/  O  .   O 
 
 PRESENTED  TO  THE  LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 
 PRINCETON  THEOLOGICAL  SEMINARY 
 
 BY 
 
 fArs.  Ale*andei<  Pfoudfit. 
 
 sc 
 
 % ...... 
 
 3 
 
 \Z.y 
 
 mk 
 
*  tt 
 
Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
 
 in  2011  with  funding  from 
 
 Princeton  Theological  Seminary  Library 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/historyofpur04neal 
 
THE 
 
 HISTORY 
 
 O  F    T  H  E 
 
 PURITANS, 
 
 O    R, 
 
 Proteftant  Non  -  Conforraifts, 
 
 FROM     THE 
 
 Death  of  King  CHARLES  I.  to  the 
 
 Ad  of  Toleration  by  King  William 
 and  Queen  Mary,  in  the  Year  1689. 
 
 WITH 
 
 An  Account  of  their  Principles ;  their  Attempts 
 for  a  further  REFORMATION  in  the 
 CHURCH;  their  Sufferings ;  and  the  Lives 
 and  Charadters  of  their  Principal  Divines. 
 
 By  DANIEL  "NEAL,  M.  A. 
 VOL.     IV. 
 
 This  know  alfo,  that  in  the  lajl  Days  perilous  Times 
 
 Jball  come,  2  Tim.  iii.  i. 
 They  Jhall  put  you  out  of  the  Synagogues  ;  yea,  the  Time 
 
 cometh,  that  whqfoever  killeth  you  will  think  that  he 
 
 doth  God  Service,  John  xvi.  2. 
 
 DUBLIN: 
 
 Printed  for  Brice  Edmond,  Bookfeller,  &4ddifori>s- 
 Head  in  Dame-Jlreet, 
 
 MDCCLV. 
 
inn-"— —"■"'""  "'M-;'"    "!■ Li!1.?1!!-        -/-,r    '"*"'-■'    ■"■"■"■""■ggrgggyii 
 
 cfsret 
 
 THE 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 THIS  Volume  brings  the  Hiftory  of  the 
 Sufferings  of  the  Puritans  down  to  its  pe- 
 riod ;  for  though  the  Proteftant  Diffen- 
 ters  have  fince  complained  of  feveral  dif- 
 ficulties and  difcouragernents,  yet  moft  of  the  Penal 
 Laws  have  been  fufpended  ;  the  profecutions  of  the 
 Spiritual  Courts  have  been  confiderably  reftrained 
 by  the  kind  interpofition  of  the  Civil  Powers,  and 
 Liberty  of  Conlcience  enjoyed  without  the  Ha- 
 zard of  Fines,  Imprifonments,  and  other  Terrors  of 
 this  World. 
 
 The  Times  now  in  review  were  flormy  and  bois- 
 terous :  Upon  the  Death  of  King  Charles  I.  the 
 Conftitution  was  diffolved  :  The  Men  at  the  Helm 
 had  no  legal  Authority  to  change  the  Government 
 into  a  Commonwealth,  the  Protectormip  of  Crom- 
 wel  was  an  Ufurpation,  becaufe  grafted  only  on  the 
 Military  Power,  and  fowere  all  the  mifhapen  Forms 
 into  which  the  Administration  was  call  till  the  Re- 
 storation pf  the  King.  In  order  to  pafs  a  right  Judg- 
 A  2  ment 
 
iv  The    PREFACE. 
 
 rnent  upon  thefe  extraordinary  Revolutions,  the  tem- 
 per and  circumftances  of  the  Nation  are  to  be  duly 
 considered  ;  for  thefe  actions  which  in  fome  circum- 
 ftances are  highly  criminal,  may  in  a  different  fitu- 
 ation  of  affairs  become  neceffary.  The  parties  en- 
 gaged in  the  Civil  Wars  were  yet  living,  and  their 
 refentments  againft  each  other  fo  much  enflamed,  as 
 to  cut  off  all  hopes  of  a  Reconciliation  ;  each  dread- 
 ed the  others  fuccefs,  well  knowing  they  muft  fall  a 
 Sacrifice  to  thofe  who  fhould  prevail.  All  prefent 
 views  of  the  King's  recovering  his  Father's  Throne 
 were  defeated  at  the  Battle  of  Worcefter,  the  Loy- 
 alifts  being  then  entirely  broken  and  difperfed  ;  fo 
 that  if  fome  fuch  extraordinary  genius  as  CromweFs 
 Jiad  not  undertaken  to  fteer  the  Nation  through  the 
 ftorm,  it  had  not  been  poffible  to  hold  the  Govern- 
 ment together  till  Providence  fhould  open  a  Way 
 for  reftoring  the  Conftituticn,  and  fettling  it  on  its 
 legal  Bafis. 
 
 o 
 
 The  various  Forms  of  Government  (if  they  defervc 
 thatName)  which  the  Officers  of  the  Army  introduced 
 after  the  death  of  Cromwel,  made  the  Nation  fick  of 
 their  frenzies,  and  turned  their  Eyes  towards  their 
 banifhed  Sovereign,  whofe  Reftoration,  after  all, 
 could  not  be  accomplished  without  great  imprudence 
 on  one  part,  and  the  moft  artful  difllmulation  on  the 
 other.  The  Prefbyterians,  like  weak  politicians,  fur- 
 rendered  at  difcretion,  and  parted  with  their  Power 
 on  no  other  fecurity  than  the  Royal  Word,  for  which 
 they  have  been  fufficiently  reproached  •,  though  I  am 
 of  opinion,  that  if  the  King  had  been  brought  in  by  a 
 Treaty,  the  fucceeding  Parliament  would  have  fet  it 
 afide.  On  the  other  hand,  nothing  can  be  more  no- 
 torious, than  the  deep  hypocrify  of  General  Monk, 
 and  the  folemn  affurances  given  by  the  Bifhops  and 
 Other  Loyal  ifts,  and  even  by  the  King  himfelf,  of  bu- 
 rying all  paft  offences  under  the  Foundation  of  the 
 Reftoration  •,  but  when  they  were  lifted  into  the  fad- 
 die, 
 
The     PREFACE. 
 
 die,  the  hafte  they  made  to  mew  how  little  they  meant 
 by  their  promifes,  exceeded  the  rules  of  decency  as 
 well  as  honour.  Nothing  would  fatisfy,  till  their  ad- 
 verfaries  were  difarmed,  and  in  a  manner  deprived  of 
 the  Protection  of  the  Government ;  the  terms  of  Con- 
 formity were  made  narrower  and  more  exceptionable 
 than  before  the  Civil  Wars,  the  Penal  Laws  were  ri- 
 goroufly  executed,  and  new  ones  framed  almoft  eve- 
 ry Seffion  of  Parliament  for  feveral  fu.cceflive  years  ; 
 the  Non-conformifl  Minifters  were  banifhed  five  miles 
 from  all  the  Corporations  in  England,  and  their  People 
 fold  for  Sums  of  Money  to  carry  on  the  King's  un- 
 lawful pleafures,  and  to  bribe  the  Nation  into  Popery 
 and  Slavery  •,  till  the  Houfe  of  Commons,  awaken- 
 ed at  laft  with  a  fenfe  of  the  threatening  danger  grew 
 intractable,  and  was  therefore  diffolved.  His  Maje- 
 fty  having  in  vain  attempted  feveral  other  Represen- 
 tatives or  the  People,  determined  fome  time  before 
 his  death  to  change  the  Constitution,  and  govern  by 
 his  fovereign  Will  and  Pleafure ;  that  the  mifchiefs 
 which  could  not  be  brought  upon  the  Nation,  by 
 confent  of  Parliament,  might  be  introduced  under  the 
 wing  of  the  Prerogative  ;  but  the  Roman  Catholicks 
 not  fatisfied  with  the  flow  proceedings  of  a  difguifed 
 Proteftant,  or  apprehending  that  the  difcontents  of 
 the  people  and  his  own  love  of  eafe  might  induce  him 
 fome  time  or  other  to  change  meafures,  refolved  to 
 have  a  Prince  of  their  own  religion,  and  more  fan- 
 guine  principles  on  the  throne,  which  haflen'd  the 
 crifis  of  the  nation,  and  brought  forward  that  Glo- 
 rious Revolution  of  King  William  and  Queen  Mary, 
 which  put  a  final  period  to  all  their  projects. 
 
 The  nature  of  my  defign  does  not  admit  of  a  large 
 and  particular  relation  of  all  the  Civil  Tranfa&ions 
 of  thefe  times,  but  only  of  fuch  a  fummary  as  may 
 give  light  to  the  affairs  of  religion  •,  and  I  could  have 
 wifhed  that  the  memory  of  both  had  been  entirely 
 blotted  out  of  the  records  of  time,  if  the  animofi- 
 ties  of  the  feveral  parties,  and  their  unchriftian  prin- 
 A  3  ciples 
 
vi  The    P  R  E  F  A  C  E. 
 
 ciples  had  been  buried  with  them ;  but,  as  the  re- 
 membring  them  may  be  a  Warning  to  posterity,  it 
 ought  to  give  no  offence  to  any  denomination  of 
 Chriftians  of  the  prefent  age,  who  are  no  ways  an- 
 fwerable  for  the  conduct  of  their  anceflors,  nor  can 
 otherwife  fhare  in  a  cenfure  of  it,  than  as  they  main- 
 tain the  fame  principles,  and  imitate  the  fame  un- 
 chriftian  behaviour.  At  the  end  of  each  year  I  have 
 added  the  characters  of  the  principal  Non-conformift 
 Minifters  as  they  died,  partly  from  the  hiftorians  of 
 thofe  times,  but  chiefly  from  the  writings  ot  the 'late 
 reverend  Dr.  Calamy,  whole  integrity,  moderation, 
 and  indullry,  deferve  a  peculiar  commendation.  My 
 defign  was  to  preferve  the  memory  of  the  Reverend 
 Aflembly  of  Divines  at  Weftminfter,  as  well  as  of 
 the  little  Army  of  ConfefTors,  who  afterwards  fuffer- 
 ed  fo  deeply  in  the  caufe  of  Non-conformity. 
 
 In  paffing  a  judgment  on  the  feveral  parties  in 
 Church  and  State,  I  have  carefully  diftinguilhed  be- 
 tween thofe  who  went  into  all  the  arbitrary  meafures 
 of  the  Court,  and  fuch  as  flood  firm  by  the  Pro- 
 teftant  Religion,  and  the  Liberties  of  their  Country  y 
 for  it  mull  be  allowed,  that  in  the  reign  of  King 
 Charles  II.  there  were  even  among  the  clergy,  fome 
 of  the  worft  as  well  as  bed  of  men,  as  will  appear 
 to  a  demonftration  in  the  eourfe  of  this  hiftory  ;  but 
 I  defire  no  greater  ftrefs  may  be  laid  upon  Facts  of 
 Characters  than  the  quality  of  the  Vouchers  in  the 
 margin  will  fupport.  Where  thefe  have  been  dif- 
 ferently related,  I  have  relied  on  the  beft  authorities, 
 and  fometimes  reported  from  both  fides,  leaving  the 
 Reader  to  chufe  for  himfelf :  for,  if  Facts  are  fairly 
 reprefented,  the  Hiflorian  is  difcharged.  I  am  not 
 fo  vain  as  to  imagine  this  hiftory  free  from  Errors ; 
 but  if  any  miftakes  of  confequence  are  made  to  ap- 
 pear, they  fhall  be  acknowledged  with  thankfulnefs 
 to  thofe  who  fhall  point  them  out  in  a  civil  and 
 friendly  manner :  And  as  I  aim  at  nothing  but  Truth, 
 
 I  fee 
 
The    PREFACE.  vii 
 
 I  fee  no  reafon  to  engage  in  a  warm  defence  of  any 
 parries  of  Chriftians  who  pafs  before  us  in  review, 
 but  leave  their  conduct  to  the  cenfure  of  the  World. 
 Some  few  Remarks  of  my  own  are  here  and  there  in- 
 terfperfed,  which  the  Reader  will  receive  according 
 as  he  apprehends  them  to  follow  from  the  premi- 
 fes ;  but  I  flatter  my  (elf,  that  when  he  has  carefully 
 perufed  the  feveral  Volumes  of  this  Hiftory,  he  will 
 agree  with  me  in  the  following  Conclufion. 
 
 Fir  ft,  That  Uniformity  of  Sentiments  in  Religi- 
 on is  not  to  be  attained  among  Chriftians  ;  nor  will 
 a  Comprehenfion  within  an  Eftablifhment  be  of  fer- 
 vice  to  the  caufe  of  truth  and  liberty  without  a  To- 
 leration of  all  other  dutiful  .Subjects.  Wife  and 
 good  Men,  after  their  moft  diligent  fearches  after 
 Truth,  have  feen  Things  in  a  different  light,  which 
 is  not  to  be  avoided  as  long  as  they  have  liberty 
 to  judge  for  themfelves.  If  Chrift  had  appointed 
 an  infallible  Judge  upon  Earth  ;  or  Men  were  to 
 be  determined  by  an  implicit  Faith  in  their  Su- 
 periors, there  would  be  an  end  of  fuch  differences  ; 
 but  all  the  Engines  of  human  Policy  that  have 
 been  fet  at  work  to  obtain  it  have  hitherto  failed  of 
 fucceis.  Subfcriptions,  and  a  variety  of  oaths  and 
 other  tells  have  occafioned  great  mifchiefs  to  the 
 Church  -,  By  thefe  means  Men  of  weak  morals, 
 and  ambitious  Views  have  been  raifed  to  the  high- 
 eft  Preferments,  while  others  of  ftricter  virtue,  and 
 fuperior  talents,  have  been  neglected  and  laid  afide; 
 and  Power  has  been  lodged  in  the  hands  of  thofe 
 who  have  ufed  it  in  an  unchriftian  manner,  to  force 
 Men  to  an  agreement  in  founds  and  outward  ap- 
 pearances, contrary  to  the  true  conviction  and  fenfe 
 of  their  minds ;  and  thus  a  lading  reproach  has  been 
 brought  on  the  Chriftian  Name,  and  on  the  genuine 
 principles  of  a  Proteftant  Church. 
 
 A  4  Secondly, 
 
viii  The  P  R  E  F  A  C  E. 
 
 Secondly,  All  parties  of  Chriftians,  when  in  Pow- 
 er, have  been  guilty  of  perfecution  for  Confcience 
 fake.  The  annals  of  the  Church  are  a  moll  melan- 
 choly demonftration  of  this  truth.  Let  the  reader 
 call  to  mind  the  bloody  proceedings  of  the  PopiQi 
 Bifhops  in  Queen  Mary's  reign  ;  and  the  account 
 that  has  been  given  of  the  Star  Chamber  and  High 
 Commiffion  Court  in  later  times ;  what  numbers  of 
 ufeful  Minifters  have  been  fequefter'd,  imprifon'd, 
 and  their  families  reduced  to  poverty  and  difgrace 
 for  refufing  to  wear  a  white  furplice,  or  to  comply 
 with  a  few  indifferent  ceremonies  !  What  havock  did 
 the  Prefbyterians  make  with  their  Covenant  Unifor- 
 mity ;  their  Jure  Divino  difcipline,  and  their  rigid 
 prohibition  of  reading  the  old  Service  Book !  And 
 though  the  Independants  had  a  better  notion  of  the 
 rights  of  Confcience,  how  defective  was  their  inftru- 
 ment  of  Government  under  Cromwel!  How  arbi- 
 trary the  proceedings  of  their  Tryers !  How  narrow 
 their  lift  of  Fundamentals  !  And  how  fevere  their 
 reftraints  of  the  Prefs!  And  though  the  rigorous  pro- 
 ceedings of  the  Puritans  of  this  age,  did  by  no  means 
 rival  thofe  of  the  Prelates  before  and  after  the  Civil 
 Wars,  yet  they  are  fo  many  Species  of  perfecution, 
 and  not  to  be  juftified  even  by  the  confufion  of  the 
 times  in  which  they  were  acted. 
 
 Thirdly,  "  It  is  unfafe  and  dangerous  to  intruft 
 "  any  fort  of  Clergy  with  the  power  of  the  Sword  ;" 
 for  our  Saviour's  Kingdom  is  not  of  this  World,  "  if 
 "  it  were  (fays  he)  then  would  my  Servants  fight, 
 "  but  now  is  my  Kingdom  not  from  hence."  The 
 Church  and  State  mould  fland  on  a  diftincl:  Bafis, 
 and  their  Jurifdiction  be  agreeable  to  the  nature  of 
 \  their  crimes  ;  thofe  of  the  Church  purely  Spiritual, 
 and  thofe  of  the  State  purely  Civil  ;  as  the  King  is 
 fupream  in  the  State,  he  is  alfo  head,  or  guardian  of 
 the  Church  in  thofe  spiritual  rights  that  Chrift  has 
 
 intrufled 
 
The    PREFACE.  ix 
 
 intruded  it  with.  When  the  Church  in  former 
 ages  ntft  alTumed  the  fecular  power,  it  not  only  ri- 
 val'd  the  State,  but.  in  a  little  time  lifted  up  its  head 
 above  Emperors  and  Kings,  and  all  the  Potentates 
 of  the  Earth  :  The  Thunder  of  its  Anathema's  was 
 heard  in  all  Nations,  and  tc  in  her  fkirts  was  found 
 "  the  Blood  of  the  Prophets,  and  Saints,  and  of  all 
 "  that  were  (lain  upon  the  Earth."  And  whenever 
 it  recovers  the  wound  that  was  given  it  at  the  Re- 
 formation, it  will  undoubtedly  refume  the  fame  ab- 
 folute  coercive  dominion.  It  is  therefore  the  intereft 
 of  all  Sovereign  Princes,  to  keep  the  Clergy  within 
 the  limits  that  Chrift  has  prefcribed  them  in  the  New 
 Teflament,  and  not  to  truft  them  with  the  power  of 
 inflicting  corporal  pains  and  penalties  on  their  Sub- 
 jects, which  have  no  relation  to  the  Chriftian  me- 
 thods of  Converfion. 
 
 Fourthly,  "  Reformation  of  Religion,  or  a  Re- 
 "  drefs  of  grievances  in  the  Church  has  not  in  fact 
 "  arifen  from  the  Clergy."  I  would  not  be  thought 
 to  reflect  upon  that  venerable  order,  which  is  of 
 great  ufefulnefs,  and  deferved  honour,  when  the  ends 
 of  its  inftitution  are  purfued  ;  but  fo  ftrange  has  been 
 the  infatuation,  fo  enchanting  the  lull  of  dominion, 
 and  the  charms  of  riches  and  honour,  that  the  pro- 
 pagation of  piety  and  virtue  has  been  very  much 
 neglected,  and  little  elfe  thought  of  but  how  they 
 might  rife  higher  in  the  authority  and  grandeur  of 
 this  world,  and  fortify  their  ftrong  holds  againft  all 
 that  ftiould  attack  them.  In  the  dawn  of  the  Re- 
 formation the  Clergy  maintained  the  Pope's  Supre- 
 macy againft  the  King,  till  they  were  caft  in  a  Prae- 
 munire. In  the  reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth  there  was  \ 
 but  one  of  the  whole  bench  who  would  join  in 
 the  confecration  of  a  Proteftant  Biftiop ;  and  when 
 the  Reformation  was  eftablifhed,  how  cruelly  did 
 thefe  Proteftant  Bifhops,  who  themfelves  had  furTer- 
 ed  for  Religion,  vex  the  Puritans,  becaufe  they  could 
 
 not 
 
The  P  R  E  F  A  C  E. 
 
 not  come  up  to  their  ftandard.  How  unfriendly  did 
 they  behave  at  the  Hampton-Court  Conference  !  At 
 the  Refloration  of  King  Charles  II.  and  at  the  late 
 Revolution  of  King  William  and  Queen  Mary!  when 
 the  moil  folemn  promifes  were  broken,  and  the  moft 
 hopeful  opportunity  of  accommodating  differences 
 among  Protectants  loft,  by  the  perverfnefs  of  the 
 Clergy  towards  thofe  very  men  who  had  faved  them 
 from  ruin.  So  little  ground  is  there  to  hope  for  an 
 Union  amongft  Chriilians,  or  the  propagation  of 
 Truth,  Peace,  and  Charity,  from  Councils,  Synods, 
 General  Ailemblies,  or  Convocations  of  the  Clergy 
 of  any  fort  whatsoever. 
 
 Fifthly,  Upon  thefe  principles  it  is  evident,  "  that 
 c*  Freedom  of  Religion,  in  fubordination  to  the  Civil 
 "  Power,  is  for  the  benefit  of  fociety,  and  no  ways 
 "  inconfiftent  with  a  publick  Eftablimment."  The 
 King  may  create  dignitaries,  and  give  fufficient  En- 
 couragement to  thofe  of  the  publick  Religion,  with 
 out  invading  the  Liberties  of  his  Diffenting  Subjects. 
 If  Religious  Eftablifhments  were  ftript  of  their  Ju- 
 dicial Procefies,  and  Civil  JurifdicTtion,  no  harm  could 
 be  feared  from  them.  And  as  his  Majefty  is  Defen- 
 der of  the  Faith  in  Scotland  as  well  as  England,  and 
 equally  the  guardian  of  both  Churches,  he  will,  no 
 doubt,  hold  the  balance,  and  prevent  either  from 
 rifmg  to  fiich  a  pitch  of  greatnefs  as  to  acl:  indepen- 
 dently on  the  State,  or  become  formidable  or  op- 
 preilive  to  their  neighbours  ;  the  former  would  cre- 
 ate Imperium  in  Imperio ;  and  "  there  is  but 
 ct  one  ftep  between  the  Church's  being  independant 
 "  on  the  State,  and  the  State  becoming  dependant 
 "  on  the  Church."  Befides,  as  freedom  of  Reli- 
 gion is  for  the  true  honour  and  dignity  of  the  Crown, 
 it  is  no  lefs  for  the  fervice  of  the  Community  ;  for 
 the  example  of  the  neighbouring  Nations  may  con- 
 vince us,  that  "  Uniformity  in  the  Church  will  al- 
 "  ways   be   attended  with  abfolute   and   defpotick 
 
 "  power 
 
The  P  R  E  F  A  C  E.  xi 
 
 il  power  in  the  State."  The  meetings  of  Diffent- 
 ing  Protectants  were  formerly  called  feditious,  becauie 
 the  peace  of  the  publick  was  fa  Illy  fuppofed  to  con- 
 fift  in  Uniformity  of  Worfhip  ;  but  long  experience 
 has  taught  us  the  contrary  ;  for,  though  the  Non- 
 conforming in  thofe  times  gave  no  difturban.ee  to  die 
 adminiftration,  the  Nation  was  far  from  being  at 
 peace  ;  but  when  things  came  to  a  crifis,  their  join- 
 ing with  the  Church  againft  a  corrupt  Court  and 
 Miniftry,  faved  the  Religion  and  Liberties  of  the 
 Nation.  It  raiift  therefore  be  the  intereft  of  a  free 
 people  to  fupport  and  encourage  Liberty  of  Confci- 
 ence,  and  not  to  fufTer  any  one  great  and  powerful 
 Religious  Body  to  oppreis,  devour,  and  fwallow  up 
 the  reft. 
 
 Finally,  "  When  Proteftant  DilTenters  recoiled 
 M  the  fufFerings  of  their  fathers  in  the  laft  age  for 
 "  the  freedom  of  their  confciences,  Jet  them  be 
 "  thankful  that  their  lot  is  caft  in  more  fettled 
 "  times."  The  Liberties  of  England  are  the  price 
 of  a  great  deal  of  blood  and  treafure  ;  wide  breaches 
 were  made  in  the  Conftitution  in  the  four  reigns  of 
 the  Male  Line  of  the  Stuarts,  perfecution  and  ar- 
 bitrary power  went  hand  in  hand  j  the  Conftitution 
 was  often  in  convulfive  Agonies,  when  the  patrons 
 of  liberty  appeared  boldly  in  the  noble  caufe,  and 
 facrificed  their  eftates  and  lives  in  its  defence.  The 
 Puritans  flood  firm  by  the  Proteftant  Religion,  and 
 by  the  liberties  of  their  Country  in  the  reigns  of 
 King  Charles  II.  and  King  James  II.  and  received 
 the  Fire  of  the  Enemy,  from  all  their  batteries, 
 without  moving  fedition,  or  taking  advantage  of  their 
 perfecutors,  when  it  was  afterwards  in  their  power. 
 Some  amendments,  in  my  humble  opinion,  are  (till 
 wanting  to  fettle  the  caufe  of  liberty  on  a  more  equal 
 bafis,  and  to  deliver  wife  and  good  men  from  the 
 fetters  of  oaths,  fubferiptions  and  religious  tefts  of 
 all  forts.     But  whether  fuch  defirable  bleflings  are 
 
 in 
 
xii  The    PREFACE. 
 
 in  referve  for  this  Nation,  muft  be  left  to  thedetermi- 
 nation  of  an  All-wife  Providence.  In  the  mean  time, 
 may  Proteftant  Diflenters  exprefs  their  gratitude  for 
 the  protection  and  eafe  they  enjoy  at  prefent,  by  an 
 tindilfembled  piety  towards  God  !  By  a  firm  and  un- 
 ftiaken  loyalty  to  his  Majefly's  Perfon,  and  wife  ad- 
 minifiration  !  by  avoiding  every  thing  that  tends  to 
 perfecution  or  cenforioufnefs  for  meer  differences  irt 
 Religion  !  And  by  the  integrity  of  their  own  lives 
 and  manners !  And  while  they  think  it  their  duty 
 to  feparate  from  the  National  Eftablifhment,  may 
 they  diflinguifh  themfelves  by  the  exercife  of  all  fo- 
 cial  Virtues,  and  ftand  fail  in  the  Liberty  where- 
 with the  Providence  of  God  has  made  them  free  ! 
 By  fuch  a  conduct  they  will  preferve  their  characters 
 with  all  fober  perfons,  and  will  tranfmit  the  Bleffings 
 of  the  prefent  age  to  their  lateft  pofterity. 
 
 London, 
 
 March  i,  1737-8. 
 
 Daniel  Neal. 
 
THE 
 
 HISTORY 
 
 O  F    T  H  E 
 
 PURITANS. 
 
 CHAP.     I. 
 
 From  the  Death  of  King  Charles  I  to 
 the  Coronation  of  King  Charles  II.  in 
 Scotland. 
 
 PON  the  death  of  the  late  King,    the   Common- 
 legal  Government  was  diflblved,  and  all     wealth, 
 that   followed    till    the   Refloration    of  t    ^9- 
 King  Charles  II.  was  no  better  than  an  The  Mo_ 
 Ufurpation  under  different  fhapes ;    the  narchy 
 Houfe  of  Commons,  if  it  may  deferve  tu™'d  int0 
 that  name,  after  it  had  been  purged  of  ^^ 
 a  third  part  of  its  Members,  relying  on 
 the  "  AGt  of  Limitation,  "    called  themfelves  the  **  Su- 
 preme Authority  of  the  Nation,"  and   began   with  an  Aft 
 to  difinherit  the  Prince  of  Wales,  forbidding  all  perfons  to 
 proclaim   him    King  of  England,  on  pain  of  High  Trea- 
 
 fon 
 
The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y 
 
 Vol.  IV. 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 Opipohrd    by 
 the  Level- 
 
 Wh-itl. 
 
 P-  387>  38f>- 
 
 fon.  The  Houfe  of  Lords  was  voted  ufelefs ;  and  the  office 
 of  a  King  unneceffary,  burdenfome,  and  dangerous.  The 
 form  of  Government  for  the  future  v/as  declared  to  be  a 
 free  Commonwealth ;  the  Executive  Power  to  be  lodged 
 in  the  hands  of  a  Council  of  State  of  forty  perfons,  with 
 full  powers  to  take  Care  of  the  whole  Adininiilration  for 
 one  year  ;  new  Keepers  of  the  Great  Seal  were  appoint- 
 ed, from  whom  the  Judges  received  their  CommiiTions, 
 with  the  name,  Mile,  and  Title  of  "  Cuftodes  Libertatis 
 *e  Angiise  Authoritate  Parliament!,"  i.  e.  "  Keepers  of 
 "  the  liberties  of  England  by  Authority  of  Parliament. " 
 The  Coin  was  (lamped  on  one  fide  with  the  Arms  of  En- 
 gland between  a  Laurel  and  a  Palm,  with  this  Infcription, 
 *'  The  Commonwealth  of  England;  "  and  on  the  other,  a 
 Crofs  and  Harp,  with  this  Motto,  "  God  with  us."  The 
 Oaths  of  Allegiance  and  Supremacy  were  abolilhed,  and 
 a  new  one  appointed,  called  the  "  Engagement,"  which 
 was,  u  To  be  true  and  faithful  to  the  Government  eftab- 
 **>  lifh'd  without  King  or  Houfe  of  Peers."  Such  as  re- 
 fus'd  the  Oath  were  declared  incapable  of  holding  any  place 
 or  office  of  trull  in  the  Commonwealth  (  but  as  many  of 
 the  excluded  Members  of  the  Houfe  or  Commons  as  would 
 take  it  refumed  their  places. 
 
 Such  was  the  foundation  of  this  new  Cortftitution,  which 
 had  neither  the  confent  of  the  people  of  England,  nor  their 
 Reprefentatives  in  a  free  Parliament.  "  And  if  ever  there 
 "  was  an  ufurped  Government,  mutilated,  and  founded 
 "  only  in  Violence  (fays  Rapin)  it  was  that  of  this  -Pariia- 
 **  ment."  But  though  it  was  unfupported  by  any  other 
 power  but  the  Army,  it  was  carried  on  bv  the  mofl  con- 
 summate wifdom,  courage,  and  fuccefs,  till  the  fame  pow- 
 er that  fet  it  up,  was  permitted  by  divine  providence  with 
 equal  violence  to  pull  it  down. 
 
 The  new  Commonwealth  met  with  opposition  from  di- 
 vers quarters  in  its  infant  ftate :  The  Levellers  in  the  Army 
 gave  .out,  that  the  people  had  only  changed  their  yoke,  not 
 ihaken  it  off;  and  that  the  Rump's  little  finger  (for  fo  the 
 Houfe  of  Commons  was  now  called)  would  be  heavier  than 
 the  King's  loins.  The  Agitators  therefore  petitioned  the 
 Houfe  to  diffolve  thcmfelves  ;  that  new  Reprefentatives 
 might  be  chofen.  The  Commons  alarmed  at  thefe  Pro- 
 ceeding?, ordered  their  General  Officers  to  cafhier  the  Pe- 
 titioners, and  break  their  Swords  over  their  Heads,  which 
 was  done  accordingly.  But  when  the  Forces  paffed  under 
 a  general  review  at  Ware,  their  friends'in  the  Army  agreed 
 
 to 
 
Chap.   I.        of   the  P  u  ft  i  t  a  n  s.  15 
 
 to  diftinguifh.   themfelves  by  wearing  fomething  white  in   Common- 
 their  hats  ;    which  Cromwel  having  fome  intelligence  of     ^^L" 
 beforehand,  commanded  two  Regiments  of  Horfe  who  were  ,_      -  ^ 
 not  in   the  fecret,    to  furround   one  of  the  Regiments  of 
 Foot ;  and  having  condemned  four  of  the  ringleaders  in  a 
 council  of  war,  he  commanded  two  of  them  to  be  fhot  to 
 death  by  their  other  two  aflbciates,  in  fight  of  the   whole 
 Army  ;  and  to  break  the  combination,  eleven   Regiments 
 were  ordered  for  Ireland  ;   upon  which  great   numbers  de- 
 ferted  and  marched  into  Oxfordfhire  ;  but  General  Fairfax 
 and  Cromwel  having  overtaken   them   at  Abingdon,    held 
 them  in  treaty  till  Colonel  Reynolds  came  up,   and   after 
 fome  fkirmifhes  difperfed  them. 
 
 The  Scots  threatned  the  Commonwealth  with  a  more  And  by  the 
 formidable  invafion,  for  upon  the  death  of  King  Charles  I.  cots* 
 they  proclaim'd  the  Prince  of  Wales  King  of  Scotland,  and 
 fent  Commifhoners  to  the  Hague,  to  invite  him  into  that 
 Kingdom,  "  provided  he  would  renounce  Popery  and  Pre- 
 "  lacy,  and  take  the  folemn  League  and  Covenant."  To 
 prevent  the  effects  of  this  treaty,  and  cultivate  a  good  un- 
 derstanding with  the  Dutch,  the  Parliament  fent  Dr.  Dorif- 
 laus,  an  eminent  Civilian,  concerned  in  the  late  King's  trial, 
 Agent  to  the  States  General ;  but  the  very  firfl  night  after  Whitl. 
 his  arrival,  May  3.  he  was  murdered  in  his  own  chamber  P-  38^* 
 by  twelve  defperate  Cavaliers  in  difguife,  who  rufh'd  in 
 upon  him  while  he  was  at  fupper,  and  with  their  drawn 
 fwords  killed  him  upon  the  fpot.  Both  the  Parliament  and 
 States  of  Holland  refented  this  bafe  action  fo  highly,  that 
 the  young  King  thought  proper  to  remove  into  France  ; 
 from  whence  he  went  into  the  Ifle  of  Jerfey,  and  towards 
 the  latter  end  of  the  year  fixed  at  Breda  ;  where  the  Scots 
 Commiflioners  concluded  a  treaty  with  him,  upon  which  he 
 ventured  his  Royal  Perfon  into  that  Kingdom  the  next 
 year. 
 
 But  to  ftrike  terror  into  the  Cavaliers,  the  Parliament 
 erected  another  High  Court  of  Juftice,  and  fentenced  to 
 death  three  illuftrious  Noblemen,  for  the  part  they  a&ed 
 in  the  laft  civil  war ;  Duke  Hamilton,  the  Earl  of  Holland, 
 and  Lord  Capel,  who  were  all  executed  March  9.  in  the 
 Palace  Yard  at  Weftminfter  :  Duke  Hamilton,  declared 
 himfelf  a  Prefbyterian  ;  and  the  Earl  of  Holland  was  at- 
 tended by  two  Ministers  of  the  fame  Perfuafion  ;  but  Lord 
 Capel  was  a  thorough  Loyalift,  and  went  off  the  ftage 
 with  the  courage  and  bravery  of  a  Roman. 
 
 But 
 
iuCZt.!.. 
 
 16  The  HI  STORY  Vol.  IV, 
 
 Common-        But  the   chief  fcene  of  great  anions  this  year  was  in 
 ^649.      Ireland,  which   Cromwel,  a  bold   and  enterprizing  Com- 
 ^^v^j  mander,  was  appointed  to  reduce  ;  for  this  purpofe  he  was 
 !..    G.        made  Lord  Lieutenant  for  three  years,   and  having  taken 
 Sh^eT1      leave  of  the  Parliarnent»  failed  from  Milford  Haven  about 
 hdznd.        tne  Middle  of  Auguft  with  an  Army  of  fourteen   thoufand 
 brave  Soldiers  of  refolute  principles,   who  before  the  im- 
 barkation  kept  a  day  of  failing  and  prayer ;  in  which  Mr. 
 Whitlock  obferves,   that  after  three  Minifters  had    prayed, 
 Lieutenant  General  Cromwel   himfelf,    and   the    Colonels 
 Gough  and  Harrifon  expounded  fome  parts  of   Scripture 
 excellently   well,    and   pertinently  to  the  occafion.      The 
 Army  was  under  a  fevere  difcipline  ;   not  an  oath  was  to 
 be  heard   throughout  the  whole  Camp,   but  the    Soldiers 
 fpent  their  leifure  hours  in  reading  their  Bibles,  in  finging 
 Pfalms,  and  religious  Conferences. 
 HJs  raf»rd  Almoft  all  Ireland  was  in  the  Hands  of  the  Royalifts  and 
 
 Roman  Catholicks,  except  Dublin  and  Londonderry  ;    the 
 former  of  thefe  places  had  been  lately  befieged  by  the  Duke 
 of  Ormond  with  twenty  thoufand  men,   but  the  Garrifon 
 being  recruited  with  three  Regiments  from  England,  the 
 Governor,  Colonel  Jones,  furprifed  the  befiegers,  and  after 
 a  vigorous  fally  ftormed  their  camp,   and  routed   the  whole 
 Army,  which  difperfed  itfelf  into  Drogheda,  and  other  for- 
 tified places.     Cromwel,  upon  his  arrival,  was  received  with 
 the  acclamations  of  a  vaft  concourfe  of  people,   to  whom 
 he  addreffed  himfelf   from    a   rifing  Ground,    with  hat   in 
 hand,   in  a  foldier-like  manner,    telling   them,    "  He  was 
 "  come  to  cut  down  and  deftroy  the  barbarous  and   blood- 
 "  thirfty  Irifh,  with  all  their  adherents ;   but   that  all  who 
 "  were  for  the  Proteftant  Religion,    and  the  Liberties   of 
 "  their  Country,  fhould  find  fuitable  encouragement  from 
 •'  the  Parliament  of  England  and  himfelf,  in  proportion  to 
 "  their  Merits."     Having  refrefhed  his  forces  he  marched 
 dire&ly  to  Drogheda,    which  was   garrifon'd  with  2500 
 Foot  and  300  Horfe,  and  was  therefore  thought  capable  of 
 holding  out  a  month  ;  but  the  General  neglecting  the  com- 
 mon forms  of  approach,  batter'd  the  walls  with  his  canons, 
 and  having  made  two  Breaches,  like  an  impatient  Conque- 
 ror, entered  the  Town  in  perfon  at  the  head  of   Colonel 
 Ewer's  Regiment  of  Foot,  and  put  all  the  garrifon  to  the 
 fword.     From  thence  he  marched  to  Wexford,  which  he 
 took  likewife  by  ftorm?  and  after  the  example  of  Drogheda, 
 put  the  garrifon  to  the  fword  ;  the  General  declaring,  that 
 "  He  would  facrifice  all  the  Irifh  Papifts  to  the  ghofts  of 
 
 "  the 
 
Chap.  I.  of  the  Puritans. 
 
 "  the  Englifh  Proteftants  whom  they  had  maffacred  in 
 "  cold  blood."  The  conqueft  of  thefe  places  {truck  fuch 
 a  terror  into  the  reft,  that  they  furrendered  upon  the  firfl: 
 fummons  ;  the  name  of  Cromwel  carrying  victory  on  its 
 wings  before  himfelf  appeared,  the  whole  Country  was  re- 
 duced by  the  middle  of  May,  except  Limerick,  Gal  way, 
 and  one  or  two  other  places,  which  Ireton  took  the  follow- 
 ing Summer.  Lord  Inchequin  deferted  the  remains  of  the 
 Royal  Army,  and  Ormond  fled  into  France.  Lieutenant 
 General  Cromwel  being  called  home  to  march  againft  the 
 Scots,  arrived  at  London  about  the  middle  of  May,  and  was 
 received  by  the  Parliament  and  City  in  a  martial  and  pomp- 
 ous manner,  as  a  hero  that  had  gained  more  laurels,  and 
 done  more  wonders  in  nine  months,  than  any  age  or  hiftory 
 could  parallel. 
 
 'Tis  a  remarkable  account  the  Lieutenant  General  gives 
 in  one  of  his  letters,  of  the  behaviour  of  the  Army  after  w(litl 
 their  arrival  in  Ireland  ;  "  Their  diligence,  courage  and  be-  p.  434. 
 "  haviour  is  fuch  (fays  he)  through  the  providence  of  God, 
 "  and  Ariel:  care  of  the  Chief  Officers,  that  never  men 
 "  did  obey  orders  more  chearfully,  nor  go  upon  duty  more 
 "  couragioufly.  Never  did  greater  harmony  and  refolution 
 "  appear  to  profecute  this  caufe  of  God,  than  in  this  Army. 
 "  Such  a  confent  of  heart  and  hands ;  fuch  a  fympathy 
 "  of  affections,  not  only  in  carnal  but  in  fpiritual  bonds, 
 "  which  ties  fatter  than  chains  of  adamant !  I  have  often 
 "  obferved  a  wonderful  confent  of  the  Officers  and  Soldiers 
 "  upon  the  Grounds  of  doing  Service  to  God,  and  how 
 "  miraculoufiy  they  have  fucceeded.  The  Mind  of  Man 
 "  being  fatisfied,  and  fixed  on  God,  and  that  his  under- 
 "  taking  is  for  God's  Glory,  it  gives  the  greateft  Courage 
 "  to  thofe  Men,  and  Profperity  to  their  Anions." 
 
 To  put  the  Affairs  of  Ireland  together;  the  Roman  Ca-  Summary 
 tholicks  charged   the  ill  Succefs  of  their  Affairs  upon  the  ^"sute 
 Duke  of   Ormond,    and   fent  him  Word,    "  That  they  of  Ireland. 
 "  were  determined  not  to  fubmit  any  longer  to  his  com- 
 "  mands,  it  not  being  fit  that  a  Catholick  Army  fnould  be 
 "  under  the  direction   of  a   Proteflant  General ;  but  that, 
 "  if   he  would  depart   the  Kingdom    they   would  under- 
 "  take  of  themfelves   to    drive   Ireton    out    of   Dublin." 
 After  this  they  offered  the  Kingdom  to  the  Duke  of  Lor- 
 rain,    a  bigotted   Fapift,    who  was  wife  enough   to  refufe 
 it ;  and   then   quarreliing  among    themfelves,   they   were 
 foon  driven  out  of  all  the  ftrong   holds  of  the  Kingdom, 
 and  forced  to  fubmit  to  the  Mercy  of   the    Conquerer. 
 Vol.  IV.  B  All 
 
iS 
 
 The   HISTORY 
 
 Vol.  IV. 
 
 Common 
 wealth, 
 1649. 
 
 Life  of 
 Cromw.  p. 
 
 155- 
 
 Gar.  p.  153 
 
 All  that  had  born  Arms  in  the  late  Infurre&ion  were  (hipped 
 away  into  France,  Spain,  or  Flanders,  never  to   return  on 
 pain   of  Death.     Thofe   who   had    a  hand  in  murdering 
 Carrington'6  the  Proteftants  at  the  time  of  the  Maffacre,  were  brought 
 from  feveral  parts  of  the  Country,  and  after  a  fair  convic- 
 tion upon  Trial  were  executed.     The  reft  of  the  Natives, 
 who  were  called   Tories,  were  fhut  up  in    the  raoft  inland 
 Counties,  and   their    Lands  given  partly  in  payment  to  the 
 Soldiers  who  fettled  there,  and  the  reft  to  the  firft  Adventu- 
 rers.    Lord  Clarendon  relates  it  thus,  "  Near  one  hundred 
 "  thoufand   of  them   were  tranfported  into  foreign  parts, 
 "  for  the  Service  of  the  Kings  of  France  and  Spain  ;  dou- 
 "  ble  that  number  were  confumed  by  the  Plague,  Famine, 
 "  and   other  Severities  exercifed  upon  them  in   their  own 
 "  Country  ;     the  remainder  were  by   Cromwel  tranfplan- 
 '*  ted   into  the  mod  inland,  barren,  defolate,  and  moun- 
 "  tainous  part  of  the  Province  of  Connaught,  and  it  was 
 '*  lawful  for  any  Man   to  kill  any  of  the  Iriih  that  were 
 11  found  out  of  the   bounds   appointed   them  within   that 
 "  Circuit.     Such   a   proportion   of  Land   was  allotted   to 
 **.  every  Man,    as   the   Protector   thought  competent  for 
 "  them  ;  upon    which   they  were  to  give  formal    Releafes 
 "  of  all  their  Titles  to  their  Lands  in  any  other  Provinces ; 
 **  if  they  refufed  to  give  fuch  Releafes,  they  were  ftill  de- 
 "  prived,  and   left  to  ftarve   within    the  limits  prefcribed 
 '*  them  ;  out  of  which  they  durft  not  withdraw  ;  fo  that 
 '*  very  few  refufed  to  iign   thofe  Releafes,  or  orther  Acts 
 "  which   were    demanded.     It   was   a   confiderable    time 
 "  before  thefe  Iriih  could  raife  any  thing  out  of  their  Lands 
 "  to  fupport  their  Lives ;  but  neceflity  was  the  Spring  of 
 "  Induftry."     Thus  they  lived  under   all  the  brands  of  a 
 conquered  Nation  till   the  Reftoration  of  King  Charles  II. 
 A  juft  Judgment  of  God  for  their  barbarous  and  unheard  of 
 cruelties  to  the  Irifli  Proteftants  ! 
 
 To  return  to  England  :  The  Body  of  the  Prefbyterians 
 acted  in  concert  with  the  Scots,  for  reftoring  the  King  up- 
 on the  Foot  of  the  Covenant  ;  feveral  of  their  Minifters 
 carried  on  a  private  Correfpondence  with  the  Chiefs  of  that 
 Nation,  and  inftead  of  taking  the  Engagement  to  the  pre-' 
 fent  Powers,  called  them  Ufurpers,  and  declined  praying 
 for  them  in  their  Churches  ;  they  alio  declared  againft  a 
 general  Toleration,  which  the  Army  and  Parliament  con- 
 tended for. 
 
 When 
 
 Conduct  of 
 the  Presby- 
 terians to- 
 wards the 
 new  Go- 
 vernment. 
 
Chap.  I.  of  the  Puritans.  19 
 
 When  Lieutenant  General  Cromwel  was  embarking  for  Common- 
 Ireland,  he  fent  Letters  to  the  Parliament,  recommending    we^' 
 the  Removal    of  all   the  penal  Laws  relating  to  Religion  ;  ^_  —-'__, 
 upon  which  the  Houfe  ordered  a  Committee  to  make  report  L.  G. 
 concerning  a  method  for   the   eafe  of  tender  confciences,  Cr°mwel 
 and  an  A6f.  to  be  brought  in  to   appoint  Commiffioners  in  Army  pet  i- 
 every  County  for  the  approbation  of  able  and  well  qualified  tionfora 
 perfons  to  be  made  Minifters,  who  cannot  comply  with  the  P^?1'00' 
 prefent  Ordinance  for  Ordination  of  Minifters.  ,0r 
 
 Aug.  16.  General  Fairfax,  and  his  Council  of  Officers, 
 prefented  a  Petition  to  the  fame  purpofe,  praying,  "  That  n,,  p.40<«. 
 *'  all  penal  Statutes  formerly  made,  and  Ordinances  lately 
 *'  made,  whereby  many  confcientious  people  were  moleft- 
 "  ed,  and  the  propagation  of  the  Gofpel  hindered,  might 
 "  be  removed.  Not  that  they  defired  this  Liberty  fhould 
 **  entend  to  the  fetting  up  Popery,  or  the  late  Hierarchy  ; 
 "  or  to  the  countenancing  any  fort  of  Immorality  or  Pro- 
 *'  phanenefs  ;  for  they  earneltly  defired,  that  Drunkennefs, 
 "  Swearing,  Uncleannefs,  and  all  Acts  of  Prophanenefs, 
 "  might  he  vigoroufly  profecuted  in  all  perfons  whatfo- 
 '*  ever."  The  Houfe  promifed  to  take  the  Petition  into 
 fpeedy  confederation,  and  after  fome  time  pafled  it  into  a 
 Law. 
 
 But  to    bring  the    Prefbyterian  Clergy    to    the  Teft,  The  En- 
 the  Engagement,  which   had  been  appointed  to  be  taken  Sagemer>t 
 by    all    Civil     and   Military     Officers    within    a   limited 
 Time,  on  pain  of  forfeiting  their  places,  was  now  required 
 to  be  fworn  and   fubfcribed  by  all  Minifters,   heads  or  Col- 
 leges and  Halls,  Fellows   of    Houfes,  Graduates,  and    all 
 Officers  in  the  Univerfities ;  and  by  the  Matters,   Fellows,  Walker. 
 Schoo'l-Mafters,  and   Scholars  of   Eaton   College,  Weft-  P-  *4*« 
 minfter,  and    Winchefter  Schools ;  no  Minifter  was  to  be 
 admitted  to  any   ecclefiaftical  Living ;  no   Clergyman  to 
 fit  as  Member  of  the  AfTembly  of  Divines,  nor  be  capable 
 of  enjoying  any  preferment  in   the  Church,  unlefs  he  qua- 
 lified himfelf  by  taking  the  Engagement  within  fix  Months, 
 publickly  in  the  Face  of  the  Congregation. 
 
 Nov.  9.  It  was  referr'd  to   a  Committee,  to  confider  To  be  ta- 
 how  the  Engagement  might  be  fubfcribed  by  all  the  people  ke"  j^i!1' 
 of  the  Nation  of  eighteen  years  of  age  and  upwards.     Pur-  t\on% 
 fuant  to  which  a  Bill  was    brought  in,    and  paft,  Jan.  2. 
 to  debar  all  who  mould  refufe  to  take  and  fubfcribe  it,  from 
 the  benefit  of  the  Law ;  and  to  difable  them  from  fuing  ia 
 any  Court  of  Law  or  Equity. 
 
 B  2  This 
 
so  The    H  I  S  T  O  R  Y         Vol.  IV. 
 
 C°w™kh"         ThlS  Was  a  revere  Teft  on  the  Prefbyterians,   occafioned 
 1649.'     ty  the  approaching  War  with  the  Scots;  but  their  Clergy  in- 
 < — -v— . u  veigh'd  bitterly  againft  it  in   their  Sermons,  and  refufed  to 
 Pretbyteri-   oblerve  the  Days  of  Humiliation  appointed  by  Authority  for 
 B?x['r"  Lite',  a  BIeffing  uP°n  tneir  Arms.     Mr.  Baxter  fays,  that  he  writ 
 p.  64,  66.     feveral  Letters  to  the  Soldiers,  to  convince  them  of  the  Un- 
 lawfulnefs  of  the  prefent  Expedition  ;  and  in  his  Sermons  de- 
 clared it  a  Sin  to  force  Minifters  to  pray  for  the    Succefs  of 
 thofe  who  had  violated  the  Covenant,  and  were  going  to  de- 
 ftroy  their   Brethren.      That   he  both  fpoke  and  preached 
 againfl:  the  Engagement,  and  difiuaded  Men  from  l along   it. 
 At  Exeter,  fays  Mr.  Whitlock,    the  Minifters  went  out  of 
 Town  on  the  Faft-Day,  and   fhut  up  the  Church   Doors  ; 
 2nd  all  the  Magftrates  refufed  the  Engagement.    At  Taunton 
 the  Fall  was  not  kept  by  the  Prefbyteriati  Minifters  :    and  at 
 Chefter  they  condemned  the  Engagement  to  the  Pit  of  Hell ; 
 as  did  many  of  the  London  Minifters,    who   kept   Days   of 
 private  Falling  and  Prayer,  againft   the  prefent  Government. 
 Some  of  them  (fays  Whitlock;  joined  the  Royalifts,  and  re- 
 fufed  to  read  the  Ordinances  of  Parliament  in  their  Pulpits, 
 as  was  ufual  in  thofe  Times ;    nay,   when  the   Scots   were 
 beat  they  refufed  to  obferve  the  Day  of  Thankfgiving,  but 
 fhut  up  their  Churches  and  went  out  of  Town  ;     for  which 
 they  were  fummoned  before  the  Committee  and  reprimanded, 
 but  the  Times  being  dangerous  no  further  Notice  was  taken 
 of  them  at  prefent. 
 Cavaliers  Moft  of  the  Sectarian  Party  (fays  Mr.  Baxter)  fwallowed 
 
 and  Se&ari-  the  Engagement ;    and  fo  did  the  King's  old  Cavaliers,  very 
 ans  take  the  £      Qf  t^em  bejnrr  f]ck  0f  the  Difeafe  of  a  fcrupulous  Con- 
 Oath.    Lite,  &    .  .  r 
 p.  64,65.     fcience :     Some   writ  for   it,    but   the  moderate    Lpilcopal 
 
 Men,  and  Prefbyterians,    generally   refufed  it.      Thofe   of 
 
 Lancashire  and  Chefhire  puhlifhed  the  following  Reafons 
 
 againfl  it. 
 
 Reafons  ( ( )  "  Becaufe  they  apprehended  the  Oath  of  Allegiance, 
 
 agamii  it,     <L  ancj  the  folemn  League  and  Covenant,   were  flill  binding. 
 
 (2)  "  Becaufe  the  prefent  Powers  were  no  better  than 
 "  Ufurpers. 
 
 (3)  (i  Becaufe  the  taking  of  it  was  a  Prejudice  to  the  right 
 '.«  Heir  of  the  Crown,  and  to  the  ancient  legal  Conftitution." 
 
 To  which  it  \vas  anfwered,  "  That  it  was  abfurd  to 
 «'  fuppofe  the  Oath  of  Allegiance,  or  the  folemn  League 
 "  and  Covenant  to  be  in  force  after  the  King's  Death ;  for 
 'i  how  could  they  be  obliged  to  preferve  the  King's  Perfon, 
 "  when  the  King's  Perfon  was  deftroy'd  and  the  kingly  Of- 
 '•  rice  aboliflied  ;  and  as  to  his  SuccefTor,  his  Right  had  been 
 
 for- 
 
Chap.  I.         of  the  P  u  r  i  t  A  n  $•  21 
 
 feited  and  taken  away  by  Parliament  ?"    With   regard   to  Ccmmon- 
 
 vealth. 
 i6ao. 
 
 the  prefent  Powers  it  was  faid,   "  That  it  was  not  for  pri- 
 
 vate Perfons  to  diTpute  the  Rights  and  Titles  of  their  fu- 
 "  preme  Governors.  Here  was  a  Government  de  facto, 
 "  under  which  they  lived  ;  as  long  therefore  as  they  enjoyed 
 "  the  Protection  of  the  Government,  it  was  their  Duty  to 
 "  give  all  reafonable  Security  that  they  would  not  difturb  it, 
 "  or  elfe  to  remove."  The  Body  of  the  common  People  be- 
 ing weary  of  War,  and  willing  to  live  quiet  under  any  Admi- 
 nistration, fubmitted  to  the  Engagement,  as  being  little  more 
 than  a  Promife  not  to  attempt  the  Subverfion  of  the  prefent 
 Government ;  but  many  of  the  Prclbyterian  Clergy  chofe  rather  Whit!. 
 to  quit  their  Preferments  in  the  Church  and  Univerfity,  p*  ™** 
 than  comply  ;  which  made  way  for  the  promotion  of  Seve- 
 ral Independant  Divines,  and  among  others,  of  Dr.  Tho. 
 Goodwin,  one  of  the  Diffenting  Brethren  in  the  Affembly, 
 who  by  order  of  Parliament,  Jan.  8,  1749-50,  was  appoin- 
 ted Prefident  of  Magdalen  College,  Oxford,  with  the  pri- 
 vilege of  nominating  Fellows  and  Demies  in  fuch  places  as 
 mould  become  vacant  by  death,  or  by  the  poffeffors  refufing 
 to  take  the  Engagement. 
 
 The  Parliament   tried   feveral  methods  to  reconcile  the  Meafurw  of 
 Prefbyterians  to  the  prefent  Administration;  perfons  were  ^ntart<Ja" 
 appointed  to  treat  with  them,  and  affure  them  of  the  pro-  fupport  their 
 tection  of  the  Government,   and  of  the   full  enjoyment  of  Authority, 
 their  EcclefiaStical  Preferments   according  to  Law ;  when 
 this  would   not  do,  an  order  was  published,  that  Minifters 
 in  their  Pulpits  mould  not  meddle  with  Slate  Affairs.    After     , 
 this  the  famous  Mr.  Milton  was  appointed  to  write  for  the 
 Government,    who  rallied  the  feditious  Preachers  with  his 
 Satyrical   pen  in  a  fevere  Manner  ;  at  length,  when  all  other 
 methods  failed,  a  Committee  was  chofen  to  receive  Infor- 
 mations  againft  fuch  Minifters  as  in   their  Pulpits  vilified  Whit), 
 and  afperfed  the  Authority  of  Parliament,  and  an  A6t  wasP^8?* 
 paffed,  that  all  fuch  Should  be  fequeiler'd  from  their  Ecclefi- 
 aitical Preferments. 
 
 The  Prefbyterians  Supported  themfelves  under  thefe  hard- 
 ihips  by  their  Alliance  with  the  Scots,   and    their  profpe£fc 
 of  a  fpeedy  alteration  of  Affairs  from  that  Quarter ;  for  in 
 the  Remonftrance  of  the  General  Affembly  of  that  Kirk, 
 dated  July  27,  they  declare,  that  "  The  Spirit  which  has  Scots  Deda- 
 "  acled  in  the   Councils  of  thofe   who  have  obftru&ed  the  rat'°n. 
 "  Work   of  God,  defpifed   the  Covenant,  corrupted   the  gjjj,?1" 
 "  Truth,    forced  the    Parliament,    murdered    the   King,  v.p.  N0.34. 
 tc  changed  the  Government,   and  eftablifhed  fuch  an  un-P-6, 
 B   3  '*  limited 
 
12 
 
 The    HISTORY         Vol.  IV. 
 
 Common- 
 wealth. 
 1649. 
 
 Parliament 
 vindicate 
 their  Pro. 
 ceedings. 
 V.P.N0.34, 
 
 Scots  Treaty 
 with  the 
 King  in 
 Holland. 
 
 li  limitted  Toleration  in  Religion,  cannot  be  the  Spirit  of 
 "  Righteoufnefs  and  Holinefs.  They  therefore  warn  the 
 "  Subjects  of  Scotland  againft  joining  with  them,  and  in 
 te  cafe  of  an  Invafion  to  ftand  up  in  their  own  Defence. 
 «'  The  Englifti  have  no  Controverfy  with  us  (fay  they)  but 
 '*  becaufe  the  Kirk  and  State  have  declared  againft  their 
 *'  unlawful  Engagement ;  becaufe  we  ftill  adhere  to  our 
 te  Covenant,  and  have  born  our  Teftimony  againft  their 
 «'  Toleration,  and  taking  away  the  King's  Life."  But 
 then  they  warn  their  People  alio  againft  Malignants,  "  who 
 "  value  themfelves  upon  their  Attachment  to  the  young 
 "  King,  and  if  any  from  that  Quarter  fhould  invade  the 
 "  Kingdom,  before  his  Majefly  has  given  Satisfaction  to 
 "  the  Parliament  and  Kirk,  they  exhort  their  People  to 
 "  refill:  them,  as  Abettors  of  an  abfolute  and  arbitrary  Go- 
 "  vernment." 
 
 About  two  Months  after  this,  the  Parliament  of  England 
 published  a  Declaration  on  their  part,  wherein  they  com- 
 plain of  the  Revolt  of  the  Englifh  and  Scots  Prefbyteri- 
 ans,  and  of  their  taking  Part  wilh  the  Enemy,  becaufe 
 their  Difcipline  was  not  the  exact  Standard  of  Reforma- 
 tion. "  But  we  are  ftill  determined  (fay  they)  not  to  be 
 "  difcouraged  in  our  Endeavours  to  promote  the  Purity  of 
 "  Religion,  and  the  Liberty  of  the  Commonwealth  ;  and 
 "  for  the  Satisfaction  of  our  Prefbyterian  Brethren,  we 
 "  declare,  That  we  will  continue  all  thofe  Ordinances 
 "  which  have  been  made  for  the  promoting  a  Reforma- 
 "  tion  of  Religion,  in  Doctrine,  Worfhip,  and  Difcipline, 
 "  in  their  fuil  force ;  and  will  uphold  the  fame,  in  order 
 "  to  fupprefs  Popery,  Superltition,  Blafphemy,  and  all 
 "  kinds  of  Prophanenefs.  Only  we  conceive  ourfelves 
 "  obliged  to  take  away  all  fuch  Acts  and  Ordinances  as 
 "  are  penal  and  coercive  in  Matters  of  Confcience.  And 
 41  becaufe  this  has  given  fo  great  offence,  we  declare,  as  in 
 "  the  Prcfence  of  God,  that  by  whomfoever  this  Liberty 
 "  ihall  be  ahufed,  we  will  be  ready  to  teftify  our  Difplea- 
 "  fure  againft  them,  by  an  effectual  Profecution  of  fuch 
 "  Offenders." 
 
 TJie  Scots  Commiftioners  were  all  this  while  treating  with 
 the  King  in  Holland,  and  infifting  on  his  fubferibing  the 
 folemn  League  and  Covenant ;  his  eftablifhing  the  Weft- 
 minfter  ConreiTion,  the  Directory,  and  the  Prefbyterian 
 Government  in  both  Kingdoms.  The  King  being  under 
 difcouraging  Circumftances  confented  to  all  their  Demands 
 with  regard  to  Scotland,  and  as  to  England  referr'd  himfelf 
 
 "  to 
 
Chap.  I.  of  the  P  u  R  i  t  a  n  s.  23 
 
 to  a  free  Parliament :  But   the  Scots  not  iatisfied  with  his  Common- 
 
 Majefty's  Exceptions  as  to  England,  replied,  that  "  Such    *ej|,tn" 
 
 "  an  Anfwer  as  this  would  grieve  the  whole  Kirk  of  Scot-  ■  __,-^—  _f 
 
 "  iand,  and  all  their  covenanting  Brethren  in  England  and  They  will 
 
 "  Ireland,  who   under   pain   of     he  moft  folemn  perjury  include  the 
 
 e'  ftand  bound  to  God  and  one  another,  to  live  and  die  by  fbyfedans^" 
 
 "  their  Covenant,  as  the  chief  fecurity  of  their   Religion 
 
 "  and   Liberties,  againft  Popifh  and  Prelatical  Malignants. 
 
 **  Your  Majefty's  Father  (fay  they)  in  his  laft  MefTage  to 
 
 *'  our  Kirk  offered  to  ratify  the  folemn   League  and  Cove- 
 
 M  nant.     He  offered  likewife  at  the  Ille  of  Wight  to  con- 
 
 "  firm  the  Directory,  and  the  Prefbyterial  Government  in 
 
 "  England  and  Ireland,    till   he  and  his  Parliament  mould 
 
 "  agree  upon  a  fettled  Order  of  the  Church.     Befides  your 
 
 "  Majefty   having   offered    to   confirm    the   Abolifhing  of 
 
 Ci  Epifcopacy,  and  the  Service  Book  in  Scotland,  it  cannot 
 
 "  certainly   be  againft   your  Confcience  to  do  it  in  Eng- 
 
 "  land.'*     But  the  King  would  advance  no  farther  till  he 
 
 had  heard   from   the  Queen  Mother,  who  fent  him  word, 
 
 thai  it  was  the  opinion  of  the  Council  of  France,  that  he 
 
 mould  agree  with  the  Scots  upon  the  beft  Terms  he  could 
 
 get ;  which    he  did  accordingly,   as  will   be   related   the 
 
 next  year. 
 
 The  fifth  Provincial  Aflembly  of  London  met  the  be- 
 ginning of  May  at  Sion  College,  the  Reverend  Mr.  Jackfon, 
 of  St.  Michael,  Woodftreet,  Moderator.  A  Committee 
 was  appointed  to  prepare  Materials  for  proof  of  the  Divine 
 Right  of  Prefbyterial  Church  Government.  The  proofs 
 were  examined  and  approved  by  this,  and  the  Aflembly 
 that  met  in  November  following,  of  which  Mr.  Walker 
 was  Moderator,  Mr.  Calamy  and  Jackfon  Afleflbrs,  and 
 Mr.  Blackwell  Scribe.  Trie  Treatife  was  printed  and 
 aflerts, 
 
 (1.)  That  there  is  a  Church  Government  of  Divine  In- 
 fti  tution. 
 
 (2.)  That  the  Civil  Magiftrate  is  not  the  Origin  or  Head 
 of  Church  Goverment.         And, 
 
 (3.)  That  the  Government  of  the  Church  by  Synods  and 
 ClafTes  is-  the  Government  that  Chrift  appointed.  It  main- 
 tains Separation  from  their  Churches  to  be  Schifm;  that 
 Miniflers  formerly  ordained  by  Bifhops  need  not  be  re-or- 
 dained :  And  for  private  Chriftians  in  particular  Churches 
 to  affume  a  Right  of  fending  perfons  forth  to  preach,  and 
 to  adminifter  the  Sacraments,  is,  in  their  Opinion  infuf- 
 ferable. 
 
 B  4  The 
 
24 
 
 Common- 
 wealth. 
 1649. 
 
 Augmenta- 
 tion of  poor 
 Livings  by- 
 Tithes  and 
 Firft  Fruits, 
 &c. 
 Scobel, 
 p.  41,  113. 
 
 p.  14. 
 
 Prefb.  Gov. 
 eftablifhed. 
 
 Propagati- 
 on of  the 
 Gofpel  in 
 Wales. 
 
 The  HISTORY         Vol.  IV. 
 
 The  Parliament  did  all  they  could  to   fatisfy  the  male 
 content  Prefbyterians,  by  fecuring   them  in  their  Livings? 
 and  by  ordering  the  Dean  and  Chapter  Lands  to  be  fold, 
 and  their  names  to  be  extincl,  except  the  Deanery  of  Chrift 
 Church,  and  the  Foundations  of  Weftminfler,  Winchefter, 
 and  Eaton  Schools.     The  Bifhops  Lands,  which  had  been 
 fequefter'd  fince   the  year  1646,  were  now  by  an  Ordi- 
 nance of  June  8,  1649,  veiled  in  the  hands  of  new  Truf- 
 tees,  and  appropriated  to  the  Augmentation  of  poor  Liv- 
 ings in  the  Church.     The  firft:  Fruits  and  Tenths  of  all  Ec- 
 clefiaftical   Livings,   formerly  payable  to  the  Crown,  were 
 veiled  in  the  fame  Hands,  free  from  all  Incumbrances,  on 
 Truft,  that  they  mould   pay  yearly,  all  fuch  Salaries,  Sti- 
 pends, Allowances  and  Provifions,  as  have  been  fettled  and 
 confirmed  by  Parliament,  for  preaching  Minifters,  School- 
 Mafters,  or    Profefiors    in   the   Univerfities  ;  provided  the 
 Aflignment  to  any  one  do  not  exceed  one  hundred  pounds. 
 'Tis  further  provided,  that  the  maintenance  of  all  Incum- 
 bents mail  not  be  lefs  than  one  hundred  pounds  per  Annum, 
 and  the  Commiflioners  of  the  Great  Seal  are  empowered 
 to  enquire  into  the  yearly  value  of  all  Ecclefiaftical  Livings, 
 to  which  any  Cure  of  Souls  is  annexed  ;  and  to  certify  into 
 the   Court  of  Chancery  the  names  of  the  prefent  Incum- 
 bents who  fupply  the  Cure,  with  their  refpe£tive  Salaries ; 
 how  many  Chapels  belong   to  Parifh  Churches,  and  how 
 the    feveral   Churches    and   Chappels    are    fupplied   with 
 preaching  Minifters ;  that  fo  fome  courfe  may  be   taken 
 for  providing  for  a  better  maintenance  where  it  is  wanting. 
 Dr.  Walker  fays,  the  Value  of  Bifhops    Lands  forfeited 
 and  fold  amounted  to  a  Million  of  Money  ;  but  tho'  they 
 fold  very  cheap,  they  that  bought  them  had  a  very  dear 
 Bargain  in  the  End. 
 
 Upon  Debate  of  an  Ordinance  concerning  publick  Wor- 
 fhip,  and  Church  Government,  the  Houfe  declared,  that 
 the  Prefbyterial  Government  mould  be  the  eftablifhed  Go- 
 vernment. And  upon  the  Queftion,  Whether  Tithes 
 mould  be  continued,  it  was  refolved,  That  they  fhould  not 
 be  taken  away  till  another  maintenance  equally  large  and 
 honourable  fhould  be  fubftituted  in  the  room  of  it. 
 
 The  Inhabitants  of  the  Principality  of  Wales  were  defti- 
 tute  of  the  Means  of  Chriftian  Knowledge,  their  Language, 
 was  little  underftood,  their  Clergy  were  ignorant  and  idle  ; 
 fo  that  they  had  hardly  a  Sermon  from  one  quarter  of  a 
 year  to  another.     The  People  had  neirfier  Bibles  nor  Ca- 
 
 techifms  j 
 
Chap.  I.        of  the  Puritans.  25 
 
 techifms ;  nor  was  there  a  fufficient  Maintenance  for  fuch  Common- 
 as  were  capable  of  inftru&ing    them.      The    Parliament    w,^49.* 
 taking  the  Cafe  of  thefe  People  into  Confederation,  pals'd  ^_,—  I — t 
 an  Ad,  Feb.  22,  1649.  "   For  the  better  Propagation  and 
 "  Preaching  of  the    Gofpel  in   Wales,    for  the  ejecting 
 "  fcandalous  Minifters  and  School-Matters,  and  Redrefs  of 
 "  fome  Grievances ;"  to  continue  in  force  for  three  years. 
 What  was  done  in  purfuance  of  this  Ordinance  will  be 
 related  hereafter  ;    but  the  Parliament  were  fo  intent  upon 
 the  Affair  of   Religion  at  this  time,  that   Mr.  Whitlock 
 fays,  they  devoted  Friday  in  every  Week  to  confult  Ways 
 and  Means  for  promoting  it. 
 
 Nor  did  they  confine  themlelves  to  England,  but  as  foon  An<i » 
 as  Lieutenant  General  Cromwel  had  reduced  Ireland,  the  Ireand* 
 Parliament  paft  an  Ordinance,  March  8.  1649.  for  the  En- 
 couragement of  Religion  and  Learning  in  that  Country ; 
 "  They  invefted  all  the  Manors  and  Lands  late  of  the  Arch- 
 "  bifliop  of  Dublin,  and  of  the  Dean  and  Chapter  of  St. 
 **  Patrick,  together  with  the  Perfbnage  of  Trym  belonging 
 "  to  the  Bifhoprick  of  Meath,  in  the  Hands  of  Truftees, 
 "  for  the  Maintenance  and  Support  of  Trinity  College  in 
 "  Dublin  ;  and  for  the  creating,  fettling,  and  maintaining 
 "  another  College  in  faid  City,  and  of  a  Matter,  Fellows, 
 "  Scholars,  and  publick  Profeflors :  And  alfo,  for  erecting 
 "  a  Free  School,  with  a  Matter,  Ufher,  Scholars,  and  Of- 
 "  fleers,  in  fuch  Manner,  as  any  Five  of  the  Truftees, 
 "  with  the  Confent  of  the  Lord  Lieutenant,  mall  direct 
 "  and  appoint.  The  Lord  Lieutenant  to  nominate  the  Go- 
 *'  vernor,  Matters,  &c.  and  to  appoint  them  their  Salaries ; 
 "  and  the  Truftees,  with  the  Confent  of  the  Lord  Licute- 
 "  nant,  fhall  draw  up  Statutes  and  Ordinances,  to  be  con- 
 "  firmed  by  the  Parliament  of  England." 
 
 The  Univcrfity  of  Dublin  being  thus  revived,  and  put 
 upon  a  new  Foot,  the  Parliament  fent  over  fix  of  their  moft 
 acceptable  Preachers  to  give  it  Reputation,  appointing  them 
 two  Hundred  Pounds  per  Annum,  out  of  the  Bifhopi 
 Lands  ;  and  till  that  could  be  duly  raifed,  to  be  paid  out  of 
 the  publick  Revenues :  And  for  their  further  Encouragement, 
 if  they  died  in  that  Service,  their  Families  were  to  be  pro- 
 vided for.  By  thefe  Methods  Learning  began  to  revive,  and 
 in  a  few  Years  Religion  appeared  with  a  better  Face  than  it 
 had  ever  done  in  that  Kingdom  before. 
 
 A  ProfpecTt  being  opened  for  fpreading  the  Chrittian  Re-  tion'for'pro. 
 iigion    among   the    Indians,    upon  the   Borders  of   New-  pagation  of 
 T.n?lanJ,  the  Parliament  gave  way  to  a  general  Collecti-  the GolPel 
 
 0  9  Jo  among  the 
 
 On  Indians. 
 
*6  TheHISTORY        Vol.  IV. 
 
 on  throughout  England,  and  erected  a  Corporation  for  this 
 Service,  who  purchafed  an  Eftate  in  Land  of  between  five 
 and  fix  hundred  pounds  per  Annum ;  but  on  the  Reftora- 
 tion  of  King  Charles  II.  the  Charter  became  void,  and 
 Colonel  Beding field,  a  Roman  Catholick  Officer  in  the 
 King's  Army,  of  whom  a  confiderable  Part  of  the  Land, 
 was  purchafed,  ieiz-ed  it  for  his  own  Ufe,  pretending  he 
 had  fold  it  under  the  Value,  in  hopes  of  recovering  it  upon 
 the  King's  Return.  In  order  to  defeat  the  Colonel's  Defign, 
 the  Society  lulicited  the  King  for  a  new  Charter,  which  they 
 obtained  by  the  Interefr.  of  the  Lord  Chancellor.  It  bears  date 
 Feb.  7.  in  the  14th  Year  of  his  Majeffy's  Reign,  and  differs  but 
 little  from  the  old  One.  The  Honourable  Robert  Boyle, 
 Efqj  was  the  firtl  Governor.  They  afterwards  recovered 
 Colonel  Bedingfield's  Eftate,  and  are  at  this  Time  in  Poffef- 
 fion  of  about  five  Hundred  Pounds  per  Annum,  which  they 
 employ  for  the  Converfion  of  the  Indians  in  America. 
 
 But  all  that  the  Parliament  could  do  was  not  fufficient  to 
 ftop  the  Moutha  of  the  Loyalifts  and  difcontented  Prefbyte- 
 rians ;  the  Pulpit  and  Prcfs  founded  to  Sedition ;  the  latter 
 produced  Invectives  every  Week  againfl  the  Government ; 
 it  was  therefore  refoived  to  lay  a  levere  Fine  upon  Offenders 
 of  this  kind,  by  an  Ordinance  bearing  Date  Sept.  20.  1649. 
 the  Preamble  to  which  lets  forth,  that  "  Whereas  divers 
 <c  fcandalous  and  feditious  Pamphlets  are  daily  printed,  and 
 ,"  difperied  with  officious  Induftry  by  the  malignant  Party 
 "  both  at  Home  and  Abroad,  with  a  Defign  to  fubvert  the 
 "  prefent  Government,  and  to  take  off  the  AffecYions  of 
 "  the  People  from  it,  it  is  therefore  ordained, 
 
 Ordinance     u   «-ipH4.T  the  Author  of  every  feditious  Libel  or  Pamph- 
 
 TC  Libet.  <e    1     let  (hall  be  fined  Ten  Pounds,   or  fuffer  forty  Days 
 
 Scohcf,         «  Imprifonment.     The  Printer  Five  Pounds,  and  his  Print- 
 
 p.  s>8.  «  jng  Prefs  to  be  broken.     The  Bookfeller  Forty  Shillings; 
 
 Chap.  60.      (i  ^e  Buyer  Twenty  Shillings,  if  he  conceals  it,  and  does 
 
 **  not  deliver  it  up  to  a  Juftice  of  Peace.     It  is  further  or- 
 
 «  dained,  That  no   News  Paper  fhall  be  printed,  or  fold 
 
 "  without  Licence,  under  the  Hand  of  the  Clerk  of  the 
 
 "  Parliament,    or  the  Secretary  of  the  Army,  or  fuch  other 
 
 w  Perfon  as  the  Council  of  State  (hall  appoint.     No  Printing 
 
 «•<  Preffes  are  to  be  allowed  but  in  London,  and  in  the  two 
 
 "  Univerfmes.     All  Printers  are  to  enter  into  Bonds  of  three 
 
 ««  Hundred  Pounds,  not  to  print   any  Pamphlet  againft  the 
 
 Ci  State  without  Licence,  as  aforefaid,  unlefs   the  Author's 
 
 *.'  or  Licenfer's  Name,  with  the  Place  of  his  Abode  be  pre- 
 
 "  fixed 
 
Chap.  I.        of  the  Puritans.  27 
 
 "  fixed.     All  Importers  of  feditious  Pamphlets  are  to  forfeit  Common- 
 "  Five  Pounds  for  every  fuch  Book  or  Pamphlet.    No  Books    ™" l 
 "  are  to  be  landed  in  any  other  Port    but  that  of   London,  ._ ,_ 
 T*  and  to  be  viewed  by  the   Matter   and   Wardens  of    the 
 "  Company  of  Stationers.     This  Act  to  continue  in  Force 
 "  for  two  Years." 
 
 But  the  Pulpit  was  no  lefs  dangerous  than   the  Prefs ;   the  Minjftera 
 Preibvtcrian  Minifters  in  their  publick  Prayers  and  Sermons,  ™^ddiet°n 
 efpecially  on  Faft  Days,  kept  alive   the   Diicontents  of  the  Politicks. 
 People.       The  Government  therefore,    by   an    Ordinance, 
 abolifhed  the  Monthly  Fair,  which  had  fubfifted   for  about 
 feven  Years,  and   had  been  in  a  great    Meafure   a  Faft  for  Whitl. 
 Strife  and  Debate ;  but  declared  at  the  fame  Time,  that  they  p'  3  3* 
 mould  appoint  occafional  Fafts,  from  Time  to  Time,  for  the 
 Future,  as  the  Providences  of  God  mould  require. 
 
 In  the  Midft  of  all  thefe  Diforders  there  was  a  very   great  Remarks. 
 Appearance  of  Sobriety  both  in   City  and  Country  ;   the  in- 
 defatigable Pains  of  the  Prefbyterian  Minifters  in  catechizing, 
 inftrucYmg  ;   and  vifiting  their  Parifhioners,  can  never  be  fuf- 
 ficiently  commended.     The  whole  Nation  was  civilized,  and 
 confiderably  improved  in  found  Knowledge,  though   Bifhop 
 Kennet  and  Mr.  Eachard  are  pleafed  to  fay,  "  That  Herefies 
 "  and  Blafphemies  againft  Heaven  were  fuell'd  up  to  a  raoft 
 "  prodigious  Height.     I  know  (fays  Mr.  Baxter)  you  may  L;fe 
 "  meet  with  Men  who  will  confidently  affirm,   that  in  thefe  p.  8*. 
 "  Times   all  Religion   was  trodden    under  Foot,   and  that 
 "  Herefy  and  Schifm  were  the   only  Piety ;    but  I    give 
 "  Warning  to  all  Ages,  that  they  take  heed  how  they  be- 
 "  lieve  any,  while  they  are  fpeaking  for  the  Intereft  of  their 
 *'  Factions  and  Opinions  againft.  their  real  or  fuppofed  Ad- 
 "  verfaries."      However,    the    Parliament    did  what   they 
 could  to  fupprefs  and  difcountenance  all  fuch  Extravagancies ; 
 and  even  the  Officers  of  the  Army,  having  convicted   one 
 of  their  Quarter  Matters  of  Blafpherny  in  a  Council  of  War, 
 fentenced  him  to  have  his  Tongue  bored   through   with  an 
 hot  Iron,  his  Sword  broke  over  his  Head,  and  to  be  cafhiered 
 the  Army. 
 
 But  Bifhop  Kennet  fays,  "  Even  the  Turkifh,  Alcoraa 
 '*  was  coming  in;  that  it  was  tranflated  into  Englifh,  and 
 44  faid  to  be  licenfed  by  one  of  the  Minifters  of  London." 
 Sad  Times!  Was  his  Lordfhip  then  afraid  that  the  Alcoran 
 fhould  prevail  againft  the  Bible  ?  Or,  that  the  Doctrines  of 
 Chrift  could  not  fupport  themfelves  againft  the   extravagant 
 
 Follies 
 
23  The  H  1  S  T  O  R  Y       Vol.  IV. 
 
 Common-    Follies  of  an  Impoftor  ?  But  the  Book  did  no  harm,  though 
 w,66    '       the  Commons  immediately  publifhed  an  Order  for  fuppref- 
 c.  -v— I  fing  it ;    and   firtce   the  Reftitution   of  Monarchy   and    the 
 Church  of  England,  we  have  lived  to  fee  the  Life  of  Ma- 
 homet and  his  Alcoran  publifhed  without  Offence. 
 
 His  Lordfhip  adds,  that  the  Papifts  took  Advantage  of  the 
 Liberty  of  the  Times,  who  were  never  more  numerous 
 and  bufy ;  which  is  not  very  probable,  becaufe  the  Par- 
 liament had  banifhed  all  Papifts  twenty  miles  from  the  City 
 of  London,  and  excepted  them  out  of  their  A6ts  of  In- 
 dulgence and  Toleration  ;  the  Spirit  of  the  People  againft 
 Popery  was  kept  up  to  the  height  ;  the  Mob  carried  the 
 Popes  Effigies  in  triumph,  and  burnt  it  publickly  on  Queen 
 Elizabeth's  Birth-day ;  and  the  Miniflers  in  their  Pulpits 
 pronounced  him  Antichrifl: ;  but  fuch  is  the  partiality  of 
 this  Right  Reverend  Hiftorian  ! 
 
 The  beginning  of  this  year  the  Marquis  of  Montrofs 
 Marquisof  was  ta^en  m  tne  North  of  Scotland  by  Colonel  Straughan 
 Montrofs  with  a  fmall  body  of  Troops,  and  hanged  at  Edinburgh  on 
 executed.       a  Gallows  thirty  Foot  high  :  his  Body  was  buried  under  the 
 
 Burn.  Hilt.     ^    .,  i     i  •     ^  r  l/^  r  .l 
 
 p. -6  s*  Gallows,  and  his  Quarters  let  upon  the  Crates  or  the  prin- 
 cipal Towns  in  Scotland  ;  but  his  behaviour  was  great  and 
 firm  to  the  lad:.  The  Marquis  appeared  openly  for  the 
 King  in  the  year  1643,  and  having  routed  a  fmall  Party  of 
 Covenanters  in  Perthshire  got  a  great  deal  of  Reputation  ; 
 but  his  little  fucceffes  were  very  milchievous  to  the  King's 
 Affairs,  being  always  magnified  beyond  what  they  really 
 were  :  His  vanity  was  the  occafion  of  breaking  off  the 
 Treaty  of  Uxbridge,  and  his  fears  left  King  Charles  II. 
 mould  agree  with  the  Scots,  and  recal  his  CommifTion  be- 
 fore he  had  done  any  thing,  now  hurried  him  upon  his  own 
 ruin. 
 
 The  young  King  being  in  Treaty  with  the   Scots  Cove- 
 
 Conrlltion;  *     *i      •  i  r  i  n-n      i  •  r  r  i 
 
 of  the  Scon  nanters  at  Breda  was  forced  to  nine  his  reientments  tor  the 
 Treaty  with  death  of  the  Marquis,  and  fubmit  to  the  following  hard 
 l!"-  Ki,,S'     Conditions. 
 
 (1.)  "  That  all  Perfons  excommunicated  by  the  Kirk 
 "  fhould  be  forbid  the  Court. 
 
 (2.)  "  That  the  King  by  his  folemn  Oath,  and  under 
 "  his  hand  and  Seal,  declare  his  allowance  of  the  Cove- 
 "  nah.t. 
 
 (3.)  "  That  he  confirm  thofe  A£b  of  Parliament  which 
 "  enjoin  the  Covenant.     That  he  efb.biiih  the  Prefbyterian 
 
 14  Worlhip 
 
Chap.  I.      of  the  Puritans.  29 
 
 <i  Worfhip  and  Difcipline,  and  ("wear  never   to   oppofe,  or  Common- 
 "  endeavour  to  alter  them.  ^g'-o* 
 
 (4.)    "   That  all  civil   matters  be  determined  by  Parlia-  ._  _  '-  j 
 "  ment  ;  and  all  ecclefiaftical  Affairs  by   the  Kirk. 
 
 5.  "  That  his  Majefty  ratify  all  that  has  been  done  in 
 "  the  Parliament  of  Scotland  in  fome  late  Seffions,  and 
 '*  fign  the  Covenant  upon  his  arrival  in  that  Kingdom,  if 
 «<  the  Kirkdefiredit."  * 
 
 The  King  arrived,  June  23.  but  before  he  landed  the  Com-  He  arrives 
 miffioners  infiffed  on  his    Signing  the  Covenant,   and   upon  in  Scotland- 
 parting  with  all  his.  old  Councilors,  which  he    did,  and  was 
 then  conducted  by  the  Way  of  Aberdeen  and  St.  Andrews 
 to  his  Houfe  at  Falkland.    July   1 1 .    his  Majefty  was  pro- 
 claimed at  the  Crofs  of  Edinburgh,  but  the  Ceremony  of  his 
 Coronation  was  deferr'd  to  the  Beginning  of  next  Year.     In  Cromwel 
 the  mean   Time  the   Englilh.  Commonwealth  was  providing  marche» 
 for  a  War  which  they   faw  was   unavoidable,    and   General  g^'t"   the 
 Fairfax  refilling  to  act    againff    the  Scots,  his    Commiffion 
 was  immediately  given  to  Cromwel,  with  the  Title  of  Cap- 
 tain General  in  chief  of  all  the  Forces  raifed,  and  to  be  railed 
 by  Authority  of  Parliament   within  the  Commonwealth  of 
 England.      Three  Days  after  (viz.)  June  29.  he  marched 
 with  eleven  Thoufand  Foot,  and  five   Thoufand  Horfe,  to- 
 wards the  Borders  of  Scotland,  being  refolved  not  to    wait 
 for  the  Scots  invading  England,  but  to  cany  the  War  into 
 their  Country.     The  Scots  complained  to  the  Englifh  Par- 
 liament of  this  Conduct,  as  a  Breach  of  the  Act  of  Pacifi- 
 cation, and  of  the  Covenant;  but  were  anfwer'd,  that  they 
 had  already  broken  the  Peace  by  their  Treaty  with    Charles 
 Stuart,  whom  they  had  not  only  received  as  their  King,  but 
 promifed  to  affifl:  in  recovering  the  Crown  of  England.  Their 
 receiving  the  King  was  certainly  their  Right  as  an  independent 
 Nation  ;  but  whether  their  promifing  to  aflift  him  in  recover- 
 ing the  Crown  of  England,  was  not  declaring  War,  mud  be 
 left  with  the  Reader. 
 
 July  22.  the  General  croiTed  the  Tweed,  and  marched 
 his  Army  almofl:  as  far  as  Edinburgh  without  much  Oppofi- 
 tion,  the  Country  being  deferted  by  Reafon  of  the  Terror  of 
 the  Name  of  Cromwel,  and  the  Reports  that  were  fpread  of 
 his  Cruelty  in  Ireland.  Not  a  Scots  Man  appeared  under 
 fixty,  nor  a  Youth  above  fix  Years  old,  to  interrupt  his 
 March.  All  Provifions  were  deftroyed,  or  removed,  to  pre- 
 vent the  Subfiftence  of  the  Army,  which  was  fupplied  from 
 Time  to  Time  by  Sea ;  but  the  General  having  made  Pro- 
 
 dama- 
 
3° 
 
 Common- 
 wealth. 
 1650. 
 
 Vol.  Vt. 
 P-  377- 
 
 Scots  Minif- 
 ters  invited 
 to  return  to 
 their 
 Churches. 
 
 The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y        Vol.  IV. 
 
 clamation,  that  no  Man  fhould  be  injured  in  his  Perfon  or 
 Goods  who  was  not  found  in  Arms,  the  People  took  Heart 
 and  returned  to  their  Dwellings. 
 
 The  Scots  Army,  under  the  Command  of  General 
 Lefley,  flood  on  the  Defenfive,  and  watched  the  Motions 
 of  the  Englifh  all  the  Month  of  Auguft ;  the  main  Body 
 being  intrenched  within  fix  Miles  of  Edinburgh,  to  the 
 Number  of  thirty  Thoufand  of  the  beff.  Men  that  ever  Scot- 
 land law ;  General  Cromwel  did  every  Thing  he  could  to 
 draw  them  to  a  Battle,  till  by  the  Fall  of  Rain,  and  bad 
 Weather,  he  was  obliged  to  retreat  to  MufTelborough,  and 
 from  thence  to  Dunbar,  where  he  was  reduced  to  the  utmoft 
 Streights,  having  no  way  left  but  to  conquer  or  die.  In 
 this  Extremity  he  fummoned  the  Officers  to  Prayer  ;  after 
 which  he  bid  all  about  him  take  Heart,  for  God  had  heard 
 them  ;  then  walking  in  the  Earl  of  Roxborough's  Gardens, 
 that  lay  under  the  Hill  upon  which  the  Scots  Army  was  en- 
 camped, and  difcovering  by  ProfpecYive  Glafles  that  they 
 were  coming  down  to  attack  him,  he  faid,  God  was  deli- 
 vering them  into  his  Hands.  That  Night  proving  very  rainy, 
 the  General  refrefhed  his  Men  in  the  Town,  and  ordered 
 them  to  take  particular  Care  of  their  Firelocks,  which  the 
 Scots  neglected,  who  were  all  the  Night  coming  down  the 
 Hill.  Early  next  Morning,  September  3.  the  General  with 
 a  ftrong  Party  of  Horfe  beat  their  Guards,  and  then  advan- 
 cing with  his  whole  Army,  after  about  an  Hour's  difpute,  en- 
 tered their  Camp  and  carried  all  before  him ;  about  four 
 Thoufand  Scots  fell  in  Battle,  ten  Thoufand  were  taken 
 Prifoners,  with  fifteen  Hundred  Arms,  and  all  their  Artillery 
 and  Ammunition ;  the  Lofs  of  the  Englifh  amounting  to 
 no  more  than  about  three  Hundred  Men.' 
 
 *  Tis  an  odd  Reflection  Lord  Clarendon  makes  upon  this 
 Victory  :  "  Never  was  Victory  obtained  (fays  his  Lordfhip} 
 "  with  lefs  Lamentation ;  for  as  Cromwel  had  great  Argu- 
 "  ment  of  Triumph,  fo  the  King  was  glad  of  it,  as  the 
 4*  greatefl  Happinefs  that  could  befal  him,  in  the  Lofs  of  fo 
 '*  /trong  a  Body  of  his  Enemies."  Such  was  the  Encou- 
 ragement the  Scots  had  to  fight  for  their  King ! 
 
 Immediately  after  the  Battle  the  General  took  PofTeffion 
 of  Edinburgh,  which  was  in  a  Manner  deferted  by  the 
 Clergy,  fome  having  (hut  themfelves  up  in  the  Caftle,  and 
 others  fled  with  their  EfFe&s  to  Sterling  ;  the  General,  to  de- 
 liver them  from  their  Fright,  fent  a  Trumpet  to  the  Caftle, 
 to  aiTure  the  Governor,  that  the  Minifters  might  return  to 
 
 their 
 
Chap.  I.  of  the  P  u  R  i  t  A  n  s.  31 
 
 *heir  Churches,  and  preach,  without  any  Difturbance  from  Common* 
 him,  for  he  had  no  Quarrel  with  the  Scots  Nation   on  the    wealth- 
 Score  of  Religion.     But  the  Minifters  replied,  That  having  ^  *_  °.'  _j 
 no  Security  for  their  Perfons  they  thought   it  their   Duty  to 
 referve  themfelves  for  better  Times.     Upon  which  the  Ge- 
 neral writ  to  the  Governor  ; 
 
 "  *T»  HAT    his  Kindnefs  offered  to  the  Minifters  in  that  Cromwell 
 «    JL     Caflle  was  without  any  fraudulent  Referve;   that  if  {^Tof  Ite 
 «*  their  Mailer's  Service  was  their  principal   Concern  they  Cartle. 
 **  would  not  be  fo   exceffively  afraid  of  fuffering  for  it.  Life. 
 "  That  thofe  Divines  had  mifreported  the  Conduft  of  his  ?3J% 
 <c  Party,  when  they  charged  them  with  perfecuting  the  Mi- 
 *'  nifters  of  Chrift  in  England  ;  for  the  Minifters  in  England 
 "   (fays  he)  are  fupported,  and  have  Liberty   to  preach  the 
 "  Gofpel,  though  not  to  rail  at  their  Superiors  at  Difcretion ; 
 "  nor  under  a  pretended  Privilege  of  Character  to  overtop 
 
 "  the  Civil  Powers,  or  debale  them  as  they  pleafe No 
 
 "  Man  has  been  difturbed  in  England  or  Ireland  for 
 "  preaching  the  Gofpel ;  nor  has  any  Minifter  been  rao- 
 "  lefted  in  Scotland  iince  the  coming  'of  the  Army   hither 
 
 " Speaking  Truth  becomes  the  Minifters  of  Chrift, 
 
 "  but  when  Minifters  pretend  to  a  glorious  Reformation, 
 M  and  lay  the  Foundation  thereof  in  getting  to  themfelves 
 "  Power,  and  can  make  worldly  Mixtures  to  accomplifli 
 "  the  fame,  fuch  as  the  late  Agreement  with  their  King; 
 "  they  may  know  that  the  Sion  promifed  is  not  to  be  built 
 "  with  fuch  untempered  Mortar.  And  for  the  unjuft  Inva- 
 u  fion  they  [the  Minifters]  mention,  Time  was  when  an 
 "  Army  out  of  Scotland  came  into  England,  not  called  by 
 
 '*  the  Supreme  Authority We  have  faid  in  our  Papers, 
 
 "  with  what  Hearts,  and  upon  what  Account  we  came,  and 
 '.'  the  Lord  has  heard  us,  though  you  would  not,  upon  as 
 "  folemn  an  Appeal  as  any  Experience  can  parallel —  I 
 "  have  nothing  to  fay  to  you,  but  that  I  am, 
 
 Sir,  Your  humble  Servant, 
 
 O.  Cromwel. 
 
 The  Scots  Minifters,  in  their  Reply  to  this  Letter,  ob-  Minia-™ 
 jetted  to  the  General,  "  his  opening  the  Pulpit  Doors  to  all  Re^- 
 *'  Intruders,  by  which  Means  a  Flood  of  Errors  was:  broke 
 "  in  upon  the  Nation.''     To  which  the  General  replied, 
 "  We  look  on  Minifters  as  Helpers  of,   not  Lords  aver  the 
 
 "  Faith 
 
Cromwei's 
 
 Aftfwer. 
 
 Whiil. 
 
 p.  45  8. 
 
 Collier 
 
 Eccl.  Hift. 
 
 P.S63. 
 
 Ccvrrnor'i 
 Cttapaint. 
 
 Cromwei's 
 *rrfr. 
 
 tVliitr, 
 |>.  664. 
 
 The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y         VoJ.  IV. 
 
 "  Faith  of  God's  People  :  I  appeal  to  their  Conferences, 
 Whether  any  denying  of  their  Doctrines,  or  diffenting 
 from  them,  will  not  incur  the  Cenfure  of  a  Sectary, 
 "  and  what  is  this  but  to  deny  Cbriftians  their  Liberty,  and 
 "  affume  the  infallible  Chair?  "Where  do  you  find  in  Scrip- 
 "  ture  that  Preaching  is  included  within  your  Function? 
 "  1  hough  an  Approbation  from  Men  has  Order  in  it,  and 
 "  may  be  well,  yet  he  that  hath  not  a  better  than  that, 
 "  hath  none  at  all. 
 
 "  I  hope  he  that  afcended  up  on  High  may  give  his  Gifts 
 "  to  whom  he  pleafes ;  and  if  thofe  Gifts  be  the  Seal  of 
 "  Miflion,  are  not  you  envious,  though  Eldad  and  Medad 
 **  prophefy  ?  You  know  who  has  b'd  us  covet  earneftly  the 
 "  beft  Gifts,  but  chiefly,  that  we  may  Prophefy  ;  which  the 
 •'  Apoftle  explains  to  be  a  (peaking  to  Tnflruclion,  Edifica- 
 "  ticn  and  Comfort  which  the  infrructed,  edified,  and  com- 
 "  forted,  can  beft  tell  the  Energy  and  Effect  of. 
 
 A  Now,  if  this  be  Evidence,  take  heed  you  envy  not  for 
 "  your  own  fakes,  loft:  you  be  guilty  of  a  greater  Fault  than 
 *'  Mofes  reproved  in  Jofhua,  when  he  envied  for  his  fake. 
 "  Indeed  you  err  through  miftake"  of  the  Scriptures.  Ap- 
 tc  probation  is  an  Act  of  Convenience  in  refpect  of  Order, 
 **  not  of  Necdfity,  to  give  Faculty  to  preach  the  Gofpel. 
 "  Your  pretended  Fear,  left  Error  fhould  ftep  in,  is  like 
 •'  the  Man,  that  would  keep  all  the  Wine  out  of  the  Coun- 
 "  try  left  Men  fhould  be  drunk.  It  will  be  found  an  unjufl 
 *'  and  unwife  Jealoufy,  to  deny  a  Man  the  Liberty  he  hath 
 "  by  Nature,  upon  a  Suppofition  he  may  abufe  it.  When 
 '*  he  doth  abufe  it,  then  judge." 
 
 The  Governor  complained  to  the  General,  "  that  the 
 "  Parliament  at  Weftminfter  had  fallen  from  their  Principles, 
 "  not  being  true  to  the  Ends  of  the  Covenant."  And  then 
 adds  with  the  Minifters,  "  That  Men  of  feculiar  Employments 
 "  had  ufurped  the  Office  of  the  Miniftry,  to  the  Scandal  of 
 "  the  Relormed  Churches." 
 
 In  Anfwer  to  the  flrft  Part  of  this  Expoftulation,  Gene- 
 ral Cromvvel  defired  to  know,  whether  their  bearing  Wit- 
 nefs  to  ihemfclves  was  a  good  Evidence  of  their  having  pro- 
 fecuted  the  Ends  of  the  Covenant?  "  To  infer  this  (fays  he) 
 is  to  have  too  favourable  an  Opinion  of  your  own  Judg- 
 ment and  Impartiality.  Your  Doctrines  and  Practice 
 ought  to  be  tried  bv  the  Word  of  God,  and  other  People 
 muft  have  a  Liberty  of  examining  them  upon  thefe  Heads, 
 and  of  giving  Sentence.'' 
 
 As 
 
Chap. 
 
 I.  of  the  Puritans.  33 
 
 As  to  the  Charge  of  indulging  the  Ufe  of  the  Pulpit  to  the  Common- 
 Laity,  the  General  admits  it,  and  adds,  '«  Are  ye  troubled    ^"50!* 
 < '  that  Chrift  is  preached  ?   Does  it  fcandalize  the  Reformed  4— ^-», 
 "  Churches,  and  Scotland  in  particular  ?     Is  it  againft  the 
 "  Covenant?    Away  with   the   Covenant  if   it  be  fo.      I 
 u  thought  the  Covenant    and  thefe   Men   would  have  been 
 «  willing,  that   any    mould    fpeak  good  of   the  Name  of 
 "  Chrift;  if  not,  'tis  no    Covenant  of    God's   approving; 
 "  nor  the  Kirk  you  mention  fo  much  the  Spoufe  of  Chriff." 
 
 The  General,  in  one  of  his  Letters,  lays  confiderable 
 Strefs  upon  the  Succefs  of  their  Arms,  after  a  moil  lolemn 
 Appeal  to  God  on  both  Sides.  To  which  the  Scots  Gover- 
 nor replied,  «*  We  have  not  fo  leai  n'd  Chrift,  as  to  hang  the 
 '*  Equity  of  aCaufeupon  Events."  To  which  Cromwel 
 Anfwers,  a  We  could  wifh  that  Blindnefs  had  not  been  upon 
 **  your  Eyes  to  thofe  marvellous  Dilpenfations  which  God 
 "  has  lately  wrought  in  England.  But  did  not  you  folemnly 
 *''  appeal  and  pray  ?  Did  not  we  do  fo  too  ?  And  ought  not 
 "  we  and  you  to  think  with  Fear  and  Trembling  on  the 
 "  Hand  of  the  great  God  in  this  mighty  and  ftrange  Appea- 
 "  ranee  of  his,  and  not  flightly  call  it  an  Event  ?  Were 
 "  not  your  Expectations  and  ours  renewed  from  Time  to 
 *'  Time,  whilft  we  waited  on  God  to  fee  how  he  would 
 "  manifeft  himfelf  upon  our  Appeals  ?  And  mall  we  after 
 "  all  thefe  our  Prayers,  Fallings,  Tears,  Expectations, 
 *4  and  folcmn  Appeals,  call  thefe  bare  Events?  The  Lord 
 "  pity  you . 
 
 From  this  Correfpondenee  the  Reader  may  form  a    Tin's— >-..''*, 
 men t  of  the  governing  Principles  of  the   Scots  glifh 
 
 at  this  Time ;   the  former  were  fo  inviolably  atr^ch'd 
 1  ■•  en  ant,  that  they  would  depart  from  nothing  that  was  in- 
 ifrent  with  ir.      The   Englifh,    after    feeking  God   iu 
 er,  judged  6f  the  Goodnels  of  their  Caule   by  the  An 
 .;■'  Pro  id  nee  in  its  favour;    molt  of  the  Offio 
 andSoldien  were  Men  of  (Mel  Devotion,  but  wept   upon 
 this  mifraken  Principle,  that  God  would  never  appear    for  a 
 bad ",Caufe  after  a  fblemn  Appeal   to  Heave,)   '■■<■  the   Attain 
 However,  the  Scots  loft  their   Courage,  and  fuirender'd  the 
 impregnable  Caftle  of  Edinburgh   into   the   Hands   <->f    the 
 Conqueror  December  24.    1"'    Gam  >n  having    Liberty  to 
 n:arch  out     i  h  their  Baj  fo  Burnt  Ifland  in  Fife;  and 
 
 loon  after  the  whole  Ki  .■       fubdued.  p-o.-^.m-i 
 
 The  provincial  AfTcmbly  of   London  met  this  Ye 
 
 iverhber,  but  die]  su-  ?i 
 rkaoie;    the  Parliament    ■...•;..  •   .  m£n*w«! 
 
 . .  . ,  lv!  c  to 
 
v. 
 
 FaiH,  p.  92 
 
 34  The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y         Vol.  IV. 
 
 Commpn-  to  the  Engagement,  and  prolonged  the  Time  limited  for 
 ileo. '  tak'ng  'r>  but  when  they  continued  inflexible,  and  inflead  of 
 \*^—vm*j  fubmittingto  the  prcfent  Powers  were  plotting  with  the  Scots, 
 it  was  refolved  to  clip  their  Wings,  and  make  fome  Examples, 
 as  a  terror  to  the  reft.  June  21.  the  Committee  for  regu- 
 lating the  Univerfities  was  ordered  to  tender  the  Engagement 
 to  all  fuch  Officers,  Mailers,  and  Fellows,  as  had  neglected  to 
 take  it,  and  upon  theii  Refufal  to  difpiace  them.  According- 
 ly, in  the  Univerfity  of  Cambridge,  Mr.  Vines,  Dr.  Rainbow, 
 and  fome  others,  were  difplaccd,  and  fucceeded  by  Mr. 
 Sydrach  Symplon,  Mr.  Jo.  Sadler,  and  Mr.  Dell.  In  the 
 Univerfity  of  Oxford,  Dr.  Reynolds,  the  Vice-Chancellor, 
 refufed  the  Engagement,  but  after  fome  time  offer'd  to  take 
 it,  in  hopes  of"  laving  his  Deanery  of  Chrift  Church  ;  but  the 
 Parliament  refenting  the  example,  took  advantage  of  his  For- 
 feiture, and  gave  the  Deanery  to  Dr.  John  Owen,  an  Inde- 
 pendent Divine,*who  took  PolTeiTion  of  it  March  18.  1 650-1. 
 O.  Crom.  Upon   the  Relionation  of  the  Vice- Chancellor,    Dr.  Dan. 
 
 of  Greenwood,  Principal  of  Brazen  Nofe  College,  and  a  Prefby- 
 tcrian  Divine,  was  appointed  his  SuccefTor.  Odlob.  12.  and 
 on  the  15  th  of  January  following  Oliver  Cromwell,  now  in 
 Scotland,  was  chofen  unanimoufly,  in  full  Convocation, 
 Chancellor  of  the  Univerfity,  in  the  Room  of  the  Earl  of 
 Pembroke,  lately  deceafed.  Vv'hcn  the  Doctors  and  Mailers 
 who  were  font  to  Edinburgh,  acquainted  him  with  the  choice, 
 he  writ  a  Letter  to  the  Univerfity,  in  which,  after  a  modeft 
 rcfufd  of  their  favour,  he  adds,  "  If  thefe  arguments  pre- 
 "  vail  not,  and  that  I  mult  continue  this  Honour  till  I  can 
 "  personally  lerve  you,  you  (hall  not  want  my  Prayers, 
 *'  that  Piety  and  Learning  may  flourifti  among  you,  and  be 
 "  render d  uleful  and  fubfervient  to  that  great  and  glorious 
 u  Kingdom  of  our  Lord  Jefus  Chrift  ;  of  the  approach  of 
 "  which,  Co  plentiful  an  Effufion  of  the  Holy  Spirit  upon 
 "  thole  hopeful  Plants  among  you  is  one  of  the  bell: 
 "  Prefages — "  When  the  General's  Letter  was  read  in 
 convocation  the  Houfe  refounded  with  chearful  acclamations. 
 Dr.  Greenwood  continued  Vice-Chancellor  two  Years,  but 
 was  then  dilplaced  tov  his  difarFeftibn  to  the  Government,  and 
 the  Honour  confer'd  on  Dr.  Owen.  Thus,  by  degrees,  the 
 Prcfbyterians  loft  their  influence  in  the  Universities,  and  deli- 
 vered them  up  into  the  hands  of  the  Independants. 
 Penal  T/iws  'T'0  fhengthen  the  hands  of  the  Government  yet  further, 
 Scobe!  p.  *he  Parliament,  by  an  Ordinance  bearing  date  Sept.  20.  took 
 in.  away  all  the  penal  Statutes  for  Religion.     The  Preamble  fets 
 
 forth, 
 
Chap.  II.  of  the  Puritans,  35 
 
 forth,  *'?  That  divers  religious  and  peaceable  People,  well  af-  Common- 
 
 "  fected  to  the  Commonwealth,  having  not  only  been  mo- 
 
 "  lefted  and  imprifoned,  but  brought  into  danger  of  abjuring 
 
 "  their  Country,  or  in  cafe  of  return  to  fuffer  death  as  Fe- 
 
 **  Ions,  by  fundry  Acts  made  in  the  times  of  former  Kings 
 
 •'  and  Queens  of  this  Nation,  againfl:  Recufants  not  coming 
 
 "  to   Church,  he.  they  therefore  enact  and  ordain. 
 
 *'  *TT«  H  A  T  all  the  Claufes,  Articles,  and  Provifo's,  in  the 
 "  JL  enfuing  Acts  of  Parliament  (viz)  iftEliz.  23d  Eliz. 
 f{  35th  Eliz.  and  all  and  every  Branch,  Claufe,  Article  or  Pro- 
 **  vifo,  in  any  other  Act,  or  Ordinance  of  Parliament,  where - 
 4  by  any  Penalty  or  Punifhment  is  impofed,  or  meant  to  be 
 '*  impofed  on  any  Perfon  whatfoever,  for  not  repairing  to 
 "  their  relpective  Parilh  Churches ;  or  for  not  keeping  of 
 "  Holy  Days  ;  or  for  not  hearing  Common-Prayer,  &c. 
 "  mall  be,  and  are  hereby  wholly  repealed  and  made  void.  - 
 "  And  to  the  end  that  no  prophane  or  licentious  Perfons 
 "  make  take  occalion,  by  the  Repeal  of  the  faid  Laws,  to 
 "  neglect  the  Performance  of  religious  Duties,  it  is  further 
 '*  ordained,  That  all  Perfons  not  having  a  reafonablc  F.xcufc,  . 
 "  mail  on  every  Lord's  Day,  and  Day  of  publick  Thankf- 
 "  giving  or  Humiliation,  refort  to  fome  Place  of  publick 
 u  Worfhipj  or  be  prelent  at  fome  other  Place,  in  the  Prac- 
 "  tice  of  fome  religious  Duty,  c'uher  of  Prayer  or  Preaching, 
 "  reading  or  expounding  the  Scriptures — " 
 
 By  this  Law  the  Doors  were  fct  open,  and  the  State  was 
 at  liberty  to  employ  all  luch  in  their  Service  as  would  take  the 
 Oaths  to  the  Civil  Government,  without  any  regard  to  their 
 Religious  Principles. 
 
 Sundry  fevere    Ordinances  were  made  for  fupprefTing  ofQidlnmcea 
 Vice,   Error,  and   all  Sorts  of  Prophanenefs   and   Impiety.  a^,mpiJ'ca 
 May    10.  it   was    ordained,     "  That   Ineefl:   and  Adultery  phanend's. 
 "  fliould  be  made  Felony  ;  and   thar  Fornication  mould  be 
 "  punifhed  with  three  Months  Impiifonment  for  the  firfl  Of- 
 '*  fence  ;  and   that  the  fecond    Offence    fbould    be  Felony 
 "  without  benefit  of  Clergy.     Common  Bawds,  or  Perfons  ScobcF, 
 "  who  keep  lewd  Houfes,  are  to  be  fet  in  the  Pil.'orv  ;    to  be  r-  i2U 
 "  whip'd,  and   marked  in  the  Forehead  with  the  Letter  B, 
 "  and  then  committed  to  the  Honfe  of  Correction  for  three 
 "  Years  for  the  firft   offence;   and   for  the  fecond  to  fufTer 
 •'  death,     provided     the    Profecwtion     be    within    twelve 
 
 <:  Months. 
 
 C  2  June 
 
The  H  I  S  T  0  R  Y        Vol.  IV. 
 
 June  28.  it  was  ordained,   "  That  every   Nobleman  -who 
 "  (hall  be  convicted  ef  prophane  Curling  and  Swearing,  by 
 <v  the  Oath  of  one  or  more  WitnefTes,   or  by  his  own  Con- 
 "  feificn,  fliall  pay  for  the  firfl   Offence   thirty  Shillings  to 
 "  the  Peer  of  the   Parifti ;     a   Baronet,  or  Knight,   twenty 
 <e  Shillings ;    an  E'quire   ten   Shillings  ;     a   Gentleman   fix 
 "  Shillings  and  eight.  Pence  j    and  all   inferior  Perfons   three 
 "  Shillings  and  four  Pence.     For  the  fecond   Offence  they 
 "  are  to  pay  double,  according  to  their  Qualities  abovemen- 
 "  tioned.     And  for  the  Tenth  Offence  they  are  to  be  judged 
 <*  Common  Swearers  and  Curlers,  and  to  be  bound  over 
 w  to  their  good    Behaviour  for  three    Years.      The   like 
 "  Puniihment  for  Women,   whofe  Fines   are  to  be  deter- 
 "  mined  according  to  their  own  or  their  Hufband's  Quality." 
 AoainftWaf-      Augufl:  9.  an  Ordinance  was  paffed,   for  punifhing  Blaf- 
 phemous      phemous  and  execrable  Opinion?.     The  Preamble  takes  No- 
 Opinion?.      t:ce^  ^)ai  "  though  feveral  Laws  had  been  made  for   pro- 
 p.C  124!        "  moting  Reformation  in  Doctrines  and  Manners,  yet  there 
 <c  were  clivers  Men  and  Women  who   had  lately  difcovered 
 "  monftrous  Opinions,  even  fuch  as  tended  tot!  ie  Diffolution 
 "  of  human  Society ;    the  Parliament  therefore,  according 
 "  to  their   Declaration  of  Sept.   27.    1649.  in  which  they 
 "  faid,  They  fhould  be  ready  to  teflify    their   Difpleafure 
 "  againft  fuch  Offenders,   by  Uriel:  and  effectual  Proceeding? 
 "  againft  them  who  fhould  abufe  and  turn  into  Licentiouf- 
 u  nefs,  the  Liberty  given  in  Matters  of  Religion,  do  there - 
 "  fore  ordain  and  enact, 
 
 «<  *TpHAT  any  Perfons  not  diitemper'd  in  their  Brains, 
 «  J[  who  mall  maintain  any  mere  Creature  to  be  God. 
 "  or  to  be  Infinite,  Almighty,  &c.  Or,  that  fhali  deny 
 fi  the  Holinefs  of  God  ;  or,  ill  all  maintain,  that  all  Ac! 
 M  of  Wickednefs  and  Unrighteoufnels  are  not  forbidden  in 
 <<  Holy  Scripture  ;  or,  that  God  approves  of  them.  Any 
 *<  one  who  mall  maintain,  that  Ads  of  Drunkennefs,  Adul 
 "  tcry,  Swearing,  &c.  are  not  in  themfelvcs  fhajneful, 
 "  wicked,  fmful,  and  impious,  or,  that  there  is  not  any 
 "  real  Difference  between  Moral  Good  and  Evil,  &c.  ail 
 '"  fuch  Perfons  fliall  fuffer  fix  Months  Imprifonment  for  the 
 u  ririt  Offence  ;  and  for  the  fecond  (hall  be  banifhed  ;  and 
 "  if  they  return  without  Licence  fliall  be  treated  as  Felons/'-' 
 
 For  ftrjfter  Though  feveral  Ordinances  had  been  made  heretofore  for 
 Obfervation  the  ftricT.  Obfervation  of  the  Lord's  Day,  the  prefent  Houfe 
 b«hh?  Sab"  ot  Commons  thought  fit  to  enforce  them  by  another,  dated 
 
 April 
 
Chap. 
 
