rt • vbi librarioum ebligabatur. Jta corona Regm per mamm Principts Jibi f orrean Tyno- impofita, in die fanflo Pentecoftes, ipfe coronatus gladium graphiincuria Regis fab corona incedentis portau.t, Hee means, by this Sueum^GuH^ Peter, Sueno i v. King of Danemark^ (for he was known t0 perperam by both thofe names)twixt whom and his cozen Qnuto le S untur * was great controuerfie, for the Kingdom, determined thus by the Emperor at Martinesburg in Saxonie.The mention of the like made in Otto de S. Blafio , muft be vndcrftood of Wlddemar i. who rcceiued both this and Swethland of the Emperor at Bifonfe. And King Harold , before that , when <* the Danift Nation was dHelmdld.blfi,- firfl: Chriflned, receiued it of Otho the great. Now it slattor.i.cap.^ acknowledges no fuperior.But fo many r* haue^or do^ as feudataries to other Princes , are excluded out of their rankc which before are indifferently titled Kings or Emperors. The K.of Bohemia (when it was In ano- ther hand,from the Empire) although he were crownd and annotated, yet , being in a manner the Emperors e AurMlE c Subie6t , wanted perfit Supremacie for it ; as alfo, caroli^cap.S, they ©f iVa'/f when they had inucftiturc from the Pope, they of Cyprus being anciently as Tenants (yet crow- ned ) to' f both Empires , and fuch like ; euen as c Amold.Lube* much almoft,as that Perfeus, who , when L. is£milws cenfxbron. Paulus had fpoiled him of his Kingdom of Macedcn, ShxM.^cap.i and compelled to flight, yet was fo ambitious of his former title, that he made the infeription of his letters to ^/Bmdius thus : g 1{ex Perfeus, Confuh Paulo «S # it g Liu.Decad, being, at that time, vnder tsEmilius and the State of M&-J. Romes arbitrement, whether cuer he fhould be King a- gata or no, Wherefore is£milius would not fo much E 3 as $o Titles of Honor. as glue anfvvcr tohisMcflcngcr$,Yntillthcyhadbr6ijghc him letters inferibed with a meaner title. As, on the other fide, when zdward i i i. befieged Tonrnay, and fent letters of chalengc to a fingle combat,to the then pretended French K.he would not call him King , but only .Philip ofYalois, whereupon hee had this aniwer : h Ex ms.yet. h Philip per la grace de Dien Roy de France, a Edward /WLatineli- R e y J)' Engleterre. Nohs axons vohs letres appcrtes a no- terashabec a ^ i rw •, r f , , ■ IbjValRnifub J ^ mrt cnuoyetz, de par vohs an Philip de Valots , en flM.1340. ^ U€ ^ s liters eflotent tontenuz, afcun requeues que vohs fe^ifies an dit Philip de falois. Et pnr ceo que les dtts letters ne veignant pas a y nons , & qne les dits reqneftes ve eftsyent pat faits a nous, come appiert clerement per le tenure des letters, nous ne vohs en fefens nnl reffionfe .You \UnMjLfc know *«i vpon Maxmus EJfc fa eft Seruum : iam nolo Vicar ins ejfe j£ui Rex efi,Regem,lAdix\mcJnon habeat. Therefore did Francis the firft of France much diflike, k Bod'm.de Re- lhtt % Charles the v.iliould k call himfelf King of Naples pub.itap.?. and Sicily, enjoying them as the Popes Vaflal, or Te- nant. And,when PP. Pins iv. would haue made Cof- mo de Medici Duke of Florence^ the fame State King, the neighbour Princes endured it not , and ihe Empe- ror Maximilian 1 1. anfwered directly to the French Kings EmbaiTador about k } Non habet Italia Ttfgem ni- fi Cafarem. And in that Heptarchie of our Saxons, vfa- ally fix of the Kings were but as fubie6h to the fu- l KthebferdJ.2 P re me, whom they called Anglorum l Rex Primus, or ci.Bedabift.ee- fuch like, which was as well giucn to others (the Frft, tlefi.cap.1. that had it 3 bcing Aclla King of Sujfex) as to that Eg- "CircaDccc.xx bert,who{'c glorie and greatnes confifted rather in the fvvallowing vp of the other fubied Kingdoms into his own Rule , and in the new naming of the Heptarchie England in one word (for hee in Parliament 0,faith my n autor) Firft pdrt. 31 m autot^pud Wintoniam mutauit nomen Regni.de ccnfen- m E Xl „a rum fit populi jtu y & iujfit illttd de c&tero vocari Angliam.) lib.HofpitalS. ' then in bceing of larger Dominion then any was be- Leonardiubor. fore him. Thofe inferior Kings are like in fome pro- ™ s ' l f Q ™^ 1 * portion to thofe of Alan } who haue had it alwayes by )^J/S s '^l a tenure from their foueraigns , the Kings of England, s.EdmrdL especially euer fince Henrie iY.,poffeffingit by the for- VerumabAn- feiture of the Lord Scrop , inuefted Henry Percy Earle glorum ad- of Northumberland in it, in fee firnple, to hold it per " cntl i n * . dl ~ 1 feruitium portandi dnbus Ccronationis nostra (as the Pa- Sarisbitrienfo * tent n fpcaks) & hzredum nosirorum ad fimftrum hume- Volkmic.6. rum nostrum & fimfiros humeros htredum ncflrorum per «/>.i£.ahjab feipfum ant fufficientem & honortficum deputatum {uum->> Hengifto,^ ilium Gladium nudum , quo antli, eramtts quando in parte J °£» oe ' de Holdernejje applicmnus^vocatum HartCafteC &fc)0jD.Jt io.GomrEpig. hath been lincc,by Efcheat,in the Crown,and was be- inConfcff.A* flowed on the noble Family of the Stanleys , by the mantis, 8c hot* fame K.H^r^and in their °Pofteritie, being Earles of dingm. Derby ,ic continues. So was Henrie ofBcuchamp Earle ^ ^^jy of Warwick^, by Henry v 1. crowned K. of the Ifle of ivalji'ngbam. Wight ; and in him alfo that title ended. But allthtfe o camdenm, ■ are litle otherwifeKings,then Dukes orEarks are.They bear the name^but not the true ma ks of Royall maie- ftie ; rather to be (tiled Reguli then Reges 3 be\ng fub- iecls in refoeft of thofe whofe Maiefties they were bound to obferue, and obey. For me thinks it looks like falfe Latine, where our Henry 1 1. grants Roderico P Ugio homini fuo , Regi Conatta, ( in Ireland ) that hee f^H^ii. (hallhaue his terric which title alio that conquering a Scfoofis K of Egypt a Dlodor.BiUi- ( the fame with Scf'Jins in Herodotus ) attributed to f f ™ himfclf in his crccHcd columncs of Vicloric. The like Li^ouT at ' W had ^taxtrxesLongmiOiw of Ptrfi* in i' letters to and from Firftpart. 33 from h!m~ who is in them alfo Ailed B*W<^o t&y&i'u the great King. This of ©jeat %\X[% was vfed in the firft Empire, as you read it in ihe ftorie of ludith cap. lii.Thus faith the Great King^Lord of all the earth.But that whole relation feems rather a holy Poem then a Scorie,as,by comparing of Times,init and authentique writ, appears.Neither is any fuch matter known among the Ebrewes but from Europe : although they haue her name in h another report of forne cL.beforc Chrifl:, h Brought. m which hath fcarce any communitie in matter with this, concent. For better authoritie , take this of the * Prophet : So frith the Great Kingjhe King of tAffur. The famcap- a ^^'wj plied to the-Pfr/£tf;z 3 hath Herodotus, Xenophon, lofephus, %*Uft the Apocrypha of Esther ,and tsEfchylus. And the bare b name of o KagiMs i. The King, without addition, is b Scboiiafi.u* fpccially yfed for the /Vy/k«,whence the nation is c fti- riftophan. in a"- led alfo aVjk $&ctteVT*7T>v i$m* So that both thofe x*§vsva. titles were common to both thofe Emperors ( of the 5 v'MyfJfir. two firft Empires ) but not that ceremony of Supre- * "*'' macie (which by the way I note, becaufe it falls mongft things here treated of in ftorie)of demanding a portion of CBart&anH ^Stater, by their Heralds, of fuch* Princes or People as £hould acknowledge themfelues vnder their fubie£l;on. That is often fpoken of as done by the Perfian,znd a fpeciall example of it is in Darius * Let- d Hcrodstjn ters to Indathyrfus King of the Scythians y vihtxt he firlt Mdpom. inuites him to the fiield,but,if he would not,then,A€ i. prcpw w* Earth F and 5^ Titles of Honor and WAter. But I gheflc,the compofer of the ftoric,in a later age,was bold hither to transferrc it,as a fit form of command forhisfuppofed^W/W^/er: Although f Druf.Obfer- I know,a moft f learned man,of this time,makes it in- uat.ii.cap.xo. different to both Empires, grounding himfelfe on that of Judith jwhich indeed, without fpeciall regard to pro- fane ftorie, cannot be vnderftood. Nor is this cuftom g HiJl.N.tt.ii. altogether a ftranger doubtles to that which g Vltny cap.4. fpcaks of; Summtm ( faith hee ) apud antiquos fignum VitlorU erat t Herbam porrigere Fitlos 3 hoc esl/erra & al- trice ipfk humo^ejr humatione etiam cedere : quern morem etiam nnnc durare apud Germanos fcio. Whence came the phrafe Herbam dare.ov porrigere for yeclding,appli- h Nonius & ed h moft of all to fuch as loft in Games of running, Feftus. leaping, wraftling,and fuch like. In Agontbw^mh' 1 par- ilnAntiqitita- ro j h er y am m rnodum palm*, dat aliquis ei cum quo con- ti .apk eruu ten ^ ere mn CH p lt ^ fatetur effe me/tor em And the ta- king vp of filn amongft water out of a Well was m- k Semmat) A- tcr P rctcc ^ as a promife of the Dominion k of the Sea, tbea.Divnofopb. t0 tnc Athemans in their facrifices inD- gefl.Rt&. nes I Angliam Comes (laid one of his Knights) Rex fu^ wam.af.camd tHrHs; and| e *Py in S tnat m * nc had brought vp Sand and sntLdiquus. ' Earth {in his hand, added ; Tea and you haut taken Li* n JnCaligul. Ucrie and Seifin of the Country. But, this fomwhat ouc tapj.V'id.Trcb. Q f t he way. That of King of Kings hath been vfed by Toltin Valeria- other Sutcs kefide any f t h fc Empires. After the fhut *' Perfians, their neighbours the Parthtans had ir. Regent o ConH.Vor- etiam Regum & exercitatione venandt & conutllu Mc- pbyrogemt.de giftanitm abfttnuijfe , quod apud Tarthos tuftiti) tnflar efi f *dmimsir.Rom> J s the report or n Suet on vpon the death of Tiberiu*. Jmp.cap.44. whcnce,it feems,k was left long after to • the Prince ToBjnraUri- °*" Armenia - > ft,Je ^ ^?X UV W A?x° v7a>y > u?the P rmce ff tftf.Princcps Princes , as the elder Valerian was exprcffely titled in Principum, letters of m Eaftern King.Of the Egyptian Sefijtris, before. Firftpart. 55 ieforc\ How the Wcftern Emperors affected it, I re- member not : only,as you know, the ieft, of Maximi- /M*,was,thac whereas others were Reges Hominum,hee was Rex 'Rcgum , becaufe his fubie&s would do what they lift. Its found among the titles of our Soucraigns Anccftors, when vndcr them they had Kings for fub- ie£tsjna Charter made to the Abbey of Malmesburj % in dcccc. lxxit. you may read : Ego Edgarus tonus jilbionis f Bafileus , neensn maritimorum feu Infulanerum Rcgtim circumhabitantium*And in ° another dcccc* o Pat.z.Ed.4, ixiv.the fubfeription is : ^ Ego Edgar Bajiletu Ah- part.6.memb.i$ glorum & Imperator IZfgum Cjentium. Note the Maie- f r ^ Con " /tie of his title,well iuftirled by his own conquefts.7^- * cum ingenti Claffe (faith Florence of Worcester) feptentri- onali Britannia circumnauigata t ad Legionum Vrbem ( vn- derftand Chesler; not Leicester ^% fomc \6\y)appuht t Cui Subreguli eius oSio Kinathfu fcilieet Rex Scotorum, MaU colmm Rex Cumbria, Utfaccus plurimarum Rex Infula- rum(th\s ^Maccus is,in ^Malmesbury , called Maccufw jirchipirata ; I fuppofc him then a King of Ireland , Man, or fome ad ia cent Ifles ) & ttlij quwq 3 Dufnallus, Siffrethus,Hudwallus s lHchillH6x( all Kings of Wales ) vt mandarat^occurrerunt } efr quod Jibi fidelesjcrra & martjCo* cferatores ejfe vellent jurauerunt. Cum qutbus die qua* dam fcapham afcendit , illiffe ad remos locatisjpfe clauutn gubernaculi arripievs,per curfum fluminis De and cites S. Gregorie Writing to K.Etbelbert of Kent, & turn quaff Conftan. tmi Magni fuccejforem alloquenton. I confeiTejhis Geni- us muft haue better rnderftanding of S. Gregorie then mine, or els there is no fuch matter to be collected in him, Firftpart. 37 him. You may fee his i Epiftles. But hee may not be t GnmXlh : blam'd for infilling vpon Censtantines birth here. Its E^jl. 59 ^r 6-8.vbi. Jtantme Forphyrsgennetes (hee was Emperor 01 Con ft an- ^rit arnica mi- ttnople about r>ccc. xx.) aduifing his fonnc Rcmanus terjion Ritan- tnat hee fhould by no means mar; ie a ftranger,becaule ***> vein pro- all Nations diflonant from the gouernment and man- cu ^ rum non * ners of the Empire, by a law 2 ot Conftantine the Great, nuJ i ls * eftablifht in S. Sopbtes Church, were prohibited the heigth of that Honor,excepted only the Franks, addes reafon of the exeption t-n x} m'©- (i. Conftantine the Great") - 7 Uu yiycjiy &<&% ,ffl tuwtu>v '1% yt.i?toV) becaufe Con- ft amine was born among ft them : which could aime at no other country but Britain. For where , in Europe, hath any man fuppofed him born,but here,orinD^^. ? And the barbaroufnes of ' * Conttantin , f t&CU art tt* t^ci ltDl5. But none of thefe fo really iuftifie the fupreme title of Emperor in our Soueraigns,as their own immemorial- ly pofTcft Right. Remember what I haue before of luxm i i. and obieruc that vnreafonablc and moft vniuft requeft of the Emperor LerscsoS Btutcre to our Fdmtni i i i. in their mutuall ialutations of State ac Colegne. The Emperor thought much quod Rex AngliA (faith rVdlfingbdm t fuhmfit dd obuU pedum Juc- rum m Cut, nficnlem futt quod Rex An did Rex erat tn- ' uncius- (fr hdhet vitdm & memhrum tn Poteftdte (ma. Pi non at bet je Jufomttere tatttum pent Rex auw> LutrttM.iSz- Which I the rather ci:e in regard of that vfe among _:anrum fom of the Roman Emperors to be hooord by afciHe to the r Feet. For,whereas it was vfuall either to kifle the Images of their falfe Goes , or adoring to ftand .hat off before rhem, folemnly mouing their right ?i. hands to their lips , kiiTing thc d forenn£er joined with i^.i 8 - the rhumb,and turning about their bodies on the fame grin. 3i.c0m* hand (of which form, a good relicue is in the Court- vs'h falutations vfed in moft places at this day , as learned irgfjj c raen haue obferued ) it grew alfo, by cuftom , that g .:. Princes beeing next to Deities, and, by fome accoun- ted as Dcitics,had the like done to therein acknc ledg- : Firjl part, *p ledgrnent of G:«rnes.N\v,:: '-v^ r.c: wanting to fern of the Roman Gcneralis.. before the Empire began, as the S:o::e c: Ct:o Mw rro.es , whofe Har.es the Army, m foeciali honor ofh'm a:_ his ceparture , k:f:, beeir.g 2 :Y..;:ur which :cv r c: r:i p_i£ce m thcie :- .. daies received amcr.g the Remans. But :c: V iv.r.g the :;:.:-,; mouth 'to err;:: chit cf 5.znw>. ;o i",:.;.-. ..-. r.is annci:;- : - - :: - : ting , its arraran: th:: in the I'jlisn Emrire :t was **' very vfuai! 2: f.rrr, :#/.♦ :;;;;;;aj 'faith Sk;::-n.c: 7"'- r_~f.'..T ^r;;,;y pr;^;;;; ^"v. Yet his E^ S£ii = fi tC.em.fo hi^in^ : .e:7:h;.": : t.:";/ TrVreaVmg cf ^^-I^aicne tells euerv man enough c: tr.:t, But..'/- hen fern cf his fuccefibrs cciilo net ec. '.tent tr.emielees with the name of Man, but wculc be cali'd *V;;:fr.be f_. rcs'c carnal- ly to lie w;h uV 'irfi.: sno the Mccn , aec wife inf.rie fuch like fanaticue conceits feerr.ee to : u em.felucs D.- uine , they were no: iatifhed with that \f~all cuftcm, but though: him much to wrong the-.: mzirfhe which in k ~. : .:.z rrefumed aboue their Fee: , altccugn feme permitted their Hands, and Knees to the better rank. Examples cf the Fee: ar.c Hands are m -: Of^.V-^u \ y " :: C in him firf:,' and cf the Knees, Fee:., anc Hancs in the -' J'cncer J,i*.xi*nr. ; vet his rathe: , tns clcer J>?.'x.ir,:>i although a tyrannical! arc meft v. icked Prince. v. cu'd fc iLtrer none to his Fee: ; D?' ?* : nc ; «x: ' were his . V. Ores , c; stti :s r:m:-:w/L *:*: write/ :z:.}..- ]' C tec bv Ed'.C! :r; em:>:.;;,".yii r?Kfr:; .;; ;-'•;>?;; i/\ : .'TV, ainint',: ;xr~>:A",: :/L..;;*^,r::.;, /r..w\\ r : ■«■»;■,*; . en- «?/ •;..: '; ;.• . As the Bimep cf £.->%/ doth for tr.efe which km'e h.s Foot ; being in a c:;mi":n - veiue: fhooe with a coL : J ' '■•' cen crcfie on ::„ A ceremenv anr.enuv v:ec to ctr.e: k Bifftors 3".c ^:e:t Prelats as wel :s '.he ?cre.B^:. ^ .-;■•". -'*'.*§ ci this cuitcmtoth: Em?crcrs. y 5;Tr;^ r'/ '.-ich^r ■"*.■ j^ . . . 4-o Titles of Honor. fuperbumjte dicam impium hmc morem (quid n.homo.inl fra hominemjoominem abijcis f ) Precipes aliquot fccuti, fed non e bonis. And of one of their bcft Princes, t^- ! LmpridiMin lexander Seuerusjs deliuered, l that Salutabatur nomine, eittt vita. hoc eft, Aue Alexander. Siquis caput flexij]et y ant blandi- us aliquid dtxijfet vti adulator y vel abijciebatur y fi loci eius qualitas patcretur , vel ridebatur ingenti cachwno,fi eius dignitas grauiori fubiacere non pojfet injuria. That, to the t lff .' Knee, was of later time in the m Eaftern Empire, which Sclaiioncap Conra " iii. extremely diflikt at his enterview with i5.edit!Rei-' Emanuel Comnenus, neither would he, for honor to the ncccij. Perfon he did beare (being Emperor of the Weft) {o vxantacu- mnch as permit the Emperor Emanuel to fie and rc- %cn.hift.ij.i6. cc j uc a fafe Q c f a i ut2C j on f rom him Handing. Where- upon the matter was compos'd by their Counfellors on both fides, fo, that in Equls fe vtderent , & it a ex parilitate Conuenientesfedendofe efr efculando falutaret. Nei- ther would Muleajfes, King oi Tunis , kifle Pope Paul in. his Foot, but Knee only. Kiffing the Hand is yet vfuall by Inferiors , or by thole which giue token of their feruiceable loue to Great Perfons ; as it was an- . . cicntly n alfo. And forne reafon for it may be collecl- ritetTZpfi. ed out ofthat in phn J- lrie fi ( faith ° he ' tn aI v s p* r - Se?icc. Up. 119. tibus qmdam rehgio, ficut T) extra Ofculu auerfa appetL alibi. tur, fide porrigitur. It hath been, it feems, deriued out o Hift.iuc.tf. of u4(ia into Europe. iVhen the old Pcrfians meet ( faith j> Hcrodot.in w \ ne p aut0 r ) you may know whether they he Equall or q^Hacfcre not »For in Salutation they kjjfe each other, but if one bee phrafi vtitur fomwhat inferior they kj(fe only the cheekj : but if the one D.Mitthxap.*.. be far re more ignoble (w._9.atq-,ide j a n s j own anc [ a£ l 9res the ot her, Wher e,notc by the way, folib 2- C " r ~ ^ c worc * "P ™""® wdorQ. And as Adero hath its dc- cumbcrc. riuation from putting the hand to the mouth, quod ad r Vide vcro ora fiue ad os manum ( or rather digitum r falutarem 9 Ucfych'iumin whence the forefinger had that name a falutando )ad- Afli'Xi*$'*L w^w/^which.aeainft other idle Etymons, will be to- ft 1 Bed. Ftrjl part. 4.1 ft'iSed, fo«p8«sa«i$ truly interpreted in Adofculor(\f the composition bee lawfull) or ^^7-0 ; both fignifying to honor by k}jf ln g the hand, Qui n. adorant (faith SJffie- f Be fenf.com> & rem) folent deoftulari manum & capita fubmitt ere & RvffinJib.i. Hebraijuxta lingua fua propnetatem , deoftulaticnem pro vtnerattone por.unt ; whercu: or hee turns ^-'Vy^'S in Pfa/m.ii.Adoratefilium y wh\ct\ others make OfcHUrmmf- //£.And,that in this fenfe, Ador arc is alcnejaken 3 this paf- fo*cin l Tacittts wUFcnough cxpiane.AVtf deer at Othopro. t uifcritf.u tendens manus ador are vulgum.iacere oft h la., & omnia ferui • verum etiam liter pro Dominations But,the Falling down,added to the adorare& Adoration.wasthe greateftand the/Vr/jrf#honorvfedto- ^ C(TKUJj \ iV no * j l •' r» o rr- t^' ,1 j nunquam pro wards their Potcmats & Kings, lnenc^e haue you adoran co * y^ morePerfarttm& No^/oyBap/Sa'pe/tr/. Which is expreft by profiemere an- ' Euripides thus perfonating Phrygi/u ,10 Oreftes y tiquicus acci* _ ■ *, , *. , ' ,. / piuir 3 vt vidcre' ripeg-'^cggf ' 'apiz ccm.10 And Ipfe(iakh Lampridtusof Alexand, Scuerus)adorari ft. j£ m iii ?rcboin vetuit (that is with the Diuine refpecrr. of killing the hand) cownc,atioi. quitm iamctpiffet Heliogabalus adorari Jtegvm more Per fa- « Tnbedws rum. Another of « Z*j»*m ; Adorata eft more %egu Perfarul ^ ' in }°p' Whence, *y,reprouing him becaufe he wold hauc cue- Uure.:, Q ry 42 Titles of Honor* ry man fpeak to him kneeling. He excufed it, only lesl y he beiYKT fo Jbcrt y his taller fubiecls fhonld be abotte himj % zXcnopkCyro- B ut ' among the Perfians * alio it W3S in vfe to KifTe f*d.i.&-i.& at t h e j r Farewells,as likewife among the » lerves. And m G n ?i°x8. ^ om tmn k that it was^as an honor, in the Roman ftatc, b Plutarcb.pro- to tne,r women whom their b kinfmen on'y ( ( not o- bkm.Kom.6rc thets indifferently as the vfe was betwixt Men ) kift cam devirt. at their falutations , although diuers other reafons are Mulur.viin.lib. deliuered for that matter. And when Eum&ns , in the Los "*" fields , firft faw his yong maifter 'Telemachus , newly come home, c Odyjf.v. • ■ ■ > f-avvos nhvb etyaxToj* • £* w^r himjoe kjft his heady his eyes and both his hands. And when the Argonautiques came to Chircns Den to fee Achilles, Chiron entertain^ thcm,and d Orpheus in „ ^wnt £*&& 'runt tj^srH. Arronantic, kjft euery one of them. Where, and in other examplevic appears that a kiite giuen and taken, was accounted as c v.jivu,cJe a fpeafting and mutuall figne of obfequious e or pcace- lb™v£vbi & ful1 loue ' accordii, g to the q ualitie of thc Perfons rc - adofculum ceiuing and giuing. And in Greek lC fu PP ofcs ' tnat hc fdl on Ucob to bitC him > Tbff.uiuGram. anc * l l iat ^ acobs ncc ^ prefcmly became as hard as mar- i.cap.1. blc,and fo refifted his teeth, In like manner vndcrltand g d.luc 7. that of the S Euangeli(t,7%0* gauefl me no kjffe,but fhet fc.$.c:i?Ao. £?&i \. £ ire Quens^ditcs mot } per Dieu le vos en pri &c* And,who knows not, that, in our French ftatutes our Queens arc ordinarily calld Le' compagnon. noflre feigni- or be Roy ,oi Compame as it is in Br. t ton, and fomtimes in Latine Confors nofirar Anctin the Ciuill*1aw,the Em- prcfles are Confortes At'gutti. Agreeing with this cx- ^ Vulcan in S ^Y ]S tnc °^ Dutch, wherein ° Cjomman jrnd Quena fpccim.lhig.fep- arc M an *nd Wife. A word fomwhat necr,among out tcnt.pjg.6^.& ancient Britons , flgnified King or fome fuch like ; I *^« meanc Cuno , beeing fo often in their and the Gaulijh Kings namcSjaSjin ^unohlin } Cunegla4,Cjffjgetonx } Cune~ dsge, Fuji part. 45 daae-Congolkan, which occurre in C Tacitus- Bio , Poljbim , and others ; and Cpi In old Indian ^tvpo< was. a King , if yon beleeu fome p. Grammarians thence deriuing Ttionyfw-s (that is &*r- q Scaligwn- chns ):vom A^Ww'Ni&n* But, I rctncmbcr,the Phce- maMf.mE*- nix q of learned men flights it as a toy of Daring f ff/'f 4 ^ grammaticafters, as queftionles he might well. In the jL^Jw^" 4 Ionique,n**f«^ ; whence Lycophron calls Jupiter AV9'- £. Siheliaf.Pin- twt vzhpvj) and r Bipponax t % Ohvyt.7nom'nihyaj. The Lybiavs, dar.Pytb:onk.vw$2epj3i**and f^^ 3 ^ 11 * CyyysAefc.for f/?* King of Strata and Hungarie, and K&- AouKct,and ^ceAir^etfor Queen. lumTbeodornt Vow^a. Title of Dominus 0?- Lord prohibit e'd by fome Emperors. Dominus and Rex vfed in ordinary faint at ion s m Fir ft Smperor-that permitted himfelfe to be called Dominus. Fir ft that writ himfelf fo in his Coins* KvpoiandKve^' Amcra. Maranatha. A lew \(h feci allowing Dominus • to none] but the Almightie. A come Ehur 'all reafon of their error. Adonai. The Tetragrammaton name of ' t God , 'when and how. it was f poke n amon^ft the 1 ewes . KuW abfolute/y. Signior^W Senior for Dominus, or a fuperior Cjouernor.h\(\\e\ch.y and Sheich 'among the Arabians. The Perfian Schach, and Saa* Dominus. Spanifh Don. Punlque in Plautus amended. The l^hcenicianjSy x\an 3 and Grecian 'Salutations or Farewells '. Women called Dominx after x T v. Hew Female- heirs y*er9 wont to be in Ward in England.' Lord, of , G 3 Ire- 4 6 Titles of Honor. Ireland ; hsiv it began in our Setter aigns Ancestors. Pope Hadrians letter to Hen. w.about Ireland. Con- ftantins Donation to the See of Romjr. A Ring fen* to Hen. ii. as token of inuesliture in Ircland.7^ Pe- tit Kmgs of Ireland, anciently, A Crown of Peacock* feathers to Prince -John beting Lord of Ireland. The Dominion cf Ireland anciently Key all. The At% which alterd the title of Lord into K ng. Lord , whence its criginall. Lar and Lartcs.lLnUfrD.lLGUCrD- An ejfay of a very ancient rythmicall tranflation of the Pfalmcs, Hkj:. jiDc, Djvhrtn , ani SCrUttjiW. Milbrdi. The name cf Gods to Princes. Antiochus his jpcyliwr the Jcwes Bibles wich Bacon broth. The name of God im~ fioufy ^inen to ^ and taken by Princes. Swearing by Princes ^and by their Gcmus 3 and by their Maicfty; and that among Chrifttens. Pumfhmems cf Venurie com- mitted on the Kings name. N tones cf Idols in Princes and Great mens names. Nergal. Siris. N-lus. Cbfmas a Patriarch fivearing by his own name.Narr.es of great men not communicated to the bafer multitude. Alexan* ders name- by his. requeft impofed on ail the Priesls children for one yeer. * P CHAP. III. 'Or increafe of Titulary Maieftie , other attribute* were anciently giuen to Supreme Princes, which you may call Effcntiall names ,as the other- before fpoken of. Thefe were chiefly Domini and Dij , Lords and Gods : whichjby participation,wcre communicated alfo to their MagiftratSjand.priuat mens Greatncs.That Sefifis King t ij'todor.siciil. a of Egyp:,o:i his columncs, inferibed , with King of liihoth. a.. Kings, Lord of Lords ^to himfelf. Ba fub Principe, qui Libert at cm metuebat, z . adulations oderat. Knd^CDomftianfin^s one c of his time. e Papinix* Syl- uar. i ./» vq. Tollunt innumeras y ad aftra , voces • * Saturnalia Principle fonantes, Et dulci DOMINV Mfauore clamant ; Hoc folum vetuit licere Co. 4$ Titles of Honor. T^loclcti^n, He fe primus omnium Cfiligulam fofi f faith Aare litis Vificr) Domttia?iumq s .Demi»um pal am diet paf- fw 3 & adcrari fe } apei/ar/ife vti Deum, That Apoftata Ju* Ur.M'fpo- Jtan after his counterfeited fafhion S prohibited it alio. gone. But ; hcwfocuer in publique falutations *it might be (o much auoided by boih good and bad Princes before Diocletian, it is certain, the attribute was to diners be* fore him. Tssim Lieutenant of lun^n the point of S. h ^i ft. Apr (I. ^ Paff/es h appeale.calls C/audjus ablofutely Lcrd.Eud&mot *'*° m ' 16 ' W " in his -petition to <*s4ntonmus i calls him Ku'f/e Ba07A«/~ i Mcetian.ff. ad -AfW/Vt \'.Lord Emfsrer, and the Emperor in "his answer ieg.Rbod.A'tiv-. ftiles himfelf herd of the World; as is before obfciued. c/j.&jRogo And,in a golden k Coin , of the Great and Religious Dommclm- Censiantme ., ftampt with his pi&ure fitting , and his .pcrator,«rff«. Cour _ tgard abollt himTthis infeription isF E L I C I- ufom7"ntur T A S PERPETVA AVGEAT REM /.;. DOM I N. N O S T R. Whereby, and the like our k Adotjh. Occo mo ft iudiciotis * Antiquary obferud , that hee firft in f*&*37- Monies and Publique Titles was inferibed Dominus 1 C***d*t'*r,t. No ji ert Io thc x of CazcihHs his Epiftles , TrMUtu is for the -moft part called, 'D ornate : although .his Pancgy- rouc^to-him, hath principis fedem obtmes y ne ft Dimim locus. And Rerum Dcvnmi they were after called : XjMea Gallia Return m S'ldon.Apol- l/Mr.Pavcgyric. : \wiait, n Quomodo, Jgnoratur adhuc Dominis, , ex iftboc cor- * faith one m Iiuing when thc Wcftem Empire was etien at the lafi gafp. Neither thelc oncly but Haiu alfo was ■ giucn tum^s the moft learned Cafaubon ob- ferues en Sutton s Otismm. For later times , frequent rtftimonic occuncs in thc Imperial (lory.- And the C >ek Conftitutions and .ether Mc numents oi the ( btinif ifUn Brftpcron '\ commonly giue : them the ! »e ^ Ku'f/o/ igLordSi for which in their later cor- UC\m a\ idiom vou ihall oit hauc Ki<>; ,fonuiincs n Ki/) ; and Fit ft part* \y & KtV** The like is and hath been in eucry Kingdom of our Europeans alfo in the Makumedan ftste, where they haue the name of Ameras , Amir , or Amera (ap- plied to their great Sultan) which truely (as that of Sultan doth) may expreiTe' Dominus or Lcrd , deriu'd perhaps into their Arabique from the Caldee tfVU C* ° »-*J?«*«*j Lord^ whom that kind of excommunication ° Mara- J natka u tke Lord cemmetk (otherwise re the fame pur- pofe call VI Simth* or Sematha, as it were p Kfttt tt) ^iiZjhisb. hath its origination. But, of Amers t and Sultans more m ftftv^.v! in thai place. As fome of the Emperors refus'd this ©**/ .intuit. 4 name, either becaufc it feemd a relatiue to fcruns i. 4 *& D.iob^.9, bandjlaue, or in refpe<5t that k fuppos'd (if ill interpre- ted) the fubieft and his fubftance in the propertie of the Emperor (for, in a q Lawyer of the Empire, wee ? VJPf-f^ lead, Domini appeuatione cent met ur qui kabet Preprieta- . ~ f «w e/y? ^//^ frutlus aliemts ft ; & Auguflus , that fo much refufed it, could yet bee very well.contemed to be made a God while he yet liucd.) So an old Icwi/k fe£t, mou'd in point of confeience with error, would by no mean's acknowledge it to any Earthly Prince, affirming, it was only proper to the Monarch of Bea- ucn; God hintfilfe. The author of this feci: was * Judas r Io f e t^ A ?yC d ' of GaMee.vndcr Tiberius. He ancThis followers fo per- ^i**** uerfly Rood for this nominali part of libertie (being, in ether points , meer Tkarifces ) that no Torments could extort their confeflion of this Honorary title to • to the Emperor. This Judas is mentioned in the f New ,f ^1 pu ^' c ^' Teftament ♦ Their Herefic thus generally is fpoken of " by diuers receiumg it from Iofepkus. But I Cannot* be f Confulasde cafily perfwaded that they • meerly ftood on the word Jg^gJ^ Lord^DcmmHS^K^tof, ^ uRab or JW \.Adw % which j fma l.Tom.i. fignifie to this purpofe neere alike. For what is more & cc'fanlQn. common in their and our text of the old Teftamcnt, £*n*«A.2.Si?- then the name of ^Adon or Lord, giuen to fane mea- ner men then Princes? Tkw Jbdll you fay (the words H of 5 o Titles of Honor - of u lacob) to my Lord [^tfVj Efau. Antl in their fa- lutations and addrcM fpeeches, by both Teftaments it appeares, that, Mafter , Z^, or Sir (expreft in the words which wee haue remembrcd) are familiar. I ghefle,-they fuperftitioufly 'did k rather out of that dreadful! refpecl, which the lewes alwaies- had to the Tctragrammaton name of* the Almightie, that is, fVftVi x fybbi Mofis (now commonly expreft lehouah ) which none cuer wMorcNe- durft openly,' nor any* might but the high Prieft fom- i/ »— ..~ times pronounce, and that only in the reaft of Recon- expendas Kh- cmattons celebrated on the tenth of truir month Tifri mer.*.eom.i$. (as it was inftituted Leuttic. xxrii. com.27. and .on- &feq. ly in the Sanctuary in his Bencdi6tibn. And alwaies when it occur'cl in reading, they fpake Adonai i.Lord, for itjVnlefTe Adonai went before or followed it in the text, and then they read it ElohimuGody^nd vpon this difference pointed it (when t^ey had their Points) ei. thcr with the Points of Adonai or Elohim. It will fo appearc in infinit examples , where our idiom hath the Lord God y the Latine Dominut ~Deus , and the Greeke •.-.«• j KtM>/o*c0«o*. Whereupon with a refpe6t only to the uerf. Her m oven. trantlations , a molt learned and ancient * Father ob- quifane& femes :D& nujquam Adhuc Dowimus. At vbi vmuerja perje- ihuni, Jpologc- cU y ipfumq, 3 vel maximc Homwem , qui proprte Domimtm ticca 'f 3 4. wtcllctturns mtf,Dominus cegnominatur. For indeed it is true that vntill Genef.w. com. 4. after the Creation perfit,the Tetragramrnaton is not added to Elohim , but there firit occurres T^ftV^ jft^v which they read A- donai Elohim i.The Lord God.ks alfo from the Ebrew b VftUoA* ^,the b *Arabique vfes for x^Alrabbu'xXord or Prince. rai?!c ' Confidering then their Iewifli fuperftitions 4 and how curious tn cere"monies ; fyllablcs, titles, words dcfccliue either firjtpart. 51 either in point or Ietter,they wcre,you may with pro- babilitie conic&ure that here was the ground of chat GaliUan feci : thinking it not fit^perhaps, to (tile any Mortall by, that Honorary title , by any other then which the greatellDreadfull, and c vnipeatabje name c a^tov& of the CREATOR was neucr openly exprciled. V&pasy'fjfciri- CWanifefte dixerunt fapientes ( faith d Rambam ) quod effibilcpaffim iftud nomen feparatum (that is Semhammephoras unomen diclum.'v.A$Q- cxphcatum aut feparatum.zs they vfually call theTetra- c *^ff'*?' cl grammaton) quod eft quatucr lit erarum ^ipfiim folumrfiodo d MoreNe- 'eft Jignificatmum fubftantU Creator is , fine par ticipatione bucb.parti, cumjlibet alteripu ret. And awpo^/opisBtf 70 Kt/p/o; ( faith a "M©. later c Grecian) SJWit^k o^y J sis oni voea- ttilum in tifti eft, The pre fen t Sophi is called Schah A- bas i. Lord of Signior t/lbas. So Thamas. and others before hirri haue been titled. It is the fame with Saa g Agttinasbtfi. (2*a)occurring in fom Greek % paffages of the Perft. Rc^ZZ" An Scat#e < and nach * ikc fignificatfon with them ( fo the Vetfkediftmx. ' nc °mS a rable lofeph Scahger h inftrU&s)as Moyificur or 'ZsyirdmB*- Seignior arc with. Europeans, cr Domnus mongrt Wri- cthtojs. ters of middle times, which is vfed often in Caffiodore h Canon.] fa gog. and- fuch morc,corrupted from Dcminw , and is in dif- Wm ~ u fcrent copies frequently fo writen. Of Pipin K. of k Landuhb. France ,faith k one of them, Primus erat m omnium dif. Sagax.MiJcell. pofnione" rerum gent is F rancor Km } qui bus videlicet ohm kjt.zi. maris erat Domnum i. Re gem fechndum genus principari. And the Emprcflc by Oppian in his Cjnegeticon to An- tcmr.MAsjn like form,corruptly (tiled Ac^ya, and ior- AI A AOMNA CEB. is often in Coins of Seueriis, which remains almoft yet in the Italian Donna i. Lady or Miftrcffe. But whether the Spanifh Don haue hence its original, or from *s4donai perhaps deFiu'd through the (JMAurtfb i^rabicjue into Spainj. doubt. The com- munitie of the ancient African with Ebrew or Phoenix cian is known to the lcarncd,as alfo thu.the ProU'tnctal Spanifh is exceedingly mix* wirh that African Arabtcjue which the Maures vie; and I haue .read the cenfuxe of a mod judicious linguift,that the fourth part,at Jea(t,of it, is Maunfi Arabiqtte , which hath its chief root in Pftnicjtte or Ebrevt, Now , the 'Pnniqus or Phoenician Salutation was with the wod Donm ( doubtles from Adon or Adorn) as appears^ if no more autoritic were, in Plautus his ToenHlut ; # A G. Saint a hunc rurftu P unice ^verbis meU. Mi. Ano Donni ; htc rtihijtbtjnqmt verbis fuis. Where Ftrjlpart. 53 Where note by the way, you muft read Aho or Hah* Donm lyiuCiQt Salue Dcmine from ft^which ^Vwe> and remains almoft in. the Latine Baue vfed in faluta- riort-j.and by corruption its likely thejr pronounc't it Baudoni (as in Tome copies it is) whence -that ™ Epi- m j nt boi » gram vpon Me/eager, cxprefling the feucrall formes of lib,$.cap.i$>' Set/Nations or Farewells of the . Syrians 01 Ebrewes^Ph^ melons and greeks 9 •/#.' « M 2t/#* ewi," SAAAM* «/ a? a?;* $0? w£,' n "ftj ^V^ i. N AI A I O 2' «i'«T % tVtui, X A I P. E ' tv fctvii tydovv Pax t'8M*««* vfuat'ijftmum. is corrected by. the diuine ° Scaliger, reading, for Nalfe i nm tad ' fics.tfvfovis , made of Audom or ito* ^»w. Obfcrue Berof.& atior. withall the agreement of the Phoenicia* and Vunique fragments Salutations with the Roman and later Grecian. Of the Romans forrvvVhatjin that kind,is before. Aod,I rcmem* b^r,iSV#rtv* fomwhere notes that fuch,wbofe names oc- curd not , were vfually called Domini ; for the later Crccians 5 ihe Epigram of Pallada ? fhall ferue % where p Amb^a. he faies that^if his friend receiue any thing of him, he cap.pC. preicnly (Tiles him Ao^jvi - ; the like occurring often id later Writers of thofe parrs. With ys anciently, marriageable women , | -: -_, were ca!lc3 Donnr.x. One of- the inquiries f in Eire ,ij& was.D* V.minahu qua r u;:t & ejfe debent ck iTBomtSw- inKot.tiicit. ne Bernini Regis. fins fmt jnantat* fine non. There being He*.:, del tine- another article, <^ valeHis & pucllis qui funt ejr ejfe de- rr/xpius.^ fi^if fn ntfffjja j)omtr.ii Rcys , which was touc' ing Eozer.de Houc- . • . i " r .-r it & dnmRicb.i. women within the aee of x x t. yeers. tor the Law fil+4%. fecrr.s,that their z Wajdfhips fo long then continued; x idem lib Je and that was their plenarta atas. But ttiofe T>cmwa ■Jom.i. %Vfrc c hi c fl v futh.as were out of Ward for their lands, ~ S3* yet in the Kings bellowing. For the ancient law,here, was, that although after x x i.yeers,the Lord had not to do with the marriage of his male Ward, yet, for fe- male heires the Lords were to prouide marriages at any age,and as often as they were to marric >, and, al- though the anceftors were yet liuing, yet mult their confentt haue been had ; the reafcm being gucn, in refped thai the feruices mutt be done by the husband, a Glanuil.lib.y * ne de inimico fuo vel alio modo minus i done a pc c ap.ii* ffprndgimm de feodo fuo ftaatur Dcminut rccipere. But this law was alterd into what itnow is, for common b mflm\.cap. perfons,by the Statut of b i i i, Ed. i. And, for the u.vidc,ficlc King, by x x x i x. Hen. v i. And in our old Englifh hijsrclis,;wn. Poets.Dames (i.D r min«) is ©feco for Women in genc- lnro». b.^. ra |j ^ aj a fp CC j 3 jj honor for that Sex ; being not out of vfe with vs at this day,nor with the French; as al- fo among the It aliens yDentie for them, is familiar.How Dormnus was \fually wont to bee the title of euerie Curat, Firjlpart. 55 1 Curat, added to his Chriften name,and is now famili- ar Tor Sir to eucry Batcheler of Arc in the Schooh ; aII men know,and may therein obferue the moft different notions and vies made of it. Ciui.'ians will h3ue it* Co proper to their prqfeflion, that all their Do£tors rr.uft bee Ililed by it. Nee debent ab afys ( faith Luc a* de c Penna) quantumcunj^ Maximis y m ecrnm Uteris appel- c A -r Q ^ t - t lari Fratres fed Domini. Contrar'ium facientes puniendi del funt< You cannot but here look for fomwhat concer- L.z .. ning Our Souerai^nsancefiors their Title of tyominks, Sigmor , or Lord of Ireland , which continued yritill .Hen.viu. For this, you mult know that their title to Ireland is deriud from Henry u. although long before, I mean in K. Edgars time, good part of it. was vnder the Englifh C r own. Edgars own words, in a Charter dated the vi. of his raign,and dcc cc.ixi v. of Chrift, are d tsMibt cone c (fit Propitia Divimtas cum Andoru/ru * T r - r r / ^ r • ^ m a lJi jpextmui imperio omnia regna ln{uiarum Oceam cum }his fefoaffi- Vat.\.€d^. mis Kegibus^vf^ Norwegiam 9 maximdmq 3 partem Hiber- prt.6*memb.i$ nix. cum fua ncbihffimaJinitate Dublin a, Ana lor vm reona fubiugare ; quos etiam omnes meis imperus 'colla fubdare, Dei fauente gratta^coegi. But this continued not in his fucceilors. Afterward the Ifles grew too full of Petit Kings, fom cf them concerting their Gouernment into intolerable Tyrannie,which, others not Hiduring,maek fuch a deuided State in it , that occafion , to inuade them, might thence foon be taken by their neighbors. Hereon a defire , of the whole dominion of the If!e, poffeft our Henry i i. for which ( fo were the times and ferui'c opinions , then ) hee fent EmbafTadors to- Pope Adrian the iv.(this Adrian \\z% his naturall fub- . iccijborn at. Langley in Hertfcrdfiire^and had to name e before he was \>GfsJSfehala4 Ereakffeare) entreating e Camder.jn. vt fibi liccret^zs the worcls of M.itthtr? Paris are) ft*- ftititikHifi. bernu Infulam iofiluer intrare % (Zr t err am fubiHgart 'dtiji :s illos B eft tales ad Ftdtm & viam dedacere t en~ tat is $6 Titles of Honor. tails ^xtirpatls ibi plant. v um ; and ft was gran- ted by a Bull, among other thing;, thus fbeaking,5* */- Iihs Terr* Topulits Te recipiat & ficftt DOMINVM I \cretttrJMrc eccLfurum dltbato & integro permanente, (£■ faluJ, B. Petro de jlnguUs Dcmtbiu annua vnius De- nurij penftane, Ss.ne (mutes Ir, tibus Sol /; ChripMS iLttxit (fr qut docun^nta Tt-ici Cknftt.tnx fufie- perunt^d im S.Pttrt & S aero 'ax c~t £ R.EccleJ:* { qxod rua etiam Nob i ht as Rscovnofcit ) non eft dubium pert were * Which notwithftanding- hee and all his Cardinals would neuer haue been able to proue, John of S*nf> hurls (c : ted ordinarily, as he was, Ihbn Bifhop of £ 'har- ms) had chief place in this ErhbatTage.beeing a man mod decrty receded by the Bifhop of Rome. His f i3/ftefogtf.4. f report,of this rratter/;s : Ad prices mess, lRufhi. Re : /i C *M 1 ' t/fn riorum Henrico feemdo t fpcakmg of che Pope^ C7" dedit Hjber-.iam :::re hered-: ficnt liter* ipjlus Tcslantur in I ?*m cmnes InfuU de ture antiquo ex D^aticne Conjt *j earn fundauit & J)otatsit , dicurAur ad Rcmanam Eccleftam pertmere. By the way, for that ct* Cor. si ant ins Donati- on (a vext queftionj if you read Vbi:h Hutten, I .the Cardinall of CiifdJZierem Citthalan t and oihers cf t,hat kir d againft this Donation , but efpecially that m lii'm.deRt- gnote out of the T'.t€ican 3 \\hcTC ir,being writrcn in goj- puo.i.cdf>.9. ^en f ctt crs by one Joannes Corncmer.to 'Dnitsrum , is £2S& ftbftribed v4h U* Iw/.cditam in- ter Epjftolas Sli^ m Fabulam lengi Tempcris m- cwx.lt. *\rrP ro » u i a ? fed vi dr armis qmlibet regnum Uium obtwmt. This K* Henry , it fcems.toUowing the fyllables of the Bull,and his fucceffors hence titled themfelues Lords of lreh.nd y in their (tile putting it before Duke ofGmemtc.Andjm the Annals of Ireland ', you read : loannes filius RegisDomi- nus HibernU de Dono patris , vrr.it in Hibermam anno ttatis [u& duodecimo (which was the xin.yeer from the firft entrance of Hen.n.) and in I confirmation of his , ~ , title Pope Yrban i i i, fent him a crown of Peacocks ^ l ,ciil;rdh feathers; As likewife #V>;.i 1 1 .made Prince ■ Edwtrd &Jm*cbj*i (afterward Ed.i. Lord of Ireland. How King/aba had Crwi.TX Pa- obedience ofracft of the Princes there, and eftablifht oomnBjcmiii Englifh Laws,Officers,and fuch more notes of fupreme . c f Maiettie, Matthew Paris may belt lnltruct you. Plainly, PafduLAO akhough fome iucceeding Princes wrote themfelues r;-..' -.:?.<.:$• but only Lords of Ireland , yet their Dominion was m?at.i%Mah meerly Royall. They had their IusliceSyOi CrsJodes, or H" 01 *^ Lord Lieutenants or Deputies ( as at this day thev a*e I called; 58 Titles of Honor* called) of Ireland, which were, as Viceroy s y by Patent, wich moft large Power delcgat in the very rights roy- all : then whom, no Lieutenants in Chriftendome ( as our mod iudicious Antiquary ob/erues) comes neertr Kinglike State. And Richard n. being himfelf but in n ?at.9.Rhb.i Title Dominus^ytt crearcd n Hubert of Vere (being then Earle of Oxford) Duke of Ireland,\\'ith Commirtion to execute moft infeparable prerogatiues royall. Which had been ridiculous if in fubftance hee had not been as a moft perfect King of it. But, in later time, vnder o StatM'ibnn. Henry villain a ° Parliament held at Dublin (Sir An- 5$.Hf».8.fand all the premises vnto the Kings highnejfe his heirs and fuc- ceffors for euer y *s vmtcd and knit to the Jmpcriali Crotone Firfipart. 59 CtOtottfc of the Realme of England. Thus much Pope Paul 1 v. afterward confirmd to K. Philip and Mary Vvith de P oteHatis plenitudine , Apoftolica ant or it ate, Re gnum HibernU perpetuo erigimas. And in the ftile of their Parliaments it was henceforth calld Regnttm or R$alm % being before only Terra HthernU : Of which, enough. In origination of our Englifh name LojD,whereby we and the Scots ftile all fuch as are of the Greater No- bilitie uBarons^s alfo Bifhops , us not ealie to fatisfic you. In our ancient Saxon it was writen Hlajrojioe, and was a relatiue to J>ecp and %ecp man \.a Servant or ^Bondjlaue and Tenant^ox. any Title or Djgnitie.To talk of Allodium or Allodins , to this purpofe, as fomc do, is more then idle. It would be neerer our prefenc pronunciation if you drew it from Lars or Lartes (for p Lart:sTo- fo alfo is the firft cafe vfed by p Cicero) an old Tnf- lumniusPfc- can word fignifying Prince , or fuch like, as a q great fyp* c *9* man deliuers by coniec c ture, whence you hsuc Lartem q jtfscaStM Porfenam and Lartem Toltmnium in Liuv 9 Plutarch ,2nd Property. Halicarnaffetu ; and Aremoricus Lars, in Aufonim. But Lar Lartps (faith an old r Roman) pr&ncmen eft fump- iT'it.Vrob.Ztjt* turn a Larihtu • Tufcum ant em credit urn eft pranomen ef- de~S em-Rat. fe. It were not much ftranger,at firft fght, to fuppofc this Lar or Lartes to be hether tramferd, then that Lar fliould yet remain ( as I haue feen fomvvhere ncted) a word, for a ehief houfe^bout Baj/eux in France. And many worfe etymolegies make their authors proud of them. But I know you cannot but bugh at this, and I will fo,with you ; touching it only as ther is fuch communitie of name twixt it and our prefent idiom, or rater twixt the Scottifli Lairds , a. degree next be- neath Knights among them. It was afterward pro- nounced HauerDarfd Houcrfc, as you {hall fee among other teftimonies,in this,beeing a metrical! tranflation of the firft Pfalme, tranferibd out of the whole Pfalter fo turnd and fairly writen (about Edward n.his time, I 2 as 6o WBibliotbeca. BodleianaOx- ontf exemplar Tfalmorii buk *oflro perfim'ile &coinfull ncgbt fa ffo D c of&co;mcbngobe xi BotfatbelagboflLoucrDbisfcilbcci £n& bis lac$ ibink b* nigbt an& Dap. x 1 1 3n& al \)is lif f fern fal it be, 05ttfarr$beatrr, Ebat If rente of foater fett is nere, ffifjat gifes b** fruit in tpme of pere, 2nd lefe cf bim to d :eti c nogbt fal, Wifat ftoa be 000 fal founof till ah xr $ogbt ffoafoicfecbmen : nogbtffoa. J5ot al* Duff tbat fcrinD the ertbe tag fra. v 3toD tberfoj toiefe in Dome nogbt rife, $e ftnftiU in rebe of rigbttoife* ti iFo^lLoaerbofrtgbttoifetoottbefoap #nDgatcof UHcUfojtoojty falap* Gloria Patri 4 b T lit for Tent, c Spetlejft* JElilTe to i^aber anu to tb* feonc, 3n& to tbe bolp Otift feuitb tbem one 310 firff foa0,t*,anD ap fal be, 3n toerlo of toecla cc Unto tbe tlj;c. and in the x v. Pfalmc, i 3Loaerbt»bomtbt b 2CelbV)bofaItoun 3n tbi b*U billc o? tobo reff mun i ii ^e tbat income* 'tocmles, flno cuer fcirUcs t tgijttoifcnclTe. The Ftrjlpart. 61 The more willingly I infcrtcd them alfo , that by this occafion you might taft an effay of our Anceftors ncatnes in their holy meeteis,which,howfoeuer aboun- ding with libertie and the character of their times, yet haue,I confeiTe,my admiration. BLaucrt) and llcuera indifferently oceurre in old Robert of Gloce&er. But note, in the more ancient Engltfb, Saxon, or Dutch, not Hlaporibe is vCd for Domintu^ where Domtnw is attri- buted to the Almighty ^ut vfually £D:i{}ten or Eruclj- tin, being the fame words varied i as r; Djid,'cen pars ypjix- Ye fj ~ cen 'o'xy porioy *co Moyf e i.The Lord Jp-kf thefe words to Mo.fes. And c ©Umfcil H £:rucr)tin(08t3irraeio i. eruicanin £/^ fc jfo ZW g^ o///W ; and, in our Ladies s F" m - Lt *l' Magmficat ^ifektlfo mm £a>cla ttucfctui. \SJMy fiule doth magmfie the Lord. Now fith this Crutrjftn feems to haue fomwhat of jECrutlj or Faith in it , and that llooforllocf, in old Saxon or Dutch, iignifies J^aitl) alfo, as one of that Country, f phantaftiquely rauifht ( l.Gorojt'uts with the word to other purpofes, tells me, could I af« Hieroglyphic. %< fume liberty, as he doth in deriuationj might with ca- sing about, frame the nature of Feuds, or Patronage, which confift in mutual! faiih twixt the tenant or clu ent,and Lord or Patron,out of the word* But I will not,nor dare I. One § deriucs it from fclafe-affojt), as g Fcrjlegan. if it were eiTentiall to the name, that he which bears ca h l °- it (hould be a lafe,lofe, or JB?ea>UCr , and fo Lady from l)lafe-&te i. a Bread feruer or diuider , referring his conceit to ancient ( now worn out ) hofpitality. That fatisfies mee not ; if it do you , then will you lefle impute to my ignorance.that I haue not here fur- nifht my felf with any probable origination. In thefe and the like,where I fee no better ground, for certain- ty of conie&ure, I abftain from further inquiry. By reafon of this word &GJD , which particularly applied wee make ^u&QJd, diuers outlandifh writers call our Noblemen Mihrdt and Mildrtes \ the ridiculous vfe I 3 pro- Titles of Honor. h Cyrill.aduerf. lulian.lih.S. Iofepb.Arcbto- log.i2.cap.7.& lib. 1 9. cap. 7 . de Hcrode. k Diodor.Sicul. in excerpt.zpud Photium. 1 Acl.Apo[f.w com.n. m Amm.M&Y- ce.lin.bift.ij. n C*t° iff Orig. ap. Macrob. Sat.$.cap.i. 6 JfT\ct^d Lycophro».& lo.l-^et^hM- *d.i$$. " proceeding from their ignorance of our language. Its no where fo frequent as in the Epiftles of that Spa- niard Anthony P ere'* to the late EarJe of ElTex. Tou- ching the name of Domww,5LQiD and Stgmor y hither- to. That of Dtj or Gods plurally, attributed to Great Princes , none that hath read the old Teftament can not but know. Yet good h autority makes in moll of thofe paflag s,to be rather noted the generall dignity of Mankind^then titular fupremacie of Princes.lt were hard to endure fuch impious flattcrie,as to giue them the name as it is truly Significant ; as the dilTembling and vnconrtant Samaritans did to Antiochw Epiphaxes, filling him, in their Epiftles, God, who pad indeed to his vtmoft,profaned the holy Temple of the true God, molt cruelly handled the Iewes,and in k contempt of their law and Diuinitie, compeld them eat Hogs flerti againft their inftitution , and with the liquor ftraind, wherein it was boiled, daubd and abufd as many of their Bibles , as his wickednes could light on. So the bafe-minded 7*B^j,withacclamationS;aflirmd Herod A- gnppa no longer Man but a Deitie ; a touch whereof S. J/,/^ hath. The Perftan Kings title challenged as much to him in m that: Rex Re gum Sapor , Particeps Jyderum, prater So/is & Luna, Conslantto Ctfari Fratri meo faint em plurimam dtco. And that Rut than Mez*en- tins commanded'" his fubiecls to offer to him all fuch facrificcs as they had deftinat to the Gods, thin- king indeed that no Deitie was abouchi»ifelfe,whencc he is titled Contemptor Diuum in Virgil, To thefe,like may be added of the Roman Emperors' , made or ac- counted Gods hi their life time (for of their KvoSiv- ctt after their death , nothing belongs here to vs ) as Auguftusjnd diuers worfe after him ; and that of Be- lus remembred in the firft chapter ; with much fuch more among the Grecians, where ztuut_:e of hi DeiLs cxr:e7." > : su^-i^/nat- ..-:-: :.. " _ " ' :}z.--::-;-:..:. : B%F»B«k6fcS • ; . :.:: :.;-..: ::= ::::: - that Church penances,but no o:he: lfl :: T :s r p:o- _ ::: ':: :~: :::.-:: : n :"..": : .- : y 7.: :'- = n: e ::. :':.: ;:!y 7 :: :ngue 7 ; - 1 - - : :.:_: " 7 :'.:■>.::. ::v. ;V>:: :.:. ;.-., sr.Cc:7 muuael ^Mwa^abcot c i D .c x 1 1 1 : . : I * I Chrirt,as is ■ c: : :cL Bat all this (couching fwearing by the Primce or Emfcrvrjnb his ^rwue^had its originaU oat of ? : \ :.: - c.For,that ptmiftunere of Fuftigatio:: bg ^ h sC ^ r clantm :7*r*t9m ex im f Um . Imrdt vbis , jrr rongue [cite -» a fa &. Chrirt,as is inng by the : amfmxc wentat. Take, wkhall; that of: H Ittrxxda^ tmrnm per rumen pimmm/ 4 :h weD the naroecfth: 7-icue Pa- -jaak v ^ i ' -'y* They called 5 tbem a i £**- riflian limes, agreeing, v,:th whac is already ft: te forme of their MihtUfn* FirftparK 65 erAmetiti-tm 5 the folalers osth; Iterant auttm (f*kh my author, liuing abouc ccc. lxx, from our Sauior) Per Deam &£hrift*M & S.Santt/m tfrjcr Mmcfi&emlwh- g Vegti tit ft/rndd demotion & im; • prmgil fammsttu^ Dro ttum vel PrtMStw , hr*jt , cum fatlttcr xnm ■;, 7*1 Df? rcgndt *Htqre t This vfc was ancien:lv, among the Egjftuuis ?s is apparent by lofyhs fwea- rins, ot r/:f ///-> cfPh*rMob t A c\ fa later daics, a Rab- bin, that liu'd h about CID, c. lxx. affirmes, that h Abr.jjbm i v ~am:n hadfworn in his time in ^£.:vpt pt was then L~- • gonern'd by 0/;r< '7 ^Vafi tS^ft iiy theKmgs bedk and had forfwom, he was fubiect to capitall punifli- meat , neither could he redeem the guilt r or his weight in Gold. And when Shack lfmael t the fir ft iW;*.go: the Perjum Empire, no oath 1 amongft them was io q great, as to fwcaie £7 /:;/ /j^. Thus it appea-es,how, both mongft Chnftur.s , MaimmetUm and Heatbem i a < ; ^- If - certaine SantiiTzs Regum (as r IhLus Ct at cals it} was r SMetmunlm- fpecially regarded. Whence, it feem's, the frcquencie l:J l "-7- 5 - of hauin^ 4 r Dut> s name m ft* Kmjrs. W3$ io familiar amongft the ancients. The TjrUn 01P 1 Princes r . had rlually the names n£.BclcAftArtui i Abaa/.li\ the Scripture you haue the very name.but inuerted ; Baal-Hanan in Gen, cap. xx xvi. As on the other fide one of Alexanders a Abrah.Ben- diief requefts to the high Prieft of the Iewes, they fay, Dauidmcaba'a. was, that hee a rrrght fo much be honord , as to haue his name impofd on cuery of the Priefrs children that yeer born.Although it be certain that flaues fomtimes b AgtUM^. had the names of greater! Kings. And in Athens b the ca ^ 1% names of Harmodiui and Anftcgitcn were not fuffercd to bee giuen to any bend-man. m The Tu.kes c haue thvir feuerall names vfual.y proper for their Sultans, Beglars and flaues } if my auihor deceiuc not. But \ Gecr g?Mt^. for that of giuing a King the title of GOD (without rlnlr,' refpeel only to his delegat power and fubftitution) you may note Ant.xarchus his ieft vpon Alexander preten- ding himfelf a God, and lyi'g dangeroufly tick : ^ pifTiJ 0€««>Jy(faid d Anaxarchus ) b 7 9 v^k ^/fjunt at ti^T^' ixmfa kUvthx ; i. the hope of our God lies now in a Jpoon- * 7 ' full of Potion. And when Hermodctus in his Poems c ftiled Antigonm the fonne of Phcebus^nd a God,the * V!uUrch - llb - King well anfwerd his fiatterie : But (faith hee) the fW- & °fi ri - Groom of my clofe floole denies me to be Jo. Aftrologers approper certain Aarres to Kings 4 only,and great men, in their fignifications , and fome of them place thofe Regit StelU, f as they call them,in the dodecatemories c pj r i only of Taurtu i Leo ) Scorpio, and Aquarius ; others o- &iattuf.6.cap \ therwife. They haue deliucrd alfo , that euery King § hath a lingular ftarre for the Ruler of his Royall g Apud cant*. life, common perfons hauing only the mixtures of fe- cteyn.Apotog, uerall influences , according to their Genethliaque B- *duerf.Maho- gures. I note it here as it touches their, acceiTion of mUa \ fpcciall and a kind of holy honor to Princes. Regard it at your pleafure ; if you will, but as I, then read it for a RelatioD,but alfo laugh at it. K z Cxfar 63 Titles of Honor. Carfar. Whence deriud into the Roman Emperors title Jt figmfied an Elephant in P unique. The Maures> a Co- lony out of Chanaan in time c/Iofhuah. An inferip* tion of a Columne ere Bed in tbofe times in the now Barbarie. Children cut out of their mothers, facred to Apollo. Auguftus. When , and vpon what occafion it began in them. Other Kings titled by it, denominati- on) to the Roman Emperors from Proumcesy which they tit her conquer d or fetled. Their abflaining from names % of that kjnd y which were ridiculous. Vh&xzoh among the Egyptians. In Iofephus an error. The Queen 0/ Sa- ba, The Egyptian Kings afterward calld all Ptole- mies, and whence. Time of Ptolemv the Mathematu etan. Patronymiques of diners Roy all lines. hgzg,and Amalck. A pajfage m the Apocrypha o/Efther, The Wcfiern part of Afa s calld Greece. A place in ^.Mark explanedXhe Parthian, Indian, Bithynian^Hagarer, & Lombardian Trmces. Cleta. The great honor to the name of Conftantine in the Wcflern Empire.Tcggmt- lar. How the Romans affefled the name Antonin in their Emperors. Lazars,Bulcoglar, Bulcouitz, Cr:te- ifltz, andfuch %Mo(t Chriftian K'wg.Wljen firfl in the French.Ftrsl Chriftian King in Europe . Filz aifne de 1'efglife. Defender of the faith. Wloen and h.w firft m Our Soneraigns* Catholique how and when firfl tn the Spanifh. Porphyrogenetus often tn the Conftantinopolitan Emperors title. Camatcius his A- ftroloqielAsSThe true rc.ifon of that name of Porphy- rogenetus, Emperors children receiued in Purple at the Birth. Purple, when firfl made proper to Kwgs. CHAP. I V. Hitherto of fuch Titles as arc EJfentiall to Maie/ty # There arc alfo, which arc particular for fcueralj State* Firft part. 69 States, and meerJy ^Accidentally Of ihem, id tie firft rank,ftand thofe which proceeded from ihe firft autors of Empires or Monarchies. To none, is vnknown the continuance of C*f ar in tne ^jorman Emperors Title, deriud through the Franks and Romans from their C. Mios Cafar firft Emperor. But not firft which bare that name,as fom * ignorantly hsue deliuerd.Nor a Q\y C:ts E ~ had hek,becaufehe was cutout ofhisMothersbelIy.lt mologic.mag. may be true which Plmj b fayes , that primus C a fa r * Cedrenus, c&jo matris vtero dittos , qua de can fa & Cdtfcnes appcL all J G 5*& m Utu But others were fo calld before him ; and , from g^j "vide. the Punique or Maurifh word Cafar , interpreting an recftin£//i Elephan^moft * learned men haue anciently deriud it, Tbhbit.\n*^fy qttod anus cms in Africa, manti propria, occidit Elepkan. b Hifi.nAt.7, tern. Others at Rome, deducing it from fofaries , qttod J^jJ^, com m4gnis crinibm ( as Spartuws words are ) ft vtero ^«iJEl VerJ parentis effufos ; others quod oculis ctjijs & vltra kttma- Sent Bonorat. uum morcm viguent. Vnderftand them, of him which adi.^Lneidos. firft bare the name. I like that from the Elephant.A- ConjLManafin nalogie will hardly endure any of the reft And in an AnnaLLus ' old Coin ftampt on the one fide with DIVVS IV- L IV S, the other hath S.P.QJR.and an Elephant : which although fom referre to the Plaies and fights of Ele- phants , c jfhewd by the fauor and ccft of Mitts , yet c ?iin * bl j"5> perhaps it hath allufion to that African originall. Bur, ca ^' 7 ' how it could be Punique is not fo well iuliified : The Punique being but a (lip or branch propagated from the Ebrew,wherein (as that admired, and great Presi- dent of the Mufes the moft learned Cafanbon hath al- (6 noted) not Cafar 9 but ^^ fignifies an Elephant ( as alfoin Arabique)which,by tranlpofition of letters,is e- uen the fame with the Greek and Latin Elephas. Hce therefore thinks the word was Maurijb&s Spartiah af- firms it was. But,vnder fauour,was not the old Ms.h- rtjh the fame wuh Punique or Ebrew ? Good autority d Pf$copm de * tells ys thit in the Tmgitana UWauritama(yihzxt the Be//.AW,ifo.i. K 3 now 70 Titles of Honor* now Barbarie is) at Tingis, were two white columnes of Stone ere&ed anciently with an infeription in Phoe- nician letters (they were,fom fay, very neer the Ionique e Terpfickore. or Greek,and c Herodotus cxpreflely affirms fo, which drclchijsvi- had feen both kinds) to this effc£t : We are fled from td^irfium 1 ' the ? re f erlce tflofaah Ben-Nun the ftoyler. Then which, * ioi.' w ^ at can ITlore a PP a ^3ntly fhew the Maures at firft to haue had their immediat oiiginallout of Canaan where , - Ebrew was the language ? And take then this anno- im>r»*m~min . tation ofthenoble Cafaubon in another f place. /» in iiannuii', i. * •>**.•* ww /*• Tar gum Jonathans (i&xth hejivYv^ extat y notione ajpne, ■pro Scuto vel clj/peo. Et fortajfe tnde eft quod,Pumca Un- gua^Elephas Cejar dicebatur ejuafi Tutamen & prtftdium Legionum. But alfo fpeciall reafon is giucn for the dcriuation, from beeing cut out of his mother. Read g Ad Rnc'idos this of Seruius g Honoratus ; Omnes qui fell o matris IO * . v:ntre prccreanturjdeo t/fpcliini confecratt funt.quia De- ns Adcdicim eft per quam t lucent fort tun tur. Vnde tsEf- culapius eius fittus es~t filius. Ita n. eum ejfe prccrcatum fupradiximus, C&farum etiam familia ideo Apollwis facta, retmebat, quia, qui primu4 de eorum familiafuit,cxfttlo ma* tris ventre natus eft. A too daring conceit,and ta fling ill of Gramrnaticall arrogance ! But, whencefoeuer the name is,its taken as the mo ft honorable in the Impe- riall Title; and Iuttiman exprerTely of it,in his Letters h AidTd,?. ** to onc ^ >; >hi$ Lieutenant of the Eait, tJ m? wp*t Ns*p.A.*sp.e6. civt' tLftxTiv®' *W TM BcwheiaK ovpfcowv o^^twoyn^cty \}Ve are graced with this note of lmper tall tJMaicfty jncre then with any other. And the Germans at this day vfe the word Jkepfcr (from Cafar ) for the Emperor generally. From lultHS) his Nq^hew Ottauius had this name left to him by Teftamcnt : In ima frrvt (faith Sueton) Caium Ottauium in familiam nomenq^ adoptauit. Afterward this OUauius in theSenat was honord withtheTitle of Au- gustus aoyv\eioy 77 , n k&t *9$f*m*t % $f ; as Dio's words 2ic 3 i.04 if he had been (trmvhat more then Humane. And non Firftpart. 71 non tantum nouo ( Co Sueton fpeaks) fed etiam amphore cognomme : quod loca quo^ religiofa t &, in qmbus augu- rath quid confecratur t Au°ufta dicantur , ab auttu vel ab miumgeftHguftuue\ and,for the word,cites that ofEnnius jfiugufta augurio poftquam incljta condita Roma *ft. Some xv.yeers, after Julius flaine/)n » the xvi. Kl. of j cenform.de February,thatis the xvn.day of Ianuary,vpon motion Die mtali cap. of L.Munacius P Uncus ,thts Title was giucn him , and 21.Scvu.8r thence is the Epocha of the ^Anni AuguHorum ( as Vipfan.Agripp they call it) to bee accounted. The Greeks turn Ah- 1IJ,Coff v gnttus i -zi$a.sQ',\J r ener able. Cexw'mXy it came from Au- £*0,beeing a word proper in Sacrifice ; as AugcreHo- fttas , which the learned Cafaubon remembers. I adde alfo that in iuft like forme the Greeks had their a v u£». k Pindar hath &v%aptv e//^v^«:as if he had faid Augemus bifthmiacMA hoflioiyOt inferior. And,in Sextus P ompeius^^uguftus is interpreted Santtus* For,things facrificed haue venera- ble refpeft towards them , and diuers Infcriptions to Gods and GoddeiTcs are extant with *Augufto or Au- gutt4Xahabet Queen namd Nkanle\ but Nitocris. And, I am much Herodotus Se- deeciud , if that Morris , which he remembers there fofleosiuccef- in his Ettterpe t bec not one of thofe ccc. xxx. whofe forem in quo namcs he rather omits becaufe of their wane of memo- Svn^ V fti- ra ^ e a & s >' nen f° r lofefhtts his reafon,as the ftorie ea- gia. 6ty perfvvades. The Ebrews write the name f\^£ ; and deriuations are of it, but none worth truLing to. Som think it fignified a King in the Egyptian idiom. O' $ctty'Jvy&T Atyvvj'vs Q&fiM&oyfMuvH ,faith lojephttsj.Vhz* rao among the Egyptians ftgnifies a King. So affirms African , others. And in Apomaz,ars (rather Achmets) Onirocritiques,out of Egyptian monuments, that name often occurres,fignifying plainly a King generally. Af- ter the Grecian Monarchie deuided among Alexanders great Courtiers , Ptolemy the fonne of Lagus took E- gypt and Afrique , and, from him, his fucceflors were all calld Ptolemies with fom other addition ; as Ptole- my Philadelphia, Euergetes, Philopator y and fuch like : which gaue occafion of a foolifh error in fom, fup- poflng, through communitie of name, that Ptolemy.thc autor ohhe Jguadripar tit, was one of the Egyptian Kings, and c Philadelphus ; which Haly Aben Rodoan confutes againft Albuma^ar and others. Indeed, hee was an E- gyptian of Peltifmm i but hud vnder the Reman Empe- rors, which Haly thence proues becaufe i is hypothefes of the ftarres places in his Almageft, are of that time. Its certain,he was vnder the firlt Antonin , and a pri- uat tmn ; but , as foolifhly , calld Phcltidiamts in the tranflation of Haly y in (teed of Pclufiacns* According to this continuance of a name in fucceiTlon , are in a manner thofe Patronymiques or Achemcnida in the Perfian Kings,A vadain the The fj all an, Cecroptdt in the jithenian , from Achemenes , AL-uas y Cecrops. So were the JDampj Kings anciently titled Skioldungs from their great Firjlpart. y$ great King Skiold. The French had their Merouings % the old Kentifh Kingdom heie its Oijcings, from Me- rouee and Oifia. But as to the Egyptians y ¥tolemy, Co a- mong the Amalekjts 9 Agag was a "name for euery * of z MofisGe- their Kings, deriucd into them from Agag the fonne r ^J»^Jd of Arnalek. For where in holy Writ, is found Haman Num.cap.z4. the fonne of Hammadetha the Agagite, lofefhm calls v.i.Sam.cap. him the Amahhite^nd the a CWJ/Targum fy^TyfiQ *H l5,8 ' VVC« >VS WK J - «/'*< PoBeruyof Agag fi,;>,e of A. 'J**^' malec , which withall conuinces a peece of Apocrypha, \> AmMb. where Hainan is calld a Macedonian , in the letters of cap.i6'iom£. jirtaxerxes. VnlelTe you take it that Artaxerxes (^4- hafxertifi)s\\\\n° Eaftward in Sttfa of Perfia might call the more Weftern, burfarre diftant , parrs of AJta^by the name or Macedcn f as the Cjrecians did the Weftern Europeans , Celts, and as the Confiantinopchtans now doejirrf;;^ or Z^*»/,whereas thofe names in truth arc of much narrower comprehenfion. If Artaxerxes let- ters had been writen after Alexanders conquefts , that interpretation might haue been permitted the better. For fince his time its well known that the Weftern Afia and Greece or Lfiiacedon are names confounded. The aurhor of the firft of the Macchabees cap. 1. faics that Alexander oucrcame Darius King of the Medes & PerftanSy xj i&etihJjjtv ayr'awf* vpATtfQ' i^ ifo E >Mcf«t i. and raigned firfi in bis fie ed in Greece. All men know, Sarins raigned not in any European Greece, thcrforc Afia may be vnder flood. For after Alexanders Domi- nion there.being a Greek, and his leauing it to Greet* Ans or Macedonians (to this purpofe, twixt them,is no difference ) it became denominated from the Rulers Country. And hence may that in S.Marke cap. vin* be beft vnderftood : where a woman is affirmd to be E'ttfew? 2,vep-$avixtffetz,es notes that from this detain Amazon) all the Queens which raigned there afterward bare hir h lof.Scalig. name. He means the City Cleta in the inferior Ca- Emendat.Temp. Ubria. And the Princes of the Hagaren h Arabians had ^• 2 ', v ! of Heracltus , thus begins the Preface. DC XX. In the name of the Lord Ieftts Chtji , oar God. Hera- dins and Heracliu* N4©- Kav?a.vTiv&- Heraclitis the Son is (tiled New finftanrwe , being taken in as a partner of the Empire by his Father ♦ And in the Monafterie of Ftrjl part. 77 ofSuluna at Confiantinople, is painted Michael PaUologm and his EmprefTe Theodora, with three inferiptions, the one becing ( as Leunclaw i remembers it , in Latine) J>jjjjf? &*&** thus conceiued : MICHAEL IN GHRISTO DEO FIDELIS REXET IMPERATOR DVCAS ANGELVSCOMNENVS ET NOVVS CONSTANTINVS. And the Turks vfc to call all thofe Conftantinopolitan Empercrs Consiantins 3 zs their name; but alfo Teggtur- lar in derifion {J"eggiur fignifying a Lord of fom fmall territorie) not thinking them in their later times wor- thy the name of Emperor. But this of Consiantm was no otherwife then the Romans vfd the name of An- tonin, lta n. nomen Ant on in or um( iaith k Spartian) inole- k Caracalld. uerat vt velli ex animis hominum non pojfet : quod omni- um petlora velttt Augufii tiomen obfederat. And l Lam- * Bw&weWj pridius to the fame purpofe: puit tarn amabile Mis tern- ^ Ca P lt ^f jn pcrwus nomen Antomnorum t vt \qm eo nomine non mteretur^ ^ e ^ oc nom - im merert non videatur imperium. Whereupon, it feems , ne. was Seuerus his purpofe m grounded,that all his {uccqC- m Spartian Jn fors fhould haue been calld Antonms as they were Geta ' Augusli t And when Alexander Seuerus was by thofe turbulent acclamations vrged to the name of Antonin $ he earnestly and often refufed it , left the very name might breed in them expectation of what hee fhould not in his Empire perform. It was a furname of the tArrian Family ,and firft in Pius when his grandfather (T.Arrius Antoninus) on his mothers fide adopted him. But,when they had giuen him the furname of Pius, it grew to be his name thus: T Antoninus Pins. Others in continued fucctffion after bare it, and with arfecla- tion,cither in Forename, Name, or Surname, vntill the Maximws^nd^s fome of the old Writers would, till L 3 the 7 8 Titles of Honor. the Gordians ; all deriuing the honor of it from Pius and Marcus, The Princes or Defpots of Struia , the Turkes call Lazarsfiom Laz,ar or Eleazar 2?*//£(thefc two being both one name) which firft got that terri- .}, ... tone vpon Donaw from n Stephen King ot TSuhnrie. nCalcbondyl.de r . r> / / < i r n * r reb.Turcic.lib.6. ^ s a ^° i°mtimes Bulcoglar , 1. the Jonnes or pojterity of &Leunchu. Bulk^, which the Sermans exprefle, according to their Vandcct.Tur- Slauonique, Bulcomtz,. So from Crates , the Bulgarian ciccap.tf.&M Princes were Qrateuitz,^ in like ana!ogic,the Dalma- Lazarusi e f ^ Cernouitz, ; the ^Albanian, Karolcuit<, , deriuing A.ciDcccxc. tne ' r nt ^ e out °f tne F fenc h Carotin flock. But molt of thele proceed from the autors of the family or pre- deceflors , and are rather Honorable from that priuat beginning, then notes of publique Maieftie. Therefore haue i briefly f*n them ouer , and come to fuch at- tributes which cxprefTely interpret in particular Princes higheft Honor or Grcarnes. The French Kings haue anciently, as ftilljbeen known by that addition of iTift CfjHttian. When it began in them is vncertain.^5om fetch it from Rome to Charlemaine. Bu: fo it fhould racherhaue remaind in the Empire. Som rtfene it to the Counccll of Orleance^ held, vnder K.Lewes or Clo- uts their firft Chriftiaii King , about the yecr D, But o'Tom.r.Concil. there are no other words,to that purpole. tnen Domino Aurel\.caj).i. o £ H0 ^ Qatholico Scclefia Eiho^Clodoueo gloriojijjimo Regi, ^mthi^' ° mneS Saeerdotes T° S ad ConcHwm v ^ :re **JPft*** * n - Papamhunc' ^'deed m S.Rcmigtus or ^w/zPTeftamcnt (he was firft titulu,inFcr- Archbifhop of Rhemes) that Clouis is calld Chrifh ntf- dinandumv. frntus Ludouicus^nd was the firit Chriliian K.of Great CajltU* Regcm, note and Empire , although this corner of the woiid, transfcrrc 3 in our s n t a in^bouc ccc.yccrs before him had K.Luc; as memorar ex wn ich was in Europe abfolutely the firft Chriftian K. Cominro, that ftoric makes mention of,vnlciTe,you think, T.beri* Mnrinmbifl. us was fo,becaufe he fomwhat inclin'd to Chriflianity, HifpamchbM- and perhaps had embraced it, had the Senat well Jikc cap.u. j t> qc ^- m ^ f cc T crtH iiM n aru j others fince. To the Trench, Firflpart. yp French , diuers bulls of the Pope haue been anciently fent, firing him with that title. And for the credit of that Nation in this kind, one that liu'd q aboue cid. q A~\th\as Hi- yeers h*nce , affirms of them then that xpj&&nl amans for.*. Tjyyjtyxzi «m« *J 7* •f^nvtrf yj'J pivot /o|,» i. they are all Chriftians and mis~l Orthodoxali. He is alfo called the Eldeft fonne of the Church,^//*, aifne de fefghfe, which came to h:m,it feems, from that his predeceiTors were Emperors. For the Emperor t was accounted Motor Ft- r CmdenJm hus Ecctefa^hz K.of France, Ft lias A ftnor, 2nd of Er.g. Rdij. LmdJrtliHs Tertttu and aAdopttuus. Of thefe and par- ticular meflages to him, in proof hereof and f'uch like, his own fubiecls Du H*ilUnJ3teromBignon y Chude Fait- cbetfl* Ttllet and others haue more. But it is alfo cer- tain that in letters from Rome our Soueraigns haue been titled with CbriflianiJJimmx, which , it feems, was before cuftom had eftablifht it as proper to the French, The £«£///£ Monarchs haue had,euer Cmc& Henry vm. the title of Defender oftbei^attb. Hee in thole awa- king times twixt Romanijk and Lutherans., wrote a vo- lume againft Luther in defence of Pardons, the Papacy and the fuppofed v i i. Sac aments. Of this work the Origmall is yec f remayning in the Vatican at Rcmc, f Trandfc. and, with his own hand^thus inferibd* SmrtjwDe&ju Orb.Chrrf. ANGLORVM REX HENRICVS, LEONI X.MITTIT HOC OPVS ET FIDEI TESTEM ET AMICITIAE. whereupon faith Sleidan, Pent if ex honor: f cum regi cog. nomen tribmt , Defenfrem appellans Ecclefa % which is the fame with Defender of the Faith. And one, in his * fpeech to Henry nil. about holy Warres to bee t lo.Taber.o- vndertaken ag3inft Mahumedans , hath tit y nan finftra t ***)Mt.Umdb- dtuino vfpirantejpiritHyhftnc & talem titulitm quern Rex *f! e l % & nnllus habet adept us es , vt Chrijhana Ftdex ( Defc? j or fcrtbarit) 8o Titles of Honor. [crib or is % tenearis 9 & fis. It was giuen him about the xii. yecr of his raigne. Cathohque is as a Surname to the Spamjh Kingj which Pope Alexander v i.gaue as an inheritance to Ferdinand v. King of C a fi l ^ e and^r- ragon. Obferue the Icfuit tJMarianas relation. Ab A- lexandro Pontifice, faith he, Ferdinands puelU pater (he was father to loan wife of Philip Archduke of Anftira) CATriOLICI Cognomentum accepit in pofleros cwn regno trans fufum ftabili pojfejjione. Honorwn titulos Prw- apibus dimdere Ponttficibpis Rcmanis datptr. Erat in more vt in Uteri* Apoftolicis adferiberetur ■, REX CASTEL Ltx£ ] L LVSTRI; Ergo deinde noua indulgent la adfcribi placmt % REGI HISPANIARVM CATHOUCO y nonftne Ob tre- ftatione &invidia Regis Luptam^cjuando F erdwand 9 imperio vmHerptm HityaniZnon obtineret\eiPU turn non exivuaparte penes Reg*s alios. Here then according to him was the. beginning of it, as a title properly denominating and hereditarie,although *Alfonfo (fonne in law to Ptlagi- vts by marriage of his daughter Ormifmda ) and Reca- red or Richard, Kings of JVesl-gothzque b\oud y there long before enioyed it: the firrt,as a furname for his religi- on, and Martiall performance againft the Mattres, the other by acclamation in the n i. Counccll of Toledo^ And in the old Roman Prouinciall, a Catalogue of Kings , is, exp re fling Rex CaftelU , Rex Legions , Rex Tortugalenfis , Rex AragenU , with diucrs others of o- ther Territories, and then REX CATHOLICVS by that generall name. The Prouinciall was writen (I am fure my Copie was) before Alexander v i. yet I cannot vn- derftand who is there ment by Cathohcus, except their King of Aflnrcs , whofe Dynaftie was ioynd about C I D. xx. with C aft ile. For Castile , Leon, 'Portugal and Aragon are reckon'd befide,and that Alfonfo about r> c cxxx.had the Afturian Kingdom,and to him,mo(r refer the originall of Catholicm ♦ Diuers of the C on ft ayitino ' politan Emperors were wont to haue, as part of their title Firflpartn 2i title Porphyrogenete J or Porphyrogenetm • for although there be one of them known by the fpeciall name of u Veadm'ini- Consiantine Porphjrogenetns : that is , hee which held firandoRnm. pa^ of his Empire with Alexander, about dcccc.x. J/»M*/>-45.Fi- a nd was fonne to Leo vi.and whole admonitions of ™™ ltcmF ,°C - ^ n • t ~i j l murium in hbn St3te 3 Con(ti:iuions,and77?^»^r^areyet extant and pub- titulo hoc no- \fi\t 5 yet plainly that was no name proper to him in mine corn- particular. For he himfelf calls other u 4>/Ao^p;^/ x)ncp- pcllat._ Qv&yivvTii BaffO.&sPauetioy. And Bafiltns his Nouels \Qyid fae;n arc yet extantjbeing before them the lame name. So h- j,aut inter j _ manuel Comnenns in his infeription , to the Weflern aosfatis con- Emperor Conrad ill. vfes it. And, in the Bodleian ftat.Maxim^ Library at Oxford , is a ^/>. written fome l. yecrs Ian e dignitatis fince by a Cretan Scribe in jP*rw,a workc o\ one John J^J^^* Camateriu about Iudiciary A(troIog : e } wkh thisinfeip- pnoConto-^ fon ; ladvvxrb KctfjULTnpvy rk&ti r & x YictviKK^.tk^rrii O v&lvI- ftaulo fecun- &f 'ffi ttsipuy fidLSiows , e# cuu<)-\x . /a^ua,^' >y tr* \ \ t V-r {GiKtiuetj ctv*)&?iv \uitn u inee; ovepui^wtut d<;x Xj-n my nop ' expreflcly agree Conftantm Manages , and ■Luitprand ; and a place in jinaflafws touching Constant in vi i.de- piiud of his eyes by his ambitious mother Irene. In- clnfcrunt eum (are the words) in demo Ptipnrea t in qua & natus eft. Hereto I doubt not bur ipceiall allufion c lo.Eiubxi- j s j n t hat of a Greek c Poet , although a Bifhop, yrt tcnf.in Hypom- writing in a courtly form of Fiatterie v to Zee jkmprefle ,.* and wife to Couftantin Monomachm about C I D. L« d Hi/2.5 "i me- ' of Chnft 8 ^ . . * HM*6Ponta- Tj;s tiysvudLt Aei^wJ'j 7>K II O P $ T P A2 nus vcro @-tVjj \5aro th* ytvin»{* i» f^tf Palace Porpbyra was prepard to recetue the Birth.But Pontanus turns Porphyra by purpura , as if it were for Purple cloth,in fuch a fenfe ' as in that e ckudkndc Nupt.Honori/ & m Jtc natus in Oslro Maria. Paruus Honoriades gembm confidat auitis. which I the rather cite becaufe out of it 3 the rcafon pcrhjps of the impofition of that name on the Pa- lace,may be had. If the Emperors iiTues at the birth were receiued in Purple cloth (as it feems they were; others f children in other colours ) what could bee more proper in tranflation, then to giue the name o^. Ce ^ m '^°fl hHm that fneciall kind, wherein at the firft inftance of rheir ™Z ,J a ?* . r '• i • j u 1 i pud IhL Capita- infancie,they were receiud 3 to the place appoimed only im.inclod.Albi- for that receipt ? And howeuer it be fuppofd that the »eFiliusmihi Phoenician Hercules firft finding out the pleafing colour n atuseft 3 ita of Purple by the Dye of his Dogs mouth , that had Candidu * fa- bitten the f fh whence it is , gratified his Sweet-heart porc°vtlintca- with it ; yet a tradition is mongft the Grecians , that men 3 quocx- " he prefented it to the Kmg of Phcenicia,who by edi6t cepms cft,vin- prohib.ted all but* 1 himfelf to wearethe colour,whence ccrcr * the beginning of it as proper to Greatnes(our Scarlet ^„f' ? ,i UtiX ' being now its fucceitor ) is deriued. In the Preface h°Mich?Glycas to Camaterus his Aftrologie ; Atmal.par.i. cap.dcTurrh A*WJ ykyist nofjjvfoCAtfrs xAct/s. extru&ione. Where in like fenfe as in the other te(ttmonies,a com- pound is made of/W/^ra.ThePnnceSjDukeSjOr Kings of Mofcouy were calld,they fay,anciently white Kings y or ■white Princes, Credo autem (faith Sigifmund)vt Perjam nunc propter rubea tegumenta capitis KiflilpaiTa, id eft ru- M 2 beum 84 Titles of Honor. beum caput vocant : ita illos proper alba tegumenta % Albos appellari. But I remember Mufcouy is calld Ruf fia Alkt^nd Poland %hJ[ia Nigra $ ihere mav be ihe names originall. But Gaguin giues the reafon, quod in- coU omnium Regionnm ipfius imperio fubiettartim,vesJibttf albis & pile is plerunj 3 vtantur. Prefter-Iohn. By error fo calld. His true name y -whence that is corrupted. The Abaflens whence* Their valvar , and Cnalde language. Belul Gian . Beldigian. Io- chabelul. How the names of Preftigian in the Eafl Afia, tumd into Prefter-Iohn , was applied to the E- thiopian Emperor^ Pre fti gian i« The Ebrew Epiflle of Preti Ian to the Pope, The Ethiopique Emperors ti+ tie. Cham or Chan. Why the E aft em Emperors of Afia are fo titled,the Turk, and others. Alwaies Vi- ctorious. Carachan and Gylas, two dignities. Car in Scythian, and Carpaluc. Carderigan a Perfian digni- tie,whence. Chanaranges. Cbaianus.Chaganus^apca- nus, whence. A come Clare vpon Fr.VV.de Rubruquis, Vlu Can very ancient in the Tartarian or Sarmatique Empire. Canis in the Scaliger3n family. The Great Chans Scale and title of later time. The Mahumedan Caliphs . Bagded , not Babylon. The diutfion of the Chaliphat and end. The fignifcation of Chaliph and Naib, To whom Chaliph applied. To the Grand Sig- nior in our dayes y and why. A peece of an 0/^ French Letter from an Othomanique Chaliph. Scriph , Iariffe. Sultan. The Turkjfi Salutations. Aphcn- tis, and the Turks title. Amir. Amir Elmume- nin, Amcrmumncs , Miramolinus and fuch Ike corrupted m Story. The Turks allow the Pentateuch, and the Euangelifts ; but Jay that wee haue fcratcht Mahumeds name out of them. Their letters dated with their Hegira, and the yeer of Chnft. The Azoars of the Alcoran* The folcmn beginning of euery Azoac, vfd Ftrft part 85 vfd by them mofl fuperftttioufly. An error 0/ George- uitz. Our K. lohn would haue been a Mahumedan, and fent for the Alcoran. Padifchach. Mufulman. Cefar,Auguftus , Cffarca maieftas Attributed to the Grand Signior. Hunggiar. Ifmael Sophi. The hate and difference twixt the Turkifh and Perftan Religi- on , whence. Imamia and Lefhari. The begin- ning andcaufe of the Perfian title Sophi. KifTilbafli- lar. Eniflfarlar. Perfian Magi. The Magi, not Kings in Perfia {Nor thofejn i". Mac the w, Kings) but in con- tempt till Artaxerxes. UaSoWetu Elam, Elamits. Hot* the Perfians might -well be Mzg\,by the interpretation of their firft authors nam*. Wvat Magus is* Ignorant Francifcans naild Frier Bacons books to the desks* ShachjSchach^Shar^SajXajShaugh, Cheque ( all one) a Jpeciall attribute to Per h an Greatnes. What it is. An error in Bodin about the title of Dominus vn- der the Chabphs. Gelal Eddin. Aladin* The large ti- tle of Chofrocs. The league twixt the laft Rodulph and Ac h met the pre fent Sultan > touching their Titles. CHAP. V. OVc of Europe wee come into Afriquc and Afa where alfo, the Grand Signior % notwithstanding his Court and residence at Constantinople is fitteft to be placed. But firft,of that Ethiopian Emperor or Prince of the Abyffins^hich is commonly titled pjefier SofjN, and, in Latine , Presbyter loannes , as if it were PricH lohn % But , by teftimonie of Zaga Zabo an Ethiopian Embaflador to the laft Emanuel YL. of Portugal, the name is corrupted from Precious Gian.Vov his Ethiopique thus exprefles it. * 3-£| ft A A u Gtan ^ eliil > ^ H0< ^ f omt "^^ V% (faith the tranflation publifht by Damian a Goes ) lo- annes Belul, hoc eft loannes preciofui ,fme altus ; Et in M 3 Chat- . 8 tf Titles of Honor * fchaldaica lingua, Ioannes Encoe ? id } ft interpreters , etiam Ioannis Preciofi fiue alti Jigmficatum habetjo that Gtan Belul is of their true Ethiopian tongue , which they vfe in common fpeech.not that wnich is fpoken and vvriten in their Liturgies and holy exercifes , and known, mongft them, by the name of Chalde ; but, * more fpeci ally, (tiled * Giaem i. Libertie,^/W nvmxrnriL* 'r* (as the noble Scahger yeclds the reai'jn) ea fdi vte- rentur Arabes illi vittores,c]Ui tsLthicpiam injiderunt .For he moft learnedly ( as in all things els ) c'criucs them thither from the Abafens in Arabia whence Sept. Seue* rus had his denomination of Arabians ,a$\n one of his i Hub.Golt% i Coins appears,infcribd with ABASHNfiN,ofwhom Thefpag.1%9' mention is made by k Vramus , an old author of Ara- irzei Tropin A*- bique affairs,placing them in Arabia foclix, which hap- fictpvbs. ' pily falues their deriuing themfrlues from i^ielech ion I Zagtzabo to Salomon (as they fable) by 1 CMaqueda the Queen ap.Damian.a of the South.For, where * Saba is,were thofc Abajfcnes, *'pri whence the Latines haue their Sab&i and Tura Sabxa. Com io' 71 ' Thus, mee thinks, thole things concurre as it were to make vp on both fides that tiuih , at which learned men haue been very purblind. And,by :ikelyhood,how ftiould they fitter haue a fpeciall tongue for their wri- tings and holy ceremonies vtterly differing from their vulgar, then by being tranfplanted out of fome other Nation,and bringing it thither wiih them ? there bce- ing in it alfo a mixture of Ebrtw y Chalde y & Arabicue ; but it is, by them, calld Chalde y whereupon Zaga Za* bo faith that Helen one of their EmptciTcs wrote two books of Diuinitie in Chalde, and tells vs furthermore that their Prince is not properly filled Emperor of the IT ^l* Hll * _ *Slbaffins but of the Ethiopians. The Arabians cal them KmwmTuL m Elhaha f cn from thc ramc rca,bn > as we AbtfTmsi but len^iimcrar. tncv are known to themfelues only by the name of ffg.ici. lthiopiawians. Of this Belul Gian/is made that Beldtgi- an 9 by which, Litis de Jretta a Spanifh Frier faics, thev call Firftpart. $y call their Emperor. But Bo din notes in his margine to his i.de Rep. cap. ix. that his name is Jcchabellnl l.gem. ma pretioja,as he faier. J cannot but preferre the tcfli- mony of Zaga Zabo an Ethiopian Prie ^vvhich in this could not deceiue. But plainly as the name of Pre/L bjter Joannes is idly applied to hiij*, fo it had its caufe vpon another miftaking. For, in the trauaiis of fuch as firft difcouerd to any purpofe thofe Eallern Stares (as they were of later time ) is mention n made of one Vncham or Vnchan a great Monarch in thofe parts n ^ol-Venet, where now the G eat C h ?™ or Chan of Cathay hath ^'Tl'V t u-rN-- ji l nn/^ (cq.Iob.de Via- his Dominion ; and him , they call Presbyter Joan. nlcatpmuc.% nes ; and write that one Cinchis ,whom they fained to &wiU t deRtt~ haue been begotten on a poore widow bv the Sunne bruquis.iti'fie- beames,as chofen King among the Tartars 'rebelling a- rar ' gainft this Pncham, ouevczmc him; and, from this CV»- chis the Tartarian Monarchic hath its ori^inajj. And fome more particulars of it you haue in the J/fe of S. Lewes or" France,written by De Jonmf/e, a noble Baron of France, that was with him in the holy warres. Hee calls him in his French Prelftre Iehan. This relation is of about ciD.c.xc.and hath made ihe readers con- found the corrupted names of bom Princes , tvvixc whom,too great di fiance was to haue the one dcriud from the other. And fome ° rrauellers into thofe parts, o Aloyf.cada- haue exprefTely deliuerd them both as one. But the ^"ft-N^igat. Diuine Scaliger teaches, that, the Afiatique Vncham and ca f ? - 60 ' & Lud% his predeccflbrs were caild ^^u^3 PreftieianL & m „ that is,in Perfian, Apeftokque , and fo had the name of , s , v fje , fi pL Tadejcba Preftigiam y \. Apcftolique Ki*g t becaufe of his czx,Gerardi Religion (being a Kind of Chriftian,as Beldtgian is al- Mgeatmh fo) which jn Ethwpique-Chalde muft be exprefr byiW- Geograpbiam. gujh fhawariawf. Doubtles the community of found twixt Prcftigiam , Presbyter , and Precious Cjtan was a great caufe of this error r which, vntill the Portugalls further acquaintance with the Ethiopians, alwayes pof- k 8S Titles of Honor. felt Europe. But I wonder how the learned CMun- fter was fo much in this matter deceiud,that hec fup- pofes the Ebrew Epiftlc printed in his Cofmographie, beginning ^s^ l H93^fi *U^ i.EgoPrislyujn^o be as fent from the Ethiopian Emperor ; especially fith hee took notice of both the tsdjiatique and tsffrican Prince abu fd in the name of Presbyter Joannes, The Prefttgians affirming in it that Thomas the Apoftle was buried in his country ,makes plain enough that a came from the Eailern partsjf not counterfeited. The tide Lkewife is much differing from what the *Beldigian p T>Amian,a v fes I will onely addc one example out of Beldigian Gm% . c Dauid his Letters to P Pope Clement v i i. in Latine thus : In Nomine Dei &c. Has liter as is ego Rex initio, cuius nomen Leones Venerantvr & Dei gratia vo- cor Atham Tinahil ( that is , the Frankincenfe of the Virgin) Films 'Regis Dauid.filius SoLmon is. films de ma- nu AdartA^ Film* l^au per carncm > films Sanliorum Pe- tri & Pauli per gratiam , Pax fit tibt tufte Deminej&c. The I ke is in diuers Letters thence to the Kings of Portugal/, Bat, for that name of Cham in the Tartari- an Empire,it (ignifies Lord or Prince 3 and that Cwchis, or Cangiut % Qmgis jsx Tcingis (for by thefe names he is known) was calld Cmchis Cham.his fonne and fuccef- for Hoccota Cham,ot rather Chahan or Chan\ although q Atatth.a Mic- a 1 Polonian , which fcemd to haue much knowledge borvde Sarmat. in that his neighboring country , long fincc deliuerd Afi.in.lib.i.tS. tnus . l m p era t or eorum (Tartarorum ) Jr Tli Ki lingua ipforum , hoc eft , liber homo dicitur, Dicitur & Vlu Cham quod fonat Magnus Dcminus, [me Magnus Impe- r IDog.lmpe- ra tor. Vlu n.magnus ,Cham vero Domtnus & lmperator tjittCW'tit-i e fa Eundem aliqtti mavnum ' Canem dixerunt , e~ male etusclt , vbiqj . ' '\ rt ~. r r Odoricoinl- interpret an [tint , quia Vlu Cham non pgmpcat magnum tincrario, &I. Cancm : Cham ctemm cum afpiratione r Domwum& lm- dePUnt Carpi- pcratorem : Et Cnm,finc asfiirattone.cruorcm & nunquam nim cancm fermoii* T^rtarorum defignat. For the tranflation of Fitftpart. 8p of t Haithon the Armenian out of French into Latine foaiihmAm by 5^/c^A.cio.ccc.vn.hath v&zWyCati notChtm. BoruitMona- And the Turkifh , which is but Tartarian , interprets chusfubA. Prince by Chan,not Charn^nd Chanoglan, with them, ^foXurcbam is f£* <&ww* */ f£% the Court of the T^r/vw^the jw is well permitted , be- ^ caufe of pronunciation. The Turks alfo call this Em- peror Ylu Chan in the fame ilgnification as a Mick aw hath written , ne'ther do their Grand Sigmors abftain from this title of Chart, Amnrad or LMorad the in. \(d it ordinarily thus : Sultan Mxrad Chan bin Sultan Sdim Qhan elmuz,afern da'ima, i. Lord CMuratk Tnnce , fonne to Lord Selim Prince . alwaies Viblorism. Where „ , - - note,witn t LcHncUr? y the agreement ot their i/ilv>aics c } ccap ,^ viEloriotts with femptr tAuguHui , femper inmcltts. In kifi. s\lufu!mx- their Ottomarnqne line is one Carachan (Kara Han in nia. R.Zaccutk) fonne of Ctitlngeck^ , which had hence, that *£p/?.^ r - laft part of his name.And in thofe great* irruptions of ^BdSSrii^* the Tartars, about the beginning of che Othcmamque Lg.s7<. Empire , occurre the names of Great Princes , Tartar Ckan } TkeJyr Chan, Chuis Chan, and fuch more. But a- moneft them diuers are mifprinted with Than for * v—%- «, Ctoz,and one js called Chtarthan, which I doubt not Aogeres Mili- but fhould be Chtar or Car Chan. So in FrtcJfart,jou tares,idioma- haue Lameraba quirt 9 pWin\y for */Hmuratb ^kan^nd^n teilloOpien- De Ionmlle, Barbaqttan'Eivperor of Perjm , whofe laft ^ E f ic f* • • y i f. ^3 >. Vf « dicta: (vndc termination is perhaps this C0 Rlcr6 f° ! -y m * lai and Carchan. But, faith hce, Gylas and Carcktn are u C ^ c ' ^'m'mi^ • not Ovi^ATzt KveictyA^A et^iafjLATu i.not proper namcs,but fymjmpcr* Dignities. ^Vhac Gylas is, I confeffc, I haue not yet ca/>.4o. lcarnd,but my author sffirms that it is ^cy n Kapx* x G:ul ^ Ko fi Turcicc Mc{i- N Kit \.gr cater then Carckan. VnlelTe perhaps in bold deri- i" uation it might be fetcht from the Turkifh word* Gh ^ .."J/^' r " po Titles of Honor* y WiU.de Ru- hr uq. in Itinera- ri§. z,el i. Faire.Vox why might not one gheffe,that Gy!a4 may com from fom fuch an etymon feeing that Carchan is Cara-chan uBlacl^ Prince or Lord in that language,as all agree. Faire,as well as Black might denominate Yet, ofitj dare put no afTertion. There was a large Terri- torie whence thofe Turks came , calldy Cara-Cathay \. Black Cathay. But 1 cannot, out of that,fee reafonfor the name of Cara-Chan, Why might not it interpret pr&fetlus Vrbis f a place of high note in the old Roman State. For in that Sarmatian or Scythian ( mixt with Turkifh) language which held largelt Territories in A- fia^Car^i Carm (as,in our Britifh.CW, and in Ebrc.w KiriathJGgaidcd a Citic,if you beleeu the teflimony of 1 Jo.T^t^es a iater z Grecian,telling vs that M- Jhwyj.fCdrd#ig*n.YlAftt*.h ww *#«f«t (faith c he)^/} c Mauritian. nipTuifl* ty *C/«f«*W qpweLy*} ivtA*!* yauip AmtgiovyjovTtts hiJt.a.cq.Q. i*T»k yivnttm Of cpAfitLf&hfkpiShu* i. TtfAf is a dignity of the Panhians (you may with him here confound Par- thians and Per (tans. ) And the Per pans hue to be calld by their Dignities, in fame fort difdainingthofe names im- fofd on them at their Births. He vfes Cardarigan in the firft cafe, which is neer (f'harchan, end perhaps ill turnd into Chardarigat by the Icfuit PontanA glielTe the felf fame to be that Official! Dignitie of Chanarangm, re- memberd in * ProGofuts ; and the Armenian that was 4 VehtllQVtt- in the Roman Camp vnder Narfes , Iuslinians Lieute- nant.cald « x^HPYy** Chanaranges y may well bee fup- c Agathiat pofd to haue ha d that name only according to &xm0- bijljow.fi.&i. catta s re'ation oi] the Perpan cuftom : And what is (Zamergan Zctptpyay or Zafaryw ) that greateft Prince of the Hunns in 1ft simians time but Zamer or Zaber Chan ? Plainly Chaganus or Chaiawts occurring in ££> mocattaJLandulphus Sagax, (fedren y Callifttts, and others, is nothing but Chan. So is that Princess Hunnorum * Monach.gv Capcanus in the life off Charlemain. But I wonder at ^;*f "'' that in Frier JVtlliam de Rubrmquis ', where he faith, Can * - nomen dignitatis \quod idem eft qui Diuinator. Omnes Di- uinatores vocant Can. J-hde Princifes dtcuntur Can quia fenes eos sfettat regimen popuh per 'Diuwationem.Vnkfic you read Dominatores & DominAtionem % I vnderftand not wWy hee faies fo. Hee was in thofe parts A.£hr. ci:>. cc, liit. But queftionles, Cedren well knew the fignification of Chan in writing, that the Emperor Theo- phtlus ^og^fltfrS €<#§aw n x*y***X*&£*'* i.jeceiud an Qtng.ce- ■ Embaflagc from the (^hagan or Chan of Chaz,*ria ; as %enM€M* if hee had faid the King or Prtnce of Chaxuuia. This (fhazaria or Ga^aria , is that which the ancients call Taurica Cherfonefus , almoft inifled by the Seas 7)^ Zabache and UWaggiore. For the Afiatiquc Sarmatians N 2 or pi Titles of Honor. i S'lruteat.MAu- rkJhJi.-j. cap. 2. c- Jgathias. I TbeophllSh mocat.bijl.^. k lofScal'i^, de vita Inly, in Epift.acilan. Douzam. I A p. Vine en!. in SpeculMb.ji. or Scythians which ' l anciently vnder luHiman planted themfclues about the Riuer Donawznd in this Cherfo* nejfe, ca!ld their Prince , as in their own country lan- guage , a King or Lord was filled. And C^erfonefM Taurica hodtetfe ( faith Leunclaw ) habet fuos (fhahanes. The word is rather Tartarian, then Slauomque y zhhough, I fee,great men fay it is #Wi/&,that \s>Slauomque. But thofe tongues are much mixt , doubtles with each o- ther. Thofe ancient Tartars, and the Northern Scythu *ns by them, in that large Tra£t from the Eaft of AJia cuen*o the Riuer Don ( anciently calld Tanais ) had long before the Tartarian Empire of Tz>ing/j y t\\e\r Em- perors honord with that title of Vht Chan> which per- haps is but corrupted in him they call Vmchan. For a. boue cid. yecrs fince, one of mod large territorie in thofe parts , thus infenbes his letters to ^Maurice the Roman Emperor. Tfl/.B ASIAE"l.Tn~N. p'fiMA'lfiN, O'. X ATA'NOS.O'.ME'r A2. AESno'THL E^Ta', TEN flfN. K A l\ K T'P I OS. K A I M A' T H N. T H~2. O I K O T M E' N H 2. E n T A', i. To the Emperor of the Romans the ylu Chan ( or Great Chan) Lord offe- uen Nations .and Ruler of the feuen Climats of the World, So my autor » cxpreiTes it in Greek, but by all likely- hood the originall calld him,as they do now the Em- peror there,^ Chan. In the Scaligeran family or De la ^SVrf/rfjderiudfrom the houfc of Jcrona (being by origi- nall Gotthicjue) one of the line is calld Canis , which, they fty, had from k this word vfd in Slauo^ue its bcginning.In the Great Chans Seale ( as Frier John de Piano Carpwi , that was fent EmbalTador into thofe parts by PP. Innocent iv.in c i D.cc.x lv i .affi r ms)was wri- tcn this interpreted. Deus in C&lo & Cutne Cham fu- per Terr am ; Dei Fortitudo. Omnium Homtnum Impera- toris figillum. And his J title was vfually Dei Fortitude, omnium homtnum Jmpcrator, And Simocatta remembers more anciently a Prince of thofe parts which they v fe Firftpart $>3 fed to call *» Taifan, that is (take it vpon his credit) mttNicephor. the fonne of God. In Tur\tfb or Tartarian, I think Tan. ffjf^f^ geroglan is the fame. But of C/fcM», C/?^, or Chahan 'A'^'/ tl thus much. Diuers of the titles vfd in the Northern A- fiiqtte, and vnder the Grand Signior , are the famej the Princes there being either out of one root and na- tion, or, at kaft detiuing themfelucs fo. In the begin- ning of the Mahumedan Empire in Bagded and Da- mafcpts, Mahumed's fucceflbrs were calld Chaliphs. This Bagded is not 'Babylon (as many erroniofly think) but G . the old n Seleucia feated neer the confluence of En- Arab$ * s ' ca _ phrates and Tygrls, new built by Abugepher ^Almant- kg.can ifagog. ZQr Chaliph there, about d c c. lx. after our Sauiours lib.y&Vhn. bi^th; and, by the Do&rine of Triangles , if "Ptolemy l*4**»* deliuer their Longituds and Latituds light, making 'Babylon Longitud lxx ! x. Latitud xxxv. and Seleti- tin Long, lxxix. Scrap, xx. Lat. xxxv, Scrap* xL.then is theo'd Babylon and this Bagded dirtant about xliv, Englifh miles; if you put reere lx. of our miles to euery Degree of Lititude. But 'Beniatnin Ben-lona, who faw and ob'erud them both, faies they are di- ftant bur xxx. miles* WhiTit the Chaliphat rcmaind vndeuided , this was the fuprem and fole title of him which as fucceff r to Makumed % had Dominion ouer Syria ^A Syria, Arabia, N 1 ran p^ Title s of Honor. ran mod part of Afia* And the Mamalstchs ( that Is, a kind of Ecjueftrts Ordo , or Militarie Tenants or fer- uants of State; as the Iauizaries inTurky or the Ti- c SMtttb.VAYk mariots.) got the fupremacie in Egjft, An old Monk /tfg.i»78. jpeaking of the Tartars c victories oucr the Saracens, Arabians^ and the reft of Afia vnder the Caliphat, (zies fatticfefunt eifdem Tarter is mult undo G tritium in Tribn- tum y So/dam videlicet, *AdmirabiLs y & Pnncipes, ethim Caliphi. Where he comprehends three of their (pedal! titles (although femwhat mil-taking in one) and there- fore the rather I added his words. But the meaning of this of Calif h is, out of us interpretation, Succeffor or Vicar 3 although Megifcr in his Turcko-Latin Djctiona- 6 Canon, jfagg. ry, turnes it Trinceps. Chafipha (faith the d great Scab* ***' p+ ger) eft V'-cartus % & it a vocari Vicarks Prafefti Priori] nihil impediret, ft ejuidtm Arabtce appellandi ejjrnt. Sea quum Naib idem fit quod Chalipha t amen Pont fires foli ditli [pint Chaliprut, Legati autem & vice ^Principnnu Trouincias re gent es vocantw Naibin , vt Naib EtVam , Legatpts Syr i^e. And, hoc nomine (faith Beniamin Ben' lona, who, during the Chaliphat at Bagded was there) Ceteris cmntbus lfmaelitis Regibus (fo Curias tranflares him) fujpicicndus vencrabilijq 3 habciur : ( Praes~i n. omni- bus illts vt ftimmm quidam omnimsm Pcntifcx. The name then ?.s it fignified fuccelTor, in fupremacie was proper to the Sultan or chief Emperor, and as it r<*fpe<5ted eJMahumcd; wkhall it was communicated, it feems, to fubiecls,that were Mahumeds Pricfts. For in Cantacu- zieris orations againft the Alcoran , hee fpeakes of one of their Doctors, which being dead was found with a Crucifix about him , by reafon whereof the Mahumc- dans would not bury him where they vfed to lay £* XW*>f*< »« tn d r Cbalifhs, and faid that the Doctor was ^**/paV t3 c.tyay.A i. a Caliph by dignitie t which I interpret a Prieft or Vicar among them. But perhaps Cantacuz.cn means the Caliph of the Egyptian State, vnder Firfipdrt. $f rndcr the Mameluchs (for that was in his time) which indeed (hould by right haue had the Sultans place % but at the inauguration of a new Sultan the fhalsphs mongft them vfd for fafliions fake to make a folemn andimaginariefale or refignation of the Chaliphat(t\\zt\t the true right of being Emperor) to that Sultan, who of the CMameluchs 3 ox by their autority wastofucceed. By a Peter Martyr its thus expreft : A [ummo eerum Von. a Legat.Baby« tifice Mammetes conftrmatur. Habent n. & ipfi fnmmum kMK*M.$* Pontificem y ad quern hului imperij machina,Ji ts£gypty ho~ mines ejfent , pertinerct, (for the Mameluchs were origi- nal y Chriftians Apoftataes ; fir ft taken vp as the lani* cartes) lm fuum , vt c&teri confueuere, Mammeti Cairi Regiam tenenti, * trium millium auri drachmamm pretio * c id. Pounds Pcntifex vendidit.ls C ALIFFAS dichur. E tribunal*, in SJjJ monie. Soldznoftanti pedibus t vit adpellatione velut Auguttiores fe reddere volunt. The pcratoris Ma- word interprets High or Noble. The late publifht Le- roci,Hifpa- xicon thus: ^^jXO SheriphunXelfusslluttris, incly- niceeditisab tHs,nobilis y AugHttHs. But, to make Seriph equiualent 'in f^'L™*' analogic with Syncellus , which was the next degree in \\\^'i^ m ConflantinopU to the Patriarct^and to haue like regard c ^C^tt?'** to Chaliph (as fome haue done) is but,I think,a piece Ecdef.cAp.s. of Grdcian vanitie.The name Soudan is there, what els- cm 'i cft ^" U'here is often So/dan, but fliould be pronounced Std- ^ l^t tan. And the Grand Sigmor is fomtimes Ailed Sultan j.DomimvT.^ Olem i. Lord of the World. But Sultan is vfually in his Com.S.^yg fiile , and fignifies only Domimu moft properly. P^m,fiue c QjfJaMu Sultan i. Tailor oxUominus.h^^s in D <^*^ f ^ in the fame found and fenfe. And Mahumed in the Alcoran is often calld the chief of the Bcleeuers* And where Beniamin BenAona (peaks of the Chaliph of Bagded, whom he calls Amir Almti- manin Alghabajji, it muft bee vndeiftood that none of all that was his proper name. And that of Alghabajft (^DfcWP bti) ls on ty one of the ^^Air Family .which is famous rmong the Chafyhs* Therefore, vnder fa- uour, Arias his interpretation of Alghabajfi was little to the purpofe.or rather againft theAutors purpofe.An old Writer e of France long fince well interpreted it. HemiratnGmelin (faith he ) i. Rex Credent turn. But the fame author not long after in the felf fame Treatife is much to bJarncwhen he writes^i^* quidc.m Saracenus, qui dicsbatur Mumilinus, quod, lingua eorum, fonat Rex Rcgum. For plainly tJMumilinpu was but corrupted from this we fpeak of, as alio Amiromomenins which often occurres in Roderique of Toledo his Spanifh ftorie , and the like other ancients of the Ho- ly Warre. This the middle Cjrecians call a'/m*pw»* (for fo is it neereft the right ) although fom.imes its O 2 in d Sampfat. Sphach Muful- man. EpiflJul Melec.Mona- chum. * i.Tht Coun- try of the Great Amir, e Rigord.i7tvit m Tbilipp.Aagufti, idem lacobui deVitrhci)lib. l. cap *$.& Ma- rin. Sanut. Tor f. lib. $. part. .5. cap* 5. qui tarn en vtriqj hoc Chalipbis A- fricanis ma- xim eTribuuc. loo b hy.ConJlant, Torfhyrog.de adm.Rom.mp. Titles of Honor. * The wri- tings of Mofcs. Vide lac.de Vi- triacoli.i.cap.6* & Oliutr. Scho- laflic. de Captio- fie Damlata. a Cant acumen. 4p0log.XA7cL7V Sampfht.Ferf i» Epift.Meletio. & Alcoran. A' h Doftr.Mac- humet. * Hcgir eft perftcutiOy atq- inhac re dift- um, quad rc- ligionis gratia fugjflct Mabii- med* in the felf fame autor , Ayupipit. Lately (faith *> TW. phanes a Chronologer of middle times in Greece) the Amir 0/ Pcrfia 07* Chorafan became an abfolute Prince, by reafon of the dec lining ft ate of the Amermumnes of Bagded (whofe Lieuetenant he had been) ^ AmniMaiv tcLuriv Af^f//B//pkoj pcpoTj/ )y t3 K«^hV eT/cc t» (xctvictXAV . M>« j} ai/73y «Ftfi CU7TV TK }%• n&s n A*h//. i.and calld himfelf Amermoumnes,^^ were the Alcoran about his neckjwith little plates (fe I inter- pret it) like a chain , and fuppofd himfelf e descended from ALE M. Where note that all the Mahumedan Princes reuolting from the See of the firft and chief Chaliphat which was at Bagded, referrc themfelues to Alem ot Ali Mahumeds fonne in law. So did thofe in v£gvpt t and Afrique : where , they were cald V hut emits from Phateme, Mahumeds daughter maried to Alcm, And this hanging the Alcoran about his neck , was a very Emblem of his aflumed name; the Orthodoxall religi- on of them (if among them any religion may be laid to be) hauing its chief root in the Alcoran , although befidc they refpeft the Peutateuch , which they call * Mujfalkitttbi j (out of which diuers relations , but moft abfurdly conncxt, are inferted in their Alcoran) and the new Teftamcnt alfo ; affirming that our Saui- our was a great Prophet, and that he promifd in it to fend his Prophet iMahumed (O blafphemy!) but the Chriftians (the Gaurlar in their language) k&Cahov <*W et'ai Tb EvAyytoi* tfovfod.v7it* as my author a iaies , i. in Jpight haue taken that out of the (jojpel, wherein they, fay Mahumeds name was once written, as like wife on the right hand of the Throne of the Almighty* But there, they fay he is calld Achmet, and in Paradife Abualtr*.- *./>», and on earth only Mahumed. And in their Dates, fomtimes they vie the yeer of I e fits, as they call it,as well as of their * Hegira i. Mahumed's flight out of Mecha in dcxxi i« of our Sauiour. So I haue feen letters Firfl part ioi letters to the late Queen Elizabeth ofmofl happy me- mory, dated dcccc.xcviii , of Mahumed^nd ci3. d.xc. of lefus. And in a letter in Italian from the Sultan Anuradis chief wife to Q^Eliz^beth, thecyeer c h$.Hac\luli. of CID. II. Del Propheta i. of Mahumed, and di Iefu p&t.i.pag.$iu c id. d.xc iv. So in the d League twixt Rodulph i i. and Amurad in. Remember, they vfe Lunar yeers,as f iq ^ m ^ n ' the old Arabians did, and that their Epocha is in 7^/y, ^V. othervvife you may doubt of the concurrence ofthofe numbers. And the Almumens , that is true CMahume- dans are (befide their generall profeflion) fo fuperftiti- oufiy addi&ed to that foppifti volume (the Alcoran) that in euery action almoft they vndertake of great orfligl.t nature , they vfe the formall beginning of the Suareths or Azcars i. the chapters of it. Ofthofe ^Azoars^ are in their books c x i v. only; the tranflations arnongft YSj being dcuided into cxxiv. but, after the vi. (which is in the Latine the xvi.) agreeing in that « A b vefo point, with the Original! , Euery ofthofe Azoars be- qul chiifto gin with Befemi zyillahi alrrhehmeni alrrhehimi i. In nomendede- nomme * Dei Mifcricordis Miferantis , which they runt, libros fu- fblemnly fpeak. And the Kine of CMorrocco puts os a Notmne . . /- V c L« i n i Vci Patris.Filff it in tne beginning of his letters molt commonly, & s .s Temper as thole .exanples which I haue feen , iufhfie. In aufpicantur. omni operls prmcipio (faith Georgimtz, in the perfon Vti Manufcrip- of a Turkifh Mahumedan ) vbij^ vtimur nos CMu- ti codices ve- Culmctni iftis * tribus verbis : Cum atfedimtu menU te L wmMona- vt edamus h%- rabique in this paflage might endure to hauc it fo by ^ eUa - O 3 vs / loz Tides of Honor. vs written. But in the Original!, its apparant, no fuch conftru&ion can be.For the titlesof the Az,o*rs,w\\\Qh. I favv firli in a moft neat And anciently written Alcoran, remaining in that famous Bodleian Library in Oxford, are thus in ArabifmeQ/^^/ir &J£jfi t^V ^>^^y f /' where any man which hath tatted thefc kind of Letters, may fee that the laft word hath a Ra- dicall (Mim) which is not ini?//dd7,(ignifying a Sptrit. The three words haue oucr the Ahphs their point Va- Jhlu y which tome Arabians fuperf/titioufly obferue, as a token denoting that fomany words concurring ashauc that point, are to bee pronounced with one breath, which, they fay>muft be don although a manftiflehim- felf about it.But this, by the way. This Amerelmumemn is plainly interpreted in that of the Tartar Haolo /?(ibfom call him ) to the laft Chaliph in Bagded, rememberd by Haithtn the Armenian. Tunc dixit llaolonns C&lipbo : Tu dkeris Doctor Omnium Geder.tium , in fa/fa fitla * ^fff" CMahxmeti. One of our * Monks calls the King of ciDccxni.' (J^raro.andthofe parts ,Admiralius Ainrmelius ftamb? -Xeg.iuh.xsi. h n g a t his name.lt may be not vnp eafing to read the whole place where it is. tJMifit ergo nuncios (he means our K. lohn) jecreliffimos cum ft fl Hnaticne fumma, vide- licet Thomam Kerdin onum, & Radulphnm Flitiiri Ni- colai mikes , & Robertum de Londino Clericttm ad Admita ium Murmelium,/?f^w magnum Africa. Afarro* chU^cfr Htfpania quern valgus Miramomclinum vocat(\% was the better word of the two) figntficans eidem quod fe £r regnum fuum Ub enter reddcret eidcm & dederet , dr dcditum tencrctab ipfo fi placer etei.fub tributo.Necncn dr legem Chrifiianam quam vanam ccnfuit y relwquens Je- gi Mahometi fdeliter adhtereret.A flranpe defigne ! but the Amir there told the EmbalTadors, that hec lately had been reading S.Paules Epiftlcs, where hec found many things which like him ; only this, he much dif- likt S>Paule, for that he followd not that Religion vn- dcr Firflpart. 103 der whichhc was^born. And of that alio in K Johns requeft, he took a very ill conceit.afTirming that if he had been without a religion, of all other he would fooneft haue embraced Chriftianitie, but that euery man fhould liue in that Law and Religion vnder which hec was bom. And fo difcharged them. To this day the fuccefibrs of that Emperor in Fejfe and Morocco keep the addi- tion of Amirelmumemn, as the Diuine b Scahger, who h Canon.ifa- Was wont to interpret their Letters to the Vni ted Pro- l°l' c M^ uinces,inftru£ts vs 5 which is alfo to be f^n in fom of Mulij Hamets Letters, tranllated into Spanifh 3 and c pub- c Hgritfuit liflit.The Grand Signior rather hath in later d times v- Tom.i.part.t, fed the title of Padifchab Mufulmin i. Great King ofP/Z' 11 *' the Mujidmans.Padtfchah is jn Turkifi and Perfian, great J^^f'*' King ; and they call the Cjtrman Emperor VrumPa- , ^ ca ^' difihahthc French King Frar^Padifchah. <£W*(fai:h J Condichiar my autor ) non attribrntur inferior is conditions Magna- ap.spandugt- tibus mfi Imperatoribus & Regibpu. A profeffor of Tur- nur/ -\ ^'/&,tums Mufulman by circumcifus. But the word is ra MtEfoyb. plainly Arabique (\jv/C4jUu/>» ^*/#//#/tf, plural ly,i. (as apudHackhfi' Mumenin) Orthodoxy Fideles y or qui jhicere crednnt y as part.x.pag.u8, the learned Raphalengius inrerpretsit.Her.ee is it made FtfxpiusO. fingular in Mufulmanus and M«y»7i^©-:often occurring, fir&Maieftas fpecially in Sphachanes the Pcrfian, and the Emperor CVsclrinadilata riintyatfy vti Patrc antfum mi Do flares pro: fmruat Oiat.a ftijfime & inuitlifjlme Ctfar. Which his own countrey men by their Interpreters haue alfo giuen him. And in Sinan Baffas Letters to Q^Eli^abeth of happy memo. xy^C^farea (felfitndo is often for Sultan Amur ad. The fir ft that vfd this Hunggiar was Aiahamed I i .which took Constantinople 5 and , after him, his fonne r B;*?*«» Cavtacuz.cn fpeaks , as or one of their fpeciall ancient ] mprc fnCo- Doclors) be thereby vnderftood But all of that §•*//'- dices loquun- an Seel are Co hated by the Othomaniques , rhat their tur) atq-, cum Tnrkifh Muftis(x.b%i is their Patriarchs or Archbifriops) infuj>er«Je/di haue deliuerd, that its more meritorious, in Mahtime- ^ > ? fula ^ ^ n difme,to kill one Pcrjian then ttveefcore and ten Chri- i n y lt .s.Ludo. ftians. From that Schach Sophi through diuers defcents u icicap.^o.& came one Haidar (Prince of Erdehill)\\\mg about cio 57.8c mirafa- d. of the only Sauior , and taught his anccftors new nc eft inter doematicalls,(hevvine withall the Othomamque herefics. Seriptoresde xr u j xi / • 1 ' 11 hoc pfeudo- Vpon the new dodtrine (as it happens; great conflux prop heta;ac was to the new DoSor , who grew fo firre into opi- de eius fequa- nion,which cfeats greatnes s that Vfun C ha fan then King citusdifac- of Pcrfia y gauc him in marriage his daughter Martha, pantia.quam defcended out of the Greek houfe of the Commnens hic 1 cc " ratlU n $ __. /• __ . _. , . . T , • 1 1 1 /- cundcarcnon Kings ol Trapez.ona. By Martha, Haidar had a ionne t ftoper*prc- namd Iftnacl. Vfun .Chafan left his fonne Iacupheg, or tium. Sultan lacup (as hee is caild ) his fuccefibr. lacup be- gan much to fufpe£lhis brother id law Haidar i fonne, P and lo6 Titles of Honor and his multitude of followers. To preucnt further dan- ger put him ro death. His nephew lfmael hardly e- fcapt him, hut fled with his mother to his fathers friend, one Pirvul a Z/Oid of great rank about the Cajpian Sea ( The Turks call it Culz,um Demz,i i» the.clofe or Jhut Sea ; its vfually in our Charts UMar de Bachu ) and there had his education according to his fathers Religion. Saltan Iacup the King was poifoned by his wife 5 tAluan or tAlmut ( as fome call him ) fuccee- ding. lfmael now , pretended the challenge of his fa- thers e8ate,place,and his own inheritance inuaded part of Perfia ; had the day againft sAluan ; flew him ; put his brother and fucceflor Amur ad Chan to flight; and vpon his death got the Per/Jan Empire to himfelf. To him beeing thus one of their Sophilar ( a Sect comming from that Scach Sophi) and defcended from both Ah und the Schach Sophi > firft autor of the Sect, ab Ofmanidis (faith myp autor) S OP H I cogncmentnm % Ta/dc ft. Turkic. & K 1 S E L I S B AS S AE per ir^crnvmam fait inditum, cap.2i.& iti%. * SOPHI Arabic* voce qa* Lanam fignificat. £uippe CucaA.D. cum t^iahumctam Cr prefertim Of mania , more vcteri, cio.p.xx.Ncc Tulip ant o hnco fubtiliffimi operis caput inuoluant ;ncua ifl- tn. i andcctis ^ 5 p n iI ar j orurn rclicio praapit inter alia, ne caput fa- 3CciU;CiC3S mil ° . opumiViri c- fl H q iis ^am Imeis cinjmodi Jpiri* ornetur : fed vt tegu- tiamHiftoria menta Cdpitum c 'Lcmajior. m^gm repyetij , ccnficiantur. Miilulmanni- £t quia laneum hoc tegmn'ntum capitis \quo prater aliorum camin:pic:as Mahumetanorum morem y hi nunc vtuntur.pltcas habit du- odecimo Arabic* vox Enaffer ( Ittv'nk he fhould ra- ther hauc la i d Etzenafer) duodecim jifanfkdt , etiam ali- ud women Enaflcrlariorum confequuti lw;t , ac fi Gr&co vocabuh dicas Dodccaptychos , cut Latino Duodccim- plices. Quod demque tegmen cmfmodi rubro duntaxat colore tinttum geSlare fleant y KifTcbafTilarij quoqtte dtfti funt.veluti C.'pitarulra : The Tcrpans being before cal- led by the Turks A^emlar , and their Territory Aum or A^eim. Thus came this Schah Jfmacl and his Cue- ccflors Firjlpart. 107 ccffors to bee calld Sophi and Kegel bafie alfo. Thus hee ; and in the deriuation from Wocll diuers follow him. But,faies mofl iudicious^ Scahger i ^pd qmdam q ntKmendau SOPHI a flocco Un holy, one of a reformd Religion ; which they profefife againft the Othomaniques\mi\\ like hate as the Samaritans had againft the /*w/J-am eafily perfwaded to bee of Scaligcrs mind for the reafon of the name.* But the whole ftory of Ifmael is diuerfly deliuerd. Leunclaw differing in his lAufulmanique ftory from what he had in his Pandetts deliuerd of it ; thin- king withall that thezsllian or Sophtlars hcrefie is not from that Alt "which was Mahumeds fonne in law,but from Alt lAhafides % whofe Genealogie you may fee in him/In Be lonuille his life of S. Lewes Alt is called alwaies //V/y,and vncle to Afakumed;znd his followers, « D .." ..- Bedmns which accounted all Mabtmedans ( faith hee) cad/m affir- mifcrcants. But the name of Sophi had its originall in maatiSedan that ShachSopht^whojI doubt, had fomc other proper SophUarij Ma- name ; for, Sophi by all likeiyhcod was giucn him h ™"f™ex- with regard to his reformd prokiTion,as the word in- CL ^ ntur v r ^ ini - terprcts, yct r Haidar (who I ghefle is calld Erdefol or maclii n.Num- Arduelles t 2s Iouius or Suritu writ him , but from the miinferiptio place Erdebil Arduille or Ardobil/c where hef and, his cm, Mabumcd anceftors were Schachs) may be affinr.d the author of Kc f^ A, -^ i)e {> the Se&,asic is now Royal! amongft them,' becaufe in ^^SS his time began the King to oppofe it, which oppofiti- ma nUMb.i6. on was there caufe ot Ifmaels following greatnes. Wha t Ramtifius , Minadoi, Iouius, Oforius , Ta rik^ Mirkond y * lfmzti di c i- and moft other haue of this matter at large, you may ^t^T* find compendioufly deliuerd in that Late work, com- pJ/^*/ c i/7- pofd by great induftry out of infinit Reading, by my t'mpp.aZyg>* learned and kind friend M r . Turchas. Their variable raal.tran- difcourfes of this point fit not this place. That deriua- fcrij>t. tion/rom Tzoaphi, plainly howeucr continues. But its P 2 faid io8 Naui^.Part.i . fil-397- ' r A.Cbr.cxz. D.Lxi.$.£//- ^abetha. u ChulcU'iRt- gts&\£t\£lait- d tan o in Fpi- grammausx/. i J {alm.fxXom. 10. Cartcrum, quo fenfu Re- g'sdici j?of- iinr,doccbit V.CUf.Ca- Cubon.Excr- cir.z.§.:o.in Ann.Baron'ij. * . Afolog. ! . X P!ato)n A'- cibude.nec a li- ter uitelligQ liLucn^mhb... deDiwrut.N<:c quifquam Rex Pcrfaiumpo- teftcflc 3 qui non ante Ma- gonim difci- plinam fcien- uarvque per- ceptrat.f. VfmMb.iQ* Up*, Titles of Honor. faid that in Perfia they call not the King the Sop hi ,but vfually the Schach i. the Lord , or the Stgnior. h may well be fo : for indeed eucry man is truly there a Sophi , if not a Mahmnedan heetique ; ti at is e\ther of Shach Sophi his Sedt, as he fhould be, or of the 0- thomanicjtte Religion. But why it (Ttolul bee abilaind from amontilt them as diffract full { which U m * affirm, becaufe S phi fignifics there a Begger)\ concciuc nor, no more then why the King of Spam or Yrar.ce fhould difl.ke the litle of Catholique or molt Chrtfiian, Its certain ( according ro our pronunciation ) it fignifics both#W/,and alio Chotfe, pure or refrmd. But Ttod- kj, not T^opj^i in their learned t©ngue,is a Begger.And our famous QjEh<,xbeth wrote to l Schach Tamos their Emperor with this iv\z, Potent iff wo & wuitt.Jfimo Prw- apt Magno Sophi P trfarum AledcrHm^Paythcrum^ Htr- cuncrum &c. in Letters copied into Ebnw^nd Italian, and fo fent ; although in fome others to him, ic bee omit:ed. Its idle to fetch it fem Sep©-, as iom haue denr. Yet verbally it may bee deduced to vs from Magus (which interprets 2ep©-)ir you can beleeu that the olj Perfian Kings were called tjftlagi, as a Title pro- per to iheir Maieftte ; which fome ignorantly haue tho-'ght as tru:h, foppofing the Magi 1. the wijcmen of the Eafl in S.M.itthew to be u Kings, and that of old Perfta.TheTC are' at this dav which would prone it and labour at ft. They cite i/fpuUtits * his words : £>uip» pe inter prima Regalia docetur ( Magia ; ) nee vlli te- rm re inter Pzrfos cencefum eft Alan urn tjje , hand magi* quam regnare. Hec fpeakts o" *Jiva, y trw p*fkp£t u ro fut{ o Ma^©* ,* and thencc,>iaies ilia fane oppi- G/j/cas,zs hi? tranflation is, Terfas Adages affellari fin- dumCharax, gua ipis far * acuta constat. But tJAtaqus or ts£Um is inElymaidc not fo much a Sorcerer as a Natural/ V hilofcthcr ,ox a abAlc * andro iearcher into cunoti ies ; not or neceiluy implying in v ia et ur de it any vnlawfull Art , although ignorant ages haue i^xoVlinXib-6. vfi to take all for Oiuellifh inuention andpra£tife with cap.z7.V1dc Spirit*, which they vnderftood not,as the example wa3 PtoWnfieo- m our Fr':er r f\oger 'Bacon : whofe woiks of abitrufe f^^^ c wEAu/u. & Ely ^osSufianam inhar>itare ait Marcian* Heracleot* TlipnKC. uer% & (QnfiUndHS BejiutmtuTudeUnJdtimrar. pag.y 8 - P I iear- 1 io Titles of Honor. learning, lying in the Francifcans Library at Oxford , were by lubberly Friers and Schollers there ( vnder the tnittie time of our great Grandfathers) vtterlydefpai- ring that euer their Iazines could vnderftand th^very lear- nedly, to the perpetuallfccurity of their wits quiet, faft- ned with long nailes to the deskboards ; where y being confecrat to the vfe of Wormcs and Mothes, they were confumd. I know the Ebrew of S. Matthew(but not authemique) hath, for the Magi, '0^127213: which is taken for Sorcerers (as we now vfe that word) W*t. ches , and fuch like. 1 rather vnderftan-d them jjftrolo- gers (Attrologie in it felfe, not abufd : being a moft honorable art) to whom it pleafd the Lord to permit luch knowledge of that Means of Saluation, to Man- kind, fignirled, for this purpofe (as fome will) in Ba- a 7(timcr.cap. i^ arj ^ s prophefie a of the Starre arifir.a cut ef Jacob. 24.Cmm.tf. But> that ^ macl js vfually cal , d ]fmad Sc i 0(thi shah or b Hiji.Politk. Shach, by the Grecians' 2a% frftctiiA* Schah is nothing aTh.Zygomal. j-,^ an addition ofgreatnefle io the name , as Lord or p a i "Don or CA'lonfievr (whereof fomw hat is * before) and 5i . truly interprets Sigmor^ it is written (with the particle • Verum A- At) ^y^JT * Scheich i. Sencx s which might eallly be braht.zaccmh confounded in our Characters with LcumU-ws word Scnbitur sbeiches for a Priefl; but ihat is (as I gheffe) in all ^^' different characters, to be written Kefiife rathcr,which in reading of his excellent works of the Afuftilmani- x KafiaUngln que pmpire,inuft be fpecially obferucd. Kejhtjb * fig- Lexic Arabic, nifics an old Prieft, which, I confeife, Shcich may do a!fo;but then I concciuc not his difference in the wri- * ttVandccl. tipo of it. You may fee his Oncmashcon * at the end T/tfc f caf$4> f t he Mu'tdmamoHe Morie. This Schah or Shah , is often vfd as an addition to Terjian greatnefle* Cojfo- rajfatb, in Haithon the Armenian, is thought to bee corrupted from Cojhes Shach. And an Egyptian Sultan is rcmcniberd in old De lonuille by the name of Scece- ctuh , fiiz, du Scic qui vault a tant adire en leur Unga- Firjlpdrt. in ge Contme filz, de Vieil y where note he makes Shack to (ignine Old (as it doth) noc only Lord. And that Sell- g Ba'dric.Hift. matm$ films Sclimani Veteris , or Senioris s in fom au- H'uroJy!omJib.x tors of the Holy Wanes , I doubt not but might well Robert.Monacb. be turud Se/imaa the Sonne of SolwiAn Shich. But it is atii firin^" not proper to fupiem Princes (but by fpeciaU cxcellen- cic) no more then out word,, Lord; as the noble Men- c XkfWHi. fteur de Thou well takes it, affirming c that it is alone d^fc^'tUh applied often to fuch as haue fmall Dominions, and C api 7 . are as Regali, or the like. Some interpret it d out of the application, King, but the neereft to exacl truth is . . y that which we haue before out oiScdiger, with whom ummum.'coZ Theodore Spandttgn c agrees cxprefly. And in the title fantin.pag, 6*. ©f Muhamed Ben-Dauid's tsfUgfammith , hee is calfd * tAlJheich (being this very word of Sa. Saa t 'Schah * - .„f> , or Schach) as by an attribute or digrmic. It is written ftefenex. often Shaughy Xa y and ai fo Cheque. Out of Achmct s Onirocritiaues , the great Scaliger * cites. 2** NVc& Bet- * Canon.ifigog. * Conn- Ill c Igndt. Patri- arch. Antiock. ad Scalig'<\ucm Confulas de hoc Impcrato- rcUb^Je€- mtnd. * Vtr.Vouiu dies : fi rcrbum intcrprcteris. d Tbetphylaft. Simocatta bijl Titles of Honor. *NonncAu- fonios i.Itabs jnnuk? Councils or Laws,which were after Mahumed, com- pofd by the Chalipbs commandment at Damtfcw. But djubtlcs no better word for Dominiis can bee then Sultan^by which here this Prince cf Perfia, vnder the Cbahpbat is (tiled. This Sultan is calld « Sultan Gelal eddin Meltc Sa (but his proper name was slbu Erfa. /rftfjfromwhom the Pcrftans J^aue their annuall account, whofe root is A.Cbr.cio .LxxinL.'m the xim.of our March,and is calld the * Neuruz, of Gelal Sultan Mc- lic (faith Scaliger) eft Rex ,Sa vel Scha Perjis eft nomen attributum Regibus. Gelal is Maieftie in Arabique, and fo he turns O^eltc Sa Gelal eddin, mto'Mclic Sa Ma. ieftas Religionis. From ihis word Edin,\s the name A- ladin in the Othomanique race, which, as Leunc law faies , fignificth Diuine j *but he allows not Reineccuis conic- enuring that all the Turkifh Sultans had the name of Aladm as a furname or title of Honor. From Scah in the Perfian title^thcy haue money called Schablar , as the Turks haue Sultanlar y which we call Sultanms. Of Schab, is Padifcba a compound, whereof, before. The Perftan titles more ancient , are already elsvvhere toucht. As a corollary , take here another of them in the middle times; xoo-pow; d ^oLfftxdn Bam*W« &vy&$woy7r»r AtonW Ki/gi©- i$va>r &c. i.Cbofroes King of Kmgs^Lrd of Potentates^ Lord of Nations , Prince of e Peace } Saviour of Men, Among Gods a good and etemall Man, but t a. mong ^Men, a moft Yamotts God, Moft glorious Concjue* ror,Riftng with tbe Sunnc^Guang eyes to tbe Night ^Nc- ble by Birth^a King that hates warre, rrell defermng,ha- utng tbe * Afon$ vnder Pay , and keeping the, Kin^dcrru for the Perfians. To Baram a Generall Among the Perfi- ans, and our friend. 'Baram hauing before writcn to Cbofroes in almoft alike fafliioned (tile. It was about DC.of Chrirt,vndcr the Emperor Maurice.lt the rather is ob(cruable,becaufe boih African and Aftatiqnc Princes do yet,cucn as Cbofroes y fomtimes load themfcluesand other Firftpart. 113 other Princes to whom they c write with ftrange^and . doubtlcs by their Secretaries hardly inuented attri- ^watuw. butes.But in that league of ciD.DC.vi.twixt Rodulph adSereniff.fi- n.and the prefent Grand Signior Achmetji was mongft li-^b.Keg.A: other things concluded,That the * Emperor and the Great i*79-datis Sultan in all their LetterSjInftruments^and Embaflages conftat.quas fliould not ftile themfelues by any other additions,but H^cMuhMiw- by the names of JVdbeloued Father and Some, to wit, rar.part.t. the Emperor calling the Great Sultan his fonne 3 znd the pag.itf. Great Sultan the Emperor (in refpc6t of his yeers) his f Mercw. Gal- father, And that in the beginning of their Letters they lo '^ l ^ lc ' Tm ' might both take vpon them the name of Emperor *' ' * 4 ' refpe&iuely. Speaking in the Plurall number. ^7 T$h ts for any barbarous Nation to the lews. The Rabbins reafon of the Plurall. Inferiors honord jf numd by Superiors. Otherwife if Superiors namd by Inferiors. An exam' pie in our Englifh law for the Plurall. Dei gratia. By whom vfd. The Princes of the Empire their loyal- ties. Dei Gratia anciently vfd by BifhopSdW Abbots. Exprejfing of Princes by the Abitracl of their quality, Tua Maxima Fatuit3s^how afterward vfd, Celfitude, and Serenitie , to Dukes, No proper word for Maieftie in Greeks The Goddejfe Maicftie. Crimen Maiellatis. b*<7Mw'a in la- ter Grecians for Maieitie. 7^Defpot,Scba(tocrator, and Cefar ; how they were formally to be jpoken to, or of, Maieftie, te our Soueratgns 3 when firfi* Grace, and Excellent Grace. Worfhip, and Worfhipfull. Soue- rain Lady, to a Dutcheffe. The difference ofjpeal^ing, in the Concret or Abftracl. The Spanijh Pragmati- Q^ ca 114- Titles of Honor. ca for the formality of the Kings pie in direftions to hinu. o C H A P. V I. Ther appendants of Maieftie arc , which giue a ipeciall form to the expr fling of Tjtles.Speaking in the Plurall Number is one obicruable. As 3 PK- com- mand i in the Perfon of One beings Monarch. Its cer- tain that among ancient Latins the plural! Number often was for a lingular Perfon in common language, and (againft rules of Grammar) ioind with ajingular word. Not with Accihs ,N 'amhs ,or PUutus only, but in later. Catullus hath lnsferanti l^obis ; and Tibullw, to his falfe Miftrefle : PcrfiJa nee merito Nobis inimica merenti. But thefe.not to our purpofe. You (hall as often find the Perfian and Greeks Emperors in EFtber % Etjra , the Afacchabees y Hippocrates his EpifUes and fuch more, to vfe the lingular as Plurall : Somtimes is a mixture of Both : ?s in that of Ptolemy Phihpator to his Egypti- a Lib.}. Mac- ans a hpftanuu j xj iyS &vtQ- ^ 7u <&goyyuL-m wftafy.i. / am (hab. well m y felfand Jo are Our affaires. The lewes fay that in their language fcr the plurality of Virtues and Po- vver (tVlh-ft ^^V fuppofdio a iuperior,they vfe the Plurall number to of of one Man. Their Ad ni is plurall, yet often vfd as lingular. fWrj toxgue(iz\th one of b them) b Abett-E^a hath its property. As tt is honorable in the Italianffo vfually inGenef.capi. ^^ yftfo is interpreted; but queftionles \p}p was in- differently, at fuft, vfed by them for any firangers or c EHasThisbit. Gcntils c Country where their Religion was not, ha- "Womnei uin g its being out of the figles for ftYt fuerint nommati. Contra y Ccntumeha e(t fi Maicres a Mi* i nter3 ji 4 noribus juo . nomine ntminentur > For the fpeaking to additum. them in the lingular Number , is very proportionat to their proper names. The vfe of this for the Plura'Us known common at this day } but not proper to fupremc Princes. In .our Law-annalls,a « Quare impedit being c j 9 .e^.». brought by the King for the Prebendary of Oxgate , foL*n* in the Dioceflc of London^hc Writ was Prtcipite Mi- chaeli de Northumbergam, againft which the Serieants except,as againft Falie Latine. But, faies Thcrp, Falfe Lttwe it is not , for it is a wcrd of the plurall number % and therefore is of greater rcuerotce ; and this is a com* mon Fafhicn for the King to fend to a man by the word, FOB IS. Z?/*r,faies the Counfcll on the other fide , 4 man hath not feen fuch reference made to a Shertfe.KnA afterward, the Writ was lookc on by the Iudges , and they law it was Pr fere 'nit as , Santtitas tua, and the like; where, by the way, you may remem- ber that of Philip le ISeau of France a to Pope Boni- a Mart.?oUt t . face the viii. Sctat tua maxima V at Hit as } Nostra Ttm- chronic, Q 3 / ftttim vigorem extendit. And then, towards the declining times, they tookc to themfeIues c P/?v»>*//^ Hoftra, Etcrnitat 6 Noftra } Numen Noftrum y Tranqmllitat ncftra Firft part up Noftra, Serenitat Nostra Maieftas^ iW/fr^andfuch like h C.titdeSi- ©ftcn occurring id the two Codes of Theodofitu , and ^if/lJiS' Juslmtan. But long before that, although not with the » ; firft perfon , yet it was attributed to them. Sneton re- porting th3t .Augustus after the cvuill warrcs would not himfelf, nor fufter his neer kindred to call his fouldi- ers Commilitones y but M>'ites y 2\ucs the reafon ; becaufe he did think it ambitioJins ,quam aut ratio militarls , aut tern forum cj:iies,aut fua Domuffc fu& Maieftas poslularet. And in Claudius he fpe«:ks of leu tor CMaieflati Prir.a- pali titulw, And,one ] that Jiu'dui Suetcns t me vndcr j pij„j n j> gn ^ Traian,io Tratan. Ruins (he means Crimen Maiefidhs) gjricTrtkm* tn metum penults fuftulift ^content us Magnie'vidine,^** nut* dido. It magis car Her ant quam qui fibi Maieftatem vindicabant, I know, Trebellms k Pollio feems to make agai ft this, k inGaBimk. He , fpeaking of Gdlieris brother Valerian {lain about CWilUn.^nd of the doubt whether he had been a CV- far or not,adds ; Conftat de Gentre.non fatis tcmen con* flat de DigHitate^vel, vt caprrur?t alij Icqui de M A I E- STATE. As if t^Maieftie had then been a word firiV \Cd for Pi £nitie. But as the moft learned Cafaubo* obferues , that muft be vnderftood of the Greater Ro- man Dignities befidc the Empire. So that then firft Court-flatcerie began to ttile the Dignities of the Em- perors fauorits and (uch as were of higher Note,with * Mneflie> For plainly to the Emperors, as you fee, it was not before vnufuall. And,vntill this time of Tre- bellius^x. may be well affirmd proper only to fuprema- cic amongft them. Let it not moue, that Maieftas in another fenfe,was common to others, as Maieslas *?#- tritiQTM i» Noflra Serenity. So P myycUibjuQ- /W/A«* Gr*co-Ut.v.z. flj Qiowav B*o~i\iay ^m^SeremJfima Maieftas Sacrate* Vetiicap.i. f rfim [ m p cra tt t Noftrorttm t Ifat leait. b*ct/a«'a be Maie- com. \ avoir- n f. , J c . , , . „ Tduytni&rrtfft 4 '' Ics nard to " nd a Dcttcr wcrd interpreting it.But TWtxdivMt- indeed, as Cafaubon obferues, Greek hath not an ex- yoMivrfcr prcfle word for Malefic, Som haue *a«o- 7W) Fir ft part. m 7n<1 MaieHa4 and Magnitude* \ but it properly fignifies the laft,not To well the firft,which comes plainly from a Comparatiue. MaieHas itaj^ ( are Cafiubons words) ft verb i proprietatem Jpetlamus, 7$umink eft f otitis. : quod i omnibus ijs, qU£ magna dici poJfunt y cft mains. ZJ fur path eft cum Principibus mate ft as tribuitur. But obferuc their tradition of the GodeiTe Otf^icftie^Thcy faincd that at firft there was no diftindtion of Place or Pre- cedence among the Gcds,but that the meancft would fomtimes lie in Saturns own Throne. And this , they fay, r continued r Ouid.Frfor. Donee Honor placido^ decens Reuerentia lultu Corpora legitimis impofuere ton's* Hinc fata Maicftas.^rf mundum tempcrat cmnem, ££udicienda Jlnu. As Mate ft ie was there bred of Honor and 'Reuerencefo proportionally mongft men , and thence the word ap- plied to the fupreme of Men. But alfo they vfd Nu- men Jmperatoris^nd Oracula Jugufti s for Edicla , and dzcanfypsy for Ata7U7jc(iiy , as if you fliould fay diuwitus fancimm for ftatuimus. And before this great commu- {? aulff.de k* nicating of Maiesly , the Emperors f had the attribute g«t. U.27.§. of Santtiffjmus, and fuch like. Thefe beginning vndcr Lucu * .f Sccc ~ Heathenifme,continued after Chriftianitie.Whence,wheii ™ , }i *°" they fpeak of the Crimen Maicftatis^hty^k ^ty^tiov tAtbaliatMu or tyKMipct which may be interpreted, srefiAapcff.**. a iudgment or accufation touching what is committed a- & G'ofJar.Vet . gainft a thing fanllified or J acred. But I think Bacr/Aews ^ 5aflfhtas will be molt proper , in fubftance , for Male Hie ; al- j^affn though George Codin tranllatcd hath alvvaies Regnum Tratia. for his ba r ccciue this out of their c traditions. Before the quern tarn en,' Emperor they calld the Dejpote, CMy Lord (AtcosvTtl p*) abfque J«»y and Maieftie was applied to him: t\\tSebaJiocratcr i My Rcftittitione Lord (Acawn*. p*) Sebaftocr atari the C £ f ar -> m f ^ or ^ C £m locorum, ne y^ j n t hcfe words as the other; and to both thefe al- e S as< fo was Maieftie (b^/a«*) applied. But if any other Great men about the Court (77* ffi *px*V$/) had occa- fion to vfe the Dejpot 9 s name to the Emperor, they thus; My Lord (5 at/Ssrrc'ffKA©-' p«) Tour fenne the Dejpote. If they fpeaking among themfclus mentioned him then: tw^iv-nOur Lord the*Dejpote % If any of the Dejpot s feruants or followers, vfd his m afters name to the Emperor, hce might not call him aJOsvtvtba©-' f/«, or I avQivTue f/» vt®-' <7« (which I interpret to be in fafhion the fame with Our, My Lord, when we fpeake indifferently of any Noble- man) but vJjtxQr r [jlh J/©-'tftf JWwoV [• My Lord and Mafter, your fonnc the Dejpote. For fo I thinkc, KveiQ* is beft here tranflated. It a man fpakc to any of their other Great men (dfxovictv) hce neuer vfd &i but Kveti f/« • On the other fide Kvpii (x* was neuer vfd to the Dejpote^ut aI^jw fi«. Neither could they render Firftpart. 123 render reafon for all thofe, but becaufe vie and cu- ftome had brought them to it. Neither hath the Gram- ma.icall difference of K-Jpt®- and Aic^on; any thing to do here. For our Kingdome; Cpaiclfre (faith the lear- ned Author of the Remain?) ome hither in time cf Henry rhe Eight , as Sacred Maieftie lately in our me- mory. Vnderltand him , # as it was commonly in vfe, and properly to the King applied. For in the Epiftles of Iohn of Saris bury , is Maiefias tua , diuers time3 to Henry Fitz,-lemprejfe 9 vnder whom hce liud , and the fame is there vfd alio to Pope Adrian . ©race mongfl: vs began in time of Henry r/. and (EjCCCUtnt grace, as you read in the Remains^ vnder Henry the Sixt. i^igrj ant) mtgt)tp P?inC0 vnder Edward the fourth. But, a- bout thole times it was not folely proper to the King, as it/eems by the Concord (touching the title of the Crowne) twixt Henry iheftxt, and Richard Duke of Torke, made in xxxix. Henry vi. in Parliament at Weft- minfter , with this title, Betwixt the moft High and mo ft mighty Prince, Henry the Jixt , King of England and of France, and Lord ^/Ireland, on the one partie 3 and the right High and tHightie Prince Richard Riant a genet Duke oiTorke y on the other partie ; and the Duke oiGlocefter Ynder Henry the *fixt^ is calld High and mightie Prince * ?Ml-l*Htn. and the Duke of Exec ft er , Hault and Pmjfant Prince. - arUlt &' 1 • , Anciently how our Soucraigns were, in this kind tit- led, may be obferud, vpon thefe examples. An Tref- noble & trejhonorable Prince & fon tr eft her Seignior ft luy pleift Aionfteur Edward per la grace de Died Roy d* Engleterre, Sigmor D'irland, & Due £>' Aquitaine le fine Henry Percy retterence & honeurs : In a letter b to . ^• 2 5_- E «-i. Edward 1. writcnfrom Duxwich&nd the like, in diuers l ^ m \^cKcbm other Records, is. And there the Barons of the Ex- Scotsdmtan- chequer fend to the King with Nous maund a voftre gentihmmtmb* hautejfe, &c. Bat alfo in times later then Edward i.ti- 4^-&fap ius * ties and notes of Greatnes being not in that diftincli- R 2 on 124- Titles of Honor. on or CurionYie as now,fom fuch as are with vsmeanj were competent to higheft Princes. I remember, I once faw a Petition by a Bidiop to Henry v. fubferibd with Tour 3Ho£fIjip& Beadfwan. About the fame time a trea- tife vvriten of the order of the Coronation /bath thus : after trjis tfje mingc fljall be dottico agen lotlr) ottjtr clones, ana Worfliipfolly flpll go to trjc Snter of Seynte Edwardes 0)jyne; and the King is there ealld ^Ho;(r)tpfuU prince. So the Monk of Bury. Dan Lid~ gat {peaking of Henry thefifts commanding him to writ the Troian Warre, faith STfjctn^ic^ empjife anon 3 gtnn (Salt 3n tjisJ Woifriip 3 a5 fo? memo^all. Hee vfually calls him tJWos~i worthy, or worthy, ot No- ble Prince, and Sotieraign Lord. And plainly wor/hip is but an abftracl from worthy^nd fignifies,as eflimation % properly, ro pujiuld pujijiscipe )y he ]>:gcn lage py- ri]>e i.Ti? worlds wcrjhip (*♦ in worldly eltimatibn ) yW /ball be in eqnall degree with a Thane, faies a Canon of Cantitns his laws,fpeakingof a Pricft that liud free from incontinencie : and in thofe fo ancient times it was a generall titlc,but according to the perfon qualified. In b Ap.Umbird. an old Saxon b tradition of their Nobilitie ; Then were vtPtramb. t fo e ^fift f the people pcojifrcipcrpyjiSa x\c be hip * ,ant * ma<5e Ecjil *} Ceopl , J.gn *j Jeoocn i. Worfiifwertty, eucry one in his Dignities he Earle and Cheer I y Thane >& Vndcrthane. So in later times Dukes and Earles haue had Worjhiffnll and Ttjght worflnpfull applied to them. c camdcn.mu An Ep ita F h c is at Warwick in S.Maries Church there, H^/.Anglic. in part , thus. ldiomaus.