 I.  of  the  Puritans.  37 
 
 April  19.   1 650.  in  which  they  ordain,  "  That   all   Goods  Common- 
 
 "  cried,  or  put  to  Sale  on  the  Lord's   Day,  or  other   Days    ^"l^' 
 
 ■'  of  Humiliation  and  Thankfgiving  appointed  by  Authority, 
 
 il  fhall  be  feized.     No  Wagoner  or  Drover  (hall  travel  on  ScobJ, 
 
 "  the  Lord's  Day  on  Penalty  of    ten    Shillings   for   every  P- IJ9- 
 
 "  Offence.     No  Perfons  fhall   travel  in   Boats,  Horfes   or 
 
 "  Coaches,  except  to  Church,  on   Penalty  of  ten  Shillings. 
 
 "  The   like  Penalty  for  being  in  a   Tavern.      And  where 
 
 "  Diftrefs  is  not  to  be  made,  the  Offender  is  to  be  put  into 
 
 <c  the  Stocks  fix  Hours.     All  Peace  Officers  are  required  to 
 
 ft  make  diligent  Search  for  difcovering   Offenders ;    and  in 
 
 "  cafe  of  Neglect,  the  Juflice  of  Peace  is  fined  five  Pounds, 
 
 "  and  every  Conftable  twenty  Shillings."      Such   was  the 
 
 "  Severity  of  thefe  Times ! 
 
 The  Parliament  having  ordered  the  Sale  of  Bifhops  Lands,  For  Main- 
 and  the  Lands  of  Deans  and  Chapters,  and  vefted  the  Money  teaance  of 
 in  the  Hands  of  Truftees,    as   has   been  related,    appointed  luch  ',  !frs>r* 
 this  Year,  April  5.  part  of  the   Money  to  be  appropriated  jng t0  carhc- 
 for  the  Support  and  Maintenance  of  fuch  late  Bifhops,  Deans,  dials,  whofe 
 Prebendaries,  Singing  Men,  Chorifters,  and  other  Members,   ^j^J*"6 
 Officers,  and  Perfons  deftitute  of  Maintenance,  whole   re-  Scobel, 
 fpective  Offices,  Places,  and  Livelihoods,  were  taken  away,  p-  *«? 
 and  abolifhed,  diflributing  and  proportioning  the  fame   ac- 
 cording to  their  Neceffities.     How  well  this  was  executed  I 
 cannot  determine ;  but  it  was  a  generous  A 61  of  Companion, 
 and  more  than  the  Church  of   England  would  do  for   the 
 Nonconforming  at  the  Reftoration. 
 
 A  Motion  being  made  in  the  Houfe  about  tranflating   all  Lav,s  t0  (,e 
 Law  Books  into  the  Englifh  Language,  Mr.  Whitlock  made  tranflatcd 
 a  learned  Speech  on   the  Argument,    wherein    he   ebferves,  '"l,0,1j-"s  jftl' 
 that  «'  Moles  read  the  Law  to  the  Jews  in  the  Hebrew  Lan-  p   ,60f 
 "  guage ;  that  the  Laws  of  all  the  Eaftern  Nations  were  in 
 "  their  Mother  Tongue  ;  the  Laws  of  Conflantinople  were 
 *'  in  Greek  ;    at  Rome  they  were  in  Latin  ;  in  France,  Spain, 
 "  Germany,  Sweden,    Denmark,   and   other  Places,  their 
 a  Laws  are  publifhed  in  their  native  Language.     As  for  our 
 "  own  Country  (fays  he)   thofe  who   can   read  the   Saxon 
 "  Character  may  find  the   Laws   of  our  Anccfrors   in  that 
 "  Language.     Purfuant  to  this  Regulation,  William   Duke 
 *'  of  Normandy,  commonly    called  the   Conqueror,  com- 
 '•  manded  the  Laws  to  be  publifhed  in  Englifh,  that   none 
 "  might  pretend  Ignorance.     He  obferves  further,  that  by 
 "  36  Eiiz.  cap.  3.  it  was  ordered,  that  all  Pleadings  fhould 
 H  be  in  Englifli ;  and  even  in  the  Reigns  of  thofe  Princes, 
 **  wherein  our  Statutes  were  enroll'd  in  French,  the  Sheriffs 
 C  3  "  were 
 
33 
 
 The    HISTORY         Vol.  IV. 
 
 Common-    <c  were  obliged  to  proclaim  them  in  Englifli,  becaufc  the 
 
 *i6zo.       "  People  were  deeply  concerned  to  know  the  Laws  of  their 
 
 ^_  —  -■_»  "  Country,  and  not  to  be  kept  in  Ignorance  of  the  Rule  by 
 
 "  which  their  Interefts  and  Duty  were  directed. '' 
 Scobd,  The  Arguments  in  this  Speech  were  fo  forcible,  that   the 
 
 p.  155.  Houfe  agreed  unanimoufly  to  a  Bill,  wherein  they  ordain, 
 "  That  all  Books  of  Law  be  translated  into  Englifh  ;  and 
 "  all  Proceedings  in  any  Court  of  Juftice,  except  the  Court 
 "  of  Admiralty,  after  the  Eafter  Term,  1651.  (hall  be 
 u  in  Englifh  only  ;  and  all  Writs,  Sec.  mall  be  in  a  legible 
 •'  Hand,  and  not  in  Court-Hand,  on  Forfeiture  of  twenty 
 "  Pounds  for  the  firft  Oifence,  half  to  the  Commonwealth, 
 "  and  the  other  half  to  them  that  will  fue  for  the  fame/' 
 And  though  this  Regulation  ceafed  at  the  Reftoration,  as  all 
 other  Ordinances  did  that  were  made  in  thefe  Times,  the 
 late  Parliament  has  thought  fit  to  revive  it. 
 Rite  of  the  From  this  Time  we  may  date  the  Rife  of  the  People  cal- 
 Q^ikcrs.  Jed  Quakers,  in  whom  moft  of  the  Enthufiafts  of  thefe 
 Fox.Ge°rge  Timcs  ccntcr'd:  Their  firft  Leader  was  George  Fox, 
 born  at  Drayton  in  Lancafhire,  1624.  his  Father  being  a 
 poor  Weaver  put  him  Apprentice  to  a  Country  Shoemaker, 
 but  having  a  peculiar  Turn  of  Mind  for  Religion,  he  went 
 away  fFbm  his  Mailer,  and  wander'd  up  and  down  the  Coun- 
 tries like  an  Hermit,  in  a  Leathern  Doublet :  at  length  his 
 Friends  hearing  he  was  at  London,  perfuaded  him  to  return 
 home,  and  fettle  in  fome  regular  Courfc  of  Employment ; 
 but  after  he  had  been  fome  Months  in  the  Country  he  went 
 from  his  Friends  a  fecond  Time,  in  the  Year  1646.  and 
 threw  off  all  further  Attendance  on  the  publick  Service  in  the 
 Churches :  The  Reafons  he  gave  for  his  ConducF  were,  be- 
 icaufe  it  was  revealed  to  him,  That  a  learned  Education  at 
 the  Univernty  was  no  Qualification  for  a  Minifter,  but  that 
 all  depended  on  the  Anointing  of  the  Spirit ;  and,  that  God 
 who  made  the  World  did  not  dwell  in  Temples  made  with 
 Hands.  In  the  Year  1647.  he  travelled  into  Darby  (hire  and 
 Nottinghamfl-.ire,  walking  through  divers  Towns  and  Villa- 
 ges, which  Way  foever  his  Mind  turned,  in  a  folitary  Man- 
 "  ,,  per.  He  faired  much  (lays  my  Author)  and  walked  often 
 Hirt.  S  Abroad  in  retired  Places,  with  no  other  Companion  but  his 
 Bible.  He  would  fometimes  fet  in  an  hollow  Tree  all  Day, 
 and  frequently  walk  about  the  Fields  in  the  Night,  like  a 
 Man  poireiTed  with  deep  Melancholy  ;  which  the  Writer  of 
 his  Life  calls  the  Time  of  the  firft  Working  of  the  Lord 
 upon  him.  Towards  the  latter  End  of  this  Year,  he  began, 
 firft  to  fet  up  for  Teacher  of  others,  about  Duckinfield  and 
 
 Man- 
 
Chap.  I.  of  the  Puritans. 
 
 Manchefter ;  the  principal  Argument  of  his  Difcourfe  being, 
 "  That  People  mould  receive  the  inward  Divine  Teachings 
 "  of  the  Lord,  and  take  that  for  their  Rule." 
 
 In  the  Year  1648.  there  being  a  Diffolution  of  all  Go- 
 vernment both  Civil  and  Ecclefiaftieal,  Geoge  Fox  waxed 
 bold,  and  travell'd  through  the  Counties  of  Leicefterfhire, 
 Northamptonfhire,  and  Derby ihire,  fpeaking  to  the  People 
 in  Market  Places,  &c.  about  the  inward  Light  of  Chrift 
 within  them.  At  this  Time  (fays  my  Author)  he  apprc-  „.„ 
 hended  the  Lord  had  forbid  him  to  put  off  his  Hat  to  any  Qoakers, 
 one,  high  or  low  ;  he  was  required  aifo,  to  (peak  to  ths  p- 18. 
 People  without  DifHnction  in  the  Language  of  Thou  and 
 Thee.  He  was  not  to  bid  People  good  Morrow,  or  good 
 Night;  neither  might  he  bend  his  Knee  to  the  chief  Magi- 
 frrate  in  the  Nation  ;  the  Women  that  followed  him  would 
 not  make  a  Courtely  to  their  Superior?,  nor  comply  with  the 
 common  Forms  of  Speech.  Both  Men  and  Women  affected 
 a  plain  and  limple  Drefs  diftincl  from  the  Fafhion  of  the 
 Times.  They  neither  gave  nor  accepted  any  Titles  of 
 RefpccF  or  Honour,  nor  would  they  call  any  Man  Matter  on 
 Earth.  They  refufed  to  take  an  Oath  on  the  raoft  folemn 
 Occafion.  Thefe,  and  the  like  Peculkuities,  he  fupported 
 by  fuch  PafTages  of  Scripture  as  thefe,  "  Swear  not  at  all. 
 "  How  can  ye  believe  who  receive  Honour  one  of  another, 
 "  and  feek  not  the  Honour  which  comes  from  God  only  ?" 
 But  thefe  Marks  of  Diftindtion  which  George  Fox  and  his 
 Followers  were  fo  tenacious  of,  unhappily  brought  them 
 into  a  great  deal  of  Trouble,  when  they  wet  e  called  to  ap- 
 pear before  the  Civil  Magistrate. 
 
 In  the  Year  1 640.  he  grew  more  troublefome,    and  began  His  Sul- 
 fa interrupt  the  publick  Minifters  in  Time  of  Divine  Service  :  fcyingi. 
 His  firft  EiTay  of  this  Kind  was  at  Nottingham,  where   the 
 Minifter  preaching  from  thofe  Words  of  St.  Peter,  We  have 
 a  more  fure  Word  of  Prophecy,    &c.    told  the  People,  that 
 they  were  to  try  all  Doctrines,  Opinions,  and  Religions,   by 
 the  Holy  Scriptures.     Upon  which  George  Fox  flood  up  in 
 the  Midft  of  the  Congregation  and  faid,    "  Oh  no  !    'tis  not 
 '*  the  Scripture,  but  'tis  the  Holy  Spirit,  by  which  Opinions, 
 "  and  Religions,  are  to  be  tried  ;  for  it  was  the  Spirit  that 
 "  lead  People  into  all  Truth,  and  gave  them  Knowledge  of 
 •*  it.''      And  continuing  his    Speech   to   the   Disturbance  of 
 the  Congregation,   the   Officers  were    obliged   to   turn   him 
 out  of  the  Church,  and  carry  him  to  the   sheriff's  Houie  ; 
 next  Day  he  was  committed  to  the  Caftle>    but   was  quickly 
 pelcafcd  without  any  other  Punifhment,     Aftes  this  he  dif- 
 C   4  tuvbed 
 
The    HISTORY         Vol.  IV. 
 
 turbed  the  Minifter  of  Mansfield  in  Time  of  Divine  Service, 
 for  which  he  was  fct  in  the   Stocks,    and   turned  out  of  the 
 Town.     The  like  Treatment  he  met  with  at  Aiarket    Bof- 
 worth,  and  feveral  other  Towns.     At  length  the  Magift rates 
 of  Derby  confined  him  fix  Months  in  Prifon,  for   uttering 
 divers  blafphcrnous  Opinions,  purfuant  to  a  late  Act  of  Par- 
 He  is  join'd  ^ament  for  that  purpofe.     By  this  Time  there  began  to  ap- 
 by  others,     pear  fome  other  Vifionaries,  of  the  fame   Make   and  Com- 
 plexion with  George  Fox,  who  fpoke   in  Places  of  publick 
 Kcfoi  t ;   being  moved  (as   they  laid)  by   the  Holy    Gboft ; 
 and  even  fome  Women,   contrary  to   the  Modeity  of  their 
 Sex,    went  about  the  Streets,    and  enter'd  into  Churches, 
 crying  down  the  Teachings  of  Men,  and  exhorting  People 
 to  attend  to  the  Light  within  themfelves. 
 They  are  It  was  in  the  Year  1650.  that  thefe  wandring  Lights  firft 
 
 fii rt  called  received  the  Denomination  of  Quakers,  upon  this  Ocea- 
 na ei-b.  fiCXif  tj-jejr  fpeakmg  to  the  People  was  ufually  attended  with 
 convuifive  Agitations,  and  makings  of  the  Body.  All  their 
 Speakers  had  thefe  Tremblings,  which  they  gloried  in,  af- 
 ferting  it  to  be  the  Character  of  a  good  Man  to  tremble  be- 
 fore God.  When  George  Fox  appeared  before  Gervas  Benner, 
 Efq;  one  of  the  Juftices  of  Derby,  Octob.  30.  1 650.  he  had  on« 
 of  his  Agitations,  or  fits  of  Trembling  upon  him,  and  with  a 
 loud  Voice,  and  vehement  Emotion  of  Body,  bid  the  Juf- 
 tice,  and  thofe  about  him,  tremble  at  the  Word  of  the 
 Lord  ;  whereupon  the  Jufiice  gave  him,  and  his  Friends,  the 
 Name  of  Qu  akers,  which  being  agreeable  to  their  common 
 Behaviour,  quickly  became  the  diftingui  thing  Character  o 
 this  People. 
 Their  Kcha-  At  length  they  difturbed  the  publick  Worfhip  by  appearing 
 viour.  in  ridiculous  Habits,  with  emblematical  or  typical   Reprelen- 
 
 tarions  of  fome  impending  Calamity  ;  they  alfo  took  the 
 Liberty  of  giving  the  Minifters  the  reproachful  Names  of 
 Hirelings,  Deceivers  of  the  People,  falfe  Prophets,  &c. 
 Some  of  them  went  through  divers  Towns  and  Villages 
 naked,  denouncing  Judgments, an,d  Calamities  upon  the  Na- 
 tion. Some  have  famifhed  and  defiroyed  themfelves  by 
 deep  Melancholy  ;  and  others  have  undertaken  to  raife  their 
 Friends  from  the  Dead.  Mr.  Baxter  fays,  many  Francifcan 
 p.";6.''  Friars,  and  other  Papifts,  have  been  difguifed  Speakers  in 
 their  AiTemblies;  bat  little  Credit  is*  to  be  given  to  fuch 
 Reports. 
 
 It  can't  be  expected  that  fuch  an  unfettled  People  fhould 
 have  an  uniform  Sytlem  of  rational  Principles.  Their 
 iiift  and  chief  Defign,  if  they  had  any,  was   to  reduce  all 
 
 revealed 
 
Chap.  II.         of  the  P  u  r  i  t  a  n  s.  41 
 
 revealed  Religion  to  Allegory  ;  and  becaufe  fome  had  laid  Common- 
 too  great  a  ftrefs  upon  Rites  and  Ceremonies,  thefe  would 
 have  neither  Order  nor  Decency,  nor  dated  Times  of  Wor- 
 fliip,  but  all  mtift  arife  from  the  inward  Impulfe  of  their 
 Spirits.  Agreeable  to  this  Rule  they  declared  againft  all  Sorts 
 of  Clergy,  or  fettled  Minifters  ;  againft  People's  afTembling 
 in  Steeple  Houfes ;  againft  fixed  Times  of  publick  Devotion, 
 and  confequently  againft  the  Obfervation  of  the  Sabbath. 
 Their  own  Meetings  were  occafional,  and  when  they  met, 
 one  or  another  fpake  as  they  were  moved  from  within,  and 
 fometimes  they  departed  without  any  one's  being  moved  to 
 (peak  at  all. 
 
 The  Doctrines  they  delivered  were  as  various   and  un-  Their  Do»- 
 certain  as  the  Principle  from  which  they  a&ed.     They  de-  UlIie'' 
 nied  the  Holy  Scriptures  to  be  the  only  Rule  of  their  Faith, 
 calling  it  a  dead  Letter,  and  maintained,  that  every  Man  had  a 
 Light  within  himfelf,  which  was  a  fufheient  Rule.     They 
 denied  the  received  Dottrine  of  the  Trinity  and  Incarnation. 
 They  dilowned  the  Sacraments  of  Baptilm  and  the  Lord's 
 Supper ;  nay,  fome  of  them  proceeded  fo  far,  as  to  deny  a 
 Chrift  without  them ;    or    at  leaft,  to  place  more  of  their 
 Dependance  upon  a  Chrift  within.     They  (pake  little  or  no- 
 thing (fays  Mr.  Baxter)    about   the   Depravity  of  Nature ;  Baxter, 
 about  the  Covenant  of  Grace ;    about    Pardon   of  Sin   and  p"  77* 
 Reconciliation  with  God  ;  or  about  Moral  Duties  ;    but   the 
 Difturbance  they  gave  to  the  publick  Religion  for  a  Courfe  of 
 many  Years,  was  fo  infufferable,   that  the  Magiftrates  could 
 not  avoid  punifhing  them  as  Difturbers  of  the  Peace  ;  though 
 of  late  Years  they  are  become  a  more  fober  and   inoffenlive 
 People  ;   and  by  the  Wifdom  of  their  Managers  have  form'd 
 themfelves  into  a  Sort  of  Body  politick. 
 
 CHAP.     II. 
 
 From  the  Coronation  of  King  Charles  II.  in  Scotland,  to 
 the  Protedtorfhip  of  Oliver  Cromwell. 
 
 THE    Coronation    of    King    Charles    by    the    Scots,  Common, 
 which  had  been  deferr'd  hitherto,  being  now   thought    weaIth" 
 neceflary   to    give    Life    to   their  Caufe,    was     perform'd  ^_*  *X_J 
 at  Scone    on    New- Years-Day,     with    as    much   Magni-  Coronation 
 ficence     as     their    Circumftances    would     admit  ;     when  of  Kins 
 his  Majefty  took  the   following  Oath :     •<  I  Charles  King  ?*'<£;. 
 
 "  of 
 
The   HISTORY  Vol.  IV. 
 
 "  of  Great  Britain,  France  and  Ireland,  do  affure  and  de- 
 "  clare  by  ray  folemn  Oath,  in  the  Prefence  of  Almighty 
 "  God,  the  Searcher-  of  all  Hearts,  my  Allowance  and" 
 <s  Approbation  of  the  National  Covenant,  and  of  the  fo- 
 *•  lemn  League  and  Covenant ;  and  faithfully  oblige  my 
 (i  felf  to  profecute  the  ends  thereof  in  my  Station  and  Cal- 
 **  ling  ;  and  tliat  I  myfelf,  and  Succeffors,  fhall  confent 
 "  and  agree  to  all  the  Acts  of  Parliament  enjoining  the 
 *'  National  Covenant,  and  the  folemn  League  and  Cove- 
 "  nant,  and  fully  eftablifh  Prefhyterian  Government,  the 
 •"  Directory  of  Worflr.p,  Confemon  of  Faith,  and  Cate- 
 "  chifms,  in.  the  Kingdom  of  Scotland,  as  they  are  ap- 
 "  proved  bv  the  General  AfTembly  of  this  Kirk,  and  Par- 
 "  liament  of  this  Kingdom  ;  and  that  I  will  give  my  Royal 
 "  Aflent  to  all  A£b  of  Parliament  patted,  or  to  be  paffed, 
 tc  enjoining  the  fame  in  my  other  Dominions;  and  that  I 
 "  fhall  cbferve  thefe  in  my  own  practice  and  family,  and 
 "  fhall  never  make  oppofition  to  any  of  thefe,  or  endea- 
 "  vour  any  change  thereof."  This  Oath  was  annexed  to 
 the  Covenant  itfelf,  drawn  up  in  a  fair  Roll  of  Parchment, 
 and  fubicribed  by  him  in  prefence  of  the  Nobility  and 
 Gentry. 
 
 His  Alajefty  alfo  figned   a  Declaration,  in  which  he  ac- 
 Cove^nt"'  knowledged   tne  Sin  °f  n'iS  Father  in  marrying  into  an  ido- 
 3:,d3Uj-'     latrous  Family  ;  that  the  Blood  fhed  in  the  late  Wars  lay  at 
 ti-mim.      }u"s  Father's  Door.     He  exprefied  a  deep  fenfe  of  his  own 
 Sail,  is         '"  Education,  and  of  the  Prejudices  he  had  drunk  in,  againfl 
 p.  3S7'        the  caufe  of  God,  which  he  was  now  very  fenfibleof.     He 
 I5ur„tt,  p.     confefled  all   the  former  parts  of  his  Life  to  have  been  a 
 courfe  of  enmity  to  the  Work  of  God.     He  repented  of  his 
 Com  million  to  ?v/fontrofs.     He  acknowledged  his  own  Sins, 
 and  llie  Sins   of  his  Father's  Houfe,  and   fays,  he  will    ac- 
 count them    his  enemies  who  oppofe  the  Covenants,  both 
 which  he  had  taken  without  any   finiiter  intention  of  attain- 
 ing his  own  ends.     He  declares  his  deteftation  and  abhor- 
 rence of  all    Popery,    Superftition,  Idolatry,  and  Prelacy, 
 and  refolves  not  to  tolerate  them  in  any  part  of  his  Domini- 
 ons.    He  acknowledges  his  great  fin  in  making  peace  with 
 the  Irifh  Rebels,  and  allowing  them   the    Liberty   of  their 
 Religion,  which  he   makes  void,    refolving  for  the  future 
 rather  to  choofe  affliction   than  fin  ;  and    tho'    he    judges 
 charitably  of  thole  who    have  acted  againft    the  Covenant, 
 yet  hepromifes  not  to  employ  them  for  the   future  till  they 
 have  taken  it.     In  the  conclufion  his  Majefty  confeffes  over 
 again  his  own  guilt  ;  and  tells  the  World,  the  State  of  the 
 
 Queftion 
 
 lu  Ggris  (be 
 
Chap.  II.       cf  the  Puritans.  43 
 
 Queilion   was   now  altered,  in  as  much  as  he  had  obtain^  Common- 
 Mercy  to  be  on  God's  Side,  and  therefore  hopes  the  Lord     vv"llli« 
 will   be   gracious,   and  countenance  his  own  caufe,    fmce  ,    J* 
 he    is    determined   to  do  nothing  but   with   advice  of  the 
 Kirk. 
 
 Our  Hiftorians,  who  complain  of  the  prevarication  of^ 
 Cromwel,  would  do  well  to  find  a  parallel  to  this  in  all  Hif- 
 tory  ;  the  King  took  the  Covenant  three  Times  with  this 
 tremendous  Oath,  "  By  the  Eternal  and  Almighty  God, 
 "  who  liveth  and  reigneth  for  ever,  I  will  obferve  and  keep 
 *f  all  that  is  contained  herein."  Mr.  Baxter  admits,  that  p§  g^ 
 the  Scots  were  in  the  wrong  in  tempting  the  young  King  to 
 fpeak  and  publifh  that  which  they  might  eafily  know  was 
 contrary  to  the  Thoughts  of  his  Heart ;  but  furely,  Jiis  Ma- 
 jefty  was  no  lefs  to  blame  to  trample  upon  the  moil  facred 
 Bonds  of  Religion  and  Society  ;  but  he  ihick  at  nothing. 
 He  complied  with  the  Rigors  of  the  Scots  Difcipline  and 
 Worfhip  :  He  heard  many  Prayers  and  Sermons  of  great 
 length.  "  I  remember  (fays  Bifhop  Burnet)  in  one  Fafl:  P«  53- 
 "  Day,  there  were  fix  Sermons  preached  without  intermif- 
 "  fion.  He  was  not  allowed  to  walk  abroad  on  Sundays ; 
 "  and  if  at  any  time  there  had  been  any  gaiety  at  Court, 
 f  as  dancing,  or  playing  at  Cards,  he  was  feverely  repro- 
 fi  ved  for  it,  which  contributed  not  a  little  to  becet  in  him 
 ?'  an  avcrfion  to  all  ftrictnefs  in  Religion."  And  the  Scots 
 were  fo  jealous  that  all  this  was  from  Ncceflity,  that  they 
 would  fuffer  none  of  his  old  Friends  to  come  into  his  pre- 
 fence  and  Councils,  nor  fo  much  as  to  ferve  in  the  Army. 
 
 While  the  Scots  were  railing  Forces  for  the  King's  Ser-  presiiyte- 
 vice  a  private  Correfpondence  was  carried  on  with  the  Eng-  riaupjot. 
 lifh  Prefbyterians ;  Letters  were  alfo  writ,  and  Meffcngers 
 lent  from  London  to  the  King  and  Queen  Mother  in  France, 
 -tohaften  an  Accommodation  with  the  Scots,  affuring  them, 
 that  the  English  Prefbyterians  would  then  declare  for  him 
 the  firft  opportunity.  Large  fums  of  money  were  collect- 
 ed privately  to  forward  an  expedition  into  England  ;  but  the 
 vigilance  of  the  Commonwealth  dilcovered  and  defeated 
 their  Defigns.  The  principal  Gentlemen  and  Minifters 
 concerned  in  the  correfpondence  were  fome  difbanded  Offi- 
 cers who  had  ierved  the  Parliament  in  the  late  Wars  ;  as 
 Major  Adams,  Alford,  and  Huntington  ;  Colonel  Vaughan, 
 Titus,  Sowton,  Jackfon,  Bains,  Barton  ;  Captain  Adams, 
 Potter,  Maffey,  Starks,  Farr  ;  and,  Mr.  Gibbons.  The 
 Minifters  were,  Dr.  Drake,  Mr.  Cafe,  Watfcn,  Heyrick, 
 Jenkins,    Jackfon,    Jaquel,    Robinfon,    C.nvton,    Nalfon, 
 
 Haviland, 
 
44  The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y         Vol.  IV. 
 
 Common-  Haviland,  Blackmore,  and  Mr.  Love.  Thefe  had  their 
 wealth.  private  Affemblies  at  Major  Adams's,  Colonel  Barton's,  and 
 at  Mr.  Love's  Houfe,  and  held  a  correfpondence  with  the 
 King,  who  defired  them  to  fend  Commiffioners  to  Breda  to 
 moderate  the  Scots  demands,  which  fervice  he  would  re- 
 ward when  God  mould  reilore  him  to  his  Kingdoms. 
 
 But  fo  numerous  a  Confederacy  was  hardly  to  be  con- 
 cealed from  the  watchful  Eyes  of  the  new  Government, 
 who  had  their  Spies  in  all  Places.  Major  Adams  being  ap- 
 prehended on  Sufpicion  was  the  firir.  who  difcovered  the 
 Conspiracy  to  the  Council  of  State.  By  his  Information 
 Warrants  were  iiiued  out  for  apprehending  moll  of  the 
 Gentlemen  and  Mmifters  above-mentioned  ;  but  feveral  ab- 
 fcondeci,  and  withdrew  from  the  Storm.  The  Ministers 
 who  were  apprehended,  were  Dr.  Drake,  Mr.  Jenkins, 
 Tackfon,  Robinfon,  Watfon,  Blackmore,  and  Haviland, 
 who  after  feme  time  were  releafed  on  their  Petition  for 
 mercy,  and  promifing  fubmifiion  to  the  Government 
 for  the  future  ;  but  Mr.  Love  and  Gibbons  were  made 
 examples,  as  a  terror  to  others.  Mr.  Jenkin's  Petition  be- 
 ing exprened  in  very  Strong  terms  was  ordered  to  be  prini> 
 ed  ;  it  was  entitled,  *'  The  humble  Petition  of  Will. 
 "  Tenkins,  Prifoner,  declaring  his  unfeigned  forrow  for  all 
 "  his  late  Mifcarriages,  and  promifing  to  be  true  and  faith- 
 "  ful  to  the  prefent  Government  ;  with  three  Queries,  be- 
 "  ing  the  Ground  of  his  late  Petition,  and  SubrniiTion  to 
 "  the  prefent  Powers.  " 
 
 The   Reverend  Mr.  Love    was  brought    before  a  new 
 Trial  High  Court  of  Juftice  erected  for   this  purpufe,   as  was  the 
 
 Cirftom  cf  thcie  times  for  State  Criminals  ;  when  Mr.  At- 
 torney General  Prideaux,  June  20.  exhibited  againit.  him. 
 the  following  charge  of  High  Treafon,  "  That  at  feveral 
 "  times,  in  the  years  1649,  1650,  and  1651.  and  in  feve- 
 "  ral  places,  he,  with  the  Perfons  above-mentioned,  had 
 "  malic ioufly  combined,     and    contrived    to    raife   Forces 
 
 "  againft  the   prefent  Government. That  they  had  de- 
 
 "  clared  and  publifhed  Charles  Stuart,  eldeft  Son  of  the 
 "  late  King,  to  be  King  of  England,  without  confent  of 
 "  Parliament. — That  they  had  aided  the  Scots  to  invade 
 "  this  Commonwealth. — That  the  faid  Chriftopher  Love, 
 '*  at  divers  times  between  the  29th  of  March,  1650,  and 
 "  the  firil  of  June,  165 1,  at  London  and  other  placesa 
 "  had  traiterouilv  and  malicioufiy  maintained  correfpon- 
 "  dence  and  intelligence  by  letters  a«d  meflages  with 
 "  Charles    Stuart,    Son  of   the   late  King,  and  with  the 
 
 *'  Queen 
 
 Mr.  Love': 
 
Chap.  II.  of  the  Puritan  s. 
 
 "  Queen  his  Mother,  and  withfundryof  his  Council.- 
 
 "  That  he  did  likewife  hold  correfpondence  with  divers  of 
 «e  the  Scots  Nation,  and  had  afliftcd  them  with  Money, 
 "  Arms,  and  other  Supplies  in  the  prefent  War,  as  well  as 
 "  Colonel  Titus,  and  others  of  the  Eriglifh  Nation,  in 
 "  Confederacy  with  them,  to  the  hazard  of  the  publick 
 41  peace,  and  in  breach  of  the  Laws  of  the   Land." — 
 
 To  this  charge  Mr.  Love,  after  having  demurred  to  the' 
 jurifdiclion  of  the  Court,  pleaded  Not  Guilty.  The  Wit- 
 neffes  againfl:  him  were  eight  of  the  above-mentioned  gen- 
 tlemen. The  Reverend  Mr.  Jackfon  was  fumrnoned,  but 
 refufed  to  be  fworn,  or  give  evidence,  becaufe  he  looked 
 on  Mr.  Love  to  be  a  good  iVIan  ;  faying,  he  mould  have  \ ifl 
 hell  in  his  confeience  to  his  dying  dav,  if  he  fhould  fpeak 
 any  tiling  that  fhould  be  circumstantially  prejudicial  to  Mr. 
 Love's  Life.  The  Court  put  him  in  mind  of  his  obligation 
 to  the  Publick,  and  that  the  ven  aii  Government 
 
 depended  upon  it.  But  he  refilled  to  be  fworp,  for  which 
 the  Conrt  lent  him  to  the  Fleet,  and  fined  him  five  hundree: 
 Pounds. 
 
 Rut  it  appeared  by  the  other  V.  itnefti   ,  that  Mr.  Love  TheEvi- 
 had  held  a  criminrd  correfpondence  both  wi'tli  the  King,  and  «tric<;> 
 5  cots  :  \\  ith  regard  to  the  King  it  was  fworn,  that  about 
 
 mth  after  Vlajefty's  Death  feveral  ex  them  i 
 
 at  a   Tavern   at  Dowgate,  and  other  places,    to  concert 
 
 'ires  to   forward  the  King's  agreement  v.  ith  the  Scots, 
 ;'.r  which  purpofe  they  applied  by  letters  t>>  the  Qlieen,  and 
 
 over  Colonel  Titus  with    »ne    hundri     Pounds  to  de^ 
 
 his  expences.     The  Colore!  having  delivered  his  mef- 
 
 faee,  lent  back  letters  by  Colonel  Afsford,  ■■•>•  rea  1 
 
 Houfe;   with  the  cop1,  of  a  Letter  from  the 
 
 Ktngliimfelf,  Mr.  Love  bi  ng   pre/en  t.     Upon  thefe,  a;. a 
 
 fucfome  facts,  the  Council  for  the  Commonweal  h  iniifted, 
 
 here  was  a  criminal  le  Kj  ., 
 
 :ontrary  to  the  Ordinance  of  Jan  h  fays, 
 
 "  That  wHbfoever  dial!  proclaim,  dec  liflt,  or  any  * 
 
 "  ways  promote  Charles  Stuart,  or  any  ■  vcr  perfon  to  be 
 "  King  of  fin  gland  i  without  cojpfent  of  Parliament,  fhat! 
 *■'•  be  adjudged  a  Tray  tor,  and  fuac  r  the  pains  of  Death  as 
 "  a  Traytor." 
 
 The  -other  branch  of  the  charge  agarriu"  Mr.  Love,  was, 
 his  correfponding  with  the  Scot;,  and  afiifting  them  iu  the 
 War  againft  the  Parliament  To  fupport  this,  Captaiiri 
 Potter,  Adams,  and  Mr.  Jaquel  fwore,  that  Letter*  came 
 from  Scotland  to  Colonel  Harnfield  with  the  Letter  L  upoa 
 
 thena, 
 
The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y        Vol.  IV. 
 
 them,  giving    a  large  Narrative   of  the  Fight   at  Dunbar, 
 and  of  the  Scots   Affairs  for  three  months  after  till  Chrill- 
 mas.     There  came   alfo  Letters  from  the  Earl  of  Argyle, 
 Lothian,  and   Loudon,  who  propofed  the  railing  ten  thou- 
 fand  pounds  to  buy  arms,  and  to  hire    fhipping,  in  order  to 
 land  five  thoufarid  men  in  England.     The  Letters  were  read 
 at  Mr.  Love's  Houfe,  but  the  propofals  were  difliked:  On- 
 ly forty  pounds  was  raifed  for  the  expences   of  the  meffen- 
 ger.     At   another   time  a  Letter   was  read   from  General 
 Maffey,  in  which  he  defires  them  to  provide  Arms,  and 
 mentions  his   own  and   Colonel  Titus's  Necefilties ;  upon 
 which  it  was  agreed   to  raife  two  or  three  hundred  pounds 
 by  way  of  contribution,  and  every  one   prefent  writ  down 
 what  he  would  lend,  among  whom  was  Mr.  Love,  who  not 
 only  contributed  himfelf,  but  carried  about  the  paper  to  en- 
 courage others.     This  was  confhued    by  the  Council  for 
 the  Commonwealth  fufficient  to  bring  Mr.  Love  within  the 
 Ordinance  of  July    i.    1649,  which  fays,  "  That  if  any 
 **  jfhall  procure,  invite,   aid,  or  affifl:,   any    Foreigners   or 
 "  Strangers  to  invade    England  or  Ireland  ;  or  mail  adhere 
 M  to  any  forces  raifed  by  the  Enemies  of  the   Parliament, 
 "  or  Commonwealth,  or  Keepers  of  the  Liberties  of  Eng- 
 il  land,  all  fuch    perfons  fhall   be  deeemed,  and  adjudged 
 il  guilty  of  Fligh  Treafon." 
 in,-.  Lore's       Mf-  Love,  in  his  defence,  behaved  with  a  little  too  much 
 Defence.       freedom  and  boldnefs ;    he  fet  too  high  a  value   upon  his 
 facred  character,    which    the   Court  was   inclined  to  treat 
 with  neglect.  He.  objected  to  the  witneffes,  as  being  forced 
 into  the   fervice  to   lave  their  Lives,     lie  obferves,  that  to 
 feveral   of    the   facts   there  was  but  one   witnefs ;  and  that 
 fome  of  them    had   fworn  falfly,  or  at  leaft  their  memories 
 had  fail'd  them  in  fome  things,  which   might  eafily  happen 
 at  lb  great  a  difiance  of  time.     He  called  no  witneffes  to 
 confront  the  evidence,  but  at  the  clofe  of  his  defence  con- 
 feffed  ingenuoufly,  that  there  had  been  feveral  meetings  of 
 the  above-named  perlons  at  his  Houfe,  and  that    a  Com- 
 mifiion   was  read,  but  that  he  diflerited  from  it.     He  ac- 
 knowledged further,  that  he  was  prefent  at  the  reading  of 
 Letters,  or  of  fome   part  of  them,  "  but  I  was  ignorant 
 "  (fays  he)  of  the  danger  that  I  now  fee   I   am  in.     The 
 *'  Act  of  Aug.   2d,    1650,  makes  it  Treafon   to  hold  any 
 *'  Correfpondence   with  Scotland,    or  to  fend  Letters    thi- 
 11  ther  though  but  in  a  way  of  Commerce,    the  two  Na- 
 "  tions  being  at  War  ;  now  here  my  Council  acquaints  me 
 "  with  my  danger,   tkat  I  being  prefent  when  letters  were 
 
 "  read 
 
Chap.  II.         of  the  P  u  r  i  t  A  N  s. 
 
 *'  read  in  my   Houfe    am    guilty  of  a  concealment,   and  Cc» 
 "   therefore  as   to  that,  I  humbly  lay   myfelf  at  your  Feet 
 "  and  Mercy." 
 
 And  to  move  the  Court  to  mew  mercy  to  him,  he  en- 
 deavoured to  fet  out  his  own  character  in  the  molt,  favour- 
 able light,  "  I  have  been  called  a  Ma^jgnant  and  Apoltate 
 **  (fays  he)  but  God  is  my  witnefs,  I  never  carried  on  'a 
 "  malignant  interelt  ;  I  ftill  retain  my  covenanting  princi- 
 "  pies,  from  which  by  the  Grace  of  God  I  will  never  de- 
 "  part  ;  neither  am  I  an  Incendiary  between  the  two  Na- 
 *'  tions  of  England  and  Scotland,  but  I  am  grieved  for  their 
 "  diviiions  ;  and  if  I  had  as  much  blood  in  my  veins  as 
 u  there  is  Water  in  the  Sea,  I  could  account  it  well  Ipent 
 "  to  quench  the  fire  that  our  Sins  have  kindled  between 
 "  them.  I  have  all  along  engaged  my  Life  and  Efiate  ;n 
 "  the  Parliament's  Quarrel  againiT:  the  Forces  raifed  by  the 
 "  late  King,  not  from  a  proipecr.  of  advantage,  but  from 
 *'  Confcicnce  and  Duty  ;  and  I  am  fo  far  from  repenting, 
 *'  that  were  it  to  do  again  upon  the  fame  unquestionable 
 "  authority,  and  for  the  fame  declared  Ends,  I  fliou'd  as 
 "  readily  engage  in  it  as  ever  ;  though  I  with,  from  my 
 '*  Soul,  that  the  Ends  of  that  juft  War  had  been  better  ac- 
 **  complifhed. 
 
 "  Nor  have  my  fuffcrings  in  this  caufe  been  inconfuler- 
 u  able  ;  when  I  was  a  Scholar  in  Oxford,  and  M.  A.  I  was 
 "  the  firft  who  publickly  refufed  to  fubferibe  the  Canons 
 tf  impofed  by  the  late  Archbifhop,  for  which  i  was  expel- 
 "  led  the  Convocation -Houfe.  When  I  came  firir  to 
 "  London,  which  was  about  twelve  years  ago,  I  was  op- 
 "  pofed  by  the  Bifhop  of  London,  and  it  was  :;hout  three 
 u  years  before  I  could  obtain  fo  much  as  a  Leclure.  In 
 "  the  year  1640,  or  164 1.  I  was  imprifoned  in  New- 
 "  caille  tor  preaching  again/l  the  Service  Book,  from 
 11  whence  I  was  removed  hither  by  Habeas  Corpus,  and 
 "  acquitted.  In  the  beginning  of  the  War  between  the 
 "  late  King  and  Parliament  1  was  accufed  for  preaching 
 *'  Treafon  and  Rebellion,  merely  becaufe  I  maintained  in 
 "  a  Sermon  at  Tenterden  in  Kent,  the  lawfulness  of  a 
 "  fen  five  War.  I  was  a"gain  complained  of  by  -the  Com- 
 "  millioners  at  Uxbridge  for  preaching  a  Sermon,  which  I 
 *'  hear  is  lately  reprinted  ;  and  if  it  be  printed  according  to 
 u  the  firfl:  Copy  I  will  own  every  line  of  ir.  After  all  this 
 "  I  have  been  three  times  in  trouble  lince  the  late  change 
 f*  of  Government.  Once  I  was  committed  to  cuftody, 
 "  and  twice  cited  before  the  Committee  for  plundered  Mi- 
 
 "  mfters, 
 
48 
 
 The    HISTORY        Vol. IV. 
 
 Common-  «  nifters,  but  for  want  of  proof  was  difcharged.  And 
 w" l  '  **  now  lall  of  all,  this  great  trial  is  come  upon  me  ;  I  have 
 "  been  kept  feveral  Weeks  in  clofe  prifon,  and  am  now 
 "'  arraigned  for  my  Life,  and  like  to  fuffer  from  the  hands 
 "  of  thofe  for  whom  I  have  done  and  fuffered  fo  much, 
 "  and  who  have  liftdip  their  hands  with  me  in  the  fame  Co- 
 "  venant  ;  and  yet  I  am  not  confeious  of  any  perfonal  Atr. 
 "  proved  againft  me,  that  brings  me  within  any  of  your 
 "  Laws  as  to  Treafon. 
 
 "  Upon  the  whole,  though  I  never  writ  nor  fent  Letters 
 *'  into  Scotland,  yet,  Iconfefs,  their  proceedings  with  the 
 '*  King  are  agreeable  to  my  judgment,  and  for  the  good  of 
 "  the  Nation ;  and  though  I  difown  the  Commifflon  and 
 "  Inflrnctions  mentioned  in  the  Indictment,  yet  I  have  de- 
 "  fired  an  agreement  between  the  King  and  the  Scots,  a- 
 "  greeably  to  the  Covenant  ;  for  they  having  declared  him 
 c<  to  be  their  King,  I  have  defired  and  prayed  as  a  private 
 "  Man,  that  they  might  accomplifh  their  ends  upon  fuch 
 "  terms  as  were  confident  with  the  fafety  of  Religion  and 
 "  the  Covenant." 
 
 He  concludes  with  befeeching  the  Court,  that  he  may 
 not  be  put  to  death  for  State  Reafons.  He  owns  he  had 
 been  guijty  of  a  Concealment,  and  begs  the  mercy  of  the 
 Court  for  it,  promifing  for  the  future  to  lead  a  quiet  and 
 peaceable  Life.  He  puts  them  in  mind,  that  when  Abia- 
 tharthe  PrieO:  had  done  an  unjuflifiable  acYion,  King  Solo- 
 mon faid,  he  would  not  put  him  to  death  at  that  time,  "  be- 
 "  caufe  he  bore  the  Ark  of  the  Lord  God  before  David  bis 
 "  Father  ;  and  becaufe  he  had  been  afflicted  in  all  where- 
 
 "  in  his  Father    hath   been  afflicted." Thus  (fays  he)  I 
 
 commit  myfelf  and  my  All  to  God,  and  to  your  Judgments 
 and  Confciences,  with  the  Words  of  Jeremiah  to  the  Ru- 
 lers of  Iirael,  "  As  for  me,  behold  I  am  in  your  Hands,,  do 
 "  with  me  as  feemeth  good  and  meet  to  you ;  but  know 
 "  ye  for  certain,  that  if  ye  put  me  to  death  ye  fnall  furely 
 "  bring  innocent  Blood  upon  your  felvcs."  Bat  I  hope  bet- 
 ter Things  of  you,  tho1  I  thu?  fpeak. 
 
 The  Court  allowed  Mr.  Love  the  benefit  of  Council 
 learned  in  the  Law  to  argue  fome  exceptions  againft  the 
 Indictment  ;  but  after  all  that  Mr.  Hales  could  fay  for  the 
 Prifoner,  the  Court,  after  fix  days  hearing,  on  the  5th  of 
 July,  pronounced  fentence  of  death  againft  him  as  a  Traytor. 
 
 Great  InterceiTions  were  made  for  the  life  of  this  Reve- 
 rend Perfon  by  the  chief  of  the  Presbyterian  Party  in  Lon- 
 don ;  his  Wife  prefented  feveral  moving  petitions  ;  and  two 
 
 were 
 
Chap.  II.       of  the  Puritans.  49 
 
 were  prefented  from  himfelf,    in  one  of  which  he  acknow-  Common- 
 ledges  the  juftice  of  his  fentence,    according  to  the  Laws  of  ^L^' 
 the  Commonwealth  ;   in    the  other  he  petitions,  that  if  he  ^_  —  -   j 
 may  not   be  pardoned,  his  fentence  may    be  changed  into 
 banifhment  ;  and   that  he   might  do  fomething  to  deferve 
 his  life,  he  prefented  with  his  laft  petition  a  Narration  of  all 
 that  he  knew  relating  to  the  plot,  which   admits  almoft  all 
 that  had  been  objected  to  him  at  his  Trial. 
 
 But    the  Affairs   of  the  Commonwealth  were  now  at  a  A  remark- 
 crifis,    and    King  Charles  II.  having  entered  England  at  the  *ble  Inci" 
 head  of  fixteen  thoufand  Scots,  it  was  thought  neceffary 
 to  ftrike  fome  terror  into  the  Presbyterian  party  by  making 
 an  example  of  one  of  their  favourite  Clergymen.  Mr.  Whit- 
 lock  fays,    that    Colonel  Fortefcue  was  fent    to    General 
 Cromwel  with  a  petition  on  behalf  of  Mr.  Love,  but  that 
 both  the  General  and  the  reft  of  the  Officers  declined  med- 
 dling in  the  Affair ;  but  Bifhop   Kennet  and  Mr.  Eachard  Comp!. 
 fay,  the  General  fent  word,  in  a  private  Letter  to  one  of  Hlft-  P-  202* 
 his  Confidents,    that  he  was  content  that  Mr.  Love  mould  6g^ai  'p* 
 be  reprieved,  and   upon  giving  fecurity  for  his  future  good 
 behaviour  pardoned  ;  but   that  the    Port-boy  being  ftopt  on 
 the  road    by  fome  Cavaliers    belonging   to  the  late  King's 
 Army,  they  fearched  his  Packet,  and  finding   this  Letter  of 
 Reprieve   for   Mr.  Love   they  tore  it  with  indignation,  as 
 thinking  him  not  worthy  to  live  who  had  been  fuch  a  fire- 
 brand at  the  Treaty  of  Uxbridge.     If  this  Story  be  true, 
 Mr.  Love  fell  a  Sacrifice  to   the  ungovernable  rage  of  the 
 Cavaliers,  as  Dr.  Doriflaus  and  Mr.  Afcham  had  done  before. 
 
 The  Mail  arriving  from  Scotland,  and  no  Letter  from  His  Speech 
 Cromwel  in  behalf  of  Mr.  Love,  he  was  ordered  to  be  ex-  on  the  Scaf- 
 ecuted  upon  Tower-Hill,  Aug.  22.  the  very  day  the  King  ^ld' and 
 entered  Worcefter  at  the  head  of  his  Scots  Army.  Mr. 
 Love  mounted  the  Scaffold  with  great  courage  and  refolu- 
 tion,  and  taking  off  his  Hat  two  feveral  times  to  the  people, 
 macic  a  long  Speech,  wherein  he  declares  the  fatisfa&ion  of 
 his mmd  in  thecaufe  for  which  he  fuffered  ;  and  then  adds, 
 "  I  am  for  a  regulated,  mixed  Monarchy,  which  I  judge 
 *'  to  be  one  of  the  bell:  Governments  in  the  World.  I  op- 
 "  pofed,  in  my  place,  the  forces  of  the  late  King,  becaufe 
 "  I  am  againft  fcrewing  up  Monarchy  into  Tyranny,  as 
 "  much  as  againft  thofe  who  would  pull  it  down  into  Anar- 
 "  chy.  I  was  never  for  putting  the  King  to  death,  whofe 
 "  Perfon  I  did  promife  in  my  Covenant  to  preferve  ;  and 
 "  I  judge  it  an  ill  way  of  curing  the  Body  politick  by  cut- 
 "  ting  off  the  political   Head.     I  die  with  mv  judgment 
 
 Vol.   IV.  D  "    "asainft 
 
5o  The    HISTORY  Vol.  IV. 
 
 Common-  *'  againft:  the  Engagement  ;  I  pray  God  forgive  them  that 
 wealth.  «  iinp0fe  |t)  anc|  them  that  take  it,  and  preferve  them  that 
 '^,-l-^j  "  refufe  it.  Neither  would  I  be  looked  upon  as  owning 
 "  this  preient  Government  ;  I  die  with  my  Judgment 
 i(  againil  it.  And  laftly,  I  die  cleaving  to  all  thofe  Oaths, 
 <«  Vows,  Covenants,  and  Proteftations  that  were  impoied 
 "  by  the  two  Houfcs  of  Parliament.  I  blefs  God  I  have 
 et  not  the  lead  trouble  on  my  Spirit,  but  I  die  with  as  much 
 "  quietnefs  of  Mind  as  if  I  was  going  to  lie  down  on  my 
 .  "  Bed  to  reii  I  fee  Men  third  after  my  Blood,  which 
 "  will  but  hailen  my  happinefs  and  their  ruin  ;  for  though 
 "  I  am  but  of  mean  Parentage  yet  my  Blood  is  the  Blood 
 *'  of  a  Chriftian,  of  a  MiniiUr,  of  an  innocent  Man,  and 
 "  (I  fpeak  it  without  vanity)  of  a  Martyr — I  conclude 
 "  with  the  Speech  of  the  Apoftle,  I  am  now  ready  to  be 
 "  offered  up,  and  the  time  of  my  departure  is  at  hand,  but 
 V  I  have  finished  my  courfe,  I  have  kept  the  Faith,  hence- 
 "  forth  there  is  laid  up  fcrmc  a  Crown  of  Righteoufnefs 
 "  — and  not  for  me  only,  but  for  all  them  that  love  the 
 "  appearance  of  our  Lord  jefus  Chrill,  through  whofe 
 "  Blood  I  expeci  Salvation,  and  RemiiTion  of  Sins.  And 
 "  fo  the  Lord  blefs  you  all,'' 
 
 After  this  he  prayed  with  an  audible  Voice  for  himfelf 
 and  his  Fellow-fufferer  Mr.  Gibbon,  for  the  profperity  of 
 England,  for  his  covenanting  Brethren  in  Scotland,  and  for 
 an  happy  union  between  the  two  Nations,  making  no  men- 
 tion of  the  King.  He  then  rofe  from  his  Knees,  and  hav- 
 ing taken  leave  of  the  Minifters,  and  others  that  attended 
 him,  he  laid  his  Head  upon  the  Block,  which  the  Executi- 
 oner took  off  at  one  Blow,  before  he  had  attained  the  age 
 of  forty  years.  Mr.  Love  was  a  zealous  Presbyterian,  a 
 popular  Preacher,  and  highly  efteemed  by  his  Brethren. 
 His  Funeral  Sermon  was  preached  by  Dr.  Manton,  and 
 publiflied  under  the  Title  of  "  The  Saints  Triumph  over 
 "  Death ; "  but  his  Memory  has  fuffered  very  much  by 
 Vol.  III.  P.  Lord  Clarendon's  Character,  who  reprefents  him  as  guilty 
 434-  of  as  much    '*   Treafon  again!!  the  late  King  as  the  Pulpit 
 
 "  could  contain  ;  and  delighting  himfelf  with  the  recital  oi 
 "  it  to  the  laft,  as  dying  with  falfe  courage,  or  (as  he  calls 
 "  it)  in  a  raving  Fit  of  Satisfaction  for  having  purfued  the 
 "  ends  of  the  fanctified  Obligation  the  Covenant,  without 
 "  praying  for  the  King,  any  farther  than  he  propagated  the 
 "  Covenant."  Such  Quarter  muft  they  expect  who  can't 
 go  all  his  Lordfhip's  Lengths,  though  they  facrifice  their 
 Lives  for  their  King  ! 
 
 To 
 
Chap.  II.       of  the    Pur  i  t  a  n  s. 
 
 To  return  to  more  publick  affairs ;    after  the   Battle  of 
 Dunbar  General  Cromwel,  through  the  Inclemency  of  the 
 Weather,  arid  his  great   fatigues,    was  feized  with  an  Ague 
 which  hung  upon  him  all   the  Spring,  but  as  the  Summer  Progre/s  of 
 advanced  he  recovered,  and  in  the  Month  of  July  marched  '     Ens]ii}l 
 
 i  •       *  i      i        xr''     j  o       v  i  •    i  •         Army  ia 
 
 his'  Army  towards  the  llmg  s  at  Merlin  ;  but  not  thinking  Scotland* 
 it  advifable  to  attempt  his  Camp,  he  transported  part  of  his 
 forces  over  the  Firth  into  Fife,  who  upon  their  landing  de- 
 feated the  Scots,  killing  two  thoufand,  and  taking  twelve 
 hundred  prifoners.  After  that,  without  waiting  any  longer 
 on  the  King,  he  took  Johnflown,  and  aimer!  all  the  garrifons 
 in  the  North. 
 
 While   the   General  was  employed   in   thefe   parts,  the  The  Kins 
 Scots  Committee  that  directed  the  marches  of  their  Army,  marches  ia- 
 fearing  the  Storm  would  quickly  fall  upon  themfelves,    re-  t0;  h"l'and 
 foived  to  march  their  Army  into  England,  and  try  the  Loy-  Scots  Army 
 alty  of  the  Englifh  Prefoyterians ;  for  this  purpofe  Colonel 
 MafTey  was  fent  before  into  Lancashire,  to  prepare  them 
 for  a  revolt ;  and  the  King  himfelf  entered  England  by  the 
 way  of  Carlifle,  Augull  6.  at  the  head  of  fixteen  thoufand 
 Men  ;  But  when   the    Committee   of    Miniflers    that  at- 
 tended the  Army,  obferved  that  the  King  and  his  Friends, 
 upon  their  entering  England,  were  for  dropping  the  Cove- 
 nant, they  fent  an  exprefs  to  MafFey   without  the  King's 
 knowledge  (fays  Lord   Clarendon)   requiring   him    to  pub-  Vol.  III. 
 hlh  a  Declaration,  to  aiTure  the  People  of  their  Refolution  P-  4°°>4°<»' 
 to  profecute  the  ends  of  the  Covenant.     The  King  had  no 
 fooner  notice  of   this,    but  he  fent  to  MafTey,  forbidding 
 him     to    publifh    the   Declaration,    and    to   behave   with 
 equal    civility    towards    all   Men    who   were   forward    to 
 to  ferve  him  ;  "  but  before  this   Inhibition  (fays  his  Lord- 
 "  fhip)   the  matter  had   taken  air  in  all  places,  and   was 
 "  fpread  over  the  whole  Kingdom,  which  made  all  Men 
 "  fly  from  their  Houfes,  or  conceal  themfelves,  who  wifh- 
 "  ed  the  King  well."     But  his  Lordfhip  is  furely  miftaken> 
 for  the   King's,  chief  hopes  under  MafTey  Avere  from  the 
 Prefbyterians,    who  were  fo  far  from  being  difpleafed  with 
 his  Majefty's  declaring  for  the  Covenant,  that  it  gave  them 
 all  the   Spirit  he  could  wifh   for  ;    but  when  it  was  known 
 that  the  Covenant  was  to  be  laid   afide,  MafTey's  meafures  Rapin   Pi 
 were  broken,  many  of  the   Scots  deferted   and    returned  64. 
 home  ;  and  not  one  in  ten  of  the  Englifh  would  hazard  his 
 Life  in  the  quarrel.     Mr.  Baxter,  who  was  a  much  better  Life,  p.  $8, 
 judge  of  the  temper  of  the  People  than  his  Lordfhip,  fays, 
 "  The  Englifh  knew  that   the  Scots  coming  into  England 
 D  2  .was 
 
5* 
 
 Common- 
 wealth. 
 1651. 
 
 Prepn  rati- 
 ons, ...  the 
 P  .ii  Lament. 
 
 p.  Cfp. 
 
 Rnrnet  p. 
 58. 
 
 The  HISTORY.        Vol.  IV. 
 
 "  was  rather  a  flight  than  a  march.  They  confidered  like- 
 c<  wife,  that  the  implacable  Cavaliers  had  made  no  prepa- 
 "  ration  of  the  people's  mind?,  by  propofing  any  terms  of 
 "  a  future  reconciliation.  That  the  Prelatical  Divines 
 "  were  gone  further  from  the  Prefbyterians  by  Dr.  Ham- 
 *'  mond's  new  way,  than  their  Predeceffors  ;  and  that  the 
 "  caufe  they  contended  for  being  not  Concord  but  Govern- 
 "  ment,  they  had  given  the  Prefbyterian  Clergy  and  Peo- 
 *'  pie  no  hopes  of  finding  any  abatement  of  their  former 
 "  burdens ;  and  'tis  hard  to  perfuade  Men  to  venture  their 
 "  Lives  in  order  to  bring  themfelves  into  a  Prifon  or  Ba- 
 "  nifhment."  However,  thefe  were  the  true  reafons,  fays 
 Mr.  Baxter,  That  no  more  came  into  the  King  at  prefent ; 
 and  had  the  Prefbyterians  obferved  them  at  the  Reftoration, 
 they  had  made  better  terms  for  themfelves  than  they  did.. 
 
 The  Parliament  at  Weftminfter  were  quickly  advifed  of 
 the  King's  March,  and  by  way  of  precaution   expelled  all 
 Delinquents  out  of  the  City;   they  railed  the  Militia  ;  they 
 muftered   the   Trained  Eands,  to  the  number  of  fourteen 
 thoufand  ;  and  in  a  few  weeks  had  got  together  an  Army  of 
 near  fixty  Mioufand  brave  Soldiers.     Mr.Eachard  reprefents 
 the  Parliament  as  in  a  terrible  panick,  and  projecting  means 
 to  efcape  out  of  the  Land  ;  whereas  in  reality,  the  unhap- 
 py King  was  the  pity  of  his  Friends,  and  the  contempt  of  his 
 Enemies.     General  Cromwel  fent  an  exprefs  to  the  Parlia- 
 ment, to  h?ve  a  watchful  Eye  over  the  Prefbyterians,  who 
 were  in  confederacy  with  the  Scots,  and  told  them,   That 
 the  reafon  of  his  not   interpofing  between  the  Enemy  and 
 England  was,  becaufe  he  was  refolved  to  reduce  Scotland 
 effectually  before  Winter.     He  defired  the  Houfe  to  collect 
 their  forces  together,  and   make  the  befl  Stand  they  could 
 till  he  would  come  up   with  the  Enemy,  when  he  doubted 
 not  but  to  give  a  good  account  of    them.     At    the  fame 
 Time  he  fent  Major  General  Lambert  with  a  itrong  body 
 of  horfe  to  harrafs  the  King's  Forces,  while  himfelf,  with 
 the   body  of  the  Army,  haftened  after,  leaving  Lieutenant 
 General   Monk  with  a  fufficient  Force  to  fecure  his  Con- 
 quefls,  and  reduce  the  reft  of  the  Country,  which  he  quick- 
 ly accomplifned.     Bifhop  Burnet  fays,  there  was  an  order 
 and  difcipline  among  the  Englifh,  and  a  Face  of  Gravity 
 and  Piety  that  amazed  all  People  ;  moft  of  them  werel  nde- 
 pendants  and  Bifhops,  all  gifted  Men,  and  preached  as  they 
 were  moved,  but  never  above  once  difturbed  the  publick 
 Worfhip. 
 
 The 
 
Chap.  II.        of  the   Puritans 
 
 The  Earl  of  Derby  was  the  oniy  Nobleman  in  England 
 who  ralfed  fifteen  hundred  Men  for  the  young  King,  but  be- 
 fore  he  could  join  the  Royal  Army  he  was  defeated  by  Col. 
 Lilburn,  near  Wigan  in  Lancafhire,  and  his  Forces  entirely  Kingli 
 difperied.  The  Earl  being  wounded  retired  into  Chefhire,  VVorcfcftcr- 
 and  from  thence  got  to  the  King,  who  had  marched  his  Ar- 
 my as  far  as  Worcefter,  which  opened  its  gates,  and  gave 
 him  an  honourable  reception;  from  hence  his  MajeiTy  lent 
 Letters  to  London,  commanding  all  his  Subjects  between  the 
 age  of  fixteen  and  fixty  to  repair  to  his  Royal  Standard  ;  but 
 few  had  the  courage  to  appear,  the  Parliament  having  de- 
 clared all  fuch  rebels,  and  burnt  the  King's  fummons  by  the 
 hands  of  the  common  hangman.  His  Majefty's  affairs  were 
 now  atacrifis;  Lambert  was  in  his  rear  with  a  great  body 
 of  horfe, and  Cromwel  followed  with  ten  thoufand  foot,which, 
 together  with  the  forces  that  joined  him  by  order  of  Parlia- 
 ment, made  an  Army  of  thirty  thoufand  Men.  TheKingbeing  „  ,  f 
 unable  to  keep  the  field  fortified  the  City  of  Worcefier,  and  Worcefter. 
 encamped  almoil  under  the  walls.  Sept.  3.  Cromwel  at- 
 tacked Powick  bridge,  within  two  miles  of  the  City,  which 
 drew  out  the  King's  Forces,  and  occafioned  a  general  bat- 
 tle, in  which  his  Majefty's  Army  was  entirely  deflroyed  ; 
 four  thoufand  being  (lain,  feven  thoufand  taken  prifoners, 
 with  the  King's  Standard,  and  one  hundred  fifty  eight  Co- 
 lours. Never  was  a  greater  rout  and  difperfion,  nor  a  more 
 fatal  blow  to  the  Royal  Caufe.  The  account  which  the  Ge- 
 neral gave  to  the  Parliament  was,  "  That  the  Battle  was 
 *'  fought  with  various  fuccefs  for  fome  hours,  but  ftill  hope- 
 "  ful  on  our  part,  and  in  the  end  became  an  abfolute  vi&o- 
 *'  ry,  the  Enemy's  Army  being  totally  defeated,  and  the 
 "  Town  in  our  poffeflion,  our  Men  entering  at  the  Ene- 
 "  my's  heels,  and  fighting  with  them  in  the  Streets,  took  all 
 "  their  baggage  and  artillery.  The  difpute  was  long  and 
 "  very  often  at  pufli  of  pike  from  one  defence  to  another. 
 "  There  are  about  fix  or  feven  thoufand  Prifoners,  among 
 "  whom  are  many  Officers,  and  perfons  of  Quality.  This 
 "  for  ought  I  know,  may  be  a  crowning  Mercy."  All  pof- 
 fible  dilgence  was  ufed  to  feize  the  perfon  of  the  King; 
 it  was  declared  High  Treafon  to  conceal  him,  and  a  reward 
 of  a  thoufand  pounds  was  fet  upon  his  head  ;  but  Providence 
 ordained  his  efcape,  for  after  he  had  travelled  up  and  down, 
 the  Country  fix  or  feven  weeks,  under  various  difguifes,  in 
 company  with  one  or  two  confidents,  and  efcaped  a  thou- 
 fand dangers,  he  got  a  paffage  crofs  the  channel  at  Brigh- 
 Jhelmftone  in  Sufiex,  and  landed  at  Diepe  in  Normandy, 
 D  3  Oftob, 
 
54 
 
 Common- 
 wealth. 
 165 1. 
 
 Low  Condi- 
 tion of  the 
 King  and 
 the  Church 
 of  England 
 
 He  negkctt 
 the  Presby- 
 terians and 
 
 turns    his 
 Eyes  to- 
 wards the 
 Papifls. 
 Clar.  p. 
 444. 
 
 Kennet,  p. 
 200,  210. 
 Rapin,  p. 
 105, 
 
 The    HISTORY         Vol.  IV. 
 
 Octob.  21.  from  whence  he  travelled  by  land  to  Paris,  where 
 his  Mother  maintained  him  out  of  her  fmall  penfion  from 
 the  Court  of  France. 
 
 The  hopes  of  the  Royalifts  were  now  expiring,  for  the 
 Iflands  of  Guernfey  and  Jerfey,  with  all  the  Britifh  Plantati- 
 ons in  America,  were  reduced  this  Summer  to  the  obedi- 
 ence of  the  Parliament,  in  fo  much  that  his  Majefty  had 
 neither  Fort  nor  Cattle,  nor  a  foot  of  land  in  all  his  Domi- 
 nions. The  Liturgy  of  the  Church  of  England  was  alfo  un- 
 der a  total  eclipfe,  the  ufe  of  it  forbidden  not  only  in  Eng- 
 land, but  even  to  the  Royal  Family  in  France, which  had  hir 
 rherto  an  apartment  in  the  Louvre  feparated  to  that  purpofe  ; 
 but  after  the  battle  of  Worcefter  an  order  was  fern  from  the 
 Queen  Regent,  to  (hut  up  the  Chappel,  it  being  the  King's 
 pleafure  not  to  permit  the  excrcife  of  any  Religion  but  the 
 Roman  Catholick  in  any  of  his  Houfes ;  nor  could  Chancel- 
 lor Hyde  obtain  more  than  a  bare  promife,  that  the  Queen 
 of  England  would  vSq  her  endeavours,  that  the  Prpteftants 
 of  the  Family  fhould  have  liberty  to  exercife  their  Devotions 
 in  fome  private  room  belonging  to  the  lodgings. 
 
 Upon  the  King's  arrival  in  France  he  immediately  threw 
 off  the  mafk  of  a  Prefbyterian,  and  never  went  once  to  the 
 Proteftant  Church  at  Charenton,  though  they  invited  him  in 
 the  mo  ft  refpe&ful  manner  ;  but  Lord  Clarendon  diffuaded 
 him,  becaufe  the  Hugonots  had  not  been  hearty  in  his  Inte- 
 reft,  and  becaufe  it  might  lookdifrefpe&ful  to  the  old  Church 
 of  England  :  But,  in  truth,  there  being  no  further  profpe6f.  of 
 the  King's  Reftoration  by  the  Prefbyterian?,  the  Eyes  of  the 
 Court  were  turned  to  the  Roman  Catholicks,  and  many  of 
 his  Majefty 's  Retinue  changed  their  Religion,  as  appears  by 
 the  Legenda  Lignea,  publifhed  about  this  time,  with  a 
 lift  of  fifty  three  new  Converts,  among  whom  were  the  fol- 
 lowing Names  in  red  Capitals  ;  the  Countefs  of  Derby, 
 Lady  Kilmichin,  Lord  Cottington,  Sir  Marm.  Langdale, 
 Sir  Fr.  Doddington,  Sir  Theoph.  Gilby,  Capt.  Tho.  Cook, 
 Tho.  Vane,  D.  D.  De  Crefiy,  Preb.  of  Windfor,  Dr.  Bayly, 
 Dr.  Cofins,  jun.  D.  Goffe  ;  and  many  others,  not  to  mention 
 the  King  himfelf,  of  whom  Father  Huddlelton,  his  Confef- 
 for,  writes  in  his  Treatife,  intitled,  "  A  fhortand  plain  way 
 '5  to  the  Faith  of  the  Church,"  publifhed  1685,  that  he  put 
 it  into  the  King's  hands  in  his  retirement;  and  that  when 
 his  Majefty  had  read  it,  he  declared  he  did  not  fee  how  it 
 could  be  anfwered.  Thus  early,  favs  a  Reverend  Prelate  of 
 the  Church  of  England,  was  the  King's  advance  towards  Po- 
 pery, of  which  we  fhall  meet  with  a  fuller  Demonftration 
 hereafter.  General 
 
Chap 
 
 .  II.  of  the    Pusita  n  s.  5$ 
 
 General  Monk,  whom  Crormvel  left  in  Scotland  with  fix    Common- 
 thoufand  Men,  quickly  reduced  that  Kingdom,  which  was     ^A 
 foon  after  united   to  the  Commonwealth  of  England,  the  ■    _  — ,_^ 
 Deputies  of  the  several  Counties  confenting  to  be  governed  Low  Condi- 
 by  authority  of  Parliament,  without   a  King  or  Koufe  tif  U°V*f  tiie 
 Lords.     1  he  Power  of  the  Kirk  was  likewife  reduced  with-  of  s  otiand. 
 in  a  narrow  compafs  ;    for  though  they  had  liberty  to  ex-  Wfeiif,  p. 
 communicate   Offenders,  or  debar  them  the  Communion,  r°|'  S°4j 
 they  might  not  fei/.e  their  Eftales,  or  deprive  them  of  their 
 Civil  Rights  and  Privileges.     No  Oaths  or  Covenants  were 
 to  be  impofed  but  by  direction  from  Weftminfter  ;  and  as 
 all    fitting  encouragement   was  to    be  given  the  the  Mini- 
 flers   of  the  eftablii'hed  Kirk,  fo  others  not  fatisfied  with 
 their  Form   of  Church  Government  had   liberty   to  ferve 
 God  after  their  own  manner;  and  all  who  would  live  peace- 
 ably, and  yield  obedience  to  the  Commonwealth,  were  pro- 
 tected in  their  feveral  Perfuafions.     This  occafioned  a  great 
 Commotion   among   the  Clergy,  who  complained  of  the 
 Lofs  of  their  Covenant,  and  Churcn  Difcipline  ;    and  ex- 
 claimed  againft   the  Toleration,  as   opening  a  door  to  all 
 kinds  of  Error  and  Herefy  :  But  the  Englifh  fupported  their 
 Friends  againft  all  oppofition. 
 
 The  Laird  of  Drum  being  threatened  with  excommuni-  Englifh 
 cation,  for  fpeaking  againft    the   Kirk,    and  refufing    to  JJ"^^0" 
 fwear,  that  its  Difcipline  was  of  Divine  Authority,  fled  to  Liberty  of 
 the  Englifh  for  protection,  and   then  writ    the  Aflembly  Conference 
 word,  that  their  oppreffion  was  equal  to  that  of  the  late  Bi-  '£•  "[ 
 fhops,  but  that  the  Commonwealth  of  England  would  not  Whiti.  p.* 
 permit  them  to  enflave  the  Confidences  of  Men  any  longer.  5eo»  5°5> 
 The  Preibytery  would  have  proceeded  to  extremities   with  5I5' 
 him,  but  Monk  brandifhed  his  Sword  over  their  heads,  and 
 threatened   to  treat   them  as  Enemies  to  the  State,  upon 
 which  they  defifted  for  the  prefent.     Soon  after  this,  Com- 
 miffioners  chiefly  of  the  Independant  Perfuafion,  were  fent 
 into  Scotland,  to  vifit  the  Univerfities,  and  to  fettle  Liber- 
 ty of  Conference  in    that  Kingdom,  againft  the  coercive 
 claim  of  the  Kirk,  by  whofe  Influence  a  Declaration  was 
 pre  fen  ted  to  the  Affembly  at  Edinburgh,  July  26,  in  favour 
 of  the  "  Congregational  Difcipline,  and  for  Liberty  of  Con- 
 li.  fcience ;"    but  the  ftubborn  Affembly  Men,  inftead   of 
 yielding  to   the  Declaration,  publifhed  a  Paper,  called  "  A 
 "  Teftimony  againft  the  prefent  encroachments  of  the  Ci- 
 *'  vil  Power  upon  the  Ecclefiaftical  Jurifdi6fion,"  occafioned 
 by  a  Proclamation  of  the  Englifh  Commiffioners  appointing 
 a  Committee  for  vihting  their  Univerfities,  which  they  take 
 D  4  to 
 
State  of 
 Scot!  ''id. 
 f.   ci. 
 
 AG  of  In- 
 demnity, 
 and  a  new 
 Council  cf 
 State. 
 
 The  HISTORY      Vol.  IV. 
 
 to  be  a  fpecial  Flower  of  the  Kirk  Prerogative.     The  Sy- 
 nod of  Fife  alfo  proterted  againft  the  publick  Refolutions  of 
 the  Civil  Power,  but  the  Sword  of  the  Englifli  kept  them 
 in  awe  ;    for  when    the  Synod  of  Perth  cited   before  them 
 feveral    perfons  for  flighting  the  Admonitions  of  the  Kirk, 
 Mr.  Whitlock  fays,  that  upon  the  day  of  appearance   their 
 Wives,  to  the  number  of  about  one  hundred  and  twenty, 
 with  clubs  in  their  hands,  came  and  befieged  the  Church 
 where  the  Synod  fat  ;    that  they  abufed  one  of  the  Mini- 
 flers  who  was  fent  out  to  treat  with  them,  and   threatened 
 to  excommunicate  them  ;  and  that  they  beat  the  Clerk  and 
 difperfed  the  Affembly  ;  upon  which  thirteen  of  the  Mini- 
 fters  met  at  a  Village  about  four  miles  diftant,  and  having 
 agreed  that  no  more  Synods  mould  be  held  in  that  place, 
 they  pronounced  the  Village  accurfed.     When  the   General 
 Affembly  met  again  at  Edinburgh  next  Summer,  and  were 
 juft  entering   upon  Bufinefs,  Lieutenant   Colonel    Cotterel 
 went  into  the  Church,  and  Handing  up  upon  one  of  the 
 Benches,  told  them,  that  no  Ecclefiaflical  Judicatories  were 
 to  fit   there,  but  by  authority  of  the    Parliament  of  Eng- 
 land ;  and  without  giving  them  leave  to  reply,  he  command- 
 ed them  to   retire,  and  conducted   them  out  of  the  Weft 
 Gate  of  the  City  with  a  Troop  of  Horfe  and  a  Company  of 
 Foot ;    and  having  taken  away  the  Commimons  from  their 
 feveral  ClafTes,  enjoined  them  not  to  aflemble  any  more  a- 
 bove  three  in  a  company. 
 
 But  with  all  thcfe  Commotions,  Bilhop  Burnet  obferves, 
 that  the  Country  was  kept  in  great  order;  the  Garrifons  in  the 
 Highlands  obferved  an  exact  Dilcipline,  and  were  well  paid, 
 which  brought  fo  much  Money  into  the  Kingdom,  that  it 
 continued  all  the  time  of  the  Ufurpation  in  a  flourishing 
 condition  ;  Juilice  was  carefully  administered,  and  Vice  was 
 fuppreffed  and  punifhed  ;  there  was  a  great  appearance  of 
 Devotion  ;  the  Sabbath  was  obferved  with  uncommon  ftricT:- 
 nefs  ;  none  might  walk  the  Streets  in  time  of  Divine  Service, 
 nor  freOjiient  publick  houfes ;  the  evenings  of  the  Lord's 
 days  were  fpent  in  catechifing  their  Children,  finging  Pfalms, 
 and  other  acts  of  family  Devotion,  in  fo  much  that  an  ac- 
 quaintance with  the  Principles  of  Religion,  and  the  Gift  of 
 Prayer,  encreafed  prodigioufly  among  the  common  People. 
 
 The  War  being  now  at  an  end  the  Parliament  publifh- 
 ed  an  Aft  of  Indemnity  for  all  crimes  committed  before 
 June  30.  1648.  except  Pyrates,  Iriih  Rebels,  the  Murderers 
 of  Dr.  Doriflaus,  and  Mr.  Afcham,  and  fome  others,  pro- 
 vided they-laid  hold  of  it,  and  took  the  engagement  before 
 
 Feb. 
 
Chap.  II.  of  the  Purita  n  s.  §j 
 
 Feb.  i.  1652.     In   the  clofe  of  the  }ear  thev  cfiofe  a  new  Common- 
 Council  of  State  out  cf  their  awn  Body   for  the  next   Year,     WJ6<J. 
 
 and   continued   thcmfelves,    inftead  of  diffolving,  and  giving  v \fmj 
 
 way  to  a  new  Parliament ;  the  neglect  of  which  was  their  Ruin. 
 
 On  the  26th  of  Sept.  Lieutenant  General  Ireton  died  at  Death  of 
 Limerick,  in  Ireland,   after  he  had  reduced  that  City  to  the  J"  G- 
 Obedience  of   the  Commonwealth.     He   was  bred   to  the 
 Law,  and  was  a  Perfon  of  great  Integrity,  bold   and  coura- 
 geous in  all  his  Enterprizes,  and  never   tube   diverted   from 
 what  he  thought. juft  and  right  by  any  Arguments  or   Perfua- 
 fions.     He  was  a  thorough  Commonwealths   Man.     Bifhop  P-  4^. 
 Burnet  fays,  he  had  the  Principles  and  Temper  of  a  Caffius, 
 and  was  moit  liberal  in  employing  his  Purie,  and  hazarding 
 bis  Perfon  in  the  Service  of  the  Publick.     Ke  died   in  the 
 midft  of  Life  of  a  burning  Fe\er,  after  ten   Days   ficknefs. 
 His  Body  being  brought  over  into  England  u  as  laid  in  State 
 at  Somerfet  Houfe,  and  buried  in  Wcftminftei- Abbey,  with 
 a  Pomp  and  Magnificence  fuited  to  the  Dignity  of  his  Station  ; 
 but  after   the    Relloration   of    the   Royal  Family,  his  Body 
 was -taken  out  of  the  Grave  with  Cronnvel's  and  buried  un- 
 der the  Gallows. 
 
 About  the  fame  Time  died  Mr.  Francis  Woodcock,   bora  Death  of 
 in  Chefter,   1613.  and   educated   at    Brazen  Nofe   College,  Mr.  Wood  - 
 Pxford,  where  he  took  a  Degree  in  Arts,  enter'd  into  Or-  c°ck'  Atlu 
 dcrs,  and  had  a  Cure  of  Souls  beftowed  upon  him.     In  the 
 Beginning  of  the  Civil  Wars  he  fided   with  the   Parliament, 
 and  was  one  of  the  Affembly  of  Divines,  being  then   Lec- 
 turer of  St.  Lawrence  Jewry.     He  was  afterwards,   by  Or- 
 dinance of  Parliament  dated  July  10.1646.  made  Parfon  of 
 St.  Olaves,  Southwark  ;   having  the  Efteem  of  being  a  good 
 Scholar,  and  an  excellent  Preacher.     He  died  in  the  midft  of 
 his  Days  and  Ufefuluefs,  aetatis  38. 
 
 Mr.  George  Walker  proceeded  B.  D.  in  St.  John's  College,  Of  Mr. 
 Cambridge  :   He  was  famous  for  his  Skill  in  the  Oriental  Lan-  Hf°,16e 
 
 Walker 
 
 guages,  and  was  an  excellent  Logician  and  Theologift ;  be-  Eachard. 
 ing  very  much  noted  for  his  Deputations  with  the  Jefuit 
 Fifher,  and  others  of  the  Romifh  Church  ;  and  afterwards, 
 for  his  ltrift  Sabbatarian  Principles.  He  was  one  of  the 
 Affembly  of  Divines,  where  he  gain'd  great  Reputation  by 
 his  munificent  and  publick  Behaviour. 
 
 Mr.  Thomas  Wilfon  was  born  in  Cumberland  1601.  and  of  Mv- 
 educated  in  Chrift's  College,  Cambridge,  where  he  proceeded  w,,fon- 
 in  Arts.     He  was  firft  Minifter  of  Capel  in  Surrey,  and  af- 
 ter feveral  other  Removes  fixed  at  Maidftone  in  Kent,  where 
 he  was  fulpended  for  refufing  to  read  the  Book  of  Sports,  and 
 
 not 
 
The  HISTORY        Vol.  IV. 
 
 not  abfolved  till  the  Scots  Troubles  in  1639.  In  1643,  he 
 was  appointed  one  of  the  Aflembly  of  Divines  at  W  eitmin- 
 fter,  being  reputed  a  good  Linguift,  and  well  read  in  ancient 
 and  modern  Authors.  He  was  of  a  robuft  Constitution,  and 
 took  vafr.  Pains  in  preaching  and  catechifing ;  he  had  a  great 
 deal  of  natural  Courage,  and  was  in  every  refpect  a  chearful 
 and  active  Chriftian,  but  he  trefpafTed  too  much  upon  his 
 Conftitution,  which  wore  him  out  when  he  was  little  more 
 than  fifty  Years  old.  He  died  comfortably  and  chearfully 
 towards  the  End  of  the  Year  1651.  Sir  Edward  Deering 
 gr.ve  him  this  Character  in  the  Houfe  of  Commons  ;  ",  Mr. 
 *'  Wilfon  is  a9  Orthodox  in  Doctrine,  and  Laborious  in 
 "  Preaching,  as  any  we  have,  and  of  an  unblemifhed  Life." 
 1652.  Yhe  Terms  "of  Conformity  in  England    were  now  lower 
 
 Jj  o  w    I  c  r  m  $ 
 
 of  Confor-    tnan  they  had  been  fines  the  Beginning  of   the   Civil  Wars  ; 
 
 mity.  the  Covenant  was  laid  afide,  and  no  other  Civil  Qualification 
 
 for  a  Living  required,  but  the  Engagement,  fo  that  many 
 Epilcopal  Divines  complied  with  the  Government  j  for -tho> 
 they  might  not  read  the  Liturgy  in  form,  they  might  frame 
 their  Prayers  as  near  as  they  pleafed.  Many  Epifcopal  Con- 
 venticles were  connived  at,  where  the  Liturgy  was  read,  till 
 they  were  found  plotting  againft  the  (  overnment;  nor 
 would  they  have  been  denied  an  open  Toleration,  if  they 
 would  have  given   Security   for  their  peace.ibie   Behaviour, 
 
 Petiiion        arc^  not  meddling  w^h  Politicks. 
 
 agamft  The   Parliament  having   voted  in    the    Year   1649.   tnat 
 
 Tnhcs.  Tithes  mould  be  taken  away  as  foon  as  another  Maintenance 
 for  the  Clergy  could  be  agreed  upnn,  federal  Petitions  came 
 o-.;t  of  the  Country,  praying  the  Houfe  to  bring  this  Affair 
 to  an  Hfue :  One  advifed,  that  all  the  Tithes  over  the 
 whole  Kingdom  might  be  collected  into  a  Treafury,  and  that 
 the  Mintftcrs  might  be  paid  their  Salaries  out  of  it.  Others 
 looking  upon  Tithes  unlawful,  would  have  the  Livings  va- 
 lued, and  the  Parif!)  engaged  to  pay  theMinifier.  This  was 
 iufpected  60  come  from  the  Sectaries,  and  awaken'd  the 
 Fears  of  the  Eitablifh'd  Clergy.  Mr.  Baxter  printed  the 
 Worcester  Petition  on  the  Behalf  of  the  Minifters,  which 
 w'as  preferred  to  the  Houfe  by  Colonel  Bridges  and  Mr. 
 Foley;  and  Mh  Be  reman,  B.  D.  and  Fellow  of  Trinity 
 College,  Cambridge,  pubiifhed,  "  The  Country  Man's 
 «'  Catfechifm;  or,  the  Church's  Plea  for  Tithes ;?'  dedicated 
 to  the  Nobility,  Gentry,  and  Commons  of  the  Realm  ; 
 in  which  he  infills  upon  their  Divine  Right,  but  the  Clergy 
 were  more  afraid  than  hurt ;  for  though  the  Commons  were 
 of  OpSn&n  with  Mr.  Seidell,  that  Tithes  were  abolifhed  with 
 
 the 
 
 Life, 
 
Chap.  II.       of  the  P  u  r  i  t  a  n  s. 
 
 the  old  Law,  yet  the  Committee  not  agreeing  upon  an  Ex- 
 pedient to  fatisfy  the  Lay- Impropriators,  the  Affair  was 
 dropt  for  the  prefent. 
 
 Upon  Complaint  of  the  Expence  and  Tedioufnefs  of  Law  Attempts  t» 
 Suits,  it  was  moved  in  the  Houfe,    That    Courts   of  Juflice  rLe^  g*itg> 
 might  be  fettled  in   every    County,  and    maintained   at   the 
 publick  Charge;  and  that  all  Controverlles  between  Man  and 
 Man  might  be  heard   and  determined  free,  according   to  the 
 Laws  of  the  Land  ;   and  that  Clerks  of  all  Courts  and  Com- 
 mittees might  do  their  Duty  without    delay,    cr  taking  any 
 Thing  more  than  their  fettled  Fees.      Accordingly   a   Com- 
 mittee was  appointed  to  confider  of  the  Inconveniencies  and 
 Delays  of  Law  Suits,  and  how  they  might  be  remedied 
 The  Committee    came    to    feveral   Refolutions  upon   this 
 Head  ;  but  the  DifTblution  of  the  Parliament,    which  began 
 with  the  next  Year,  prevented  their  bringing  it  to  Perfection. 
 
 An  Act  had  paffed  in  the  Year  1649.  for  propagating  the  Propagation 
 Gofpel  in  Wales ;    and  Commiilioners  were  appointed   for  °n  Wales/' 
 ejecting  ignorant  and  fcandalous  Minifters,  and  placing  others 
 in  their  Room  ;    purfuant   to  which,  Mr.  Whirlock  writes,  p.  518. 
 *l  That  by  this  Time  there  were  one  Hundred  and  fifty  good 
 *'  Preachers  in  the  thirteen  Welch  Counties,  mod  of  whom 
 "  preached  three  or  four  Times  a  Week;    that  in    every 
 "  Market  Town  there  was  placed  one  ;  and  in  moft   great 
 "  Towns  two  School- Mailers,  able,  learned,  and  Univerfi- 
 "  ty  Men  ;  that  the  Tithes  were  all  employed  to   the   Ufes 
 <c  directed  by   Act  of   Parliament ;  that  is  to   the  Main- 
 *'  tenance  of  Godly  Minifters ;  to  the  Payment  of  Taxes 
 ?'  and  Officers ;  to   School- Matters  ;    and  the  Fifths  to  the 
 "  Wives  and  Children  of  the  ejected  Clergy:"    Of  which 
 we  mall  meet  with  a  more  particular  Relation  in  its  proper  Place. 
 
 The  Commonwealth  was  now  very  powerful,  and    the  state  of  the 
 Nation  in  as  flourishing  a   Condition  (fays  Mr.  Rapin)  as  Common- 
 under  Queen  Elizabeth.     The  Form  of  Government  indeed  *T^* 
 was  alter'd   contrary  to   Law,  and  without  Confent  of  the 
 People,  the  Majority  of  whom  were  difafFected,  preferring  a 
 mixed  Monarchy  to   an  abfolute   Commonwealth ;   but  the 
 Administration  was  in  the  Hands  of  the  ableft  Men   England 
 had  beheld  for  a  long  while ;    all  their  Enemies  were  in  a 
 Manner  fubdued,  and  the  two   Kingdoms  incorporated  into 
 one  Commonwealth  :  But  ftill  there  were  two  Things   that 
 gave  them  Uneafinefs ;  one  was  the  growing  Power  of  the 
 Army,  which  were  now  at  leifure,  and   expected  Rewards 
 fuitable  to  their  SuccefTes.      The  other,  the  Neceflity  they 
 were  under  to  diJTolve  themfelves  in  a  little  Time,  and  put  the 
 Power  into  other  Hands.  With 
 
6o 
 
 Common- 
 wealth. 
 
 1652. 
 
 Quirrel  be 
 
 twcen  the 
 Psr  lament 
 and  Arniv. 
 
 The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y         Vol.  IV. 
 
 With  regard  to  the  Army,  it  was  refolved  to  reduce  the 
 Land  Forces,  and  augment  the  Fleet  with  them,  in  order  to 
 fecure  the  Nation  againft:  the  Dutch  ;  for  the  Parliament  hav- 
 ing a  Defire  to  ftrengthen  their  Hands,  by  uniting  with  the 
 Commonwealth  of  Holland,  fent  over  Oliver  St.  John,  and 
 Sir  Walter  Strickland,  with  Propofals  for  this  Purpofe  ;  but 
 the  Dutch  treated  them  with  Neglect,  as  their  younger  Sif- 
 ter, which  the  Parliament  relenting,  demanded  Satisfaction 
 for  the  Damages  the  Englifli  had  fuftained  at  Amboyna,  and 
 other  Parts  of  the  Eafl  Indies;  and  to  cramp  them  in 
 their  Trade,  part  the  famous  Act  of  Navigation,  "  prohibi- 
 "  ting  the  importing  Goods  of  foreign  Growth  in  any  but 
 "  Englifh  Bottoms ;  or  fuch  as  were  of  the  Country  from 
 "  whence  they  came."  Upon  this  the  Dutch  fent  over  Am- 
 baffadors,  defiring  a  Claufe  of  Exception  for  themfelves, 
 who  were  the  Carriers  of  Europe  ;  but  the  Parliament  in 
 their  Turn  treated  tliem  coldly,  and  put  them  in  mind  of  the 
 Murder  of  their  Envoy  Dr.  Doriflaus.  Both  Common- 
 wealths being  duTatisfied  with  each  other,  prepared  for  War  ; 
 and  Van  Trump,  the  Dutch  Admiral,  with  a  Convoy  of 
 ...  Merchant  Men,  meeting  Admiral  Blake  in  the  Channel,  and 
 refilling  him  the  Flag,  an  Engagement  enfued,  May  17. 
 which  continued  four  Hours,  till  the  Night  patted  them. 
 The  Dutch  excufed  the  Accident,  as  done  without  their 
 Knowledge  ;  but  the  Parliament  was  lb  enraged,  that  they 
 refolved  to  humble  them.  In  thele  Circum fiances  it  was 
 thought  reafonable  to  augment  the  Fleet  from  the  Land 
 Forres,  who  had  nothing  to  do,  and  would  in  a  little  Time 
 be  a  Burden  to  the  Nation. 
 
 Cromwcl,  who  was  at  the  Head  of  the  Army,  quickly 
 difcovered,  that  the  Continuance  of  the  War  rauft  be  his, 
 Ruin,  by  difarmins;  him  of  his  Power,  and  reducing  him 
 from  a  great  General  to  the  Condition  of  a  private  Gentle- 
 man. Belides,  Mr.  Rapin  obferves,  that  he  had  private  In- 
 formation of  a  Confpiracy  againfl  his  Life  ;  and  without  all 
 Qucftion,  if  the  Army  had  not  agreed  to  ftand  by  their  Ge- 
 neral his  Ruin  had  been  unavoidable;  the  Officers  therefore 
 determined  to  ftand  by  one  another,  arvd  not  fuffer  their  Men 
 to  be  difbanded,  or  fent  to  Sea,  till  the  Arrears  of  the  whole 
 Army  were  paid  ;  for  this  Purpofe  they  prefented  a  Petition 
 to  the  Houfe,  which  they  relented,  and  infiead  of  giving  them 
 £ >ft  Language,  and  Encouragement  to  hope  for  fome  fuitable 
 Rewards  for  their  pall  Services,  ordered  them  to  be  repri- 
 manded, for  prefumiflg  to  meddle  in  Affairs  of  State  that 
 did  no!  belong  to  them.      But  the  Officers  were  as   re- 
 
 folute 
 
Chap.  II.        of  the  Puritans*  64 
 
 folute  as    their  Superiors,  and  inflead     of  fubmitting,  pre-  Cmmoon 
 
 1652 
 
 fented  another  Petition,  in  which,  having  juftified  their  Be- 
 
 haviour, they  boldly  flrike  at  the  Parliament's  Continu- 
 ance, and  put  them  in  mind  how  many  Years  they  had  fat ; 
 that  they  had  engrofTed  all  Preferments  and  Places  of  Profit 
 to  themfclves  and  their  Friends  ;  that  it  was  a  manifefl  Inju- 
 ry to  the  Gentlemen  of  the  Nation  to  be  excluded  the  Service 
 of  their  Country,  and  an  Invafion  of  the  Rights  of  the 
 People  to  deprive  them  of  the  Right  of  frequent  choofingnew 
 Reprefentatives ;  they  therefore  infill  upon  their  fettling  a 
 new  Council  of  State  for  the  Administration  of  publick  Af- 
 fairs; and  upon  their  fixing  a  peremptory  Day  for  the 
 choice  of  a  new  Parliament. 
 
 Here  was  a  new  Crifis  of  Affairs  ;  the  Civil  and  Military  Remark?. 
 Powers  being  engaged  againft  each  other,  and  refolved  to 
 maintain  their  feveral  Pretentions  :  If  Cromwel,  with  the 
 Sword  in  his  Hand,  had  fecured  the  Election  of  a  free  Re- 
 prefentative  of  the  People,  and  left  the  Settlement  of  the  Na- 
 tion to  them,  all  Men  would  have  blefled  him,  for  the  People 
 were  certainly  weary  of  the  Parliament,  but  when  the  Offi- 
 cers had  pulled  down  this  form  of  Government,  they  were 
 not  agreed  what  to  fet  up  in  its  room,  whether  a  Monarchy, 
 or  a  new  Republick  ;  the  General  being  for  a  mixed  Mo- 
 narchy, had,  no  doubt,  fome  ambitious  views  to  himfelf,  and 
 therefore  called  together  fome  felect  Friends  of  feveral  Pro-  D  , 
 feffions  to  advife  on  the  Affair,  when  Sir  Tho.  Widdrington,  about  a 
 Lord  Chief  Juftice  St.  John,  and  the  reft  of  the  Lawyers,  new  Form 
 declared  for  Monarchy,  as  molt  agreeable  to  the  old  Conflitu- 
 tion,  and  propofed  the  Duke  of  Gloucefter  for  King ;  but 
 the  Officers  of  the  Army  then  prefent  were  for  a  Republick. 
 Cromwel  himfelf,  after  much  hclltation,  gave  his  opinion  for 
 fomething  of  a  Monarchical  Power,  as  molt  agreeable  to  the 
 Genius  of  the  Englifh,  if  it  might  be  accomplished  with  Safety 
 to  their  Rights  and  Privileges  as  Englifh  Men  and  Chn'ftians. 
 
 Some  time  after  Gomvel    defired  Mr.   Whitlock's  O-Cr0mWei's 
 pinion  upon  the  prefent  Situation  ol  Affairs :  "  My  Lord  ambitious 
 "  (fays  he)  'tis  time  to  confider  of  our  prefent    Danger,  that  Pre(1.gns' 
 "  we  may  not  be  broken  in  pieces  by  our  particular  Quar-  S2^ 
 "  rels  after  we   have   gained  an  intire   Conqueft   over  the 
 "  Enemy."     Whitlock  replied,  "  That    all   their   danger 
 *c  was  from  the   Army,  who  were  Men  of  emulation,  and 
 *'  had  now  nothing  to  do."    Cromwel  anfwcr'd,  "■  That  the 
 •5  Officers  thought  themfelves  not    rewarded  according    to 
 "  their  deferts   ;    that  the   Parliament    had   engrofTed    all 
 "  Places  of  Honour  and  Trull  among  themfelves  ;  that  they 
 
 delayed 
 
 of  Govern- 
 ment. 
 
62 
 
 The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y 
 
 Vol  IV. 
 
 Common 
 wealth. 
 1652.' 
 
 delayed  the  publick  Bufinefs,  and  defigned  to  perpetuate 
 themfeives  ;  that  the  Officers   thought  it  impoffible  to 
 keep  them  within  the  Bounds  of"  Juitice,  Law,  or  Rea- 
 fon,  unlefs  there  was  fome  Authority  or  Power  to  which 
 they  might  be   accountable."     Whitlock  faid,    u    He  be- 
 "  lieved  the  Parliament  were  honed  Men,  and  defigned  the 
 "  publick  Good,  though  fome  particular  Perfons  might  be 
 "  to  blame,  but  that   it   was  abfurd  for  the  Officers,  who 
 "  were  private  Men,  and  had   received   their  Commiffions 
 "  from  the  Parliament,    to   pretend    to  controul    them." 
 But,  fays  Cromwel,  "  what  if  a  Man  mould  take  upon  him 
 "  to  be   King  ?"    Whitlock  anfwered,  u  That  the  remedy 
 "  was  worfe  than  the  difeafe  ;  and  that  the  General  had  al- 
 "  ready  all  the  Power  of  a  King  without  the  envy,  danger^ 
 "  and  pomp  of  the  Title."     But,  fays  he,  "  the  Title  of 
 "  King  would  make  all  Acls  done  by  him  legal  ;  it  would 
 "  indemnify  thofe  that  fhould  act  under  him  at  all  events, 
 "  and  be  of  advantage  to  curb  the  Infolence  of  thofe  whom 
 "  the   prefent  Powers  could  not  controul."     Whitlock  a- 
 greed  to  the  General's  Reafons,  but  defired  him  to  confidery 
 "  Whether  the  Title  of  King  would  not  lofe  him  his  beft 
 "  Friends  in  the  Army,  as  well  as  thofe  Gentlemen  who 
 "  were  for  fettling  in  a  free  Commonwealth ;  but  if  we 
 "  muff,  have  a  King  (fays  he)  the  Queftion  will  be,  Whe- 
 "  ther  it  will  be  Cromwel  or  Stuart  ?"    The  General  afk- 
 ing  his  opinion  upon  this,  Whitlock  propofed  a  private  Trea- 
 ty with  the  King  of  Scots,  with  whom  he  might  make  his 
 own  Terms,  and  raife  his  family  to  what  pitch  of  Great- 
 nefs  he  pleafed  ;  but  Cromwel  was  fo  apprehenfive  of  the 
 danger  of  this  Propofal,  that  he  broke  off  the  converfation 
 with  fome  marks  of  diiTatisfa&ion,  and  never  made  ule  of 
 Whitlock  with  confidence  afterwards. 
 ,653-  Thus  things  continued  throughout  the  whole  Winter;  the 
 
 Cromwel  Army  having  little  to  do  after  the  battle  of  Worcefter  drew 
 i'^p5  y*e  near  t0  London,  but  there  was  no  Treaty  af  Accommoda- 
 jnen'J.  tion  between  them  and  the  Parliament ;    one  would  not  dif- 
 
 band  without  their  full  pay ;  nor  the  other  diflblve  by  the 
 direction  of  their  own  Servants,  but  voted  the  filling  up 
 their  numbers,  and  that  it  mould  be  High  Treafon  to  peti- 
 tition  for  their  diflblution.  When  the  General  heard  this* 
 he  called  a  Council  of  Officers  toWhitehell,who  all  agreed, 
 u  That  it  was  not  fit  the  Parliament  fhould  continue  any  Ion' 
 "  ger."  This  was  publifhed  in  hopes  of  frightning  the 
 Houfe  to  make  fome  advances  towards  a  difTolution  ;  but 
 when  Colonel  Ingoldfby  informed  the  General  next  Morn- 
 ing* 
 
Chap.  II.       of  the  Purit  a  n  s.  63 
 
 jng,  that  they  were  concluding  upon  an  Act  to  prolong  their    Common- 
 Seifion  for  another  year,  he  rofe  up  in  a  heat,  and  with  a     *tf  '  ' 
 fma'l  Retinue  of  Officers  and  Soldiers  marched  to  the  Parlia-  t^^yy^j 
 raent  Honfe,  April  20.  and  having  placed  his  Men  without 
 doers,  went   into  the  Houfe  and  heard  their  Debates.     Af- 
 ter fome  time  he  beckoned  to  Colonel  Harrifon,  on  the  other 
 fide  of  the  Houfe,  and  told  him  in  his  ear,  That  he  thought 
 the  Parliament  was   ripe  for  diffolution,  and  that  this  was 
 the  time  for/doing  it.     Harrifon  replied,  That  the  work  was 
 dangerous,  and  defired  him  to  think  better  of  it.      Upon 
 this  he  fat  down  about  a  quarter  of  an  hour,  and  then  faid, 
 "  This  is  the  time  I  mull  do  it ;"  and  rifingup  in  his  place, 
 he  told  the  Houfe,  That  he  was  come  to  put  an  end  to  their 
 Power,of  which  they  had  made  fo  illanufe;  that  fome  of  them 
 were  whore-malters,  looking  towards  Harry  Martin  and  Sir 
 Peter  Wentworth  ;  others  were  drunkards,  and  fome  cor- 
 rupt, and  unjuft  Men,  who  had   not   at  heart  the  publick 
 Good,  but  were  only   L>v   perpetuating  their  own   Power. 
 Upon  the  whole,  he  thought  they  had  fat  long  enough,  and 
 therefore  defued  them  to  retire  and  go  away.     When  fome 
 of  the  Members  began  to  reply,  he  ftept  into  the  middle  of 
 the  Houfe,  and  faid,  "  Come,  come,  I  will  put  an  end  to 
 *.'  your  prating ;  You   are  no  Parliament  ;  I  fay  you  are 
 *.'  no    Parliament   ; "     and    fhmping    with    his    foot,    a 
 file  of  mufqueteers  entered  the  Houfe ;  one  of  whom  he 
 commanded  to  take  away   that   fool's   bauble    the   Mace. 
 And  Mafor  Harrifon  taking  the  Speaker  by  the  Arm  con- 
 ducted him  out  of  the  Chair.     Cromwel  then  feizing  upon 
 their  papers  obliged  them  to  walk  out  of  the  Houfe  ;  and 
 having  caufed  the  doors  to  be  locked  after  them  returned  to 
 Whitehall. 
 
 In  the  afternoon  the  General  went  to  the  Council  of  Slate,  And  difmil- 
 attended  by  Major  Gereral  Lambert  and  Harrifon,  and  as  p  the.     f 
 he  entered   the  room,  faid,  "Gentlemen,  If  you  are  met  state. 
 *•'  here  as  private  perfonsyou  lhall  not  be  diiturbed,  but  if  as 
 *'  a  Council  of  State  this  is  no  place  for  you  ;  and  fince  you 
 "  cannot    but   know    what   was  done  in   the  morning,  fo 
 "  take  notice  the  Parliament  is  diflblved."      Serjeant  Brad- 
 fhaw  replied,  "  Sir,  We  have  heard  what  you  did  in  the 
 tf  morning,  but  you  are  mifraken   to  think  the  Parliament 
 "  is  diffolved,  for  no  Power  can   diffolve  them   but  them- 
 "  felves  ;  therefore  take  notice  of  that."     But  the  General 
 not  being  frighted  with  big  words,  the  Council  thought  it 
 their  wifefr  way  to  rife  up  and  go  home. 
 
 Thus 
 
64  The  H  I  S  T  0  R  Y  Vol.  IV. 
 
 Common-        Thus  ended  the  Commonwealth  of  England,  after  it  had 
 ""-i  '     continued  four  years,   two  months,  and  twenty  days,  which 
 %^~~v~mmj  though  no  better  than  an  Ufurpation,  had  raifed  the  credit 
 <  haraaerof  of  the  Nation  to  a  very  high  pitch  of  Glory  and  Renown  ; 
 toe  Com-      anc|  wj ^  tjie  Commonwealth  ended  the  remains  of  the  Long- 
 Parliament  for   the  prefent  ;  an  Affembly  famous  through- 
 out all  the  world  for   its  Undertakings,  Actions,    and  Suc- 
 Detea.  p.     cefl"es  :  '*  The  A£h  of  this  Parliament  (fays  Mr.  Coke)  wilt 
 363.            "  hardly  find  belief  in  future  ages  ;  and  to  fay  the  truth,' 
 "  they  were  a  race  of  Men  moll  indefatigable  and  induftri- 
 *'  ous  in  bufinefs,  always  feeking  Men  fit  for  it,  and  never 
 '•'  preferring  any  for  Favour  or  Importunity  :  You  hardly 
 "  ever  heard  of  any  revolt  from  them  ;  no  Soldiers  or  Sea- 
 "  men  being  ever  preiled.     And  as  they  excelled  in  Civif 
 "  Affairs,  fo  it  muff,  be  confeffed,  they  exercifed  in  Mat- 
 u  ters  Ecclefiaflical  no  fuch  feverities  as  others  before  them' 
 "  did  upon  fuch  as  diffented  from  them." 
 Remarks^      But  their   foundation   was  bad,  and  many  of  their  acK- 
 of  Govern-  ons  highly  criminal  ;  they  were  a  packed  AfTembly,  many 
 Bient.           of  their  Members   being   excluded  by  force,  before  they 
 could  be  fecure  of  a  Vote  to  put  the  late  King  to  death — 
 They  fubverted  the  Conftitution,  by  fetting  up  themfelves,' 
 and  continuing  their  Seffions  after  his   Majefty's  Demife — 
 By  erefting  high  Courts  of  Juflice  of  their  own  nominati- 
 on for  Capital  Offences By  raifing  Taxes,  and  doing  all 
 
 other  aefs  of  Sovereignty  without  confent  of  the  People  ; 
 all  which  they  defigned  to  perpetuate  among  themfelves, 
 without  being  accountable  to  any  Superior,  or  giving  place 
 to  a  new  Body  of  Reprefentatives.  If  then  it  be  inquired, 
 What  Right  or  Authority  General  Cromwel  and  his  Offi- 
 cers had  to  offer  violence  to  this  Parliament,  it  may  be  re- 
 plied, 1.  The  Right  of  Self-prefervation,  the  ruin  of  one 
 or  the  other  being  unavoidable.  2.  The  right  that  every 
 Englifh  Man  has  to  put  an  end  to  an  Ufurpation  when  'tis 
 in  his  Power,  provided  he  can  fubflitute  fomething  better 
 in  its  room  ;  and  if  Cromwel  could  by  this  method  have  re- 
 flored  the  Conftitution,  and  referred  the  Settlement  of  the 
 Government  to  a  free  and  full  Representative  of  the  People, 
 no  wife  Man  would  have  blamed  him.  It  was  not  therefore 
 his  turning  out  the  old  Parliament  that  was  criminal,  but  his 
 not  fummoning  a  new  one,  by  a  fair  and  free  Election  of  the 
 j .  £S.  People  ;  and  yet  Mr.  Rapin  is  of  opinion,  that  even  this  was 
 
 impracticable, there  being  three  oppofite  Interefts  in  the  Na- 
 tion ;  the  Republicans,  who  were  for  an  abfolute  Common- 
 wealth; the  Prelbyterians,  who  were  for  reftoring  things  to 
 
 the 
 
Chap.  II.         of  the  P  u  R  I  t  a  n  s.  65 
 
 the  Condition  they  were  in,  in  1648,  and  the  Cavaliers, .  Common. 
 who  were  for  fetting  the  King  upon  the  Throne,  as  before  ^'^ 
 the  Civil  Wars ;  it  was  by  no  means  poffible  (fays  he)  to  re-  ,_,  -  ,y 
 concBe  the  three  Parties,  and  if  they  had  been  let  loofe  they 
 would  have  deftroyed  each  other,  and  thrown  the  whole  Na- 
 tion into  blood  and  confufion  ;  nothing  therefore  but  giving 
 a  forcible  fuperiority  to  one  was  capable  to  hold  the  other 
 two  in  fubjedtion.  The  King  was  no  way  interefted  in  the  lb.  p.  i4>, 
 change,  for  it  was  not  Charles  Stuart,but  a  Republican  Ufur- 
 pation  that  was  difpoffefTedof  the  fupreme  Power.  If  the  Ge- 
 neral had  failed  in  his  defign,  and  loft  his  life  in  the  attempt, 
 the  King  would  have  received  no  manner  of  advantage,  for 
 the  Nation  was  by  no  means  difpofed  to  reftore  him  at  this 
 time.  Suppofing  it  was  not  practicable  to  choofe  a  free  Par- 
 liament, nor  fit  to  let  the  old  one  perpetuate  themfelves, 
 Oliver  Cromwel  had  no  other  choice,  but  to  abandon  the 
 State  ;  or  to  take  the  Adminiftration  upon  himfelf ;  or  put 
 it  into  the  hands  of  fome  other  perfon  that  had  no  better 
 a  Title.  How  far  private  ambition  took  place  of  the  pub- 
 lick  good,  in  the  choice,  muft  be  left  to  the  Judgment  of 
 every  Reader;  but  if  it  was  neceflary  that  there  mould  be 
 a  Supreme  Authority,  capable  of  commanding  obedience, 
 it  cannot  be  denied,  but  that  General  Cromwel  was  more  ca- 
 pable to  govern  the  State  in  fuch  a  Storm,  than  any  Man 
 then  living.  No  objection  can  be  raifed  againft  him, 
 which  might  not  with  more  Juftice  have  been  urged  againft 
 any  other  fingle  Perfon,  or  Body  of  Men  in  the  Nation, 
 except  the  Right  Heir.  However,  all  the  three  Parties  of 
 Cavaliers,  Preibyterians,  and  Republicans,  were  difpleafed. 
 with  his  Conduct,  loaded  him  with  Invectives,  and  formed 
 Confpiracies  againft  his  Perfon,  though  they  could  never 
 agree  in  any  other  fcheme,  which  in  the  prefent  Crifis  was 
 more  practicable. 
 
 The  Parliament  being   thus   broken   up,  the   Sovereign  c.  Crom. 
 Power  fell   into  the   hands  of  the  Council  of  Officers,  ofandth« 
 which  Cromwel  was  head,  who  published  a  Declaration,  juf-  officer's  af- 
 tifying  his  diflblution   of  the   late  Parliament,    and  promi-  fume  the 
 fing  to  put  the  Adminiftration  into  the   hands  of  Perfons  of  Govern- 
 approved   fidelity  and  honefty,  and   leave  them    to  form  it  mem* 
 into  what  fhape  they  pleafed.     Accordingly,  April  30.  an- 
 other Declaration  was  publifhed,  figned  by  Oliver  Cromwel, 
 and  thirty  of  his  Officers,  nominating  a  new  Council  of  State 
 to  take  care  of  the  Government  till  a  new  Reprefentative 
 
 Vol.  IV.  E  Body 
 
66 
 
 Comnton'- 
 
 wealth. 
 
 »653- 
 
 The  HISTORY        Vol.  IV. 
 
 Body  of  Men  could  be  called  together  ;  and  June  8,  the 
 General  by  advice  of  his  Council,  fent  the  following  Sum- 
 mons to  one  hundred  and  forty  felect  Perfons,  out  of  the 
 feveral  Counties  of  England,  to  meet  at  Weftminfter,  hi 
 order  to  fettle  the  Nation  ;  "  I  Oliver   Cromwel,  Captain 
 
 "  General,   &c.   do  hereby  fummons  and  require  you 
 
 "  being  one  of  the  Perfons  nominated  by  myfelf,  with  the 
 "  advice  of  my  Council,  perfonally  to  appear  at  the  Cbun- 
 "  c;l  Chamber  at  Whitehall,  upon  the  fourth  of  July  next 
 ■*  enfuing  the  date  hereof,  to  take  upon  you  the  truft  of  the 
 "  Affairs  of  the  Commonwealth;  to  which  you  are  here- 
 "  by  called  and  appointed  to  ferve  as  a  Member  for  the 
 °  County  of-  -And  hereof  you  are  not  to  fail.  Given  un*- 
 "  der  my  Hand  this  8th  of  June,    1653." 
 
 O.  Cromwel. 
 
 The  Little 
 Parliament. 
 
 t-  534- 
 
 Thefe  were  high  Acts  of  Sovereignty,  and  not  to  be  jus- 
 tified but  upon  the  fuppofition  of  extreme  Neceflity.  The 
 Diflbiution  of  the  Long  Parliament  was  an  Act  of  violence, 
 but  not  unacceptable  to  the  People,  as  appeared  by  the  nu- 
 merous addrefles  from  the  Army>  the  Fleet,  and  other 
 places,  approving  the  General's  conduct,  and  promifing  to 
 ftand  by  him  and  his  Council  in  their  proceedings  ;  (  but 
 then  for  the  General  himfelf,  and  thirty  Officers,  to  chufe 
 Reprefentatives  for  the  whole  Nation,  without  interefting 
 any  of  the  Counties  or  Corporations  of  England  in  the 
 choice,  would  have  deferved  the  higheft  cenfure  under  any 
 other  Circumflances. 
 
 About  one  hundred  and  twenty  of  the  new  Reprefenta- 
 tives appeared  at  the  time  and  place  appointed,  when  the 
 Generalafter  a  fhort  fpeech,  delivered  them  an  Inffrument 
 in  Parchment  under  his  Hand  and  Seal,  refigning  into  their 
 hands,  or  the  hands  of  any  forty  of  them,  the  fupreme  au- 
 thority.  arrd  government  of  the  Commonwealth,  limiting 
 the  time  of  their  continuance  to  November  3d,  1654,  and 
 empowering  them,  three  Months  before  their  diflbiution,  to 
 make  choice  of  others  to  fucceed  them,  for  a  year,  and 
 they  to  provide  for  a  future  fueceflion.  It  Was  much  won- 
 dered, fays  Whitlock,  that  thefe  Gentlemen,  many  of 
 whom  were  perfons  of  fortune  and  eftate,  fhould  accept  of 
 the  fupreme  authority  of  the  Nation,  upon  fuch  a  Sum- 
 mons, and  from  fuch  Hands.  Mori:  of  them  were  Men 
 of  Piety,  but  no  great  Politicians,  and  were  therefore 
 in  contempt  called  fometimes  the   Little    Parliament}  and 
 
 by 
 
Chap.  II.        of  the  P  u  r  i  t  a  n*s7  67 
 
 by  others,  Barebone's  Parliament,  from  a  Leatherfeller  of  Commoa- 
 that  Name,  who  was  one  of  the  raoft  active  Members.  w"lth- 
 When  the  General  was  withdrawn  they  chofe  Mr.  Roufe,  ,  '._S3_1  j 
 an  aged  and  venerable  Man,  Member  in  the  late  Parlia-  Their  fo- 
 ment for  Truro  in  Cornwal,  their  Speaker,  and  then  voted  ceedings. 
 themfelves  the  Parliament  of  the  Commonwealth  of  Eng- 
 land. Mr.  Baxter  places  them  in  a  contemptible  light,  and 
 fays,  "  They  intended  to  eject  all  the  Parifh  Minifters,  and  p.  70,  iS©. 
 *'  to  encourage  the  gathering  independant  Churches ;  that 
 "  they  caft  out  all  the  Minifters  in  Wales,  which,  though 
 "  bad  enough  for  the  moft  part,  were  yet  better  than  none, 
 "  or  the  few  itinerants  they  fet  up  in  their  room  ;  and  that 
 "  they  attempted,  and  had  almoft  accomplifhed  the  fame 
 *'  in  England."  But  nothing  of  this  appears  among  their 
 A£b.  When  the  City  of  London  petitioned,  that  more 
 learned  and  approved  Minifters  might  be  fent  into  the 
 Country  to  preach  the  Gofpel ;  that  their  fettled  mainte- 
 nance by  law  might  be  confirmed,  and  their  juft  properties 
 preferved  ;  and  that  the  Univerfities  might  be  zealoufly 
 countenanced  and  encouraged,  the  petitioners  had  the 
 thanks  of  that  Houfe  ;  and  the  Committee  gave  it  as  their 
 opinion,  that  CommilTionersfhould  be  fent  into  the  feveral 
 Counties,  who  mould  have  power  to  eject  fcandalous  and 
 inefficient  Minifters,  and  to  fettle  others  in  their  room. 
 They  were  to  appoint  preaching  in  all  vacant  places,  that 
 none  might  have  above  three  miles  from  a  place  of  Wor- 
 ship. That  fuch  as  were  approved  for  publick  Minifters 
 ihould  enjoy  the  maintenance  provided  by  the  laws  ;  and 
 that  if  any  fcrupled  the  payment  of  Tithes  the  neighbour- 
 ing Juftices  of  Peace  mould  fettle  the  value,  which  the 
 owner  of  the  Land  mould  be  obliged  to  pay  ;  but  as  for  the 
 Tithes  themfelves  they  were  of  opinion,  that  the  Incum- 
 bents and  Impropriators  had  a  right  in  them,  and  therefore 
 they  could  not  be  taken  away  till  they  were  fatisfied. 
 
 July  23d,  it  was  referred  to  a  Committee,  to  conllder  of  Liberty  of 
 a  repeal  of  fuch  laws  as  hindered  the  progrefs  of  the  Gof-  Con,aenae- 
 pel ;  that  is  (fays  Bifhop  Kennet)  to  lake  away  the  few  re- 
 maining rules  of  decency  and  order  ;  or  in  other  language, 
 the  Penal  Laws.  This  was  done  at  the  inftance  of  the  In- 
 dependanls,  who  petitioned  for  protection  againft  the  Pief- 
 byteries  ;  upon  which  it  was  voted,  that  a  declaration 
 fhould  be  publifhed,  for  givhtg  proper  liberty  to  all  th#t 
 feared  God  ;  and  for  preventing  their  impofing  hardfnips 
 on  one  another. 
 
 E   5  Mr. 
 
6S 
 
 The   HISTORY 
 
 Vol.  IV. 
 
 Common- 
 wealth. 
 i°53- 
 
 Ordinance 
 for  Mar* 
 ridges. 
 
 Mr.  Eachard,  and  others  of  his  Jbmp,  write,  that  this 
 Parliament  had  under  deliberation  the  taking  away  the  old 
 Englifh  Laws,  as  Badges  of  the  Norman  Conqueft,  and 
 fubflituting  the  Mofaick  Laws  of  Government  in  their 
 place  ;  and  that  all  Schools  of  Learning,  and  Titles  of  Ho- 
 nour, mould  be  extinguifhed,  as  not  agreeing  with  the 
 Chriftian  fimplicity.  But  no  fuch  Propofals  were  made  to 
 the  Houfe,  and  therefore  'tis  unjuft  to  lay  them  to  their 
 charge> 
 
 The  folemnizing  of  Matrimony  had  hitherto  been  en- 
 grofTed  by  the  Clergy,  but  this  Convention  confidered  it  as 
 a  civil  Contract,  and  put  it  into  the  hands  of  the  Juftices  of 
 Peace,  by  an  Ordinance,  which  fays,  "  That  after  the 
 "  29th  of  September,  1653.  All  perfons  who  fhall  agree 
 **  to  be  married  within  the  Commonwealth  of  England, 
 '*  fhall  deliver  in  their  Names,  and  Places  of  Abode,  with 
 "  the  Names  of  their  Parents,  Guardians,  and  Overfeers, 
 "  to  the  Regifter  of  the  Parifh  where  each  Party  lives,  who 
 "  fhall  publifh  the  Bans  in  the  Church  or  Chapel  three  fe- 
 '*  veral  Lord's  Days,  after  the  Morning  Service  ;  or  elfe 
 **  in  the  Market-place  three  feveral  Weeks  fucceffively,be- 
 "  tween  the  hours  of  eleven  and  two,  on  a  Market-day, 
 "  if  the  party  defire  it.  The  Regifter  fhall  make  out  a 
 "  Certificate  of  the  due  performance  of  one  or  the  other, 
 **  at  the  requeft  of  the  parties  concerned,  without  which 
 "  they  fhall  not  proceed  to  marriage. 
 
 "  It  is  further  enacted,  that  all  perfons  intending  to  mar- 
 w  ry  fhall  come  before  fome  Juftice  of  Peace  within  the 
 **  County,  City,  or  Town  Corporate,  where  publication 
 *'  has  been  made,  as  aforefaid,  with  their  Certificate,  and 
 *<  with  fufficient  proof  of  the  confent  of  the  Parents,  tree 
 lt  ther  party  be  under  age,  and  then  the  Marriage  fhall 
 "  proceed  in  this  Manner  : 
 
 "  The  Man  to  be  married  fhall  take  the  Woman  by  the 
 "  Hand,  and  diftin£Hy  pronounce  thefe  Words,  I  A.  B. 
 **  do  here,  in  the  prefence  of  God,  the  fearcher  of  all 
 "  Hearts,  take  thee  C.  D.  for  my  wedded  Wife  ;  and  do 
 *'  alfo  in  the  prefence  of  God,  and  before  thefe  WitnefTes, 
 ."  promife  to  be  to  thee  a  loving  and  faithful  Hufband. 
 
 "  Then  the  Woman  taking  the  Man  by  the  Hand  fhalf 
 "  plainly  and  diftin&ly  pronounce  thefe  Words,  I  C.  D.  do 
 *f  here,  in  the  prefence  of  God,  the  fearcher  of  all  Hearts, 
 "  take  thee  A.  B.  for  my  wedded  Hufband  ;  and  do  alfo,  in 
 '*  the  prefence  of  God,  and  before  thefe  Witnefles,  pro- 
 **  mife  to  be  to  thee  a  loving,  faithful,  and  obedient  Wife. 
 
 «  After 
 
Chap.  II.         of  the  P  u  r  i  t  a  n  s.:  69 
 
 163,3. 
 
 "  After  this  the  Juftice  may,  and  fhall  declare  the  faid  Man  01iver 
 "  and  Woman  to  be  from  thenceforth  Hufband  and  Wife ;  P,I°1^or* 
 "  and  from  and  after  fuch  confent  fo  exprefled,  and  fuchDe- 
 *'  claration  made  of  the  fame  (as  to  the  Form  of  Marriage) 
 "  it  mail  be  good  and  effectual  in  Law  ;  and  no  other  Mar- 
 *'  riage  whatfoever,  within  the  commonwealth  of  England, 
 '*  after  the  29th  of  Sept.  1653.  fliall  be  held,  or  accoun- 
 *'  ted  a  Marriage,  according  to  the  Law  of  England." 
 
 This  Ordinance  was  confirmed  by  the  Protector's  Parlia- 
 ment in  the  Year  1656.  except  the  Claufe,  "  That  no  o- 
 •  ther  Marriage  whatfoever  within  the  commonwealth  of 
 **  England  mail  be  held,  or  accounted  a  legal  Marriage ;" 
 and  it  was  wifely  done  of  the  Parliament  at  the  Refloration 
 to  confirm  thefe  Marriages,  in  order  to  prevent  vexatious 
 Law-fuits  in  future  Times.  But  the  Acts  of  this  convention 
 were  of  little  fignificance,  for  when  they  found  the  Affair* 
 of  the  Nation  too  intricate,  and  th  efeveral  Parties  too  ftub- 
 born  to  yield  to  their  Ordinances,  they  wifely  refigned,  and 
 furrender'd  back  their  Sovereignty  into  the  fame  Hands  that 
 gave  it  them,  after  they  had  fat  five  months  and  twelve  Days. 
 
 The  General  and  his  Officers  finding  themfelves  rein-  °-  Crom- 
 vefted  with  the  Supreme  Authority,  by  what  they  fancied  a  p^ao^ 
 more  Parliamentary  Delegation,  took  upon  them  to  flrike  a  Council  of 
 out  a  new  Form  of  Government,  a  little  tending  towards  ?ffi"rs;Ahb" 
 Monarchy,  contained  in  a  large  Inftrument  of  Forty  two  ne'^  in°ftru_ 
 Articles,  entitled,  "  The  Government  of  the  Common- ment  of  Go- 
 "  wealth  of  England  Scotland  and  Ireland,"  It  appoints  the  vernment. 
 
 Government  to  be  in  a  fingle  Perfon ;- That  the  fingle 
 
 Perfon  be  the  General,  O.  Cromwel,  whofe  Stile  and  Title 
 mould  be,  H  His  Highnefs,  Lord  Protector  of  the  Com- 
 "  monwealth  of  England,  Scotland  and  Ireland,  and  of  the 
 "  Dominions  thereunto  belonging" — —That  the  Lord 
 Protector  mould  have  a  Council,  confifting  of  no  more 
 than  Twenty  one  Perfons,  nor  lefs  than  thirteen   to  afTifr, 
 
 him  in  the  Adminiftralion A   Parliament  was  to  be  New_Mod-l 
 
 chofen  put  of  the  three  Kingdoms  every   three  Years  at 
 
 longeft,  and  not  to  be  diflblved  without  their  Confent  in  lefs 
 than  five  months.  It  was  to  confirt  of  four  Hundred  Mem- 
 bers for  England  and  Wales ;  Thirty  for  Scotland,  and 
 Thirty  for  Ireland  ;  whereof  Sixty  was  to  make  a  Houfe. 
 The  Counties  of  England  and  Wales,  were  to  chufe  two 
 Hundred  thirty  nine  ;  the  other  Elections  to  be  diflributed  a- 
 mong  the  chief  Cities  and  Market  Towns,  without  regard  to 
 antient  cuftom.  The  county  of  Dorfet  was  to  chufe  eleven 
 members,Cornwal  eight,  Bedfordfhire  five,the  federal  ridings 
 
 E  3  of 
 
 of  a  Parlia- 
 ment. 
 
yo  The   HISTORY         Vol.  IV. 
 
 v  01  a"       °^  ^0r^^1*re  fourteen  ;  Middlefex  four ;  the  City  of  London 
 
 r  ,653.'      fix;  Weftminfter  two ;    the  whole  Number  of  Cities  and 
 
 ^_,^L- -J  Burroughs  that  had  Priviledge  of  election  were  one  hundred 
 
 and  ten  ;  and  the  number  of  Reprefentatives  to  be  chofen  by 
 
 them  one  hundred  and  fixty If  the  Protector  refufed  to 
 
 iffuc  out  Writs,  the  Commiflioners  of  the  Great  Seal,  or  the 
 High  Sheriff  of  the  County,  was  to  do  it  under  Pain  of 
 Treafon — None  to  have  Votes  but  fuch  as  were  worth  two 
 Hundred  Pounds, This  Regulation  being  wifely  pro- 
 portion^ met  with  univerfal  Approbation.  Lord  Clarendon 
 lays,  it  was  fit  to  be  more  warrantably  made,  and  in  a  better 
 
 time All  the  great  Officers  of  ftate,    as  Chancellor,. 
 
 Treafurer,  cVc.  if  they  become  vacant  in  Time  of  Parlia- 
 ment, to  be  fupplied  with  their  Approbation ;    and  in  the 
 
 Intervals  with  the  Approbation  of  the  Council Such 
 
 Bills  as  were  offered  to  the  Protector  by  the  Parliament,  if 
 not  fjgned  in  twenty  Days,  were  to  be  Laws  without  him, 
 
 if  not  contrary  to  this  Inftrument In  the  prefent  CrU 
 
 fis  the  Protector  and  his  Council  might  publifh  Ordinances 
 which  mould  have  force  till  the  firiT:  Seflions  of  Parliament 
 
 The  Protector  was  to  have  Power  to  make  War  and 
 
 Peace,  to  confer  Titles  of  Honour,  to  pardon  all  Crimes 
 except  Treafon  and  Murder  ;  the  Militia  was  intruded  with 
 him  and  his  Council,  except  during  the  Seflions  of  Parlia- 
 ment, when  it  was  to  be  jointly  in  both.  In  fhort,  the 
 Protector  had  almofl  all  the  Royalties  of  a  King — but  then 
 the  Protectorfhip  was  to  be  elective,  and  no  Protector  after 
 the  prefent  to  be  General  of  the  Army- 
 Articles  wit-  Tfie  Articles  relating  to  Religion  were  thefe  ; 
 ligLi.  6"  Art.  35-  "  That  the  Chriftian  Religion  contained  in  the 
 "  Scriptures  be  held  forth  and  recommended  as  the  publick 
 "  Profeflion  of  thefe  Nations,  and  that  as  foon  as  may  be,  a 
 "  Provifion  lefs  fubject  to  contention,  and  more  certain  than 
 *'  the  prefent,  be  made  for  the  maintenance  of  Minifters; 
 "  and  that  till  fuch  Provifion  be  made  the  prefent  main- 
 "  tenance  continue. 
 
 Art.  36.  "  That  none  be  compelled  to  conform  to  the 
 "  publick  Religion  by  penalties  or  otherwife,  but  that  en- 
 *'  deavours  be  ufed  to  win  them  by  found  Doctrine,  and 
 "  the  example  of  a*  good  Converfation. 
 
 Art.  37.  "  That  fuch  as  profefs  Faith  in  God  by  Jefus 
 "  Chrift,  though  differing  in  Judgment  from  the  Doctrine, 
 iC  Worfnip,  or  Difcipline,  publickly  held  forth,  mail  not  be 
 "  retrained  from,  but  fhall  be  protected  in  the  Profeflion 
 *'  of  their  Faith,    and  Exercife  of  their  Religion,  fo  as 
 
 f1  they 
 
Chap.  II.         of  the  P  u  R  i  t  A  n  s. 
 
 "  they  abufe  not  this  Liberty  to  the  Civil  Injury  of  others, 
 "  and  to  the  actual  Disturbance  of  the  publick  Peace  on 
 "  their  Parts  ;  provided  thisLiberty  be  not  extended  to  Po- 
 '<  pery  or  Prelacy,  or  to  fuch  as  under  a  Profeirion  of  Chrift 
 *  hold  forth  and  praclife  Licentioufnefs. 
 
 Art.  38.  "  That  all  Laws,  Statutes,  Ordinances,  and 
 "  Claufes  in  any  Law,  Statute  or  Ordinance,  to  the  con- 
 "  trary,  of  the  aforefaid  Liberty,  mail  be  eileemed  null 
 "  and  void." 
 
 The  Protector  was  inftalled  with  great  Magnificence,  ir.ftalment 
 Decemb.  16.  1653.  in  the  Court  of  Chancery,  by  Order  J^  Pl°- 
 of  the  Council  of  Officers,  in  prefence  of  the  Lord  Mayor 
 and  Aldermen  of  London,  the  Judges,  the  Commifiioners 
 of  the  Great  Seal,  and  other  great  Officers,  who  were 
 fummoned  to  attend  on  this  Occafion.  O.  Cromwel 
 Handing  uncover'd  on  the  left  Hand  of  a  Chair  of  State  fet 
 for  him,  firff.  fubfcribed  the  Inflrument  of  Government  in 
 the  Face  of  the  Court,  and  then  took  the  following  Oath. 
 
 "  \X7Hereas  the  major  Part  of  the  laft  Parliament  His  o*tfa. 
 "  VV  (judging  that  their  fitting  any  longer"as  then  con- 
 fi  flituted,  would  not  be  for  the  good  of  the  Common- 
 ic  wealth)  did  diffolve  the  fame ;  and  by  a  writing  under 
 '.'  their  Hands,  dated  the  12th  of  this  inflant  December, 
 "  refigned  to  me  their  Powers  and  Authorities.  And  where- 
 ft  as  it  was  neceffary  thereupon  that  fome  fpeedy  Courfe 
 "  mould  be  taken  for  the  Settlement  of  thefe  Nations  upon 
 "  fuch  a  Bafis  and  Foundation,  as,  by  the  Blefling  of  God, 
 ee  might  be  tailing,  fecure  property,  and  anfwer  to  thofe 
 "great  Ends  of  Religion  and  Liberty,  fo  long  contended 
 '/  for;  and  upon  full  and  mature  Confideration  had  of  the 
 "  Form  of  Government  hereunto  annexed,  being  fatisfied 
 "  that  the  fame,  through  divine  Afllftance,  may  anfwer  the 
 "  Ends  afore-mentioned.  And  having  alfo  been  delired  and 
 V  advifed,  as  well  by  feveral  Perfons  of  Intereft  and  Fidelity 
 "  in  the  Commonwealth,  as  the  Officers  of  the  Army,  to 
 "  take  upon  me  the  Protection  and  Government  of  thefe 
 "  Nations  in  the  manner  expreffed  in  the  faid  Form  of  Go- 
 <*  vernment,  I  have  accepted  thereof,  and  do  hereby  declare 
 "  my  Acceptance  accordingly ;  and  do  promife  in  the  pre- 
 "  fence  of  God,  that  I  will  not  violate,  or  infringe  the' 
 **  Matters  and  Things  contained  therein,  but  to  my  Power 
 obferve  the  fame,  and  caufe  them  to  be  obferved ;  and 
 fhall  in  all  other  things,  to  the  beft  of  my  Underftand- 
 ing,  govern  thefe  Nations  according  to  the  Laws,  Statutes 
 E  4  arid 
 
 a 
 
72  The    HISTORY         Vol.  IV. 
 
 Oliver     «<  arid  Cuftoms,   feeking 'their  Peace,  and  caufing  Juftico 
 i5§?'   "  and  LaW  to  be  eclually  adminiftred." 
 
 After  this  he  fat  down  in  the  Chair  of  State  covered,  and 
 the  Commiftioners  delivered  him  the  Great  Seal,  and  the 
 Lord  Mayor  his  Sword  and  Cap  of  Maintenance  •,    which 
 he  returned  in  a  very  obliging  Manner.     The  Ceremony 
 being  over,  the  Soldiers,   with  a  fhout,  cried  out,    "  God 
 M  blefs  the  Lord  Protector  of  the  common  Wealth  of  Eng- 
 "  land,  Scotland,  and  Ireland."  In  their  Return  to  White- 
 hall the  Lord  Mayor  carried  the  Sword  before  His  High- 
 ness uncovered,  and  prefently  after  he  was  proclaimed  in 
 the  City  of  London  and  throughout  all  the  Britifh  Dominions. 
 Thus  did  this  wonderful  Man,    by  furprizing  Manage- 
 ment, fupported  only  by  the  Sword,  advance  himfelf  to  the 
 fupreme  Government  of  three  Kingdoms  without  confentof 
 Parliament  or  People.    His  Birth  feemed  to  promife  nothing 
 of  this  kind  ;    nor  does  it  appear  that  he  had  formed  the 
 Project,  till  after  the  Battle  of  Worcefter,  when  he  ap- 
 prehended the  Parliament  had  defigned  his  Ruin  by  dilban- 
 ding  the  Army,  and  perpetuating  their  Authority  among 
 themfelves ;  Which  of  the  two  Ufurpations  was  mod  eligi- 
 ble rauft  be  left  with  the  Reader  ;  but  how  he  brought  the 
 Officers  into  his  Meafures,  and   fupported  his  Sovereignty 
 by  an  Army  of  Enthufiafts,  Anabaptifls,  Fifth  Monarchy 
 Men,  and  Republicans,  will  be  the  Admiration  of  all  Poft- 
 erity  ;    and  though  by  this  adventurous  Aft  he  drew  upon 
 himfelf  the  Plots  and  Confpiracies  of  the  fevfcral  Factions  in 
 the  Nation,  yet  his  Genius  and  Courage   furmounted  all 
 Difficulties,  his  fhort  Empire  being  one  continued  Blaze  of 
 Glory.and  Renown  to  the  Britifh  Ifles,  and  of  Terror  to  the 
 reft  of  Europe. 
 Remarks  on      The  Reader  will  make  his  own  Remarks  upon  the  new 
 the  imh-u-    Inftrument  of  Government,    and  will  neceffarily  obferve, 
 vimment.0"  tnat  *l  was  a  Creature  of  Cromwel's  and  his  Council  of  Of- 
 ficers, and  not  drawn  up  by  a  proper  Reprefentative  of  the 
 People.     How  far  the  prefent  Circumftances  of   the  Nation 
 made  this  neceflary,  muft  be  concluded  from  the  Remarks 
 we  have  made  upon  the  Change  of  Government ;  but  the 
 Articles  relating  to  Religion  can  hardly  be  complained  of, 
 though  they  difgufted  all  that  part  of   the  Clergy   who 
 ■    *were  for  Church  Power ;    the  Prefbyterians  preached  and 
 writ  againft  the  36th  and  37  th  Articles,  as  inconfiftent  with 
 their  Efrablifhment,    and  finking  it  almoft  to  a  Level  with 
 the  Sectaries.     The  Republicans  were  difiatisfied  becaufe 
 
 the 
 
Chap.  IT.       of  the  Puritans.  73 
 
 the  Engagement,  by  which  they  had  Iworn  Fidelity  to  a  Oliver 
 Commonwealth,  without  a  Tingle  Perfon,  or  Houfe  of  Lords,  r°6..°r' 
 was  fet  afide.  Bifhop  Kennet  is  angry  with  the  Protectors  ^  '-  ,j 
 Latitude,  becaufe  there  was  no  Teft  or  Barrier  to  the  Efta- 
 blifhment.  "  How  little  Religion  was  the  Concern,  or  fo 
 "  much  as  any  longer  the  Pretence  of  Cromwel  and  his 
 "  Officers  (fays  his  LordfhipJ  appears  from  hence,  that 
 "  in  the  large  Inftrument  of  the  Government  of  the 
 "  Commonwealth,  which  was  the  Magna  Charta  of  the 
 ((  new  Conflitution,  there  is  not  a  word  of  Churches  or  Sy- 
 **  nods,  or  Minifters,  or  any  thing  but  the  Chriftian  Reli- 
 **  gion  in  general,  with  liberty  to  all  differing  in  Judgment, 
 "  from  the  Doctrine,  Worfhip,  or  Difcipline,  publickly 
 "  held  forth."  Strange,  that  this  mould  difpleafe  a  Chri- 
 ftian Bifhop  I  But  hisLordfhip  fhould  have  remember'd,  that 
 this  Liberty  was  not  to  extend  to  any  kinds  of  Immoralities, 
 nor  to  fuch  as  injured  the  Civil  Rights  of  others,  nor  to 
 fiich  as  difturbed  the  publick  Peace.  And  do  the  Scriptures 
 authorize  us  to  go  further  ?  The  fixth  Article  provides, 
 **  That  the  Laws  in  being  relating  to  the  Prefbyterian  Re- 
 "  ligion  were  not  to  be  fufpended,  alter'd,  abrogated  or 
 '*  repealed  ;  nor  any  new  Law  made,  but  by  confent  of 
 ««'  Parliament."  The  36th  adds,  "  That  until  a  better 
 "  Provifion  can  be  made  for  the  Encouragement  and  Main- 
 "  tenance  of  able  and  painful  Teachers,  the  prefent  Main- 
 "  tenance  fhall  not  be  taken  away  nor  impeached."  And 
 Tryers  were  appointed  foon  after  for  preventing  fcandalou* 
 and  unlearned  Perfons  invading  the  Pulpit.  This  part  of  the 
 Inftrument  is,  in  my  Opinion,  fo  far  from  being  criminal, 
 that  it  breaths  a  noble  Spirit  of  Chriftian  Liberty,  though 
 it  was  undoubtedly  faulty,  in  putting  Popery,  Prelacy,  and 
 Licentioufnefs  of  Manners,  upon  a  level.  The  open  To- 
 leration of  Popery  is  hardly  confiftent  with  the  Safety  of  a 
 Proteftant  Government ;  and  Licentioufnefs  of  Manners, 
 is  \iot  to  be  indulged  in  any  civilized  Nation ;  but  if  the 
 Epifcopalians  would  have  given  Security  for  their  living 
 peaceably  under  their  new  Mafters,  they  ought  certainly  ta 
 have  been  protected  ;  however,  the  Protector  did  not  ift 
 every  Inftance  adhere  ftri&ly  to  the  Inftrument. 
 
 But  though  in  point  of  Policy  the  Epifcopalians  were  at  Epifcopa- 
 this  Time  excepted  from  a  legal  Toleration,  their  Affem-  ll*ns  tolera* 
 blies  were  connived  at  j    and   feveral  of    their  Clergy  in- 
 dulged the  publick  Exercife  of   their  Miniftry  without  the 
 Fetters  of  Oaths,  Subfcriptions,    or  Engagements ;  as  Dr. 
 Hall,  afterwards  Bifhop  of  Chefter,    Dr.  Wild,    Pearfon, 
 
 Ball, 
 
74 
 
 Oliver 
 
 Protestor. 
 
 '*53- 
 
 p.  iSe. 
 
 Preteftor's 
 Council. 
 
 The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y         Vol.  IV. 
 
 Ball,  Hardy,  Griffith,  Farringdon,  and  others.  Several  of 
 the  Bifhops  who  had  been  kept  from  publick  Service  by  the 
 Covenant  and  Engagement,  preached  again  publickly  in  the 
 City,  as  Archbifhop  Ulher,  Bifliop  Brownrigge,  and  others. 
 Mr.  Baxter,  who  was  very  far  from  being  a  Friend  of  the 
 Protector's,  fays,  "  That  all  Men  were  fuffered  to  live 
 "  quietly,  and  enjoy  their  Properties  under  his  Government 
 
 V  i 1 —  That  he   removed   the    Terrors  and  Prejudices 
 
 (*  which  hinder'd.  the  Succefs  of  the  Gofpel,  efpecially  con- 
 '.*  fidering  that  Godlinefs  had  Countenance  and  Reputation 
 '.'  as  well  as  Liberty,  whereas  before,  if  it  did  not  appear 
 '.*  in  all  the  Fetters  and  Formalities  of  the  Times,  it  was 
 **  the  Way  to  common  fhame  and  ruin.  'Tis  well  known 
 ci  that  the  Prefbyterians  did  not  approve  of  the  Ufurpation, 
 **  but  when  they  faw  that  Cromwel's  Defign  was  to  do 
 '*  Good  in  the  Main,  and  encourage  Religion  as  far  as  his. 
 *'  Caufe  would  admit,  they  acquiefced."  And  then  compa- 
 ring thefe  Times  with  thofe  after  the  Reftoration,  he  adds, 
 "  I  mail  for  the  future  think  that  Land  happy,  where  the 
 "  People  have  but  bare  Liberty  to  be  as  good  as  they  are 
 "  willing ;  and  if  Countenance  and  Maintenance  be  but  ad- 
 "  ded  to  Liberty,  and  tollerated  Errors  and  Sects  be  but 
 *f  forced  to  keep  the  Peace,  I  fhall  not  hereafter  much 
 '.'  fear  fuch  a  Toleration,  nor  defpair  that  Truth  will  bear" 
 "  down  .  its  Adyeriaries."  This  was  a  confiderable  Tefti- 
 mony  to  the  Protector's  Administration  from  the  Pen  of  an 
 Adverfary. 
 
 The  Protector's  firfl  Council  were,  Major  General  Lam- 
 bert, Lieutenant  General  Fleetwood,  Colonel  Montaguej 
 afterwards  Earl  of  Sandwich  ;  Philip  Lord  Vifcount  Lifle, 
 fince  Earl  of  Leicefter ;  Colonel  Defborough,  Sir  Gilbert. 
 Pickering,  Sir  Anthony  Afhley  Cooper,  afterwards  Earl  of 
 Shaftsbury  ;  Sir  Charles  Woolfley,  Major  General  Skippon, 
 Mr.  Strickland,  Colonel  Sydenham,  Colonel  Jones,  -Mr. 
 Roufe,Mr.  Lawrence,  and  Mr.  Major  :,  Men  of  great  Name 
 in  thofe  Times ;  fome  of  whom  made  a  confiderable  Figure 
 after  the  Reftoration.  The  Protector's  wife  conduct  ap- 
 peared in  nothing  more  than  his  unwearied  Endeavours  to 
 make  all  Religious  Parties  eafy.  He  indulged  the  Army  in 
 their  enthufiaftick  Raptures,  and  fometimes  joined  in  their 
 Prayers  and  Sermons,  fte  countenanced  the  Prehbyterians, 
 by  affuring  them  he  would  maintain  the  publick  Miniftry  and: 
 give  them  all  due  Encouragement".  He  fupported  the  Inde- 
 pendants,  by  making  them  his  Chaplains ;  by  preferring  them 
 t©  confiderable.  Livings  in  the   Church  and  Univerhties ;' 
 
 and 
 
Chap.  II.       of  the  P  u  r  i  t  a  n  s.  75 
 
 and  by  joining  them  in  one  Commiffion  with  the  Preflbyteri-      Oliver 
 ans  as  Tryers  of  all  fuch  as  dcfired  to  be  admitted  to  Benefi-  Pr°<eaor 
 ces.     But  he  abfolutely  forbid  the  Clergy  of  every   denomi- .__      j 
 nation  dealing  in  Politicks,  as  not  belonging  to  their  Profeffi- 
 on ;  and  when  he  perceived  the  Managing  Prefbyterians  took 
 too  much  upon   them,  he  always   found  means  to  mortify 
 them  j  and   would  fometimes  glory  that  he  had  curbed  that 
 infolent  Se&,  that  would  fuffer  none  but  it  felf. 
 
 It  was  happy  for  the  wife  and  moderate  Prelbyterians,  that  State  of  *he 
 the  Protector  difarmed  their  Difcipline  of  its  coercive  Power,  ?"&}*** 
 for  he  (till  left  them  all  that  was  fufficient  for  the  purpofes  of 
 Religion ;  they  had  their  monthly  or  quarterly  Claflical 
 Pretbyteries  in  every  County  for  the  Ordination  of  Ministers, 
 by  Impofition  of  Hands,  acccording  to  the  Directory,  to 
 whom  they  gave  Certificates,  or  Teftimonials,  in  the  follow- 
 ing Words. 
 
 '*  \T7  E  the  Minifters  of  the  Prefbytery  of having  ex-  Cop-e9  ^ 
 
 **    VV    amined  Mr. according  to  the  Tenor  ofTeitimo- 
 
 •*  the  Ordinance  for  that  purpofe,  and  finding  him  duly  qua-  nials* 
 "  lifted  and  gifted  for  that  holy  Office  and  Employment  (no 
 "  juft  exception  having  been  made  to  his  Ordination)  have 
 "  approved  him,  and  accordingly  on  the  Day  and  Year  here- 
 "  after  exprefled,  have  proceeded  folemnly  to  fet  him  apart 
 "  to  the  Office  of  a  Preaching  Prefbyter,  and  Work  of  th« 
 *'  Miniftry,  with  Faffing  arid  Prayer,  and  Impofition  of 
 "  Hands ;  and  do  hereby  actually  admit  him  (as  far  as  con- 
 '*  cems  us)  to  perform  all  the  Offices  and  Duties  of  a  faith - 
 "  ful  Minifter  of  Jefus  Chrift.  In  Witnefs  whereof  we  have 
 "  hereunto  fubferibed  our  Names  this———  Day  of  Sep- 
 *'  tember,  1653." 
 
 Other  Teftimonials  were  in  tbis  Form  : 
 
 w 
 
 E  the  Minifters  of  Chrift,  who  are  called  to  watch 
 
 over  this  part  of  his  Flock  in  the  City  of 
 
 with  the  Aftiftance  of  fome  others,  that  we  might  not  be 
 ••*  wanting  to  the  Service  of  the  Church  in  its  NecefTity,  hav- 
 lt  ing  received  credible  Teftimonials,  under  the  Hands  of 
 "  divers  Minifters  of  the  Gofpel,  and  others,  of  the  fober, 
 
 "  righteous,- and  godly  Converfation  of as  alfb  con- 
 
 "  cermng  his  Gifts  for  the  Miniftry,  have  proceeded  to  make 
 "  further  Trial  of  his  fitnefs  for  fo  great  a  Work  ;  and  being 
 "  in  fome  good  meafure  fatisfied  concerning  his  Piety  and 
 
 *'  Ability,   have,  upon  the   Day  of r— 1652.  proceeded 
 
 li  folemnly  to  fet  him  apart  to  the  Office  of  a  Prefbyter, 
 
 "  and 
 
yC,  The  HISTORY       Vol  IV. 
 
 Oliver      n  ancj  Work  of  the  Miniftry,  by  laying  on  our  Hands  with 
 
 165 -°r"    "  Fafting  and  Prayer;    by  Virtue  whereof  we  do  efteera 
 
 »_  -v—  _j  "  and  declare  him  a  lawful  Minifter  of  Chrift,  and  hereby 
 
 l*  recommend  him    to    the  Church  of  -In  Witnefs 
 
 a  whereof  we  have  fet  our  Hands,  &C." 
 
 Affociations  When  the  Prefbyterians  found  that  their  Clafles  could 
 of  Miniiters  obtain  no  Power  to  inflict  pains  and  penalties  on  thofe  who 
 tri^  C°Un"  refu^ed  to  fubmit  to  their  Difcipline,  the  minifters  of  the 
 feveral  denominations,  in  the  Country,  began  to  enter  into 
 friendly  affociations  for  brotherly  council  and  advice.  Mr. 
 Baxter'?  life,  Baxter  and  his  brethren  of  Worcefterfhire,  formed  a' 
 Part  II.  p.  fcheme  upon  fuch  general  principles  as  all  good  men  were 
 i^i^^&c  aSreed  in,  which  he  communicated  to  the  Reverend  Mr. 
 Vines  and  Gataker  ;  and  when  he  had  drawn  up  Articles  of 
 Concord  he  fubmitted  them  to  the  correction  of  Archbifhop. 
 Ufher,  and  other  Epifcopal  Divines,  who  agreed  with  him, 
 that  no  more  Difcipline  mould  be  practifed  than  the  Epis- 
 copalian, Prefbyterian,  and  Independant  Divines  agreed  in ; 
 that  they  fhould  not  "  meddle  with  Politicks,  or  Affairs  of 
 "  Civil  Government  in  their  AfTemblies,  nor  pretend  to  ex- 
 "  ercife  the  power  of  the  Keys,  or  any  Church  Cenfures, 
 **  but  only  to  aflift,advife,and  encourage  each  other  in  propa- 
 "  gating  Truth  and  Holinefs,  and  in  keeping  their  Churches 
 "  from  prophane  and  fcandalous  Communicants."  Their 
 Meetings  were  appointed  to  be  once  a  month  in  fome  Mar- 
 ket Town,  where  there  was  a  Sermon  in  the  Morning  ; 
 and  after  Dinner  the  Converfation  was  upon  fuch  points  of 
 Doctrine  or  Difcipline  as  required  advice  ;  or  elfe  an  hour 
 was  fpent  in  difputing  upon  fome  Theological  Queftion 
 which  had  been  appointed  the  month  before.  Doctor  War- 
 meftry,  afterwards  Dean  of  Worcefter,  and  Dr.  Good, 
 one  of  the  Prebendaries  of  Hereford,  fent  Mr.  Baxter  a 
 Letter,  dated  Sept.  20.  1653.  wherein  they  teftify  their  ap- 
 probation of  the  Aflbciation  abovementioned,  and  of  the 
 Articles  of  Concord. 
 
 In  the  Weft  of  England  Mr.  Hughes  of  Plimoutb,  and 
 Mr.  Good  of  Exeter,  prevailed  with  the  Minifters  of  the 
 feveral  perfuafions  in  thofe  parts  to  follow  the  example  of 
 Worcefterfhire  ;  accordingly  they  parcell'd  themfelves  into 
 four  divifions,  which  met  once  a  quarter  ;  and  all  four  had 
 a  general  meeting  for  Concord  once  a  year  :  The  Reverend 
 Mr.  Hughes  prefided  in  thofe  of  1655,  and  1656.  The 
 Moderator  began* and  ended  with  Prayer,  and  feveral  of 
 
 the 
 
Chap.  II.        of  the  P  u  R  i  t  a  n  s*  y? 
 
 the  Epifcopal  Divines  of  the  beft  Chara&er,   as  well  as  In-      Oliver 
 dependans,  joined  with  them  ;  "  The  chief  of  the  Pref-    p™eS°«--' 
 «<  byterian  and  Independent  Divines,  who  were  weary  of  ^J3'  _p 
 "  Divifions,  and  willing  to  ftrengthen  each  others  Hands, 
 "  united  in  thefe  Affemblies,  though  the  exafperated  Pre- 
 "  latifts,  the  more  rigid  Prefbyterians,  and  feverer  fort  of 
 *'  Independents  kept  at  a  diftance  :  But  many  remarkable 
 "  advantages  (fays   Mr.  Baxter)  attended   thefe  Aflbciati- 
 u  ons  ;"  they  opened  and   preferv'd  a  friendly  Correfpon- 
 dence  among  the  Minifters ;  they  removed  a  great  many 
 Prejudices  and  Mifunderftandings,  infomuch  that  the  Con- 
 troverfies   and  Heats   of  angry  Men  began   to  be  allayed, 
 their  Spirits  better'd,  and  the  ends  of  Religion  more  gene- 
 rally promoted. 
 
 But  thefe  Country  Aflbciations  were  not  countenanced  Not  count*- 
 by  the  more  zealous  Prefbyterians  of  London,  who  met  n*nced  *>y 
 weekly   at  Sion  College  ;  they  could  hardly  digeft  a  Tole-  presbyteri- 
 ration  of  the    Sectaries,  much   lefs  fubmit  to  a  Coalition,  ans. 
 but  refolved  to  keep  clofe  to  the  Ordinances  of  Parliament, 
 and  to  the  A6te  of  their  Provincial  Affembly  :  They  want- 
 ed the  Sword  of  Difcipline,  and  were  impatient  under  the 
 prefent  Reftraints ;  and   nothing  but  the,  watchful  Eye  of 
 the    Protector,    whofe  Spies  were   in  every  Corner,  kept 
 them  from    preaching,  praying,  and   plotting   againft    the 
 Government.     However,  the  Country  Minifters  being  eafy 
 in  their  pofleiTions,  cultivated    good  Neighbourhood,  and 
 fpread   the  Aflbciations   through  Wiltfhire,  Eflex,  Hamp- 
 fhire,  Dorfetfhire,  Cumberland,  Weftmoreland,  and  other 
 parts ;  and  if  I  am   not  mifinformed,    there  are   the  like 
 brotherly  Aflbciations    among   the    Diflenters,    in   feveral 
 Counties  to  this  Day. 
 
 This  year  died  old  Dr.  William  Gouge,  born  at  Strat-  Death  <* 
 ford  Bow  in  the  Year  1 575,  and  educated  at  Eaton  College,  Dr.  Gaugg. 
 Cambridge,  of  which  he  was  Fellow.  He  entered  into  Or- 
 ders 1607.  an<^  tne  verv  next  >"ear  war  felled  at  Black 
 Friars,  London,  where  he  continued  to  his  Death.  Ke 
 commenced  Doctor  of  Divinity  in  the  year  1628.  about 
 which  time  he  became  one  of  the  Feoffees  for  buying  up 
 Impropriations,  for  which  he  was  ordered  to  be  profecuted 
 in  the  Star  Chamber.  In  the  year  1643.  he  was  nominated 
 one  of  the  AfTembly  of  Divines,  and  was  in  fuch  Reputati- 
 on, that  he  often  filled  the  Moderators  Chair  in  hie  Ab- 
 sence. He  was  a  rnodeft,  humble  and  affable  Perfoa,  of 
 ftrict  and  exemplary  piety,  an  univerfal  fcholar,  and  a  mod 
 conftant  Preacher,  as  long  as  he  was  able  to  get  up  into  the 
 
 Putpit, 
 
73  The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y       Vol.  IV. 
 
 Oliver      Pulpit.     For  many  years  he  was  efleemed  the  Father  of  the 
 
 l6$3    '    London  Miuifters,  and  died   comfortably  and  pioufly,  De- 
 
 u^«/*J  cember  12.   1653.  in   the  79th  year  of  his  Age,   having 
 
 been  Minifter  of  Black  Friars  almofl  forty  fix  years. 
 Of  Dr.  Hill.      Doctor  Thomas  Hill,  of  whom  mention  has  been  made 
 Clark's        before,  was  born  in  Worcefterfliire,  and  educated  in  Ema- 
 Lives.  nue[  College,  Cambridge,  of  which  he  was  a  Fellow,  and 
 
 Tutor  to  young  Scholars  for  many  years.  He  v/as  after- 
 wards preferr'd  to  the  Living  of  Tichmarfh  in  Northamp- 
 tonfhire,  and  was  chofen  into  the  AfTembly  of  Divines  for 
 that  County.  While  he  was  at  London  he  preached  every 
 Lord's  Day  at  St.  Martin's  in  the  Fields,  and  was  one  of 
 the  Morning  Lecturers  at  Weftminffer  Abby.  He  was  af- 
 terwards chofen  to  be  Mafter  of  Emanuel  College,  Cam- 
 bridge, and  from  thence  removed  to  Trinity  College  ;  in 
 which  Stations  he  behaved  with  great  Prudence  and  Cir- 
 cumfpeftion.  He  was  a  good  Scholar,  and  very  careful  of 
 the  Antiquities  and  Privileges  of  the  Univeifity  ;  a  Uriel 
 Calvinift,  a  plain,  powerful,  and  practical  Preacher,  and  of 
 an  holy  and  unblameable  Converfation.  He  died  of  a 
 Quartane  Ague,  December  18.  1653.  in  an  advanced 
 Age,  very  much  lamented  by  his  Acquaintance  and  Bre- 
 thren. 
 
 CHAP.    III. 
 
 From  the    Beginning  of   the  Proteftorfliip  of   Oliver 
 Cromwell  to  his  Death. 
 
 State  of  the  y  p  t|ie  Reader  will  carefully  review  the  unhappy  State 
 *  of  the  Nation  at  this  Time,  the  Strength  of  the  feveral 
 Parties  of  oppofite  Interefts,  and  almoft.  equal  Power,each  re- 
 folyed  upon  his  own  Scheme  of  Settlement,  and  all  confpiring 
 againll  the  prefent,  he  will  be  furprized  that  any  wife  man 
 mould  be  prevailed  with  to  put  himfelf  at  the  Head  of  fuch 
 a  disjointed  Body ;  and  much  more,  that  fuch  a  Genius 
 mould  ariie,  that  without  any  Foreign  Alliances  was  capa- 
 ble of  guarding  againft  fo  many  foreign  and  domeflick  Ene- 
 mies, and  of  fleering  the  Commonwealth  through  fuch  an 
 Hurricane,  clear  of  the  Rocks  and  Quickfands  which  threa- 
 ten'd  its  Ruin, 
 fcroteftor  T^g  was  tne  province  that  the  mighty  Oliver  undertook, 
 
 gives^peace    whh  the  gtile  and  Title  of  Lord  Protedor  of  the  Common- 
 Dutch,         wealth  of  England,  Scotland,  and    Ireland.     He   aflumed 
 
 all 
 
Chap.  111.       of  the  Puritans.  79 
 
 all  the  State  and  Ceremony  of  a  crowned  Head  ;  his  Houf-  p™}™ 
 hold  Officers  and  Guards  attended  in  their  places,  and  his  °5s4° " 
 Court  appeared  in  as  great  Splendor,  and  more  Order,  than  ^ynj 
 had  been  feen  at  Whitehall  fmce  Queen  Elizabeth's  Reign. 
 His  firft  concern  was  to  fill  the  Courts  of  Juftice  with  the 
 ableft  Lawyers  ;  Sir  Matthew  Hale  was  was  made  Lord 
 Chief  Juftice  of  the  Common  Pleas ;  Mr.  Maynard,  Twif- 
 tlen,  Newdigate  and  Windham,  Serjeants  at  Law  ;  Mr. 
 Thurloe  Secretary  of  State  ;  and  Monk  Governor  of  Scot- 
 land. His  next  care  was  to  deliver  himfelf  from  his  foreign 
 enemies ;  for  this  purpofe  he  gave  peace  to  the  Dutch, 
 which  the  greatnefs  of  his  reputation  enabled  him  to  ac- 
 complifh  without  the  ceremony  of  a  formal  Treaty  ;  he 
 therefore  fent  his  Secretary  Thurloe  with  the  Conditions  to 
 which  they  were  to  fubmit ;  the  Dutch  pleaded  for  Abate- 
 ments, but  his  Highnefs  was  at  a  point,  and  obliged  them  to 
 deliver  up  the  Ifland  of  Pelerone  in  the  Eaft  Indies  ;  to  pay 
 three  hundred  thoufand  Pounds  for  the  affair  of  Amboyna  ; 
 to  abandon  the  intereft  of  King  Charles  II.  to  exclude  the 
 the  Prince  of  Orange  from  being  Stadtholder,  and  to  yield 
 up  the  Sovereignty  of  the  Seas. 
 
 When  this  was  accomplifhed  mod  of  the  foreign  Powers  j?14  !l|£s 
 of  Europe  fent  to  compliment  his  Highnefs  upon  bis  Ad-  ^^  f0. 
 vancement,  and  to  cultivate  his  Friendfhip  :  The  King  ©f  reign  Nati- 
 Portugal  afked   pardon  for  receiving  Prince  Rupert  into  his 
 ports  ;  the   Danes  got   themfelves    included    in   the  Dutch 
 Treaty,  and   became  Security  for  one  hundred   and  forty- 
 thoufand  pounds  damages  done  to   the   Englifli  Shipping  ; 
 the  Swedes  fued  for  an  Alliance,  which  was  concluded  with 
 their  Ambaffador  ;  the  Crown  of  Spain  made  offers  which 
 the  Prote6tor   would  not   accept ;  but   the  addrefs  of  the 
 French  Ambaffador  was  verv  extraordinary  ;   the  Protector 
 received  him  in  the  Banquetting  Houfe  at  Whitehall,  with 
 all  the  State  and  Magnificence  of  a  crowned   Head  ;  and  French  An, 
 the  Ambaffador  having  made  his  Obeyfance,  acquainted  his  kafTaa°rB 
 Highnefs  with  the  King  his  Matter's  Defire  to  etlablifh  a  ' pee 
 Correfpondence  between  his  Dominions   and  England.     He 
 mentioned  the  Value  of  the  Friendfhip  of  France,  and  how 
 much  it  was  courted  by  the  greateft  Potentates  of  the  earth  ; 
 "  but  (fays  the  Ambaffador)  the  King  my  Mailer  commu- 
 "  nicates  his  Refolutions   to  none   with  fo  much  joy  and 
 "  Chearfulnefs,  as  to  thofe  whole  virtuous  aciions  and  ex- 
 "  traordinary    merits,    render    them    more  confpicuoufly 
 "  famou?,   .than  the   largenefs  of  their  Dominions.     His 
 "  Majeily  is  fenfiUs,  that  all   thefe  Advantages  do  wholly 
 
 refids 
 
8o  The  H 1  S  T  O  R  Y        Vol.  IV. 
 
 oln'fr  "  refide  in  your  Highnefs,  and  that  the  Divine  Providence, 
 1654.  '  "  after  f°  many  Calamities,  could  not  deal  more  favourably 
 with  thefe  three  Nations,  nor  caufe  them  to  forget  their 
 paft  miferies  with  greater  fatisfa£Hon,  than  by  fubftitu- 
 "  ting  them  to  fo  juft  a  Government——" 
 doraeftick'8  ^ut  ^e  Protecltor's  mod  dangerous  enemies  were  the 
 Enemies  Royalifts,  Prefbyterians,  and  Republicans  at  home;  the 
 Of  the  Ca-  former  threaten'd  him  with  Aflaflination,  upon  which  he 
 vaiefs  declared  openly,  that  though  he  would  never  begin  fo  de- 
 
 teftable  a  Pra&ice,  yet  if  any  of  the  King's  Party  fhould 
 attempt  it  and  fail,  he  would  make  an  aflatlinating  War  of 
 it,  and  deftroy  the  whole  Family,  which  he  had  Servants 
 ready  to  execute ;  the  Terror  of  which  was  a  greater  fecu- 
 rity  to  him  than  his  Coat  of  Mail  or  Guards.  The  Pro- 
 tector had  the  (kill  always  to  difcover  the  mod  fecret  De- 
 figns  of  the  Royalifts  by  fome  of  their  own  Number,  whom 
 he  fpared  no  Coft  to  gain  over  to  his  Interests.  Sir  Richard 
 Willis  was  Chancellor  Hkle's  chief  confident,  to  whom  he 
 writ  often,  and  in  whom  all  the  party  confided,  as  in  an 
 Bum.  p.  €(.  a^'e  anc^  w^e  Statefman  ;  but  the  Protector  gained  him 
 with  two  hundred  Pounds  a  year,  by  which  means  he  had 
 all  the  King's  Party  in  a  Net,  and  let  them  dance  in  it  at 
 pleafure.  He  had  another  Correfpondent  in  the  King's  lit- 
 tle Family,  one  Manning  a  Roman  Catholick,  who  gave 
 Secretary  Thurloe  Intelligence  of  all  his  Majefty's  Council* 
 and  Proceedings.  But  though  the  King's  Friends  were  al- 
 ways in  one  Plot  or  other  againft  the  Protector's  Perfon  and 
 Government,  he  always  behaved  with  decency  towards 
 them,  as  long  as  they  kept  within  tolerable  Bounds  ;  and 
 without  all  queftion  the  fevere  Laws  that  were  made  againft 
 the  Epifcopal  Party  were  not  on  the  account  of  Religion, 
 but  of  their  irreconcileable  Averfion  to  the  Government. 
 The  Pref-  The  whole  Body  of  the  Prefbyterians  were  in  Principle 
 bjterians.  for  the  King  and  the  Covenant,  but  after  the  Battle  of 
 Worcefter,  and  the  execution  of  Mr.  Love,  they  were  ter- 
 rified into  a  compliance  with  the  Commonwealth,  though 
 they  difailowed  their  Proceedings,  and  were  pleafed  to  fee 
 them  broken  in  pieces ;  but  the  furprizing  Advancement  of 
 Cromwel  to  the  Pro  rector  (hip  filled  them  with  new  terrors, 
 and  threaten'd  the  Overthrow  of  their  Church  Power,  for 
 they  confider'd  him  not  only  as  an  Ufurper,  but  a  Sectarian, 
 who  would  countenance  the  free  Exercife  of  Religion  to  all 
 that  would  live  peaceably  under  his  Government ;  and  though 
 he  allured  them  he  would  continue  Religion  upon  the 
 Foot  of   the  prefent  Eflablilhment,     yet   nothing    would 
 
 content 
 
Chap.   III.        of  the  Puritans.  Si 
 
 content  them  as  long  as  their  Difcipline  was  difarmed  of  Its       Oliver 
 coercive  Power.  F'Tbf"' 
 
 But  the  Protector's  mofl  determined  Adverfaries  were  the  t_^jLLj 
 Commonwealth  party;  thofe  were  divided  into  two  Branch-  TheR*pub- 
 es ;  one  had  little  or  no  religion,  but  were  for  a  Democra-  iKzr-u 
 cy  in  the  State,  and  univerfal  Liberty  of  Confcience  in  re- 
 ligion ;  the  Heads  of  them  were  Deifb,  or  in  the  Language 
 of  the  Protestor  Heatheqs,  as  Algernoon   Sidney,    Henry 
 Neville,    Martin,    Wildman     and    Harrington.       It    was 
 impoflible  to  work  upon  thefe  Men,  or  reconcile  them  to  the 
 Government  of    a  fingle  Perion,  and  therefore  he  difarmed 
 them  of  their  Power.     The  other  were   high  Enthufiaits, 
 and  Fifth  Monarchy  Men,  who  were  in  expectation  of  King 
 Jefus,  and  of   a  glorious  Thoufand  Years  Reign  of   Chrifl: 
 upon  Earth.     They  were  for  pulling  down  Churches  (fays 
 Bifhop  Burnet)  for  dicharging  Tithes,  and  leaving  Religion  p.  €^. 
 free  (as  they  called  it)  without   either  encouragement  or  re- 
 flraint.     Mofl:  of   them    were  for  deftroying  the  Clergy, 
 and  for  breaking  every  thing  that  look'd  like  a  National  Ef- 
 tabliihment,     Thefe  the  Protestor  endeavoured  to  gain,  by 
 affuring  them  in  private  Converfation,    "  That  he  had  no 
 "  manner  of  Inclination  to  allume   the  Government,    but 
 "  had  rather  have  been  content  with  a  Shepherd's  Staff, 
 *'  were   it  not    abfolutely    necelfary    to  keep   the  Nation 
 "  from  falling  to  Pieces,  and  becoming  a  prey  to  the  com- 
 <c  mon  Enemy  ;that  he  only  flept  in  between  the  Living  and 
 **  the  Dead,  as  he  exprefied  it,  and  this  only  till  God  mould 
 **  direct  them  on  what  Bottom   to  fettle,  when    he  v  ou!d 
 **  furrender  his  Dignity  with  a  joy  equal  to  the  forrow  \\  ith 
 "  which  he  had  taken  it  up."  With  the  chiefs  of  this  Party 
 he  affected  to  converfe  upon  Terms  of  great  Familiarity, 
 mutting  the  Door,  and  making   them  fit  down  cover'd  in 
 his  Pretence,  to  let  them  fee  how  little  he  valued  thofe  Di- 
 ftances  he  was  bound  to  cbferve  for  form  fake  with  others  ; 
 he  talked  with  them  in  their  own  Language,  and  the  Con- 
 verfation commonly  ended  with  a  long  Prayer. 
 
 The  Protector's  chief  Support  againft  thefe  powerful  Ad-   &isEri«nd* 
 verfaries  were  the  Independants,    the  City  of  London,  and 
 the  Army  ;   the  former  look'd  upon  him  as  the  Head  of  their 
 Party,    though  he  was  no  more  of  theirs  than  as  he  was  a- 
 verfe  to  Church   Power,    and  for  an  univerfal   Toleration. 
 He  courted  the  City  of  London  with  a  decent  Refpeet,  de-  Burrer* 
 daring,  upon  all  Occafions,  his  Refolution  to  confirm  their  P«  6S- 
 Privileges,    and  coi:fult  mcafures  for  promoting  Trade  antl 
 Commerce.     Thefe,  in  return,  after  his  Instalment,  enter- 
 Vol  IV.  F  t*in«d 
 
Oliver 
 
 Protefton 
 
 1654. 
 
 82  The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y         Vol.  IV* 
 
 tained  him  at  Dinner  in  a  moft  magnificent  and  Prince-like 
 Manner,  and  by  degrees  modeled  their  Magiftrates  to  his 
 mind.  But  his  chief  dependance  was  upon  the  Army, 
 whieh  being  made  up  of  different  Parties,  he  took  care  to 
 reform  by  degrees,  till  they  were  in  a  manner  entirely  at 
 his  Devotion.  He  paid  the  Soldiers  well,  and  advanced  them 
 according  to  their  Merits,  and  Zeal  for  his  Government, 
 without  regard  to  their  Birth,  or  Seniority. 
 Remarks  It  was  the  Protector's  Happinefs,  that  the  Parties  above 
 mentioned  had  as  great  an  Enmity  to  each  other,  as  to  the 
 Protector  himielf ;  the  Cavaliers  hated  the  Prefbyterians 
 and  Republicans,  as  thefe  did  the  Cavaliers;  the  Royatifts 
 fancied  that  all  who  were  againft  the  Protector  muft  join 
 with  them  in  reftoring  the  King ;  while  the  Prefbyterians 
 were  pulhing  for  their  Covenant  Uniformity,  and  the  Re- 
 publicans for  a  Commonwealth.  Cromwel  had  the  fkill  not 
 only  to  keep  them  divided,  but  to  encreafe  their  Jeakrafies 
 of  each  other,  and  by  that  Means  to  difconcert  all  their 
 Meafures  againft  himfelf.  Let  the  Reader  recollect  what  a 
 difficult  Situation  this  was ;  and,  what  a  Genius  it  rauft  re- 
 quire to  maintain  fo  high  a  Reputation  abroad,  in  the  midft 
 of  fo  many  domeflick  Enemies,  who  were  continually  plot- 
 ting his  Deftruction. 
 
 In  purfuance  of  the  Inftrument  of  Government,  the 
 Protector  publifhed  an  Ordinance,  April  12.  to  incorporate 
 the  two  Kingdoms  of  Scotland  and  England.  The  Ordi- 
 nance fets  forth,  "  That  whereas  the  Parliament  in  1651. 
 '*  had  fent  Comiflioners  into  Scotland  to  invite  that  Nation 
 "  to  an  Union  with  England  under  one  Government;  and 
 "  whereas  the  Confent  of  the  Shires  and  Boroughs  was  then 
 "  obtained,  therefore  for  compleating  that  work,  he  ordains, 
 '*  That  the  People  of  Scotland,  and  all  the  Territories 
 "  thereunto  belonging,  fhall  be  incorporated  into  one  com- 
 "  monwealth  with  England,  and  that  in  every  Parliament 
 "  to  be  held  fucceffively  for  thefaid  Commomwealth,  thirty 
 <c  Members  (hall  be  called  from  thence  to  ferve  for  Scot- 
 "  land" —  Shortly  after  Ireland  was  incorporated  after  the 
 fame  Manner ;  and  from  this  time  the  Arms  of  Scotland 
 artci  Ireland  were  quartered  with  thofe  of  England. 
 Plot  of  the  But  the  Protector  was  hardly  fixed  in  his  Chair  before  an 
 Royaiifts.  Affaffi nation  Plot  of  the  Royalifts  was  difcovered,  and  three 
 of  the  Confpirators  (viz.)  Mr.  Fox,  Mr.  Gerhard,  and  Mn 
 Vowel,  were,  apprehended,  and  tried  before  an  high  Court 
 of  Juftice,  for  confpiring  to  murder  the  Lord  Protestor  a& 
 
 he 
 
 Scotland  and 
 Ireland  in- 
 corporated 
 with  Eng- 
 land! 
 
Chap.  III.        of  the  Puritans.  83 
 
 he  was  going  to  Hampton  Court,  to  feize  the  Guards,  and      °]iver 
 the  Tower  of  London  ;    and  to  proclaim  the  King.     Mr.      "iStT^ 
 Fox,  who  confefled  moil  of  what  was  alledg'd  againfl:  him,  ^—~ y~^ 
 pleaded  guilty,  and   was  reprieved ;  but  the  other  two  put- 
 ting themfelves  on  their  Trial,  though  they  denied  the  Ju- 
 rifdic~bion  of  the  Court,  >vere  convicted,  and  executed  July 
 10.  Gerhard,  a  young  hot-headed  Enfign  in  the  late  King's 
 Army  being  beheaded  ;    and  Vowel,    a   School  Matter  at 
 Iflington,  hanged  at  Charing  Crofs ;  Gerhard  confefled  he 
 knew  of  the  Plot,  but  Vowel  was  filent.     Thefe  Commo- 
 tions were  the  Occafion  of  the  Hardihips  the  Royalifts  un- 
 derwent fome  time  after. 
 
 Don  Pantaleon  Sa,  Brother  of  the  Portugueze  Ambafla-  Portugueze 
 dor,  was  beheaded  the  fame  Day,  upon  account  of  a  Riot  ^!sa  a" 
 and  Murder  in  the  New  Exchange,     Pantaleon  had  quar-  Brother  ex«» 
 rell'd  with  the  above-mentioned  Gerhard,    and  to  revenge  cuted* 
 himfelf,  brought  his  Servants  next  Day  armed  with  Swords 
 and  Piftols  to  kill  him  ;   but  inftead  of  Gerhard,  they  killed 
 another  Man,  and  wounded  feveral  others.  The  Portugueze 
 Knight,  and  his  Aflbciates,  fled  to  the  Ambaflador's  Houfe 
 for  Sanctuary,but  the  Mob  followed  them,  and  threaten'd  to 
 pull  down  the  Houfe,  unlefs  they  were  deliver'd  up   to  Ju- 
 ftice.     The  Protector  being  informed  of  the  Tumult,  fent 
 an  Officer  with  a  Party  of  Soldiers  to  demand  the  Murder- 
 ers.    The  EmbafTador  pleaded  his  publick  Character,  but 
 the  Proteftor  would  admit  of  no  excufe  ;  and  therefore  be- 
 ing forced  to  deliver  them  up,  they  were  tried  and  convicted, 
 by  a  Jury  half  Englifh  and  half  Foreigners;    the  Servants  P- S77» 
 (fays  Whitelock)  were   reprieved  and   pardoned  ;    but  the 
 Ambaflador's    Brother,    who  was  the   principal,    notwith- 
 ftanding  all  the  Interceffion  that  could  be  made  for  his  Life, 
 was  carried  in  a   Mourning  Coach  to   Tower  Hill  and  be- 
 headed. This  Remarkable  Act  of  Juftice  raifed  the  People's 
 Eileem  of  the  Protector's  Refolution,  and  of  the  Juftice  of 
 his  Government, 
 
 In  order  to  a  better  Settlement  of  the  Nation,  the  Pro-  A  New  Paf- 
 tector  fummoned  a  Parliament  to  meet  at  Weftminftefj  'dnicn 
 September  3.  which  being  reckon'd  one  of  his  aufpicious 
 Days,  he  would  not  alter,  though  it  fell  on  a  Sunday ;  the 
 Houfe  met  accordingly,  and  having  waited  uppon  the  Pro- 
 tector in  the  Painted  Chamber,  adjourned  to  the,  next 
 Day,  September  4.  when  his  Highnefs  rode  from  White- 
 hall  to  Weftminfter  with  all  the  Pomp  and  State  of   the  Th'*n~ 
 
 tetter  s 
 
 greateft  Monarch  j  fome  Hundreds  of  Gentlemen  wept  be-  sufc. 
 
 F  2  fore 
 
84 
 
 The    HISTORY        Vol.  IV. 
 
 P.  58* 
 
 Oliver  fore  him  uncovered ;  his  Pages  and  Lacqueys  in  the  rich- 
 '1654!  '  e^  Liveries ;  the  Captain  of  his  Guards  on  each  fide  of  hi* 
 ^  -  -  _j  Coach,  with  their  Attendants,  all  uncover'd ;  then  fol- 
 lovv'd  the  Commiflioner3  of  the  Treafury,  Mafler  of  Ce- 
 remonies, and  other  Officers,  The  Sword,  the  Great  Seal, 
 the  Purfe,  and  four  Maces,  were  carried  before  him  by 
 their  proper  Officers. 
 His  Speech.  After  a  Sermon  preached  by  Dr.  Thomas  Goodwin  his 
 ^hf'^  Highnefs  repaired  to  the  Painted  Chamber,  and  being 
 feated  in  a  Chair  of  State,  raifed  by  fundry  Steps,  he  made 
 a  Speech  to  the  Members,  in  which  he  complained  of  the 
 Levellers  and  Fifth  Monarchy  Men,  who  were  for  fubver- 
 ting  all  the  Eftablifhed  Laws,  and  for  throwing  all  Things 
 back  into  Confufion*  He  put  them  in  mind  of  the  Difficul- 
 ties the  Nation  was  involved  in  at  the  Time  when  he  affu- 
 med  the  Government.  "  That  it  was  at  War  with  Por- 
 (i  tugal,  Holland,  and  France ;  which  together  with  the 
 "  Divifion  among  our  felves  (fays  he)  begat  a  Confidence 
 "  in  the  Enemy  that  we  could  not  hokl  out  long.  In  this 
 "  heap  of  Confufion  it  was  neceffary  to  apply  fome  Reme- 
 "  dy  that  the  Nation  might  not  fink ;  and  the  Remedy 
 "  (fays  he)  is  This  Government,  which  is  calculated  for  the 
 "  Intereft  of  the  People  alone,  without  Regard  to  any 
 **  other,  let  Men  fay  what  they  will ;  I  can  fpeak  with 
 "  Comfort  before  a  Greater  than  you  all  as  to  my  own 
 *4  Intention.  Since  this  Government  has  been  erected, 
 "  Men  of  the  moil  known  Integrity  and  Ability  have  been 
 "  put  into'  feats  of  Juftice.  The  Chancery  has  been  re- 
 "  formed.  It  has  put  a  Stop  to  that  heady  Way  for  every 
 *'  Man  that  will,  to  make  himfelf  a  PreacheF,  by  fettling 
 **  a  Way  for  Approbation  of  Men  of  Piety  and  fitnefs  for 
 "  the  Work.  It  hath  taken  care  to  expunge  Men  unfit  for 
 "  that  Work;  and  now,  at  length,  it  has  been  inftrumen- 
 "  tal  of  calling  a  free  Parliament. 
 
 '*  A  Peace  is  now  made  with  Sweden,  and  with  the 
 i(  Danes ;  a  Peace  honourable  to  the  Nation,  and  fa- 
 "  tisfactory  to  the  Merchants.  A  Peace  is  made  with 
 "  the  Dutch,  and  with  Portugal  ;  and  fuch  an  one 
 "  that  the  people  that  trade  thither  have  liberty  of  Con- 
 "  fcience,  without  being  iubjecT:  to  ihe  bloody  Inquifition." 
 He  then  advifes  them  to  concert  meafures  for  the  fupport 
 of  the  prefent  Government,  and  deiires  them  to  believe, 
 that  he  fpoke  to  them  not  as  one  that  intended  to  be  a  Lord 
 over  them,  but  as  one  that  was  refolved  to  be  a  Fellow- 
 fervant  with  them  for  the  intereft  of  their  Country ;  and 
 
 thea 
 
Chap.  III.         of  the  P  u  r  i  t  a  n  s.  85 
 
 then  having  exhorted  them  to  unanimity,  hedifmifTed  them      Oliver 
 to  their  Houfe  to  chufe  a  Speaker.  Protestor. 
 
 William  Lenthal,  Efq;  Matter  of  the  Rolls,  and  Speak-  J^^j 
 er  of  the  Long  Parliament,  was  chofen  without  Oppofiti-  Proceeding! 
 on.     The  firfl:  thing  the  Houfe  went  upon  was  the  Init.ru  °f  the 
 ment  of  Government,  which   occafioned  many  warm  de-      u  e' 
 bates,  and   was   like  to  throw  all  back  into  confufion.     To 
 prevent  this  the  Protector  gave  orders,  Sept.  12  th,    that  as 
 the  Members  came  to  the  Houfe  they  mould  be  directed  to 
 attend  his  Highnefs  in   the  Painted    Chamber,    where  he 
 made   the  following  remarkable  Speech,   which  deferves 
 the  Reader's  careful  attention.     "  Gentlemen,   I  am  fur-  Pre^o,.*, 
 •*  prized  at  your  conduit,   in  debating  fo  freely  the  Inftru-  Speech. 
 "  ment  of  Government,  for  the  fame  power  that  has  made  DuS«fale. 
 *'  you  a  Parliament  has  appointed  me  Protector,   fo  that  if 
 "  you  difpute  the  one,  you  mull  difown   the  other.     He 
 f<  added,   that  he  was  a  Gentleman  by  Birth,  and  had  been 
 "  called  to feveral  employments  in  Parliament,  and  in   the 
 "  Wars,  which  being  at  an  end,  he  was  willing  to  retire  to 
 "  a  private  Life,  and  prayed  to  be  difmifTed,  but  could  not 
 *'  obtain  it,  that  he  had  prefled  the  Long  Parliament,  as  a 
 *'  Member,   to  diflblve   themfelves ;  but  finding  they  in- 
 *'  tended    to  continue  their  Seffions,    he  thought  himfelf 
 *c  obliged    to  difmifs  them,  and  to  call  fome  perfons  toge- 
 *'  ther  from  the  feveral  parts  of  the  Nation,  to  fee  if  thej 
 '*  could  fall  upon  a  better  Settlement.  Accordingly  he  refign- 
 *'  ed  up  all  his  power  into  their  Hands,  but  they  after  fome 
 *'  time  returned  it  back  to  him.     After  this  (fays  he)  divers 
 *'  Gentlemen  having  confulted  together,   framed  the  pre- 
 f*  fent  Model  without  my  privity,  and  told  me,   that  unlefs 
 "  I  would  undertake  the  fame,   blood  and  confufion  would 
 "  break  in  upon  thera  ;  but  I  refufed  again  and  again,  till 
 w  confidering  that  it  did  not  put  me  into  an  higher  capacity 
 '*  than  I  was  in  before,   I  confented  ;  fince  which  time  I 
 (t  have  had  thp  Thanks  of  the  Army,  the  Fleet,   the  City 
 "  of  London,  and  of  great  Numbers  of  Gentry  in  the  three 
 "  Nations.     Now   the  Government  being  thus  fettled,  J  WhitLp. 
 *'  apprehend  there  are  four  fundamentatals  which  may  not  *  7* 
 "  be  examined   into,  or  alter'd.     (i.)  That  the  Govern- 
 '*  ment  be  in  a  fingle  Perfon  and  a  Parliament,     (z.)  That 
 "  Parliaments  be  not  perpetual.     (3.)  The  article  relating 
 4C  to  the  Militia.     And,  (4.)  A  due  liberty  of  confcience  in 
 **  Matters  of  Religion.     Other  things  in  the  Government 
 **  may  be  changed  as  occafion   requires.     For  as   much 
 !'  therefore  as  you  have  gone   about   to  fu^vert  the  fun- 
 
 F  3  dumentals 
 
u 
 
 The   HISTORY        Vol.  IV* 
 
 Oliver 
 Protestor 
 
 1654. 
 
 The  Recog- 
 nition. 
 
 Life  of 
 C.romwel 
 p.  201. 
 
 damentals  of  this  Government,   and  throw   all    things 
 back  into  confufion,   to  prevent  the  like  for  the  future  I 
 am  neceiTitated  to  appoint  you  a  Tell,  or  Recognition  of 
 the  Government,  by  which  you  are  made  a  Parliament, 
 "  before  you  go  any  more  into  the  Houfe."     Accordingly 
 at  their  return,    they  found  a  guard  at   the  door  denying 
 entrance  to  any  who  would  not  firft  fign  the  followihg  en- 
 gagement.    "  I  A.  B.  do  hereby  freely  promife,  and  en- 
 "  gage  to  be  true  and  faithful  to  the  Lord  Protector  of  the 
 **  Commonwealth  of  England,  Scotland,  and  Ireland,  and 
 *'  will  not  propofe  or  give  my  confent  to  alter  the  Govern- 
 *c  ment,  as  it  is  fettled  in  one  fingle  perfon  and  a  Parlia- 
 "  ment."     About   three  hundred   of  the  Members  figned 
 the  Recognition,  and  having  took  their  place  in   the  Houfe, 
 with  fome   difficulty  confirmed  the  Inftrument  of  Govern- 
 ment almoft  in  every  thing,  but  the  right  of  nominating  a 
 Succeflbr  to  the  prefent  Protector  ;  which  they  referved  to 
 the  Parliament.     They  voted  the  prefent  Lord  Protector 
 to  continue  for  life.     They  continued  the  {landing  Army  of 
 ten  thoufand  horfe  and    twenty   thoufand  Foot,    and  fixty 
 thoufand   pounds  a  month  for  their  maintenance.     They 
 gave  the  Protector  two  hundred  thoufand  pounds  a  year  for 
 his  Civil  Lift,  and  afligned  Whitehall,  St.  James's,  and  the 
 reft  of  the  late  King's  Houfes,  for  his  ufe  ;   but  they  were 
 out  of  humour,  and  were  fo  far  from  (hewing  refpect  to  the 
 Court,  that  they  held  no  manner  of  correfpondence  with 
 it  ;  which,  together  with  their  voting,    "  That  no   claufe 
 "  of  what  they  had  agreed  upon  mould  be  binding,  unlefs 
 "  the  whole  were  contented  to,"  provoked   the  Protector, 
 as  derogating  from  his  power  of  confenting  to, -or  refufing 
 particular  Bills,  and   therefore   having    difcovered  feveral 
 plots  againfl  his  Government  ready  to  break  out,   in  which 
 fome  of  the  Members  were  concerned,  he  fent  for  them 
 into  the  Painted    Chamber,   Jan.  22d,  and  after  a  long  and 
 intricate  Speech,  in  which,  after  fome  ftrong  expreflions  in 
 favour  of  Liberty  to  Men  of  the  fame  faith,  tho*n3f  diffe- 
 rent judgments  in  leffer  matters,  he  complained,  that  they 
 had  taken  no  more  notice  of  him,  either  by  Meflage  or  Ad- 
 drefs,  than   if    there  had  been  no  fuch  perfon  in  being ; 
 that  they  had  done   nothing  for  the  honour  and  fupport  of 
 the  Government,  but  fpent  their  time  in  fruitlefs  debates  of 
 little  confequence,  while  the  Nation  was  bleeding  to  death  ; 
 and  inftead  of  making  things   eafy,  that  they  had  laid  a 
 foundation  for  future  diflatisfactions  ;  he  therefore  diflblved 
 tli em,  without  confirming   any  of  their  Acts,  after  they 
 had  fat  five  Months,  according  to  the  Inftrument  of  Go- 
 
 vernment, 
 
Chap.  III.      of  the  Puritan?.  87 
 
 Vernment,  reckoning  twenty  eight  days  to  a  month.     This     Oliver 
 was  thought  an  unpopular  action,  and  a  renouncing  the  ad-       gf or* 
 ditional  Title  the  Parliament  would  have    given  him ;  but  (•v^J 
 this  greai  Man  with  the  Sword  in  his  hand  was  not  to  be  jo- 
 ftled  out  of  the  Saddle  with  Votes  and  Refolutions ;  and  if  one 
 may  credit  his  Speech,  his  affuming  the   Government  was 
 not  fo  much  the  effect  of  his  own  ambition,  as  of  a  bold 
 refolution  to  prevent  the  Nation's  falling  back  into  Anarchy 
 and  Blood. 
 
 Upon  the  rifing  of  the  Parliament  Major  General  Har-  Plot  of  the 
 rifon,  one  of  the  Chiefs  of  the  Republicans,  was  taken  into  ^u!)iicans, 
 cuftody  ;  and  Mr.  John  Wildman,  who  had  been  expelled  $co,'  ' p* 
 the  Houfe,  was  apprehended  as  he  was  drawing  up  a  Paper, 
 entitled,  **  A  Declaration  of  the   free   and  well  affected 
 **  People  of  England  now  in  Arms  againft  the  Tyrant  OH- 
 4i  ver  Cromwel  j"  which  prevented  the  rifing  of  that  Par- 
 
 The  Royalifts  were  buying  up  Arms  at  the  fame  time,  And  of  th» 
 and  preparing  to  rife  in  feveral  parts  of  the  Kingdom.  ri°yalvS'j 
 They  had  procured  Commiflions  from  the  young  King  at  m.  p.  55',, 
 Cologn,  and  defired  his  Majefty  to  be  ready  on  the  fea 
 coaft  by  the  nth  of  March,  when  there  would  be  a  re- 
 volt in  the  Army,  and  when  Dover  Caftle  would  be  deli- 
 vered into  their  hands.  The  King  accordingly  removed  to 
 Middleburgh  in  Zealand  ;  but  the  Protector  had  intelligence 
 of  it  from  his  Spies,  and  declared  it  openly  as  foon  as  he 
 was  arrived,  which  intimidated  the  Cpnfpirators,  and  made 
 them  fear  they  were  difcovered  :  However,  about  the  time 
 appointed,  fome  fmall  parties  of  Royalifts  got  together  in 
 Bhropfhire  with  an  intent  to  furprize  Shrewlbury  and  Chirk 
 Caftle.  A  Cart  load  of  Arms  was  brought  to  a  place  of 
 rendezvous  for  the  Northern  Parts,  where  they  were  to  be 
 headed  by  Wilmot  Earl  of  Rochefter  ;  but  they  no  fooner 
 met  but  they  difperfed  for  fear  of  being  fallen  upon  by  the 
 regular  Troops.  In  the  Weft  Sir  Jofeph  Wagftaffe,  Colo- 
 nel Penruddock,  Captain  Hugh  Grove,  Mr.  Jones,  and 
 others,  entered  the  City  of  Sahmury,  with  200  Horfe  well 
 armed,  in  the  time  of  the  Aflizes,  and  feized  the  Judges 
 Rolls  and  Nichols,  with  the  Sheriff  of  the  County,  whom 
 they  refolved  to  hang.  They  proclaimed  the  King,  and 
 threatened  violence  to  fuch  as  would  not  join  them  ;  but  the 
 Country  not  coming  in  according  to  their  expectations  they 
 were  intimidated,  and  after  five  or  fix  hours  marched  away 
 into  Dorfetlhire,  and  from  thence  to  Devonfliire,   where 
 
 F  4  Captain 
 
SS  The  H  I  S  T  0  R  Y        Vol.  IV. 
 
 oliver       Captain  Crook  overtook  them,  and  with  one  Tingle  Troop 
 Tlu^'     °^  ^or^e  defeated,    and  took  mod  of  them  priibners ;  Pen- 
 ruddock  and  Grove  were  beheaded  at  Exeter  ;    and  fome 
 few  others  were  hanged  at  Salifbury,   the  place  where  they 
 had  fo  lately  triumphed. 
 Tvote&or's        The  vigilance  of  the  Protector  on  this  occafion  is  almoft 
 Vigilance,      incredible  ;   he  caufed   a  great  many  fufpected   Lords   and 
 hitl.  p.      Gentlemen  tc  be  fecured  :  he  fent  Letters  to  the  Tuftices  of 
 
 DOS,  .  t  J 
 
 Peace  in  every  County,  whom  he  had  already  changed  to 
 his  mind,  commanding  them  to  look  out,  and  to  fecure  all 
 perfons  who  mould  make  the  leaf!  difturbance.  And  his 
 private  Intelligence  of  Peoples  difcourfe  and  behaviour,  in 
 every  corner  of  the  Land,  never  failed. 
 And  Sevcri-  If  the  reader  will  duly  confider  the  danger  arifing  from 
 ty  againit  thefe  commotions,  and  the  neceflity  of  ftriking  fome  terror 
 Dedmaiion  *nto  tne  Authors  of  them,  he  will  eaiily  account  for  the 
 Protector's  feverity  againfl  the  Royaliits  ;  when  therefore 
 the  infurrection  was  quafhed  he  refolved  to  make  the  whole 
 party  pay  the  expence  ;  and  accordingly,  with  the  confent 
 of  his  Council,  publiined  an  order,  "  That  all  who  had 
 "  been  in  Arms  for  the  King,  or  had  declared  themfelves 
 "  of  the  Royal  Party,  mould  be  decimated  ;  that  is, 
 "  pay  a  tenth  part  of  their  Eftates,  to  fupport  the  charge 
 "  of  fuch  extraordinary  forces  as  their  turbulent  and  fediti- 
 "  ous  practices  obliged  him  to  keep  up  ;  for  which  purpofe 
 '•  Commiflioners  were  appointed  in  every  County,  and 
 **  confiderable  fums  were  brought  into  the  Treafury."  To 
 juftify  this  extraordinary  method  of  proceeding,  the  Pro- 
 tector publifhed  another  Declaration  ;  in  which  he  com- 
 plains of  the  irreccncileablenefs  of  thefe  who  had  adhered 
 to  the  King,  towards  all  thofe  who  had  ferved  their  Coun- 
 try on  the  fide  of  the  Parliament ;  that  they  were  now  to 
 be  looked  upon  as  pubiick  Enemies,  and  to  be  kept  from  be- 
 ing able  to  do  mifchief,  fmce  it  fufficiently  appeared  that 
 they  were  always  difpofed  to  do  all  they  could.  Upon  thefe 
 accounts  he  thought  it  highly  reafonable,  and  declares  it  to 
 be  his  refolution,  that  if  any  defperate  attempts  were  under- 
 taken by  them  for  the  future,  the  whole  party  lhould  fuffer 
 for  it. 
 ._.     .  lb  return  to  the  affairs  of  Religion:  Though  the  Pref- 
 
 Rcli^ion.  byterian  Difcipline  was  at  a  low  ebb,  it  was  mil  the  efta- 
 biifhed  Religion  of  the  Nation.  The  Provincial  Affembly 
 of  London  continued  their  SeiTions  at  Sion  College  every 
 half  year,  and  endeavoured  to  fupport  the  dignity  of  the 
 
 minifterial 
 
Chap.  III.         of  the  Puritans.  89 
 
 minifcerial  Office.     Complaint  having  been  made  that  the     Oliver 
 Pulpit  Doors  were  fet   open   to  Laymen,  and  gifted  Bre-  Proy^or' 
 thren,  they  appointed  a  Committee  to  collect  materials  for  i   -J*  _  _f 
 the  Vindication  of  the  miniflerial   Character,  which   being 
 revifed  by  the  Synod,  was  published  this  Summer  under  the 
 Title  of  "  JusDivinum    Minifterii  Evangelici  :   Or,  The 
 **  Divine  Right  of  an  Evangelical  Miniftry,  in  Two  Parts. 
 "  By  the  Provincial  Affembly  of  London.     With  an  Ap- 
 **  pendix,  of  the  Judgment  and  Pra&ice  of  Antiquity." 
 
 In  the  Debates   of  Parliament  upon    the  Infbrument  of  Attempts 
 Government  it  was  obferved,  that  by  the  thirty  feventh  Ar-  l°  (e"le 
 tide,  "  All  who  profeffed  Faith  in  God  by  Jefus   Chrift  taU. 
 "  Ihould  be  protected  in  their  Religion."     This  was  inter-  Baxter's 
 preted,  to  imply  an  agreement   in  Fundamentals.     Upon  L    ' Part  il* 
 which  it  was  voted,   "   That  all  mould  be  tolerated,  or  in- 
 *.*  dulged,   who  profeffed  the  Fundamentals  of  Chrifliani- 
 "  ty  ;"  and  a  Committee  was  appointed  to  nominate  cer- 
 tain Divines  to  draw  up  a  Catalogue  of  Fundamentals  to  be 
 prefented  to  the  Houfe  :  The  Committee  being  about  four- 
 teen,  named  each  of  them  a  Divine  ;    among  others  Arch- 
 bimop  Uiher  was  nominated,   but  he  declining  the  Affair, 
 Mr.  Baxter  was  appointed  in  his  room :  The  reft  that  acted, 
 were 
 
 Dr.  Owen,  Mr.  Nye,  Committee 
 
 Dr.  Goodwin,  Mr.  Sydrach  Simpfon,  [le%™Jl 
 
 Dr.  Cheynel,  Mr.  Vines,  mentals  of 
 
 Mr.  Marfhal,  Mr.  Man  ton,  Religion. 
 
 Mr.  Reyner,  Mr.  Jacomb. 
 
 Mr.  Baxter  would  have  perfuaded  his  Brethren  to  offer  Life  Part  II- 
 the  Committee  the  Apoftles  Creed,  the  Lord's  Prayer,  and  p-  *9S' 
 the  Ten  Commandments  alone,  as  containing  the  Funda- 
 mentals of  Religion  ;  but  it  was  objected,  that  this  would 
 include  Socinians  and  Papifts.  Mr.  Baxter  replied,  that 
 it  was  fo  much  fitter  for  a  centre  of  Unity  or  Concord,  be- 
 caufe  it  was  impoflible,  in  his  opinion,  to  devife  a  form  of 
 Words  which  Hereticks  would  not  fubfcribe,  when  they 
 had  perverted  them  to  trjeir  own  fenfe.  But  thefe  Argu- 
 ments not  prevailing,  the  following  Articles  were  prefent- 
 ed to  the  Committee,  but  not  brought  into  the  Houfe; 
 under  the  Title  of,  "  The  Principles  of  Faith  prefented 
 "  by  Mr.  Tho.  Goodwin,  Mr.  Nye,  Mr,  Sydrach  Simp- 
 «  fon,   ajjid  other  Ministers,  to  the  Committee  of  Parlia- 
 
 *'  ment 
 
90  The  HISTORY  Vol.IV, 
 
 Oliver      *l  ment  for  Religion,  by  way  of  Explanation  to  the  Propo- 
 Proteaor.  -  „  fah  for  propagating  the  Gofpel." 
 
 Firft,  «'  That  the  Holy  Scripture  is  that  Rule  of  know- 
 "  ingGod,  and  living  unto  him,  which  whpfo^oes  not  be- 
 "  lieve  cannot  be  fayed." 
 
 2  Thef.  ii.  10,  n,  12,  15.  1  Cor.  xv.  1,  2,  3.  2  Cor. 
 i.  13.  John  v.  39.  2  Peter  ii.  r. 
 
 Secondly,  "  That  there  is  a  God,  who  is  the  Creator, 
 "  Governor,  and  Judge  of  the  World,  which  is  tc  be  rer 
 "  ceived  by  Faith,  and  every  other  way  of  the  Knowledge 
 "  of  him  is  infufficient." 
 
 Heb  xi.  3,  6.  Rom.  i.  19,  20,  21,  22.  1  Cor.  i.  21, 
 2  Thef.  i.  8. 
 
 Thirdly,   "  That  this  God  who  is  the  Creator,   is  etert 
 *'  naUy  diftind  from  all  Creatures  in  his  Being  and  Blef- 
 "  fednefs". 
 Rom.  i.  18,  25.     1  Cor.  viii.  5,  6. 
 Fourthly,  "  That   this  God  is  One  in  three  Perfons  or 
 «  Subfiftences." 
 
 1  John  v.  5,  6,  7,  8,  9.  compared  with  John  viii.  ry,  18, 
 19,  2|.  Matth.  xxviii.  19.  compared  with  Ephef.  iv.  4,  5, 
 6.     %  John  ii.  22,   23.     2d  Epift.  John  vei.  9,  10. 
 
 Fifthly,  m.  That  Jefus  Chrift  is  the  only  Mediator  be- 
 "  tween  God  and  Man,  without  the  Knowledge  of  whom 
 **  there  is  no  Salvation." 
 
 I  Tim.  ii.  4,  5,  6.     2  Tim.  iii.  15.     1  John  ii.  22.  Ads 
 iv.  10,  12.   1  Cor.  iii.  10,  11. 
 Sixthly,  "  That  this  Jefus  Chrift  is  the  true  God." 
 I  John  v.  29.  Ifaiah  xlv.  21,  22,  23,  24,  25. 
 Seventhly,  "  That  this  Jefus  Chrift  is  alfo  true  Man. 
 1  John  iv.  2,  3.  2d  Epift.  John,  ver.  7. 
 Eighthly,  "  That  this  Jefus  Chrift  is  God  and  Man  in 
 "  one  Perfon." 
 
 1  Tim.  iii.  16.  Matth.  xvi.  13,  14,  15,  16,  17,  18. 
 Ninthly,    u  That    this  Jefus  Chrift    is  our  Redeemer, 
 "  who  by   paying  a  Ranfom,  and  bearing  our  Sins,  has 
 "  made  Satisfaction  for  them." 
 
 Ifa.  liii.  1 1.  1  Pet.  ii.  24, 25.  1  Cor.  xv.  2,  3.  1.  Tim. 
 ii.  4,5,6. 
 
 Tenthly,  "  That  this  fame  Lord  Jefus  Chrift  is  he  that 
 "  was  crucified  at  Jerusalem,  and  rofe  again,  and  afcend- 
 «*  ed  into  Heaven, 
 
 John 
 
Chap.  HI.       of  the  Pur  i  tans.  91 
 
 John  viii.  24-  A&s  iv.  10,  11,  12.     A£h  x.  38,  39,  40,     Oliver 
 4J»  42,  43-     1  Cor.  xv.  2,  3,  4, 5,  6,  7,  8.     A£ts  xxii.  8.  p«^*"» 
 A6b  ii.  36.  ^AXj 
 
 Eleventhly,  "  That  this  fame  Jefus  drift,  being  the  on 
 '*  ly  God  and  Man  in  one  Perfon,   remains  for  ever  a  di- 
 *'  ftintt  Perfon  from  all  Saints  and  Angels,  notwithftanding 
 "  their  Union  and  Communion  with  him." 
 
 Col.  ii.  8,  9,  10,  19.     1  Tim.  iii.  16. 
 
 Twelfthly,  «  That  all  Men  by  Nature  are  dead  in  Sim 
 "  and  Trefpafies ;  and  no  Man  can  be  faved  unlefs  he  be 
 "  born  again,  repent  and  believe." 
 
 John  iii.  3,  5,  6,  7,  10.  Acls  xvii.  30,  31.  Acls  xxvi. 
 17,  18, 19,  20.  Luke  xxiv.  47.  Aftsxx.  20,  21.  John 
 v.  24,  25.  ' 
 
 Thirteenth,  ".  That  we  are  juftified  and  laved  by 
 ««  Grace,  and  Faith  in  Jefus  Chrift,  and  not  by  Works." 
 
 Ads  xv.  24.  compared  with  Gal.  i.  6, 7,  8,  9.  Gal.  v. 
 2,  4,  5.  Rom.  ix.  31,  32, 33.  Rom.  x.  3,  4.  Rom.  i.  16, 
 17.  Gal.  iii.  1 1.  Ephef.  ii.  8,  9,    10. 
 
 Fourteenth,  <*  That  to  continue  in  any  known  Sin,  up- 
 •*  on  what  Pretence  or  Principle  foever,  is  damnable." 
 
 Rom.i.  32.  Rom.  vi.  1,  2,  15,  16.  1  John  i.  6,  8. 
 I  John  iii.  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8.     2  Pet.  ii.  19,  20.     Rom.  viii. 
 
 x3- 
 
 "  Fifteenth,  "  That  God  is  to  be  worfhipped  according 
 
 ««  to  his  own  Will ;  and  whofoever  mall  forfake  and  de- 
 "  fpife  all  the  Duties  of  his  Worfhip  cannot  be  faved." 
 
 Jer.  x.  15.  Pfalmxiv.  4.  Jude,  ver.  18,  19,  20,  21.  Rom. 
 X.  13. 
 
 Sixteenth,  u  That  the  Dead  mail  rife  ;  and  that  there 
 W  is  a  Day  of  Judgment,  wherein  all  fhall  appear,  fome  to 
 "  go  into  everlafting  Life,  and  fome  into  everlafting  Con- 
 •«  demnation." 
 
 1  Tim.  i.  19,  20.  compared  with  2  Tim.  ii.  17,  18.  Ad$ 
 xvii.  30,  31.     John  v.  28,  29.     1  Cor.  xv.  19. 
 
 Mr.  Baxter  fays  Dr.  Owen  worded  thefe  Articles  ;  thafc 
 Dr.  Goodwin,  Mr.  Nye  and  Mr.  Simpfon  were  his  afliuS 
 ants  ;  that  Dr.  Cheynel  was  Scribe  ;  and  that  Mr.  Mar-  Life 
 fhal,  a  fober,  worthy  Man,  did  fomething  ;  but  that  the  p.  20$. 
 reft  were  little  better  than  paflive.  He  adds,  that  twenty  of 
 their  Propofitions  were  printed,  tho*  in  my  Copy,  licenfed 
 by  Scobel,  there  are  but  fixteen  :  However,  the  Parlia- 
 ment being  abruptly  diflblved  they  were  all  buried  in  Obli- 
 viow. 
 
 It 
 
t)i  The    HISTORY         Vol.  IV. 
 
 ■■ 
 
 Oliver  fr  appears  by  thefe  Articles,  that  thefe  Divines  intended 
 
 T^T'     t0  exclucle'  not  onlv   l^eifts,   Socinians,  and  Papifts,   but 
 
 v__- y— ^  Arians,  Antinomians,  Quakers,  and  others.     Into  fuch  dif- 
 
 Kemaiks.      flculties  do  wife   and    good  Men  fall,  when  they  ufurp  the 
 
 kingly  office   of  Chrift,  and  pretend  to  reftrain  that  liberty 
 
 which  is  the  Birthright  of  every  reafonable  Creature.     'Tis 
 
 an  unwarrantable  preemption  for  any  number  of  Men  to 
 
 \     declare  what  is  fundamental  in  the  Chriftian  Religion,   any 
 
 \    further  than  the  Scriptures  have  exprefly  declared  it.     'Tis 
 
 one  thing  to  maintain    a  Doctrine  to   be  true,  and  another 
 
 to  declare,    that  without  the  belief  of  it  no  Man  can  be  fa- 
 
 ved :  None  may    fay  this  but  God  himfeli.     Befides,  why 
 
 ihould    the    civil  Magiftrate  protecl:   none  but  thr»fe   who 
 
 profefs  «•  Faith   in  God   by  Jefus  Chrift  ?"  If  a  Colony  of 
 
 Knglirh  Merchants  mould  fettle  among   the  Mahometans  or 
 
 Chinefe,  fhould  we  not  think  that  the  Government  of  thofe 
 
 Coumr.r.  ought  to  protect  them  in  their  Religion  as  long 
 
 as  they  invaded  no  Man's  property,  and  behaved  with  a  du^ 
 
 tiful  obedience  and  fubmiflion  to    the  Government  under 
 
 which  they  lived  ?  why  then  ihould  Chriftians  deny  others 
 
 the  fame  liberty  ? 
 
 Prcteftor  The  Protector  and  his  Council  were  in  larger  fentiments 
 
 Lib"r"ie,ral  °^  Liberty,  as  will  appear  hereafter.     Mr.  Baxter  fays,  the 
 
 i^3.  '  '  '    Protector  and  his  Friends  gave  out,   '*  That  they  could 
 
 «?  not  underftand  what  the  Magiftrates  had  to  do  in  mat- 
 
 "  ters  of  Religion  ;  they  thought  that  all  Aden  mould  be 
 
 "  left  to  the  Liberty  of  their  own  Conferences,  and  that  the 
 
 **  Magiftrate  could  not  interpofe  without  infnaring  himfelf 
 
 "  in  the  Guilt  of  Perfecution."     And  were  not  thefe  noble 
 
 and  generous  Sentiments,  though  the  Parliament  could  not 
 
 be  brought  into  them  ?  His  Highnefs  therefore,  in  his  fpeech 
 
 at  their  diiTbiution,  reproaches  them  in  thefe  Words :— — — 
 
 _.,    ,         "  How  proper  is  it  to  labour  for  Liberty,  that  men  fhould1 
 
 Cromw.p.    te  not  be  trampled  upon  for  their  confeiences  ?  had  we  not 
 
 S°7-  **  lately  laboured  under  the  weight  of  Perfecution;  and  is 
 
 "  it  fit  then  to  fit  heavy  upon  others  ?  is  it  ingenuous  to  afk 
 
 "  liberty  and  not  to  give  it  ?  what  greater  hypocrity,    than 
 
 tc  for  thofe  who  were  oppreffed  by  the  Bifhops  to  become 
 
 "  the  greater!  oppreffors  themfelves  fo  foon  as  their  Yoke  is 
 
 V  removed  ?   I  could  wifh,  that  they  who  call  for  Liberty 
 
 "  now  alfo,  had  not  too  much  of  that  Spirit,  if  the  power 
 
 **  were  in  their  Hands.     As  for  prophane  perfons,  blafphe- 
 
 "  mers,  fuch  as  preach   fedition,   contentious  railers,   evil- 
 
 "  fpeakers,  who  feek  by  evil  Words  to  corrupt  good  Man- 
 
 "  ners  j   and  perfons  of  loofe  converfation,    p'unifhment 
 
 from 
 
Chap.  III.         of  the  Puritans. 
 
 f(  from  the  civil  Magiftrate  ought  to  meet  with  them  ;  be- 
 '*  caufe  if  thefe  pretend  confeience,  yet  walking  diforderly, 
 "  and  not  according,  but  contrary  to  the  Gofpel  and  natu- 
 «'  ral  Light,  they  are  judged  of  all,  and  their  Sins  being 
 "  open,  make  them  the  fubject  of  the  Magiftrates  Sword, 
 "  who  ought  not  to  bear  it  in  vain." 
 
 Agreeable  to  thefe  Principles,  Dr.  George  Bates,  an  emi- 
 nent Royaliii,  and  a  great  Enemy  of  Cromwel's,  writes, 
 *'  That  the  Protector  indulged  the  ufe  of  the  Common 
 "  Prayer  in  Families,  and  in  private  Conventicles ;  and 
 *'  tho'  the  condition  of  the  Church  of  England  was  but 
 "  melancholy,  yet  (fays  the  Do&or)  it  cannot  be  denied, 
 "  but  they  had  a  great  deal  more  favour  and  indulgence 
 "  than  under  the  Parliament ;  which  would  never  have 
 **  been  interrupted  had  they  not  infulted  the  Protector, 
 '*  and  forfeited  their  Liberty  by  their  feditious  Praclices, 
 "  and  Plottings  againft:  his  Perfon  and  Government." 
 
 The  approbation  of  publick  Minifters  had   been  hitherto 
 referved   to  the    feveral  Prefbyteries  in' City  and  Country  ; 
 but  the  Protector  obferving  fome  inconvenience  in  this  me- 
 thod, and  not   being  willing  to  entrufr.  the  qualification  of 
 Candidates    all  over   England  to  a  number  of  Prefbyterians 
 only,  who  might  admit  ncne  but  thofe  of  their  own  Perfua- 
 fion,  contrived  a  middle  way  of  joining  the  feveral  Parties 
 together,  and  intruding  the  affair  with  certain  Commiffion- 
 ers  of  each  denomination.  Men  of  as  known  Abilities  and 
 Integrity  (fays  he)  as  any  the  Nation  has.     This   was    done  Ba).(c..*s 
 by  an   Ordinance   of  Council,  bearing  dale  March  20th,  Life,  p.  72j 
 1653-4,  the  Preamble  to  which  fets  forth,  *'  That  where- °rri';"ar:c«' 
 "  as   for  fome   time   part,   there   had  net  been  any  certain  Commifli3' 
 "  courfe  eitabhihed    for   fupplying  vacant  places  with  abie  oners  for 
 "  and  fit  perfons  to  preach  the   Gofpel,   by  reafon  whereof  A  Pronator, 
 *'  the  Rights  and  Titles  of  Patrons  were  prejudiced,    and  pf£a"  h!! 
 "  many  weak,  fcandalous,  popifh,  and   ill-affected  Perfons  Scobei,  p.' 
 *'  had  intruded  themfelves,  or  been  brought  in  ;  for  reme-  a?s>. 
 "  dy  of  which  it   is  ordained,  by  his  Kighnefs  the   Lord 
 "  Protector,   by  and  with  the  Confent  of  his  Council,  that 
 **  every  perfon  who  fhall,   after  the  25th  of  March,  1654, 
 "  be  prefented,   nominated,   chofen,  or  appointed  to   any 
 "  Benefice  with   care   of  Souls  j   or  to  any  publick  fettled 
 "  Le&ure  in   England  or  Wales,  lhali,  before  he  be   ad- 
 te  mitted,  be  examined  and  approved  by   the  Perfons  hcre- 
 "  after  named,  to  be  a  perfon,  for  the  Grace   of  God  in 
 *'  him,  his  holy   and  unblameable  Converfation,  as   alio 
 *'  for  his  knowledge  and  utterance,  able   and  fit  to  preach 
 
 *<  the 
 
94 
 
 Oliver 
 Troteftor. 
 1654. 
 
 Scobcl, 
 f.  366. 
 
 Their  In- 
 ftruftions. 
 
 The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y         Vol.  IV 
 
 a  the  Gofpel."     Among  the  Commiflioners  were  eight  or 
 nine  Laymen,  the  reft  Minifters  ;  their  Names  were, 
 
 Francis  Roufe,  Efq; 
 Alderman  Titchbourne, 
 Mark  Hildefley,  Efq; 
 Thomas  Wood,  Efq; 
 John  Sadler,  Efa; 
 William  Goffe,  Efq; 
 Thomas  St.  Nicholas,  Efq; 
 William  Packer,  Efq; 
 Edward  Crefiet,  Efq; 
 
 The  Reverend 
 Dr.  John  Owen, 
 Dr.  Thomas  Goodwin, 
 Dr.  Arrowfmith, 
 Dr.  Tuckney, 
 Dr.  Horton, 
 Thankful  Owen,  M.  A. 
 Mr.  Jofeph  Caryl, 
 Mr.  Philip  Nye, 
 Mr.  William  Carter, 
 Mr.  Sydrach  Simpfon, 
 
 The  Reverend 
 Mr.  William  Greenhill, 
 Mr.  William  Strong, 
 Dr.  Thomas  Manton, 
 Mr.  Samuel  Slater, 
 Mr.  William  Cooper, 
 Mr.  Stephen  Marihall, 
 John  Tombes,  B.  D. 
 Mr.  Walter  Craddock, 
 Mr.  Samuel  Fairclough, 
 Mr.  Hugh  Peters, 
 Mr.  Peter  Sterry, 
 Mr.  Samuel  Bamford, 
 Tho.  Valentine,  of  Cha- 
 
 ford,  B.  D. 
 Mr.  Henry  Jeffe, 
 Mr.  Obadiah  Sedgwick, 
 Mr.  Nicolas  Lockyer, 
 Mr.  Dan.  Dike, 
 Mr.  James RuOel, 
 Mr.  Nath.  Campfield. 
 
 Thefe  were  commonly  called  Tryers ;  in  all  thirty 
 eight  ;  of  whom  fome  were  Prefbyterians,  others  Indepen- 
 dants,  and  two  or  three  were  Baptifts.  Any  five  were  fuf- 
 ficient  to  approve ;  but  no  number  under  nine  had  power 
 to  reject  a  perfon  as  unqualified.  In  cafe  of  death,  or  re- 
 moval of  any  of  the  Commiflloners,  their  numbers  were 
 to  be  filled  up  by  the  Prote&or  and  his  Council ;  or  by  the 
 Parliament  if  fitting.  But  fome  of  tjie  Prefbyterian  Di- 
 vines declined  acting,  for  want  of  a  beter  authority  ;  or  be- 
 caufe  they  did  not  like  the  company  ;  though  the  authority 
 was  as  good  as  any  thefe  times  could  produce  till  the  next 
 Seflions  of  Parliament.  By  an  Ordinance  of  Septem.  2d, 
 1654,  I  find  the  Reverend  Mr.  John  Rowe,  Mr.  John 
 Bond,  Mr.  George  Griffith  of  the  Charter-Houfe,  Mr. 
 John  Turner,  and  Godfrey  Bofville,  Efq;  added  to  the 
 Comrnifiioners  above-mentioned. 
 
 To  fuch  as  were  approved,  the  CommiiTioners  gave  an 
 Inftrument  in  writing  under  a  common  Seal  for  that  purpofe 
 by  virtue  of  which  they  were  put  into  as  full   Poffefllon  of 
 
 the 
 
Chap.  III.      of  the  P  u  r  i  t  a  a  s.  9? 
 
 the  Living  to  which  they  were  nominated  or  chofen,  as  if    Oliver 
 they  had   been  admitted  by  inftitution  and  induction  of  a  ?V0^f°Tt 
 Bimop.  ^J^J 
 
 It  was  further  provided,  that  all  who  prefented  them- 
 felves  for  approbation  fhould  produce  a  Certificate  figned 
 by  three  Perfons  at  leaft  of  known  integrity,  one  of  whom 
 to  be  a  preacher  of  the  Gofpel  in  fome  fettled  place,  tef- 
 tifying  on  their  perfonal  Knowledge,  the  holy  and  good 
 converfation  of  the  Perfon  to  be  admitted  ;  which  Certi- 
 ficate was  to  be  regifter'd  and  filed.  And,  "  All  Penalties 
 "  for  not  fubfcribing,  or  reading  the  Articles  of  Religion, 
 "  according  to  the  Aft  of  the  13th  Eliz.  were  to  ceafe  and 
 "  be  void.'* 
 
 And  for  as  much  as  fome  Perfons  might  have  been  pre- 
 ferred to  Livings  within  the  lad  twelvemonth,  when  there 
 was  no  fettled  method  of  approbation,  the  Ordinance 
 looks  back,  and  ordains,  "  That  no  Perfon  who  load  be«n 
 *  placed  in  any  Benefice  or  Lecture  fince  April  I  ft,  1653, 
 "  fhould  be  allowed  to  continue  in  it,  unlefs  he  got  himfeff 
 "  approved  by  the  24th  of  June,  or  at  furtheft  the  23d  of 
 «  July,   1654." 
 
 'Tis  obfervable,   that  this  Ordinance  provides  no  Secu-  Remarks, 
 rity  for  the  Civil  Government,  the  Commiflioners  not  be- 
 ing impowered  to  adminifter  an  Oath  of  Allegiance  or  Fi- 
 delity  to   the  Prote£tor.     By  this  means  iome  of  the  fe- 
 queftered  Clergy  taking  advantage   of  the  Act  of  Oblivion 
 in  1651,  paflfed    their  trials  before  the  Commiflioners  and 
 returned  to  their  Livings.     The  Protector  being  advifed  of 
 this  defect,  by  advice  of  his  Council,  publimed  an  additi- 
 onal Ordinance,  Sept.  2d,    1654,    requiring  the  Commifli-  Additions? 
 oners  not  to  give  admiflion  to  any  who  had  been  fequefter-  Ordinance 
 ed  from  their  ecclefiaftical  Benefices  for  Delinquency,  'till  ,$5, 
 by  experience  of  their  Conformity,  and  Submiflion  to  the  " 
 prefent  Government,  his  Highnefs  and  his  Council  mould 
 be  fatisfied  of  their  Fitnefs  to  be  admitted  into  ecclefiaftical 
 Promotions  ;  and  the  fame  to  be  figriified  to  the  faid  Com- 
 miflioners.    Both   thefe  Ordinances    were    confirmed  by 
 Parliament  in  the  year  1656,  with  thisProvifo,  "  That  the 
 •'  Commiflioners  appointed  by  his  Highnefs  in  the  interval* 
 "  of  Parliament  mould   afterwards    be  confirmed  by  the 
 "  fucceeding  Parliament."  Another  defect  in  the  Ordinance 
 was,  that  he  did  not  appoint  fome  Standard  or  Rule  for  the 
 Tryers  to  go  by;  this  would  haye  taken  off  all  odium  from 
 themfelves,    and  preventecL_a    great  many  needlefs  dif- 
 putes^  but  as  masters  how  flood,  Mens  qualifications  were 
 
 perhaps 
 
96 
 
 The  HISTORY         Vol.  [V. 
 
 Prot'd*"      PernaPs  "e^  t0°  much  to  the  arbitrary  Opinions  and  Votes 
 
 1554.  '   °f  tne  CommiflionerSi     After  Examination    they  gave  the 
 
 1     -,-u_f  Candidate  a    Copy  of  the   Prefentation  in  .  thefe  Words  : 
 
 Caiamy,Voj.  «  Know  all  Men   by  thefe  Prefents,  that  the Day 
 
 "•P-247.     "  0f ;n  the   Year ■ there  was  exhi- 
 
 "  bited  to  the  Commifiloners  for  Examination  of  publick 
 
 "  Minifters,  a  Prefentation  of  Mr. to  the  Re&ory 
 
 **  of in  the  County  of- made  to  him   by 
 
 <c  Mr the  Patron    thereof,  under    his   Hand  and 
 
 *'  Seal,  together  with  a  Testimony  of  his  holy  and  godly 
 "  Converfation.  Upon  perufal,  and  due  Confideration  of 
 "  the  Premifes,  and  finding  him  to  be  a  Perfon  qualified, 
 •"  as  in  and  by  the  Ordinance  for  fuch  Qualifications  is  re- 
 n  quired,  the    Commiflibners   above-mentioned   have  ad- 
 
 ■'  judged  and   approved    the  faid  Mr. to  be  a  fit 
 
 "  Perfon  to  preach  the  Gofpel,  and  have  granted  him  Ad- 
 
 "  million,  and  do  admit  the  faid  Mr. to   the  Re&o- 
 
 "  ry  of         aforefaid,  to  be  full  and  perfect  PofTefTor 
 
 "  and  Incumbent  thereof:  And  do  hereby  fignify  to  all 
 **  Perfons  concerned  therein,  that  he  is  hereby  intitled  to 
 *'  all  the  Profits  and  Perquifites,  and  to  all  Rights  and  Dues 
 "  incident  and  belonging  to  the  faid  Rectory  as  fully 
 "  and  effectually  as  if  he  had  been  inihtuted  and 
 <f  indu&ed  according  to  any  fuch  Laws  and  Cuftoms  as 
 *'  have  in  this  Cafe  formerly  been  made  or  ufed  in  this 
 "  Realm.  In  Witnefs  whereof  they  have  earned  the  com- 
 '*  mon  Seal  to  be  hereunto  affixed,  and  the  fame  to  be  at- 
 "  tefted  by  the  Hand  of  the  Regiflxr,  by  hia  Highnefs  in 
 
 u  that   Eehalf   appointed.      Dated  at the 
 
 "  Day  of in  the  Year 
 
 (L.  S.)  John  Nye,  Reg. 
 
 Complaints       Loud  Complaints  have  been  made  againft  thefe  Tryers ; 
 
 againft  the    Mr.  Collier  objects  to  there  being  eight  Laymen  among  the 
 
 Tryers.        Com  rrrrfli  oners,  and  that  any  Five  having  Power  to  act,  it 
 
 might  fometimes  happen   that  none  but  fecular  men  might 
 
 determine  the  Qualifications  of  fuch  who  were  to  preach 
 
 and  adminifter  the  Sacraments. 
 
 Mr.  John  Goodwin,  an  Independent  Divine  of  Arme- 
 nian Principles,  fays,  the  Tryers  made  their  own  narrow 
 Calvinian  Sentiments  in  Divinity  the  Door  of  Admiffion 
 to  all  Church  Preferments  ;  and  that  their  Power  was 
 greater  then   that  of  the  Bifhops,  becaufe   the  Laws  had 
 
 provided 
 
Chap. 
 
 III.         of  the  P  U  R  I  T  A  N  Sk 
 
 97 
 
 provided  a  Remedy  againft  their   arbitrary   Proceedings,     Oliver 
 by  a   Quare  imped  it ;    or   if  the  Bifhop  might  determine  Prot^°r- 
 abfolutely    of     the     Qualifications     of     the     Candidates  \_0K-.—tJ 
 or  Clerk  to  be  admitted  into  a  Living,  yet  thefe  Qualifica- 
 tions were  fufficiently  fpecified,    and  particularized  in  the 
 Ecclefiaftical  Laws  or  Canons,    and  the  Bifhop  might  be 
 obliged,  by  due  Courfe  of  Law,  to  aflign  the  Reafons  of 
 his  Refufal ;    whereas  the  Determinations  of    thefe  Com- 
 miffioners  for  Approbation  were   final ;   nor  Were  they  o- 
 bliged  fo  much  as  to  fpecify  any  Reafon  for  their  rejecting 
 any  Perfon,  but  only  their  Vote,  Not  approved. 
 
 It  was  further  complained  of  as  a  very  great  Hardfhip* 
 that  "  there  was  but  one  fet  of  Tryers  for  the  whole  Na- 
 "  tion,  who  refided  always  at  London,  which  muff,  occafi- 
 "  on  great  Expence,  and  long  Journies,  to  fuch  as  lived 
 *c  in  the  remoter  Countries."  But  to  remedy  this  Incon- 
 venience, Dr.  Walker  fays,  they  appointed  Sub-Commif-  Walked 
 fioners  in  the  remoter  Countries.  And  (according  to  Mr.  P-  ll2> 
 Baxter)  if  any  were  unable  to  come  to  London,  or  were  cf 
 doubtful  Qualifications,  the  CommirTioners  of  London  ufed 
 to  refer  them  to  fome  Minifters  in  the  Country  where  they 
 lived  ;  and  upon  their  Teftimonial  they  approved  or  rejected 
 them.  But  the  Reader  fees  how  impoflible  it  was  to  pleafe 
 the  feveral  Parties ;  when  there  were  no  Tryers  the  Com- 
 plaint was,  that  the  Pulpit  Doors  were  left  open  to  all  intru- 
 ders, and  now  they  cannot  agree  upon  any  one  Method  of 
 Approbation.  But  it  muft  be  left  with  the  Reader,  whether 
 a  Bifhop  and  his  Chaplain,  or  a  Claffis  of  Prefbyters,  or  the 
 prefent  Mixture,  was  mod  eligible  ? 
 