& a&ttiquifjt Pray Dcuoutly for the Scule^whom God ajfn.'le , of one of the mofi Worfhipfull Knights, in his dates ,of manhood & cunning, Ri- Firjlpart 125 RtCHARO d BBAVCHAMPE/«^£4r-/^o/ & Rotbomtgi Warwick, i^Defpenfcr^Burgaueny, 5S.SSt *W 0/ w?<*;y 0//^ r gmif Lord/hip , w/ra/* 2?0^ refteth here vnder this Tank. And his daughter the Countefle of Shrewsbury was buried in S .Faith's vnder /W^.with Jiere.before the Image of lhefti, lieth //?^ Worfhipfull^w^ right Noble Lady Margaret Ccunteffe tf/Shrewsbury^c. But now euery Gentleman of better ( rather richer ) Rank is faluted WorJbipfulL And , on the other fide, what now is one of our particular Notes of Maieftie, not giuen to any but the fjprcme , 1 mean Soueraign Lord or Lady, hath been anciently befto wed on others. The preface and dedication of Alexanders life , writen. vnder Henry vi. by a Dominican Frier thus fpeaks, SCo rap fauerapn 2Utip benigne ana f^nejaWe, SDlfcrctcful! of toifoomccf Gloucctrc SDucrjeffe, 3fvmpleferuant, tl)od; 3! be finable, OTitt) ocucnte bcrtfcuit^ all mp befpnelTe, g>eu& iope^vorfchcppjtoritft, pees, ana ffabplnetfe, H5ctlDtr poa nuo £0&?e eaere mo;e to ie£e, Sntife be icyaBto.ODe^ grace ti)at it ueaer bjette. What,that hater of Monarch? , 'Buchanan rmh in his malicious diflike ofgiuing titles and attributes of great honor to Princes, I omit, and lcaue him to his error, conuinced by the gcnerall confent and allowance of Antiquitie.But 3 touching thcfe.it hath been e queftioned, c c hr ' l fl°P h - which is the more both elegsntand honorable to i^cak a r mm pbilologic. in the Concret or Abslratt. That is , whether to fay J Seremjjime Princeps a te feto , or J Scremtate yeftra R 3 feto* \i6 Titles of Honor. peto. And fome haue thought the firfl forme the beft, becaule in that the Occidents and Subtests are toge- ther exprert/in the other the Accidents only being the note of Honor. But howfoeuer for elegancie^it ieems the Abftraft taftes as if it were more honorable. For that quality denominats , and, from it inherent in the Perfon/is the Honor giuen. Now , as it is inherent, and not predicated of the Perfon , its bed cxprcft for its own ElTence ; Neither is it otherwife (as Logique teaches) properly in any Predicament. As Album , al- though in a formall fignification of the thing defignd, it expreffe a Certain Ens per fey et as the formall and material! or connotatiuc fignification, of it,is,it's f Ens l J' ° * C ' " per accidens } id eft, aggregatum quid ex ijs qu& diuerjis fatf.il. Prctdicarxentis ponuntur. And ^Albedo is the Ens perfe. Then, wheic the quality is, necreft to its own (ingle effence, cxprcft, that is in the Abftratl, it feems, the Ptrfbn is with fomwhat more honor falutcd, then if it were only ccnnotatiue as they call it. For, fir excel- Icntijfrme doth but connctatuie ,oxby way cf confequcnt fpeak excellentia ; as indeed in euery Concret , but in like form and by an accidental! confequence , is both the accident and the fub stance. But this is a moll friuo- lous difquifuion, which I had not fpoken to, if I had not feen it queftiond. 1 adde out of the Spanish Prag* mat:ca,yub\\{hi vnder Philip I i.' againft the multi] li- cit i c of Tit'es giuen both to the King and other great Men, in the yeer ci d.d.lxxxvi. the vi 1 1. of October, at S. Lawrence ; that the King there would haue no other title in the beginning of any Letter to him, but Scncr ; in the fubfeription only his name that wrote it ; in the end cf the Letter , only God prejerue your Catholique CMateftie ; and the fupcrfcription , To thi King our Lord. The r-critions to the Counfells, Chan- ceries. and Tribunals,might be titled with Mosl: mighty L9rd,b\Xt no more. The figning of Lctters/ccdulei^aud fuch Firjlpdrt. ny fuch like fhould bee only with By the King our Lord, Diuers other particulars are in it, touching thefe kind of Titles to Other Great men , which in their more due place fliall fuccced. Annointing of Kings. How Vnclion in Heathenijme was vfd> to fanclifie m The Old Roman Prouinciali expref- ftng what Kings were to be annoinred, anciently. The vje of Vnttwn in the Eaftern Empire ; In France ; Their O He from Heauenjn Britain -J he fir ft King there annotated by the Pope ; but a csnietlure against the confent of old Monks. The Tale of a box of Oile gi- ven by our Ladie for fnfticn of the Englifh Kings, to Thomas Becket. Crowns, and their beginning. Firft vfd only to Gods. Whence Corona, <*An examination whether Crowns (except only the Cloth Diadem) were in more ancient times jnongft the Gentiles, for Roy- all diftinilion ; and a Conclufnn a gain ft common op mi" on. <±A place of Euripides interpreted against the Vul- gar ^and his Scholiast. Crown Radiant, and the x i i. beams of the Sunne fappofd in Antiqmtie. A place in Polybius examined. Pharaoh's Diadem. A parage in Clemens Alexandrines examined. %7i$&<,®-. Vfnen the Cloth Diadem. or Fillet came firft to be a Roydl En- jigne in Europe. White proper to the Kings Diadem. Cidaris , or Ciraris . ¥Lv$Gcl Tiara. Diadema. The Tulipants , or Turibants of the Frinces of later time , in A fa. Error of Bodin touching them. Ha ft a, pro Diademate. The Crown or Diadem in the Ro- man and Conftantinopolitany?^^. Of the Form^nd Mat en alls of Cr owns femwhat. The Du ] ^eof Mofcouy's Cap. The Radiant Crown of the Duke of Florence. The Crcwn of Britifli, Englifh, and Scotifh Kings. The Scepter. Caduceus. Birds and other things born in theTop of izS Titles of Honor, of Scepters. Eagles vpon the Emperors Shooes. Their ■ Red or Purple fhooes,W Boots. Gilt fhooes to the Roman Confuls. Swearing by Scepters^ry Ancient. The mouingthe Scepter was an Oth. The beginning of that Oth, vpon Seruius his credit. The Globe and CrolTe. Pcmum Imperials MiiAo?ep©\ The firft Ecn- pcrcr hatting the Globe and CroiTe. When vfd by our Kings. The CvciXc.and Labsrurm The punijhment by 'the Crofle, and, the pillaring it on the ground, for bid- den. N/x«7we or* The CroiiTant cr half Mocn of the ,Mahumcdans. The reafon of their vfe of it. The great Rfsfetl and Honor gwen to the New Moon mongsl Turks and Icwes. ij^fj^ Alilac and fy^j.Eu letbyia. Lucina. What the Ie^'s writ vpen tbe walls at a Childbirth. The CroifTant among the Romans. 'Lunztz'Planta.CroiJfant fet vpen Images of Gods.ulwt- ozoi* Cubar. Venus, The Sunnc vpon the Tents of the ancient Persians. o: CHAP. VII. F Nominall attributes, thus much. You may call other Rcall Ceremonies, which con lift cither in A- ttton^x Enjigns. In Action ; as chiefly that of A N- NOINTING at the inauguration. For qyfnnointtng, a Ordo Roman, rcceiuc this out of the ancient a form of doing xi.Tnnc dcDiuin.ofi- Theodoret) vfd to annointthe \ 4>w/?.83.«r Shrines of their Martyrs , and Chancells. The lewijb Genejim. Priefts k confecration was with Oile. And often oc- k £xod ' ca P'l9> curres the name of the Lords Annointed. In our Eh- ropeMow facred a Materiall it was anciently accounted, appears to euery one that hath but heard of Extreme Vnclion,and the like. But of Chnfiian Princes,the old S Prouin* I}0 Titles of Honor \ Proulnciall of Rome thus : De Regions Cathslicorum & Chriftianorum. Et fnnt quidam Coronandi & quidam non. Tamen tilt qui Coronantur debent tniingi ; & Tales ha- bent priudegium ab ant 1 quo & de Conjuetndine • alio mo. do non debent Ccronan nee inptngi [\ns tfiis , & fifaciunt ipfi y abutvntur indebite. Et fie inciptnnt Nomina Re gum Chrislianorum Fidelmn hoc modo* * Chrijliarifll- jw/^,quod non- nuJlis recenti- oribus in hoc loco catalogi citatum habes, .exemplar! rnco Ms.decft. a Armenia? fum. b Videfupia. pag.Zo. c Confulas pagin.?;. Rex Hierofolymitanus Coronatur & inungitur. Rex Francorum * Coronatur & wungittir. Rex Ani;lorum Coronatur & innngitur. Rex Cecilia? ( Sicilian) Coronatur & inungitur. Rex Cafirellse Non) ... ■ . - . Rex LegionisiV^r^A^ conmnfa. Rex Portugalenfis Ncn. Rex Aragonia? Non. 'Rex Nouargi^ (Noruagiav'f feems) Non, Rex Nauarre^ Non. Rex Danorum Non. Rex Bocmiae l^on. Rex Vngaria: Non* Rex * Armanis l^on. Rex Sorbiae (perhaps Scruiar) J^on. Rex Cypri Non. Rex Sardinia? Non. Rex b Catholicus Non. Rex Comagiae (its likjy, it Jbottld be c Cona- clix) Non. Rex Ni mi a nix ('Momonias,/'* feems) Non. Rex Vltoniae Non. '%ex Collen Xon. Et fciatls quod hodn J^on funt plurcs Reges Chriftiano- rum,w/J de Novo Crearentur. So are the words of my y^j-.Copie,ancicntly writen, which fuppofcs,you fcc,bnc foue Kings bonord with Vn&ion 3 the Hnrofoljmitan i the Ftrft part iji the French .Engli/h^nd Sicilian^ and the two Emperors of the Eaft and Wed. In the Coronation of him of the d Eaft, the Patriarch , at the inftant of making a d Cantacu^n. CroiTc with the Oile on his head,crying aloud, ti'yt®-, bift.u;ap.ii.8c L Holy and then &,&, i. Worthy. Which was.it feems, c^al^l the reafon why the lonltmtinopolitans cried c ^^ w c GimthcYt *?haJi/eos UWarchio at the taking of the Empire by hiflxonfiamim- Baldwin E^rle of Flanders , when they thought verily />o/i*.id eft A- thar Boniface Marqueffe of Montferrat fliould haue ytx'&taiteBf been their Emperor. The Marqueffe being then with ^f^^. the Earle. There is a Promnciall f printed , whereiti c ^ others are reckond that are not here , and fome o- f ApudRcbuf- mitted that mine hath. And after Rex BohemU follows ///winPisxi in that,//? Ibernia. Catholictte* Rex Colonienfis. ComachU. Benefiriorum 1\ex Atmauit J\dena t Cat he I ma. lhi ho die non funt Re- P att '$' * rat ' ges.fed Tot a Hibernia eft fit b Rege Anglit. What Ca- tholics do:h there I vnderftand not, nor what in my Copy,vn!e{Te you iiverpret it as I haue y with doubt, coniecturd where I fpeak ofv as. from h, GuV.Brto;'- 1 home ; fpcaking of h the Coronation o£ Philip Augttftti4\ PtiHppcirf.i. % , ^ fceptrifero falfit redimitus, honore- Magnammm facto Rex dehbtttns OliHo^ S 2 $u$ 13* Titles of Honor i DuHailan des aff. du Fr. liure i. Idem fcrc Tilliui. k De V excell. ties Roys liure.4. 1 Vixit Gildas A.Chr.470. Si fides habenda Autori vita; eimin Bibholb. Tltriac. m EtGalfr'J* Monumentenf. lib.^.cap.T,. ex epiftolaGild. hoc memorac. ' £h? T) e us % Angelic is manibw virtute par at Dissina t noJlris conceffit Re gibus vti : Vt facrentur eo foil Jpecialitcr t/li, £ui fuceejptte Francorttm fieptra capejfunt. Quo maior Noftri patet excellentia Regm Digmor vt vere Rex nosier Rege Jit omni. Qucm facrare frns Remorum Metropolites Cum Comprxfulibus habet tllo Crifntate facro, Hoc ad opus folumfluod calica fadit Oliua. But no good autority will iuftifie this. Is it likely that Gregory of Tours fo much giucn to the Relation of Miracles, would haue omitted it? One more » iudici- ous,and not flattering the idle traditions of his own Nation, denies f and not alone) that there were any de U pnmiere lignec,oinc~b ny [acre k Rheims y ny- ailleurs {that is,of the Merovingian line , which cotinued till about Dccc.of Chrift. But its expreflely remembred in (lo- ry that Pipin , the firft of the Carolm ftock was an- nointed ) mais de la fecond & troijiefme la plus part ont ejte facrez, & oinlls en attters liens ef a Rheims y cjuoy que les Archeuefques de r R)oeims deb at tent ce droit appertemr a eux & a letix efglife. By the fecond and third line he means the Carotin, and Capet an ; the faroltn fuc- ceeded the Merouingian . And I wonder why Hitrom Bignon k a French Antiquary, now Jiuing, taks it fo cleer,that their Royall vnclion began in Chlouis. We could giue better autority for the Kings of this lie, of necr ci3. years fince, and much more according to 1 fome. Gildas fpeaking of the errors in Religion, and neglect of all Goodnes among the old Britons* addes, m ZJngebantur Re^es, non per Deum fed qui ceteris cru- dehor es' extarent, c*r paulopofl ab Vntloribus, non pro Jcri cxamwatione, trttctdabantur, alijs elcftis trucioribus. But I wjl not be confident that it proues Vntlion in thofe times. The Phrafe might be vfd by him, as at this day Firjlpart. i^ city an Hereditary King after his Anceftors death, is faid to be Rex or fmperator falntAtm : which alludes only to the old Ityman forme of falutation in making their Emperor ; as we fay alfo in lmperium eueclns est, deriu'd from that Cuftomc of taking the defign'd Em- perors vp on Shields in the Camp. The firft of our Kings annointed , that beft of ancient autority /peaks of, is Jlured. He , in the life of his father Ethelulph y being fent to Rome, was therein Confirmation made 1 Pope Leo i v. his godfonne, and fpecially annointed as a future King. So the confent of *s4$eriHs Meneuenjis t Ethe/werd, Malmcsbury % and the reft of our old Monks, iuftifies. But with what difcretion or honeftie fhould the Pope annoint a child of v. yeers old, as a King, in hope of fucceffion, while his father was liuing, and three elder brothers alfo, Ethelbald, Ethelbert, and E- thelred f I rather incline to bcleeu that the Chrifm vfd in Confirmation, and only perhaps to that pur. pofe, by the Pope, was, afterward by Englifh Monks, not without fufficient caufe admiring this braue Prince when hecame to the Crowne,taken alfo as a defigning Omen of his following greamefle, and, that fo they might fpeak the bed andlargeft of what the Pope did, and thereby giuc a fpeciali honor to their King, fup- pofd for an Vn6tion in Regem. But howfoeuer, you may fee what was thought of it by this old n honeft n Kob. Glace- rythme. ftrenfa. Alfred ti)te jpeblemon, as tntfee v$x of Cfoace fjenom, (BuW tyunozeD ana forty ana tUielue,tJ)e &ingtiom, 9irft t)e a&oe at Rome pfce,an& tw is gret foifoome Cfce^ope LeonfetmblclTeDc,t^o^et|[)uDer come, vtntj ttje king ig Ctounc of tyi* lonD,$ tn tljis lono yut w : 0nD ° (i!;Ui>E^imtflbe^tn0,arl)eUjere^tns^tut£i. © oykd. 0nb t)c teas fting of Engelond, of all ttjat tfoere come, SE^at fcerft ti)H* pelea toa$ of ttje popeof Rome, S3 0no 1^4- Titles of Honor. #n& fuf fljje otyer after rjim of tbc Cr djebttitop eetjon, £>q tfjat biuo:e 91m, tfjur fting toas tljer non, None of this excludes VncTion before,but on T y wils him the h"rft annointed by the Pope. But we need not much blame the French Tradition of their Heaueniy oile. Our Engiifi haue as good a Tale. That Our La- dy gaue Thomas Ttecket Archb. of Canter bury y bc\no in banifhment vnder Hen.n.z Golden Eagle full of pre- cious Ointment, inclofd in a ftone veiTcll,commanding him to prefcrue it , and foretelling quod 'fajres Anglo- rum qui vngerentur hoc vnguento pugiles ejfent Ecc/efa, & Benign i & t err am amijfam a parent thus pacifice recu- ferarent, donee Aqttilam cum AmpuRa, haberent.Hc com- mitted it to fafegard in a Monafterie at Potters, where Henry the fir ft Duke of Lancafter, vnder Edward the Third in the warres of France, had it deliucrcd to him, by a Holy man (they fay) which fcund it by Rcuela- tion. The Duke gaue it the Blacky Prince. He fent it to theTower,therc to be fafely kept in a cruftflrong- \y hoop't with Ircn, wWCrc Rich: n. Tonne to the Blacky Prince, in fearching for his fathers Iewels, lighted on it, and much defircd to bee* annointed with it. But the Archbifhop anfwercd him , fibi fufficere quod femel per manus {p. as facram fufcepit in (^oronatione priftina YrMioncm\qu& habere non debuit ueratiomm. The King notWithftanding caricd it with him into Ireland, purposing, perhaps, iherc to haue been annointed with it, but, in his returne, at Gh't&fr he deliucr'd it to the Archbifhop, co.Tefling, tint he did rdolue i: was de- creed, he fhou'd not be annointed with ir, and fo in- deed it fell out. For, after him dcpofd,/A»#7 iv. was honbr'd with this fuppofd diulne Ointment in his Co- ronation. Then need not the French argue their Kings Honor from the CclcfHall Vnclion, Vnguine cam Rellqui facrcntur m.-teriah^ as Firftpart. 13$ as Brito faics; Heers as good and Diuinc an Ointment for the English. But I think, Reader, if you can ludge, you belecue both alike, I relate this of our Lady, as I find it; And credit it as I do the Tories of Numas being inftrucled by Egeria y UV>'inos or Talus by Jupiter, or indeed like theftorie of thztfitreus Ordinationis liber, giuen by an Angel to Saint Columba for the forme of a Adamann. making tAidan King of Scots, about the veer DC.and scotV'itsxn- j fuch more. Pretence ofHolineflfe and Particulars re- iumBM.i. ceiud from Saints or Angels wrought much , mongft the Multitude, in eftablifhing State Grcatneflc. Exam- ples arc obuious . For more Particulars inVn6tion of Princes, I fend you to the diuers publifhc Coronations. lnumjuntur Reges (faith Thomas b Becker of Canterbury) b E Pf;* d H™>. . J> ■ K a. ^ 1 1 ■ 1 r r ^, 2-ap.Matth. tn Capite , etmm peltore & trachijs y quod jtgmpcat Glo- p ar j s# riam y Santlitatem , & Fortitudmem. And it was long fincc faid in c our Law, and applied to our Kings, that c 33^-3. &• Reges, Santto Oleo Vntii , fmt Sfiritualis Jurijdiclwnis ^ aedeRo 7- Capaces. Neither is this annointing much difproportio- nat to that which d is deliuerd of a kind of initiating d Alex.abAlcxZ the old Tcrfian Kings, at tkeir inauguration, with ce- Genial. Dkr.i. remonies of Religion, Of ' Enfigns excernall, the chief ca P 9l 7* are, CROWN or DIADEM, SCEPTER, GLOBE and CROSSE; with other more particu- lar to fome only, which by the way we (hall alfo en- ough touch, Jguij omnino Re gum (faith Tertullian vpon * ^^r^* that in Efaj cap. 9.5.) infigne Poteftatis fu (faith c Pliny) nulla nifi Deo dabatur. Ob id Homer its 1 4. cap. 4. & f Q & [ tantum eat, & Pr&l&vniuerfb tribmt. Vint im ve- il .y.cap.$ . ^ ne - n Certamme quidem vlli. Per tint ^ primum omnium {Coronas Gen- Ltberum Patrem impofutffe Capitt fuo ex edcra, Poslea tium Dijs tri- J) e0 rhm honor 1 faenficantes fumpfere , viUimis fimul coro- butas ha cs a- Mt ^ Nomjfime & m facris certammtbus vfurptU*. , in Fpift.Baruciii. <\Hibpu hodie^ non fittori dant 9 fed Patriam ab eo Coro- propkctitfub- nan pronunttattir. Inde natum vt ettam Triumph at ur is nexd. conferrentur in Templts dicandac y mox vt & ludis darentnr. But in all thefe the honor was chiefly refer d to fom Deity, not to the Perfon crown'd. And thole fct by Louers on the Ports of their MiOreflcs dore , or els where, were not fo much to hirfelfc as to Cupid or hir Gtnitui JloriA fertA, Meum Mel, & h {lclMov t, siQAvov yihois as Suidas his words are, i. not ra- ' ther a Tribute to their Superiors , then a Crown to their Friends. And sTvpavtKcy s faith he, Mywi-nuv-Th u> 2c*p'- r©- riya JisMtuw, i. they call STEPHANICON (CO- RON AR1VM) what euer is giuen as a Reward or Bene- fit . And hence is it that in the EmbafTages of forrein Nations to Rome , fo often occurres for prefents , 2t«- (pstvot irofooi Xf u<70 ^ ^ nc ^ a g°Wen Crown was one fpe- .ciall, among the Rewards giuen by the Romans; their , A r /: , (Jfyfurall, Caftrerrfis and Nauall were d of Gold, and in C ep,6.fihbl* -later time the Triumphal/. I know fom make the gol- jb$.$;alij* T den ifi Titles of Honor den Crown amongft them and the Grecians alfo, an old b Anh*olog>i. Enfigne Royalh And Dionyftus b Ha/karnajfcw exprefly deliuers that the Hetrurians , amongft other Notes of fupremacic giucn to Tarquimns Prtjcus t furnifh'd him c &niid.%.& widi a golden Crown. So in Suanders c fpeech to v£* i>. neas, Jpfe Oratores ad me Regni% Coronam Cum fceptro mijtt 3 mAndat^ infignta Tarcbon. And that Great Poet in another place, ■ « i ingenti mole Ldtinus GhiadrijHgo vehitur curru, cut Tempora circum * t^urati bis fex Radij fulgentia cingunt Soils aui Jpecimen ■ Which the learned PdfcbAlttu interprets for a Crown Radiant, and as a note of fupremacic It might feem d InOrefit. out °^ d Euripides his words, that mongft the Grecians it was fo too.Hefpcaking of Atreus brother tojhyeftes faics: til Si(JL{JLCLTU %iwd.V itZtX^aKTiV @ll if IV Which is interpreted in the publifht books Cut dans Coronam, deft intuit De* (Fatum, fiue Lachefis) ^Difcor- dinm^ which is we'-l inough iuftifi'd by Arefenim the Greek Scholiaft on that place interpreting ^/u^ctlot, for c in Atxmtm- e'w*>vo< ty l"fig ne < N* n reuera (are his words) Coronam, quam Tufci Reges nunquam habuerunt; ergo jpecies eft pro genere. What can bee more plain ? For that of Latmus his Tvvelue golden Beams on his head, who fees not chat they were as a Creft imita- ting the Sunne, whofe Nephew Latimu was by Circe? That was no more a note or Royalty in him, then the like o£v<£tes, King of Colchis, of whom in the Argo- nautiqucs attributed to Orpheus ; A/V 1 <& ** 'S.TefJvnv Kipaxh \yj QvosurAajuy, i. his head had a %adiant helme on it* for rt?*'w and ^a\Q- is, to the Ancjcnts, an helme, as Corona, alfo to the * Latins. And was not tALtes fonne to -Phoebus J or the Sunne } Both he and Latinus , in memoric of their An- ceftors, bare on their helms thofe beams, as C 'afar in his coins did his Grand Dame J r enus , as Parthenopaus did his mother tAtalanta , or as ^Alexander did the Rams homes of lupittr, Hammon (his ftippofd father) whence he is call'd Dhilkarnijn, that is, double horn'd* And in Antiquitie the beams of the Sunne, with a re- ference, it feems to the xu. Signcs,wcre of the fame number, as the moft learned Virgil cxprefles. That is iultificd out of the old Interpretation of Dreams. One dream'd that he was a Sunne, and had eleuen beams ; the fucccfle was, that he became a Gencrall of an Ar- my, but loon in this Grcatnes died, becaufe (as they a faid) his dream containd not the perfect number of Beams: and the Lady h Philologie^x. hir Manage with ) an ^ at la ft (^ri^ecvQ-)the Crown. Yet rip. Hcciibam. * beleeu not this whole Affenion. For plainly Homer k Scboliaft. A- hath the word ^ctvQ- and ft* * t • 1 • l flf ' . , , ancienter then Hcmcr. But what is more obuiousthen deprauatuma- tne Oliue brought out or Northern Scythia by Hcrcu- pud Scholia- les, and planted in the Pantheion at £/a>*, whereof, the ftem)vti & ^ inftitution was that, all Crowns fhould bee made for SuidasmKoTi- y^ors in the I Olympians ? This they fpccially called Ncc vtrumc K«t^./5i?c4y©-, that is, whofe leaucs and twigs were fit Pantheoanex to rnake a fmc Crown, The fabulous referring of the HyperWcis, Originall of Crowns to Bacchus, or Promotheus (hew phntafuent l low ancient their vie was. Nonnnlli (faith Hygenus % in "* nflaM » Wc bis Pocticall Aftronomy, of Prometheus) Coronam habu- c ft. tjjt dtxerunt, vt Je victor cm impune peccajfe diccrct.ltaq, homines Firftpdrt. mi homines in maxima latitia dolore^ Coronas habere confiitnerunt . Id in exeratatiombus & Conuwjs per- fpitere licebit. But to conclude the purpofed point, Remember the relation ©f Diogenes Epicurettts . He requeued Alexander to a giuc him the honor of &4then*u*i>h wearing a gplden crown with Vertues picture on it, /^AM* whofe Prieft he profeft himfelf; Alexander did fo, and Diogenes prefently gaue it to his fweet-heart Lyfiodos, and fliee without exception ware it. The golden crown (efpecially in fome part of tAfia, as faufabon obferues ) was an enfign of Prieft-hood, and in that regard defird by Diogenes profefUng to be Prieft to, Vertue. What thought was of it amongft them as it reipe&ed Royaltie ? Thefe teftimonies as Well proou that Crowns in both the Roman and Gr*. €ian ftate were not anciently notes of a King,. as alfo giue light to anfwer other like occurring arguments agakft it. For many are>but all I think of fuch kind, as thofe before remembred. Its to be inquird how in other ftates. If you take a Crown and Diadem as One (which may well be in refpeel: they are both but Vtn- cula Capitis , and differ originally becaufe only the/)*- adem was of c'oth properly, or a fillet of fuch fluff, and the Crown was of Gold, Baies, Oliue , Oakc, GraiTc, Parfley , Iuy, and infinit more the like) then may you affirm that firft in Alexanders time the Crown or Diadem Roy all was vfd in Europe . He, after his Per/ian vi6torie, habitum Rcgum Perfarum (faith lufiin) & "Diadem a infoltwm ante a Regibns Macedonia* ^vslut in leges eorum quos vicerat tranjiret , ajfumit. And £1^ ^ Cur tins : Purpureum Diadema diflwElum albo quale bLib.6.&$+ Darius habuerat captii circumdedit . But whereas heerc Curtim faies the Diadem was Purple diftinguifht with white, in another place he writs (jdarim Perfe RegU . am tap'itU vocabat infgneihoe^drulea fafcia Albo di- ftinfta circHibat, So that the fillet which was wreathd might 144 Titles of Honor. might haue in it any faire good colour (forfo doth Purpureas fignifie, as Purpurea Nix in Pedio AtbinouA*. nus his Elegie to Liuia, and purpurei Rami, for Oaken boughes, in Catullus) but for the King, of necefllty it muft haue been diftinguifht with white, which was a colour in this more proper ro Maieftie, it feems, then a Ldngwus/t- the t\g\\fPurple in Robes; although he a which nam'd jp^Eunapium Porphiry in Greek Porphyrias, that is "Tar pure us, becaufc invit.ThUofa- j n Tyrian (Porphyrias was a Tynan) hfs name was Mem ViTpaeSj ^ Cy U a K m &> ^id as if ^^ and b Pi.rpureus had been conuertible. But the Kings of the LazA (z Scythian pco- b Jgathiasjtijl. pj e ) might wcarc no purple but only white Robes. The Cidaris or Cittaris was the fame with what o- c sttiddsm thers call c the Tiara? that, is a kind of folded Cap, verb. KjVJ. ending in a Cone, neer like the EzftcmTurbants (or Tulipants) and is the fame by tranflation with KvfCctnct d Ar'ifloph.m u a Cockj comk , Thus is one anciently <* perfonated, 'Of/fay fab. fpeaking of the Cock, A/a TXV7 etp tyuy ^ yuZ t u>7vrt$ V>&fikiv{ cy-tyas, JliaGctcr/.iiy \ni 7u( Kiy [jl'qi/@-> ofiku. 'l.therfere to this day (the fclion fuppos'd anciently in the firft of time,that Birds were Kings ouer men.) The Cock^ only as the Cjreat King (that is, the Perfian) goes attird c Euflathiad on hu head with a Right Tiar or Cyrbafia. Where note monyfPeriegcf. alfo another difference, that as the white fillet, fo the Tiaras exue- flanding vp riaht of the Tiar was proper only to the Tumo^oKov Kin &> vvhich ^ he Scholiaft vpon that place out of Cli- tu *?KAauv°. V t*?cnui deliuers . For it was common to the Pcrfians to weare c a Tiar, which in falutation they vfd (as we f Seneca ck Be- our nats ) to p U H c ff, but all others ware \t 'nfluyiAytw Tntmindcm '" ^ *0&**>«£ '-'< ™ ^ruvm i. f^ded and inclining forward^ Anfamtt as the Scholiaft fpcaks , which agrees with the report 'AvarUc.T,. of DcmaratH* his rcqucft to Xerxes^ vt Sardis f maxi- mam Firfi part 145 mam Afa cluitatem cmru vcElus intraret , rett.m capi'te Tiaram girens : id folts datum Re gib us. But the white Diadem was proper only to him (except % fome of the g Xenophm neereft bloud Royall) and was not .any part of the Qw.H-8« Tiar, as in what before cited, 3ppcares,as aifo in that of Darim his fattening his S:epter into ihe ground, putting on it his Martiall Robe and Tiar, 3nd h bin- h Tclyxmu ding them about with his Diadem > when he praid to Stma ^ cm j ' 7 ; r Apollo for fucceffe. In Vlutarctis L-iOitins , one hangs ^temU^T hir felfe with a Diadem, which {hews of what nature c ip ul m[ deTe- it was. Therefore-, whereas lu$iin ) fortius , and Dicdere. ridatis dude- fay that Alexander vs'd the Pevjian Diadem, I wonder mate, why i ArrUn (he wrote about Adrians time) affirms ^ * \va£dg that he tooke the Cidaris, from which, being the fame 4# ^ k/t^p/f! with the 7/^r^, ic feems by k others, he generally ab- , , , . ftaind , and ware the white Diadem vpon his Caufia: j> exa g- m '' Co was the name of the Macedonian 1 Cap or Helmet. , . , . Perhaps ^Arrian took Cidaris for the Diadem, as A- y^wi^ gatbias doth, it fcems, where he reports that after the death of Vararanes, his wife being with child ofafonnc (which the (JMagi had foretold, and therefore no que- ftion was ;nade of it) the Cidaris was put on the womb, as a ceremonie of inaugurating an vnborn King, who afterward was* Sapres or Sabcres ; the words of Aga- thias are t? y&$& tsizMviw tVjj KfcAtp/y ayui-cv Ban/Met tb tpfyvov. Neither only the Perfian, But moft of the A- fiatique Princes had this kind of fillet or cloth Diadem, as of Mithndates of m Pontus 1 Ttgranes of 'Armenia ; At- m Plutarch.:* talus n of Lydtiy and others, is reported. Yet an old coin LucutU. of one of Attalus his fucceflbrs, is yet ° ex' ant with n idernhnh* the head circled with a chaplct of fomc kinde of leaus, pophth. Re- and circumfenbed thus S um > vbicic Eumene. ^IAETAIPOT BACIAEnC. o Scalig. AnU mad. ad Eufe- which I rather referre to the honoring of fom Deity, bluir >P n S*3 l * V to 1^6 Titles of Honor to whom thofe leaues were facred , then any way take it for part of a Royall habit. The Princes of AJia in later times (I mean chiefly the Chalipbs) haue neither had the Diadem or Crown, as Royall. Yet not for the pJDeXepub, i. reafon which ZW/«Pgiues, making fuch difference twixt cap.9. the later Sultans there and the old fchahphs : whereas indeed the prefent Grand Signior reckons himfelfe for a true -Chahpb, as is before fliown ; and as other fu- prem Princes inLMabumedt/me^ challenges at his plea- furc all rights of the eld Cbahpbs. But it feems the Tartars (whence, the Turks) vfd, all of them, Tulipants before their Kingdomc eftabTifh/d at Bagded, and there- fore their Princes' alfo hairng not before in that kind any di(tin£tion,vnIcfle in price and greatnes, continued to this day , their rlrft form. But the Saracen foliphs, before their Othcmanique Empire, had (as its probable) the old Tiar or Cidaris richly fet with (tones , and in it the Diadem. L affirme not sbfoh tely fa. But refer you to ccnievfturc from what was in thofe parts ard- ently fo vfualJ ; and withall take this report of one of oVenhm>nTH' thofe old Chahphs (calfd by my <1 autor Algbabaji IL dulenf. (Vcab hapbtz,i, which I think to be Muftez,i of the Abafin fa- Ar\d Montana mj]y : ) Yebitur tile mula , Regtjs vcslimentis ex auro & ve s)/tfJ//- aroento contextis indutm, caput Cvdari crnatus incompa- nerario. Icnphc s ,.. . . ..,., n, I ■ c ^ ; ^ ■ circa 1180. rabtlus prety lapidwus jplenaentt. Super Cydarim vero »/- grvm fodarium geftat, quo geft amine faculi huius verecun* dtam profitetur. Whether this fidari ve teres Ha (las colutre^ ob cuius religio- ns memonam adhuc deorum fimulachrii Fhfrae adduntur. Which well agrees with their Name ^uirinns^nd J^ui- rites, fetcht from C ptri ^ m c ^ e Sxbm Tongue, Signify- ing Has~ta y or a Scepter. Cu?k Sabine Hasla (faith Fe- fius ) vndh Remains Quirinus qui czm fere bat , eft di- ttos. But the firft of their Emperors which ware a true Royali Diadem, was Aurchan^ about cclxx, after our z y\g W x j c . SftUtOUr : yet faith Paul W.-.mfed of Dice let ion : that he hacxe,verba Ornatum gemmarum vsftihw calciamenti r j 3 indidit. Nam . fuperiusha- prius Imperij ir.jigne in chlamjde purpurea tantumeratse- bes,c^.2. liquatfe communia. But TraianfiGrdian and others before htm, were (tampt in their coins with Laurels and Ra- diant Crowns of Gold. But of Conslantine the Great, &&j\ (faith Cedren) f$ autik afQiir mtvmv (ZcLfthiay Jtzfn- y&Ti yjri' different in forme*,but.all of them tied behind with dunr. fillets, as it fcems, going round the head as the Crown or Diadem; as it is in that of Heraclius more fpecial- ly ; which, being of gold,, and raifd with variety of conique plates, and the outmoft circle not much dif- fering from our Dukes Crowns, but ciofd on the top more like what we call Imperial^ is tied together with a kind of Riband behind. Hence is it that George fa- rapalates laid, that what they of late calld $^/^, was wont to be £** -For hee as a Temporall Prince alfo bears his Crown vpon grant pretended from Con&antwe * the Great. The * vide verb words of the Donation, as it is offerd to the worlds ^f 11 **" 11 " fight, are thefe : In pr&fentiarum tradimus prirnuni qui- ^ ,I * dem Lateranenfe noslri Regni palatium , quod cmnibus in Or be Terrarnm Palatijs prafertur & eminet-.Dewceps Did- denta id eft Coronam capitis iVfl/?r/.But the credit ofthis Donation is before e toucht. And the Monks haue af- e Pag.^. firmed that f the Popes Crown, calfd 'Regnvm , was *" Sigeberr. that which the Emperor Anattafitts fent for a prefent G ^ b!ac -f^ to ChlouU the firft ChriQian King of Trance , and that fchlouis then beftowd it on the Pope.The gencrallcon- ' fent mongft ChriftianPrincesin wearing them of gold, proceeded from the Kings of Gods chofen people, who vfing Crowns of gold and precious (tones 'O; X?wi (faith an ancient S Father) £ v ^t^ v v6 vm jw^aw S Clem.A/ex eviACchimi Ivrw&viv. i. Being annointed, bare QhriH fym- ^^tPl^^^x boltcally on their head.Wz alludes to the Ointment pourd . on our Sauiour,and the gold offerd to him as a King. How well then this muft fit' a Chrifrian Prince, ap- pears ..plainly. Yet vpon occafion other Crowns haue fo metimes by them been worn ; and that, Chaplets of lcaues, which you fee in the example of Fredcnque Barbarojfa , whofe Chaplet or Crown of Rue remains ' yet borne bendwife vpon the Barres of the Dukedom of Saxonie, For, when 'Bernard fonnc of Albert ZJr- fo y MarquefTe of Brandeburg, and brother to Oth*^\\c then Marquette, and to Sifrid Archbifhop of Breme y \V23 Vi Titles of Honor. was made Duke of Sxxome by the Emperor, he defird the Emperor to haue fomc d fterence added to his Armes, that fo his might be diftmguiflitfrom his bro- h Saxon.Ub 4. -tilers, Tunc impemtcr (iaith h Krant^ius) vt erat Coro- c*p.$7.&lib.j. nattu per tslum, Rut earn Core nam inlecit ex obhquo ta P* l 9* fftpptiCiiK t i$ Chpeo , which afterward (faith he) was born fo on their Coat, being before bktry S^ble and Or. The Mofccuhe or tLttffi&n Emperor being Chriltian, and of 'the Greeks Church,- and titling himself a King, as is al- ready (hevvd, wears no Crown of gold or other met- i Paul. Oder- tall, but only a Rich Cap cf ' l FtirpU y if. my Author de- born.vit.ihco- C eiue not; and for. his Orn3men-s, you fhall hea-e an ,^.'1' , . k EmbatTador from the Archduke to B'afihiu then Em- bermrcb.Mof. P cror tnere,thus dtfcnbmg his pretence of State. Pnn- ttmtic*. CC P S * n I° co eminentiore ac illustri , paricte imagine Diui cuiu'dam fp Undent e, aperto capite fedebat , habebdtcjue a D extra in Scamno pdcum (Kopack) fimsira vera bacu- Ixm cum Cruce (Pofoth) atcj p pelmm ei4m dmbtis guHjtr* nijs t ddiuntio impofitoq^ mantih. Aiunt ^rwcipem cum O- r atari Roman* fidei manum porrigat } credcre hcmh.i Je tm- ■mundo & impuYO porrigere s atqnc idea eo dimijfo manus lauare , whkh, for that fpeciall cuftorne, the rather I cited. Bt't out of what is here deliueid, may well bee collected that Jitter, or Warnfreds AiTertions of Dialc- tian and Aurelian (which others follow alfo)roay ftand IVidcfi placet, with that of Cedren touching CorM,wtine % if you fo in- Card.Zaromuw, terpret Conslantins , Diadem, that he was the fifift that tom.y qui i& j n i m j t ation f the Ievtifb Kings, tooke a Crtwn of huicnoftrx tncir ^ inc ^ °*" l Materials, for a Royall Diadem, before adamuflim/ whom the Cloth or Fillet was vfd mongft his peer antiquomm PredcccfTors. For it might well be fo in him that was nuirilmatum ( Q much an Author and Propagator of Chiiftianity in fijjenixm ^j s E m pi rc . /\ nc j h, s Nation haue a tradition of a mCmfimfor. Crown and other habiliments fent him m from hcaucn, t h)rog.caf.i2. the relation whereof I willingly abftaine from, but. tor this nutter, adde thac I ghefle, the Iewfi Kings had theirs Firft part 153 their's Radiant,Vpon that of our Sauiours of Thorns.For, fince they purpofd in their mockeiies to imitate in their markes of Royalty, the Crown, Scepter, and Robe of a true King , what in a Crown of Thornes was bet- ter rcfembled then a Crown Radiant ? Neer what the Duke noW^wf his is by fflft from Pope- Taw g*in- « Mckxlde tus. More of their formes will appear in ntter place, r when we fpeak of them as they are the ornament Of other, but Inferior Dignities. Some°autority is that Galfied.M* Dunuallo ^Molmutius wore a gold Diadem mongft nmlib.i.&$* our old Britons, and that Athelftan^ the firft of Saxon Kings, I am too fufpicious of my Author, to make you beleeu it as a truth and; Ethelwerd that lined in dccccl. ofChrift, fpeaking of Edward , fucceflor to Alured y and predeceiTor to Athelslax, expreifdy fayes that he was Coronatus fiemmate Regali, \\b\c\\ was but xl. or it yeares before Ethclwerds time.whobcing a Great man, and of the blond Royal], might eafilyinthac know what he faid.The traditions of Scotland are, that vn'- til King Achatus 3 the royal Crown/rom their. firft Fergufe 3 Was of Gold, LM'ditaris valli ? firma, or plair.e $ But p Hefior.Boct* that hee adJed to the plain Circular Crown, quatuorlL Hifi,i.&\o. ha aurea, quatuor cum (ahiiifcrz Cruets auras fignis pa- Circa An,8oo 3 r.ibus inter uadis difcrctis^ lilijs pau/o eminent cr thus. And to this Achaius is attributed the addition of the Bor- dure fleury about chcScotifli Lion , Significant (faith Hettor) Franc orum opibus.quibuscum fcedus inter at, Leo- mm exwde muniendum. Of the TVefiaoths in Spame, its exprelTely delioerd that the foil q which Reg: a infigvia q Rodmc.Totct. atj? vfiftrumenlum principale , 7> 'abeam , fcef ^trumfDiadcma btf.i ptcr. But more ancient authority then any ~ r a of this, is in hr.Jy writ where you c haue, T^ 5V- ter Jhiu not depart from It*i>w n§r a Larvgiusr between bis feet vntttl Shilj come : which was to confirm the perpetuity of a lervi/Jj fupremacie (not of one ttibc it fee-Ties, as moft 'earned men haue affirmo) amongfl; that Nation vntill Chrift came. Which \et was fatisfi d as WvH in the Priells , and thofe Aichmalotarchdt (they arc call'd Capita Captiuitatis in tAriM his Beniamin) as in Kings. F-r 3 almoft ccc. yearcs after the Baby- d lofefi-Anuq. Unique captiuitie, was no King there : the fir ft which ludjicA^.c.:^ wore (l a Diadem , after that, being Ariftobclus fonnc 19. & Vide to Hjrcamu. And as (ncn^yj^ in Greek, fo as exactly ca P'>* agreeing in the holy tongue, a King is c call'd "]T3"ft c Amos cap. i. \3^\I7 i. one that huth a Scepter. And for the old Ro- Com.]. mm ^ atc ^ w j iac wc ^ auc ^ c f ore out { Jtiftwe, is fuffi- cicnt. Ptrjtpdrt. ijj cient. From this antique fymbole of Scueraignty , is that interpretation of Mercuries bearing a Caduceus^ hich is a rod or litle ftaffe wrestV.M about with two Snakes) quod ^Mercatoribns (as pH-gcrA'tus his Words are) det altquando Regww, vt Sceftrxm, & Tahiti vt Serpentium> Of the Perjian King, to this purp fe, the ftoric <hm Standard. Hence came the Eagle to be borne by the CyropacLy *JRenta?:s in the field (not vpon a. banner as now, but) in an image vpon the top of a fpeare or long piece, fixe at p'eafure in the earth , or borne, whereof neat Lipfiuj at large in his Commentaric on Polybius. And it was one of the ; marks Consular or rather Trium- phant in Rome ,10 haue an Iuory Scepter with ah Eagle on the top of it, which Iuuenal means in that Da nunc & volucrem fceptro qua furait ebumo* ^ . . n J * 7 J * m0ngn>i2.c,t & Appian.ift So they bare it in their triumphs; whereof m Jfidore: ?mcu, V z Super 15 6 Titles of Honor* Super Scipionem ant em aqttila fedebtf 3 ob indicium ejHod per vitloriam quap ad fupernam magn.tudinem ucederent. and the chief ornament of great mens tombs hath bin n Annpitcr in the image of an Eagle fct on them a&thc" Epigrams ABtbologlib.$, vpon Ariftomenes and Plato (hew vs. From this anci- t*M& cs Hh cnt honor of the Eagle Was deriu'd it Teems, the wea- ring of Cjolden Eagles painted on the Eaftern Emperors oGeore?bm~- ^ OCS : ° and lts re P ortec * '^ at on ty ^Y this -note of Hb.i.cap.tf. ■ greatnes , the body of Const. tntine Dracojis the laft Greek Emperor there , in the taking of the City by the Tvrkj, was found out. My autors words (v yon Pent anus his credit in the tranflution , for he is not publifrYt in his ownc language) are theie . Abluebant capita oc- cijorum plurima y ft forte &• lmperatoris nojatarent : nee pot er mnt . nip quod corpm examine inuenerunt , id- que ex tmperatorijS calciamentu agnouerunt s in qutbus (vt Imperatonbus con [net urn erat) Acjuita Aurea depttla vifebantur. Yet its certaine, the hailing Eagles fo pain- ted was not folely proper to the Emperors. Both the Dejpote and Sebaftocrator had fo . George Codin is my witnefle. It was 3llowd them by the Emperors among their enffenes of Honor ; as they had alio other marks which in itory arc ns appropriated to Jmperiall great- q Anifcf. nes * As^Heraclitu was known <1 ex rubra Ocrets ,1. by Bibliotbiift.iS. his purple Buskins in the field twixc him and the Per- pan j vet ft is plain, that in later times it was giuen as r ZathiRcgi a .iberty of fpcciali honor to weare Purple or r R c d Lazorumm- fhoes ; which Ntcetas Chomates calls, as it were, the dulgccur. /fc<- Rjghc ^ .^ ^ cJi ^ And , hc oW ^ lhim Kings had 1 J 3 ' the like, whom,/. Cafar f deriuing himfelf from them { Dhhifl.^. by lultu , imitated.' But the Roman Confuls had ihcir e^videfis^. g,] t Shoes, if Cafflodor e deceiuc not, whofe autcrity, I ^'mmS' m tnin ^> li f°* c m 1 ^ IS P°i nt « Ccnfulatm te decoramtts in, Jignkhts ( are his i words ) Ptnge vaslos humcros vario t yariar. lib.C colore pilmata/vahdam manum vi clonal* Sciptone nobiltta, form. is lares propria cttam C ale as Auratis tgredere* And Ltpfttu thinks Fir ft part. 157 thinks hereupon that they were a fpeciall Ornament Confular ; but its certain that in Rome both Purple, golden > and varioufiy colourd (hoes were in a more common vfe,as u Epifictus his touching that Vanitie u Embirid? difcouers. Bur/or the Scepter, remember that of * A- cap.6i. nshtle , where hee fpeaks of the Heroique Princes x Politic. Ub.y, which goutrnd cT ylv in o^yioyTK c\ J? Ipyvomi* O .ytvm< 2^aT^? yXv Cmfianttnop. //* to? cy au7rJ ©e?*>i>.a3«7a ■ '11 Gl pg n c pr&cepit jabricari quaji aureum pomum atc^ ctrcun- hri locum. lib. i. dari per quadrum preUoffimis quibufy gemmis ac defuper cap.%. Auream Crucem inferi 3 snd this the Pope gaue him, g Al.Vifum. vvhich hce beftowed on the Monks of Clugny. If the credit of the r BritiJh Arthurs feale pretended anciently for a moft (peciall monument in Westminster Abbey,- were fufficient,it would follow that our Kings had vfd it as foon as the Reman Emperors. For vntill Justinian it feems it was not ordinary in their ftatues. Hee was Emperor in dxxx. and then was cur ^Arthur King of Britain. Neither csn any quefhon be of his rajgne,al- though much is and iuftly, of his abnfd victories. But hLdvid.Ajftrt. his form in that feale of his , is thus, by h one which Arthur if. faw it,dcfcribed. 'Purpura rcgaliter indutus Pnnceps fc- det fuper bemicircnlum , quale m videmus pluuium arc urn. Capite ccronato fulget. Jn dextera eonfurgit Sceptrum ipfo UUatum vert ice. Sim fir k zero, or hem Cruce 'infign.tt.m ccmpleclitur. But the Globe was, before Theod+fius . v- fually held in the h/mds of Emperors , as their Coins witnes.And the Crofle alio alone amongft thofc which were not Chilian ham been found, by like tcitimo« nic. Ttgura flolata cum Cruet & Yt&wia in per 'B;:Jim, is the defcription of ^ ne of Galktns Coins bjtAJdelpb Occo. But the addition of the Crojfe to id ie- lig":ous vfc of it in Diadems, Statues, piclurcSjB: nncrs, and fuch like proceeded from the Great Constant we his fo much honoring that diuine Symbclc. For,when Maxcntius vfurpt the Imperiall name agaioH him , hee So/licitudimbus confiitittus in fomr.io vidit Cruris fignum i rr'wartit.h'P. Calo (plendide collocatum ; miranti^ vifionem (the words i.a>p.<\.Si^i,i. are » Caffiodors ) adftitcYUnt An gelt dtcentesiO Conftaru ti Ftrjlpart itfi tine f IN HOC VINC E.Fertur autem & ipfum f £ , N Toyv Chrislum Apfaruiffe eijtgnum^ tnoxftraffe Crucis^c pr In quibus effigies Crucis y Aut gemmata refu'lget, Ant longis folido ex auro pr&fertur in hafiis. And,of his name figncd by ^p.mixt, Chriftus Purpureum genmanti textus in Auro Signabat Labarum ; Cljpeorum infignia Cbrtflus Scripferat ; ardebat fummis Crux aadita criftis. Tunc Me Senatus Militia vltricis titulum^Chrtftit^ verendum Ncmen ador or f his (hirt ileeuc,and foheput her ^ InMankam whole into hcauen again. But this is as true, as, c j^ m -^f" that * Gabriels wing touching the Moon was the on- tomSacrors*!!. ly caufe why (bee differs fo much from the Sunne in- apud cawi/TAn- light. Laugh ac thefe, and you fball haue a better in- tiq.LecVTom. quiry. The Ancient and prefent Arabian account is by J* Lunar veers , as infants in Aftronomy know. In the » D ? f'^" Root of their tiegira ( which is as much as Perjecutt- ^/w.tranfla- 0#, and in the Alcora-n occurrs by the name of %AL ta. kegire; and fupputated from the flight of Makumed, out of Mecha, being vnder Ueraclius A. Chr.DC.xxu. is alwaics vfd for the date of the Grand Signiois let- ters as before is remembred ) it fo Ml out that the New Moon of theit firft Month Muekaram ( whence as we from Afarckjhcy accompt ; fauing the vnfted- faftnes happening by intercahtions,which Lunar yeers muft haue) reckoned by their annuall courfe of Meane Motion,thcn differing, in this Hagaren ycer,neer three daies from the True Motion of the Moon , was the third day after the true Coniunclion or Change : at which time commonly in our CroirTantform hir appa- rition is in any climat. Neither could the New Moon of that Hagaren yeer otherwife fall out , it being the xv i. of our Inly and Friday. V»dc [me dnbio ( faith Di- Y 2 uinc i^4- Titles of Honor. t Vc SmendtU uinc * I°f e fh Scaltger) ho die omnes Muhamedtfta in ft- Tcmp.lib.z. fl l ^j s f umm ^ Turritim ilUrum e qmbpu Lunam nafcentem fpectilanttirjtnponunt Lunam CornicuUtampro Infigniquent- admodum Chrifliani Crucem. For it could fcarcc bee likely but that they, whofo rclig' ; oufly had fabled of their Impoftor Mahumed y and regarded his particular Actions with fiich fuperftition,mutt,with allReuerence, obferue and honor the Moon , in that form as fhec appeard when their great Prophet was perfecutcd, u Scatiger.cxn. when as their whole generation hauc with fuch u ac- l/kpgMb.}* clamations of ioy, dancing, leaping, and hope of fore- fho wn happines, alwaies entertaind hir firft,and cucry monthly apparition.calling her then Nalka i. a Horfe- fboefiom the likcnes of figure. But that is not with- out example from the Jem , who moft anciently held x Ante alia "their New Moons ( as * teftimony of holy Wm fre- vero confulas quently fhews) which Horace calls their 'Tnccfim a Sab- Vfdm.%i.com.i y at4t And at this day (fo y Scaltger teaches mee) as iJni^dE- ' *" oon as thc y ^ cs hcr a ^ cr Coniun&ion , they prefently mnd.Tmp* C H ' JfflS^ feV\ W NWr\ 5TO yEFOi' G "d Fir- rum, tune to vs and to all IJrael ; as the old Greeks were wont, to falute their Lights brought to Table with VmdeU^* **«**>«^,fomwhat like our cuftom in the fame mat- Ut.*.* ^ tcr - l^ tm ( rnar is ; as r ^ c Iewes » k"* 1 w y. m °ft n °ble auzct)faciu»t & 0\fuhat»medani , quamuU Ncemxnia* ex fcripto indkere fo leant. Bur the moft ancient Arabia ans had their chief Goddcfls Alii at (by Herodotus in- terpreted frama) which by all likelyhood was but the Appearing CroilTant known to this day among the Mahwedansby the name of xj^f^, uHtMJtfNbcnct - AhUt is plainly made : vnlciTe rather from the fpurnc lam^lln- Lilith fyfp^ mentioned in * holy Writ, which the terpretibus, Jem fay is a Spirit very Dangerous to yeng Children Prix, &fimilia. or Women in Childbirth, whereupon their cuftom is b Lluuin Thr- ^cfpccially of the German Jem) at the b Birth-times of rvB^enSirC l ^ Qit Women , to chalk out on eiiery of the walls of the Firjlpart. \6$ the Chamber in a Circle , this charmc. : rv&*$ TMt fvm tn« u tsfdantfleue, Hence (or out) Lilith. And in the in- ner door of the chamber they write the names ofthree Kngc\SiSemi y SanfeHoi Samanegelofh (preferners ofyong children) which they learned once of Lihth when they would haue drownd her in the Sea. A learned and dik creet tradition I Whether with this AhUt , Li/ith, or H*///,thc name of Jlethyia^be'mg, in 'Pindar fomwherc E\d6^,for Lucina> among the Gentiles , had the fame origination , I inquire npt here. Their offices and at- ' . .. tributes arc common c enough, to offer periwafion^which ^li-'^^JSrh may induce you to. think fo. Children know that Z#- CUofEM»i(H/ij« etna and the Moon arc as one and Lilith had(I doubt not) its beginning from ^fcfp or ^fp i.thc Night,and is,if the later lod be turnd into ftot, the plurall Num- ber offt^^, whence Jonathan Ben-VzJtel makes it ex- prefiely in his Chaldee ^fp^p , as if hee fliould haue faid Nights ; and that Hah/ in Arabifme is but NotlU. luca from the fame root. Whence ( vnder great Scalt- gers fauour ) I am- neer perfwaded that their honor to the Croiflant is more ancient then the Regira. An J haue we not autority Beyond exception, that the Camels of Z&bah and Zalmttnna d two Midianir (or lfmaehti^ ) d Iudk.cap.%.* Kings flain by Gideon, had about their necks , as ac- com * Xl% knowledging their Royall Mailers by their enfigns , r-WvfrKSl which the Rabbi s interpret the Images of the Moon. Crefcents alfo were worn vpon the Sena- tors of Shoes in Rome> which is beft deriud from their difcent out of the .Arcadian Nation, which calld them- felues <8&oihbjjn i. Ante lun ares ; not that they faind themfelues more ancient then the Moon (as Torn idly) but becaufc they would undertake no matter of mo- ment before the New moon,as the Lacedemonians would Y 3 • ifoc \66 Titles of Honor* not till the Full. Kinds of fuperflition common to the old Germans, Gaules, and others. Hence is the Lunate c Syluir.^rn plant* in Marthafahc like in others. And c Statin* Protretitic**d Crifpin* gi c te ^ c i are pHer,genitum fibi Curia fenjit % Trtmatfc Patricta claufit vejiigia Luna. How much the Crefcents or utwimtoi i. little Moons . were won; to honor ftatues and Images may be fcen tM'pban.m . ft f Grcek AmiquiticS# Although , I know, the moft ,#; noble and learned S /vt figmm vttti€ Gentis penes quam (as Lipfipu fpeaks) Or tent is imperium e§et. But I ffiuft i Harmempul. not fuhferibe to them. How much, euen fince the Epit.cano7j.feH. blended propagation of Chriftianifme the New moons 3.^.3. ex Sy- haue been, and fuperftitioufly, regarded, is known out nodo in Trullo f tnc j r i Bonfires and fuch iollities vfd at them. But *V bl " &v * for the Mahumcdans , and. Ffagsrent , qucftionlciTe to i»Zzo/.Edit/" tne * r Moon, A/ifat,HaM,Nalka (which are all one) you Ducxana.aJ- ma y reduce their Venus , on whofe week day their uerfus traftCjif law i3 fuppofd giuen,and to hir Planet, the change or f*rr&s'T*{ continuance * of it is by Altrologers ( I inquire not *Pwi*Atlia h ° W WcIi ) rcfcrd aS Chnfttaft proton to the Sunne, ctiediUet. tnc hwfi t0 Saturn^wd the like* But Hiftorians think Cap.u fa^y their Ventu to interpret Qubar or Cobar io fa- mous Ftrfipart. \6y moils among them. For Cubar or Cobar is nothing by interpretation but AvvhtQ-,! v otens , Mighty, and (o is but Halil } Lunw,ov Luna, and by no means ( as I gheffe) Venus $ you take Venus t as we do, for the firft Planetjbut well enough,if you confider the name, as defigniug only a GoddetTe or Starre of fight generally, whicji Cubar will well endure.And thofe Eaftcrn parts had cuer anciently the Moon vnder both Sexes in their , Deuotions. Lunus^ znd Z^^.Which feems not of yon- carlcall^vUSc ger beginning then the adoration of the 5«»wamong confulendus the Ptrfians : which, as the Crefcent now to the Ma- Vxl.if.ctf&u- humedans,vjzs in fome fort vfed , and fet vpon their bmci * Royall pauillions. Paino more Perfarum (faith 1 Cur- \ cm ^X & - tttu) tr adit urn ejt orto jole demum procedere : die tarn tL %, C yr p/ when begun as proper to the Eldcft fon and heire of England.Z)#£/ of Corn wall. ^Prince flf Scotland. Duke of Rothfay. Steward of Scotland. Earldom of Rofle by AH of Parliament made as Ap<* panage to the fecond Tonnes , in Scotland. Infanta of Spain. Prince of Aftura. The Pragmatica of Philip i 1. for writing to the Infanta of Spain. CHAP. I. O auoid the danger of an enfuing Anar- chic, as well in EIccliucasHereditarie Mo. narchies,a designation hathvfually been of the next APPARANT HEIRE or fuccclTor : and that by fome honorary name. In the Second part. 169 In the fiift of the Reman Empires infancie, fucceflors were by adoption appointed , and ftil'd Pnncipes Ih- uentutis. The rlrft example was in Ottoman his adopti- on of Cains and Zw«#,fonnes cf his daughter ht&aby Agnppa. Yet (as is before touclu) with them , Pf*»- cjps alone was cquiualenrwith the name of Emperor. Otho^xo his a Armie. Nee privatum me vcctri fuftinco, a Tac'>t.W(l»r. Princeps a vobis nominatus ; nee Prineipem, alio lmpe- i.ScAxnul.i. rante. And,of Augustus , the fame amor : Lepidi at% 3 Antonij arma in Augttftum ceffere, qui cuntla difcordijs cimkhui fejfa nomine Principis Jub imperium accepit. Thrncc came Prwcipfittu and b Principwm to bee ab- *> Temuiatt, (tofts for their Power and Gouernment. The aRccla- GM^™$ tinn of this Title by the Emperors (prang from the v- fuali name of Princeps Scnatits, which was before the Cafcrs , known among them. So did they in this pre- sent innouation. Whereupon the diflembling Tiberius often c sffi md himfelf Atmjy*7»p $S e<iwwv, j$f Ji c Dk.h'f.^. A0/77WK upoxpiT®- .i. Emperor of the Armie s \ but prince of the Reft. But thofe who were constituted for fuccefljj- on } had alwaies the addition of luuentutis to Princeps ; which Zonaras turns t»V Njo7»t©- t^oKftl-Q- .'• Prince oj the Youth. The two, adopted by OEtauian , are expreft by this name in a Coinc, pi&urtl with them, circled thus : C.L.CAESARES AVGVSTI F. COS. DESIG.PRINC. IVVENT.in the hands of that noble (JMark^ Velfer of Axffourg. Others like are ex- ,tant,with that Title ; being,as is fuppcfd,worn out of that *s4ncyran monument, whtie you te?d ; E QV I- TES. ROMANI.V-NIVERSI.PR NCIPEM. HASTIS AUGENTEIS DO. NATVM APPELLAVERVNT. 1 he d^6\ is fupplicd by conieclure of two great cmd mod lear- ned Critiques, Cafaubon and LipJiH/ 9 xxhh I V V. C. for lnuentHtis Caitm. And as Princeps Scnatm was chief Z M 170 Titles of Honor. in their Senatorial order in their free State, before the Ctfarcan Empire,was the-name of Princeps Iuttentutx for a chief in the Or do EqtieBris. So is the fonne of d QM.inVA- C^urio named' by d Cicero, From OBauian yntill Ha- nniur,. vide! drian this Tide remain'd for the apparant fucceffor. Lippi'.efiMb.i. Thence began C&*t in tnc ado P £i - on of Hadrian by ■Jraian'.ihc name of fefar fir ft was the mark offucceflion. Avhwc diuifa (faith he) nominit Cefarum atfa Augu fit: indue! umtfe in T^emP.vti duo , feu plures fummz potent U y dijfimiles , cogncmento ac potentate difpari fint. C*Jar was then what remains to this day in the Weftem Empire, known more vfuallyby REX ROMANORVM. Which began- with the Tranfla- tion jt feems,of the Empire out of Greece into France. Of the inauguration of Charles le magne , writes Sige- bsrt j Kerch Regi Impcratorias Lmdes acclamant euma per man um heonis ¥ap£ Coronant ? fofrem & i/tuaufttim appellant, Pipinum verb filium eius Regem Ital'i£ Or din a- turn ccllaudant. But its obferud , that after Charth fur- aam'd Crajfn4(z\l thc Emperors before him being meer- Second pdrt. \\ji Iyhereditarie,&enioying their Title not fo much by Co- ronation or Vn&ion , as right defcendible ) no other ftilc was aflum'd till Confecration from the Pope , but Rex Remmorum } znd that it being had, thenceforth they were all wri en Augusli and Imperatores • and fb in their Charters was it by themfelues ebferud with Anno Regni fo /mvizhjntpery fo much : £luodGtnnes(fo\$i * Onuphrius) pofiea eim (of Charles the Grojfe ) fuccef- a j)c ComUl's fores vfy ad Nostra Tempera religiose admodum obferua- Inspiratory c. runt. He,more at Iarge 3 giucs you a rcafon of it in this f AnnaCcm- Charles. But he was a child of the Romifh part, and f^^^-3; \o } \ know, you reipect him ; ye^was hce one excee- rem.t.Quaxn- ding well deferuing in ourage,of the (hteof this kind orPrincipes cf learning , and in this gtucs you the truth. And rationeDigni- this Rex R omancr um was to "be Crownd & annointedby cau * Gr ^o the -Archbiffiop of Coloane ztAix. But in the Eaftcrn 1°^}°^ Empire, C*/rfr continued for thenextdignitieto the fu- mcmimt /tutor preme,only till Alexins* (^cmnentis. He when Nicephorus Expedit.Afia- Melifenus had been before by him made Cafar, cxzzicd his tie.Trcdcric.i. brother Ifaac a new title, and calld him Sebaftocrator ; and a ? ud Ca *' l f* made him fecond from the Crown , and the title of odorus^Impe- C^r^third. Afterward, the fame Emperor Alexias ha- rator Ava- iling one only daughter Irene^hom he gaue in mar- 7**T£*fK&t- riage to Alexius P«?/^/<5^^jandnoiiTuemale, made the *wo>x}2€&e- Sebaftocrator to bee as third from him, and the Cafar T0K ^§^>^ founh(whofe State &Dignitic was by him equalid with ^l}^lt% the Panhyperfebaftus.anothcx tide of his making) and Ao^enW,*; inuefted this FaUologus with the fpeciall Title of 8 B E S- vtw hoi-nbA POTE, which thence remaind in that State for the **v*vja V fa- ncxt after the Emperor, and well may bee interpreted ^ A j^ T? 1 '"' by the French Monfieur , applied to the Kings brother Georgjfoeo- and apparant heire«And as hec is the Monfieur for ex- thet. Chronic. ccllencie in Trance^ fo the heire apparant in Confkanti- Conftantino- nople was calld o Ai«wth< the Desjote , yet not other- P°l-/^.zo. wife but that 2W™was alfo (as Morfeur & Prince 8 ^"q^ ,,ts * With vs) communicated to the Emperori6fonnes,fonnes Ujw*ii* Z z in 1 7 z Titles of Honor. in law and Brothers, When the Emperors fonne was inuetted with this title of the D^^re\M\ fonne to Valets (and afterward King of France ) or of their fucce(fors Kings of France, according as the fame King or Duke fohn or their fucceflbrs fhould ordain, a la charge que celm que ferra inueslp du dift Daulphine & fes heirs & fuccejfors an ditl paisferroient tenus defe fatre appcller DAVLPHINS DE V1ENN01S ( the Metropolitiquc Citie of that Territory is ViennA ypon 'Pho(ne) & porter les armes da dicl Daulphine ef~. carte lies auec les armes de France fans pouneir laijfe le nom de DaulpSin, ny les dits armes. & q 3 le dici Daul- phine nepitrr.it (fire vni an Royaume de France que /'Empire ny fas! p.ireiilement vni, Whofe fyJiables I the rather cit- , becaufe, againft the Credit of many other, their autors and the common receiud opinion, he iu- iYrrles himfelf out of the Instrument of that Donation,, vvhichjby his after tior n he had made vfe of. So trntnei- thcr Ishn Duke of Normandy , nor his fonne Charles (afterward Charles v. of France) were either of them conllituted Daulphin (as fome haue deliuerd ) but this 'Philip Duke of Orleans-^ fecond fonne to Valois, jince whom that, Scare vpbn good re-fon hath fo ordaind, that it (being a neighbour Territorie to Skuoy and 7- taly) fh uW neucr be further from the Crowns poilef- fion then in the fonne and heire aiparant. Although it fee in- true that Charles v. fonne and fiKccffor To K. John was the firit of their Kings which was Daulphine, For the beginning of the Title : Its k affirmd that a- k Ad**d»\ bout ciD.Lx.vnder Philip i .one G*y Earl or Goncrnor ?r£?£!tfc or moit or that Territorie. n:m d it Da^phtne.in fauo- faapA&aih rable refpeel of a match twixt his fonne & the dauch* trts* Ut of Daulphin Ear! of ^Albon zndyiennois.Su to per* petuat a name which by alliance had honored his fa- Z 3 milir. *7+ Titles of Honor- 1 Circe cid. cc.x-Pciruide ylneislib.i. Epift.A9- ni Io.iBeJco Ccdcftinjn Vi- cm\x Antiq. . n P.&mUius kijlor.%. o .CofmogMb.3. part.z.cap.^o. mily* And i Frederique n« writing to his Capitane of Sicily >i peaks of Delphtnm Comes Vienna confanguineus & amizus nofter. And another French m Antiquarie faith, that Daulphm was the furname of the Earls of Viennois y *Albonj\\o\ s^ruerneznd that they bare for their Coat the Ddphin y which afterward being controuerted twixt the deuided houfe of Viennois and zAruerne y \x. was or- derd,thit they fhould both bear the Dolphin, but with differcnces.Thereforel can hardly think that the word Daulphm was in that part of France (ox Gaule) accor- ding to the idiom of the ancient AHobreges (they had their feat here and in Saucy)\ fpeciall name fox Prince, and Daulphine fox Principality. Notwithstanding that a moft n iudicious aucor,of the French ftorie/peaking of the marriage twixt one of Philip the fires daughters to the Daulphin of Viennois^ faies, ita fuos Principes vocita- bant Allobroges. And in a Monafterie of the lacobits at Paris (I fpeak it vpon the credit of ° P. Meruit) the Epitaph,of Humbert is thus conceiud : Cy gift le pere & tres illuftre Seigneur Humbert iadis Dauphin aulphin or Dau- phin is taken as fignyficant for Prince* But not, cucry heire apparant with them is called Daulphin. Its on- ly Secondpan. 175 Jy the fonne and heiret which hath indeed its ground in the firft Donation. Eucry other heire apparant(fup- pofing their law Salique , which excludes Females) is calld the Monfieur\ asmotmany yeers CxncCyFraxcts Duke of Alencon^ and brother and heire to Henrie in. and in the memory of our Fathers, Francis Duke of Engou- lefme, brother to Lewes i i. and afterward King. For their law Salique ( becaufe few know any thing of ir, though -all talk of it , and it belongs to this purpofe ) a word or two.There are yet remaining, and in p Print, E ,. Q . :Leges «&f/K*,compofd (as they fay) by foure Counfel- SniafSsJS^. lots about pharamunds time; ^fogaft y Bodogajl(fomcz\\ Conftic Impe- him Lofogart) Salogasi^nd fVindogasl or Hufogas'}. In rial.Tom.3.. them you (hall read thus : De urra verb Salica nulla portio Hare dual is Mulicri veniat 9 fed ad Virilem fexum ■Tot a- terra haredttas peruemat. The be[t interpretation .of Terra fake a ( although fome will haue q it RegUnu qApudHadr}- ■Terrain &. DcrmmHm Corona & t^Maiestatis T^fgia Fran- an hm. in Bata- corum) is by our word Knights fee , or land held by vi*cap. 9 . Knights ieruice. Som deriue it from * Sal? e 00 tracked Gmpau from Sadel or Sadie , Signifying alike with vs and- the ,amc ' J V' %t old Franks which were Teutomque, and calld alfo Salt- ans. And not long fincc in an Arrerf in the Parlia- ment at Burdeaux, ypon controuerfie r twixt two Gen- r Bod'mdeRe- tlemen for priority of their houfes, a very old Tefla- pubMb.6.cap.t. ment being produced, whereby the Teliator had deui- fed his Salique land y it was refolud in point of iudge- ment that this name interpreted Fiefs. And, who knows not that Fiefs originally were milgarie gifts^and as the fame with our Knights Fires ? But, the Crown or any fuprem Dominion cannot be calld a i 7 ;*?/ or i 7 ^, whole effence coniifts in beeing held by fome tenure. And good Lawiers haue thought that the text extends no t . otherwife. Whereupon, I think, one, now liuing f at ng Jjl^ e ' xc %. P^ar/peaking of their Royall fuccewoOj by them al- knciedesRoiu. lowd only to Mafles , makes it-rather a perpetuall cu- itutef.. ftoni ij6 Titles of Honor < (lorn then particular Law. Ce ttefi point (faith he) vn loje ecritte, mats nee auec nous f que nous nations point in- vent e'e t mats £ awns puijfe de Nature wefme qui le nous a a in ft apris & dome cet inftintt. But why then is it call'd SaJie/u* ? and why was that law (o vrg*d againft our Soucraign of famous memoric Edward m, To be leng and curious vi on this matter, rits not this place. But Gcrcptus vnderrokes a coivc&urc of the firlt caufc which excluded Cynarcocratic (or femali fuccciTiona: d gouemment) among them, and ghciTes it to haue pro- ceeded from their obferimion ot 3 great misfortune in Warre, which their reighbeurs the ISru-clerans (a peo- ple anciently about the now Ouer-lfel one of thexvn V. >uinccs, from ncer whom, he, as tinny others, de- riues the Franks) endur'd in time of Vefftajian vnder the c v .Tacit. Hi- conducl and Empire of one e Jelleda , a Ladie euen of /?or.4. diuine eftimation amongft them. But, howfoeuer the. Law be in tru'b, or intcrpretablc, it is certain that to this day, they haue a vfe of ancient time which com- mits to the care of fome of the greateit Peers, that they when the Queen is in child birrh, be prefent and wanly obferue leaft the ladies ftiotild priuily coun- terfeit the eirneritable fex , by fuppofing ibm other Male when the true birth is female, or, by any fuch means, wrong their ancient cuftcm Rciall; as of this Lewes xni. born on the laft of Scptembe: in ci:>.dc. t K$dutpb.Bo- 1S > ^ tCr other fuch, f remc-mberd. Before the title of tq. Comment.*. Daulphin j I find ngt.any fpecial! name foj vq French heir ipparant. BotfcHc and his brothers art vf ally in their o;d liorres calld generally Regcs , as the Chil- zV.Zthelwerd. ^ rcn °^ **?* Saxon Kings with vs arcs C/yicnes, or CIj- tib.ucap.i9* & tuncu/i. Ucdit ettam confilium Edricus s vt Qiitunculvs, rcccntiorum Eadnardum & Earlmundum Regis Eadtnundt fi/tos neca- complurcs. ret s faith Rcgtr of Hcurden. This Chto , Cltto , and Clitunculus , they had from KauI^, i- tncljtus , by which they interpreted their Saxon word E'fceli r Ethclwg, i. Noble. Second part. 177 Noble. One h fpcaking of the Cjerman Saxons voder h Witb.Angtl- Charles le matne , hath : Gens omnis in tribtis ordintbw ^^f^'^ diuifa confislit. Sunt n. inter tllos qui Edhilingi (that u ^ZmGcn Eihel'm g\) fxnt qui ¥:'\\mg\fent qui Lizz\ illorum lingua in NobUes 3 Li- difuntur. Lit ina vero lingua funt Nob ties ■, Ingenuilesjitfy bem,Libertos, feruiles And , that Edgar fonne to Edward fonne of & Scrues di- Edmond Irenfide , the laft heire to the Crown of the | e ^^ a ^ d Saxon line (not mixt with the Norman) is in Hone- J^ am / r j^r den, Afarian, Florence, and others cal!d Clyto , Edgarus yifl.Ecclef.cap.$ C.lyto ; whom Henry of Huntingdon , UMatthew Paris, &AbbatVr- and fuch more (tile Edgar w Ethelmg , » or Adelmg ; fptrgenfem. where, by the way, note lohdores ignorance , titling i K /S" him Edgarus cognomento Ethelingiiu ; bis iurname being f,fli mis & ( vt no more £thelmg\ then the now Englands Darling v idetur)Duri- Charleshisis Prince; or indeed, then Polydore'swzs Ig- bu*fiueEoJl- norant. After the ConqueIt,no fpeciall tide more then ler^ un0Itur * Pyimogenitus films Regis was for the Prince, vntill the Canut H' Q *h name of PRINCE OF WALES came to him. '* Yet PoIydoreSpc&'wg of Henry the flrft his makinghis fonne fVJliam Duke of Normandie 3 zddes,hinc mosjerpfit, Vt Reqes deinceps E ilium tJWaicrem natu quern fibi fuc- cejforem optajfent, Nor manri\$prwcipatu don arent. But the time which interceded Henry the firft and KJvhn t vo- der whom Normandie was loft, will not iuftifie any fuch thing.as an honorarie Duty to the Englifh Heires.He afterward in Henry in. his xxxix.yeer, faies, that in VzdizmcnifEdrvardus Regis fihus (he, which was after- ward Edward i .) vt maturms ad res gerendas grauicres experiens redderetur fit WaLiac T?