 The  chief  Objections  againft  thefe  Tryers  has  been  to  the  Otyefhonsto 
 Manner  of  executing  their  Powers.     Bifhop  Kennet  fays,  „■,»"„,,.„*" 
 **  That  this  holy  Inquifition  was  turned  into  a  Snare  to  catch  Compl.  Hid. 
 "  Men  of  Probity  and  Senfe,  and  found  Divinity,    and  to  P-  *°9* 
 "  let  none  efcape  but  ignorant,  bold,  canting  Fellows;  for 
 <c  thefe  Tryers  (fays  the  Bifhop)  afked  few  or  no  Queftions 
 "  in  Knowledge  or  Learning,  but  only  about  Converfion, 
 "  and  the  Grace  of  God  in  the  Heart,  to  which  the  readi- 
 '*  eft  Anfwers  would  arifefrom  Infatuation  in  fome,  and  the 
 "  Trade  of  Hypocrify  in  others.     By  this  means  the  Rights 
 "  of  Patronage  were  at  their  Pleafure,    and  the  Character 
 t(  and  Abilities  of  Divines  whatever    they  pleafed  to  make 
 "  them,  and  Churches  were  filled  with    little  Creatures  of 
 "  the  State."     But  the  Bifhop  has  produced  no  Example  of 
 this;     nor  were  any  of  thefe  canting  little  Creatures  turn'd 
 out  tor  Infufficiency  at  the  Reiteration.     Dr.  George  Bates* 
 Vo  i..  IV.  G  an 
 
98  The    HISTORY  Vol.  IV. 
 
 Oliver  an  eminent  Royalift,  with  a  little  more  Temper  and  Modefty 
 Pr°6s4°r'  ys>  "  That  ^ey  enquired  more  narrowly  into  their  Affec- 
 l_—  -■  _'  "  tion  to  the  prefent  Government,  and  to  the  internal 
 '.'  Marks  and  Characters  of  the  Grace  of  God  in  their 
 "  Hearts  than  into  their  Learning  ;  by  which  means  many 
 "  ignorant  Laicks,  Mechanicks,  and  Pedlars,  were  ad- 
 "  mitted  to  Livings,  when  Perfons  of  great  Merit  were 
 "  rejected."  But  it  mull  beobferved  again,  that  2s  bad  as 
 they  were,  not  one  of  thofe  Mechanicks  or  Pedlars  who 
 conformed  at  the  Reftoration  was  ejected  for  Infuffkiency. 
 When  the  CommiiTionershad  to  do  with  Perfons  of  known 
 Learning,  Sobriety,  reputed  Orthodoxy,  and  a  peaceable 
 Behaviour,  they  made  but  little  enquiry  into  the  Marks  of 
 their  Converfion;  as  appears  by  the  Example  of  Mr.  Fuller 
 the  Hiftorian,  who  being  prefented  to  a  Living  was  approv'd 
 by  the  Tryers,  without  giving  any  other  Evidence  of  the 
 Grace  of  God  in  him  than  this,  "  That  he  made  confcience 
 "  of  his  Thoughts." 
 _.  .   D  Dr.  Walker  has   publifhed  the  Examinations  of    two  or 
 
 Their  Pro-  r  , 
 
 ceedings.  three  Clergymen,  who  were  notorious  tor  their  Malignity 
 and  Difaffection  to  the  Government,  Avhom  the  Com- 
 mifHoners  puzzled  with  dark  and  Abftrufe  Questions  in  Di- 
 vinity, that  they  might  fet  them  afide,  without  having  re- 
 courfe  to  their  political  Principles ;  for  when  they  had  pri- 
 vate Intimations,  of  notorious  malignants  to  come  before 
 them,  they  frequently  had  recourfe  to  this  method  ;  though 
 'tis  not  unlikely  but  that  upon  fome  other  Occafions,  they 
 might  lay  too  great  ftrefs  upon  the  internal  Characters  of 
 Regeneration,  which  depend  entirely  upon  the  Integrity  of 
 the  Refpondent.  But  I  believe  not  a  (ingle  inilance  can  be 
 produced,  of  any  that  were  rejected  without  being  firft  con- 
 victed either  of  Immorality,  of  obnoxious  Sentiments  in 
 the  Socinian  or  Pelagian  Controverfy,  or  of  Difaffeclion  to 
 the  prefent  Government.  Mr.  Sadler,  who  was  prefented  to 
 a  Living  in  Dorfetfhire,  but  rejected  by  the  Tryers,  publifh- 
 ed his  Examination  in  a  Pamphlet,  which  he  calls,  Inquifi- 
 tio  Anglicana,  wherein  he  endeavours  to  expofe  the  Com- 
 milTioners  in  a  very  ridiculous  manner ;  but  Mr.  John  Nye 
 Clerk  to  the  Commiffioners,  followed  him  with  an  Anfwer, 
 Ath.  Ox.  intitled,  "  Sadler  Examined  ;  or,  His  Difguife  difcover'd  :" 
 p.  370.  Shewing  the  grofs  miltakes,  and  moil:  notorious  Falfehoods 
 in  his  Dealings  with  the  Commiiiioners  for  Approbation  of 
 public!;  Preachers,  in  his  Inqiviikio  Anglicana.  To  which 
 Mr.  Sadler  never  applied. 
 
 Dodor 
 
Chap.  III.  of   the  Puritans;  99 
 
 Doctor  George  Bates,  and  Dr.  Walker  have  charged  the  Oliver 
 Tryers  with  Simony,  upon  no  other  Proof,  but  that  Hugh  '^-a^* 
 Peters  faid  once  to  Mr.  Camplin,  a  Clergyman  of  Somerfet- 
 fhire,  upon  his  applying  to  him,  by  a  Friend,  for  Dilpateh, 
 Has  thy  Friend  any  money?  A  (lender  Proof  of  fo  heavy  a 
 charge,  They  that  are  acquainted  with  the  jocofe  Converfa- 
 tion  of  Hugh  Peters,  will  not  wonder  at  fuch  an  Exprefllon. 
 But  I  refer  the  Reader  back  to  the  Names  and  Characters 
 of  the  Commiffioners,  mod  of  whom  were  Men  of  unquefti- 
 onable  Probity,  for  a  fufficient  Anfwer  to  this  Calumny. 
 
 No  doubt  but  the  Tryers  might  commit  fundry  miftakes,  Remarks. 
 which  was  impofllble  to  avoid  in  their  Station.  I  am  far 
 from  vindicating  all  their  Proceedings ;  they  had  a  difficult 
 Work  on  their  Hands,  and  were  to  deal  with  men  ok  Diffe- 
 rent Principles  in  Religion  and  Politicks  ;  and  thofe  who  were 
 not  approv'd,  would  of  courfe  complain.  Had  this  Power 
 been  lodg'd  with  the  Bifhops  of  thefe  Times,  or  their  Chap- 
 lains ;  or  with  the  high  Prefbyterians,  would  they  not  have 
 had  their  Shibboleth,  for  which  ill  natur'd  Men  might  have 
 called  them  an  Holy  Inquiiition  ?  But  Mr.  Baxter  has  given 
 a  very  fair  and  candid  Account  of  them  ;  his  words  are  thefe, 
 *'  Becaufe  this  Affembly  of  Tryers  is  mod  heavily  accufed  Mr;  Ba*ter's 
 "  and  reproached  by  fome  Men,  I  fliall  fpeak  the  truth  of  them!°Bax- 
 ft  them,  and  fuppofe  my  Word  fhall  be  taken,  becaufe  molt  ter's  Life, 
 '*  of  them  took  me  for  one  of  their  boldeft  Adverfaries :  P*  72, 
 "  The  truth  is,  though  their  Authority  was  null,  and 
 "  though  fome  few  ever  rigid  and  over  bufy  Independents 
 '*  among  them  were  too  fevere  againrl  all  that  were  Ar- 
 "  minians,  and  too  particular  in  en-quiring  after  Evidences 
 "  of  SancYtfication  in  thofe  whom  they  examined  ;  and 
 "  fomewhat  too  lax  in  admitting  of  unlearned  and  errone- 
 "  ous  Men,  that  favour'd  Antinomianifm  or  Anabaptifm  ; 
 "  yet,  to  give  them  their  due,  they  did  abundance  of  good 
 "  to  the  Church.  They  faved  many  a  Congregation  from 
 *e  ignorant,  ungodly,  drunken  Teachers,  that  fort  of  Men 
 *;  who  intended  no  more  in  the  Miniftry  than  to  fay  a  Ser- 
 '*  mon,  as  Readers  fay  their  Common  Prayers  on  Sundays, 
 "  and  all  the  red:  of  the  Week  go  with  the  People  to  the 
 "  Ale-houfe  and  harden  them  in  Sin ;  and  that  fort  of  mi- 
 "  nifters  who  either  preached  againft  a  holy  Life,  or  preach- 
 **  ed  as  men  that  were  never  acquainted  with  it :  Thefe  they 
 *l  ufually  rejected,  and  in  their  (lead  admitted  of  any  that 
 t<  were  able,  fericus  Preachers,  and  lived  a  godly  Life,  of 
 ew  what  tolerable  opinion  foever  they  were  ;   fo  that  though 
 
 G   2  many 
 
100 
 
 Oliver 
 
 Piote&or. 
 
 1654. 
 
 New  Ordi- 
 nance for 
 cje&ing 
 fcandalou» 
 Minifters. 
 Scobel. 
 
 P-  335. 
 340. 
 
 TheHISTORY.        Vol.  IV, 
 
 "  many  of  them  were  a  little  partial  for  the  IndependantS, 
 "  Separatifts,  Fifth  Monarchy  Men,  and  Anabaptilts, 
 "  and  againft  the  Prelatifts  and  Arminians,  yet  fo  great 
 "  was  the  Benefit  above  the  Hurt  which  they  brought 
 "  to  the  Church,  that  many  Thoufands  of  Souls  blefs'd 
 "  God  for  the  faithful  Minifters  whom  they  let  in,  and 
 "  grieved  when  the  Prelatifts  afterwards  caft  them  out 
 "  again.'* 
 
 '1  he  CommhTioners  were  not  empowered  to  look  further 
 back  than  one  Year  before  the  Date  of  the  Ordinance  that 
 conftituted  them.  All  that  were  in  Pofteilion  of  Livings 
 before  that  Time  were  out  of  their  Reach  ;  nor  would  the 
 Protector  have  given  thefe  any  Difturbance,  had  he  not  re- 
 ceived certain  Information  of  their  ftirring  up  the  People  to 
 join  the  InfurrecYion  that  was  now  on  foot  for  the  Reftoration 
 of  the  King.  They  continued  fitting  at  Whitehall  till  the 
 Protector's  Death,  or  the  Year  1659.  an<^  were  tnen  ^" 
 continued. 
 
 But  to  humble  the  Clergy  yet  further,  and  keep  them 
 within  the  Bounds  of  their  fpiritual  Function,  his  Highnefs, 
 by  the  Advice  of  his  Council,  published  an  Ordinance,  bear- 
 ing Date  Aug.  28.  1 654.  entitled,  An  Ordinance  for  ejecting 
 fcandalous,  ignorant,  and  inrufficient  Minifters  and  School- 
 Mafters.  The  Ordinance  appoints,  and  nominates  certain 
 Lay-Commiflioners  for  every  County,  and  joins  with  them 
 Ten  or  more,  of  the  graveft,  and  moll  noted  Minifters,  as 
 their  Affiftants,  and  empowers  any  Five,  or  more  of  them, 
 to  call  before  them  any  publick  Preacher,  Lecturer,  Parfon, 
 Vicar,  Curate,  or  Schcol-Mafter,  who  is,  or  (hall  be  re- 
 puted ignorant,  fcandalous,  inefficient,  or  negligent ;  and 
 to  receive  all  Articles  or  Charges  that  (hall  be  exhibited 
 againft  them  on  this  Account  j  and  to  proceed  to  the  Exa- 
 mination and  Determination  of  fuch  Offences,  according  to 
 the  following  Rules. 
 
 <c  Such  Minifters  and  School- Matters  (hall  be  accounted 
 *'  fcandalous  in  their  Lives  and  Converfations,  as  (hall  hold 
 "  or  maintain  fuch  blafphemous,  or  atheiftical  Opinions,  as 
 ?'  are  punifhable  by  the  A6t,  entitled,  An  Act  againft  feve- 
 **  ral  blafphemous  and  atheiftical  Opinions,  &c.  or  that  (hall 
 "  be  guilty  of  prophane  Swearing  and  Curfing,  Perjury,  and 
 u  Subornation  of  Perjury  ;  fuch  as  maintain  any  popifh  Opi- 
 *'  nions,  required  to  be  abjured  by  the  Oath  of  Abjuration  ; 
 '*  or  are  guilty  of  Adultery,  Fornication,  Drunkennefs,  com- 
 "  mon  Haunting  of  Taverns,  or  Ale-houfes ;  frequent  Quar- 
 '*  rellings  or  Fightings  j  frequent  playing  at  Cards  or  Dice  j 
 
 **  prophan- 
 
Chap.  IIL        of  the  P  u  r  i  ta  n  s.  101 
 
 "  prophaning  of  the  Sabbath ;    or  that  do  allow  and  counte-      Oliver 
 
 «<  nance  the  fame  in  their  Families,  or  in  their  Parifhes.    Such    '°je6^°r' 
 
 "  as  have  frequently  read,    or  ufed  the  Common    Prayer  <■  —  -'._j 
 
 ♦<  Book    in    publick  fince   the  firft    of    Jan.    laft ;      or 
 
 "  fhall  at  any  Time  hereafter  do  the  fame.     Such   as  pub?- 
 
 H  lickly  and   prophanely  feoff  at  the  ftrict   Profeffion,   or 
 
 "  Profeffors  of  Godlinefs.     Such  as    encourage  or  counte- 
 
 '*  nance  Whitfon-Ales,    Wakes,  Morrice-Dancing,   May- 
 
 "  Poles,    Stage-Plays,    or  fuch    like    licentious   Practices. 
 
 "  Such  as  have  declared,  or  fhall  declare  by  writing,  preach - 
 
 M  ing,    or  otherwife  publifhing,    their   Difaffection  to  the 
 
 f*  prefent  Government. 
 
 "  Such  Minifters  fhall  be  accounted  negligent  as  omit 
 **  the  publick  Exercife  of  preaching  and  praying  on  the  Lord's 
 ft  Day  (not  being  hinder'd  by  necefTary  Abfence  or  In- 
 u  firmity  of  Body ;)  or  that  are,  or  fhall  be  Non-Refi- 
 "  dents.  Such  School-  Matters  fhall  be  accounted  neglj- 
 M  gent  as  abfent  themfelves  from  their  Schools,  and  wilfully 
 u  neglect  to  teach  their  Scholars. 
 
 "  Such  Minifters  or  School- Mafters  fhall  be  accounted 
 "  ignorant  and  infufficient  as  fhall  be  fo  declared  and  ad- 
 •'  judged  by  the  Commiffioners  in  every  County,  or  any 
 *'  five  of  them,  together  with  five  of  the  Minifters  men- 
 M  tioned  in  the  Ordinance." 
 
 The  Lay- Commiffioners  were  to  proceed  upon  Oath  both  ThftZ  Jn" 
 for  and  againft  the  Perfon  accufed ;  but  in  Cafes  of  Igno- 
 rance or  Infufficiency,  they  were  to  be  joined  by  five  of  the 
 Affiftant  Clergy  at  leaft  ;  and  if  Ten  of  the  Commiffioners, 
 whereof  five  to  be  Minifters,  gave  it  under  their  Hands,  that 
 the  Party  was  ignorant  or  infufficient,  then  the  faid  Minif- 
 ter  or  School- Mafter  was  to  be  ejected,  and  the  faid  Judg- 
 ment enter'd  in  a  Regifter  Book  with  the  Reafons  thereof 
 After  Ejectment  the  Party  might  not  preach  or  teach  School 
 in  the  Parifh  from  whence  he  was  ejected;  but  convenient 
 Time  was  to  be  allowed  for  his  Removal,  and  the  Fifths  re- 
 ferved  for  the  Support  of  his  Family.  The  rightful  Patron 
 was  to  prefent  to  the  vacant  Living  an  approved  Preacher ; 
 and  in  cafe  of  Lapfe  it  fell  to  the  Protector  and  his  Council. 
 
 This  Ordinance  being  confirmed  by  the  Parliament  of 
 1656.  gave  great  Offence  to  the  old  Clergy  ;  Mr.  Gatford, 
 the  fequefter'd  Rector  of  Dennington,  publifhed  a  Pamph- 
 let, entitled,  u  A  Petition  for  the  Vindication  of  the  publick 
 "  Ufe  of  Common  Prayer,  &c."  occafioned  by  the  late 
 Ordinance  for  ejecting  fcaadalous  Minifters  j    as  alfb  Thirty 
 
 G   3  feveo 
 
102  The    HISTORY  Vol.  IV 
 
 Oliver  feven  Queries  concerning  the  faid  Ordinance  ;  which  he  pie- 
 Pr*j2S'  fented  to  the  Parliament,  which  began  Sept.  3.  1654.  but 
 c-^^^^j  they  took  no  Notice  of  it. 
 
 Objections  Mr.  Gatford  obferves,  That  the  Prote£tor  and  his  Coun- 
 Bgainft  it.  c;]  nat|  no  ]egal  Authority  to  make  this,  or  any  other  Or- 
 dinance, without  confent  of  a  Parliament;  whereas  the  In- 
 ftrument  of  Government  empowered  them  to  provide  for 
 the  Safety  of  the  State  by  making  Laws,  till  the  Parlia- 
 ment fhould  meet.  He  obferves  further,  That  fuch  a  Pro- 
 ceeding mu(r  juftify  his  late  Majefty  and  Council  in  all  their 
 illeeal  Proceedings  before  the  Civil  Wars;  that  it  would 
 juftify  the  High  Commiffion  Court;  and,  that  by  the  fame 
 Authority,  an  Ordinance  might  be  publiflied  to  eject  Free- 
 holders out  of  their   Eftates. 
 
 He  complains,  That  the  Power  of  the  Commiffioners  is 
 final,  and  admits  of  no  Appeal;  that  looks  back  to  Crimes 
 antecedent  to  the  Law  for  a  Twelve- month ;  whereas  it 
 ought  only  to  declare,  that  for  the  future  fuch  Offences  fhall 
 be  punidied  with  Deprivation. 
 
 That  the  Commiffioners  who  were  to  fit  in  Judgment 
 upon  the  Clergy  were  all  Laymen,  the  Minifters  being  called 
 in  only  in  Cafes  of  Ignorance  and  Infufficiency ;  that  the 
 Ordinance  admits  of  the  Oath  of  one  Witnefs,  provided  k 
 be  fupported  with  other  concurrent  Evidence,  which  is  con- 
 trary to  the  Laws  of  Gcd  and  Man. 
 
 That  fome  Crimes  in  the  Ordinance  were  none  at  all, 
 and  others  of  a  very  doubtful  Nature ;  as,  how  often  a  Mi- 
 nister omitting  to  pray  and  preach  in  his  Pulpit  fhould  render 
 him  negligent;  and  what  mould  be  deem'd  Non-Refidence. 
 Above  all,  he  complains  that  the  publick  Reading  of  the 
 Common  Prayer  fhould  be  ranked  with  the  Sins  of  Swear- 
 ing and  Drunkennefs,  and  be  an  Evidence  of  a  fcandalous 
 Life  and  Converfation  ;  which  Obfervation  was  unquestion- 
 ably jufr. 
 Dr.  Pordage  To  give  the  Reader  an  Example  or  two  of  the  Proceedings 
 of  the  Commiffioners  :  Thofe  for  Berkshire  fummoned  Dr. 
 Pordage,  RecTor  of  Bradfield,  to  appear  before  them  at 
 Speenham  Land,  near  Newbury,  to  anfwer  to  diuers  Ar- 
 ticles of  Blafphemy  and  Herefy.  After  feveral  Days  hearing, 
 and  WitnefTes  produced  on  both  Sides,  the  Commiffioners 
 determined  Dec.  8.  1654.  that  the  faid  Doclor  was  guilty 
 of  denying  the  Deity  of  Chriftj  the  Merits  of  his  precious 
 Blood  ami  Pa !lion;  and  feveral  other  dangerous  Opinions. 
 *T?s  further  declared  under  the  Hands  of  fix  of  the  Com- 
 •iMiMooei.s.   and  a  iufficient  Number  of  Minifters  their   Affiu 
 
 ftants, 
 
Chap.  III.      of  the    Puritans.  103 
 
 ftants,  that  the  faid  Doctor  was  ignorant,  and  infufficient  Oliver 
 for  the  Work  of  the  Miniftry;  it  is  therefore  ordered,  that  pro^;or- 
 the  faid  Doctor  be,  and  he  is  hereby  ejected  out  of  the 
 Rectory  of  Brad  field,  and  the  Profits  thereof,  but  the  faid 
 Commiflioners  do  grant  him  Time,  till  the  2d  of  February, 
 to  remove  himfelf,  his  Family,  his  Goods  and  Chattels,  out 
 of  the  faid  Perfonage  Houfe  ;  and  further  Time  to  remove 
 his  Corn  out  of  the  Barns,  till  the  25th  of  March. 
 
 The  Oxford  Hiftorian  fays,  this  Pordage  was  a  Dr.  by 
 Charientifmus,  and  had  been  Preacher  of  St.  Lawrence 
 Chwrch  in  Reading  before  be  came  to  Bradfield.  That  he 
 was  a  myftick  Enthufiaft,  and  ufed  to  talk  of  the  Fiery 
 Deity  of  Chrift  dwelling  in  the  Soul,  and  mixing  itfelf  with 
 ourFlefh.  He  dealt  much  in  Aftrologv,  and  pretended  to 
 converfe  with  the  World  of  Spirits.  After  his  Ejectment 
 hewritagainft  the  Commiffionersa  Pamphlet,  entitled,  "  In- 
 "  nocency  appearing  j"  which  was  anfwered  by  Mr.  Chrifto- 
 pher  Fowler,  Vicar  of  St.  Mary,  Reading,  in  his  "  Demonium 
 <f  Meridianum."  However,  the  Doctor  was  reftored  to  his 
 Living  at  Bradfield  at  the  Reftoration. 
 
 The   Wiltfhire  Commiflioners  fummoned    Mr.  Walter  And  Mr. 
 Bufhnel,  Vicar  of  Box,  near  Malmfbury,  before  them,   to  Bufhnel, 
 anfwer  to  a  Charge  of   Drtinkennefs,  Prophanation  of  the 
 Sabbath,  Gaming,    and  DifafFection  to  the   Government; 
 and  after  a  full  Hearing,  and  Proof  upon  Oath,  they  ejected 
 him.     The  Vicar  prepared  for  the  Prefs  a  Narrative  of  the 
 Proceedings  of  the  Commiflioners  appointed   by   O.  Crom- 
 wel  for  ejecting  fcandalous  and  ignorant  Minifters,  in  the 
 Cafe  of  Walter  Bufhnel,  &c.  but  it  was  not  printed  till  the 
 King's  Reftoration;  and  even   then  the   Commiflioners  did 
 themfekes  Juftice  in  a  Reply,  which  they  called,  A  Vindi- 
 cation of  the  Marlborough  Commiflioners,  by  the  Commif- 
 lioners themfelves.    And  Dr.  Chambers,  who  was  reproached 
 by  thefdid  Bufhnei,  did  himfelf  Juftice  in  a  diftinct   Vindi- 
 cation.    However,  the  Vicar  was  reftored  to  his  Vicarage  in 
 a  Lump,  with  the  reft  at  the  Reftoration. 
 
 Upon  the  Whole,  the  induftrious  Dr.  Walker  fays,  he 
 can  find  no  Footfteps  of  the  Numbers  of  Clergy  that  were 
 ejected  by  the  Commiflioners,  tho' he  imagines  they  might 
 be  confiderable.  But  I  am  well  fatisfied,  there  were  none 
 of  any  Character ;  for  there  were  not  a  great  many  zealous 
 Loyalifts  in  Pofleflion  of  Livings  at  this  Time;  and  thofe 
 that  were,  had  the  Wifdom  to  be  filent  about  publick  Af- 
 fairs, while  they  faw  the  Eyes  of  the  Government  were  up- 
 on them  in  every  Corner  of  the  Land.     The  Commiflioners 
 
 G  4  contti- 
 
104 
 
 The  HISTORY       Vol.  IV. 
 
 Oliver 
 
 Protector 
 
 1654. 
 
 Commifli 
 oners  for 
 Wales. 
 Scobel, 
 P-  347' 
 
 Sad  State  of 
 that  Princi- 
 pality. 
 
 Calamy's 
 Com!1, 
 of  Church 
 and   Dif- 
 fcntert. 
 
 continued  to  a&  for  fome  Time  after  the  Prote&or's  Death, 
 and  were  a  greater  Terror  to  the  Fanaticks,  than  to  the  regu- 
 lar Clergy  of  any  Denomination. 
 
 The  Protector  and  his  Council  pafled  another  Ordinance, 
 Auguft  30.  for  the  Service  of  Wales,  appointing  Sir  Hugh 
 Owen,  and  about  Eighteen  other  Commiflioners,   for   the 
 fix  Counties  of  South  Wales,  with  the  County  of  Mon- 
 mouth ;    and  Matthew  Morgan,   with  about  Twelve  other 
 Commiflioners,  for  the  fix  Counties  of  North  Wales ;  any 
 Three  of  which  were  empowered   to  call  before  them,  all 
 fuch,  who  by  Authority  of  the  Actfor  propagating  the  Crof- 
 pel  in  Wales,  had  received,  or  difpofed  of  any  of  the  Pro- 
 fits of  the  Rectories,    Vicarages,  &c.  in  that  Principality ; 
 and  to  give  an  Account  upon  Oath,  of  all  fuch   Rents  and 
 Profits ;  and  the  Surplus  Money  in  the  Hands  of  the  Com- 
 miflionerSj  to  be  paid  into  the  Exchequer. 
 
 To  fet  this  Affair  before  the  Reader  in  one  View;  the 
 Principality  of  Wales,   by  reafon  of    the  Poverty  of  the 
 People,    and   the  fmall  Endowments  of   Church   Livings, 
 was  never  well  fupplied  with  a  learned  or  pious  Clergy ;  the 
 People  were  generally  very  ignorant,  and  but  one  remove 
 from  Heathens.     In  1641.  a  Petition   was  prefented  to  the 
 King  and  Parliament,  which  declares,  That  there  were   not 
 fo  many  confcientious  and  conftant  Preachers  in  Wales  as 
 there  were  Counties;  and  that  thefe  were  either  filenced,   or 
 much  perfecuted.     The  Civil  Wars  had  made  their  Condi* 
 tion    worfe;    for  as  they  generally  adhered  to   the  King, 
 and  received  great  Numbers  of  Irifh  Papilts  into  their  Coun- 
 try, their  Preachers  went  into  his  Majefty's  Service,  or  fled; 
 from  their  Cures,  when  the  Parliament  Forces  took  Poflef- 
 for  propagat-  fi°n  °f  &     After  the  King's  Death  the  Parliament  pafTed  the 
 iag  the  Gof-  Ordinance  already  mentioned,  for  the  better  propagating  the 
 riiim^f168'  Preacrimg  °f  the  Gofpel  in  Wales,  and  for  ejecting  fcandalous 
 Minifters  and  School-Maffers,  andforRedrefsof  fome  Grie- 
 vances;   it  bears  Date  Feb.   22.  1649.  and  empowers  the 
 Commiffioners  therein  mentioned,  or  any  Twelve  of  them, 
 to  receive  and  difpofe  of  all  and  fingular  Rents,  IfTues,  and 
 Profits  of   all  Ecclefiaftical    Livings,    Impropriations,    and 
 Glebe  Lands,  within  the  faid  Counties,  which  then  were,  or 
 afterwards  fhould  be  under  Sequeftration,  or  in  the  Difpofal 
 of    the    Parliament,    and    out  of   them  to  order  and  ap- 
 point a  conftant   yearly   Maintenance   for   fuch  Perfons  as 
 fhould    be   recommended^    and    approved   for    the    Work 
 of   the  Miniftry,    or    Education    of    Children  j    and  for 
 
 ftieh 
 
 Ca'amy's 
 Comp. 
 of  Church 
 and  Dif- 
 ienters. 
 p.  46. 
 
Chap.  III.  of  the  P  u  r  i  t  a  n  s.  105 
 
 luch  other  Minifters  as  were  then  refiding  in  the  faid  Coun-     °^lrm 
 ties.     The  Ordinance  to  continue  in  Force  for  three  years,      l6-4. 
 from  March  25.  1650.  \_    m    ^ 
 
 By  virtue  of  this  Ordinance  many  were  ejected,  but  not 
 all,  for  in  Montgomeryfhire  eleven  or  twelve  remained,  a? 
 did  feveral  in  other  Counties ;  but  all  that  were  ejected  were 
 for  manifeft  Scandal.  After  this,  Complaints  being  made, 
 that  the  People  were  turning  Papifls  or  Heathens,  for  want 
 of  the  Word  of  God,  feveral  were  fent  into  Montgomery- 
 fhire, where  there  were  at  leaft  fixteen  Preachers,  of  which 
 ten  were  Univerfity  Men,  the  meaneff.  of  which  were  ap- 
 proved and  fettled  in  Parifhes  at  the  Reftoration.  The 
 Commifiioners  were  empowered  to  examine  into  the  Beha- 
 viour of  fuc'h  as  were  reputed  Ignorant,  Infufficient,  Non- 
 Refident,  Scandalous,  or  Enemies  to  the  prefent  Govern- 
 ment. And  it  being  impofiible  to  fill  up  the  vacant  Livings 
 with  fuch  as  could  preach  in  the  Welfh  Language,  the  Re- 
 venues were  to  be  collected  and  brought  into  a  common 
 Treafury,  out  of  which  one  hundred  pounds  per  Annurrf 
 was  to  be  given  to  fundry  itinerant  Preachers  in  each  County. 
 
 Dr.  Walker  fays,  that   from   the  Account  drawn  up  by  Numbws 
 the  Commifiioners  themfelves  in  April  1652.it  appears,  thateJeaetL 
 there  had  been  ejected  in  South  Wales,  and  Monmouth- 
 fhire,  one  hundred  feventy  five  Miniflers ;  that  is,   fifty  fix 
 from  the  year  1645.  to  the  time  when  this  Act  took  place, 
 and  one  hundred  and  nineteen  by  the  prefent  Commifiioners. 
 JVIr.  Vavafor  Powel,  who  had  a  chief  Hand  in  the  Seque- 
 strations, fays,  that  by  virtue  of  this  Act  between  fifty  and 
 fixty  of  the  old  Clergy  were  difpoffefled  of  their  Livings 
 when  he  writ.     Upon  the  whole,  the  Commifiioners  who 
 continued  to  act  as  long  as  the  Protector  lived,  charge  them- 
 felves with  between  three  hundred  and   twenty,  and   three 
 hundred  and  thirty  feveral  diflinct  Livings ;  but  there  could 
 not  be  an  equal  Number  of  fequefler'd  Clergymen,  becaufe 
 in  the  compafs  of  feven  years  a  great  many  muft  die  ;  fome 
 fled,  or  were  £/7Ied  in  the  Wars ;  in  many  Parifhes  the 
 Tithes  were  not  duly  paid  by  reafon   of  the  Confufion  of 
 the  Times,  and  the  Livings  being  but  from  five  to  ten,  or 
 twenty  pounds  a  year,  mod  of  the  Incumbents  were  Plu- 
 ralities.    It  is  computed  that  about  one  half  of  the  Church- 
 Lands  and  Revenues  in  the  Principality  of  Wales,  by  the 
 feveral  Accidents  of  Death,  Defertion,  Sequeftration,   &c. 
 fell  into  the  Hands  of  the  Government  before  the  Expira- 
 tion  of  this  Ordinance  in  1653.  the  Profits  of  which,  if 
 duly  collected,  and  paid,  muft  amount  to  a  very  confidefable 
 
 Sum. 
 
The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y        Vol.  IV. 
 
 Sum.  There  were  thirteen  Counties  in  North  and  South 
 Wales  within  the  Limits  of  the  Commifiion  ;  but  the 
 large!}  fufn  that  the  Sequestrators  and  Agents  charge  them- 
 felvcs  with  for  the  County  of  Brecknockfhire,  in  any  one 
 Year,  'till  the  Year  7658.  when  the  Propagation  had  fub- 
 fifted  eight  Years,  is  one  thoufand  five  hundred  forty  three 
 pounds,  by  which  the  Reader  may  make  a  tolerable  com- 
 putation of  the  whoie  ;  and  if  we  may  believe  Mr.  Whit- 
 p.  518,  lock,  who  lived  through  thefe  Times,  that  in  the  Year 
 1653.  there  were  one  hundred  and  fifty  good  Preachers  in 
 the  thirteen  WeJfh  Counties,  moll:  of  whom  preached 
 three  or  four  times  a  Week  ;  that  in  every  Market-Town 
 there  was  a  School-'VTafter,  and  in  mod  great  Towns  two, 
 able,  learned,  and  Univerfity  Men  ;  that  the  Tithes  were 
 all  employed  to  the  Ufes  directed  by  Act  of  Parliament, 
 there  can  be  no  great  reafon  to  complain  of  the  negligence 
 of  the  Commiflloners. 
 Their  The  crimes  for  which  the  old  Clergy  were  ejected,  were 
 
 Crimes.  Malignancy,  Infufficiency,  Drunkennefs,  and  Negligence 
 of  their  Cures.  Mr.  Vavafor  Powel  fays,  That  "  of  all 
 u  the  Men  they  had  put  out  in  North  Wales,  he  knew  not 
 "  any  that  had  the  power  of  Godlinefs,  and  very  few  the 
 **  Form;  but  that  moft  of  them  were  unpreaching  Curates, 
 "  or  fcandalous  in  their  Morals."  The  CommifTioners 
 affirm,  That  "  of  the  fixteen  they  had  difpoffeffed  in 
 "  Cardiganshire  there  were  but  three  that  were  Preachers, 
 "  and  thofe  molt  fcandalous  Livers."  And  Mr.  Baxter  ad- 
 mits, That  *'  they  were  all  weak,  and  bad  enough  for  the 
 "  moft  part."  But  the  Writers  on  the  other  fide  lay, 
 That  the  CommifTioners  had  no  regard  to  Ability  in  Preach- 
 ing, or  Sobriety  in  Con verfation.  And  Dr.  Walker  thinks, 
 the  fequeifer'd  Welch  Clergy  need  no  other  Vindication 
 than  to  let  the  World  know,  "  That  many  of  them  were 
 "  Graduates  in  the  Univerfity  ;"  as  if  every  Graduate 
 mu'.r.  of  Courfe  be  poffefied  of  all  minifterial  Qualifications. 
 There  might  pofiibly  be  fome  few  pious  and  induirrious 
 Preachers  among  the  ejetled  Weifh  Clergy  ;  but  they  who 
 will  argue  very  (trenuoufly  in  favour  of  the  Body  of  them, 
 rauft  know  very  little  of  the  country,  or  their  manner  of 
 fife. 
 Tfceii  me-  ^  vvas  not  m  tne  Power  or*  tne  CommifTioners  to  find  a 
 ehod  of  tup-  Succeition  of  pious  and  learned  Preachers  in  the  Welch 
 piungthe  Language;  But  to  remedy  this  in  the  befl  manner  they 
 could,  they  appointed  fix  itinerant  Preachers  of  Univerfity 
 Kd ligation  jbr  each  County,  to  whom  they  allowed  one  hun- 
 dred 
 
Chap.  III.      of  the  Puritan  s. 
 
 d red  pounds  per  Annum  ;  befides  which,  they  lent  out  thir- 
 ty two  Minifters,  of  whom  twenty  four  were  Univerilty 
 Men,  and  fome  of  the  reft  good  Scholars  ;  but  thefe  were 
 too  few  for  the  Work,  though  they  were  indefatigable  in 
 their  pains.  To  fupply  what  was  further  wanting,  they 
 approved  of  feveral  Gifted  Laymen,  Members  of  Churches, 
 to  travel  into  the  neighbourhood,  and  afllft  the  people's  de- 
 votions, and  to  thefe  they  allowed  from  feventeen  to  twen- 
 ty pounds  per  Annum.  In  an  article  of  the  Sequestrators 
 Accompts  there  appears  three  hundred  and  forty  pounds  per 
 Annum  diftributed  among  godly  Members  of  the  Church 
 of  Lanvacles,  and  Mynthift  Loyn,  who  had  been  fent  out 
 to  exercife  their  Gifts  among  the  Welch  Mountaineers,  and 
 to  help  forward  the  Work  of  the  Lord.  Many  others  of 
 the  fame  Quality  were  approved  by  the  Commiflioners,  who 
 went  through  great  difficulties  and  hardfhips  in  their  work. 
 Mr.  Powel  fays,  that  fome  hundreds,  if  not  thoufands,  had 
 been  converted  and  reformed  by  the  Propagators.  But  af-  Ca!amy*9 
 ter  all,  it  muft  be  allowed,  that  at  firft  the  number  of  Iti-  Comp.  p. 
 nerants,  both  Scholars  and  others,  was  by  no  means  equal  4 
 to  their  Work  j  the  Parifhes  in  that  mountainous  Country 
 are  large  and  wide,  and  there  being  but  one  Itinerant  to 
 feveral  of  thofe  Parifhes,  the  People  muft  be  neglected,  and 
 their  Children  too  much  without  Inftruction  ;  but  this  was 
 owing  to  the  NeceiTity  of  the  Times. 
 
 When  the  Commiflioners  had  acted  about  two  years,  a  Petitions 
 Petition  was  prefented  to  the  Parliament  by  the  Inhabitants  againft  the 
 of  South  Wales,  figned  by  above  a  thoufand  hands,  in  fa-  ^n°e™mifll" 
 vour  of  the  old  ejected  Clergy,  fetting  forth,  the  Numbers 
 that  had  been  difpoffeffed,  and   the  want   of  a  competent 
 number  of  Preachers  in  their  places,  upon  which  account 
 the  Country  was  reduced  to   a    very   miferable  Condition. 
 They  therefore  pray  the  Houfe  to  take  fome  Courfe  for  a 
 future  fupply   of  godly  and   able  Preachers  j    and   to   call 
 thofe  perfons  to  account  who  had  received  all  the  Profits  of 
 Church  Livings  into  their  Hands.     The  Houfe  received  the  Walker,  p. 
 Petition,  and   referr'd  it  to  the  Committee  for   plundered  ,63, 
 Minifters,    who  were   empowered  to  examine  Witneffes, 
 and  to  authorize  other  Commiflioners  in  the  Country  to  ex- 
 amine Witneffes  upon    Oath,  touching  the  Matters  con- 
 tained in  the  Petition.     The  Committee  ordered  the  Com- 
 miffioners  to  bring  in   their  Accounts  in  a  Month's  time, 
 which  they  did  accordingly.     And  the  Petitioners  were  or- 
 dered to  give  in  the  Particulars  on  which  they  dc  fired  Wit- 
 neffes 
 
io8 
 
 The  H  I  S  T  O  R  T 
 
 Vol,  IV. 
 
 Oliver 
 
 l^rotettor. 
 
 1654. 
 
 Farther 
 
 nefles  might  be  examined,  within  two  Days  ;  but  not  be- 
 ing provided,  they  defired  Liberty  to  make  good  their  Alle- 
 gations in  the  Country  ;  to  which  the  Commiflioners  will- 
 ingly agreed.  But  this  taking  up  fome  time,  the  Long 
 Parliament  was  diflblved,  and  the  Profecution  of  this  En- 
 quiry fufpended  for  the  prefent  ;  but  as  foon  as  the  Protec- 
 tor was  fixed  in  his  Government,  he  publifhed  an  Ordi- 
 nance, Aug.  20.  1654.  to  bring  the  Propagators  to  an  Ac- 
 count ;  purfuant  to  which  the  Sequestrators  and  Treafurer 
 for  South  Wales  delivered  in  their  Accounts  for  the  Years 
 1650,  1651,  1652,  which  was  all  the  Time  the  Ordi- 
 nance was  in  Force ;  and  the  Commiflioners  appointed  by 
 the  Protector  having  received  and  examined  them,  after 
 a  full  Enquiry  allowed  and  pafTed  them,  Aug.  10.  1655. 
 It  is  hard  to  exprefs  with  decency  the  reproaches  caft 
 Complaints  upon  thefe  Commiflioners  by  our  angry  Hiftorians,  who 
 apatnfi  have  charged  them  with  all  manner  of  Corruption,  as  if 
 they  had  got  great  Eftates  out  of  the  Revenues  of  the 
 Church,  tho'  without  producing  a  fingle  Example.  Mr. 
 Powel,  who  took  more  pains  among  them  than  any  Man 
 of  his  time,  declares,  that  he  never  received  for  all  his 
 preaching  in  Wales,  by  Salary,  above  fix  or  feven  hun- 
 dred pounds ;  that  he  never  had  any  thing  from  the  Tithes. 
 And  whereas  it  was  faid,  That  he  had  inriched  himfelf  by 
 purchasing  fome  thoufands  a  year  of  Crown  Lands,  he  pro- 
 tefts,  that  he  never  purchafed  above  feventy  pounds  a  year, 
 which  he  loft  at  the  Reftoration.  And  if  Mr.  Powel  did" 
 not  enrich  himfelf,  I  apprehend,  none  of  his  Brethren 
 could.  Befides,  if  this  had  been  true,  the  Protectors  Com- 
 miflioners would  have  difcovered  them  ;  or  if  they  had  ef- 
 caped  the  Protestor's  Enquiry,  their  enemies  would  have 
 expofed  them  at  the  Reftoration,  when  King  Charles  ap- 
 pointed a  Commifllon  to  make  the  ftri&eft  Enquiry  into  their 
 Management.  "  All  perfons  who  had  a&ed  as  Commif- 
 w  doners  for  propagating  the  Gofpel,  were  by  his  Majefty's 
 '*  inftru&ions  to  be  fummoned  before  his  Commiflioners  j 
 "  and  all  that  had  a&ed  under  them  as  Farmers,  Tenants, 
 '*  &c.  all  that  had  fucceeded  in  the  fequefter'd  Livings, 
 "  or  received  any  of  the  profits  ;  all  Parifhioners,  who 
 "  had  kept  any  of  the  Tithes  in  their  Hands  ;  the  Heirs, 
 "  Executors,  or  Adminiftrators,  of  any  of  the  afore- 
 "  faid  perfons ;  and  all  credible  perfons,  who  could  give 
 "  Evidence  of  any  of  thefe  Matters,  They  were  like- 
 *'  wife  to  enquire  after  Books  and  Writings,  and  to 
 "  fignify  to  all  perfons  concerned,    that  if    they  would 
 
 "  forth- 
 
 CaUmy's 
 
 Com  p. 
 
Chap.  III.     of  the  Puritans.  109 
 
 "  forthwith  apply  to  his  Majefty's  Commiffioners,    they     Oliyw 
 "  might  compound  for  what  they  flood  charged  with,  and      Je"°r* 
 '*  fo  avoid  the  expence  of  a  Law  Suit."     But  after  all  this 
 mighty  noife  and  fcrutiny  nothing  of  any  confequence  ap- 
 peared, ahd  therefore  it  was  thought  proper   to  drop   the 
 Commiflion,  and  bury   the  whole  Affair  in   filence.     Mr. 
 Vavafor  Powel,  above-mentioned,  was  cruelly  handled  by 
 the  Welch  Clergy,  but  he  did  himfelf  Juftice  in  a  Pamphlet, 
 entitled,  "Examen&  PurgamenVavaforis,"  publifhed  1 65  3 .  Walker,  p. 
 wherein  he  vindicates  his  Proceedings   in  the  Propagation.149* 
 And  when  he  was  in  the  Fleet  after  the   Reftoration,  he 
 publifhed  a  brief  narrative  concerning  the  Proceedings  of 
 the  Commiffioners  in  Wales  againft  the  ejected  Clergy,  oc- 
 cafioned  by  a  report  that  he  had  been  thrown  into  that  prifon 
 for  fome  of  the  Revenues ;  which  was  never  anfwered. 
 
 By  an  Ordinance  of  September  2.  Commiffioners  were  Ordinance 
 appointed  to  enquire  into  the  yearly  value  of  all  Ecclefiafti-  for  uniting 
 cal  Livings  and   Benefices   without  Cure   of  Souls ;  what   .  d 
 
 Perfon  Or  Perfons  received  the  profits,  and  who  was  the  Pa-  dividing 
 tron  ;  arid  to  certify  the  fame  into  Chancery  ;  and  if  upon  grater. 
 a  careful  confideration  of  things,  it  fhall  be  found  convenient  S^"  ' po 
 and  advantageous,to  unite  two  Parifhes  or  more  into  one,  and 
 that  the  whole  Ecclefiaftical  Revenues,  Tithes,  and  Profits 
 belonging  to  the  faid  Parifhes  fo  united,  fhould  be  applied 
 for  a  Provifion  for  one  godly  and  painful  Minifter,  to  preach 
 in  the  faid  united  Parifhes,  then  the  Truftees,  or  Com- 
 miffioners appointed  by  this  Act  fhall  prefent  the  fame  to 
 his  Highnefs  and  Council,  upon  whofe  approbation  they 
 fhall,  by  an  Inftrument  under  the  Hands  and  Seals  of  any 
 five,  or  more  of  them,  declare,  that  they  do  thereby  unite 
 fuch  Parifhes  into  one  ;  which  Inftrument  being  enrolled  in 
 Chancery,  the  faid  Parifhes  from  thenceforth  fhall  be  ad- 
 judged and  taken  to  be  confolidated  into  one.  If  there  hap- 
 pen to  be  more  Patrons  than  one  in  the  Parifhes  thus  united, 
 the  Patrons  fhall  prefent  by  turns ;  but  the  Union  fhall  not 
 take  place  till  tbe  avoidance  of  one  of  the  Livings  by  death 
 of  the  incumbent. 
 
 On  the  other  hand,  where  Parifhes  were  too  large,  the 
 Truftees  for  the  Augmentation  of  poor  Livings  were  em- 
 powered to  divide  them  into  two,  or  more,  upon  their  avoid- 
 ance by  death. 
 
 Further,  if  when  two,  or  more  Parifhes  were  united  in- 
 to one,  the  Income  or  Salary  did  not  amount  to  one  hun- 
 dred pounds  per  annum,  the  Truftees  for  the  receiving  Im- 
 propriations, Tithes,  Firft  Fruits,  and  Tenths,  &c.  were  di- 
 rected 
 
no 
 
 O  iver 
 
 Prou 
 1654 
 
 Proteftor 
 for  encou- 
 raging 
 Learning. 
 Whkl.  p. 
 588. 
 
 Viiitors  for 
 the  Univer- 
 fities. 
 Scobel,  p. 
 366. 
 
 The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y         Vol.  IV. 
 
 rected  to  make  up  the  deficiency ;  and  where  there  was  a 
 considerable  Sui  r';'s  they  might  take  off  the  Augmentati- 
 ons formerly  Provided  this  Ordinance  be  not 
 conftrued  to  reftrain  fai  :  Truftees  from  granting  Aug- 
 mentations to  Preachers  in  Cities  and  Market  Towns,  where 
 there  final!  be  caufe,  to  a  greater  proportion,  with  the  con- 
 fen  t  or  the  Protector  and  his  Council.  This  was  a  noble 
 and  generous  deilgn  ;  and  if  the  Protector  had  lived  to  have 
 feen  it  executed,  mud  have  been  of  general  Service  to  the 
 Body  of  the  Clergy.  I 
 
 Though  his  Highnefs  himfelf  was  no  great  Scholar,  he 
 was  a  Patron  of  Learning  and  learned  Men  :  He  fettled  one 
 hundred  pounds  a  year  on  a  Divinity  Profeflbr  in  Oxford  ; 
 and  gave  twenty  four  rare  Manufcripts  to  the  Bodleian  Li- 
 brary ;  he  erected  and  endowed  a  College  in  Durham  for 
 the  Benefit  of  the  Northern  Counties,  Mr.  Frank  land, 
 M.  A.  being  one  of  the  firil  Fellows.  But  thefe,  and  fbme 
 other  Defigns  that  he  had  formed  for  the  advancement  of 
 Learning,  died  with  him. 
 
 In  order  to  fecure  the  Education  of  youth  he  took  care 
 to  regulate  both  Univerfities,  by  appointing  new  Vifitors, 
 the  former  ceafing  with  the  diilolution  of  the  Long  Parlia- 
 ment, viz. 
 
 For  the  Univerfity  of  Oxford, 
 
 The  Vice  Chancellor  for  the  Time  being, 
 
 Dr.     Harris,     Prefident    of 
 
 Trinity  College, 
 Dr.  Rogers,  Principal  of  New 
 
 Inn  Hail, 
 Dr.  T.  Goodwin,  Prefident  of 
 
 Magdalen  College, 
 Dr.    John    Owen,   Dean   of 
 
 Chrift  Church, 
 Dr.  Hen.   Wilkinfon,  Marg. 
 
 Profeflbr  of  Divinity, 
 Dr.  Peter  French,  Prebend  of 
 
 Chrift  Church, 
 Dr.  John  Conant,   Rector  of 
 
 Exeter  College, 
 Dr.  JohnGoddard,  Ward,  of 
 
 Merton  College, 
 
 Mr  Thankful   Owen,    Pref. 
 
 of  St.  John's, 
 Mr.  Stephens,    Principal   of 
 
 Hart  Hall, 
 Mr.  James  Baron,  of  Magd. 
 
 College, 
 Mr.  Francis  Howel,    Fellow 
 
 of  Exeter  College. 
 William,  V ifc.  Say  and  Seal, 
 Nathaniel  Fiennes,   Efq; 
 Bultlrode  Whitlock,  Coram. 
 
 of  the  Great  Seal, 
 Samuel  Dunch,  Efq; 
 Sir  John  Dreyden, 
 Rich.  Ingoldlby,  Efq; 
 John  Crew,  Efqj 
 
 George 
 
Chap,  III.       of  the  Puritans. 
 
 George  Fleetwood,     }  -pr         Jonn  Jenkinfon, 
 John  Bright,  £     ^FS' Greenfield. 
 
 For  the  Univerfity  of  Cambridge, 
 
 The  Vice  Chancellor  for  the  Time  being, 
 
 III 
 
 Oliver 
 ■tLlqs;   Protector. 
 1654- 
 
 Dr.  Tuckney,  Mafter  of  St. 
 
 John's  College, 
 Dr.   Arrowfmith,   Mafter  of 
 
 Trinity  College, 
 Dr.    Horton,     Prefident     of 
 
 Queen's  College, 
 Dr.  Sarn.  Bolton,  Mafter  of 
 
 Chrift's  College, 
 Dr.  Law.  Seaman,  Mafter  of 
 
 Peter  Houfe, 
 Dr.  Lightfoor,  Mafter  of  Ka- 
 
 therine  Hall, 
 Mr.  John   Sadler,  Mafter  of 
 
 Magdalen  College;, 
 Dr.  Whitchcot, 
 Dr.  Cudworth, 
 Mr.  Worthington,   Mafter  of 
 
 Jefus  College, 
 Mr.  Dillingham,    Mafter  of 
 
 Emanuel  College, 
 Mr.  Simpfon,  Mafter  of  Pem- 
 broke Hall, 
 Mr.     Templer,     Fellow    of 
 
 Trinity  College, 
 
 Mr.  Mowbrey,  Fellow  of  St. 
 
 John's  College, 
 Mr.  William  Mofes,    Fellow 
 
 of  Pembroke  Hall, 
 Mr.  Wood,  Fellow  of  Magd. 
 
 CoHege. 
 
 Henry  Cromwell, 
 
 Henry  Lawrence,  Lord  Pre- 
 fident of  his  Highnefs's 
 Council, 
 
 J.   Lambert, 
 
 J.    Delborough, 
 
 Sir  Gilbert  Pickering, 
 
 Col.  Ed.  Montague,     \i?r 
 
 Francis  Rouie,  |     ™ 
 
 Oliver  St.  John,  Lord  Ch. 
 Juftice  of  Com.  Pleas, 
 
 J.   Thurloe, 
 
 Robert  Caftle, 
 
 Tho.  Bendifh,  J>  Efqs; 
 
 Rob.  Viner, 
 
 Griffith  Lioyd, 
 
 Sir  William  Strickland. 
 
 }e% 
 
 Any  feven,  or  more  of  the  Commiflioners  above-named, 
 were  authorized  to  vifit  all  Colleges  and  Halls  within  their 
 refpe&ive  Universities;  to  examine  what  Statutes  were  nt 
 to  be  abrogated,  altered,  or  added,  and  to  exhibit  the  fame 
 to  his  Highnefs,  and  the  Parliament.  They  are  further 
 authorized,  to  explain  fuch  Statutes  as  are  ambiguous  and 
 obfeure  ;  to  determine  Appeals;  and  are  to  be  affifted  up- 
 on all  occafions  by  the  Mayor,  Sheriffs,  and  Juftices  of 
 Peace.  The  faid  Vifitors,  or  any  four  of  them,  are  autho- 
 rized to  vifit  Weftminfter  School,  W'inchefter  School, 
 Merchant  Taylor's  School,  and  Eaton  College ;  and  to 
 confider  of  fuch  Statutes  of  the  faid  Schools  as  are  fit  to 
 be  abrogated,    and   of  others   that    may   be  proper  to  be 
 
 added 
 
ii2  The  HISTORY         VfaLJVi 
 
 Oliver      added  for  the  well  Government  of  the  faid  Schools  and  Col- 
 
 Prote&or.      « 
 
 jd54.       Ieg.es- 
 CWJ       The  Vifitors  difcharged  their  duty  with  great  fidelity ; 
 Their  Influ-  and  the  Heads  of  Colleges  had  a   watchful  Eye  over  their 
 mce'  feveral  Houfes.     Drunkennefs,  Swearing,  Gaming,  and  all 
 
 kinds  of  Immorality,  were   feverely  punifhed  ;    Students, 
 Graduates,  and  others,  were  obliged  to  be  at  home  in  pro- 
 per hours ;  the  publick  houfes  were  fearched  ;  and  the  prac- 
 tice of  Religion    in  the  feveral  Colleges  enforced  with  ri- 
 gor.    One  of  the  Profeflbrs  writes,    That  there  was  more 
 frequent  practical  preaching  in  the  Colleges  than  ever  had 
 been  knov/n.     On  the  Lord's  day,  at  different  hours,  there 
 were  three  or  four  Sermons  in  feveral  Churches;  and  on 
 theWeek-days,  Lectures  on  Tuefdays,  Thurfdays,  Fridays 
 and  Saturdays.     The  Tutors  were  very  diligent  in  difcharge 
 of  their  dutv  ;    the  publick  Readings  were  well  attended^ 
 and  the  Students  under  ftric"t.  difcipline  ;   Learning  revived, 
 and  the  Mufes  returned  to  their  Seats,  as   appears   by   the 
 numbers  of  learned  Men  who  adorned  the  Reign  of  King 
 Charles  II.  and  owed  their  education  to  thefe  Times. 
 The  Prote-       The  Protector's  Zeal  for  the  welfare  of  the  Proteftant 
 ctor's  Zeal    Churches  abroad  deferves  a  particular  notice,  and  was  high- 
 far  the  Pr.    jy  va]uecj  by  an   me  reformed  in   foreign  Parts.     He   took 
 Hift.  all  imaginable  care  to  put  himfelf  at  the  head  of  that  In- 
 
 serts, p.    terefl  on  all  occafions,  and  to  fhew  his  Power  in  protecting 
 4*5'  them.      The   Prince  of  Tarente  having  writ  a  refpectful 
 
 letter  to  the  Protector,  his  Highnefs  returned  him  the  follow- 
 ing anfwer,  "  That  it  was  with  extreme  pleafure  he  had  learn- 
 "  ed  by  letters  his  inviolable  zeal  and  attachment  to  the 
 "  Reformed  Churches,  for  which  his  praife  was  the  greater, 
 "  in  as  much  as  he  mewed  that  zeal  at  a  time,  and  in  a  place, 
 "  where  fuch  flattering  hopes  were  given  to  perfons  of  his 
 "  rank  if  they  would  forfake  the  orthodox  Faith  ;  and  where 
 f  thefe  who  continued  ftedfaft  are  threatened  with  fo  many 
 "  Troubles.  He  rejoices  that  his  own  conduct  in  Religion 
 "  was  fo  pleafing  to  him  he  calls  God  to  witnefs,  that  he 
 "  defired  nothing  fo  much  as  an  Opportunity  to  anfwer  the 
 11  Favourable  Opinion  the  Churches  have  of  his  Zeal  and 
 "■  Piety,  by  endeavouring  to  propagate  the  true  Faith,  and 
 "  procure  Reft  and  Peace  for  the  Church.  He  exhorts  the 
 ic  Prince  to  hold  out  firm  to  the  End  in  the  Orthodox  Re- 
 "  ligion  which  he  received  from  his  Fathers ;  and  adds,  that 
 "  nothing  would  bring  him  greater  Glory  than  to  protect: 
 M  it  as  much  as  lay  in  his  Power."  What  projects  the  Pro- 
 tector framed  for  this  Purpofe  will  be  feen  hereafter. 
 
 But 
 
Chap.  III.       of  the  P  u  r  I  t  A  N  s.  113 
 
 But  the  Royal  Intereft  abroad  was  inclining  towards  Po-     Oliver 
 pery  ;  the  Duke  of  York  was  already  perverted  to  the  Ro-    Pr°te£tor« 
 mifh  Faith;   no  Attempts   were  uneffayed  by   the  Queen  «_>--' _j 
 Mother,  the  Queen  of  France,    and  others,   to   gain  the  State  of  the 
 young  Duke  of  Gloucefter,  who  had  been  under  the  In-  R?val  Fa" 
 itruction  of  Parliamentary  Tutors  till  the  laft  Year :  But  this  compl.  Hid. 
 young  Prince  was  too  well  eftablifhed  in  his  Religion  to  be  p.  203, 
 perverted   at  prefent,  upon  which    the  Queen  forbid  him  Kennet's 
 her  prefence;  and  the  Marquifs  of  Ormond  conducted  him  p   <99'# 
 to   his  Brother  at  Cologn.     The  King  was  a  Man  of  no 
 Religion,  and  having  little  to  do,  devoted  his  leifure  Hours 
 to  the   Ladies,  and  other  private  Pleafures.     His  Majefty  cempl.  Kift. 
 hid  fome  trial  (fays  Bifhop  Kennet)  of    his  Confcience  and  p  213. 
 Courage  in  refifting  the  little  Arguments,    or  rather  impor- 
 tunities of  Popery.  The  Papifts  put  him  in  mind,  that  all 
 his  Hopes  from  the  Proteftant  Party  were  at  an  end  ;  that 
 the  Bifhops  were  dead,  except  a  very  few  ;  and  the  Church 
 Lands  fold  ;  and  that  fince  the  late  Defeat  at  Worcefter  the 
 Prefbyterian  Power,  was  deftroyed  ;  all  his  Hopes  therefore 
 muft  be  from  the  Roman  Catholicks,    from  whofe  Power 
 and  Afliftance  only  he  could  now  hope  for  his  Reftoration. 
 But  the  Profpect  was  lo  diftant,  that  the  King,  by  advice  of 
 Lord  Clarendon,  was  prevailed  with  not  to  declare  himlelf 
 openly  at  prefent. 
 
 On  the  laft  of  November  died  the  learned  Mr.  John  Death  ofMr. 
 Selden,  the  Glory  of  the  Englifh  Nation;  He  was  born  in  Sf]?*nX 
 SuiTex,  Dec.  16.  1584.  and  educated  in  Hart  Hall,  Oxford, 
 after  which  he  was  tranfplanted  to  the  Inner  Temple,  where 
 he  became  a  Prodigy  in  the  mod  uncommon  Parts  of  Lear- 
 ning. He  was  a  great  Philologift,  Antiquary,  Herald,  Lin- 
 guift,  Statefman,  and  Lawyer,  but  feldom  appeared  at  the 
 Bar.  He  was  chofen  Burgefs  for  feveral  Parliaments,  where 
 he  mewed  his  protound  Learning  in  Speeches  and  Debates 
 for  the  Liberty  of  the  Subject ;  for  which  he  was  imprifoned, 
 and  feverely  fined  with  Mr.  Pym  in  the  Parliaments  of  161 8, 
 and  1628.  He  was  chofen  again  in  the  Long  Parliament, 
 and  appeared  againft  the  Prerogative,  as  he  had  formerly 
 done.  He  was  one  of  the  Laymen  in  the  Affembly  of  Di- 
 vines, and  by  his  vaft  fldll  in  the  oriental  Learning,  and 
 Jewifh  Antiquities,  frequently  puzzled  the  moil  able  Di- 
 vines. He  writ  many  learned  Works,  which  gained  him 
 the  Title  among  Foreigners,  of  the  Dictator  of  Lear- 
 ning in  the  Englifh  Nation.  Among  other  remarkable 
 Writings  of   our  Author  we  may  reckon   his  Hiftory  of 
 
 Vol.  IV.  H  Tithes, 
 
i644- 
 
 \ 
 
 i!+  The   HISTORY  Vol.  IV. 
 
 Oliver      Tithes,  published  1618,  in  which  he  proves  them  not  to  be 
 i6aa!"     ^ue  to  tne  Chriftian  Clergy  by  divine   inftitution  :  For  this 
 he  was  fummoned  before  the  High  C  cm  million  Court,  and 
 obliged  to  make  a   publick    recantation.     But  after  fome 
 time  his  reputation  was  fo  great,  that  it  was  thought  worth 
 while   to   gain   him  over  to  the  Court ;  and  upon  the   new 
 civilities  he  received  at   Lambeth,  he  was  prevailed  with  to 
 publifh  his  Mare  Claufum  againft  Hugo  Grotius,  which  was 
 efleemed  fuch  an  invaluable   Treafure,    that  it  was  ordered 
 to  be    laid  up  in  the  Court  of  Records.     The  Archbiihop 
 offered    him  preferments,    but    he   would  accept  nothing. 
 Upon   the  firft  preffures  againft  the  Bifhops   he  pubhfhed 
 his  Eutychius  in   Greek  and  Latin,  with  Notes,  in  which 
 he  proves,  that  "  Bifhops  and  Preibyters  differ  only  in  de- 
 "  gree."     He   afterwards   anfwered  his  Majefty's  Declara- 
 tion about    the  CommiiTion  of  Array,   and  was  made  Ma- 
 Iter  of  the  Rolls  by  the  Long  Parliament.     He  had  a  large 
 and  curious  Library  of  Books,  in  the  Frontifpiece  of  each 
 he  ufed  to  write  this  Motto,  Ut£  wuftU  iMv^av,  Above  all, 
 Liberty.     At    length,   being  worn  out  with  age,  and  hard 
 fhidy,   he  died  at  his  Houfe  in  the  White  Fryars,  aged  fe- 
 venty  years,  and  was  magnificently    buried  in  the  Temple 
 Church  on  the  South  fide  of  the  round  walk,  according  to 
 the  Directory,  in  the  prefence  of  all  the  Judges,  fome  Par- 
 liament Men,    Benchers,  and  great  Officers.     His  Funeral 
 Sermon  was  preached  by   Archbifhop  Ufher,  who  acknow- 
 ledged he  was  not  worthy  to  carry  his  Books  after  him.    His 
 Works  are  lately  collected,  and  printed  together  in  fix  Vo- 
 lumes, Folio. 
 Of  the  Re-        Mr.  Thomas  Gataker  was  born  in  London,  1574*   and 
 rerend  Mr.    was  educated  in  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge,  where  he 
 Gauker.       proceeded  M.  A.  and  was  afterwards  removed  to  Sidney  Col- 
 lege, where  he  became  remarkable  for  his  (kill  in  the  He- 
 brew and  Greek  Languages.     After  his  Ordination  he  was 
 chofcn  Minilter   of    Lincoln's  Inn,  and  continued  in  that 
 flation  ten  years  ;  but  in  the  year  161 1,  he   was   prefented 
 to  the  Reclory  of  Rotherhithe,   where  he  continued  till  his 
 death.     In  the  year  1643,  he  was  chofen  a  Member  of  the 
 Affembly  of  Divines,  and  was  an  ornament  and  reputation 
 to  it.     When  the  Earl  of  Manchefler  vifited  and  reform- 
 ed the  University  of  Cambridge,  he   offered  Mr.  Gataker 
 the  Maflerfhip  of  Trinity  College,  but  he  refufed  it  on  the 
 account   of  his   health.     Mr.    Gataker  was  a  vtry  learned 
 Man,  and  a  coniider-able  Critick  and  Linguiii,.  as  appeaw.  by 
 
 his 
 
Chap.  III.        of  the  Puritans.  f*| 
 
 his  Writings,  which  were  very  numerous,   confidering  his     oliver 
 infirm  State  of  Health.     He  was  a  conflant  Preacher ;  of  Pr<^f4°* 
 a  moil  holy  and  exemplary  Life,  but  withal,  of  great  mo-  ._     —  ,_j 
 defty.     It  is   hard,  fays  Mr.   Eachard,   to  fay,  which  was 
 moil  remarkable,  his  exemplary  Piety  and  Charity,  his  po- 
 lite  Literature,  or  his  humility    and  modefty  in  refufing 
 preferments.     He  maintained  a  correfpondence  with  Salma- 
 fius,  Hornbeck,  and  other  learned  Foreigners,  and   was  in 
 high  efteem  both  at  home  and  in  the  Low  Countries,  where 
 he  had  travelled.     He   died  of  age,  and   a  complication  of 
 Infirmities,  July  27th,  1654,  in  the  Eightieth  year  of  his 
 
 Ase- 
 
 Mr.  William  Strong  was  educated  in  Katherine  Hall,  of  Mr. 
 Cambridge,  of  which  he  was  Fellow.  He  wasafterwards  Strong. 
 Rector  of  More  Chrichel  in  Dorfetfhire,  where  he  conti-  Ath-  *?x' 
 nued  till  he  was  forced  to  fly  from  the  Cavaliers  ;  he  then 
 came  to  London  and  was  chofen  one  of  the  Affembly  of 
 Divines,  and  Minifter  of  St.  Dunftan's  in  the  Weft-  After 
 fome  time  he  became  Preacher  at  Weflminfter  Abbey, 
 where  he  died  fuddenly,  in  the  vigor  of  Life,  and  was  bu- 
 ried in  the  Abbey  Church,  July  4th,  1654.  His  Funeral 
 Sermon  was  preached  by  Mr.  Ob.  Sedgwick,  who  fays, 
 that  he  was  fo  plain  in  heart,  fo  deep  in  judgment,  fo  pain- 
 ful in  ftudy,  fo  exact  in  preaching  ;  and  in  a  Word,  fo  fit 
 for  all  the  parts  of  the  miniflerial  Service,  that  he  did  not 
 know  his  equal.  But  after  the  Restoration  his  Bones  were 
 dug  up,  and  removed  to  St.  Margaret's  Church- Yard, 
 with  thofe  of  other  eminent  Prelbyterian  Divines.  He 
 published  feveral  Sermons,  and  Theological  Treatifes  in 
 his  Life- time  ;  and  after  his  Death  there  was  a  Posthumous 
 one  upon  the  Covenants,  in  the  Preface  to  which  Mr. 
 Theophilus  Gale  fays,  that  the  Author  was  a  wonder  of 
 Nature  for  natural  Parts,  and  a  miracle  of  Grace  for  his 
 deep  infight  into  the  more  profound  Mysteries  of  the  Gof- 
 pel.  His  Thoughts  were  fublime,  but  clear  and  penetra- 
 ting, efpeciaiiy  in  interpreting  difficult  Texts. 
 
 Mr.  Andrew  Pern,  was  educated  in  Cambridge,  and  of  Mr. 
 from  thence  removed  to  Welby  in  Northamptonmire,  P«P« 
 where  he  continued  a  zealous,  laborious,  and  fuccefsful 
 Preacher  for  twenty  feven  Years.  In  the  Year  1643,  he 
 was  chofen  a  Member  of  the  Affembly  of  Divines  at  vV'eir- 
 mi  niter.  When  he  was  at  London  he  was  offered  feveral 
 considerable  Preferments,  but  refufed  them,  refclving  to 
 return  to  his  People  at  Welby,  who  honoured  him  as  a  Fa- 
 
 H  Z  therj 
 
n6  The    HISTORY  Vol.  IV- 
 
 Oliver  ^er .  for  by  his  awakening  Sermons,  and  exemplary  Life 
 V°i6c±.r'  anc^  Converfation,  he  accomplifhed  a  great  Reformation  of 
 Manners  in  the  Town.  He  was  full  of  fpiritual  Warmth 
 (fays  the  Writer  of  his  Funeral  Sermon)  filled  with  an  holy 
 Indignation  "againft  Sin,  aclive  in  his  Work  ;  and  never 
 more  in  his  element  than  in  the  Pulpit.  As  his  Life  was 
 holy,  fo  his  death  was  conformable.  He  bleffed  God  that 
 he  was  not  afraid  to  die  ;  nay,  he  earneftly  defired  to  be 
 gone,  often  crying  out,  in  his  lafl  Sicknefs,  "  When  will 
 "  that  Hour  come  ?  one  affault  more  and  this  earthen  Vef- 
 "  fcl  will  be  broken,  and  I  fhall  be  with  God."  He  died 
 the  beginning  of  December,  1654,  before  he  was  arrived 
 to  the  age  of  fixty. 
 Of  Dr.  I^r-  Samuel  Bolton  was  educated  in  Cambridge,  and  from 
 
 Bolton.  thence  removed  to  the  Living  of  St.  Martins  Ludgatc. 
 Upon  his  coming  to  the  City  he  was  chofen  one  of  the  ad- 
 ditional Members  of  the  Affembly  of  Divines,  being  a 
 Perfon  of  great  Name  and  Character  for  Learning,  and 
 practical  preaching.  He  was  a  burning  and  mining  Light 
 (fays  Mr.  Clarke)  an  Interpreter  one  of  a  thoufand,  an  ad- 
 mirable Preacher,  and  his  Life  was  an  excellent  Commen- 
 tary upon  his  Sermons.  Upon  the  death  of  Dr.  Bainbrigge 
 he  was  chofen  Mafter  of  Chrift's  College,  Cambridge, 
 which  he  governed  with  great  wildom  and  prudence  till  his 
 Death,  which  happened  about  the  10th  of  October,  1654. 
 He  was  buried  with  great  folemnity  in  his  Parilh  Church  of 
 Ludgate  on  the  16th  of  the  fame  Month,  very  much  la- 
 mented by  the  London  Clergy  of  thofe  Times, 
 of  Mr.  Mr*  Jer-  Whitaker  was  born,  at  Wakefield  in  Yorkshire, 
 
 Whiuker.  1 5  99,  and  educated  in  Sidney  College,  Cambridge,  where 
 he  proceeded  in  Arts.  He  taught  the  Free  School  at  Oke- 
 ham  in  Rutlandfhire  feven  years,  and  then  became  Minifter 
 of  Stretton  in  the  fame  County,  where  he  continued  thir- 
 teen years.  In  1643,  he  was  nominated  one  of  the  Affem- 
 bly of  Divines  at  Weftminffer,  which  brought  him  to  Lon- 
 don, whqre  he  was  chofen  to  the  Re£toryof  St.  Mary  Mag- 
 dalen Bermondfey,  in  Southwark.  He  preached  three  or 
 four  Sermons  every  week  ;  two  in  Southwark,  one  at  Weft- 
 minffer, and  one  at  Chrift  Church,  London.  He  never 
 withdrew  from  any  opportunity  of  Preaching  if  he  was  in 
 health  ;  and  though  he  preached  often,  his  Sermons  were 
 folid  and  judicious.  He  was  an  univerfal  Scholar,  both  in 
 Arts  and  Languages  ;  well  acquainted  with  the  Fathers  and 
 Schoolmen,  an  acute  difputant,  and  inferior  to  none  in  his 
 Acquaintance  with  the  holy  Scriptures.  He  was  of  the  Pref- 
 
 byterian 
 
Chap.  III.  of  the  P  u  r  i  t  a  n  s^  117 
 
 byterian  Perfuafion,  and  had  a  chief  hand  in  compofing  the  Oliver 
 Defence  of  the  Gofpel  Miniftry,  publifhed  this  year  by  the  Protc«<"-. 
 Provincial  Synod  of  London.  He  refufed  the  Engage-  *  ,4" 
 ment,  and  lamented  the  Wars  between  England,  Scotland, 
 and  Holland.  No  Man  was  more  beloved  by  the  Prefby- 
 terian  Minifters  of  London  than  Mr.  Whitaker.  When  he 
 was  feized  with  the  violent  and  tormenting  pain  of  the  Stone 
 about  the  beginning  of  November,  many  days  of  Prayer 
 and  Failing  were  kept  for  his  Recovery,  but  the  Diftemper 
 was  incurable.  He  bore  his  pains  with  uncommon  patience, 
 fearing  nothing  more  than  to  dishonour  God  by  unreafon- 
 able  complaints.  When  his  Diftemper  was  moft  violent  he 
 would  defire  his  Friends  to  withdraw,  that  they  might  not 
 be  affe&ed  with  his  roarings.  At  length  Nature  being  quite 
 fpent,  he  chearfully  refigned  his  Soul  into  the  Hands  of  his 
 Redeemer,  about  the  fifty  fifth  year  of  his  age.  His  Fu- 
 neral Sermon  was  preached  by  Mr.  Calamy,  who  gave  him 
 a  large  and  deferved  Encomium. 
 
 Mr.  Richard  Vines,  of  whom  mention  has  been  made  al-  Mr.  Rich, 
 ready,    was  born   at  Blazon  in   Leicefterfhire,  educated  in  Vines. 
 Magdalen    College,    Cambridge,    where    he  commenced  Worthies 
 M.  A.     He  was  firft  School-Matter  at  Hinckley,  then  Mi-  P.  ,34.   ' 
 nifter  of  Weddington  in  Warwickshire.     At  the  beginning 
 of  the  civil  War  he  was  driven  from  hisPari(h,    and  forced 
 to  take  fhelter  in  Coventry.     When  the  Affembly  of  Di- 
 vines was  called  he  was  chofen  one  of  their  Number  ;  and, 
 as  Fuller  fays,  was  the  Champion  of  their  Party.     While 
 he   was  at  London  he  became  Minifter  of  St.   Clements 
 Danes  ;  afterwards  he  removed  to   Watton   in  Hartford- 
 fhire,  and   was  chofen  Matter   of  Pembroke  Hall  in  Cam- 
 bridge, but   refigned   that,  and  his  Living  at  St.  Lawrence 
 Jewry,  on  account  of  the  Engagement.     He  was  a  Son  of 
 Thunder,  and  therefore  compared  to  Luther  ;  but  mode- 
 rate and  charitable  to  them  that  differed  from  him  in  judg- 
 ment.    The  Parliament  employed  him  in  all   their  Trea- 
 ties with   the  King ;   and  his  Majefty,   tho'  of  a  different 
 Judgment,  valued  him  for  his  ingenuity,   feldom  fpeaking  to 
 him  without  touching  his    Hat,  which  Mr.  Vines  returned 
 with  moft  refpeftful  Language  and  Geftures.     He  was  an 
 admirable  Scholar  ;  holy  and  pious  in  his  converfation,  and 
 indefatigable  in   his  Labours,  which  watted  his  Strength, 
 and  brought  him   into  a  Confumption,  when  he  had  lived 
 but  about  fifty  fix  years.     He  was  buried  in  his  own  Pariih. 
 Church,  Feb.  7th,  165^,  his  Funeral  Sermon  being  preach- 
 ed by  Dr.  Jaeomb,  who  gave  him  his  juft  commendation. 
 
 H  3  He 
 
n8 
 
 Oliver 
 Protector. 
 1655. 
 
 The  Protec- 
 tor appoints 
 Major  Ge- 
 nerals. 
 
 Enters  into 
 
 an  A'.'i- 
 an;  :    .  th 
 France. 
 
 And  fends 
 Ad.  Blake 
 inro  the 
 Mediterra- 
 nean. 
 
 The    HISTORY         Vol.  IV. 
 
 He  was  a  perfect  Matter  of  the  Greek  Tongue,  a  good 
 Philologifl,  and  an  admirable  Difputant.  He  was  a  tho- 
 rough Calvinift,  and  a  bold  honefc  Man  without  pride  or 
 flattery.  Mr.  Newcomen  calls  him  "  Difputator  acuthTimus, 
 U  concionator  faeliciffimus,  Theologus  eximius.  Many 
 Funeral   Poems    and  Elegies  were   made  upon  his  Death. 
 
 The  Protector  having  diffolved  his  fecond  Parliament 
 without  confirming  their  Acts,  Was  obliged  (till  to  rely  on 
 the  Military  Arm  ;  this,  together  with  the  infurrections  in 
 feveral  parts  of  the  Country,  induced  him  for  his  greater 
 fecurity  to  canton  the  Nation  into  eleven  Diflric~fs,  and 
 place  over  them  Major  Generals,  whofe  CommiiTion  was  to 
 infpect  the  behaviour  of  the  inferior  Commiffioners  within 
 their  DiftricTs;  to  commit  to  prifon  all  fufpected  perfons  ; 
 to  take  care  of  collecting  the  publick  taxes  ;  and  to  fequefter 
 fuch  as  did  not  pay  their  decimation.  They  were  to  en- 
 quire after  all  private  Aflemblies  of  fufpicious  perfons,  and 
 after  fuch  as  bought  up  Arms  ;  after  Vagabonds  and  idle 
 perfons ;  after  fuch  as  lived  at  an  higher  rate  than  they  could 
 afford  j  after  fuch  as  frequented  Taverns  and  Gaming 
 Houles,  and  after  fcandalous  and  unlearned  Miniflers  and 
 School- mailers ;  and  there  was  no  appeal  from  them  but 
 to  the  Protector  and  his  Council.  They  were  ordered  to 
 lift  a  Body  of  Referves  both  Horfe  and  Foot  at  Half-pay, 
 who  were  to  be  called  together  upon  any  fudden  Emergen- 
 cy, and  to  attend  fo  many  days  at  their  own  expence,  but 
 if  they  were  detained  longer  to  have  full  pay;  by  which 
 means  the  Protestor  had  a  fecond  Army  in  view  if  any  dif- 
 after  ihould  bcfal  the  firft  ;  but  thefe  Officers  became  fo 
 fevere  and  arbitrary,  that  his  Highnefs  found  it  neceflary 
 after  fome  time  to  reduce  their  power,  and  when  Affairs 
 were  a  little  more  fettled  to  difiblve  them. 
 
 Having  provided  for  the  fecurity  of  his  Government  at 
 home,  the  Protector  concluded  an  alliance  with  France, 
 Oftob.  23d,  in  which  it  is  remarkable,  that  Lewis  XlVth, 
 is  not  allowed  to  ftile  himfelf  King  of  France,  but  King  of 
 the  French,  his  Highnefs  claiming  the  Protectorfhip  of  that 
 Kingdom  among  his  other  Titles  ;  and  which  is  more  fur- 
 prizing,  the  Name  of  Oliver  ftands  in  the  Treaty  before 
 that  of  the  French  King.  At  the  fame  Time  he  fent 
 Admiral  Blake  with  a  Fleet  into  the  Mediterranean,  who 
 fpread  the  Terror  of  the  Englifh  Name  over  all  Italy, 
 even  to  Rome  itfelf ;  Proceffions  being  made,  and  the  Hofl 
 expofed  for  forty  four  Hours,  to  avert  the  judgments 
 ot  Heaven,    and  preferve  the   patrimony  of   the  Church. 
 
 But 
 
Chap.  III.       of  the  Puritan  s.  119 
 
 But  Blake's  Commiflion  was  only  to  demand  fixty  thoufand     01l^er 
 pounds  of  the  Duke  of  Tufcany,  for  damages  fuftained  by      1655°* 
 the  Englifh  Merchants   while  he  harboured  Prince  Rupert,  ««.■— yL«j 
 which  he  paid  immediately.     The  Admiral  releafed   all  the 
 Englifh  Slaves  on   the  Coaft  of  Barbary  to  the  Number  of 
 four  hundred,    and  obtained  Satisfaction  for  the  Ships  taken 
 by  the  Pirates    of  Algiers,  Tunis,  &c.     Upon  the  whole, 
 he  brought  home  fixteen   Ships  laden   with  booty,   which « 
 failed  up  the  River  Thames  to  the  Port  of  London,  as  a 
 grateful  Spectacle  of  triumph  to  the  People. 
 
 While  Blake  was  in  the  Mediterranean,  Admiral  Pen  and  Jamaica 
 Venables  with  thirty  Men  of  War,  and  fome  Land  Forces,  ^spaai- 
 failed  to  the  Weft   Indies,  with  a  defign  to  furprize   the  ards. 
 Town  of  Hifpaniola  ;  but  mifcarrying  in  the  attempt  they 
 re-imbarked  and  took  poiTeffion  of  the  Ifland  of  Jamaica, 
 which  is  in  pofielTion  of  the  Crown  of  Great  Britain  to  this 
 Day. 
 
 The  Protector  did  not  commiflTon  Blake  to  affault  the 
 Spanifh  Coafts  in  the  Mediterranean,  becaufe  there  was  no 
 open  rupture  between  the  two  Nations  in  Europe  ;  but  the 
 Weft  Indies  not  being  included  in  the  Treaty,  he  thought 
 himfelf  at  liberty  in  thofe  Parts  ;  which  occafioned  a  decla- 
 ration of  War,  on  the  part  of  Spain,  with  all  the  Englifh 
 Dominions  ;  upon  which  Blake  was  ordered  to  cruife  upon 
 the  Spanifh.  Coafts,  and  to  wait  for  the  return  of  the  Plate 
 Fleet,  of  which  he  gave  a  very  good  account  the  next 
 Summer. 
 
 To  fupport  thefe  additional  expences  the  Protector,  by 
 Advice  of  his  Council,  raifed  fome  extraordinary  Taxes 
 before  the  Parliament  met,  which  he  knew  to  be  illegal, 
 and  did  not  pretend  to  juftify  on  any  other  Foot  than  u  the 
 "  abfolute  necefllty  of  the  pubiick  Safety ;  the  diffracted 
 "  condition  of  the  Nation  ;  that  it  was  impracticable  in  the 
 "  prefent  Juncture  to  call  a  Parliament,  or  to  proceed  in 
 "  the  ordinary  coufe  of  Law  ;  and  that  in  extraordinary 
 "  Cafes,  wherein  all  was  at  flake,  fome  extraordinary  Me- 
 "  thods  were  allowable."  How  far  this  reafoning  wrll  ex^ 
 cufe  the  Protector,  or  vindicate  his  conduct,  muft  be  left 
 with  the  Fveader.  But  'tis  agreed  on  all  hands,  that  in 
 things  that  did  not  affect  the  very  Being  of  his  Government 
 he  never  interpofed,  but  let  the  Laws  have  their  free 
 Courfe.  He  had  a  zeal  for  Trade  and  Commerce  beyond 
 all  his  PredecefTors,  and  appointed  a  (landing  Committee  of 
 Merchants  for  promoting  it,  which  met,  for  the  firft  time, 
 in  the  Painted  Chamber,  Nov.  27th,  1655,  and  continued 
 to  his  death.  H  4  The 
 
120  The    HISTORY         Vol.  IV, 
 
 Oliver  The  Provincial   Aflembly  of  London   finding  their  at- 
 
 Pr°!<£r  temPts  to  eftablifh  their  Difcipline  ineffe&ual,  employed 
 ^_  -v— ,_/  themfelves  this  year  in  promoting  the  religious  education  of 
 Proceedings  Youth  ;  for  which  purpofe  they  publifhed  an  Exhortation 
 vLdaiTf  to  Catechifing  ;  with  the  following  Directions  for  the  more 
 (ea\biy.        orderly  carrying  it  on. 
 
 i.  "  That  the  Minifters  on  fome  Lord's  Day  prove  in 
 «  their  Sermons,  the  neceflity  and  ufefulnefs  of  fuch  a 
 "  Work,  and  exhort  all  Parents,  and  Mailers  of  Fami- 
 "  lies,  to  prepare  their  Children  and  Servants  for  it,  by  ca- 
 *'  techifing  them  at  home,  that  they  may  more  readily 
 **  make  their  Anfwers  in  publick. 
 
 2.  "  That  the  Catechifm  to  be  ufed  be  the  Lefler  Cate- 
 "  chifm  of  the  Aflembly  of  Divines.  This  Catechifm  ex- 
 4t  celling  all  others  in  this  refpe£t,  that  every  anfwer  is  a 
 "  perfect  Propofition  without  the  Queftion. 
 
 3.  "  That  the  Perfons  to  be  catechifed  be  Children  and 
 u  Servants,  that  have  not  been  admitted  to  the  Lord*s 
 "  Supper  by  the  Elderfhip. 
 
 4.  "  That  the  time  of  catechifing  be  on  the  Lord's 
 "  Day  in  the  Afternoon,  before  the  Sermon,  to  the  end 
 "  that  the  whole  Congregation  may  receive  benefit  there- 
 «<  by. 
 
 5.  "  That  the  Catechifm  may  be  explained  briefly,  at 
 <(  the  firft  going  over,  that  the  People  may  in  a  fhorttime 
 <l  have  a  notion  of  the  whole  Body  of  Divinity. 
 
 "  6.  That  the  Parifh  be  defired  at  the  common  charge, 
 ™  to  provide  Catechifms  for  the  poorer  Sort,  who  cannot 
 "  well  provide  for  themfelves,  and  that  the  distribution  of 
 **  them  be  referred  to  the  refpe&ive  Minifters. 
 
 7.  "  'Tis  defired,  that  an  account  in  Writing,  what 
 "  progrefs  is  made  in  the  Premifes  may  be  returned  from 
 *4  the  Gaffes  to  the  Provincial  Aflembly  within  Forty  Days 
 *f  after  the  Receipt  hereof. 
 
 "  Signed  in  the  Name,  and  by  the  appointment  of  the 
 «  Aflembly, 
 
 Edmund  Calamy,     Moderator. 
 William  Harrifon,       7  c    -u 
 Wrilliam  Blackmore,   J 
 
 Thefe  Infractions  were  lent  to  the  feveral  ClafTes  of 
 London  ;  and  by  their  Example,  the  aflbciated  Minifters  in 
 the  feveral  Gouuties  of  England  publifhed  the  like  Exhor- 
 tations to  their  Brethren. 
 
 The 
 
Chap.  III.       of  the  Puritans.  121 
 
 The  Occafion  of  this  Proceeding  was  the  Publifhing  two 
 Catechifms  of    Mr.  John  Biddle    a   Socinian,    one  called  a 
 Scripture  Catechifm  ;    and  the  other,    A   Brief  Scripture 
 Catechifm,  for  the  Ufe  of  Children.     Complaints  of  which 
 being  made  to  the  laft  Parliament,  they  were  ordered  to  be 
 burnt  by  the   Hands  of  the  common    Hangman,    and   the 
 Author  to  be  imprifoned  in  the  Gate-Houfe.     Mr.  Biddle 
 had  been  in  Cuflody  for  his  Opinions  before  the  late  King's 
 Death.  While  he  was  there  he  had  publifh'd  twelves  Que- 
 stions or  Arguments  againft  the  Deity  of  the  Holy  Spirit,  in 
 Quarto  1647.  which  was   anfwered  by  Mr.   Pool,    and  the 
 Book  ordered  to  be  burnt.  Next  Year,  being  (till  in  Prifon, 
 he  publifhed  Seven  Articles  againft  the  Deity  of  Chrifr,  with 
 the  Teftimonies  of  feveral  of   the  Fathers  on   this  Head  ; 
 upon  which  fome  Zealots  in   the  Affembly  moved,  that  he 
 might  be  put  to  Death  as  an  Heretick  ;  but  he  went  on,  and 
 being  fet  at  Liberty  in  the  Year  1651.    he  compofed  and 
 publifhed  the   Catechifms    above-mentioned,    in  which  he 
 maintains,  "  (1.)   That  God  is  confined  to  a  certain  place. 
 *'  (2.)  That  he  has  a  bodily  Shape.  (3.)   That  he  has  Paf- 
 f  fions.     (4.)   That  he   is  neither   Omnipotent   nor   Un- 
 "  changeable.    (5.)  That  we  are  not  to  believe  three  Perfons 
 **  in  the  Godhead.    (6.)  That  Jefus  Chrifl  has  not  the  na- 
 "  ture  of  God,  but  only  a  Divine    Lordfhip.     (7.)  That 
 "  he  was  not  a   Prieft  while  upon  Earth,  nor  did  reconcile 
 "  men  to  God.    And,    (8.)  That  there  is   no  Deity  in  the 
 "  Holy  Ghoft."    Thefe  propofitions    were  condemned  by 
 the  Parliament,    and  the  Author  committed  to  the    Gate- 
 Houfe.     But  as  foon   as  the   Protector    had   diffolved   his 
 Parliament  he  gave  him  his  Liberty. 
 
 After  this,  being  of  a  reftlefs  Spirit,  he  challenged  Mr. 
 Griffin,  a  Baptift  Preacher,  to  difpute  with  him  in  St. 
 Paul's  Cathedral,  on  this  QuefHon,  "  Whether  Jefus  Chrifl 
 "  be  the  raoft  High,  or  Almighty  God  ?"  This  occafioning 
 new  Difturbances,  the  Council  committed  him  to  Newgate, 
 but  the  Protector  thought  it  beft  to  fend  him  out  of  the 
 Way,  and  accordingly  tranfported  him  to  Scilly,  and  al- 
 lowed him  one  Hundred  Crowns  a  Year  for  his  Mainte- 
 nance. Here  he  remained  till  the  Year  1658.  When  the 
 noife  being  over,  he  was  fet  at  Liberty  ;  his  Catechifms 
 having  been  anfwered  by  Dr.  Owen,  in  a  learned  and  ela- 
 borate Treatife,  entitled  Vindicise  Evangelicae,     &c. 
 
 After  the  Protector's  Death  Biddle  fet  up  a  private  Con- 
 venticle in  London,  which  continued  till  the  Reftoration, 
 when  the  Church  being  reftored   to  its  coercive  Power, 
 
 he 
 
iZ2  The  HISTORY  Vol.  IV: 
 
 Oliver      he  was  apprehended  while  a  Preaching,    and   committed  to 
 ;  ,5*-  ,*   Prifon,  where  he  died,  in  September,  1662.  and  was  buried 
 , ■  —*_j  ln  tne  burying  ground  in  Old  Bedlam.     He  had  fuch   a  pro- 
 digious memory  (fays  Wood)  that  he  could  repeat  all  St.  Paul's 
 Epiftles  in  Greek,  and  was  reckoned  by  thofe  of  his  Perfuafion 
 a  fober  man,  and  Co  devout,  that  he  ieldom  prayed  without 
 lying  proftrate  on  the  ground. 
 AfevereOr-      Though  it  was  well  known  by  this,  as  well  as  other  ex-. 
 dinanc  a-     amples,  that  the  Protector  was  againft.  all  acts  of   feverity  on 
 aginitriieoid  the  account  of  Religion,  yet  fuch  was  the  turbulent  behavi- 
 ftquerterd     our  0f  the  Loyalifts,   who  threaten'd  an  Affaflinition,    pub- 
 Hughes'sex- liftied  tlie  moft  daiing  libels  againft  the   Government,    and 
 iftAbridg-    were  actually  in  arms,  that  he  thought  it  neceflary  to  crufti 
 iT/klasand  ^em)  anc*  therefore  an  Order  was  published   November  24. 
 Ordinances,   "  That  no  Perfons  after  Jan.  1.   1655-6.  {hall  keep  in  their 
 4to.  p  597.  <<  houfes  or  families  as  Chaplains  or  School-Mafters,  for  the 
 M  education  of   their  children,    any  fequefter'd  or  ejected 
 "   Minifter,    Fellow   of  a  College,  or  School-Matter,  nor 
 *<  permit  their  children  to  be  taught  by  fuch.    That  no  fuch 
 **  perfons  (ball  keep  School  either  publickly  or  privately,  nor 
 te  preach  in  any  publick  place,  or  private  meeting,   of  any 
 <c  others  than  thofe  of  his  own  family  ;  nor  fhall  adminifter 
 u  Baptifm,  or  the  Lord's  Supper,  or  marry  any  perfons,    or 
 ,c  ufe  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer,  or  the  Forms  of  Prayer 
 **  therein  contained,  on  pain  of   being  profecuted,  according 
 «<  to  the  Orders  lately  published  by  his  Highnefs  and  Council, 
 "  for  fecuring  the  Peace  of  the  Commonwealth.  "  Never- 
 "  thelefs  his  Highnefs  declares,  that  towards  fuch  of  the  faid 
 **  perfons  as  have  fmce  their  ejectment  or  fequeftration,  given, 
 t(  or  hereafter  (hall  give,  a  real  Teftimony  of  their  godlineft, 
 '«  and  good  affection  to  the   prefent  Government,    fo  much 
 «*  tendernefs  fhall  be  ufed  as  may  confift  with  the  fafety  and 
 «'  good  of  the  Nation.'* 
 
 This  was  a  fevere  and  terrible  Order  upon  the  Epifcopalians, 
 and  unjuftifiable  in  it  felf ;  but  the  Title  of  the  Act,  which 
 is  an  Ordinance  for  fecuring  the  Peace  of  the  Commonwealth, 
 as  well  as  the  laft  Ciaufe,  fhews  it  was  made  for  the  Safety  of 
 the  Government  againft  a  number  of  men  that  were  under- 
 mining it,  and  was  publifhed  chiefly  in  Terrorem,  for  no  per- 
 fon  was  profecuted  upon  it ;  nor  did  the  Parliament,  that 
 Proteftor  is  met  next  vear,  confirm  it,  which  made  it  abfolutely  void, 
 wiling  to  Dr.     Gauden     prefented    a    Petitionary     Remonftrance 
 
 difpenfewith  t0    the    Protector    againft     this    Order ;    and   Archbifhop 
 a*n°ril*     Uftier     was    defired  to  ufe  his  Intereft  with  his  Highnefs 
 
 in 
 
Chap.  III.       of  the  P  u  r  i  t  a  n  s.  1x3 
 
 in  behalf  of  the  Epifcopal  Clergy  ;    upon    which   (fays   the       Oliver 
 
 165 
 
 Writer  of  the  Archbifhop's  Life)  the  Protector  promifed    ei- 
 
 ther to  recal  his   Declaration,  or  to  prevent  its  being  put  in 
 Execution,  "  provided  the  Cleigy  were  inoffenfive  in  their 
 *'  Language  and  Sermons,  and  {food  clear  in  meddling  with 
 cc  Matters  of    State."    His  Highness  accordingly  laid  the 
 Matter  before  his  Council,  who  were  of  Opinion,  that  it  was 
 not  fafe  for  him  to  recal  his  Declaration,  and  give  open  Li- 
 berty to  Men  who  were  declared  Enemies  to  his  Government,      . 
 but  that  he  fhould  fufpendthe  Execution  of  it  as  far  as  their 
 Behaviour  mould  deferve  ;  fo  that  here  was  no  great  Reafon  of 
 Complaint,  for  notwithftanding  this  Ordinance  the  fober  Epif- 
 copal Clergy  preached  publickly  in  the  Churches,  at  London 
 and  in  the  Country,  as  Dr.  Hall,  afterwards  Bifhop  of    Che- p°rn  jy   ' 
 fter,  Dr.  Ball,  Dr.    Wild,   Dr.    Hardy,  Dr.    Griffith,  Dr.  p.  4I0.* 
 Pearfon,  Bifhop  of  Chefter,  and  others.  Remarkable  are  the  c°mpl.  Hift. 
 Words  of  Bifhop  Kennet  to  this  Purpofe  ;  "  It    is  certain,  p*  223* 
 "  fays  his  Lordfhip,  that  the  Protector  was  for  Liberty,  and 
 "  the  utmoft  Latitude  to  all  Parties,  fo  far  as  confifted  with 
 "  the  Peace  and  Safety  of  his  Perfon  and  Government,  and 
 "  therefore  he  was  never  jealous  of  any  Caufe  or  Sect  on  the 
 tc  Account  of  Herefy  or  FaMhood,  but  on  his  wifer  Accounts 
 '*  of  political  Peace  and  Quiet  j  and  even  the  Prejudice  he 
 "  had   againft  the  Epifcopal  Party  was  more  for  their  being 
 "  Royalifts,  than  for  being  of  the  good  old  Church.     Dr. 
 "  Gunning,  afterwards  Bifhop  of  Ely,  kept  a  Conventicle 
 "  in  London,  in  as  open  a  Manner  as  the  Diffenters  did  af- 
 "  tar  the  Toleration  j  and  fo  did  feveral  other  Epifcopal  Di- 
 «  vines." 
 
 For  the  fame  Reafons  his  Highnefs  girt  the  Laws  clofe  upon  Reafons  of 
 thePapifts,  not  upon  account  of  their  Religion,  but   becaufe  ^Seventy 
 they  were  Enemies  to  his  Government  j  for  in  the  Month  of  papifls. 
 May  a  Proclamation  was  publifhed  for  the  better  executing 
 the  Laws  againft  Jefuits  and  Priefts,  and  for  the  Conviction 
 of  Popifii  Recufants ;  the   Reafon   of    which   the  Protector 
 gives  in  his  Declaration  of  Octob.   31ft.  publifhed  with  the 
 Advice  of    his  Council,  in  thefe  Words  ;  u  Becaufe  it  was      m  . 
 "  not  only  commonly  obferved,    but  there  remains  with  us  p#  2<;5.' 
 "  fomewhat   of     Proof,      that   Jefuits   have    been     found  in  Marg. 
 "  among  discontented   Parties   of   this  Nation,    who   are 
 <c  obferved   to  o,uarrel,  and  fall   out  with   every  Form   of 
 *'  Adminiftration  in    Church   and   State."    The  Protector 
 gave   Notice  of   the  like  kind  to  the    Republicans,    Fifth 
 Monarchy   Men,   Levellers,  and  to  the  Prefbyterians,  that 
 
 they 
 
124  The  HISTORY       Vol.  IV. 
 
 Protestor    they  ^oulcJ  ^and  uPon  tne  fame  Foot  w*tn  tne  Royalifts,  in 
 
 r,°555.0  '    ca^e  of  any  future  Delinquencies. 
 « — -v-^«l      Such  was  the  Protectors  Latitude,  that  he  was  for  indulging 
 He  is  for  en-  the  Jews,  who  petitioned  for  Liberty  of  their  Religion,  and 
 thejewf     for  carryinS  on  a  Trade  in  London.    ManafTeh  Ben  Ifrael, 
 one  of   their  chief  Rabbi's  with  fome  others,    came  from 
 Amfrerdam  to  Whitehall  for  this  Purpofe,  whom  the  Protest- 
 or treated  with  Refperfr,  and  fummoned  an  AfTembly  of  Di- 
 vines, Lawyers,  and  Merchants,  to  confult  upon  the  Affair : 
 The  Divines  were  to  confider  it  as  a  Cafe  of    Confcience  ; 
 the  Lawyers  to  report  how  far  it  was  confident  with  the  Laws 
 of  England;  and  the  Merchants,  whether  it  was  for  the  Ad- 
 vantage of  Trade  and  Commerce.  Bifhop  Burnet  apprehends, 
 that  the  Protector  defigned  the  Jews  for  Spies  in  the  feveral 
 Nations  of  Europe ;  however,  he  was  of  Opinion,  that  their 
 Admiffion  under  certain  Limitations  might  be  for  the  Advan- 
 tage of  Commerce ;  and  told  the  Divines,    that  fince    there 
 was  a  Promife  in  holy  Scripture  of    the   Converfion   of    the 
 Jews,  he  did  not  know  but  the  Preaching  of  the  Chriftian 
 Religion,  as  it  was  then  in  England,    without   I  dolatry  or 
 Superftition,  might  conduce  to  it.     But  the  AfTembly  not  a- 
 greeing  in  their  Opinions,  the  Affair  was  dropt,  and  the  Pe- 
 titioners return'd  to  Holland,    where   ManafTeh  Ben  Ifrael 
 writ  a  handfome  Letter,  now  before  me,    which    he  calls, 
 16  An  Anfwer  to  certain  Queftions  propounded  by  a   noble 
 "  and  learned  Gentleman,  touching  the  Reproaches  cafr.  upon 
 '*  the  Nation  of  the  Jews,  wherein   all  Objections  are  can- 
 *'  didly  and  fully  ftated."  The   famous  Mr.  Prynne  and  Mr. 
 Dury  a  Prefbyterian  Minifter,  writ  fiercely  againft  the   Ad- 
 miffion of  the  Jews  ;  but  other  Divines  whom  the  Protect- 
 or confulted,    were  for  admitting  them  with  fome  Limitati- 
 ons. I  mall  report  their  Refolution  on  this  Point  in  their  own 
 Language. 
 
 Queftion,  "  Whether  the  Jews,  at  their  Defire,  may  be 
 "  admitted  into  this  Nation  to  traffick  and  dwell  among  us, 
 "  as  Providence  fhall  give  Occafion?" 
 
 The  Anfwer  of  thofe  that  were  againft  it,  was,  that  they 
 could  not  think  it  lawful,  for  the  following  Reafons. 
 Arguments       i.  ««  Becaufe  the  Motives  on  which  ManafTeh  Ben   Ifra* 
 
 gainst3"  "  e'»  5n  his  Book  latcty  Printed»  defires  their  Admiffion  into 
 "  this  Commonwealth,  arefuch,  as  we  conceive,  to  be  very 
 "  finful. 
 
 2.  "  The  Danger  of  feducing  the  People  of  this  Nation, 
 <c  by  their' Admiffion,  is  very  great. 
 
 3.  "  Their 
 
Chap.  III.  of  the  Puritans. 
 
 3.  "  Their  having  Synagogues,  or  any  publick  Meer- 
 "  ings  for  the  exereife  of  their  Religion,  is  not  only  evil 
 "  in  itfelf,  but  likewife  very  fcandalous  to  other  Chriftian 
 **  Churches. 
 
 4.  "  Their  Cuftcms  and  Practices  concerning  Marriage 
 "  and  Divorce  are  unlawful,  and  will  be  of  very  evil  exam- 
 "  pie  amongft  us. 
 
 5.  "  The  Principles  of  not  making  Confcience  of  Oaths 
 "  made,  and  Injuries  done  to  Chriftians  in  Life,  Chaftity, 
 '*  Goods,  or  good  Name,  have  been  very  notoriouily 
 "  charg'd  upon  them  by  valuable  Teftimony. 
 
 6.  "  Great  Prejudice  is  like  to  arife  to  the  Natives  of 
 "  this  Commonwealth  in  matters  of  Trade,  which,  be- 
 M  fides  other  Dangers  here  mentioned,  we  find  very  com- 
 "  monly  fuggefted  by  the  Inhabitants  of  the  City  of  Lon- 
 «  don." 
 
 Other  Divines  were  of  Opinion,  That  the  Civil  Magi- 
 ftrate  might  tolerate  them  under  the  following  Limitations. 
 
 1.  "  That  they  be  not  admitted  to  have  any  publick  Ju- 
 "  dicatories  Civil  or  Ecclefiaftical. 
 
 2.  "  That  they  be  not  permitted  to  fpeak,  or  do  any 
 "  Thing  to  the  Defamation,  or  Difhonour  of  the  Name 
 "  of  our  Lord  Jefus  Chrift,  or  of  the  Chriftian  Reli- 
 "  gion. 
 
 3.  "  That  they  be  not  permitted  to  do  any  Work,  or 
 "  any  thing  to  the  open  Prophanation  of  the  Lord's  Day, 
 "  or  Chriftian  Sabbath. 
 
 4.  "  That  they  be  not  permitted  to  have  any  Chriftians 
 "  dwell  with  them  as  their  Servants. 
 
 5.  "  That  they  have  no  publick  Office  nor  Truft  in  this 
 "  Commonwealth. 
 
 6.  "  That  they  be  not  allow'd  to  print  any  thing  in  our 
 "  Language  againft  the  Chriftian  Religion. 
 
 7.  "  That  fo  far  as  may  be,  they  be  not  fuffered  to  dif- 
 "  courage  any  of  their  own  from  ufing  any  proper  Means, 
 '*  or  applying  themielves  to  any  who  may  convince  them  of 
 "  their  Error,  and  turn  them  to  Chriftianity.  And  that 
 "  fome  fevere  penalty  be  impos'd  upon  them  who  fhall  apo- 
 **  ftatize  from  Chriftianity  to  Judaifm." 
 
 Mr.  Archdeacon  Eachard  fays,  "  The  Jews  offered  the  Re   o  . 
 "  Protestor   two  hundred  thoufand  pounds  provided  they  p.  71^. 
 "  might  have  St.  Paul's  Cathedral  for  a  Settlement."     And 
 he  adds  the  following  malicious  Reflection,  That   "  the 
 **  Money  made  his  Highnefs    look  upon  it  as  the  Caufe  of 
 **  God,  but  that  both  the  Clergy  and  Laity  fo  declaimed 
 
 "  againft 
 
126  The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y        Vol.  IV. 
 
 "  againft  them,  that   the   religious  Juggle  would  not  take 
 "  place."     This    the  Archdeacon  himfelf    could  not  be- 
 lieve, as  being  quite  out  of  Character,  for  he   knew  that 
 the  Protector  did  not  enrich  his  Family,  nor  value  Money, 
 but  for  the  publick  Service.     He  concludes,  That  "  the 
 "  Jews  could  never  be  permitted  to  live  long  in  a  well  fet- 
 tf  tied  Monarchy."     What   then  does  he  call  the  Monar- 
 chy of  England  ?  Where  the  Jews  have  been  indulged  the 
 Exercife  of  their  Religion,  without  doing  any  Damage  to 
 the  Religion  or  Commerce  of  the  Nation  for   above  fixty 
 years. 
 Heafllfbthe      The  Protector's  Zeal  for  the  Reformed  Religion  made 
 Pro'cft^.ms    him  the  Refuge  of  perfecuted  Proteftants  in  all  Parts  of  the 
 leys.  World.     The  Duke  of  Savoy,  at  the  inftance  of  his  Dut- 
 
 chefs,  fifter  to  the  Queen  of  England,  determined  to  ob- 
 lige his  Reformed  Subjects  in  the  Valleys  of  Piedmont  to 
 embrace  the  P.oman  Catholick  Religion  or  depart  the  Coun- 
 try. For  this  purpofe  he  quartered  an  Army  upon  them, 
 which  eat  up  their  Subftance.  The  Proteftants  making 
 fome  little  Refiftance  to  the  Rudenefs  of  the  Soldiers, 
 the  Duke  gave  Orders,  that  all  the  Protectant  Families  in 
 the  Valley  of  Lucern  mould  go  into  banifhmentr  which 
 fome  obeyed,  whilft  the  reft  fent  Deputies  to  the  Court  of 
 Turin,  to  implore  mercy  ;  but  the  Pope,  and  the  Princes 
 of  Italy,  advifed  the  Duke  to  improve  the  prefent  Oppor- 
 tunity for  extirpating  the  Reformed,  and  making  all  his 
 Subjects  of  one  Religion.  The  Duke  accordingly  fent  ex- 
 prefs  Orders  to  his  General  to  drive  them  them  all  out  of 
 the  Country,  with  their  Wives  and  Children,  and  to  put  to 
 Death  fuch  as  fhould  remain.  This  was  executed  with 
 great  Severity,  April  20-  1655.  Thofe  who  efcaped  the 
 Sword  fled  into  the  Mountains,  from  whence,  being  ready 
 to  perifh  with  hunger  and  cold,  they  fent  their  Agents  to 
 the  Lord  Protector  of  England,  and  other  Proteftant  Pow- 
 ers for  Relief.  It  was  the  beginning  of  May  when  his 
 Ilighnefs  was  flrft  made  acquainted  with  their  Diitrefs,  when 
 he  appointed  a  general  Faft,  and  charitable  Contributions 
 throughout  all  England  for  their  prefent  Affiftance  ;  and 
 fuch  was  the  Companion  of  the  People,  that  the  Collecti- 
 on amounted  to  thirty  feven  thoufand  and  ninety  fewen 
 pounds,  feven  Shillings  and  three  pence.  About  thirty  thou- 
 fand pounds  was  remitted  to  their  Deputies  at  feveral  Pay- 
 ments, in  this  and  the  next  year  ;  but  the  Confufions  which 
 followed  upon  the  Protector's  death  prevented  the  clearing 
 the  whole  Account  till  the  Convention  Parliament  at  the 
 
 Reflo- 
 
Chap.  III.        of  the  Puritans.  127 
 
 Reiloration,  who  ordered  the  remaining  feven  rhoufand  Oliver 
 pounds  to  be  paid.  The  Prote&or  applied  to  the  Prote-  Pr^ea°r- 
 flant  Kings  of  SweJen  and  Denmark ;  to  the  States  of  Hoi-  ^_,_  -*_j 
 land,  the  Cantons  of  Switzerland,  and  the  Reformed 
 Churches  of  Germany  and  France;  and  by  his  powerful 
 influence  procured  large  contributions  from  thofe  parts.  He 
 writ  to  the  King  of  France,  and  to  Cardinal  Mazarine ; 
 and  being  glad  of  an  Opportunity  to  ilrike  Terror  into  the 
 Roman  Catholick  Powers,  he  fent  Samuel  Moreland,  Efq; 
 with  a  Letter  to  the  Duke  of  Savoy,  in  which,  having 
 reprefented  the  Cruelty  and  Injuflice  of  his  Behaviour  to- 
 wards the  Proteftants  in  the  Valleys,  he  tells  him,  "  That  he 
 *'  was  pierced  with  grief  at  the  news  of  the  fufferings  or 
 "  the  Vaudois,  being  united  to  them  not  only  by  the  com- 
 il  mon  ties  of  humanity,  but  by  the  profeiTion  of  the  fame 
 "  Faith,  which  obliged  him  to  regard  them  as  his  Brethren; 
 "  and  he  ihould  think  himfelf  wanting  in  his  Duty  to  God, 
 "•  to  Charity,  and  to  his  Religion,  if  he  fhould  be  finished 
 "  with  pitying  them  only  (whofe  miferable  Condition  was 
 "  enough  to  raife  Companion  in  the  moil  barbarous  Minds ;) 
 **  unlefs  he  alfo  exerted  himfelf  to  the  utmoft  of  his  Ability 
 *l  to  deliver  them  out  of  it."  This  avvaken'd  the  Popifli  Barnet,  p. 
 Powers,  infomuch  that  Mazarine  writ  in  the  mod  preffing  7 
 language  to  the  Court  of  Turin,  to  give  the  Proteclor  im- 
 mediate Satisfaction  ;  with  which  the  Dutchefs  reproached 
 him,  becaufe  he  had  made  no  Terms  for  the  Englifh  Pa- 
 pifts  ;  but  his  Eminence  replied,  "  We  mull  leave  to  God 
 "  the  Care  of  defending  the  Catholicks,  whofe  Caufe  is 
 "  mod  jufl  ;  but  that  of  the  Hereticks  needs  for  its  fup- 
 "  port  the  clemency  of  princes."  Upon  this  the  Perfecu- 
 tion  immediately  ceafed  ;  the  Duke  recalled  his  armies  out 
 of  the  Valleys,  and  reftored  their  Goods ;  the  poor  people 
 returned  to  their  houfes,  and  recovered  all  their  antient 
 rights  and  privileges.  But  to  flrike  fome  further  terror,  into 
 the  Pope,  and  the  little  Princes  of  Italy,  the  Protector  gave 
 out,  that  for  as  much  as  he  was  fatisfied  they  had  been 
 the  promoters  of  this  perfecution,  that  he  would  keep  it  in 
 mind,  and  lay  hold  of  the  firfl  opportunity  to  fend  his  Fleet 
 into  the  Mediterranean,  to  vifit  Civita  Vecchia,  and  other 
 parts  of  the  Ecclefiaftical  Territories  ;  and  that  the  found 
 of  his  cannon  fhould  be  heard  in  Rome  itfelf.  He  declared 
 publickly  that  he  would  not  fuffer  the  Proteilant  Faith  to 
 be  infulted  in  any  part  of  the  world  ;  and  therefore  procu- 
 red Liberty  to  thofe  of  Bohemia  and  France  j   nor  was 
 
 there 
 
128  The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y        Vol.  IV. 
 
 Oliver     there  any  Potentate  in  Europe  fo  hardy  as  to  rifk  his  difplea- 
 
 Protettor.     r         ,        -\         ■        ,  •  n    r  J  r 
 
 l6  lure  by  denying  his  requefts. 
 
 v— -»v j      The  Charitable  Society  for  the  Relief  of  the  Widows  and 
 
 Original  of  Children  of  Clergymen,  fince  known  by  the  Name  of  the 
 for  Sf&L  "  CorPoration  for  the  Sons  of  tne  Clergy,"  had  its  begin- 
 of  the  cier-  ning  this  year,  the  firfl  Sermon  being  preached  by  the  Re- 
 gy.  verend  Mr.  George  Hall,  Son  of  the  famous  Jofeph  Hall, 
 
 Bifhop  of  Exeter,  then  Minifter  of  Alderfgate,  but  after- 
 wards Archdeacon  of  Canterbury,  and  Bifhop  of  Chefler. 
 The  Sermon  was  entitled,  M  God's  appearing  for  the  Tribe 
 **  of  Levi,  improved  in  a  Sermon  preached  at  St.  Paul's, 
 u  Novemb.  8.  1655.10  the  Sons  of  MiniPfers  then  folemn- 
 "  ly  affembled,  from  Numb.  xvii.  8.  The  Rod  of  Aaron 
 "  budded,  and  bloomed  Bloffoms,  and  yielded  Almonds." 
 The  Preacher's  Defign  was  to  enforce  the  neceffity  and 
 Ufefulnefs  of  a  fettled  Miniflry ;  and  though  there  were 
 fome  pafTages  that  difcovered  him  to  be  a  Prelatifl,  the  maiii 
 part  of  the  Sermon  breaths  Moderation  ;  "  Let  thofe  ill- 
 "  invented  Terms  (fays  he)  whereby  we  have  been  diftin- 
 "  guifhed  from  each  other,  be  fwallowed  up  in  that  name 
 "  which  will  lead  us  Hand  in  Hand  to  Heaven,  the  Name 
 "  of  Chriftians.  If  my  Stomach,  or  any  of  yours,  rife 
 "  againft.  the  Name  of  brotherly  Communion,  which  may 
 "  confift  with  our  feveral  Principles  retain'd,  not  differing 
 '*  in  Subflantials,  God  take  down  that  Stomach,  and  make 
 **  us  fee  how  much  we  are  concerned  to  keep  the  Unity  of 
 
 "  the  Spirit   in  the  Bond  of  Peace Why  mould  fome, 
 
 "  in  the  Height  of  their  Zeal  for  Liturgy,  fuppofe  there 
 tc  can  be  no  Service  of  God  but  where  that  is  uled  ?  Why 
 "  fhould  others,  again,  think  their  Piety  concern'd  and 
 "  trefpafs'd  upon,  if  I  prefer,  and  think  fit  to  ufe  a  fet 
 **  Form  ?  There  muff  be  Abatements  and  Allowances  of 
 "  e^.ch  other  ;  a  coming  down  from  our  Punctilio's,  or  we 
 
 '*  fna'l  never  give  a  good  Account  to  God "  From  this 
 
 time  Sermons  have  been  preached  annually,  and  large  Con- 
 tributions made  for  the  Widows  and  Children  of  Clergy- 
 men. Tn  the  Reign  of  King  Charles  II.  they  became  a 
 Body  Corporate  ;  and  their  prefent  Grandeur  is  fufficiently 
 known  to  the  whole  Nation. 
 ,  On  the  2 1  it  of  March,  this  year,  died  the  mofr.  reverend 
 
 Abp.  ufcer.  and  learned  Archbifhop.  Ufher,  born  in  Dublin,  1580,  and 
 educated  in  Trinity  College.  He  proceeded  M.  A.  in  the 
 year  1600.  and  next  year  was  ordain'd  Deacon  and  Pried 
 by  his  uncle  Henry  Ufher,  then  Archbifhop  of  Armagh.  In 
 the  year  1620.  he  was  made  Bifhop  of  Meath,  and  four  years 
 
 after 
 
Chap.  III.        of  the  Puri  t  an  s.  129 
 
 after  Archbifhop  of  Armagh  ;  in  which  Station  he  continued  Oliver 
 till  the  Diffolution  of  the  Hierarchy  by  the  Civil  Wars.  p™"6a°r- 
 In  his  younger  Years  he  was  a  Calvinift,  but  in  his  advanced  ._,—  -.__ 
 Age  he  embraced  the  middle  Way  between  Calvin  and  Ar- 
 minius.  He  was  one  of  the  mod  moderate  Prelates  of  his 
 Age,  and  allowed  of  the  Ordinations  of  foreign  Proteftants  ; 
 which  none  but  he  and  Bifhop  Davenant,  and  one  or  two 
 more  among  the  Bifhops  of  thofe  Times,  would  admit. 
 The  Archbifhop  having  loft  all  his  Revenues  by  the  Irifh  Re- 
 bellion, the  King  conferr'd  upon  him  the  Bifhoprick  of 
 Carlifle  in  Commendam.  In  1643.  he  was  nominated  one  of 
 the  AfTembly  of  Divines  at  Weftminfter,  but  did  not  appear 
 among  them.  As  long  as  the  Kino  was  at  Oxford  he  con- 
 tinued with  him,  but  when  the  War  was  over  he  returned 
 to  London  and  lived  privately,  without  any  Moleftation. 
 He  aflifted  at  the  Treaty  of  the  Ifle  of  Wight,  but  could 
 do  no  Service,  the  contending  Parties  being  then  at  too  great 
 a  Diftance  to  be  i  econciled.  A  little  before  the  King's  Death 
 the  Archbifliop  was  chofen  Preacher  to  the  Honourable  So- 
 ciety of  Lincoln's-Inn,  with  whom  he  continued  feven  Years, 
 preaching  conftantly,  all  Term  Time,  till  his  Eyes  failing, 
 he  quitted  the  Place  about  a  Year  and  a  half  before  his 
 Death,  and  retired  with  the  Countefs  of  Peterborough  to 
 her  Houfe  at  Rygate.  The  Protector  had  a  high  Efteem  for 
 this  excellent  Prelate,  and  confulted  him  about  proper  Mea- 
 fures  for  advancing  the  Proteftant  Intereft  at  home  and  abroad : 
 He  allowed  him  a  Penfion,  and  promifed  him  a  Leafe  of  part 
 of  the  Lands  of  his  Archbifhoprick  in  Ireland  for  Twenty 
 one  Years ;  but  his  Death  prevented  the  Execution  of  the 
 Defign.  About  the  Middle  of  Feb.  the  Archbifhop  went 
 down  to  Rygate,  and  on  the  20th  of  March  was  taken  ill 
 of  a  Pleurify,  of  which  he  died  the  next  Day,  in  the  Seventy 
 fixth  Year  of  his  Age,  having  been  Fifty  five  Years  a  Prea- 
 cher, Four  Years  Bifhop  of  Meath,  and  Thirty  one  Years 
 Archbifhop  of  Armagh.  The  Archbifhop  -was  one  of  the 
 moft  learned  Men  of  his  Age;  he  had  a  penetrating  Judg- 
 ment, a  tenacious  Memory ;  and  withal  was  a  moft  pious, 
 humble,  and  modeft  Chriftian.  His  Body  was  of  the  fmal- 
 ler  Size,  his  Complexion  fanguine,  but  his  Prefence  always 
 commanded  Reverence.  The  Protector  did  him  the  Honour 
 of  apublick  Funeral,  and  buried  him  at  his  own  Expence, 
 in  King  Henry  Vll's  Chapel. 
 