£inccips,fimulque Aqui~ tanU ac HybernU prafeciiu Vnde natum vt deinceps vnufcjuify Rex hoc fecutus infantum F ilium maior em na- tu Walhac Principem/kvrr* eenjueusrit. It is true that Wales with Gafcoigne, Ireland , and fome other Territo- ries in England, WLtc giuen to this Prince Edward,\p- pon his marriage with Eliancr, daughter to Alfonfo King of Spam* Yu the Principality of Wales was not A a in I 178 Titles of Honor. in that gift, Co fpcciall to this purpofc. For, after the k Arcbiu.-rf. other,it comes in the Patent in thefe words only , k Ynk Htn.$ % cum consjueftu noflro JVMlia. When this Edward was King, he made his fonne Edward ofCaernaruan, Prtnce ofW~ales(% more particular courfe in policie vfd ab^ut it,is in fom of our (tones , whither I referre you) and by that name and Earlc of Chesler fommond him to Parliament. But all thefe made nothing to inucft the Title perpetually in the Heirs apparant, although feme haue deliuerd otherwife. For, this Edward of Caernar- nan (afterward Edward 11.) fommond his eldcft fonne, Prince Edward, by the name of Earle of Che Her and Flint only. But when this Prince was King ( Edward 111.) he in Parliament fir It creats hi> fonne the Blacky Prince ,Dukc of Cornwall \& quod primogemtus fhus Re- gis Angltd qui font heredttabilis Regno A»gliannU confecjuentibusybt^^ Biatia,Illiturgifq; funt adiefta In the Sp*n\(h.'Pragmatkaof cid.d.lxxxvi. For Titles, it is ordcrd that the Infants and Infantas of Spain fhall only hauc the Title of Highnefe. And in the top of Letters to them fhall be only writcn and the beginning of the Ho. nerary Comitiua vnder Conltantine. Hts Counts of three Rankj. The Prefident of making a Count of the firsi ^tf^.Dukes and Counts of the firsl Ranl^made ecjttalL Comitiua Vacans ; and H o nor arie Titles with- ont gouernment or admimf ration giuen about the decli- ning Empire. XvyL$iom r* B&timo(* The Kings Friend. Xo/^Hf in the later Greel^ Empire. Comitiua Secundi Ordinis.f/tfw the name of Count wot both equall and vnder Duke. Dukes and Counts at will of their fu- preme ^anciently Jf a Duke then Should haue \i\ ♦Coun- ties vnder him. The beginning of this and other Titles to be Feudall/tt^ hereditarie in the Empire. The ce- remony of gifting Prouinces by deli tiering of tne or more Banners. The making of the Marquifat of Au- ftria,* Dukedom. The Archdukes name, his habit and Crown in ancient Charters Impenall. Magnus Dux Lithuania. Miy*< A»J hereditarily giuen by Conftan- tine Secondpart. 181 tine the great to the Prince of Athens ; vpon weak^ credit. Power giuen to the Dtike of Au(\tte( being made a King) to create a Duke of Carniola. 7 he difference of Dukes in the Empire, Who of them may weare a Crown, rv ho only a Cap. The beginning of this and that (equall) of Count , tn the French ftate. The Counts of Holland and Flanders. The Royalties of the ancient Dukes in France* Their Crown. The reuniting of thofe ancient Duke domes and equaH Counties ts the Crown. The later kind of French Dukes , farre inferior to the ancient . They beare their Crowns on their Armories only. Whence the Crowns of Dukes , Counts, and the like came in fa. Jbionin thefe Weft em farts. The Crowns of theStbn* (tocrator and Ca?far, Appenage. eW^* in a Char- ter of Edward i it* The Ceremenit of inuefting cur K, Iohn made Duke of JVcrmandie. When Dux came to be a fpeciall and diftincl Title in France. When y in England. The creation- of the Black Pr. Duke of Cornwall. A ring figrie of Principalitie giuen, and in Coronation of Kings. Inueftitures of Bifhops with Staffe, or Rod and Ring. When left off and remitted in the Empire , and with vs 9 Error in Matthew Paris and Matth. of Weftminftcr . 3ifhoprickes to be giuen by the Kings letters patents without Con- ge d'eflier , £7 atl of Parliament . Iohn of Gaunt made Duke of Lancaftcr; the ceremonie^ and in ma* king Tho. of Woodltock D. of Gloceftcr. The chef ceremonie at this day. Dux in the Saxon times v Duke 0/ Northumberland by that name then heredi- tarie. Dux then was properly their Eojile. Wergild, What, Thrymfa. The fir ft T>nke tn Scotland. First Dukes in Caftile. Due all Crcwns there. Titles to. be giuen to Dukes and their Grands, by the Prag* maticA. L'eyfcau's emr concerning Dukes of Eng-. A* $ land, 18 1 Titles of Honor * land ft^K or Duke in Mofcs dndin the common af* fertionof the Rabbins. N CHAP. II. Ext to the apparant f ccefTor in the European States , are the Titles of Ditk* and Arcbdvkj, <^Marque§e y County (which wc call Ear/e) Vuount, Vim dame. Baron and other more. Of whom in their Or- der. Two of them, DYKE and COVNT,D^ & Comes , haue their r/ames moil arltient, but differing much from what ilcy now are appli'd to. Thi/tp of Macedon . flailing Wafted the Iibertie of Greece , fee- ing that a mil crzt v/c of his vi6toiie was fitted for efUblilhment of his rights of Conqueft, ita vxtt (faith JuHm) vt viftorem nemo fenttret. *Scd nee Regem fe Cjracis , fed Dsecem appe/Uri ufjjit. The like did Sti- pij Africamts in Spame 9 when Edecon and tAndobal aTolybJiiflor. zo * faluted him King. Of wh' m alfo b Cicero : Qua*- b De Amicitii. taill^Dij immortales, fuit gramtas , quanta in Orotic- ne Matcftas\ vt facile Due cm P. R, non Com item c Orat.proCor- ^icerrs. And, in another c piacc : Si qui [unt ambus in- Itel.Balbo. £ r j ■ r 1 r r ^ r ■ j pmtum fit odium, m quos jimel jujeeptum ft, quos video ejfe nonnullos : cum Ducibus ipfis, ncn cum Ccmiratu ajfeitatcribufque confligs.nt. In the defarean Empire, Dux was next to Imperator, The play of Ducatpu & Imp en a , Jike to our fports fomrtimc vfd in ma- king a Prince with al! his officers and dign ties, was d Sutton. in fry ina ^ nimc a known in Rome ; which Trehellim 7 i e, ' ca i , -l'>' p Q jii ca ]| s fogere potcftatcs. And (JVartial c falutes e L&6.£fig.8j Dtmitian W\th fumme Ducum , and titles him [ummiu & 9 1 - Dux. In likefenfc Juvenal , Statiu4 i others vfe this great attribute, which, in the more ancient times, you fee p'ainly was much before Comes, as the verie nu- llification of the words fhew. Dux then properly was Secondpart. 183 was at firft the Generall of an Armie vndcr the Empe- ror. Afterward it became V'Ually applied to fuch as had the militarie car* of Frontiers. As in Scythict limit U i Dux, Orientals limitis Y> MX, Illyriciani limitis Dux & f vlVopifcM Thraci], Rbetict limitis Dax^Tranfrhenani limn ts Dux, Aurcliano. limitis LybkiDux,*nd the like. And SfarUan fayesof 8 TrebeU. Poll. tsEhtu PV/£f,that he was PannonijsT>Mx ac Tailor impo- p^^'-^ fitm. Their office it fclf was cald Bucatus. InanEpi- celfi.huc fane (tleofthe Emperor Tactttu to Probus, you read; Nosti- refenipotcft bidecrctototiiu OrientisDMCZlu falarium quintuplex feci- & quodde Lc- mus. And they had their Tmict Due tics known by f ™**** 1 U * , -rr 1 ru At- limitibus. pra> that n:me, as in Valerims lpcecn to Aurehan is re- f ue re fubanti- membred. And Ducianum k Indicium in later time is quiorissui vfd fbriudgment giuenby them. The precedent of their Impp.habct Corrmiffion,as one by particular we are inftru&ed, thus P*-Mft»f1- * (pake-— Ideoquevdidumte tnaenio ac viribus audien- , ^/"JJ* , /; • r . ^ rt . rr> ^ •/ , „ • deappellat.l.Ki. tes , p^r */6fj99 indictiomm y Ducatumtibi credtmus Retia- qvJndo.%%. rum : vt milites & in pace regas , e£* f#7# eis fines \ cafliodor.vau ncslros folcnni aUcritate circumeas. But in thofe times, 7«/°M» Comites were great men : fuch were in Comitatu Impera. toris, of whom Constant me the great in his diftin&ion of honours made fome of the firlt Rank, fome of the fecond, and fome of a third . Kowllar :ntur. So that a Count of the firft ranl^ feemes fome what before a Duk^e of a ?rouinc€\ yet both vndcr the fame generall note of Sps. r 184- Titles of Honor, SpeElabiles comprehending both Dukes, Counts of Pro- uinccs, and fome other. But thefe Counts being of the Speclabiles ( which were between the IUuftres and C/ar.'JJJwi) [mplo'id inmilitarie feruicc or ftate gouern- n c.deof.recj. ment abroad, had the nan.e of Comites n per prouincias t ■ Prou.UufiijiJi- & o qui fhb Comitiua: primi Ordinis digitate pecu- o°cJeCom.Rei. itAr * ter ^ quzmhbet prouinciam vel promnciai defenderu Mil.l.E6s.'i.& dasimilitecredtto, autorttate Imperatorij Nominis deft ma- Confulas,ad bantur. The GrAcixns call'd the Counts of the firft hancrem, Prank k&£^ts? 7« t/>MA37aV« B»fotT©-. But bowfoeuer the zdeC^i diffcrcncc ot *^. In the grant of the l Comitiua vacant 6-for.ii. (as they nam'd it:) Hocmulto praftanttus , adcjfe confpeftu ius regi]s& abejfe molcftifs, gratiam habere loci & vitart tC.vtD'.gmtat. fontumeli.im Atlionis. They which had it were J'acantes. Omnel* Secundo veniant Vac Antes (are the words of an Impe- u c.vtfenat.vel riall c conftitution) qui prtjentes in Comitatu iliuftris dig- elanjf.l.$.$.i. mtatis fingulum merutrknt. Whom Zeno « calls, qui fine ad^ Secondpdrt. 185 admmiftratione honorary* decor ati fuerint codicillU. And hence came that obuious name of £omes in the, decli- ning times of the Empire. Herminio Ko«^77,for Comiti t C y by which ho- norary attribute u Daniel is (tiled vnder the Babylonian u Apochryph, Monarchic not much differing in fubftance from the a "' c J? mI V Kings friend (ph& £&* : *> • « 9 * > * ^ > Leo in i&tlic. 7B Sf@" 7xy[/d.7@- t\Jit gcivSuatpnyii y*v& , or yu yjofyns ifx av u the leader of a whole Band. They vlual- GkftVett.lurit lyfince d« after Chrift. and fometimes 8 before, rcmem- & NouelU.17. berd thatof r Z)»^rby thename of a^Dux, and made %ifido.Velufiot. it their word cut of Z,atine; and the Covftantinopolitan l* 1 ' E V* vH" Empire had ir ^iyea &*% i. the great TJukefov a fpe- 5 A ciall t flfrce of ^reat|.lacc, vnder which thegouernment of theMar'i! e forces, was; as vnder the^a* Ao^r/*©-, thofe on land . But none better int rprets what a Coum beng implofd in gouernment was, then Sat da*. Ko/uw^faich he,7* a*« ettyjw i. Comes cr a Count ; #rf Goner- B b nor < \$6 Titles of Honor* nor of the People. And agreeing with him is Befychius sCaftodor.yar, much more ancient Therefore in the a grant of'aC*- 7*firm.i* mitiVA Proutxctx , the words are Scito pumendt remc- dixm datum tibi fro [date multorum. Arm* ifia juris [ant, n on fur or is. For he" had his militaric forces afvvell as a Duke, and with them k?pt his Prouinceinfubiedli- on, as the Duke. But whereas it was proper to the Duk<* to be chiefly Martiall, it feerres.ontheothcrfide, that the Counts government was chiefly legal] and in admimftrarionof iufticc, hauing his Annie for Defence and better execution; which was common to all that by this name had Prouinces. Not to them only which were of the fir ft Rank. For, a FromncUll Count, of t r- j j, the fecond, hadanArmie, and was alfo a Ciuill Iudge. f*rm.%6 Tne-prercdentor hisComm uiongoes b thus. Proptcrea, perili..m inditlioncm,in ilia CwitAte^ComittVA honor cm fe- cundi ordinis tibi\ propitia dtuimtate^ largimur : vt & dues cemmifios aquitate rega*, & public Arum Ordwatio- num iujfiones conftanter adimplea*. Such a one was much infeiiorto a Duke; and, as 1 ghefTe, the o'jigi- na'l of fuch as were, in fucccding ages, Counts vnder Dukes , was from thofeof the fecond Rank. For a Count, of the fiift was rather betteiyhen inferior t<> a c Leg. Zaiuuar. Duke. A very ancient c law thus fpeaks : Si tali* ho- cap.ijrt.S. m9 pot ens hoc fecerit qftem Hie Comes dif\ 1 ringer e ncu poteft, tunc dicet Duci fuo % dr Dux ilium diftrmgat fe- ci-.* ium legem. Hecr plauily the Count was vnder the Duke; yet had alio his Annie, For not long after in the fame la wcs. Comes tt-.men von ntgligat caslodire cxer m atum fuum y vt nun fact at contra lege?;? in promncia fua. and ludges in the lawes of the Westgoths are ordinarily caTd Comttcs (fiuitatum. So t M at the chief of thr ftatc goucrnment was in the Duke , but Icpall adminiftration of particular ii fticc in that inferior kind of Count, <1 Leg.Aleman. whichby that name was fomctimes alio conflicted by wp.4r&-i7- the Duke. In an ancient a law: ISlullns caufam audire fr obuious in the Epiftles of luo Bifhop of fhartres, who yet names our firft William Dux Nor- mannia, in his Chronicle. Infinit like examples are»And thefe kind of Counts had the fame office and digni- tie with Dukes,as it teems, and their gouernment might as wcllhaue thcname'of* Regnum^s a Dukes; which in ancient laws of Germanie is applied to them. The other kind being vnder Dukes,as Bifhops vnder their Mctropo- //'ta»; which compar.fon, one k that wrote vnder the Cs.ro- //»linc,long fincerememberd.This difference, I know,a- grecs notwith what diucrs haue writen;but 1 think it more eafily iuftifiablc then any other. But vntill the French Empire.they were rarely mote then meer perfonall, and as much or rather Official then Honorary,when the Go- uernment of a Prouince was annext to them. Neither did the Prouinces moke them otherwife thenPerfonal, For they were not annext to them as Feudally but gi- uen into their Rule at the Emperors or Kings will for a certain time,or at pleafure. Fox the Empire ; the frequent examples in Cajfiodore 9 wh\ch haue vfually per illaminditlio- nem make it manifeft;that is, that during the time of this Indication they (hould continue. For the Trench State; their prefident, a writen almoft cjo.yeers fince (hews ir, — Ergo dnm & fidem (as the words of it , are ) & vt ilit at em tnam videmur habere compertam^deo tibtatli- oncrn ConVitatus,Ducatus,Patritiatus in pago t/lo } ejuenu antecejfor tile turn vf Ducatum a %ege i$.&lib. 9 . expetijt , datis pro eo immenfts mumribpu t Et fie in vrbe cap.j. tsfrHernaiRuthena , atq^ Vcetica Dux ordtnatus eft. And the fame Writer. Ennodms cum Ducatum vrbtum Ttf- ronica atcfe Pitlaua miniftraret^adhuc & viei lulitnfis at- que Benarna vrb'mm ^Principatum accipit. Sed Imntibus Comitibus Turonka at^ Ptttaua vrbis ad Regem Chil. debertum % obtinuerunt ewn a [e remoucrt. Where cxprefle mention is of thofe inferior Counts fubieft to Dukes., and alfo that one Duke had vnder him two Counts, as,in the other example of Nketimjfoxzs. Which dif- proues their afTertions who tell vs of eucry Dukes right anciently to haue d confided in x i i .Counties vnder d v.Dowz.An* him.Tndeed its true that an c old Chronicle of France nalHoUand. faies that K.Pipin Grifonemmore Dttcum, xu, comitaii- Hbj.&'P. bus donauit ; which if it bee true ( as Hicrom Bignon PHf3 .Aduerf.i. well obferues) it muft be vnderftood of fome fpeciall C ^' A ' pp A\monu vfe vnder K. Pip'm only ; Other very ancient f autors Uk4.cap.eu ' leauing out the more Due um, telling vs that Griphoni in f AnnaL'mccr- fartibut NeuFirit xn.Comitatus .Orwhy may we « Aucoris erf/f. not think that moreT^ucum in that barbarous time might aPltb ' be to exprelTe,that Grifo fhould enioy the Counties as a. Duke lTiouId ? Som fiich thing is by an olds Monk g Kofort.Mo-- lpokcn of as amongft the Turks. Proumcia ffaith hee ) ^.Hi/2 H/e- eft qua vnum habet Aietropolitanum^ Duodecem Confu- ° i& ' " " 4 * les & vnum Regem^zx is,One Admirald^zs his word is, or One Amir. B it 1 think he there, as others here, were deceiud in his Number.Others talk of other num- ber of Couriries vrvder a Dukedom, but in vain & with- out ground. About this time of Pipm in whom the Carolm line had its o igina!l,this dignitie (with that of fount cquiualent to it)began to be tcudall for Jife,and B b 3 annext ipo Ittles of Honor. gdUfrnViUCM %4M annext to the Territorie giucafot which, the Duke or Count d:d his fea'tie or Homage to the Emperor or King. Obferue but thefe few examples of that age,rc- corded by fome then liuing; 7*^?/* was made Duke of h Mo^ch.m- Bauiere by Pipin. He afterward tradidit ^ JetpfitimDem- no Ilegi Carolo (that is Charles le maigne ) mam bus in maHibki Vaffaticttm, & reddidit et Ducatum/^ commifi fftm a Domno Pip mo Rege& confers eft fe omnibus pec- caffs & male egiffe. Et denuo ,renouans facramexta s dedit * *ormulaiii xu,eleflos obfides. Here plainly is jhe fealty [ or homage FiJdicausha- cxpre fl. an( ] mat } c by the Dukc.vhtill breach whereof, n.umdeRetnv tlie Te • or enberitance, is to be teferd here but to the French i* *//« Jf 1 \ and German hmpires. But their Feudall laws P com- Cotmtijs Lub- pild vnder Fredenque Barbara/fa, thus remember what Xini apudcty a Duke was. Qui a *Prwctpe de Dttcattt ahquo inufti. trxum Chrome, tus eft Dux.fi/tt0 more vocatH?. That Ducatus or Duke- SaxJib.ii.(uh dom was, as is before {hewd , the gouernment of a a^-.v^/sf Prouinccnext vnder imperiall Power. Thofe Prouinccs Mmiri* -Pr.i£ were giuen by deliueri ;ig of one or mrsre Banners^vA cipibus Po- in like form were rengnd./ ? /-u/;i>;r,v.(raiih one that liu I mcraiiiaeioi q vnder Barb arc (fa) per vexiJiumi Principe tradunturvel r . cnm rtttt 5 ra " c l n- r , : r, i , r *iiris,ment:o rccipunnturSo was the rueftuuie ot the Dukedom ot e ft^ud TSoruffia or Prujfia to Albert ^y Sigifmnnd K.of Poland Crmi\.Wan- per [ Vexilh traditionem , when the Maxqucfles of 0- t d*ii*s6j*pA4A Uclz*- i jj i Titles of Honor * nolz.bach and Brattdeburg , Frederique and Ioachim } 2t the fame -time laid chime to the Honor , and were admitted in folcmnive ad ccntatlum extremitatum Vcxilli eiufdem. And in the Concord at Ratijbon touching the Dukedome of Hamere, vnder Frederique Barba- reffa t thus you read. Htmicm maior natu (that was Henry Duke of Hauler e the Emperors \ac\c)Ducatum Baioarw, per v I i. Vex ilia rejlgnamt , quibus 2\4i* non (that was Henrie Duke of Saxonie the Emperors Nephew) traditis , *//*• duobus Vexillis M^rchiam O- nentaUm (vnderftand that which is now tsiuftria) cum Comitatibus ad earn ex Antiquo perttncntibus reddidit . Exinde de eadem Marchia , cum prtditlis Comitattbus y quos tres dicunt^iudicw Principum^ Duca- turn fecit, ev.mque non folum febi fed & vxon cum duobus Vexillis tradidit; that is, to Henry, Duke of Cautery his vnclc , to whom the words of the Charter c Htnr'ic.StcYO c were : Wlidiz,lao illuHri Duce Boemia. fentcntiam pro- in Anna}.K*c\z* rnuloante, & omnibus Vrincipibm approbantibtts, Mar- civj.Ft in Au- c h iarn ^ustridt. in Ducatum commutauimus , & eundem ilnzCitfpiniani. ,— r A n tt 1 Ducatum, cum omni ture^pr&jato putruo tiojtro Henrico & pruenobiliffimtf vxori fu e tru* de yi- fact as immediate tibi & pro te nobis & fuccejforibus no* ncisU.Epifl.16 ftris & Imperlo reffronjwum. But I fee no difference twixtfuch a thing and a Duke, but in name. Lithuania, or Leitow is calld Magnus Ducatus , and the Duke of it, that is, the King of Poland, Magnm Dux Lithuania , becaufeinic alfo arcdiuers otherDukcdon/icsJby that C c name 1 ip4 Titles of Honor* name "defcrib'd by fuch as haue been in that (tate. Others therein like are by it , as Trujfta , Liuonia. What rights royall and euen maieftiquc Supremacie feme Dukedomes haue of the Empire, is beft learned l^.qux Andreas 1 out of Ciuilians, and fuch as haue handled them in Kjiichcnm Politique difcourfes. I meanethofe of Lorrame , Sa- xomt.'cJp.i. H0 h Lilian, Florence, Saxonie, and fuch more:wher- verbJ>ucJSax. °f although fomc are challenged by the See of T^wr, collegitad Yetlmay call them all Imperial. For , out of the hancrcm. Efi'pire, their Originall was. Touching them I adde 7crtmw* g ' ° nIy whaca moftmlcarncdCiu,lian * of ^^"mc, deli- f'* 2 ' uers : Aliqui, (faith hee,) Rcgali potcflate decorati fmt vt Mediolanenfis & PannonnU fuperioris, quam Auflriam 'vacant j ttemque Burgundus. Atcj 3 ideo gentilitijs infgni- , . bus Coronam ferre im illis eft* Aliqui non funt^ vt qms (it Teems) for R° m - Potttifices inVmbria > Piceno , alijjque ltafid locis a C ap.v.de Kir- quan deque conslituerunt. Hij y cum Pont fici deferre teneantur, roMeiirf. Critic, nee folutilegihmjint^non Cor on am fed » Birrum oflentant, txccuiui.Ub.^. yh c p rcncn commoly affirme a that this or other Dig* %Lr JT nitie became not othervvife then at vv.ll of the King a Eodin.de He #.' mongft them till vnder the third, that is, the Capetan !ib.$.cap.$.ali/. line which began about nccccxc. of Chrift. But I cannot afifent to them, if they denie any to be before in feudall right of ccrtainc Eftatc. For the firft, that is, the Mtrcuingian line; Cjregarie of Tours hath exam- ples, enough to luftific their Opinion. But, for the Caro» //»;Was not thcDuchie of Normandie giucn inFce to 'Kolij by Charles the jlmple abont dcccc. Whence the fuccecding Dukes dcriu'd themfelucs } And the Charter of Charles the Hald, which crca'ed (as the common opinion is) Thierry or Thcodorique firft Count or Earle ©f Holland (being then as good a title as b Anhiu. Mo- Duke) thus b fpeakes : lubcmm vt ficut reliquis pofftjfio- naft.Egmuttd. ffibtu qtiibtu lure hereditaria videtur vti, it a & his noftri npud/7».D^j M mer j s lay git at er el Hi impenfis valeat fecure omnitempo- r, re viU fua frui ifft & omnis eim pofleritas, ■ Dat Secondpart. ip? a.d.dccclxiii.xvii. Kal. Julias. And although the date in the tranfeript be corrupted, as the noble Hans Douz, thinks, and that it (hould bee dccccxiii. yet it Co (ball be refer 'd to fharles the Simple , and to the fe- cond line of their Kings. The Creation hkewife of T$ aid- win firift Earlcor Count of Flanders (ihc name of Count in him being as great as Duke) is refer'd to CW/ AVjQ- Ui" $dvern i. In a pnblicjue StJJicn hee commanded that they footdd be crowned^both the Sebsftocraror and the Csefar, with Crowns differing much in xvcrth from that which he himself was crown d wit hall. The Sebaslccrator*s perhaps was then , as the Delfts afterward. Of that in the firft charter of this book. And the Cafar > sz% the Seba* ftocratcrs in later time. Obferue but the fucceflion of one of thefe titles into a. others place (whereof alrea- dy) aud you may agree to the Conicdture. The Seba- ftocratcrs appears in Jir Emperor b Cantacuz,ens inue- Curopalat. fline his wiues brothers CManuel and John with that f?!!** flfc Dignity, and g'.uing them Crowns V^cvta^s my autor faies ) iuictv Au-r7v tgiogg&p av£ (Aa» ^ yaylw KafxJ^v .i. hauhg before only one Arch, And it will not be ab'urd to think tbat in imitation of thofe Eaftern Princes ,. the cufto.r of bearing Crowns.by fuch as were inuc- fted in fo great Honors,camc into thefe E?ftern parts. What comn.un'uie then was twixt the Eaftem & We- ftern States, cuery man knows that hath read the Ho. ly wanes of that age. Som of the French deiiue their C c 3 word ip8 Titles of Honor. Sacred. Vu HAillun Hurt 3, 6, Annalln- cert.Aut.///£. ,4.876. Edic.a Pith co. e Corona cin- ftuslJcEl- tbam Comes Cornub:* F. Edvv.11. VVcftmona- ftenjScpul- tus. word Appenage frotn c XUtvlyup cxpreflmg in the Ea- llen. Empire, ihc f-cfed habitude twixc the S^utrai^ne and Su^rainc. Why might nor imitation of their ha- bits bee, as v\ell as oft: cir language ? Its more anci- ciently noted of Charles the ^Jjald,K.of France y thzt lie too much imitated the (fonFlantmopolitan Empero r , and how that age,about Alexius his time , generally afte- cSted Hellemfme and fuch word* of Greek as they could get them.is apparant in theMonkifh ftories then wri- teti , in ancjent Charters and other examples infinite And afterward in the Charter of the Black Prince his creation into Dukj of Cornwall ,vndcr Our Edward in, a mecr Greek word is inferted by the characters oitn* timos (mifprinted in the Princes cafejiointimos ) which is plainly e\v^v{ .i. honorific); or fuch like, and could not but ridiculoufiy bee vid now for LatirTe. Neither can their Crowns anciently bee fo much #iputed to their then pofleft Soucr^inty. For then , why did our c Earlcs (before any Dukes made in England ) weare any fuch Crowns,and mecrly fuch as are now Ducal? They were not Soueraigns , more then their pofterity at this day. Or why had both our Dukes,Marquefles, and Earls afterward Crowns to their Creation, and as ornaments filing their heads , not imaginarie only or formal vprn their Armories ? But for an example of fhe ceremonic belonging to thofe ancient Dukes in FrAncejzkc this of our King lohn t Dukc of Normandie % Accinclus efi (as Roger of Houedens words are ) gladio Ducat us Normannia? in matrici ecc/e/ia(\\c means at Ro~ fien) per m.wum Walteri Rothomagcnfis Archieptfcopi y & trddtlltis Archicpifcopus pofuit in Capite Ducts Circulum aureum hahentemjn fummitate per circuttum^Rofiu aurc" a,s: which t Af at thew /V/^andthe Annals of Ireland call rofidas aureas art ificialiter fabric at as. When it firft bc- gan,in France to bee a fpeaall and diftincl title from Count f\% diuafly affirmd. But they moll truly dcliucr, that Seccndpdrt. ipp that fuppofe it firft proper to the Dukes of Bretagne. To John the fccond , Goiiernor of that Territorie , the Charter of Philip U Beau^dztcd in cio, ce. xcvn. thus grants : f Decern ipfum qui Comes fait diquando f Fxftraiftdu noslris vocatus in Uteris J5'ucQ\ri fore, & Terram Bfttan- lctt.de Pairrie nU Ducatum exifterejpfumfa Due em in poftermt deberi ^| lez Berttand vocari autoritate reria ex Cert a fcientia declaramus & ^g^trebifl. r . * r — ,. ,, j rr de Bret, lime 4. tenore prrejl.liurc 4. Dux and Comes'Britannia.of whofe equiualencie in an* chap.^. cient time,alreadie. Yet fo that the Title was diftin£t- \y affected by them before this time. Witncffe their Monuments deliuerd in Bertrand d'Argentre^nd fpeci- ally the title of our old Earls of Ttychmond, b:\ng alfo Dukes there. For in a Charter (which I haue) of Gef-. frej Plantageneft >(oxme to Henry it. becing pofleft of both thofe Territories, made-to one Richard rhe i'onnz of Reiner and his heirs, of Tronagium & Pefagium de Nundtnis meis Santli Botulphi.cjr quicqutd ad Tronagium & Pefagium pertinetj.be beginning hfi.T^gis H Filiw, Dux r Britanni&& Comes Richmundis. ,wherc, it appears. he vfed Dux as different and better then Comes. In Eng- land vntill Edward 1 11. from the Norman conqueft(of the Saxon times.prefently ) the greater^ Title , next to the Prince.was Count y C 'omes ,now calld Earle. But Ed- ward in. created his fonue and heir Edward the Blacky Prw^ 3 Duke of Cornwall \per 8 Sertum in capitc^^nntt. S II - £fl, -3« lum in Digito t & virgam argent e am ^b\cb afterward was vfd of gold. T^ichard the ii.inuefted Thomas Earle of Notingbam with the Dukedom of Norfolk^ 1 * per appofi. h P**««Jte*v ttonem capp£ fuo Capiti & traditionem virg* aurea. The \^ ^n Sertum was nothing but the Ducal Crown, as at this day,I think, Eteuronee. For that of the Ring .• it is fa- miliar in moft ancient ftory, that the dcliueryof a Ring Was a figne of Principalitie giuen ; as in Pharaohs gl- uing a Ring to Jofeph; in that of Abafwerujh ox Xerxes % wh\ch made fome [ think him the truly defigned fucceflbr. And, when the two Mahume* dans y Alem or Alt,znd Aiuhauiat^ vpen controucrfie for the Dominion of Syriajwzit contented to fubmit them- (elucs to the judgment of the old men ; that Co the arbitrators might haue a fufficient power iudicialljthcy dcliuerd to them their Rings M?la (faith my k autor) Xny.etor rit *tyjit 'fV AyapLuMv j.nhicb is a flgne of Prin- cipihtie tmmg the Hagarens* And Leaves lurnarnd the Grojfe y o( France y T 'ilium fuum Ludouicttm annnU muefttuit^ in part of his Kingdom,as one 1 that writs his life re- members. How a Ring, ; n the Coronations of Kings,is vfed,the diuers and publifht orders of them (hew, Fac nobis reddi (foronam y Annulum & purpuram, Caterdfy ad lnueftituram hnperialem pertinentia % are the m words of thoie Bifliops which came to the Emperor Henry v.to depofe him. Of the Ring, we fhall haue more occafi- on to fpeak anon in another n place. Both Rod and Ring were \£d anciently in Imperiall and Royall inuc- (litures of Bifhopriqucs , which were pre portionat to Counties or Dukedoms, and therefore may be oppor- tunely here remembcrd.The great controucrfies about it twixt that Henry v. and Pope Pafchal the 11. and at length the fame Emperors remitting his right to Ca* lixtus it. are eafi'y known out of the (lories ef thofc times. The cuftom of the ° Conslantmopolitan Empire was (as for $bc Staff?) alike. And in this 1(1.:, *? mn/tis annts retroallis (faith Jugulph Abbot of Crowland t he liud at the Norman Ccnquelt. ) nulla eleclw pralatornm trat were libera & Canomca,fed Omnes Dignitates tc.m T porum quam Abb at am per Annulum & Baculum , Regis Curia pro fua complaccntui conferebat .The rod or *Pa/{o» talis baculus as they calld it, was vfually kept in the Bifhopriquc or Monartcrie , and at euery new inucfti- turc deliuerd by the King or other Patron (as the cafe was) Second part. Tpi was) to the new elc&. For, the P Elc&ion was in the p it a. Malmesb. Clcrgic,but the confirmation by thismeans,with (taffe dcGcft.Pcntt- or rod or Ring. And therefore, when K. Edgar moft "^ in j.' r liberally gaue new pnuiledges to Glaftenbury , yet fib i f arnc niibu$ fuifcL htredtbus tribuendi fratri EleZho paftoralem BacH- &lib.i.slegeft. lumpotefiatem retmuit. Afccrward,H>w7> i. about that Keg.cap.%.cx fame time when Pope Pafchal fo much oppofd it in Archiu.Gfaf- the Empire , ( ^Anfelm Archbifhop of Canterbury being a fpeciall age; t herein for the See of Rome) in- ueftituram Annul* & Bacul* indulfit in perpetuvm ; re- tento tamen ( fo faics the Monk of Malmesb urie ) E- „ leElionis & Regalium priuilegio. And 4 Concejfit Papa t vt j]/fc.fj!i.de "' 'Rex homagta ds el Mis acaperetjed nullum per Baculum hacre&Tur- & annulurn inuefttret.In report whereof all our Stories baMonacho* confcnt.Which makes me fufpe& this relation in Mat. IU ^« then Paris. A.D.ciOiC.xiix* %ex Henricus dedit Ar- ch iepif coy at um Cantuarienfcm Rodulpho Londoriunfi Epif- copo,& ilium per Annulurn & Paftoralem Baculum inue- fttuit. This Rodulpb or Ralph was fucceffor to Anfelm % but was not Bifhop oi London 3 but of Rochester. Nei- r Harefisde ther do the more ancient Stories of Florence, Houeden % imefiitura^co Huntingdon y Malmesbury ,and the likejpeak of this kind aeuo nonnulJis of inudtiture to him. CMatthcw of ' JVeftminfter follows d }^' G T f'f- i j c n • i i l i • !_••/-• i Abbas Vmdoci- the words ot Parts ; only he hath in him, misprinted nenf.opufcuK Richardo for Rodulpho. But, after that remiiTion by the traft.xM.An* King, its not likely he would fo foon vfe the ceremo"- felm.EpiJi.n. nie about which to much difference and controuerfie & Il{one m Car- had been. Neither would the See ot Rome haue bin ^fffi'^fo fo filent vpon fuch a r fa&,as,at that time fpecially, it ^.». qiiodrc- fo much impugned. But long after when England dif- fcidit Parlia- charged it felf of that Romijh yoakc,this liberty of col- mcntumi. lation and inueftiture (but not with thefe ceremonies ) Mv.Setf.z .cap. was refnmd to the Crown by ad of Parliament/ con- ^ d J tiam n- i_ -i ^ J ,,««. i -~ . I caput Marine ttituting that without any Conge d bJUer the King might itSxizParliaw. beftow Archbifhopriques and Bifhopriques by his let- i.iacob.Scf.u ters Patents, which fhouid bee to dl intents and purpo- c*p.%f. D d Jes, 2 oJrz Titles of Honor * fes as though Conge £ e flier had been giuen , the ele- ction duely made and the fame confirmed. This was vnder Edward vi. and repealed by Q^Lfyfarie y whofe act, of Rcpeale ftands now alfo repealed. But this out of the way. Howthofe Ceremonies , belong to Bifliops now, especially of the Roman Church^youmay a VuYMt.de Rl- ^ e ^ * carn ^ rom a Writers whofe direct purpofc is of tibJZccbfXcap. things of that matter. Yet fome creations of the time f.aly. of Edward in. haue nothing of the Rod. When hhn of Gaunt was made Duke of Lancafier in Parliament, b Rot°al.\6. the King cein cla (zs the b Rollfpcak^) fen dit filz, Io- hd.yrntmbr^* ban d'unEsfeie&miftfur fit eefte vn Cappe furrt & di- fus vn Cercle d % or de peres & luy nofma & fifi Due de Lancafire. Here is the Cap the Crown , the Sword; cParl. 9 .R : cb.i. but no Rod. Vnder Rihard n. c Thomas Duke of Glo~ mcmb.^art.i^ cesler is inucfted in Parliament per Gladi) cintluram & Pilei dr circuit 4-irei impofitionem and a Charter dc- liuered him; and diucrs others like occurre in the Rols* But the Charters of Creation of them of later times are Ncmen ejrc, & 'Dignitatem Ducts N. damns & concedimm atque per Gladij cintluram^ CappA & Circuit aurei impofitionem in Capite, & Traditioncm virgitcr the Bifhops Abbots and Abb ffes, (but the precedence is not alwayesobferud) thus: Eqo Orgarut Dux confiittd >£i. Ego Adwnius Dux conHMliuu * Ego Oflacus Dux affui , , Ego Alfcrm Dux Second part. *> \c$ T)vxinterfui %, Ego Elphegus Dux audit** %. and ac- cording to this are a multitude of Charters of thofe times; fome of them hauing alfo their Prouinces annext to their names, as in another of the fameyeare and King: Ego Ordgarus Dux Doneuonia confignaui Hf, Ego a Elfegus Southarntonienfis Dux confenft >K and a ^L.Elfeiu* writer that liu'd b in tho'e times tells of one Hun Dux b EthefoerdMh tProtiincU Sumorfetum, flair, c in abatte'l twixt Egbert i^ap.z.&v.^ K. ofmftfxonie, and Beornulph K, oi Mercian d, and undem //$.**«. buried at Winchester. This was proper to rhem which V. . n B*™ nextvnder Supremacie Koyall , had the gouernment of Cofa\& Dux Prouinces. You may fee it fpecially in the Example quldeGerma- of the Northumberland Dukes beginning in Otha brc- nia fuerat gentk ther to Hengifl, They, although very great in power, An £ Qrm * yet for almoit a hundred yeares would not affume the name of King but D^.Of them, this WdL of MalmeC* burie. Annus vno minus Centum Northanimibri Duces communi habitu Contenti, fub Imperto Cantunritarumpr/- vatt agebant ; fed non poslea fletit h&c ambitionis con* tmentia y feu quia femper in deteriora decliui est hu- manm animus feu quod gens -ilia n atur 'Miter in 'flat tores an~ helat fpiritus. Anno itaqae Dominica: Incarnations D lxv 1 1 . post mortem Hengiftt lx, Ducatus in Regnum es~r muta-i tus, regnauitque ibi primus Ida, hauddubie Nobilijfmus, At ate & vinbas integer ; verum vtrum ipfi pro fe Princt- fatum invaferit , an alicrum confenfu delatum fufceperit farum definio , quia v:ritas est in abditc. Yet in the Latine (lories ycu cannot make fufficient diftin&ion twixt their Dux and Comes and Conful and c Eatri- cy.Ahmn.Z- «#/ all which, 1 do be not, are fomctime \(d for the ft?-*-&Jjw- fame Dignitie or Ofnce : But I am refolu'd that the ^ Lthd ™' JJuKes, or cniefelt Princes were in the Saxon idiom Saxonicam known by the name of Eojll.cf , which is our very conferipfo hi- word Earler. Their Archbiprps and Earlcs were in ftoriajn. the fame unk of worth ; t v cir Bifhops and EaLorji- mannej" (Aldermen) in another. Teftimcnjc , beyond Dd 2 ex. 204: Titles of Honor. 'Leg.dtbtljlatu Ciccftion,, proues it. In the Lawcs of * thofe times c^.Bep*Jlum. , Lf/i *e^E , jiceb , jrceoJ>^ T Ejilej- p^Jigiib andEarles . H xv. M.Sji'mp. Wergild;* BircccbsTEaloonmanncr viu.M. ijooo. 'rbym- > i > > i Aldcrmens. So Archbijbops una Ethehngs (or this word, before in 8000. the fit ft Chapter) arc in another b law of that age ioin'd, b c ^ nUi h *b* dti0S Tramffs (i. mcMii.Jnditl- Thrymfcs) qui eft Bos annicaUn xii. menfium^ vet Outs zumv.*ipudBit- cum aqno % Alter folidus tres femijfes (I read tres tremif- thanarr.de reb. fes)id eft Tos xvi. menftum, (jMAiori fohdo alt& com- Scot/cJu.7.& t, q fit ir ties, Minor 1 hdtnicidU componuutur. This fVerac/d cle Cro Scozo- .,, / # • c ■ u ■ 1 c / 1 • rumvidefis or Wengeld is often met w.tn in the Sdlique laws, Reg.Maie(lat.4. thofe of ChiLlebert z\u\Clothar of me T^puurians, and Cap.%4.&i6.& fuch more. And in e laws pitblifht vndcr Dauid 1. of 40. Scotland \ ( De vnoquoqua fur e per totam Scotiam eft Wir- Scxt ' ° m ~ . the name of M ARC}VE S S E to be deriud.For fuch as weie confhtuted GouernorsofPro- uinccsbordering on fom other State or the Sea(\\hence alfo eah r inuaiions might bee feared ) had the name cf a puces Limitanci or Limitum in Latin, and, from a Cj'ndeVe- the old Djrch or French, in later time, Marcgraues^ or ndt ^^ Ar ^ Marquees. For in that tongue,as at this day 4 Borders, JJ^Sjrtt FiOruiers,limits,or bounds werecalld Marques or Mar- edit.aP'nb. ches. ^uotiens(Cmh my b autor ) de Commarchanif con- tit.ig. ttntio nafcitur &c. i. as often as eontroiierfie rifes touch- b Boiar. leg.tit. thing '^Boundaries. And, in the French Annais,one fpea- dcT Q cr ^- Ru P t - king of C;.rhm;.n : Expidit Duces qui b Hi cufiodia com- c '^nrnim Cub mtjfa gr*t tannontfi limit U & Cartani 3 atq 3S per fttos* annotoi/ Mar earn prdinauiK Hence the ancient Marque fie of////- d Ditmar.Cbro- ftria, is calid d M^rcha inter Vngarios & B. .varies. So ™.lbi. Ncrm.mdie was"* Marms Remind:: t U/dar- IffR 1 *?^" ana. Fne rea:e»Q ot tne name any man knows ,,th3C crafsi, B c kuows 210 Titles of Honor. knows how it lies. In the Tefhment of Charles the Great, Marcx. is vfd for Frontiers , ai d in writings of thofe times Marca HJpinica, M^rca Britannica , and e Adrtuald. fuch like inflnit occurre. And c Marchtfi Britannici li- Floriac.de Mi- mitts, CMarchifer in French being at this day to Bor- rs c.S.Ben. cap. jer or adiojne to. Hence the names of *D ] anmarch , and V'Alciat dcSin- ( as ^ om ^ aue tnou g n our Mercta or Mercland in the inl.certam.cap. Saxon Heptarchie ; and the iawes of (JWarejue, or Re- 31. prifitles. Some great men haue f deriud it from Mare g Ms^x* P*»- or /T/*>r i.a J/or/* ; as if it fhould be in Latin Ma* Jamat pbocic. pft sr equitum or a Generall ouer the Genfdamerie of h «$W JrVlir ot femont & pris, Fauthetenl' Et fcs freres Deifibus, Origin dei Dig. Etfitrcnt bien deux mil & pita. mtA&ii. And thinks thac the autor would not abfurdly by Mar- chis mean fuch as are mongftvs feudatarieMarqucffcs; but that he vfd it for Horf men ; which in later tinac was applied to this Dignitie. Surely there was no nc- ceflitie that hee fhould vie the name for the one or the other,but generally for a Souldier, becauie indeed the old Marqueffes had in their Prouinces Martiallgo- uemment. Or jf hee did vfe it- for Horfemen, as per- haps hee might, what confequence is there that thence this Honorary title fliould haue its deduction. But how- focuer , he knows nothing of the old Monkifli Rimes and RomantSjthat knows not how vfuslly they abufd words of TitleSjDignkies, and ftate of their own age, by application of them to Countries and Times where and when they were not. What doth Dan Lidgat the Monk of Bury mean, when in the deftru&ion of The- bes,he faies that King Adrattns kite a Pai lement, 0nD foati) %\b letters ano meffer qctb fent ZLtyQugb <&izm toman? funowftings, l^crn to enfcaff and make no letttngs, 0a& round about ,as ms&e is mention, Ikee fent alfo to man? a Uegion i^O? l^;tncej5.Dukes,Earles,anO Barons ? It muft, in charitie,be thought that none of his Rea* dcr> are fo blockifh as to belceu that the Titles of DukeSyEarles^nd "Btrens^zxz in Greece. Much 3 ofthaC nature,is in Robert of G/ocetter ,Chaucer y Gower, 2nd, e\C- Ee 2 where, i\% Titles of Honor 1 c o-i fit Vend. wh?re,in Lidgat. The ] Imperiall Laws thus : guide lib.z.iu.^nn Alan hi a inueftitas eft March lo dicitur. Dicitur ant em r.&Mar* Marchia, quia Mircha &>vt plunmum'iuxta Mare fit po~ cmmi di ctfnrur r _ ' . . , , , r r > _ . , ' / TctiodcVmm J lta - Its certain ludced that many of the Imperial Mar- tib.i.Epifi.if, quifats are in a maritime coall } yet plainly had their names from being Land-inarches of the State.and not from their maritime foliation. For although the Mar- ia AnconitanaTarui^ana.^ F error a , in Italy, 2% alfo the Marqiifat of the holy Empire in Brabant t x\\z Marcba Nermann ica t znd 'Britannica in France ,are maritime, yet Mifnia and Lufatia i Brandeburg^Ai3rama i ts4us~iria i Sufa in Sauoy y %\\ vnder the name of Marquifats , and then inftituted when the Title had a reall deduction from the Piouinces.are inland Countries. When Charles the great had a defigne of War-re againft the S axons t he fent for a'l his forces in Guisnne,and commanded them thence, va Adhderr-at.w m re ^ 1 ^ tantum Marchionibus qui fines Regni tcnentes, vitaLudouic. omnes.Ji forte in^rnerent he ftium arcerent inatrftts . Plain - Vij. ly the defending of the Marches interprets their name. w/ ,. Another very n ancicnt,of the Emperor Henry i. (hee Cbr0n.Sl*uor.i. T2 *tpd in dccccxx. of Chrift) that after his victories cap A. agai ft Worm King of DAnmarch,\\e apud Slefwich,^//* nunc ° Heidebo dicitur jrcgni terminos ponens ibi& Mar- °j C r\°^ chionem flatuit & Saxo;.um Colomam habitare prtcepit Ethtlvwd lib. And Maiores r.cstn ( iaith P Aucntin) vnuntqHodg 3 reg- i.pag.47*.& num quo citertora eiw tutiora forent tux t a Car dines Cosli y Ma'mesb.de i n hmites^qnibus prafecios jcum pr&fidijf Afihtum, Equitum gefl.Rcg.x.cap.z i m p f H g re ^limferunt \ ilhs Marchas , hos Marchigraf hos mrtbefocU' a ?^ e ^ ant » The 1 tcr Grecians , from the Italian Atar- brariofumin- cheje^czW it M*fitW/©-.The Lady Anna Comnena names curii) dicitur. Tancred Mufwosi 7#yyji- where the very Italian is. And p AnnalEowr. onc qofthcm,I know not why,faies it (Ignifies & tuc >/** r sp'jt\\ju0.(JI o tIjj IW/aixhp y&Tt'vav 'Zvua.fficLv A. The Kiwjs Creg.bitor.7. Standardbearer. They might vvell bec deceiud in this Wcftcrn name,as in others they vfually are. The anci- cntcft tcflimonie, which I haue obferud of the namejs about Second part. 213 about Chtrles the Great. In his <* Conflitution De legU & A^ColdaU. Imperii TraMpim Cede tenenda , arc reckond T>uces^& Conpt. Imp. Marckiones- and in other writings of that age.Tfi*re- ^^caid. fore is he much decerd that * faies the firft mention Magmcafj. of Marehto, is in that oi Henry i. Emperor, at £/ux Sorabici limi- If^ne^it tis, menfe Augutto dtfunUtu e$~l. Comes, & Dux limitis, ± p K hao. fab euery man may fee, included, Duke Count, zn&Mar- anno 873. queffe. Diuers fuch teftimonKS you fhall meet with. But when other titles in the Cjermm Empire vnder 0- tho 1, were by feudall right made hereditary and Ho- noraiie, this alfo among them, had the fame Change, being before , with them , for life. And the Feu- dall Marquifats of Lufatia, Brandeburg, Brabant (that they calld Of the holy Empire) were> about that time, created.In their Language they n me them $>arfcgrai!£;3, , , , - s* . t c u r • i z In Amaf.Vo- l.Qomites Lirmtanei, or gouerno s or the rr ntiersand & - £ , thence thdr Monks made their Latine Marggrauins. cni.fub yumo Obyt (faith g on-;) Marggrsuius de Mffini fpeaking i^i. E e 3 of 2F4- Titles of Honor ^ of Vrederique Ma r quefle of Mifni*. The folemnity of Creating them (as of Dukjs)\n the Empire anciently was by dehuery of one or more Banners, as, in the example of Auslria, is remembred, where we fpeak of Dukes. When this Title became fidt diflin& in Fr.wce, I know nor. But there alfo the Count of Hurgundj is h Frodoard. anciently h calld Marchw 11 urgundu; and RtckardDAc chrome. fib An. of Normandic (tvvixt whom and our King Ethc'lred 9 11 * Pope lohn xv. defired to make a peacefull compositi- on, &fent Leo Archbifhopcf Triers into England with lEpl ?' 7 t?' ^ ectcrs of credence) in the » lame letters is only titled fhoraair T Rlch * rdmM * rchl0 ^ ™ old k Charter; qodcfiidtu De> apud Malmcf- -Miferatione Dux e^Marchio Litharwgt& % Cumcs Louantj, bur. de pcft. &c. An ancient Autor 1 of that Country, fays the Mar- Kcgum/.i.c.io quelTe, .£# inuesly auec vn Anne ah de Ruby. But the Vutf.Liun. Rmg is now turnd inro a Crown or Coronet, which \\ Ca t l ' An ' «hey call mi flee, trnxt, that is, part Fleurone'e, and part 1 Antbome dt p er ^ ee , becauie the Marquefle is as it were, participa- nt Sallechcz ting of both, twixt Duke and Count. Yet they haue Uoyfeau des by a diftindtion giuen prefedence to fome ancient fi'g.cap.s. Counts before fome ancient Marqueffes: as to Counts of whole Prouinces, before Marquefles of only Frontier Towns, and, to thofe MarqueiTes, before other Counts or Gouernours of Towns 5 Nay, and fomehaue difpu- ted and deliucrd that the Title of Count there general- ly is before Marcjutffe , and indeed the MarqueiTe of m Pr&iJ]art. lullurs » was (is for addition of honor) made Count > z>olum.\.fi'Mll. by the Emperor Lewes of Bauiere. Yet a late Autor, a 4- Charles Uoyfeau is confident, that (in regard all the ancient Duchies and Counties, which were entire Pro- uinces are reunited to the Crown, 3nd that thofe of later time are but of fuch pares as it hath pleafd the King to giue, and vnder fuch limitations) the name of Mar- quefle there is geneally before Count. Butfor this and the like, remember that of the famous and learned jilciat: Cum m Boijs (faith he) & Ltguribut p/ertque fittt Secondpart. 115 put Marchionis fine Baronis titultttn fibi arret antes, vita genere moribufq^ ab AgreTtibvu farum different es } ffcs fro Iffttobtlibtts habendos exis~iimauerim, fed ommno hac in re multttm confetti dim tribtiendttm, quP is cx ~ Vxorcsffr A4atres HcslnrHmMsichiO(\um,quacfin% ccca- Jicne patrizm feruent incclumtm, & lab. Of thefc Marchers^ mention is in the Statute of Prerogatiue: Exceftis Veldts C omit urn & Barcxumde Marchia, i\6 Titles of Honor. M&xchilyde terrk in Marchia vbi brcuia Domini T{egis qTbrlUgm non currunt. They were exprefly caMd Marchionis <\W.d- pjg-St1'&l7*. i ld alfo, and whereas in CMatthcw Paris\\\s dcfcription v « mju r,\, of t^€ Coronation of Q-Elianor, wife to Hemy the 8cv.CMfuftn.in XU. it is reported, that the Barons or the Cinque forts Salopiay&M&r- carried the Canooie ouer the King, as their ancient chionss it right is, quod tamcn tunc fcrupuh cent entUnis f enii 'xs non C j']''fw- Hef7 '>' carcbat, as he writes ; the oppofirion againlt them was frw RiQjMM by foure Lords Marchers > lohn F it z.- Alan , Ralph of fubAnn.yo*. Mortimer, John of Monmouth , and Walter of Clifford Hen.$. (then caiid Murchiones JV.iUU) challenging that hono- rary office,/^?* ins MarchU, fed quodarmnodo (faith the red book ofthe Exchequer) fiuolum reputabatur. Af- terward, Roger of Mortimer ) being of great poflcfTions and reckoning in this Trra6t, was, vpon the fame Rea- fon of Name, created Earle of March by Edward 1 1 1. with which others fince hauc beenc enobkd. But, in thefe, was only the name, not the dignity,of Marchio. Neither were they in Englifh. ftiled Marqucffes , but Marchers, as the moil worthy C fim ^ cr - Ciarcnceulx hath obferued. Bur the firit which had this in Eng'and,was the Earle of Oxford \, Robert of tire, 'Richard the fe- cond's Mign on. He made him in Parliament UWar- qufffe of Dublin, and afterward Duke of Ireland. How the State hk'c ir, Thcmas of ' V/alfngham Jin 11 tell you: Creata esi (faith hee) in hoc Parltamemto (ix. Richard II.) mha Dignitas Angiicis infueta i nempe Comes Cxj~ hie C D. Rub rtus de Veer appellate cs- facias % eff M ar- chie Dub lima in Htbemia f vateiis Comitibm hoc ixdigni ferer,ti'jus J qnodtiierent earn cellar em ipfi gps muncre, perctpiffe, & fracifue quia n. tik c<£* ttris nee armis Valenttor videbatkr. But vpon the in- fallible cred.t of the Record, you (halt h.uie the forme, r ?ar1.9.Rk.i. Cor.firma.mt if r t um J^Mahhionem de frediBU titulo, no- memk.} -art. 17. m ^ 1c% & ljur,,re per Gladijt.-. , . eu'i airei fuo cap ;ti imp oft 1 on vm m . . be con apart. uy 1radidk.——EHm vultu hilari inter Pares Parlamenti i n gradu Celfiori videlicet inter Duces & Cornices federe mAndauit^quod idem Marchio gr 'at annus incontmenter fe- cit. The fame King made his Couhn-german John of 'Beaufort, fonne to lohn of Gaunt, and Earle ofSomer- fet, Marqueffe of Dorfet y of which afterward Henry iv. depriu'd him, and v\hen a petition was in Parliament by the Commons for his reftitution, hee himfeJf was vnwilling to bee reftor'd to this kind of newly in- uented Honor, and, Engenulant t as the ( Roll fpeoks, f Parl.t.Hen.i. molt humblemenz, pria an Roy, que come le nemedeMzr- M.em.i < $Mt.\%. qu i s fuyt eft range nome en ceft Roy dm* y qu* tine' luy vorroit afcunement doner eel nofme de Marquis, qar iammais per conae du Roy tl tie vorroit porter n accepter fur luynul tiel nefm en afcun manmere\ mats nient mcins tnefme le Count mult cordialment remercia les (egneurs & les Comment de leurs bons coeurs, &c. The Creation of Thomas Grey(oi the family or the L. Gray of Ruthen ) by Edward iv. into Mirqucfff: of Dorfet, was c per Cmtluram Gla- t Patent-if. dij & Capp£ honoris & Dignitatis impofitionem ; and in Edward. 4. that of Henry viii. his u making the Lady *s4nne uP aten t-i$» Rocheford, (daughter to Thomas Earle of Wihfhire)Mar- Hen '*' chioneffe of Penbr.kf* the words are per CMantelU in- duilionem & -Circuit aurei in capite appofttionem, vt mv- ris eft, redder inueslamus: That Circulus aureus is a Coronet (JMeftee xw'wx our Dukes and Earles : as, of the French forme, is before fpoken. Our prefent So- ucraigne King lames, vi. of Scotland, was the firll Autor of this Dignitie there; what eucr, by mifcon- ceitof that which is affirm'd of Malcolm n. may bte otherwife imagin'd, Hee firft honor'd the * ancient * Camden.Scot. name of Bwnlton with it, in lohn fonne to lames ml)mnt l s * Duke of Chasleau Herald, and Earle of Arran. Spame hath very many. But*the firft, there, was Don Alfonfo cf ^4ragon t Count of Dema, made Marqueffe of Ville- na by Henry 1 1 . of Caftile, about CIO. CCC, Lx. of Ff Chrift 2i8 Titles of Honor. Chrift, So faith Stephen of Garibay^nd makes a Duke and a MarqueiTe , in hearing of the Maffe and fitting by the King,of equall prerogatiue ; but addes,that the MarqueiTe may not bear a Coronet on his head , nor on his Armories, nor do diners other things which he allows their ancient Dukes, aunque ceffando eflas cofas en los DuqueSyCon mayor occafion ceffan en ellos. But the Tragmatica allows Coronets vpon the Armories' of > r ' J '*-& \May queues ,and Counts,but vpon none others.For when that was made (vnder Phihpii. cid.d.lxxxvi.) it fcems diuers of inferior note arrogated the fame For- malize of Crowns. Comes. Comes Matron^. Prouincif. Comitatenfes ; Comites Confiftoriani. Diners Counties vnder fome Counties , as well as vnder Duchies, Grafio* d^affg or (25^aUC. KorrQ-' Tpop. U^wn^m- ^ Ring given in ancient inueftitures of a (fount jn ¥^ncc 4 Their Co- ronet jhere. ComeSjDuXj/W Eojilei#ww Saxon times. Aethelings. Hericts. Ealdojiman. The Bijhop of the Diocese and Ealdorman vfd to fit in the Tume. When that was forbidden, Shirifes. Wirrenagemotef. Al- dermannus Totius Ang'iae. The error of them which fetch Comites into our Saxons fom thofe jpoken of by Tacitus. Earlcs and Comites vnder the Normans.7t?«r denominating Territorie. Mabilc daughter of Robert Fitzthaimon hir ftandtng on it to haue a Husband of Two N<*mcs. Henry the firsTs and her dtfceurfe toge m ther expreft in very old Englifb Rimes. Creations. The Third part of the Shrifwikcs profits giuen to the Earle of the Countie. The fur render of Hugh le Bigod hi* Earldom of Norfolk. The fuppofd value (in our laves) of a Dukedom,Marquifat,*W Earldom. Thit hautng the Third part, vnder the Saxons : and m Hungaric and Secdndpart. up anciently ; and to form Vifconts in France. tA power in Earlcs anciently to make laws in their Counties. It was anciently doubted whether an Earle might be fud but in his own Count ie. The copie ef a Record to that purpofe. Earls of Towns and fittes. The Jpeciall Dtg~ nitie of the Earldom of Arundel 1 by reafon of the Pof~ fejfton of the Caftle. An anfwer of the Judges in Par- liament vpon interpretation of an Ac~l touching the Earl of ArundeJL Ceremony of their Creation anciently here t Girding with the Sword,7^ Antiquitie cf that gir- ding with a Sword in giuing the Comitiua.Bra6ton's defcription of Earls .Creations vnder Ed.111.4W Rich. 1 1 . Their Coronets. Their Coronet ', vfd before wee had any Dukc$,Ducal. The Ceremome expreft in the Char- ter at this dayjVuen at this day only a Charter makes them. Pra*comes Anglif. Earls of Scotland. Firft Count in Caftile. The ancient Ceremonies (much diffe- ring from other places) in creation of a Count, t here. c CHAP. IV. Ount or Comes ( which wee now call EARLE) is/in notation of the word,only as much as a Fol- lower, in that kind as we now vfe follower for fuch as are attendant about Great men ; and as the Ciuilians call him Comes Mutronulu,GKit'.-/ie i ArHerne>Bt4rbcn, Berne, and others; fo alio, in fon;e Counties , haue you inferior Counties, as, vnder the Countie cf Thai nft vi. And lorn vnder Artoic, And xni. vnder the Palatini of Cham* CbM(jan.Cat. /V£«^vvhcrcupon,tf^rrere fo confounded. Other exa.rples are of the fcme na- ture in the Empire. Therefore, as this was a Title next fucceeding in rank to a Duke, it muft be applied to, and vndeiHo d of the inferior kind of Counts(I me?n in thofe places where both lores were ) although al- waies the ennobling power of the Soueraign is here and in the like, to be chiefly regarded. How their Pro- ui ce was anciently giuen , is rememberd in the ii. chapter out of Otho of Fnanghen. For that is indif- ferently to be referd to Dukes, Marcjucfles and Counts. He that was a Count,vnder a Duke,or Index fccdx is known by the na'.j.e of Gr.fio in the old laws of the Ripuanans ,whe re r^.Lv.^r/.i.the title being, ~De eo qui Grafionem mterfeterit. The text is, 5*/ qui* ludicem Fif- calem^cjuem Comitem vocatitjxterfecerit. And,as thein- fenor kind of Counrs were ft;i\J' oftentimes Comttes hi ancient itorie,2s well as they of the fir ft rank, and which were, as I may fay, ~Ducd. So in the Dutch cr Teutomq, idiom they were botr^by corrmunitie of name, confounced yet, by feme a !dition,diftingui£hc, As th : s Grafio coming into I atine from OidtTC or C5;r andean eft fait de perles^fans af- cuns fleftrons eminents. In England, vnder the Saxons, were diuers which fubferibe in old Charters .by the name of Comites, For one example, out ofinfinit; in a Charter of Beored , King of tJMercland , made in dccclx. to the Abbey of (frowland, the fubfeription is, after Bifhops and Abbots: Ego Ethelredus Rex JVcsl- Saxonid affenfum pr&bui >fa. Ego Alfiedus fiater Regis JVtFtfaxonut cenfenfi >k. Ego Edmundus Rex E$~langh<& proenraui ♦. Egs Edelredus *Dhx fam j^. Ego Osbir- tus annpti >fa. Ego Algarm Comes islstd denote fieri de- precans a Domino meo Rege gratiofe impetraui >&. 8 go fVulkelnHi Comes adinui >fc. Ego $A deMphus Comes conceffi p{4 . Ego Turgottu Comes confenji iff. Ego AU- TMtndus Comes confideraui ♦, Ego Diga Comes inter-- fui >fc. Ego Lefmntu Comes asfexi *ji. Ego Turkar- dns Comes confer ipfi *%*. Ego Afcerm Comes ajfut*^. Ego Thurslanas Comes ftabiliui^^ Ego T^inardus Co- mes confulai *J*. Ego Tilbrandns Comes confcripfi *J«. and fomec'mes they haue the addition of their Coun- ties, as in a Charter, mere ancient, of Ethelbald King. of MercUnd, to the fame Abbey : Ego Sgga Comes Lincolniae confilium dedi pft.Ego Leucitus Comes Lei- ceftriae affenfum prabm ►{*. And the the like. Kow Dhx and Comes agreed in thofe ancienter rmes is alreadie manifefted; and, queftonlefle, no where was that con- fufion of names more then in our Saxons Latine. Of their Eople, as it was aifo Dux, fomevvhat is faid 3 which being then the fupream title next after the Prince is interpreted both Dux, and Comes. n From n V.Aistorem Cat or #t i. Honor , and 3rlU or CBo^ltC , i. Reliquiarum Honorable in **"'' Zl\ Titles of Honor. \mtsbmr. Lb.z.deGefl. Reg. cat/ 17. p V. Rog* de h q Cap. ^. in edit. Limbxid. & v. fupra vbi de Wcfegrfdo cap. i. Ale (and that in Damfc and fome think the name came in with the Danes) this Title hath its O- ruination. The admi niftration of Sward Ccmttis Nor- thumbrian, is prefently, after thofe words, calld Ducatw, in an old an.1 ° iucicious Monk. And Roger of f/oue- den fpeaking of LecfeicjHe E3rle of Chcfter % calls him Leojhau Comes, Leoffiwi l Dnc> jiHks % and iaies that 'Dxcatum eitu (Henry of Hv> ■ hath confulatum) flint [hpu Ah arm % tjComi* tatm Wettf*X9nU\Comit*tiu Eboracz and the like, re- memberd by Ingxlph , and Comes CMerciorum, Comes M 'a gefet en >fi nm y (that is, of thofe about Radnor) and Comes Aiediterraneorum (in Houedcn and Florence of Worcertcr) might haue bin as properly fbled, andpe;- haps mrre properly, c Ducntm and Duces, being refcrr'd to Godwin, Leofric , Edgar , and thofe which were Eoji'ep and how famil ar it is in thole times to meet with'OtfW NormannU for D#a: Normanntt encry man •s that hath taftcd our Sto ics; and of it, before. But, for thofe their Eorles, whofe name remaining in our Counts, is fitly to be heer again fpeken of; they were both Officiary and Honorary, hauing the goucrn- : of Prouinces •, and their title, in fome parts, hc- rcditaric, as in Leiceshr and P NoYthnmbcrlind ; jnd> ' from (hem, their wines wee (tiled Cottnteffes, as with vs in the fubfeription to a Charter of Thorold of /?//- .de to the Abbey of CrovcUnd, is, Ego LecfrtfM Comes conctffi .Ego (jodiua Comitijfi ( fliec was his wife) din tsltidde filer tut >K Thcfc were the Eth- . whereof, one in sn.old ) atinctranflation of K. 311c tyint 1 S^ mm Thegnes £n &t)m &r)trcn SClrjer spine pjettcs 3n JDatilus $inifter l^abbanD nana. Eorles and Thanes are here only mentioned , as if none els, with Honorare tit es, had any thing to do with tenitorics. Neither in that catalogue r( Archbtjhops, Eorles, Biftops, Ealdormen, Holdes, Hehgerefas^Meffcthegnes, and'JVerld- thegnes, and Retries % in the laws of Athelttan, is any Honoraric, but mccrly as he is OfTiciarie, except the Eerie « and the Theg-ne or Thane. For the Ceorle, or {Q* 1 ***: /~/ / . ti l x^ • • n mi paten ex il- or f*«rfr, was ignoble, or the yeoman. Yet it is rooft u deDipttUth certainc that, for Ealooriman, fometimes Cemes is vfd. b M Monument* An oP law . Gij: hpa Leoob^ceops otyz Ealcvriman- Saxtmct eeHt*i nes bojih abriecc , gcbete ji mio rpam punoum; it is G.Labtrdoiii aciently interpreted, ®ui fregerit plegium Fpifiopi ant timtrMft CgKt t • Comitis ii. time emendet. it's pa r t of that before ci- ted touching ts£thcl:ngs m and v\here amongit Knouts Collections, one is, that twile in the ycer the Scync- ge m v t i. the Shiremote (that which is now calld the Shinjcs Turn* J fhould be h ld,and that in it fliouldfit the Bfliop of the DiocciYe, and the Bala rman\ the old Latine hath In tlh Comit.au jit Eptfccptts (Jr Comes, u E -i ir - le g' qui os~iendant papule tuttittas Dei & rcttitudwem feculi. "v^L For the Bifhop did, in the fame u Court, vndcr the K U h!^prodc- Saxemsi cxercife Eccicfiafhcall hirifliftion , TntilJ WiUu t***&e* am the fii ll altcrM that courfe. C J de (faith c*A»«kple- a Patent x ot K. WMam) & regit attorn*** fraapw vt na» s bab«ui » nullus Zfifcfm vel Archiduxcontu de legibus Efljixftk. l * m " 3 ' G g ' * ii 6 Titles of Honor bm ampluu in Hundredo p lac it a tenett ; Nee caufam^ % qua ad Regimen ammarum pertinet, ad indicium fecula- rium hominttm adducat\ fed quicuntfe fecundum episcopa- tes leges de quacun^ catifa vel culpa interpellate fuertt i ad locum , quern ad hoc opus elegent & nominauerit , ve- mat ibique de caufa fua respondeat , & non fecundurru Hundredurn, fed fecundum Canones & Epifcopales le- ges rellum Deo & Epifcopo fuo fac'tat. But this makes apparant that the Ealoojvnen were meerely Officiarie, and as our Shirifes at this day. For what is the name of Shirife or Shriue, but their pcyjiegcrieiie or Shyre- greue? and what was Shyregreue but Alderman or Eal- dorma* ? Among the laws titled with name of the Confejfor > thus you read: ficut modo vocantur Greues quifufer alios pr eft Bur as habent i it a apud ^Anglos antu quttus vocabantur Ea'oojimen, quafi femcres, non propter jenetlutem cum quidem adolefcentes ejfe»t t fed propter fa- pientiam. Yet remember alfothar, by a tcftimouy which I am not confident in, Ealdorman was applfd to fome of much meaner rank j but as a generall name , and with a more particular regard, perhaps, giucn to EaL dormen of Prouinccs or Shires, whereof more, when we fpeak of Barons, So that thole which were ordain'dCi- uilJ Iudges in Prouinces, as the inferior fort of Counts before treated of, had rhere this name of £aldormen t remaining to this day in diucrs Corporations in a fenfe fomewhat of the fame nature, and were wont to be aflniant to the Kings of that time in their tVatenage- mots or Mik^el Synods (they were as our Parliaments) with the Cl'ergie. In the Frontifpice of lnas laws, he faith he made them with the aflent and help of his Bifhops, *7 mio callum minumEaloorimannum *j J> m y!orpcan p. ran minj*c j>ecoe, i. and w th all my Ealdor- men y and the eldeft votj'e men of my people. Where the more honorary titles of his fubie£ts arc omitted, and thence is it that in ancient Monks their Parlamems are calld Secondpart. ny calld Procerum Synodns , and Synodtu Senator um* the word Senator well enough translating Ealdorman. And as the Judges of the Shires were calld Saldormen y {oiz feems , hee that was as Chief Iuftice of" England had the name of E alder man of all England. An y old Epi- y cbromc&am. taph : fa apud Cam- den, in Huntm* HIC REQVIESCIT ALLWINVS don ' INCLYTI REGIS EADGARI COGNATVS TOTIVS ANGLIAE ALDERMANNVS ET HVIVS SACRI COENOBIIMIRA- CVLOSVS FVNDATOR. Vnderftand the Monaftcry of Ramfey in Httntindon- fiire. Neither do I thinke this Ailvnne to be any o:her then he which fubferibes a Charter of Edgars in In* gulph 9 with Ego lAlwine Dhx confenfi. Hee is calld ^alf>fcomngi.%alf ment next after the King ouer the Prouince , in fuch coin. fort as the Earles after the Conqueft, whereof prefent- ly; the other being but Tudgej, Indices fifcales, Shi- rifes, and like thofe C omit es minor es y inferior to Dukes) may be eaiTily collected, that in thofe fubferiptions of the Saxon times, Comes is not alwayes to bee took for oneequallto D«Ar,butalfofometimesfor£^/^rw^», as perhaps in moft of thofe Charters, where diuers precede by name of Dux; although that precedence alwaies make not the difference enough fure. Of EaL dormen fomewhat more, where we fpeak of Vifconts. To deriue into the Saxons, their Counts from that of G g 2 TacitM, 228 a T>c moribus GermanorHM. b Otto Vnfin- genf de gejt. Frederic* lib, i C*f 13. c Be gefl. Pen- Ufa. lib. $. Titles of Honor* * Tacitus > Magna Comitum emulatio , quibus primus a- pud Principem fuum locus ; & Prmcipum , cut plurimi & acerrimi Comites , were ( although fomc do it) bu* to fetch the fubftance of this fpeciall title from that which Tacitus could by no other word we 1 cxpreffe. He dc- liuers it indeed of a people whereof our Saxons were a fragment. But, vndcr fauour, thofe Comites can fignw fie nothing there but meer followers , neither did Ta- citus euer dream of it as ah Honorary Title or Office, by that fpeciall name. Neither in Tacitus his time, was the name at all Honorary or Officiary. Hec explains himfelf in the fame place: H&c digmtas (h\t\\ he)&* fi- res, magno femper eJetlsrum iuuenum globo circumdari 7 in face decus^ m bello pr but Comites onely when in deed of that dignitie of Eorle, any crea- tion was by the J^orman Kings, and, in Autorsofneer that age , fuch as were after created are flilcd Confides femetime, but rarely occurrs any where Dux. Indeed c CMalmesbury freaking of Walter made Bifhop and Count Talatin of Durham, vnder % Wdliam 1 . faith , hee was Dux pariter ^PromnciA & Epifcopus. But it appears that their Di°nirie vnderthc Normans was like that of the Dukes and greateft Princes vnder the Saxon Kings, otherwife why lliould they haue retain'd the name of Eorle f The Conqucrer,^////4w the firft, putting all en- heritanccs and puflefTions both of the Church and Lai- tie vnder his fuprcm dominion, nor permitting any foot Second part. Up foot of land within this Realme to be free from cither a mediae, or immediat Tenure of him, created- diuers into this title of Eerie, making it feudal!, and heredita- rie. And in fome Grants, made reference to the Saxon Times, as in that to *Alan Count d of Bretagne, in d Camd.'w Brtg. giu-ing him the Earldom of Richmond, by the name of Omnes Vdljis & Terras qut nuper fuerant ComitisEad- wini in Eborafhira, cum.feodis Militwn, & alijs liber* tAtibm & conffietudimbas it a liberi y & honorific^ , fie ut **k?w Eadwinus eademTenmt.Bat in theBookofDomef. day and long after you flia'l often meet with the Chri- ftian name, and Comes, without any addition, as Co- mes AUrnUy Comes Rogerm^ Comes #«£at e fjeoflfoloe c i$ fone to fctr fp0uSng anongfj SEtys mapae toas tfceragen anD &>itbfc&e tt longe* 2Hbe fting of fogijt tyr fuittje ynou,fo t^at, atten entie, Mabile^tm anfuere&e as go&e maiDe anD ben&e, ^tre, tjto feDe,toel icrjoU&at pure fytvtt fcpe me is, tyw bo? mine heritage tbanboj mifulue tints; &o bate entage as ic\) abbe,it toere me gret ffame, mojtoabbeanlouerD,goter}ea&&ean b to name; ^ir Roberd le Fiz. Haim mi facer name toas, (na^ Slna tfjat ne m\tf)t nou^t be ^i0,tl>at ofiji* feinne ncgtfj O g 3 sn&eruoje e Shcc fliouM. t His lonne. g Two names. 2;o Titles of Honor. Xlrtvimt fir bo: gc&es loue, ne let me no mow ofoe, *i5ote lie abbe an tiuo name, tear tboju be ifcnotoe. DamoitfeLc, quail) tbe &tng, tbou feift tod in tytiet ca* ; g>ire Roberd k Fi z Haym ttjt faber ttio name tea*, 3nb as baire two name be (Tal abbe,gif me fcim map hi fe, &irc Roberd lc Piz Rei is name (Tal be. ©ire, quatb t^tjs matbe tljo, tbat \$ a bs* re name, 8gtoofeitb,alislifanbofgrctfame, (corner 0c teat (Tdbe is fonne bote tbanne,ana at ber tbat of bim £>o ne raigbt bit ftotc nogbt foereof nitnetb gome. SCbe ftingbn&erft©& tbat tbe maibe ne fcoe no outrage, 0nDtbatGlouceil etoageftefof ire heritage* £>amaifcle,be fe&* tfeo,tbi llonerti (Tal baue a name ire, quatb tbte maibe tbo, toel lifeetb me tbis ; 3n tbis fo?me tcbolle tbat al mi gofce be ty$. 2£bus toar Erlof Glouccftre firftpmabe tbere, Sc tbis Roberd of alle tbulke tbat long biuoje foere. fa Ekucn. Cbis teas * enblenc bunbjeb per $ in tbe nitb vtt rig&f ^».i i o 9 . & 9. 0ftcr tbat b; llouero teas in \$ mober abigfct* Hen.i. How much the hauing a furname was then re- ipec^ed, is hence to be obferu'd, which in thofe diies and long after, was either from fomc perfonall note, or pofifeft Territorie. Although alfo the Earles of ancient Families and names vfd them both, and not oncly the Christian name, as now . fo is £>imon of ^OUntfOJD CDo^le Oil ^Leirrbefter, (for Le.eeficr) witneflc to an i P4/.45. Hen. old Englifh Charter of » Henry the third; and ot^er 3-memb.iS' like. The ancienteft precedent of Creation, in exprefle termes, which our great Antiquarie and Light of Bri- tame could euer find , is xhziofMarjdemll's being made Earle of Ejfex by Maude the Empreffe. Thus itfpeaks, Ego {JMatildu FiUa %e Times before the Conqueft. But all of them had not this Third part,but fuch only quibus Regum munificent tia (as Geruafe of Tilburies vvorda* are) obfequij fr&sliti vel eximU probttatis intuitu Com item fibi ere at , & ra- tione Dignitatis Mini hate conferenda dtfeemit : quibuf- dam hereditariofluibufdam perfonaliter. Neither was this diuifion only with vs. Otko of « Frijingheu (peaking of t j>egefi.Fre. HfifJgarie , in his age : Hinc eft vt cum prtdifffrm reg- dericuUb.i. num per lxx. vel amplius diuifum fit Comitates de om- cap.$ i . ni ififlitia ad Fifcum Regium Dua lucri partes cedant, tertia tantum Comiti remaneat , which is alfo the right ©f fome Viccunts in France. As they had this third i Charles Voy» part of the Shrifwike , fo in the Shires of which they f {™t sM c f°\ were Earles,it feems^rhey had a kindofpower of con- §./ 9 . 