 Mr.  Stephen  Marfhall,  B.  D.  was  born  at  God-Manchef-  of  Mr. 
 ter  in  Huntingtonfhire,  and  was  educated  in  Cambridge,  and  Marft>*''- 
 afterwards  beneficed  at   Finchingfield  in   Effex ;    where  he  • 
 
 Vol.  IV.  1  gained 
 
130  The    HISTORY         Vol.  IV. 
 
 Oliver      gained  fuch  Reputation  by  his  Preaching,  that  be  was  often 
 r0tj6 -7'     caHed  to  preach  before  the  Long  Parliament,  who  confulted 
 him  in  all  Affairs  relating  to  Religion.     He  was  one  of  the 
 AfTembly  of  Divines,  and  employed  in  mod,  if  not  all  the 
 Treaties  between  the  King  and   Parliament.     Mr.  Eachard, 
 according  to  his  ufual  Candor,  calls  him,    <c  A  famous  In- 
 •*  cendiary,    and   Afliftaut   to    the  Parliamentarians,    their 
 "  Trumpet  in  their  Fafts,  their  Confeilor  in  their  Sicknefs, 
 "  their  Counfellor  in  their  Aflemblies,  their  Chaplain  in  their 
 "  Treaties,    and   their   Champion    in  their   Difputations;" 
 "  and  then  adds,  '*  This  great  Shimei  being  taken  with   a 
 "  defperate  Sicknefs  departed  die  World  mad  and  raving." 
 A  notorious   Falfhood  !    for   he  was  a  Perfon   of  fober    and 
 moderate  Principles,  infomuch  that  Mr.  Baxter  ufed   to  fay, 
 That  if  all  the  Bifhops  had  been  of  the  Spirit  and  Temper 
 of  Archbifhop  Ufher,    the   Prefbyterians   of  the  Temper  of 
 Mr.  Marfhall,  and  the  Independants  like  Mr.  Jer.  Burroughs, 
 the  Di vifions  of  the  Church   would    have   been  eafily  com- 
 promifed.      When  he  was  taken  ill,  and   obliged   to  retire 
 into  the  Country  for  the  Air,    the  Oxford   Mercury  faid  he 
 was  diftracled,  and  in  his  Rage  conftantly  cried  out,  That 
 he  was  damned  for   adhering  to  the  Parliament  in  their  War 
 againfl  the  King.     But  he   lived   to  confute   the  Calumny, 
 .  and  publifhed  a  Treatife,  to  prove  the  Lawfulnefsof  defen- 
 five  Arms  in  Cafes  of  Necefiity.     He  was  an  admired  Prea- 
 cher, and  far  from  running  into  the  Extremes  of  the  Times. 
 In  the  Decline  of  his  Life  he  retired  from  the  City,  and  fpent 
 the  two  laft  Years  of  his  Life    in   Ipfwich.      The  Reverend 
 Mr.   G.   Firmin,    in  a  Preface  to  one  of  Mr.  Marfhall's 
 Pofthumous  Sermons,  writes,  that  he  had  left  few  fuch  La- 
 bourers as  himfelf  behind  him;    that  he  was  a  Chriftianby" 
 Practice  as  well  as  Profeffion;    that  he   lived  by  Faith,  and 
 died  by  Faith,  and  was  an  Example  to  the  Believers  in  Word, 
 in  Converfation,  in  Charity,    in  Faith,   and   Purity.      That 
 when  he  and  others-  were  talking  with  Mr.  Marshall  about 
 his  Death,  he  replied,    "  I  cannot  fay,  as  he,  I  have  not  fo 
 "  lived  that   I  mould  now  be  afraid  to  die;    but  this  I  can 
 "  fay,  I  have  fo  learned  Chrift,  that  I  am  not  afraid  to  die." 
 He   enjoyed  the  full  Ufe  of  his  Understanding  to  the  laft  ; 
 but  loft  the  Ufe  of  his  Hands  and    Appetite,  in    fo   much 
 that    he    could   eat  nothing  for    fome  Moirhs   before   he 
 fuller*!        died.     Mr.  Fuller  fays,  That  he  performed   his  Exercife  for 
 Worthies.     Batchelor  of  Divinity  with  general  Appla'ufe ;  that  he  was  a 
 b-°°      '       good  Preacher,  but  fo  fupple,  that  he  break  not  a  Joint   in 
 *  4    all  the  Alteration  of  the  Times ;  and  although  fome  fufpeited 
 
 him  of  deferting  his  Prefbyterian  Principles,    yet  upon  his 
 
 Death- 
 
Chap.  III.         of  the  P  u  R  i  t  A  n  si  131 
 
 Death-Bed  be  gave  them  full  Satisfaction  that  he  had  not.  Oliver 
 His  Remains  were  folemnly  buried  in  Weftminfter-Abbey,  proted°r- 
 but  were  dug  up  again  at  the  Restoration.  L/^VXJ 
 
 The  Protestor  having  as  yet  no  better  than  a  Military  Proteftor 
 Title  to  his  high  Dignity  refolved  to  obtain  a  more  legal  "lis  a  new 
 One  as  foon  as  the  Times  would  admit.  He  had  now  cut  L^'of1"1** 
 his  Way  through  a  great  many  Difficulties,  and  the  Succefs  CromweL 
 of  his  Arms  this  Summer  having;  raifed  his  Reputation  to  an  p-  34°* 
 uncommon  Pitch  of  Greatnefs,  he  refolved  to  fummon  a 
 new  Parliament  to  meet  at  Weftminfter,  Sept.  17.  to  con- 
 firm his  Title  to  the  Protectorfhip ;  and  the  Republicans  be- 
 ing his  moft  dangerous  Enemies,  the  Protector  fent  for  Sir 
 H.  Vane  and  Major  General  Ludlow,  to  give  Security  not  to 
 act  againft  the  prefent  Government.  He  afked  Ludlow 
 what  made  him  uneafy  ?  or,  What  he  would  have  ?  Ludlow 
 anfwer'd,  He  would  have  the  Nation  governed  by  its  own 
 Confent.  I  am,  faid  the  Protector,  as  much  for  a  Govern- 
 ment by  Confent  as  any  Man ;  but  where  fhall  we  find  that 
 Confent?  Among  the  Prelatical,  Prefbyterian,  Independant, 
 Anabaptift,  or  Levelling  Parties?  The  Other  replied,  among 
 thofe  of  all  Sorts  who  have  acted  with  Fidelity  and  Affec- 
 tion to  the  Publick.  The  Protector  finding  that  he  was  for 
 throwing  all  Things  back  into  Confufion,  told  him,  That  all 
 Men  now  enjoyed  as  much  Liberty  and  Protection  as  they 
 could  defire,  and  that  he  was  refolved  to  keep  the  Nation 
 from  being  embrued  again  in  Blood.  "  I  defire  not,  fays 
 "  he,  to  put  any  more  Hardfhips  upon  you  than  upon  my- 
 "  felf;  nor  do  I  aim  at  any  Thing  by  this  Proceeding  but  • 
 *'  the  publick  Quiet  and  Security.  As  to  my  own  Circum^ 
 "  fiances  in  the  World,  I  have  not  much  improved  them, 
 "  as  thefe  Gentlemen  (pointing  to  his  Council)  well  know." 
 But  Ludlow,  Sir  Henry  Vane,  and  Colonel  Rich,  perfifting 
 in  their  Refufal  to  give  Security,  were  taken  into  Cuftody. 
 Bifhop  Burnet  fays,  That  others  follicited  him  to  reftore  the 
 young  King,  and  that  the  Earl  of  Orrery  told  him,  he  might 
 make  his  own  Terms;  but  that  Cromwel  replied,  "That 
 *'  the  Son  could  never  forgive  his  Father's  Blood ;  and  that 
 "  he  was  fo  debauched  he  would  undo  every  Thing."  It 
 was  therefore  refolved  to  fet  him  afide,  and  proceed  upon  the 
 prefent  Plan. 
 
 When  the  Parliament  met  according  to  Appointment, 
 the  Reverend  Dr.  Owen  preached  before  them,  his  Text 
 was  Ifa.  xiv.  32.  '•'  What  fhall  one  then  anfwer  the  Mef- 
 "  fengers  of  the  Nation?  That  the  Lord  hath  founded 
 "  Zion,  and  the  Poor  of   his    People   fhall   truft  in  it." 
 
 I  2  From 
 
i32  The  HISTORY         Vol.  IV, 
 
 Oliver  F,.om  tne  Abbey  the  Protestor  went  with  the  Members  to 
 PrTtS.r*  the  tinted  Chamber,  where  he  made  a  Speech,  and  then 
 L/'-y^Hj  di (miffed  them  to  their  Houfe  ;  but  to  prevent  their  entring 
 They  are  into  Debates  about  his  Title,  a  Guard  was  placed  at  the  Door, 
 obliged  to  w;tj1  a  paper  of.  Recognition  for  each  Member  to  fubfcribe, 
 [he°Golern-  wherein  they  promife,  «'  Not  to  a&  any  Thing  prejudicial 
 ment.  "  to  the  Government  as  it  was  eflablifhed  under  a  Protector." 
 
 Whit<J"  Upon  their  fubfcribing  this,  if  they  were  under  no  other  Dif- 
 
 P'  64°*  qualification  they  had  a  Certificate  of  their  Return,  and  of 
 their  being  approved  by  his  Highnefs  and  Council.  This  lait 
 ■was  certainly  inconfiftent  with  the  Freedom  of  Parliaments; 
 for  if  the  Crown  has  a  Negative  upon  the  Return  of  the 
 Members,  they  are  Tools  of  the  Crown,  and  not  Repre- 
 fentatives  of  the  People;  becaufe,  though  they  are  legally 
 chofe'n,  and  returned  bv  the  proper  Officer,  a  fuperior  Tri- 
 bunal may  fet  them  afide.  Befides,  if  the  Parliament  was 
 to  eive  a  Sanction  to  the  new  Government,  the  Recogni- 
 tion was  abfurd,  becaufe  it  obliged  them  to  confent  to  that 
 which  they  had  no  liberty  to  debate.  It  mud  therefore  be 
 allowed,  that  Cromwel's  Protc&orfhip  was  built  only  upon 
 the  Authority  of  the  Council  of  Officers :  This  being  one 
 of  thofe  Fundamentals  which  his  Highnefs  would  not  fufFer 
 any  of  his  Parliaments  to  debate.  But  'tis  highly  probable 
 that  thefe  Stretches  of  Power  might  be  abfolutely  neceffary 
 at  this  Time,  to  hold  the  Government  together,  and  that 
 without  them  thefeveral  Parties  would  have  fallen  to  Pieces, 
 and  involved  the  Nation  inConfufion  and  a  new  War.  The 
 Parliament  in  their  humble  Petition  and  Advice  guarded 
 azainft  the  Exclufion  of  their  Members  for  the  future,  ex- 
 cept by  a  Vore  of  the  Houfe,  which  the  Protector  freely 
 confenteu  to,  fo  that  this  was  only  a  temporary  Expedient, 
 and  not  to  be  made  a  Precedent  of;  but  at  prefent  almoft 
 one  Hundred  Members  refufed  to  fubfcribe,  and  were  there- 
 fere  excluded.  Thefe  prefented  a  Petition  to  the  fitting 
 Members  for  Redrefs,  but  were  anfwer'd,  That  the  Protec- 
 tor had  promifed  to  relieve  them,  if  they  could  Chew  Caufe 
 of  Complaint.  But  inffead  of  this,  they  appealed  to  the 
 People  in  a  fevere  Remonftrance,  charging  his  Highnefs 
 with  invading  their  fundamental  Rights  and  Liberties, 
 and  preventing  the  free  Meeting  of  the  Reprefentatives  of 
 the  People  in  Parliament.  To  which  it  was  anfwered,  That 
 if  they  would  not  fo  much  as  own  the  Protector,  they  had 
 no  Colour  or  Pretence  to  call  themfelves  Members  of  Par* 
 
 liament. 
 
 The 
 
Chap.  III.        of  the  P  u  R  i  ta  N  s.  133 
 
 The  fitting  Members  having  chofen  Sir   Thomas  Wid-      Oliver 
 drington   v~e\r  Speaker,  approved  of  the   War  with  Spain,    "^g-g." 
 and  raifed  Taxes  to  fupport  his  Highnefs  in  the  Profecution  «_  —  v-  _j 
 of  it.     They  renounced  and  diianulled  the  Title  of  Charles  Their  Aa«. 
 Stuart;  and  pafs'd  an  A£t,  making  it  High  Treafon  to  com- 
 pafs  or  imagine  the   Death  of  the    Lord   Protector.     They 
 reviewed  the  Orders  and  Ordinances  of  the  Protector,    and 
 his  Council,  in  the  Intervals  of  Parliament,    and  confirmed 
 moft  of  them.     They  abrogated  the  Authority  and  Power  of 
 the  Major    Generals,  conceiving   it  inconfiflent   with    the 
 Laws  of  England,  and  Liberties  of  the  People.     Thefe  and 
 fomc  other  A£ts  hereafter  mentioned,  were  prefented  to  his 
 Highnefs,  Nov.  27.  for  Confirmation ;  and  as  he  was  pleafed 
 to  confirm  them  all,  he  told  them,  "  That  as  it  had    been 
 "  the  Cuftom  of  the  Chief  Governors  to  acknowledge  the 
 '*  Care  and  Kindnefs  of  the  Commons  upon  fuch  Occafions, 
 44  fo  he  did  very  heartily  and  thankfully  acknowledge   their 
 '*  Kindnefs  therein."     But  the  Parliament  continued  fitting 
 till  next  Year,  when  we  fhall  meet  with    more   important 
 Tranfadtions. 
 
 The  A£r.  for  Security  of  the  Protector's  Perfon  was  no  Synder- 
 fooner  palled  but  a  Plot  was    difcovered  againft  his  Ljfe.  JJ|J  s 
 Miles  Syndercomb,  a  Leveller,  a  bold  refolute  Man,  having 
 been  difbanded  in  Scotland,  combined  with   one  Cecil,  and 
 another  of  the  Protector's  Life-Guard,  to  afiaflinate  him  as 
 he  was  going   to  Hampton-Court;    but   being  difappointed 
 once  and  again  by  fome  unexpected    Accidents,  the   other 
 Confpirators  difcovered  the  Plot.     Syndercomb  put  himfelf 
 on  his  Trial,  and  was  condemned  on   the   Statute  25th   of 
 Edward   III.   the  Chief  Juftice  Glvnne  declaring,  that  by 
 the  Word  King   in  the    Statute  any    chief  Magiftrate  was 
 underltood.      Hut  Syndercomb  prevented  the  Execution,   for 
 the  very  Morning  he  was  to  fufVer  he  was  found   dead  in  his       ' 
 Bed ;   whereupon  his  Body  was   tied  to  a  Horfe's  Tail,  and 
 dragged    naked  to  the  Scaffold  on  Tower-Hill,    and   then 
 buried  with  a  Stake  driven  through  it.     However,  a  Day  of 
 publick  Thankfgiving  was  appointed  for  the  Protector's  De- 
 liverance, Feb.   20.  when  his  HighneG  gave  the  Speaker, 
 and  Members  of   Parliament,  a  fplendid  Entertainment  at 
 the  Banqueting  Houfe. 
 
 The  War  with  Spain  this  Summer  was  attended  with  vaft  Spanifh 
 Succefs,  for  no  fooner  had  the  King  of  Spain  feized   the  Ef- 1>,ate  Fleet 
 feels  of  theEnglifh  Merchants  in  his  Country,  but  the   Pro-  taken* 
 tector  ordered  his  Admirals,  Blake  and  Montague,  to  block 
 I  3  up 
 
134  The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y  Vol.  IV. 
 
 °live«-      up  the  Harbour  of  Cadiz,  and  look  out  for  the  Plate  Fleet, 
 i6c<£'      which  Captain  Stayner,  who  was  left  with   feven    Men  of 
 t/VN^  War  upon  the  Coaft,  while  the  Admirals  were  gone  to  Por- 
 tugal for  frefh  Water,  discovered,  eonfifting  of  eight  Men 
 of  War  making  directly  for  Cadiz  ;  Stayner  bore  up  to  them 
 with  all  the  Sail  he  could  make,  and   engaged  them  within 
 four  Leagues  of  their   Port;  the   Spanifh  Admiral   run  his 
 Ship   afhore  with  fix  hundred  Thoufand  Pieces  of  Eight; 
 but    the  Vice- Admiral,    with    twelve    hundred  Thoufand 
 Pieces  of  Eight ;  and  another  Galleon  were  fired  and  funk ; 
 the  Rear-x4dmiral,  with  two  Millions  of  Plate  in  her,  was 
 taken ;  and  upon  the  Whole,  fix  of  the  eight  Ships  were 
 deftroved  ;    the  Plate,   to  the  Value  of  two  Millions,  was 
 brought  to  Portfmouth,  and  conveyed  in  Carts  to  London, 
 and  carried  through  the  City  to  the  Tower  to  be   coined. 
 Admiral  Blake,  with  the  reft  of  the  Fleet,  rode  out  all  the 
 Winter  upon  the  Coaft  of   Spain,  and   deftroyed   another 
 Fleet  of  much  greater  Value  the  next  Summer. 
 Hifloryof         After  the  Difcovery  of  Syndercomb's  Plot,    the  Prelatifts, 
 the  Quakers  Prefbyterians,  and  Levellers,  were  pretty  quiet,  but  the  Qua- 
 continutd.     kers  began  to  be  very  troublefome.  The  Reader  has  been  in- 
 formed under  the  Year  1650.  that  George  Fox  travell'd  the 
 Countrie.%  declaiming  in  the  Marketplaces  and  in  Churches, 
 againft  all  ordained  Minifters,    and   placing   the  Whole  of 
 Religion  in  an  inward  Light,  and  an  extraordinary  Impulfe 
 of  the  Holy  Spirit.     In  the  Year  1652  the  Quakers  fet  up 
 feparate   Affemblies  in  Lancafhire,  and  the  adjacent  Parts. 
 In  1654..  they  fet  up  the  firft  feparate  Meeting  of  the  People 
 called  Quakers  in  the  Houfe  of  Robert  Dring,  in  Watlin 
 Street,  London.     Thefe  unwary  People,  by  their  interrupt- 
 ing publick  Worfhip,  and  rcfufing  to  pay   any  Refpecl    to 
 the  Magiftrate,    expofed  themfelves  very  often  to  Sufferings. 
 One  of  tfiem,    in  a  Letter  to   the   Protector,  fays,  "  That 
 "  though  there  are  no  penal  Laws  in   force  obliging  Men  to 
 «c  comply  with  the  eftablifhed   Religion,  yet  the  Quakers 
 "  are  expofed  upon  other  Accounts;  they  are  fined  and  im- 
 ■*  prifoned  for  refufing  to  take  an  Oath  ;  for  not  paying 
 «c  their   Tithes ;    for  difturbing    the    publick    Affemblies, 
 C(  and  meeting   in  the  Streets,  and  Places  of  publick  Re- 
 "  fort ;    fome  of  them  have  been   whipp'd  for  Vagabonds, 
 "  and     for    their     plain    Speeches    to     the    Magiftrate." 
 But   the  Quakers    were    fo   far    from    being  difcouraged, 
 that  they  opened  a  publick  Meeting  under  favour  of  the  To- 
 leration, at  the  Bull  "and  Mouth  Inn,  in  Alderfgate  Street, 
 
 where 
 
Chap.  III.       of  the  Puritans.  135 
 
 where  Women  as  well  as   Men  fpake  as  they  were  moved  ;     Oliver 
 and  when  none  were  moved  there  was  no  (peaking  at    all.      ^.^ 
 The  Novelty  of  this  Afiembly  drew  great  Numbers  of  People  ^__  —  ^j 
 thither  out  of  curiofity  ;  nor  did  any  one   give  them  Diftur-  Their  Ex- 
 bance,  as  long  as  they  continued  quiet  within  themfclves ;  but  t'"ava8ancies' 
 in  feveral  Places,  where   they  had  no  Bufinefs,  the  extrava-  kift.  p.  401. 
 gance  of  their  Speakers  was  infufFerable  ;  one  of  them  inter- 
 rupted the   Minifter  in  White-chapel  Church,  and  difturbed 
 the  whole  AfTembly.     A  Female,  contrary  to  the  modefly  of 
 her  Sex,  came  into  Whitehall  Chapel   dark  naked,    in  the 
 midft  of  publick  Worfhip,  the  Lord  Protector  himfelf  being 
 prefent     Another  came  into  the  Parliament  Houfe  with  a 
 Trenchard  in  her  Hand,  which  (he  broke  in  pieces,  faying, 
 *'  Thus  mail   ye   be  broke   in    Pieces."     Thomas   Adams 
 having  complained  to  the  Protector  of  the  Imprifonment  of 
 fome  Friends  in  the   Country,  and  not  finding  Redrefs,  he 
 took  offhis  Cap  and  tore  it  in  pieces,  faying,  "  So  (hall  thy 
 **  Government  be  torn  from  thee  and  thy  Houfe."     Several 
 pretending  an  extraordinary  MefTage  from  Heaven,  went  a- 
 boutthe  Streets  of  London  denouncing  the  Judgments  of  Goi 
 againft  the  Protector  and  his  Council.     One  came  to  the  Door  vvhitl.  f. 
 ©f  the  Parliament  Houfe  with  a  drawn  Sword,  and  flafhed  59a. 
 clivers,  laying,  M  He  was  infpired  by  the  Holy  Spirit  to  kill 
 "  every  Man  that  fat  in  the  Houfe."     Others  in  their  pro- 
 phetick  Raptures  denounced  Judgments  on  the  whole  Nation, 
 and  frequently  difturbed  the  publick  AtTemblies  where  the 
 chief  Magistrate   himfelf  was  prefent.     Many   opened  their 
 Shops  on  the  Lord's  Day,  in  defiance  of  the  Laws,  and  were 
 fo  very  obftinate  and  intractable,  that  it  was  impoffible  to  keep 
 the  Peace  without  fome  marks  of  Severity. 
 
 But  the  mod  extravagant  Quaker  that  appeared  at  this  of-  Tames 
 Time  was  James  Nay  lor,  formerly  an  Officer  in  Major  Najior. 
 General  Lambert's  Troop  in  Scotland,  a  Man  of  good  natu- 
 ral Parts,  and  an  admired  Speaker  among  thefe  People ;  fome 
 of  whom  had  fuch  a  Veneration  for  him,  that  they  ftiled 
 him  in  blafphemous  Language,  the  t;  everlafting  Son  of 
 •*  Righteoufnefs ;  the  Prince  of  Peace ;  the  only  begotten 
 **  Son  of  God  ;  the  faireft  among  ten  Thoufand."  Some 
 of  the  Friends  killed  his  Feet  in  the  Prifon  at  Exeter,  and  af- 
 ter his  Releafe  went  before  him  into  the  City  of  Briftol  after 
 the  manner  of  our  Saviour's  Entrance  into  Jerufalem  :  One 
 walked  bareheaded  ;  another  of  the  Women  led  his  Horfe  ; 
 others  Ipread  their  Scarves  and  Handkerchiefs  before  him  in 
 they  Way,  crying  continually  as  th:y  went  on,  "  Holy,  Holy, 
 
 I  4  "  Holy, 
 
The  HISTORY       Vol.  IV. 
 
 <c  Holy,  is  the  Lord  God  of  Hofts  ;  Hofanna  in  the  Higheft ; 
 < '  Holy,  Holy,  is  the  Lord  God  of  Ifrael."     Upon  this  the 
 Magiftrates  of  Briftol  caufed  him  to  be  apprehended,   and  fent 
 up  to  the  Parliament,  who  appointed  a  Committee  to  exa- 
 mine Witnefles  againft  him,  upon  a  Charge  of  Blalphemy  ; 
 (i.)  For  admitting  Religious  Wcrfhip    to  be  paid  to  him. 
 And,  (2.)    For   afluming   the  Names  and   incommunicable 
 Titles  and  Attributes  of  our  blefTed  Saviour,   as  the  Name 
 Jesus,  "  the  faireft  among  ten  Thoufand,  the  only  begotten 
 "  Son  of  God,    the  Prophet  of  the  mod  High,  the  King  of 
 "  Ifrael,  the  everlafting  Son  of  Righteoufnefs,  the  Piince  of 
 •*  Peace."     All  which  he  confefled,  but  alledged  in  his  own 
 Defence,  that  thefe  Honours  were  not  paid  to  him,   but  to 
 Chrift  who  dwelt  in  him. 
 
 The  Committee  afked  him,  Why  he  came  in  fo  extraordi- 
 nary a  manner  into  Briftol  ?  To  which  he  replied,  That  "  he 
 "  might  not  refufe  any  Honours  which  others  who  were 
 *<  moved  by  the  Lord  rgave  him.''  Being  further  afked, 
 Whether  he  had  reproved  the  Perfons  ".  ho  gave  him  thofe 
 Titles  and  Attributes  I  He  anfwered,  "  If  they  had  it  from 
 *'  the  Lord,  what  had  I  to  do  to  reprove  them  ?  If  the 
 *'  Father  has  moved  them  to  give  thefe  Honours  to  Chrift,  I 
 "  may  not  deny  them  ;  if  they  have  given  them  to  any  other 
 "  but  to  Chrift  I  difown  them."  He  concluded  his  Defence 
 thus;  "  I  do  abhor  that  any  Honours  due  to  God  fhould  he 
 "  given  to  me  as  I  am  a  Creature  ;  but  it  pleafed  the  Lord 
 "  to  fet  me  up  as  a  fign  of  the  coming  of  the  righteous  One, 
 <c  and  what  has  been  done  to  me  pafling  through  the  Town, 
 *'  I  was  commanded  by  the  Power  of  the  Lord  to  fuffer  to 
 "  be  done  to  the  outward  Man,  as  a  Sign  ;  but  I  abhor  any 
 *'  Honour  as  a  Creature." 
 
 From  the  Committee  he  was  brought  to  the  Bar  of  the 
 Houfe,  where  the  Report  being  read,  he  confefled  it ;  upon 
 which  the  Houfe  voted  him  guilty  of  Blafphemy,  and  order  - 
 ed  him  to  be  fet  in  the  Pillory  two  Hours  at  Weftminfter,  and 
 two  Hours  at  the  Old  Exchange  ;  that  he  mould  be  whip'd 
 through  the  Streets  from  Weftminfter  to  the  Old  Exchange'; 
 that  his  Tongue  fhould  be  bored  through  with  an  hot  Iron, 
 and  his  Forehead  fligmatized  with  the  Letter  B .  he  was  af- 
 terwards to  be  lent  to  Briftol,  and  to  ride  through  the  Cit,y 
 with  his  Face  to  the  Horfe's  Tail,  and  to  be  whip'd  the  next 
 Market  Day  after  he  came  thither.  Laft  of  all,  he  was  to  be 
 committed  to  Bridewell  in  London,  to  be  reftrainedfrom  Com- 
 pany, and  to  be  put  to  hard  Labour  tillhefhouldbereleafedby 
 
 Parliament  j 
 
Chap.  III.  of  the  P  u  r  i  t  a  n  s.  137 
 
 Parliament ;  during  which  Time  he  was  to  be  debarr'd  from   poliv*r 
 Pen,  Ink,  and  Paper,  and  to  have  no  Suftenance  but  what  he      °6s6°U 
 got  by  his  daily  Labour.     A  Sentence  much  too  feve  re  for  ^^-y— 4 
 fuch  a  fimple  obftinate  Creature. 
 
 December  18.  James  Naylor  ftood  in  the  Pillory  in  the  His  Suffer- 
 Palace  Yard,  Weftminfter,  and  was  whip'd  to  the  Old  Ex-,ngs" 
 change  ;  the  remainder  of  his  Sentence  being  refpited  for  a 
 Week,  in  which  time  the  Reverend  Mr.  Caryl,  Mantoa, 
 Nye,  Griffith,  and  Reynolds,  went  to  him,  in  order  to  bring 
 him  to  fome  acknowledgment  of  his  Crime,  but  not  being 
 able  to  reclaim  him,  the  remainder  of  his  Sentence  was  exe- 
 cuted December  27.  when  fome  of  his  Followers  licked  his 
 Wounds,  and  paid  him  other  Honours  both  ridiculous  and  fu- 
 perftitinus.  He  was  afterwards  fent  to  Briftol,  and  whip'd 
 from  the  middle  of  Thomas  Street,  over  the  Bridge  to  the 
 middle  of  Broadftreet.  From  Briftol  he  was  brought  back 
 to  Bridewell.  London,  where  he  continued  full  en  for  three 
 Days,  and  would  not  work,  but  then  begg'd  for  Victuals, 
 and  was  content  to  labour. 
 
 At  length,  after  two  Years  Imprifonment,  he  recanted  his 
 Errors  fo  far  as  to  acknowledge,  That  the  Honours  he  re- 
 ceived at  his  Entrance  into  Briftol  were  wrong  ;  M  and  all  thofe 
 "  ranting,  wild  Spirits  which  gathered  about  me  (fays  he)  ?t 
 «*  that  Time  of  Darknefs,  with  all  their  wild  Acts,  and 
 *'  wicked  Works  againft  the  Honour  of  God,  and  his  pure 
 !*  Spirit,  and  People,  I  renounce.  And  whereas  I  gave  Ad- 
 *c  vantage,  through  want  of  Judgment,  to  that  evil  Spirit,  I 
 «'  take  fhame  to  my  felf."  After  the  Protector's  Death 
 James  Naylor  was  releafed  out  of  Prifon,  and  writ  Several 
 Things  in  defence  of  the  Quakers,  who  owned  him  as  a 
 Friend,  notwithftanding  his  extravagant  Behaviour;  but  he 
 did  not  long  furvive  his  Enlargement,  for  retiring  into  Hunt- 
 ingtonftiire,  he  died  there  towards  the  latter  End  of  the  Year 
 1660.  about  the  forty  fourth  Year  of  his  Age.  Mr.  Whitlock 
 obferves  very  juftly,  That  many  thought  he  was  too  furiouf- 
 ly  profecuted  by  fome  rigid  Men. 
 
 Other  Extravagancies  of  this  People  are  recorded  by  our 
 Hiftorians  about  this  Time.  The  Protector  was  continually 
 teazed  with  their  Importunities ;  they  waited  for  him  on  the 
 Road,  and  watched  about  his  Palace,  till  they  got  an  Oppor- 
 tunity to  fpeak  to  him.  George  Fox,  and  others,  writ  Let- 
 ters filled  with  Denunciations  of  Divine  Judgments,  unlels  he 
 would  pull  down  the  Remains  of  Antichrift,  by  which  they 
 underftood  Church  Minifters,  and  Church  Maintenance.  But 
 {he  Protector  paid  them  no  regard. 
 
 As 
 
'3* 
 
 Oliver 
 
 Frote&or. 
 
 165C 
 
 Aga'mfl 
 Pipifts. 
 
 ThcHISTORY         Vol.  IV. 
 
 As  new  Inroads  were  made  upon  the  Ordinances  for  Ob- 
 fervation  of  the  Sabbath,  the  Parliament  took  care  to  amend 
 them.  This  Year  they  ordained,  that  "  the  Sabbath  fhould 
 "  be  deemed  to  extend  from  Twelve  of  the  Clock  on  Satur- 
 "  day  Night  to  Twelve  of  the  Clock  on  Lord's  Day  Night ; 
 *'  and  within  thatcompafs  of  Time  they  prohibited  all  Kinds 
 "  of  Bulinefs  and  Diverfions,  except  Works  of  Neceffity 
 u  and  Mercy.  No  Election  of  Magistrates  is  to  be  on  the 
 "  Lord's  Day,  no  holding  of  Courts,  or  return  of  Writs, 
 '*  but  if,  according  to  their  Charters,  they  fall  upon  the  Lord's 
 tc  Day,  they  are  to  be  deferr'd  to  Monday.  It  is  further 
 "  enacted,  That  all  Perfons  no;  having  a  reafonable  Excufe, 
 '*  to  be  allowed  by  a  Juftice  of  Peace,  fhall  refort  to  fome 
 f*  Church  or  Chapel,  where  the  true  Worfhip  of  God  is 
 f*  performed,  or  to  fome  Meeting  Place  of  Chriftians  not 
 "  differing  in  Matters  of  Faith  from  the  publick  Profeflion  of 
 *'  the  Nation,  on  Penalty  of  two  Shillings  iix  Pence  for  e- 
 w  very  Oifence.  It  is  further  ordained,  That  no  Minifter 
 4t  fhatt  be  molefted,  or  difturbed  in  the  Difcharge  of  his  Of. 
 "  fice  on  the  Lord's  Day,  or  any  other  Day,  when  he  is 
 "  performing  his  Duty,  or  in  going,  or  coming  from  the 
 "  Place  of  publick  Worfhip.  Nor  fhall  any  wilful  Diltur- 
 "  bance  be  given  to  the  Congregation,  on  Penalty  of  five 
 "  Pounds,  or  being  fent  to  the  Workhoufe  for  fix  Months, 
 *'  provided  the  Information  be  within  one  Month  after  the 
 "  Offence  is  committed.',  This  Ordinance  to  be  read  in 
 every  Church  or  Chapel  of  this  Nation  annually,  the  firft 
 Lord's  Day  in  every  March. 
 
 The  Oath  of  Abjuration,  for  difcovering  Popifh  Recufants, 
 not  heing  effectual,  it  was  now  further  ordained,  "  That  all 
 "  Juftices  of  Peace  at  the  Quarter  Scffions  fhould  charge  the 
 "  Grand  Juries  to  prefent  all  Perfons  whom  they  fufpefted 
 "  to  be  popifh  ly  affected;  and  that  every  fuch  Perfon  fhould 
 "  appear  at  the  next  Quarter  Seffions,  and  take  and  fubferibe 
 "  the  following  Oath  of  Abjuration,  on  Penalty  of  being  ad- 
 "  judged  Popifh  Recufants  convict  to  all  Intents  and  Purpofes 
 *'  whatfoever. 
 
 Their  Oath. 
 Se>bel, 
 f.  444. 
 
 "  T  A.  B.  do  abjure  and  renounce  the  Pope's  Supremacy 
 **  1  and  Authority  over  the  Catholick  Church  in  general, 
 "  and  over  my  felf  in  particular.  And  I  do  believe  the 
 "  Church  of  Rome  is  not  the  true  Church  ;  and  that 
 *S  there  is  not  any  Tranfubftantiation  in  the  Sacrament  of 
 "  the   Lord's    Supper,    or   in   the   Elements    of    Bread, 
 
 u  and 
 
Chap.  III.       of  the  P  u  R  i  t  a  n  s.  139 
 
 "  and  Wine    after   Confecration  thereof,  by  any   perfon      Oliver 
 
 *'  whatfoever.     And  I  do  alfo  believe,  that  there  is  not  any   ro\tJ£' 
 
 *c  Purgatory  ;  and  that  the  confecrated  Hofts,   Crucifixes, 
 
 *'  or  Images,  ought  not  to  be  worfhipped  ;  neither  that  any 
 
 *'  Worfhip  is  due  unto  them.     And  I  alfo  believe,  that  Sal- 
 
 *'  vation  cannot  be  merited  by  Works.     And  I  do  fincerely 
 
 •'  teftify  and  declare,  that  the   Pope,   neither   of  himfelf, 
 
 il  nor  by  any  authority  of  the  Church,  or  See  of  Rome,  or 
 
 '*  by  any  other  means  with  any  other,  hath  any  power  or 
 
 "  authority  to  depofe  the  chief  Magiftrate  of  thefe  Nations  ; 
 
 "  or  to  difpofe  of  any  of  the  Countries  or  Territories  there- 
 
 M  unto  belonging;  or  to  authorize  any   foreign  Prince  or 
 
 "  State  to  invade  or  annoy  him,  or  them  ;   or  to  difcharge 
 
 "  any  of  the   people  of  thofe   Nations  from  their  Obedi- 
 
 "  ence    to   the  chief  Magiftrate ;  or   to  give  Licence  or 
 
 "  Leave  to  any  of  the  faid  People  to  bear  Arms,  raife  tu- 
 
 "  mults,  or  to  offer  any  Violence  or  Hurt  to  the  Perfon  of 
 
 "  the  faid  chief  Magiftrate,  or  to  the  State  or  Government 
 
 "  of  thefe  Nations,  or  to  any  of  the  People  thereof.     And 
 
 "  I  do  further  fwear,  that  I  do  from  my  heart  abhor,  de- 
 
 "  teft  and  abjure,  this  damnable  Doctrine  and  Pofition, 
 
 '*  that  Princes,  Rulers  and  Governors,  which  be  excom- 
 
 "  municated,    deprived    by  the   Pope,  may,  by  virtue  of 
 
 "  excommunication  or   deprivation,  be  killed,    murdered, 
 
 **  or  depofed  from  their  Rule  or  Government ;  or  any  out- 
 
 "  rage  or  violence  done  to  them  by  the  people  that  are  un- 
 
 "  der  them  ;  or  by  any  other  whatfoever  upon  fuch  pre- 
 
 "  tence.     And   I  do    further  fwear,  that  I  do  believe  that 
 
 '*  the  Pope,  or  Bifhop  of  Rome,   hath  no  authority,  pow- 
 
 "  er,  or  jurifdi&ion  whatfoever,  within  England,  Scotland, 
 
 "  and  Ireland,  or  any,  or  either  of  them,  or  the  domini- 
 
 "  ons  or  territories    thereunto  belonging,   or    any,  or  ci- 
 
 "  ther  of  them.     And  all  Doctrines  in  affirmation  of  the 
 
 "  fame  points  I  do  abjure  and  renounce,  without  any  equi- 
 
 "  vocation,  mental  refervation,  or  fecret  evafion  whatfo- 
 
 f*  ever,  taking   the  words  by  me  fpoken  according  to  the 
 
 *'  common  and  ufual  meaning  of  them.     And  I  do  believe 
 
 "  no  power  derived  from  the  Pope  or  Church  of  Rome,  or 
 
 *'  any  other   perfon,  can  abfolve  me  from  this  mine  Oath. 
 
 *'  And  I  do  renounce  all  pardons  and  difpenfations  to  the 
 
 "  contrary.     So  help  me  God."  . 
 
 Upon  refufal  of  this  oath  the  Protector  and  his  SuccefTors 
 might  by  Procefs  in  the  Exchequer  feize  upon  two  thirds  of 
 heir  Eftates  both  real  and  perfonal,   for  the  ufe  of  the  Pub- 
 lick, 
 
140  The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y         Vol.  IV. 
 
 Oliver      lick,  during  the  time  of  their  recufancy ;  but  after  their 
 T°i6e,6*'     deceafe  it  was   to  return  to  the   right  heir,  provided   they 
 ^_—  -i  j  took  the  above-mentioned    oath.     It  was  further  ordained, 
 "  That  no  Subject  of  this  Commonwealth  mail  at  any  time 
 *c  be  prefent  at  Mafs,  in  the   Houfe  of  any  foreign  Am- 
 t*  balfador,    or   Agent ;  or  at  any  other  place,   on  penalty 
 "  of  one  hundred  pounds,  and  imprifonment  for  fix  months, 
 "  half  to  the  Protector,  and  half  to  the  Inforrrier."     How 
 far  thefe  Severities  were  neceffary  or  juftifiable  I  leave  with- 
 the  judgment  of  the  Reader. 
 Proteftor  The  Protector  had  an  opportunity  this  year  of  appearing 
 
 affifts  the  for  tne  Pioteftants  of  France,  as  he  had  done  laft  year  for 
 of  Nifmes.  thofe  of  the  Valleys  ;  there  happened  a  quarrel  between 
 the  Burghers  of  Nifmes,  who  were  moflly  Hugonots,  and 
 the  Magistrates  and  Bifhop  of  the  City;  the  Intendant  of 
 the  Province  being  informed  of  it  repaired  thither  to  pre- 
 vent an  infurrection  ;  but  the  Burghers  Handing  in  their 
 own  defence  raifed  a  tumult,  of  which  the  Intendant  fent 
 an  account  to  Court.  The  Burghers  being  quickly  fenfible 
 of  their  folly  fubmitted,  and  begged  pardon  ;  but  the 
 Court  laying  hold  of  the  opportunity,  refolved  to  ruin 
 them.  Upon  which  they  difpatched  a  Meflenger  privately 
 to  Cromwel,  and  begged  his  interpofition.  The  Protector 
 having  heard  the  whole  account,  bid  the  MefFenger  flay  and 
 refrefhhimielf,  and  before  he  could  return  to  Paris  his  bu- 
 linefs  mould  be  done.  Accordingly  an  Exprefs  was  imme- 
 diately difpatched  with  a  Letter  to  the  King  of  France,  un- 
 der cover  of  the  following  to  Cardinal  Mazarine. 
 
 To  his  Eminence    the  Lord  Cardinal  Mazarine. 
 
 «  1~  T  A  V  I  N  G  thought  neceffary  to  difpatch  this  Gen- 
 "  JL  JL  tleman  to  the  King  with  the  enclofed  Letter,  I 
 *'  commanded  him  to  falute  your  Eminence  on  my  part ; 
 "  and  have  charged  him  to  communicate  to  you  certain 
 fi  affairs  which  I  have  entrufted  him  with:  I  therefore  pray 
 "  your  Highnefs  to  give  credit  to  what  he  mall  fay,  having 
 *'  an  entire  confidence  in  him. 
 
 Your  Eminence's  moll:  Affectionate, 
 Whitehall,  Dec.  O.  Cromwel,  Protector  of  the 
 
 -8th,  1656.  Commonwealth  of  England, 
 
 «.Vc. 
 
 The. 
 
Chap.  III.     of  the  Puritans.  141 
 
 Oliver 
 
 The  Protector  added  the  following  Poftfcript  with  his  Pr°te«or. 
 own  Hand  ;  "  I  have  been  informed 'of  the  tumult  at  Nif-  ._  _J  _ 0 
 t(  mesj  I  recommend  to  your  Highnefs  the  intereft  of  the 
 "  Reformed."  And  in  his  inftructions  to  his  Ambaffador 
 Lockhart  he  commanded  him  to  infift  peremptorily,  that 
 the  tumult  at  Nifmes  be  forgiven,  or  elfe  to  leave  the 
 Court  immediately.  Mazarine  complained  of  this  ufage, 
 as  too  high  and  imperious;  but  his  Eminence  flood  in  too 
 much  awe  of  the  Protector  to  quarrel  with  him,  and  there- 
 fore fent  orders  to  the  Intendant  to  make  up  the  matter  as 
 well  as  he  could.  Mr.  Welwood  fays,  the  Cardinal  would 
 change  countenance  whenever  he  heard  the  Name  of  the 
 Protector,  infomuch  that  it  became  a  Proverb  in  France, 
 that  Mazarine  was  not  fo  much  afraid  of  the  Devil  as  of 
 O.  Cromwel.  Such  was  the  Terror  of  this  great  Man's 
 Name  not  only  in  France,  but  in  all  the  Courts  of  Eu- 
 rope ! 
 
 This  year  died  the  Right  Reverend,  and  Pious  Dr.  Jo-  TheDen.'i 
 feph  Hall,  Bifhop  of  Norwich,  whofe  pra&ical  Works  of  D' 
 have  been  in  great  efteem  among  the  Diffenters.  He  was  ^? 
 born  at  Afhby  de  la  Zouch  in  Leicefterfhire,  and  educated 
 in  Emanuel  College,  Cambridge.  When  he  left  the  Uni- 
 verfity  he  travelled  with  Sir  Edmund  Bacon  to  the  Spaw  in 
 Germany.  Upon  his  return  he  was  taken  into  the  Service 
 of  Prince  Heury,  and  preferred  to  the  Rectory  of  Wal- 
 tham  in  Effex,  where  he  continued  twenty  two  years.  King 
 James  fent  him  to  the  Synod  of  Dort  with  other  J  '.liglifh  Di- 
 vines, where  he  preached  a  Latin  Sermon  ;  but  was  forced 
 to  retire  to  England  before  the  Synod  broke  up,  on  the  ac- 
 count of  his  health.  Some  time  after  his  return  he  was 
 preferred  to  the  Bifhoprick  of  Exeter,  and  from  thence 
 tranflated  to  Norwich.  At  the  beginning  of  the  Troubles 
 between  the  King  and  Parliament  the  Bifhop  publifhed  fe- 
 veral  Treatifes  in  favour  of  Diocefan  Epiicopacy,  which 
 were  anfwered  by  Smectymnus,  as  has  been  related.  He 
 was  afterwards  imprifoned  in  the  Tower  with  the  reft  of 
 -the  protefting  Bifhops  ;  upon  his  releafe  he  retired  to  Nor- 
 wich, but  the  Revenues  of  his  Bifhoprick  were  foon  fe~ 
 queftered,  together  with  his  own  perlonal  and  real  eflate, 
 and  he  was  forced  to  be  content  with  the  fifths.  The. 
 Soldiers  ufed  him  feverely,  turning  him  out  of  his  Palace, 
 and  threatning  to  fell  his  Books,  if  a  friend  had  not  given 
 •bond  for  the   money,  at  which  they  were  appraifed.     The 
 
 Bifhop 
 
142 
 
 Oliver 
 Protector. 
 1656. 
 
 Puller's 
 Worthiei, 
 Book  II.  p. 
 J30. 
 
 Of  Mr. 
 Capel. 
 Fuller's 
 Worthies, 
 P-  2*0. 
 
 The  H  I S  T  O  R  Y        Vol.  IV. 
 
 Bifliop  complained  very  juftly  of  this  ufage,  in  a  Pamph- 
 let entitled  u  Hard  Meafure."  At  length  the  Parliament, 
 to  make  him  fome  amends,  voted  him  40  1.  per  Annum ; 
 and  when  the  War  was  over,  in  the  year  1647,  they  took 
 off  the  Sequeftration  from  his  eftate,  and  the  Bifhop  lived 
 peaceably  upon  it  afterwards,  fpending  his  time  in  Acts  of 
 charity,  meditation,  and  folitude.  He  was  a  learned  and 
 pious  Man,  and  of  great  humility  and  goodnefs  in  conver- 
 fation  ;  but  his  being  the  tool  of  Archbifhop  Laud  in  fup- 
 porting  the  divine  Right  of  Diocefan  Epifcopacy,  did  him 
 no  fervice  with  the  Parliament.  Mr.  Fuller  fays,  he  was 
 frequently  called  our  Englifh  Seneca,  for  the  purenefs, 
 plainnefs,  and  fulnefs  of  his  Stile.  He  was  more  happy  in 
 his  practical  than  polemical  Writings.  There  is  one  re- 
 markable paffage  in  his  Will,  which  is  this,  after  having 
 defired  a  private  Funeral,  he  adds,  "  I  do  not  hold  God's 
 "  Houfe  a  meet  Repofitory  for  the  dead  Bodies  of  the 
 "  greateft  Saints."  In  his  laft  Sicknefs  he  was  afflicted 
 with  violent  Pains  of  the  Stone  and  Strangury,  which  he 
 bore  with  wonderful  patience,  till  death  put  an  end  to  all 
 his  troubles,  Sept.  8th,  1656,  in  the  eighty  fecond  year  of 
 his  age. 
 
 Towards  the  latter  end  of  the  year  died  the  Reverend 
 Mr.  Richard  Capel,  born  at  Gloacefter  1584,  and  educa- 
 ted in  Magdalen  College,  Oxon,  where  he  proceeded 
 M.  A.  His  Eminency  in  the  Univerfity  (fays  the  Oxford 
 Hiftorian)  was  great ;  he  had  divers  learned  Men  for  his 
 Pupils,  who  were  afterwards  famous  in  the  Church,  as 
 Accepted  Frewen,  Archbifhop  of  York,  William  Pemble, 
 and  others.  He  left  the  Univerfity  for  the  Rectory  of 
 Eaftington  in  his  own  Country,  where  he  became  famous 
 for  his  painful  and  practical  Preaching,  as  well  as  for  his 
 exemplary  Life.  When  the  Book  of  Sports  came  out, 
 1633,  he  refufed  to  read  it,  butrefigned  his  Rectory,  and 
 turned  Phyfician.  In  1641,  he  clofed  with  the  Parlia- 
 ment, and  was  chofen  one  of  the  Affembly  of  Divines,  but 
 declined  fitting  among  them,  chufing  to  refide  at  his  Li- 
 ving at  Pitchcomb,  near  Stroud,  where  he  was  in  great 
 reputation  as  a  Phyfician  and  Divine,  preaching  gratis  to 
 his  Congregation.  He  publifhed  feveral  valuable  Treatifes, 
 and  among  others  a  celebrated  one,  "  Of  Temptations, 
 41  their  Nature,  Danger,  and  Cure."  He  was  a  good  old 
 Puritan,  of  the  ftamp  of  Mr.  Dod,  Cleaver,  and  Hilder- 
 ftiam  ;  and  died  at  Pitchcomb  in  Gioucefterfhire,  Sept. 
 21,  1656,  sged  feventy  two  years. 
 
 The 
 
Chap. 
 
 III.       of  the  P  U  R  I  T  A  N  s. 
 
 *43 
 
 The  Parliament,  which  met  Sept.  17th,  continued  fitting    Oliver 
 
 Prote&or. 
 
 to  the  next  year,  having  before  them  an  affair  of  the  great-    r°6e|; 
 
 57- 
 
 eft  confequence,  which  was  confirming  the   Government 
 under  Cromwel  as    Lord  Protector,  or  changing  it  for  the  Debates 
 Title  of  King.     Colonel  Jephfon,  one  of  the  Members  for  ^tlJe 
 Ireland,   moved,  that  the  Protector  might  have  the  Crown  Kin'!. 
 with  the  Title  of  King,    and   was  feconded  by  Alderman  Wutl.  p. 
 Pack,  Member  for  the    City  of  London  ;  but  the  Repub-  646> 
 licans  in  the  Houfe  oppofed  it  with  great  vehemence  ;  how- 
 ever, upon  putting  the  queftion,  it  was  carried  for  a  King  ; 
 moft  of  the  Lawyers,   as  Serjeant  Glyn,   Maynard,  Foun- 
 tain, St.  John,   and  others,  being  on  that  Side.    April  4th, 
 a  Petition  was  prefented  to  the  Protector,  recommending 
 the  Title  and  Office  of  a  King,  as  belt  fitted   to  the  Laws 
 and  Temper  of  the  People  of  England ;  and  upon  his  defiring 
 time  to  confider  of  it,  a  Committee  was  appointed  to  give 
 him    fatisfaction  in   any  difficulties  that  might  arife,  who 
 urged,  "  that  the  Name  of  Protector  was  unknown  to  our 
 «*  Englifti  Conftitution-  -That  his  Highnefs  had  alrea- 
 
 *<  dy  the  Office  and  Power  of  a  King,    and  therefore  the 
 
 "  Difpute  was  only  about  a  Name That  his  Perfon 
 
 *'  would  never  be  fecure  till  he  aflumed  it,  becaufe  th« 
 **  Laws  did  not  take  notice  of  him  as  chief  Magiftrate,  and 
 "  Juries  were  backward  to  find  Perfons  guilty  of  Treafon 
 '*  where  there  was  no  King — They  urged  the  advantage* 
 *'  of  a  mixed  Monarchy,  and  infilled  on  the  Safety  and  Se- 
 "  curity  of  himfelf  and  his  Friends — That  by  the  Laws  of 
 *'  Edw.  IV.  and  Henry  VII.  whatever  was  done  by  a  King 
 *c  in  poffeflion,  with  the  confent  of  a  Houfe  of  Lords  and 
 "  Commons,  was  valid,  and  all  that  ferved  under  him  were 
 "  exempt  from  punifhment —  That  without  this  Title  all 
 "  the  Grants  and  Sales  that  had  been  made  were  null  and 
 «'  void  ;  and  all  that  had  collected  the  publick  Moneys  were 
 
 "  accountable In  fhort,    that  the  inclinations  of  the 
 
 "  Nation  were  for  a  King —  That  his  not  accepting  the 
 **  Office  would  occafion  the  changing  many  ancient  Laws, 
 "  Cuftoms,  and  Formalities —  That  there  would  be  no 
 *'  lading  Settlement  till  things  reverted  to  this  Channel — 
 "  To  all  which  they  added,  that  it  was  the  advice  and 
 fi  opinion  of  the  Reprefentatives  of  the  three  Nations  ;  and 
 «'  fince  the  Parliament  of  England,  Scotland,  and  Ireland. 
 «c,  advifed  and  defired  him  to  accept  the  Title,  he  oughi 
 *'-  not  in  reafon  or  equity  to  decline  it ". 
 
 Ths 
 
144 
 
 Oliver 
 Protedor 
 
 1657- 
 
 The  Protec- 
 tor's 
 
 Reafons  for 
 declining  it. 
 Burnet,  p. 
 68,  70. 
 
 Remarks. 
 Whirl. 
 
 p.  646. 
 
 p.  in. 
 
 The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y         Vol.  IV. 
 
 The  Protector  attended  to  thefe  Arguments,  and  would 
 no  doubt  have  complied,  if  he  could  have  relied  upon  the 
 Army  ;  but  the  chief  Officers  remonflrated  ftrongly  againft 
 it,  and  many  of  his  old  Friends,  among  whom  was  his  own 
 Son-in-Law  Fleetwood,  threaten'd  to  lay  down  their  Com- 
 miflions.  All  the  Republicans  declaimed  loudly  againffc 
 his  accepting  the  Crown,  and  prefented  a  Petition  to  the 
 Houle  againlt  it.  drawn  up  by  Dr.  Owen,  and  prefented 
 by  Lieutenant  General  Mafon:  They  faid,  "  they  had 
 "  pulPd  down   Monarchy  with  the  Monarch,  and  mould 
 
 "  they  now  build  it  up  ? They  had  appealed  to  God 
 
 "  in  the  late  War,  who  had  anfwered  in  their  Favour,  and 
 
 "  fhould  they  now  diftruft  him  ? They  had  voted  to 
 
 "  be.  true  to  the  Commonwealth  without  King  or  King- 
 "  fhip,  and  fhould  they  break  their  vows,  and  go  back  to 
 
 *'  Egypt  for  fecurity  ? They  thought  it  rather  their  hap- 
 
 "  pinefs  to  be  under  a  legal  danger,  which  might  make  them 
 
 "  more  cautious  and  diligent Some  faid,  if  they  rauft 
 
 "  have  a  King,  why  not  the   legal  one "  Upon  thefe 
 
 grounds  they  flood  out,  and  rejected  with  fcorn  all  Limita- 
 tions of  the  Prerogative  under  a  kingly  Government.  So 
 that  whatever  might  be  the  Protector's  Inclination,  he  judg-  • 
 ed  it  mofl  prudent  to  decline  the  Crown  for  the  prefent;  and 
 accordingly,  May  8.  he  fent  for  the  Houfe,  and  acquainted 
 them,  that  "  as  the  circumflances  of  Affairs  then  flood,  he 
 "  could  not  undertake  the  Government  with  the  Title  of 
 «  King." 
 
 Some  have  been  of  opinion,  that  the  Protector's  great 
 Genius  forfook  him  in  this  Affair;  but  it  is  impoffible,  at 
 this  diflance  of  time,  to  judge  of  the  flrength  of  the  Rea- 
 fons that  determined  him  the  other  Way.  Had  he  afTumed 
 the  Title  of  King  the  Army  would  have  revolted  ;  the  Ca- 
 valiers would  have  joined  the  Republicans  to  have  pulled 
 him  down  from  the  Throne,  the  whole  Nation  would  in  all 
 probability  have  been  thrown  into  confufion,  and  himfelf 
 have  been  the  Sacrifice.  The  Protector  had  made  large 
 advances  in  Power  already,  and  he  might  apprehend  it  not 
 worth  while  at  prefent  to  risk  the  whole  for  the  fake  of  a 
 Name;  though  I  make  no  qneflion,  but  if  he  had  lived  to 
 fee  his  Government  eftablifhed,  and  the  Spirits  of  the  People 
 calmed,  he  would  in  a  proper  time  have  accepted  of  the 
 Stile  and  Title  of  King,  as  well  as  the  Office.  Nay,  Mr. 
 Welwood  fays,  That  a  Crown  was  actually  made,  and 
 brought  to  Whitehall  for  that  Purpofc. 
 
 Upon 
 
Chap.  III.       of  the  Puritans.  14^ 
 
 Upon  Cromwel's  declining  the  Title  of  King  the  Parlia-     Oliver 
 ment  concluded    upon   an   humble   Petition  and  Advice,  Pr^e^er« 
 which  was  prefented  to  the  Protector  May  25,  containing,  ._      '_  _j 
 among  others,  the  following  Articles.— — a  That  his  High-  Parliament » 
 *'  nefs  would  exercife  the  Office  of  Chief  Magiftrate  of  J**""1  and 
 "  this  nation  under  the  Title  of  Lord  Protector ;  and  that  vvhit" 
 
 "  during  Life  he  would  declare  his  Succeflbr That  for  Memoirs. 
 
 *'  the  future  he  would  be  pleafed  to  call  Parliaments,  con-  P-  67& 
 "  fifting  of  two  Houfes,  to  meet  once  in  three  years,  and 
 
 "  oftener,  if  there  be  occafion That  the  antient  Liber- 
 
 *'  ties  of  Parliament  may  be  preferved  ;  and  that  none  who 
 "  are  chofen  may  be  excluded  but  by  the  Judgment  and 
 
 "  Confent  of  the  Houfe  of  which  they  are  Members 
 
 "  That  no  Papift,  no  perfon  that  has  borne  Arms  again  ft 
 "  the  Parliament,  unlefs  he  has  fince  given  proof  of  his 
 "  good  affection  to  the  Commonwealth  ;  no  Clergyman, 
 "  no  Atheift,  or  openly  prophane  perfon,  be  qualified  to  be 
 
 "  chofen    Member  of   Parliament— That   the  other 
 
 "  Houfe  of  Parliament  be  not  more  than  feventy,  nor 
 "  lefs  than  forty,  of  which,. twenty  one  to  make  a  Houfe 
 
 "  That  they  may  not  vote  by  proxy---     That  as  any 
 
 "  €>f  them  die  no  new  ones"  be  admitted  but  by  Confent  of 
 **  the  Houfe  itfelf,  but  the  nomination  to  be  in  the  Protec- 
 '*  tor ;   and  that  they  may  not  proceed  in  any  criminal 
 
 "  caufes   but  by  Impeachment  of  the  Commons That 
 
 "  no  Laws  be  abrogated,  fufpended,  or  repealed,  but  by 
 "  A£r,  of  Parliament ;  and  that  no  perfon  be  compelled  to 
 "  contribute  to  any  Gift,  Loans,  Benevolences,  or  Taxes, 
 
 "  without  Confent  of  Parliament That   the  number 
 
 "  of  his  Highnefs's  Council  be  not  more  than  twenty  one, 
 '*  of  which  feven  to  be  a  Quorum ;  and  that  no  Privy 
 "  Counfelior  be  removed  but  by  confent  of  Parliament  , 
 "  though  in  the  intervals  of  Parliament  they  may  be  fijf- 
 
 "  pended That  the  Chancellor,  or  Keeper  of  the 
 
 "  Great  Seal,  the  Commiffioners  of  the  Treafury,  and  other 
 iC  chief  Officers  of  State,  may  be  approved  by  both  Houfes 
 *<  of  Parliament 
 
 The  Article  relating  to  Religion  was  in  thefe  Words  ;  Article  re- 
 *'  That  the  Protectant  Chriftian  Religion  contained  in  the  [ating  to 
 ".  Holy  Scriptures  of  the  Old  and  New  Teftinnent,  and  no  Rel,eion- 
 "  other,  be  afferted  and  held  forth,  as  the  publick  Profef-  , 
 i(  Hon  of  this  Nation  ;    and  that  a  ConfeiTion  of  Faitli,  to 
 "  be  agreed  upon  by  your  Highnefs  and  this   prefent  Par- 
 '*  liament,  be  afTerted,  and  recommended  to  the  People  of 
 "  the  Nation;  and  that  none  {hall  be  permitted  by  oppro- 
 
 Vol.  IV.  K  brious 
 
The    HISTORY 
 
 Vol.  IV. 
 
 Oliver 
 Protestor. 
 
 1657. 
 
 The  Protec- 
 tor's new 
 Title. 
 
 "  brious  words  or  writing  to  revile  or  reproach  the  faid  Con- 
 **  feflion.     That  fuch  who  profefs  Faith  in  God  the  Father, 
 "  and  in  Jefus  Chrift  his  eternal  Son,  the  true  God  ;  and 
 "  in  the  Holy  Ghoft,  God  co-equal  and  co-eternal  with  the 
 "  Father  and  the  Son,  One  God,  blefled  for  ever,  and  do 
 "  acknowledge  the   Holy  Scriptures  of  the  Old  and  New 
 "  Tefhment  to  be  the  revealed  Will  and  Word  of  God, 
 '    tho'   in  other  things  they  may  differ  in  Word  and  Doc- 
 "  trine,  or  Difciplint:,  from  the  publick  ProfefTion  held  forth, 
 "  fhall  not  be  compelled  by  penalties,  or  reftraints,  from 
 *'  their  ProfelTion,   but  fliall  be  protected  from  all   Injuries 
 "  and  Moleftations  in  the  proferfion  or  their  Faith,  and  ex- 
 "  ercife  of  their  Religion,  while  they  abufe  not  this  liber- 
 *'  ty  to  the  civil  injury  of  others,  or  the  difhirbance  of  the 
 "  publick  Peace;    provided  this  Liberty  do  not  extend  to 
 "  Popery  or  Prelacy,  or  to   the  countenance  of  fuch  who 
 "  P'iblifh   horrid  Blafphemies  ;     or  who  praftife  or  hold 
 f  forth  licentioufnefs  or  pronhanenefs,  under  the  profeflion 
 "  of  Chrifr. ;    and  thofe  Minifters,  or  publick  Preachers, 
 f*  who  agree  with    the  public^  ProfelTion  aforefaid  in  mat- 
 ?'  ters  of  Faith,  tho'  they  differ  in  matters  of  Worfhip  or 
 "  Difcipline,  fliall  not  only  have  protection  in  the  way  of 
 "  their  Churches  or  Worfhip,  but  fliall  be  deemed  equally 
 "  fit  and  capable  (being  otherwife  qualified)  of  any  Trufi, 
 *'  Promotion,  or  Employment  in   this  Nation,  with  thofe 
 "  who  agree  with  the  publick  ProfefTion  of  Faith,  only  they 
 "  ill  all  not  be  capable  of  receiving  the  publick  Maintenance 
 "  appointed  for  the  Miniftry.     And  all  Minifters  fhall  re- 
 11  main  difqualified  from  holding  any  civil  Employment,  ac- 
 "  cording  to  the   Aft  for  difabling  all  perfons  in'  holy  Or- 
 "  ders  to  exercife  any  temporal  Jurifdiftion  and  Authority, 
 "  which  is  hereby  confirmed." 
 
 The  Proteftor  having  confentcd  to  thefe,  and  fome  other 
 Articles  to  the  number  of  eighteen,  an  oath  was  appointed 
 to  be  taken  by  all  Privy  Counfellors,  and  Members  of  Par- 
 liament for  the  future,  "  To  maintain  the  Proteftant  Reli- 
 "  gion  ;  to  be  faithful  to  the  Lord  Proteftor;  and  to  pre- 
 "  ferve  the  Rights  and  Liberties  of  the  People  ;"  and  a 
 few  days  after  Oliver  Cromwel  was  proclaimed  a  fecond 
 Time  Lord  Proteftor  in  the  Cities  of  London  and  Weil- 
 minfter  ;  this  being  efteemed  a  new,  and  more  parliamen- 
 tary Title  ;  and  if  the  Houfe  had  been  full  and  free  it 
 might  have  been  fo,  but  the  Council's  affuming  a  Power 
 to  approve  or  difapprove  of  the  Members  after  they  were 
 
 returned  ; 
 
Chap.  III.      of   the  P  u  R  r  t  A  n  s;  147 
 
 returned ;  their  forbidding  them  to  debate  the  fundamentals  of     Oliver 
 the  new  Government,  and  obliging  them  to  fign  a  Recogniti-  Pr*l^r- 
 on  of  it  before  they  entered  the  Houfe,  looks  like  a  force, .    -  -'_i 
 or  taking  the  Election  out  of  their  hands.     But  as  lame  and 
 imperfect  as  the  Protector's  Title  may  feem  to  be,  it  was 
 as  good  as  that  of  the  Roman  Emperors,  or  the  original 
 Claims  of  many  of  the  Royal  Houfes  of  Europe  ;   and  in 
 the  prefent  disjointed  State  of  the  Englifh  Nation,  not  only 
 neceflary,  but  it  may  be  the  bed  thing  that  could'  be  done  ; 
 for  if  the  Prote&orfhip  had  been  let  afide,  there  was  hardly 
 a  Man  in  the  Houfe  who  would  have  ventured   to  vote  in 
 the  King ;  an  abfolute  Commonwealth  could  not  have  been 
 fupported,  and  therefore  the  Government  rnufl  have  been 
 diffolved. 
 
 This  being  the  Iaft  fettlement  of  Government  in  the  Pro-  Remark, 
 tenor's  Time,  the  Reader  will  obferve,  that  the  four  fun-  p.  93. 
 damental  Articles  already  mentioned,  (viz.)  That  the  Go- 
 vernment be  in  a  fingle  perfon  and  a  Parliament.  (2.)  That 
 Parliaments  be  not  perpetual.  (3.)  The  Militia.  And, 
 (4.)  Liberty  of  Confcience  in  matters  of  Religion,  were 
 not  fuffer'd  to  be  examined  or  altered,  but  were  fuppofed 
 as  the  Bafis  upon  which  the  new  Government  was  to  be 
 built — That  tho'  Oliver's  Title  to  the  Government  had  the 
 Sanction  and  Confirmation  of  the  prefent  Parliament,  it  was 
 derived  originally  from  the  choice  of  the  Council  of  Officers, 
 and  was  never  fuffered  to  be  debated  in  the  Houfe  after- 
 wards—  That  the  Humble  Petition  and  Advice  approaches 
 nearer  the  old  legal  Conflitution,  by  appointing  two  Houfes 
 of  Parliament,  and  would,  no  doubt,  in  time,  have  been 
 converted  into  it— —That  the  regulations  it  makes  in  the 
 
 Conftitution  are   for  the  mod  part  reafonable That  the 
 
 Prefbyterians  were  ftill  left  in  poffeflion  of  all  the  Ecclefiaf- 
 tical  Revenues  of  the  Kingdom,  tho'  an  open  and  free  Li- 
 berty was  granted  to  all  Chriftians,  but  Papifts  and  Prela- 
 tifts,  who  were  excepted  for  Reafons  of  State  ;  and  the 
 penal  Laws  made  againft  the  latter  were  dropt  by  the  Par- 
 liament's not  confirming  them.  Remarkable  are  the  words 
 of  the  Lord  CommnTioner  Fiennes,  at  the  opening  or  the 
 Second  Seflion  of  this  Parliament,  in  which  he  "  warns 
 *'  the  Houfes  of  the  Rock  on  which  many  had  fplit,  which 
 M  was  a  Spirit  of  impofing  upon  Men's  Confciences  in  things 
 "  wherein  God  leaves  them  a  latitude,  and  would  have  them 
 u  free.  The  Prelates  and  their  adherents ;  nay,  and  their 
 "  mailer  and  fupporter,  with  all  hispollerity,  have  fplit  up- 
 **  on  it.  The  bloody  rebels  in  Irehnd,  who  would  ensure 
 K  %  no 
 
148 
 
 The    HISTORY        Vol.  IV. 
 
 Protector. 
 1657 
 
 Oliver  «<  no  Religion  but  their  own,  have  fplit  upon  it ;  and  we 
 doubt  not  but  the  Prince  of  thofe  fatanical  Spirits  will  in 
 due  time  fplit  upon  it,  and  5e  brought  to  the  ground  with 
 his  bloody  Inquifition.  But  as  God  is  no  Refpefrer  of 
 "  perfons,  fo  he  is  no  Refpe&cr  of  Forms,  but  in  what 
 **  Form  foever  the  Spirit  of  Impofition  appears,  he  will  tef- 
 "  fy  againil:  it.  If  Men,  tho'  otherwife  good,  will  turn  Ce- 
 •*  remony  into  Subftance,  and  make  the  Kingdom  of  Chrift 
 "  confilr.  in  circumfiances,  in  difcipline  and  forms ;  and  if 
 "  they  carry  their  animofities  to  fuch  an  height,  that  if  one 
 "  fays  Sibboleth  inftead  of  Shibboleth,  it  mail  be  accounted 
 il  ground  enough  to  cut  his  Throat :  If  they  mall  account 
 "  Inch  Devils,  or  the  Seed  of  the  Serpent,  that  are  not 
 "  within  fuch  a  circle,  or  of  fuch  an  opinion,  in  vain  do  they 
 "  protefr.  againfl  the  perfecution  of  God's  People,  when 
 **  they  make  the  definition  of  God's  People  fo  narrow,  that 
 "  their  perfecution  is  as  broad  as  any  other,  and  ufually 
 "  more  fierce,  becaufe  edged  with  a  fharp  temper  of  Spirit. 
 "  Bleffed  therefore  be  God,  who  in  Mercy  to  us  and  them, 
 "  has  placed  the  Power  in  fuch  hands  as  make  it  their  bufi- 
 '*  nefs  to  preferve  peace,  and  hinder  Men  from  biting  and 
 "  devouring  one  another — It  is  good  to  hold  forth  a  publick 
 "  profeiTion  of  the  Truth,  but  not  fo  as  to  exclude  thofe 
 "  that  can't  come  up  to  it  in  all  points  from  the  privilege 
 U  that  belongs  to  them  as  Chriitians,  much  lefs  from  the 
 "  privilege  that  belongs  to  them  as  Men." 
 Proreaor's  ^'s  Highnefs  having  now  a  more  parliamentary  Title,  it 
 fecond  in-  was  thought  proper  that  he  fhould  have  a  more  folemn  In- 
 flalmtnt.  auguration, which  was  accordingly  appointed  to  be  on  June 
 26,  in  Weitminfter  Hall,  which  was  adorned  and  beautified 
 for  this  purpofe  as  for  a  Coronation.  At  the  upper  end  there 
 was  an  afcent  of  two  degrees  covered  with  Carpets,  in  the 
 midfl  of  which  there  was  a  rich  Canopy,  and  under  it  a 
 Chair  of  State.  Before  the  Canopy  there  was  a  Table  and 
 Chair  for  the  Speaker,  and  on  each  fide  feats  for  the  Mem- 
 bers of  Parliament,  for  the  Judges,  for  the  Lord  Mayor 
 and  Aldermen  of  London.  The  Protettor  was  conducted 
 from  the  Houfe  of  Lords  with  all  the  State  and  Grandeur 
 of  a  King,  and  being  feated  under  the  Canopy  of  State,  the 
 Speaker  of  the  Parliament,  the  Earl  of  Warwick,  and 
 Commiffioner  Whitlock,  vefted  him  with  a  purple  Velvet 
 Robe  lined  with  Ermin  :  They  delivered  into  one  of  his 
 hands  a  Bible  richly  gilt,  and  emboffed  with  Gold  ;  and 
 into  the  other  a  Scepter  of  mafiy  Gold ;  and,  Laffly,  they 
 girt  him  with  a  rich  Sword  ;  after  this  they  adminiiler'd  an 
 
 Oath 
 
Chap.  III.        of  the  Puritans. 
 
 Oath  to  the  Protector,  to  govern  according  to  Law.  The 
 Solemnity  concluded  with  a  (hort  Prayer  pronounced  by  Dr. 
 Manton ;  and  then  the  Herald  having  proclaimed  his  High- 
 nefs's  Title?,  the  People  fhouted  with  loud  Acclamations, 
 Long  live  the  Lord  Protector,  &c.  and  the  Day  concluded  • 
 with  Feaftings,  and  all  other  Kinds  of  Rejoicing. 
 
 The  Protector  having  waded  through  all  thefe  Difficulties  His  Gran* 
 to  the  Supreme  Government  of  thefe  Nations,  appeared  on  ^  ^"ddm-. 
 a  fudden  like  a  Comet  or  blazing  Star,  raifed   up  by  Provi-  nidation. 
 dence  to  exalt  this  Nation  to  a  diflinguifh'd  Pitch  of  Glory,  Eachard, 
 and  to  ftrike  Terror  into  the  reft  of  Europe.     His  Manage-  ^J^ 
 ment,  for  the  little  Time  he  furvived,    was  the  Admiration  Hift, 
 of  all  Mankind;    for  tho'  he  would  never  fuffer  his  Title  P*  "3« 
 to  the  fupreme  Government  to  be  difputed,  yet  his  greateft 
 Enemies  have  confefled,  that  in  all  other   Cafes  diftribu'tive 
 Tuftice  was  reftored  to  its  antient  Splendor.      The  Judges 
 did  their  Duty  according  to  Equity,  without  Covetoufnefs    - 
 or  Bribery ;  the  Laws  had  their  full  and  free  Courfe  without 
 Impediment  or  Delay  ;  Men's  Manners  were  wonderfully 
 reformed,  and  the  Protector's  Court  was  under  an   exact 
 Difcipline.     Trade  flourifhed,  and  the   Arts  of  Peace  were 
 cultivated  throughout  the  whole  Nation ;  the  publick  Money 
 was  managed  with  Frugality,  and   to  the   beft  Advantage; 
 the  Army  and  Navy  were  well  paid,  and  ferved  accordingly. 
 As  the  Protector  proceeded  with  great  Steadinefs  and  Refolu- 
 tion  againft  the  Enemies  of  his  Government,  he  was  no  lefs 
 generous  and  bountiful  to  thofe  of  all  Parties  who  fubmitted 
 to  it  j  for  as  he  would  not  declare  himfelf  of  any  particular 
 Sect,  he  gave  out  that  "  it  was  his  only  With,  that  ail  would     ■ 
 l(  gather  into   one  Sheepfold,    under  one  Shepherd,  Jefus 
 "  Cbrift,  and  love  one  another."     He  reflected  the  Clergy 
 in  their  Places,  but  confined  them  to  their  fpiritual  Function. 
 Nor  was  he  jealous  of  any  that  did  not  meddle  in  Politicks, 
 and  endeavour  to  raife  Disturbances  in  the  State  :    Even  the 
 Prejudice   he  had  againft   the  Epifcopal  Party   (fays  Bifhop 
 Kennet)  was  more  tor  their  being  Royalifts  than  being  of  the 
 Church  of  England.     But  when  one  Party  of  the  Clergy 
 began  to  lift  up  their  Heads  above  their  Brethren,  or  to  act: 
 out  of  their  Sphere,  he  always  found  Means  to  take   them 
 down-     He  had  a  watchful  Eye  over  the  Royalifts  and  Re- 
 publicans, who  were  always  plotting  againft  his  PeiTon  and 
 Government ;    but  his  erecting  a  Houfe  of  Lords,  or  Upper 
 Houfe,  fo  quickly  after  Inftalment,  roufed  the  Malecontents, 
 and  had  like  to  have  fubvcrted  his  Government  in  the  In- 
 fancy of  it. 
 
 K  3  Tht 
 
150  The    HISTORY  Vol.  IV. 
 
 Pio?edw  •'^he  Pr0te<^°r  was  m  n>gh  Reputation  abroad,  and  carried 
 j6  7.  Victory  with  his  Armies  and  Navies  where-ever  they  ap- 
 v— v— ^  peared.  There  had  been  a  Negotiation  with  France  con- 
 Protettor's  cerning  an  Alliance  againft  Spain,  begun  at  London  1655. 
 Treaty  w.th  but  not  concluded  till  March  13.  1657.  by  which  the  Protec- 
 Bumet,  tor  obliged  himfelf  to  join  fix  Thoufand  Men  with  the  French 
 P-  73'  Army,  and  to  furnifh  fifty  Men  of  War  to  conquer  the  mari- 
 
 time Towns  belonging  to  Spain  in  the  Low  Countries,  on  this 
 Condition,  that  Dunkirk  and  Mardyke  fhould  be  put  into  his 
 Hands,  and  the  Family  of  the  Stuarts  depart  the  Territories 
 of  Fiance.  That  which  determined  him  to  join  with  France 
 rather  than  Spain,  was  the  numerous  Parties  that  were 
 againft  him  at  home ;  for  if  the  young  King,  affifted  by 
 France,  mould  have  made  a  Defcent  upon  England  with  an 
 Army  of  the  French  Proteftants,  it  might  have  been  of  fa- 
 tal Confequence  to  his  infant  Government ;  whereas  the 
 Spaniards  were  at  a  Diftance,  and  having  no  Proteftant  Sub- 
 jects, were  lefs  to  be  feared.  Upon  the  Concluiion  of  this 
 Treaty  King  Charles  enter'd  into  an  Alliance  with  the  Spa- 
 niard, who  allowed  him  a  Imall  Penfion,  and  promifed  him 
 the  Command  of  fix  Thoufand  Men  as  foon  as  he  was 
 pofTefTed  of  any  Sea-port  in  England.  In  Confequence  of 
 this  Treaty  mod  of  the  Royalifts  went  into  the  Spanifh  Ser- 
 vice. But  the  Protcclor's  fix  Thoufand  Men  in  Flanders 
 behaved  with  undaunted  Bravery,  and  took  St.  Venant, 
 Mardyke,  and  fome  other  Places,  from  the  Spaniards  this 
 Summer. 
 Admiral  Admiral  Blake  was  no  lefs  fuccefsful  at   Sea,  for  having 
 
 Blake  de-      received  Advice  of  the  Return  of  the  Spanifh  Weft  India 
 
 s'aniir,116      F,eet'   he  *ailed  t0  the  ^anaries  with  Twenty  five  Men  of 
 
 Galleons.      "War,  and  on  the  20th  of  April  arrived  at  the  Bay  of  Sancfa 
 
 Cruz,  in  the  Ifland  of   Tenariff,  where   the   Galleons,  to 
 
 the  Number   of  fixteen,    richly   laden,    lay   clofe   under  a 
 
 ftrong  Caftle,  defended  by  feven  Forts  mounted  with  Cannon  ; 
 
 the  Admiral  finding  it  impoffible  to  make  them  a  Prize,  had 
 
 the  gcod  Fortune  to  burn  and  deftroy  them  all,  only   with 
 
 the  Lofs  of  one    Ship,    and   one  Hundred  and   fixty  Men. 
 
 When  the  News  of  this  Succefs  arrived  in    England  a  Day 
 
 of  Thankfgiving  was  appointed,  and  a  rich   Prelent  ordered 
 
 the  Admiral  upon   his    Return  ;    but  this  great  Sea- Officer 
 
 having  been  three  Years  out  at  Sea,  died  as  he  was  entering 
 
 y!s  Death     Plymouth   Sound,  Aug.   17.    in  the  Sixty  feventh  Year  of 
 
 ra'atCha"      k's  Age.     He  was  of  the   antient  Family  of  the  Blakes  of 
 
 Eachard,       Planchficld,  Somerfetfhire,   and  was  educated  in   Wadham 
 
 P725-        College,  Oxford.     He  was  fmall  of  Stature,  but  the  braveft: 
 
 and 
 
Chap. 
 
 III.       of  the    Puritans,  151 
 
 and  boldeft  Sailor  that  England  ever  bred,  and  confulted  the  Oliver 
 Honour  of  his  Country  beyond  all  his  Predeceifors.  When  |^r' 
 fome  of  his  Men  being  afhore  at  Malaga  refufed  to  do  Ho- 
 nour to  the  Holt  as  it  palled  by,  one  or  the  Prielts  railed  the 
 Mob  upon  them.  Upon  which  Blake  lent  a  Trumpet  to  the 
 Viceroy  to  demand  the  Prieft,  who  faying  he  had  no  Autho- 
 rity to  deliver  him  up,  the  Admiral  anlwered,  that  if  he  did 
 not  fend  him  aboard  in  three  Hours  he  would  burn  the  Town 
 about  their  Ears  ;  upon  which  he  came  and  begg'd  Pardon  ; 
 the  Admiral,  after  a  fevere  Reprimand,  told  him  that  if  he 
 had  complained  to  him  of  his  Sailors  he  would  have 
 punifhed  them,  but  he  would  have  all  the  World  know, 
 that  an  Englilhman  was  only  to  be  punimed  by  an  Englilh- 
 man,  and  fo  difmiiTed  him,  beincj  fatisfied  that  he  had  ilruck 
 Terror  into  the  Prieft,  and  had  him  at  his  Mercy.  When  Burnet, 
 Oliver  read  this  PalTage  of  Blake's  Letter  in  Council,  he  p  Sl' 
 faid,  <c  He  hoped  to  make  the  Name  of  an  Englifh  Man  as 
 "  great  as  ever  that  of  a  Roman  had  been."  The  Admiral 
 kept  an  exact  Difcipline  in  the  Fleet,  and  taught  his  Men  to 
 defpife  Caftles  on  Shore,  as  well  as  Ships  at  Sea.  Valour 
 feldom  mi/fed  its  Reward  with  him,  nor  Cowardice  its  Punifh- 
 ment.  He  had  a  noble  publick  Spirit,  for  after  all  his  Ser- 
 vices for  the  Honour  of  his  Country,  and  Opportunities  of 
 getting  immenfe  Riches  from  the  Spaniards,  he  died  not  five 
 Hundred  Pounds  richer  than  his  Father  left  him.  His  Body 
 was  brought  by  Water  to  Greenwich,  and  buried  in  a  moft 
 magnificent  Manner,  in  a  Vault  made  on  purpofe  in  King 
 Henry  Seventh's  Chapel,  at  the  publick  Expence  ;  but  at  the 
 Reftoration,  his  Body  was  taken  out  of  the  Grave,  and  flung 
 M'ith  others  into  a  common  Pit ;  and  his  Brother,  being  a 
 DilTenter,  furTered  f)  many  Hardlhips  for  Religion  in  King 
 Charles  the  Second's  Reign,  that  he  was  obliged  to  fell  the 
 little  Eftate  the  Admiral  left  him,  and  tranfport  himfelf  and 
 Children  to  Carolina. 
 
 By  the  Second   Article  of  the  Humble  Advice,  which  ap-  proteaor 
 points  all    future   Parliaments  to  confilt  of  two  Houfes,  the  conftitutes 
 Form  of  the  prefent  Government  began  to  change  in   favour  ho"h  of 
 of  the  antient  Constitution.     The  Protector,  purfuant  to  the  Parliament. 
 Powers  given  him,  made  feveral  Promotions  of  Knights  and 
 Lords,  in  the  Months  of   December  ilTued  out  Writs,  by 
 Advice  of   his  Council  to  divers  Lords  and  Gentlemen,    to 
 fit  as  Members  of  the  other  Houfe,  at  the  next  Seffion   of 
 Parliament,  Jan.  20.     His  Intention  was  to  have  this  Houfe 
 confidered  as  a  Houfe  of  Peers,  tho'  he  declin'd  giving  ic  that 
 \nme  till  a  more  favourable  Conjuncture.      Some  declined 
 
 K  4  the 
 
i5* 
 
 Oliver 
 
 Protector. 
 
 1657. 
 
 B-!d  Confe- 
 queuccsof 
 
 The  H  I  S  T  0  R  Y        Vol.  IV. 
 
 the  Honour,  and  chofe  to  fit  in  the  Lower  Houfe,  but  be- 
 tween Fifty  and  Sixty  appeared,  among  whom  were  feven 
 or  eight  of  the  antient  Peers,  divers  Knights  and  Gentlemen 
 of  good  Families,  and  fome  few  chief  Officers  of  the  Ar- 
 my. They  met  in  the  Houfe  of  Lords,  whether  his  High- 
 nefs  came  at  the  time  of  their  meeting,  and  according  to 
 antient  cuftom,  fent  the  Ulher  of  the  Black  Rod  to  bring 
 up  the  commons,  to  whom  he  made  a  fhort  Speech  from 
 the  Throne,  beginning  with  the  ufual  Form,  My  Lords, 
 and  you  the  Knights,  Citizens,  and  Burgeffes,  &c.and  then 
 as  our  Kings  ufed  to  do,  he  referr'd  them  to  the  Lord  Com- 
 mifiioner  Ficnnes,  who  tir'd  them  with  a  long  and  perplex- 
 ed Harangue  before  they  enter'd  upon  Bufinefs. 
 
 This  hafty  Refolution  of  the  Protector  and  his  council 
 had  like  to  have  fubverted  the  Infant  Government,  for  ma- 
 ny of  the  Protector's  befl:  Friends  being  cailed  out  of  the 
 Lower  Houfe  to  the  Upper,  the  Balance  of  power  among 
 the  Commons  was  changed;  whereas  if  he  had  deferr'd  the 
 Settling  of  the  Upper  Houfe  till  the  prefent  Parliament  had 
 been  diffolved,  they  would  have  gone  through  their  Bufinefs 
 without  interruption  ;  but  the  Lower  Houfe  was  now  in  a 
 Flanle,  fome  being  difappointed  in  their  Expectations,  and 
 others  envied  for  their  Advancement,  infomuch  that  as  foon 
 as  they  returned  to  their  Houfe,  they  call'd  for  the  third 
 Article  of  the  Humble  Advice,  which  fays  that  no  "  Mem- 
 "  bers  legally  chofen  mall  be  excluded  from  performing  their 
 "  Duty,  but  by  confent  of  the  Houfe  of  which  they  are 
 "  Members  ;"  and  then  to  ftrengthen  their  Party,  they  or- 
 dered all  thofe  who  had  been  excluded  laft  Seflions,  be- 
 caufe  they  would  not  recognize  the  new  Government  to  re- 
 turn to  their  places ;  which  was  no  fooner  done  but  they  be- 
 gan to  call  in  queftion  the  Authority  and  Jurifdi6tion  of  the 
 other  Houfe,  tho'  themfelves  had  advifed  it,  and  tho'  there 
 was  almoft  the  fame  Reafon  for  their  being  an  Upper,  as 
 for  the  others  being  a  Lower  Houfe  ;  but  thefe  Gentlemen 
 were  determined  to  ere£t.  an  abfolute  Commonwealth  on  the 
 Ruins  of  the  prefent  Family.  Many  degrading  Speeches 
 were  made  in  the  Lower  Houfe  againft.  the  Perfons  that  fat 
 in  the  Upper,  who  were  no  lefs  refolute  in  defending  their 
 Honours  and  Characters  ;  fo  that  there  was  no  profpect  of 
 an  Agreement  till  the  Protector  himfelf  appeared,  and 
 having  fent  for  them  to  Whitehall,  fpoke  with  fuch  an 
 Accent  in  Favour  of  the  Other  Houfe,  that  they  returned 
 and  acknowledged  it ;  but  then  they  went  on  to  re-examine 
 the  Validity  of  the  whole  Instrument  of  Government  as  be- 
 ing 
 
Chap.  III.         of  the  Puritans.  153 
 
 ing  made  when  many  Members  were   excluded.     Upon      OKv« 
 which  the  Protector  being  out  of  all  Patience,  went  to  the      |^% 
 Houfe  and  difTolved  them  after  they  had  fat  about  fifteen  Days.  ^_J_v_    f 
 The  Protector's  Speech  upon  this  Occafion  will  give  the  Prote£tor*e 
 Reader  the  beft  Idea  of  the  ftate  of  the  Nation,  which  was  ,supecJ;.h  af 
 
 1  •       r.  r  ,,      t    1       1  r  1  1  o       •  .the  Diflolu- 
 
 to  this  rurpofe  ;    "    1  had  comfortable  expectations  that  tionofthe 
 
 "  God  would  make  the  meeting  of  this  Parliament  a  Blef-  Parliament. 
 
 **  fing,    for  the  Improvement  of  Mercy,  Truth,  Right- RaPln» 
 
 "  eoufnefs  and  Peace.     I    was  drawn  into  this  Office  of 
 
 "  Protector  by  your  Petition  and  Advice,  there  is  not  a  Man 
 
 "  living  that  can  fay  I  fought  it,  but  after  I  was  petitioned 
 
 "  and  advifed  to  take  the  Government  upon  me  I  expected 
 
 "  that  the  fame  Men.  that  made  the  Frame  mould  make 
 
 "  it  good  to  me— — — —  I  told  you  at  a   conference,  that 
 
 "  I  would  not  accept  the  Government  unlefs  there  might 
 
 "  be  fome  Perfons  to  interpofe  between  me  and  the  Houfe 
 
 "  of  Commons,  and  it  was  granted  I  mould  name  another 
 
 "  Houfe,    which   I  did,  of  Men  of  your  own  Rank  and 
 
 "  Quality,  who  will  fhake  Hands  with  you  while  you  love 
 
 "  the  Intereft  of  England  and  Religion Again  I 
 
 "  would  not  have  accepted  the  Government  unlefs  mutual 
 "  Oaths  were  taken  to  make  good  what  was  agreed  upon 
 "  in  the  Petition  and  Advice;  and  God  knows,  I  took  the 
 "  Oath  upon  the  Condition  expreffed,  and  thought  we  had 
 "  now  been  upon  a  foundation  and  Bottom,  otherwife  we 
 "  muft  neceffarily  have  been  in  Confufion.  I  do  not  fay 
 **  what  the  meaning  of  the  Oath  was  to  you ;  that  were 
 "  to  go  againft  my  own  Principles,  but  God  will  judge  be- 
 *'  tween  us;  but  if  there  had  been  any  intention  in  you 
 "  of  a  Settlement,  you  would   have  fettled  on  this  Bafis. 
 
 "  But  there  have  been  contrivances  in  the  Army 
 f*  againft  this  Settlement  by  your  Confent.  I  fpeak  not 
 "  this  to  the  Gentlemen,  or  Lords  (pointing  to  his  right 
 "  Hand)  whatfoever  you  will  call  them,  of  the  other  Houfe, 
 "  but  to  you  ;  You  advifed  me  to  accept  of  this  Office, 
 "  and  now  you  difpute  the  thing  that  was  taken  for  grant- 
 "  ed,  and  are  in  Danger  of  running  the  Nation  back  into 
 **  more  Confufion  within  thefe  fifteen  Days  you  have  fat, 
 **  than  it  has  been  fince  the  rifing  of  the  laft  Seflion,  from 
 "  an  immoderate  Defign  of  reftoring  a  Commonwealth, 
 '*  that  fome  People  might  be  the  Men  that  might  rule  all, 
 **  and  they  are  endeavouring  to  engage  the  Army  in  the 
 "  Defign  ;  which  is  hardly  confident  with  the  Oath  you 
 *'  have  taken  to  the  prefent  Government.  Has  that  Man  been 
 **  true  to  the  Nation,  whofoever  he  is,  that  has  taken  an 
 
 Oath, 
 
1*4- 
 
 The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y       Vol.  IV. 
 
 Oliver 
 
 Protector. 
 
 1657. 
 
 He  purge* 
 the  Army. 
 
 "  Oath,  thus  to  prevaricate  ?  Thefe  things  are  not  accor- 
 "  ding  to  truth,  pretend  what  you  will,  but  tend  to  play 
 "  the  King  of  Scots  Game,  which  I  think  myfelf  bound 
 "  before  God  to  do  what  I  can  to  prevent.  There  are 
 **  preparations  of  Force  to  invade  us  ;  the  King  of  Scots 
 "  has  an  Army  at  the  Water-fide  ready  to  be  (hipped  for 
 "  England.  I  have  it  from  thofe  who  have  been  Eye-Witnef- 
 **  fes  of  it ;  and  while  this.is  doing  there  are  endeavours  of 
 "  fome  not  far  from  this  Place,  to  ftir  up  the  People  of  this 
 "  town  into  tumulting,  what  if  I  had  faid  Rebellion,  and  I 
 "  hope  to  make  it  appear  to  be  no  better,  if  God  aflift  me. 
 f4  You  have  not  only  endeavoured  to  pervert  the  Army 
 "  while  you  have  been  fitting,  but  fpme  of  you  have  been 
 H  lifling  Perfons  by  commiiTion  from  Charles  Stuart  to 
 "  join  with  any  Infurredtion  that  may  be  made,  and  what 
 "  is  like  to  be  the  end  of  this  but  Blood  and  Confufion  ! 
 *'  Now  if  this  be  the  Cafe,  I  think  it  high  Time  to  put  an 
 "  end  to  your  fitting,  and  I  do  accordingly  diffolve  this  Par- 
 "  liament ;  and  let  God  judge  between  me  and  you." 
 
 The  Protector  being  now  convinced,  that  the  disturbances 
 in  Parliament  arofe  from  the  chief  Officers  of  the  Army, 
 who  clog'd  his  Affairs  in  order  to  introduce  a  Commonwealth 
 Government,  refolved  to  clear  his  Hands  of  them  at  once; 
 Harrifon  and  Ludlow  were  laid  afide;  Fleetwood  was  re- 
 calPd  from  his  Government  in  Ireland  ;  Major  General 
 Lambert  was  ordered  to  furrender  his  CommifTion  ;  and  the 
 reft  were  obliged  to  take  an  Oath  not  to  oppofe  the  prefent 
 Government.  By  fuch  A4ethods  he  went  on  purging  the 
 Army  and  Navy ;  and  if  he  had  lived  a  little  longer  would 
 havehad  none  in  Power  but  fuch  as  were  thoroughly  attached 
 to  his  Perfon  and  Government.  It  was  obferved  after  this  that 
 all  things  fucceeded  at  home  and  abroad  according  to  his  wifh  ; 
 and  that  his  power  and  greatnefs  were  better  eftablifhed  than 
 ever,  tho'  there  were  a  few  Malecontentsthat  were  fo  hardy 
 as  to  attempt  fome  little  Diflurbances ;  but  the  Difafters  that 
 befel  the  protector's  Family  foon  after  broke  the  Firmnefsof 
 his  conftitution,  and  haftned  his  End.  — 
 
 It  was  his  Highnefs's  Ambition,  not  only  to  fet  himfelf  at 
 Andprojeas  t^e  Head  of  the  Proteftant  Intereft,  but  to  ftrengthen  the 
 the  whole  re-  whole  Body,  and  unite  the  feveral  Members,  fo  that  it 
 formed  in-  might  rival  in  greatnefs  and  power  the  Church  of  Rome  it- 
 felf.  Bifhop  Burnet  informs  us,  That  he  had  projected  a 
 Sort  of  general  council,  to  be  fet  up  in  oppofition  to  the  con- 
 gregation De  Propaganda  Fide  at  Rome  ;  it  was  to  confift 
 of    i'even   Counsellors,    and  four   Secretaties   for  different 
 
 Provinces ; 
 
 teieft 
 Burn,  p 
 
 77 
 
Chap.  III.      of  the  Puritans.  i$5 
 
 Provinces;  the  firft  was  for  France,  Switzerland,    and  the  pol,v*r- 
 Valleys  ;    the  fecond   for  the  Palatinate,  and  other  Calvi-     'jVU.01* 
 nifts ;  the  third  for  Germany,  for  the  North,  and  for  Tur-  y_  —  J—  j 
 key ;  the  fourth  for  the  Eart  and  Weft  Indies.  The  Secretaries 
 were  to  have  five  Hundred  Pounds  a  year  each,  and  to  holda 
 Correfpondence  every  where,  to  acquaint  themfelves  with 
 the  State  of  Religion  all  over  the  World,    that  fo  all  good 
 Defigns  for  the  Welfare  of  the  whole,  and  of   the  feveral 
 Parts,    might    by  their    means  be   protected  and  aflifted. 
 They  were  to  have  a  Fund   of  ten  Thoufand   Pounds  a 
 Year,  andiobe  further  fupplied  as  Occafion  mould  require. 
 Chelfea  College  was  to  be  fitted  up  for  them.  This  wasa  noble 
 Project  (fays  the  Bifhop)  and  mull  have  been  attended  with  ex- 
 traordinary effects  under  the  protection  of  a  power  which  was 
 formidable  and  terrible  to  all  Nations  to  whom  it  was  known. 
 
 About  the  Beginning  of  this  Year  Dr.  Bryan  Walton  af-  Biblia  Poly- 
 terwards  Bifhop  of  Chefter,  publifhed  the  Biblia  Polyglotta,  Slotta- 
 in  fix  Volumes  in  Folio,  wherein  the  facred  Text  is  printed 
 in  the  vulgar  Latin,  Hebrew,  Greek,  Syriack,  Chaldee, 
 Samaritan,  Arabick,  ./Ethiophick,  and  Perfick  Languages, 
 each  having  its  peculiar  Latin  Tranflation,  with  an  Appa- 
 ratus for  the  better  underftanding  thofe  Tongues.  This  la- 
 borious performance,  by  the  Affiftance  of  feveral  that  en- 
 gaged in  it,  was  compleated  in  about  four  Years,  and  was 
 reckon'd  the  moil  abfolute  Edition  of  the  Bible  that  the 
 World  had  ever  feen.  Several  learned  Perfons,  both  Puri- 
 tans and  others,  aflifted  in  correcting  the  Prefs,  and  in  col- 
 lating the  Copies.  Many  noblemen,  and  Gentlemen  of 
 Quality,  contributed  to  the  expence  of  printing  this  Work 
 without  which  it  could  not  have  feen  the  Light.  After  the 
 Reftoration  the  Doctor  prefented  King  Charles  II.  with 
 the  fix  Volumes,  which  his  Majefty  received  very  gracioufly, 
 and  rewarded  the  Author  with  the  Bifhoprick  of  Chefter. 
 
 The  learned  Dr.  Owen  made  fome  remarks  on  the  Pro- 
 legomena of  this  Work ;  but  after  an  high  Commendation 
 of  the  Performance  in  general,  complains  that  the  Author 
 had  weakened  the  certainty  of  the  facred  Text,  (i.)  By 
 main  taining  that  the  Points  or  Vowels  of  the  Hebrew  Lan- 
 guage were  of  novel  Intention.  (2.)  By  producing  a  great 
 Number  of  various  Readings  from  antient  Copies  of  little 
 Moment.  (3.)  By  his  own  critical  Remarks  and  Amend- 
 ments not  fupported  by  antient  Authorities.  The  Doctor 
 maintains  on  the  other  Hand,  the  antiquity  of  the  Hebrew 
 Points,  and  their  abfolute  Neceflity  to  fix  the  determinate 
 Senfe  of  Scripture ;    that  the  various  readings  are  of  little 
 
 Confequence, 
 
'56 
 
 Oliver 
 
 Protestor. 
 
 1657. 
 
 Proteftor 
 refigns  his 
 Chancellor  ■ 
 fi»ip. 
 
 And  ap- 
 points his 
 Son  Henry 
 Lieut,  of 
 Ireland. 
 
 The   HISTORY        Vol.  IV. 
 
 Confequence,  and  that  conjectural  Amendments  ought  not  to 
 to  be  admitted  without  the  Authority  of  antipnt  Copies.  The 
 Doctor  writes  with  great  Modefty,  but  the  validity  of  his  Argu- 
 ments mud  be  left  with  the  learned  Reader. 
 
 On  the  third  of  July  the  Protector  refign'd  his  Chancel- 
 lor (hip  of  Oxford,  and  upon  the  eighteenth  Day  of  the  fame 
 Month  his  eldell  Son  Richard  was  choten  his  Succeflor,  and 
 inftalled  at  Whitehall  on  the  twenty  ninth.  About  fix  weeks 
 after,  the  new  Chancellor  difmiffed  Dr.  Owen,  who  had 
 been  Vice-Chancellor  of  the  Univerfity  about  five  Years, 
 and  appointed  Dr.  John  Conant,  Rector  of  Exeter  College, 
 to  fucceed  him.  This  Gentleman,  fays  the  Oxford  Hi- 
 ftorian,  was  a  good  Latinift,  and  Grecian,  a  profound  The- 
 ologift,  a  learned,  pious,  and  meek  Divine,  and  an  excel- 
 lent Preacher.  He  had  been  one  of  the  Affembly  of  Divines, 
 and  was  elected  Rector  of  this  College  upon  the  Death  of 
 Dr.  Hake  well,  in  June  1 649.  In  the  latter  end  of  the  year  1 654. 
 he  became  King's  profeffor  of  Divinity  in  the  Room  of  Dr. 
 Hoyle.  He  continued  in  the  Vice-chancellorfhip  two  Years 
 with  due  commendation,  keeping  a  fevere  difcipline  in  his  Col- 
 lege, as  did  all  the  Heads  of  Colleges  in  thefe  times.  He  was 
 ejected  out  of  every  thing  in  1662.  for  Non-conformity;  but 
 fome  time  after  being  perfuadedto  comply  with  the  Eftablifh- 
 ment,  he  became  Vicar  of  allSaints  in  Northampton,  Arch- 
 deacon of  Norwich,  andPrebendary  of  Worcefter ;  which 
 places  he  held  till  his  Death,  which  did  not  happen  till  1693. 
 
 Nov.  24.  His  Hignefs  fign'd  a  Commiflion,  appointing  his 
 younger  Son  Henry  to  be  Lord  Lieutenant  of  Ireland,  with 
 a  Power  of  conferring  the  Honour  of  Knighthood.  Henry 
 was  a  wife  and  difcreet  Governor,  and  by  his  prudent  Be- 
 haviour kept  the  Irifh  in  Awe,  and  brought  the  Nation  into 
 a  flourifhing  Condition.  Upon  the  Acceffion  of  Richard  to 
 the  Protector/hip  he  advifed  him  to  abide  by  the  Parliament, 
 and  a  have  watchful  Eye  over  the  Army,  whom  he  fufpect- 
 ed  to  be  defigning  mifchief  (as  appears  by  his  Letters  now 
 before  me.)  Nay,  he  offered  to  come  over  to  his  Affiftance? 
 but  was  forbid  till  it  was  too  late.  When  Richard  was  de- 
 pofed  his  Brother  Henry  laid  down  his  Charge,  and  came 
 over  to  England,  and  lived  privately  upon  a  little  Eftate  of 
 his  own  in  Northamptonfhire  till  his  Death.  While  he  was 
 in  Ireland  he  behaved  with  fuch  a  generous  Impartiality  as 
 gained  him  the  Efteem  even  of  the  Royalifts  themfelves ; 
 and  after  his  Retirement  King  Charles  II.  did  him  once  the 
 Honour  of  a  Vifit ;  He  had  a  Son  who  was  bred  to  Arms, 
 and  died  in  the  Service  of  the  Crown  about  the  Year  17 1 1. 
 
 and 
 
Chap.  III.         of  the  Puritans. 
 
 and  left  behind  him  feveral  Sons,  who  are  yet  living  in  the 
 City  of  London,  and  are  the  only  defcendants  of  the  Protest- 
 or Cromwel,  the  Pofterity  of  Richard  being  extinct. 
 
 The  Royal  Society,  which  has  been  the  Ornament  of  the  Original  of 
 Englifh  Nation,  by  the  vaft  Improvements  it  has  made  in  the  &°y»» 
 natural  and  experimental  Philofophy,  was  formed  at  Oxford  0Cle  ** 
 in  thefe  times,  which  fome  have  reprefented  as  covered  v/ith 
 Ignorance,  Barbarifm,  and  Pedantry;  The  words  of  Bi-  p.  53.  57, 
 mop  Sprat,  their  Hiftorian,  are  thefe,  "  It  was  fome  fpace 
 *'  after  the  end  of  the  civil  War9  at  Oxford,  in  Dr.  Wil- 
 "  kins's  Lodgings,  in  Wadham  College,  which  was  then 
 •'  the  place  of  Refort  for  virtuous  and  learned  Men,  That 
 "  the  firft  meetings  were  made  which  laid  the  Foundation 
 '*  of  all  that  followed.  The  Univerfity  had,  at  that  time,  many 
 "  Members  of  its  own,  who  had  begun  a  free  wayofreafon-  , 
 fi  ing,  and  was  alfo  frequented  by  fome  Gentlemen  of  philofo- 
 "  phical  Minds,  whom  the  misfortunesof  the  Kingdom,  and 
 *'  the  Security  and  ealeofa  Retirement  among  Gownfmen 
 "  had  drawn  thither — The  principal,  and  moif  conftant  of 
 "  them  were,  Dr.  SethWard,  Mr.  Boyle,  Dr.  Vvilkins,  Sir 
 "  William  Petty,  Mr.  Matthew  Wren,  Dr.  Wallis,Dr.  God- 
 "  dard,  Dr. Willis,  Dr.  Bathuru\Dr.  Chriftopher  Wren,  ami 
 "  Mr.Rook;  befides  feveral  others  who  joined  them  on  occa- 
 **  fions. — Their  meetings  were  as  frequent  as  their  occa- 
 '*  fions  would  permit;  their  procedings  were  upon  ibmepar- 
 "  ticulartrials  in  Chymiftry  or  Mechanicks,  which  they  coin* 
 "  municated  toeach  other.  They  continued  without  an  v  great  • 
 "  Interruption  till  the  Death  of  the  Protector,  when  their 
 "  meetings  were  transferr'd  to  London."  Here  they  began  to 
 enlarge  their  Defign,  and  formed  the  Platform  of  a  Philofn- 
 phical  College,  to  enquire  into  the  worksofnature  :  Thev  let 
 up  a  Correfpondence  with  learned  Foreigners,  and  admitted 
 fuch  into  their  Numbers  without  diftinclion  of  Names  or 
 Parties  in  Religion  ;and  were  at  length  incorporated  by  royal 
 Patent,  or  charter  in  the  Year  1663. 
 
 This  Year  died  Mr  John  Langley,  the  noted  Matter  of  Death  of 
 St.  Paul's  School,  London ;  he  was  born  at  Bandbury  in  .Mvr-  Lans" 
 Oxfordshire,  about  the  Year  161 2.  he  commenc'd  M.  A. 
 and  was  Prebendary  of  Gloucefter,  where  he  kept  a  School 
 for  twenty  years.  In  the  year  1640.  he  fucceeded  Dr.  Gill, 
 chief  Mailer  of  St.  Paul's  School,  where  he  educated  many 
 who  were  afterwards  ferviceable  in  Church  and  Stale.  He 
 was  anuniverfal  Scholar,  and  excellent  Linguift,  Grammarian, 
 Hiftorian,  Cofmographer,  a  mod  judicious  Divine,  and  fo 
 great  an  Antiquarian  (fays  the  Oxford  Hiftorian)   that  his 
 
 Delight 
 
i58 
 
 Oliver 
 
 The  H  I  S  T  0  R  Y         Vol.  IV. 
 