7 * limiting Laws. For time after the Norman inuafion 5 JVdliam of CMalmesburic mentioning William Fitz,-Of- bern made Earleof Hereford vndcrtheConquerorjfaith, Vianet in hunc dtem in Comitatu eius apud Herefore- dumLegxxmfluaiftatuitjinconcujfafirmit&^vt nulla* Miles pro quahcunq^ commiffo plpu feptem folidis foluat, cum in alijs Prouincijs ob paruam eccafiunculam , in tranfgrejfwne pr&cepti her His , viginti vel viginti qumq, pendant ur. Of the fame nature are examples in the Constitutions of the old Earls of Cornwall and fuch like. And in thofe times.their denominating Territorie had a much diffe- rent relation to them from what this later age vies. For, then was that alwaies accounted as their fpcciall pof- feffions/; and they had g adminftrationem fuorum Comi- fj eu fj e jj n tatfium:and their larger! Rmenue was in the fame Shire iohannefi. befide their third part of the Shrifewike. Which from no better autoritie is to be collected , then the doubt arifing vnder Hen.x 1 1 .Whether an Earl might be lawfully fommoned in any other Cmntie then that whereof he was Earle, For then was lohn, furnamd the Scot t Earle of Chester and Huntingdon fu'd in a Writ of Right of Ra- tionabiU parte for part of the porTeiTions o^Ranulpb of H h Vim- 2}4- Titles of Honor. Blundenill his anccftor Earle of Chester, in Northamf- tonjbireand there,as hw now cleerly requires,fommo d $ to the Commons and laying of the Writ, hec firft ex- cepts , vpon the reafon of his not being fommond in Huntingdon^wt yet was put to anfwer* It may be the hTnFragmen- h record tranferibed will be fo acceptable^that I may tiSTC T to the Iurifdi- £Uon('akhough,by la\\ 5 too late) & che Demandants re- plie , thn quamuts Communia placita prohibeantur quod non fequantur Duminum Regtm , non fe quit ur propter hoc quin aliqua placita JinguLiria fiquantur tpjum c Domwum Regent t & petunt iudi.ium.8t dies datus eft Coram Rege, His Counfeil though:, it fccm$,that btcaufe ic concer- ned Second fart. 235 ned fo great a Family, & Co many Noble perfons,it was not within the Statue; but crroneoufly. And the Coun- tie of Leicester was giuen by Henry i i i, to Edmond Crouch-back^, to k whom a Parent was, CMilitibus., li- k Pat a?. Hen. her is Homimbus & omnibus alijs tenentibus de Comitatu i-p«rui*mtmb % dr honor e Leiceitrif Senefcalcia AnglU drc. Adeo a * vobis m.tndamus quod eidem E dm undo tanquam Domino y Honore % & Dominio de Arundel in c Dcmi- nico [ho vt de feodo , & ratione pojfejjionts fudt eorundem Caftn,Honoris^& Doming abfy aliqua aha ratione vel Creation e in (f omit em, fait Ccmes Arundel (£ nomen & (latum Cr Honor cm (f omit is Arundel necnon locum ■& fc- dem Com it is Arundel in Parliamento & Confiho Regis quandiu vixerat , pacific c habuit & poffedtt abfy aliqua calunnia, recUmationejjel impediment o. The Petition was in tHs form : Pleafe au Roi mftre Souerain Seigneur d' accepter voftre humble Icige Iohn Count ^Arundl ore prefent en voftre fcruicc dews v fire Rotalme de France a fin lieu pur feier en voftre P arlcment ccme en voftre Coun- cil ccme Count /Arundel , conftdcrant que fes anaftors founts d'hiu n de 1 feigneurs del Cand Dignity of Erie of A- rundel is and of time that no mind is hath bmvnyed and annexed.and by that reafon he beene and had that name % And not by way of Creation,as the fame Iudges vndcrftonde by reafon of the fame ^# e f Cambridge ; and UMichael de U * R9t.Va.fl9. Poole, n vnder Richard 11. Earle of Stffoll^, whom the Kicb.i.Memb.'). King Gladio cinxt prout decet , as the Roll faith; and before any of thefe, Hugh of Audelej is cre3red Earle 1 Rot Pad of Gloccsler in Parlament, his Patent r thus fpcaking, Ed.^Memb.14. fyj*** in Comitem Gloceftria? prtfecimus & de ftatu Co- ch.z4.mcvjb.11. wit is per cinclnram gUdij de munificent 1.% regta wucfti- tb.4uiumb.t4* mns, ad nomen Cr cmen diBi loci jibi & haredibus Juts ck-49* . perpetno retincndum. In like forme Willi m of Clinton -s made Earle of Huntwd.n , William of "Bohun Earle of Northampton, 2nd xx. ! . annuity giuen out of the Coun- tie, to be rccciu'd from the Shirifes hands. Many fuch are extant m the Records. And how the girding or », bis fpeciallfauorit Bon Alnar Nmnez, Oferio, Count of ccc * win. . 'Traslamara , Lemos & Sarria, Hereof faith Mariane : Nouum id exemplum fnit y nullus antea in CasielU regno Comitibus* The Ceremonie he defcribesthus : Tres Of- f* 240 Titles of Honor. ft in vini poculo oblata y cum inter fe Rex Comefque tertio muitdjpnt t vter prior fumeret , a Rege Offa vna fumpta, a Comite altera. Itu C aidant, in Casirts^nBel- lo Vexilli proprtjS infignibus dislintli datum. In earn fen* tentiam confetti* Tabulit, at^ reatatis, confecutus aslan- tium clamor pla»fuftfe lata fausld^ue no no Comiti omi~ nantium, Is wslituendi Comites ritus fuit. In ^Poland cf late time, both this Dignity, anJ that of Duke began, y Martin. Cro- but, to few, Communicated. My Autor thus y of that mtr. Volon.dc- State: 6ft autem pari dignattone Polcnica omnis Nobili- fcnpt.Ub.i. tas . nec e ft vlliim tn ea Patritiorum Comitumue difcri- men y exaquata, quo dam tempore, omnium conditions Nu- per adeo paucis quibufdam> parentum, vel ipforummct am* plitudtne atque meritis % rfr Principum beneficio Comitum Deeus denuo partum eft. Ducum, qui peculiares habeant dominatm vel Territoria nunqu^m aliud genus fmt apud Polonos qutm id quod a Boleflao Kriuoufto Principe (this Krz,iuous~i y as they write it , began to raigne in 1 103.) propagatum fust , cum is principatum inter Uberos dwiftffet. ferum id iam defecit. Bet in Lithuania, Pruffia, and Liuonia are Dukedoms; Gagmn and others ca 1 them Ducatus. Neither, for that State be fatisficd here without feeing what we haue in the next Chapter of their Vatuods and Chafit dans. Of Counts Palatin , two forts in old ftorie. Palatins generally. Counts Palatin without Territory made at this day by the Emperor aud Pope. Cnmes Palatij. Curator Palatij. The office of 'Comes Palatij in the old French State. Chapl-mis,. whence fo calld. Mairc Du Maifon, & Count du Palais, not the fame anciently y agaitift diuers that affrme the contrane. Maioratus & Scncfcalcia. The true deduttton of the name of Counts Palatin, differing from the vulgar. |)falt^raffe of Rhi;:c. Second part. 24.1 Rhine. 3lattt)graue. Rigordus intended. 7&*Palatinac of Champagne. Of Chefter, Durham, Ely and Lan- cafter. The Cuitzn fword born by the Earle of Che- ftcr at the manage 0/Henry 1 n.Franchife de Werk, in our Law Annals. Hcxatnfhire. Hengftaldcmfhire, /// name tn cur Monks amendcd.Hexzmvnited to Nor- thumberland. Palatins in Poland . their Vaiuods, BoiCofQ-* Chaftellans. Palatins tn Leitow. CHAP. V. AS one diuifion of Counts is intoPALATIN ; and Preuinciill ( The Palatins hauing their denomina- tion from Palattum 9 the Palace or Kings Court : the Pronincials from their Prouinccs:) fo, of Pat 'at ins ,fome had that generall name for Hung * in Palatia\ as Pa- z Cod.tit.de latin a Ojficia; and Palatini Comitatenfes 3 for the Em- Frikil - cor % qui pcrors Gard, and the like. Others were more fpecia- f^ftMih^ 1 •« 1 ^ • Ti/- i-ttj a \t- tcint.&hb*u ly titled Comites Pauty , as chief Iudges and Vicege- $, i4m rents in the Court for adminiftration ofluftice, of whom moll mention is in the French ftorie. Ofihofe of the firft kind is frequent mention in both the Cedes; but (o that the word Palatins comprehend alfo what- foeuer officers were employ'd in the Palace. Uakativu (faith an old GlofTary of the Law) wiva hofj.a.v warn; ruZwmt, i. 2?/ a common name of Palatins Are c aid all fetch as were Officers in the Palace about the Treafurie; and interprets it alfo by UAKctvovot \£r»pftT«Jj C mn Offi- cers. Of Prouinciall Counts, alreadie. But all honor'd with the Comititta, and following the Emperor, might well be, and were fiil'd among this firft kind of Pala- tins. Amons thefe are reckon'd fuch as haue arrogated that name from xx. years PrcfcfTion of Grammar, Rhc- 1 i torique, 242 Titles of Honor* a C.tib.u.tit. torique, Law or the like in C 'on ft an tin op le ,by a a Con- Y ^'fcJ*l? ftitution of Theodofius and Yalentiman , which, at this Torm°\9 &*" ^^J' ls m r ^ e Empire made vfe of, as alfo thofe crca- Svmmicb. lib.i. tQ d Count PaUtws , without any Territory, both by epifl,z6.& 37. the Pope and Emperor, which haue, with their Ho- bpith.dcscom. nor, h the Prcrogatiues of making publique Notaries, tesdecbamp. conftiruting Iudges, legitimating of Baftards, imrmi- nitie from Imports and the like. It is written on the Tomb of that famous Rowland, nephew to Charles U Afjgne, (lain in the battcll of Ronciualles, and buried at dt^a't^r Blat4Zj in Xanto g" e > that he was ' Primus Comes P*Ia. •1 tinus; which I interpret, the Chiefeft Courtier honor d with the Digmtie of Count. But that other kind of Counts PaUtins or Palazms (as the old French call'd them) were as Chief Tuftices and fuprem vnder the King, for administration of right, in which Office I find them not vnder the Empire, vntill Charles leMag- ne, in whom the French Empire began. For neither the Ccmcs Sacri Palktij fpoken of in the Code, nor the d Cajfiod. far. A Curator Palatij come nccr Ait autoriry of the Counts 7>Fom.i.& j H p a / a ^ f j atcr t j me# 1 f ce none vvhich hath better dec'om.&Tr'h OD fcr u 'd tne tr ^e nature of them, then 'he leam'd Hte- bunisScbola- rcm Bigncn in his notes to Marcvfph i § where he takes mm. thefc words of old fUticmkr to witneflc : ^pocn firms qui vacatur apud nos CotptiLinm, vd Pahith cuftos de om- nibus neootijs Ecclefiaslicts, vel Aim: fir is Ecclefid; (^-Co- mes Palatij de omnibus feculzrib us caufs vel ludtcijs^s- fcipiendi cur m inFLmtcr habebant : vt ncc ecclt pafiici nee fecuUres puus Dominum Rcgcm abfque eormn cofultw.n. quictare neceffe habcant, qnoufcjue illi viderent, fi necef- fitas ejfet , vt caufa ante Regcm m^rito venire deberet. What better fhews the nature of that Ofiiciarie Digni- ttc? And with this Count du Palais or Count PaUtw, ttxCbnnic. the Kings of France of the fir ft line x(d alfo to fit DMvv/apud in Judgement, as in a Precedent of thai * age, tou- *5£^fo. ch > n S thc Abbc y of Ztyw, and thus fpcaking, appears oe con a part. 24.3 Curb nos in Dei nomine (the words are as in the per- fon of King Clothar nl. about dclx.) Mofolaco in Pa lath no fir o , vna cum Apoftoliczs viris patribus ncflris Eptfcopis, Optimatibtts, c&terifqnc Palatij nofin rnimfiris, ticcnon dr Andobello Palatij noftri Comite, qui de ipfo minifierio ad prafens nobis defer mrevidebatur , advnwer- forum caufas audiendas 9 iusloque iudiciu termmandas y re- fideremusy &c % The King and other great Courtiers fare, it Teems, fomctime, but the chef autoritie dcle- gatand iudiciarie was in the Count du Palais 5 and be- fore him as Chief Iuitice were all funs determined, crimes examined, the Crown- reucnew accompted^and whatfoeuer done, which, to Co great iurifdjption was competent.Neither was there, kfeems, alwaies Oneone- Jyin this Office, but fometime more. An old f Monu- f Tabular. s. roent,of Pipiris time, hath , Vbicunque eorum iuslitUm Dm yfif 3 P U< * inuentmus ficut Ptincipesncslri, feuComkes Palatij ncftn, eundem * velreliqui legis Dotlores iudicauerunt. And a very an- cient b r Writer, of the midle times: f^ncmadmodum funt g Wakfrid. in Palatijs Trtceptores vsl Comites Palatij qui feculari- StrabodeRcb. urn caufas ventilant, ita funt & Hit quos fummos Capella- Scekfiafiic .£.31, pos Franci appellant 6 clericorum caufis piwUti. He com- pares the Counts du Palais forfecular bufines, to Arc h- (fhaplaws conftituted in thofe elder times in the Court for Ecdefiafticall matters. They were calld Chaplains, Cappetfdru, a Cappa Beati tJWartini, from S. Martins Hood, which as a moft precious relique they kept, and the Kings ob adiutorinm (as Strabos words are) v. clor t£ , in prtlifs folebant fecum habere : qucm fercntcs & custodier: tes , cum ceteris fanttcrum reliquijs, Clerici Cappcllani coeperuntvocari. They much erre which con- found the Count of the Palace, with the Maire du Mai* fon y or Maicr Demus. This One autority both ancient h # and beyond exception difproues their co.iieclurc. h Crcgcr.Tu- Chddebert the firft fent,into Potters, FlorentiaKum Ma- rontnf.bifUib. tcrcm Dcwus Reqi pradta Sa- ltc/i y Secondpart. 2^5 litd y *R^dditHS regios procarabat, Cafarum cenfam exigt-. bat. Nil citra etas aatoritatem Duct (Boiarise) aat de* cernere aat fiat Here licebat. Si SenatufconJaltumRegali difbltcebat , intercede bat , ad C 'afar em que referebat In this forme mult the name of thofc which then were fpecially calld Counts Palatin.be deriu'd,and from that fecond kind of Counts du Talais. For, if from thefirft, and general] name of Palatinus, it would follow, that cuery Count liuing about the King were a Pa/atw,znd alfo, that, with any regard to a Prouince, none could be fo titled. And thus, by the moft leaned Peter T 5 *- thoa y is deduction of the name made* To all this well agrees what an ancient m Bifhop vnder our Henry n, m Ioan.Sarif- wrote to one Nicholas then Shirife of Ejfcx: Stent alij ™^Jjj*^. prafales (faith he) in partem folicitudinis a fummo Pott- Confalas licet tifice eaocantar 9 vt foiritualem exeueant Gladiam y fie a & lib.6. ife Nu» Principe, in Enjts Materialiscommunionem, Comites qui- gkCurialcap.6, dam, cjtiaft Mandani iaris P rafales, afctfemtur. Et qai- dem qui hoc Offici) gerant in \. o Rigordusin vita Pbil'ppi p Roger.de Ho- ucdenmHcn.i. fol.y :9 . q Ecvoyes.4,7. are de cbeln} Antiq.&Rc- tbcrcb.liurei' chap.?}. Comes, ipfe Palatimis non alibi pr&tcrquam in Imperials Curia vbi Imp er at or feu Rcmanorum T{ex prafens extite- rit.potcrit exercere. And whcras fome* Dukes,Marquef- (es, and Counts, challenging and enioying almoit all foueraintie,haue not this addition; you mult remember thn the firft inftitutkn of an honor , and continuance of the name vfd,are the main caufes of a diftinA Title; not {o much ; vfurpation of Royalties or lawfull poiTef- fefllon alone* The very word 2la>tDtgraue,among the Princes of the Empire,is known of great Dignitie and neer the beft of Soueraintie , yet it literally inccrprets but Comes Prouincia lie although an old ° French autor, regarding more the fubftance of it as its apph'd then the (ignification ; turns it into Comes 'Palatwus. Eodem anno (faith he ; that is cio.c evi n.) quidam Comes Palatinus qui eorum lingua llanttgrauc(the printed books haue Zrf»^»£d,bui,queftionles, erroneoufly) vocabatur y Phtlippum Romanum Imperatorcm interfecit. The like in proportion muft be thought of an ignorant P Englifh writer of the Monkifh times, deliucring that Prothofo- u asters (he means Protofebastos ) in Latin is C omes *^" lath. He knew it was a great Dignitie in the Eaftern Empire and therefore thought io.In France vntill The. bank the Great,Count of Champagne , about cid.xxx. I remember not any Prouinciall Ccunthauing this title of PalarinJBut he then reuolting from Hen.i. of France and inyning to the German Emperor Henry i it. either took from the Emperor, or arrogated to himfelf.the Title. In his Charters is read, Thcobaldus C ernes Cam* pani<& Palatinus; and in French; Thcbanlt de Champagne rjr Brie QuettsPaLizins.,2s<\Pithou dcliucrs.That Conn- tie is now,& long time hath bin in the Crown, but retains (til good marks of /W*!/;wfouerainty.This Honor hath bin and is in England at this day \Chcsler \Vurham t Ely & Lan- caster rre famous by it. O e Hugh Wolf was made Eail o c C'hrftcr by William i, and the Counrie giuen him Second part. 217 him h fee, Tenendum (ibti & Here dibits it a vert ad C Indium ficut ipfe Rex tenebat ^Angliam ad Coronam. And as the King , fo hee for his heirs there had their Baronsty that name fpecially known. In a Charter of the fame Hugh's foundation of the Monafkrie at S* Werburg, he faies, Ego Canes Hugo & met Barcr.cs con- firmauimus. And, in Liberties anciently giuen by ore of the Ranulphs, Count Talari* there to his Barons , hee r grants quod vnufquifcj ? tor urn Curiam fuam habeat It- r ijf/i,exi$. beram de omnibus Placitk & qucrtlis in Curia Me a hmJ part.i. metis , except is Placitis ad Gladmm meum P crtinenttbus . wemb-i^. For their Barons,more # apon.But the Spueranuie claimd by thofe Earls may well appeare in a relation of E-rl John his carrying the Sword calld the Curt an at the marriage of Henry ni.and Queen Elianor daughter to Raymund Earle of Prcucr.ce % Comite CeftrU (iauli Mat- thew Paris )GIadium S.Edwardi } qui Cu-tein dicitur t ante Re gem baiuUnte.in Jiguum quod Comes eft Palatums & Regcm.fi oberretjoabeat de iHrcJ*ote$~tatcm cohibendi , Jito fibi fcilicet Ceslrenfi Coyfiabulario mini fir ante & virga populum , cum fe inordinate wjrereret, Jubtrahcnte, This- Countie Palatine hath its Officers almoft as the King MfKflminsler RzW.Lar, easier by Edward i i i.was crcav ted into a Countie Talatin by cxpreiTcname the Char- ters and particulars whereof euery Student knows out of Plovpd.cn> Thefctwo(being both now in the Crown) may be ca'ld Lay Ptlattnats with vs;fwas,for offence to the Sta^dcpoiu^and in his fteed one Walker put, qui ejfet '& Dux par iter c PromncU^& Epifcopus (as the Monk of* Malmesbury C Be g"/?.Pwhich is ment in one of our u yeer-books where u $.Ed.}foL Durham is rcmemberd with the name of j^rancrjife DC *8*/.88. t&lcrfc. For,fo you muft readmotifranebtfeDetStrefe, as the publifht books haue. The cafe is,in them,mifre- x Tit.iur'ifdi- ported and very imperfit.Sec the x Abridgment of it, fttuniQ. which queltionles was from a better copie, and you will confeffe it. Neither,without that,can you findiea- fon.why the Writ of Right of ^Aduovofon fhould Heat Wes~lmins~ler for an enheritancc in Durham. The Bifliop y 17. Ed. 3. foL is there calld Count Pa/eys,2t\d in another place Yfcountc $6.p'.4. fa Palais ^nd that he was z Come Roy. In the North parts "Error 6 d'*'*' anc i ent ty Hexamflnre was reckond for a Co untie Pa* Xraclon.lib.i.de ^ atw - ^ xs tnc ^* amc which in the printed Monks oc- coronacap.%. currs by name of Hangulftad t ox Hangulftadeim and the §4. like names corrupted. But my Ms. of a W.lhamofMal- a Ttegeft. Ven- mes buric (it is that which belongd to S, *s4 ngu flirts c i jp in Canterbury) of a vc>y ancient h3nd,hath Hengftade* cle(.bi(l.lib.A. ^ eim anc ^ Hengftadeam % for that which in the printed ^.13.^28. i s Hauguji aide hem 9 and Hauguslaldcm. And from Hen* flaldehemjhire came, it feems, HexamJJ:ire. In it was a feat of a Bifhop vnder the Saxons* Fifco Regio famu- labatur (faith fTr3gans, and the Viguiers to Parifh Priefts. But as,in the Roman Empire, was the Dignitic c uX.l':b.\Mt. anc * Office of c Vtcarius as great as Comes(but yecfom $9,& alibi. difference twixt them) and was alfo applied to an in- ferior fort of SlaueSjWhichyou fee in that. A am nolo ZJicarius ejfe , fo in the French and (jerman Empire I doubt not but Vicar'tui and Vtguier was not only for ludges of mean note fubdelegat by inferior Counts , but alfo fonuime for fuch as the iuprern Prince confti- tuted in vkem Comitis , or the fjperior and firft rank of Counts made their Lieutenants* As alfo Mijfi were not only a name for them which were vnder Counts, but alfo fomtime for the like in propoition vnder the d Vet.V»rmM King. Ante tlluftres ( faith an old d Precedent ) Jh-os finem.Mar- maoniRcos illos & illos Miflos Domini & gloriofifjhni *'/.. cu'pb.7. i uu Rggis, A nc | a Charter of Pipin, Main du mat/on, to the c Bietion. ; n e Abbey of S .Dents. Ommbui Epifcopis s Abbatibu4 y Duu-~ Not.adyct. bus,Comitibus.DomeJ}ias,Graficmbus t Vegarijs ( that is Form, Viguiers) Centenarijs^vel ommbHs\A\ft\s ttoftris difcurren- tibus , feu cjttacuttq ? ludiciar'ui petejldte pradttis. But the confufion of theie names (hatting regard to fuperiors as well as inferiors) in old laws and ftorie, allows not fuf- ficient means of diftinoYion to know which alwaiesby them is certainly meant : yet withall makes vs in ge- ncrall truly know i\ hence t his Title of Vifcount with them had its original]. Its greatnes there varying ac- cording to the qualitie of the next fupcrior , as weil now it is Honorarie,as at its firft beginning, when it was Officiaric. And as they which vuem Comitis gere- hant were calld Vicecomttes Jifcounts , f o the delegate of Bifrops in tcmporall iurifdidtion of that kind , were ftil'd PktdmPtijUto at this day the word is, Jtdame s . That Second part. 253 That the Subftituts of great C'ergie men for fecular adminiftration were anciently cal'd fo , appears both out of paflages in the Canon 2 laws,and alio in verie z tp'tjtjGreg. ancient Storiz. Bertigr anus (\hz words of an old * Monk) Dift.89.cyo- Epifcoput Cenomanenfis legatos mittit ad S. r BenediHun±j l"rnus.&.Re- Flodegarium Archidtaconum & ^Arderadum Vicedomi- -foty'V- rbmtCy rmm fuum. And as Vifcounts from Officers became Hono- H ator.&llxtrar raric,&Seigneurali,fo#dkw#*f.Neitheris therein France a- uag.de Simoriix ny Vidame which holds not ofjbme Bifhoprik^nlefie that cap.£mfukr€, of Beauuais (fo Eoyfeau tells me ) which is yoked to ■* *Ainuala, the Bi&oprique of Beauuais, and now calld le Vidame f'^^jjjj de Gerberoy. And from the chief Town of the Bifhop- "^ rique arc the Vtdames denominated; as the Vidame of Reims, of Amiens, Chartres, Mans, and the likr,whcre he notes alfo two fpeciall differences twixt Vifcounts and Vidames. Firft, One Duke or C unt (efpecially of the fupertor fort and firft Rank) had diuers Vifcounts Officiarie vnder them; but euery Bifhop one Vidame, Secondly 3 the Vifcounts had only their le mojemie lu- fiice^s they call it, that is 5 iuriioiclion of fome caufes onely, and them of the meaner fort ( as wee may fay ef our Officiarie Vtcecomttes or Shirifes, which haue di- uers Actions Vifcontitly and inquirie of criminall cau- fes,) but the determination of Criminall, and others of greater a note were referu'd to fuperior lodges which a Mcmincris haue le hunt Iuslice, or a delegation of a kind of y^/ir- c l no ^ hoc "- , j n j v_- r l • pice habciriib rum lmperium: vnderltand this oi their more common £ x sirabonfi fort of Vifcounts rcckond among their Medwcres Seig- neurs, of which notwithstanding, now diuers by vfur- pation haue gain'd le haut Justice to their Scigneuries. But the Vidames from their firft inftitution had le haut b y, cauC.17.de Justice, the reafon being apparant, becaufe Ctergle bcllo& re mi!i~ men b would by no means mcdle with iudgements tar'h&c, Criminall, which were Capi:all,and therefore had their c lo.Ed.q.foU. Lay Delegatsj which is the reafon why in our c old ^ fxpjus m ParlamentS; when in them, Appca s and judgement s mm K k 3 of 254- Titles of Honor. of Death were, the Lords Spirituall \Cd to make iPro. curator, for that turn. The Office of Vifcount neuer yet became Honorarie in England, yet, before we fpeak of our firft Honorary Vifcont, fomething of the Office alfo with vs. Its already fhew'd that the Ealdormen of the Saxon Times were Vtcecomites , and as our Shi- rifes; and they were in thofe times by that name wri- tcn in Latinc alfo. A fubfeription to King Edreds Charter, dated dcccc. xlviii. to the Abbey of Cropland iuftifies it. There after the Abbots, Dukes, and Counts (the Dukes and Counts perhaps being of e'quall dignitie) follows: ►J* Ego Bingulph Vicedominus confului. ►J« Ego Alfer Vice comes audim. And in a Charter of Thorold otHukenhaU to the fame Abbey, the laft wrncflfe is thus expreft: ►f* Sgo Li- uwgm cltricHi islnd Chrographnm manu mea fcrtpfi & domino meo Tboroldo Vicccomiti tradidi : and in that before of King Edred to the Abbey of Crorvland,cci- tam lands are dilcharg'd, Auxiltjr yicecom'tum, by that name ; and in one of King Bertu/pb to Stward, Abbot of Crow/and, you may read : Pracepi Radboto Vice- do mi no Lmcolm« be helpt by the Townefmen, orTithing; if they would b P ec * not help him, that then the EalDojiman fhould (that is, the Shirife) and if the Ealdorman would not, that then the King fhould, and if the King would nct y that then the Shire fhould not be bound to keep the Kings peace; forfo I interpret Liege Ea'oojiOom on vnjqi J>e : where the Vicountic or Shirfdom is ca!ld alfo an Eaoojioom, as the Superior and Marriall goucrnment of their Eorle was titled an Eorledome , the word Dome fignifvins in that fenfe a place fubiecl to a Superior, not only in Ciuill lurifdiction, but alfo Martiail. Either then in ' imitation of other Nations, was that name of J'tce- comes applied to our Saxon Ealdormen, and Shirifcs; becaufe their offices were fomevvhat like : Or els be- ing conftituted, qui vicem iudicum fine Comitum gere^ rent, by the King, were properly as the ancient and bdt fort of them in France,(o calld, or as the V ca- rij in the Declining Empire, hauing no Superior^ which conHituted them but the King. Hovvfoeuer the reafon of the name giuen by Geruafe oiTtlburie is much de- ficient, vnieflc in it,by a nice conftruclion, you*make him vfe Comes in feuerall Notions. He is calld Vicem ccmes (fai h he) quod Vicem Comitit fuppleat in pLicitis tilis de quibus Comes ex Cu& Dignitatis ratione participate The errors of Polidore , and fuch that begin ourShirifcs at the Norman ConqueR, arc nor here worth (peaking of, or of thofe which fay the word Vicecomes was not here in the «SW#0* Times. f>uc,of it as it is with vsOffi- ciarie thus much; which I infert becaufe of compar ng our Office of that name to the like in France, where the Hon r proceeded originally from the Office. For with vs the Honor and the Office haue no communi- tie. Neither had we any of thatD g i:ic ( hhoughthe Office 25 6 Titles of Honor* Office in fome places bath been hereditary from anci- ent time) vntill Henry vi. He in Parlament made, by Patent, John of Beaumont Vtfcount of Beaumont , with i Pat.iS.Hen. f thefe words of inueftiture \ N omen Vic ec omit ts ^Beau- 6. part. 2. mont lmpominw ac ipfum infignijs Vicecomitm de Beau- mtmb.i. monc rcaliter inueftimns, locum^in ^arliumentps , Cm- ci/rjSjCjr' alijs congregatiombus noftris y fuper Omnes Baro- nes Ream noftn Anglit ajfignamns . What thofe Jnfigma. were then, 1 know not; but later time allows him a kind of Coronet (without Point or Fiowrs) on a Cap % Avtb. dela of Furrc. But an old Autor S of Trance faies that Lc SaUe chez Vicomte eft inuefty auec vn verge d'or. In Scotland the frt^ 4 " filft Di g™y by this name was in Thomas lord Ereskin J L i > C *M created Vifcount Felt on by our preient Soueraigne, their lames the vi. Spain hath fome of this Order and Name. Twixt Vicount and Count in France, is a fpc- ciall Dignitie of Princes, They haue their names by reafon of their Seigneuries creeled into Principali- ties. Baro in Cicero, and Perfius. Its figmfication in Hirtius arrd old Cjlojfaries. Magnus Homo. The true de- riuation of Baro , as its now Honor arte : ft)flll and Ma'lobergium. Sagibaro.^at-e,or &acl). tCU'ttifcalC, fe-accal3D2 or £>at!;ab02. Pica de fakeberc. &ikCl- bo;gl). l)onot)abenD. Mamauer. 3i5arigilD. Baro/>„ rxr ... mind. the Latins by the name of CMaonus homo^\x\Qx\x. i jicuYf.lxerc. ) J & Critic. part. i. ad * Jooli\b kn attest a foolijlj fellow. Flaiiti Milit. cap 4. Ncq-iam & Magnus Homo > Laniorum immani canes vt \ Va) 'i° dc ,u, faith k Luciiius &, Magna qmdem fqueris Pont ice ; magnus he mo es , Un^iuLal.Lb.6. I Lib.y.Epig. with the 'ike, is in * MartUU Ye^neither did that pro- fV.v&lib.y. p Cr ly interpret a Toole, no more did 'Baro. The lame W5i« i n proportion may bee faid pf it as it is turnd in the Gl iTancs Fortis or M/V©-,and the like. Fori take/Vr- tis thcrc,not for valianc,but fturdie or y?™^ which well fits with our Barons he was Mihtis (truus or Cacula. But ouvnuyarim 201 But that its dcriud from R*pu\,I muft take long day to beieeu, Dcubtles it will be of another Family, ano- ther Climat. In the ancienteft laws of the Almainsfti- fuarians y Salians 5 and the reft (which are fuppofd writen about cd. or d. after our Saiiiour) Baro often occurrs for Man>*% it diftinguifhes the better Sex. And accor- ding; to that it is ™ turnd inro the Gieek ti v h, i. a vL ;, nK . e „ .„ Man.- Its likely then, that, as the Latins hauevfd/worMan, or fuch like, we may obfetue in this peece of the Sa- lique n laws. Si quis Sagibaronrm qm puer regtus fue- n Salk.leg.ap. rit,occtderet,&c. And then, Sagibarones in fingulis Mat- le.&art.^ lobergijs ,\.plebe qua ad vmtm Mallum conuemre fofot (This Mall or Mallus occurrs of en in the Salique laws and ancient precedents, in like fignification) plus quam tres ejfe non debent : & fi catifa alt qua, ante illos, fecund um legem fuer it definita i ante Grafioncm remouere non hceat. Here in Sagibaro the word Baro appears, and ( vntill I am better inftrucled ) I fhall think that Sagibaro was one of fom kind of mean Iuftices or Of- ficers in the Countrie, before whom fomtimes caufes criminall and amendable by amercements or mulcts were heard and determined, neer like our Iuftices of Our zndTermmer forTrefpafTes. And in thisfenfe per- haps remains the names of Barons to this day in the Iudges of the Exchequer, Vor.Sagi I ghefte is made out of f$aclj or ^afte (a word known in our ancient L 1 3 laws 5 2 o z imesoj nonor. laws, aiid comming from TeHtfch or Saxon ) vfd for libertie of amerciament and giuing amends in the Court Baron anciently due to the Lord, both when the plaintifc faildin his proofe,orthe defendants wcrefub- ic6t to the A<5tion,as at this day. 0afe (faith an anci- ent afc,W esl y es~l pur eel enchefon. Our law French \ks ; enchefon ^s the prefent French their lAchoifon ; for an occafjon or opportunities and, I think, for accufation. You know the word §&afcc "is at this day with vs for Caufe. A$,for Gods fake, and the like. And C aH C a m Latine is taken anciently for a matter iudicially queltiond.Why then might not feafcebe as that defcription before is, o HtnSothig. or,as our ° Common laws fry it is,a Comfans of pleas, Br. Quo War- or libertie of amerciament, which fuppofes a Conifans y rantoi.ltin.ed. anc j r Q applied to fignifie^s.in the £enuin fenfe, it in- 3»K«'I° -i4f- rerprets Caufalcv a Controuerfie ? And that fo fhould fane Vctde «. r * lc n £ nt meaning ot gdnfiebec, is lultihed out or an EdXotifefjurU old P Eire,wherc the libertie of *2afee is allowd to c- cap.it. ucrie Lord by common right. Vnderftand eucry Lord Vjttomp. f a j.|annor. For euery Mannor hath its Court. E- .../a* tbabe^or g>acabtirtl)e(ror in all thefe forms it is wri- tcn in fom * Br aft cm ) or ^afcebcre,as Britcn hath it. r EracJJs C9- 1 think fo (till. For it was no vnfit name to call him ronacap.ii t & ^afeebere or ^accab0.:(thofecome ncereft to the right li-xritorua} % Orthographie)for Sagibaro or £a>afeebar,which profecu- i>*-^' 2 9- ted ficfh fuh agaiftfl the thicfe , asthe £>accabo; did, and to that purpofe is named ; interpreting there accufitor t oi the Man accufng or profecuting. And from that fenfe may be vnderftocd an f old Report, wherein ^ Ti*b$$&fa one Piers brought his acTion againft the Prior of M, Ms ' & fe pleint qil luy auoit dislram a fere corpcrel ferement fains efpecial ccmandement le Roy Encounter flatut &c. And the Auowrie was becauie the Prior ad fa Court en N. & Fkw de Franks flege & poet pleder ^>acrabar (plainly it is for *a>SCabflr) oh vint vn W.le Moigne^Qr auoit cmbly vn furcate & a la Jut* vn tie/ fmt attache & (fa ftlhntffement auoit emblee eel fur cote ^ad de btenrf* de mal fe mit in bons oents de la Court ^ la vole it ila- ner fait P.&lesauters veyfns fere le ferement ,P Je Coun- terdit )per ont fmt agarde que ilfuit distrain &c. De- murrer ws.s,znd(JMetinffham chief Iu{hce thus pronoun- ces his ludgement : Heme vos ad demande leaned le Prior ad cele Franchife oh non , per la ne resfmes nient % & pur ceo nous & tenous agraunt, & vcus nesles Soun tenant, naues fas dedit,ne que la hiroun ne fuit prife oue Meynouere & qu il fe mft en U Qturt de bon & mal^ ejr vous ne voiles aler a ferement $<#« Heme ne doit ef re perdue en tel cafe (perhaps pen due) fauns ferement deces 4c 2&f Titles of Honor. de la Covrt.viir ceo Agrd cesl (fcurt e^ vous ne pregnes ren per voftre breifejtns fees en la were) r-r le Prtour a Dicti. This deriuation of it feems much more probable then that from ^ikccbejjjl), which fome haue; .Tthough t Siuonhm I know in the old laws of l Scotland our featarbcrg Att.uh.cap.\.& is exprciTely writcn in ihe printed books §5>tUcr- bojgb, ioo.^videfis which fignifies a fare fledge. But the proper prolccu- ? cn ? UnE ! m tion of ^al50bf re in this fcnfe,was,before pledges could '* ' be fcAind ; and indeed was he trm followd when the guikic part was took with the main-auer{fk\\t isboilD* rjabctlD^hauing the thing ftolne in his hand) which we corruptly now fhle to bee taken with the u m inner. muEd.i.foL They v ^ tor tms a ^° bacfebcrrtlt) /.bearing it on his i7./;. & paflfim back, in like fcnle and words as £«- *W&epp is mongft in ltinere Canty the Greeks. And it may be doubtrd that &iker bo^al) 6.€d.i.Ms.ma- hath crept of later time, and by fome Criticall mifra- leigicur,8tri- ]<;„„ j nt0 t hc Scotijb laws, for this £>akebere or Ri- dicule Manno- , °' r , , : r , ■ r ,, pcrcyocabu- v ancientlyjt feems, for plaint fe or appellant. I lumilluJ haue fecn thofe which otherwife think, but they per- tranflatum fwade mee nor. In like fit perhaps the old German quoitamcnAn- * Bari?ildt,wherc fuch as being charged with recounts ttqmtuserafm vpon % ccipt f tnc Crown rcuenur of fubfidies , had rot.2. thence their name. For OciD or d?UD is (among other *Adminc.Ca- f?g liftcatrons) a payment or Tax or Tribute. But this tvljf. apud piftas fomwhat out of the way. After thofe ancient laws the apudBignon. c \d c {\ autoritie of this, name vld for Aden generally, is X j^ adVCt ' »ft a French * ({one. Bftrgundut Baroncs(ihc words arc) x Append Grci. tam E-pifi ?* %&*** eaten leudes timentes Brumclddem Turtnenf.fme &c.'\.The Men of Burgundie^as rvJl Ttijkopt >u vtljcr of hb.i\.cap.\i. the Common people. For (o Leudes fignincs. And anci- ently with vs here,the Citi7cns of London were cal!d Barones Lou ion. Cum impojp bile fit (f;ith an r>Id Mo- nument touching thc pleas of thc Crown held at the Tower, for thc Citie) B r§mbm & v-nuerfis t London aliunde trar.fr e in pLtcrtu ("orona, quam per Mf*> nus Be -is & Itfliciirurum JH.ri.m^Nicijje ft Bar< nibus & Second part. %6$ & ambus vmH$rfis,gratiant & beneuolentiam eorum cap- tare. And in a Writ of Y Dower brought for lands in y Ptaeit.Hill. the Subuxbs yVeninnt CMaiores & alij Baroncs London, ii-HM^.ret. et dicunt quod hoc Jpetlat ad Ctmmunitatem Ctnitatis^ I2 " petunt libertatcm fttam,& habent. So z Tarones de Fe- 2 Rot.chuf.t, tterjhamiznd at this fay, ihz Barons of the Cinque Ports. Ed.i.mmb',6. And more fuch are in Records and Stone , of thcfe times. Neither did Baroncs lb fignific other wife then in later time Homtnes of fuch a Town,which is very fre- quent and euery where. Now a* Comes, be' OWarchio i & Comes (fay they) feudum dare pojfunt.qni proprie Regni vel Regis Capitanei dicun- tur , andalfo Valnafores maiores,oi whom more anon. But as Capitanetu and Valuafor was alfo appropried to fpeciall Dignities beneath a Count , fo alfo Baron hath been. Thefc Tides indeed all three being allowd, fpecially as the greateft for diftinc'tion, to fuch as ha- M m uing 166 Titles of Honor, uing Territorie and Iurifdi&ion (or droit de To/ice, as the French call it ) were notwithftanding not to bee honord with any of the fuperior : Whereupon that of a Adc.Uno* Baldiu a is, that a Baron is he which hath Merum'& tnit.tit.de E- Miflum imp cr mm in cattro ahquo fiue oppido ex conceffio- kttione. Ke tprixcipu. And fuch, beeing at fi ft only, whofe te- nures were immediat from the Crown, haue long (Ince ceafed in France. And its anciently affirmd in their Grand Couftumier that of this kind there were then but three in all France: that is Bourfon,Coucj/,and Beanieu^ which as the other before like them, no longer now remain with the name and r ubftanceofthat former Title. By the fublhnce, I mean their being immediat Tenan- cies of the Crown,or as we fay in Chief. And (that wee may once admonifh fo ) a Tenure cf the Crown is when its of the King as he is King, and pcrfonall : but cfthe King only, is when its of him by rcafonof fome Seigncurie cfcheated 5 or by fern other means com to his han is, as by enheritance or the like. But when in the fuperior Dignities, rights of Soueraintic were, for the moil part,all the true ancient Baronies became fubiecfr vnder thofe vfurping Dukes, Marqucflcs, and Counts, cr els got to thcmfclues as great Titles. And then they , ad the other Dukes and Counts , ss a point of Soucrai: tie , alio made Barons vnder thcm- fclues , known by that name , and vpon difToluti- on of thofe ancient Diikcdoms, and Counties (wher- of aheadie) thofe inferior Baronies became to be held of the King/but not as of the Crown , and fo at this day continue in all France. Wh; nee it follows (as L- Ojfeau obfenics) that Barons there now nre all (as Ba- ron is a fpeciall Title ) mtdiocres Seigneurs , becaufe none of the ancicnteft and firit kind remain,but all are as part or Tenancies of the revnited Dukedoms or Counties. Thus then the word Baro flgnifying a Man (as fvtne will a Free-man ) and alio applied to a Ser- uant Second part. i6y uant or minifter 5 became in the Empire and in France to denote a Dignitieand Seigneurie. Its vfd in Picar- die at th ; s day (as alfo in our Common laws)for zhuf. band^xz&\y therein agreeing pcthaps with Vir i. Man and httsband&ut its noted that in the Cufioms of Pi- cardie and elfwhere often occurrs, que la femme a fon • man a Baron t \\\)\cr\ L'Oyfeau interprets, that the Wife is in mantt foteslate^ Viri. taking Baron there as it fig- nifles a Dignitie or fuperior power. But if a fem ; nin exposition fhould bee vpon that text , its more likely that Baron Aiould be taken for a Scruant or Minifies fo that the Wife might be Maftcr or MiftrcfTe. Here twixtMan and Wife J abftain from iudgmcnt.But vvith- all remember the vfe ofifrartl or i5etrt in our North parts for a Manehild as it refpecrb the Sex: and an old Mctrique Tranflacion hath i^cli IBttmt tljat mgfyt i* gan Sntfeerc&of&ri&eftiiuuT. ' For bleffed is the Man &c.hx\d C£l)eQ?!be02N and <£fje* Oilman in old laws of this Kingdome arc the fa:re • both Signifying an Ignoble man 9 and meaneft Yeoman. The Grecians ofbte time writ.jhis name Mwpwi One Count Albert is calld a M;repanciently writen alfo Thegn j>egen. Meurf. in GU/f. Oftheir Thanes axe two forts remembeid in King Kncnts Gr*co-barbaro. « laws. Cynin^ r \e%w» and meomeria J^en.i. The c z ., Lcp Ca^u Kings Thanes and a Mean Thane, Somtimes called cap.ty* Thegen&o'zityzn i.T h^ne^ndvnder Thane .The old trans- lation of the Saxon calls \\\tVnder thane ox MeanThane Mediocris H0w0.fomtirr.cs Homo liberalise Of them and other Dignities vnder our Saxons , an old a Fragment a Ap.Lmk'm thus: T&* *>*/># »/ the fee pie were (peenffcipe pyjij>0 ltnttra*Gmty* M m % wr- 268 Titles of Honor worfiip worthy euery one in his 'rankj Eojll *} Ccojil, ^5 gn *} ^cScooen i. Earle .Churl ffijane, and Underthane % *And %f 4 Churle (calld fomtimes CtjerlBian , which, c Mercleg. °ld autoricie makes the fame with VilUnm ; as ViU wrf.lauap.i. linos is a poore feruile Townfman,and vnderftood in • the Statut of Merton,cap t y n. differing from Burgenfis only as Villa from "Burgas - t not as our law now vfes f Qux fcruos it for f Serum, or a b, ndflauc ) thriud, that hee had inter &V'iUc- full) fine Hides of his own land \a Church and a Kitchm 9 Tzweratapud a Bclhoufe and (Bujigear) Gate ( I haue thought that Saxoncsno ros might interpret it a free paiTaee or rcfort to: rerlc videreeftin 1 pnocjmorei * Rosm and distinct Office m the Kings higulph Notit'u Hall, then was he thenceforth a J>^£cn Ji'gHr<-)7eori]je i. Abbatia: as a Thane. And if a Thane fo thrtued that hee jcrued Crowlanden- t fo e x?ng,and rode on his Journey as of his family, and if he then had a Thane mongfl his fellowes that to the kings tax for Adsrtiall expedition ( the Saxon is ro Cyngej* lirpjie) had fue Hydes of land chargeable, and hadfer- ued his Lord in the Kirgs Court (on Cyogf)'* )"tx?e)and had gone thrice to the King on his Lords errand, Hee (\. this leffe Thane or Vnderthane) might afterward, doing his fealtie (mio hi J* b r j:^n j>e) play his Lords part at any g v.Conjt.Fo- need. And if a Thane/* thrtued that he became an Eorle tj he was thenceforth 04 an Eorle. And if a Marchant()s\zy- yejie) fo thriued that hee pajfed thrice ouer the wide Sea of his own Craft , he was thenceforth a Thane. For the better vndeftanding of thisMonument,a word or two. What an Eorle wa ,alrcadie. Touching the Thanes (by that name ) I adde that the diuifion of Them is ex- prefTcly alfo in other of K.Cucuts h laws, into Thanes hConJlitSorcfl. and j cffc T h aneJm Sint tarn deinceps (faith he) quatuor 'ex liberahoribus Hommtbus cjm habent fahas Juas debt* i Non Lcfpe- *** confuetudines,^uos Angli y ."genjr appellant. So you gendvipcr- muR read, and not Pagened as the print is corrupted. perammvul- Then fat fait cjuoltbet horum quatuor ex medtocrtbus ho- Vm^!* minibus fluos Angh j les fccgenr (Ucffc Thanes , which elf- Second part. 269 clfwhere is anciently tranflated alfo by mediocre sh omi- nes)nuncHpant y Dam vero yong men vacant, lecati^ui cur am & onus turn fir 'idis turn Vener 'is fttfctpiant. Of thefe the firft foure Teem to haue been as tbofe which later time haue ftiled Verderors of the Feresi , and the other foure as Reaardors. This laft foure had nothing to do with admimftration of Iuftice in the Fore;}, but were as leffe Thanes , beneath in d'gnitie to the firft called Thanes generally ; yet were rankt in the comprehen- Hue name of Eoldormen i which either were, as mongft thefe , of a farre different note and worth from thofe fpoken of in the Chapter of Counts* or els the inftru- c\ing teftimonie is inefficient. Its words are thus: In admimflranda Iuslitia (fa th K. Cncuts k Conltitution ^ Conftit.Tt- of thofe foure leffe Thanes ) nmlatentu volo vt tales fe refl.§.i.&n m intromit tant wedi&cre'ffa tales pofi Ferarum Curamftifcep. tam.pro Liberalibm femper habeantur^qnes Dant Ealder- men appellant. Plainly the E^ldotman, which was for Shirife,and is fometimes called Comes , was of much better place, and (by his place) dignitie then a Thane. For in Athelfians laws an Ealdcrmam worth is ac- counted eight times as much as a Thanes. Therefore how can thofe Officiate Ealdermen or Shirifes be the fame with thefe Ealdermen here , which are benca h Thanes? I do as much fufpedt the text, ss think that Ealdermen was a general! name for thofe liberates there fpoken of. Yet alfo, as Aldermen are now in Cities at:d Corporations, they are 1 affirmd to haue been in the J v kg. Con ft f. Saxon times* But I confcfTe I dare net with certainty fins edit., i affirm hereof any thingjVntill I know more. But, that Lam ' wr ^* Alderman was, fince;the Normans i extended much fur- ther then to thofe of Corporations or the hke^ppe^rs both in the name giuen to a petit Officer in fom Man- ners, and alfo ( if I deceiue not my felf ) in an old m ^ la cU.ap. Roll of'" ff^.m.where of an Eire held at Chichtfler, „„JT?' tne pieicmtncnts are, out of euery Hundred, fet vnder ^ * M m 3 his 27° Titles of Honor. his Rape,andouer cuery Hundred is writen ( before the Iurors ) Alder, luratornm with a name prefixt, then EUElores Ixratorum with two names, and next thePre- fentors. What iAU(;rl\s\{ not yHdermannm y \ hauenot yet at all vnderftood.Touching the Hydes of land there fpok:n of: Diuers are the opinions of the quantity of *Homden d lrt 2 * H y de > fome makc k a * hundred Acres, others (and /o/44/.poft " vv ^^ c ^ ern our Monks vfually concurre in their Sto- iilorumTur- rics)the fame wich zCarue,th*z is a Plough land.Whac bam,quide the certainty is, I could not yet fatisfic my felf. But hac re. ics plain that the ancient Taxes and Subfidies extraor- dinarily paid to the Crown, were chiefly leuicd by Hydes,and are calld Hydagia or Hydagium; a wordvfd in K.Edreds Charter to the Abbey of Cropland dated DCCCCxLvlii. where the print of Ingulphxs hath falfly Hydagrofoi Hydagio. By Hydes chiefly the land of the Kingdome was reckond in T^omcfday % and the Aides taken in the infancie of the Norman State here, was Hydage. Euc y one knows fo,that knows the (to- il VeAcq.Rex. ries of that time. Sunt (faith n Grafton) qudtdam com- Dom.lib*i.cap* manes prdjlationes^ua, fertiitia non dicuntur^ nee d.e con- xtf.§.8. faetudine venimt ntfe ctan nccejfitas inter ttcner it % vel cum Rex venerit y fictit funt Hidagia, Coraana{(o is the print; I would willingly read Foragia t feruing well for the Kings proui(ion,as in the Empire anciently Fedrttm)& Caruagia > & alia, flura de necejfitate & ex cortfenfuc cm- mum Totim Regni introdutta. Here hee makes a diffe- rence of Hydagia and Caruagia y whence it fhould fol- low that Hyde and Carue arc different. And fo will it appeare plainly that they a;c, if you but obferue that tranferipe of part of Domefday, inferted by Ingulph in hisftorie of (^rovoUnd. That Cumagiurn is.alfo Caruca* ffium. Eodcm tempore (futh Matthew Par/^fpcaking o( Hex.m.) cdtpit Rex Caruca^ium, fcilicet duas marca* de Caruca ad marttagium forcris Ju& IfabelU. She was to be married to Fredcrique 11 .who had for hir porti- on Second part. 271 on xxx. cid. Maiks. But,wha:foeuer a Hyde properly was,tefolJC of two things touching it. Firrt.that it was not alike in all places, but,as a Yard land at this day, very vncertain,varying according to cuftom of Coun- tries^ indeed the Acre doth a fo. Sccondiy 5 thatit was anciently the chief note of extraordinarie Taxation, and that land fubie£t to thofc fl-ccia 1 Pr£ftation/s (as Bra- tion calls them) was named Bydata^nd wh3t wasdif- charged, non By data. For teftimonie,receiue this out of a very ancient Court book,belongin°heretofore to the Abbey of Ramfey ^nd now in my hands. Jnqmfitiofa- tU Q apud Cr an fend die fabbati proximante fesium San- o Temp.Hcn^ .Hi ff.lentini Anno Dcmim Ranulphi Abb At is xiiu.fu- per Terram Hydatam & non Hydatam tarn hbercrum quam VdUnorum & [ernicia eorum & confuetudtnes per Robertum filium Katerinf, Sy:non de la Buine, Ricar- dum ad Ecclefiam &C.' . u Dicunt quodnefciunt quot ti- er* faciunt Virgatam quia aliquando xLviil.rfO-* fla- unt Virgatam & aliquando pauciores. Quatptor Virgatae faciunt Hydam. Dominicum non eft Hy datum* Perfana tenet Terram fed nefcitur qHantam.Nil.il inde facit Do- mino Abb at t. Quia eft Eleemofyna non *#Hydata,\Vil!el- mus le Heire tenet dimidiam Virgatam de ant iquo feoffa- mente dat Hydagit:m cum enener it, nihil a hud fa- f/V.Ricardustfk la Bu ne tenet vnam Virgatam dat Hydagium quantum fertinet ad Virgatam^um euenerit ; and thus cf diuers : where leiTe parcelh then a Hyde, pay, according to their quantise, Bydage. Then fol- lows: Terra qua, [tint excra Hydam, & qua non dant Hydagium, with a catalogue of diuers tenants names, lands^and tenures, and fubfeription of Non da Byda- gium^ncc facit forinfecum ; and it feerrs that all ofthem were fuch as had difcharge of Hydage by claymi g vndcr the fciiinof the Abbots,afterthe Jirmunitie gran- ted. But at a Court holdcn there not long after , ihe j>reiemment was cxprelTcly,/«Cranfeild funt xu.Byda, vna 271 Titles of Honor. vna Virgata & dimidia, & vna Cotland , qudt continet Tertiam partem vmus Virgata prater ^Domimcum Curia t quod/ion fckur quantum continent. Sic computatur quan- tum ad Abbatem* Tota enim Vtllata cum Dominico com- putatur quantum ad Re gem pro x Hjfdis, Quatuor Virgata faciunt Hydam.xLVii 1. Acra faciunt Virgatam. So that by their account exc 11. Acres made a Hyde. I offer this to conlideration tbout the Hyde,and leauingwhat others haue fpoken of it,but to no iufficientfatisfac'ti- on,I, for this place, alfo leaue it. Some other matters in that Saxon fragmcnt,ingeniouflyI acknowledge,paiTc my conceit ; nor can I yet vnderftand them. Thofe Thanes are in old Charters comprchendcd(if I deceiue not my felf ) vnder name of Afw//?r*,and Mtnis~iri ( Re- gis. In the fubfeription to K.Edreds, to the Abbot of Crowland^er the Lords fpirituall, the Eerles y anegn,being tru- ly interpreted by Mmtfier 9 ot Sermens , whence in the Princes word 3(c SDtetl is,forIc )>c£n l Ego feruto. They Were calld alfo Tanij . In Dome] day : Tanius vel Mi- les Regis Dominic us moriens y pro Releuamentt dimttte- bat Regi omnia arma fua^cfr equum vnicum cum Sella or ahum fine Sella . Vnderftand of the Kings Thanes in Bark^fbire only ; and note that Releuamentum is there only for the Saxon Hericgca*c,as our Heriotfx** Payment or Second part. 27$ or T>utU to the Lord, Its commonly affirmd that be- foic the Normans the name of TS^ron was not in vfe here. I WilJ not bee againft it, although, in K. Cnttts Jaws of the VoxzlkficcurvSiEpifcip^Abkater, &' Barones non calumniabuntHr pro venatione t fi non Regales /eras occiderint. And, notwithstanding that in the Qonfeficrs laws 'Barents are To reckond alfo after Comites t 1 im- pute both thefe tefhmonies to later time and tranfla- tion out of Saxon into Latin vnder the Normans^s al- fo that of the fame Kings laws. cited by moft learned Camden (to this purpofe) in thefe words : Exercttuale V\tot\\* ftue Baronis Regit, qui eft froximus ei , quatuor Z^w.Vnderftand by Exercituale ,a Heryot.But the Saxon or chat rcmams,and fpeaks in this manner.AnS j^yfban p Cynning-f ^egaef Hepegeare c5e him nihpse pn- p LegXanuti oon mi. hojiye : of winch that Latin is euenavcr- ca P- 6 9> bal interpretation. In our Englifh thus : t/4nd let the JJeryot of the Kings Thane that is neereft to him be IV. Hor/e. And whereas Florence of Worcester fpeaks of one Adelvoald vnder K.Edward fonne to Alfred t by the name of (JWimsler\R{gis,Henrjr of Huntingdon exprefly calls him Baro ^gis. Thefe conclude the idcntitie of Thanes and Barons, in name. It next follows with a cleerer paflagcto fliew what our Norman Barons were. When the Conqueror fubieded moft lands in the king- dome to Mihtarie and Honorarie Tenures , as in ma- king hereditarie Earls ; he likewife inuefted others in fmaller Territories.with bafe iurifdi$ion»and they were Barons,a: d had their Courts called Court Barons ^whence, that name to this day,remains,as an Incident to euay Mannor.Becaufe,fuch as had not the dignitie of Count, yet had fpeciall Territories w ; th iurifdi&ion giuen them, of part whereof they enfeoffe others to hold of them, as they of the King, generally vere filled Barons, or the Kmgs 2for>*f,prouided that their lands and Man- nors were of fufficient reuenuc and qualitie to m^ke N n what 274- Titles of Honor* what was accounted a Bar<^ iCjwhich was rwi.knights Tees, and a Third pirt, whereof mo:e anon where wee fpeak of Knights. So ihat iheir Honor was notinthofe ancient limes giucii by Writ orPatent,but earned Cen- fa or from their pofleffions , and Tenure. When the beginning ol this value of a Baonie was, 1 fi id not, but plainly it was fince the J^(frma9ts;^ikd $ it feems 3 as Men of the better ftnk and Citizens ( as before is fhewd) were generally called Bar ones , as they were Homines or Tenentes , fo fomC more ipcchlly henord by the Kings Bountie with io many Knights Fees>or poflciling as much (I think) by mefnc tenures, were accounted for Honorarie and Parlamentarie Barons. Where note how the Dignitie differed from the gene- rail name. An old Treatife thus iuftifies it : Itcmfijm- moneri & venire debent (ad Parlamcntum)w#*w & fiu guli Comites,Baro cs,o?' ecrum Pares,fciltcet till qui ha* bent Terras ad Vaientiam C omit at us wteari. videlicet vi- gtnti feodx vmus mil it is , quo It bet feodo cemputato /id vi- gmtv libratas qua, faciunt Quadringentas hbratas , in vel ad valcnti&m vmus Baronia? integre videlicet trefdeeim feoda & tertiam partem vmus feodi {JMUitis quolibet feodo compute. to ad vinnti lilratas , qua facmnt in toto Gfaadnngentai Marcos, & nulh minor es Latci fammoneri^ nee venire debent ad Parli amentum rations Tenure fax mfi eorum prcfentia alijs de faufis jucrit viilu vel ne- cejfaria ad P 'arhamentt/m.Tlvs is one . f the Modus Te- nendi Parliament urn } qui recitatus fait (as the title isjcfl- ram Wilhelmo Duce NtrmannU Qcnqucfl^re & Rcge t/fng/iAjtpfe Conqucftore hoc frdcipietitt,& per ip'um ap- probate & fats Temporibm y cj- etiam Tempt ri bus fuccef- forum faorum Re gum Anglia t//7/^/r*'.Buttruft not to its pretended Antiquitic* It cannot be of the Conquerors age. Many men haue copies of it, but none hath euer been feen very ancienr. Yet it proucs, that fince the Normans fXL fuch 3S had the xiii. Knights Fees, and a third Second part. zj$ third patt,were Peers to Barons , and vpon the matter Talons ; that is, to be fommond to Parlament. And 1 gheife,that the di(tin<5tion of Barons ^nd Pares Baro* mmjs as much as if you fhould fay,fuch as being im- niediat tenants to the King , of that worth, were the Kings Barons,and fuch as had alike poiTeffions.but not honord with an immediat Crown Tenure,were,as thole Kings Barons, to be in Parlament : as in Rome the Eqmtes illHs~kresj.fcc\\ as pofldt a* Senators welch, had faire hope of being Senaiors,and wore the latus clonus of SenatorSjWerc q fan y cum SenatonbuSygradu, Which V.Lipf.com- makes mce think (but with doubt) that before Henry ment.adTaat. in.as well Barons * of Earls (if of like worth) as the Anmliuwm. Kings Barons came aU to Parlament. For not only the Jf« Counts Palatine had their Barons to attend on them *^ r f b amd ^ 1 in their Courts ( whereof fee the learned CUrenceulx in his Chefiire) But,alfo other Earls,and by that name. Wdlulmus Comes Glocettrig Daptfero fm & Omnibus Baronibus fuis & homimbus Francis & Anglis faint em, faith a Deed, in my hands,of WMi«m Earl of Glocesler vnder Henry n. And nothing is more common in old Charters ot Earls of thofe times 3 then Omnibus Baroni- bus^AiUttibtiSyHominibujfy meis 9 Yih\ch I would tranflate to all my tenants of whole Baronies/o all fitch as hold of mee by Knights fee nice, and to my other Tenants.^ either was the title oi Prince due to any (by ancient opini- on) which had not fome Barons vnder him.Yet Earls and all aboue them are clecrly Princes. Therefore in the r Concord twixt Lewhe/m Prince of Wales, and £4?- , . , r g ward i iiu e Barons about Snotvdon ,zwd their Homages ham.A.in%. were ryferu'd to Lewhclm.qma fe Principem connemen- f Via.dt.apud tcr vocare non poJfet 3 niJi fub fe aliquos Barones haberet ad Thcokcsb.ro- vitamfuam. And the King had Barones fuos,(o diftin- J'tfwW.deRa- guifln. An o'd f Record: Dommw Rex mandauit Petro ,^YTJ Cn " de Riualhs,^«0d mitteret ei TVdlieimttm I ilium crHe- ro t\,indorC. tedem Iohannjs de B:et»fe/0 quod debmt cjfe Barofmts^ Suffix. N n 2 & 2j6 Titles of Honor, & Memo fftus ad Nutriendum in Domo fu4. And Ba- rones ~Reau & tpfius Archi-pifctpi atq 3 illcrum Epijcopo* i inpr*f.i i T> rHm homines muiti are rememberd in an old plea c vn- Ed.Co^ead ^er the Conqueror between Lanfrank^ ArchbiOiop of Commentary. Canterbury, and Odo Bifhop of B.ty #A\Thetfore in the Grattnd Charter you read Si cjuis Comitum y vel Baronum nestrortiWy fine alt rim tenentmm de Nobis &c. bec^ufe then were ther diners Barons which were not imme- diac Barones Regis, yet, ac that time, perhaps Par* lamentarie : where alio is confirmd that value of a Ba- ronie at cd. Marks yeerly reuenue ; the Relief ofche Kings r B.ron)ott\ g by anc ; ent cuftom of England c. Marks. For the Relief is allies in the Dignities of this State,the fourth part of the Reueni'e,as cucryyong Student knows,and istoucht in the Chap er of Counts. Yet note that as touching B irons and Counts that cuitocn was not till KJ^hn (when the Grand Charter was full made) or K.H.xry 1 1 1 .his time. For De B^ Tta • r^j-(fith *QUn*il writing o( Reltefs vnder Hen,j i .) CeYitaf.ViburU nihil certum flatutum efl quia, iux:a wluntatcm & ?ni- enfis in Dialog, ferkordiam Domini %egis jolent Baronif CtpitaJes , de deScaaano. Rcleuijs fuU* Domino Regi fotisfacere. Where, obferue the diltin&ion ofJ?*ronut Ctpitales from fuch as wee of like po{ieiTions,bnt Tenants an -1 parous toiubiecls. And it might be collected, that v» tiW by this propor- tion ot Relief, brought to a certaintie, and grounded vpon the value of a Knghts tie ( the Relief whereof was by Common law certain ) the «uft« ^cl number of Knights Fees for a B^rome ^as not v' KM |tthrfle*ftt cf ftegalie Wilz& fafc,an& all tlje Barome CTtojftipo toas in l)i0 efiate. and.an old* Romanc of the French : z Chzrcland fattcbet d Orig. De Cottrtoife & de Bernage liure i.cbap.^ Ot tl ajfez, en fon ccurage> Where Bernage (for 'Baronage) is taken(faith Fanchet) N n 3 for z 7 8 Titles of Honor \ for Noblefie 1 perhaps rather for Humanitie, Butfom- times Rex & Tlaronagutm fuum , is for the King and 4/I his fubietts , or the whole Parlament reprefenting them. And fo it comes from Baron as it interprets a CMan or Tenant ; as if you fhould (*y y Rex & Homi- nes fut. Out of this difcourfe is vnderftood alfo why euery Lord of a Mannor hath his Court Baron,and why our Piea in the Common^law, of Hors de [on Fee, is a Mich.^.td.t. exp:elt m a ancient time by Hors de ZJoflrc B^ronte ; fol.66.MsAm. and how a Tenure per Baromam might then bee of a Tcmp.Kib'ioth. f u biecl,aa alio what is b tenere per Baromam &: per par- ed. yValion tem Baroni that when cuery one had by his reucnue of c c cc. Marks a place in Pariament as a Baron,they were very numerous. Whereupon Hen.\\\ m after his peace made with Simon of Alert fort and his fa6\\on i Siatuit & ordtnamt ( as out of an ancient, the learned Clarcncculx cites ) quod cmnes Hit Com: res & Barones Regm AnglU cjuibtu ipfe Rex dign.it us c's't Srt* uia fummomtioms dinger c vewrent ad P jyi imentum (uum t & non ali] nifi fcrte Dominns Rex alia tliis Brema dt- ngere volmjfet. This was in xi vi 1 i.Hen.i 1 i.And the cChuf.AQ.Hen. anciemeft fommons of Pailamcnt now remaining l.mcrr.b.$.part. mongft the Records is in the c y^er following. Butwe i« hiiic Statues and Parlamcnts of elder time, as thai of the Second part. zyp ibe G^^t Orrter firfl made in the xvn. of K. John at a Parlament (^t what was in thofe troubled times, as one) held in Rumngmed y between Star.es and #W- fir xv. of Iune,and that at UMertcn in xx.of Hr«. nr.. to omit the Teftunon.es of the Saxon WfCQCiiagffnotxf or Micil j-ynr.o f£ (as they calld them) and the Parl- aments held vnder the Normans of ancienter time, as the i .-and 1 i.i^w-^wheseof our Stories enough. And in thofe Parlaments, as is flic wed, fo many Barons as would (by Barons I vuderfland here all the Greater No- bilitie) after notice of the Kings purpofe ; cameand fate with him ; whereof,bccaufe an example is in the more obfeure Rolls of thofe times,and fince the Grand Char- ter giuiug Irghc a 1 to fome old p iTages of our Com- mon-Iavts, becing (ul fcribed with particular names of Barons then auditing, and as yet neuer publiflit trrly out of the Record , the fault of DigreiTion,I fuppofe, will be as none,if I corrmunicat the forme as it fpeaks. In a plea Roil in the Tower, the bundle thus titled : P/aata aptud Thcc>ke&buriamttr*jw W.^ Ralegh,^ 6W- fredo dc Crauwecumbe ante Penteco$~len,anno Regis Hen. rici E. Re? is lohanr.is xvin.is found ; f Prom'um eft r M , I Plici cor cm Domino Re (re, slrchu >prfc epo Cantitaritnfi, Epifccpis 9 u e ^ jrol Ccmitibtt* i BarorabHS.& alijs Adagnatdus & CcnfLio D?- apudfPWfow- mini Regis (by (fonfilittm . D.R. vndesfland the Judges, naftirium* which in the yeers of Ed. in. often occurrc by the name of Counfel du Roy) quod nulla sljfija capiat urVl. ttma prcjentationts de Catrro de Ecclefrs prebcndU , n?c de prebenda (This of Prebends is falfly vnder xy^Hcn. III. in fom of oit g Books) lttm codem. die prom jam g K).H.%.nt % eft coram eifdcm quod imnes viri Reltgirji quiutnef font Vtrrjfrtfent. C~ qui babent ecclejias farechiales in proprios vfu^habe- *3- F "**.M*f U\\ EccLfi* ■ Crc.Q* voccntur Per for* a in bread tit ftut c> (Un- ci, 28 o Titles of Honor \ ci , exceptis Scclefijs conuentualibus & ear urn feodis t de i Ita Iudicatu quibus nulla hutujmodi l sljfif* capi4ntur t And in the eftP.if.Hffl.3 f am c Roll on the backfide. Die Jouu proximo pcfi ft- BrattMb.i.tm- p m Sant}l j) lony ru Mno Bcqis Hcnrici FilU R. Iohan- caf. prions de nis XVI1 l * coram Domino Rege Qr a jubjriptis , prouijum Liwet & G\\-f mt & concejfum a Domino Rege & a fubferiptis omnibus bati de Aqui- & alijs^uod de catero cum t«lis Br.sl. rdta obijeiatur alu "• cui in Curia Domini 'T^egis.qu.d natiufuit ante matrimom nium coKtractum inter pat rem fa urn &matrem fuamjnit- tatur loquela ad Epifcopum loci ad inquirendum ,vtrum ta- lis natus fuit ante preditlum matrimonumvelpofi Jta quod in mquificione ilia cejfet om/is appellatio y ftcHt in fmphciBa* fiardia y de qua placitum tranjmijfum erit ad Curiam Chri- fltanitatis , it a quod nulla appellatio wde fiat extra Reg- num. Et ideo de Cetero ita teneaturfam de illis>de quibus Indicium eft ft ciendum in Curia Domini R'gis, quam de placiHs^qua mndum incipiuritur, cum talis btjtardia obijei- atur. All this is in Br aft on y but as if it were part of k Vidtstat. tnc Statue of k Mcrton\t being indeed two yeers be- fclcrtoru^.?. fore. And how it differs from the Common law in la- ter times, euery one fees , which knows that fpeciall Baftardie is triMcper Pais % ard not by the Ordinaries certificat. The fame of Darratn prefentment i & Juris V- trum, which is in the firft fide of the Roll* is here a- gain in f me different wcrds, but the fame fubltance, addcdjWith fubfeription of E.Cant.Archieptfcepus Epifcopus Carleolenfs R. Ciccfirenfis Domini Epifcopus Herefordenfis Regis Cancellaritis. Epifcopus Roffen/fs* R.Dunelmenfs Epifcopus Comites. Epifcopu s El ie ftps R . Com . Cor nubia & P h Epifcopus Norwicenfs Uauia, Epifcopus Londmenfis G .Comes Marefc alius, Eptfcopus B-itbontcKJis J .Com. Lincoln/a. Epifcopus Exonienjis lV.(fom}Varrema* LCom> Secondpart. zSi J.Com.Ceftrid. fV.Comdf Ferrartjs. Th.Com.Warwici, H.Com.KancU H.de fer Com.OxonU. Simon de CMonteforti. He was then Earle of Leicefler but not fo there named. Radulphus de Thony Thilippusde Albiniaco. Radulphus Filius Ni- cholai. Herbertus filius Matthci . i.Marefcallus. Galfi'edus de Lucy. Richardusde Argentine. Hugo Difpenfator. Wdhelmus de Say. Willielmus Batdolf. Wdhelmus de Cantelupo fenior. JVdlielmus <& Cantelupo Iunior. Ricardus Si ward. Cjodefride dt Crauw- cumbe. Almaricus ^S.Amando Bertram de Curia. Sngelard de Eigongny. Robertas de Muchegros. Rad.de Paunton. Herberts de Lucy. Ricardui filius Hugo- nis. How thefc names are corrupted in Brallon.his printed 1 copie fhews. But hec exprelTely and well calls all of j ve Exeeptio. tbefe fubferibed, Barons, This by the way. After that nibm lib.^cap, Conftitution vndcr Henry ill. which his fonne Ed- i?.§.i. wxrd i.ind his continued fucceftbrs more fpecially ob- ferued,none haue been accounted Birons (as honora- rie) but fuch as haue been fo called by Writ to Par- lament (of what reuenue foeuer they bee ) or created into that Dignitie by Patent. But Creations by Patent were not in vfe till Richard i i # who firft made John of Beauchamp of Holt ; Steward of the Horfhold 3 Ba- ron of Kidcrmmslcr by a Charter in xi.of his raign. The Patent m thus : . Sciatic quod , pro bonis & gratuitis feruitiis^qut, dtletlus & fidelis Miles nos~ler Io- hannes de Beauchamp de Holt Senefcallus Hosfitij no* ftyifiobis impcndit y ac loco per ipfum tempore Coronaiionis nofir*. bucua, impcnfis^ quern pro Js^obts tenet e poteritin o futurum m rtt.ii.Kkb, z.parui.mcmb. 28* Titles of Honor, n ii.Ed.ifol. fol.tfi.a. tf.Sd. mcntavius per partem folum- modo Bxroni parium ac Ba r onum Regni noslri Anghz prtfecimus^Om lentes quod idem Iohanncs & h&rcdes mafculi de Corpo- re [ho excmtcs ftatum Baronis obtineant ac Domini de Beauchamp & Barones de Kidcrminfter r.uncupentur : In cuius &c. T.Rege apud Wodcltock i c. Oclobr is. The Law hath been fince taken,that 'Baron or not B.irjn(z$ Dukj or Not Dukf; and fo of the other created Ti- tles by Record) is triable only by Recoid,ind not by the Country. Whereas anciently when their Reucnue and poffeflions gaue the Name,or made them Barons, it might bee triable by the Countrie. Yet in ancient time after Hen. m, the Tenure n per Baromam, was in Pa^lamcntarie Batons fpecially icfpcc"tcd > and perhaps till the forme of Creation by Patent came in vfe,none we:e('T few) calleJ to ParJament , but fuch as held per Bxroniam, or (as Briton calls it) en B^ronie, which after that of Hen* m. very likely is to bee alwayes taken for Buroni* Capitate, 2nd immediat of the King, Neither was it likely thru he would fommon any but his own (the King*) Barns : as ar this day all the Parlamenrarie ac. When they are at firft fummond or crcaredjthcir denominating Teirit rie is alwaies fome Lordiliip or Mannor « which fufficientfy tafts of their ancient being. And .hofe two courfes only of rraking them a-e at this day in vfe ; which notwithftanding is to bv? vnde (Uod of Lay Barons, or Lords Tempo- rail, For,the Lords or Barons Spititual] hauc not now this Ho^.or fo much perfonal^as feudally nd by reafon of their Tunporalties, being Baronies. They had not (faith Stanford a moft learned Iudge of the Common law) their names ratione Nobtlttati-s.fed ratione Ojfjci/ ; and indeed ratione Baromarum qua* de Rcge tenent. So that in them 'Baro & Baroma ( mcerly as it was , in moft Second part. 28$ moft ancient time,taken) concurre as Conivgata; which in Lay men before that Constitution of Henry i i r. had like becing. Thefe Spiritual! Lords now are only B flops. Heretofore there were cf them both Abbots and Triors 5 but all B (hops were euer Parlamentaric Batpns,not all Abbots and Priors* To fome only was that allowd and mongft them the Ptier of 5. lobns of lerufalem was Ttrimns ° Baro Arglix^nd Froijfart calls o Umitnta. him Le grand Priour d\ingle-t:rre dn Temple. But in the Rolls fomtime arc many of them fummond which elfwhere are as often omitted* And in that of xlix. Hof r,zcc(F\ue> r Baron i ncT is any co-mtnf.Kut- diftinA D'gnitie,as appears by a cafe where the Writ /W.Rdar. was P Precipe Iobanni Lottell Militi^xxd the exception prt.c O o 2 to 284- Titles of Honor to it was,that lohn Louell Knight was a Lord ( Scig- niour) not named fo,but difallowcd. Whereas the law had gone plainly otherwife,if it had bin,that hervata Baron of Par Ument not named fo % tnc\ the party had withal fhewd to the Court a Wiit fignifying the fame. Yet q ii.td.^up. Seigniour is only vfd for a Baron in our 4 Statucs,and i.D'Apparaile t ^ c worc ] Bomimu is that which the law vfes in ex- prefsing a Baron when he is cither Plaintife or De- fendant, as Henricus Tarkeley Miles Domintu Barkelej, and verffts Georgium ZoHch^hominnrnZouch^SaintmAHre^ & Cantelnfe y which occurre in Plowden. So that the name of Honor giucn to a Baron in lcgall procee- dings^ alwaies but'Dominus with addition of the deno- minating place. But when the priui'edgc of beeing a Baron is challenged, or exception for not naming the partie fo,teftimony of Record mud be produced, that he is Baro Regni^nd that hee hath voccm & locum m 1 $.Affiffpl. Parl<*Mento,zs the bocks are. Which Difference for the vlt.$.Ed.i. name of Lord is obfauable; and to bee vndcrftood /0/.3 0.^.3 f. chiefly of Temporall Barons. But alfo both that of Hen.6.fol.^6.a. j^ or ^ anc j ^ ar$n ls at t his day by vfuall application of language,attributed with vs to fome which arc ney- ther by law : as.efpecially Knee the vfe of making c- ueric Earle, fir ft a Baron of fome place (which began, as mod worthy Clarenceulx teaches,about Hen,s\i\ t ) it hath been a cuflome to flile their heires apparant Lords and Barons, with the title of their Fathers Ba- ronie : fo of Vifcounts their heires apparant. But this is only a pcecc of Courtfhip and m(cr ftfhioniYet al- lowd in Hcnldrie.whcrcin Ttptefts rule (he was Earle of fVorcesler , and High Conftable of England vndcr Hen.vi.) is that the eldest fonne of every one of a ere A- ted degree it at of the next degree vvder /ww,whichmay be applied to Dukes,Marquiffes,and the reft. But inle- gall proceedings they enioy no fuch matter, nor haue by their being heirs apparant, any prcrogatiuc of the Greater Second part. 285 Greater Nobilitie. The fame is to bee affirmd of a Dukes fonnc and heire,whom cuftom titles by his fa- thers Earldome , as the example was in *" Henry calld f ^%.Hen.%.uu Earle of Surrey , and fonne to the Duke of Norfolk^ 9 Treafon*. vnder Henrj vin. bceing attainted of Trcafon by a common lurie.and not by Peers or Batons, becaufe he was in law as one of the meaner or lefle Nobilitie In Scotland before z Malcolm i I. was no dignitie a- tReguauitfub boue Knights, but only Thanes, which (it feems) were Ann.Chrifti with them as with our Saxons ; Superichbus fecnlis l/ 3 /*/ * (faith Buchanan) prater Thznos,. hoc est prefetlos Regio- fcnint.»fub" mm,jiue Toparchatt & GJutftoremrerumfapitalium nul- cid.Lx. terum lum honoris nomen Equeftri or dine altiusfuerat^quod apud pocitus. Danos obferuari adhuc audio .Som interpret thcirTW* by qu Montem placiti in villa de Scone. Et ibi omnrs B A ROTHES concefferunt fibi War dam & Re. lemum de htrede chihJchh^ Baronis deffihtli^ad Juslenta- tioncm Domini Regis, And to thefe Barons wit 1 iurif- d^clion hee granted (faith Heilor ) Fcff«m & Fnrcam a Hxcnad i-PttStlt) (PallotoCS. Whereupon. ^rw, a curious fear- iunxitad'jwi/- cher of his own Countrie amiquties of this kind, tells colmi Uzcs vs that In Scotland he is called aneHtrre-me cjuha haldis ijsquaejnD? his Landes tmmediatlye in Chetf of the King , ar:d hes Verb. Jignifieat. p ower f$\t flnD (E^llOttS asd lxfangthetfe » and Out habcM-Skene. r the1 r^ Thc a n olD g vndcrftand as Outs, and for & vid-jfis Pari. J ^ J . i 7 c %i%:* 1 j \xr 6 lacob.uap, metl themes; and the p:t, a place to drown Women pt.& lei. 3Aal» Thciues. But generalittr^ faith he in hoc Regno Bnroncs cnlmi.cap.<).& dicantur qui tcne?it terras fit as deJUge.per Jermtiwn Ait- 1 3- lit are, per Alb am fir mam per Fcudi jlrmam vel alitor cum Farca Second parn 287 furca & fijfa : & nommquam generahffime accipitur fro quolibet domino Proprietary ret Immobile. In which that State well agreed with ours anciently* and til of later time,it fecms^uery Lord or firall Baroi^dcnomt- nated from his poffefsion and iurifdie^ion,came to their Parlament,but that was altered ( as with vs by Henry in.)by their Iames b ihc firft 5 and in fteed of them, ^ x^i aC ob.i. u.Commiflaries of eucry Shrifdomc,as our Knights of parUap.-. 01. the Shire,fent to the Parlamcnt. The A& of this alte- A.Chr.1417. ration thus fpeaks at large. Item the King witlo confent & v ?!f * of the hitill Counfell generallie hes Statute and ordained % , p'f ?\ a * that the [mall Baronncs and free tennentes neid not to eo b.6.c Dukes ,Erles, Lordes of Parliament y and Banrents the quhukes the King wilt be receiued and fummond to (founcel and parliament) he his Jpeciall precept. So that it feems that before this act cuery leffer Baronne and Freeholder was bound to come and 288 Titles of Honor. and affift with his prefcnce at their ParlamentJ; which c ParM.lacob. is confirmd alfo by other c Ac*ts : one thus fpeaking. 2.cap.j6. J tern the Lords thinkjs jpeedftill that na Freeholder , that haldts of the' King vnder the fome of Twentie Pounds bee cor, sir c wed to cum to the P ar liament or generall Coun- cil as for prefence t bot gif he be ane Baronnc, or els be jptcially of the Kings Commandement warned, outher be dVarU.lwb. offletar or be Wit. But vnder lames iv. ^ it was en- A' ca P'l • acled that na Barorme, Freeholder , nor fiijfal quhilk^are mthin ane hundredh markes of this extent % that now is be compelled to ccme perfondlly to the Par liament Jot gif it be that our fouerame Lords write Jpeciallj fir them. And fat not to be vnlaued for their prefer.ee , and they fend their procurators to anjwcre for them, with the Baronnes of the Schire y or the maifl famow perfons. ^yind all that are *- bone the extent oj ane hundreth markes to cum to the Parliament , vnder the pAine of the auld vnlaw. Which Ads I haue the rather tranfcribed.becaufe our of them fully appears the difference of their Lords or Parlamen- tarie Barons. and their LaifCS or only Barons by name. For thofe Freeholders not Pailamentarie, are no lon- ger honorarie,or Baons in the beft degrer,but meerly as poiT {Tors of a fmallTerritorie,and are(being &atr£0) beneath Knights; and with them reckond as our Com- mons, which coi firt in Freeholders. But thofe other, which arc part o( the Lords temporalI,are in propor- tion with ours of England. But both theirs and ours are much different from thofe of France , and of a fu- perior note : for,as is alreadie fhewd,thc French Ba- rons arc Seigneurs medhcres. 2nd held not of the Crown, whereas all both Scorifi and Enghfh, being Parlamen- tarie,haue no oihcr Tcnure 3 if you icfpeit the dign ; ty as held , or other originall, if you regard their Cre^ti- c L'oyfcauda ons. In c France as Dukes, Marquilfes , Counts and dro'&s (ieHcd. piinccs haue the priuilcdge of bearing a Coronet on SeigJjajtA. their Armories Ao VicountSjBaron^and Chaitellainshauc *' lu - the Secondpart. i$p the fpcciall honor of the gilt Helmet , and bearing it open. But, faith f another of France , Barons may £ p a r c h s u e wear Non quidem laminam integrum & latam fed te- c or on is lib.?, nuiorem ac rettriQiorem ac v;lutt circulum , fine gracile cap.i j. vinculum aweum. In Spain % their Ricos hombres, which had Knights Vaflalls vnder them anciently (the name, I think, not now vfd mongfl them ) were neereft as Barons in other States, and 4 if I. am not deceiud,are fo now calld. For a Corollarie to this Difcourfe of Ba- rons,we add (and that enough opportunely) the anci- ent title o( Vacuajfcurs, or Valuafors* They queftionles began in the Empire , when the other Dignities of Duke,Marquefle, and the like. In the name of Valua- [ores Regis and Regni and Aiaiores , were comprehen- ded Duke , May -que Jfe y Countfind C a $ ltay,em y howfoeuer others otherwile interpret. Read this in the beginning of the Feudals : Dux iJHarchio ejr Ccmes feudum dare poffunt, qui proprie Regni vel "Regis Capitanei dicuntur. Sunt & all) qui ab iHis Feu da accipiunt,qui proprie Rem gis vel Regni Valuafores dicuntur fedbodie Capitanei ap- pellantur. Qui & ipfi Feuda dare poffunt. Some hence inferreuhat ZJaluafbres Regis aut Regm y ox Maiores^wcxc iT-c!i as had their Feudal Honor vnder and from Dukes, Marqi:efles,or Counts ; inciting vpon the words funt & alij qvi ab Jslis &c. Where,vnder fauor, Jslis is to bee refer 5 d to "Regni vel Regis , as if the Compofers of thcie laws had fiid, there are others alfo calld Capi- tanei and Valuafores or Capitanei 'Regis haue their beft Dignirie. Autoiicie of the fame laws , in another paf- fage,msintains it ; where after an enumeration of the Three chief Feudal Honors,is added: £)ui vero a Prin- cipe vel ab aliqua pcteslate de plebe aliqua , vel plebis .parte jer Feudum eft tnueHittu js Capitaneus appe/Utur, And then.. ^m proprie Valuafores Msicres ohm appel- labantur.YJhm can be more plain then that Valuafores Maiores arc referd to Dux i Marchio 1 Comes & Capita- P p fteus zp o Titles of Honor, neus t So that, as all Dignities abcue Baron is inclu- ded in the Baronage,yet Baron a diftinft Title ; (o all were called Cafitanei Regis , & Ualuafores Ulfaiores, yrt Csipitaneus (the fame with Valuafour anciently) a particular and feparat Dignitie. The name of Capita* new occurrs fomtimcs in the Epifxles of Peeter de Vu »^ 3 Secretarie to Frederique it. and the Dignitie , in %VttMVmth abftra&js calld b' CapttamaM was the felf" fame word, la.6.EpiJt.u. vv hj c h we v f e | n tne Warres, £rf/>/W». And^thcncc had the later Grecians their Ktf-7*7rcw)©- and y^7STOp«,and Ka- mTdyt©- ; and for the Office or Dignitie K«7iWyix/oy. Neither in the Feudall law is any name more compe- tent to the Honorarie and Feudall Baron then Capita, new Regis fit Valuator (JUaior, The Feudalls go on : Qui verb a Capitancis anticjttittts Beneficium tenentVal- uafores font. That is, as of necefsitic it muft bee vn- derftood, Valuafores minor es t or fimply Valuafores. and thereby diftinguifht from the other. Qui autem a VaU uaforibus Feudum quod a Capitanes habebatur.ftmtlttcr accepermt ,V 'aluafini /W^/? ; Minorcs Valuafores appellantur: where the great Lawiers Hctcman and Cuiaciw.woiio much regarding the words of the text as the fubftancc of rhe ma:ter , make the diuifion of Valua fours into Valuafores Maiores (rof the firli Rank, and Capttanei) Valuafores Minor es (fimply here calld Valuafores) and Valuafmi, or Valuajcres Mimmi> which arc ftil'd here i^JMmores ; as if in our language you fhould fay, Lord Par amount ^b cm ^ ar left a Baron (not Kmg)Mefne,ar)d Tenant-prranailc. And all thefe there were accounted Titles Honorarie in the Empire, after fuch time as all Honor difcendiblc became Feudal!, wherof more pre- fently. There were anciently Valuafores alfo in France, b GojTncl.Vin' tiffrtj oiVtndofme in an h Epiftle : Prater ttta & muU- *!?r,, ' Xa *&4 damna Domtnus Ioamres filiw C omit ^ Vmdcri- nenfis , & cum eo cjuidam Valuaflorcs Aiilttes dc Caftro ■ Vwdocinifluandam Opt imam Obcdientiam noslram depre- date Stif^i. Second part. 291 dati funt % Where Sirmond the Iefuit notes this inferip- tion mongli Sugerius his Epiftles : Sugerio ^Abbati Domino fuo G, Maior & ValuafToreSjd" tot a fan Eli Ri- charij Communis. And adds of his own,that Valuafours are the fame which they now call Nobiles atque tncoU Opptdi */«■#/«*, whereto, without reference to a tenure, I affent not. And a great » Lawier allows of th s de- j Ex B ute j cli : finition (or rather defcription) of their Valuafor : pal- fum.Rurali mfor dtcitur Nobilis, qui fumma Coercitionis , non etiam Hotomcmusin nmdinarum & mcrcatus tus habet. Vn gentilhome qui PtrbuFeud** a Seigneurie de haute Iuftice.£/?^(faith Hotcman) Ba- l m% rone inferior atc^ ab eo feudum juum obtinet. In the old cuftoms k otNormandie % the Tcnancic of a Valuaftour \ D f ** r ? tt5 * , - • *% 1 t n r • n \ • • , i +* J L bentate chap, (vnderltand chiefly of the meanelt; is c tied Vauaffou- i6 ,&*a rie, L* heritage (the words are) eft appelli par table en quoy le Seigneur ne puit reclamtr nulle garde , ficome font Va- uatTourics , & tout auter tenement villain. Where the French Glofle faies that you muft rake it fpoken des vauaffourtes non nobhment tenus , affirming that other Vauaffouries there are noblement tenues. Thele ignoble yauajfoMries are elfwherein the fame CuslAmier remem- berd, and thus defcribed : Les Vauaffouries font tenues par Sommage & per fermce de Chcual.\N\\\c\\ the Glolle interprets: P^ 6V»a./-[&' par ferui cede ChcuaVfont entendus V d lavas ferutces qui fe font afac & afimme lef quels on appelle comuncment femmages $ fo to diflinguifli thisferuice de Che- ual from militarie feruice known by the name of Chi- Hdlrie. FoY y thnSowme and Sommxge isqucftionlciTefrom the Greeke 23>/x*> i. f kat which is laid on a Sumpter- lS/ndai&Lc$ horfe, either as his burden, or as the Pack-faddle for * !£"£1 : cafier carriage. Whence they call fuch horfes or other § t j 9 . beafts fo employ'd, 1 ^Ay^ttezA, & Vwvs ^^i«T«p*W* m Latnprid.m becaufe they beare t* cilhe o roygnxrd. IQing at t)i$ gtrDle, tootle as {Bojoto milfte # p Vouch. % ShcrifeljaDljebcn, and aCcuntour 8RKms no toljerc focU a ton jtljp Vauefour, It's likely that he gaue him this Title, as the beft, and abouewhat he had before commended him for, Nei- ther would he haue put it as an addition of worth to a Sherife and a Countour^ vnlcfle it had bjn of fpeci- sll note and honor. For a Cuuntour was (if I am not deceiu'd) a Sergeant at 1 aw, lenwn a'lo then by both names. Counters font Scriewrs (faith the Mirror *\ of (jWfc fife. Justices) facba^s la hj del i^rf/jw.andtbe Cuftumiei of mar Col^e en Normandie: 11 eft Off tils Con te fir que afcum e stab list a Icpifl.dug. parley & enter pot r < y t ca court. The word is inter- I'mrc. prcted by Narrator, deen in the Plea Rolls of Henry in. you haue per Narratcrem fmtm. In the old Scc- tijb laws there are Subuaforcs, which were as the Va- st ajin* Second part. zp$ uajini in the Empire. J Hi qui r tenent de Militihtu qui vocantur Subua fores leges tenebunt y &c. and the Valua* r Malcolm. feres mmores of the Empire, were as the Milires or im- Macl^neth. mediae feruants to Barons in Scotland. The Ciuilians Le g* ca 2- %•§•*• commonly deriue the wordi V aluis , quia affidebant val- nisj.fcrtis Demwcrum, on feaft dayes. T am very iu- fpiciousof their conceit. But it will be clear that it's compos V3 (at leaft in p;rt) out of Vajf^o^ VajfaJl^hcx-* of j(ffemly, fpeaking of Feuds. The more common opinion of the beginning of Feuds Mi- lt tar ie. The Feud all Cu Homes by whom and when composed. J^obtlitie of the Empire grounded onYcv.fc. iA better and more true opinion of the Original! of Feuds, ai they came into the Empire. 'E^.tio-jiko. , la- the Eciftem Emp.re. Vaffi and Vaflall ; Gsefa^rGai- fi. Commumtie of Gu. Qu. and VV. C5ua(T&tlr>J» Vaflall i! s t ifa dimmunitiue of Va ffu s. A kind of Fe u d s very ancient in the Roman Empire. The attendance of the Tenants cf the Empire at the Coronation, anciently. Militarte Ftefs in England, how before the Normans. E'peditio, Pontis ex'ruclio & Arcis Munitio, vfuaL ly refer ud m theme ft indulgent Charters of the Sax- on Kings Trinoda NeccfiTuas. Wardfhips, In Eng- land and Scotland, when Firft. Derivation of Fcu- dum and A' odium. *A Charter of King Athdftan in rime. The a jf \ ft at ion of Riming Charters in that age. o CHAP. VIII. F Feudall Dignities , thus much. I fo call them, becaufe their Origination as they now remaine P p 3 Hono- 2p4* Titles of Honor. Honorarie , is chiefly referd to the firft difpofition of Tertitcries and Prouinces in Feudall right vndcr the French and Germxn Empires. The beginning of Feuds cannot but be here neceflarie. The common opinion fuppofes it in the Lcnaobards or Lumbards a Nor- thern Nation. Their incurfionsinto It al } ie(ynde iur a Ven- dor #&, faith Bodinjn vmuerfam Eur op am ptxerunt) and gteatnes there began vnder luHtn ii.about dlxx. of our Siuiour. Millan was their feat Royall,and in .kajieir firft King Albcin inaugurated. And its commonly af- firmd , that they brought the more formall and fre- quent vfe of Militarie Feuds th.ther with their ether cuftoms : hauing had mongft ihemfclues the vfe of them.very ancient. Which,it feems,the Ctmbrians (vn- der that name all Northern people, of Europe fpccial- ly, were anciently comprehended , and (o in it the old Longobards) thought of,as a matter vfuall in their Na- tion, when heretofore being bar'd out of Spam and f Floruslibr. Gaule 3 thty rcqueftcd the Roman State, f vt Martius cap. i, popular aliquid fibi terra daret quafi flip endium : Cater um % vt vsllet jn ambus atq 3 armis fuis vteretur. For Milita- rie Feuds had therin only their being,that the Tenants (hould be readie f r defence of their Lords with Mar- tial accoutrements. When by the French Charltmsgr.-e the Lumbardtan Kingdom ended , thefe Feuds fhil re- mained,and vndcr him they were vfuallygiuen fur life, with Dignities annext. And, when in r 0/^the Great, t^.DCCCXL ^ Qerrpan Empire was hce made the Dignities Hc rcditarc in Feudall right, as before is expreO.Thc for its of the Feakie and fuch like of thefe times ate extanr, and inferred' in S-gonius his Storic de Rewo Itah&.Qi them in gencrall terms thus the Feudall cuftoms : An- ticjuijfimo tempore fie crat in dominorum pot isolate conne- Xftm, vs cjuando vcllent pejfent avferre rem in feudum a fc datum Vested vero eh vent urn eft t vt ptr annum tantum firmitati-m htirrer.t, Dcinde ftatutnm tft vt v(%, ad vi m ta m Second part. 295 tarn fidelis produceretur. Sed cum hoc iure fuccejfionis ad filtos non per finer etfo frogrejfum est vt ad Fthas deueni- ret, Thofe laws a d cultures belonging to them were compofd as they now are,vnder Frederique Barbarojfa about cid.c.l. by Gerard Neger and Obert de Orto t two Coniuls of tJMdUn* Which, it feems,was the ra- ther done, becaufe about that time the Volumes of the Roman (/.what wee call the Ciuill laws) began to be newly in requeft,and,as it were, awakt out of that ncglecl, wherein they had necr DC.yeers flept,as of no reckoning among the Lcmbards, and were now pub- liquely read and profell in Bologna by lrneritu the firft publique pro r eifor of them after Iuftmians time* Its likely that the Lombards thought it presently rcquific to put their Feudall cuftoms into Writing and forme, and vnder T*tlcs,as well as the Romans had don their ancient Laws. What was then performed by the two Aft'Iancis y hnh fince been better d,and for publique vfe inlargcd by that moft learned Lawier Cmacius ;zn& is as a psrt of the Ciuill law, for Feuds. Vpon that in- nouation of Otho i.in giuing patrimoniall and Feudall Honors, with prcrogatiues in the^ommitted Territories, Noua Nobilitatis ratio (faith Sigoxms) tn Italiam eft in- dtiUajvt ij dtmum foil Nobtles tudictrentur qui iffe out eorum mMores hi* atj, eiufmodi ahs honefiati primlegv.s ejfent. nam hanc confuetudinem fuccejfores cms non omife- rantyfed etiam multit p^rttbtu adanxerunt. He collected it perhaps out of this paiTage in the Feudalls: Qui ab untiquii temporibus benefictum non tenent i licet nouitcr a Capitancisy># a Valuaioribus acqmfient.plebeij nihihmi- ttw funt. Which fome interpret, as if no other Nobi- litie had been but what had proceeded from the pof- fefTmg an ancient Feud by g ft or inuefliture from the Emperor or fome Valuafor. But I rather follow the conceit of learned Hotcman y v>h\ch collccls thence only that a new purchsfe of fome Noble Feud, without an- cient. z$6 Titles of Honor. cicnt inueftiture, or many ycers continuance of po (Tef- lon , ennobleth not. And doubtlcflc other Nobilitie mongft rhem was, as Gcntric and Knighthood. But, in- deed, none Feudall.exccpt fuch as had its root in fome of thefc Titles beftowd. The common opinion, of the Originall of Feuds,ihus. But,vnder fauour,they rather, to this purpofe of Nobi itie, fhould bee deriud out of Trs.ncc. For although it be true that mongft the Lom- bards they were, and ancient'y, yet plainly, before the Trench Empire,in Trance they were, and that beredi 3- rie,if their ancient laws decciue not. For,what els was \\\z\cX crra SaUca but as a Knighcs Fee , or land held by Knights feruicePIt was fo adiudged in the Parla- ment at Burdeanx^s in the firft Chapter is rememberd. And thofe StUque laws are fuppofd much ancienrer then the Lombardian Kingdome in Jta/te, Vndcr the Lombards zKaJuch Digniics as they had wcre,by Feu- dall right, giuen in inheritance, as in ftorie \* arfirmd of Y^sAuthari5 , that inuefted his Duces or Gouctnors of Prouinces,of theirTcrritories to them and their Heirs Mafles, which was not imitated by the French Char- lemagne or his fuccettbrs, nor in vc till the beginning of the German Empire. How then is it likely that the imitation of the Lombards Feudal! laws was caufe of Feuds in other places ? Referre them chiefly :o rheS*- lians or Trench and you fhall come nearer Truth. The Saltans from Pharamunds time , and doubtlciTe before had them j in Trance they continued : Charlemagne according to the cuftom of his own patrimoniall State, brought them into Itatte, where, although they were before him,yet that continuance they then had is thus to be refcrd to Charlemagne ,that is,the giuing r fthem for life with thofe Dignities before fpoken of,and the gift of them in inheritance^ they were mcerly Fees Militarie : But the inheritance of them bceing anncxt to Honorane Titles,m3y well beallov\d to Otho'stime, which Second part. zpy which yet could not be if their Originalland continuance were to be drawn through the Lumbards , by reafon ofttm example of Authdrit, How much this differs from common opinion, men that hauc read do know; and if they haue well read,wil,I coniec'turejbc of my mind. Out of the Empire, by imitation, it fecms, or by generall confent of Nations, molt part of Europe took their forms of Feudal! pofleiTions : but by imi- tation,doubtlelTe,thofe Dignities of Feudall right. The identitic of names in the Errpire and other Kingdoms iuftifies it. Neither was the Eaftern Empire of later times without Militarie Feuds. To this day remains a Conftitution of * Conflantm Porphjrogennetus^ggiin^ a. x tJammpul lienation of them.They called them s&TJwv^uMilita- ^i°X" lMt ^' m*. Mw l|wFflM (are the words of the law) vSk X7f*W- 7eu{7*$*J% a>v au s&treitu •foHfinvTau, Kfrif*a,7cL JictTraheiv U that it be not /awful I for Souldiers (Milites)^ altenthofe pojfeJfions t by which Knights fer nice ( fo in our law you may interpret it ) is maintamd. The Tenants of Feuds in the VVeftern Empire,and now euery where in Eh- rop.zxc known by the name of Fideles^HomtneSyVaJfi, jfaffnlliy and the like. The reafon of all their names ex- cept V«lfi & Vaffalli is manifest. Some deriue them from 2?4*,which in French and other languages of note, expreffes an inferior. But the word is fo inferior to many which are denoted by Vaffi or Vajjalli , that I cannot bee of their mind. Euen a King, if hee hold a Dukedom of another King,is riglrJy called his fajfall, or Vaffice. Which (to leaue friuolous conieclure) may be deduced from the old Gaulifh word 0UgS,(E>uaS or <2>at0 for a Valiant or Militarie m,w y then by which name,what might one,that held his lands vnder a te- nure to be fo,more fitly bee titled ? And , that thofe words were of fuch fignification mongft the (jaules (the ancient people of France before the French , and extended farrc larger in name then all Frtr.ce) may Q^q bee 2p8 Titles of Honor. y in fcniid.%. bee noted out of that of 7 Serums vpon Virgil* duo qftiffc Alpina corufctnt Gdfa martu % 7. Lipf.de Reft, pontine . Ling. Lat.cap.\$, a P. Vhb.de les Comtes de Champ. & Brie, lib.u b 'Antiquitus In Comitatu Engelberti Tcutonicc eft Sumbacote. Trebcr Qrig. Fiilatin.i.up.S, Gtfa (faith hec) Has! as viriles. Nam etiam Fortes Gattt GeTos vocant. Now, the communitie of G y Gu y and ytot Wn\ words made of Latin Idiom out of Dutch >GauliJh or ether language/is not vnknown to any. Who fees it not in the familiar vfe of the names, of Walter , CjuaL ther, William , G Hi lie Im. Ward, GuArdia, Vafto, CjuaSIo, and the like? fo our What is to the Scots ^uhat^htch or whilkfi quhilke : and how common G. and^g^were in pronunciation, and mongft the Latins, z the leam'd know. And the Latins hauing no fuch letter as W(\v\ that fort as the Gauls vfd it) were compelld to exprefle fuch words as they began with W y by Gu, as fomedo now by jQu. yet the onriTion of the u in G it may be beleft, although if Gcropius his deducti- on oi Salique from Sal, which he makes the fame with *&aCl2, be tolerable (as doubtleffe in his phanatique doclrine, when the origination is indeed to bee fecht from Dutch, his coniecfturcs are often commendable ) why might not Vaffal be as if you (hould fay, Vir £- qHeSlriS) or fuch like, or if Sale be Hal/, and HalUhe proper mmc of the Lords Court (efpecially in our Eng- lish Feudi) where we call a Court Baron often Halt- mote, why might not Vaffal be as Vtr ftrenuus Cum Domini infer*****. But without furer ground I loue to abftain from aiTertion. Thus much for the Origination of Feuds, as they are deriu'd out of the Empire, or haue been in vfe in thefe Weftern parts. But of their firffc being at all, a more ancient root is found, and that vnder the Romans* It's reported that twixt i/Eneas zvid cVionyf. hmIU LatinnSy one head of the league c was that the Tro- camaf. Antiq. tans fhould be alwayes readie to alTift him in his wars /?'*' -, - g againft the R*tih. And in. the Auguslam d ftorie, it's seueri &r!c. deliuer'd of Alexander Seuertu (his Empire began in tit.de locato& cexx. after Chriit) thitfo/a, qudt de hoslibtu capta feint Conduci.Wiut. Limit aneis Ducibiu & militibm donauit , it a vt eorum &• it* effent fi hzredes illorum militarent^ nee vnquam ad priuatos ptrtinerent ; (priuatHS is here oppos'd againft Miles) dicens attentius eos militaturos fi etiam fit a Rura defenderent. tsiddidit fane his & ammalia & feruos*, vt potent colere quod acceperant : ne per inopUm hon:i>um v el per feneilutem pcffidentium defer erentur rut a vicina B^rbaridt, (he means the Frontiers of the Empire) quod lurpijfunum effe ducebat , and fomewhat like did the Emperor Vrobus , in giuing certain c Terr tories in e Tl.Vupfcut Jfatiria, to his old foulJiers , addensi, vt e or urn fity ab mprobo. QlJl 2 ***4 ^00 x ltttes of Honor* anno decimo otlauo mares dun tax At ad militiam mittercn- lur. Here were a kind of Feudall polTcflions, but all their old volumes of the Ciuill law haue nothing that touches Feuds, either in name or iub(rance,as they tru- lyiare. The neereft like them is their Smphjteufisand uu f v.Mynfingey. f gmpkyte#tjc*ri$to» 9 *geaog almoft with our Fee Farm *de button- ° r *° ca S c teoure • Neither of both which, according dufi.§ t Adeo t0 tne Emperialls, are to bee called Feuds, although they,as well as Militarie poiTelTionSjin cur hw, are fo vfually named. Some others, 1 know,fuppofe Militarie Feuds euen as ancient as Reman Colonies , but they decciue their Readers. The tenants of the Empire, as well mediat as immediat, were all bound to be atten- dant in a place called RancalU vpon P*,not farre from Ptacenz,a } when the Emperor went to be crownd, and g OtboFrifiu he that made default forfeited his Fief. An old s autor genf.degeft.Frc- t hus deliuers it : Eft confuetudinis Regum Francorum-> aeuc. i .i. ^ ^ Church fhould be free from all -lecular feruice.and fine Lxp edit tone , Qr Pont is extrutttonc , & Arc is Mmutim* (which yet may be vnderftood as for an exception)yec diuers Charters are anciently giuen as great and reli- gious fauors by Saxon Kings, which vfually referue thole ihtcc; repairing of '^Bridges t Tax for E95rrrt,and Ca~ Ule gard y cr repairing than: as of what no land fhould or could be discharged. They arc called by a fpeciall Dame Trinod* Necejj/tas in a Patent k by J£.Ced*>a0ato k chart. Aubi- Wiljrid firft Billiop of Sclejej x giuing him Paganham tplfc.Cant*A. (now Pdgham) in S#ffex , and vnder the Dioccfe of C ^".DCLXXX ChiceFicr, whither, from Sc/e n,ihc See was tranflated. Whereupon it was well noted, when Pope ] Celeflin 1 z$.Hcrt.$. iv. endcuotirg his grieuous exactions from Church-li- Matthv.vh. uiogs in this Stale vnder Henry i i i. a confutation Confulas licet was about to what duties Churchmen, by rcafon of p re 'J"risRc-"' their poflTeffions, were fubiecl,that the old Kings of Eng. fponfumJCjw- Und were not lb lauifhly indulgent in their Grants to ucti'm^ed, Churchmen,

"•>*♦ licam Regm vtilitatcm^vide U:ct Expeditionem,Pontis G^ Arcis reparattones vci 'refetl tones vt per ea refifierent Ho- ftium incwjtbits.hnd Ethelbald K.of AiereUnd: Ccncedo vt omnia monaflcria & Ecclcfu Regnt mei a Puhlicu ve+ ftiglibuty Optnbiu & Oneribw d£oUtdnturji\{\ inftrucli- onibus Arcium vel Pontium, qua nunqmam vlli fcjf/ttnt relaxan. But thefe were not fo much by reafen of Tenure,as generall fubieclion tooccafions of Statc 3 and accidental necefTitie, and fupply of wanes to common good* Thcfe kind of Militaiic Fiefs or Fees as wee now haue,were not till the Normans ; vvith whom the cuftoiw ?oz Titles of Honor \ cuftom of Wardfhips in Chiualrie(they began not vn- dcr Hen. in. as moft ignorantly Ranulpb Higden the Monk of Chester, and Poljdore tells you) came into England. Out before that , Wards were in Scotlaud % if their Stories and laws of tJWalcclm i i. deceiue not. When he diftributed the Kingdom into Tenancies,then Omnes r Barones({zh\\ his laws) concejferunt fibi Wardam & T^lentum de h&rcde cuiufcun^ Bar on is defantti^d fu- flentaiionem Domini Regit ; although 'Buchanan rather ghefles, that Scotland had this cuftorn by imitation of the Englifb or K{ormans. But in this Malcolms time, Wardfhips were not at all in England. Of the origU nail and vfc of Militarie Feuds thus much* With the RotHrier or bafe tenures this place hath not to do. On- ly a word or two cf the names of Eeudum and Alo- dium. The deriuations of both are diuers.For Eeudum\ I am fomwhat confidcut that its root is in Fides y how- eucr by different writing thence varied : and from it is our word j^eitU , which was anciently ^CUO and ^eulD^s in the names of Rotherfcud and Losfenld(Jot T^therfetld and Losfeild ) occurring with diuers like in old Ro Is, is apparant. The Vaflals are (hied Fideles in Latin,and Drndt i. SEruC from the fame word in Tcu- toniqnc.From what others herein muhiplie but rouing farre fom the mark, I purpofcly ab(tain,and from the conievfture of fome^ccaufc they are too ridiculous.^- lodes or <*Alodwm lignified anciently what in the more itri& fenfe Enheritance doth in our law, that is, hnds defcended from the anceftor ; and Alodes and Compa- ratum arc m eppofed often, as Purchafe and Enheritance. m Vi4cqux Now c Fcud rf p^pajj a R e Icif or Heriot vp- tmnon.adMar' on death of the tenant, and the Heir or iucccllor came ctdph.Vormul. in alwaics (as at this day ) in fome faflv.on of a new Ub.i'Cajf.u. Purchale. But where no tenure was, there the enheri- tancc difcended freely to the rJcire, who c'airrd it al- waics mccrlv from his anc.lior.Out of this diiTcrence, I Secondpdrt. ^03 I imagin , the names of Feudum and Alodium were tranflated to make that diftin&ion which is vfually twixt them : whence Alodium now abufiuely denotes chiefly lands poiTeft without feruice or fubieclion, ex- cept only acknowledgment of fupcrioritie in the Gi- uer. This may hold better then that from Leudes.ct a- ny which I haue feen. An example of Alodes or Alo* dium the great Lawier Hctoman fpecially takes out of an old Charter made to one Paulan 3 by our King Athcl- y?**>;, which is n remembcrd to haue bin found amongft nHeftorBoetb, the fpoiles of Warrc in Wtttmerland, by the Scots, vn- Ub%l6 < dcr their Robert n. As the words werej infert it: Sluing Athelftan <5i\Xt& to Paulan, £&Da;t anDtteODau aisgu^eanDasfatre 3\zz\\tKt\)*imwztom: a«0 trjarto OTtitneffe Mauldc mp fotfe. The firrplicitie of that age is euen piclur'd in it. An age when mifnomers,mifrecitals, being dcceiud 5 & fuch like did not make void the Kings Patent. Nor doth it in fubftance differ from the Conquerors gift of the Palatinat of C^ii?jf I o 6 Titles of Honor. ftrunt, quod fnos liber os y nifi cum adoluerint % vt mumu Mtliti* fuftwere pojfint \palam ad fe adire non patiantur ; filiwn^ in Puerili *tate y in publico, in conipeclu patris af- fiftere turpe ducunt. Which, although he make at pro- per to the Gattles, yet that large Nat;on of the old Ger- 7»ans,cuen bred out of, and continuing in their Being through warre,had almoft the like cuftome. All they did, was while they were accoultred with Armes ; ey- ther Priuat or Publique. Neither yet did any vfc or beare them, vntili hce was honord with a Speare and Target in their State affcmblies. Tacitus, of them,afrums it. JV//?//,faith he,w^ public*, nec^ priuat* ret nifi arma- ti agunt, Sed arma fumere non ante cuiquam moris^uam c Hascfere Ctuitas « fuffeflurum probauerit, Turn in ipfo Conciliovel vcrbatum ha- Principum aliquis^vel Pater, vel Propinquns . Scuto frame a- bec lo.Auenti- luuenem ornant. Hue apud illos ToaaMc primus lu- nusBoior.An~ J , , , £ ,,"•» * -. * . t nal 6 vbiLu* H * nt & honos : ante hoc aomus pars vtdenturjncxTseipHb- douicus Dux he*. For that of their going alwaics arrnd ; it differs Boiorumarma not from the more ancient vfc of the Grecians, who fufcipicmilica- * before learning mollified them , and brought their na dono Fie- j^ uc j cne (f c to a Ciuilitie,continually tfftfti&pofirn i.vent toris. armd t oi ferrum geftabant. This forme of taking Arms * ibucydid.lib. by yong men from Publique autoritic, was in thofe r ■ ™ • >#» rf 1 f ''cd.de gelt. the hands or iome torrein Prince. Auaom respondit j An ^ y tl% cap. (faith the g Srorie)/^ hoc facer e mmimt p,tu ; Jfc , ne Ri- zy&i^ R r 2 turn 308 Titles of Honor* Mm gent is infringer et t Scitis enim } in quit, non ejfe aphd nos confuetudwcm , vt Rcqis cum fatre Tiliiu prandeat (not procedat^s Vtthon^w feems, ciid read) mfi pruts a Rege gentis extern arma fufctptat. Hereupon, Alboin ta- king with him x l. yong Gentlemen of his Countrie, went to Turifend K. of the CJepida (vvhofe fonne Tu- rijmod hce had flaine in that laft vietorie ) and fhewd him the caufe of his comming. Turtfcnd nobly recei- ued him ; placed him at Table with him,where Turtf- mid was wont to fie, and at length ( notwithftanding the barbarous confpiracies of fom of the Gepidh\!v&t> l K amiitere cingiditm mditis., fa"* '- £** for, to be difabled to haue place or ranke in the field. ^aKtrparos Rr 3 And jio Titles of Honor \ And Cingulum Mihtia t for the honor of a fouldier, as alfo aVSfc/xsro/ -r*i fyvASy i. qui Cingulum depofuerunt^wz m Synod. xke~ vn der m Conslxntwe the Great, fuch as had, fot Con- va 9 Can.ii, fcience, left their Military Order, in regard of the in- compatibilitieof the then vfd fupcrftitions in the Camp, and Chnfttaniuc. But more late times in the Empire, yet very ancient,' haue by their Cingulum, not onely verbally, but rea'ly expreft other committed or created Dignities , as well as their common honor Miiitarie. Qui prafentes in fomitatu, illuslris Dignitatis Cingulum meruermt % aut quibns abfentibus Cingulum illuslris mit~ t it ur Dignitatis , and fuch like, are remembred in a n c. tit. it Dig- n Constitution of Theodojtus and Valentwtan\ and King mtat.Ordoftru. Theodohque to Count £clo§eu4 ° giues the gouernment '•*• of part of c Pannenin y in thefc words : Promde proffteru o ajjt . a- tmti a tw ausficijs ad Sirtmznfcm P annoniam, quondam fe- dem Go 11 or urn proficifierc , Illuslris Cinguli Dignitate prdicinftus , and the Cemittua primi Ortinis Jacantis, ij p idem. V&y. 6. p calld Otioji Cmguli honore pracintla Dignitai ; and, FormH.,12. q Ul ^ ji ne Qj n o U l 0j codmllos tantum honoraria Dignitatis adeptifunt, arc in that conftitution Jaft mentio.i'd. Di- uers teftimonies like wi 1 offer thcmfelues, to any rea- ding the Codes. And, vpon Salowns (tealing the Belts, the moft lcanfd Cafaubon obferues thit ic rcfpe£ts the old cuftom of Magiftraces , and others like(vndcr(tand fuch as with their Office or Dignities had tut gUdij^ or Miiitarie rank) which neuer came in fght of'iheir Prince, but (CwEli) Girded, and with other cnfigns qHomiLmi-ad of their Title. He notes it o it of ^Chryfoslom : o'u/wV Corintbiosz6. (iaith the holy Father) twp apyjvwv ymfit C® ;, »* $ X KcL ~ ^ti'cT©* Tzh^ttJcav av QctvbSJdLi t« i\ /* GirdleJpeltyOt indeed, as it integers, armor* So ZajsHfit Ew/«*,as if you faid, Cmgula Bellcn enfe Saxonico cum vagina aurea.But in Tucceeding times of the Anglo-Saxons , more religion was vfd in taking this Order. Neither was it done without a fclemnc confcfTion of linnes, receiuing* the Sword from the Altar at the hands of fome Church- c Vide, fi pla* man.and fuch like,which alfo hath c been in the Em- tit,Franctfc. pire and France. An old Monk fpcaking d of the Em- ^«w* Symb. peror Henry in. and the ArchbiOiop of Br erne t faith f ^f,f* that qofiari* per conceffionem Archiepifcopipnmum fe%cx scha'jfhdurg.m arm* belltcafuccinxit. hnd Anglorum erat conjuetudo(yvx\\zs chronho. ' one tint iiud at the c Norman CQi\qucft)c]uod 3 qui Mi- c ingulfbus* Ittia legitime cenfecrandus effet > veffere precedent* dierru Sf fiu 514* Titles of Honor* fu* Confecrationis>ad Epifcopum y vel Abbattmycl Mon*+ chum, v el Sacerdotcm alt quern contritui & compuntlus de omnibu* fnu peccatu confeffionem >/icerct 9 & abfoluttu 0- ratiombus dr-Dcuotiombu4 & affliUiombus deditus inEc" clcfia per vo claret : in Crafting quocfe Miff am audit uru4 % Gladium fupcr alt are offerret i 0* poft Euangelium Sacer- dos bencdtelum gladium collo U^Ulttis cum BenediHione imponeret y & communkatui dd eandem Miff am facru ChrU fti Miflerijs denuo miles Ufftmm permanent. And, ac- cording to this forme was that molt Noble Heward 3 Knighted by his vncle Brand Abbot of Tturj about the Ttyrwan inuafion.But this kind the Normans much diflikt. Hanc (faith lngulph) coufecrandi Mihtis confuc* tudinem Normanni a,bommantes y non Mihtem legittmum talem tenebant y fed focordem Equitcm & ^uiritem degem nerem deputabant. Which makes me confidently refcrre fSyncd.Weft- that of Ne Abbates faciant ykf////f.f,confiitiited in in. monaft.A. f Hen.ixo this cuftom. The Normans not liking it, in iioi.M.ilmcsb. a p rou i ncia n Synod vndere/*»/*/wArchbiftiop of Cm. degeji.mhfic. infant Gerard f r^ then thus prohibited it,and perhaps named only Abbots,becaufe it fe em s,of infe- rior Churchmen none or few would or did rcceiueir, and the Bifhops were by hkelyhood not willing to take the power from themielues.But howeuer that was took from Churchmen,yet the fclemnitic's it feems,of g V olio- at:, lib. taking the Sword from the Altar.and fuch like in the 6.cap.io4r 13. Church, rcmaind afterward. For, John of Sarisburic fpca- e^confulas king cf an implied oth that all Knights of his time morcmiHuma Wo \ as fof defcnce f t j lc Church, Urn moluit (faith Paulo 11. initi- . t \ r 1 , 1 J r »*£ • tiitumapud g " c ' confuet ttdo jolennts^ vt ca die qua quify Militari M.ircel.Con ;>- GtnguU decor 'at ur t Ecclcfiam fclcn niter adeat i Gladioq f fuper 9enfAik.\.fe£lij. Alt art pofito cr oh Lit o.quafi celeb cr't profejfione facia feip- fciuramentum fum obfeqnio altaiis dcuoutrat i & Gladij id csl Officiffffi ctcan 1 fc~ Uf ff fm q) eo jhonderat famulatum: Neq, neceffe cfl vt hoc umMsgnum pnjiteatur verbo,cum legittma projejju Milites fatlo ttus Nation, videatur infirtA, This Oth was,k fcems, fomwhat pro- 14^7. portionat vvUi that Militw.facr*mwtumi*\sn folemn- Secondpart. 31? ly by the Roman Armies ; without whicf^and at eue- ry new going a Warfare a renewing of it,none might (jure fe pugnare cum hofttbtts ) lawfully fight with the h c'lcmfoo?- enemie. But thefe religious- folemnities wqrc away in ./SV.i.dePorr.- ancient time. .It grew afterward fafhionablc for one P^ & Cato- King to fend his ionne to another to take the Order, jjj 5 ^f idc ^ vt acciperent Arma. Militaria or firi/ia^s the Monks ^scYuiumtd' vfually expreffe it. Which well agrees with that of the AneidosZ.Po* Longobards before mentioned. Examples, of that kind lyb'mm lib,6.&~ both herein Scot land, eKwhevc arc enough frequeat.So l ios< one King of another,as in that of Alexander i n. of Scotland. He married the Lady Margaret daughter to to our Henry in. The Nuptials being celebrated in Chriftmas at Tork^ y the King ofjqEngland Knighted his Royall fonne in law with twentie more. Where the Earle Marfiall of England , as an ancient right of his Place,requird the King o£<6cotlmcts Horfc and Furni- ture for his fee. which^l. hough in thofe times jt feems, » the Earle Marfhall had at the Knighting of any Ba- i Statut.mft.z ion or fupenor Nobleman, as alfo at the Homages done cap.46. DeMx- by any fuch either Secular or Religicus,yet it was an- rercaliiS ' fwerd that from the King of Scotland no fuch fee was due becaufe hee might haue took the Order of any other Cathoiique Prince, or, at his pleafurc, of any of his own fubieas of his Nobilitie. Resjonfum fuit((zhh ^%^> the k Stone) quod T$ex Scoiw tali non fubiacet exaftiom 3 ' ' \ m,quia (i placer et ei , potmt tpfa Arma fufcipere a quouis Principe C*tholico,vel ab aliquo Nob ilium fuorum. — Sed oh reuerentiam £r honorem tanti Prwcipis Domini ac cut* cini fin ac foceri tanti ) mallet ab ipfo Rege Angha Cingu- lo donari Mditari , ctuam alt quo alio. Et fie prft CWtjfamfeci Duos Milttes f^j£2jjjj Nob ties fupra fepulchrum gladtos accingendo & .alia eb- feruando, qui. in profeffione Militaris Ordmts fieri cenfuc- uerunt. This was in cid.ccc.xxxvi. Now none but the King, or one as his Lieutenant authorized , giues this Order ; neither is it done by girding with the Sword, but the deferuing kneels, and a Sword is laid or (lightly ftrook on his fhoulder by the king, vfing this French :<\Soiz, Cheuaher an nom de Diou t an6 then, s-'tbR uluancez, Cheuaher > This Ceremonie alone gkes the Azg'.i.cap.ij. Title of Ecjues Auratus^ihzt of Auratus cemming from their right of wearing guilt fpurrcs , which* hath been alio a knights fpeciall ornament. And vnder Edward 11. Richard r of Rodney was knighted by being girded r Anonym. with a Sword by Almaricns Earle of Penbrck,-, and ha- cbron.apud uing one Spurre put on by the Lord Uttaurice of &&&**%. TSarkley the other by the Lord Bartholomew of Badtlf. mere. That (Viking with the <" Sword hath been ancient- *~ TMutde Ivthe vfe of the Empire,and when ^/w*W knighted ***** Signell a French Gentleman in France, to honor Sirl veil with that n3tne,the want v hereof was obitcled to him in a Controueifie twixt him and PcfiellanWt did it by U'.ch (hiking of him kneeling , and giuing him one of h:s gilt fpurres,and girding him with a girdle that had hanging to it, in (kad of a (word, a great knife. And this was done in J>v?wf& in alieno dominatu infiitm pojfunt. For Creation of a knight thus much; and ; as euery child knows, in per- S f 3 fonail 3 i8 t Muh.Molin. apMcnncnium, u Vet.de yi- nei6l1b.6Sp.17 x Belmanorian. apudl 'ilium lib. i.\idt Rami ph, dt Glanuilla lil?.f.cap.$. y Ex'leg'h. Hifp.Fr.Men* neniiis. Titles of Honor ; fonall Creation only the being of knighthood is > nei- ther hath any map it otherwise. Infamiones (faith one 1 of Spam : and lvfancio is their bijdalgo, i, a Gentle- man, perhaps from the German or Cjothique Cycling or (Steeling ) nafcuntur apud nos ; Milises vero fiunt f which you may app!ie to all States; In elder times ic was prouided in the Empire ) i : >^^andi , /7^» that none fhould recciyc this Order , except hee were before in fome degree of Quill Nobilitie. A Grant is extant of u Frederique 11. that a knight may be made qumquam pater funs -Aides non fuerit,cr no fir is conftitutiombus ca* ueatur quod milites fieri nequeant. qui de genere Militant non nafcuntur , In Trance^ it was x adiudged anciently, that where the Lord of a Villain (I vfc the word as in our law) had knighted his Villain being a Gentleman, hebeca;ne free, and had the honor lawfully ;but if ano- ther had knighted him, nothing had been wrought by it. For none could manumit him but his Lord. And till ManumiiTion ; orvnlclTe knighthood had had Guilt free- dome for its ground. he was not capable of it.Ncither there might any great man confer this dignitie vpon one which we;e not before a-Gentleman,without grie- uous MulclBut the king only might do it.And,mongft old laws f of Spam , Quilbet Infancio (euery Gentle- man, or hijdalgo) pot eft ejfe Miles m Aragonia^alij vero non, Et fi forte non Infancio promo ueatur per Ricum^#- mincm ad Milittam,perdit honorem i quern tenebat ,Ricus homo (one of their Ricos hombres) vel ft non tenebat , nunquam tenere debet, Et illi promotus femper rcm.xnct villanus y fubUto fibi equo & armu. Now,to the difhonor of Merit and 'NobleiTc,how many moft vndeferuing ci- ther for qualitic or parentage, bear this moft honora- ble Title ? But fome ancient adiun&s to knighthood here next offer themfelues.Thcy arechiefly,Therefpe<5l of the Honor to Pojfrjf/ons , Their Martiall £quipage f Their right -of v ling a Sealc 9 The Aide a faire fit*Chi m uaLr Secbndpart. yp Halcr-yThc T^ame and honorable regard to />,and Degra- dation. Of them all in their Order. The Knights Eeif or Fee is as commonly known by name as Knight. But what it was or is, is not to all known. An old * teftimonie makes, it DC.Lxxx.acrcs,con(ifting ofiv. x ub.Kub. Hydes, Of Hydes,bcfore, where of Barons. Other cer- scaccaru. tainties are propofd for a Knights Fee anciently , but * in vain. Its neereft truth to fet no number of A- * v^.zLia'iu cres.nor quantilie of Territorie , but only of Reuenue Aum l l0 °' out of land»which being xx 1. yeerly was the value of a Knights Fce.Remcmber what is alreadie deliuerd of an cnt : re Baronie,and the poffefTions of other digni- ties. In them the Relief alwaies exprefles the fourth part of the annuall reuenue by vertue of the Grand Charter,which,in this point, was made in imitation of what was common law in the Relief of a Knights Fee, being ( as appears by Glanuil and Cjeruafe «f Tilbu. rie) luft c. fliil ings. What then more plainly could proue that the knights Fee (that is, the PoiTetfion fit for the maintenance of a Knight in thofe dayes ) was exactly land of x x 1. yeerly ? And they which- had fuch an cftate might bee compelled to take , and , it feems , of right demand^ a Knighthood. Yec vnder Hen. theui. and Edward 1. fome of leflc Re- uenue were calld to this Dignitic. tAnn'o fub codem (1256) exijt edicium Regium (faith Matth. Paris) pr. clothes and houfhold-ftuffc) and beafts of the Plough from execution of debt, fo anciently were a Knights Horfcs and Armor (His Horfcs of martiall Equipage) T t and : 2 i Titles of Honor I and that although he had been indebted to the King. The law for that matter Geruafie of Ti/bune tln>s de- liuers/pesking of the ia!e of the debtors goods to fa- bric the King : Nota quod fi debitor Me qui foluendo non eft Militia, cingulum feme/ obtinuerit, venditis c&tc- ris.Equm tamen ei non qui/ibet y fied vfus vfualium refer- uabttur^e^qui digmtate fatliu eft Eqnes, Pedes crgatur wcedere* Quod fi Utiles eiufmodi finer it quern tuuat Ar- mor urn deccr & tuuet vfius ecrum , C" qui merits exu gentibus debeat inter ftrcnuos computan y tota fui Corporis armatura cum Equis ad id necefiarus a venditoribus crtt liberrima vt cum opcrtuerit ad Regis & Recni negettazr- mis & equis inslrutlw peffit affiumu Sed fi hie idem cut L x in parte pepercit, audita necejfitate Regis vel Rermi deliteficens fie abfentauerit yel ad hoc vocatits non venerit, ji tamen non prcprvsfied regies ftifcndijs mi/it et & em den- ter abfenti.im [nam non excufauerit, nee ab hijs vendito- rs temperab untied fiolo content us Equo (proper digni- tatem Militia: ) fibi reliUo iun ccmmuni v.uat obnoxiUs\ V\he;e,by the way,it appears alto ihac the excptisBo. bus & affris Carney in an Elegit,\\2s ancient Common, law before the Statut of WcFtmiitfter the fecend. And it feems t^at the Equipage and Armor competent to his fcrfcn,was by the ancient l.vv as enheritancc de- fcendiblcto the Hciic,an ! not, as other moucab!es,cait. vpon the executors. An old teftimonieinferted morgft that wbkh is (lil'd the Confcffors laws ; Non debent u'a muadiare (vndcrftand fuch as were bound general- ly for defence c( the Kingdom to hare armor) nee tx- ttm vjndcrcfcd hxredibus fiuis in extremis /rg f rc y i nut mm tenement or urn fiierum D mints finis exp/efi- cum cum vftd .rdfutrit. ^nd although the words im- port as if ihcy fhould beqt cath them , yet doubtleflc the meaning is that they fhould leaue them to defcend; os what foliows,pcrfwadcs. Quod (i qui (are the enfn- ing words ) ecrum htrrdes vel parentcs tfon L\:lt(crint y domintu Second part. 3 2 ^ domino* fnui ilia r:ciqlet< Et fi Damnum n:n habennt felagus fitusj. fide cum eo ligattts, fi habcrct i ilU r caput ^ fi verb nihil isiorum habere t y tKnc regni tu prctetl:- one & pace degunt vniuerfi^rex ilia, rrfmmet. And v vnder Henry n. diuers s Constitutions were for kee- g pin^ of Armor, according to the quantkie of mens eftates, one was Si q*is A ms ob'terh, -. her eat fuo , & fi hares ae tali jtatti non fit arrrrs vtt prffit, fi optu finrk , tile ,t in CtifiodtA, habeat fimi liter C mtitt h mm htm qui omit vti pzjfet in ftmiiU r D. Regis, fi epus fuerit, dor.ee hires de tali ft am fit qnod port are pejjet, & tunc ea habeat. Of their fpeciail right of vilng a Seale, the onely teftur.ony I haue- feen r> that of Richard Erie of Gbe&cr, h vnder Henrie i. in his conueysnee h chwie.ve- of his lands in W.mondfiey to the Abbey of sibwg- tuft.jbina ten, while he and his mother, the old Countefle Er- *? : Caa mentrudts, lay there. For hee feald ic with her feaie, M Cttm^nendum emm Aid it are bait he o cmUus erat ) lite- rs ejttalibet ab tllo dtreclx materno jigt/lo include bant «r,as the words are, as if cne vnder the dignitie cf Knight might not in thofc dayes vie a feale : ,w'hich, were it true, is fomewhat proportionat to the ins Aureerum j4m:uloriim in R.me, chaleng'd and giucn to their Equites. For, as with vs , fo there anciently was the chiefe vfe of Rngs for i fealing. Vettres (faith W.tit.dcOvd. k Capito ) non Or n aim fied fignandi caufli annnlunu ^f/M^gf/^C^ feemm circumferebant. Yet, by the way (becaufe tou- f '. ching this Roman right of gold Rings ibme controuer- i : ^ nSA : fe is, and few well vnderftand ir) you rmifr notrlunk, 7.09.13.' vide that only tbofe which by the Cenfor were made £- inLiffimad cjuites, and truely in Ordme Equeytri , had this Right, ' I ^'- t - - but a'fo others, and vpon other feuerall reafons; nei- *' 4 ' thcr wis it more then a foulcliers brag in Afago,\xhcn after the ouerthrow ad fantjsu, he fhcw'd at (fi.'.r.hage 1 three bufhels and a haife of gold Rings ( iome (ay | hiQ ^- T t 2 but yi\ ^Titles of Honor. but one buflicll) taken from the flainc and capciuetfj- mans y and fent to Hannibal^ affirmes , Co to lay the m li*. Dec. 5, greater name on the vi£orie, ,n Nemmem nifi Equttem, Ub.$. idem, dc atc , eorHm ipforum primdres y id Perere in ft a ne. For Pliny- Eatutibtutm- doubts not but that then the vie of them was pro- tummodo, ad- mifcuous , and affirmes , that, afterward they bc- fi mac -Din hi- came monglt thediftin&ions of the Ordo EqucHris An- /Lr.43. yerum rtnli dislinxere (faith he) alteram ordtnem (that is, the roa\fide d fWr £ 1" c & r *J" ?kbe * vt f emei «*t tr4n * C S C ^elebres t And PHn.hiil. Nat, -A nnH l l plane medium Ordmem tertiumc^ Plebi & palri* 1$. cap. i.&z. bus mfcr Here % ac quod arAea (JMilitares Equi nomen de- derant, hoc nunc pecumt Indices ( fo Lipfius conieclures it fhould be, not indices )tribuunt. Afterward vnder 71- beriHS , (then being Confuls C. Afnim Polho and CV Anriftins Fetus) it was commuted , that none fliould enioy this right of gold Rings y nifi cui In genua ip/i,patri t ana a, Paterx; feftertid cccc. cenfm fui(fet , or lege In lis the at rail in xiv. Ordinibn: (.* nV»C*Jf.l.}6. n R fcia i and allow'd afterward, but not without fome o Suctoi. in alteration, by their ° Lex lulia, vnder Augullus. Nei- Auiufi.cap.+o. t ^ cr j qc t j ie ^ e wor( | s an y morc t | ien defcribe a Roman Equeffri dignitate, and of two difcents, for the cv.cu. feftertif (cccc. feficrtia^W one) were the (fenfut Eque* ftris. Yet curry one that had this Ccnfiu, was not Em ques properly. None was io but fuch as were chofen by the Cenfor and donati cqxo publico, and equo publico merebantur. Yet fuch as had the Cenjus were (if ac p i.ipf.adu. j ca Q wgenuij Free men) Digmtate Equeslrt, and in the Tu&Tam- rank of thc £?«''"'*" ino(e of thc H*** as had thc ptokutna* P worth of a Senator , they call'd Squitts lllnftres, and Second paru )i? and reputed them in the rank of Senators. As alio the Tri* bttni MiiitHfn (ss it were, Field Marfh alls) were in the rank of the Equites,i\. theTheater.Now as the f^/wa- lone made not the right Eqi;es,no more did the gold rings giucn cither by their Generali in Warre before their Empire,or by their Emperors.afterward. For the time bcfore,I referre you but t<$rCkero his in. Oration a- gainft Vtrres. For time vnder the Empire, the Exam- pie of Volteius tJWena^Pcmpey his libertus or manumit- ted villain (to vfe our language) whom Auguttu4<\ A*- 2)i$.hm I i. honord with gold Rings, end made htm of the Qrdo E- qucttrU^W which was but a making him a perfit Free- man, and an mgenutu , which was as a degree before a libertus ^% appears expretfelyby Sueton deiiueringthe k\( fame only in thefe words, that he was ajfertus in ingenuitatem. Which made him indeed , being of fit worth, of the Or do Eqxeslris (or rather rcadic to bee receiucd into it) becaufejn that, no libertus might be vntiil acquired ingenuitie 3 and in fome fort Ecptes\*s in that of this Mcna, iu r Horace, you fee; r zpodon,^. Sedilibufcfe m,ignus in frimis Eqtics Othonc contempt o fedet. By Othone contempt o % ht means the lex Rofiia theatra- lu (from Rofeiiu Otho ) conftituted for the Honor of the right Equites^hom the Cenfcr had made,and the honor of Equus publkus did denominar ; but it was committed againft by Msna, that, out of his grcatnciTe in fauour and worth of eftate, durft fit in the chiefeft of the xiv ranks at. the Theater. Hee had the right of gold Rings,but was not therefore truly Eques t yet in a more generali notion bearing the name. Diuers other examples like are, and nothing more vfuall then the breach of that co&ftitution vnder Ttbrnus. And by a T t 3 later ip.6 Title s of Honor. Aiat*%. later ( Lnperiall law.cuery one manumitted hath this Nf;tp.oH.&viwe fiaht of void rmfs, and ineenuitie. But the promifcuous Cu act/ Okfcr- ret • i_ • n c uaticipi v ' c ° c ^ ern ,n tn * tmre ancient Roman State is con- ftamly to be afiirmd , I mean fo prouifcuous, that it fpecially diftinguifht not their E quite;. And/that after their Empire, when the iy$ aurcorum annul or ars; wasgi- uen by the Emperors, to \libtrti only ingenuitie was . . thereby giuen although by a iefcript of Diocletian and Aitr.Annul.li. t-Maxrmian^ irgenuitie c paffe not by it. Ttrtullum of veiimivkle a feruani ([trans) manumitted : * Et veslis alb a PP ,ied the words o^ E que sir is Or do, l. to fuch as were fo honord, fdiiam. otherwiie to bee vnderftood then that fo they were * Lib.de Re fur- made fit, and as it were immediatly capableof the true YcfttonecArnu, Dignitie of Eques, if alfo their eftatcs endurd it. But were no more indeed Equites then fuch as had giuen them infignia ConfuUria y Senatoria t oi c £h:jjicri4, we>e therefore Confuls ; Queftors>or Senators ; or then Abbots, to whom the Pope granted infignia Pontificalia were therefore Rifhops.The cfref enfigns,be(idcs of theiighc Equesiris Ordo , confiding moft of all in their appa- rell, the Trabea ( a Miltarie robe interwouen of gold and Purple) and the AnguHus clauus y or narrow gaid in diflinclion of the latus clams or broad gard of the Scnatou. u TapmmSjIr *f anguine Cretus uar.%.ad Cnfri- Turmal^trabed^, Remt, & paupers dim num>si\ emen- dauit Li#fotf. j s a defcrjption of one defcended fom their true E* ques. And it is obferuable, ^ac as their giuing of in- genuitie was by an Enfign and note of their Ecjueftri* Ordo , fo with vs anciently the e franchising of a vil- lain was by giuing him Armcs\\\ the laws of the Con- queror (at leai) vuder that name publifht:)5* quuve- « lit Second part. 327 lit feruttm fttum liber urn facer ejradat cum Vicecomhiptr manum dextram in pleno C emit at u & quietum ilium c Li- mare dbet a iugo feruitutis fua per ma*iumi(ficnem,& c- fiendat ei hberas porta* & vias % & tradat illi libera ar- ena falicet Jane 'earn dr G I adtum.de in de liber hemoeffa it ur , Bt ,as touching the right of vfing a Seale to be pro- per to a Knight in our Nation, as o^t of that of the Earlc o\ Cheslerjx is colleclcdjl d ubt the Monk was either deceiud or deceiues in reporting it. For irfcems that from the infancie of the Norman Empire hrcr, Seals were lawfully vfd by mean nun, and of all forts. For whereas the Saxon vie was to fubicribe Cha/ters with names and CroiTes onIy,and fo dcliuer them, the Normans changd that forme into Sealing, lngulplus is witmiTe. Chirographornm (faith hee) eonfeitiontm *sin- ghcanam qua antea vj'q ? ad Edwardi Regis tempera fi- delmm pr 'efent mm fitbjcr •'iptionil us cum Crucibus aureis a~ tyf%? f !Cr ^' fig^aculis finnafaerunt^oriYiznni condemns-,:- tes Chirograph* Charts s v;cc.bant i & Chart arum frtmta- tern cum area imfrcjpone per vniufcuiu;^ Jpect^le figil- lum fub instillation e trium vd quatuor ttstiun aftantt- um conficere ccnflitue bant, Doth not this allow ail men, that would, the vie of Se*l$?arid at the Conquelt.And, that vnder Henry i i. there were inferior rcrfons had them, is iumfied out of one that then * wrote. Si df- x £/^/> biter (faith he) cartam farm n n zduocat .due hits modus ei- lib.io.ap.iz. dem contraire, vtl ccntradicere (creditor) poteft.f.ilicet ;p- f'am figillum in Curia reeotrmfcenda fuum ejfe &c, The like cut ot that J Fine in the Cour.tic.tw-.xt Wklur of y u . Hc n *. Fridzftcrp and lie Has his fonnc , and John of BitterUy t pudD.'Ed.Cofe leuied vnder Hen.w. aud fealed with the feals of the in prafatM lik Father and Spnne.E ther then the Chronicle ofiAfanrt 5* don roitinirru&SjOr els it wills Lhat the Earlc of Che* ftcr being yet not of theo'dtr of Kirghthood vfed h ; s mothers !eale,th:t is, fuch a one as hers was with- ut differcnce,bccaufe pes haps after the order rccciudjcm change 3 2 $ Titles of Honor % change was to bcc added to his. For Vu Tillet cites an old Judgment of the yeer ciD.ccc.ixxvi.wherin he faith an Efquire dnitur^cpim E que fir em Orc\vxcmfu[ciptt % figilltem mxtare. But hee fpeaks it only of Burgundie, x chonM. Others,being moud by the Monkifli* report touching CU*bTd\i RlChard LUC 3 Chief luflicc _ of E"g la n a his finding fault u,» r**fiiHS» vvlt ^ 1 a mean man for vfing a fcale vndcr Henrie n, 4 o S . trunk that in thofe times they were peculiar to men of the greater fafrnon,and that they became common not till about Edward in. Indeed diuers Charters were in the Norman times,bcfore that, made without * Brattonhb.i. f ca ' cs ,y e t an old*Lawicr vndcr Hen.n i.reOjUiresthcm deacq.rtr.dom. as <* ai1 cffentiall part of a Deed. Nor doth any one rca- taj>.i6.§.ii. fon more mouc me to bcleeu the ancient 3nd promif- cuous vfe of them hcrc,then becaufe for the moftpait all Nations had them,and in their Writings and Deeds a Hi(i.Nat.3$. in one fort or another v(d them. And howeuer a /7i- c*M* nie affirms that Egypt and the Eaft were only conten- ted with letters, omitting feals ,yet its certain that the lews had them , and in ancient time often, when they made a contrac^two Deeds were writcn, one contay- ning the contract at full, with all couenants and con- h x&lJ\ScT dlti ° n$ ' VVhkh WaS f ° ldcd V P flnd fealed b With lHc lk.ilencLi*ri- buyers ^cale,thc other containing a generall recitall of kxnfij.cap.n. vvhat thing only the Contraift was ; and this laft was &Kci&ov(i>i(i- fhewd open to witnefles, who inferibd their names on ?jcAy^i t he backfide of boh. That, fo the Witnefles or ftan- avy[^U>j\yj t j ers by m ight not know the fumme,timc ofRcdempti- ToltZlT' on,or fnch iikc : y ct bc€ ablc to iuftific thc truth of the inftrument comprehending them by thc inferipti- on of their names. The Scale they calld ftftftandthe Deed or inftrument writcn ^M?, Sepher which is a c Elasin book alfo,but the c Rabbins cxprcfle their Deeds, Rc- 'ilmbitc. kaies,Obligations and the like by thc name of ^117 Shctar or Sctar, whence thc word Starrnm or Starrg for Acquitanccs or writcn tcftimonies of Contracts is Second part. 5 1? vfd. So mufl:>you vnderftand it in that Roll, in the Towcr,of Placita apnd Scaccarinm Iudcorum de Termi- m Pafcha anno Regm Edvvardi nono\oi Edward thefirft. Salomon de Stanford Indent recognofcit per Starrurn fn- #^,occurres there ; and an Acquitance or Releafe by the name of ftarrnm is there a pleded to haue been d f.Ed.i.lu. tried before the Shirife at Norwich by a Iurie of Sex dcorum Kot.a,. probos & legates homines & [ex legale s Iudeos de {*iui- P^fib.No/f.3c tate Nonvict,md found to haue been the Deed cfone [^smbuk Gehta a woman lew of . pofuit paruum figillum fttutn cmdam fcripto quod fecit Staff 0i Decano & £apitulo de n Lichcfcud de confirmatione & n Lkhefeild. qnieto clamco de aduocatione de Herdcl, & apponct figil- lum fuum magnum pradi El J crip to circa tertian? ScptL manam pofl Pafcham. So much for Seales. Among the Reafonable Aides due from Tenants to their Lords,one fpeciall is a fair e fit k. & heire Chiualer , to make the Lords fonne and heire a Knight. Which is one of the three referud in King hlmsGzind Charter,to be leuied o Charta ifta without confent of Pailament. Nullum ( fo the words cftapud are ° in the Kings pe.rfon ) fiutagium vel auxilittm po- Matib.Parti nam in Regno ncflro nifi per commune cenfiltum Regni & m Am.iUbus nofiyi^nifi ad Corpus noftrum redimendum, & ad pri- homarKud- mo r»enitum Filium noftruni Militcm faciendum, & ad borne, Mona- . s . Cl . a r . • j V / thi mntonicn- pnmogcnitam nharn noitram femel mantandam. Et ad fcsMs. hoc non fiat nifi rationabde auxUtum. And in the fame : T^fs non concedmus de cetera aUcni, quod caftat auxi/i* um Secondpdrt. jji urn de liber is hominibus fais y nifi ad corpus fuum redU mendurn & ad faciendum primogenitum Filium fuum Militem, & ad primogenicam filiam fuam femel Mari- tandanijd" ad hoc non fat nifi rationabile auxiltumJTh&t aide de Ran$on(\s it is calld in the Cuftumier of Nor- tnandie) occurrs not as I remember in our Law annals printed, but in the not publiflu yeers of P Edward i. u^d.i.fol a releafc by one Robert of Bent ham to the Abbot of ^, Ford is pleded, of all feruices forlfris fait reall & rea- fcnMe aide pur luy reindrs hors de prifon oh ces heires quel heur qti tls fuffent cnprifones. From the l<[ormans vntill Edward i, thefe Aides were all vncertain, but to be leuied with moderation a*nd according to the quan- tise of the Tenants worth tie <\ mmis granari inde vi- „ Gtanuillib.* deatur vel fawn contenementum amittere. Neither was caps. any certaintie of Age in the fonne and hcire, by the law, known. But in in, * Edward i. ic was enacted, r mft.ijcap.i$ that,for the Knighting and marriage, of a whole knights Fee fhould be xx. {hillings giusn, and of xx. pounds yeerly,focage,as much,and fo pre rata: and that none fhould bee leuied vntill the fonne and heire were of xv.ycers age,and the daughter of vn. But the King was not bound by this Statut extending only to com- mon perfons , as appears by Records *" of interceding f parUo.Sd.u time,where the value leuied was greater. Therefore by ^r/.4?.alibi. the a«5Vof xxv. Edward ill, the Kings Aides were brought to a like value. All lands are fubie& to thefe Aides except only ancient demefne&nd grand and petit ferieantie Tenures, as the law hath been c anciently de- t n. Benefit. liuerd.One that wrote a litle after the Statut of fVett- 31. io.hm.5, minsler i. fpeaking of Auowrie for reafonable aide, a Auowryt^. faire fits eign Chuutler 3 allows as good barrel to the ' m * Auowrie,for the tcnant,to plede that u the Father htm* u tf . m cb felf U no Knight , or that the fonne is not yet of age deprifesdea- pnr ordre de Chittalhr prendre ;fo that one not knight- ncn. ed cannot claimc this aide of his Tenants. And the V v a fit X 3 } 2 Titles of Honor . fit age to rcceiuc the Order is fifceene , according to that Statut, although if the fonnc and heire of a Te- i.laccb.e. ^ an t * by Knights feruice be Kn'ghtcd in his fathers Sr Drue Dm- life time,2t what age foeucr 4 he is, at his fatheis death, ric D.col(e part, cMfchargcd cf Wardfliip both cf land and bodie, and VfF^D^"" l ^ c Wardfliip of the bodie- of one knighted within age C clke partS. c. a ^ er l ^ lc ^ cat b of his anceftor,r:refent]y ends. For the Sr Henry Con- King being fuprem Iudgc of Chiualrie , by knighting ftablc* his fubiec^adiudges him fit for Knights fen:icc,hisde- ficiencie in which kind,by reafon of his age, is enten- ded by the lawvntillone and Twentie,vnlcfle the king adiudge him otherwife. For their Name ; that in all places except England, hath its originall from a Horfe (the moft vfuall beaft of the Warresjas the Rom:n£- qmtes were titled from their Equtts pttblicusjde'ing alfo y Junius Grac- before called y Celeres and Trcfiuli. For to the Spa- chanuiapttd niards they are Caualleros ,to the Italians Caualltert, to Vlin.hb.il. tn e French Cheuallcrs (all, in their rrouinciall tongues, ta ?- u from the Latin Caballfts) and in the Britifh S$argCCtl}5 in like fignification. For, as now,fo anciently £j£arcor SjDarg in that language (as other more) interpreted a , . Horfe* Whence euerie Knight with his two Efquires Pte. m on Horfeback > 5n Brcn*Hs his armie was (hied " Tri- marcifia, which, though it bee applied to the Celts or Gwles (mongft whom alfo C*f ar Specially reckons, as their chief lay Ordtr , the Eqmtes or £pargegfc£J ) ycc wi hout much difficulties may bee communicated to the Britons. And the Germans call t'hem Itepttcrrnj that h.Rtdars : a word in a Scotland to this day yfed, a Buchanan. Qld Ri f b Dm ^ . RekS(Ot.Ub.i.. * in Malcolm. *. ^ , ^ . ILwLa- ... b an £>c ri)e Eq ucs ab Equo IS ftftD cf fcrrr vtf)t, X?o;Ce,£>rKep 0nD Cheualier t£faiD of Cheualrie, anatfoofe. gntDbtcljci Rider eal!FDtsattm$)t. Arrago ocrs tio'.te alfo fprcifrr, Cabaiiicrot!joi!gl;ailtl;atpactie 3* Second part. 333 %s mmt of tETosffct^antj fo f oofe tys ginning ii)f £ps?e* ofgolD,ano crjteflp Riding, As all*thefe inthis Weftern part expreffe a fpcciall ho- nor implying abilitie of raartiall ieruice with horfe .* fo the old Greeks attributed not to a great man a bet- ter name then what truly was the fame with eucry of thofe. That is, iWotc*, whence Hecuba, c calls Pol)me~ c gtiripidjn ftor King of Thrace , tymKi& /Wot** ; and in Homer Htf#fa. iVsrcTA Neslor.So the chief men and of beft worth in d Chalcis were known by the Title of flippobata'uE* &Herodot.lib.u quites* But our Englifh calls them Knights, the word iignifying a Minifter, Scholcr, or Difciple. &eo?nui1g Cntrjtg is vi'd for the Difciples in the old Euange'ifts of the SaxertSyis moft worthie Clarenceulx hath noted. And it was taken alfo for the yonger {oxx/Tjrones or fuch like.. For where the Latine of venerable Bedehzi\\ of King Sigtbertynftituit SchcUm in qua Pueri Uteris e- rudtrentur^hc c Englifh-Saxon hath he pceole guerre c Habes & a. 7. on Sa?jie cnilveT 1 Sponge men grieve T g cr y dc fudcaiumde •J larjioe. i. hee mflituted a Schools , and placed in it Antiq.Canta- Cnil)te$ (Knights) andyong men both formfeed andlear- fo^'ki- tied* At this day a 2Dicncr,feru3nt, or vallet i3 both in Alemanique and Belgique called {£in !&ttect)t And to this fenfc in Cnichtas, in the trarflation of TZede, per- haps hath yr$ nants in Ancient demefn t - although they had their large libertie ofdifcharge and quiet (as now) yet were rec- koned fo farre from the worth of old Tenants by Knights feruice, that they had not rank rnongfl: the Libert homines. Therefore in the vent of* Right Clofe, the Tenure mutt not be 'laid per libemm fcrmtwrn, becaufe (faith the Re- gifter) no Free mm may bring that writ, and whereas, by the Statute of Men on , qmlibet liber homo, may make an Attourncy, it was ' adiudged that Tenants in *y4n- \ Tewp.Sd.j. cient demefn were not in thofe words comprehended, tit. Attorney And in an action of ' Difieit againft k William Mamman I02 "^ ' eca ^ e and others, by the Abbot oiHeaulieu touching the Man- pfois p *lci n & nor of Farendon, which the Abbot clsim'd as ancient laeft adiudge. demefne by the gift of King John , the iffue being vche- k Vlacit. coram ther part of it were Ancient demefne or no, the Defendant, RegedeTemp. Petit quodinqu 'raturper Miiites, &pri JLo?