 Of  Mr. 
 
 Sedgwick 
 
 Delight  and  Acquaintance  in  Antiquity  deferves  greater  com- 
 l6.  '  mendation  than  can  be  given  in  a  few  Lines.  He  was  efteem- 
 ed  by  learned  Men,  and  particularly  by  Mr.  Selden  ;  but  was 
 not  regarded  by  the  Clergy  becaufe  he  was  a  Puritan,  and  a 
 witnefs  againft  Archbiihop  Laud  at  his  Trial.  He  wasa  mem- 
 ber of  the  affembly  of  divines,  and  died  at  hisHoufe  next  ad- 
 joining to  St.  Paul's  School,  Sept.  13.  1657.  Dr.  Reynolds 
 preached  his  Funeral  Sermon,  and  gave  him  a  very  high  en- 
 comium. 
 
 Mr  Obadiah  Sedgwick  was  born  at  Marlborough  in  the 
 Year  1600.    and  educated  in  Magdalen  College  Oxford, 
 where  he  took  the  Degrees  in   Arts,    and  was  afterwards 
 Chaplain  to  Sir  Horatio  Vere,  with  whom  he  travell'd  into 
 the  Low  Countries.     After  his  Return  he  became   Reader 
 of  the  Sentences  1 629.  and  was  afterwards  chofen  Preach- 
 er to  the  inhabitants  of    St.  Mildred  Breadftreer,    London; 
 but  being  driven  from  thence  by  the  Severity  of  the  Gover- 
 nors of  the  Church  he  retired  to  Coggefhall  in  Effex,  where 
 he  continued  till  the  breaking  out  of    the  Civil  Wars.      In 
 1643.  he  was  chofen  a  member  of  the  aflembly  of  Divines. 
 In  1646.  he  became  Preacher  at  St.  Paul's  Covent  Garden  : 
 He  often  preached  before  the  Parliament,  and  wasefteemed 
 an  Orthodox,  as  well  as  an  admired  preacher.     In  the  year 
 1653.  he  was  appointed  one  of  the  Triers,    and  the  Year 
 after  one  of  the  commiflioners  for  ejecting  fcandalous  Mi- 
 nisters ;  but  finding  his  Health  declining  he  refigned  his  Pre- 
 ferments, and  retir'd  to  his  native  Town  of  Marlborough, 
 where  he  died  the  beginning  of  January,  1657. 
 
 Mr.  Edward  Corbet  was  born  in  Shropfhire,  and  educa- 
 ted in  Merton  College,  Oxford,  where  he  took  the  Degrees 
 in  Arts,  and  was  made  Probationer  Fellow  of   his  College. 
 In  1638  he  was  one  of  the  Proctors  of  the  Univerfity;  but 
 being  a  puritan  Divine  was  denied  the  Rectory  of  Chatham 
 by  Archbiihop  Laud,  then  in  the  Tower  ;    upon  which  an 
 Ordinance  of  Parliament  then  came  out,    May  17.   1643. 
 appointing  him  Rector  of  Chatham.      He  was  a  Member 
 of  the  Aflembly  of    Divines,    a  Witnefs  againft  the  Arch- 
 biihop athis  Trial ;  one  of  the  preachers  appointed  to  reconcile 
 the  Oxford  Scholars  to  the  Parliament ;  and  afterwards  one  of 
 the  Vifitors,  Orator,  and  Canon  of  ChriilChurch,  in  the  Room 
 of  Dr.  Hammond,  which  he  ioon  after  quitted,  and  became 
 Rector  of  Great  Hafely  in  Oxfordshire,  where  he  continued 
 Of  Mr.        to  his  Death.  He  was  a  very  confiderable  Divine,  a  valuable 
 Cranfoid.     Preacher,  and  a  Perion  of  great  Confcience  and  Honefty. 
 Wood'sAth.      ^rr>  jaraes  Cranford  was  born  in   Coventry,    and  fome 
 p.  iu.  '     time  Matter  of  the  Free-School  there  :     He  was  educa- 
 ted 
 
 Of  Mr.  Cor- 
 bet. 
 
 Wood's 
 Fafti. 
 
Chap.  III.       of  the  Puritans.  i  59 
 
 ted  in  Baliol  College,  Oxford,  where  he  took  the  Degrees      Oliver 
 in  Arts,    and  was  at  length  Redor  of   St.   Chriftopher's  le    Pr1°^* 
 Stocks,  near  the  Old  Exchange,    London.     He  was  an  ex-  u— v-— I 
 act  Linguift,  well  acquainted  with  the  Fathers  and  School- 
 men as  well  as  with  the  modern  Divines ;    a  zealous  Pref- 
 byterian,  and  a  laborious  Preacher.     Mr.  Fuller  adds,  That  Fuller's 
 he  was  a  fubtle  Difputant,    orthodox  in  Judgment,    and  a  Worthies, 
 perfon  of  great  Humility,    Charity,  and  Moderation  towards  p°°2S   * 
 all  Men.  In  the  Beginning  of  the  Civil  wars  he  was  appointed 
 Licenfer  of  the  Prefs  in  London,  which  gave  him  an  Occa- 
 fion  to  write  feveral  Epiftles  before  Books,  befides  iome  Trea- 
 tifes  that  he  publifhed  of  his  own.  He  died  April  27.  1657. 
 aged  about  Fifty  five  Years. 
 
 The  Protector's  Arms  were  no  lefs  fuccefsful  this  Sum-      l6^- 
 mer,  than  laft,  for  in  the  Month  of  June,  Marfhal  Turenne  ^"kirkde- 
 
 .  7  j  *  ji  1  ered  to  ttxc 
 
 in  conjunction  with  the  Englifh  Forces,  laid  fiege  to  Dun-  EngJi/h. 
 kirk,  then  in  Poffeflion  of  the  Spaniards,  which  brought  on 
 a  Battle  between  the  two  Armies:  The  Spanifh  Forces  con- 
 fined of  30000  Men,  but  Major  General  Morgan,  who 
 covered  the  Siege,  attacked  the  right  Wing  of  the  Spanilh 
 Army  which  came  to  relieve  it  with  6000  Englifh,  who 
 routed  the  whole  Army,  which  was  followed  with  the  Sur- 
 render of  the  Town,  [une  25.  The  French  lookM  on,  and 
 faid,  They  never  faw  a  more  glorious  Action  in  their  lives. 
 Cardinal  Mazarine  intended  to  keep  this  important  place  in 
 French  Hands,  contrary  to  the  late  treaty;  of  which  hif 
 Highnefs  being  informed,  acquainted  the  Amba0adpr  ;  but 
 his  Excellency  denying  any  fuch  intended  Breach  of  Con- 
 tract, the  Protector  pulled  out  of  his  Pocket  a  Copy  of  the 
 Cardinal's  private  Order,  and  defired  him  to  let  his  Emi- 
 nence know,  that  if  the  Keys  of  Dunkirk  were  not  deli- 
 vered to  Lockhart  within  an  Hour  after  it  was  taken,  he 
 would  come  in  Perfon,  and  demand  them  at  the  Gates  of 
 Paris ;  and  the  Cardinal  had  too  great  a  Dread  cf  the  Name 
 of  Cromwel  to  deny  any  thing  he  required.  By  this  con- 
 queft  the  Prote6tor  gained  immortal  Glory,  becaufe  it  gave 
 the  Englifh  a  Settlement  on  the  Continent,  and  made  them 
 Mailers  of  both  Sides  of  the  Channel.  How  bafely  it  was 
 fold  by  Lord  Clarendon  to  the  French  will  be  fee n  hereafter. 
 
 The  en thuliaftick  Republicans,  or  Fifth  Monarchy  Men,  p. 
 having  failed  of  their  Defign  in  Parliament,  agreed,  ro  the  p^  m«*T 
 Number  of  three  Hundred,  to  attempt  a  Revolution  of  Go-  narcfayMea. 
 vernment   by   Force,    and  having  killed  the  Protector,  toComP;Hift 
 proclaim  King  Jefus ;    but  Secretary  Thurloe,    who  never  Eachsrd, 
 fpared  coft  to  gain  Intelligence,    had  a  Spy  among  them,  p.  730. 
 
 who 
 
160  The  HISTORY         Vol.  IV. 
 
 Oliver     who  discovered  their  Intrigues,    and  feized  their  Arms  and 
 i6c8°r    Ammunition  in  Shoreditch,  with  their  Standard,  containing 
 1_  -v--*_f  a  Lion  Couchant,  alluding  to  the  Lion  of    the  Tribe  of 
 Judah,    with  this  Motto,  Who  will  Roufe  him  up.      The 
 chief  of  the  Confpirators,  as  Venner,  Gray,  Hopkins,  &c. 
 were  imprifoned  in  the  Gate-Houfe  till  the  Protector's  Death, 
 with  their  Accomplices,  Major  General  Harrifon,  Colonel 
 Rich,  Colonel  Danvers,  and  others,  after  which  they  crea- 
 ted newDifturbances,  which  haftned  their  own  Deftruction, 
 And  of  the  f°on  after  the  King's  Reftoration. 
 
 Cavalier*.         But  the  moft  formidable  Confpiracy  againft  the  Govern- 
 ment was  a  new  one  of  the  Cavaliers,  with  which  the  Pro- 
 tector acquainted  the  Lord  Mayor  and  Common  Council  of 
 the  City  in  a  Speech,  wherein  he  informed  them  that  the 
 Marquis  of    Ormond  had  been  privately  in  London  three 
 Weeks  to  promote  the  King's  Affairs,  who  lay  ready  on  the 
 coaft  with  an  Army  of  eight  thoufand  Men,    and  twenty 
 two  fhips ;  that  there  was  a  Defign  to  feize  the  Tower;  and 
 that  feveral   ill  affected   Perfons  were  endeavouring  to  put 
 themfelves  in  Arms  for  that  purpofe  ;    he  therefore  defired 
 them  to  put  the  City  into  a  pofture  of  Defence,    profefTing 
 a  more  pafllonate  Regard  for   their  Safety  than  his  own. 
 The  Citizens  returned  his  Highnefs  Thanks,    and  in  an 
 Addrefs  promifed  to  defend  his  Perfon  and  Government  with 
 their  Lives  and  Fortunes.     The  like  AddrefTes  came  from 
 feveral  of  the  Regiments  at  home,    and  from  the  Englifh 
 Army  in  Flanders.     This  was  the  plot  the  Protector  men- 
 tioned in  his  Speech  to  the  Parliament,  and   was  difcovered 
 by  one  Stapley,    whofe  Father  had  been  one  of  the  King's 
 Judges.    "Immediately  after  the  Diffolution  of   the  Parlia- 
 ment three  of  the  confpirators  were  apprehended,  and  tried 
 before  an  High  Court  of  Juftice,  according  to  the  late  Act 
 for  the  Security  of  his  Highnefs's  perfon.     Mr.  Mordaunt, 
 younger  Son  and  Brother  of  the  Earl  of  Peterborough,  was 
 acquitted  by  one   Vote ;    but  the  other  two,    Sir  Henry- 
 D.  Hewefs  Slingfby  and  Dr.   Hewet  were  condemned.     The  Doctor 
 Tru'-         was  indicted  for  holding  correfpondence  with  Charles  Stuart, 
 "  *"  ar  '      for  publishing  him  to  be  King  of   England,    Scotland,  and 
 Ireland;    and  for  fending  him  Money.     He  behaved  with 
 great  Boldnefs  towards  his  Judges,    and  kept  his  Hat  upon 
 his  Head  while  the  charge  was  reading ;  but  an  Officer  be- 
 ing fent  to  take   it  off,    he  faved  him  the  Trouble.     The 
 Doctor  then  refufed  to  plead  three  Times,    difowning  the 
 Jurifdiction  of  the  Court ;  but  tho'  they  read  the  claufe  in 
 the  late  Act,  by  which  thev  were  empowered  to  be  his  Judges, 
 
 he 
 
Chap.  III.        of  the  Puritans.  161 
 
 he  continued  mute ;  upon  which  one  of  the  Judges  fummed  ohv^r 
 up  the  Charge,  and  was  going  to  pronounce  sentence,  when  ,638. 
 he  offered  to  put  himfelf  upon  his  Trial,  but  he  was  told  it  k.^^—^J 
 was  then  too  late,  fo  judgment  was  given  againft  him  as  a  Lue  of  Bar- 
 Mute.  The  Doctor  had  prepared  a  Plea  and  Demurer  to  ^_!. 
 the  Jurifdielion  and  Proceedings  of  the  Court,  and  Excep- 
 tions to  their  Judgment,  drawn  up  in  Form  by  Counfel,  and 
 ready  to  be  engrolfed,  but  was  not  fuffer'd  to  have  them 
 argued.  However,  he  had  the  Favour  of  being  beheaded 
 on  Tower-Hill,  June  8.  1658.  being  attended  by  Dr.  Wild* 
 Dr.  Warmeilry,  and  Dr.  Barwick.  His  Funeral  Sermon 
 was  preached  the  Sunday  after  by  Mr.  Nath.  Hardy  at  St. 
 Dionis  Back  Church,  in  Lime-ftreet ;  and  foon  after,  both 
 the  Sermon,  and  the  Doctor's  intended  Defence  were  pub- 
 lished, entitled,  Beheaded  Dr.  John  Hewet's  Ghofl  crying 
 for  Juftice  ;  containing  his  legal  Plea,  Demurer,  and  Ex- 
 ceptions to  the  Jurifdiction  of  the  court,  &rc.  drawn  up  by 
 his  Counfel  Mr.  William  Prynne.  The  Doctor  was  a 
 Cambridge  Divine,  but  lived  at  Oxford,  and  in  the  Army^ 
 till  the  End  of  the  War,  when  he  came  to  London,  and 
 was  permitted  to  preach  in  the  Church  of  St.  Gregory's, 
 London,  tho'  he  was  known  to  be  a  Malignant.  After  his 
 Conviction  the  Lady  Claypole,  and  Lady  Falconbridge,  the 
 Protectors's  Daughters,  interceded  with  their  Father  for  his 
 Life  ;  but  becaufe  he  difputed  the  Authority  of  the  Court, 
 which  (truck  at  the  very  Life  of  his  Government,  the  Pro- 
 tector would  not  pardon  him.  But  he  told  Dr.  Manton, 
 one  of  his  Chaplains,  that  if  Dr.  Hewet  had  fhewn  him- 
 felf an  ingenuous  Perfon,  and  would  have  owned  what  he 
 knew  was  his  Share  in  the  defign  againft  him,  he  would 
 have  fpared  his  Life;  but  he  faid  he  would  not  be  trifled 
 with,  and  the  Dr.  was  of  fo  obftinate  a  Temper  that  he 
 was  refolved  he  mould  die  ;  and  the  Protector  convine'd 
 Dr.  Manton  before  he  parted,  that  he  knew  without  his 
 ConfeiTion  how  far  he  was  engaged  in  the  Piot.  Three 
 more  of  the  confpirators  were  executed  in  other  Parts  of 
 the  City,  but  the  reft  were  pardoned. 
 
 A  little  before   the  Protector's  Death  the   Independants  Confeffion 
 petitioned  his  Highnefs  for  Liberty  to  hold  a  Synod,  in  order  °*  Fa*!h  by. 
 to  publifh  to   the  World  an  uniform  ConfefTion    of  their  dant"  epe 
 Faith.     They  were  now  become  a  confiderable  Body,  their 
 Churches  being  encfeafed  both  in  City  and  Country,  by  the 
 Addition  of  great  Numbers  of  rich  and  fubftantial  Persons; 
 but  they  were  not   agreed   upon  any  Standard  of   Faith  or 
 Difcipline.     The  Preibyterians  in  the  affemblvof  Divines 
 
 Vol.  IV.  L  had 
 
162  The    HISTORJ  Vol  IV, 
 
 Oliver     [^j  urged  them  to  this ;  and  their  Brethren  in  new  England 
 7658.  '    hsd*  done  it  ten  years  ago ;  nor  were  the  Englifh  independ- 
 v^— y— mmJ  ants  infenfible  of  the  defect ;  for  hitherto  (fay  they)  there  have 
 Confetti        "  been  no  affociation  of  our  Churches,  no  meetings  of  our 
 Prcf.  p.  6   f(  Minifters  to  promote  the  common  Intereft ;  our  Churches' 
 *'  are  like  fo  many   Ships  launched  fingly,  and  failing  apart 
 "  and  alone  in  the  vaft  ocean  of  thefe  tumultuous  Times, 
 "  expofed  to  every   wind  of    Doctrine  ;    under  no  other 
 '*  Conduct  than  the  Word  and  Spirit,  and  their  particular 
 "  elders,    and  principal  Brethren,  without  Affociations  a- 
 '*  mong  themfelves,  or  fo  much  as  holding  out  a  common 
 "  light  to  others,    whereby  to  know  where   they  were." 
 To  remedy  this  fome  of  their  Divines,  and  principal  Bre- 
 thren in  London  met  together,   and  propofed,    that  there 
 might  be  a   correfpondence  among  their  Churches  in  City 
 and  Country  for  council  and  mutual   Edification ;    and  for 
 as  much  as  all  Sects  and  Parties  of  Chriftians  had  publifhed 
 a  confeflion  of    their  Faith,  they  apprehended  the  World 
 might  reafonably  expect  it  from  them  ;    for  thefe  Reafons 
 they  petitioned  the  Protector  for  Liberty  to  affemble  for  this 
 Purpofe.     This  was  oppofed  by  fome  of  the  Court,  as  tend- 
 ing to  eftablifh  a  Separation  between  them  and  the  Preiby- 
 terians ;  nor  was  the  Protector  himfelf  fond  of  it ;    how- 
 ever, he  gave  way  to  their  Importunity,  and,  as  Mr.  Each- 
 ard  reprefents  that  Matter,    when  he  was  moved  upon  his 
 Death-bed   to   difcountenance   their  Petition,    he    replied, 
 They  muft.  be  fatisfied,  they  muft  be  fatisfied,  or  we  ihall 
 all  run  back  into  Blood  again. 
 Their  Af-         ^ut  tne  Prote&or  did   not  live  to  fee  the  fruits  of   this 
 fembiv.        Affembly,  which  was  appointed  to  be  at  the  Savoy  October 
 Caiamy's      i2„   1 65 8.  where  Minifters  and  meffengers  from  above  one 
 Vol"  II         Hundred  Congregational  Churches  met  together,  of  which 
 p.  444.        the  majority  were  laymen  ;    the  reft  Pallors  of  Churches, 
 and  fome  younger  Divines  about  the  Court,  as  the  reverend 
 and  learned  Mr.  John  Howe,  at  that  time  Chaplain  to  the 
 young  Protector  and  others.     They  opened  their  Synod 
 with  a  Day  of  Fading  and  Prayer,  and  after  fome  Debate, 
 whether  they  mould   adopt  the  doctrinal  Articles  of    the 
 Weftminfter    Affembly    for    their    own,   with   fome    A- 
 mendments  and  Additions,    it  was  thought  more  advife- 
 able   to  draw    up  a   new  confeflion,  but  to  keep  as  near 
 as  poflible   to  the  Method  and  Order  of   the  other.     A 
 Committee  of  the  mod  eminent  Divines  was  chofen  for 
 this  VVuK  (viz.)  Dr.  Tho.  Goodwin,   Dr.   Owen;  Mr. 
 
 Phil, 
 
Chap.  III.      of  the  P  u  r  i  t  A  n  s.1  163 
 
 Phil.  Nye,  Mr.  William  Bridge  of  Yarmouth,  Mr?  Jof.  Oliver. 
 Caryl,  and  Mr.  William  Greenhill.  While  thefewere  em-prottJ 
 ployed  in  preparing,  and  putting  together  the  Articles  ^_—  J.  _j 
 of  their  Confeflion,  the  Synod  heard  Complaints,  and 
 gave  Advice  in  feveral  Cafes  which  were  brought  before  them, 
 relating  to  Difputes  or  Differences  in  their  Churches.  The 
 particular  Headsof  Doctrine  agreed  to  by  the  Committee  were 
 prefen  ed  to  the  Synod  every  Morning,  and  read  by  the  Re- 
 verend Mr.  George  Giiffith  their  Scribe.  There  were  fome 
 Speeches  and  Debates  upon  Words  and  Phrafes,  but  at  length 
 all  acquiefced,  and  the  Whole  was  foon  after  publifhed  in 
 Qua' to,  under  the  Title  of  ff  A  Declaration  of  the  Faith  and 
 •'  Order  owned  and  pra&ifed  in  the  Congregational  Churches 
 **  in  Kngland,  agreed  upon,  and  confented  unto  by  their  El- 
 "  ders  and  Meflensersin  their  Meeting  at  the  Savoy,  Odtob. 
 *£  12.  1658."  Next  Year  it  was  tranflated  into  Latin  by 
 Profeflwr  Hornbeek,  and  publifhed  at  the  End  of  his  Epiftola 
 ad  Duiaeum  de  lndependentifmo.  Some  imputed  their  Una- 
 nimity to  the  Authority  and  Influence  of  Dr.  Owen,  Mr. 
 Nye,  and  the  reft  of  the  elder  Divines  over  the  Younger;  but 
 they  themfelves  in  theii  Preface,  "  look  upon  it  as  a  great  and 
 *'  fpccial  Work  of  the  Holy  Ghoft,  that  fo  numerous  a  Com- 
 *'  panv  of  Ministers,  and  other  principal  Brethien,  fhculd  fo 
 <i  readily,  fpeedily,  and  jointly  give  up  themfelves  to  fuch  an 
 "  whole  Body  of  Tru'hs  as  is  there  collected."  They  add 
 further,  "  That  thi<=  Agreement  of  theirs  fell  out  without  their 
 *'  havingheld  any  Correfpondence  together,  or  prepared  Con- 
 '*  fultation,  by  which  they  might  be  advifed  of  one  another's 
 "  Minds."  which  I  confefs  is  very  extraordinary,  confidering 
 the  Confeflion  confifts  of  thirty  three  Chapters,  in  which  are 
 almoft  two  hundred  diftinit  articles  of  faith  an  i  difcipline  ; 
 and  that  the  whole  Timeof  the  fy  nod's  Seflions,  or  continuance, 
 was  not  above  eleven  or  twelve  Days. 
 
 The  favoy  confeflion  proceeds  upon  the  plan  of  the  Weft-  Abrtraaof 
 minifter  Aflembly,  which  made  the  work  very  eafy  j  and  in  feflio£0n* 
 moll  places  retains  their  very  words,  they  tell  the  wosd  in  heir 
 Preface,  that  they  fullyconfenttotheWeftminfter confeflion  for 
 the  fubftance  of  it,  but  have  t  ken  Liberty  to  a  Id  a  few  'hings 
 in  order  to  obviate  fome  errone  s  opinions  oar  have 
 been  more  boldly  maintained  o*  late  than  in  former  times. 
 Thev  have  likewife  v  aried  the  method  in  fome  places,  and  have 
 here  and  there  exprefied  themfelves  more  clearly,  as  thev  found 
 occaiicm.  The- have  omitted  all  thofc  C  .apt  s  in  t  e  Affrm- 
 Wy's  confeflion  which  relate  to  difcipline,  as  the  30th  and  31ft, 
 
 L  2  with 
 
1^4 
 
 Oliver 
 
 Protestor. 
 
 1658. 
 
 The   HISTORY 
 
 Vol  IV. 
 
 Of  their 
 Difcipline. 
 Independen- 
 cy of 
 Churches. 
 
 Ordination 
 ef  Paftors, 
 fcc. 
 
 Their  limi- 
 ted Juril- 
 
 «iiclion. 
 
 with  part  of  the  20th  and  24th,  relating  to  "  the  power  of 
 "  Synods,  Councils,  Church  cenfures,  Marriage  and  Di- 
 "  vorce,  and  the  power  of  the  civil  Magiffrate  in  matters  of 
 "  Religion."  thefe  (fay  they)  were  fuch  doubtful  AfTertions, 
 and  fo  unfuited  to  a  confeflion  of  Faith,  that  the  Enelifh. 
 Parliament  would  never  ratify  them,  there  being  nothing 
 that  tends  more  to  heighten  diflentions  among  Brethren, 
 than  to  place  thefe  doubtful  fpeculations  under  fo  high  a  title 
 as  a  Confeflion  of  Faith.  After  the  19th  Chapter  of 
 the  Aflembly's  Confeflion,  Of  the  Law,  the  Savoy  Di- 
 vines have  added  an  entire  Chapter,  Of  the  Gofpel,  in 
 which  what  is  dilperfed  up  and  down  in  the  AfTembly'a 
 Confeflion  is  collected,  and  put  together.  But  upon  the 
 whole,  the  difference  between  thefe  two  Confeflions,  in 
 points  of  Doctrine  is  fo  very  fmall,  that  the  modern  Inde- 
 pendants  have  in  a  manner  laid  afide  the  Ufe  of  it  in  their 
 Families,  and  agreed  with  the  Prefbyterians  in  the  Ufe  o{ 
 the  Aflembly's  Catechifm. 
 
 At  the  end  of  the  Savoy  Confeflion  there  is  a  Chapter  of 
 Difcipline, entitled, "  Of  the  Inftitution  of  Churches,  and  the 
 "  order  appointed  in  them  by  Jefus  Chriftj"  in  which  they 
 aflert, 
 
 "  That  every  particular  Society  of  vifible  profeflbrs  agree- 
 u  ing  to  walk  together  in  the  Faith  and  order  of  the  Gofpel 
 "  is  a  compleat  Church,  and  has  full  power  within  it  felf  to 
 "  ele£f,  and  ordain  all  Church  Officers,  to  exclude  all  Offen- 
 "  ders,  and  to  do  all  other  ads  relating  to  the  edification  and 
 "  well-being  of  the  Church. 
 
 "  That  the  way  of  ordaining  Officers,  that  is,  Palfors, 
 '*  Teachers,  or  Elders,  is  after  their  Election,  by  the  fuffrage 
 "  of  the  Church,  tofetthem  apart  with  Faffing  and  Prayer, 
 "  and  Impofitionof  the  Hands  of  theelderfliipof  the  Church, 
 "  tho\  if  there  be  no  Impofiticn  of  Hands,  they  are 
 "  neverthelefs  rightly  conftituted  Minifters  of  Chrift ;  but 
 4t  they  do  not  allow  that  ordination  to  the  work  of  the 
 "  Miniflry,  tho'  it  be  by  perfons  rightly  ordained,  does 
 '*  convey  any  Office-Power,  without  a  previous  Election  of 
 "   the  Church. 
 
 "  That  no  Perfons  may  adminifter  the  Sacrament  but  fuch 
 (t  as  are  ordained  and  appointed  thereunto,  nor  are  the  Paf- 
 "  tors  of  one  Church  obliged  to  adminifter  the  Sacraments  to 
 "  any  other,  than  to  the  members  of  that  Church  to  whom 
 "  they  ftand  related  in  that  Capacity.  Nor  may  any  Perfon 
 «'  be  added  to  the  Church,  as  a  private  Member,  but  by  the 
 
 confenC 
 
Chap.  III.       of  the  Puritan  s.  i6jT 
 
 confent  of  theCburch,  after  a  confeffion  of  hisFaith, declared    Oliver 
 byhimfeif,  orotherwife  maqifefred.  °io,s°.r* 
 
 "  They  difallow  the  Power  of  all  ffated  Synods,  Prefbyte-  <« — y^«j 
 ries,   Convocations,  and  Aflemblies  of  Divines  over  parti- of  Synods 
 cular  Churches,  but  admit,  that  in  cafes  of  difficulty,    ora"d  Coun' 
 difference  relating  to  D  clrine  or  order,  Churches  may  meet 
 together  bytheir  meffengers  in  Synods  or  Councils,  toconii- 
 dtr  and  give  advice,  but  without  exercifingany  Jurifdiclion. 
 "  And   laffly,    they  agree,    that   Churches  confifting  of  AndofOc- 
 perfons  found    in   the   Faith,    and  of  good  converfation,  commu- 
 ought  not  to  refufe  Communion  with  each  other,  tho'  they  nion. 
 walk    not  in  all   things  according  to  the   fame   rule   of 
 Church  Order ;    and  if  they  judge  other  Churches  to  be 
 true    Churches    tho'    lefs    pure,    they  may  receive    to 
 occafional  Communion  fuch  Members  of  thofe  Churches  as 
 are   credibly  teftified    to   be   godly,    and  to  live  without 
 offence. 
 
 "  Thefe  Opinions  (Tay  they)  may  appear  new  to  a  great 
 many  People,  becaufe  they  have  not  been  openly  and 
 publickly  profeffed  in  the  Englifh  Nation,  but  we  are  able 
 to  trace  the  footfteps  of  an  independant  Congregational 
 way,  in  the  antienteft  pra&iceof  the  Church,  and  in  the 
 writings  of  the  foundeft  Proteftant  Divines."  They  add,  Th  •  s  .• 
 That  their  Principles  do  not  in  the  lead:  interfere  with  the  ments  of 
 Authority  of  the  Civil  Magiftrate,  nor  do  they  concern  Liberty, 
 themfelves  upon  any  occafions  with  him,  any  further  than  to 
 implore  his  protection,  for  theprefervationof  the  Peace  and 
 Liberty  of  their  Churches."  They  glory  in  this,  that 
 ever  fince  they  appeared  in  the  World,  they  have  diftin- 
 ifh'd  themfelves  in  the  caufe  of  Chrifrian  Liberty.  "  We 
 have  always,  fay  they,  maintained  this  Principle,  That  a- 
 mong  ail  Chriftian  States  and  Churches  there  ought  to  be  a 
 Forbearance,  and  mutual  Indulgence  to  Chriftians  of 
 all  Perfuahons,  that  keep  to,  and  hold  faft  the  necef- 
 fary  Foundations  of  Faith  and  Holinefs.  This  Principle 
 we  have  maintained  for  the  fake  of  others,  when  we 
 our  felves  had  no  need  of  it."  They  conclude  with 
 thankfulnefs  to  their  prefent  Governors,  for  permitting  thofe 
 who  could  not  comply  with  the  prefbyterian  Eftablifhment, 
 to  enjoy  the  Liberty  of  their  Confciences,  and  equal  en- 
 couragement, and  prote&ion  with  others  ;  and  that  this  Li- 
 berty is  eftablifiied  by  a  Law,  as  long  as  they  difturb  not  the 
 publick  Peace.  This  mould  engage  us  (fay  they)  to  pro- 
 mote the  honour  and  profperity  of  fuch  a  government  5  to 
 
 L  2  be 
 
i6*6  The    HISTORY  Vol.  IV, 
 
 Oliver      be  peaceably  difpofed  one  towards  another,  and  to  love  as 
 1658.  '    Brethren,    forafmuch  as  the  Differences   between   Prefby- 
 l_—  I — ^  terians    and    Independants  are    Differences    between    Fel- 
 low-Servants,   and  that  neither  of    them  have  Authority 
 from  God  or  Man,  to  impofe   their   Opinions  upon  one  a- 
 nother. 
 Remnks  Mr.  Baxter,  otherwifea  very  peaceable  and  candid  Divine, 
 
 Lift.  p.  104,  l0fes  an  Temper  when  he  fpeaks  of  this  AfTembly  :  He  finds 
 fault  with  their  Definition  of  Juftification,   and  makes  thefe 
 remarks  ;    "  They  thought  it  not  enough  exprefly  to  contra- 
 "  di£t  St.  James,   and  to  fay  unlimitedly,  that  we  arejuftifi* 
 "  ed  by  the  Righteoufnefs  of  Chrift  only,    and  not  by  any 
 <(  works,  but  they  contradicted  St.  Paul  alfo,  who  fays,  that 
 *'  Faith    is    imputed  for  Righteoufnefs  ;  and  not  only  fo,  but 
 **  they  aflerted,    that  we  have  no  other  righteoufnefs  but  that 
 •f  of  Chrift.     A    Do&rine  abhorred   by   all   the  Reformed 
 "   and  chriftian  Churches,   and  which  (fays  he)  would  be  an 
 •?  utter  fhame  of  the  Proteftant  Name,    ir  what  fuch  men 
 "   held  and  did,   were  imputable  to  fober  Proteftants."     But 
 is  it  p  iffible  that  Mr.  Baxter   could  believe,    that  the  Savoy 
 Divines  denied  the   neceflity  of   fanclification,     or   pe  Tonal 
 Holintfs  ?    when  thev  have  a  whole  chapter  in  their  confeflion 
 upon  fanclificatU'ii,  another  upon  repentance  and  good  wotks, 
 and  a  third  upon  the  moral  Law,  which  they  declare  does  for 
 ever  bind  all  Men  to  obedience,  both  Juftified  and  Unjuftified. 
 When  Mr.  Baxter  afked  fon.e  honeft  Men  who  joined  them, 
 whether  thev  fubferibed  the  confeflion  ?    They  faid   no  ;   he 
 then  enquired,    why  thev  did  not  contradict  this?    to   which 
 they  anfwer'd,    becaufe  the  meaning  was,  that  they  had    no 
 other   Righteoufnefs   but    that  of    Chrift   to  be  juftified  by  ; 
 which  is  certainly  the  Doctrine  of  the  Weflminiftei  AfTembly. 
 What  does  Mr.   Baxter  reply  to  this  ?  why  nothing,   but  adds 
 very  uncharitably,  "  That  the  independantconfefli.ms  are  like 
 "  fuch  oaths  as  fpeak  one  thing  and  mean  another ;    fo  much 
 *'   could    two  Men,    [Dr.  Owen   and  Goodwin]  do   with 
 tf  many  honeft  tractable  young   Men,   who  had  more  Zeal 
 '*  for  feparating  ftridtnefs,  than  Judgment  to  underftand  the 
 "   word  of  God,  the  intereft  of  the  Churches  and  of  them- 
 44    feives."    And  yet  there  were  in  that  Affembly  many  Di- 
 vines of  as  great  Age  and  Learning  as  himfelf ;    their  defign 
 was  not    to  underv-lue  the  Weftmioifter  Confeflion,     but 
 rather  to  anfwer  the  defires  of  that  AfTembly,    by  publifhing 
 to  the  World  fuch  a  Declaration  of  their  faith  and   difcipline 
 as  they    had  demanded.     And  the  confeflion  was  fo  far  from 
 raifing  any  new  Ditiuons,  that  Mr.    Philip  Henry  obferves 
 
 upon 
 
Chap.  III.         of  the  Puritan  s;  \6y 
 
 upon  the  Death  of  Cromwel,  that  there  was  a  great  thange      Oliver 
 in  the   tempers  of    good    people    throughout   the    Nation,     [^^ or* 
 and  a   mighty    tendency   to  Peace  and    Unity,    as  if  they  1   —  —  ,j 
 were  by  confent  weary  of  their  long  clafhings.      However, 
 the   Independants  loft    their    beft   friend    in    the   Protector, 
 who  was  not  only   their  patron  upon  the  Principle   of  Li- 
 berty, but  a  Balance  to  the  Prefbyterian  pretences  to  Chuich 
 Power. 
 
 The  Hierarchy  of  the  Church  of  England  was  now  at  Danger  of 
 a  very  low  ebb,  and  in  danger  of  being  loft  beyond  reco-  ^eHierar* 
 very ;  for  if  the  Bifhops,  who  were  now  very  antient,  had 
 all  died  off,  before  others  were  confecrated,  the  line  of 
 fucceflion  muft  have  failed  ;  for  the  Church  of  Rome 
 was  fo  far  from  fupporting  it,  that  they  publifhed  a  treatife 
 this  year,  of  the  nature  of  the  catholick  faith,  and  of 
 Herefy  ;  in  which  they  endeavour  to  invalidate  the  Englifh 
 ordinations,  and  revived  the  ftory  of  the  Nags-Head 
 Club ;  for  the  truth  of  which  they  appealed  to  Dr.  Moreton, 
 the  antient  Bifhop  of  Durham,  who  in  a  folemn  Speech 
 made  in  full  Parliament  (fay  they)  declared  in  exprefs 
 Words,  that  our  firft  Bifhops  after  the  reformation  had 
 been  confecrated  in  a  Tavern ;  and  that  this  was  (o 
 far  from  being  doubted,  that  it  was  a  fa&  moft  notorious 
 to  all  the  world,  adding,  that  the  reft  of  the  Bifhops  prefent 
 rather  approved,  than  in  the  leaf!  oppofed  what  he  had  faid. 
 The  Bifhop,  then  in  the  ninety  fourth  year  of  his  age,  being 
 advifed  of  this  calumny,  fentfor  apublick  notary  from  Lon- 
 don, and  in  the  prefence  of  proper  witnefles,  made  a  folemn 
 proteftation  of  the  falfhood  of  this  ftory,  and  figned  it  in  due 
 form,  July  17.  1658,  he  then  fent  his  chaplain,  Dr.  Bar- 
 wick,  to  all  the  lords  fpiritual  and  temporal  then  alive,  who 
 had  (at  in  that  Parliament,  defiring,  that  if  they  believed  him 
 undefervedlv  afperfed,  they  would  atteft  it  by  fubferibing  their 
 names ;  which  was  done  by  fix  Bifhops,  and  fourteen  tem- 
 poral Lords,  and  by  the  feveral  Clerks  and  Regifters  of 
 the  Houfe.  the  Bifhop  died  foon  after,  but  his  proteftation, 
 with  the  Proofs,  was  afterwards  publifhed  by  Dr.  Bramhal, 
 Bifhop  of  Derry,  in  a  Treatife  entitled,  "  The  confecration 
 «'  and  fucceflion  of  Proteftant  Bifhops  juftified;  the  Bifhop 
 <c  of  Durefme  vindicated  ;  and  the  fable  of  the  ordination  of 
 "  the  Nags-Head  Club  clearly  confuted,"  This  awakened  the 
 Clergy  to  enter  upon  meafures  for  the  continuance  of  aSuccef- 
 fion  of  Bifhops,  tho'  they  could  not  be  regularly  chofen,  left  the 
 validity  of  the  epifcopal  Miniftry  (hould  ceafe  j  of  which  we 
 (hall  hear  more  under  the  next  Year. 
 
 L  4  Lord 
 
i6*  The   HISTORY        Vol.  IV, 
 
 Oliver  /  Lore!  Clarendon  mentions  an  Addrefs  of  the  Anabaptifts  to 
 i6?8°r'  tne  King,  who  being  difappointed  in  their  expeditions  of  a 
 t__  -v-  _j  Commonwealth,  threw  themfelves  at  his  Majefty's  feet,  of- 
 Addrefs  of  ferring  their  affiftance  to  pull  down  the  prefent  Government. 
 the  Anabap-  jn  tnejr  a(Jdrefs  they  fay,  "  they  took  up  arms  in  the  late  war 
 *>'  for  liberty  and  reformation,  but  alTure  his  majefty  that  they 
 '*  were  fo  far  from  entertaining  any  Thoughts  of  cafting  off 
 "  their  allegiance,  or  extirpating  the  Royal  Family,  that 
 *'  they  h.id  not  the  lean1  intent  to  abridge  him  of  his  juft  Pre- 
 ?'  rogatives,  but  only  the  reftraining  thofe  exceffe  s  of  Govern- 
 *:i  merit,  which  were  nothing  but  the  excrefcencies  of  a 
 *'  wanton  power,  and  were  rather  a  burden,  than  an  orna- 
 *'  ment  to  the  royal  diadem."  They  then  go  on  to  declaim 
 againft  the  protestor,  calling  him,  that  ie  Grand  Impoftor, 
 **  that  loathfome  hypocrite,  that  deteftable  traitor,  the  pro- 
 1(  digy  of  Nature,  the  Opprobrium  of  Mankind,  a  Landfkip 
 "  of  iniquity,  a  Sink  of  Sin,  a  Compendium  of  Bafenefs." 
 And  then  begging  pardon  for  their  former  offences,  they  pro- 
 roife  to  facrifice  their  lives  and  fortunes  for  his  majefty's  refto- 
 ration,  provided  his  majefty  would  be  fo  gracious,  as  to  reftore 
 the  remains  of  the  long  Parliament;  to  f  atify  the  treaty  of 
 the  I  fie  of  Wight  ;  to  eft.tblifh  liberty  of  confcience  ;  to 
 take  away  tithes,  and  provide  fome  other  maintenance  for  the 
 national  Clergy  ;  and  to  pafs  an  act  of  oblivion,  for  all  who 
 haa  been  in  anus  againft  his  Father  and  himfelf,  except  thofe 
 who  fhould  adhere  to  that  ungodly  tyrant  who  calls  himfelf 
 Protector.  His  Lordfliip  adds,  that  the  melTenger  that  brought 
 thtfe  proportions  afking  the  funi  of  two  Thoufand  Pounds' to 
 carry  on  the  project,  his  Majefty  difrh  filed  him  with  civil  ex- 
 preftions,  telling  him,  he  had  no  defigns  to  trouble  any  man 
 for  his  opinion.  However  if  there  had  been  iuch  an  addrefs 
 from  the  body  of  the  Anabaptifts,  'tis  a  little  ftrange  that  after 
 the  reftoration  it  was  not  remember'd  to  their  advantage. 
 But  his  Lordfliip  feems  to  have  had  no  great  acquaintance 
 with  thefe  men,  when  he  fays,  they  always  pretended  a  juft 
 eftcem  and  value  for  all  men  who  faithfully  adhered  to  the  King, 
 whereas  they  were  of  all  the  feels  moft  zealous  for  a  common 
 wealth,  and  were  enemies  to  the  Protestor  for  no  other  reafon, 
 but  becaufe  he  was  for  government  by  a  fingleperfbn.  In  truth, 
 this  whole  affair  feems  no  more  than  an  artifice  to  get  a  little 
 money  out  cf  the  poor  King's  purfe. 
 
 1  he  Protectors  Health  was  now  declining,  through 
 riheP/o-  his  advanced  Age,  and  exceftive  Toils  and  Fatigues.  The 
 Sicknefs.nd  reTefs  Spirits  of  the  Royalifts  and  Republicans  put  him 
 Death*         up  n  his   Guard,    infomuch  that  he  ufuallv  wore  under  his 
 
 Cloths 
 
Chap.  III.       of  the  Puritans.  169 
 
 Cloths  a  piece  of  Armour,  or  a  coat  of  Mail.    The  lofs  of     Oliver 
 his  beloved  Daughter   Claypole,    who  died   this  Summer   Pl°ge^or* 
 had  alio  a  very  fenfible  Influence  on  his  Health.     About  the  .  *   f 
 
 middle  of  Auguft  he  was  feized  with  a  flow  Fever,  which 
 turned  to  a  tertian  Ague;  but  the  Diftemper  appeared  fo 
 favourable  for  a  time,  that  he  walked  abroad  in  the  Gar- 
 dens at  Hampton  Court.  Ludlow  fays,  the  Protector  had 
 a  Humour  in  his  Leg,  which  he  defired  the  Phyficians  to 
 difperfe,  by  which  means  it  was  thrown  into  his  Blood  :  At 
 length  his  pulfe  began  to  intermit,  and  he  was  advifed  to 
 keep  his  Bed  ;  but  his  Ague  Fits  growing  ftronger,  it  was 
 thought  proper  to  remove  him  to  Whitehall,  where  he  be- 
 gan to  be  light-headed ;  upon  which  his  Phyficians  decla- 
 red his  Life  in  Danger,  and  the  Council  being  fummoned  to 
 defire  him  to  nominate  his  Succefibr,  he  appointed  his  elded 
 Son  Richard.  In  the  Intervals  of  his  Fits  he  behaved  with 
 great  Devotion  and  Piety,  but  manifefted  no  Remorfe  for 
 his  publick  Actions ;  he  declared  in  general,  that  he  defign- 
 ed  the  Good  of  the  Nation,  and  to  preferve  it  from  Anar- 
 chy and  a  new  War.  He  once  afked  Dr.  Goodwin,  who  Baxter's 
 attended  at  his  Bed-fide,  and  is  faid  to  have  expreffed  an  un-  *  p#  **' 
 becoming  Aflurance  to  Almighty  God  in  Prayer  of  his  re- 
 covery, Whether  a  Man  could  fall  from  Grace  ?  Which  the 
 Doctor  anfwering  in  the  Negative,  the  Protector  replied, 
 Then  I  am  fafe,  for  I  am  fure  I  was  once  in  a  State  of 
 Grace.  About  twelve  Hours  before  he  died  he  lay  very 
 quiet,  when  Major  Butler,  being  in  his  Chamber,  fays  he 
 heard  him  make  his  laft  Prayer  to  this  purpofe  ;  "  Lord  I 
 "  am  a  poor  foolifh  Creature  ;  this  People  would  fain  have 
 *'  me  live  ;  they  think  it  beft  for  them,  and  that  it  will  re- 
 *'  dound  much  to  thy  Glory,  ?nd  all  the  Stir  is  about  this. 
 *'  Others  would  fain  have  me  die  ;  Lord  pardon  them,  and 
 "  pardon  thy  foolifh  People,  forgive  their  Sins,  and  do  not 
 *5  forfake  them,  but  love  and  blefs,  and  give  them  Reft, 
 "  and  bring  them  to  a  Confiftency,  and  give  me  Reft,  for 
 "  Jefus  Chrift's  fake,  to  whom  with  thee,  and  thy  Holy 
 "  Spirit,  be  all  Honour  and  Glory,  now  and  for  ever. 
 "  Amen."  The  Protector  died,  Sept.  3.  1658.  about  three 
 in  the  Afternooon,  the  day  on  which  he  had  triumphed  in 
 the  Battles  of  Aiarfton-Moor,  Dunbar,  and  Worcefter, 
 when  he  had  lived  Fifty  nine  Years,  four  Months,  and  eight 
 Days  ;  four  Years  and  eight  Months  after  he  had  been  de- 
 clared Protector  by  the  Inftrument  of  Government  ;  and 
 one  year  and  three  Months  after  his  Confirmation  by  the 
 Humble  Petition  and  Advice.     As  he  had  lived  moil  Part  of 
 
 his 
 
1 70 
 
 The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y       Vol.  IV. 
 
 Oliver 
 
 Protestor, 
 
 1658. 
 
 his  Life  in  a  Storm,  his  Death  was  attended  with  one  of 
 the  greateft  Hurricanes  that  had  been  known  for  many  years. 
 Some  have  faid,  that  next  Night  after  his  Death  his  Body 
 was  wrapped  up  in  Lead  and  buried  in  Nafeby  Field ,  ac- 
 cording to  his  Defire.  Others,  more  probably,  that  it  was 
 interr'd  privately  in  a  Vault  in  King  Henry  the  Seventh's 
 Chapel,  fometime  before  the  publick  Funeral,  which  was 
 performed  Nov.  23.  with  all  imaginable  Grandeur  and 
 military  Pomp,  from  Somerfet  Houfe,  where  he  had  lain  in 
 State,  to  the  Abbey  Church  in  Weftminfter,  where  a  fine 
 Maufoleum  was  erected  for  him,  on  which  his  Effigies  was 
 placed,  and  exhibited  to  the  View  of  all  Spectators  for  a 
 time  ;  but  after  the  King's  Reftoration  his  Coffin  was  taken 
 out  of  the  Vault,  and  drawn  upon  a  Sledge  to  Tyburn, 
 where  it  was  hanged  up  till  Sunfet,  and  then  buried  under 
 the  Gallows. 
 
 Thus  died  the  Mighty  Oliver  Cromwel,  the  greateft 
 WsCharact-  Soldier  and  Statefman  of  his  Age,  after  he  had  undergone 
 •r«  exceflive  Fatigues  and  Labours  in  a  long  Courfe  of  warlike 
 
 Actions,  and  efcaped  innumerable  Dangers  from  the  Plots 
 and  Confpiracies  of  domeftick  Enemies.  Few  Hiftorians 
 have  fpoken  of  him  with  Temper,  tho'  no  other  Genius, 
 it  may  be,  could  have  held  the  Reins,  or  fleered  the  Com- 
 monwealth, through  fomany  tempeftuous  Storms  and  Hur- 
 ricanes, as  the  Factions  of  thefe  times  had  raifed  in  the 
 Nation.  He  was  born  in  Huntingtonlhire,  April  25.  1599. 
 and  defcended  of  the  Family  of  Williams,  of  Glamorgan 
 in  Wales,  which  alTumed  the  Name  of  Cromwel  by  mar- 
 rying with  a  Daughter  of  Cromwel,  Earl  of  ElTex,  in  the 
 Reign  of  King  Henry  VIII.  He  was  educated  in  Cambridge, 
 and  from  thence  became  a  Student  of  Lincoln's  Inn,  being 
 a  wild  and  extravagant  Youth  till  about  the  thirty  fifth  year 
 of  his  Age,  when  he  quitted  his  irregular  Life,  and  became 
 remarkably  fober.  In  the  year  1 640,  he  was  chofen  Mem- 
 ber of  Parliament  for  the  Town  of  Cambridge,  and  fat 
 two  years  undiftinguifhed  in  the  Houfe,  as  a  meer  Country 
 Gentleman,  appearing  (fays  Sir  Philip  Warwick)  in  a  plain 
 Cloth  Suit  of  Clothes  made  by  a  country  Taylor,  his  Linen 
 not  very  clean,  his  Band  unfafhionable,  his  Hat  without 
 an  Hatband,  and  his  Sword  clofe  by  his  Side ;  his  Coun- 
 tenance was  fwoln  and  reddifh,  his  Voice  hoarfe  and  untuna- 
 ble,  but  his  Elocution  was  full  of  Fervour  and  Warmth,  and 
 he  was  well  heard  in  the  Houfe.  His  perfon  fomewhat  ex- 
 ceeded the  middle  Stature,  but  was  well  proportioned,  and  of 
 a  becoming  Fatnefs.    He  had  a  mafculine  countenance,  a 
 
 fparkling 
 
Chap.  III.       of  the  Puritans.  171 
 
 fparkling  Eye,  a  manly  ftern  Look,  a  ftrong  Conftitution,      Oliver 
 and  was  an  Enemy  to  eafe  and  excefs ;    the  Motto  upon  his       ^6e  g°r" 
 Coat  of  Arms  was,  Pax  quaeritur  Bello.  u— v-* 
 
 Upon  the  Breaking  out  of  the  Civil  War  he  took  Arms  AsaSoidie 
 for  the  Parliament,  and  tho'  he  was  forty  three  years  of  age  yfer'0nfgt*n 
 before  he  drew  a  Sword,  he  foon  became  Colonel  of  a  Re-  Cromwell, 
 giment  of  chofen  men,  who  declared  they  fought  not  for  p.  243* 
 Gain,  but  for  the  caufe  of  Religion  and  Liberty.     He  al-  Memoire 
 ways  went  to  Prayer  before  Battle,    and  returned  folemn  p,  I04. 
 Thanks  for  his  Succefs  afterwards.     He  took  great  Care  to 
 promote  an  exacl:  Difcipline  in  the   Army,    and  would  not 
 have  pardoned  his  own  Brother  (fays  my  Author)  if  he  had 
 found  him  plundering  the  Country  People.     The  Army  had 
 not  an  Officer  that  faced  Danger  with  greater  Intrepidity,        • 
 nor  that  more  eagerly  fought  Occafions   to  diftinguiih  his 
 perfonal  Valour.     He  had  a  great  prefence  of  Mind  in  the 
 Heat  of  Adion,  and  taught  his  Soldiers  to  fight  in  a  more 
 defperate  Manner  than  ufual,  not  allowing  them  to  difcharge 
 their  Mufquets  till  they  were  fo  near  the  Enemy  as  to  be 
 fure  of  doing  Execution.     His  reputation  rofe  fo  faff  that  he 
 quickly  became  Major  General,  then  Lieutenant  General 
 under  Fairfax,  and  at  la  it  his   SuccefTor.     His  Troops  be- 
 lieved themfelves  invincible  under  his  Conduct ;  he  never  loft 
 a  Battle  where  he  had  the  chief  Command.     The  Victory 
 at  Marfton  Moor  was  chiefly  afcribed  to  his  Valour.     The 
 Reduction  of  Ireland  in  lefs  than  a  year  made  him  the  terror 
 of  his  Enemies ;  and  the  Battles  of  Dunbar  and  Worcefter 
 compleated  his  martial  Glory. 
 
 How  far  his  ufurping  the  Protectorihip  of    the  three  Na-  As  aS'a 
 tions,  without  the  previous  confent  of  Parliament,  was  ne-  Man. 
 cefTary,   or  criminal,    has  been  confider'd  already  ;    but  if 
 we  view  him  as  as  Statefman,    he  was  an  able  Politician,  a 
 bold  and  refolute  Governor  ;  and  tho'    he  had  more  nume- 
 rous and  powerful  Enemies  than  any  Man  of  the  Age,  he 
 was  never  intimidated,    but  had  a  peculiar  Art  of   keeping 
 men  quiet,  and  giving  them  by  turns  hopes  of  his  Favour. 
 He  had  a  wonderful  Knowledge  of  Mankind,  and  an  inimi- 
 table Art  of   diving  into  their  very  Hearts.     If  there  was  a 
 Man  in  England  that  excell'd  in  any  Faculty  or  Science,  he 
 would  find  him  out,  and  reward  him  according  to  his  Merit. 
 In  nothing  was  his  good  understanding  better  difcovered 
 (fays  Bithop  Burnet)   than  in  feeking   out  able  and  worthy 
 men  for  all  employments,  which  gave  a  general  Satisfaction. 
 By  thefe  Methods,  in  the  Space  of  four  or  five  years,   he 
 earned  the  Reputation  and  Glory  of  the  Englifh  Nation  as 
 
 high 
 
Oliver 
 
 Prote&or. 
 
 1658. 
 
 The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y 
 
 Vol.  IW 
 
 His  publick 
 Character. 
 
 Bb  Reli- 
 
 £  .'.111. 
 
 And  moral 
 Chs.  -atrer 
 CarrLngton, 
 p.  248. 
 
 high  as  it  was  capable  of  being  raifed.  He  wjs"  equally 
 dreaded  by  France,  Spain,  and  the  United  Provinces,  who 
 condefcended  to  fervile  Compliances  to  obtain  his  Friend- 
 fhip ;  Charles  Guftavus,  King  of  Sweden,  thought  him- 
 felf  honoured  by  his  Alliance;  and  Cardinal  Mazarine  faid, 
 That  nothing  butthe  King  of  France'shaving the  Small  Pox 
 could  have  hindred  him  from  coming  over  to  England,  that 
 he  might  have  the  Honour  of  waiting  on  one  of  the  greateft 
 men  that  ever  was. 
 
 The  Protector  had  an  abfolute  command  of  his  Paffions, 
 and  knew  how  to  behave  in  character  upon  all  Occafions  j 
 tho'  in  private  Life  he  would  be  jocofe  and  merry  with  his 
 Inferiors  ;  yet  no  Prince  kept  greater  ftate  upon  publick 
 Occafions.  His  Ambafiadors  in  foreign  Courts  had  all  the 
 Refpe&s  paid  them  that  our  Kings  ever  had.  All  Europe 
 trembled  at  his  very  Name !  And  tho'  he  could  converfe 
 with  no  Foreigners  but  in  broken  Latin,  yet  no  man  had 
 better  Intelligence  in  all  foreign  Courts,  nor  understood  the 
 interefts  of  the  feveral  Princes  better  than  himfelf.  He 
 had  Spies  in  the  Courts  of  Spain  and  France,  and  was  fo 
 happy  as  to  fix  upon  perfons  who  never  failed  him.  Mr. 
 Algernoon  Sydney,  who  was  not  inclined  to  think  or  fpeak 
 weil  of  Kings,  commended  him  to  Bifhop  Burnet,  asone 
 that  had  juft  Notions  of  publick  Liberty  ;  and  tho'  he  made 
 foine  fevere  and  cruel  Laws  againft  the  Epiicopal  Clergy,  it 
 was  not  for  their  Religion,  but  becaufe  they  were  open  and 
 declared  Enemies  to  his  Perfon  and  Government. 
 
 The  Protector  was  a  Proteftant,  but  affected  to  go  under 
 no  Denomination  or  Party  :  He  had  chaplains  of  all  Perfua- 
 fions  ;  and  tho'  he  was  by  Principle  an  Independant,  he 
 look'd  upon  all  reformed  Churches  as  part  of  the  catholick 
 Church  ;  and  without  aiming  to  eftablifh  any  Thing  by 
 Force  or  Violence,  he  witnefTed,  on  all  Occafions,  an 
 extream  Zeal  for  the  Protectant  Religion,  and  a  juft  Re- 
 gard for  Liberty  of  confeience. 
 
 As  to  his  moral  character,  his  greateft  Enemies  have  not 
 charged  him  with  any  publick  Vices.  Dr.  Welwood  ad- 
 mits, that  he  was  not  addicted  to  Swearing,  Gluttony, 
 Drunkennefs,  Gaming,  Avarice,  or  the  Love  of  Women, 
 but  kept  clofe  to  his  Marriage  Bed.  Nor  is  he  chargeable 
 with  Covetoufnefs,  for  it  has  been  computed  (fays  the 
 Writer  of  his  Life)  that  he  distributed  forty  thoufand  Pounds 
 a  year  out  of  his  Privy  Purfe  to  charitable  Ufes.  He  pro- 
 moted virtuous  Men,  and  was  inflexible  in  his  Punifhment 
 of  ill  Actions.    His  Court  was  regulated  according  to  a  molt 
 
 ftrid 
 
( 
 
 Chap.  III.        of  the  Puritans.  173 
 
 ftrict  Difcipline  (fays  Mr.  Eachard)    where  every  Vice  was     Oliver 
 banifhed  or  feverely  punifhed.    He  maintained  a  conftant  Pr°ge(^or 
 Appearance  of    Piety,    and  was  regular  in  his  private  and  ^_  _  '-*_§ 
 publick  Devotions :    He  retired  conftantly  every  Day  to  read 
 the  Scriptures  and  Prayer  ;  andfome  who  watched  him  nar- 
 rowly have  reported,  that  after  he  had  read  and  expounded 
 a  Chapter,  he  proftrated  himfelf  with  his  Face  to  the  Ground, 
 and  with  Tears  he  poured  out  his  Soul  to  God  for  a  Quarter 
 of   an  Hour.      He  was  a  ftrict  obferver  of  the  Sabbath, 
 and  an  encourager  of  Goodnefs  and  Aufterity  of  Life.    Mr. 
 Baxter  admits,  that '.'  he  kept  as  much  Honefty  and  God- 
 il  linefs  as  his  Caufe  and  Intereft  would  allow  ;   that  he  had 
 "  a  Zeal  for  Religion,    meant   honeftly  in  the  main,  and 
 "  was  pious  in  the  main  courfe  of  his  Life,  till  Profperity 
 11  corrupted  him." 
 
 But  with  all  thefe  good  Qualities  'tis  certain,  the  Protect-  Hi»  Enthn- 
 or  was  a  ftrong  Enthufiaft,  and  did  not  take  up  his  Religion  ria(*m' 
 upon  rational  or  folid  Principles,  which  led  him  into  fundry 
 miftakes,  not  justifiable  by  reafon  or  Scripture.  One  of 
 his  principles  was  called  a  Particular  Faith  ;  that  is,  if  any 
 Thing  was  ftrongly  impreffed  upon  his  mind  in  Prayer,  he 
 apprehended  it  came  immediately  from  God,  and  was  a 
 Rule  of  Action ;  but  if  there  were  no  Impreflions,  but  a 
 Flatnefs  in  his  Devotions,  it  was  a  denial.  Upon  this  Max- 
 im he  is  faid  to  fufFer  the  late  King  to  be  put  to  Death  in  an 
 arbitrary  and  illegal  Manner.  Another  Maxim  was,  that 
 M  in  extraordinary  cafes  fomething  extraordinary,  or  be- 
 "  yond  the  common  Rules  of  Juftice,  may  be  done ;  that 
 "  the  moral  Laws,  which  are  binding  in  ordinary  Cafes, 
 "  may  then  be  difpenfed  with ;  and  that  Private  Juftice 
 "  muft  give  way  to  Publick  Necefllty.  Which  was  the 
 Protector's  governing  Principle  in  all  his  unwarrantable 
 ftretches  of  Power.  A  third  principle  by  which  the  Pro- 
 testor was  mifled,  was,  his  determining  the  Goodnefs  of  a 
 Caufe  by  the  Succefs.  An  appeal  to  the  fword  was  with 
 him  an  appeal  to  God  ;  and  as  victory  inclined,  God  owned 
 
 or  difcountenanced   the  caufe 'Tis  impoflible  that   a 
 
 Man's  conduct  could  be  uniform  or  rational  that  was  direct- 
 ed by  fuch  imaginary  Principles. 
 
 It  has  been  further  objected  to  the  Protector's  character,  Otgefttont 
 that  he  was  notoriously  guilty  of  "  Hyprocrify  and  Diflimu-  Sdertd? 
 "  lation  both  to  God  and  Man ;    that  he  mocked  God  by  Diffimula-* 
 "  the  pretence  of  Piety  and  Devotion,    and  by  long  Pray-  tion* 
 "  ers  full  of  hyprocritical  Zeal."     But  who  can  penetrate 
 into  the  Heart,    to  fee  whether  the  outward  actions  flow 
 
 from 
 
174  The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y        Vol.  IV. 
 
 Pr^tea"      ^™m  an  'nward  principle  ?     With  regard  to  men  'tis  cer- 
 1658*!       ta'n  tne  Protector  knew  how  to  addrefs  their  Paflions,  and 
 
 1__  -w-  _J  talk  to  them  in  their  own  way ;  and  if  in  his  Devotions  he 
 utter'd  with  his  Mouth  what  his  Heart  never  meant,  no 
 one  can  vindicate  him  :  But  men  are  not  flightly  to  be 
 arraign'd  (fays  Rapin)  for  the  inward  motions  of  their  Heart, 
 
 which  pafs  all  human  Knowledge Befides,  'tis  not  eafy 
 
 to  conceive  the  watchful  Eyes  that  were  upon  him,  and  the 
 vaft  Difficulties  he  had  to  contend  with.  Queen  Elizabeth's 
 Diflimulation  has  been  extolled  for  the  very  fame  Reafon 
 that  the  Protector's  is  condemned  :  If  therefore  fuch  a  con- 
 duct was  neceffary  to  govern  the  feveral  Parties,  there  is 
 nothing  greatly  Blame-worthy  in  it  (fays  the  fame  Author) 
 unlefs  it  was  a  Crime  in  him  not  to  put  it  into  the  power  of 
 his  Enemies  to  deftroy  him  with  the  greater  eafe. 
 
 Ambition.  Ambition,  and  Thirft  of  Glory,  might  fometimes  lead 
 the  Protector  afide,  for  he  imagined  himfelf  to  be  a  fecond 
 Phineas,  raifed  up  by  Providence  to  be  the  Scourge  of  Ido- 
 latry and  Superflition,  and  in  climbing  up  to  the  Pinnacle  of 
 fupreme  power  did  not  always  keep  within  the  Bounds  of 
 Law  and  Equity:  To  this  fome  have  afcribed  his  affuming 
 the  Protectorfhip,  and  putting  himfelf  at  the  Head  of  the 
 three  Kingdoms ;  tho'  others  are  of  Opinion,  it  was  ow- 
 ing to  hard  Neceffity  and  Self-prefervation.  I  will  not  ven- 
 ture to  decide  in  this  Cafe ;  for  poffibly  there  might  be  a 
 Mixture  of  both.  When  he  was  in  poffeflion  of  the  fove- 
 reign  power,  no  Man  ever  ufed  it  to  greater  publick  Advan- 
 tage, for  he  had  a  due  Veneration  for  the  laws  of  his  coun- 
 try in  all  Things  wherein  the  Life  of  his  Jurrifdiction  was 
 not  concerned  :  And  tho'  he  kept  a  {landing  Army,  they 
 were  under  an  exact  difcipline,  and  very  little  Burden  to  the 
 People, 
 rueity.  -p^e  Charge  of  Cruelty,    which  is  brought  againfi  him, 
 
 for  having  put  fome  Men  to  death  for  confpiring  againft  his 
 perfon  and  Government,  deferves  no  Confutation,  unlefs 
 they  wouldhave  had  him  fit  ftill  till  fome  Confpiracy  or  other 
 had  fucceeded.  Cruelty  was  not  in  his  Nature ;  he  wa» 
 not  for  unnecefTary  effufion  of  Blood.  Lord  Clarendon  affures 
 us,  that  when  a  general  Maffacre  of  the  Royalifts  was  pro- 
 pofed  by  the  Officers  in  Council,  he  warmly  oppofed  and 
 prevented  it. 
 
 Dr.  Welwood  compares  the  Protector  to  an  unufual  Me- 
 teor, which  with  its  furprizing  Influences  over-awed  not 
 only  three  Kingdoms,    but  the  mod  powerful  Princes  and 
 
 State* 
 
Chap.  III.  of  the  Puritans.  175 
 
 States  aboat  us.  A  great  man  he  was  (fays  he)  and  pofterity      Oliver 
 might  have  paid  a  juft  homage  to  his  memory,  if  he  had  not       'g^01"* 
 embrued  his  hands  in  the  blood  of  his  prince,  and  trampled  ._  _   *  ^ 
 upon  the  liberties  of  his  Country. 
 
 Upon  the  whole,  it  is  not  to  be  wonder'd,  that  the  Cha-  Sum  of  hi» 
 rafter  of  this  great  man  has  been  tranfmitted  down  to  pofte-  ara"«r 
 rity  with  fome  difadvantage,  by  the  feveral  factions  of  Roy- 
 alifts,  Prefbyterians,  and  Republicans,  becaufe  each  were 
 difappointed,  and  enraged  to  fee  the  fupreme  power  wrefled 
 from  them  ;  but  his  management  is  a  convincing  proof  of 
 his  great  abilities  :  He  was  at  the  Helm  in  the  moft  ftormy 
 and  tempeftuous  feafon  that  England  ever  faw ;  but  by  his 
 confummate  Wifdom  and  Valour  he  difconcerted  the  mea- 
 fures  and  defigns  of  his  Enemies,  and  preferved  both  him- 
 felf  and  the  Common-wealth  from  fhipwreck.  I  fhall  only 
 obferve  further,  with  Rapin,  that  the  Confufions  that  pre- 
 vailed in  England  after  the  death  of  Cromwel,  clearly  evi- 
 denced the  Neceffity  of  this  Ufurpation,  at  leaft  till  the 
 constitution  could  be  reftored.  After  his  Death  his  great 
 Atchievements  were  celebrated  in  verfe  by  the  greateft 
 Wits  of  the  Age,  as  Dr.  Sprat  afterwards  Bifhop  of  Ro- 
 chefter,  Waller,  Dryden,  and  others,  who  in  their  Pane- 
 gyricks  outdid  every  thing,  which  till  that  time  had  been  feen 
 in  the  Englifh  Language. 
 
 Four  Divines  of  the  Affembly  died  this  Year :  Dr.  John  Death  of  Dr. 
 Harris,  Son  of  Richard  Harris  of  Buckinghamfhire,  born  John  Harn*' 
 in  the  Parfonage  Houfe  of  Hardwick  in  the  fame  County, 
 educated  in  Wickham  School,  near  Winchefter,  and  in  the 
 year  1606.  admitted  perpetual  Fellow  of  new  College.  He 
 was  fo  admirable  a  Grecian,  and  eloquent  a  Preacher,  that 
 Sir  Henry  Saville  called  him  a  fecond  St.  Chryfoftom.  In 
 1619.  he  was  chofen  Greek  ProfefTor  of  the  Univerfity.  He 
 was  afterwards  Prebendary  of  Winchefter,  Rector  of 
 Meonftoke  in  Hampfhire,  and  in  the  year  1630.  Warden 
 of  Wickham  College,  near  Winchefter ;  in  all  which  places 
 he  behaved  with  great  reputation.  In  the  beginningof  the  civil 
 Wars  he  took  part  with  the  Parliament,  was  chofen  one  of 
 the  Affembly  of  Divines,  took  the  Covenant,  and  other 
 Oaths,  and  kept  his  Wardenfhip  to  his  Death  ;  he  publifhed 
 feveral  learned  works  ;  and  died  at  Winchefter,  Auguft  if. 
 1658.    aged  feventy  years. 
 
 Mr.  Sydrach  Sympfon,  a  meek  and  quiet  Divine,  of  the  Q.M    _ 
 Independant   perfuafion,    was  educated  in  Cambridge,  but  darchSymp- 
 forced   to  fly  his  Country  for  Non- Conformity  in  the  times  f°n. 
 of  Archbifhop  Laud,     He  was  one  of  the  diflenting  Breth- 
 ren 
 
176  The  H I  S  T  O  R  Y        Vol.  IV. 
 
 Oliver      ren  in  the  afTembly,  and  behaved  with  great  temper  and  mo- 
 6-l°r'     deration.      Bifhop  Kennet  fays,    he  was  filenced  for  fome 
 ^_  -3  -,,  f  time  from  Preaching,  becaufe  he  differed  in  Judgment  from 
 the  Affembly  in  points  of  Church  difcipline,  but  was  refto- 
 red  to  his  Liberty,  October  28.   1646.     He  afterwards  ga- 
 thered a  Congregation  in  London,  after  the  manner  of  the 
 Independants,    which  met  in   Ab-Church,    near   Cannon 
 Street.  Upon  the  refignation  of  Mr.  Vines  in  the  year  1650. 
 for  refufing  the  Engagement,  he  was  by  the  vifitors  made 
 matter  of  Pembroke  Hall,  Cambridge.     He  was  a  Divine 
 of  confiderable  Learning,  and  of  great  piety  and  devotion. 
 In  his  laft  Sicknefs  he  was  under  fome  Darknefs,  and  melan- 
 choly apprehenfions ;    upon   which   account  fome  of   his 
 Friends  and  Brethren  affembled  in  his  own  Houfe,  to  aflift 
 him  with  their  Prayers ;  and  in  the  evening,  when  they  took 
 their  Leave,  he  thanked  them,  and  faid,  He  was  now  fatis- 
 fied  in  his  Soul ;  and  lifting  up  his  Hands  towards  Heaven, 
 faid,  He  is  come,  He  is  come.     And  that  Night  he  died. 
 Of  Dr.  Rob.      Dr.  Robert  Harris  was  Born  at  Broad  Campden  in  Glou-* 
 Ham's.         cefterfhire,   1578.  and  educated  in  Magdalen  College Oxon. 
 he  preached  for  fome  time  about  Oxford,  and  fettled  afterwards 
 at  Hanwel,  in  the  place  of    famous  Mr.  Dod,  then  fufpend- 
 ed  for  Non-  Conformity ;  here  he  continued  till  the  Break- 
 ing out  of  the  civil  Wars,  when  by  the  King's  Soldiers  he 
 was  driven  to  London.     He  was  appointed   one  of   the  Af- 
 '    fembly  of  Divines,    and  Minifter  of   St.  Botolph,  Bifhops- 
 gate.     In  the  year  1646.      he  was  one  of  the  fix  Preachers 
 to  the  Univerfity  at  Oxford,    and   next  year  one  of  their 
 Vifitors,  when  he  was  created  D.  D.  and  made  Prefident  of 
 Trinity  College,   and  Re£k>r  of  Garlington  near  Oxford, 
 which  is  always  annexed  to  it.     Here  he  continued  till  hi3 
 Death,  governing  his  College  with  a  paternal  Affection,  be- 
 ing reverenced  by  the  Students  as  a  Father.     The  Inscrip- 
 tion over  his  Grave  gives  him  a  great  Character  ;    but  the 
 Royalifts  charge  him,  and  I  believe  juftly,  with  being  a  no- 
 torious Pluralift.     He  died  Decemer  ft.  1658.  in  the  eighti- 
 eth year  of  his  Age. 
 of  Mr.  Mr.  William  Carter  was  educated  in  Cambridge,   and 
 
 William  afterwards  a  very  popular  Preacher  in  London.  He  was  a 
 good  Scholar,  of  great  Serioufnefs,  and  tho'  but  a  young 
 Man,  appointed  one  of  the  Affembly  of  Divines.  After 
 fome  time  he  joined  the  Independants,  and  became  one  of 
 the  Diffenting  Brethren  in  the  Affembly.  He  had  Offers 
 of  many  Livings  but  refufed  them,  being  diffatisfied  with 
 the  Parochial  Difcipline  of   thofe  Times ;    neverthelefs  he 
 
 was 
 
 Cart 
 
Chap.  IV.         of  the  Puritans. 
 
 was  indefatigable  in  his  Miniftry,  preaching  twice  every 
 Lord's  Day  to  two  large  congregations  in  the  city,  befides 
 Lectures  on  the  week  Days ;  This  wafted  his  Strength,  and 
 put  an  End  to  his  Life  about  Midfummer,  1658.  in  the 
 Fifty  third  Year  of  his  Age.  His  Family  were  afterwards 
 great  Sufferers  by  the  purchafe  of  Bifhops  Lands. 
 
 177 
 
 CHAP.     IV. 
 
 The  Inter-Regnum  from  the  Death  of  Oliver  Crom- 
 w  e  l  to  the  Reftoration  of  King  Charles  II.  and 
 the  Re-Eftablifhment  of  the  Church  of  England. 
 
 UP  O  N  the  Death  of  the  Protector  all  the  difcontented      Int"r- 
 Spirits  that  had  been  fubdued  by  his  Adminiftration  re-       ^Tg™' 
 fumed  their  courage,    and  within  the  Compafs  of  one  year  *---v-^- 
 reviv'd  all   the  confufions  of    the  laft  Ten.    Richard    Richard 
 Cromwe  l  being  proclaimed  Protector  upon  his  Father's   Proteftor» 
 Deceafe,    received   numberlefs  Addreffes   from    all  Parts, 
 congratulating  his  Acceffion    to  the  dignity  of    Protector, 
 with  Affurances   of  Lives  and  Fortunes  chearfully  devoted 
 to  fupport  his  Title.  He  was  a  young  Gentleman  of  a  calm 
 and  peaceable  Temper,  but  had  by  no  means  the  capacity 
 or  courage  of   his  Father,    and  was  therefore  unfit  to  be  at 
 the  Helm  in  fuch  boifterous  Times.     He  was  highly  carefs'd 
 by  the  Prefbyterians,  tho'  he  fet  out  upon  the  principles  of 
 a  general  Toleration,  as  appears  by  his  Declaration  of  Nov. 
 25.  entitled,     "  A  Proclamation  for  the  better  Encoura- 
 ■'  ging  of  godly  Minifters  and  others ;"    and  for  their  en- 
 joying their  Dues  and  Liberties  according  to  Law,  without 
 being  molefted  with  Indictments  for  not  ufing  the  Common- 
 prayer  Book. 
 
 The  young  Protector  fummoned  a  Parliament  to  meet  on 
 the  27  th  of  Jan.  (658-9.  The  Elections  were  not  accor-  _ 
 ding  to  the  Method  pra&ifed  by  his  Father,  but  according  ment 
 to  the  old  Conftitution,  becaufe  it  was  apprehended  that  the 
 fmaller  Boroughs  might  be  more  eafily  influenced,  than 
 Cities  and  Counties  ;  but  it  was  ill  judged  to  break  in  upon 
 the  Inftrument  of  Government,  by  which  he  held  his  Pro- 
 teclorfhip.  The  Parliament  met  according  to  appointment 
 but  did  little  Bufinefs,  the  Lower  Houfe  not  being  willing 
 to  own  the  Upper.     The  Army  was  divided  into  two  grand 
 
 Vol.  IV.  M  Faaions; 
 
 Summonfe* 
 a  Parlia- 
 
i7S 
 
 The    HISTORY  Vol.  IV. 
 
 Inter-      Factions ;  the  Wallingford  Houfe  Party,  which  was   for  a 
 Regnum.    Commonwealth;    and    the  Prelbyterian,  which  with    the 
 y^Jl^j  Majority  of   the  Parliament,  was  for  the  Protector.       The 
 Wallingford  Wallingford  Houfe  party,    of  which  Fleetwood  and  Def- 
 Houie  Party  borough  were  the  Head,  invited  Dr.  Owen  and  Dr.  Man- 
 ton  to  their  confutations.    Dr.  Owen  went  to  Prayer  before 
 they  enter'tl  on  Bufinefs,  but  Dr.  Manton  being  late  before 
 he  came,    heard  a    loud   Voice  from   within,    faying,    He 
 mutt  down,  and  He  mall  down.     Manton  knew  the  Voice 
 to  be  Dr.  Owen's,  and  underftood  him  to  mean  the  depo- 
 fing  of  Richard,  and   therefore   would  not  go  in.     But  the 
 Writer  ot  Dr.  Owen's  Life  difcredits  this  Story;    tho',  in 
 my  Opinion,  'tis  very  probable,  for  the  Doctor  inclined  to 
 a  Commonwealth  Government ;  He  fided  with  the   Army, 
 and   drew  up  their   Addrefs  againif.  Oliver's  being  King  ; 
 upon  which  he  declined  in   the  Protector's  Favour,    and  as 
 foon  as  Richard  became  Chancellor  of   Oxford  he  turn'd 
 him  out  of  the  Vice-Chancellorfliip.     The  Cabinet  Court- 
 ed at  Wallingford  Houfe  having  gained  over  feveral  to  their 
 party,  prevailed  with  Richard  toconfent  to  their  erecting  a 
 General  Council  of  Officers,  though  he  could  not  but  know 
 they  defigned  his  Ruin,  being  all  Republicans;  and  there- 
 fore, inflead  of  fupporting  the  Protector,  they  prefented  a 
 Remonffrance,  complaining  of  the  Advancement  of  diffaf- 
 fected  perfons,  and  that  the  good  old  Caufe  was  ridicul'd. 
 Richard,  fenfible  of  his   fatal  Miftake,    by  the  Advice  of 
 Lord  Broghill,  diffolved  the  Council,  and  then  the    Parlia- 
 ment voted  they  mould  meet  no  mere;  but  the  Officers  bid 
 him  defiance,  and  like  a  Company  of   fovereign  Dictators 
 armed  with  power,  fent  the  Protector  a  preremptory  Mef- 
 fage  to  dilTolve  the  Parliament,  telling  him  that  it  was  im- 
 poliible  for  him  to  keep  both  the  Parliament  and  Army  at 
 his  Devotion,    but  that  he  might  chofe  which  he  would 
 prefer  ;     if    he   diffolved  the  Parliament   he  might  depend 
 upon  the  Army,    but   if    he  refufed,    they   would   quickly 
 pull  hirn  out  of  Whitehall.     Upon  this  the  timorous  Gen- 
 tleman  being  in   Diflrefs,    and  deftitute  of   his   Father's 
 Courage,  fubmitted  to  part  with  the  only  Men  who  could 
 fupport  him. 
 
 After  the  diffolution  of  the  Parliament  Richard  became 
 
 Richard  de-  a  Cypher  in  the  Government ;    Lord  Broghil,    afterwards 
 
 J^ .,/  '  e  Earl  of    Orrery,    advifed   him   to   the  laft  to  fupport   the 
 
 Parliament  and  declare  againft  the  Council  of  Officers  ;  and 
 
 if  he  had  allowed   the   Captain  cf   his  Guard  at  the  fame 
 
 Time  to  have  iecured  Fleeiwoood  and  Defborough,  as  he 
 
 undertook 
 
Chap.  IV.        of  the    Puritan  s. 
 
 undertook  to  do,  with  the  hazard  of  his  Life,  he  might 
 have  been  eftablifh'd  ;  but  the  poor-fpinted  Prote&cr  toid 
 him,  that  he  was  afraid  of  Blood  ;  upon  which  the  Cap- 
 tain, Lord  Howard,  made  his  peace  with  the  King.  1  he 
 Officers  at  Wallingford  Houfe  having  gained  this  point,  pub- 
 lished a  Declaration  about  twelve  Days  a'ter,  without  fo 
 much  as  afking  the  Protecfor's  Leave,  inviting  the  Re- 
 mains of  the  Long  Parliament  to  refume  the  Government, 
 who  immediately  declared  their  Refolutions  for  a  Com- 
 monwealth without  a  fingle  perfon,  or  Houfe  of  Peers. 
 Thus  was  the  Grandeur  of  Cromwel's  Family  deflroy'd  bv  p        D 
 
 i  -i  i<-  c      r  c   ■  t>  i  Kump  Par- 
 
 the  pride  and  refentment  or  iome  or  its  own  branches  :  ament  re 
 Fleetwood  had  married  the  Widow  of  Ireton,  one  of  Oli-  ftoied. 
 ver's  Daughters,  and  being  difappointed  of  the  Protector  - 
 fhip  by  his  laff.  Will,  was  determined  that  no  fingle  Perfon 
 mould  be  his  Superior.  Defborough,  who  had  married 
 Oliver's  Sifter,  joined  in  the  fatal  confpiracy.  Lambert, 
 whom  Oliver  had  diffmilTed  the  Army,  was  called  from  his 
 Retirement  to  take  his  place  among  the  Council  of  Officers. 
 Thefe,  with  Sir  H.  Vane,  and  one  or  two  more  behind  the 
 curtain,  fubverted  the  Government,  and  were  the  Springs 
 of  all  the  Confufions  of  this  year,  as  is  evident  by  the  let- 
 ters of  Mr.  Henry  Cromwel,  Lord  Lieutenant  of  Ireland, 
 now  before  me,  who  faw  farther  in  their  Intrigues  at 
 that  diftance,  than  the  Protector  who  was  upon  the 
 fpot.  I  fhall  take  the  Liberty  to  tranferibe  fome  paffiges 
 out  of  them. 
 
 Upon  the  furprizing  News  of  Oliver's  Death,  he  writes  H  c 
 
 to  his  Brother,  Sept.   18.    1658 c;  lam  fo  afionifhed  wet's  Let- 
 
 "  at  the  News  of  my  dear  Father's  Sicknefs  and  Death,  that  ters  from 
 *'  I  know  not  what  to  fay  or  write  on  fo  fad  and  grievous  an  p^nw  me*S* 
 "  Occafion  ;  but  the  happy  News  of  leaving  your  Highnefs 
 '*'  his  Succefibr  gives  fome  Relief,  not  only  on  account  of 
 "  the  publick,  but  of  our  poor  Family,    which   the  good- 
 "  nefsof  God  has  preferved  from  the  contempt  of  our  Ene- 
 "  mies.    I  may  fay  without  Vanity,  that  your  Highnefs  has 
 "  been  proclaimed  here  with  as  great  Joy,  and  general  Sa- 
 "  tisfa&ibn  (I  believe)  as  in  the  beft  affecled  places  of  Enp-- 
 "  land  ;  and  I  make  no  doubt  of  the  dutiful  Compliance  of 
 **  the  Army.     Now  that  the  God  of  your  late  Father  and 
 "  mine,  and  your  Highnefs 's  predeceffor,    would  fupport 
 "  you,  and  pour   down  a  double  portion  of  the  fame  Spirit 
 "  that  was  fo  eminently  in  him,  and  would  enable  you  to 
 "  walk  in  his  Steps,   and  do  worthily  for  his  Name-lake 
 
 M  z  "  and 
 
i?o  The    HISTORY         Vol.  IV. 
 
 and  continually  preferve  you  in  fo  doing,    is  the  Prayer 
 of" 
 
 Yours,  &c. 
 
 H.  C. 
 
 In  another  Letter  of  the  fame  Date,  fent  by  an  exprefs 
 Meffenger,  he  writes,  that  "  he  had  caufed  a  very  dutiful 
 "  Addrefs  to  be  fent  to  the  Army,  which  had  been  already 
 "  figned  by  feveral  of  the  Field  Officers,  and  when  per- 
 "  fected,  fhould  be  fent  to  him  as  a  witnefs  againft  any 
 "  fingle  Officer  that  fhould  hereafter  warp  from  his  Obe- 
 "  dience  ;  fo  that  I  may  and  do  affaire  your  Highnefs  of  the 
 "  active  Subjection  of  this  Army  to  yo'ur  Government, 
 "  and  will  anfwer  for  it  with  my  Life " 
 
 Jn  his  Letter  of  October  20,  1658.  he  fays,  "  If  the 
 "  Account  be  true  which  I  have  received  of  the  State  of 
 "  Affairs  in  England,  I  confefs  'tis  no  more  than  I  look'd 
 w  for,  only  I  had  fome  hopes  it  might  have  been  prevented 
 w  by  keeping  all  Officers  at  their  refpective  Charges ;  but 
 "  as  things  now  rtand,  I  doubt  the  flood  is  fo  ftrong  you 
 "  can  neither  ftem  it,  nor  come  to  an  Anchor,  but  muft 
 <c  be  content  to  go  adrift  and  expecl:  the  Ebb.  I  thought 
 "  thofe  whom  my  Father  had  raifed  from  nothing 
 *'  would  not  fo  foon  have  forgot  him,  and  endeavour  to  de- 
 "  firoy  his  Family  before  he  is  in  his  Grave.  Why  do  I  fay, 
 "  I  thought,  when  1  know  Ambition,  and  Affectation  of 
 tl  Empire  never  had  any  Bounds.  I  cannot  think  thefe 
 "  Men  will  ever  red  till  they  are  in  the  faddle ;  and 
 "  we  have  of  late  years  been  fo  ufed  to  changes,  that  it 
 K  will  be  but  a  nine  Day's  wonder ;  and  yet  I  fear  there  is 
 "  no  Remedy,  but  what  muft  be  ufed  gradually  and  Pedet- 
 "  entim.  Sometimes  I  think  of  a  Parliament,  but  am 
 "  doubtful  whether  fober  Men  will  venture  to  embark  them- 
 "  felves,  when  things  are  info  high  a  diftrac~tion  ;  or  if  they 
 '*  would,  whether  the  Army  can  be  retrained  from  forcing 
 "  Elections. — lam  almoft  afraid  to  come  over  to  yourHigh- 
 "  nefs,  left  I  fhould  be  kept  there,  and  fo  your  Highnefs 
 "  lofe  this  Army,  which,  for  ought  I  know,  is  the  only 
 "  itay  you  have,  tho'  I  cannot  but  earneftly  defire  it.  I  alfo 
 "  think  it  dangerous  to  write  freely  to  you,  for  I  make  no 
 "  Queftion  but  all  the  Letters  will  be  opened  that  pafs  be- 
 "  tween  us,  unlefs  they  come  by  a  trufty  Meffenger.  I 
 "  pray  God  help  you,  and  blefs  your  Councils." 
 
 I  remain  yours,  6Vc. 
 
 H.  C. 
 In 
 
Chap.  IV.        of  the  Puritan  s. 
 
 In  a  Letter  of  the  fame  Date  to  his  Brother-in-law  Fleet- 
 wood, he  writes. 
 
 Dear  Brother, 
 "  T  Received  your  Account  of  the  Petition  of  the  Officers ;  Letter  to  L. 
 "  JL  but  pray  give  me  leave  to  expoflulate  with  you  ;  how  G  Fleet« 
 "  came  thefe  two  or  three  Hundred  Officers  together?   If  vo    * 
 "  they  came  of  their  own  Heads,    their  being  abfent  from 
 *'  their  Charge  without  licence  would  have  flown  in  their 
 "  Face  when  they  petitioned  for  a  due  Obfervance  of  mar- 
 "  tial  Difcipline.     If  they  were  called  together,  were  they 
 "  not  alfo  taught  what  to  fay  and  do  ?  If  they  were  called, 
 "  was  it  with  his  Highnefs's  Privity  ?  If  they  met  without 
 "  leave  in  fo  great  a  Number,  were  they  told  their  Error  ? 
 "  I  mall  not  meddle  with  the  Matter  of  their  Petition  ;  but, 
 "  Dear  Brother,  I  mull  tell  you,  I  hear  that  dirt  was  thrown 
 "  upon  his  late  Highnefs  at  that'great  Meeting:  That  they 
 "  were  exhorted  to  fland  up  for  that  good  old  Caufe  which 
 
 *'  had  long  lain  afleep 1  thought  my  Father  had  pur- 
 
 '*  fued  it  to  the  laft.  He  died,  praying  for  thofe  that  defi- 
 "  red  to  trample  on  his  Dull.  Let  us  not  render  Evil  for 
 "  Good,  and  make  his  Memory  (link  before  he  is  under 
 "  Ground.  Let  us  remember  his  lafl  Legacy,  and  for  his 
 **  fake  render  his  Succeffor  confiderable,  and  not  make  him 
 "  vile,  a  thing  of  nought,  and  a  by-word.  Whither  do 
 "  thefe  Things  tend  ?  What  a  Hurly-Burly  is  there  ?  One 
 "  Hundred  IndependantMiniflers  called  together  ;  a  Coun- 
 "  cil,  as  you  call  it,  of  two  or  three  Hundred  Officers 
 "  of  a  Judgment.  Remember  what  has  always  befallen 
 "  impofing  Spirits.  Will  not  the  Loins  of  an  impofing  Inde- 
 *'  pendant,  or  Anabaptiftr,  be  as  heavy  as  the  Loins  of  an 
 "  impofing  Prelate,  or  Prefbyter  ;  And  is  it  a  dangerous 
 "  Opinion  that  Dominion  is  founded  in  Grace,  when  it  is 
 "  held  by  the  Church  of  Rome,  and  a  found  principle 
 "  when  it  is  held  by  the  Fifth  Monarchy  Men.  Dear  Bro- 
 "  ther,  Let  us  not  fall  into  the  Sins  of  other  Men  left  we 
 ft  partake  of  their  plagues.  Let  it  be  fo  carried,  that  all 
 "  the  People  of  God,  tho' under  different  Forms;  yea, 
 "  even  thofe  whom  you  count  without,  may  enjoy  their 
 •*  birth-right  and  civil  Liberty;  and  that  no  one  Party  may 
 *'  tread  upon  the  Neck  of  another.  It  does  not  become 
 "  the  Magiftrate  to  defcend  into  Parties ;  but  can  the 
 "  Things  you  do  tend  to  this  End  ?  Can  thefe  things  be 
 "  done,  and  the  World  not  think  his  Highnefs  a  Knave  or 
 
 M  *  «  a 
 
182.  The    HISTORY         Vol.  IV. 
 
 Inter-  a  a  f00\f  or  oppreffed  with  mutinous  Spirits  ?  Dear 
 1659.  "  Brother,  my  Spirit  is  forely  oppreffed  with  the 
 coniideration  of  the  miferable  State  of  the  inno- 
 cent People  vf  thefe  Nations;  What  have  thefe  Sheep 
 done  that  their  Blood  fhould  be  the  price  of  our  Lull: 
 "  and  Ambition  ?  Let  me  beg  you  to  remember,  how  his 
 "  late  Highnefs  loved  you;  how  he  honoured  you  with  the 
 "  hjghefl:  TYuft,  by  leaving  the  Sword  in  your  Hand,  which 
 "  mull  defend  or  deftrcy  us,  And  his  declaring  your  High- 
 "  nets  his  Succelfor,  fhews  that  he  left  it  there  to  preferve 
 "  him  and  his  Reputation.  O  Brother  !  Ufe  it  to  curb  ex- 
 "  travagant  Spirits,  and  Bufy-bodies,  but  let  not  the  Na- 
 "  tions  be  governed  by  it.  Let  us  take  heed  of  arbitrary 
 "  Power;  let  us  be  governed  by  the  known  Laws  of  the 
 "  Land  ;  and  let  all  things  be  kept  in  their  proper  Chan- 
 ix  nels ;  and  let  the  Army  be  fo  governed,  that  the  World 
 "  may  never  hear  of  them  unlefs  there  be  occafion  to  fight. 
 "  And  truly,  Brother,  you  mufl  pardon  me,  if  I  fay  God 
 **  and  Man  may  require  this  Duty  at  your  Hand,  and  lay 
 "  all  Mifcarriages  of  the  Army,  in  point  of  Difcipline,  at 
 "  your  Doors.  You  fee  I  deal  freely  and  plainly  with  you 
 "  as  becomes  your  Friend,  and  a  good  Subject.  And  the 
 "  great  God,  in  whofe  prefence  I  fpeak,  knows  that  I  do  it 
 "  not  to  reproach  you,  but  out  of  my  tender  Affection  and 
 "  Faithfulnefs  to  you.  And  you, may  reft  aifured,  that 
 "  you  fhall  always  find  me," 
 
 Your  true  Friend  and  loving  Brother, 
 
 H.  C. 
 
 In  another  Letter  to  Lord  Broghil,  afterwards  Earl  of  Or- 
 rery, with  whom  he  maintained  an  intimate  Correfpondence, 
 *'  He  complains  of  his  being  forbid  to  come  over  into  Eng- 
 "  land  ;  and  that  the  claufe  in  his  new  commiffion  was  left 
 "  out;  namely,  the  power  of  appointing  a  Deputy,  or 
 "  Juries,  in  order  to  prevent  his  coming  over  to  England, 
 "  which  he  hopes  his  Highnefs  will  permit,  their  being 
 "  much  more  caufe  to  prefs  it  now  than  ever."  '  I  find 
 "  (fays  he  in  a  Letter  to  the  Protector)  that  my  Enemies 
 "  have  fenteneed  me  to  an  honourable  Banifhment ;  I  am 
 *f  not  confeious  of  any  Crime  which  might  deferve  it ; 
 "  but  if  they  can  denounce  Judgment  upon  my  Innocence, 
 "  they  will  eafily  be  able  to  make  me  criminal.  They 
 <e  have  already  begot  a  Doubt  among  my  Friends,  whe- 
 **  ther  all  be  right  j    but  I  will  rather  fubmit  to  any  Suf- 
 
 f  fering« 
 
Chap.  IV.      of  the  P  u  R  i  t  a  n  s. 
 
 "  erings  with  a  good  Name,  than  be  the  greateft  Man  up- 
 
 "  on   Earth    without    it" In    a    letter   to   Secretary 
 
 Thurloe  he  writes,  "  that  fince  he  was  not  allowed  to 
 *'  leave  Ireland  he  could  do  no  more  than  fit  ilill  and  look 
 "  on.  The  Elections  for  Parliament  are  like  to  be  good 
 "  here  (fays  he)  tho'  I  could  wiili  the  Writs  had  corne  fo 
 <(  timely  that  the  Members  might  have  been  there  before 
 '*  they  had  been  excluded  by  a   Vote,  which   tis  laid,    will 
 
 "   be  the  firft  thing  brought  upon  the  Stage "  From 
 
 t.iefe  and  fome  other  of  his  Letters,  'tis  natural  to  conclude, 
 that  Lieutenant  General  Fleetwood  was  at  the  Head  of 
 the  Councils  that  depofed  Richard,  which  might  be  owing 
 either  to  his  Commonwealth  Principles,  or  to  his  Difap- 
 pointment  of  the  Protedorlliip  However,  when  he  found 
 he  could  not  keep  the  Army  within  Bounds,  who  were  for 
 new  changes,  he  retired  from  publick  Bufinefs  and  fpent 
 the  remainder  of  his  Life  privately  among  his  Friends  at 
 Stoke-Newington,  where  he  died  fooa  after  the  Revolution, 
 being  more  remarkable  for  Piety  and  Devotion  than  for 
 Courage  or  deep  Penetration  in  Politicks. 
 
 To  return  ;  after  the  Rump  Parliament  had  fat  about  a  Petition  of 
 Week,  the  Officers  petitioned,  "  I.  That  the  Laws  might the  Army# 
 €t  have  their  free  courfe.  2.  That  all  publick  Debts 
 "  unfatisfied  might  be  paid.  3.  That  all  who  profefs 
 "  Faith  in  the  Holy  Trinity,  and  acknowledge  the  Holy 
 "  Scriptures  to  be  the  revealed  Will  of  God,  may  have 
 "  Protection  and  Encouragement  in  the  ProfeiTion  of  their 
 "  Religion,  while  they  give  no  Difturbance  to  the  State, 
 i(  except  Papifts,  Prelatifls,  and  Perfons  who  teach  licen- 
 "  tious  Doctrines.  4.  That  the  two  Univerfities,  and  all 
 "  Schools  of  Learning,  may  be  countenanced.  5.  That 
 *f  thofe  who  took  part  with  the  King  in  the  late  Wars,  or 
 "  are  notorioufly  diffaffedfed  to  the  Parliament's  Caufe, 
 "  may  be  removed  from  all  places  of  Trufr.  6.  That 
 'f  the  Protector's  Debts  be  paid,  and  an  Allowance  of  ten 
 *'  Thoufand  Pounds  per  Ann.  be  allowed  to  Richard  and 
 "  his  Heirs  for  ever.  7.  That  there  may  be  a  reprefenta- 
 W  tive  of  the  People,  confifling  of  one  Houfe,  fuccefllvely 
 *f  chofen  by  the  People  ;  and  that  the  Government  of  the 
 'f  Nation  may  be  placed  in  fuch  a  reprefentative  Body, 
 il  with  a  felecl:  Senate  co-ordinate  in  Power ;  and  that  the 
 *l  Adminiftration  of  all  executive  Power  of  Government 
 "  may  be  in  a  council  of  State,  confifting  of  a  convenient 
 "  Number  of  Perfons  eminent  for  Godlinefs,  and  who  are 
 *?  in  Principle  for  the  prefent  Caufe." 
 
 M  4  The 
 
Richard  re- 
 figns  the 
 Protedor- 
 fhip. 
 
 Treftiyte- 
 rians  for  re- 
 rto  ingthe 
 King 
 
 Infurre&ion 
 of  Sir 
 G.  Booth. 
 
 The    HISTORY        Vol.  IV. 
 
 The  Parliament  thanked  the  Officers  for  their  Petition, 
 but  poitponed  the  Affair  relating  to  Richard  till  he  mould 
 acquiefce  in  the  change  of  Government.  The  Protector 
 having  parted  with  the  Parliament,  who  were  his  chief  Sup- 
 port, had  not  the  Courage  and  Refolution  to  ftrike  a  bold 
 Stroke  for  three  Kingdoms,  but  tamely  fubmitted  to  re- 
 sign his  high  Dignity,  by  a  Writing  under  his  Hand,  after 
 he  had  enjoyed  it  but  eight  Months.  How  little  the  Soul 
 or  Oliver  was  in  his  Son  Richard  may  be  feen  by  this  con- 
 duel  !  His  Brother  Henry,  who  was  at  the  Head  of  an 
 Army  in  Ireland,  offered  to  come  immediately  to  his  Affift- 
 ance,  but  was  forbid,  and  the  timorous  young  Gentleman 
 returned  to  a  private  Life  with  more  feeming  Satisfaction 
 than  when  he  was  advanced  to  the  Sovereignity  Upon  his 
 quitting  Whitehall,  and  the  other  Royal  Palaces,  the  Par- 
 liament voted  him  a  Maintenance,  but  refufed  to  concern 
 themfelves  with  his  Fathers  Debts,  the  payment  of  which 
 fwept  away  the  greatefr.  part  of  his  Eftate,  which  was  far 
 from  being  large,  confidering  the  high  Perferments  his 
 Father  had  enjoy'd  for  feveral  Years.  This  was  a  further 
 contempt  thrown  upon  the  Protector's  memory ;  former 
 Obligations  were  forgotten,  and  a  new  council  of  State 
 being  chofen,  the  Nation  feemed  to  return  peaceably  to  a 
 Commonwealth  Government. 
 
 The  Prefbyterians  would  have  been  content  with  Rich- 
 ard's Government ;  but  feeing  no  Likelihood  of  reftoring 
 the  Covenant,  or  coming  into  Power,  by  the  Rump  Par- 
 liament, which  was  chiefly  made  up  of  Enthufiafts,  and 
 declared  Enemies  to  Monarchy,  they  enter'd  into  a  kind, 
 of  Confederacy  with  the  Royalifls  to  reflore  the  King  and 
 the  Old  Conflitution.  The  particulars  of  this  Union  (fays 
 Rapin)  are  not  known,  becaufe  the  Hiftorians  who  write 
 of  it  being  ail  Royalifls,  have  not  thought  fit  to  do  fo 
 much  Honour  to  the  Prefbyterians.  But  it  is  generally  a- 
 greed,  that  from  this  Time  the  Prefbyterians  appeared  no 
 longer  among  the  King's  Enemies,  but  very  much  promo- 
 ted his  Refloration.  Upon  the  Foundation  of  this  Union 
 an  Infurre£tion  was  formed  in  feveral  Parts  of  the  Country 
 but  was  difcovered  by  Sir  Richard  Willis,  a  Correfpondent 
 of  Secretary  Thurloe's,  fo  that  only  Sir  George  Booth,  a 
 Prefbyterian,  had  an  opportunity  of  appearing  about  Chef- 
 ter,  at  the  Head  of  five  or  fix  Hundred  Men,  declaring 
 for  a  free  Parliament,  without  mentioning  the  King;  but 
 he  and  Sir  Thomas  Middleton,  who  joined  him,  were  de- 
 feated by  Lambert,  and  taken  Prifoners.     The  King  and 
 
 Duke 
 
Chap.  IV.         of  the  Puritans.  185 
 
 Duke  of  York  came  to  Calais  to  be  in  Readinefs,    but  up-      Inter- 
 on  the  Mifcarriage,   they  retired,    and  his  Majefty  in  def-      jf?"™* 
 pair  determined  to  rely  upon  the  Roman  Catholick  Powers  s—*v-„j 
 for  the  future.      Several  of    the    Prefbyterian    Miniflers 
 appeared  in  this  Infurre&ion,  as  the  Reverend  Mr.  New- 
 comb  of  Manchefler,    Mr.   Eaton   of  Walton,    and  Mr. 
 Finch,  Chaplain  to  Sir  George  Booth,  all  eje&ed  by  the 
 Act  of  Uniformity. 
 
 The  Parliament  to  fecure  their  Commonwealth  Go-  Parliament 
 vernment,  firft  appointed  an  Oath  of  Abjuration,  where-  ^j"'0 
 by  they  renounced  Allegiance  to  Charles  Stuart,  and  the  Army, 
 whole  race  of  King  James,  and  promifed  Fidelity  to  the 
 Commonwealth  without  a  fingle  perfon  or  Houfe  of 
 Peers.  They  then  attempted  the  Reduction  of  the  Army, 
 which  had  fet  them  up,  depending  upon  the  Aflurances 
 General  Monk  had  given  them  from  Scotland,  of  his  Ar- 
 my's entire  Submiflion  to  their  Orders ;  but  the  Engliih 
 Officers,  inftead  of  fubmitting,  flood  in  their  own  Defence, 
 and  prefented  another  Petition  to  the  Houfe,  defiring  their 
 former  Addrefs  from  Wallingford  Houfe  might  not  lie  a- 
 fleep,  but  that  Fleetwood,  whom  they  had  chofen  for  their 
 General,  might  be  confirmed  in  his  high  Station.  The 
 Houfe  demurred  upon  the  Petition,  and  feeing  there  was 
 like  to  be  a  new  Conteft  for  Dominion,  endeavoured  to 
 divide  the  Officers,  by  cafhiering  fome,  and  paying  others 
 their  Arrears.  Upon  this  the  Officers  prefented  a  third 
 Petition  to  the  fame  purpofe  ;  but  the  Parliament  being  out 
 of  all  Patience  told  them  their  complaints  were  without  jufl 
 Grounds,  and  cafhiered  Nine  of  the  Chiefs,  among  whom 
 were  Lieutenant  General  Fleetwood,  Lambert,  Defbo- 
 rough,  Berry,  Kelfey,  Cobbet,  and  others  of  the  firit 
 Rank  ;  by  which  Things  were  brought  to  this  Crifis,  that 
 the  Army  muft  fubmit  to  the  Parliament,  or  boldly  difTolve 
 them.  The  difcarded  Officers  refolved  on  the  latter,  for 
 which  purpofe,  October  13.  Lambert  with  his  Forces  fe-  ^aA^c 
 cured  all  the  Avenues  to  the  Parliament  Houfe,  and  as  the 
 Speaker  paffed  by  Whitehall  he  rid  up  to  his  Coach,  and 
 having  told  him  there  was  nothing  to  be  done  at  Weftmin- 
 fter,  commanded  Major  Creed  to  conduct  him  back  to 
 his  Houfe.  At  the  fame  time  all  the  Members  were  ftop'd 
 in  their  Paflage,  and  prevented  from  taking  their  Seats  in 
 Parliament,  Fleetwood  having  placed  a  ftrong  Guard  at 
 the  Door  of  the  Parliament  Houfe  for  that  purpofe.  Thus 
 the  remains  of  the  long  Parliament,  after  they  had  fat 
 five  Months  and  fix  Days,    having  no  Army  to  Hand  by 
 
 them, 
 
i86 
 
 The  HISTORY         Vol.  IV. 
 
 Inter- 
 
 Regnum. 
 
 1659. 
 
 Committee 
 of  Safety. 
 
 G.  Monk 
 
 them,  were  turned  out  of  their  Houfe  a  fecond  Time,  by 
 a  Company  of  Head-ftrong  Officers,  who  knew  how  to 
 pull  down,  but  could  not  agree  upon  any  Form  of  Govern- 
 ment to  fet  up  in  its  place. 
 
 There  being  now  a  perfect  Anarchy,  the  Officers  who 
 were  Mailers  of  the  Nation,  firfl:  appointed  a  Council  of 
 Ten  of  their  own  Body  to  take  care  of  the  Publick,  and 
 having  reftored  their  General  Officers,  they  concluded  upon 
 a  feletr.  number  of  Men  to  aflume  the  Adminiilration, 
 under  the  tide  of  a  Committee  of  Safety,  which  ccnfifted  of 
 Twenty  three  Ferfons,  who  had  the  fame  Authority  and 
 Power  that  the  late  Council  of  State  had,  to  manage  all 
 publick  Affairs,  till  they  could  agree  upon  a  new  Settlement. 
 The  People  of  England  were  highly  dilgufted  with  thefe 
 Changes,  but  there  was  no  Parliament  nor  King  to  fly  to; 
 many  of  the  Gentry  therefore  from  feveral  parts  fent  Let- 
 ters to  General  Monk  in  Scotland,  inviting  him  to  march 
 bis  Army  into  England  to  obtain  a  free  Parliament,  and 
 promifing  him  all  neceffary  Affiftance. 
 
 The  Committee  of  Safety  being  aware  of  this,  .attempr- 
 lesbto  ed  an  Accommodation  with  Monk  by  Clarges,  his  Brother- 
 England  for  in-law,,  but  without  Succefs,  for  they  had  not  fat  above  a 
 afieePaiha-  Fortnight  before  they  received  Letters  from  Scotland,  full 
 of  Reproaches  for  their  late  Violation  of  Faith  to  the  Par- 
 liament, and  of  the  General's  Refolution  to  march  his  Ar- 
 my into  England  to  reilore  them.  Upon  this  Lambert  was 
 fent  immediately  to  the  Frontiers,  who  quartering  his  Sol- 
 diers about  Newcatlle,  put  a  flop  to  Monk's  March  for  a- 
 bout  a  Month.  In  the  mean  lime  the  General,  in  order  to, 
 gain  Time,  fent  Commiffioners  to  London,  to  come  to 
 Terms  with  the  Committee  of  Safety,  who  were  fo  fupple, 
 that  a  Treaty  was  concluded  November  15.  but  when  it 
 was  brought  to  Monk  he  pretended  his  Commiffioners  had 
 exceeded  their  Inftruttions,  and  refufed  to  ratify  it.  The 
 Council  of  State  therefore,  which  fat  before  the  Rump  Par- 
 liament was  interrupted,  taking  advantage  of  this,  refolved 
 to  gain  over  Monk  to  their  Parly,  and  being  afTembled  pri- 
 vately, fent  him  a  CommilTi  on,  conflituting  him  General 
 of  the  Armies  of  England,  Scotland  and  Ireland,  which 
 was  the  very  thing  he  defired. 
 
 The  General  having  fecured  Scotland,  and  put  Garrifons 
 into  the  fortified  Places,  marched  to  the  Borders  with  no  more 
 Parliament,  than  five  Thoufand  Men ;  but  while  Lambert  was  encamp- 
 ed about  Newcaftle  to  oppofe  his  Progrefs,  it  appeared  that 
 the  Nation  was  fick  of  the  Frenzies  of    the  Officers,    and 
 
 willing 
 
 The  Army 
 rofloies  the 
 
Chap.  IV.       of  the  Puritans;  187 
 
 willing  to  prefer  any  Government  to   the  prefent  Anarchy  ;      Inter- 
 Portfmouth,  and  part  of  the   Fleet  revolted,   and  declared  Resnun». 
 for  a  free  Parliament,  as  did  feveral  detachments  of  the  Ar-  t^yvNi 
 my  ;  upon  which  Lambert  retired    towards   London,    and 
 made  way  for  Monk's  entering  England.      The  Committee 
 of  Safety  feeing  all  things   in  confufion,  and    not  knowing 
 whom  to  trull,  refigned  their  authority,    and  reflored  the 
 Parliament,    which  met  again  Dec.   26.    and  would  now 
 have  been  glad  to  have  had  Monk  back  again  in   Scotland  ; 
 for  this  purpofe   they  fent  letters  to  acquaint  him  with  their 
 Refloration,  and    that  now  he  might  return  to  his  Govern- 
 ment in  Scotland  ;  but  the  General  having  entered  England,  But  Monk 
 Jan.  2.   continued    his  march  towards  London,  defigninga  t^" March 
 new  as  well  as  a  free  Parliament.     When  he  came  to  York, 
 Lord  Fairfax  received  him  into  that  City,  and  declared  for  a 
 new  and  free  Parliament  ;  as  did  the  London  Apprentices, 
 and  great    numbers  of  all  ranks  and  orders  of  Men  both  in 
 City  and  Country.     The  Rump  being  fufpicious  that  Monk 
 had  fome  further  defign,  either  of  eflabhlhing  himfelf  after 
 the   example  of  Cromwel,  or  of  refloring  the  King,    obli- 
 ged him  to  take  the  oath  of  Abjuration  of  Charles  Stuart,  al- 
 ready mentioned,  and  to  fwear,   that  by  the  Grace  and  Af- 
 fiflance  of  Almighty   God  he  would  be   true,  faithful,  and 
 conflant  to  the  Parliament   and   Commonwealth  ;  and  that 
 he  would  oppofe    the  bringing  in,    or  fetting  up  any  fingle 
 perfon  or  Houfe  of  Lords  in  this  Commonwealth.     They 
 alfo  fent  Mr.  Scot  and  Robinfon  to   be   Spies  upon  his  con- 
 duel,  who   came   to  him  at   Leicefler,  where  he  received 
 addreffes  frcm  divers  parts  to  reflore  the  fecluded  Presby- 
 terian Members  of  1648,  which   was  the  firfl  flep  towards 
 the   King's   Restoration.     Thus  a   few  giddy  Politicians  at 
 the  head   of  an   Army,  through    ambition,  envy,    lufl    of 
 power  ;  or   becaufe    they  knew  not  what   to  carve  out  for 
 themfelves,  threw  the  whole  Kingdom  back  into  confufion, 
 and  made  way  for  that  Refloration  they  were  mod  afraid  of, 
 and  which,  without  their  own  quarrels,   and  infulting  every 
 form  of  Government  that  had  been  fet  up,  could  not  have 
 been  accomplifhed. 
 
 When  the  General  came  to  St.  Albans  he  fent  a  mefTage,  And  enters 
 to  defire  the  Parliament  to  remove  the  Regiments  quarter-  tne  ^'aTm 
 ed  in  the  City  to  fome  diflance,  which  they  weakly  com- 
 plied   with,  and  made  way  for  Monk's  Entrance   with  his 
 
 Forces 
 
i38 
 
 The  HISTORY 
 
 Vol.  IV. 
 
 Contro- 
 ▼erfy  bo- 
 tween  the 
 City  and 
 Parlia- 
 ment. 
 
 Monk 
 pulls  down 
 their  Gates 
 
 But  is  re- 
 conciled to 
 them. 
 
 Forces  in  a  fort  of  Triumph,  February  3. 1659-60.  Being 
 conducted  to  the  Parliament  Houfe,  the  Speaker  gave  him 
 thanks  for  his  great  and  many  fervices ;  and  the  General 
 having  returned  the  compliment,  acquainted  the  houfe, 
 "  that  feveral  applications  had  been  made  to  him  in  his 
 u  march  from  Scotland,  for  a  full  and  free  Paaliament; 
 "  for  the  admffion  of  the  fecluded  members  in  1648.  with- 
 **  out  any  previous  Oath  or  engagement,  and  that  the  pre- 
 "  fenc  Parliament  would  deermine  their  fitting.  To  all 
 *'  which  he  had  replied,  that  they  were  now  a  free  Parlia- 
 "  mem,  and  had  voted  to  fill  up  their  Houfe  in  order  to  their 
 •*  being  a  hll  Parliament ;  but  toreftorethe  fecluded  Mem- 
 **  bers,  without  a  previous  Oath  to  the  prefent  Government, 
 "  is  what  had  never  been  done  in  England  ;  but  he  took 
 "  the  Liberty  to  add,  that  he  was  of  opinion,  that  the  few- 
 •'  er  Oathes  the  better,  provided  they  t  .ok  care  that  neither 
 "  the  Cavaliers  nor  Fanaticks  fhould  have  any  (hare  in  the 
 "  adminiftration." 
 