&et&e King, lauocfl t;i0 people of ttjts Countric^at ftjoulD Ijaue Ijclp l)im nt tlje battatlle of Beighland, atmw bp tl>e Countrt* Bi* Copeland , an& t^OJUgb t&C GBrlDome Of Lancafter. OT&crfo?e our !lo?Detrjcftt!?ge toasfcomfitcD thereof X^Scottist^ojugl)t^itvefonnanD ralfeneiMiU) if tyou yfi Titles of Honor > fjafcfceSccmcbctrmc^bc IjaD tcu t\)t matffrpc. 9«t> all f Ijat trtfoun ttjou tJeticfl fo; tt>e famine of OclD and fepl * uer,tfcattboubnt)erfeng of lames Duglasa Scottc, ttje Binges enetme. an&ouriloj&tbefting is toill istbat tJ)eo;Djeof^mgl)tl)oD0,bvt^c fofjicbtbow bn&erfeng all in bono; ana in tourfl) tpc opp on tt?i bo&p,ben all b;ov. sh t tntfl nou^t.anD tl)i &tatc fcnDon, tljat ot&er fcm'gbti of lotoer*egree,noto after tbebe foare.tbe fobieb &o?oe t)at^ tbe auaneeo b«0^P to atwerfe Comitrees of Cng* * Their. Ian!) : ano all nofo tafee enf ample by tbe, * ^ere !Lo;&e af* tertuart) fo; tO feme. Tho commanded he a knaue anoon to hewe of his fpoves of his heles 9 And after he lete breke the fwerd oner his heed 3 the which the Kinge him gafe to keepe and defende his lands therwith when he made him Br I of Car do ill, sAnd after he lete htm vnclothe of his furred Taberd t and his hoode, and of his furred Cotys, and of his gyrdell, and when this was done Sir Aratonie faid him ; hndtevt, quoth /?<%noto ert tbou noikntgbtbtit a fetttltte* And fo gaue iudgment on him that hee Jhould be drawn ban gd and quarter d , and his head fet on Lon- don 'Bridge y which was executed, Walfingham in his Tpo- dtgma remembers this, but briefly. And one addcth that a Tk.Auensbu- nc was a C^ C€l6 & Chirothecis exutus alfo. Some dif- rieapudcam- ference is in that ofSir Ralph Grey condemnd of Trea- dtrunmyml. Ton by the Earle of ffircetter high Conftable of Eng- b LStow. land ,\ndcr Edward iv.at Doncattcr. The b preamble of the judgment was thus : Sir Ralph Greyer thy trea- fon } the King had ordained that thou ficuldcsl haue had thy [purs ftnkjn off by the hard heels, by the hand of the Ma far Cooke, who is here readie to do as was promifed thee, at the time that hee tock^ off thy [purrs, and ftid to thee as is accu Homed, that and thou be not true to the foueraigne Lord , hee /ball /mite ojf thy /purrs with his Knife hard by the heeles ; and fo Jbcwd him the Mafter Ccok^readie to doe his Office with his weapon and his Kuije. (Of this more where wee fpeak of the Order of Second part. 3 ip of the Bath.) Moreomr Sir Ralph Grey the King had Ordeind^here then way eft fee, the Kinges of jirmes , and Heralds and thine own proper coat of armes , which they fhould teare off thy bodie 9 and fo Jhculdsl thou as well be degraded of thy W.rjhip , Noble ffe and Armes ', as of thy order of Knighthood. Alfo here is another coate of thine jirmes reuerjed^ the "which thGU fbouldeft haue worne on thy body, going to thy death-wards ; for that belongeth to thee after the law. Notwithftanding, the difgradmg of Knighthood y and of thine armes y and Nobleffejhe Ringpar- doneth that for thy noble Grandfather, who fuffered trou- ble for the Ktngs mo ft noble predeceffers. And thenhec gaue « iudgemenc on him. For a Corolbrie. to our c DcDegra- KnightsJ adde that of lehan le Breton in his Chapter datione Mili- De appels de Mayhems /peaking thus in the Kings per- tum confuJas Ton : Afcuns trefpaffes font nequedent pluis punnijfablesji- hcetSegarum come trefhas fait en temps de peas a Chiualers au a ,au- l ' \-i"'-' r ti it r n / ^ rri nonlibuit tres gentz> Honor able spar Kwaus Cr par autres Vilesper- transferrer fones y en quel cos nous volons^ fi ribaud foit atteint a la fuyte de chefcum Chiualcr, quil eit feru par felonie fans defer t de Chiualer ^ le Ribaud perd fon poin d* ont it trefpaJfa.Tbzt a bale fellow fhould loofe his hand for ftriking a Knight, excepted in time of Iouftes or Tor- neaments. Of other particular attributes to Knight by reafon of diftin6t orders., prelently : after we haue firft fpoken fomwhat of Efquire. That name challenges the next place here.althoughnotby prccedence ; yetbecaufe it is not fo peculiar to certaine time or place, as the Orders,and no more then the general! name ot Knight. Efcuyer. Scutifcr* 2x«7wp/©-. Armiger. Attendance by Efquires on the ancient Gaulifh Knights, §?cntlp02» &>l)telts-Imapa. fttiaue. Grand Efcuyer. Tzaggar. fine ranks of Efquires % JYhen in England it began to X x a be ^o Titles of Honor \ be honor arit. The Collar of S S. How Armiger be- came (ignificant as in our dales. Peers. Lex tcirXyand Amittere legem Terrf . Expoftion of gents dc lour Condition in the Statut de Proditoribus. Richard Earle of Comwz\\,br other to Hen. in.would not ac* knowledge the Englifb Barons his Peers. Triall by Peers. Amerciament by Peers. How a Bifliop partakes of the prerogatives of the greater Nobilitie t Pares Cur- tis. Douze pairs du France. Their iuftitHtion.Vimci- us. Batfrtooj7a7wp. ^*^tJP*** t9 Iofeph by the E« gyprians. A CHAP. X, S moft other Dignities had their beginning out of fome Officiaric performance , fo that ofES- QVIRE,as we call it,or, as the French ^Efcuyer. Both doubtlcfie comming from Scutifcr or fcutarisu ( this the later Grecians hauc in their Xwr*}i&) which de- noted him that bare the Shield or armesofhis Knight. Thence alfo Armiger and Scuttgernlns are Co vfd by a InCfifm. * FlautHs;n\d of ' Butes, hie Dardanio Anchift Armiger ante fnit .fidnffe ad limina ch/Jos* h AhntU.$* f ail h b Virgil* And Tacittu, of Cartimandua Queen of the Brigades , a Britifh people about now Torkjbir*. Spreto Venufo (u fuit maritHs) Armigcrum eitu Velio ca- tum in mairmomnm regny.m^ acceptt m So mongft the G f ^cians,v©-etczzriJ»>',\5ffl'*«F79TiV> an d daxnl^l^o; are (in Eh~ ripider (penally of the ancients ) of like fignification. And the old Gaulifl) Knighcs fate at their Round Ta- ble attended by their Efquircs, whom Pefidonms calls Secondpart. ^j * r*{ ^t/pe«f QvfoQofims i. healing their Sheitds.'Whom, c ApudAthe- I gheffc , the fame with the two Umt& or Minifters n j™wvip™- which accompanied euery Gaulifi Knight in the wars. J°P*'4- & l>a *-. And that attendance, on their Knights at Table,well • * X °' agrees with Chancers fuppofuion of his Squire, that €mttis %t foa$, lotolp ana feruifable, SnD fterfte before Ijis faser at ttje Sable. His Father was the Knight. In Holy Writ k is ex- preft by <* ^^ ^i/frw ^wrf.Thc Longobards and a i.Samx/df bearer. 14.4* ift P*/*/hec eft Armiger,^ colUEianens erat, vt regem inter- ficeret, inijt. In like fenfe was the German e §$ci)il&' cVerfogan... ImafUfiX &btelD-knabe,or &ttaue vfd. So Johannes de Ter/iponbus is rcmemberd to haue been feb^lO-fenaue to Charles le maine ; Latin Stone calls him j4rmiger> For howfoeuer time hath brought the word Iknaueto a denotation of ill qualitie, it was the fame with the French Cjarfon or Valet , or our Engl fh "Boy or Ser~ uant^nd perhaps alone fomtimes vfd for Efcuyer(zs the Word literally imports)in4uchfortas Genu* is for Jpecics*. 3?0) none fo pjeuutbat Bare me fcciw ifcnigbt no? knaue^Crjanon^jicB ne $cnne £Ea tell a tale plainly a$ ti)ep conns faith Dan * Lidgate. And old * leffrej : f Prolog/tn ex*- cid.Tbcbarum. . 3*M to fpare in l)0«H)olD tt# oifpence, * sparcbant* atrneferuantootftmo^eDiltgence; *' %%v goon to tecp tban Dotfe tftin ofone tuife : fnifht toilUlaiwe balfe part all bee life* SnO if tljat ttjou be Gcbfe <25oD me fa wc 34-^ Titles of Honor. Cf)t>t)crv> ctone frten&s o % a true Knaue trcioli kctp tf)ce bettcr,t!)aii Cje t^at toattcflj a?e 3f£cr ttjp goot) anD ^ttj done man? a Dap. where ^crttant and liltfauc are as Synonymies. And fenapa anciently, knaeb and fcnaue are but different in pronunciation or orthographie.The name of the French Cjrand Efcuyer (he is Matter of the Horfe) had,by o- riginalhlike rcafon,howeuer fome will otherwife. Lupa~ niu calls him (JMagnus Scutarins , and faies that eipts funt partes Regi Equum afcenfuro vel ex eo defcenfuro % eiuxtliatricem pr< v ^ fo!emnIy,in all places, and times, except fpc- mfi o?$ik. ciall fea-ft daies (when it was the office of the T^ag- rbtAtfr. ga t t\\n is thofe which prouided the empcriall Shoes called T<,aggU ) to bea:e befo e s the Eojperor the primmienus A/Cexfcor w-iDtihrik Velum or Standard ( as the French GlouerSo- Oriflimbe) and the fit CctrtMut cwmfiov i. the Emperors merfeti» dun- Sheild in a cafe. But, why in difquifition hereof, one jionefuaqua- ncec J flj e to imitation^ fee not, when the thing felfof bea- iTirumfb ri "& tbe Shie/d W3S f ° coni!T * on ^ nd in likc for ™ c > to ca^ilMtjn' m °ft Nations. The reafon of the name in thefe sp- reading this apears ; and how it was firft as others, oftkiarie, but diuifion,re- became thence to be meerly honorarie. A fiuefold di- membcrthe njfion of thofe whofe dignities arc known by it, you b^tt^Lw- haue in tlm our m ° n lcarncd CUraiceulx * The firft wmandxbe " anc * ll chief of them a-e Efquires of the Bodie , the fe- conkqucnccs cond,Eldett fonncs of Kmghis , and their cldcft fonnes thereof. Sec it fucccffiuely. The t\\\xd t eldes~i fonnes of the yongcr fonnes jnthencxr of Barons , and others of the Grearer Nobilitie. The chapter in f u:ih fuch to whom the Kino aims armes with this parr, and that . . . *. * , . Ttpttftim\t tic!e,or creats into it by honoring them wuh a Siluer beiore^.341 Collar of S S.and filuerd Spurrcs ; whencc (faith hec) in the Second pdrt. 343 the Weftern parts, they are called W\)itt fpurrea for diftin&ion from Knights that weare gilt fpurres. The right of primogeniture in their lineall pofteritie is ac- companied alfo with it. The fift fuch as haue fome e- rainent office in the Common-we/th ,or ferue in fom place of better note in the Houjhold. And,as his obferuation inftru&s him, the name of Efquire began to be hono- rarie about Richard i i. And fee in the Prefaee one made Efquire by patent with Armes giuen vnder this Itjchard. For that of the Collar of SS; a Iuftice vnder . N > Henry vi. vpon the bench, thus : If a writ of debt be h^.^/,/"! 4 * brought againft the Ser leant of the Kttchin, in the houfe vide fi vis* Au~ of the King, or again s~i the Sergeant of an Office , in the ftoremReli- houfe of the King , / flail name him. Cook , and my quiaruro,fwg. Writ is good enough^ and yet hee hath a Collar, and is % A l - Sm " a Gentleman , which I adde, becaufe hee makes the place and Collar to giue but the name of Gentle- man. Nor indeed is an Efquire in Reoutation now other then a Gentleman of the better Rank, hauing his honor either from fome particular of defcent or Function, or created into it by the King, as into the firft ftep of eminencie before common Gentrie. Nei- ther rcfts there any communitie now with the name and the Dignitie: as the word imports. Neither can I beleeue that the interpretation of Armiger by the bearing of Armes, in that fence as to bear armes inBla« zon is vfd,isto be admitted. The Armes fignirVd in Armiger are the materialls of Armes , and anothers armes, not his to whom the word was anciently gi- uen. And no otherwife was it in the ancienter times of States now remaining, then vnder the Rcmans t and in fuch fpnfe as in that of Valentwians indiferetion. ^Mortem (faith my k Autor) ty£tij mors V alentiniani \ Tko Pro/per, longo po(i Tempore confecuta esi , tarn imprudent er non ™ c "™"& 9 >* m declmata, vt in t erf e Hi t/Elij amicos Armigerofque eius l " lUMSana, # fibimct fociaret. And how Efyuiers were by that name attendant m Titles of Honor * \ If. Ordination. CUffis Regis Fr. in Adam Myri- muth. Ms. m Apud J. Ston*um in Ne* titU Lon&irii} pag.St. n i^.Hen.^. tit. Entrie ^7. v. eciam Mar. Sanud. Tcrfel. Secret. Fidel. !ib.$.f>art.7.c.i. © Glanu'd.l'ib. z.cap.}. & 19. sfrcndant on great men in the. field, the ftorics of Froijfart fpecially and the like inftruft, where the 1 meanelt ofthe Armie alfo are titled by this name. And how Knights and Efquiers attended on Noblemen, and of their hueries, and number, you may fee what is worth obferuation in that m account made by H. Leicester , Cofferer to Thomas Earle of Lancaster vn- der Edward the fecond. You may alfo remember the Retainer n in time of Henry iv. of one to be Efqmre in time of Peace. But, becaufe it was the next to Knight , and both of them had their root in things of gene- rous performance, no name happen d fitter to diftin- guifh the better fort of Gentlemen from Knight, and thofe (as I may fay) of the vulgar Gentric. Thefe are all the generaJl Titles fuperior to Gentrie. Ofthe particular Orders of Knighthood, by them- fclues,and thofe of Barons with the reft vpward wee call the Greater Nobilitie, the others beneath them the Lejfe Nobilitie. And as Dukes, Marquifles, Earles, Vi- counts, and Barons arc Peers y and by that name fpc« cially known; in like fort Knights, Efquires, Gentle- men and Yeomen (being Free- men and Denizens) of all forts in our Law are as of the fame rank for the Title of Panne. Therefore in the Grand Charter wher« no Free-man is to bee imprifon'd, diiTeifed, vtlawd, banifht, or otherwife made fubiccl to any Iudgemenc mfi per legal* indicium Parium ftiorttm, vel per legem-* terra, i. bat by the lawfull lodgement of his Teers, or by wager of law. For fo is lex terra, vndcr fauor, there to be interpreted : and amittere legem terra, that is, to lofc the libcrtic of fwcaring in any Court is vfd by old ° Autors of our Law , for the Punifhmtnt of the Champion ouercome, or ycrlding, in battcll vpon a writ of Right, and of Iurors found gui'tic in a writ of Attaint. And Vadiare legem, and face re legem, are vfuall in eucry dayes records of this age: neither in thofe Secondpart. 54.5 tbofe elder times was any triall more frequent both in Reall and Perfonall actions, then Ley Gager , howfoe- uer fincc it is retrained to fome two or three perfo- nall adtions as Det y Detin-te 3 tSfccompt. ) That 'Parium foorum hath been in cafesj where trials of criminail matter tn fa£t hane been, fo alwaies interpreted thar, what lay Baron foeuer be arraigned by incitement of TreafonJFeloniejOr what is capita!!, nee fhall be tried by Barons ( and vnder that name I include all abouc Barons) and not by any of lcffe Nobilitie,the reft not being his Peers. But any inferior man in like criminail caufes hath his trial! indifferently by Knigh:s,Efquires, Gentlemen, or Yeomcn^vhichinlavv are taken for Pare?. The like interpretation vpon exception, was made in the P arraignment of Sir Nicholas Throckmorton vnder p Hol'wjhed. QxJlfary of the words foit attaint per gentes de leur con- dition .i. be attainted by men of their condition'^ the Statut de Proditoribus of xxv.Ed. i n.aud Gentlemen, Efquires, and Yeomen were indifferently held as men of his condition,althougb he had the honor of Knight- hood. Nor is the common pracTife at this day other- wife. Vpon that priuiledge of the Grand Charter, RU chard Earle. cf Corneal I Sonnt to King John, grounded his anfwere,whcn vpon his opposition in clayming his own intere3,againft a grant made by his brother Hen. 1 11. to one Waleram a Dutchman, of a Mannor indeed belonging to his Earldome.he was^by Letters required by the King to permit Waleram quiet poffeffion, but with a befeeming anfwer , hee mewed his own right, maintained it, and offerd q C Hri<& Regit fob ire indicium q i9*He*.$.m & Magnatum regnij^ex verb & luftitiarim (the words ^ atik ^ Alli * are in Matthew Paris: and this Iuftice was Hubert de 'Bnrgo Chief Iuftice of England, and then newly crea- ted Earle of Kent) andientes nominare UWagnates, ma- xima font indignatione foccenji. Hereon the King verie haftny and much mou'd, inioyns his brother either to Y y render ^6 Titles of Honor \ render quiet pofleffion to Waleram or depart the Eng- Iifh foile. But the Earle, conftantly : qttod nee JVulera- nto tut futon rcdderet, nee fine wdtcio Parium fuorum a regno exiret. Which was fpoken with more iudgmene then what hee anfwerd to the Baronage vpon his re- turn out of Gfrw4/7/>,where,byonefa<5tton,he was cho- fen Emperor. The Baronage required his oth , for a peacefull aide and vnitie with them in ordering the Statc,and the matters touching his ftay in England,buc hec vtterly refufd it, and with looks of intermination, adds,/V0>* habeo Parem tn Anglia : Filiui n. Regis pra- tertti fnm & frater prefentis^Comefcj^ Cornubut.Yox plain- ly,in the Noble Baronage of England, all are Peers, Precedence of Birth, or title notwithstanding 5 that is among themfelues , not to the King. Which Brattcn thus affirms : Parem non habet (Rex) in Regno fuo y quia, fie amltteret preceptum 3 cum par tn parem non habeat tm m vdi folz ? €Yium •' anc ^ thereto one of our r ycer-books exprefly £.&videY*. accords : makingyet as if,I know not vpon what ground, ed.y/Ql.K.b. that till Edward t ♦ his time (who,thcy fay, ordaind,he would be fued by pctition)the King might haue been commanded by a Prpl ace on ly ,n criminall caules now,and capi- &Mattb.Par. tall , not in triall of common picas. And in Capitall fit j63.de Co- fo only, that then Barons arc tried by Barons when DiitcCcftrig. vpon Inditement they are arraigned, For if anAppealc of Murder, Robberie or the like be brought againft a Earon Secondpart. 34,7 Baron, he is (it being the fuit of the partie)to be tri- ed by a Common Iuric.That difference hath time pro- duced ; as likewife another part of the Grand Char- ter touching the Amerciament of Earles and Barons, per Pares Juos 9 & fecundum modum de/itH, is, by vfe in the u Common law,grown verie diuers from what the u videfisc^- Words are. And the amerciament (for the in mifericor- /awGrkfly. dm) of an Eade,Baron,and Bifhopis fiue pound incer- comment*. v.. t3in : and the books giue the reafon where that amer- Co k e f ol '<\°> ciamenc occurres , becaufe t! ey are Peers of the Realm, And fince Dukes haue been here , theirs is accounted x Z9 ff'/ J ° lm x ten pounds.But for the Paiitie of thofe whichfhould &/»i^ #aid £<£ amerce them, it fecms that eucn when the Grand Char- 4./0/.77. Br. tit. ter was granted the Barons of the Exchequer and the Amerciament. Kings Iuftices were held for their fufficient Pares. Out 47- of Bratlon , is my Teftimonic. Ccmites vera vel TZaro- nes (faith hce) non funt amcrciandi nift per Pares fuos & fecundum modum delicti & hoc per Baron es Scacca- rij,vel coram ipfo Rege. Therefore in a Writ of Ri^ht brought againft Henry Earlc of Northumberland ? vn- ,. der Henrie vi. where, vpon Battel! ioynd and default, 1A ' % '* ' iudgment final! was to be giuen againft the Ear!,with the m Mifericordia ,the addition, in the exprefling of it on the Bench, faies, Mes in tant que le Count e esl vn Peer de Realm il [era amertie par ces peers, foIong ? le- z rempMcn.%. flatute.efr pur ceo Nom mittons amerciament en certain* /if.Triall^i. And,although in this point of Amerciament, a Bifliop deEpifcopo be in the fame degree with a lay Baron, yet for triall R °ft cn ^ * by his Peers in capitall crimes he is otherwife,be- qu\ *' caufe that is perfonall ; and his being a Baron is ra- ^Enqueft.43! tione Officij & Tenura ^not of perfonall Nobilitic. Yet &B,Eli^.7>y m alfo in cafes touching his eftate,as in Reall actions, or fol.146.vidc perfonall (which may touch his Realtic) hee hath the vl ^-Com.i. prerogatiue of a lay Baron , as not to haue the Iune Ji^^/il^ returnd vpon a a Venire facta* without a Knight in ^b.Dy.foh k 7 which/or both lay and fpirituall Barons, is allowd 318.0. Y y 2 for ?4-8 Titles of Honor* for a good challenge to the Array, as a priuilcdge of Nobilitie. The rcafon of thac double Parity in Eng- land, that is, that all Barons and Dignities aboue them are Peers of the Realm, and all other vnder them are Peers alfo mongft themfelues, I imagined to proceed from the Feudall Cuftomcs of Pares Cttrti$ y Dc?nus y or Palatij, For as all Tenants eyther Knights, Squires, or Yeomen (Freemen) to the King or Subiecl.are in re- gard o( their Lords Court, and their own like Tenan. cics,F^r/, known by that name of Pares Curtis in the Feudalist I'arons, Earles, Dukes , and the like, being with vs in England Tenants in regard of their Baro- nies,Ear]domes and Dukcdomes, only (except thofe an- cient po{TcfY>rs of xi r i. Knights Fees and a third part, which were fo Pares Baroxum alio) to the King, or rather to the Crown, h;d among themfelues a fpcciall and diftincl: Parity, by rcafon of their Lords fole Ma- icHie ; and might not amilfe bee (tiled Pares Regij y or CV0>^,becaufe the very names of their Dignities fup- pofd their Tenures of greater note>snd of the Crown neccfla;ily and immediatly. Whereas the other inferi- or Dignities as they had to do with Tenures or ex- picffe Offices, were farre mo:e common as they had re- gard to fubiecls. Although in this difference, a fuffi- cient exadtnes of rcafon be not,yct I fufped that a bet- ter is hardly found. The Pairs and Pairries ofFrance, or their Donz,e fairs are of another kind, and as by a fpcciall honor of State lb calld. Of them were anci- ently vi. lay and as many ecclefiaftique. The lay we.e the Dukes of Guur.yie , of Burgnyidie and Norman die j\\c Earles of Th: hit c<%f landers ,sn d Champagne. The eccle- fiaftiquc, the Archbifliop of Rbcims ( in regard of his prcrogniue of annointing the King.chicf of them aJJ) the Bifhops of Laonfii LangrcsQn reputation Dukes alfo) the Bifhops of Be ana 'ait, Chalons ,and Noyon, Earles. Of thefc, the Earldom of Vlandtrs being now in another Do- Second part. 34.9 Dominion, and the other flue lay Dignities vnited to the Crown of France, the Ecdeiiaftique only remain. But fo,tr>at the pleafuie of the State hath fince reor- jyuHmUan. dained diuers other Pairries (as they call them) Bre- fiure$. DuTil- tagne/Burbon, Anion, Berry, Orleans , anJ others. Their /^Piuiours. Dignitie c'aimed precedence cf what other Princes of the bloud foeuerjand its reported that at the Corona- tion of Charles vi. Philip the firft of that name Duke of Burgundie had place of his elder brother Lewes Duke of Anion, vpen this rcafon. But at the Corona- tion of Francis i i. the Q^ Dowager Catharine difii- king that any of the later inftituted Peers (thofe an- cl.Tauthet de cient being now cxtncl) fhould hauc preeminence a{ Dig the Kings children, fo ordered that her other fonnesall clothed in the habit cf Pcers,fhou]d go immediacly af- ter the King. The fuft creation of them by the com- mon opinion is referd to Charles le magne , and fome neater Judgments dare follow it. But its not likely that they were inftituted vntill the D : gnitics of Duke and Earle grew Hereditarie, which was not til! after Charlemagne, Much lefie fhould iudgment rcferrethem to our Britifh Arthur(* time more then cid .yeers,fince)as fome do,perfwadcd by a tradition in cur Britijk (tone, which the great Lawier Hotoman alfo aiTents to* In- deed in Geffrey of UWcnmcuth they are fpoken cf by the name of xri .Confutes % m the life of Arthur^nd Re. bert of GloceFier'mArthur^dWs them the b DoiupcrfS of France. Another and a reformd opinion is, that a- bout CTD.c.ixxx.They were inftituted by Lcwcsvu, which I could haue foon credited had I not feen that the TSriuft ftorie turnd into Latine iuft about Lewes vii.his age by that Geffrey of Monmeuth^s z\fo e Ger- c HotmA}h uafe of Tdburie in his Otta Imperialist dedicated to the FffiteogaU. cap. Emperor Otho iv. cuen next that very timc,had men- i^.&Gagu'm. cioned the xn. Peers generally : with reference of them chrov.^.cap.i. to ArthurSNh\c\\\i feems,they would ncuer haue don, although 350 Titles of Honor. although their profcffions had been mccr Poeticall fi- 6tion,had the name been in their prcfenc ages newly instituted. And many think ( and not without good reafon) that the Urittfb ftorie was, although of no great credit, yet ancient before the tranflation.Others d DePVltersad a rcferre them to K.Robert or Expert. He raignd tvvixt V*U*mi$. 9 6. CID An d doubtieflc aercb.GallMb. /, L . c n c i 2 j • nad their name or Pares trom a proportionat place m f Gualterd* Court to that of the Pares Curtis in the Feudalls.And Auipton che* were titled from the Paritie twixt themfelues, whence FaucbetdeDig- an old Romant f calls them Compaanons: wit*. r & g Xeno[b.cyro- jijfez, de mal me fit voslre oncle Ganelans t*d.i. Qxj, trahit en Efpagnc les doncz, Compagnons. h ZofimMJl. a.vidcvcro It- So do they bo h in France, with vs,and elfwhcre well bnhumscx- interpret the Perfian g ^6t//*o/ i. as if you fliould fay, trcmam. compagnons en honeur. Some , and thofe of no fmall IdftTrnT* 6 ' BO ") hai,c thoughtthat the French name of T^r/came k c.dcco'ff.1.7. out of Patrice s or Patricij which indeed were of like <&v.c.deDc' ' Dignitic in the Declining Empire,and *fir(t h inftituted cur.1.66. (farre different from thole occurring in the elder Ro- 3 cafpodorVar. man ftorie) by Conftantine the great. And howcuer in \2ft* '' a Conflitution of Ih&iofm and » Jaleritinian,2ny thac lemTmulA*' vva$ tvvi ^ e Con f ul naci precedence of a Patrictw , ycc tcenobU Ctji- Sublimit Patriciatus bonor(by the Emperor k Zeno)cAterts nevfi. emmb 9 antcpomtur ,& in the git: of it to l lmportun 9 by Thco* dorif#* $ Secondpart. yi dotique % it's call'd mmm plenarivm Dignitatem. The de- duction of ic is from Pater, and as if they were calld the Kings or Emperors Fathers. oSi £p*tt lv 7«£« m.- 7*p»J ayoptv nuiripvv, faith in Iushnian of them , which m Authm.Zi. in a manner is interpreted in that of his alio n Qui a inPrtfat. neb is loco pat r k honor ant ur. Whence a Vatfichts is n c - c ' eCo f L - calfd Uctr^p £ YLom, i. Father of the State, and ° b*. I'^ld^y^L eiAv®- t*t«p, and, by compofition of the word, p b*- form.i. ' e-/AgoTO7&»p, wherewith the Emperor i> u hauing newly in- ll ^-c*p.7-&9> uentcd this Dignitie, which was not before, as Ce- dren's words are. Neither was it new then (as to (ome other Nation*) but only in compofition. For Haman in the letters of ^yirtaxerxes is faid to haue been fo much q honored, J< rs a^apWGai »#»> /rp©- 5 or MaqiSier anciently, as a learned r man ^ SUcKrfGlcffi: would J I haue not yet perfwaded my felfe. But of JJJT^J* "*' Pwrj and Patrices thus much. v '' ?° • Bannerets. Chiualers a Bannicr. Drappeau quarre. Ba- ron. Of France. Bannerets in England. The forme of making Sir Iohn Chandos a "Banneret. Bannerets not created by Patent .b«VJ^. Baroner. Baroneti/^r Ban- nered in old Monks. A Banneret difcharged frcm be-- tng Knight of the Parlament. The new title of Ba- ron ed tfi Titles of Honor. ronct created bj cur prefent Soueraign. The Decree of their precedence. Knights of the Bath. France and England. The forme of their creation with vs. The 'Bjh.wd they are to iveare vnt ill feme Prince or Lxdie pull it of. Knights of the Collar. Torquati : Order of tht Garter. S. George; fpeciall particulars of him. The Round Table. Delia Nr.ntiata. Order Du Toi- fcnd'Or. Of S. Michael. De Saint EfpriC. De l'Ef- toille. De CroivTant. Some ebfeure and obfclet Orders of France. De la Banda. Of S. Andrew. Of the E- lephant. Of the Sv\ord. Of the Burgundian CrofTe f Difan^ue di faliatore. Di Santo StefTano.DijS.Marco. Peetermen. Why Religwpu Orders are here emitted* CHAP. XI. OF ORDERS, fomc are Religious only, and de- finite to fome particular actions, as the Tem- plars anciently, the Holfitalars , the Or do Teuton icorum in t Pmjp4 9 and diuers other of like nature , fince in- (tituted in ltilj specially and in Spzm> againft the Turks, in filch places where thev are inftitutcd, and being vnder fome Religious Older, and mecrly de la Croce, or of the CrolTe. I reckon them rather as efrlciaric Knight* then honoraric, and omit them, becaufe alfo they occurre euery where els. Others are meerly Ci- uill and honorarie. And, of thefe,fome are fuchashauc their fpeciall honor in moft parts ofthc Wcftern Chru ftendom. others only in the particular Countries where their firft being was. The firft fort of this la t kind are BANNERETS, and of the BATHj and firft of them Bannerets, arc Chiualers a 'Burner , Chiualers a drappeau quarre y or Ecjuites Vexillary from their right o!f bearing a Banner, Standard, or Square Enfigne in the Secondpart. 555 the warres, with their Arraes on them, wheras Knights Bachelors may not do fo.The Germans call them Ban- ner-beers. In an old French Autor: c Le Baron es~i in- t Anthomedz ftesl) .auec vn'Dr appear quarre : & le Banneret auecvn ^f a ^cbc^ druppeau in efcuffon, that JS , the Baron is made by vU £?j /-? King him a [quare E»jigne s or Banner, but the Banneret, C ap.i.§.\o>.& by an Enfigne in Scutcbion fajbion, or a Pennon. And des Chcuakis the Cufto'ins oCPoittca, as L'cyfeau, cites : Le Comte, SBannier, Vtc:mte oh Baron pent porter Banmcre, qm eft adirc qntl *° 1S ^V™ pent en guerre > & en armoines, porter fes armes en quar- f ranc ei4u.z* tiv ce que ne pent le fe'i^eur ChaftelUn , quemfettlement cap.j. Us pent porter en form d'efcxffbn. Yet now both with thern and elfwhere the Square Banner is a proper and denominating Enfigne to the Banneret , which is one (faith the fame Uoyfeau) to whom the King hath gi- cen power to aduance his Banner, although hee bee neither Baron, Vifcont, or Chaltellan, but he ought to be of good poflfetfion, and hace vnder him x. Vaf- fals, and fuch means as are able to maintain a troop of horfe. Vntill about Sdvpard in, they were not in England , as the learn'd Clarenceulx well conjectures. That King ereated u Iohn CoupUnd a Banneret forhis uPaf.1f.Ed.3l great feruice in taking Dattid of Bruis n. of that part.i.memb. name King of Scots, in the battell at Durham. In the zl -& 2 5* formall Creation of them in later time, the vfc is, that betwixt two ancient Knights vfher'd with Trumpets and Heralds, the Defennng bee brought before the King cr his Lieutenant, bearing a Pennon or Guy- don charged with his armes, the end of which , after fome honorable fpceches,is commanded to be cut off, that fo it may be a fquare Banner. Somewhat like is that in Froijfart, onely but in cutting of the Pennon. Where the noble Iohn Chandos, before the fucccfTefull warre had by the Black Prince aiding Don Piedro of Caslile.(Froijfdrt corruptly, as in many other, calls him Dampietre) agoinft thcballard Henry t brought hisBan- Z z ' ner, y } ^ Titles of Honor* ner charged with his Armes, and wrapt vp to the Prince, with thefe words: L^ionfeignenr , voies cy mot b writer e ; ie la vow bailie far telle man mere qtiil vout platfe la defuellopper y & que an ionrdny ie la puijfe letter: care ( diett mercy) Vay bien de quoy terre & heritage pour tenir eft ate ainfi come apparticnt a ce. Then the Prince and Don Ptedro tooke his Banner and gaue it him vnfolded , anfwering him , Iehan vees cy voslre bannierei Dieu vow en laijfe voflre preu faire. Where- upon the noble Chandos goes to his Company, and with much ioy on euery fide, his Banner was aduane'd and born by a Squire. But no Knight Banneret (faith Segar t now Charter) can bee made but in the wane, and the King prefent, or when his Standard Royall is x Rot. Vafcon. difplay'd in in the field. Neither do the x Patents, tySd,%.memb. V ;hich fpeak of any created into this Dignitic, prone 5^«? r °i * i th^ by the Patent they were made, but the recital! is la Wool. mtmb. c , v» a r \ j.proK dc °^ tne Creation, and iome reuenue giucn to the main- Cobhani, & tcnance of the Honor* So are thofe cf Coupland, IViU Rot.Tat.it.Ld. ham de U Poole, and Reginald de Ccbham vndcr Edvr. *. pro Kadul- III# an< J of Sir Ralph Fane for his fcruice at Muftle* 1 c * borough vnder Edward vi. where the rcciull is, by ig. norance of him that drew the Patent, Statttm Qjr Die- r.itatem Baronctti for Bancretti, whereof more prefent- y VarLj. Jacob, ly. In fome old laws y of Stotland they are czWdBan- i.cap.\o\. & rents (which fome deriuc from the Banner being rent v iA eS te m ?jf when the Pennon is took off) but there mentionedas fient U1 they arc among the number of Parlamcntarie Lords. The name of Banmer and r Bamierct haue both fome Kinred with t' in the (jrecuins of Midlc times. VexiU Item quod Bandum appellant, faith Psml Wurnfrid. And Suidat : BxyJby Kcthvat Pupcuoi ti a^ixdov to Iv mKifjiv, i. the Romans call their Enftgne in rvarre Bandttm* It's deriu'd zStepn. TlM out f inc Carian language, z wherein v>tivJk fignifi- T^U A *" cc * ?*&***($****) into 'Latin, by fome affirming that in Second part. 35$ in Latlne it was vfd for Vifiorie , or N/W The good luck 5 induded in the interpretation , might allow ir,buc I rather think, the name of N/wjTacwp applied to chcir Labarnm( their Standardjbearing a fymbole of our Sa- uiour , was the caufe that made any man think that: r Bandum (ignificd Vittorie, which is comprehended in N/KHTHfW With this right of hauing a Banner,remem- ber that which is alreadie fpoken of touching the an- cient giuing of Prouinces to Dukes,Counts,and Mar- que{Tes,to which you may add that anon deliuerd, of the Tuikifh San^acbegJar, Although thofe Dignities are different , yet may they bee here well thcughc on. That communitie of the right of aduancing a fquare Enfignc charged with Arms , which both Barons and Bannerets enioy,was the caufe why the name of Ban* fteret and Baronet hath been by fome confoundecLand the one anciently writ en for the othr. And therefore in a challenge c> the grand Am*fe a vndcr Edward hi. a 22. Ed.$.fo!. one was challenged phr ce £, ilfuit a bavier (or as the i^^.ttt. Chal- Abridgmcnt hath it,* Banneret Jbut it was- not allowd, ^ en S elI 9* and the reafon is giuen^r sil foit a baner & ne tient pas per baroniejl ferra en Fa/fife For,Barons are exempt- ed from Iuries & Affifes^ic fecms,this queftion fuppofd a Banneret fo neer a Baron in Dignity,that nothing fhould haue wanted but the tenure per B^rontam. And in another yeer b Baronet is exprelTely for a Parlamentarie Baron, as, t in the Annals of * Ireland ^HadragintaBaroneti are forxu f$g* 'Bannerets, And the like occurring .in other Monks and c Sub^.1301 Storie,cf that kind, is to be fo vnderftood. No more of thefe Bannerets, after I haue tranferibed a Wu't of difcharge of being Knight of the Parlarnent,becaufe he was a Bannere*, directed to the She ife of Surry , for one Sir Thomas Camoys voder d Richard l 1. It fpeaks . •: , ' . . 1 n rr • • / C. d Clauf.7 .Rich. inusiKex Vicecomiu St4rrut y qma vt accepvmas tu Tno- %Men &.\ijn mam Camoys Chiualcr, qui Bannerettus eft, /lent quam- ,} Q ;/ 0% plures antece/fortim fuorum extitermt , ad ej/endtim vnnm Z z, 2 Mih~ yfd Titles of Honor* MtlitHtn venientmm ad proximam Parlamentum pro com* mumtate Comitatm pr&diili de ajfenftt emfdem Comita- te elegifti , Nos , a duer tentes quod huiufmodi Bannerctti ante hxc tempora in Milites Comitatus ratione alicuiui Parlamenti eligi minim e c onfue Her tint jpfom de Officio J[4i- lit is, ad dittum Parlamentum pro communitate Comitates preditli venturi , exonerari volnmns , and fo commands him to chufc another. But that of BARONET be- came a new erected diftincl Title vnder our prefent Soueraigne, who , for certain disburfments toward the Plantation in Vlfter, created diuers into this Dignitie, and made it hereditarie. The particulars of the Patent fhall inftru£t you. Ordmamw (fairh the King) ercximw consiitmrnm & creammm qutndam slattim>Gr*dum t D?Jttb vcl infia gradnmjig* nitatcm, Second part. 257 uitatemfiue ftatum Baronum huius Regni noHri jtngli& % qui erit vel effe poffit fupenor velaqualis Gradui & Dig- tat at i Baronettorum pradiclorum. And furtheiyhat after the propofed number of c c. made, quod tunc nos non creabimm.vel prtficicmus aliquant, aliam per fen am vel per. [on 04 in Baroneuum vel Baronettos Regni noftri Anglia y fed quod NuTxerus ditlorum cc. Baronettorum ea rati* one de tempore in tempos minuetur^ & in minor em nume- rum cedet & redigetur. Vpon point of precedence a great controuerfie grew afterward between theie new Baronets and the yonger fonnes of VKcounts and Ba- rons; and after the Counfell on both parts three fcue- rall dayes at hrge heard by h s Maieftie in perfon, it e was decreed^ adiudged, and eftablifbed that the yonger e x %.Mau. 10. fonnes 0/ Vifcounts and Barons Jhtll take place and pre- lac obi Regis. cede nee before all Baronets. And that fuch Bat*. nerets as foalbe made by the Kings Afaieflie, his heirs and fuccejfers vnder his or their Standard difplaicd in an %/irmie Royall tn open IVarre , and the King perfonally prefentfor the terme of the hues of fuch Bannerets^ and no longer (according to the mosl ancient and noble wfli- tut ion) ft all for euer hereafter in all places and vpon all cccafionsytake place and precedence as well before all other Bannerets whatfoeuer ( no resell;, being had to the time and priorltie of their Creation) as lik^wife before the yon- ger fonnes of Vifcounts and Barons 5 and alfo before all Baronets. And again that the yonger fennes cf Vi'conts and Barons,.ill bemad.e by the King h'tmfelf fhis heirs and fucceffors in perfon^and in fuch (peciall cafe manner y and firme as aforefaid. « < .And that the Knights of the mosl honorable Order cf the Garter, the Priuie Counfellcrs cf his Maicftie his heirs and fac- et ff or s /he Mas~ler of the Court of Wards and Liueries, The (fhanccllonr and vnder Treafurer of the Exchequer, Chan- 358 Titles of Honor* Chance Hour of the Duchiejhe. chief lattice of the Court cotommlj called the Kings bench, the A4 'after ef the 7^///, the chief Justice of the Court of Common fleas, the chief Baron of the Exchequer . and all other the Judges and B. irons of the degree of the Coife of the faid Courts vow % andjfor the time being, fb. ill, by re of en of their Honorable order aud employment of State and Insiiccjjaiie place and precedencie in all places and vpon all occafons before the yonger fonnes of Vifconts and B^ons.and before allB^ ronccs,/?;?v customs ^v fe>or din ancc t or other thing to the con- trarie nttwithftandwg. But t that no other perfon or per* fons what foe ucr vnder the degree of Barons of Parliament fiafi take place before the faid Baronets, except only the eldest fonnes of Vi (counts *W Barons,*W others of high- er degree , whereof no queftion euer was or can bee made m And in the fame Decree his Maiefhe further granted to knight the prefent Baronets which were then no Knights,and that the hcires males of the bodie cf e- ucrie Baronet hereafter when he fhall be of xxi.yeers, Vpon knowledge thereof giuen to the Lord Chamberlame of the Hon ft old or ViccchambtrUine for the time being jr in their ab fence to any other Officer attending vpon his CM aie sties perfon. ft nil be Knighted by his Maiettie his heirs and fucceffors. And that the Baronets and their de- fendants /ball and may beare either in a Canton in their Coat of Armesjr in an Infcutcheon at their eleclion,the Acmes ofV\({cr^that is } a field Argent,* hand Gueules. And alio that the Boionets/^r the time being, and the heirs males of their bodies fhall haue place tn the Armies of the Kings Maicftte his heirs and fuceeffors tnthe groffe, neer about the Roy .ill Standard of the Kmgjjis heirs and fuccejforsfor the defence of the fame. And \My,that the Baronet sand the heirs males cf their bodies Jhall haue twj affislants of the Bodie to fupport the Pall , a Principtll {JMoumer and four e affifhuts to him at their funerdls, being the meane betwixt a Baron and a Knight, I haue tran. Secdndpart, ^p mos in tranfcribed this,bccaufe out of it may be colle&edfom- what couching other Dignities ; and although a Ba* ra^r,being>a defccndible ho^or,is rot properly mongft Knights,yet,becaufe,by the Decree,a Knighthood is fo due to it, I fhall not be much iubiedt to error of me- thod for putting it here, as occasion alfo was offerd. Thofe of the BATH were anciently mongft the old T rankj. Prifa Franci (faith f Du Til let ) ceremonies in- -. flit nen dis Equitibus mult at adhibuerunt ; vt prim vigi- Hifpanisohm larent diu,Balncifq,& alt] s rebus vterentur. -.-Qmrumce- Hierozj>m.R§- remoniarum v[us mentor ia nostra perftat in Ar.glia 3 vbi mm. apud He* viYos eiufmodi voeant Balneorum Equttes.Thz cldeft crca- «*•»£$*«/& r i n l j • 1. r> ' Ord. vbide tion or them mongft v.s remembcrd 3 is at the Corona- ^anda.Ade- tion oSHenrie iv.(for to talk of Julius Ctfars knights q Ue ft rem dig, of the Bath is the worft of what is ridiculous.) H.e nitatem vece- then in the Tower made xlvi. and at Coronations, resritus &fo- Royall Marriages, Chriftning or Knighting the Prince Ic " n " rcuo ' and inch like were wont many to be made. Ine par- C!imu Q 3 \\i^ ticulars of the more ancient fotme of Creation,arc at rum R CC r em large by others 6 deliuerd; and I had rather refer you faib'itHadr. to them then tranfcribc fo much. In thefe times ih^ 7 **'** inBata? chief ceremonies are(not much differing from the old) ulie ^P l 9- that fuch as out of the faireft flowers of Nobilitie are ^ or ^Ut. Ub i to be thus honord,the h day before the creation, here- cap.ii. mit-like in afhcolour robes,in a hood and a linncn cap, h cawdJnOrd* and booted, go to Praiers,there to offer themfeluesfirft to God ; thcn,attended eueryonc by two Efquires and a Page(remember here the Trimarcifi* which we fpeak of out of Paufanias) they fup together. Thence into a chamber. Where euerie one hath his bed furnifhed "with red Cov.ering, charged with his Armes,and by,his bathing Tub coberd with linnen clothes. In this, after fbme deuotions they wafli themfelues. Next morning they arc raifed wi:h Mufique". Then the Confhble of England, the Marflvll, and others hereto by the King appointed^giue euery of them his odi ; binding him to the l6o Titles of Honor. the fpecall honor of God.his Churcr^and the Kln^and to the defence of Widows, Virgins, Orphans. Then vfherd by the Kings Muficians and Hera!ds«they go in their Herein t-hkc weeds, to Morning Prayer, whence they are in like forme brought into their chamber. The ; e they change their habits, and put on a red fiik robe,a white hn,with like feathers vpon a linncn cap, and white Clones. Then they take horfe, their horfes bearing a CrcfTe on the forehead. Before eueryofihem, their Pages on horfeback bear a Sword hatcht with gold in a Bek,and on it gilt fpurres hanging. The two Eiquires riding on each fide. Before their^Trumpcts, In this folemnitie they go to Court.whcre.by two an- cient KnightSjCuery of them is led to the King, The Page deliuers the Sword and Belt and the Spuires to the Lord Chamberlain, he,wkh gren reuerence, to the King. The King girds the Knight with it , and com* mands the two ancient Knights to put on his Spur?, and they were wont,fai'h the learned CUrencenlx t to kilTe the created's knees , with an acclamation of beft wifhes. Then they dine all together, fitting all on one fide of the Table,eueric one vnder hisShicld.They go to Eucning Prayer to theChappell,thcre offer their Swords .and with another Oblation redeem them. As they come back, the Kings chief Cook, fhewing them his knife^arns them that they proue thcmfcluesgood and faithfull Knight$,which,if they doe not,hc mena- ces them to cut off their Spurs. On the Coro- ation day they weare a blew robe , and wait g:rdc I wirh their Swords and Spurr'd,hauing en their left fhouldcr a hood and a ribband or fuch iike of white (ilk : Of this ribband, thus Scgar C/w/fr ,dcfcribing the old fa- fhion. He full be apparelled in a blew Cjcwn, with the Aianches open in the maner of a P?ufl y and he fbalhaue at his left JJjjtiLler a Lice of white filk^ hanging, which he piall wear vppermofl on his Garment. Jo lung till hee haue gained Second part, 161 famed honor in Armes , and bee recorded by fome noble Knights .Efquires, and Heralds of Armes for jam memora- ble deeds done by him , or by fome Noble" Prwce or No- ble Ladic s xehich may cut away the Lice from the knights pjoulder paying Sir % we haue heard much of your renown^ and that you haue done in diuers places to the great ho- nor of Chiualrie for your fclfandhim that made you knight : Therefore reafrn would that this lace be taken from you. This Order is now fpeciall and in another Rank be- fore common Knights, yet it fcems that anciently none were at all knighted but thus/if you regard only the chiefeft of the ceremonies. Remember what we haue before out of 1 ugulph. And for the Vigils fee the & re- ^ jrw&«H lation of them kept in the Temple at the knighting of f«.bA»\$o6. Prince Edward of Caernaruan.KnA 1 remember Nicho- las Vptcn that wrote de re (JHtlttari vnder Henrie v T. fpeaks of that wearing the Riband as belonging gene- rally to Knights* Mfft Knights then were in the more ancient daies as Knights of the Bath ; for the more ancient ceremonies of creation remain in them only. And therefore, howeuer the name hold not fo vniuerfally, its not amifle to make them ( as Banne- rets) fuch as haue.or haue had their diftindt. honornoc fo much limited to any particular State. Thole two, Bachelors and of the Bath, you may com- prehend vnder the generall name of E 'quite 's *Aurati % or Caualieri di Jprone,2s Sanfouino calls them, \.kntghts of the Jpur. And mo ft of the other Orders, which are appropriat to rheir particular Countries, you mry with him ft'ie Caualieri di Collana or Equites Torquat^'iSvch as for a fpeciall enfigne of their honor, haue fom fpe- ciall Chain,Collar, or fuch like ornament denoting it. 1 iterat fpecalljbecaufe alfo others hme the right of wearing Colhrs ^iuen them, as it feems,in that of lohn Gowcr a Nobie EnghfTi Poet ( vnder Richard it. and HenAS.) buried in the North fide oi'S % M»ry Ouenei A a a Church l6l Titles of Honor* Church in Southward , with his ftatue on hin^his head circled with a Chaplctof red Rofes.and about his neck a Collar of S S. But they haue them as fpeciall gifts of priuat fauor,and as additaments to their honor, not as a note of their Ordcr,except only fuch as arc ere- ated Efquires by a » Collar ©f S S. giuen. Therefore Sanfomno fpeaking of Knights Bachelors, or of the Spur, Portano(fiu\\ he) ftmtl intent* la Col/ana come * Prencifi^ come puro dona de cbi li crea,& non come Segno ctordtne alcuno dt Cauderia regoUta.Such kind of gifts are an- ciently found in the (lories of P baraohjMordechai^nd pafTagcs of the Maccabees &x\& in the Torques \Armik f * • the like of the Romans. And after the battcll of C*- leis, Edward ui.wearing a rich Chaplet k on his head, made of gold and Hones, gaue it to a worthy knight Eustace o\ Ribaumont icomuhzn&'mg him to weare it all that ycer as the Kings fauor. Mongft Knights di CoL Una fourc are of fpeciall and of moft honor: that of the (jartisr with vs,of the Anunaada in Sauoy, of the Golden Fleece in Burgundte, and of S. tjMichael and de Saint Esjrtt in France.Of them 3nd fom others briefly. That moft honorable Order l of the Gartier was (as is truly fuppofd) inftiruted here by Edward in. foon after his victories againft the French at falcu. About cid.ccc.l. Some and the moft part aflfirrae, that the King dancing with the Queen,or rather the Ccuntcfle of Sdisburie (^yvhom he much affected ) a Garter fell from her. The King took ft vp , and ware it on his lcg,and,whether vpon the Queens ie!oufie,or his Lorda rnerrie obferuing it, told them Horty foit que maty fen gdon.l\b.6. fMdcT$rquibus a Romanorum Impp.datis non eft \i quid hie quis cxpe&et. k Froiffart. ) Perifcclidis fine Gartcrij Or do. v if.'?/S - /-V Mi if sums, nicns ,. A t , £1/ I'/faty to/A u- , Aiueb A*, ft (y 45%. fia)> w/}> ' eg* ^ 5^^ worn on the left leg inferibd by embrodering with Second part. 3 6$ thofe French words. The Collir of the Order being of pure gold.made of Garters and knots,and cnameld with Rofes white and red, wcying about xxx. ounces Troy weight, with the Jmage of GVor^richly garnifhed with Hones thereat hanging. Froijfart , that hath many par- ticulars of the Kings affection to the Countefle , and then Hudjfpcaks of no fuch thing as hir Gamer , but in ci3.ccc.xliv. puts the inftitution de la Confrairie Stint George ,or de les Chenzlurs de bleu 1 artier as he calls it , and makes the number at the firft Ioufting, fortie. Which referre to that which we hauc auonout of tVtlfmgham touching the Round Table , vnder the fame yecr , and more light will bee giuen to both autors in thofc paflages. But in the book of the "in- m camd.inA. flitution of this, its mentiond that Richard fieurdeLi- trebatt/s.vidchs en purpofd a likc,vpon forn comfort receiud,in his wars Ldand.ad cy**» againft the Turks and Agarcns fiom S.George, lllab ente Cint:$ntm. (are the Ytovd$)per Dint Gcorgij^f optnatum eftjnter- uentum Jpiritu, venit in mentem vt qnorundam eUclornm MMtHm crurtbm coraceum fubfibulum quale ad marms tunc folnm habebat \tndnceret } quo fhtura gloria memores ex conditio fi vtneerent, ad rem fortiter ac firenne geren. dam expergefierent >ad Romanornm inftar, apnd qnos ilia Ceronarum varietas. The Kings of England arc Soue- raigns of the Order,and Henrie v. ordaind the King of Heralds,(j4r/^,forit. Many fuprem Princes haue been honord with it. Why this was dedicated to S.George, may cafily be known if you remember how vniuerfall a Patron he is in Chriftianitie . For although hee be n now with vs as particular as S* Denis in F r ance, n v 10 ^ en -7' S lames in Spain ,S. Andrew in ScottandJ.Mari in Ve- [g^a^ ** nice, S.Patr ike in Jreland,S m A»tome in Ifaty, yet not on- ly the Emperor Frederique in. Pope Alexander vi.and the State of genoa of later time ordaind certain Col- ledges of Knights de la Croce vnder S. George againft the profeft enemies of Chrift , and the Armes of the A a a a great 3 6% Titles of Honor, great Duke of Mofcouie are iufl as our $ % Cjecrge\ but alfo this very name of the Saint is vfpally taken for Chrift hinfelfe, and his Serpent for the DiuelLIts true that our Edward m.made his inuocation at the bar- tell of Caleis ^a featnt C;otoat D,l$a &aint (25co?ge,and o Anns Com- that Rama^or, as others, ° Rsimel ( where, in the Holy n ^Mbn*i Jlit Warres about ciD.xcv.a Eiftiop in honor of him was gTt.alii. ' constituted, becaufc in an P apparition Celeftial , and p Robert. Mo- °f the Albati Milites he was afti;md to be the Staii- nacb.hi(l. Hiero- dard-bearer, or Antejlgnmns ) is the place famous for folym.ltb.S. his Martyrdome and Shrine,and other particulars in the Legend occurre to this purpofc ; yet Georgij (faith Pope q D///.T5.C.3. q CcUfim) &liorumcfc huiufmodi pzffloties eju£ fib bxretu § 1 em gi[ a. c ^ p er ijib en tur confcripra, propter cjuodyie vel leuis ordtre- trir fubfamiandi eccafio jnfanEla Rcmana ccclefianon legun- tur. In the Greek Menologie hee is cal'd Jropelopho- rtts, which is fo cited by that great Cardinal r Baromus. But I wonder hee mended it not. Plainly it ftiould 1 loann.tu- ^ c f ro p l£0 p^ orHit ^ nc \ an Eaftein f Bifliop writing to chmt.mHypom- ^ a *, 1 u e s- b 7ieum.h) by which name to the Greeks he was known. Of 'him ynu hauc enough in the Martyrologies in the xxiii. of Aprill (on which the feaft of theie Knights is cele- brated w.ch great folcmnitic at^^«T,whcrc the Chap ... pc!l is dedicared ro our Ladic and S.Ge<-rge; the Dean being Rcgiftcr of the Order ) and ycu may fee alfo Ofthi Round ErtxrJ.Crty in his U;c defection of Fnder^e Tabic. Duke of Witcmbcrg his initalUtion into it by fauour t Cantacu^en. of our prefent Soueraign. The CMahumedans henor /ipoltg. i^\m\% t him,as we. They call him Cbederlc , which one cx- tj49* prclfes by ^trif «A»a{. bom talk of S.GVe^born by King Second part. ffi Kin g Arthur irr. one of bis Banners. But what is deli- uerd of that Prince is fo vncertaityhat euen the truth of Irnbono ddeeds, is by incred ble reports of hiiTKob- fcur'd. Yet by the way , his Order of the Retmd Ta* ble muft not here bee forgotten. Some mske his fiift celebration of it at Caerleon in UMor.moutk) ethers at Winchester (where the Table is fuppofd yet to be; but that feems of later date ) and fcamelot in Somerfet is famous u by it. Of Winchester ^ and the marriage of 7- u y uhnd.AC- gerne to Pier Pendragon, father to Arthur > Harding fert.Amrn*- fpeaks as if Vter had begun it for Knights, and lofeph lios, of Artmathia for religious perfons. 3*19 fljsferfo^tmtbcbito isagtbeii begerme, IDo comfort %%t$t fet tl)e Table round 0t Winchefter of fcwtbteG ftnigbte alone, £lpp:otie& bet ^n&mgbtbooMf tijetr foonc, 3£Hr]fc!) tab'e reunD lofeph st'Arimathie, ft% JBjOt&eCtHaDC Of t\)Z Saint •* Graionlp. x SangKeali.. S an git e Royal 3n fcobitfy feematJe tlje Oge petilotis or,cb?tft0 ^berc none H-oulD fit,tmtftout great mifcljief, ^?wui thT S3«t one tljat ftouib be moff religious Lrie of^r- £Df l^nigbts ail jar.Dof tbe i&ouuD fabieebeif ifa* Wcjiz Saint Gral Ujat OjoulD rccoueratiD actieuc SBp aDuenture of fcis fojtunttie. Its like enough fome fuch. thing as Arthurs Order of this kind might be. For out of Heger Earl of Manfi fetid his being of it, the anttquitie of Y that Earldom spmikaM in Saxome is deriud;and in Devbtghjhre , as Sr** tells orteliumm ~ vs,in the Pariih of Lanfinnan on the fide of a (tonie MaPsfeiki. hili,is a circular pla:n,cut.putof a main rock,wuh force ».IY« feats vnequall, which they call Arthurs T^mid Tabic, Buc many particulars of it, as the uames of the Kniehts l66 Titles of Honor. a ttsbUii liure b Albert a us Z>ifntf.J\. c Gcmif.HMh- Knights,thc certain number,theirCoat Armor,and fuch morc,whereof too largely arc teftimonies/ucn as they be, extant, I beleeu as much as * him that faies Sir Lancelot du lac fle3s horfes in hell , and thac all thefe Arthurian Knights are poor Watermen vpon Stjx, A- cherenmd other Riucrs thereto ferric Spirits,andDiueIs vp and Down, and that their fare is a fiilipon thenofe, and at night a pecceof mouldie bread. But, for the Round 7^£/thc fame Duke instituted that of the Golden Fleece, The Collar giucnis made as of Flints and Steels to ftrikc fire, and to it is the Fleece pendant. The number was at firft xxv.with the Duke. He afterward made it xxxi.and Charles the T.in ci^.D.xvi.at 'Bruxelh incrcaft it to Li.What was truly alluded to in the Collar I vnderftand not,nor can fee that any els fufficiently doth. They talk of Gideon ■* fleece, and Jafons, and feme of the PhiJofophers ftone forfooth as concealdin the Golden Fleece. But all fa- tisfies not enough. Lewes xi. in ci3.cd.lxix. began the Order of S. DtS. Michael* Michael^ Ambeis. The Collar is fhclls tied together, gold. S. x^Mtchael conquering the Diuell is annext to it.The word is Irnmenjltrem-r Occam .The 2 ioftitution is z Ordinances that euery one of the Ordcr(appointcd of xxxv i Jfliould du fra*et t*m t htucvnCellter d'O* fait a fiqm/les Uceej Tun ancc Cam** 411 *** tre 3<$8 Titles of Honor* tred^un double laz.^Jftjfes fur chainettes au mailte d % Or,au vulieH du quel fur vn roch.auravn image d'Or de Monfei- gneur S. Michael qui reuiendra pendant fur la $oitrine\ which they fhould bee bound to weare continually. Some think the alUifion was to the x,o( Darnel. Others fay hctook S, Michael In regard of an a-parition of him to his father Charles vtt. v?on Orleans bridge in the warres againftrhe Eriglifb, T>e Saint E* Since this, Henrie in. intticu'ed the Order of the fp rit - Holy Gbosl: (the reaf;n is made,becaufe on a Whit- (unday he was chofen King of 'Poland) andgaue Col- lars oCFleurs de /#,and flames, gold, with a Crofle and a Doue on it pendanr. He made fome mixture of it.and that of S. CMichaeli yet Co that both Orders remain. And by his institution (laith Mcmenw*) the next day at- ter the Collar of the Holy Ghosl is giuen, th.it of S.Mi- chael (hould be added, if the honorM were not before of the Order. Another renf^n of this new one was be- caufe that of S. Michael aboue became too common mongft the vndeferuing,. And what he did was fomewhat like that of Chadless w. h's corredtng the Order of the Star. That ofthe Star was begun by their King /o/^abouc Vclc :ile. t he time of our (7^rr^) which when the fame Charlesvi i. a Bodm.lib.<). faw communicated to many of bafe condition, he a corn- deRepub.ca'j.^. manded enery Yeoman of thcGa d to wear in his cap Atqui ad lo- a q^^ s tarret $ ^ as t | ic forme of the Knights wea- fomquipr^no r ' ,n &' Whereupon prcfently the Knights left it off. For infticuic refe- no greater difhonor can be to vertue , then when her rumalt).rtfc defert h Co proftitutcd. That both perfwaded ihcKmg Girard.HaiU' an .d a!fo the Kirghts, to d > what they did. The King ^•** did it to take away the pretended Enfignc of honor, without di'cft compulsion. The Knights, becaufc they would not be like the Yeomen of the Guard. Theic DcCroiflint was alfo in cio. cd. ixiv. the Order of the Croijfant ewAiuou. ordain'd by Rcnec Duke of sAmou and King ot Si- cily. To the Collar was pendant a GroiJJa-rit; the word inferib'd, Second fart. $6p infcrib'd, Los en Croijfant, familiar afterward to Char let vin. This with the houfe of sAmou ended, but is in fome fort renewed by the Marquefle oiTjra* mongft the Sicilians , as a fraternicie agau;ft the Turk. And in the Aremoriquc Brctagne, Francis Duke there in . . cio. cd. l. began the order of the Compare and gaue ^J™LZ Collars compos d or Corn-ears gold, tied together m0 rica. With true Louers knots. Hereto hang'd an Ermne.Thc Symbole A ma wjwhich was the word of his Grand- father Duke fohn, furnamed the C oriC l u * roY * This Or- der ceasNJ when the Dukedom was vnited to the Crown of France by Lewes xn. his marriage with Anne daughter and heire to Duke Francis. The Order of the b Porcupine in imitation, perhaps, of the Golden b Ords Hyftti- Fleece 9 was about the fame time begun by Charles ch.ridePara- Duke of Orleans, and King of France, the vi. of that *?•/;«*■ ««- name, the word was Comminus & Eminks , and the rotclSt Porcupine hence became a fymbole of fome French Kings. And then alfo Lewes Duke of Bourbon made the Order of the Thtttle of our Lady, with a Collar . of F/«*rz de lis y and leaues of Unfiles, infcr.b'd with s^ari*. ' Effisrance. But thefe with that of the LMontmorencys Dog, and the Cock, now are not. But the Armes of the Lupgnans are often in a Coller made of Capital! SS. with a fword pendant with the point vpward, croft ouer with a winding fcrol, infcrib'd with Pour Loyan- te maintenir. This was the note of the Knighthood of 0r ^r vur - Cyprpu begun by that Familic, but when it's vncer- tain. In Caslile, by Alfonfo xi.or,as others reckon, xn. Los canallem trie Order de la TZanda was inftituted in the Citie Vi- *fc/* Banda,** Uoria, in the year cid.ccc. xxxti. The Band* was as Caftella, it were a Girdle, red, fome foure ringers bredth,worn from ouer the right fhoulder vnder the left armcNone was admitted to it, but fuch asferu'd ten years atleaft in the warrs or at Court, It was long in great honor B b b mongft 370 Titles of Honor. mongft them, but eonfequentium Regum ignauia ( faith (Jbfartana) rerumq 3 human arum inconstant ta in defuetti* dinem abi]t y vt nt vefligium quidem extet. Of S. Andrew The Order, of S. Andrew in Scotland , hath a fuppo- in Scotland. fed originall very ancient. Some refer it to the victo- rie had by Hungus King of the Pttls, againft our A- thelHan after an apparition cf the Apoftle andhisCrofle to H 'mgns ,who with his fculdiers went barefoot, af- ter the battelljto S. Andrews ,and there all vowd feftt- * wg ? (ia\ih He ttor) poster itater,? Jigno Cruris Diui Andree, quoties ad prtlium fuerit proficijcendum y vt tarn in ft gn is villoria fart a diuinitus grata recordation femper habere* tur.pro iffjtgm deinceps vfurcs. CManfit Piclis & pofl cos deletos Scctis exinde hoc ir.ftitutum perpetuum. The Col- lar of it cxpreiTcs 7fo7/<\r,with S.Andrew pendant to it. Certaintie enough of its beginning as an order of Knighthood I haue not yet lcamcd.That Apoftle hath been their Saint cuer fince Regains %Albatiu a Monk (about ccc.ixxvin.of Chrift)brought his reliques • thither out cf Constantinople , whence they were trans- lated from Patra (now called Patra) where he fuffred Martyrdom. ^Andrew was born alfo at a Collar or Garland of Rue,as Francis Mennens fpecially remem- bers. The word applied to the .ThiftleSjAW//// meim* pine laccjfit t Of the Jilc- The Armes of Danmar^ in H^wwandelfwhere, phantitfDan- are inferibd in a Collar made of Elephants , chargd raaik. with Caftles ; thereto banging our Ladie in a radiant Circle,and to that a litle round with three nails. This is the Collar of their Order of the Elephan^begun ve- ric lately by one of their Kings. By whom certainly I know n^t. Some fay by Frederique , father to the prefent Chriftiern iv. In fomc of h:s monies the Ele- pha t is a note Roya'l. Qftbe Tw or din Mennen defcribes alfo the Collar of the Order of bucthland. the fword in Sttethland^mziz in form of fourc fvvords tied Second pdrt. 371 tied one at the end ofanother,and Co lets it about Arme* proper to the OrdenHe tells no time of it,norlknow none* Another there he remembers,? nd puts the C°I- o Afce Sera- lar about the Kings armes.of Seraphinsand Cherubins phms there. and Patriarchall cioffes. In what State to place that the Burgundim CrolTe c rucis p u m giuen by fearles v. to diuers that had well performd gundiae. with him againft Hariaden for Muleajfes in the jtifri- can warres,I know not.On S.Magdalens day in c i o. D.xxxv.thc tenth Planetarie hourc he gaue it to bee worn hanging to a Collar.Ontheone fide of the plate, becaufe the x. hourc was Mercuric s, hee was pi&urd, on the other the Burgundian (like S. Andrews) CrolTe, with a Sccel to flrike fire ( referd perhaps to the Toy- fan d'Or) and circumfcribd Barbaria, But it was not any certain Order, but meerly perfonall to them who were firlt honord with it. Of late in Italy was erecled the Order of the B loud pifanguedi ef the Redeemer. Vincent Gonuaga Duke of Mantcna Saluatorc,//* when the marriage was twixt his fonne Francis now Mantoua. Duke,and the Ladie Margaret daughter to Charles E- manuel Duke of Sauoyjn the yecr cd.dc.vih, insti- tuted it in a number of xx.withconfent of Pope Paule y. Vnder(tand,that in S. Andrews at Mantopia ( accor- ding to other tales of that part ) arc kept as a moft precious a relique certain drops of our Sauioursbloud, n ,, with part of the Sponge. The Collar liath in it threds bemMartyro- of gold laid on fire,and,twixt thofe plates,as it were, losiades*. interwouen thefe words, Dominc probasli. The l x. Longmo Mart. Pfalm is aimd at. To the Collar is annext two Angels i5«« placet, fuppoiting three drops of the blrud,and circumfciibd y de &~ 4m '°M* with Nihilislo tnsle recepto.Thc Duke himfelfis fttftfj^* ' of it , and diuers other Princes were then ioind with him. Neithcr,becaufealfo^/^rt Miree puts them mongft *>'#»'* Stef- tano en Fio- his honorane Orders,w;llwc omit here that of S.Ste B v b .2 phan 37 z T>1 S.Marco. Pcccrmanni Louanienfes. b Apudhipf. Louan.Lb.x. c*p.\. Titles of Honor t fhan in Florence* In the yeer cio.d.lxi. Ctywtf di Me. did Duke of Florence with confirmation of Pope Pita iv.bftituted this of S.Stephan 3 zs vnder Stephan y Pope, Martyr, and Patron of that Sta e.But it was vndcr the rule otS t Bennet; only they haue liberty to marrie. They were purpofd againft the Tiirk^s. Their Note , a Red Crcffe edgdwith gold.The Suprem orMafter,the great Duke of Tufcamc or Florence. And fo are as partly ho- norarie,part>y religious. Aboin cis.ccc xxx.the Order of S.L^fark^ began in ZJenice y znd was renewd inciD.D.Lxu.and honordvvith priuiledges. None but Gentlemen of fpeciall worth in note and difcent were to be admitted of it. The Col- lar hath S.Marks Image with Pax tibi Marce. Men- nens is my autor. Its not amiiTe to reckon the Peetermcn of LouAin> or Homines de Familia S. Petri, mongft thefe Oders. Their Originall is from the warre twixt Hen. i.Duke of Lorraine and Count of Leukine in ci3.ee. xii i. a. gainft Hugh Bifliop of Liege ^nd fom neighbor Prines, wherein the Duke was through the valour of thofeof Louain (their Enfign being S. Teeters Banner) refcu'd from moft imminent perill , not without the lofTe of ci3.ci3. Lcuamans. In reward whereof he honord them all with large priuiledges, and called them Peetermcn. Homines B, Petri Louamenfis (faith an olJ b teftimonie) liber i & priuilegiati ejfe debent*& funt pro, aHjs homim- bus* And Lipfifu faies he faw a Charter of the PatrU ces or Sense there,dated ci^.ccc.xxxi 1 1. wherein one was exempted out of common iurifdidfcion, that pleaded fe ejfe Homtncm S.Petri & ad familtam liberam Demi- ni hucis pcrtincre. But now the name remains , the rights of libertie cxtincl,or as out of vfc, although in the oth of the heirs and fuccclTors of the Earls ofLo* main their priuiledges be yet contained. Here may bee thoughc of thofc Tecnjtles in fome parts Secondpnrt. ^73 parts of America , which arc there a kind of Knights made with folemtiitie by the chief Prieft, and bearing them through the Noftrclls with a Tygers bone and the bill of an Eagle.Nor are^I thinV.any o her of note, and not Religious cxtant,or worth remembrance. More particulars of the habits of fome of them, and of their /tatuts youhaue in Sanfomno.om Se gar Garter his Ho- nor Militaiie.Of Calatratta y Alcantara^S.hmes % znd ma- ny loch like more, I cannot think they are any way fo fiily put amongft Titles Honorane. For, what they are, is for what they doe in a certain place, as for a ftipend ; and the name -of their Knighchood adds not any degree ro them like tho r e Orders of the Collar, or of the Spur, which are mecr honcrarie notes of va- lour,and worth. Why then fhotild we not as we! make a diftin& Order and honorarie,of thofc which in the holy wars did fufcipere Cructm , anciently , and were buried croflelegd ? They had their c Ordinances and c r^ x hab ftatuts alfo. But that was only for one kind of let- apun G.Neuo- uicc , as the Religious Orders all are , and not burgenfMkq. tru y honorarie . And how could the Templars bee ca l Kl2 " accounted mongft Knights (ftach as fit this place) be- ing not allowd by their fhtuts d fo much as st all to d Sta!ut.Te?n- kifle any woman ?Honorarie Knighthood and the fa* P^r.cap.71, uours of Ladies euen by ancient mfthution. run toge- ther fomtimes as Virtue and Reward. es Turkifh 'Dignities. Amirs. Amiradia. Admirall WAm- mirante^r gonernor of the Seajwhence. SigebertW/f- ference of Amiras and Amirseus. Aj/» r '<5£«p. Bajfalar, Ki Mmeicti* Vezir. Vezir a- zem.Ptotofymbolus. Beglars,*«^ Beglerbegbrs. San- zjacbegs. The Turkifh Banners with horfehairs hang- ing from them. Ancient vfe of Horfcha ; re in Milita- ry Ornaments* A Sword giuen with a Banner as in Europe 574- Titles of Honor Europe* Amir or Emir Halem. Their Glebe on the top of a Spear anciently vfdyet aljo mongfi thempain- ted armes haue been anciently born in the field. Ti- mariocs.T/jLwetov. Tegguirlar. Aphendis. Zelcbis.Bans in Hungarie. Zupans. BaW* ** Hefychius.Boiaioncs in Mofcouie. Dignities in Tartaric Superilluf 4 ris,U- luftris,Spec'tabilis,CIariiTimus. To whom thefe belong. A touch of Equalitie in challenge to the DuelL Se- cundus Ordo in Rome. Patricij, H3 I CHAP. X I I. Itherto of fuch Dignities as are in this more We- .ftern world of like name, and fometimes Nature. We fhall conclude all , after deliucrie of thofe Titles vfd in Mahumedifm , and fome other the more ciuill Eaftern ftates,which fo differ from them aheadic fpo- ken ofjthat,but by vnfitintcrmixrure., no place except this , could bee afllgnd them. The chief n,ongft the Turks are Amir or Emir, Bajfar, V ez.tr> Beg, Beblerleg, Sanzjtcbeg y or Sangiac-beg^egguirs^Timariots (for thofe I think fitly are to be reckond a% a kind of honorarie Title) and the names Aphendis and Zclebis. Of thefe in order. For their other Titles mecrly OmViarie,asCWf/-, Cadilefckeris&i Cafmskers.AgiUr, and fuch like I pur- pofely omit,which the rather I admonifh,becaufe thofe firft reckond arc alfo Officiarie , and none fo meerly honorarie as ours of Duke,OountjOr fuch of this day, but veric like the ancient Dukes and Counts fct to goucrn Prouinccs , of whomc before . Of e^/- mir ibmething * alreadic is fpoken,and, for vnderftan- ding of the word , enough. It was and is both giuen *£.