 The  Citizens  of  London  being  Prefbyterian,  fell  in  with 
 Monk,  in  hopes  of  a  better  Ettablifliment,  and  came  to  a 
 bold  refolution  in  Common -Council,  Feb.  17.  to  pay  no 
 more  taxes  till  the  Parliament  was  filled  up.  Upon  this  the 
 Houfe,  to  fhew  their  refentments,  ordered  the  General  to 
 march  into  the  City  ;  to  feize  eleven  of  the  mod  aclive 
 Common-Council-Men,  and  to  pull  down  their  gates,  chains, 
 and  portcullifcs.  This  was  bidding  them  defiance  at  a  time 
 when  they  ought  to  have  courted  their  Friendfhip.  Monk 
 having  arretted  the  Common-Council-Men  prayed  the  Parli- 
 ament to  fufpend  the  Execution  of  the  remaining  part,  but 
 they  infilling  upon  his  compliance,  he  obeyed.  The  Citi- 
 zens were  enraged  at  this  a£t  of  violence  ;  and  Monk's 
 friends  told  him,  that  his  embroiling  himfelf  with  the  City  in 
 this  manner  would  inevitably  be  his  ruin,  for  without  their 
 Affiftance  he  could  neither  fupport  himfelf,  nor  obtain  another 
 Parliament  ;  People  being  now  generally  of  opinion  with  O. 
 Cromwel,  that  "  the  Rump  Parliament  was  defigned  to  be  per- 
 **  petual,  and  their  Government  as  arbitrary  as  the  moftdefpo- 
 "  tick  King."  Monk  therefore  convinced  of  his  miftake,  rcibl- 
 ved  to  reconcile  himfelf  to  the  Magilt racy  of  the  City,  in 
 order  to  which,  he  fent  his  Brother  Clarges  to  affure  them  of 
 his  concern  for  what  he  had  done  ;  and  having  fummoned  a 
 Council  of  Officers  in  the  Night,  he  fent  a  Letter  to  the 
 Parliament,  infilling  upon  their  iffuing  out  Writs  to  fill  up 
 their  Houfe,  and  when  filled,  to  rife  at  an  appointed  time, 
 and  give  way   to  a  full  and  free  Parliament.    Upon  reading 
 
 tint 
 
Chap.  IV.         of  the  P  u  r  i  t  A  N  s. 
 
 this  Letter  the  Houfe  voted  him  thanks,  and  fent  to  acquaint 
 him,  that  they  were  taking  meafures  to  fatisfv  his  requeft  j 
 but  the  General  not  willing  to  truft  himfelf  in  their  hands, 
 broke  up  from  Whitehall,  and  having  been  invited  by  the 
 LordMayorof  London,  and  the  chief  Prefbyterian  Minifters, 
 marched  his  whole  army  into  the  City ;  and  a  Common- 
 Council  being  called,  he  excufed  his  late  conduit,  and  ac- 
 quainted them  with  the  Letter  he  had  fent  to  the  Houfe, 
 alluring  them,  that  he  would  now  ftand  by  them  to  the  ut- 
 moft  of  his  power.  This  appeafed  the  angry  Citizens,  and 
 caufed  them  to  treat  him  as  a  friend,  not  vvithftanding  what 
 had  happen'd  the  day  before.  When  the  news  of  the  recon- 
 ciliation was  fpread  through  the  Town,  the  Parliament  were 
 (truck  with  furprize  ;  but  there  was  a  perfect  triumph  among 
 the  people,  the  Bells  rung,  nonefires  were  made,  and  num- 
 bers of  rumps  thrown  into  them,  in  contempt  of  the 
 Parliament. 
 
 The  General  being  now  fupported  by  the   Citizens,    pro-  He  refiore* 
 ceeded  to  reftore  the  fecluded  Members  of  1648.  who  were  ^^^f 
 of    the  Prefbyterian  party  ;   for  this  purpofe  he  appointed  a      1648. 
 conference  between  them  and  fome  of  the  fitting  Members, 
 which  mifcarried,  becaufe  the  fitting  Members  could  not  un- 
 dertake that  the  Parliament  would  ftand  to  their  agreement. 
 Upon  which  Monk  refolved  to  reftore  them  immediately  by 
 force,    left  the  Parliament  and  their  army  mould  come  to  an 
 accommodation,    and  diflodge  him  from  the  City.     Accor- 
 dingly he  fummoned   the  fecluded  Members  to  Whitehall, 
 Feb.    21-    and  having  acquainted  them  with  his  defigrj,  ex- 
 horted them  to  take  care  of  the  true  intereft  of  the  Nation, 
 and  told  them,    te  That  the  Citizens  of  London  were  for  a    K.  Chr. 
 ti  Commonwealth,    the  old  foundations  of  Monarchy  being     P*  63- 
 *«  fo  broken   that  it  could  not  be  reftored  but  upon  the  ruins 
 **  of  the  People,  who  had  engaged  for  the  Parliament ;  for  if 
 M  the  King  fhould  return  (fays  he)  he  will  govern  by  arbitrary 
 "  will  and  power.  Befides,  if  the  Government  of  the  State 
 ct  be  monarchical,  the  Church  muft  follow,  and  Prelacy  be 
 "  brought  in,    which    I  know  the  Nation  cannot  bear,  and 
 u  have  fworn  againft  ;  and  therefore  a  moderate,  not  a  rigid 
 '•'  Prefbyterian   Government,    with   liberty  of    confeience, 
 "  will  be  the  moft  acceptable  way  to  the  Chuiches  Settle- 
 '.*  ment."     He  then  obliged  them  to  fubferibe  the  following 
 articles,    "  1.    To   fettle  the  armies  fo  as  to    preferve  the 
 "  peace.  2.  To  provide  for  their  fupport,  and  pay  their  ar* 
 "  rears.  3.  Toconftitute  a  Council  of  State  for  Scotland  and 
 "  Ireland.     And,  4.  to  call  a  new  Parliament  and  dhTolve 
 
 «  the 
 
190 
 
 Inter- 
 
 Regnum. 
 
 1659- 
 
 Proceedings 
 of  Parlia- 
 ment. 
 Rapin. 
 
 Prefbytery 
 reilored. 
 K.  Chr. 
 P-  52,  75- 
 
 The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y        Vol.  IV. 
 
 "  the  prefent."  AndfodifmifTed  them,  with  a  ftrong  party 
 of  Guards  to  fee  them  take  their  places  in  the  Houfe.  This 
 fpeech  was  very  diftant  from  what  is  pretended  the  General 
 had  in  view,  and  feems  to  have  been  drawn  up  by  fome  of  the 
 moderate  Prefbvterians,  with  whom  he  kept  a  clofe  corref- 
 pondence.  And  tho'  he  did  not  turn  the  Members  out  of  the 
 Houfe,  as  Cromwel  did,  yet  his  difcharging  the  Parlia- 
 ment guards,  and  placing  a  ftrong  Body  of  his  own  Horfe  at 
 the  door,  without  leave  of  the  Parliament,  gave  them  fuffi- 
 ciently  to  underftand  what  would  be  the  confequence  of  their 
 making  oppefition. 
 
 The  Houfe  thus  enlarged  became  entirely  Prefbyterian. 
 They  ratified  their  vote  of  December  1648.  (viz.)  that  the 
 King's  conceffions  at  the  Ifle  of    Wight  were  a  fufficient 
 
 ground    for  peace they   annulled    the  engagement  of 
 
 -they  put  the  Militia  into  new  hands,  with  this 
 that  "  none  fhould  be  employed  in  that  truft 
 would  firft  declare  undc»  their  hands,  that  they 
 "  believed  the  War  raifed  by  both  Houfes  of  Parliament  a- 
 "  gainft   the  King  was  juft  and  lawful,  till  fuch  time  as  force 
 
 '•  and  violence  was  ufed  upon  the  Parliament  in  1648."  ■ 
 
 They    repealed   the  Oath   of    abjuration   of  Charles  Stuart 
 
 ■ They  appointed  a  new  Council  of  State,  and  declared 
 
 for  a   free  Commonwealth For  a  learned  and   pious 
 
 ■For  the  continuance  of  Tithes,  and  for  the 
 
 1649.— 
 Limitation, 
 "  but   who 
 
 Miniftry — 
 
 augmentation  of  fmaller  Livings  by  the  Tenths  and  Firft- Fruits 
 ■  They    refolved  to  encourage   the  two  Univerfities, 
 
 and  all  other  Schools  of  Learning And  (to  content  the 
 
 Independants)  they  voted,  that  provifion  fhould  be  made  for 
 a  due  liberty  of  confeience  in  matters  of  Religion,  according 
 to  the  word  of  God. 
 
 Thus   all  things   feemed  to  return  to  the  condition  they 
 were  in  at  the  treaty  of  the  Ifle  of  Wight.    The   Prefbyteri- 
 ans  being  now  again  in   the  faddle,  a  day  of  thanksgiving 
 was  kept ;    after  which  the  City  Minifters  petitioned  for  the 
 redrefs  of  fundry  grievances  ;  as,  "   1.  That  a  more  effec- 
 "  tual  courfe  be  taken  againft  Papifts.   2.  That  the  Quakers 
 *'  be  prohibited  opening  their  (hops  on  the  Sabbath  Day.     3. 
 "  That   the  pubiick  Minifters  may  not  be  difturbed  in  their 
 tc  pubiick  Services."     They  requefted  the  houfe  to  eftablilh 
 the  Affemblv's  Confeffion  of  Fairh,     Direclorv,    and  Cate- 
 chifms  ;  to  appoint  perfons  for  approbation  of  Minifters,  'till 
 the  next  Parliament  fhall  take  further  order ;  and  to  call  an- 
 other Aflembly  of    Divines,  to  be  chofen  by    the  Minifters 
 of  the  feveiai  Counties,    to  heal  the  divifton,  of  the  Nation. 
 
 In 
 
Chap-  IV.        of  the  Puritan  s. 
 
 In  anftver  to  thefe  requefts  the  Houfe  agreed  to  a  Bill, March 
 2.  for  approbation  of  publick  Minifters,  according  to  the 
 Directory,  and  named  Mr.  Manton,  and  feveral  others  of 
 the  Prefbvterian  perfuafion,  for  that  fei  vice  ;  which  parted 
 into  an  act,  March  14.  They  declared  for  the  Aflembly's 
 Confeflion  of  Faith,  except  the  30th  and  31ft  Chapter?  of 
 Difclpline,  and  appointeda  Committee  to  prepare  an  a£t,  de- 
 claring it  to  be  the  Publick  Confeiiion  of  Faith  of  the  Church 
 of  England.  The  Act  parted  the  houfe  March  5.  and  was 
 ordered  to  be  printed  j  Dr.  Reynolds,  Mr.  Manton  and 
 Calamy  to  hav  e  the  care  of  the  Prefs.  On  the  fame  day  they 
 order,  d  The  Solemn  League  and  Covenant  to  be  re-printed, 
 and  fet  up  in  every  Church  in  England,  and  read  publickly 
 by  the  Minifter  once  every  Year. 
 
 Thus   Prefbytery  was  reftored  to  all  the  power  it  had  ever  Presbyteri- 
 enioyed  :    and   the  Minifters  of  that  perfuafion  were  in  full  Ta"s '"  ful1  c 
 poliefiion  of  all  the  livings  in  England.   A  reform  was  made  tj,e  Nation. 
 in  the   Militia  ;    and  the  chief  places  of  Profit,  Truft,  and 
 Honour,    were  put   into    their   hands.     The  Army  was  in 
 difgrace  ;    the  Independants  deprived  of  all  their  influence, 
 and  all   things  managed   by  the  Prefbyterians,  fupported  by 
 Monk's  forces.       After   this    the  long  Parliament  parted  an 
 act  for  their  own  diflblution,  and  for  calling  a  new   Parlia- 
 ment to   meet   April   25,    1660.    the  Candidates  for  which  KCh 
 were   to  declare  under  their  hands,  "  That  the  War  againft  85. 
 "  the  late  King  wasjuft  and  lawful  ;  and,  all  who  had  affift- 
 "  ed    in   any  War    againft  the  Parliament  fince  January  i. 
 "   1641.  they  and  their  fons  were  made  incapable    of    being 
 "  elected,  unlefs  they  had  fince  manifefted  their  good  affec- 
 "  tion  to  the    Parliament."     They   then  appointed  a.  new- 
 Council  of  State,  confiding   of  thirty  one  Peribns,  to  take 
 care  of  the  Government ;  and  diflblved  themfelves,   March 
 16,  after  they  had  fat,  with  fundry  intermiltions,  nineteen 
 years,  four  Months,  and  thirteen  days. 
 
 We  are  now  come   to  the  dawn  of  the  Reftoration,  of  character 
 which  General  Monk  has  had  the  Reputation  of  being  the  of  General 
 chief  initrument.     This  Gentleman  was  Son  of  Sir  Thomas  Monk' 
 Monk,  of  Potheridge,  in  Devonfhire,  and  ferved  the  King 
 in  the  Wars  for  fome  years,  but  being  taken  Prifoner  he 
 changed   fides,  and   acted   for  the  Parliament.     He  after- 
 wards ferved  O.   Cromwel,  and  was  by  him  left  Comman- 
 der in  chief  of  the  Forces  in  Scotland,  from  whence  he 
 now  marched  into  England  to  reftore  the  Parliament.    Lord 
 Clarendon  and  Eachard,  fay,  ««  He  was  of  a  referved  Na- 
 *'  ture,  of  deep  Thoughts,  and  of  iew  Words  ;  and  what  he 
 «4  wanted  in  fine  Elocution  he  had  in  found  Judgment.  That 
 
 "  he 
 
Inter- 
 Regnum, 
 1659. 
 
 Welw.  Me- 
 Inoirs,  p. 
 117,  Uc. 
 
 Hift. 
 
 Stuarts,  p. 
 459- 
 
 The  H  I  S  T  0  R  Y        Vol.  IV. 
 
 he  had  a  natural  Secrecy  in  him,  prevalent  upon  all  his 
 qualifications  of  a  Soldier ;  a  ftrong  body,  a  mind  not 
 eafilydifordered,  an  invincible  courage,  and  afedate  and 
 uniform  contempt  of  death,  without  any  frenzy  of  Fa- 
 "  naticifm,  or  Superftition  to  turn  his  Head."  This  is  the 
 Language  of  flattery.  Others  have  fet  him  forth  in  a  very 
 different  light ;  they  admit,  that  he  was  bold  and  venture- 
 fome,  but  had  nothing  of  the  Gentleman,  nor  any  depth  of 
 Contrivance  ;  that  he  was  perpetually  wavering,  and  betray- 
 ed all  whom  he  ferved  but  Cromwel.  Ludlow  fays,  he  was 
 a  Man  of  a  covetous  Temper,  and  of  no  Principles  ;  of  a 
 vicious  Life  and  fcandalous  Converfation.  Father  Orleans 
 fays,  that  he  was  a  Man  of  flow  Undemanding.  And  Whit- 
 lock  reports,  that  the  French  Ambaffador  faid,  he  had  nei- 
 ther Senfe  nor  Breeding.  The  truth  is,  he  had  a  cloudy  head, 
 and  in  no  action  of  his  Life  discovered  a  quick  or  enterprizing 
 Genius.  In  the  latter  part  of  Life  he  was  fordidly  covetous 
 and  funk  into  mod  of  the  vices  of  the  times.  No  Man  ever 
 went  beyond  him  in  diflimulation  and  falfhood,  as  appears 
 in  this  very  affair  of  the  King's  Refloration.  He  took  the 
 Abjuration  Oath  once  under  Oliver  ;  and  again  this  very 
 year,  whereby  he  renounced  the  Title  of  Charles  Stuart, 
 **  and  fwore  to  be  true  to  the  Commonwealth,  without  a 
 *'  fingle  Perfon  or  Houfe  of  Lords."  And  yet  in  his  firfl 
 meffage  to  the  King  by  Sir  John  Greenville,  he  allures  his 
 Majefty,  "  That  his  h#art  had  been  ever  faithful  to  him, 
 *'  though  he  had  not  been  in  a  condition  to  ferve  him  till 
 *'  now."  When  he  came  with  his  Army  to  London,  he  af- 
 fured  the  Rump  Parliament  of  his  chearful  obedience  to  all 
 their  commands,  and  defired  them  to  be  very  careful  that 
 the  Cavalier  party  might  have  no  fhare  in  the  Civil  or  Mili- 
 tary Power.  When  he  reftored  the  fecluded  Members  he 
 promifed  the  Parliament,  to  take  effectual  care  that  they 
 fhould  do  no  hurt.  When  the  Commonwealths  Men  ex* 
 preffed  their  fears,  and  asked  the  General,  whether  he 
 would  join  with  them  againfl:  the  King  ?  he  replied,  "  I  have 
 "  often  declared  my  refolution  fo  to  do."  And  taking  Sir 
 Arthur  Haflerigge  by  the  hand,  he  faid,  "  I  do  here  protefl: 
 *'  to  you,  in  the  prefence  of  all  thefe  Gentlemen,  that  I 
 "  will  oppofe  to  the  utmoft,  the  fetting  up  of  Charles  Stuart, 
 u  a  fingle  perfon,  or  a  Houfe  of  Peers."  He  then  expoflula- 
 ted  with  them  about  their  fufpicions ;  "  What  is  it  I  have 
 tc  done  in  bringing  thefe  Members  into  the  Houfe  (fays  he) 
 *'  are  they  not  the  fame  that  brought  the  King  to  the  Block, 
 *'  though  others  cut  off  his  Head,  and  that  juftly  ?"  And 
 
 yet 
 
Chap,  IV.      of  the  P  u  r  i  t  A  n  s. 
 
 yet  this   very   Man,    within   fix  months,    condemned  thefe 
 
 perfons  to  the  Gallows.  Nay,  further,  the  General  fent  letters 
 
 to   all  the    Regiments,  afturing  them,  "  that  the  Govern- 
 
 "  ment  mould   continue  a  Common-wealth,  that  they  had 
 
 "  no  purpofe    to   return  to  their  old  bondage,  that  is  Mo- 
 
 "  narchy  ;    and  if   any   made    difturbances    in  favour  of 
 
 '*  Charles    Stuart,  he  defired    they  might  be  fecured."     So 
 
 that  if  this  Gentleman   was  in  the  Secret  of  reftoring  the 
 
 King  from  his  Entrance  into  England,  or  his  firft  coming 
 
 to  London,  I   may   challenge  all     Hiftory    to  produce  a 
 
 fceiieof  Hypocrify  and  Difiimulation  equal  to    his  Conduct. 
 
 Dr.    Welwood  adds,  that  he  afted  the  part  of  a  Politician  ^"JS.* 
 
 much    better  than    that  of  a  Chriftian  ;  and  carried  on  the  Bum  Hift. 
 
 thread  of  Dillimulation  with  wonderful  Dexterity.     Bifhop  P-  87>  89« 
 
 Burnet   differs    from  the  Dodtor,  and  fays,  that    l<  tho'  he 
 
 **  had  both  the  praife  and  the  reward,  yet  a  very  fmall  mare 
 
 (t  of  the  Reftoration  belonged  to  him The  Tide  run  fo 
 
 "  ftrong  that  the  General  only  went  into  it  dexteroufly 
 c<  enough  to  get  much  Fame  and  great  Rewards— If  he  had 
 "  died  foon  after,  he  might  have  been  more  juftly  admired  ; 
 "  but  he  lived  long  enough  to  make  it  known  how  falfe  a 
 '*  Judgment  Men  are  apt  to  make  upon  outward  appearance. 
 
 But  before  we  relate    the  particulars  of  the    Reiteration,  state  of 
 it  will  be  proper  to  confider  the  abjett  State   of  the  Church  Epifcoraey, 
 of  England,    and   the  Religion    of    the   young    King.     If  g?  ^ thc 
 Cromwel    had    lived  ten  or  twelve  years  longer,  Epifcopa- 
 cy  might  have  been  loft  beyond  Recovery,  for  by  that  time 
 the    whole  Bench  of  Bifhops  would   have  been  dead,  and 
 there  would  have  been  none  to  coniecrate  or  ordain  for  the 
 future,    unlefs  they  could  have  obtained  a  new  Conveyance 
 from  the  Church  of  Rome,  or  admitted  the  validity  of  Pref- 
 byterian  Ordination.     This  was  the  Cafe  in  view,  which  in-  Rebates 
 duced  fome   of  the   ancient  Bifhops   to  petition  the  King  to  pouj-fi»- 
 lill  up  the  vacant  Sees  with  all  Expedition,  in  which  they  tfant  set', 
 were  fupported  by  Sir  Edward  Hyde,  Chancellor  of  the  Ex- 
 chequer, who  prevailed    with  his  Majefty  to  nominate  cer- 
 tain Clergymen  for  thofe  high  Preferments,  and  fent  over  a 
 lift    of  their  Names   to  Dr.  Barwick,  to  be  communicated 
 by  him  to  the  Bifhops  of  London,  Ely,  Sarum,  and  others 
 that  were  to  be  concerned  in   the  Confecration.      It  was  ne- 
 eeffary  to  carry  on  this  defign  with   a  great  deal  of  Secrecy, 
 left  the  governing  Powers  mould  fecure  the  Bifhops,  and  by 
 that    means   hinder  the  Work.     It  was  no  iefs  diiUcult  to  Difficulties 
 provide   Perfons  of  Learning  and  Character  who  would  r.c-  that  attend- 
 cept  the  Charge,  when  it  would  expofe  them  lo  Sufferings,  t'dlU 
 as  being   contrary  to  the  Laws  in   being,  and  w.'icn   there 
 
 Vol.  IV.  N  was 
 
The  HISTORY  Vol.  IV. 
 
 was  no  profpect  of  reftoring  the  Church.     But  the  greatefl 
 Difficulty  ot  all  was,  how  to  do  it  in  a  canonical  Manner, 
 when  there  were  no  Deans  and  Chapters  to  elecl:,  and  con- 
 fequemly  no  Perfons  to  receive  a  Conge  d'  Eflire,  according 
 to  antient  cuftom. 
 Sundry  Ex-       Several  expedients  were  propofed  for  removing  this  diffi- 
 pedientspro-  culty.     Sir  Edward  Hyde  was  of  opinion,  that  the  proceed- 
 poe  '  ing  mould  be  by  a  Mandate  from  the  King  to   any  three  or 
 
 four  Bifhops,  by  way  of  Collation,  upon  the  Lapfe,  for  the 
 Dean  and  Chapter's  Non-Election.  But  it  was  objected, 
 that  the  fuppofal  of  a  Lapfe  would  impair  the  King's  Pre- 
 rogative more  than  the  Collation  would  advance  it,  becaufe 
 it  would  prefuppofe  a  power  of  Election  Pleno  Jure  in  the 
 Deans  and  Chapters,  which  they  have  only  De  facultate 
 Regia  ;  nor  could  they  petition  for  fuch  a  Licenfe,  becaufe 
 moll  of  the  Deans  were  dead,  fome  Chapters  extinguifhed, 
 and  all  of  them  fo  difturbcd,  that  they  could  not  meet  in 
 the  Chapter-hbufe,  where  fuch  Acts  regularly  are  to  be  per- 
 formed. 
 L ife  of  j)n   Barwick,  who   was  in  England,   and  correfponded 
 
 204.  '  '  with  the  Chancellor,  propofed,  that  his  Majefly  mould 
 N;nnet's  grant  his  CommiiTion  to  the  Bifhops  of  each  Province  re- 
 iron.  p.  jpeclively,  affembled  in  Provincial  Council,  or  otherwife,  as 
 fhould  be  moil  convenient,  to  elect  and  confecrate  fit  Per- 
 fons for  the  vacant  Sees,  with  fuch  difpenfative  Claufes  as 
 mould  be  found  neceffary  upr,n  the  Emergency  of  the  Cafe 
 (his  Majefly  Signifying  his  Pkafure  concerning  the  Perfons, 
 and  the  Sees)  which  Commimon  may  bear  Date  before  the 
 Action,  and  then  afterward  upon  Certificate,  and  Petition, 
 to  have  his  Majefty's  Ratification  and  Confirmation  of  the 
 whole  Procefs,  and  the  Regilter  to  be  drawn  up  according- 
 ly by  the  chief  Actuary,  who  may  take  his  Memorials 
 hence,  and  make  up  the  Record  there. 
 
 Dr.  Bramha!!,  Bifhop  of  Derry,  was  for  the  Irifh  way, 
 where  the  King  has  an  abfolute   power  of  Nomination,  and 
 therefore  no  way  feemed  to  him  fo  fafe,  as  confecrating  the 
 Perfons  nominated  to  void  Sees  in  Ireland,  and  then  remov- 
 ing them    to   others    in    England,    which  he  apprehended 
 would  clearly   elude  ail    thofe  Formalities  wheh  feemed -to 
 perplex  the  affair;  but  this  was  thought  an  ill  Precedent,  as 
 it  opened  a  Door  for  deftrcying  the  Privileges  of  the  Church 
 of  England  in   their  capitular  Elections.     The  old  Bifhop 
 of  Ely  was  fo  far  from  wifhing  with  Dr.  Bramhall,  that  trie 
 Irifh  method   might  be    introduced  into  England,  thajt.Jic 
 faid,  if  he  mould  live  to  fee  the  Church  reflored,  he  would  be 
 
 a 
 
Chap.  IV.       of  the  P  u  r  i  t  a  n  s.  195 
 
 a  humble  Suitor  to  his  Majefty,  that  the  privileges  of  the    &>»«- 
 Englifh  Church,  in   their  Eleaions  of  Biihops,  might  be  Re°™m* 
 introduced  into  Ireland.  v-— v—— 
 
 Dr.  Wren  Bifhop  of  Ely,  and  Dr.  Cofins  of  Peter oo- 
 rough,  were  for  an  expedient  fomething  like  the  fecond,  to 
 which  the  Court  agreed,  and  Mr.  Chancellor  Hyde  writ  to 
 Dr.  Barwick  for  the  Form  of  fuch  a  Commiflion  as  they 
 judged  proper,  and  urged,  that  it  might  be  difpatched  with 
 all  poflible  expedition.  The  Chancellor  had  this  Affair  very 
 much  at  Heart,  but  the  old  Bifhops  were  fearful  left  it 
 fliould  be  difcovered,  in  which  cafe  they  were  fure  to  be  the 
 Sufferers.  Dr.  Brownrigge  of  Exeter,  and  Dr.  Skinner  of 
 Oxford,  declined  meddling  in  the  Affair  ;  the  reft  declared 
 their  Willingnefs  to  advance  the  Work,  but  lived  in  hopes 
 there  might  be  no  occafion  for  the  hazard.  The  Chancel- 
 lor, in  one  of  his  Letters  fays,  "  the  King  was  much  trou- 
 **  bled  that  no  more  care  was  taken  of  the  Church  by  thofe 
 "  who  mould  be  the  Guardians  of  it."  He  cenfures  the 
 flownefs  of  the  Clergy,  and  fays,  it  was  very  indecent,  that 
 when  their  afflicted  Mother  was  in  extremity,  any  of  her 
 Sons  ftiould  be  timorous  and  fearful.  Such  were  the  Chan- 
 cellor's narrow  principles,  who  feemed  to  hang  the  Eflence 
 of  Chriftianity,  and  the  validity  of  all  Church  Adminiftra- 
 tions,  upon  the  Conveyance  of  Ecclefiaftical  Power  by  an 
 uninterrupted  SucceiTion  from  the  Apoftles. 
 
 The  Non-jurors  had  the  like  Cafe  in  view  after  the  Re-  Remarks. 
 volution,  and  provided  for  it  in  the  beft  Manner  they  could. 
 But  is  not  the  Chriftian  World  in  a  fad  Condition,  if  a  Bi- 
 fhop  cannot  be  chofen  or  confecrated  without  a  Royal  Man- 
 date, and  the  Suffrage  of  a  Dean  and  Chapter,  when  there 
 were  no  fuch  Officers  in  the  Church  for  three  hundred 
 years  after  the  Apoftles  ?  and  if  the  validity  of  all  facerdo- 
 tal  Miniftrations  mull:  be  hung  upon  the  Line  of  an  uninter- 
 rupted SucceiTion  from  St.  Peter  ?  when  Baronius,  their 
 Hiftorian,  confefles,  that  in  a  SucceiTion  of  fifty  Popes  not 
 one  pious  or  virtuous  Man  fat  in  the  Chair  ;  when  there  had 
 been  no  Popes  for  fome  years  together  ;  and  at  other  times 
 two  or  three  at  once  ;  and  when  the  fame  Writer  admits, 
 between  twenty  and  thirty  Schifms,  one  of  which  continu- 
 ed fifty  years,  the  Popes  of  Avignon  and  Rome  excommu- 
 nicating each  other,  and  yet  conferring  Orders  upon  their 
 feveral  Clergy.  How  impoiTible  is  it  to  trace  the  right 
 Line  through  fo  much  confufion  ;  and  how  abfurd  to  lay  the 
 validity  or  regularity  of  our  Miniftrations  upon  it  ? 
 
 N  2  But 
 
The    HISTORY  Vol.  IV. 
 
 But  with  regard  to  the  King,  his  concern  for  the  regu- 
 lar Confecration  of  Proteftant  Biihops  was  a  meer  Farce  ; 
 for  if  he  was  not  a  Papifl  before  this  time,  'tis  certain  he 
 King  ab-  was  reconciled  to  the  Church  of  Rome  this  year,  at  the 
 i?re^.-c-      Pvrensean  Treaty  concluded  between   France   and  Spain  at 
 
 Pi.  Rellgi-      _«  .  ,  y  iii  •        i     •  • 
 
 on « the       rontarabia,  whither  he    had   repaired   incognito  to  engage 
 Pyrenees,      them  in  his  Intereft.     Here    the   King  flayed  twenty  days, 
 in  which   his  Majefly,  with   the  Earl  of  Briftol  and  Sir  H. 
 Bennet  embraced    the   Roman   Catholick  Religion.     The 
 Secret   of  this  affair  was    well  known  to  Lord  Clarendon, 
 Eachard,  p.   tho'  he  is  pleafed  to  mention  it  with  great  tendernefs.  "  It  is 
 7S1-  "  believed,  fays   his  Lordlhip,  by    wife  Men,  that  in  that 
 
 "  Treaty  fomewhat  was  agreed  to  the  prejudice  of  the 
 "  Proteftant  Intereft: ;  and  that  in  a  fhort  time  there  would 
 *'  have  been  much  done  againfl  it,  both  in  France  and 
 tc  Germany,  if  the  Meafures  they  had  then  taken  had  not 
 '.'  bteu  fhortly  broken,  chiefly  by  the  furprizing  Revolution 
 "  in  England,  which  happened  the  next  year,  and  alfo  by 
 *'  the  Death  of  the  two  great  Favourites  of  the  two 
 "  Crowns,  Don  Lewis  de  Haro,  and  Cardinal  Mazarine, 
 "  who  both  died  not  long  after  it."  But  the  Secret  of  the 
 King's  Reconciliation  to  Popery  has  been  more  fully  ac- 
 knowledged of  late  years,  by  the  eldefl  Son  of  Lord 
 Clarendon,  and  by  the  Duke  ©f  Ormond,  who  declared 
 to  feveral  perfons  of  Honour,  that  "  he  himfelf,  to  his 
 *'  great  furprize  and  concern,  accidently,  in  a  Morning 
 '*  early,  faw  the  King  in  the  great  Church  on  his  Knees  be- 
 "  fore  the  high  Altar,  with  feveral  Priefts  and  Ecclefiafticks 
 "  about  him.  That  he  was  foon  after  confirmed  in  his 
 "  Sentiments  by  Sir  Henry  Bennet  and  the  Earl  of  Briftol, 
 "  who  both  owned  the  King  to  be  a  Catholick  as  well  as 
 "  themielves ;  but  it  was  agreed,  that  this  Change  fhould 
 ft  be  kept  as  the  greateft  fecret  imaginable."  There  is  an- 
 other Story  (fays  Bifhop  Kennet)  which  I  have  reafon  to 
 Kennet,  p.  think  true  :  "  Sir  H.  Bennet  was  foon  after  feen  to  wait  on 
 23*-  "  the  King  from  Mafs,  at  which  fight   the  Lord  Culpepcr 
 
 "  had  fo  much  indignation,  that  he  went  up  to  Bennet,  and 
 ft  fpoke  to  this  effecl" ;  I  fee  what  you  are  at  ;  is  this  the 
 te  way  to  bring  our  Mailer  home  to  his  three  Kingdoms  ? 
 <l  Well,  Sir,  if  ever  you  and  I  live  to  fee  England  toge- 
 "  ther,  I  will  have  your  Head,  or  you  fhall  have  mine. 
 **  Which  words  ftruck  fuch  a  terror  upon  Sir  Harry  Ben- 
 "  net,  that  he  never  durft  fet  foot  in  England  till  after  the 
 *'  Death  of  Lord  Culpeper,  who  met  with  a  very  furprizing 
 "  End,  focn  after  the  King's  return." 
 
 But 
 
Chap.  IV.  of  the  P  u  r  i  t  A  n  s.  197 
 
 But  tho'  the  prime  Minifters   of  France  and  Spain  were     Inter- 
 now  firft  Witnefles  of  his   Majefty  abjuring  the  Proteftant  Rie|num- 
 Religion,  there  are  ftrong  preemptions  that  he  was  a  Pa-  «_  -v— ^i 
 pift  long  before,  even  before  his  Brother  James,  if  we  may  Proofs  of 
 credit  the  Teftimony  of    his  ConfefTor,  Father  Huddlefton.  £is  .beins  * 
 To  the  Proofs  of    this  Fact  already  mentioned    under  the  f0*J? 
 year  1652.  I  would    add  the  Teftimony  of  the   Author  of  welw. 
 the  Myftery  of  Iniquity,  printed  1689.   who   writes  thus ;  Memoir'* 
 **  The  King's  [Charles  the  Second's]  Apoftafy,  is  not  of  fo  £e*    ' 
 "  late  a  date  as  the   Vv7orld  is    made  commonly  to  believe,  chron.  p. 
 "  for  tho'  it  was  many   Years  concealed,  and   the  contrary  598- 
 *'  pretended  and  diflembled,  yet  it  is  certain  he  abjured  the 
 "  Proteftant  Religion  foon  after  the  Exilement  of  the  Roy- 
 u  al  Family,  and  was  reconciled  to   the  Church  of  Rome 
 *'  at  St.  Germains  in  France.     Nor  were  feveral  of  the  then 
 "  fuffering  Bilhops  and   Clergy  ignorant  of  this,  tho'  they 
 "  had  neither  integrity  nor  courage  to  give  the  Nation  war- 
 "  ning  of  it."  Biihop  Burnet,  in  the  "  Hiftory  of  his  Life 
 f  and  Times,"  confirms  this  Teftimony  from  the  Cardinal 
 Minifter,  who   fent  an  Advertifement  of  it  to   the  Bifhop 
 himfelf;  he  fays,  "  that  before  the  King  left  Paris  (which  Burnet,  p. 
 "  was   in  June   1654.)    he  changed   his    Religion,  but  by  75' 
 "  whofe  Perfuafion  is  not  yet  known,  only  Cardinal    De 
 **  Retz  was  in   the  fecret,  and  Lord  Aubigny  had  a  great 
 "  hand  in  it.     Chancellor  Hyde    had   fome  fufpicion  of  if, 
 *'  but  would  not  fuffer  himfelf  to  believe    it    quite."     And 
 Sir  Allen  Broderick  declared  upon  his  Death-bed,  that  King 
 Charles  the  Second  made  Profeffion  of  the  Popifh  Religion 
 at  Fontainbleau,    before  he  was  fent  out  of -France  to  Cq- 
 iogn. 
 
 The  Dutch   Proteftants    fufpecled  the  Change,    but   the  Rl,t  demM 
 King  denied  it  in   the  moil  publick  Manner  ;  for  when  he  "  ;t0  p 
 was  at  Bruflels  in  the  year  165S.  he  writ  the  following  Let-  toflams. 
 ter  to  the  Reverend   Mr.  Cawton,  the  Prebyterian  Minifter 
 of  the  Englifh  Congregation  at  Rotterdam. 
 
 CHARLES    REX. 
 
 "  *T1  RUSTY  and  well-beloved,  we  greet  you  well.  King's  L«t- 
 "  J.  We  have  received  fo  full  a  Teftimony  of  your  af-  {"  t0  Mr* 
 t(  fe&ion  to  our  Perfon,  and  Zeal  for  our  Service,  that  we 
 "  are  willing  to  recommend  an  affair  to  you  in  which  we, 
 "  are  much  concerned.  We  do  not  wonder,  that  the  ma- 
 *•*  lice  of  our  Enemies  mould  continue  to  lay  all  manner  of 
 st  fcandals  upon  us,  but  are  concerned  that  they  fiiould  find 
 N  -x  «  Credit 
 
I9& 
 
 Inter- 
 Regnum. 
 1659 
 
 The   HISTORY 
 
 Vol.  IV 
 
 K.  Chron.- 
 
 Tr.  Mini- 
 fters  em- 
 ployed to 
 %rite  that 
 the  King  is 
 a  Prote- 
 ftant. 
 Mr. 
 
 Gaches's 
 Letter. 
 K.  Chron. 
 p.  91,92. 
 
 Ci  Credit  with  any  to  make  our  Affection  to  the  Proteftant 
 "  Religion  fufpecied,  fince  the  World  cannot  but  take  no- 
 f<  tice  of  our  conftant  and  uninterrupted  Profeflion  of  it  in 
 
 "  all   i'laces. No  Man  has,  or  can   more  manifeft  his 
 
 '*  Affection  to,  and  Zeal   for  the  Proteftant  Religion  than 
 '*  we  have  done.     Now  as  you  cannot  but  have  much  con- 
 <c  verfation   with   the  Minifters  of  the  Dutch  Church,  we 
 "  prefume  and  expect  that  you  will  ufe  your  utmoft  dili- 
 "  gence  and    dexterity   to  root  out  thofe  unworthy  afperfi- 
 lt  ons,  fo  malicioufly  and  groundlefly  laid  upon  us  by  wick- 
 '.*  ed  Men  ;  and  that  you   affure  all  that   will  give  credit  to 
 "  you,  that  we  value  ourfelves  fo  much  upon  that  part  of 
 "  our  Title,    of    being   Defender  of   the   Faith,  that  no 
 "  worldly  Confideration  can  ever  prevail  with  us  to  fwerve 
 "  from  it,   and  the  Proteftant  Religion    in   which  we  have 
 "  been  bred,  the  Propagation  whereof  we    fhall  endeavour 
 **  with  our  utmoft   power.     Given  at  Bruffels,  Nov.  7,  in 
 '■  the  10th  year  of  our  Reign." 
 
 To  carry  on  the  difguife,  Dr.  Morley,  afterwards  Bifhop 
 of\Vinchefter,was  employed  to  write  an  apologetical  Letter 
 to  Dr.  Trigland,  the  Dutch  Minifter  at  the  Hague,  to  af- 
 fert  and  prove  the  King's  Stedfaftnefs  to  the  reformed  Faith 
 and  Communion.  The  Letter  was  dated  June  7,  1659.  a 
 little  before  the  King's  going  to  the  Pyrensean  Treaty,  to 
 engage  the  Roman  Catholick  powers  for  his  Reftoration. 
 
 But  to  confirm  the  Prefbyterians  further,  and  to  put  an 
 end  to  all  fufpicions  of  his  Majefty  being  turned  Papift,  Sir 
 Robert  Murray  and  the  Countefs  of  Balcarres  were  em- 
 ployed to  engage  the  mod  eminent  reformed  Minitlers  in 
 France  to  write  to  their  Prefbyterian  Brethren  in  England, 
 and  affure  them  "  of  the  Kind's  Stedfaftnefs  in  the  Pro- 
 "  teftant  Faith,"  and  to  excufe  his  not  joining  with  the 
 Church  at  Charenton.  Accordingly  thefe  credulous  Mini- 
 fters not  being  acquainted  with  the  fecret,  writ  to  their 
 Brethren  at  London  to  the  following  purpofe. 
 
 Monfieur   Raymond   Gaches,    Paftor  of  the  Reformed 
 
 Church  at  Paris,  to  the  Reverend   Mr.  Baxter,   March  23, 
 
 t     1659-60.'  ■  te  I  know  what  Odium  has  been  caft  upon 
 
 the  King  ;  fome  are  diffatisfied  in  his  Conftancy  to  the 
 
 true  Religion 1  will  not  anfwer  what  truly  may  be 
 
 faid,  that  it  belongs  not  to  Subjects  to  enquire  into  the 
 Prince's  Religion  ;  be  he  what  he  will,  if  the  Right  of 
 reigning  belongs  to  him,  Obedience  in  Civil  Matters  is 
 his  due.  But  this  Prince  never  departed  from  the  pub- 
 lick  Profeffion  of  the  true  Religion  j  nor  did  he  difdain 
 
 to 
 
Chap.  IV.       of  the  P  u  R  i  t  a  n  s.  199 
 
 "  to  be  prefent  at  our  religious   AfTemblies  at    Roan  and      Inter- 
 "  Rochel,  tho'  he  never  graced  our  Church  at  Paris  with  R^|nl!m' 
 "  his  prefence,  which  truly  grieved  us.'*  ■_  _  _  _, 
 
 Monfieur  Drelincourt,  another  of  the  French  Paftors   at  Mr.  Dre- 
 
 Paris,    writes   March  24. "  A  report  is  here,   that  the  ,incourt's' 
 
 "  thing  which  will  hinder  the  King's  Reftoration,  is  the 
 "  opinion  conceived  by  fome,  of  his  being  turned  Roman 
 "  Catholick,  and  the  fear  that  in  time  he  will  ruin  the  Pro- 
 "  teftant  Religion.  But  I  fee  no  Ground  for  the  Report, 
 <c  his  Majefty  making  no  profeflion  of  it,  but  on  the  con- 
 "  trary  has  rejected  all  the  Aids  and  Advantages  offered 
 "  him  upon  that  Condition.  Charity  is  not  jealous,  and  if 
 "  it  forbids  us  to  fufpecl:  on  flight  Grounds  private  Perfons, 
 "  how  can  it  approve  Jealoufies  upon  Perfons  fo  facred  !  be- 
 "  fides,  there  are  in  the  King's  Family,  and  among  his 
 •*  Domefticks,  fome  Gentlemen  of  our  Religion  ;  and 
 **  my  old  Friends,  who  at  feveral  times  have  given  me  af- 
 "  furances  of  the  Piety  of  this  Prince,  and  his  Stability  in 
 "  the  Profeffion  he  makes — Your  Prefbyterians  are  nowen- 
 il  trufted  with  the  honour  of  our  Churches  ;  if  they  recal 
 "  this  Prince  without  the  intervening  of  any  foreign  Power 
 "  they  will  acquire  to  themfelves  immortal  Glory,  and  ftcp 
 "  their  Mouths  for  ever,  who  charge  us  falfly  as  Enemies 
 "■  to  Royalty,  and  make  appear  that  the  Maxim,  no  Bifhop, 
 **  no  King,  is  falfly  imputed  to  us." — 
 
 The  famous  Monfieur  Daille  of  Paris,  in  his  Letter  of  Daiiic's. 
 March  28,  writes  to  the  fame  Purpofe  : — **  I  know  'tis  re-  K.  Chron. 
 *'  ported  that  the  King  has  changed  his  Religion  ;  but  who  P"  34- 
 "  can  believe  a  thing  fo  contrary  to  all  probability  ?  no- 
 "  thing  of  this  appears  to  us  ;  on  the  contrary  we  well 
 "  know,  that  when  he  has  refided  in  places  where  the  ex- 
 "  ercife  of  his  Religion  is  not  permitted,  he  has  always 
 "  had  his  Chaplains  with  him  who  have  regularly  perform- 
 "  ed  Divine  Service.  Moreover,  all  Paris  knows  the  anger 
 lf  the  King  expreffed  at  the  endeavours  that  were  ufed  to 
 *'  pervert  the  Duke  of  Glouccfter.  And  tho'  'tis  objected, 
 "  that  he  never  came  to  our  Church  at  Charenton,  yet  as 
 "  we  are  better  informed  of  this  than  any  one,  we  can 
 w  teftify,  that  Religion  was  not  the  caufe  of  it,  but  that  it 
 "  was  upon  political,  and  prudential  Confiderations,  which 
 tC  may  be  peculiar  to  our  Church,  for  he  has  gone  to  Ser- 
 *'  mon  in  Caen,  and  fome  other  Towns  ;  and  in  Holland 
 **  he  heard  fome  Sermons  from  the  famous  Monfieur 
 N  4.  "  More. 
 
p.  2  1 6. 
 
 200  The    HISTORY  Vol.  IV. 
 
 Tnter-      «  More,  our  prefent  Collegue.     Tnus,  Sir,  it  is  rriore  clear 
 ^ffcoT'    "  t'lan  t^e  ^aV>  triat  whatfoever  has  been  reported  till  this 
 
 «_ — v~mmj  "  time  of  the  change  of  this  Prince's  Religion,  is  a  meer 
 "  calumny >•" 
 
 Mr.  De  MonfieurdeL'Angle,  Minifterof  the  Proteftant  Church 
 
 n°ef'  at  Roiien,  writ  upon  the  fame .fubject  to  his  friend  in  Lon- 
 don, more  fully  to  evidence  the  King's  ftedfaftnefs  in  the 
 Proteftant  Religion.  Thefe  Letters  were  printed,  and  in- 
 duftrioufly  fpread  over  the  whole  Kingdom. 
 
 The  King  himfelf  in  his  Letter  to  the  Houfe  of  Com- 
 mons fays,  "  Do  you  defire  the  advancement  of  the 
 "  Proteftant  Religion  ?  We  have  by  our  conilant  Pro- 
 "  felTion  and  Practice  given  fufficient  Teftimony  to  the 
 "  World,  That  neither  the  unkindnefs  of  thofe  of  the 
 "  fame  Faith  towards  us,  nor  the  Civilities  and  Prote- 
 "  flations  of  thole  of  a  contrary  Profeffion,  could  in 
 "  the  leaft  degree  ftartle  us,  or  make  us  fvverve  from 
 «  it." 
 
 Life,  'Tis  a  furprizing  reflection  of  Mr.  Baxter  upon  occafion 
 
 of  thefe   Letters :    "  Thefe  Divines,  fays   he,  knew  no- 
 
 P.  210.  .  ,  J 
 
 f(  thing  of  the  State  of  affairs  in  England.  They  knew  not 
 "  thofe  Men  who  were  to  be  reltored  with  the  King. 
 ".  They  pray,  fays  he,  for  the  fuccefs  of  my  labours, 
 "  when  they  were  perfuading  me  to  put  an  end  to  my  la- 
 "  hours,  by  fetting  up  thofe  Prelates,  who  will  filence 
 "  me  and  many  hundreds  more.  They  perfuade  me 
 "  to  that  which  will  feparate  me  from  my  Flock,  and 
 "  then  pray,  that  I  may  be  a  bleffing  to  them  ;  and  yet, 
 "  fays  he,  I  am  for  reftoring  the  King,  that  when  we 
 "  are  filenced,  and  our  Miniftry  at  an  end,  and  fome  of  us 
 "  lie  in  prifons,  we  may  there,  and  in  that  condition,  have 
 *'  peace  of  Confcience  in  the  difcharge  of  our  duty,  and 
 "  the  exercife  of  Faith,  Patience,  and  Charity  in  our  Suf- 
 '*  ferings."  Was  there  ever  fuch  reafoning  as  this !  But 
 the  reader  will  make  his  own  remarks  upon  thefe  extraordi- 
 nary Paragraphs. 
 
 To  return  back  to  General  Monk  in  Scotland  ;  as  long 
 as  the  Army  governed  affairs  at  Weftminfter  the  General 
 was  on  their  fide,  and  entertained  Mr.  John  Collins,  an 
 Independant  Minifter,  for  his  Chaplain ;  but  upon  the  quar- 
 rel between  the  Army  and  Parliament,  and  Monk's  de- 
 claring for  the  latter,  it  was  apprehended  he  had  changed 
 fides,  and  would  fall  in  with  the  Prefbyterians;  npon  which 
 Mr.  Caryl  and  Barker  were  fent  to  Scotland,  with  a  Letter 
 from  Dr.  Owen,  exprefTing  their  fears  of  the  danger  of  their, 
 
 religious 
 
Chap.  IV.       of  the  P  u  R  i  t  a  n  s.  20 r 
 
 religious  Liberties  upon    a   Revolution  of    Government    RInter" 
 The  General  received  them  with  all  the  marks  of  efteem  ;      ^^' 
 and  after   a    few    Days    returned   the  following  Anfwer,  i^V^O 
 in  a  Letter  directed  to  Dr.  Owen,  Mr.  Greenhill,  and  Mr. 
 Hook,  to  be  communicated  to  the  Churches  in  and  about 
 London. 
 
 Hon.  and  dear  Friends, 
 "  T  Received  yours,  and  am  very  fenfible  of  your  kind-  Monk's 
 "  J_  nefs  exprefTed  to  the  Army  in  Scotland,  in  fending  ^'j^j 
 "  fuch  honourable  and  reverend  Perfons,  whom  we  re-  dependant*. 
 "  ceived  with  thankfulnefs  and  great  joy,  as  the  Meffen- 
 "  gers  of  the  Churches,  and  the  Minitters  of  Chrift  of 
 "  thefe  three  Nations.  I  do  promife  you  for  myfelf,  and 
 *'  the  reft  of  the  Officers  here  that  your  Intereft,  Liberty, 
 "  and  Encouragement,  fhall  be  very  dear  to  us.  And  we 
 '*'  fhall  take  this  as  a  renewed  obligation  to  affert  to  the 
 *'  utmoft,  what  we  have  already  declared  to  the  Churches 
 "  of  Jefus  Chrift.  I  doubt  not,  but  you  have  received 
 "  fatisfaction  of  our  inclinations  to  a  peaceable  accomoda- 
 tl  tion.  I  do  hope  that  fome  differences  being  obviated, 
 "  we  fhall  obtain  a  fair  compofure.  I  do  aflure  you,  that 
 "  the  great  things  that  have  been  upon  my  Heart  to  fe- 
 "  cure  and  provide  for,  are  our  Liberties  and  Freedom, 
 *'  as  the  Subjects  and  Servants  of  Jefus  Chrift,  which  we 
 "  have  conveyed  to  us  in  the  Covenant  of  Grace,  affured 
 "  in  the  promifes  purchafed  by  the  Blood  of  our  Saviour 
 "  for  us ;  and  given  as  his  great  Legacy  to  his  Church  and 
 "  People,  in  comparifon  of  which  we  efteem  all  other 
 "  things  as  dung  and  drofs,  but  as  they  have  a  relation 
 f*  to,  and  dependance  upon  this  noble  end.  The  others 
 "  are  our  Laws  and  Rights  as  Men,  which  muft  have 
 "  their  efteem  in  the  fecond  place  ;  for  which  many  Mem- 
 *'  bers  of  the  Churches  have  been  eminent  inftruments  to 
 f  labour  in  fweat  and  blood  for  thefe  eighteen  years  laft: 
 "  paft,  and  our  Anceftors  for  many  hundred  years  be- 
 "  fore  ;  the  fubftance  of  which  may  be  reduced  to  a  Par- 
 ?*  liamentary  Government,  and  the  Peoples  confenting  to 
 ■'  the  Laws  by  which  they  are  governed.  That  thefe  Pri- 
 u  vileges  of  the  Nation  may  be  fo  bounded,  that  the  Church- 
 "  es  may  have  both  fecunty  and  fettlement,  is  my  great 
 f  Defire,  and  of  thofe  with  me.  So  that  I  hope  you  will 
 f  own  thefe  juft  things,  ond  give  us  that  aftiftance  that 
 ic  becomes  the  Churches  of    Chrift  in  purfuance  of  this 
 
 i(  work. 
 
202  The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y         Vol.  IV. 
 
 work.  And  we  do  afTure  you,  we  fhall  comply  as  far 
 as  porTible,  with  refpect  had  to  the  fecurity  and  iafety 
 of  the  Nation,  and  the  prefervation  of  our  antient  Birth- 
 rights and  Liberties.  And  we  mall  pray,  that  we  may 
 "  be  kept  from  going  out  of  God's  way  in  doing  God's 
 "  Work. 
 
 "  I  do  in  the  name  of  the  whole  Army,  and  myfelf, 
 u  give  all  our  affe&ionate  Thanks  for  this  your  Wcuk  of 
 "  Love  ;  and  though  we  are  not  able  to  make  fuch  re- 
 "  turns  as  are  in  our  hearts  and  defires  to  do,  yet  we  fhall 
 **  endeavour  by  all  ways  and  means  to  exprefs  our  care  and 
 '*  love  to  the  Churches,  and  mail  leave  the  reward  to  him 
 *4  who  is  the  God  of  peace,  and  has  in  fpecial  affured  all 
 "  Wettings  to  the  Peace-Makers.  I  conclude  with  the 
 "  words  of  David,  i  Sam.  xxv.  32.  BlefTcd  be  the  Lord 
 "  God  of  Ifrael,  and  blefled  be  your  advice,  and  bleffed  be 
 "  you  all.  Now  the  Lord  God  be  a  wall  of  fire  round  a- 
 "  bout  you,  and  let  his  Prefence  be  in  his  Churches,  and 
 H  they  fill'd  with  his  glory.  I  have  no  more,  but  to  entreat 
 "  your  Prayers  for  an  happy  Iflue  of  this  unhappy  diffe- 
 f*  rence  ;  which  is  the  Prayer  of  him,  who  is,  reverend 
 "  Sirs,  and  dear  friends,  your  very  affecYionate  Brother  and 
 **  Servant, 
 
 Edinburgh,  Nov.  23*  1659,  G.  Monk. 
 
 Wclw.  Jn  one  0f  tjie  General's  letters  to  the  Parliament,  written 
 
 Append  about  June  1659.  he  declares  ftrongly  for  liberty  of  Confci- 
 No.XI.  ence,  and  an  abfolute  Commonwealth,  in  language,  which 
 in  another  would  be  called  the  Fumes  of  Fanaticifm. 
 u  You  are  the  people  (fays  he)  who  have  filled  the  World 
 "  wi:h  wonder,  but  nothing  is  difficult  to  Faith;  and  the 
 "  promifes  of  God  are  iure  and  certain.  We  acknowledge 
 *'  that,  we  our  felves  have  very  much  contributed  to  the 
 '  **  Lord's  departing  from  our  Ifrael,  but  we  fee  God's  hour 
 "  is  come,  and  the  time  of  the  people's  deliverance,  even 
 "  the  fet  time  is  at  hand.''  "  He  cometh  skipping  over  all 
 "  the  mountains  of  fin>  and  unworthinefs,  &rc."  ik  We 
 *'  humbly  befeech  you  not  to  heal  the  wounds  of  the 
 «*  daughter  of  God's  people  flightly,  but  to  make  fo  fure 
 "  and  lafting  provifion  for  both  Chriilianand  civil  rights,  as 
 "  both  this  and  future  generations  may  have  caufe  to  rife 
 *'  up  and  call  you  bleffed,  and  the  blacke$  of  defigns  may 
 M  never  be  able  to  carl:  dirt  in  your  faces  any  more— "He 
 
 then 
 
Chap.  IV.         of  the  P  u  R  I  t  A  N  s. 
 
 then  defires  them  to  encourage  none  but  godly  Minif- 
 ters  and  Magiftrates,  that  no  yoke  may  be  impofed  upon 
 Confcience  but  what  is  agreeable  to  the  word  of  God,  and 
 that  they  would  eftablifh  the  Government  in  a  free  State 
 or  Commonwealth.  Signed  by  General  Monk  and  twenty- 
 five  of  his  chief  Officers. 
 
 Upon    the  General's  coming  to  London  he  was  tranf-  He  eouru 
 formed  at  once  into  a  zealous  PreuSyterian,  and  thought  no  ,he  P***f- 
 more  of  the  Independant  Churches ;  he  received  the  Sacra-  fr_thnm. 
 ment  at  Mr.  Calamy's  Church,  and  would  fuffer  none  top. 81. 
 preai  h  before  him  but  whom  he  approved.     He  confulted 
 the  Presbyterian  Minifters,  and  asked  their  advice  in  all  im- 
 portant affairs.  It  feems  thefe  were  the  gentlemen  that  beat 
 him  out  of  his  Commonwealth  principles,  it  we  may  believe 
 the  Reverend  Mr.    Sharp,   afterwards   Archbifhop  of  St. 
 Andrews,  whofe   words  are  thefe,  in  one  of  his  letters  to 
 the   Reverend  Mr.   Douglafs  in   Scotland,  "  Sunday  laft,  K.  Chron. 
 *'  March  II.  the  general  fent  his  coach  for  Mr.  Calamy,  p"     * 
 "  Mr.  Afh  and  me;  we  had  a  long  converfation  with  him 
 "  in  private,  and  convinced  him,   that  a   Commonwealth 
 "  was    impracticable ;  and  to  our  fenfe  beat  him  off  that 
 "  fconce  he  has  hitherto  maintained  --We  urged  upon 
 
 "  him,   that  the  Presbyterian  Intereft  which  he  had  efpou- 
 "  fed  was  much  concerned  in  keeping  up  this  Houfe,   and 
 (t  fettling  the  Government  upon  terms.     But  the  fubtle  Ge- 
 "  neral  replied,  that  in  regard  he  had  declared  fo  lately  a- 
 "  gainft  a  Houfe  of  Lords,  and   the  continuing  this  Houfe 
 *'  of  Commons,  he  could  not  fo  reputably  do  it."     After- 
 wards, when  fome  Gentlemen  of  quality,  fufpefting  the 
 King  to  be  at  the  bottom,  were  earnefl:  with  the  General, 
 that  if  the  King  muff  be  brought  in  by  the  next  Parliament, 
 it  might  be  upon  the  terms  of  his  late  Majefty's  Concefllons 
 at    the  Ifle  of  Wight ;  the  General  at  firft  recoil'd,  and 
 declar'd,  he  would  adhere  to  a  Commonwealth ;  but  at 
 laft  feeming  to  be  conquer'd  into  a  compliance,  he  intimated 
 to  them,    '*  that  this  was   the   utmoft  line  he  could    or 
 <s  would  advance  in  favour  of  the  King  ;"  and  yet  when 
 this  was  moved  in  the  convention  Parliament  by  Sir  Mat- 
 thew Hale,  the  Get.eral  flood  up,  and  declared  againft  all 
 conditions,  and  threaten'd  them  that  mould  encourage  fuck 
 a  motion  with  all  the  mifchiefs  that  might  follow.     Thus 
 the  credulous  Presbyterians  were  gradually  drawn  into  the 
 fnare,  and  made  to  believe,   that  Presbytery  was  to  be  the 
 eftablifhed  Government  of  the  Church  of  England  under 
 King  Charles  II. 
 
 The 
 
204 
 
 The  HISTORY        Vol.  IV. 
 
 And  the 
 Scots  Kirk. 
 Kennet,  p. 
 
 5°- 
 
 Behaviour 
 of  the  Irt- 
 deaendants. 
 
 The  Scots  were  equally  concerned  in  this  affair,  and 
 much  more  zealous  for  their  Difcipline.  The  General 
 therefore  fent  Letters  to  the  Kirk,  with  the  ftrongeft  affu- 
 rances  that  he  would  take  care  of  their  Difcipline.  But  the 
 Scots  not  willing  to  truft.  him,  commiffioned  Mr.  Sharp  to 
 be  their  Agent,  and  gave  him  inftru&ions  to  ufe  his  beft 
 endeavours,  that  the  Kirk  of  Scotland  might,  without  inter- 
 ruption or  encroachment,  enjoy  the  freedom  and  liberty  of 
 her  eftablifhed  Judicatories,  and  to  reprefent  the  finfulnefs 
 and  offenfivenefs  of  a  Toleration  in  that  Kingdom.  Sharp 
 was  to  concert  meafures  with  Mr.  Calamy,  Afh,  Manton, 
 and  Cowper  ;  but  thefe  Gentlemen  being  not  very  zea- 
 lous for  the  Difcipline,  Sharp  informed  his  Principals,  that 
 it  was  feared  the  King  would  come  in,  and  with  him  mo- 
 derate Epifcopacy,  at  leaft  in  England,  but  that  the  more 
 zealous  party  were  doing  what  they  could  to  keep  on  foot 
 the  Covenant.  To  which  Douglafs  replied,  "  It  is  beft: 
 "  that  the  Prefbyterian  Government  be  fettled  fimply,  for 
 "  you  know  that  the  Judgment  of  honeft  Men  here  is  for 
 **  admitting  the  King  on  no  other  but  Covenant  Terms." 
 
 The  Independants  and  Anabaptifts  were  in  fuch  Difgrace 
 that  their   Leaders  had  not   the  honour  of   being  confulted 
 in  this  weighty  affair.     General  Monk  and  the  Prefbytefi^ 
 ans  were  united,  and    had  force  fufficient  to  fupport  their 
 claims ;    the  Tide  was  with  them,  and  the  Parliament  at 
 their  mercy.     The  Independants  offered  to  ftand  by  their 
 friends  in  Parliament,  and   to   raife  four  new   Regiments 
 from   among  themfelves   to   force   the  General  back  into 
 Scotland.     Dr.  Owen  and  Mr.  Nye  had  frequent  confulta- 
 tions  with   Mr.  Whitlock  and  St.  John  ;  and  at  a  private 
 Treaty  with  the  Officers  at  V/allingford  Houfe,  offered  to 
 raife  one  hundred   thoufand  pounds  for  the  ufe  of  the  Ar- 
 my, provided   they  would   protect  them   in  their  religious 
 Liberties,  which    they  were  apprehenfive  Monk  and   the 
 Prelbyterians  defigned  to  fubvert ;  but  thofe   Officers  had 
 loft  their  credit  ;    their  meafures    were   difconcerted  and 
 broken  ;    one  party  was  for  a   treaty,  and  another  for  the 
 Sword,  but  it  was  too  late  ;    their  old  vetefan  Regiments 
 were  diflodged  from  the  City,  and  Monk  in  poffeflion.     In 
 this  confufion  their  General   Fleetwood,  who  had  brought 
 them  into  this  diftrefs  retired,  and  left  them  a  body  without 
 a  head,  after  which  they  became  infignificant,  and  in  a  few 
 Months  quite  contemptible.     Here  ended  the  power  of  the 
 Army,  and  of  the  Independants. 
 
 Bem^ 
 
Chap.  IV.  of  the  P  u  r  i  T  a  n  s. 
 
 Being  now  to  take  leave  of  this  People,  it  may  be  proper 
 to  obferve,  that  the  Independants  grew  up  in  the  time  of 
 the  Civil  Wars,  and  had  the  reputation  of  a  wife  and  poli- 
 tick People  :  They  divided  from  the  Prefbyterians  upon  TheirVRife 
 the  foot  of  Difcipline,  and  fought  in  the  Parliament's  and  refolutc 
 quarrel,  not  fo  much  for  hire  and  reward,  as  from  real  be-  thrt/'the 
 lief  that  it  was  "  the  caufe  of  God  ;"  this  infpired  War. 
 their  Soldiers  with  courage,  and  made  them  face  death 
 with  undaunted  bravery,  in  fo  much  that  when  the  Army 
 was  new  modelled,  and  filled  up  with  Men  of  this  Princi- 
 ple, they  carried  all  bofore  them.  When  the  War  was 
 over  they  boldly  feized  the  Perfon  of  the  King,  and  treat- 
 ed him  with  honour  till  they  found  him  unfteady  to  his  pro- 
 mifes  of  "  a  Toleration  of  their  Religion,"  and  then  they 
 became  his  mod  determined  enemies  ;  when  they  were  af- 
 fured  afterwards  by  the  Treaty  of  the  Ifle  of  Wight,  that 
 they  were  to  be  crufhed  between  both  parties,  and  to 
 lbfe  their  religious  Liberty,  for  which  they  had  been  fight* 
 ting,  they  tore  up  the  Government  by  the  roots,  and  fub- 
 verted  the  whole  Conftitution  .After  the  King's  death  they 
 affumed  the  chief  management  of  publick  affairs,  and  would 
 not  part  with- it  on  any  terms,  left  they  fliould  be  difbanded 
 and  called  to  account  by  a  parliamentary  Power,and  therefore 
 they  could  never  come  to  a  fettlement,  tho'  they  attempt- 
 ed it  under  feveral  forms :  The  firft  was  an  abfolute  Com- 
 monwealth, as  mod  agreeable  to  their  principles,  but  when 
 the  Commonwealth  began  to  ciip  their  wings,  they  difpof- 
 ftffed  them,  and  let  up  their  own  General  with  the  Title  of 
 Protecfor,  who  had  flcill  enough  to  keep  them  in  awe,  tho' 
 they  were  continually  plotting  againft  the  Government. 
 After  his  death  they  dilpoffeffed  his  Son,  and  reftored  the 
 Commonwealth.  When  thefe  again  attempted  to  diuband 
 them,  they  turned  them  out  a  fecond  time,  and  fet  up 
 themfelves  under  the  Title  of  a  Committee  of  Safety  ;  but 
 they  vvanted  Oliver's  Plead,  their  new  General,  Fleetwood, 
 having  neither  courage  nor  policy  enough  to  make  them  ce- 
 ment. Thus  they  crumbled  into  factions,  and  their  wanton 
 fporting  with  the  fupreme  Power,  made  the  Nation  lick  of 
 the  times,  ana*  give  way  to  the  return  of  the  old  Confti- 
 tution. 
 
 The  Officers  were  made  up  of  Independants  and  Ana-  \nrj  of  the 
 baptifts,  moil  of  them  of  mean  extraction,  and   far  from  Officer* 
 being  as    able  Statefmen  as  they  had  been  fortunate   Soldi-  the  Aid- 
 ers ;  they  were  brave  and  refolute  Men,  who  had  the  caufe 
 of  Religion  and  Liberty  at  heart,  but  they  neglected  the 
 
 'old 
 
2o6  The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y        Vol.  IV. 
 
 Inter-  0\d  Nobility  and  Gentry,  fo  that  when  they  fell  to  pieces 
 'leq™*  there  was  hardly  a  Gentleman  of  fortune  or  intereft  in  his 
 y__  • ,  j  Country  that  would  (land  by  them.  As  to  their  moral 
 Character,  they  feem  to  have  been  Men  of  piety  and  pray- 
 er ;  they  called  God  into  all  their  Councils,  but  were  too 
 much  governed  by  the  falfe  notions  they  had  imbibed,  and 
 the  enthufiaftick  impulfes  of  their  own  minds.  I  don't  find 
 that  they  confulted  any  number  of  their  Clergy,  tho*  ma- 
 ny of  the  Independant  Minifters  were  among  the  moft 
 learned  and  pious  Preachers  of  the  times,  as  Dr.  Goodwin, 
 Owen,  Nye,  and  Greenhill,  &c.  fome  of  whom  had  no 
 fmall  reputation  for  politicks ;  but  their  pulling  down  fo 
 many  forms  of  Government,  without  abiding  by  any  one, 
 was  certainly  their  ruin.  Thus  as  the  Army  and  Indepen- 
 dants  over-reached  the  Preibyterians  in  1648.  thePrefby- 
 terians,  in  conjunction  with  the  Scots,  blew  up  thelndepen- 
 dants  at  this  time,  and  next  year  the  Epifcopal  party,  by  an 
 artful  management  of  the  credulous  Preibyterians,  under- 
 mined and  deceived  them  both. 
 Death  of  This  year  died  Dr.  Ralph  Brownrigge,  Bimop  of  Exeter, 
 
 BiQ»op         bom  at  Ipfwich  in  the  year  1592.  educated  in  Pembrook 
 
 Brownrigge.  Hz]^    Cambridge)    and  at  length    chofen  Mafter  of  Kathe_ 
 
 rine  Hall  in  that  Univerhty.  He  was  alfo  Prebendary  of 
 Durham,  and  Rector  of  Barly  in  Hertfordfhire.  In  the 
 year  1641.  he  was  nominated  to  the  See  of  Exeter,  and 
 inftalled  June  1,  1642.  but  the  Wars  between  the  King 
 and  Parliament  did  not  allow  him  the  enjoyment  of  his  dig- 
 nity. He  was  nominated  one  of  the  AiTcmbly  of  Divines ; 
 and  was  Vice-Chancellor  of  the  Univerfity  of  Cambridge 
 in  the  year  1644.  when  the  Earl  of  Manchefler  vifited  it, 
 and  complied  to  far  as  to  keep  his  Maflerfhip  till  the  next 
 year,  when  he  was  deprived  for  a  Sermon  preached  upon 
 the  Anniverfary  of  his  Majefty's  Inauguration.  He  was  no 
 favourer  of  Archbifhop  Laud's  innovations  ;  for  while  he 
 Life  of  Bar-  was  Vice-Chancellor  he  fent  for  one  of  Mr.  Barwick's  Pu- 
 wkk,  p.  17.  pils,  and  faid  to  him,  **  I  wonder  your  Tutor,  no  ill  Man  in 
 "  other  refpe£b,  does  not  yet  abflain  from  that  form  of 
 "  worfhip  [bowing  towards  the  Eait]  which  he  knows  is 
 "  difagreeable  to  our  excellent  Parliament,  and  not  very 
 **  acceptable  to  God  himfelf ;  but  be  you  careful  to  {leer 
 «c  your  courfe  clear  of  the  dangerous  rock  of  every  error, 
 *f  whether  it  favour  of  the  impiety  of  Arminianifm,  or  of  the 
 !*  fuperftition  of  Popery."  He  was  fucceeded  by  Dr.  Spur- 
 flow,  and  fuffered  in  common  with  the  reft  of  the  Bi- 
 ihops ;  but  being  a  Calvinift,  and  a  perfon  of  great  tem- 
 per 
 
Chap.  IV.        of  the  P  u  r  i  t  a  n  s. 
 
 per  and  moderation,  he  was  permitted  by  the  Protector 
 Cromwel  to  be  a  Preacher  at  the  Temple,  in  which  em- 
 ployment he  died,  Dec.  7,  1 659.  about  the  fixty  feventh 
 year  of  his  age.  Dr.  Gauden  fays,  he  was  a  perfon  of 
 great  candor,  fweetnefs,  gravity,  and  folidity  of  judgment. 
 He  was  confulted  by  Mr.  Baxter,  and  others,  in  feveral 
 points  of  controverfy,  and  was  indeed  a  moft  humble  Chri- 
 ftian,  and  very  patient  under  moft  fevere  fits  of  the  Stone, 
 which  were  very  acute  and  tedious  for  fome  time  before  his 
 death. 
 
 The  Reverend  Mr.  Charles  Herle,  fometime  Prolocutor  Of  Mr. 
 of  the  Affembly  of  Divines  at  Wellminfter,  was  born  of  Herle* 
 honourable  Parents  at  Prideaux  Herle,  near  Lyftwithyel  in 
 Cornwall,  in  the  year,   1598.     He  was  educated  in  Exeter 
 College,  Oxon.     In  the  year  161 8.    he  took  the  degrees 
 in  Arts,  and  was  afterwards  Rector  of  Winnick  in  Lanca- 
 shire, one  of  the  richeft  Livings  in  England,  and  was  al- 
 ways efteemed  a  Puritan.     When  the  Wars  broke  out   he 
 took  part  with  the  Parliament,    was  elected  one  of  the 
 Members  of  the  Affembly  of  Divines,  and  upon  the  death 
 of  Dr.  TwifTe,  in  1646.  was  appointed  Prolocutor.     After 
 the  King's  death  he  retired  to  his  Livings  at  Winnick,  and 
 was  in  very  high  efteem  with  all  the  Clergy  in  that  Coun- 
 try.    In  the   year  1654.  he  was  appointed  one   of  the  af- 
 fiftant  CommilTioners  for  ejecting  fcandalous  Minifters,  to- 
 gether with  Mr.  Ifaac  Ambrofe   and  Mr.  Gee.     He  was  a 
 moderate   Prefbyterian,    and  left  behind  him  fome  practi- 
 cal, and   controverfial  writings.     Mr.  Fuller  fays,  he   was  Fuller's 
 fo  much  of  a  Chriftian,  Scholar,  and  Gentleman,  that  he  Withies, 
 could   agree  in  affection  with  thofe  who  differed  from  him  p"  ao** 
 in  judgment.     He  died  at  his  Parfonage  at  Winnick  in  the 
 fixty  firft  year  of  his  age,  and  was  buried  in  his  own  Church, 
 Sept.  29,   1659. 
 
 The  Reverend  Mr.  Tho.  Cawton,  born  at  Rainham  in  Mi.Tho. 
 Norfolk,  and  educated  in  Queen's  College,  Cambridge  ;  he  Cawton- 
 was  afterwards  Minifter  of  Wivenhoe  in  ElTex,  1637.  and 
 at  laft  of  St.  Bartholomew  behind  the  Exchange.  He  was 
 (fays  the  Oxford  Hiftorian)  a  learned  and  religious  Puritan, 
 driven  into  exile  for  preaching  againir.  the  murder  of  King 
 Charles  I.  and  for  bein«;  in  the  fame  plot  with  Mr.  Love, 
 for  railing  Money  to  fupply  the  Army  of  King  Charles  II. 
 when  he  was  coming  into  England  to  recover  his  right. 
 He  fled  to  Rotterdam,  and  became  Preacher  to  the  Englifh 
 Church  there,  where  he  died,  Aug.  7,  1659.  in  the  fifty 
 fourth  year  of  his  age. 
 
 The 
 
203 
 
 King 
 
 Charles  II. 
 
 1660 
 
 The  Refto- 
 rati.  n  <-f 
 King 
 Charles  II. 
 
 Presbyteri- 
 ans in  full 
 Power. 
 
 Baxter  p. 
 aif,  218. 
 Hilt. 
 Stuarts,  p. 
 
 45*- 
 
 K.  Chr.  p. 
 
 121, 144. 
 
 Baxter's 
 
 Life, 
 
 Part  II. 
 
 p.  117. 
 
 The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y        Vol.  IV. 
 
 The  new  year  began  with  the  Restoration  of  King  Char- 
 les II.  to  the  Throne  of  his  Anceftors.  The  Long  Parlia- 
 ment diflblved  themfelves  March  16,  and  while  the  People 
 were  bufy  in  choofing  a  new  one,  General  Monk  was  court- 
 ed by  all  parties.  The  Republicans  endeavoured  to  fix  him 
 for  a  Commonwealth  ;  the  French  Ambafiador  offered  him 
 the  aiTiitance  of  France,  if  he  would  affume  the  Government 
 either  as  the  King  or  Protector,  which  'tis  faid  he  would 
 have  accepted,  if  Sir  Anthony  Afhley  Cooper  had  not  pre- 
 vented it,  by  fummoning  him  before  the  Council,  and  keep- 
 ing the  doors  locked  till  he  had  taken  away  the  CommiiTi- 
 ons  from  fome  of  his  mod  trufty  Officers,  and  given  them 
 to  others  of  the  Council's  nomination.  But  be  this  as  it 
 will,  'tis  certain  Monk  had  not  as  yet  given  the  King  any 
 encouragement  to  rely  upon  him,  though  his  Majefty  had 
 fent  him  a  Letter  as  long  ago  as  July  21,  1659.  by  an  ex- 
 prefs  Meffenger,  with  the  largeft  offers  of  reward. 
 
 The  Prefbyterians  were  now  in  pofTeiTion  of  the  whole 
 Power  of  England  ;  the  Council  of  State,  the  chief  Officers 
 of  the  Army  and  Navy,  and  the  Governors  of  the  chief 
 Forts  and  Garrifons  were  theirs ;  their  Clergy  were  in  Pof- 
 felTon  of  both  Univerfities,  and  of  the  bed:  Livings  in  the 
 Kingdom.  There  was  hardly  a  Loyalift,  or  profeffed  Epif- 
 copalian,  in  any  pofl  of  honour  or  trull ;  nor  had  the  King 
 any  number  of  friends  capable  of  promoting  his  Reftorati- 
 on,  for  there  was  a  difabling  claufe  in  the  Qualification 
 A6t,  "  that  all  who  had  been  in  Arms  againft  the  Long 
 "  Parliament  mould  be  difqualified  from  ferving  in  the 
 "  next."  The  whole  Government  therefore  was  with  the 
 Prefbvterians,  who  were  lhy  of  the  Independants  as  of  a 
 body  of  Men  more  dillant  from  the  Church,  and  more  in- 
 clined to  a  Commonwealth.  They  were  no  lefs  watchful 
 to  keep  out  of  Parliament  rhe  Republicans  of  all  forts, 
 fome  of  whom,  fays  Burnet,  lun  about  every  where  like 
 Men  that  were  giddy  or  amazed,  but  their  time  was  pail. 
 On  the  other  hand  they  fecretly  courted  the  Epifcopalians, 
 who  difperfed  papers  among  the  People,  protefling  their 
 resolutions  to  forget  ail  paft  injuries,  and  to  bury  all 
 Rancor,  Malice,  and  Animofities,  under  the  foundati- 
 on of  his  Majefty's  Reftoration.  "  We  reflect  (  fay 
 "  they)  upon  our  Sufferings  as  from  the  Hand  of  God, 
 "  and  therefore  do  not  cherifh  any  violent  thoughts  or 
 "  inclinations  againft  any  perfons  whatfoever  who  have 
 fi  been  inftrumental  in  them  ;  and  if  the  indifcretion  of  any 
 
 *<  particular 
 
Chap.  IV.        of  the  Purita  n  s.  209 
 
 "  particular  Perfons    fhall   tranfport  them    to  Expreffions     Kin? 
 "  contrary  to   this  general  Senfe,   we  fhall  difclaim  them."    ' /^    ' 
 This  was  figned  by   eighteen  Noblemen,  and  about  fifty  ■_  -  — ^j 
 Knights  and  Gentlemen.     Dr.  Morley  and  Tome  of  his  Bre- 
 thren met   privately   with  the    Prefbyterian    Minifters,  and 
 made  large  Profeflions  of  Lenity  and  Moderation,  but  with- 
 out defcending  to  Particulars.     The   King  and    Chancellor 
 Hyde  carried  on  the  Intrigue.     The   Chancellor,  in  one  of 
 his  Letters  from   Breda,  dated   April  20,   1660,  fays,  that 
 "  the  King  very  well  approved  that  Dr.  Morley  and  fome  Life  of 
 "  of  his  Brethren,  fhould  enter  into  conferences,  and  have  Bar-wick,  p. 
 "  frequent  converfation  with  the  Prefbyterian   Farty,  in  or-  253' 
 "  der  to  reduce  them  to  fuch  a  Temper  as  is  confident  with 
 "  the  good  of  the  Church  ;  and  it  may  be  no  ill  expedient 
 "  (fays  he)  to  affure  them  of  prefent  good  preferments ;  but 
 "  in  my  opinion  you  fhould  rather  endeavour    to  win  over 
 "  thofe  who  being  recovered,  will   both  have   reputation, 
 "  and  defire  to  merit  from    the  Church,    than  be  over  foli- 
 "  citous  to  comply   with    the  pride   and   pafTion  of  thofe 
 "  who  propofe  extravagant  Things."     Such  was  the  Spirit 
 of  the   Church  Party,  who   were  decoying  the  others  into 
 the  fnare  !  The  Preibyterian   Minifters    did   not  want  for 
 Cautions  from  the    Independants  and  others,  not  to  be  too 
 forward  in  trufling  their  new  Allies,  but  they  would  neither 
 hear  nor  fee,    nor  believe,  till  it  was  too  late.     They  valued 
 themfelves  upon  their  fuperior  influence,  and  from  an  am- 
 bitious defire  of  grafping  all  the  Merit  and  Glory  of  the  Re- 
 fcoration  to  themfelves,  they  would  fuffer  none  to  act  open- 
 ly with  them,  but  defired  the  Epifcopal  Clergy  to  lie  ftill  for 
 fear  of  the  People,   and    leave  the  conducting  of  this  great 
 affair  to  the  Hands  it  was  in. 
 
 Accordingly  the  Prefbyterian  Minifters  writ  to  their  friends 
 in  the  feveral  Counties,  to  be  careful  that  Men  of  Repub- 
 lican Principles  might  not  be  returned  to  ferve  in  the  next 
 Parliament,  fo  that  in  fome  Counties  the  Elections  fell  upon 
 Men  that  had  no  Religion.  And  in  other  places  the  People 
 broke  through  the  difabling  Claufe.  Dr.  Barwick  fays,  they 
 paid  no  regard  to  it  ;  and  Monk  declared,  that  if  the  Peo- 
 ple made  ufe  of  their  natural  Rights  in  choofing  whom 
 they  thought  fit,  without  referve,  no  injury  fhould  be  done 
 them.  So  that  when  the  Houfes  met  it  was  evident  to  all  Te,.'m"on 
 tvife  Men  it   would  be  a  Court  Parliament.  Scots  and 
 
 But  the   Scots   were  more  fleady  to  the  Covenant,  and  Ertgiifh 
 
 fent  over  the  Reverend  Mr.  James  Sharp,  with  the  Earls  of  P»-«%teii- 
 
 Crawford    and  Lauderdale   to  Holland,  humbly,  to  put  his  *"ft^'the 
 
 Vol.  IV.  O  MaieftyEng.  ' 
 
210  The    HISTORY  Vol.  IV. 
 
 Majefty  in  mind,  that  the  Kirk  of  Scotland  expe&ed  pro- 
 tection   upon     the    Foot     of    the  Prefbyterian    Eftabhfh- 
 
 ment,   without  Indulgence  to  Sectaries.     Their  Brethren  in 
 K*(bion.    the  North  of  Ireland  joined  in  an  Addrefs  to  the  fame  pur- 
 
 ftWoV.0"  ^°^c  :  ^n^  *onie  °^  t'lc  ^nSnm  Prefbyterians  were  of  the 
 fame  Mind  ;  ten  of  whom  met  the  Scots  CommiiTioners  at 
 London,  and  made  earned:  applications  to  the  General  not 
 to  reftore  the  King  but  upon  the  Concefiions  made  by   his 
 Father  in  the  Ifle  of  Wight.     But  this   was  only  the  Refo- 
 lution  of  a  few,  the  Majority  (fays  Mr.  Sharp)  were  for  mo- 
 derate Epifcopacy,  upon  the  Scheme  of  Archbifhop  Ufher, 
 and  therefore  willing  to  hearken  to  an  Accommodation  with 
 Life,  p.        the    Church.     Dr.    Barwick  adds,  "  What  the  Prefbyteri- 
 "  ans  aimed    at,  who   were  now  fuperior  to  the  Indepen- 
 **  dants,  was,  that  all  Matters  mould  be  fettled  according 
 "  to  the  Treaty  of  the    Ifle   of  Wight,"  which  gave   the 
 Court  a  fair  opportunity  of  referring  all  Church  Matters  to 
 a  conciliatory  Synod,  the  Divines  of  each  Party  to  be  fum- 
 moned  when  the    King  fhould    be  fettled  on  his  Throne. 
 This  was  the  Bait  that   was  laid  for  the  Prefbyterian s,  and 
 was  the  ruin  of  their  Caufe.  The   Scots  Kirk  flood   to  their 
 Principles,  and   would  have  bid  defiance  to  the  old  Clergy, 
 but  Mr.  Calamy,  Manton,  and  Afh,  informed  them  in  the 
 Name   of  the   London  Minilters,  that  the  general  Stream 
 K-  Chron.  p.  and.  Current  being  for  the    old   Prelacy  in    its   pomp  and 
 Height,  it  was  in  vain  to  hope  for  the  eftablifhing  Prefbyte- 
 rv,  which  made  them  lay  aiide  the  Thoughts  of  it,  and  fly 
 to  Bifhop  Ufher's  moderate  Epifcopacy.     Thus   they  were 
 beat  from  their  fir  ft  Works. 
 Remarks.  But  ^  tne  Tide  was  fo  ftrong  againft  them,  fhould  they 
 
 have  opened  the  Sluices,  and  let  in  the  Enemy  at  once, 
 without  a  Tingle  Article  of  Capitulation  ?  'Tis  hard  to  ac- 
 count for  this  conduct  of  the  Prelbyterians  without  im- 
 peaching their  Underflandings.  Indeed  the  Epifcopal  Cler- 
 gy gave  them  good  Words,  alluring  them,  that  all  things 
 Jhould  be  to  their  Minds  when  the  King  came  home;  and 
 that  their  relying  on  the  Royal  Word  would  be  a  mark  of 
 Confidence  which  his  Majefty  would  always  remember,  and 
 would  do  honour  to  the  King,  who  had  been  folong  neglec- 
 ted. But  fhould  this  have  induced  the  Minifters  to  give  up 
 a  Caufe  that  had  colt  fo  much  Treafure  and  Blood,  and  be- 
 come humble  Petitioners  to  thofe  who  were  now  almoft  at 
 their  Mercy  ?  For  they  could  not  but  be  fenfible,  that  the 
 old  Conflitution  muft  return  with  the  King  ;  that  Diocefan 
 Epifcopacy  was  the  only  legal  Eftablifhment  j  that  all  that 
 
 had 
 
Chap.  IV.       of  the  P  u  R  i  T  a  n  s.  211 
 
 had  been  done  in  favour   of  Prefbytery  not  having  had  the       King 
 Royal   AfTent,  was   void  in  Law,    therefore  they  and  their      "^  ll' 
 Friends  who  had  not  Epifcopal  Ordination  and  Induction  in-  ^_       _  ^ 
 to  their  Livings  mull  be  looked  upon  as  Intruders,   and  not 
 legal  Minifters  of  the  Church  of  England. 
 
 But  notwithstanding  this  Infatuation,  and  vain  Confidence  Of  their 
 in  the  Court,  and  the  Clergy,  Mr.  Eachard  would  fet  afide  Vd'nEx- 
 all  their  Merit,  by  faying,  "  Whatever  the  Presbyterians  frot^  t'^s 
 "  did  in  this  Affair  was  principally  to  relieve  themfelves  Court. 
 "  from  the  OppreiTion  of  the  Independants,  who  had  wref- 
 •'  ted  the  power  out  of  their  Hands,  and  not  out  of  any  af- 
 "  fection  to  the  King  and  Church."  Dire&ly  contrary  to  his 
 Majeffy's  Declaration  concerning  ecclefiaftical  Affairs, 
 which  fays,  "  When  we  were  in  Holland  we  were  attend- 
 "  ed  with  many  grave  and  learned  Minifters  of  the  Presby- 
 "  terian  Perfuafion,  whom  to  our  great  Satisfaction  and 
 tl  Comfort  we  found  to  be  full  of  affection  to  us,  of  Zeal 
 *'  for  the  Peace  of  the  Church  and  State,  and  neither  Ene- 
 "  mies  (as  they  have  been  given  out  to  be)  to  Epifcopacy  or 
 "  Liturgy."  Bifhop  Burnet  acknowledges,  that  many  of  ?•&>  »7^. 
 the  Presbyterian  Minifters,  chiefly  in  the  City  of  London, 
 had  gone  into  the  Defign  of  the  Reftoration  in  fo  fignal  a 
 Manner,  and  with  fuch  Succefs,  that  they  had  great  Merit, 
 and  a  jufl:  Title  to  very  high  Preferments.  Mr.  Baxter 
 gives  the  following  Reafons  of  their  Conduct.  "The 
 "  Presbyterians  (fays  he)  were  influenced  by  the  Covenant,  p.  216". 
 "  by  which,  and  by  the  Oaths  of  Allegiance  to  the  King, 
 "  and  his  Heirs,  they  apprehended  themfelves  bound  to  do 
 "  their  utmoft  to  reftore  the  King,  let  the  event  be  what  it 
 "  will."  But  then  he  adds,  "  moil  of  them  had  great 
 '*  expectations  of  Favour  and  Refpect;  and  becaufe  the 
 "  King  had  taken  the  Covenant,  they  hoped  he  would  re- 
 ft  move  Subfcriptions,  and  leave  the  Common-Prayer  and 
 "  Ceremonies  indifferent ;  that  they  might  not  be  caff  out 
 "  of  the  Churches.  Some  who  were  lels  fanguine  depend- 
 "  ed  on  fuch  a  Liberty  as  the  Proteffants  had  in  France  ; 
 "  but  others,  who  were  better  acquainted  with  the  Princi- 
 "  pie?  and  Tempers  of  the  Prelates,  declared,  that  they 
 "  expected  to  be  fdenced,  imprifoned,  and  banifhed,  but 
 "  yet  they  would  do  their  Parts  to  reftore  the  King,  be- 
 "  caufe  no  forafeen  ill  confequence  ought  to  hinder  them 
 "  from  doing  their  Duty."  Surely  theie-wcre  better  Chri- 
 ftians  than  Cafuifts  !  When  the  Miniffers  waited  on  his 
 Majefty  in    Holland,  lit  gave  them  fuch  encouraging  pro- 
 
 O   2  miles 
 
2i2  The    HISTORY  Vol.  IV. 
 
 mifes  (lays  Mr.  Baxter)  as  raifed    in  fome  of  them  high  ex- 
 peditions.    When  he  came   to  Whitehall  he  made  ten  of 
 them   his   Chaplains  ;  and    when   he  went   to  the  Houfe  to 
 quicken  the  parting  the  A6t  of   Indemnity,  he   faid,  "  My 
 "   Lords,  if  you  do  not  join  with   me  in  extinguifhing  this 
 "  fear,  which   keeps  the   hearts   of  Men  awake,  you  keep 
 "   me  from    performing  my   promife,  which  if  I    had  not 
 "  made,  neither  I  nor  you  had  been   now  here.     I  pray  let 
 '■*   us  not  deceive   thole  who  brought,   or    permitted  us  to 
 "  come  together."     Here  is  a  Royal  Declaration,  and  yet 
 all  came  to  nothing.     The  Reader  will  judge  hereafter  who 
 were  moll   to  blame,    the    Epifcopal   Party,     for  breaking 
 through  fo  many   folenin    vows  and    proteftations ;  or  the 
 Presbyterians,  for  bringing  in  the  King  without  a  previous 
 Treaty,  and  fruiting  a  fet  of  Men,  whom  they  knew  to  be 
 their  implacable  enemies.     I  can  think  of  no  decent  excufe 
 for  the  former  ;  and   the   heft  apology  that  can  be  made  for 
 the  latter   is,   that  moil   of  them   lived  long  enough  to  fee 
 their  error,   and  to  repent  heartily  of  it. 
 G.  Monk  In  the  interval  between  the  DiiTolution  of  the  long  Parlia- 
 
 ?°nds  ment,  and  the   meeting   of  the  Convention  which  brought 
 Kj ' "_  L     '  in  the  King,  General  Monk  feeing  which  way  things  were 
 Lurnet,  p.     likely  to  go,  fell  in  with    the  Stream,   and  ventur'd  to  cor- 
 78, 79.        refpond  more  freely  with  the  King  by  Sir  J.  Greenville,  who 
 brought  the   General  a  Letter,  and  was  fent  back  with   an 
 afTurauce  that  he  would  ferve  his  Majefty  in  the  befc  manner 
 he  could.     He  defired   the  King  to  remove  out  of  the  Spa- 
 nifh   Dominions,   and  promifed,  that    if  his   Majeity  writ 
 Letters   to  the  Parliament,    he   would   deliver  them  at  the 
 opening  of  the  Setfions.     Bifhop   Burnet  fays,  that  he  had 
 like  to  have  let  the  honour  flip  through  his  Fingers,    and  that 
 a  very  fmall  fhare  of  it  really  belonged  to  him. 
 Convention       The  Convention  met  April  25,   the  Earl  of  Manchefter 
 Pa.ii.mcnt    being  chofen  Speaker  of  the  Houfe  of  Lords,  and  Sir  Har- 
 .  bottle  Grimfione   of  the   Commons.     At  the  opening  the 
 Seflions  Dr.  Reynolds  preached  before   the    Houfes.     April 
 30,  was  appointed  for  a  Fall,  when  Dr.  Reynolds  and  Mr. 
 Hardy   preached  before  the  Lords,  and  Dr.  Gauden,  Mr. 
 Calamy  and   Baxter  before  the  Commons ;  all  but  Gauden 
 of  the    Presbyterian  Party.     Lord     Clarendon    fays,    the 
 Presbyterian    Party   in    the  Houfe  \vi:Ye  rather  troublefome 
 than  powerful  ;  hut  others   with  greater  probability  affirm, 
 that  the  body  of  the  Commons  were  at  fir  ft  of  that  party. 
 Next  d?.y  after  the  Faft,   the  King,  by  the  advice  of  the 
 
 General, 
 
Chap.    IV.       of  the  P  u  r  i  t  a  n  s.  213 
 
 General,  having  removed  privately  to  Breda,  and  writ  Let-  p!p|*S 
 ters  to  both  riouies  ;  the  General  flood  up  and  acquainted 
 the  Speaker,  that  one  Sir  J.  Greenville  had  brought  him  a 
 Letter  from  the  King,  but  that  he  had  not  prefurned  to  open 
 it  ;  and  that  the  fame  Gentleman  attended  at  the  door  with 
 another  to  the  Ploufe.  bir  jchn  was  immediately  called  in, 
 and  having  delivered  his  Letter  at  the  Bar  withdrew,  and 
 carried  another  to  the  Lords.  The  Letter  contained  an 
 earneft  invitation  to  the  Commons  to  return  to  their  duty,  as 
 the  only  way  to  a  fettled  Peace  ;  his  Majefty  promifvng  an 
 Act  of  Oblivion  for  what  was  part,  and  all  the  fecurity  they 
 could  defire  for  their  Liberties  and  Properties,  and  the 
 Rights  of  Parliament  for  the  future. 
 
 Under  the  fame  cover  was  encloled  his  Majefty's  Decla-  Kind's  De- 
 ration from  Breda,  granting  "  a  general  Pardon  to  all  his  tl.0m  Breda. 
 "  loving  Subjects  who  fhould  lay  hold  of  it  within  forty 
 "  days,  except  fuch  as  fhould  be  excepted  by  Parliament. 
 "  Thofe  only  excepted  (fays  he)  let  all  our  Subjects,  how 
 "  faulty  foever,  rely  upon  the  word  of  a  King  folemnly 
 "  given,  that  no  crime  committed  againft  us,  or  our  Royal 
 '*  Father,  fhall  ever  be  brought  into  queftion  to  the  preju- 
 "  dice  of  their  Lives,  Eflates,  or  Reputation.  We  do  alio 
 "  declare  a  Liberty  to  tender  Conferences,  and  that  no 
 "  Man  fhall  be  difquieted  or  called  in  queftion  for  differen- 
 "  ces  of  opinion  in  Matters  of  Religion,  which  do  not  di- 
 "  fturb  the  Peace  of  the  Kingdom.  And  we  fhall  be 
 "  ready  to  confent  to  fuch  an  Act  of  Parliament  as  upon 
 <c  mature  Deliberation    fliall    be  offered   to  us  for  the  full 
 
 "  granting  that   indulgence" Upon  reading  thefe  Let-  Parliament 
 
 ters  the  Commons  voted,   that  according  to  the  antient  con-  Klng  home 
 ftitution,   the  Government  of  this  Kingdom  is,  and  ought  without  any 
 to  be,    by  King,   Lords,  and  Commons ;  and  a  Committee  Teit»s' 
 was  appointed  to  draw  up  a  dutiful  Letter,  inviting  his  Ma- 
 jefty to  return  to  his  Dominions :  Money  was   voted  to  de- 
 fray the  King's  expences  ;  a  deputation  of  Lords  and  Com- 
 mons was  fent  to  attend  his  Majefty;    and  the  Fleet  was  or- 
 dered to  convoy   him  home.     Sir   Matthew  Hale  moved, 
 that  a  Committee  might   be  appointed  to  review  the  propo- 
 fitions  of  the  Ille  of  Wight,  and  was  feconded  in  rheMoii- 
 on  ;  but  Monk,  who  was  prepared  for  fuch  a  Motion,  flood 
 up  and  faid,  "  The  Nation  was  now  quiet,    but  there  were  Burnet. 
 "  many  incendiaries  upon    the  watch,    trying  where  they 
 "  could  firft  raife  a  Flame  ;  that  he  could  not  anfwer  for 
 f  the  peace  of  the  Kingdom  or  Army,  if   any  delays  were 
 O  3  «*  put 
 
2i4  The  HISTORY  Vol.  IV. 
 
 put  to  the  fending  for  the  King.  What  need  is  there  of 
 it  (fays  he)  when  he  is  to  bring  neither  Arms  nor  Trea- 
 fure  along  with  him."  He  then  added,  "  That  he  mould 
 lay  the  blame  of  all  the  Blood  and  Mifchief  that  might 
 "  tollow,  on  the  heads  of  thole  who  fnould  ihfift  upon  any 
 "  Motion  that  might  retard  the  prefent  fettlement  of  the 
 "  Nation."  Which  frightened  the  Houfe  into  a  Compli- 
 ance. And  this  is  all  the  fervice  General  Monk  did  towards 
 the  King's  Reitoration,  for  which  he  was  rewarded  with  a 
 Garter,  a  Dukedom,  a  great  Eftate  in  Land,  and  with 
 one  of  the  higheft  Polls  of  Honour  and  Profit  in  the  King- 
 dom. 
 Owin;;  in  Thus  was  the  King  voted  home  in  a  hurry,  which  was 
 
 pjrtioLil.     owing  to  the  Mattering  accounts  Lord  Clarendon  gave  in  his. 
 Clarendon.    ]\clters  0f  the    King's  good   Nature,  Virtue,    Probity,  and 
 85.     '         application  to  Bufinefs,  for  when  the  Earl  of  Southampton 
 faw  afterwards   what   the  King  was  like  to  prove,    he  faid 
 once   in   great  wrath  to  the  Chancellor,  "  That  it  was  to 
 "  him  they  owed  all  they   either  felt  or  feared  ;  for  if  he 
 *'  had  not  poflefTed   them  in    all   his  Letters  with  fuch  an 
 "  opinion  of  the  King,  they  would  have  taken  care  to  have 
 "  put  it  out  of  his  power  either  to  do  himfelf  or  them  any 
 "  mifchief,  which   was  like  to  be  the  effecl:  of  their  truft- 
 "  ing  him  fo  entirely."     To  which  Hyde  anfwered,  that 
 "  he  thought    the   King  had  fo    true   a  judgment,  and  fo 
 "  much  good  nature,  that  when  the  age  of  pleafure  mould 
 "  be  over,  and  the  idlenefs  of  his   exile,  which  made  him 
 "  feek  new  diverfions,  for  want  of  other  employment,  was 
 "  turned  to  an  obligation    to  mind  affairs,   then  he  would 
 "  have   fhaken  off  thefe  entanglements."     But  here  the 
 Chancellor  was  miftaken. 
 ADeputati-       When  the    Lords    and  Commons  fent  over  a  Deputation 
 and°Coin-S  t0  tne  King  at  Breda,  the  London  Minifters  moved,  that  a 
 mons,  with  pafs  might  be   granted   to  fome   of  their  number,  to  wait 
 feme  Mmi-   Up0n  his  Majefty  with  an  Addrefs  from  their  Brethren  ;  ac- 
 the  King,     cordingly  Dr.  Reynolds,   Dr.  Spurftow,  Mr.  Calamy,  Mr. 
 Hall,  Mr.    Manton,   and  Mr.  Cafe,    were  appointed,  who 
 went  over  with  three  or  four    attendants,   and  had  an  audi- 
 ence May    17,   wherein,    according    to    Lord  Clarendon, 
 ah"  ^fS  h  "  tney  magnified    their   own,  and  the  affection   of    their 
 Reception,    "  Friends,  who  had  always  wifhed  his  Majefty's  Reftorati- 
 K.  i 'hron.     "  on,  according  to  the  Covenant,   and  had  lately  informed 
 p-^'S0-        «'  the   people  of  their  duty  to  invite   him  home.     They 
 H^Lp." 247.  "  thanked  God  for  his  Majefty's   Conftancy  to  the  Prote- 
 "  ftant  Religion,  and  declared  themfelves  no  Enemies  to 
 
 "  moderate 
 
Chap.  IV.         of  the  P  u  R  I  T  a  N  s.  215 
 
 '*  moderate  Epifcopacy,  only  they  defired  that  fuch  things  King 
 "  might  not  be  prefled  upon  them  in  God's  Worfhip  which  CJlar,es  If- 
 •*  in  their  judgments  that  ufed  them  were  indifferent,  but  '  °'  . 
 "  by  others  were  held  to  be  unlawful."  But  the  Tables 
 were  now  turned  :  The  King  fpoke  kindly  to  them,  and 
 acknowledged  their  Services,  but  told  them,  he  would  refer 
 all  to  the  Wifdom  of  the  Parliament.  At  another  audi-  K.  Chron. 
 ence  (if  we  may  believe  the  noble  Hiftoriari)  they  met  with  P-  'S1- 
 very  different  ufage  ;  for  when  they  entreated  his  Majefty 
 at  his  firft  landing  not  to  ufe  the  Book  of  Common-Prayer 
 entire  and  formally  in  his  Chapel,  it  having  been  long  laid 
 afide,  the  King  replied  with  fome  warmth,  "  That  while 
 "  he  gave  them  Liberty  he  would  not  have  his  own  taken 
 **  away.  That  he  had  always  ufed  that  form  of  Service 
 "  which  he  thought  the  bed:  in  the  World,  and  had  never 
 *?  discontinued  it  in  places  where  it  was  more  difliked,  than 
 "  he  hoped  it  was  by  them.  That  when  he  came  into 
 *'  England  he  fhould  not  feverely  enquire  how  it  was  ufed 
 *'  in  other  Churches,  but  he  would  have  no  other  ufed  in 
 *'  his  own  Chapel."  They  then  befought  him  with  more 
 importunity,  that  the  ufe  of  the  Surplice  might  be  discon- 
 tinued by  his  Chaplains,  becaufe  it  would  give  offence  ;  but 
 the  King  was  as  inexorable  in  that  point  as  the  other,  and 
 told  them,  that  it  was  a  decent  habit,  and  had  been  long 
 ufed  in  the  Church  ;  that  it  had  been  hall  retained  by  him, 
 and  that  he  would  never  difcountenance  that  good  old  Prac- 
 tice of  the  Church  in  which  he  had  been  bred.  Mr.  Baxter 
 fays,  the  King  gave  them  fuch  encouraging  promifes  of 
 Peace,  as  raifed  fome  of  them  to  high  expectations.  He 
 never  refufed  them  a  private  audience  when  they  defired  it  ; 
 and  to  amufe  them  further,  while  they  were  once  waiting 
 in  an  Anti-chamber,  his  Majefty  faid  his  Prayers  with  fuch 
 an  audible  Voice  in  the  Room  adjoining,  that  the  Minifters 
 might  hear  him;  "  He  thanked  God  that  he  was  a  cove- 
 '«  nanted  King  ;  that  he  hoped  the  Lord  would  give  him 
 "  an  humble,  meek,  forgiving  Spirit ;  that  he  might  have 
 "  forbearance  towards  his  offending  Subjects,  as  he  expec- 
 tk  ted  forbearance  from  offended  Heaven."  Upon  hearing 
 which  old  Mr.  Cafe  lifted  up  his  Hands  to  Heaven,  and  blei~ 
 fed  God,  who  had  given  them  a  praying  King. 
 
 Tho'   the  Bitliops  held  a   private    correfpondence  with  Biftops 
 Chancellor  Hyde,  and  by  him  were  allured  of  the  King's  ^nd  t0  ,he 
 affection,  they  were  no  lefs  forward  than  the  Pielbyterians  in  initruftions 
 their  application  to  his  Majefty  ;  for  while  his- Majefty  was 
 O  4  at 
 
The    HISTORY        Vol.  IV. 
 
 at    Ereda,  Mr.  Barwick  was  fent  over  with  the  following 
 Inllrucfions. 
 
 i.  Hj  was  to  wait  upon  the  right  honourable  the  Lord 
 Chancellor  of  England,  and  to  beg  his  Lordfhip's  affiftance 
 to  prefent  a  mod  humble  Petition  to  his  Majefly  in  the 
 name  of  the  biihops,  and  then  to  deliver  their  lordfhips  let- 
 ters to  the  Chancellor,  to  the  Lord  Lieutenant  of  Ireland, 
 and  to  the  Secretary  of  State,  wherein  they  returned  thofe 
 great  Men  their  moll  thankful  acknowledgments  for  their 
 piety  and  affection  to  the  Church  in  her  late  mo  ft  afflicted 
 State. 
 
 2.  He  was  then  to  give  his  Majefly  a  diflincl:  account  of 
 the  prefent  State  of  the  Church  in  all  the  particulars  where- 
 in his  Majefly  defired  to  be  informed  ;  and  to  bring  the 
 Biihops  back  hi*  Majefty's  commands  with  regard  to  jail- 
 that  fhould  be  thought  proper  for  them,  or  any  of  them 
 to  do. 
 
 3.  Ke  was  humbly  to  afk  his  Majefty's  plealure  with  re- 
 gard to  fome  of  the  Biihops  waiting  on  the  Sea-Coaft  to 
 pay  their  duty  to  his  Majefly,  when  by  God's  bleffing,  he 
 mould  fcon  land  in  England  ;  and  whether  it  was  his  Royal 
 pleafure  that  they  fhould  attend  him  there  in  their  Epifcopal 
 Habits;  and  at  what  time  and  place,  and  how  many,  and 
 which  of  them  his  Majefly  pleafed  fhould  wait  his  Arrival. 
 
 4.  He  was  alfo  to  enquire  concerning  the  number  of  his 
 Majefty's  Chaplains  ;  whether  any  of  them,  befides  thofe 
 in  waiting,  fhould  attend  his  arrival  upon  the  coaft ;  and 
 to  beg  that  his  Majefly  would  vouchfafe  to  appoint  how 
 many,  and  who. 
 
 5.  He  was  moft  humbly  to  befeech  his  Majefly,  that  if 
 Dr.  Lufhington,  formerly  the  King's  Chaplain,  fhould  offer 
 to  officiate  in  that  capacity,  his  Majefly  would  be  pleafed 
 not  to  indulge  him  that  favour  till  enquiry  fhould  be  made 
 concerning  his  fufpecled  Faith  and  Principles.  [He  was  a 
 Socinian.] 
 
 6.  Since  it  has  been  cuftomary  for  our  Kings  to  celebrate 
 publick  thankfgivings  in  St.  Paul's  Cathedral,  he  was 
 humbly  to  befeech  his  Majefly,  to  fignify  what  was  his 
 Royal  Pleafure  in  this  behalf,  confidering  the  ruinous  Eftate 
 of  that  Church. 
 
 Forward-  7-  ^s  'a^  Inftru&i°n  was,  to  give  a  juft  and  due  account 
 
 nefsofthe     to  his  Majefly,  why  the  affair  of  filling  up  the  vacant  fees 
 Clergy.         jjacj  met  w}th  n0  better  fuccefs. 
 
 Barwick  Mr.  Barwick  was  moft  gracioufly  received  by  the  King, 
 
 p.  513.         and  his  Minifteis,  and  the  Sunday  after  his  arrival  at  Breda, 
 
 was 
 
Chap.  IV.       of  the  Puritans.  21^ 
 
 was  appointed  to  preach  before  his  Majefly.  The  Court  King 
 was  as  yet  very  much  upon  their  guard  with  refpe6t  to  the  ^660. 
 Prefbyterians ;  but  the  flames  began  to  break  out  at  home  ;  1_J— w— -i 
 the  Epifcopal  Clergy  not  obferving  any  meafures  of  pru- 
 dence in  their  Sermons;  Dr.  Griffith  having  preached  an 
 angry  Sermon  before  the  General  at  Mercer's  Hall,  March 
 25.  on  Prov.  xxiv.  21.  "  My  Son,  fear  thou  the  Lord  and 
 "  the  King,  and  meddle  not  with  them  that  are  given  to 
 change  ;"  was  for  a  pretence  confined  to  Newgate,  but  in 
 a  few  days  he  was  releafed,  and  printed  his  Sermon  with  a 
 dedication  to  the  General.  Others  in  their  Sermons  gave 
 out  threatnings  againft  thofe  who  had  hitherto  had  the  power 
 in  their  hands ;  of  which  the  King  being  inform'd,  com- 
 manded Chancellor  Hyde  to  acquaint  his  correfpondents, 
 that  he  was  extreamly  apprehenfive  of  inconvenience  and 
 mifchief  to  the  Church  and  himfelf,  from  Offences  of  that 
 kind,  and  ordered  him  to  defire  Mr.  Barwick  and  Dr. 
 Morley  to  ufe  their  credit  and  authority  with  fuch  men,  and 
 to  let  them  know  from  his  Majefly,  the  tendernefs  of  the 
 Conjuncture.  The  Chancellor  accordingly,  in  his  letter 
 from  Breda,  April  16.  1660.  writ  the  King's  fenfe,  and  ad- 
 ded, that  if  occafion  required  they  were  to  fpeak  to  the 
 Bifhops  of  Ely  and  Salisbury  to  interpofe  their  authority, 
 to  conjure  thefe  men,  to  make  a  better  judgment  of  the 
 Seafon,  and  not  to  awaken  their  jealoufies  and  apprehenfi- 
 fions  which  all  Men  fliould  endeavour  to  extinguifh. 
 "  And  truly  I  hope  (fays  the  Chancellor)  if  faults  of  this 
 ':'  kind  are  not  committed,  that  both  the  Church  and  the 
 "  Kingdom  will  be  better  dealt  with  than  is  imagined  ;  and 
 '*  I  am  confident  thefe  good  Men  will  be  more  troubled  that 
 *■'  the  Church  fliould  undergo  a  new  fuffering  by  their  indif- 
 *'  cretion,  than  for  all  that  they  have  fuffered  hitherto 
 "  themfelves," 
 
 The  Clouds   gathering  thus  thick  over  the  managers  of  Ri  ,    , 
 the  late  times,  every  one  began  to  fhift  for  himfelf.  Richard  Cromwel 
 Cromwell  refigned  his  Chancellorship  of  the  Univerfity  of  refigns  his 
 Oxford  the  very  day  the  King  was  called  home,  and  retired  lor^pVnd 
 beyond  Sea :  He  had  offered  to  give  it  up  when  he  was   di-  abfconds. 
 vefted  of  the  Prcte&orfhip,  as  appears  by  his  Letter  on  that  K-  Chron. 
 
 occafion,  which  fays, "  You  mould  have  had    fuller  p"  14I'J 
 
 '*  experience  of  my  high  efteem  for  learning  and  learned 
 "  Men,  if  providence  had  continued  me  in  my  high  Station, 
 "  but  as  I  accepted  of  the  honour  of  being  your  Chancel- 
 "  lor  in  order  to  promote  your  profperity,  I  affure  you  I 
 "  will  diveil  my  felf  of  the  Honour  when  it  will  contribute 
 
 to 
 
2i$  The  HISTORY         Vol. IV. 
 
 ^inS      "  to  your  advantage."     Accordingly  as  foon   as  the  King 
 1660.      was  voted  home  he  fent  them  the  following  Resignation. 
 
 Gentlemen, 
 "  T  S  H  A  L  L  always  retain  a  hearty  fenfe  of  my  former 
 "  1  Obligations  to  you,  in  your  free  Election  of  me  to  the 
 "  Office  of  your  Chancellor;  and  it  is  no  fmall  trouble  to 
 "  my  thoughts,  when  I  confider  how  little  ferviceable  I 
 "  have  been  to  you  in  that  relation.  But  fince  the  all- wife 
 "  providence  ot  God,  which  I  defire  always  to  adore,  and 
 "  bow  down  unto,  has  been  pleafed  to  change  my  conditi- 
 "  on,  that  I  am  not  in  a  capacity  to  anfwer  the  ends  of  the 
 
 "  Office 1  do  therefore  moft  freely  refign,  and  give  up 
 
 "  all  my  right  and  intereft  therein,  but  fhall  always  retain 
 "  my  affection  and  efteem  for  you,  with  my  Prayers  for 
 "  your  continual  Profperity,  that  amidff.  the  many  examples 
 "  of  the  Inftability  and  Revolutions  of  human  Affairs,  you 
 "  may  ftill  abide  flourifhing  and  fruitful."     Gentlemen, 
 
 Your  affectionate  Friend  and  Servant, 
 Hurfley, 
 May  8.  1 660.  Rich.  Cromwel. 
 
 His  Cha-  Thus  Richard   went  off  the  Stage  of  publick  Action. 
 
 iader.  "  As  he  was  innocent  of  all  the  evil  his  Father  had  done 
 Burnet'  "  (fays  Burnet)  fo  there  was  no  prejudice  lay  againff.  him. 
 P-  •  3-  l(  Upon  his  advancement  to  the  Proteclorfhip  the  City  of 
 "  London,  and  almoft  all  the  Counties  of  England,  fent 
 "  him  Addreffes  of  congratulation,  but  when  he  found  the 
 '*  times  too  boifterous  he  readily  withdrew,  and  became  a, 
 "  private  man  ;  and  as  he  had  done  no  hurt  to  any  body, 
 "  fo  no  body  ever  ffudied  to  hurt  him.  A  rare  inftance  of 
 "  the  inftability  of  human  greatnefs ;  and  of  the  fecurity  of 
 '*  innocence  !"  In  his  younger  years  he  had  not  all  that 
 zeal  for  Religion  as  was  the  fafhion  of  the  times  ;  but  thole 
 who  knew  him  well  in  the  latter  part  of  Life  have  allured 
 me,  that  he  was  a  perretf.  Gentleman  in  his  behaviour,  well 
 acquainted  with  publick  affairs,  of  great  gravity,  and  real 
 piety;  but  fo  very  modeft,  that  he  would  not  be  diftinguifh- 
 ed  or  known  by  any  Name  but  the  feigned  one  of  Mr.  Clarke. 
 He  died  at  Theobalds  about  the  Year  17 12. 
 