*/>.$. partis the Cjrand Stgnior,*i\d fome of his Great ones, as Do- prime, &.p-?8. miius or prafctlus.Amir Eckur , is Dominus ox prafeftfu or Comes fi/ibuli with themj there being two of them mongft the fmks^Bmm sAwir Achur, and Cudzuc Amir Ach*r % At Second part. 5 75 as if you'fhould teyjhe great and left r Matter of the Stable or Horfe. And * Amir Quibir was the grenteft e Dominus Dignitie in the Court of the Egyptian Saltans. The Pocens. Gouernors of Prouinc.es vnder the Grand Stgnicr, had this to them communicated, And thofe Prouinccs in that regard Were titled I Jkpn&Jtat, whereof* i#i, are rcckond Ions iince vnder the Chalph of Ba?dat.Theo- f Tbeopban.*- 1 ml r? ; v >* ^ pud Conftatit. f banes calls them a/zw^c/'af (*£>&** mti e&myf&f, I. -tf- p 9r ftmmi. de meradias magna* fine Fromncias fr*(idiales,*s I interpret, adminifrfkom. Hence had the Eailcrn Empire AfMf^A/©-,or t/4mira- impjap.-.j. lius for a Governor at Sea, compofd of halfe Arabique and half Greek , of Amir and &* , as if you fliould fay >^»;> «'*©- i.prafeftus Mar Is. hud thence had Spain, France Jtahe ' y Engi 'and ,and thefe Wetfern parts their >4- Imir ant e^mir all > Amir aglio.Adnnr all $ox the chief Go- uernor of the Sea , which made fome of our ignorant Monks call the Great Amir and his fubiedr or delegac Amirs, Admiralli^Admiraldt, Amirauifi, and Admiralties ofcimes in their blockifli phrafe. But remember that Amir ahus in the Conttantmopolitan Empire was not as our high Admiralls hauing fuprem iurifdiclion next vn- der the King, He was vnder the s Great Duke,and the g i y[{y A ^ great Drangar of the Nauic but aboue the Frotocomes, Asf. the other Drungars and Counts, as Curcpalata teaches. But, what made the old Monk h Sigebert diftinguifh h $ub A. DC twixt Amiras and Amirew, as hee doth,is to me vn- XXX.Chrijli. known. Speaking of M 'ah timed ,he writes, Hie in regno Saracenorum quatuor Fr%Hy&>yeyo- vui rpctTny*®- im k? ; KUJjVmj iVTVifloV iOflXfc* i*Wtff/i"- — . lli a j.y.& rt fai'h P Homer of Paris ; and the like of Achilles his q AEneid.i. ' Helm. And vpon q that Mcminit& Synefim in En* * >oritur(j ? miferrima cades c$m.c*luitif. Armornm facie. & Graiarum err ore iubarum. memineris& quodhabent Grammatici Seruius notes t lubarum y pro Ct -ijl arum 3 qua de Candis fie- deAbftpj. ba»t,vt eft—Crtftafy hirfuttu .equina .Butalfo the Turkifh Chiifhverum Calendarlar (a kind of Monkifh Order) wear in their Po«e C paffim. Ca P s lon & Hor{llnircs banging. And as the dcliuc- adcas,fi placet, r,n © °* onc Banner or more was vfd in beftowing of Etymologc. European Dignities anciently, fo in this CMahumcdan Mag.in Tj/- State. Ofman vicijfim Mtchaeli ( faith the Mufulmani^ Xfi**: ftoric,fpcaking of the firft Ofman or toman, and Mi. chad Second pdrt. %79 chae! Cojfes ) vexillum manu fna tradidit, qua ceremonial Client es Sultani Turcici fuid in ditionibtu confirmah folent % ac magni pretij vefttm imecit.Xtfkh the Banner (for fo, for ought I know. this rheir kind may be calld) fom- times ( ic feems whet: the Prouince was giuen as a Kingdom or Principalitie and pardy hercditane)a fword alfo was deliuerd, which agrees further with European cuftom. After the death of Mahumed Beg, Prince of Caramaniajhe great Sultan Amurath n.lent \o Abra- ham Beg (Ibrahim he is n-amd alfo) a Banner, quod ei fuo nomtne in manum (faies the {kon^jtraderet^r^ejrGia^ dium quo cingeretur s vt hac inueflitura.quam vocant y cere- moniajeu legjtimus autoritate fu^Princepsjn Regni Pof- fejjionem mifius adgnofceretur. And, if Iouius his rela- tion be true , Bata^et 1 1 . in resigning as it were his Empire to his trecherous fonne Sdim i.vfd that gir- ding him with a fwcrd.But not only the Sanz,iac-begs y but the BegUr-begs are by this ccremonie creatcd,and the great officer Emir or jimir Halem deliuers the Banners, Emir HaIem((o LeuncUw) fignificat Dommum VcxillcrumjC^ ftammeolcrum qmfcilicet fupremus eft SuL tani Vexilhfer^& omnibus Beglcrbegis ac Sanzacbegis, qnum creantur % vextlla fit* porngit. Magnus FUmmeola- ru y Magnus Tlammularis apud Gracos. You may fbone meet with the Greek ^a^kov ( whence thofe words, arid the French Oriflambe) in Leos Tattica,Codin % ?or- ^ phyrcgenetes^nd fuch more.By the way,as touching their Banners with Globes on the top,their ancient vie was fo ; which yo fee in that of the holy War between cid.xcv. and cid. cc. where Robert Duke of Ncr- mandie flew one of their great Amtrs y \\hofc Standard a Kalmunelui had a in fummtt ate Arger.tea haft* pomum Aureum^'hich d'Agilesfci/2. the Duke offerd at the Sepulchre,hauing bought it of f 2?** one that took if 3 by right ofwar,for xx.marks. And their 2 \ x \ funerftition will allow no pictures of b Arms or fuch b septemca- lif^; yet its reported that a great Souldier and Knight firenfea^io^ C.CC2 vnder }8o Titles of Honor. vndcr the Egyptian Chaliphat ( being afterward Of. c Delonnille liph or Stilt m there himielfe ; my autor calls c him tnlzmcdeS. Scecedun,and it was towards the end of that Caltphat) 7 1cVv M7 ' aU did bcar in his Ban!lcr lhe Armes of thc Germ * n Em- 3140. an * peror (from whom he had receiued Knighthood) and of the two Sultans of Aleppo , and Babylon t that is of Egypt tThc words of the old autor arcj 11 port on infes bameres les armes de /'Empcreur qui lauoit fait Che- ualier,^ cFioit fa bantere bandcc y d'ont en Inn des bandes il portoit pareillement les armes du Souldan de Hallap- pc : & e.% Vautre bande fung cosle efioient les Armes du Souldan de Babylonie : which fhews that notwithftan* ding their Mahumedan precepts they haue born pain- ted Armes* Vnder the San^ac-begs are Timariots, but both vnder the Beglar begs^nd read ief or feruice at their command. The TimAriots are fuch as haue lands (thofe fpecially which are acquired by the wars almoft as the Adilites limitanei in the old (tatc of Rome) affignd to them to hold as itwere by Knights feruice , and by rcafon of the tenure are bound to thc Wars. Of them, arc reckond vnder that Empire About dccxix. cid. able fighting men. In Afia and Afrique fome cdixii. cid. in Euope fome ccivn.cio. and in them and the At^amcglatjXMx is children of Chiiftians taken vp to make Iaivzaries,thc chicfitrength of that State con- fifts. The name, as many other,came out of Greeks in- d Dmafccn. to T:r<\pK T/fw'p/oy a hath been vfed as T /f/w for a Sti+ Studitc* apud pend y Price>cx. Honcrarie reward , and from rifxi quefti- LtuncLVandctt. onlcs had its beginning. And j'imar in Tuikjfi is now Tur " a ?~ 1 **' as RMlch as Vefaa-al ci.r the like; vvhc.ee thefe fe ftion.Turcico. m artots arc by iome Greeks calld 'Tz/^pctrc/* out mce ham. thinks Mcurjlus doth not well interpret that by Ho- f ibdcondyl. ncrati , vnlcfle he had added flip en dio mditzri, or fuch hijl.hb.%. like. For to that hath all thc honor r^tyccl, which thc Timanots cnioy. Of thcfc,you fliali fee Ofman otOth- man the fiilt his Conltitution,as thc Mujulmamqut ■ tfe- ric Second part. ^gi lie hath it in Latinc. guicunc^ Timaria vel in yillarum vel altorum pradierum Conftituta prouentibus liberahtate no fir a confequtitnl fuerit , eis fie vti.fim debebit^ vt illi. A h\ * u ft a eastfa 3 nemixis vlla [tue fraude fitievi adiman- tur. Quod fi morte decefferit^eadem ipfitts filio cedere vo- lumus.etiamfi minor adkuc. fine pupillns Jit % tlla tamen le» ge,vt belli tempore Pupilli loco t mhtantur alij , donee ipfe Pupillus adoleuerit , eft- armis gerendk idoneiu ma* ferit. And hee annexcth a terrible execration on thofe of his fucceffors that fhall any way derogate from this law. The Timaria are hereby made heredica- rie,but at this day, as I think>they are but for life.Som which haue the gouernment of a Town or final Pro- uince they call Teggiurlar or Teggiursj.Prefidents.ChaL cendylas exprcfles it by Afacw a name in like fenfe vfd' in the Lacedemonian (tate. And in contempt,a litle be- fore the end of the Greek Empire,they calld thofe of Constantinople only Teggiurs^s if their declining great- nes had deferued no better. Their Aphendis writen al- (6 by the later Greeks iyivfnt , is corrupted from av- faviMiLord. And by Zelebi (in the plurall Zelibilar) is our word Noble or Gentle vndcrftood. Thofe more % fpeciall Dignities, Vez,ir, Beglerbcg and Sanz,iac-beg, I confefle are not lelTc officiarie then diuers others here omitted, as Cadilefchcir or CaJJi-asker y AgaUr y Drungar 3 and others, but I haue therefore the rather fhewd them, becaufe they are molt honorarie , and that as well by their names,as places in fhte. The like may be faidof the Hungarian 2?**/, which are c Prefidcnts or Gouer- t Puvdett.Tur- nors of fome Kingdomes belonging to that Kingdom, ^ c ' ca P^i^-& as ~Dalmatia 3 Croatia % Slaucnia,Serma i zx\c\ others. And, as 7 Sanz,ac.begs , or Bannerets^ haue perhaps theirnamefrom u Guil.TyY.de Bandox t Banner.\N\\ci\\tt2X\y communitie betwixt them Brtlof aero lib. and the old Zw-mvu or u Suppani of the Slauontans y Ser- ^o.eap^mdc wans and other by, I know not.For finftantw Porphy- ^"^r. GiveSi rogennetes fpcaking of the Croatians.Serftians, and their jtJbJtiZxm** neigh- :8z Titles of Honor * neighbours, ap^opTtff *J .«* t*w (faith he) t*it* 7a €0rnp* l.Thefe Nations haue no Princes fat only old Zupar.s,*/ the other of the Slauonian Nation. But the fame autor feems then to make b6ap©- and Zov<&*vQ- equiualent, which caufes mec think they are both neer kinne to Ban. VVhich I doubt not buc is ment in that of He- Jyehius. Ba.vvct$.'Bciv. Neiifc^r needed CMeurfius to haue enquird fuither for it as a Latine word, notwithftanding that Hefycht- us fpeaks of Italians. Who knows not how vniucrfall the name of Frankj and Latins are , according to the Jater Greeks ? There are Vaiuods which are loco Regis admimflraticnem habentes in altqua prouincia i puta (faith LeuncUvp) TranfJiluaniaVaUchia MaioriJ'alachia mino- ri,fed ea lege tamen % vt Gubernatore fit inferior \ Be in- terprets Vtiiuod by Captain , or Tribunns Militum. Of that fornwhat more is in the v. Chapter bcfore,whcre we (beak of Polak^ Vaiuods. But (ince the Vaiuods of WaUchid ( the maicr JValachia is what wee now call Moldauia, corrupted from M*uridauia,\. nigra Daucrum • [we Dacorum regio , which is cxpreft in the Turkifli Carabogdania ) aflumd libertie to themfclucs againft the Crown of Hungarie , they rather effected the title of Demote or /Vw*,which,with the mifcries they haue endured vndcr Mahumedan Tyrannic,arc fornwhat in- compatible. Of the t^iefceuian or Ruffian Knefi or Dukes, before. One other kind of Dignicie they haue . . in the Tlotari or * Boiarones. Ne% ahum gradum(Jzhh hicafiw^ 1 Sigifmund ) feu dignitatem habent pott Rjiaros qui more noftro lecum nobilium feu Ecjmtum tenent. And for their vfc of the word Great y Illud predtcatum Magnus tribui- tur omnibus exccllentioribus per fori is. N*% *• ^nen^uam flrenuum^ut J^obilcm aut Baronem illuftrem aut Ma£- mficum vocant s aut alio dem^ id genus titulo ornant. The fame autor of the Tartars. Nomina T>igmtatum apud Tartaros Second part. 383 Tartaros hdcfere funt. Chan Rex elf. Sultan Fi/ius Re- gis. Bij Dux. Matfa Filias DucU. Olbond NobilU e * nna ad C.titJe Illuflris Primus ; Mlsdim Spe£tat3*s , Imtu ,J>ignit ks. Ei vero s faith hec , qui ab vfque lAbauis ft Nobdu & in atrnis mtatem egerit^ftis putarcm permit*. * tendum vt fw#xTari(Tirms congredi poffet. Cum emmiU brum vltimus fit gradus , cum & Modica fit inaqua/i- t04 y bac except to nonemnino locum fbivendicat.Bnt ParU dePuteo thinks that a Gentleman of fourcdefecnts may challenge a Duke,or any beneath him, vpon pcrfonall wrong 5 which,nor the like, we difpute not hcie,but refer you to thofe Autors, luSlmo Adutiopolitano^w-l ci- thers ; many a'fo differing from this quadripanit di- llinclion. Which indecd/f examiud according to their Tex s and Srories of ancient times, wherein their great Doctors were too much Grangers , will bee found to bee meerly their own, without originall in thcr Juftt- fit an , vnlclTc you call the abufe of his words the O- riginall. For in the a Code, you haue llluTfrcs , Spe- a c.ut.vfD'i*. tt*biles t CUriffimi^Perfctliffimi ,- and Egregii , and thofe Ord.firucuir. * times had Illnshatus , Spctfabiluaa, CUrtffimatus , and ertit.feqq- P crfeShJftmatui , for ablhacls , giuen as honorarie Ti- tles ; Wt with fuch varierie , that its hard to dillin- b confulis Al- guj^ to whom eucry of them was proper. Neither tibt at> & * ** cc an y Ciuilian b ab!c to cxtricat it enough clean- er. Origin j. ly. But he, nor the Code, nor any Text of their law w/>.DcC;ui- hath Titles of Honor. 385 hath that new made word Supenllnfiris, And the old French Kings of about a thousand yeers fincc in their Charcers c take but the addition of lliuflris or /////- c *Aimom.de fter,zs they wrote it. Plainly the llluftratus was &P&*™'}* <* higheft.and the Spefiabilnas next. And fo may that &cajfiod}>r of AttjOMM e be vnderftoodjfpcaking o( fuch as VaxMb.e.fom. a. % — It alum populos Aquilonigenafq; Brit anno s e Etiyll.^jn Pr&fetturarum tit it to tenner e [ecundo. fcojeLa. The fecundus Ordo in ancienter time, before Cenflan- tin ( about whom thefe new Titles and others began moft in vfe) including the Flos luuentutispx Grdo E- queflris % whence one vnder f Domitian calls SepUmms f Papmusad Seuerus a Roman Eques , by rhe name of luuenis in- MzreeU.sylnar, ttr OrnatiJJimos Cecundi Ordinis. Neither was that di- 4 * ftindtion of llluftres , Speftabiles , and the reft then known, howfoeuer its attributed to S Diodore of Sici- g Vhot'mPa- ly , that he affirmes *" z^\ m ifa^ ^'t^ «*£ ** t™rcb.Bibluab. TlctTeixluv to^iv ivi^iv A that the Dignttie of the Ulu- ° * Z44 * ftres was third from the Patricij. Some great miftaking hath caufd this error. For Diodore liud before ancf in the beginning of the Empire. How then could hec talk either of Patricij or Ulu fires , neither of which names were as yet, in their later fenfe,vfed ? But the aflertion, whenfoeuer thruft in there, means, it feems, that the llluftres comprehended both 'Patricij , Confu- tes , and other Senatores and PrafcUi , diuiding all of them into three Ranks, wherof the la ft was third from the 'Patricij. The words of h Vlpian are : Senatores ac- h f.titJeSe- cipiendum eft eos qui a Patricijs>& Confuhbus pfqtte ad n&torib J. n.$, omnes III* fires Vtros defcendunt ; which the Synopfo ^^ BajiluoH fxprefles by Oj a/rn Ua^xluv w lM«*rew «- r )(T rm% c'v 6/ IvyKMVKoi u From the Patricij to the llluftres they are all Senators ; as if you fhould fay t From the Ddd Pa. $8 6 Titles of Honor. Patricij (which arc the chief of the Iltuslres ) to the inferior in that Degree inch* finely are all Senators, Put if that which Zojimns hath of Conftantint firft inftitu- tion of the Tatritiatus (thereof before, where wefpeak ©f Peers) be true , how can that attributed to VlfUn (who liud vnder Alexander Seuerus ) bee w ; thout fu- i VjaicrrolUd fr' 1 " 00 ? h natu bcei before now " much fufpe&ed , Notit.QritntU and by one that hath beft colle£ted thefe Degrees of **/>•!• Ityman Dignities,from whom it is fitter to inftru&youc fclf in thenyhen here cxpe6t them. THE E AD, ADDITIONS TO the Copie. $7 Addeinpdg.7.%* L l&after B*whet- of fee more in the fiift Chapter of the fecond Part, . And &c. Adit inpag. 1$ I./. ir. after Hand. In imitation of the Corfi>wtimpclitan b Em- '° Otut'fhiim ii; pezors (in whom Coronation and VnAioivby the Pa- **&**&* D d d 2 tri- ^ 388 Titles of Honor, r. Cap. 7 J n Rub.fab.Scac* cary. triarchs 5 began,as its thought, about tuftimans time rn luHin ii.) the Wcftern Empire and other Kingdoms rcceiud, and that in Charles le magne ; before whom and Pi fin K.of France ( anointed by Boniface Bifhop or Ment<,) next before him,no Royall vnc-Uon will be iuftified in the Weftcro Europe. But time &c. ^Aide topag.216. 1. 8. after faciat. Neither let it moue againft this , that in the laws of c Hen.i.you read Stent antiqna fucrit mftitntio- ne format um faint art Regis ]n?fcrio, vera nitfcr csl rccor- datione firmatuw t Gcnerzl\z Comitatuumpljcita^r/^- lo- ci* & vicibus.e^r definito tempore, for fngnlas Prouincias Angli&fonticnire deb ere, nee zllis vltra jxttgutiombus fd» tigari. Interjint antem Epifcopi,Comitcs,Vicarij. Ccnte- nari^AIdermanrJjPra^fectijprepofijj Br ones, Vana Tores, f Cuncgreuij & eaten terrarum Dcminicamm intenden- tes, nc malomm impnmtas aui Grauiomm pramta* am Iudicum fnbuerfto folita Miferos laccraticve ccrficiat. A- gantur ttaqne frtmo Debit a vcr& ClrfUamtatis Jura, JecHndo Regis Placita , Poftnmo can fit. finqulornm dignu fatisfafiiombns exfleantur\ fay let DOC this moue againft that of the Conqueror. For thofe of Hn. i. were re- ftored ( at leaft for fafhion ) as by the name of the Confejfors t ot of the old Sax'.n laws, and i'o was there in them mention of the Bifiof and Eoldormtn and the reft together. And in the xxxi. Chapter of thefc, arc the very words almoft frmflatcd,of that which we h uc before cited out of Edgar's to this r urnofe. Yet in- deed they were more, and rather dcrred J thcn truly rc- ftorcd. But this &c. c;sa:piusjve- ^Addeinpag.2 \\ % l.\$. after v riMuniaximc all thefc. Indeed fome pafTages In their ancients, c- hb YvT'a* ^ ecia,I y in tnc Monk c ^'ww* make the UWaior &'bcnozldo° Z >: ' mis > an ^ Cwes Palatij as one in cxprclTc termes. But i Kf.gU Grauij ar&ings IS e cues or <£reeue0. Titles of Honor. ^%p But I doubt their credits, and think rather they were deceiud in the words. How eafily might they in their Cells make Maior V ^alatq >or Ai^iredu Alaifcn One ,both Offices being of fj cciall great note in the Court. And Comes beeing then a word vfuall for generall defig- narion of any plncc or dignicie.Iknovv Amo'inus wrote vnder the Carolm ]ine,and aboue DCC.yeers fince.Yet thofe other autorities petfwade me againft him , and common opinion. And i cte alfo>they deliuer that there were diucrs d Maiores auU in Nevsiria, Burgnndie , 6 Idcm.Lb.4. Auftrajia ; which fauors as if there plainly they ment c*%6*i%.& 3* Counts de ?ah:is in our diftinc?c fenfe , delegat for iu- rifdi£lion,in fuch fort in euery Prcuince, as the Comes Talatij in the Court had. But the Maior Downs taken properly, as I think,was neucr multiplied beyond one. Neither why Gregcrie cf Tours fhould fo diftinguifti them (he being a Bifiv-p might know better of Hate then Almoin or t/idhdetnar, out of whom Aimrin had much of his (torie 5 being Monks could) except by this may be giuen any reaibn. Afterward &c. A die topdg 1 70./, 5 . after vnderftood. And indeed an old law iuftifies h.Prt- yfr(are the S v,' or d$)fagu lis hemwum Nouenis Decimus g Leg. Heme & tori Jimtil Hund^edo vnus de Melioribus & vocetur wapti. Aldrcmannus qui 1)ei leges & Hominum tura vigiUn- ti ftadeat bft r want is promeu ere, Touching &c. Aide to pag.2$zJ $.& IO. after valetudi, em. And Habeant Vauafores (fay thofe old laws of h Hen,iJ)qtu Itbtrttts Terras tenent^Placitaqua , ad Witt m vet Wlram{ WSlitt was punifhmentby Mulct or Amerciament ; Wilt is before » deliuerd in ft&e* iPag.104. rrg'ttJ, and is calld prctium Redemptions in the laws of the Cor. fiToi, being indeed the Price or Raifom of a- ny greiu^us crime) pertinent 3 fuper fucs Homines & in ffiO 39 o Titles of Honor. [ho & fuper aliorum Homines , fi forisfaciendo retentf(\ doubt how to read it riglt) vel granati fuerint. So in H>Ott1CfDap,ofv4/*/ Si qui* projlrauerit arbor em in via, Ramum, vel fojfatum fe- cent jfuib its firiftior (it via> Centum folidis emendabat Re gi. De €tyb?ige (I ihink,(25ntl)b?ect)e .i. breach of the Peace) emendabat Regi vm. 1J . &c. Has j oris fi Auras habtt Rex fuper omnes Alodiarios totiui Comitate Chent ejr fuper homines ipforum. Et quando moritur Alodia- rius Rexinde habet l^eleUtttionemterra } excepta terra fdnU* Trimtatis.&c, Super tttos habet It.ex forisfacluram de Capittbus eorum ttmtstmmodo % And there alio ; In Be- nindene man ft God,ictis & tenet x x. acras in Alo- foo Jin. So in Sudfex (Sujftx) In Cctelcngelcy (I ghclTe Chedingley) Alman tenkil de Rcge E. petit Alodium.and diuers more like. What properly the tAlodiarij and Alodium were with them, I confeffe I know not. For it icems c\cc:}y y Alodium was not land only wherof note- nure was, as its prou'd thence out of that vnder Suf* fcx in Lanfcwke* Godwin es tenet de eo^dr de eu vn.^- loari] for Alodiarij. Perhaps it was in regard of fuch te- nures as were free from performance of any chargca- able fctuice. This of Feuds belongs &c. Adie ta pa*. 3<\j!26, after Certain. Indeed all Judges were held anciently ai Barons , which appears in an old law of this (tatc of IIe»,i. Regie ludkes fnt Barones (femitatus qui libera* m Titles of Honor* }oi in eu Terra* habent per qua* debent calif* fwgulorum al- terna profecutione tr attar i. Villani vere Cotfcti,w/ Fcr- dingi vcl qui funt viles & mopes Perform non Junt inter ludiccs numerandi. Whence both the rcafon of this kind of Amerciament, as alfo why the Judges of the Exchequer are called Barons, appears. And although &c. FaiiltSjCfcap c in the Prwt y cQxrz& thus : CHap.i .1.4-rcad Oeconomlque. Pag.23.L3 . read Autyrar.d (as its re- ported by on Rempert or Erempcrt, cited and firfl published by Cardinal! Baron'tHs) and,out &C.I.10. B A S IL E h.\.iz.Arabum\*i. Ckag.mum.p.H.in mat g.Abb, for Alb.y. 2. 1.I.3 o.Bfl«ttAiW.p. 41. 1. i6.pi 0- f«V/^rf.p.44.Cumgtnc«p.48.1.iz.^ro»iw«i.p3g.49.1.7-whencethac &c.p.56.inmarg.readD ; />/0/»dOrta»« Imp.cditumiox that corrupted jnfomeofche copies.p.78 l^Xieutenanr.p.^.I.vItwecTr^^p.So.L 7.v4«^rw.p.85.1.ii.^/ , /^/^.p. 9 6.1.8 Ctblfmanique Une.y.iof.M m^i^.accurat'iia.^.io^A.n.'pona.i. p. tuA. z$,fvp*$iv c^T»f.p.i 16.I.1 .futhmenitorum.y.i 24.I.17. py for py . io in 1. 24.8c in Li*, for fcgn *} JccOen read ft gn ^f cOen. pn g. 1^3. marg.D^»o/?p.i57'i n Carm.Kr|^/f pag.i8*.l.i.f|*J^^.pag.7 73.1.i9. VAulphin.y. i84-l.io.y4»^cTfltT«.and].i5.fe-ioiXl3.refum , dy^cz±ii.readfkrfatefie.p.ic3AA7.No7than'wbri. hzo.Decliuii.\.i$.mitta-.liiJpJe.p.iCi. corre ft the ^ato^]) thrice, and make it p.'youmay ea% fee where.l.i9.w-.1.2o.forfo* read tbk.Li$ componuntur.\>a%.io<;.\.i6lbcrc.p.2o 7 .\T\ marg Cerry rcnf.Sa.Cercm.i S*tt.7.p.io2A.i}. Duces. Other diners faults fcapt in thatflieet,by the imperfitnes of a yong Compofitor, which cuery Reader will bee able to correct] pag.j09.L29. Marquifat for fflarqueffe. pag. 22 1 A.\ 9. Iwfex.p.i39.in mix %.?et. Taker, p. 141. in marg.£* Chrome. Diuionenf. p.i5 9marg.//^.for£p.p.277.inmarg.c/?^cr/^^ F. &c. p.ig$.].n\ K*^M«.p.25)2.L3i.^ court. p.2>?7.Li4. 8c 1 5 .MiliWm.y.voA *.£. wo&pzvoi. p.3 1 1 .1. 1 1 .\v£7tacu^enfis. Ctfitolmus. Carolus Pafchatius. Carolus Strom us. Carolus de Villters. Csfftodcrus.C:^. 1 5 6. & 1 5 7 183,184,306,307,310. Caffar Wafer us. C/tinUus, 1 1 4. 1 1 7. 1 44. Cen'onnus. Chart t Antique cclxxv. ccci. Chaucer. 192. 3/jT. C7. 77 'oft emus, 1(6.^10. £ / riftopb: rtts Becmannus. C'irft'pl orus He Uncus . Chronic en de Bcllo aj ud Lamb.. : 8, C> -..mcon AbindwU rpud Camder.nm.T, 2 :. Chrome *n Ru . J**/** Chronic on Ma>.m&. Cicero 59.10S.170.m3rg, Cicarella. £ I audi anus 83. Claude Fauchet; a piece of an old Romant of Siperts de Vmeaux 44. and of another of ifcw/* in him. 211.277. Clemens Ale xandr inns. 142 351. Concilium Aurelia tenfe. Conftitutiones Impp, a />*• f^ow editar. Conftitutiones Impcriales a Goldafto collea$. Conftantim Donatio de qua MM* Conftantinus Manages. Conftantinus Fcrphyrogen* netus.yy. 81. 8^. 100, 200,249,536. fidcx JuHiniani pafsim. Codex Theodoftanus. Codex Can j num 310. C iJ t .& 325. Dionyfus j4fcr.-tf.66. Btonjfius Haltcamaffeus. Dienyfius Gothofredfts. 1)ttm arsis 1 89. DoElrina Machuntet. Domefdaj (it was began in i^.JVilliam 1. and ended in xx.)232.272. Dh Hatllan. Df* Ttllet.oi TtlitMs. E Drear dus Coke Prima- riusaludicipPublicis apud Anglos Pretor,& Iuris noftri Columen. Ellas Leuita. Epifi.Reg.& Pr. in Tom, 2. Orient Hiftoru. EptftoU Hen.iv.Imp. EpiEletus. Esleuan de Ganbaj . Ethelwerdus. 3 o. I 5 3 . 203 . 212. Eunapius. Euripides. 41.138. Euftathius Schcliaftcs. Enflathius Antecejfor. 3 3 6 Eufebtus apud eum Phil* Bjblienfc.il. &l6i.\%3 atqjillud Emebij Chro- nicon a Diuino illo& literatoru Principe lof. Scaligero publici iuris factum. Expeditio AftAtica Frede- rici primi. FEslus.0^i 39.204. Feudorum Coflttutiones 21 2. 289.295. & inprf- fatione. Flodoardus. Florns.i 3 p. 2 54. Florilegus due Afatthatts WeftmomttcrteKfis. 216, FormuU Vett. a H.Btgno- no editSE 222.252. Fragment, of holy Otle gi- ucn to Thomas Beckct. CXXXIIII. Frodoardus. Fr0ip.rt.S9. 283. Fr ana feus Hctomanus. Francifcus Raphdleng. Gut Lexici Arabtci amor. • Francifcus Swerttus. Francifcus Mtnnemus, Francefco Sanfouino. Friitlus Temporum , fiue E e e 2 Oa'. The Autors. lohn LidgAt, I 24,21 l« cccxxxin.341. loannes Alariana. Io.de Piano Car pint. loannisD.EpiftoU in luccm Arab ice edit a? a Do6l*ff. G. Bedwello.^i. loannes SarJsburienfis>(luc Carnotenfis. 56. 215. 314. loannes SkjnAUs* ./tf/j» Stow, loannes T^etzes.po. Ion at ban Ben Vz,teli6$. lofepbus 73 . 109. in mar- gine.i4i.<£* 142. lojepbus Scahger. Ifacius T^etz>es. lfaacus Cafaubonus. If dor us Hifpalenfis. 259. Ifidorus Telufiota. IuIihs Cdfar. lull anns Apos~lata.%\\. Iulius Ftrmicus. 185. luytmus fiue Tragus, 5 5, 149. luslus Lipfius. luuenalis. 1 55.329. & in pre/- ti one. LAciantius n.in mir^. Lambertus Sckaffna* bfirgcfffis. 313. Lampridius. 29 1 . 299. L*ndulphus Sagax.yo. LeuncLuius. Leges tAlemanmrHm. 1 8o% 204. Angle- Sax onttm.6 1. 124.204.224.225.255 H^Boiorum i%6.Bur- gundut i62.Camti 1 77, 2 67.268. log. 27 3. C*- r f Miyct E rvpoKoyiKoy* M 'ere uri us CjttUotpelgicus. Michael Glyca*. M& dpi s tencndi Parlamen- //.CCLXXIIII. Monackftt Bngclifmenfis Vit, C» M. 91.190. . VLofes MtkrtZA 3 2 p. Mofes tAEgy ptius. Idem nonnunqusm t B^mbam i.Rabbi Mofes Ben Mai- mon , & A£a imc mdes ap- pellor apud Scripto- res. 50,51. niani. 21.^69.351. Niccphoras Gregoras. 19$, 21 2. Nicetas Chonia tes . 8 3 : . Nithardus Angilbertus. 1 7 7 Ntnius Marcelfos^^. lS{otttiA V^riufj^ Prouinche* . OLaus Magnus , Onkelos. Onuphrms Panuuinus. Orpheus ( potius Onotxa- critus.) 42.140, Or do Coronations R*g. An* gild, cxxiv. Ordonnznces du Trance \ Or do komanus. Or ho Frifingcnjis 29.191 Otto de S/Blapo. 28.15?!, . Ouidrus.iii. PAncgjrifltlett. 37. Papimus (iuc Stattus 47 166.3 26, Paufanias.i 32, Paulus Oderbornvs, Paul us ts£myl:u-j. P aulas Merula. Paulu4 W.irnfrtduA qui i- rcm DtaccnusSl Af*$- legicnjis didtur. ^07. Pctrus A? Alliaco i(:6. *Tetrus F^hcr. Petrus Kirjtenius. Petrt^ CMartjr Legati- onis Babylonic. rf«/0>\ fetrm The A u tors. Q Vintilianus* RAdeukus vide marg. 81.335. 'J\aimundus d' t/igtles. 3 79 Petrus Fitbcens. Fetrus Rtbuffus* FettY Yitlor auteurdetbi* fioYie Sept entire. Fetrus de finds 193.290 Phtlipptu LoniceYUs. ThJoxtnus 261. Phot ins 129.385. PindaYtis 71, Pinto 108. Plant as 53. 340, Plinius Cheilitis 119. Plimus ft cm dr. s Philofo- phus 1D.34.40.136.324 Plutarcbus 33. Poly bins 33. 138.741. PolidLYiPts 145. Pragmatic* Pbilippi H» fpa- ttiariun 2^/if de Anno 1586. PYOCOplUS 9I.307. Promncialc Romannm 80. 130. 131. Prndcntius 161. Pfalmes M S. in Sngltjh vcrfe very ancient, tx. CCLXVII, Ft oh mans. PolydoYus Vtrgilius. Rar.ulpbus de (Jlar.vi/la. 276. Rannlphns Higden fine Monachus ilie C e fl rcn ~ (fs autor Polychromci* 188. Raphael Hrflinjbed. T\egiflrtm Breuium. Rubardns Vitus Bafing- ftochius. Richardus VeYjttgan. Rkbavdns de Baumes or Bifhop of London the true autor of the Blacky *Boo^e. See before in GernaJ : I'll bur ten ft, RigoYdas 99.246'. RobeY.Gloceftrenfiswzww cxxxm.c CXX1X. c exxx. RobcYtus UMenachus, 96, 189. RcdeYicus S ant ins. Rode y/ ens To let anus, 96. Rodulphus Glaber 9 160. RogeYUt de Houcde i $6. 2 3 J 237,246,277,321,323. SAcr* Btblia, 5,7,8,9, 10,12,32,33,41,42, 4^,51,66,67,73,75,76, 8ptS7j Io8 > io 9* ^9, 154,155,164,165,185, 208,328.351. Salomon Iarcbi, Sampfates. S p achates , 99 , 103. Saxcmcum • The Autors. Saxonicwn Monumentmn a- pud Lambardum, ^-Ali- os de Ordinibus tllius txEui. 268. Scholiast es tsEfchyli. 10. Ariftophanis 142.1 44. 155 CaUimachi 12. Pindar i, Scotorum Statuta, SebaTlianus Munsterus. Seneca Trag. 138. C^ Philo* fiph. 41.144. Serums Honor at us . a pud eum /^r^ 69 Ca'lar *^ 49 Rab ^ 114 h^h^w Rabbui hacuchoin IIO Shah X\M9 161 Shchernim tJmtW 4 9 ShcroathaJShNW^ 66 Shichur IJWp 97 Shcriphun {gjh£f& ib. Sultan qj/IsM^ fi.&xxo. Alfhcich ^u&J? 318 Sherar*yOM? Thomach Shabat \£rc?-j*£ft 154 35i Abrech H^tf Adon fflti 99 Alghaba'fi ^OwJS/^ ic8 AJIoph sj^§< $>? Amir ^/^y^/^ $q Amir Ekuiftoenm 9' Bcl\ft ib. Baal W^ 11 Belch traun&a 13 Gibber Tzid "**y ^^ G:an Belul >£ | /J^^ 26 Ganan ^ zo8 Dux t£^ 1*4 Halikth &/!£& 3-s m^n HamclicHagan^l J 1 Zechen^p*, 53 Hauch ty3?6 Ap%ov Ap;^7Wj> 34 AfflHJ BA<7/A5U7tf7CI' t8j©- 3 3 Ao JW* 5 3 Au|« 7 1 Arfivnmh®' *S,II2 AuTOKpAwp & Beimel 18, &fcq. Awrl* 9 8 B dciaotaturpcr Mtt. 267 B&HV B«t j/^soTtt7Wp> BtfflYAei/fj B**-/- Age?* B*fl"iA|uW» BcLtTiKtOf* Baj/Agvf Bar/ANW » Jlj 4^ &II2 Bcw/Agv* W>a; 33&I44 B**/Aw«t I 20 & 1 2 I b*t?©- 45 Bewp/c/i* 377 10 3 54 382 BsAct BiA/f B«A77* BogCo/O- 9 10 11 249 Btf&tAAa'p/o/ & BifKiAAfltToy 3 36 Tdhluions 1 20 rkC £ T/a p IT0- | io8,&_fcq. 122 I 1 20 ' *~ HI , » 160 Mmao^& M«Ae?*^ Eu^i- pidem 4 1 'o BfltfliAs^V 3 3 'Opwyioi 35° OvfAvimoi 4 241 riflt^p 7* k o^« 3 5 x nzhdfxaMlS 377 TIop^up* nop?wp&CA*5B« 3 n«Ao? ^ 9 Upomwt \*# '^m °4 npoxp/Tflf 1 ^ rip»7>'54 tt ~ 40,41 IIpo XstA/pa? X & P Xi7?p »AJ«£ 45 ) 84 74 42 .85 379 itf 4 9i *4 91 162 3*4 *37 JP&I* What occmres 7 mofi particular Jj per- tabling to fome parts of our Englifh Common Laws, k here^ bj it feife* collefted* Aides afairefilzChiua- ler , Tile marier , & de Random, 3 1 o. 33 1 Amerciament for trefpajfe &c. v. pag, 204. 225, how it wm [anciently in Herefordshire. 233 Ancient demefne tenants 355;. and tried by a Iu- ry.. ibid. Amitterc Legem , what. 344 BCkfebcrenD. . 264 Baron' a % fcTenere per Xaroniam. . 2 7 6 . & 2 7 8 Bifhops /?0#> anciently in- vefted by the K\ng>and that brought into vfe a- gaine^ in jubftance, vn~ der Edward vr. 201 Bifhops wont to fit in the S h ri fes Tu r n e \ when 1 hat was altered, 22 < Braclon, a conieclure on him, 279. And fee in the Table of'Autors vn- der HenricHs de B rati on. CAmcagia. 270 Chester. 247 Ciergie men; fee B /hops. vfed to make a Procu- rator in Tar lament y if ittdrment were to be fi- Hen on life and death* Communis F lac it a non feq. &c. 234 County Court. 255 Crofses. 162 DArrain Prefentmenr. 279 DiitreiTe to make oth in the Inry in a iberty of^n* faUtjffjeef; land a wdge- r,:ent m it, 263 Durham. 248 EA r 1 e s made laws in their Counties. 233 Execution might not bee in Debt of a Kftights : Equipage ^c* 322 Eires. 321: Franchife: FRanchife dc werk, 24S Foreft Lawesot K.Knout amended ; thofc /» the Print. 268 HExamfhire, 248 Heriots, 225.272. Hors de Ton Fee pteded by Hors de ion Baronie. 278 Hidata Terra & nonH'u* data. Vrts Vtrum. 1 K 271 279 Nights Fee. 274.; 19 Knighting by Writ. 320-321. See Execution. *\ M Arch eta Mulieris. Mar pj alls Fees. 315 A4einouer (Mznnor.) 264 Merton ftatut of Bafiar- die. 280 N Aiiuo habendo. 210 PLurnll number in 7V«f- f//;;/rina Writ. 11 5 Parlamcnt. 274 Pares. M&347 R Elicfs. 232*272.273 276 S0fceor£>ackandg>ae< caber and ^atbabtr, &c. 261.262 Seales. 328 Surrender of anBrledom. 3 T Summons 0/ rf# £* ?7* /# another County. 233 Shrifes, 255. .SV* Turne and County. Starr a lnd^er urn occur- ring in the oldRols of Hen.y. and Ed.i. 329 Statut of x x. Ed, 3. de Proditoribus expounded 345 THird part efthe Coun- ty. 231.232 &feq. Triall by a Jury of lews Iand Chriftians, 329 By LeyGager anciently I in mod actions. 345. 0/ ancientDemean.335 of a Bifhop in Capital! faults. 347 Turn de J'icount. 2' 5 vv Ardfliips. 54 THE TABLE, ABaffilarF#»i//V. fol.99 Abafens,^ Abiflms. b£ AbelliO,rfGaui ; {hG^. 9 ^^o/i and Triors initcfied. zco «?0«£ to be in Parkmcnt as Ba- rons. 1^1. and were Banns ratio- neOfficij& Tenure. iS».& i3 3 Abthan, an old digmtie in Scot land. 185 Abltracts WConcrets itf exprcfi fin? a great mzm honor. 117 which bed. 125 Abrech,wfoVfc was given to Iofeph by the Egyptians. 351 Abualtrazim i* Mahomets name mPuradife. 100 Achaius J^^g of Scots, tf^fcr/ /^ inian, andbowlutti- man put bim off. 307 Adon tffl fonne to Phoebus (fa the Ar- %Oi\3iuz;quzs}badSirf}ne-beamcs on his head in memorie of his fa- ther. 140 3ktl)e!ittg, see CtljeUns. Aegialeus, firfi Kjng of Europe. 16 Agagit^.'dAmalckit allone. ?f Aicmtothe Turks, wPerfia. 106 Aichmalotarchx va the captiuitie* 154 Ai jos Phafileos Ma.rchio. 131 Ailwin a Saxo Earle y calied\%a\fs king, the fame with Hehdgui- nus m others. 127. Youndir of Ramfey Abbey in Huntingdon- shire, ibid. Aides to make the fonne a Knight, marrie the daughter ^and redteme the Lords bodie out ofprifra. 330 Algcmeiza, Procyon. 13 Algebar. J3 Alexander,/0»ae to *upiter Ham- mon, and his picture with Rams homes. 63 . whencehc wa* called DhiJ,karnaijn. 140. his being deceiu'd by Anaximenes cxjrcfl by an Ancient in Latinc verfe. 1 57 Jb# requeft to the Hi$ Frkji, for Ggg his THE TABLE. his name to be gtucn totbePricfls children, (y AlbuErfalan. in Alcoran of the Turks, worne about a Chaliphs ?iec\{. ioo. in it parts of the old feftament. ibid. bow many Azoars, Surcths, or chapters it bath • the difference of the Aiabique one in that from ?6*L*tine. 101. the beginning ofeueiy Azoar. 102. It was by error giucn to Mahomet by the Ang r llGzbx\z\. 104 Almumens. ici Ali, o/Alem, Mahomets/oTwd?; liw. 100. how the Persians and other follow kUfett. 1 o $. & 1 o 7 the Alian Seel from another Ali, according to forne opinion. 1 07 AliAbafidcs. 107 AlghabafTi. 99 Aladin in theTitrfyfh florie. iii. Alfred, thefirfl Kjngannointed in England. 133 Alilir, the fame Goddejfe with Li- lich. 1 d AlexiusCommcn./^ firfl creator ofthofc Dignities , Scbaftocra- tor, Panhyperfebaftus, &c. 171 Alderman of all England vnder the Saxons. 227 Aidjrmannusluratorum.170. & ;», Alderman. Srr w^f in Ealdcr- oun. Alodium , Alode its dcriuation. 301 Alodarij, Aloarij, and the li^e an- ciently in England. 590 Alfhcich. 51 Alluph, /.Dux. 108 Amiras, Amcra, Amir. 49. £98. &37J Amir Echur. 374. AmirHaiem. Amirclmumunin, i. Rexortho- doxoium. ^j.&fcq. Amiralius. 37 f Amiras & Amireus, J/wiZ <£!/?;»- £.Secin Rings. Ggg 2 Baal. THE TABLE. B BAal. $.and(<> r 3aa] Hanan,ftf/i«r as Han- nibal. 67 Baal-famaim, the five with Iupi- * tcr^ApoIlojPan. 9 Banners giuen winuejliture, and in cimnuttiag the gouernment of a Frounce. i$.&z$. & 191. eJr 378.(^379 Banner fquar e:\vbo may beare it with hi* Ay meson it. 353 Bannerets : their Name, and Creati- on. 353. &feq. a Banneret dtf- cbarged of being flight of the Shire. 3 ^ . & 1^6. and of their Precedence, ibid. See in San- ziacks. Banio/Hungaric. 381 Babylonian Scepters and Kings, *1S Babylon £/?*/Bagdct. 9$ Bagded/jz/A-'o/t/Sclcucia^/wzr/^ confluence o/Tigris e£" Euphra- tes. i i 9; Banulus yw# Bethel */m/# ^ w/o rfo Heathen. 1 59 Babamuvtf Turti'Jb Our Father. Bacon //?? Frier b# booses, [poildby ignorant Monies. 109 BaUhcus 9 »?/>.z;. 3 1 1 Baltcus auratusj & conftellarus. 309 Baulius Maccdo,r/?f Eafcrnc Em- peror his findihg fault with Lews 1 1 . the Western t about the title of Empcrour. ii.&i] I IJafilcus. u.&fccj.35 Bai baquan & Barbican. 89 Barons and Baronie, the etymon of the word, 159. & fcq. w/;*i/ f//y 4TM/2 Baron by Patent. 281 Bel. 9 Bclenusa»t/Belin,vy^ they mere in the Britiih and Gauhfh Idola- try. 9.0-10 Behtucadre, aBriti(h Dei:ic. 10 BclusJV.tfNimrod.6. & feq. fow fbfjl ouv€ to be the fame 9 . & feq. Bclci(haz.iar rfo /m/b* of Daniel. 66 Beld.gian,f/>e ;£thiopique T.mpe- rorbU title. k *>£.(£• 83 % BdulGiad. i.Prcfterlohn 8? BclifamaMinerua, a Goddefftin an old Tnfiription. 11 Met 1 : mjngsi them an exemplar it State. 4 Renauznts^firJI D; Mahiinaedans boo\es } and [pollen relg'oufly in the begmmug ofeue- r\ wo)\ 1 ndcvtal$n< 1 1 Beg, [and Beglerbeg. 377. c> 17^ Beg!uc,.^Beglerbegluc. 377 Bilinumcia. ;o Bifhw anciently •nuclei by the StaiFe, or Rod t an4 Rin p i 0*6. ffo making of Bifhops * -without Conge dcflier, pucn to Ld.\ 1 . ly Aft *f par lament. :C : Birrus. iy^ Bifhops , how Borons. 2 8 2 , & 3 47 . griff /o jGf ra //.>: Sherifs Turne; 225. -when that a!tercd. % 'ibid, &>> 388 Bifhops titles, 11 3- Bifhops, how they partake c r the Prc- rogaSmcs of the Greater Nobilitfo B/^ Pivot. See Prince oftyoPes. Bohemia creattdlmo.i %n Bdions 9 and Britain. Aft* that the Britonsftpkldbe Emfe* rors of Rome. $S. Conftantine tht Great born & Britain. 37.Sr5 Cbriflian, and in E n g] a n j . l£:Cn»HU and QHgetUlUlji Sing. 4$ Bretagne.T/;-: D /:(:.> greaines there 116. forbidden tow \ rite Dei orz*> t a. ibid. Of that was the ~ fir si T>u\e\^ie.x9nby the diftrn5 Tiile in France. 149 Bru derails, nlcre tkt) lad tbe& habitation. jj6 Brutes Oracle. jfl Breeches, her* in ztfe anc'ently. 148 BuceeI.'arum,nr.W. 336 Bulk,Bulcoglar,tf77^Bulcouit2.78 Bulgarie, the Kings prer: there by indulgence from the Eat Bern Empire, n.z; Ggg 3 Cr' THE TABLE. CArpi,Carpifculus,WAtf. 71 Caradenizi. 1. Mare delJe Zabach. 90 Carachan,&Carchan, £*//*??///>. 89 Carathay. 90 Cavdarigan,<*;7dCarderigas,d/g- nkih, 90.91 Calendar. 378 Carniola Dukedoms to bsmade by the Archduke. 193 Carpaluc,i. Mare dellc Zabach, in Scythian. 90 Cafe, the place heretofore of the in- auguration of the Sophi. 9 ? Cap of Purple of the Mofcouite. 15* Cappa Honoris. 107.139 CapicaneusrftfdCapitania. 2^5. Cxfar, and Cajfarea Celfitudo, gi/ten to the Grand Signior. 104 Caefar luUhowherefifedihe name o/King. 19 Ca?far, how that Title began in the Empire. 69. when in the Sk4Ctf- firs apprant. 170. it Jignifies an Elephant. 69.&70 C jefar , as it wm a dignity in the Ea - fiern Empire. \"j\.& 122 CapitalesBaronia?. 176 Capita Captiuitatis. 154 Capcllanitf? chaplains, whence fo call'd. 143 Cadiiceiisfl/Mcrcuric. 155 Camagia, atfdCarucagia. 270 Caufia, the Macedonian Cap. 145 Capcanu«j. 91 Cains in the Scaligeran family. r- Canopir, born by whom. n 6 Cam or Can, See Cham. Caliph. SceChahph. Cafpian Sea, or Merde Bachu. 106 Catholique, theTitle 0/*Spain.8o. €^•131 CaualieridiSpronc&di ColJa- na. _ 383 Celebalatzaijr, l. the Procyori. Celts,* general! name for the Euro- peans. 75" Celfitudo. 120 Cercmonlc in making the Chaliph, 9^. for Ceremonies fee in Annoin- tin^,?» Banners, in Sword, in Bi(hops i & 1 \e their parents, in Prs- fatione. Chrift figured in the twofrfl letters of his name. 161 Chriftianifiimus to the French. 7§ Chriflianitie, (peciallie among the Franks,!/*^ ancient. 79 Chriftian Kjng fir(i in Britain. 7 8 Chlouis of France was not annoin- tedKjng 151 Childbirth. See Adam. Chefter, a Writ of Right for part of the poffefftons of the Earldcme anciently againfl Iohn the Scot Earle there. 17,7,. & unmade a Countie Palatin. 247 Chcualier:f«rr? Varlamentary Ba- ron fo called in his Writ. 283. whence deritt'd. 331. the fame with Miles. 3 32-^334 Cf)eo?ibo?n,W Cbeoiimau, mongsl our Saxons. 267. & 168 Cinque Ports, 21 6. See Barons. Cimbrians,M*o0. 294 Cidaris, Ckaris. 144 Citie firfl built. 14&16 Cingis, or Cinchis Cham. 87. 88. 91 CingulumMilitis.509.CinguJum OtiofumDignitacis,& miltcia- re. 311 Cinccura.S^iw Dukes aar^Earles created. Clariflnr.us. 38; Qlear gie men not toiudgtin life and death. 273 Cleta. 7 £ ClitoWClicunculus. 17$ Cock- See in Nergal. CollarofSS. 343 Collars given to K» ; ghts. 3 £1.3 3 3 Common wealth how it began. % Computation of years from the begin- ning of the world. 6. and fee in the Title of the old?\oman Emperors 19. of the late rftfd Chriftian. 171 Periian computation from their Ncurtiz in .from the Arabian crMahomedan-Hegira. 16$ CompagnonleRoy. 4* Comes. *io. bow it diffcrdfr&m, or was the fame wthDux.181.1X2, 184-186.187. &feq. the fame vr'tb Dux and Maichio/owe- times. 2 1 3 Comes Macrons. 219 Cornices Maiores &Minores.i37 & 220 Comes: See Counts. Primi, Se- cundi,Tertij Oidinis. 183 Comitiua. 183.184. &feq. Primi Ordinis. ibid. ComiratenfesLcgiones, 2*0 Cornices Confiftonani. 210 Cornices, whence the word dcrin'd. 218.232 ComiciuaVacans. ifc4 Comes Palatij was not the fame wiffrMaire du Maifon.a43.dtfr/ of them more there following.* 8 f Commavepani. 209.^319 ConClium Domini Regis. 279 Countors. 292 Constable o/"£ngland. 2i<5 Conge d'ellier. 2c 1 Coticret : See in Abftracr. Court Baron. 273 Conftantinople,^ Coat. 21 Conftantinc the Great, frjt of the Smpcrors, writirg hiwfelfDomi- nus THE TABLE. nuspubliquely.4%. his Donatio to | the See ef Rome. S6.151.be firfl zfdaDiadcm- } bow tbafs to bee Vnderftood. 149. 1*2. tbe appa- rition to him in bis wanes againfi Maxentius. 160. See /tfCrof- ies, and in Britons, his law *- bout marriage cf bis Nation. 3 7 Con ftantine, a name much affected in tbe Eaftern Empire. 76. the Turks call tbe old Emperors there Conftantins. 7^*77 Conucntus PariuminFr. 250 Coronet. See Crownes. Corona 3 Chorona '.whence. 137 Counts. See in Cornices Palatij. Counts PaLitin. 24? . whence tbe name. 244. Sirix Palatin. Cofmas, (ma ing by bimfelfr. 66 Coflbraflath fur Cofroes Shach. no Cornwall Ducb'ie. 178. & 199 Cornwall ffttfJDeuonfhue. :oi Cra! &-Cralna,i Kjng&JVueene. tftfrfCrol&Crolna. 45 Cramifetlo. 171 CrKcahzfrom Crates. 78 -Craig <£wp» %i$ Cretan* alw.iies Hers, why. 11 Cro of Scotland. 286 Cracouian chaftcUan in Poland before tbe Palacin : and wly. 249 Crimen Maieftatis. T18.&121 CrOjfe on the Globe. 1 59. when fvrfl vfd. ibid. & 160. bow it w.uin the Emperors Diadems, Stan- dards^andthciil{e. \6o.\6i.\ft forbiddeto be made on the ground. 161 Croiffant of the Mahumcdans, whence. ^z.io^.&feq. •Crowns : the fir ft Inuentor. 1 3 6. 1 41 vfd anciently but to Gods. 1 3 6 yrbence Corona. 137. whether it were a roy.ill difltnttio* mongsl tb: Gentiles, before cb \flianitie. 137. & lcq. A disputation that itwM not. ibid. One gtuen to Hippocr«t< , of great value far helping th . plague. 137. rbofe in tbe Games, &e> ibid. & 141, Tnu pha] I Crowns, r 5 9 . hjw tbey were in ancient Rome. 139. 140 at Banquets. 14 *. 141. whence thj Crowm worne j 1 /.'^Olym- pians. 142. Crown giuenbj Ale- xander to Diogcn z^andbybim tohisfmet-heart. 143. ofleaues. 14?. 152. Crown Imperially bow it differs from that of other Prin- ces. 1 50.1 51. Con(tantins/5V/J wea ring a Crown. 1 49 . 1 ^ a . Crowns of the lew ifh Kjngs. 15a the Crown of thorns. 153.// was an enfigne of the German Ew- pire. See the Preface. Crown Radiant of \he Du\e of Flo- rence. 1?}. Ehfofthe\\rii\ft\ or En glim Kings wearing a. Crown. 1*3. Crovrn of Scot- land. 1 53. Eirft of theWcR- gothique Kjngs in Spain. 153 See Diadem. Crowns by loners fei on their Mi- fireffts cb res and pofl^. 1 3 6 Crowns fr Oulps : andwhoofthem may wcarc them. \ 9 4. 1 9 5" . 1 9 6. & 1 9 8 . Of the Archduke. 1 9 3 Bearing of Crowns on Armories. 1 9*. 206. 288 Crowm : how their feuerall forme wis in the Eaftern empire : and how they came (by comefture) to be fo different mongsl our digni- ties. 197.198. Crown of 'the Dc- (pot. 171 Crown of Peacocks feathers. 57 Crowns : THE TABLE. Crowns :fce Marqucfle, Eark y and Vicounc. Crowning of the Rex Romanorum. 170.171 CulzumDenizi/McrdeBachu. 106 Cut out of the wombe are facred to Apelb.70 Cutberti Terra. 148 CunsinSabin, 149 Cunegreuij. 38^ Cyrbafia. 144 Cyprus Kjngdome* 19 Cynofura , Pmcejfe of the Nor- thern heaven. 14 D DAncmark the Yjngdome. 29 Daniel, named by Nabu- chadnezar. 66 Dates of Talks letters. 101 Daulphin & Daulphine. 1 72. the reafon of the name . 1 7 3 . & fc q • how the Daulphine is next to Crown. 1 7 3. Epitaph of Hum- bert Daulphin in Taris. 1 74 Dea Syria, & Dij Syri. 1 1 SDefenfcctoft&efaitf). 79 Dei gratia : by what Princes vfed. 1 1 6. anciently by Bifhops, Ab- bots, Mafter of the Temple, &c. 116.117 D efpor, what he w6. when altered. tf. Dominus among the Chaliphs. in Doming to women. 53.8c ^4 Domna. 52 Domnus. 52 Doctor Omnia Credent:um.i 02 Hhh Dolphin. THE TABLE. Fcfle and Marocco Emperor his ri- I tie. 103 Tends, there beginning. 193 . & ft q. fomething Ufc them in the 0W Ro- man State, 294*19 5. whether the Lombards woe chief autors of them. 19 $ .& feq.4£ 196. Feuds in the Eaftern Lmpire. 197- deriuation if the word. 301 Feud: See Field. Ff // A wdrfe her edit arie. 19 ? Feuds not to be aliened. 297 Te udsin England be fire the Nor- mans. 300 Fealtie. I90 Fief: See Feud. Filzaifncderefglife. 7$ Films Ecclefiar Maior, Minor, Tertius. 79 Fitzhaimon: Se^Mabile. Fire born before the Emperors of Rome, and Perfian Kings, in Prxfat. Flauiu*, t^e forename of Lombar- dian Kings. 76 FlorencejTv^T^ PP. Pius v. would bane made Cofmo di Med ices ¥jng: but the neighbour Princes would not fuffer it. 30. The Crown Radiant giuen to the I> .;l{e by ihe Tope. 1^3. loi & 107. the lnfcnption vpon the Crown. a 07 Flanders Earldom jts Dignities \6 its beginning. 195 Foragia. 270 Fodrum. *7o Forinfecum. 183 Franks, the generaU name. 37. & 7% Fratci SoJii & Lu** P it a Kjnp Title. 6% France : Seem Auguftus , in An- nointing, m Dukes, in Bre- tagnc, in Chriftianiftimus, ?« Filius and Fill. A conicclure of oW. 177 ifreebeeren. 183 Furca & FolXr.See m Pit and Gal- lowes. GAbriel the Angell^andhUde* liuery of the Alcoran. 1 04. & 10* Gabriels \r ing,c aufe of the Lclipfe. 1*3 Gaurlar. 1 . Chriftians. 100 GxCi. 2 ?8 Gemrie. See the Preface. George S.wbat.$6i.calIedTi:o- pa»ophorus.3 64.2nd Chcdcrlc, ibid. Genius Casfaris. 64 Gclal. no &tbe Saxon particle. z»i (Belt. 164 Girding with the (word. 13 8 . Sec in the Creations of Dutyt, Count \&c. Guild Refe. g^ GianBelul. 8jr Giaen the Chalde in Ethiopia.86 G\oczRer Earldom be&an 130 GladiusComitatus & Ducatus. 2-37* c>3i2. Gladijjusflc vfus j I2 , Globe and croffe interpreted, ijj. See in Croffe. Globe m the jut tyfh Banner. 378 Gowcr THE TABLE Gower the PeetjbttriedyOnd bow. 361.3^1 Golden world a meereficllon. tf> omnia n, 44 Cods of the idolaters in Princes Nztnes.fooftbe true God.6$.66 Cods applied to Princes. 61. fame piling tbemfelues Godsjbid-Rea- fan why its a denying of a Prince bisTitle, in< giuingbim the name of 'God. 63. lefts on them which caWd their Princes Gods. 67 Giands. 2.06 Grafio, tace. 123 Grand Maift re of France 244 Grand Efcuycr. 341 Greece, the ancient State of it. ?. the name of Greece applied to fome inward part ofA&&, 7$.& 76 Cree\ patches often affefted by old Motifs- 21. Gree\ afecledin this Western part in the middle times. 1,8 Grecians filling forein Dignities by the names of thofe Countries to which th ey were applied. 1 4 Grecian glory affected by the French Kjngs. z*8.z£8 d&teat fcing, by whom vfed 3 3 mother of Conftantine. 37 Herus. 48 Henry 11. bit conqueft and title in Ireland. $$ Henry vi 1 1 . againft Luther. 79 Hemhomomelin. 99 Hegirao/fbf Mahumedans. 100. and its Root. 1*3 HelaieRadiant.i4o.Hclme Gilt. 288. 28? Hehelguim.Stt Ailwin. Henty 1 . Se e in Mabile. ^txt^oqfytnand Hertochij. 208 Hcriots. i i*. 17 2. H h h 3 i&etjge* THE TABLE. I£el)gctefas. n ? Hrxamiliirc its ancient names, and a Coumie Palatin. 148 l^eetcn. 183 HereforcKhireL.iWJ. 233 J$iqhanci2$i%\)titfiiincz. n$ i^tgrjneflfe, 1 23 Hippocrates rewarded for curing a great Vlague. 137 Hidata Terra , & non Hidata. Hide of Land. 271 Hidage, w^. 27© Hippobaca?. 333 l?lafe affo?D <£■ t£laffo#, ft, l^lnfc-Dtc/crLadic. 61 Honor and Kcacrcncc parents to Maieftie. m Honor andVcrtuz their Temple^n Prarfat. HonorarijCodicilH. 1^.210 Holland Earldomwben began. 194. l£olt>0. 22J Holy Hand. 248 Horfe y from it the name ofKrtigbt in all languages but Enghjh. 332. HS.ScewHaire. HunggiaraTurkifh Title. 10?. gi- ven to a great fat Hog by Ifmael Sophiw dijhonor of Baiazeth. 104 HumbertDaulphin. 171 HughlcBigod bis furrendring the Earldome of Norfolk. 23 i 1 1 Aiian vfd fometimes fur Syria. 75-7* Iarittcji.Sciiph. 97 Iacupbcg. J of ScDtetu 272 ldolatrie Us beginning. 9 lewes their honoring of the New Moon.164. S^/«Sunne, and in Childbirth. Their Oaths, Con- trails and %ea\es. 328.31? Iewiih Kjngs Crown. 1 53 Ilethyia/JrLucina,n?^»^ i^f Illuftres. 383.385- Imperator the name. i$.ic.& leq. See Emperor. Imperator & Dominus to the kjngsof England. 25.2*. 3? Imperatori Proximus,a Title.iji Images of the Roman Nobilitie. in Prartat. Infula?. 14* Inferiors to fuperiors, their form e of freaking. 114.11? InHocVincc 161 Infantes and Infanta, 179 Inuefliture ofProuinces. 1^1. See in Duke, Mirqueflc, Count, &c . and in Bifhops. IudexFifcalis. 221.227 Ioannes cognomento Digito- rum. 5<* Iohn an vnlucl(ie name to I(jngs. 20 % Ioannes Belulj/ir Prefter Iohn. 15.86 IoanncsEncoe. ibid* Iohno/Sarisburie vndcr Hcnric 1 1 .requeued the Pope to giue Ire- land /0 Hcnric ii« 5^ Iohn a fterward Kjng of England, made Lord of Ireland with a Crownc of feathers fent from the Pope. ?7. and afterwards would hsuebecn a Mahumedan, and fent for the Alcoran. ior IofuahBcnNun remembredinold columns , creeled by tome that fed out o/Canaan,^ro Mauritania Tingitania,jV;/^ri/»f. 70 Ioclubc- THE TABLE, Iochabelul, i Prefter Iohn. 87 Ireland its Kings anc'witly. 31. 57. Stein Dominus, in Henry 11. in Iohn of Szrisb. in Iohn K^g. Safc/ftf /o Edgar 4 good part of it. 55 Ireland. Dukes o/Ireland. 58 Iupiters Tombe in Crete, and his epitaph. 1 z. See in Baal. H/s _/fo- tuevfdtobe.had in Oaths. 158 Iupicer Labradeus huftatue. 155 A-if /fo/«e i» Conftantinople. ludith herftory examined, with con- iettures on it . 3 3 . 3 4. »o* \mowen to the Iewcsj but from Europe. Lilian Apoftata forbidding to be calledDomiiwxs. 48 Iudas 0/ Galilee Autorofthe Seel, which would not allow any Prince the name 0/Lord. 49 Iuliers made, of a Marquifate, a Countie. 114 IusAureoium difputed. 314. & fcq. KArolouitz. 78 Karm i» Scythian, ^o Kettufli. no fcetcljpn. 286 fce(Tar,/.C£far. 28 &ci?fei\ 70 Keniifti-meniPrerogatiue ancient- ly to be in the v ant gird, in Prae- fat. Kjngdomes how begun. 2.3. & feq. vfqucad. 17 King * 185 Kjngs.fee in Swearing,?^ Crowns,. in Annointed , in Scepter, in CroiTe,i« Knighting,/^ Dukes, &c. Kjngs denominating their Nations. 74.75-76 Kiflilpaffawbence. 83.106 Kifling the Emperors foor. 38.^ fing the forefinger or hand in adoration. 38. luffing the hands. 39 40 forbidden, ibid. Hands,, Knees, and Feet. ibid. Popes foot. 39.40. why the hand was faffed, ^o. tyffing at Farewels. 42. Head, Eies , and Hands. 42. k l lfing o/Iacob^Efau.42, A Statute againft kifsing the King. 45.. Numidian Princes why not fyfl. 43 . after Praiei s> . rf»^<>/*Charitie. 43 . That Tem- plars might not tyffe a woman. . 373 &it>ermtftet#./2Baronie/tt En- gland by Creation by Patent. 282. Rnights and flighting, fome Courfe in the ancient cji times h\e lmi<$n- ing. \o6. by giuing the deferuing arms, and hamngbim fit at his fathers Table. 307.308 Kpighthuodrcceiued from whom. 308 Girding in knighthood. 309. $ 10. &feq. by giuing a blow on the eare. 312. firft mention of a Knighthood i» England. 313 Knighthood gmen by Churchmen. 313-314. Holie ctrcmonies in the ancient. THE TABLE. tinc'tcnt taking of Ifyightbood in England, andclfwbere. 314. Fees at the Knighting of a Great man anciently. 31?. Kjngs frigh- ted by their fubiecls. 3 1 ? . £y other Kings, ibid. Knight'mgb'y mea- ner men. 3 ; 6. by a K/tigbt, of hn owne power. 3 1 7. firm of frghtingnotp. 317. a fupreme l Prince may fright in any 7 crri- torie. 31 7. No tytghl to be made anciently vnleffe defcended of Noble Parentage. 3 1 8. a Knights Fee. 319. and Relief, ibid, by tvhat value one maybe cowpelld Jo take the Order. 319.310.311. Knight with land, and without land. 3 10. a Knights Equipage, Houie, and Furniture, exempt from execution and iffucs. 311. 322. ^/*77*jdifcendible to his heirs. 322. 313. Knights fcale. 323. if that were a Right of Kjiighthood. 313. Aids to frigh- ting. 330. The Father being noKmghtJh.illnothaue aid to ma^e the fonne a Knight. 331. Knightingd/fcharges Warding, and how. ^^t. whence the name of Knight in feuer all languages. 332. Knights Bachelors. 33^. & 337. Degradatio of a Knight. 337. flrifyng a Knight punifhed w///>loireofthehand.339. See in Hath, in Banneret, /;; Or- ders. Knighthood to a Mahumcdan by a C hr i ftian Emperor. 380 &noci)t. 333 Jfcnaue, km it anciently figmfied. 34i &napc & fcnabr 341 Kncfi, ;. Dulles. 17 Kneeling to Princes, 41 . //# arfwere of Philip 11.0/ Spain inexcufe being fainted with tyueling. 4 2 &onigin\ 44 Kopach /fo Rufsian Empcrours Cap, 151 L/4wj mm to bee fung , and thence called Nc//o/. 1 f Z.. * 1 Ladie. 6t Lars,Lartes. w Latins. 7$ LazarawiLazars. 78 Lamorabaquin in Froi{Tart,»te. 8* Laurell/ff Tr/z/M^. 129. whence it was ta^en, and ofwvat tree. 148 for the Cxfars. ibid, againjl Thunder. ibid. Lazi Kings might not weare pur- ple. 144 Labarum, and its form, 161 Lazziwhat. 177 JLantgraue. 211.112.146 Lancaftcr made a Palatinat. 147 Lancaftcr frvord. 31 JLatrug of Scotland. 188 Letters. 16 Lewes 11. 5i;Bafilius. Leo \.g.ine Henric vi 1 1 .the name VJDcfenDcroftbcfaitl;, 79 Lclhari. 10? Leuderique, Bifljop e/'Brcme, ta- xed of pride for vfing the name of Paftor andfuch lifr 1 1 8 Lewes xiii. of France, born. 176 Lc'iceftct Eat Idom* 13 % JleoollDifl)op. 215.104 Lcvdcs 3 what. 1^4 JWoimingCnccIjte, 333 Lcitou THE table; ttltouPMuns. 249 LcYr\\e\in Prince ofWales. 27? Liuerie andfetfin in feme fori of En- glandfo/fo Normans. 54 Lilich what. 1 6\ Limirum Duces. 183. & 109 Lithuania. 193. & 249 Liuonia. 194. & 240 Lindisfarn. 248 lor^. See in Donvnus, in Iudas of Galilee, inHhfford.andofthe • deriuation of the name. <> 9.60.61 exprcjfing a Baron. 284 llouctt) fcr Lord. 61 JLoof tf»d Loef. 61 Lodouicus^ C\\\ou\s the fame. 7I.7*.78 Londoncuflome. 16^ Lords j» curtefie, 184, Lombards or Longobards. 294 Lucanicusrf^/Lucanica. 71 Lucius /zr(2 Chi iftian JQ/flg of Bri- tain, 78 LunirsWLuna. 167 Lycofura firfi title according to Gizciznvanitie* 16 M MArnas a God of the Gaza?- ans. 12 Martyrs how they fame to be mrjhipt. 1 3 Magnus Dux Mofcouiae. 28. Li- thuania:. 1 94. See Great Duke. For Magnus fee 381 Manffci ^tfeelftnots. H6.&179 MifO. 251 Milesjrfjfc/ /fo different vfe ofit.m Miles Terram habens,&Terram non habens. 311 Miramomelinus. 102 ' Minifter Regis. See in Thane, & Thegne. Monarchic how begunne, 23. See Kingdom. Mofcouies T)u\e or Emperor ,andt$ -what Princes he vfetb the title of Emperor, and to what Duke. 28 Mofcouitiquei^tfgJ, called white Kings. 83 Mofcouit his Cap, and ceremonie 9 at the entertainment of an Embaffa- dor. i?2 MonHeur. $2. no. 171. tbeTitle of the Brother of Fiance, and apparantfucceffor. 1 7 f Moon fell in trvo peecet fbr a mira~ clc to Mahumct, "with that tale. 103 Moon, -why fet on the Turkim Mef. chits.and in fuch honor rvith them 1^3. 1^4. & $78 much honor d by the lews alfo, and all Arabi- ans. \6/\.rvhence that fuperfliti- on 3 and harv ancient andlarge.16 ? & feq. little Moons worne by the Romans defended from Sena- tors, on their fhoes.i 66. how Pre- fdentofihebarzccnLaw. 166 Mftuing the Sceptci an oth. 1 ^7 Moldauia. 382 Muftadcini. ?f Mnnai- THE TABLE. MtmW'iMswhencc. 99 Mucharam month. 16$ M\ifa\a\in 9 what. _ 103. 104. ic? Mufti. 10 j N NAmes to Nations from Kjngs. 74-71' f Print zs^compofd names of Gods vfuaUy. 65. 66. of Great men not to begi- ns to flaues. 66.67, For Names in Greece and Rome. See more inPvxhx..andinpage 119.150. Of Mabilc daughter to Fimhai- mon. Seealfoinlohn. Naming a Superior by an Inferior, &econuerfo. 115 Naib and Naib Effam, what. 94 NaJka. 164 Narrator. 191 Nergal, what. 6<$ Nebo. 6s NegumChawariawi. 87 Ncgufli, i.l(/»g. 45 New Moon. See Moon. NimrodorNabrodes. $. Ninus, *«/Nimrod. $. & 6. Nimrod how long after the Floud.7- Nim- rod £#//*Niniueh. 8. the fame with Orion according to fome. J 3 Nicholas Br eakfpe ar. ? 5 Nicaulc. 73.^74 Nitocris. 74 Nifan, an addition ofDignitie. 1 1 1 Nigellusde2i5iofee. * 321 Nilus : See in Mclas, and in Siris. Nones , or faires on that day in Rom©. 19 Notaries to he made by whom . 17 Nomophyhces their filh 1 748 Noftra Gratia, Noftra Pontifica- lisDignitas,eK. 11S Noftra Peremitas,Eternitas,Ma- ieftas,eK. 119 NormannusPrinceps. 17V Normandy Dukedom made.1^.19 ? the Inuefliture into it. 198. ca lid Margus Normannia?. 209. and the *Du\e Marcbio. 114. the Du\e commonly -written at well Dux and Conful. 224 Northumberland Du{es monfji tht Saxons. 203 Nobilitie, Greater, and LcH'c. 344 Nobilitie in other Nations generally, SecintbeYreface. o OCrjew. i$6 Ogetharius. 286 0,1c poured, &c. 119. fent fiom heauen to annoint r the French K tn g*' * 3 1 • a ^k e ia ^ e °f Oyiefent to our ¥jngs. 1 $ 4 Olbonr. 383 Olboadula. 383 Ohue to crown in the Olympians, whence, and what. 1 4a One Deitiefippofdby the Heathen. 3 Oracle to Brute. 36 Orpheus his U(i will. 3 Ordofccundus. 38? O:\onJee Nimrod.fotf the Prince of the South. 14 Order of the Garter. 3^2. 3^3. Round Table. 3 6^. of the Nun- tiada. 3^7. Of the Golden Fleece. 3^7. Of Saint Michael. ^67. of the Holy Ghoft. 3^8. of the Star. 3^8. of /kCroiflaar. $6%. of the Corn-eare. $69. of the Porcupin. 3^. of t he Thi- ftle hy the D«^o/Bourbon.3<<9 I 1 i 2 of THE TABLE. •fthe Band. 369. of S. Andrew jft Scotland. 370. of the Ele phaRt. 370. iftbj Sword- 370. «///?* BurgundianCroflc.371. of 'the Bloud of our Sauiour. 371- of S. Stephen. 371. ofS. Mark. 372 OCuis bow painted by the ^.gypti- aas. 1 54. whence the name. 66 Ofculum pacis. 43 Otbcs broken bow purifbed. 63. 64. bythe Emperor JjyGod^zi Ge- nuimPriiuipis.64. otbdfthofa which w:re bound to the Warrs. 6 ? .by the Kings head.65 .howpu- mfht if hi ol^en. ibid. Othes ttdfjSH ty.'foMahumedans with what fuper fiition. 104. bythe Scepter, and in mouing it. 157. itf.and •whence the Scepter waifwarn by. Otb of 'the Icwes. 319 Othomaniques bate to the Allans. 105 OthmanBen-Ophen. 10^ Otlio the Great his making Digni- ties Fendall. 19 PAdifchah. 45.87. 11 2 Pahbothra. 76 Paradogium in Prxfat. Paluc. 90 Papa, i.Chalipha. 96 Paul found fault with by Amirel- niumenino/* Barbaric, /^ not continuingin the Religion where* in hewasborn. 101.103 Padifchacb Mufulmin. 103 Panthcion. 141 Paftor&cuftos. 118 Paftoralis Baculus.S'fiBiftiops. Palat^n o/Khin, bu bearing the Globe and Crofjc. 1 58 Panhyperfebaftus. 171 Patritiatus. 18S Patricms. zoywhen begun for a Title. 350. & 351. & 385 Palatin.S«z» Durham, in Lan- cafter, in EYiCyin Hexamfhire, and in Comes Palatij. Palatini Archiduccs. 193 T? ahim, whence focalld. 141. & feq. Palazins. 241. 24*. Count du Pa- lais. 141. 145. Deriuatwn of the Nature and Name otherwife then the Vulgar. 244. & 245. Of the Empire 245. of France, ibid- of England. 246. 247. 248. of Poland . See in Vaiuods. Palatinatus. 249 Palatij Cultos & Comes.242.388 389 Parlaments. 22*. 217. 174. 278. and fee in Barons, and £JfKfeel= fpnoDs , and in GUittcnage= mote, PatroinCiccro. 259 Pares Baronum & Comituno. 275. 277 Pares ^^/ Peers in attainder. 28 f Pares andPccisin Our Law. 345. 345. 347. and amerciament per Pares. 347.43d Pares Kegij.348 Pares or Peers of France their number and Vignitk. 349. Sec Peers. Panumconiientus. }?'o Pares Curtis. 348 $agr)auw $aganr;am in Suf- fcx. 301 Pclcg. 7 VentateucbinGrczk before Plato. 1? Pcrfeus ]{jng 0/" Macedon fr// m- fcriptm of letters to P. &myli- as. Z9 Pcrfian THE TABLE. Perfian Umpire, the fpeciall honor of it anciently. 3 $. See in Saluta- tions,^ AlijW Sophv?/ Shach, in Ifmael, in Nifan, in Cafe, in KuTilpaflfa, in Othomaniques, ia&lamits, i«Magi. Perfian Kjngs Title at targe anci- ently. 1 1 1. and the inauguration. 13?. See in Eagle, i/*T;ar7 in Melophori, in Sun, j/zSalcho- dai,i»Mithra. Peacocks feathers Crown. $7 Peers at the childbirth. 176 Peers. See Pares. Pciagium granted. 199 ybzzttuwn of Louzn. $7± 3&falt$graueH. 22,1.24? Phaebitius. 9 Philip of Valois his letters toV.d- ward 1 1 1 . about not calling him King of France. 30 Phoenician Utters what they were. ' 69.70 Pharaoh. 72. & 73 • the fpeciall names oftbofe Pharaohs in ho'.ie writ. 75 . the word what it is. 74. Pharaohs Diadem. 141 Phateme, Mahumeds daughter. 100 Phileta»rus hk Crown and Coin.i 4 ? tyitand (EfoUoiBS o/* Scotland. 286 Plato if bee read the Bible. 1 $ Plurall number why v fed to or of a Angular pcrfon* 114 Pope titled Doftor only, by the Mofcouit.28. ifhegmehim the Title of Emperor, ibid. See in Florence,, in England, in An- felm, in Fatuitas, in Leo, in Kifsing. No Emperor writes him- (elf more then ElecT: or Rex Ro- manorurn, till annointed by the .?*/*. i7i.&fcq. 387 Porphyrogcnitus whence & nhat. Ss.Stfec\.towhomgiuen. ibid. Porphyra a houfe for the Srfpreffe to be deliuerd in. 8 2.8$ PontusEuxinus. 90 Pofoch, the Crojfe on the Muko- uics Cap. j 52 Poryhyiiaswhence the name. 144 Pomum Imperiale. 158 Polack Nebilitie. 240,249 Prometheus the fir ft that ruled and vrasKmg 9 according to Greets va- mtie. \i6. his baaing a Crown. 142.143 Princeps &Principatus. 19 Piefter Iohn. 85. wWBeldigi- an, Toannes Enco, Helul Gian, Iochabellul. 86. 87. 'not titled Emperor of the Abifens but E« thiopians. 86. Presbyter loan- nes, and Prefter lehan ; how thefe names came to be giucn him. 87. thee on f upon of the names of theAfiatiquc Preftigiani and the Ethiopian Emperor. 87. his Title at Urge. 88 Preftigiani, /. Apoftolique.87.88 Pnftijuan. 88 Priti loan. in Prjjf. Protofymbulus. 23.8c 377 Prouinciall of Rome. 80. & 130 Princes of the Empire, 1 1 6 Pragmatica o/"Spain. touchingTi- tles and D unities, n5.i8o.2odT. o 2T4 Princeps Iuuentirtis. 169 Princeps Senatus. 170 Prince of Wales when fir [I in the heircs apparant of England. 1 77. 178 Prince of Scotland. 179 Prencipcdelas Afturias. 179 Prufsia gmen to the Dafe. 191. DH^esinPvxxdia. 124240. lii 3 Pro- THE TABLE. ProtocomesAnglia?. 239 Primus Comes Palatinus. 242 Protofcbaftus. 246 Principautes. 256 Punique. See in Tongues. purple how a Note Roy all, and "when jft/r.83. SccinShoozs. Purpureus what itjignifies. 144 Punifhment. See in Crofle, in Othes, in $it^<0aUott>0* QVcn & Quena. 44- & 246 £luecn whence deriued. 44 rQuirinus and Quirites whence. 14? R RAdiant Helme. 140. Tor Ra- ti ani fee in Florcnce/fld wSun. Rabbins interpretation of the plu- rall vfdin the beginning of Ge- ne (is. 114. learned of a maid af- kittg her MiflreJJe for a broom, bow to vvdcrflandaplace of Scri- pture, in Pi * f. Ramfey Abbey founded. 2.2.7 Rape of hvuvu&eX. 2.3 f 18aDbnigl)t6 what. 354 Ralph Grey X&ight his purpofed degradation. 339 Rex&Rcgifugium. 19.&20. & feq. Regillianus his being made Empe- ror by his name. 20 Reguli. 31 RcxRegum. .31. 34. See'mY.'mz, u\e- doms, and Counties in France, vpon default of heirs males in the Crown. 196 Reflbrt& Souerante. 196 Riga for Regem or Rex. 23 \ing foHenrie n. fent from the Pope as an lnuefliture of Ire- land. 5^.&?7 Ring an ancient maieriaU in giuing ofdignitie, 199.200. Seeinln- ueftiture, iz? Duke, Count, Marquis , and Vicount. Rings of gold how and to what vfe in old Rome. 323. giuenat the giu'wg of Ingenuitie. 325 l$igr)ttoo?ft)ipfuU, 124 Richmond Earldom. I99. £229 Ricos hombres. 239 Richard Zarle ofComviallbrotbcr foHenrieui. 345 IRiUers, 331 Rofle Earldom. 17^ Rothfay Dukedom. 1 79 Robert of Veer made Du\e of Ire- land, and Marquijfe of Dublin. z\6 Rowland. 242 Robert Grofteft his an/were to Henrie 1 1 1. questioning him yvhence he fo well was able, to in- flrucl yong courtiers, in fine Praefat. Rodulph 1 1 . Smperor his League with THE TABLE. mtb'tbt Turk about their Titles. *n Round Tables. 3 6 $.366 Roroanorum Imperator. 3 P7 Rubeum Caput. 83.84 Ruftia Alba & Nigra. 84 Rufsian. SVe Mufcouic. SAlchodai of the Pcrfians, what. 1 1 Salutations tmxt Emperors. 38.40. itfRome anciently twixt common per fons 47 . flattering fa- lutations forbidden by the Rmpe- ror.4o.Vcxf\2nfalutations. 40. 41. Iewifh 49. f*. Puniquc and Syrian , and Greek. ?$. Tuikim.98. See in Pragmatica, and in Superior?. Sanditas Regum. 6$ Saba ghtce n -whence. 7 3 Salomon, ^ateftic. 1x3 Saturn President of the Iewifh taw i» Aftrologie. 166. S^Belus. Salique law whence, and 'when , ^ 6/ wfow compofd. 175. & 299. Salica Terra what. 17?. & 296 Saxon Nobilitie anciently. 177.204 &2*8 Sagibar«. 261 *batt) or g>afee. 261 £>accabo?, £>att>abo?, Sec. 163 Sagroaria. 291 Saumarius. 291 Sardanapalus. 6 Sanzacbcgler. 3f5-377-& 379 Scaligeian/^»i/ie. 92. Scepter how anciently a to\en ofKoi- a! tie. 1? 4. Eagles born, and other birds^tf the top of it. 1 5 5. an en- figne cftheConfuls. 155. fwea- ring by it.\ 57. why and. whence it WMvfdmothcs. i?8 Scutarius. 340 Scales, 263 .^cilpo?. 341 Scotland^ Kjng free as the Empe- ror. 27. frighted here in Eng« land , and his excepting againfi, ' */?* Marihals/^J. 315 Sefoftris, SefooIis 3 or Sefoncho- fis. 32-73.&4^ Septimius Seuerus whycalld Ara- bicus. 85 Semper Auguftus 3 & Semper in- uidus. 8? Seat of the Great Chan. 92 Seals, who might vfe them ancienty with vs 323. how among the Ro- mans, ibid. &3X9. when they came firfi hither. 327. among theUwes. 318. in white wax. in Prxfat. Seleucia, Bagded. $3 SeriphflrSciiifc. 97 Seithi. 97 Senior. lio.iu SerenitasNoftfa. 120 Sebaftocrator. 122.1 56.171. 197 Senoij Sanfenoi, Saminegeloph. 161 Seigneurs Suzerains. 207 Scnelchal. 244 Setar,/. ftarra. 328 SckfeywSuflex. 301 Seldea TK Li r - L :: : Z~ir f : : ' " " : - r:;. : : - *. £: - . -:- :-: - : r. ! ... :.-- r : : :__ . r. : ■ . '- : - - . - ^ z ram i : rr/i ^tr^r^. i - 1 _ . - i : - - I : - * r.:". : -.::- :* »■ -- ;. : -: :-' : . '.-..:;_ -j ; 1_- ': :;:. bnv Sec 'smn. ■ , LE A. :.: : :_- !?'•■"•■ ■ " : - -"' - - : . . ; ' .■:■' ='..;•;.,.•■.' - - - Ti Ti | r v~ . - IJ . V - : r "■ ;J:_ w.7.-. ;/rv 'uir ■ .- tri-i .; THE TABLE. xy.. Scz'm VauaroiTr*' Vauaflbries. »9i Yauafours in Prance and Eng- land. 292 and of England in l%$.tyl<)0jx>bcce tteivord.iyS Valuafini. *9 l Vadnre legem , & amitteve le- gem. 344 ■Vafll & V&dW^whcnce. 297.198. &fcq. Vclenno. 10 VezirSc Vezirazem. »;. 377 Vcroroamiia. 71 VkreusOrdinationis liber. 13 y" Viennois. S^citf Daulphin. Yifcounts -whence, and what in France, 2?o. 2.51. fo« inuesli- ture. ift.Firft'm England, and Scotland. 256 Vicedcminus. *53«M4 Yiguiers. 2*1 Vicecomes, whence fo called, for Shirife. 2? 2 Vicarius. 2^2 Vidames, Borate. 153 Virgata Terra?. 172 Yiro/orBaro. 275 Villain" tymhted. 318 VkChan,»te. 8s.S9.91 Vnchan or Vmcham. %6.%i.& $x Vn&ion. S^cin Annointing. Vokeius MeBa Libcrtus to Pom- pcy. 32? Viurn Padifchach, /. the Emperor. 103' Y;um Chafan. 105 \v W common with Qu. /??/r/ •Gu. '/fc//>r. ^4. Sec in England 6 land. WaJcs: Sec Prince, I7>' Walter BiflvpofEly. li8 cacriDtl)egncs,w^f. **. 8 * White i» ffo Dkdmjr^r to X*tigs. I44.i4f Cflrjitcfnurrcs. 343 Wilcihire-roens Prerogative. In Prjefat. CtXTite. %(i.i6}.&tf9 cCtittenagcmotcs. 226.27* Wiieme of the fca&W* K/»^- ro8 #7/c, putting her away, and taking hcraga'me y one of the execrations in the MahumedansOarh. 104 William Conqueior his arrinaU and (tumbling at the jhore. 34. hisfubieHing Church lands to the tenures. 183 Will: 1 uhis deniall of :he Vopcz* Wight the lies Kjngs. 31 Worlds gouemment according to Hermes. 3 Women and wines called Domina?, and Lades. 5 J Worn en the cues drowned. 186 v/onll. le 7 saoiuiip a»^3o:fl)ipfuU. 114 ffiUoifl;ipful! prince, 124 X x A fir Shach. Xcriph: 5wi» Seriph, in 'Ecrs: Sec in Computation. \ I bit 7, ZAga Zabo. 7amer Chan. .rgan. Zclcbi. Zofteria Mincxua. Zu;ia. 8J. 37 9i 91 ;8i 311 hi X ■ •