 The  King  landed  at  Dover,  May  26.  and  came  the  fame 
 lands  a'idS  Night  to  Canterbury,  where  he  refted  the  next  Day,  and 
 tides  thro'    on  Tuefday,  May  29.  rid  in  triumph  with  his  two  Brothers 
 
 wSlTl  thr0' the  City  oi  London  to  Whitehall,  amidil  the  accla- 
 'J  mations  of  an   innumerable   croud  of  Spectators.     As  he 
 
 pafs'd 
 
Chap.  IV.        of  the  Puritans.  219 
 
 pafs'd  along,  old  Mr.  Arthur  Jackfon  an  eminent  Prefbyteri-       King 
 an  Minifter,  prefented  his  Majefty  with   a  rich  embofled      J/^ 
 Bible,  which  he  was  pleafed  to  receive,  and  to  declare   it  »—— y— ^j 
 his  refolution,  to  make  that  Book  the  Rule  of  his  Conduct. 
 
 Two  days  after  the  King's  arrival  at  Whitehall  his  Ma  Cu°rnve™tion 
 jefty  went  to  the  Houfe  of  Peers,  and  after  a  fhort  congra-  a  pariia- 
 tulatory  Speech  pafs'd  an  Aft,  turning  the  prefent  Conven- ment. 
 tion  into  a  Parliament.     After  which  the  Houfes  for  them- 
 felves,  and  all  the  Commons  of  England,  laid  hold  of  his 
 Majefly's  rnoft  gracious  Pardon,  and  appointed  a  Commit- 
 tee to  prepare  an  Aft  of  Indemnity  for  all  that  had  been 
 concerned  in  the  late  troubles,  except  the  King's  Judges, 
 and  two  or  three  others. 
 
 Had  the  directions  given  for  the  choice  of  this  Parliament  They  avow 
 been  obferved,   no  Royalifts  could  have  fat  in  the  Houfe  ;  thfe  .M*" 
 however,  their  numbers  were   inconfiderable  ;  the  Conven-  vi,  war. " 
 tion  was  a  Prefbyterian  Parliament,  and  had  the  courage  toEachard, 
 avow  the  juffice  and  lawfulnefs  of  taking  Arms  againlt  the1'-7  5* 
 late  King  till   the   Year   1648.   for  when   Mr.   Lenthall, 
 Speaker  of  the  Long  Parliament,  in  order  to  (hew  the  fin- 
 cerity  of  his  Repentance,  had  (aid,  that   "  He  that  firfr. 
 "  drew  his  Sword  againft  the  late  King  committed  as  great 
 **  an  offence  as  he  that  cut  off  his  Head;  "  he  was  brought 
 to  the  Bar,  and  received  the  following  reprimand  from  the 
 prefent  Speaker,  by  Order  of  the  Houfe. 
 
 S  I  R, 
 "  r~|~*  H  E  Houfe  has  taken  great  offence  at  what  you 
 -(  X  have  faid,  which,  in  the  Judgment  of  the  Houfe, 
 *<  contains  as  high  a  reflection  upon  the  Juftice  of  the  Pro- 
 "  ceedings  of  the  Lords  and  Commons  of  the  lad  Parlia- 
 "  ment,  in  their  actings  before  1648.  as  could  be  exprefled. 
 "  They  apprehend  there  is  much  poifon  in  the  faid  words, 
 "  and  that  they  were  fpoken  out  of  defign  to  inflame,  and 
 *'  to  render  them  who  drew  the  Sword  to  bring  Delinquents 
 «'  to  Punifhment,  and  to  vindicate  their  juft  Liberties,  into 
 "  balance  with  them  who  cut  off  the  King's  Head ;  of 
 "  which  they  exprefs  their  abhorrence  and  deteftation. 
 f  Therefore  I  am  commanded  to  let  you  know,  that  had 
 *«  thefe  words  fallen  out  any  other  time  in  this  Parliament, 
 *«  but  when  they  had  confiderations  of  Mercy,  and  Indem- 
 *c  nity,  you  might  have  expefted  a  (harper  and  feverer  Sen- 
 
 ?'  tence Neverthelefs  I  am  according  to  command,  to 
 
 «c  give  you  a  (harp  Reprehenfion,  and  I  do  as  (harply  and 
 ?*  feverely  as  I  can  reprehend  you  font.  " 
 
 But 
 
226  The  HISTORY  Vol.  IV. 
 
 But  it  was  to  little  purpofe  to  juftify  the  Civil  War,  when 
 they  were  yielding  up  aimofl  every  thing  to  the  Court  ;  for 
 though  they  flopt  fhort  of  the  lengths  of  the  next  Parliament, 
 they  encreafed  his  Majefty's  Revenues  fo  much,  that  if  he 
 had  been  a  frugal  Prince  he  might  have  lived  without  Par- 
 liaments  for  the  future.  The  bringing  the  King  home  af- 
 ter this  manner  without  any  Treaty,  or  one  fingle  Article 
 for  the  fecuring  Men  in  the  enjoyment  of  their  religious 
 and  civil  Liberties,  was  (as  Bifhop  Burnet  obferves)  the 
 foundation  of  all  the  misfortunes  of  the  Nation  under  this 
 Reign.  And  as  another  right  Reverend  Prelate  obferves, 
 the  Reftoration  of  the  King  in  this  high  and  abfolute  man- 
 ner laid  the  foundation  of  all  the  King's  future  mifcarriages  ; 
 fo  that  if  the  Revolution  by  King  William  and  Queen 
 Mary  had  riot  taken  place,  the  Restoration  had  been  no 
 blelTing  to  the  Nation. 
 R       ,  But  it  ought  to  be  remembered,  that  this  was  not  a  legal 
 
 Parliament,  for  the  Rump  had  no  Power  to  appoint 
 '*  Keepers  of  the  Liberties  of  England  ;"  nor  had  the 
 Keepers  a  right  to  iffue  out  Writs  for  a  Parliament ;  nor 
 could  the  King's  Writ,  without  the  fubfequent  choice  of 
 the  People  make  them  fo.  All  the  Laws  therefore  made 
 by  this  Convention  ;  and  all  the  punifhments  inflicted  up- 
 on offenders  fubfequent  on  them  were  not  ftrictily  legal, 
 which  the  Court  were  fo  apprehenfive  of,  that  they  pre- 
 vailed with  the  next  Parliament  to  confirm  them.  When 
 this  Convention  Parliament  had  fat  about  eight  Months,  it 
 was  diffolved  December  29,  partly  becaufe  it  was  not  legal- 
 ly chofen,  and  becaufe  it  was  too  much  Prefbyterian ;  the 
 prime  Minifter  [Hyde]  having  now  formed  a  defign  in  con- 
 cert with  the  Bifhops  to  turn  all  the  Prebyterians  out  of  the 
 Church. 
 Presbyterian  Tne  managing  Prefbyterians  ft'ill  encouraged  themfelves 
 made  King's  w'tn  n0Pes  °lL  a  cornprehenfion  within  the  Church,  though 
 Chaplains,  they  had  parted  with  all  their  weight  and  influence  ;  and 
 K.  chron,  -from  Directors  were  become  humble  Supplicants  to  thofe 
 p* l  z'  very  Men  who  but  a  few  Months  before  would  have  lain 
 at  their  feet.  They  had  now  no  other  refuge  but  the 
 King's  Clemency,  which  was  directed  by  Chancellor  Hyde 
 and  the  Bifhops ;  but  to  keep  them  quiet  till  things  were 
 better  fettled  his  Majefty  condefcended,  at  the  inftance  of 
 the  Earl  of  Manchefter,  to  admit  ten  of  their  number  into 
 the  lift  of  his  Chaplains  in  ordinary  (viz.) 
 
 Dr- 
 
Chap.  IV.        of  the  P  u  R  i  t  A  n  s.  22 1 
 
 Dr.  Reynolds, 
 
 Mr.  Calamy, 
 
 King 
 
 Dr.  Spurftow, 
 
 Mr.  Afhe, 
 
 Charles  U. 
 
 Dr.  Wallis, 
 
 Mr.  Cafe, 
 
 Dr.  Manton, 
 
 Mr.  Baxter, 
 
 Dr.  Bates, 
 
 Mr.   Woodbridge. 
 
 But  none  of  thefe  Divines  were  called  to  preach  at  Court, 
 except  Dr.  Reynolds,  Dr.  Spurftow,  Mr.  Calamy,  and 
 Mr.  Baxter,  each  of  them  once.  Here  again  the  Prelby- 
 terians  were  divided  in  their  politicks,  fome  being  for  going 
 as  far  as  they  could  with  the  Court,  and  others  for  draw- 
 ing back.  Of  the  former  fort  were  Mr.  Calamy,  Dr.  Rey-  Caxter»s 
 nolds,  and  Mr.  Afhe,  who  were  entirely  directed  by  the  Life,p.  29. 
 Earl  of  Manchefter,  and  had  frequnnt  Affemblies  at  his 
 houfe  ;  to  them  were  joined  Dr.  Bates,  Dr.  Manton,  and 
 moil:  of  the  City  Minifters  ;  but  Mr.  Seaman,  Mr.  Jenkins, 
 and  others,  were  of  another  party  ;  thefe  were  a  little 
 eftranged  from  the  reft  of  their  Brethren,  and  meddled 
 not  with  Politicks  (fays  Mr.  Baxter)  becaufe  the  Court  gave 
 them  no  encouragement,  their  defign  being  only  to  divide 
 them  ;  but  the  former  had  more  confidence  in  their  Superi- 
 or:), and  carried  on  a  Treaty,  till  by  force  and  violence  they 
 were  beaten  out  of  the  field. 
 
 Upon  the  King's  arrival  at  Whitehall  the  Liturgy  of  Liturgy  ra- 
 the Church  of  England  was  reftored  in  his  Majefty's  *<«■• 
 Chapel,  and  in  feveral  Churches  both  in  City  and  Coun- 
 try ;  for  it  was  juftiy  obferved,  that  all  Acts  and  Ordi- 
 nances of  the  Long  Parliament  that  had  not  the  Royal 
 Affent,  were  in  themfelves  null,  and  therefore  Prelacy  was 
 ftill  the  only  legal  Eftablifhrnent,  and  the  Common-Prayer 
 the  only  legal  Form  of  Worfhip,  and  that  they  were 
 puniiliable  by  the  Laws  of  the  Land  who  officiated  by 
 any  other.  The  King  in  his  Declaration  had  defired,  k.  Chroa. 
 that  the  Prefbyterians  would  read  fo  much  of  the  Litur-  P-  43*> 
 gy  as  they  themfelves  had  no  Exception  againft,  but 
 moft  of  them  declined  the  propofal.  But  to  fet  an  Ex- 
 ample to  the  reft  of  the  Nation,  the  Houfe  of  Peers, 
 two  Days  after  the  King  was  proclaimed,  appointed  Mr. 
 Marfton  to  read  Divine  Service  before  them,  in  his  for- 
 malities, according  to  the  Common-Prayer  Book  ;  and 
 the  Sunday1  following  Dr.  Gauden  preached,  and  admini- 
 ftered  the  Sacrament  to  feveral  of  the  Peers,  who  receiv- 
 ed it  kneeling.  On  the  31ft  of  May  they  ordered,  that 
 the  Form  of  Prayers  formerly  ufed  ihould  be  conftantly 
 read  in  their  houles,  prorided  that  no  Prejudice,  Penalty, 
 
 or 
 
222 
 
 King 
 
 Charles  II. 
 
 l66o. 
 
 Sequeftered 
 Clergy  re- 
 fbred. 
 
 And  Heads 
 of  t  olleges. 
 K.  Chr.  p. 
 IS*- 
 
 R>. 
 
 r-  »S3. 
 
 ii>.  p.  173. 
 
 The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y         Vol.  IV. 
 
 or  Reflection,  fhall  be  on  any  that  are  not  prefent.  The 
 Houfe  of  Commons  followed  the  exampie  of  the  Lords ; 
 and  before  the  end  of  the  year  many  of  the  Parochial 
 Clergy,  who  fcrupled  the  ufe  of  the  Service  Book,  were 
 profecuted  for  offending  againft  the  Statutes  made  in 
 that  behalf;  the  Juilices  of  the  Peace  and  others  infilling, 
 that  the  Laws  returned  with  the  King,  and  that  they  ought 
 not  to  be  difpenfed  with  in  the  negle6t  of  them. 
 
 The  old  fequeftered  Clergy  flocked  in  great  Numbers 
 about  the  Court,  magnifying  their  Sufferings,  and  making 
 intereft  for  Preferments  in  the  Church  ;  every  one  took 
 poffeffion  of  the  Living  from  which  he  had  been  eject- 
 ed ;  by  which  means  fome  hundreds  of  the  Preibyterian 
 Clergy  were  difpoffeffed  at  once.  Upon  this  the  Heads 
 of  that  party  waited  upon  the  King,  and  prayed,  that  tho' 
 all  who  had  loll:  their  Livings  for  malignancy,  or  difaf- 
 fec~tion  to  the  late  Powers  were  reftored,  yet  that  thofe 
 Minifters  who  fucceeded  fuch  as  had  been  ejected  for  fcan- 
 dal  might  keep  their  places ;  but  the  Court  paid  no  re- 
 gard to  their  petitions.  However,  where  the  incumbent 
 was  dead  his  Majefty  yielded,  that  the  Living  mould  be  con- 
 firmed to  the  prefent  pofleffor. 
 
 The  Heads  of  Colleges  and  Fellows  who  had  beed  ejec- 
 ted in  the  late  times  were  no  lefs  forward  in  their  applica- 
 tions to  be  reftored ;  upon  which  the  Parliament  appoint- 
 ed a  Committee  to  receive  their  petitions.  Dr.  Goodwin 
 having  refigned  his  Prefidentfhip  of  Magdalen  College, 
 the  Lords  ordered,  "  That  Dr.  Oliver  be  reftored  in  as 
 "  full  and  ample  manner  as  formerly  he  enjoyed  it,  till 
 **  the  pleafure  of  his  Majefty  be  further  known.  And 
 "  the  three  fenior  Fellows  were  appointed  to  put  this  Or- 
 "  der  in  execution."  The  ejected  Fellows  of  New  Col- 
 lege, Oxon,  petitioned  at  the  fame  time  to  be  reftored  ; 
 upon  which  the  Lords  ordered,  May  19,  "  That  Robert 
 "  Grove,  John  Lampfhire,  &c.  late  Fellows  of  New  Col- 
 "  lege,  Oxen,  and  all  others  who  were  unjuftly  ejected 
 "  out  of  their  Fellowfhips,  be  forthwith  reftored  ;  and  that 
 *'  all  fuch  Fellows  as  have  been  admitted  contrary  to  the 
 "  Statute  be  forthwith  ejected  ;  and  that  no  new  Fellows 
 "  be  admitted  contrary  to  the  Statutes."  And  to  prevent 
 further  applications  of  this  kind,  the  Lords  paffed  this  ge- 
 neral Orderjune  4.  "  That  the  Chancellors  of  both  Univer- 
 fities  fhall  take  care,  that  the  feveral  Colleges  in  the  faid  Uni- 
 "  verfities  fhall  be  governed  according  to  their  refpective 
 •*  Statutes  ;  and  that  fuch  perfons  who  have  been  unjuft- 
 
 "  ly 
 
Chap.  IV.         of  the  P  u  R  i  t  A  n  s. 
 
 *'  ly  put  out  of  their  Headships,  Fellowships,  or  other 
 "  Offices  relating  to  the  feveral  Colleges  or  Univerfities, 
 "  may  be  reftored  according  to  the  laid  Statutes  of  the  Uni- 
 "  verfity,  and  founders  of  Colleges  therein." 
 
 Purfuant  to  this  Order  there  followed  a  very  confidera- 
 ble  change  in  both  Univerfities,  Commiffioners  being  ap- 
 pointed by  the  King  to  hear  and  determine  all  Caules 
 relating  to  this  Affair,  who  in  the  Months  of  Auguft 
 and  September  reftored  all  fuch  as  were  unmarried  to 
 their  refpe&ive  places.  In  the  Univerfity  of  Oxford,  be- 
 sides Doctor  Oliver  already  mentioned,  the  following 
 Heads  of  Colleges  were  reftored,  and  the  prefent  poifelfors 
 ejected. 
 
 223 
 
 King 
 
 Charles  II. 
 
 1660. 
 
 Heads   of  Colleges 
 
 reftored, 
 Dr,  Hannibal  Potter, 
 Dr.  Richard  Bayly, 
 Dr.  Francis  iVlanfel, 
 Dr.  Robert  Newlin, 
 Dr.  Gilbert  Sheldon, 
 Dr.  Thomas  Yate, 
 
 Auguft   3. 
 
 Pre/idem  of 
 Trinity  Coll. 
 St.  John's  Coll. 
 Jefus  College, 
 
 In  the   Place  of 
 Heads  ejected, 
 Dr.  Seth  Ward, 
 Mr.Thank.  Owen, 
 Mr.  Fran.   Howel, 
 Corp.  Chr.  Coll.  Dr.  Fdw. Staunton, 
 All  Souls  Coll.      Dr.Meredith,  dec. 
 Braz.  Nofe  Coll.   Dr. D.Greenwood, 
 Mr.  Hen.Wightwick,  Pembrook  Coll.     Dr.  Hen.  Langlev. 
 N.  B.  This  Mr.  Wightwick  was  ejected  a  2d  time  1664. 
 
 St.  Mary's  Hall, 
 
 Dr.  Rob.  Saunder-j  Regius   ProfefT. 
 I    inD 
 
 ion, 
 
 Dr.  Fell, 
 
 Mr.  Thomas  Cole, 
 
 >  Dr.    Tohn    Conant, 
 lvinity,       3  J 
 
 C  Nat.   Philofoph.  I  D      }  ft      c    ff 
 
 (      Reader  )  J 
 
 t  Can.ofChr.Ch.  1  Mr.     Ralph     But- 
 
 l  &  Uni.  Orator.  J      ton, 
 
 cCan.ofChr.  Ch.  l   Dr.  Hen.    Wilkin- 
 
 l  and  Marg.  Prof.  J      fon,  fen. 
 
 Befides    thefe,  all  Surviving  ejected  Fellows  of  Colleges  .    ,  F  , 
 were  reftored  without  exception,  and  fuch  as  had  been  no-  iow$. 
 minated  by   the  Commiffioners  in  1648,  or  elected  in  any 
 other  manner  than  according  to  the  Statutes  were  ejected, 
 and  their  places  declared  vacant. 
 
 The  like  alterations  were  made  in  the  Univcrfitv  of  RcfornTalj 
 Cambridge.  The  Karl  of  Manchester,  Chancellor,  was  on  of  the 
 obliged  to  fend  the  following  Letter  to  the  Univerfity,  Univerfuy 
 elated    Auguft    3.    for  reftoriog   Dr.  Martin  to    the   Ma- k.  a 
 
 fterfhip  p. 
 
 iron. 
 
2*4  The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y        Vol.  IV. 
 
 K'ng       fterfhip   of    Queen's    College,    whom  he  had  eje&ed  for 
 1660    '    Scandal  by    Letters   under  his  Hand,  dated  March   13, 
 
 lb.  p.  222.  "  Whereas  I  am  informed,  that  Dr.  Ed.  Martin  has 
 le  been  wrongfully  put  out  of  his  Mafterfhip,  thefe  are  to 
 "  fignify  to  all  whom  it  may  concern,  that  I  do,  by  vir- 
 "  tue  of  an  Authority  given  to  me,  by  the  Lords  afTem- 
 "  bled  in  Parliament,  reftore  him  to  his  faid  Mafterfhip, 
 "  together  with  all  Lodgings,  &c.  appertaining  to  his  place, 
 *l  from  henceforth  to  have  and  enjoy  all  profits,  rights, 
 u  privileges,  and  advantages,  belonging  thereunto,  unlefs 
 "  caufe  be  fhewn  to  the  contrary  within  ten  days  after  the 
 "  date  hereof."  This  Gentleman  was  accordingly  reftor- 
 ed,  and  with  him  feveral  others ;  as, 
 
 Heads  of  Colleges  Mafter  of  In  the  Place  of 
 
 reftored,  Heads  ejected, 
 
 Dr.  J.   Cofins,  Peter  Houfe,      Dr.  Laz.  Seaman, 
 
 Dr.  Tho.  Pafke,  Clare  Hall,     \  ^f^v  \Du 
 
 '      L    1  heo.Duhngham, 
 
 Dr.  Ben.  Laney,  Pembroke  Hall,  Mr.   Will.  Mofes, 
 
 Dr.  Rob.  King,  Trinity  Hall,        Mr.  Bond, 
 
 Dr.  Rich.  Sterne,  Jefus  College,  <        .*'-' 
 
 Dr     Edw     Rain-   S   Magd'     Coll.  1 
 
 /  *  ^      ejecl:.  for  re-  /■   Mr.  John  Sadleir. 
 
 '  *      fufing  Eng.    3 
 
 FaftJ.  p.iso.      All  the  furviving  Fellows  unmarried  were  reftored,  as  in 
 the  other  Univerfity,  by  which  means  moft  of  the  Prefby- 
 terians  were  difpoffeffed,  and  the  Education  of  Youth  taken 
 New  Creati-  out  of  their  Hands.     To  make  way  for  the  filling  up  thefe 
 ons  in  the    anj  other  vacancies  in    the   Church,    the  Honours  of  the 
 Rennet's 'eS'  Univerfities  were  offered    to  almoft   any  that   would   de- 
 chron.  p.     dare  their  averfion  to  Prefbytery,  and  hearty  affection  for 
 ft*),  221,     Epifcopal  Government.     It  was  his  Majefty's  Pleafure,  and 
 the  Chancellor's,  that   there  fhould  be  a  Creation  in  all  fa- 
 culties of  fuch  as  had  fuffered  for  the  Royal  Caufe,  and  had 
 been  ejected  from  the  Univerfity  by   the  Vifitors  in   1648. 
 Accordingly  between  feventy   and  eighty  Mafters  of  Arts 
 were  created   this  year,    among  whom   (fays   the  Oxford 
 Hiftorian)  fome  that  had  not   been  Sufferers   thruft  them- 
 felves   into  the  croud   for  their  Money  ;   others,  yet  few, 
 were  Gentlemen,  and  created  by  the  favour  of  the  Chan- 
 cellor's Letter's  only  j    eighteen  were  created  Batchelors  of 
 
 Divinity, 
 
Chap.  IV.      of  the  Puritans.  225 
 
 Divinity,  feventy  Doctors  of  Divinity,  twenty  two  Doctors      King 
 of  Phyfick,  befidesDodors  of  Laws.     The    Creations  in  Ch^L 
 the  Univerfity  of  Cambridge  were  yet  more  numerous :  On  ^    —  -  ^ 
 Midfummer  day,  a   Grace  paffed  in   the  Univerfity  in  fa-  Ken.Chron. 
 vour  of  fome  Candidates  for  Degrees.     Auguft  2,  the  King  P-  33*« 
 fent'Letters  to  Cambridge  for  creating  nine  or  ten  Perfons, 
 Doctors  of  Divinity  ;  and  on  the  fifth  of  September,  there  lb.  p.  251. 
 were  created   by  virtue  of  his  Majefty's  Mandamus  no  lefs 
 than  feventy  one  Doctors  of  Divinity,  nine  Doctors  of  Ci- 
 vil Law,  five  Doctors  of  Phyfick,  and  five  Batchelors  of 
 Divinity.     So  that  within  the  compafs  of  little  more  than 
 fix  Months  the  Univerfities  diplomated  above  one  hundred 
 and  fifty  Doctors  of  Divinity,  and  as  many  more  in  the  other 
 faculties.     Some  of  thefe  were  deferving  Perfons  but  the 
 Names  of  mo  ft  of  them  are  no  where  to  be  met  with  but  in 
 theRegifters.     Had  the  Parliament  Vifitors  in  1648.  or  O. 
 Cromwel  in  his  Protectorfhip,  made  fo  free  with  the  Honours 
 of  the  Univerfities,  they  might  juftly  have  been  fuppofed  to 
 countenance  the  Illiterate,  and  proftitute  the  honour  of  the 
 two  great  Luminaries  of  this  Kingdom  ;  but  his  Majefty's 
 promoting  fuch  numbers  in  fo  fhort  a   time   by   a  Royal 
 Mandamus,  without  enquiring  into  their  Qualifications,   or 
 infifting  upon  their  performing  any  academical  Exercife, 
 muft  be  covered  with  filence,  becaufe  it  was  for  the  fervice  of 
 the  Church.     In  the  midft  of  thefe  Promotions  the  Marquis 
 of  Hertford,  Chancellor  of  the  Univerfity,   died,    and  was 
 fucceeded  by  Sir  Edward  Hyde,   now  Lord  Chancellor  of 
 England,  and  created   about  this  time  Earl  of  Clarendon. 
 He  was  inftalled  Nov.  15,    and  continued  in  this  Office  till 
 he  retired  into  France,  in  the  year  1 667. 
 
 Thefe  Promotions  made  way  for  filling  up  the  vacancies  v-,      •    • 
 
 •     /".111        T   1  t^      Tvii-  t         r  r.         1  vacancies  itj 
 
 in  Cathedrals ;  July  5,  Dr.  killigrew,  Jones,  Doughty  and  Cathedrals 
 Bufby,  were  inftalled  Prebendaries  of  Weftminfter ;    and  filled  UP- 
 within  a  Month  or  fix  weeks  four  more  were  added.     In  the    '      r' p" 
 Months  of   July  and  Auguft  all  the  Dignities  in  the  Cathe- 
 dral of  St.  Paul's  were  filled  up,  being  upwards  of   twen- 
 ty.     July   13,  twelve   Divines    were  inftalled    Prebenda- lb.  p.  204, 
 ries  in  the   Cathedral  of    Canterbury  ;    and  before    the 
 end   of    the  year  all  the  Dignities   in    the  Cathedrals  of 
 Durham,    Chefter,     Litchfield,    Briftol,    Hereford,  Wor- 
 cefter,  Gloucefter,  &c.  were  fupplied  with  younger  Divines, 
 who  ran  violently  along  with  the  times. 
 
 Vol.  IV.  P  There 
 
226  The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y         Vol.  IV. 
 
 There  were  but  nine  Bifhops  alive  at  the  King's  Reftora- 
 
 King 
 Charles  II.   . 
 i66e.        tl0n>    V1Z 
 
 The  old  fur- 
 viving  Bi- 
 fhops. 
 Kennet,  p. 
 25  a. 
 
 Tranflation 
 of  Bifhops. 
 p.  176. 
 
 Wood  and 
 Walker. 
 
 P  -J77- 
 
 Dr.  William  Juxon,  Bifhop  of  London, 
 
 Dr.  William  Pierfe, 
 Dr.  Matthew*  Wren, 
 Dr.  Robert  Skinner, 
 Dr.  William  Roberts, 
 Dr.  John  Warner, 
 Dr.  Bryan  Duppa, 
 Dr.  Henry  King, 
 Dr.  Accepted  Frewen, 
 
 Bath  and  Wells, 
 
 Ely, 
 
 Oxford, 
 
 Bangor, 
 
 Rochefter, 
 
 Sarum, 
 
 Chichefter, 
 
 Litchf.  and  Coventry, 
 
 a  new  Creation,  fome   of 
 tranflated  to  better  Sees ; 
 
 New  Bifhops 
 created. 
 
 p.  176. 
 
 In  order  to   make   way  for 
 the  Bifhops  abovementioned  wen 
 as, 
 
 Dr.  Juxon,  Bifhop  oi  London,  to  Canterbury,  who  was 
 promoted  more  out  of  Decency  (fays  Bifhop  Burnet) 
 as  being  the  eldeft  and  moil:  eminent  of  the  furviving 
 Bifhops  :  He  never  was  a  great  Man,  but  was  now  fuper- 
 annuated. 
 
 Dr.  Accepted  Frewen,  was  tranflated  to  York,  Sept.  22. 
 and  confirmed  October  4.  He  was  the  Son  of  a  Puritani- 
 cal Minifter,  and  himfelf  inclined  that  way,  till  fome  time 
 after  the  beginning  of  the  Civil  Wars,  when  he  became  a 
 great  Loyalift,  and  was  promoted  in  the  year  1644.  to  the 
 See  of  Litchfield  and  Coventry  ;  but  he  made  no  figure  in 
 the  learned  World,  and  died  in  the  year  1664. 
 
 Dr.  Bryan  Duppa  was  tranflated  to  Winchefter,  and 
 confirmed  October  4.  He  had  been  the  King's  Tutor,  tho' 
 no  Avay  fit  for  it.  He  was  a  meek,  humble  Man,  and  much 
 beloved  for  his  good  temper  (fays  Bifhop  Burnet)  and  would 
 have  been  much  efieemed  if  he  had  died  before  the  Refto« 
 ration,  for  he  made  not  that  ufe  of  the  great  wealth  that 
 flowed  in  upon  him,  as  was  expected. 
 
 To  make  way  for  the  Election  of  new  Bifhops  in  a 
 Regular  and  Canonical  Manner,  it  was  firft  neceffary  to 
 reftore  to  every  Cathedral  a  Dean  and  Chapter  -,  which 
 being  done, 
 
 Dr.  Gilbert  Sheldon  was  advanced  to  the  See  of  Lon- 
 don ;  he  was  efteemcd  a  learned  Man  before  the  Civil 
 Wars,  but  he  had  fince  engaged  fo  deep  in  Politicks  (fays 
 Burnet)  that  fcarce  any  prints  of  what  he  had  been  remain- 
 ed ;  he  was  a  dextrous  Man  in  bufinefs,  and  treated  all 
 Men  in  an  obliging  manner,  but  few  depended  much  on  his 
 
Chap.  IV.        of  the  P  u  r  i  T  A  N  s*  127 
 
 profeffions  of  Friendfhip.     He  feemed  not  to  have  a  deep       Kinsir 
 Senfe  of  Religion,  if  any  at  all ;  and  fpoke  of  it  mod:  com-      ^f0. 
 monly  as  an  Engine  of  Government,  and  a  matter  of  poli- 
 cy, for  which  reafon  the  King  looked  upon  him  as  a  wife 
 and  honeit  Clergyman.     He  was  one  of  the  moft  power- 
 ful and  implacable  adverfaries  of  the  Non-conformifls. 
 
 Dr.  Henchman  wasconfecratedBiihop  of  Sarum,  and  Dr. 
 George  Morley  Bifhop  of  Worcefler,  Octob.  28.  Decern. 
 2,  following  feven  Bifhops  were  eonfecrated  together,  in 
 St.  Peter's  Weftminfter  (viz.) 
 
 Dr.  John  Cofins,  Bifhop  of    Durham* 
 
 Dr.  William  Laws,  St.  David's, 
 
 Dr.  Benjamain  Laney*  Peterborough, 
 
 Dr.  Hugh  Lloyd,  Landaff, 
 
 Dr.  Richard  Sterne,  Catlifle, 
 
 Dr.  Pryan  Walton,  Chefter, 
 
 Dr.  John  Gauden,  Exeter. 
 
 On  the  fixth  of  January  following  four  other  Bifhops  were 
 eonfecrated  (viz.) 
 
 Dr.  Gilbert  Ironfide,     Bifhop  of  Briflol, 
 Dr.  Edward  Reynolds,  Norwich, 
 
 Dr.  Nicholas  Monk,  Hereford, 
 
 Dr.  William  Nicholfon,  Gloucefter. 
 
 Four  or  five  Sees  were. kept  vacant  for  the  leading  Di- 
 vines among  the  Prefbyterians,  if  they  would  conform  ;  but 
 they  declined,  as  will  be  feen  hereafter.  In  Scotland  and 
 Ireland  things  were  not  quite  fo  ripe  for  execution ;  the 
 Scots  Parliament  difannulled  the  Covenant,  but  Epif- 
 copacy  was  not  eftablifhed  in  either  of  the  Kingdoms  till 
 next  year. 
 
 The  Englifh  Hierarchy  being  reftored  to  its  former  Pow- 
 er, except  the  Peerage  of  the  Bifhops,  it  remained  only  to  pendants 
 confider  what  was  to  be  done  with  the  Malecontents  ;  the  AnabaptMe 
 Independants  and  Anabaptifts  petitioned  the  King  only  for  and  Papiiis, 
 a  Toleration  ;  and  the  Englifh  Papifts  depending  upon  their  p,'142, 
 intereft  at  Court  offered  his  Majefly  one  hundred  thoufand 
 pounds   before  he  left  Breda,  to  take  off  the  Penal  Laws, 
 upon  which  his  Majefty  ordered  the  Chancellor  to  infert  the 
 fellowing  Claufe  in  his  Declaration    concerning  Ecclefiafti- 
 cal  Affairs,    *'  that  others  alfo  be  permitted  to  meet  for  lb.  Compl. 
 "  religious  Worfhip,fo  be  it  they  do  it  not  to  the  difturbance  Hlft-  P-25*r 
 
 P    2  "Of 
 
 Ofthe-Inde- 
 
228  The   H  I  S  T  O  R  Y  Vol.  IV. 
 
 King       "  0f  the  Peace  ;    and  that  nc  Juftice  of  Peace,  offer  tor 
 
 Chai66o!1'    "  difturb  them-"     When  this  was  debated  in  the  King's 
 j__      _  llni  Prefence  after  the  Restoration,  the  Bifhops  wifely  held  their 
 peace  ;  but  Mr.  Baxter, who  was  more  zealous  than  prudent, 
 declared  plainly  his  diflike  of  a  Toleration  of  Priefts  and  So- 
 cinians  ;  which  his  Majefty  took  fo  very  ill,  that  he  faid,  the 
 Prefbyterians  were  a  fet  of  Men  who  were  only  for  fetting 
 up  therafelves.     Thefe  frill  flattered  themfelves  with  hopes 
 of  a  comprehenfion,  but  the  Independants  and  Baptifts  were 
 in  defpair. 
 of  the  times      And  here  was  an  end  of  thofe  unhappy  times,  which  our 
 before  the      Hiftorians  have  loaded  with  all  the  infamy  and  reproach  that 
 the  wit  of  Man  could  invent.     The  Puritan  Minifters  have 
 been  reprefented  as  ignorant  Mechanicks,  canting  Preach- 
 ers, Enemies  to  Learning,  and  no  better  than  publick  rob- 
 bers.    Univerfities  were  faid  to  be  reduced  to  a  meer  Mun- 
 fter  ;    and  that,  if  the  Goths  and  Vandals,  and  even  the 
 Turks,  had  over-run  the  Nation,  they  could  not  have  done 
 more    to  introduce  barbarifm  and  difloyal  ignorance  ;  and 
 yet  in  thefe  times,  and  by  the  Men  that  then  filled  the  U- 
 niverilty  Chairs,  were  educated  the  moll  learned  Divines 
 z*d  eloquent  Preachers  of  the  laftage,  as  the  Stillingfleet's, 
 Tillotfon's,  Bull's,  Barrow's,  Whitby's,  and  others,  who 
 retained  a  high   veneration  for   their  learned  Tutors  after 
 they  were  ejetted  and  laid  afide.     The  religious  part  of  the 
 common  People  have  been   ftigmatized  with  the  charac- 
 ter of  Hypocrites ;  their  looks,  their  drefs  and  behaviour, 
 have  been  painted  in  the  mod  frightful  colours ;    and  yet 
 one  may  venture  to  challenge  thefe  Writers  to  produce  any 
 period  of  time  iinee  the    Reformation,  wherein  there  was 
 lefs  open   prophanenefs  and  impiety,  and  more  of  the  fpi- 
 rit  and  appearance  of  Religion.     Perhaps  there  was  a  little 
 too   much   rigor    and    precifenefs   in    indifferent   matters^ 
 which  might  be  thought  running  into  a  contrary  extream. 
 But  the  lufts  of  Men  were  laid  under  a  very  great  reftraint ; 
 and  though  the  legal  Constitution  was  unhappily  broken  to 
 pieces,  and  Men  were  governed  by  falfe  politicks,  yet  bet- 
 ter Laws  were  never  made  againft  vice,  and  thofe  Laws 
 never  better  put  in  execution.     The  drefs,  the   language, 
 and  converfation   of  People,  was  fober  and  virtuous,  and 
 their  manner  of  Houfe-keeping  remarkably  frugal  :    There 
 was  hardly  a  fingle  Bankrupcy  to   be  heard  of  in  a  year ; 
 and  in  fuch  a  cafe  the  Bankrupt  had  a  mark  of  infamy  up- 
 on him  that  he  could  never  wipe  off.     The  vices  of   drun- 
 kennefs,  fornication,  prophane  {wearing,  and  every  kind  of 
 
 debauch- 
 
Chap.  IV.         of  the  Puritans.  229 
 
 debauchery,  were  banifhed,    and   out  of    fafhion.      The     K|'ng 
 Clergy  of  thefe  times  were  laborious  to  excefs  in  preaching      gles 
 and  praying,  in  catechizing  youth,  and  vifiting  their  parifhes.  ■_,—  -'  _« 
 The  Magiftrates   did  their  duty  in  fupprefling  all   kinds  of 
 Games,  Stage-plays,  and  Abufes  in  publick  Houfes.     There 
 was  not  a   play  adred  in   any  part  of  England  for  almofr. 
 twenty  years.     The  Lord's  Day  was  obferved  with  unufual 
 ftrictnefs  ;    and  there   were  a  fet  of  as  learned   and  pious 
 Youths  in  the  Univerfity  as  had   been  known.      So  that  if 
 fuch  a  Reformation  of  manners  had  obtained  under  a  legal 
 Administration,  they  would  have  deferved  the  character  of 
 the  bell  of  times. 
 
 But  when  the  legal  Conftitution  was  refiored  there  came  Of  the  times 
 in  with  it  a  torrent  of  all  kinds  of  debauchery  and  wicked-  after  the  Re- 
 liefs.    The  times  that  followed   the  Reftoration  were  the  Burnet. ' 
 reverfe  of  thofe  that  went  before ;  for  the  Laws  which  had  K-  Chron. 
 been  made  againfr.  vice  for  the  lad  twenty  years  being  de-  p'  I*7* 
 dared  null,    and   the    Magiftrates   changed,    Men  fet  no 
 bounds  to  their  vitious  appetites.     A  Proclamation  indeed 
 was   published  againfr.    thofe  loofe  and    riotous  Cavaliers, 
 whofe  loyalty  confifted  in  drinking  healths,  and   railing   at 
 thofe  who  would  not  revel  with  them  ;  but  in  reality  the 
 King  was  at  the  head  of  thefe  diforders,  who  was  devoted 
 to   his  pleafures  ;   having  given  himfelf  up   to  an  avowed 
 courfe  of  lewdnefs,  his  Bifhops  and  Doctors  faid,  that  he 
 ufually   came   from    his   Miftreffes   Lodgings  to    Church, 
 even  on  Sacrament  Days.     There  were   two  Play-houfes 
 erected  in  the  neighbourhood  of  the  Court.     Women  Ac- 
 treffes  were  introduced  upon  the  Englifh.  Stage,  which  had 
 not  been  known   till  that   time  ;    the   mod  lewd   and    ob- 
 fcene   Plays  were  atled  ;  and  the  more  obfcene,   the  better 
 did  they   pleafe  the     King,    who  graced    the  acting  every 
 new  play  with    his   Prefence.      Nothing   was  to  be  feen 
 at  Court   but  fealling,  hard   drinking,  revelling,    and    a- 
 morous  intrigues,  which  produced  the  moil  enormous  vices. 
 From  Court  the  contagion  fpread  like  Wild-fire  among  the  lb.  p.  453. 
 common  People,  infomuch  that  Men  threw  off   the  very 
 profelTion  of    virtue  and    piety,  under  colour  of  drinking 
 the  King's  Health ;    all   kinds    of   old  Cavalier    Rioting 
 and     Debauchery    revived  ;     the   appearances    of   Reli- 
 gion which  remained  with  fome,  furnifhed  matter  of  ridi- 
 cule to  the  prophane  mockers  of  real  piety  :  Some  who  Coke. 
 had   been  concerned  in    the  former  tranfaclions    thought 
 they  could  not  redeem  their  Credit  better  than  by  laugh- 
 ing at  all  Religion,  and  telling  or  making  ftories  to  expofe 
 P  3  their 
 
230  The  HISTORY       Vol.  IV. 
 
 King       their  former  party   and  make  them  ridiculous.     To  appear 
 66         ferious,   or    make   Confcience  of  ones  words  and   actions, 
 {S^Y^  was  the  way  to  be  avoided  as  a  Schifmatick,  a  Fanatick, 
 or  a    Sectarian  ;  though   if  there  was  any   real    Religion 
 during  the  courfe  of  this  Reign,  it  was  chiefly  among  thofe 
 People.     They  who  did  not  applaud  the  new  Ceremonies 
 were  marked  out  for  Prefbyterians,  and  every   Prefbyte- 
 rian  was  a  Rebel.     The   old  Clergy  who  had  been  fequef- 
 tered  for  fcandal,  having  taken  Poffefllon  of  their  Livings, 
 were  intoxicated  with  their  new  felicity,  and  threw  off  all 
 the  reftraints  they  were  under  before  ;  every   week  (fays 
 Life.Part  II.  Mr.  Baxter)  produced  reports  of  one  or  other  Clergyman 
 p.  287.         w]10  was  taken  up  by  the  watch  drunk  at  Night,  and  mob- 
 bed in  the  Streets.     Some  were  taken  with  lewd  Women  ; 
 and  one  was  reported  to   be  drunk  in    the  Pulpit.       Such 
 was  the  general  diiTolution  of  manners  which  attended  the 
 tide  of  joy  that  overflowed  the  Nation  upon  his  Majefty's 
 Reftoration  ! 
 Death  of  About  this  time  died  the  Reverend  Mr.    Francis  Taylor, 
 
 Mr.  Taylor,  fometime  Rector  of  Clapham  in  Surry,  and  afterwards  of 
 Yalden,  from  whence  he  was  called  to  fit  in  the  AlTem- 
 bly  of  Divines  at  Weftminfter,  and  had  a  confiderable 
 mare  in  the  Annotations  which  go  under  their  Name. 
 From  Yalden  Mr.  Taylor  removed  to  Canterbury,  and 
 became  Preacher  of  Chrifl  Church  in  that  City,  where  I 
 prefume  he  died,  leaving  behind  him  the  Character  of  a 
 learned  Critick  in  the  Oriental  Languages,  and  one  of 
 the  mod  confiderable  Divines  of  the  Alterably.  He  pub- 
 lished feveral  valuable  Works,  and  among  others  a  Tranf- 
 lation  of  the  Jerufalem  Targum  on  the  Pentateuch  out 
 of  the  Chaldee  into  Latin,  dedicated  to  the  learned 
 Mr.  Gataker  of  Rotherhithe,  with  a  Prefatory  Epiftle  of 
 Selden's,  and  feveral  others,  relating  to  Jewifh  Antiqui- 
 ties. Among  the  Letters  to  Archbifhop  Ulher  there  is 
 one  from  Mr.  Taylor,  dated  from  Clapham,  1625.  He 
 correfponded  alfo  with  Boetius,  and  mod  of  the  learned 
 Men  of  his  time.  He  left  behind  him  a  Son  who  was  blind, 
 but  ejected  for  Non-conformity  in  the  year  1662,  from  St. 
 Alphage  Church  in  Canterbury,  where  he  lies  buried. 
 
 CHAP. 
 
Chap.  V.        of  the  Puritan  s.  231 
 
 CHAP.    V. 
 
 From  the  Refloration  of  King  Charles  II.  to  the  Confe- 
 rence at  the  Savoy. 
 
 BEFORE  we  relate  the  Conference  between  the  Epif-      King 
 copal  and  Prefbyterian  Divines  about  a  Comprehenfion,  Charles  II. 
 it  will  be  proper  to  reprefent  the  views  of  the  Court,  and       i66°' 
 the  Bifhops,  who  had  promifed  to  come  to  a  temper,  and  view^oTthe 
 to  bury  all  pad  offences  under  the  foundation  of  the  Refto-  Court  and 
 ration.     The  point  in  debate  was,  "  Whether  Conceifions  ^ the  Bl~ 
 "  mould  be  made,  and  pains  taken  to  gain  the   Prefbyteri-      ps* 
 "  ans?"  The  King  feemed  to  be  for  it;    but  the-Court  Bi- 
 fhops, with  Lord  Clarendon  at  their  head,  were  absolutely 
 againft  it :  Clarendon  was  a  Man  of  high  and  abfolute  prin- 
 ciples, and  gave  himfelf  up  to  the  Bifhops,    for  the  fervicc 
 they  did  him  in  reconciling  the  King  to  his  Daughter's  clan- 
 deltine  marriage  with  the  Duke  of  York.     If  his  Lordfhip 
 had  been  for   moderate  meafures  the   greater!  part  of  the 
 Prefbyterians  might  have  been  gained  ;  but  he  would  not  dif— 
 oblige  the  Bifhops  ;  the  reafons  of  whofe  angry  behaviour, 
 were,   r.  ef  Their  high  notions  of  the  Epifcopal  form  of  Go- 
 "  vernment,  as  neceffary  to  the  very  Effence  of  aChriftian 
 "  Church.  2.  The  refentments  that  remained  in  theirbreafb 
 "  againft  all  who  had  engaged  with  the  Long  Parliament, 
 *4  and    had  been   the  caufe  of  their   Sufferings.     3.    The 
 "  Prefbyterians  being  legally  poifeffed  of  mod  of  the  Bene- 
 "  flees  in   Church  and   State,  it  was  thought  neceffary  to 
 cl  difpoffefs  them  ;  and  if  there  mull:  be  a  Schifm,  rather 
 "  to  have  it  out  of  the  Church  than  within  it j"  for  it  had 
 been   obferved,  that  the  half  Conformity   of  the  Puritans 
 before  the  War,  had  in  mofl  Cities  and  Corporations,  oc- 
 cafioned  a  faction  between  the  Incumbents  and  Lecturers, 
 which  latter  had  endeavoured  to  render  themfelves  popular 
 at  the  expence  of  the  Hierarchy  of  the  Church.     4.  Befides, 
 "  They  had   too  much  credit   in  Elections  of  Parliament 
 "  Men  ;"    therefore   inflead   of    ufing    methods  to  bring 
 them  into  the  Church   (fays  Bifhop  Burnet)  they  refolved  p.178, 170 
 to  feek  the  mofl  effectual  ones  for  cafting  them  out.     Here 
 was  no   Gratitude,    no   Remembrance   of    paft   Services, 
 nor  Compaffion    for   weak  or    prejudiced   Minds,    but  a 
 fixed  Refolution  to  difarm  their  Opponents  and  fend   them 
 a  begging  ;    fo  that  the  Conferences  with   the  Prefbyteri- 
 ans which  followed,  were  no  better  than  an  amufement  to 
 P  4  keep 
 
232  The    HISTORY  Vol.  IV-, 
 
 keep  them  quiet  till  they  could  obtain  a  Law  to  ftrike  them 
 ail  dead  at  once. 
 
 The  King  was  devoted  to  his  pleafures,  and  had  no  prin- 
 ciples of  Religion;  his  grand  defign  was  to  lay  afleep  the 
 former  troubles,  and  to  unite  both  Proteftant  and  Papift  un- 
 der his  Government ;  with  this  view  he  fubmitted  to  the 
 fcheme  of  the  Bifhops,  in  hopes  of  making  it  fubfervient  to 
 a  general  Toleration  ;  which  nothing  could  make  fo  necef- 
 fary,  as  having  great  bodies  of  Men  fhut  out  of  the  Church, 
 and  put  under  fevere  penal  Laws,    who  mould  move  for  a 
 Toleration,  and   make  it  reasonable  for  the  Legiflature    to 
 grant  it ;  but  it  was  his  Majefty's  refclution,  that  "  what* 
 f  foever  fhould  be  granted  of  that  fort,    mould  pafs   in  fo 
 "  large  a  manner,  that  Papifts  as  well  as  other   Sectaries 
 iC  mould  be  comprehended  within  it."     The  Duke  of  York 
 and  all  the  Papifts  were  in  this  fcheme  ;   they  declared  abfo- 
 lutely  againft  a  comprehenfion,  but  were  very  much  for   a 
 general  Toleration,  as  what  was  neceffary  for  the  Peace  of 
 the   Nation,  and  promoting  the  Catholick  Caufe.     If  the 
 Reader  will  keep  thefe  things  in  mind,   he  will  not  be  fur- 
 prized  that  all  attempts   for    an  accommodation  with  Pi'o- 
 teftants  only  were  vain  and  fruitlefs. 
 Piesbyteri-         The  well   meaning  Prefbyterians   were   all    this   while 
 fo8  addre&    ^rwmE  againft  the  ftream,  and  making  Intereft  with  a  fet  of 
 Compre-       Men  who  were  now  laughing  in  their  fleeves  at  the  abje<5t 
 henilon.        Condition  to   which  the  follies  of  their  Adverfaries  had  re- 
 k.  Chron.     duced   h  Th       oJrercd  Archbifhop  Ufher's  model  of 
 
 p.  '73-  ...--,.  J  l 
 
 primitive  Epifcopacy  as  a  Plan  of  Accommodation ;   that  the 
 Surplice,  the  Crofs  in  Baptifm,  and  kneeling  at  the  Commu- 
 K  Chron      n'on?  fhould  be  left  indifferent.     They  were  content  to  fet 
 p.  182.  aiide  the  Aflembly's  Confefiicn,  and  let  the  articles  of  the 
 
 Church  of  England  take  place  with  fome  few  amendments. 
 About  the  middle  of  June  Mr.  Calamy,  Dr.  Reynolds,  Mr. 
 Afhe,  Mr.  Baxter,  Dr.  Wallis,  Dr.  Manton,  and  Dr. 
 Spurftow,  waited  upon  the  King,  being  introduced  by  the 
 Earl  of  Manchester,  to  crave  his  Majefty's  interpofition  for 
 reconciling  the  differences  in  the  Church  :  that  the  people 
 mighi;  not  be  deprived  of  their  faithful  Paftors :  Honeft  Mr. 
 Baxter  told  his  Majefty,  that  the  intereft  of  the  late  Ufur- 
 pers  with  the  pecple  was  their  encouraging  Religion  ;  and  he 
 hoped  the  King  would  not  undo,  but  rathar  go  beyond  the 
 good  which  Cromwel,  or  any  other  had  done.  They  laid  a 
 good  deal  of  ftrefs  on  their  own  Loyalty,  and  carefully  diftin- 
 guifhed  between  their  own  behaviour,  and  that  of  other  Sec- 
 taries, who  had  been  diftoyal  and  factious.     The  King  told 
 
 them, 
 
Chap.  V.         of  the  P  u  R  1  t  A  n  s.  233 
 
 them,  "  He  was  gkd  to  hear  of  their  inclinations  to  an  a-   r,KinS 
 *«  greement ;  that  he  would  do  his  part   to  bring  them  to-       "6^Q   ' 
 *'  gether,  but  this  muftjnot  be  by  bringing  one  party  over  to  a-  «   —  v-_y 
 *'  nother,  but  by  abating  fomewhat  on  both  fides  and  meet-  lb.  p.  183. 
 "  ing  in  the  midway  ;  and  that  if  it  was  not  accomplifhed  it 
 **  mould  not  be  his  fault  ;  nay,  he  faid,  he  was  refolved  to 
 "  fee  it  brought  to  pafs."     Accordingly  his  Majefty  required 
 them  to  draw  up  fuch  propofals  as  they  thought  meet  for  an 
 agreement  about  Church-Government,  and  to  fet  down  the 
 mod  they  could  yield ;  promifing  them  a  meeting  with  fome 
 Epifcopal  Divines  in  his  Majefty's  Preience,  when  their  pro- 
 pofals  were   ready.     Upon  this  they  fummoned   the   City  Baxter 
 Minifters  to  meet  and  confult  at  Sion  College,  not  exclud-  Partli. 
 ing  fuch  Gf  their  Country  Brethren  as  would  attend,  that  it  P«232- 
 might  not  be  faid  afterwards  they  took  upon  themielves  the 
 concluding  fo  weightv  an  affair.     After  two  or  three  Weeks 
 Confultation  they  agreed  upon  a  Paper  to  the  following  pur- 
 pofe,  drawn  up  chiefly  by  Dr.  Reynolds,  Dr.  Worth,  and 
 Mr.  Calamy,  which,  together  with  Archbifhop  Ufher's  re- 
 duction of  Epifcopacy,  they  offered  to  the  King  ;  with  the 
 following  Addrefs. 
 
 May  it  pleafe  your  mod  excellent  Majefty, 
 "  YY7  E  your  Majefty's  mod  loyal  Subjects  cannot  but  ac- 
 "  W  knowledge  it  as  a  very  great  Mercy  of  God,  that 
 "  immediately  after  (o  wonderful  and  peaceable  Refloration 
 "  to  your  Throne  and  Government  (for  which  we  blefs  his 
 "  name)  he  has  ftir'd  up  your  Royal  Heart,  as  to  a  zealous 
 *'  teftimony  againft  prophanenefs,  fo  to  endeavour  an  happy 
 "  compofing  of  the  differences,  and  healing  the  fad  breaches 
 "  which  are  in  the  Church.  And  we  fharl,  according  to 
 "  our  bounden  duty,  become  humble  Suitors  to  the  Throne 
 "  of  Grace,  that  the  God  of  Peace,  who  has  put  fuch  a 
 **  thing  as  this  into  your  Majefty's  Heart,  will,  by  his  hea- 
 *'  venly  Wildom  and  holy  Spirit,  afllft  you  herein,  that  you 
 "  may  bring  your  Refolutions  to  a  perfect  Effect  and  Iflue — 
 "  In  humble  conformity  to  your  Majefty's  Chriftian  de- 
 "  ftgns,  we  taking  it  for  granted,  that  there  is  a  firm 
 "  Agreement  between  our  Brethren  and  us,  in  the  doctrinal 
 "  truths  of  the  reform'd  Religion,  and  in  the  fubftantial 
 **  parts  of  divine  Worihip,  humbly  deftre, 
 
 Firft,  That  we  may  be  fecured  of  thofe  things  in  practice  Abftraa  of 
 1 '  of  which  we  feem  to  be  agreed  in  principle  ;  as,  their  firft 
 
234  The  HISTORY  Vol.  IV. 
 
 K^S  i.  "  That  thofe  of  our  Flocks  that  are  ferious  in  matters 
 
 i($6o.  '  "  °f  ^eir  Salvation  may  not  be  reproachfully  handled  by 
 words  of  fcorn,  or  any  abuiive  language,  but  may  be  en- 
 couraged in  their  duties  of  exhorting  and  provoking  one 
 another  in  their  mod  holy  Faith,  and  of  furthering  one 
 another  in  the  Ways  of  eternal  Life. 
 
 2.  "  That  each  Congregation  may  have  a  learned,  ortho- 
 -'  dox,  and  godly  Paffor,  that  the  people  may  be  publickly 
 ''  inftrudred  by  preaching  every  Lord's  Day,  by  catechifing, 
 :'  by  frequent  adminiftring  the  Lord's  Supper  and  Baptifm  ; 
 •'  and  that  effectual  provifion  by  Law  may  be  made,  that 
 '  fuch  as  are  infufficient,  negligent,  or  fcandalous,  may  not 
 '  officiate. 
 
 3.  "  That  none  may  be  admitted  to  the  Lord's  Supper 
 u  till  they  perfonally  own  their  baptifmal  Covenant  by  a 
 lt  credible  Prcfeffion  of  Faith  and  Holinefs,  not  contradicled 
 '■'  by  a  fcandalous  life.  That  to  fuch  only  Confirmation 
 '•'  may  be  adminifler 'd  ;  and  that  the  approbation  of  the  Paf- 
 "  tor  to  whom  the  inft.ru  cling  thofe  under  his  charge  doth 
 "  appertain,  may  be  produced  before  any  perfon  receives 
 "  Confirmation. 
 
 4.  "  That  an  effectual  courfe  be  taken  for  the  fanclificati- 
 ■(  on  of  the  Lord's  Day,  appropriating  the  fame  to  holy  Ex- 
 iC  erciils  both  in  publick  and  private,  without  any  unneceiTa- 
 '*   ry  divertifements." 
 
 "■  Then  for  matters  in  difference  (viz.)  Church  Govern- 
 t'  meat,  Liturgy,  and  Ceremonies,  we  humbly  reprefent. 
 
 "  That  we  do  not  renounce  the  true  antient  primitive  E- 
 "  pifaopacy  or  prcfidency,  as  it  was  balianced  with  a  due 
 "  commix  tion  of  Prefbyters.  If  therefore  your  Majefty,  in 
 "  your  grave  wifdom  and  moderation,  fhall  conftitute  iuch  an 
 "  Epifeopacy,  we  fhall  humbly  fubmit  thereunto.  And  in 
 (i  order  to  an  accommodation  in  this  weighty  affair,  wc  de- 
 *'  fire  humbly  to  offer  fome  particulars  which  we  conceive 
 t:  were  amifs  in  the  Epifcopal  Government  as  it  was  praclifed 
 
 before  the  year  1640. 
 
 1.  **  The  great  extent  of  the  Bifhops  diocefe,  which  we 
 apprehend  too  large  for  his  perfonal  inflection. 
 
 2.  "  That  by  reafon  of  this  difability  the  Bifhops  did  de- 
 pute the  Administration,  in  matters  of  fpiritual  cognizance, 
 to  Commiffaries,  Chancellors,  Officials,  whereof  fome  are 
 fecular  perfons,  and  could  not  adminifter  that  power  that 
 originally  belongs  to  the  Officers  of  the  Church. 
 
 3.  That  the  Bifhops  did  aflume  the  fole  power  of  ordina- 
 nation  and  jurjfdicnon  to  themfelves. 
 
 4.  That 
 
 (.<. 
 
Chap.  V.  of  the  Purita  n  s. 
 
 a.  "  That  fome  of  the  Bifhops  exercifed  an  arbitrary 
 "  power,  by  fending  forth  articles  of  vifitation,  enquiring 
 "  unwarrantably  into  feveral  things ;  and  (wearing  Church 
 "  Wardens  to  prefent  accordingly.  Alfo  many  innovations 
 *'  and  ceremonies  were  impofed  upon  Minifters  and  people 
 "  not  required  by  law. 
 
 "  For  remedy  of  thefe  evils  we  crave  leave  to  offer, 
 
 i.  'f  The  late  mod  Reverend  Primate  of  Ireland,  his 
 "''  reduction  of  epifcopacy  into  the  form  of  fynodical  Go- 
 *'.  vernment. 
 
 i.  <k  We  humbly  defire,  that  the  Suffragans,  or  Chore- 
 "  pifcopi,  may  be  chofen  by  the  refpecYive  fynods. 
 
 3.  "  That  no  oaths  or  promifes  of  obedience  to  the 
 "  Bifhops,  nor  any  unnecefTary  fubfcriptions  or  engage- 
 "  ments  be  made  necelTary  to  ordination,  inftitution,  or  in- 
 fi  du£tion,  miniftration,  communion,  or  immunities  of  Minil- 
 **  ters,  they  being  refponfible  for  any  tranfgreffion  of  the  law. 
 "  And  that  no  Bifhops  or  ecclefiaftical  Governors  may  exer- 
 tc  cife  their  government,  by  their  private  will,  or  pleafure, 
 "  but  only  by  fuch  Rules,  Cauons,  and  Conftitutions,  as  mail 
 "  be  eftablifned  by  Parliament." 
 
 Secondly,  "  Concerning  Liturgy. 
 
 1.  M  We  are  fatisfied  in  our  Judgments  concerningthe  law- 
 *.'  fulnefs  of  a  liturgy,  or  form  of  Worfhip,  provided  it  be 
 "  for  matter  agreeable  to  the  Word  of  God,  and  fuited  to 
 "  the  nature  of  the  feveral  ordinances  and  neceffities  of  the 
 "  Church,  neither  too  tedious,  nor  compofed  of  too  fhort 
 *'  Prayers  or  Refponfals,  nor  diffonant  from  the  liturgies  of 
 *'  other  reformed  Churches,  nor  too  rigoroufly  impofed,  nor 
 "  the  Minifter  confined  thereunto,  but  that  he  may  alfo 
 "  make  ufe  of  his  gifts  for  Prayer  and  Exhortation. 
 
 2.  "  Forafmuch  as  the  Book  of  Common-Prayer  is  in 
 "  fome  things  jufrly  offenfive,  and  needs  amendment,  we 
 "  mod  humbly  pray,  that  fome  learned,  godly,  and  mode- 
 *'  rate  Divines  of  both  perfuafions,  may  be  employed  to 
 **  compile  fuch  a  form  as  is  before  defcribed,  as  much  as 
 "  may  be  in  Scripture  words ;  or  at  leaft  to  revife,  and  rc- 
 *'  form  the  old  ;  together  with  an  addition  of  other  various 
 
 '  forms  in   Scripture  Phrafe,  to  be  ufed  at  the  Minifter's 
 "  choice." 
 
 Thirdly,  "  Concerning  Ceremonies. 
 "  We  hold  our  felves  obliged  in  every  part  of  Divine 
 "  Worlhip,  to  do  all  things  decently  and  in  order,  and  to 
 
 Edification  ; 
 
236  The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y       Vol.  IV. 
 
 K'"g      "  Edification;  and  are  willing  to  be  determined  by  authori- 
 1660.  '   "  ty  in  fuch  things,  as  being  meerly  circumftantial,  are  com- 
 mon to  human  actions  and  focieties,  and  are  to  be  ordered 
 by  the  light  of  Nature,  and  human  Prudence. 
 "  As  to  divers  Ceremonies  formerly  retain 'd  in  the  Church 
 "  of  England,  we  do,  in  all  humility  offer  to    your   Majefty 
 "  the  following  Considerations. 
 
 u  That  the  worfhip  of  God  is  in  itfelf  pure  and  perfect, 
 "  and  decent,  without  any  fuch  Ceremonies.  That  it  is  then 
 "  moft  pure  and  acceptable  when  it  has  leaft  of  human  mix- 
 "  tures.  That  thefe  Ceremonies  have  been  impofed  and  ad- 
 '*  vanced  by  fome,  fb  as  to  draw  near  to  the  fignifkancy  and 
 "  moral  efficacy  of  Sacraments.  That  they  have  been  re- 
 (<  jetted  by  many  of  the  reformed  Churches  abroad,  and 
 w  have  been  ever  the  fubject  of  contention  and  endlefs  Dif- 
 "  putes  in  this  Church  ;  and  therefore  being  in  their  own  na- 
 '*  rure  indifferent,  and  mutable,  they  ought  to  be  changed, 
 w  left  in  time  they  mould  be  apprehended  as  necefTary  as  the 
 "  fubftantials  of  Worfhip  themfelves. 
 
 "  May  it  therefore  pleafe  your  Majefty  gracioufly  to  grant, 
 "  that  Kneeling  at  the  Lord's  Supper,  and  fuch  Holy  Days 
 "  as  are  but  of  human  Inftitu.ion,  may  not  be  impofed  on 
 "  fuch  as  fcruple  them.  Tha  the  ufe  of  the  Surplice  and 
 *'  Crofs  in  Baptifm,  and  bowing  at  the  Name  of  Jefus,  may 
 "  be  abolished.  And  forafmuch  as  erecting  Altars  and  bow- 
 "  ing  towards  them,  and  fuch  like  (having  no  foundation  in 
 "  the  law  of  the  Land)  have  been  introduced  and  impofed, 
 w  we  humbly  befeech  your  Majefty,  that  fuch  Innovations 
 "  may  not  be  ufed  or  impofed  for  the  future." 
 
 Their  Re-  When  the  Prefbyterian  Divines  came  to  Court  with  thefe 
 caption.  propofals,  the  King  received  them  favourably,  and  promifed 
 to  bring  both  parties  together.  His  Majefty  told  them,  he 
 was  giad  to  hear  that  they  were  for  a  Liturgy,  and  forms 
 of  Prayer,  and  that  they  were  willing  to  yield  to  the  eilence 
 of  Epifcopacy,  and  therefore  he  doubted  not  of  procuring  an 
 Accommodation.  The  Minifters  expected  to  have  met  the 
 Bifhops  with  their  papers  of  propofals,  but  none  of  them 
 appeared,  having  been  better  iuftruc~ted  in  a  private  confe- 
 rence with  the  Lord  Chancellor  Hyde,  who  told  them,  it  was 
 not  their  bufinefs  to  bring  propofals,  becaufe  they  were  in 
 poffeffion  d  the  laws  of  the  Land;  that  the  Hierarchy  and 
 Service  Book  being  the  only  legal  Eftablifhment,  ought  to  be 
 the  Standard  of  agreement ;  and  therefore  they  had  nothing 
 
 to 
 
Chap.  V.  of  the  Puritans,  237 
 
 to  do  but  to  anfwer  the  Exceptions  of  the  Minifters  againft   (  Kinf 
 it.     Accordingly,  inftead  of  a  Conference.,  or  paper  of  pro-      ,a^    * 
 pofals,  which  the  Minifters  expected,  the  Bilhops  having  ob-  V>"Y*N^ 
 tained  a  copy  of  the  Paper  of  the  Prefbyterians,  drew  up  an 
 anfwer  in  writing,  which  was  communicated  to  their  Minifters, 
 July  8. 
 
 In  this  Anfwer  the  Bifhops  take   notice  of  the  Minifters  Abftraftof 
 conceiTions  in  their  preamble,  "  as  that  they  agree  with  them  'he  ^lops 
 '*  in  the  Subftantials  of  Dodhine  and  Worfhip  ;  "  and  infer  K^chron. 
 from  thence,  that  their  particular  Exceptions  are  of  lefs  im-  p/200. 
 portance,  and  ought  not  to  be  flood  upon  to  the  difturbance  of  ^ ter  s 
 the  Peace  of  the  Church,  pan '11. 
 
 p.  24a. 
 To  the  particulars  they  anfwer, 
 
 1.  Concerning  Church-Government,  "  That  they  never 
 «'  heard  any  juft  reafons  for  a  dilTent  from  the  Ecclefiaftical 
 "  Hierarchy  of  this  Kingdom,  which  they  believe  in  the  main 
 "  to  be  the  true  Primitive  Epifcopacy,  which  was  more  than 
 <c  a  meer  prefidency  of  Order.  Nor  do  they  find  that  it  was  Baxter' 
 "  ballanced  by  any  authoritative  commixtion  of  Prefbyters, 
 *  *  tho'  it  has  been  in  all  times  exercifed  with  the  afliftance  and 
 "  counsel  of  Preibyters,  in  fubordination  to  Bifhops.  They 
 "  wonder  that  they  fhould  except  againft  the  Government 
 "  by  one  fingle  perfon,  which,  if  applied  to  the  civil  Ma- 
 "  giftrate,  is  a  raoft  dangerous  infinuation." 
 As  to  the  four  particular  Inftances  of  things  amifs. 
 
 1.  "  We  cannot  grant  the  extent  of  any  diocefe  is  ib  great, 
 '•'  but  that  a  Bifhop  may  well  perform  his  Duty,  which  is 
 "  not  a  perfonal  inipecYion  of  every  Man's  Soul,  but  the  paf- 
 "  toral  charge,  or  taking  care  that  the  Minifters,  and  other 
 "  Ecclefiaftical  Officers  within  their  Diocefs,  do  their  duties  ; 
 **  and  if  fome  DiocelTes  fhould  be  too  large,  the  Law  allows 
 M  Suffragans. 
 
 2.  "  Concerning  Lay -Chancellors,  &c.  we  confefs  the 
 "  Bifhops  did  depute  part  of  their  ecclefiaftical  jurifdiclion  to 
 '*  Chancellors,  CommifTaries,  Officials,  &c.  as  men  better 
 **  fkill'd  in  the  civil  and  canon  Laws ;  but  as  for  matters  of 
 "  mere  fpiritual  concernment,  as  Excommunication,  Abfolu- 
 **  tion,  and  other  cenfures  of  the  Church,  we  conceive  they 
 "  belong  properly  to  the  Bifhop  himfelf,  or  his  Surrogate, 
 "  wherein  if  any  thing  has  been  done  amifs,  we  are  willing  it 
 <£  fhould  be  reformed. 
 
 3.  "  Whether  Bifhops  are  a  diftincTOrder  from  Prefbyters, 
 *'  or  not  ?  or,  Whether  they  have  the  fole  Power  of  ordina- 
 "  tion  ;  is  not  now   the   Queftion ;  but  we    affirm,   that 
 
 "  the 
 
238  The  HISTORY         Vol.  IV. 
 
 1660. 
 
 King        "  the  Bifhops  of  this  Realm  have  conftantly  ordained  with 
 Ch"'f IL    "  tne  a^ance  °f  Prefoyters,  and  the  impofition  of  their 
 Hands   together   with    the  Bifhops,  and  for  this  purpofe 
 the  Colleges  of  Deans  and  Chapters  are  inflituted. 
 4.  "  As  to  Archbifhop  Ufher's  model  of  Church-Gc- 
 "  vernment,  we  decline  it,  as  not  confident  with  his  other 
 "  learned  difcourfes  on    the  original  of  Epifcopacy,  and  of 
 "  Metropolitans;  nor  with  the  King's  Supremacy  in  caufes 
 <<  EcclefiafticaL" 
 
 II.  Concerning  Liturgy. 
 
 "  We  efteem  the  Liturgy  of  the  Church  of  England, 
 <c  contained  in  the  Book  of  Common-prayer,  and  by  Law 
 "  eflablifhed,  to  be  fuch  an  one  as  is  by  them  defired,  ac- 
 "  cording  to  the  qualifications  which  they  mention ;  the 
 "  difufe  of  which  has  been  the  caufe  of  the  fad  divifions 
 <s  of  the  Church,  and  the  refloringit  may  be,  by  God's 
 "  Blefling,  a  fpecial  means  of  making  up  the  breach.  Nor 
 "  can  the  impofition  of  it  be  called  rigorous,  as  long  as 
 "•  Clergymen  have  the  Liberty  of  ufing  their  Gifts  before 
 "  and  after  Sermon.  Neverthelefs  we  are  not  againft  re- 
 "  viilng  the  Liturgy  by  fuch  difcreet  perfons  as  his  Majefty 
 "  fhall  think  fit  to  employ  therein." 
 
 III.  Of  Ceremonies. 
 
 "  Lawful  Authority  has  already  determined  the  Ceremo- 
 "  nies  in  queftion  to  be  decent  and  orderly,and  for  edificati- 
 "  on, and  confequently  to  be  agreeable  to  the  general  Rules 
 "  of  the  Word.  We  allow  the  Worfhip  of  God  is  in  itfelf 
 "  perfecl:  in  effentials,  but  ftill  the  Church  is  at  liberty  to 
 rt  improve  it  with  Circumftantials  for  Decency  and  Order. 
 "  Ceremonies  were  never  efteemed  to  be  Sacraments,  nor 
 *'  impofed  as  fuch  ;  they  are  retained  by  moft  Proteftant 
 "  Churches  ;  and  that  they  have  been  the  fubjeft  of  Con- 
 "  tention  is  owing  to  Mens  Weaknefs,  and  their  unwilling- 
 a  nefs  to  fubmit  their  private  opinions  to  the  publick  judg- 
 tC  ment  of  the  Church.  We  acknowledge,  that  thefe 
 i(  things  are  in  their  Nature  mutable,  but  we  can  by  no 
 "  means  think  it  expedient  to  remove  them.  However,  as 
 **  we  are  no  way  againft  fuch  a  tender  and  religious  com- 
 '*  pailion  in  things  of  this  Nature,  as  his  Majefty's  Piety 
 "  and  Wifdom  fhall  think  fit  to  extend  ;  fo  we  cannot 
 '*  think  that  the  fatisfa&ion  of  fome  private  perfons  is  to  be 
 
 «  laid 
 
Chap.  V.       of  the  P  u  r  i  t  a  n  s. 
 
 "  laid  in  the  balance  againft  the  publick  peace  and  unifor- 
 "  mity  of  the  Church. 
 
 "  As  for  kneeling  at  the  Lord's  Supper,  it  is  a  gefture  of 
 "  the  greateft  Reverence  and  Devotion,  and  fo  moft  agree- 
 "  able  to  that  holy  Service. 
 
 "  Holy  Days  of  human  Inflitution  having  been  obferved 
 "  by  the  people  of  God  in  the  Old  Teftament,  and  by  our 
 **  blefted  Savionr  himfelf  in  the  Gofpel,  and  by  all  the 
 "  Churches  of  Chrift  in  the  primitive  and  following  times, 
 "  as  apt  means  to  preferve  the  Memorials  of  the  chief  My- 
 "  fteries  of  the  Chriftian  Religion  :  And  fuch  Holy  Days 
 "  alfo  being  fit  times  for  the  honeft  recreation  of  the  meaner 
 "  fort  of  People;  for  thefe  reafons  we  humbly  delire  they 
 *'  may  be  continued  in  the  Church. 
 
 "  As  for  the  three  other  Ceremonies,  the  Surplice,  the 
 "  Crofs  after  Baptifm,  and  bowing  at  the  Name  of  Jefus, 
 "  tho' we  fee  not  any  fufficient  reafon  why  they  mould  be 
 "  utterly  abolifhed,  neverthelefs,  how  far  forth,  in  regard 
 (i  of  tender  Confciences,  a  Liberty  may  be  thought  fit  to 
 "  be  indulged  to  any,  hisMajefty  is  beft  able  to  judge. 
 
 They  conclude  thus,  "  We  are  fo  far  from  believing 
 "  that  his  Majefty's  condefcending  to  the  Minifters  de- 
 "  mands  will  take  away  not  only  our  differences,  but  the 
 *'  roots  and  caufes  of  them,  that  we  are  confident  it  will 
 "  prove  the  feminary  of  new  differences,  both  by  giving 
 "  diffatisfaction  to  thofe  that  are  well  pleafed  with  what  is 
 "  already  eftablifhed,  who  are  much  the  greateft  part  of 
 "  his  Majefty's  Subjects ;  and  by  encouraging  unquiet 
 *'  Spirits,  when  thefe  things  fhall  be  granted,  to  make 
 "  further  demands ;  there  being  no  affurance  by  them 
 "  given,  what  will  content  all  Diffenters,  than  which  no- 
 *t  thing  is  more  neceffarv  for  fettling  a  firm  Peace  in  the 
 "  Church." 
 
 About  a  Week  after,  the  Presbyterian  Divines  fent  the  Bi-  Abnraa0f 
 fhops  a  warm  Remonftrance,  and  Defence  of  their  Propo-  thePref- 
 fals,  drawn  up  chiefly  by  Mr.  Baxter,  to  the  following  pur-  tyterians 
 
 r  Defence  of 
 
 P0fe-  their  Pro- 
 
 pofals. 
 
 Concerning  the  Preamble.  K*  chr"  ?• 
 
 Baxter, 
 
 "  We  arenotinfenfible  of  the  great  danger  of  the  Church,  Part  IL  P- 
 "  through  the   Doctrinal    Errors    of  thofe  with  whom  we  24  ' 
 •'  differ  alfo  about  points  of  Government  and  Worfhip  ;  but 
 
 we  choofe  to  fay  nothing  of  the  party  that  we  are  agreed 
 
 "  with 
 
240  The  HISTORY        Vol.  IV. 
 
 King  «  wjth  in  Do£trinaIs,  becaufe  we  both  fubfcribe  the  fame 
 ^S/1"  "  ho,y  Scriptures,  Articles  of  Religion,  and  Books  of  Ho- 
 w-*"Y"\^  "  milies  ;  and  the  contradictions  to  their  own  Confeflions, 
 
 "  which  too  many  are  guilty  of,  we  did  not  think  jufl:  to 
 
 "  charge  upon  the  Whole." 
 
 Concerning  Church- Government. 
 
 "  Had  you  read  Gerfon,  Bucer,  Parker,  Baynes,  Sal- 
 "  mafius,  Blondel,  &c.  you  would  have  feen  juft  reafon 
 "  given  for  ourdiffent  from  the  Ecclefiaftical  Hierarchy  as 
 ««  ftated  in  England." 
 
 Inftances  of  Things  amifs. 
 
 "   You  would  eafily  grant  that  Diocefes  are  too  great,  if 
 
 "  you  had  ever  confcionably   tried   the  Task  which  Dr. 
 
 "  Hammond  defcribeth  as  the  Bifhop's  Work  ;  or  had  ever 
 
 "  believed  Ignatius,  and  other  antient  Defcriptions  of  a  Bi- 
 
 "  mop's  Church.     You  cannot  be  ignorant,  that  our  Bi- 
 
 "  fhops  have  the  fole  Government  of  Paftors  and  People  ; 
 
 "  that  the  whole  Power  of  the  Keys  is  in  their  Hands,  and 
 
 '*  that  their  Presbyters  are  but  Cyphers." 
 
 Concerning  Ceremonies. 
 
 "  Thefe  Divines  argue  for  leaving  them  indifferent  for 
 "  the  peace  of  the  Church,  as  being  not  effential  to  the 
 "  perfection  of  Chriftian  Worfhip,  efpecially  when  fo  many 
 "  looked  upon  them  as  linful." 
 
 They  conclude  thus,  "  We  perceive  your  Counfels 
 *'  againft  Peace  are  not  likely  to  be  fruftrated.  Your  Defires 
 "  concerning  us  are  likely  to  be  accomplifhed.  You  are 
 *'  like  to  be  gratified  with  our  filence  and  ejection  ;  and  yet 
 "  we  will  believe,  that  Bleffed  are  the  Peace-makers  ;  and 
 "  tho'  we  are  prevented  by  you  in  our  purfuits  of  Peace, 
 "  and  are  never  like  thus  publickly  to  feek  it  more,  yet  are 
 "  we  refolved,  as  much  as  poflible,  to  live  peaceably  with 
 "  all  Men." 
 
 The  begin-  The  Eyes  of  the  Presbyterians  were  now  opened,  and 
 ningof  the  they  began  to  confefs  their  Credulity  in  expecting  an  agree- 
 SufFerings  ment  with  the  Bifhops,  who  appeared  to  be  exafperated, 
 b  teriaiJ6  an^  determined  to  tie  them  down  to  the  old  Eftablifhment. 
 The  former   Severities  began  already  to  revive,  and  the 
 
 Laws 
 
Chap.   V.  of  the  Puritans.  241 
 
 laws    to  be  put  in  Execution   againft  fuch  as  did  not  make     King 
 ufe  of  the  old  Liturgy.     Many  were  fufpended  and  turned       *ggo 
 out  of  their  Livings  on  this  account ;  upon  which  the  lead-  ^_  m  -  j 
 ing  Presbyterians  applied  to  the  King,  and  humbly  requefted, 
 
 r.  "  That  they  might  with  all  convenient  fpeed  fee  his  Who  apply 
 Majefty's  Conclufions  upon  the  Propofals  of  mutual  con-  l°  the  King 
 defcenfions,  before  they  pafs  into  Refolves.  Ljfe 
 
 2.  "  That  his  Majefty  would  publickly  declare  his  plea-  Part  ir. 
 fure  for  theSufpenfion  of  all  proceedings  upon   the  ac~r.  of  P*  24I# 
 Uniformity,  againft  Non-Conformifts  to  the  Liturgy  and 
 Ceremonies,  till   they   faw  the  iflue  of  their  hoped-for 
 Agreement. 
 
 3.  "  That  until  the  faid  Settlement  there  may  be  no 
 oath  of  canonical  Obedience,  nor  Subfcription  to  the 
 Liturgy  and  Ceremonies  required,  nor  renunciation  of 
 their  Ordination  by  meer  Prefbyters,  impofed  as  neceffa- 
 ry  to  Inftitution,  Induction,  or  Confirmation. 
 
 4.  "  That  his  Majefty  would  caufe  the  broad  Seal  to  be 
 revoked,  where  perfons  had  been  put  into  the  poffeflion 
 of  the  Livings  of  others  not  void  by  Sequeftration,  but 
 by  the  Death  of  the  former  incumbents. 
 
 5.  "  That  a  Remedy  may  be  provided  againft  the  re- 
 turn of  fcandalous  Minifters  into  the  places  from  whence 
 they  had  been  ejected." 
 
 His  Majefty  gave  them  a  civil  audience,  and  told  them,  An  Aflem- 
 he  would  put  what    he  thought   fit  to  grant  them  into  the  b!y    .Dl~ 
 
 *  °  °  vines  to 
 
 form  of  a  Declaration,  which  they  mould  have  the  liberty  perufe  the 
 of  perufing  before   it  was  made  publick.     A  Copy  of  this  King's  De- 
 was  accordingly  delivered  by  the  Chancellor  to  Mr.  Baxter,  ^  £i 
 and  other    Presbyterian  Divines,    Sept.  4,  with  liberty  to  27'9. 
 make  exceptions,  and    give  notice  of    what  they  difliked.  Baxter's 
 Thefe  Divines  petitioned  for  fome  further  amendments  and  plfe'iT 
 alterations ;  upon  which  the  King  appointed  a  day  to  hear  275, 27$, 
 what  could  be  faid  on  both  fides,  and  came  to  the  Chancel- 
 lor's Houfe,  October  22,  attended  by  the  Dukes  of  Albe- 
 marle and  Ormond,  the  Earls  of   Manchefter,  Anglefea, 
 and  Lord  Hollis. 
 
 On  the  Part  of  the  Bifhops  were, 
 
 Dr.  Sheldon,         Bifhop  of  London, 
 
 Dr.  Morley,  Worcefter, 
 
 Dr.  Henchman,  Salisbury, 
 
 Dr.  Cofms,  -    Durham, 
 
 Dr.  Gauden,  Exeter, 
 
 Dr.  Hacket,  Litchf.  and  Coventry, 
 
 Vol.  IV.  CL  Dr. 
 
242- 
 
 The    HISTORY         Vol.   IV. 
 
 King  j)r  Barwick,  Dean  of  St.  Paul's, 
 
 1660.  Dr.  Gunning,  &rc. 
 
 On  the    Side  of  the  Presbyterians  were, 
 
 Dr.  Reynolds,  Dr.  Manton, 
 
 Mr.  Calamy,  Mr.  Baxter, 
 
 Dr.  Spurftow,  Dr.  Wallis. 
 
 Mr.  Artie, 
 
 Batter'i 
 Life,  Part 
 II.  p,  278. 
 
 As  the  Chancellor  read  over  the  Declaration  each  Party 
 were  to  make  their  exceptions,  and  the  King  to  determine. 
 The  chief  Debates  were  on  the  high  Power  of  the  Eiihops, 
 and  the  neceflity  of  Re-ordination.  Bifhop  Morley  and 
 Doctor  Gunning  fpoke  moil  on  one  fide  ;  and  Mr.  Calamy 
 and  Baxter  on  the  other.  Upon  hearing  the  whole  his  Ma- 
 jelly  told  them  what  he  thought  proper  fhould  fraud  in  the 
 Declaration;  and  appointed  Bifhop  Morley  and  Henchman, 
 Doctor  Reynolds  and  Mr.  Calamy  to  determine  upon  pro- 
 per words ;  and  if  they  dilagreed  the  Earl  of  Anglefea  and 
 Lord  Hollis  to  decide. 
 
 At  length  the  Declaration,  with  fuch  Amendments  as  the 
 ,  -  King  would  admit,  was  publifhed  under  the  following  Ti- 
 tle. 
 
 Abdraaof    His  Majelly's  Declaration    to  all   his  loving  Subjects  of  his 
 the  King's        Kingdom  of  England  and  Dominion  of  Wales,  concern- 
 ing Ecclefiaftical  Affairs.     Given  at  our  Court  at  White- 
 hall,   October   25,   1660,  in   the    twelfth   year  of    ow 
 Reign. 
 
 The  Declaration  being  long,  and  to  be  met  with  in  moil 
 of  our  Hiltorians,  1  fhall  give  the  Reader  only  an  abftxadt, 
 of  it. 
 
 Declaration 
 concerning 
 Ecclefia'.ical 
 Affairs. 
 K.  Chion. 
 
 Charles  Rex. 
 
 Comp  Hift.  (i  TN  our  Letter  from  Breda  we  promifed  in  due  time  to 
 Vol.  in.  tc  X  propofe  fomething  to  the  World  for  the  propagation  of 
 "  the  Proteflant  Religion  ;  and  we  think  ourfelf  more 
 "  competent  to  propofe,  and  with  God's'  affiftance, 
 "  determine  many  things  now  in  difference,  from  the  ex- 
 "  perience  we  have  had  in  moflof  the  reformed  Churches 
 "  abroad,  where  we  have  had  frequent  Conferences  with 
 "  the  molt  learned  Men,  who  have  unanimoufly  lament- 
 "  ed  the  diftempers,  and  too  notorious  Schifms  in  Matters 
 "  of  Religion  in  England, 
 
 "  When 
 
 p.  246 
 
 Baxter's 
 Life,  Part 
 II.  p.  255, 
 
Chap.  V.       of   the  P  u  R  r  t  a  N  s;  .    24.3 
 
 "  When  we  were  in  Holland  we  were  attended  by  many  King 
 *'  grave  and  learned  Minifters  from  hence  of  the  Presbyte-  cliar|esU« 
 U  rian  opinion,  and  to  our  great  fatisfa&ion  we  found  them 
 u  full  of  affection  to  us,  no  enemies  to  Epifcopacy  or  Litur- 
 "  gy  (as  they  have  been  reported  to  be)  but  modeftly  de- 
 "  firing  fuch  alterations  as  without  fh-attering  Foundations 
 "  might  give  eafe  to  the  tendernefs  of  fome  Mens  Confci- 
 "  ences.  For  thedoingof  this  we  intended  to  have  called 
 **  a  Synod  of  Divines,  but  obferving  the  over-pafTionate  and 
 "  turbulent  way  of  proceeding  of  fome  Perfons,  and  the 
 '*  impatience  of  others  for  a  fpeedy  determination  of  thefe 
 '*  Matters,  we  have  been  prevailed  with  to  invert  the  me- 
 "  thod  we  propofed,  and  to  give  fome  determination  our- 
 -'  felf  to  the  matters  in  difference,  till  fuch  a  Synod  may 
 **  be  called,  as  may,  without  pafTion  or  prejudice,  give  us 
 **■  fuch  further  afliilance  towards  a  perfect  Union  of  Affec- 
 *'■  tions,  as  well  as  SubmifTion  to  Authority  as  is  neceffa- 
 "  17. 
 
 "  We  muft,  for  the  honour  of  all  with  whom  we  have 
 *'  conferred,  declare,  that  the  profeflions  and  defires  of  all 
 "  for  the  advancement  of  Piety  and  true  Godlinefs  are  the 
 "  fame;  their  profeflions  of  zeal  for  the  peace  of  the 
 ".  Church,  -  and  of  affection  and  duty  to  us,  the  fame  i 
 **  they  all  approve  Epifcopacy  and  a  Liturgy,  and  difap- 
 '*  prove  of  Sacrilege,  and  the  Alienation  of  the  Revenues 
 "  of  the  Church." 
 
 His  Majefty  then  declares  his  efreem  and  affection  for  the 
 Church  of  England,  and  that  his  efteem  of  it  is  not  leffen- 
 ed  by  his  condefcending  to  difpenfe  with  fome  particular  ce- 
 remonies, and  then  goes  on  to  his  Coneeffions. 
 
 1.  '.'  We  declare  our  purpofe  and  refolution  is,  and  fhall 
 *'  be,  to  promote  the  power  of  Godlinefs,  to  encourage 
 **  the  publick  and  private  exercifes  of  Religion,  to  take 
 "  care  of  the  due  observation  of  the  Lord's  Day  ;  and  that 
 "  infufficient,  negligent,  and  fcandalous  Minifters  be  not 
 '*  permitted  in  the  Church.  We  fhall  take  care  to  prefer 
 "  none  to  the  Epifcopal  Office  and  Charge  but  Men  of 
 "  Learning,  Virtue,  and  Piety  ;  and  we  mall  provide  the 
 *'  beft  we  can,  that  the  Bifhops  be  frequent  Preachers,  and 
 "  that  they  do  often  preach  in  fome  Church  or  other  of 
 "  their  Diocefe. 
 
 2.  "  Becaufe  fome  Diocefes  may  be  of  too  large  extent, 
 tc  we  will  appoint  fuch  a  number  of  Suffragans  as  fhall  be 
 "  fufficient  for  the  due  performance  of  their  Work. 
 
 CLa  3.  "  No 
 
144  The    H  I  S  T  O  R  Y        Vol.  IV. 
 
 "  No  Bifhops  (hall  ordain  01  excrcife  any  part  of  Jurif- 
 
 di&ion   which  appertains  to  the  cenfures  of  the  Church, 
 
 without   advice  and    affiftance   of    the  Presbyters.     No 
 
 Chancellors,    Commiffaries  or  Officials,  fhall  excommu- 
 
 <c  nicate,    abfolve,  or  exercife  any  a<5f.  of  Spiritual   Jurif- 
 
 "  diction,  wherein  any  of  the  Miniilry  are  concerned  with 
 
 "  reference  to  their  Paftorat  Charge.     Nor  fhall  the  Arch- 
 
 "  deacon   exercife   any   jurifdiclion  without  the  advice  and 
 
 *'  afTiftance  of  fix  Minifters  of  his  Archdeaconry  ;   three  to 
 
 "  be  nominated  by   the  Bifhop,  and  three  by  the  Suffrage 
 
 "  of  the  Presbyters  within  the  Archdeaconry. 
 
 4.  M  We  wilt  take  care,  that  the  preferment  of  Deans 
 '*  and  Chapters  fhall  be  given  to  the  mod  learned  and  pious 
 "  Presbyters  of  the  Diocefe,  and  that  an  equal  number  (to 
 "  thofe  of  the  Chapter)  of  the  mod  learned  and  pious  Pref- 
 "  bytersof  the  fame  Diocefe  annually  chofen  by  the  major 
 "  Vote  of  all  the  Presbyters  of  that  Diocefe  prefent  at  fuch 
 "  Elections,  fhall  be  always  advifing  and  affifiing,  together 
 "  with  thofe  of  the  Chapter,  in  all  Ordinations,  at  all 
 M  Church-Cenfures,  and  other  important  afts  of  Ecclefiaf- 
 u  tical  Jurifdiction  wherein  any  of  the  Miniftry  are  con- 
 "  cerned.  Provided  that  all  fuch  Meetings,  the  number  of 
 "  Minifters  fo  elected,  and  thofe  of  the  Chapter  prefent,  be 
 "  equal,  and  to  make  the  Numbers  equal,  the  Juniors  of 
 *'  the  exceeding  number  fhall  withdraw  to  make  way  for 
 "  the  more  antient.  Nor  fhall  any  fuffragan  Bifhop  ordain, 
 u  or  exercife  any  Jurifdiclion,  without  the  advice  and  affi- 
 "  ftance  of  a  fufficient  number  of  Presbyters  annually  cho- 
 "  fen  as  before.  And  our  Will  is,  that  Ordination  be 
 "  conftantly  and  folemnly  performed  by  the  Bifhop  and  his 
 "  aforefaid  Presbytery  at  the  four  fet  times  appointed  by  the 
 "  Church  for  that  purpofe. 
 
 5.  "  Confirmation  fhall  be  rightly  and  folemnly  perform- 
 '*  ed,  by  the  information,  and  with  the  confent  of  the  Mi- 
 "  nifter  of  the  Place,  who  fhall  admit  none  to  the  Lord's 
 *'  Supper,  till  they  have  made  a  credible  profefiion  of  their 
 "  Faith,  and  promifed  obedience  to  the  Will  of  God,  ac- 
 u  cording  to  the  Rubrick  before  the  Catechifm,  and  alt 
 ce  diligence  fhall  be  ufed  for  the  inftruclion  and  reformation 
 "  of  fcandalous  Offenders,  whom  the  Minifter  fhall  not  fuf- 
 "  fer  to  partake  of  the  Lord's  Supper  till  they  have  openly 
 tl  declared  their  Repentance,  and  Refolutions  of  Amend- 
 et  ment  ;  provided  there  be  place  for  Appeals  to  fuperior 
 iS  Powers.     Every   Rural  Dean  (to  be  nominated  by  the 
 
 "  Bifhop 
 
Chap.  V.  of  the  P  u  R  i  T  A  n  s.  245 
 
 "  Bifhop  as  heretofore)  with  three  or  four  Minifters  of  that      King 
 
 "  Deanery  chofen    by   the   major  Part  of  all  the  Minifters  ^"J^11, 
 
 "  within   the    fame,   fhall   meet  once  a  Month   to  receive 
 
 "  Complaints   from  the    Minifters  or  Church- Wardens  of 
 
 "   Parifhes,    and   to  compofe  fuch  differences  as  (hall  be  re- 
 
 "  ferred  to  them  for  Arbitration,  and  to  reform  fuch  things 
 
 "  as  are  amifs,  by  their  paftoral  Reproofs  and  Admonitions, 
 
 "  and  what  they  cannot  reform  are  to  be  prefented  to  the 
 
 "  Bifhop.     Moreover,  the    Rural  Dean-  and  his  AfTiftants 
 
 **  are  to  take  care  of  the  catechifing   Children  and  Youth, 
 
 "  and  that  they  can  give  a  good  account  of  their  Faith  be- 
 
 "  fore    they   are    brought   to  the  Bifhop    to  be  con  firm - 
 
 "  ed. 
 
 6.  "  No  Bifhop  fhall  exercife  any  arbitrary  power,  or 
 "  impofe  any  thing  upon  his  Clergy  or  People,  but  accord- 
 "  ing  to  the  Law  of  the  Land. 
 
 7.  "  We  will  appoint  an  equal  number  of  Divines  of 
 "  both  Perfuafions  to  review  the  Liturgy  of  the  Church  of 
 "  England,  and  to  make  fuch  alterations  as  fhall  be  thought 
 "  neceffary  ;  and  fome  additional  Forms  in  the  Scripture 
 "  Phrafe,  as  near  as  may  be,  fuited  to  the  nature  of  the 
 "  feveral  parts  of  Worfhip,  and  that  it  be  left  to  the  Mi- 
 (<  nifter's  Choice  to  ufe  one  or  the  other  at  his  Difcretion. 
 "  In  the  mean  time,  we  defire  that  the  Minifters  in  their  fe- 
 *'  veral  Churches  will  not  wholly  lay  afide  the  ufe  of  the 
 C(  Common-Prayer,  but  will  read  thofe  parts  of  it  again  ft 
 li  which  they  have  no  exception  ;  yet  our  will  and  pleafure 
 "  is,  that  none  be  punifhed  or  troubled  for  not  ufingit  till  it 
 "  be  reviewed  snd  effectually  reformed. 
 
 8.  Laftly,  "  Concerning  Ceremonies,  if  any  are  pracYi- 
 <{  fed  contrary  to  Law  the  fame  fhall  ceafe.  Every  nation- 
 "  al  Church  has  a  power  to  appoint  Ceremonies  for  its 
 "  Members,  which,  though  before  they  were  indifferent, 
 *'  yet  ceafe  to  be  fo  when  eftablifhed  by  Law.  We  are 
 ts  therefore  content  to  indulge  tender  Confciences,  fofar  as 
 "  to  difpenfe  with  their  ufina;  fuch  Ceremonies  as  are  an 
 "  offence  to  them,  but  not  to  abolifh  them.  We  declare 
 "  therefore,  that  none  fhajl  be  compelled  to  receive  the  Sa-r 
 "  crament  kneeling,  nor  to  ufe  the  Crofs  in  Baptifm,  nor 
 tc  to  bow  at  the  Name  of  Jefus,  nor  to  ufe  the  Surplice, 
 "  except  in  the  Royal  Chapel,  and  in  Cathedral  and  Colle- 
 11  giate  Churches.  Nor  fhall  Subfcription,  nor  the  Oath 
 "  of  Canonical  Obedience  be  required  at  prefent,  in  order 
 1}  to  Ordination,  Inftitution,    or  Induction,    but  only   the 
 
 Q_3  "  taking 
 
246  The    HISTORY  Vol.  IV. 
 
 King        "  taking  the  oaths  of  Allegiance  and  Supremacy  ;  nor  (hall 
 
 Charles  II.     t,  ?r      ■,     •  ,        •  °  ,  r>.  r     r  ■  r 
 
 1660.  any  lole  tneIr  academical  Degrees,  or  forfeit  a  prelenta- 
 
 s^^^mmmj  "  tion,  or  be  deprived  of  a  Benefice,  for  not  declaring  his 
 "  affent  to  all  the  Thirty-Nine  Articles,  provided  he  read 
 "  and  declare  his  Affent  to  all  the  Dofctrinal  Articles,  and 
 "  to  the  Sacraments.  And  we  do  again  renew  our  Decla- 
 "  ration  from  Breda,  that  no  Man  fhall  be  difquieted  or 
 "  called  in  queftion  for  differences  of  opinion  in  matters  of 
 "  Religion  which  do  not  difturb  the  Peace  of  the  King- 
 *e  dom. 
 
 Kis  Majefty  concludes,  "  with  conjuring  all  his  loving 
 "  Subjecls,  to  acquiefce  and  lubmit  to  this  Declaration, 
 "  concerning  the  differences  that  have  fo  much  difquieted 
 "  the  Nation  at  home,  and  given  offence  to  the  Proteftant 
 "  Churches  abroad." 
 
 Tho'  this  Declaration  did  not  pleafe  all  the  Minifters,  yet 
 the  greateft  numbers  in  London,  and  Country  were  content; 
 but  becaufe  it  went  upon  the  plan  of  Diocefan  Epifcopacy, 
 which  they  had  covenanted  againfi,  others  were  not  fatif- 
 fied  ;  fome  ventured  upon  a  fecond  Addrefs  to  the  King, 
 in  which  they  renew  their  requefts  for  Archbifhop  Ufher's 
 Scheme  of  Primitive  Epifcopacy,  as  mofr  agreeable  to 
 Scripture,  moft  conducive  to  good  Difcipline  ;  and  as  lhat 
 which  would  lave  the  Nation  from  the  violation  of  the  So- 
 lemn League  and  Covenant,  which  whether  it  were  lawful- 
 ly impoied  or  no,  they  conceive  now  to  be  binding  upon 
 them. 
 
 Concerning   the  Preamble  of  his  Majefty's  Declaration 
 
 they  tender  thefe  Requefts. 
 
 AVftraftof        1.  "  That  as  they  are  perfuaded  it  is  not  in  his  Majefty's 
 
 er  of  Ex-    "  Noughts,  to  intimate  that  they  are  guilty  of  the  offences 
 
 ceptions  zvA  "  therein  mentioned,  they  hope  it  will  be  a  motive  to  haften 
 
 Hequefts  oi? "  the  Union. 
 
 Verifnrseshy~        2-  "  T^o'   they  deteft   Sacrilege,  yet  they  will  not  de- 
 Hi;i.  None.  "  termine,  whether  in  fome  Cafes   of  fuperfluities  of  Re- 
 !•  *4-         "  venues,  and  the  neceffity  of  the  Church,  there  may  not 
 ttaTi'  p.     /'•  ^e  an  Alienation,  which  is  no  Sacrilege. 
 2t8.  3.  "  His  Majefty  having  acknowledged  their  Moderati- 
 
 "  on,  they  ftill  hope  they  may  be  received  into  the  fettle- 
 "  ment,  and  continue  their  Stations  in  the  Church. 
 
 4.  "  Since  his  Majefty  has  declared,  that  the  effence  of 
 (<  Epifcopacy  mav  be  preferved,  tho'  the  extent  of' the 
 f(  Jurifdiction  be  altered,  they  hope  his  Majefty  will  con- 
 
 «'  fent 
 
Chap.  V.  of  the    Puritan  s.  247 
 
 fent   to  fuch    an  Alteration  as  may  fatisfy  their  Confci- 
 
 ences. 
 
 They  then  renew  their  requefts  for  promoting  of  piety  ; 
 of  a  religious  and  diligent  Miniftry  ;  of  the  requifites  of 
 Church  Communion,  and  for  the  obfervation  of  the  Sab- 
 bath. They  complain  that  Panih  Difcipline  is  not  fuffici- 
 ently  granted  in  his  Majefty's  Declaration,  that  inferior  Sy- 
 nods are  paffed  by,  and  that  the  Bifhop  is  not  "  Epifcopus 
 "  Praeies,  but  Epifcopus  Princeps,"  endued  with  fole  pow- 
 er of  Ordination  and  Jurifdiclion.  They  therefore  pray 
 again,  that  Archbifhop  Ufher's  Form  of  "Church-Govern- 
 ment may  be  eftablifhed  at  leaft  in  thefe  three  points  : 
 
 I-  "  That  the  Paftors  of  Parifhes  may  be  allowed  to 
 u  preach,  catechife,  and  deny  the  Communion"  of  the 
 "  Church  to  the  impenitent,  fcandalous,  or  fuch  as  do  not 
 "  make  a  credible  ProfeiTion  of  Faith  and  Obedience  to 
 "  the  Commands  of  Chrift. 
 
 2.  u  That  the  Paftors  of  each  rural  Deanry  may  meet 
 *'  once  a  Month  to  receive  Prefentments  and  Appeals,  to 
 "  admonifh  Offenders,  and  after  due  patience  to  proceed 
 u  to  Excommunication. 
 
 3.  "  That  a  Diocefan  Synod  of  the  Delegates  of  Rural 
 "  Synods  may  be  called  as  often  as  need  requires  ;  that  the 
 "  Bifhop  may  not  ordain  or  exercife  fpiritual  Cenfures  with- 
 *'  out  the  confent  of  the  Majority;  and  that  neither  Chan- 
 "  cellors,    Archdeacons,  Commiffaries  nor  Officials,  may 
 
 **  pais  Cenfures  purely  fpiritual ;  but  for  the  exercife  of  ci- 
 "  vil  Government,  coercively  by  Mulcls,  or  corporal  Pe- 
 '*  nalties,  by  power  derived  from  your  Majefty,  as  fupreme 
 "  over  all  Perfons  and  things  Ecclefiaftical,  we  prefume  not 
 "  at  all  to  interpofe." 
 
 As  to  the  Liturgy. 
 ','  They  rejoice  that  his  Majefty  has  declared,  that  none 
 "  ihould  fuffer  for  not  ufmg  the  Common-Prayer  and  Cere- 
 "  monies  ;  but  then  it  grieves  us  (fay  they)  to  hear  that  it 
 "  is  given  in  charge  to  the  Judges  at  the  AfTizes,  to  indi£t 
 "  Men  upon  the  A£l  of  Uniformity  for  not  ufing  the  Com- 
 "  mon-Prayer.  That  it  is  not  only  fome  obfolete  Words 
 "  and  Phrafes  that  are  offenfive,  but  that  other  things  need 
 "  Amendment  ;  therefore  we  pray,  that  none  may  be 
 "  punifhed  for  not  ufing  the  Book,  till  it  be  reformed  by 
 "  the  confent  of  Divines  of  both  Parties." 
 
 Q„4  "  Con- 
 
243  The    H  I  S  T  O  R  Y         Vol.  IV. 
 
 King 
 Charles  II. 
 
 1660.  Concerning  Ceremonies. 
 
 "  They  thank  his  Majefty   for  his  gracious  ConcefTions, 
 
 u  but  pray  him  to  leave  out  of  his  Declaration  thefeWords, 
 
 "  That  we   do  not    believe  the  Practice  of  the  particular 
 
 "  Ceremonies  excepted  againft    unlawful,  becaufe  we  are 
 
 M  not  all  of  that  opinion  ;  but  we   defire,  that  there  may 
 
 "  be  no  Law  nor  Canon  for,  nor  againft  them,   (being  al- 
 
 **  lowed  by  our  .Opponents  as  indifferent)  as  there  is  no  Ca- 
 
 rt  non  againft  any  particular  Gefture  in  Tinging  Pfalms,  and 
 
 "  yet  there  is  an  uninterrupted  Unity." 
 
 For  particular  Ceremonies. 
 
 1.  "■  We  humbly  crave,  that  there  may  be  liberty  to  re- 
 "  ceive  the  Lord's  Supper  either  Kneeling,  Standing,  or 
 "  Sitting.  2.  That  the  Obfervation  of  Holy  Days  of  Hu- 
 "  man  Inftitution  may  be  left  indifferent.  3.  We  thank 
 "  your  Majefty  for  Liberty  as  to  the  Crofs  in  Baptifm,  the 
 "  Surplice,  and  Bowing  at  the  Name  of  Jefus ;  but  we 
 "  pray,  that  this  Liberty  may  extend  to  Colleges  and  Ca- 
 "  thedrals  for  the  Benefit  of  Youth  as  well  as  elder  Perfons, 
 "  and  that  the  Canons  which  impofe  thefe  Ceremonies  may 
 "  be  repealed. 
 
 ■  "  We  thank  your  Majefty  for  your  gracious  Conceftion 
 "  of  the  forbearance  of  Sublcription  ;  tho'  we  do  not  dif- 
 "  lent  from  the  doclrinal  Articles  of  the  Church  of  Eng- 
 "  land  ;  nor  do  we  fcruple  the  oaths  of  Allegiance  and  Su- 
 "  premacy,  nor  would  we  have  the  door  left  open  for  Pa- 
 "  pills  and  Herelicks  to  come  in. 
 
 "  But  we  take  the  Liberty  to  reprefent  to  your  Majefty, 
 "  that  notivithftanding  your  gracious  Conceffions,  our 
 "  Miniftcrs  cannot  procure  Inftitution  without  renouncing 
 *'  their  Ordination  by  Presbyters,  or  being  Re-ordained, 
 0  nor  without  Subfcription  and  the  oaths  of  Canonical  Obe- 
 "  dience.  And  we  are  apprehenfive  that  your  Majefty's 
 "  Indulgence  docs  not  extend  to  the  abatement  of  Re-Or- 
 "  dination,  or  Subfcription,  or  the  oath  of  Canonical  Obe- 
 "  dience.  We  therefore  earneftly  crave,  that  your  Majef- 
 **  ty  will  declare  your  pleafure.  1.  That  Ordination  and 
 "  Inftitution,  and  Induction,  may  be  conferr'd  without 
 *'  the  faid  Subfcription  and  Oath.  2.  That  none  may  be 
 tft  urged  to  be  Re-ordained,  or  denied  Inftitution  for 
 *  want  of  Ordination  by  Prelates,  that  have  been  ordained 
 
 "  by, 
 
.  V.  of  the  P  u  r  I  T  A  N  s.  149 
 
 Chap 
 
 "  bv  Prefbyters.     That  none  may  forfeit  their  Prefentation    „,Kl"S 
 
 J  —         /       r  i-  1      r     a      •   1  r    •        1  •  •  Charles  II. 
 
 **  or  Benefice  for  not  reading  thoie  /Articles  or  tne  thirty  nine       I(s50# 
 '*  that  relate  to  Government  and  Ceremonies."  v— v— —J 
 
 However  if  the  King's  declaration  without  any  amend-  Opinion  of 
 ments,  had  pa/Ted  into  a  Law,  it  would  have  prevented  in  a  io™e 
 great  meafure  the  feparation  that  followed  ;  but  neither  the  concerning1* 
 Court,   nor   Miniftry   intended  it,  if  they   could  (land  their  the  Deciara- 
 ground  upon  the  foot   of  the  old   Effabiiihment.     A  Reve-  t'on- 
 rend  Prelate  of  the  Church  of  England  confefles,  "  that  this  p  a46#' 
 *'  Declaration  has  in  it  a  fpirit  of  true  Wiidom  and  Charity 
 "  above  any   one  publick  ConfefTion  that  was  ever  made  in 
 "  matters   of   Religion.     It  ihews  the  admirable  Temper 
 *'  and  Prudence  of  the  King  and  his  Council  in   that   tender 
 "  juncture  of  affairs ;  it  proves  the  charity    and  moderation 
 "  of  the  fufFering  Bifhops,   in  thinking  fuch  coneeffions  juft: 
 "  and  reafonable  for  Peace  and  Unity  ;  and  it  fhews  a  difpo- 
 "  fition  in  the  other  party  to  have  accepted  the  terms  of  Uni- 
 "  on  confiffent  with  our  Epilcopacy  and  Liturgy.     It  con- 
 **  demns  the  unhappy  ferment  that  foon  after  followed  for 
 "  want   of  this  temper ;  and  it  may  (land  for  a  Pattern  to 
 "  Pofterity,  whenever  they  are  dilpofed,  to  receive  the  Dif- 
 "  cipline,  and  heal  the  breaches  of  the  Church."     Another 
 Conformift  Writer  adds.     "  If  ever  a  divine  fentence  was  in 
 "  the  mouth'of  any  King,  and  his  mouth  erred  not  in  Judg- 
 "  ment ;  I  verily  believe  it  was  thus  with  our  prefent  Ma- 
 "  jeffy  when  he  compofed  that  admirable  Declaration,  which 
 "■  next  to  holy  Scripture  I  adore,  and  think   that  the  united 
 "  Judgment  of  the  whole  Nation  cannot  frame  a  better  or  a 
 u  more  unexceptionable  Expedient,   for  a  firm  and  lading 
 "  Concord  of  thefe  diffracted  Churches." 
 
 The  Prefbyterians  about  London  were  fo  far  plealed,  that 
 they  drew  up- the  following  Addrefs  of  Thanks,  in  the  name  ^mortof 
 of  the  City  Minifters,  and  prefented  it  to  the  King,  Nov,  16,  thePmby- 
 by  the  Hands  of  the  Reverend  Mr.  Samuel  Clarke.  terians;  , 
 
 Baxter  s 
 Life,  Part  II. 
 
 Moit  dread  Sovereign  !  p.  279,  384. 
 
 "  \T7  E  your  Majefty's  mod  dutiful  and  loyal  Subjects,  Ke™et> 
 "  W  Minifters  of  the  Gofpel  in  your  City  of  London,  p'311' 
 "  having  perufed  your  Majefty's  late  Declaration,  and  find- 
 •'  it  fo  full  of  Indulgence  and  gracious  Condefcenfion,  wecan- 
 i{  not  but  judge  ourfelves  highly  obliged  flrft  to  render  our 
 i(  unfeigned  thanks  to  God,  and  next  our  molt  humble  and 
 '*  hearty  acknowledgments  to  your  Majefty,  that  we  may 
 "  teftify  to  your  Royal  felf,  and  all  the  World  our  juft  re- 
 
 "  fentments 
 
The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y        Vol.  IV. 
 
 "  fentmcnts  of  your  Majefry's  great  goodnefs  and  clemency 
 
 "  therein  expreffed." 
 
 The  Addrefs  then  recites  the  feveral  condefcenfions  of  his 
 
 Majefly  in  the  declaration,  and  concludes  thus,  "We  crave 
 
 u  leave  to  profefs,  that  tho'  all  things  in  this  frame  of  go- 
 "  vernment  be  not  exactly  fuited  to  our  judgments,  yet  your 
 "  Majefty's  moderation  has  fo  great  an  influence  on  us,  that 
 "  we  (hall  to  our  utmoft,  endeavour  the  healing  of  the  breach - 
 
 "  es,  and  promoting  the  peace  and  union  of  the  Church 
 
 i  "  We  would  beg  of  your  Majefty  with  all  humility  upon  our 
 "  knees,  that  Re-ordination,  and  the  Surplice  in  Colleges 
 "  might  not  be  impofed  ;  and  we  hope  God  will  incline  your 
 "  Majefry's  Heart  to  gratify  us  in  thefe  our  defires  alfo." 
 Sign'd  by 
 
 Samuel  Clark,  Jo.  Gibbon 
 
 William  Couper,  William  Whitakcr, 
 
 Thomas  Cafe,  Tho.  Jacomb, 
 
 Jo.  Rawlinfon,  Tho.  Lye, 
 
 Jo.  Sheffield,  John  Jackfon, 
 
 Thomas  Gouge,  John  Meriton, 
 
 Gab.  Sanger,  William  Bates, 
 
 El.  Pledger,  With  many  others. 
 .  Matth.  Pool, 
 
 K.  Ouon.     The  King  having  received  the  Addrefs,  returned  this  Anfwer, 
 i>-  3>S-  "  Gentlemen,  1  will  endeavour  to  give  you  all  fatisf  action, 
 
 "  and  to  make  you  as  happy  as  my  felf." 
 Somcac-  Upon  the  terms  of  this  declaration  Dr.  Reynolds  accepted 
 
 ferments  '*"  of  the  Bifhoprick  of  Norwich  ;  Mr-  Baxter  was  offered  the 
 Bimoprick  of  Hereford  ;  but  refufed  upon  other  reafons ;  and 
 Mr.  Calamy  declined  the  Bifhoprick  of  Litchfield  and  Coven- 
 try, till  the  King's  declaration  ihould  be  paffed  into  a  law. 
 Dr.  iManton  having  been  prefented  to  the  living  of  Covcnt 
 Garden  by  the  Earl  of  Bedford,  accepted  it  upon  the  terms  of 
 the  declaration,  and  received  Epifcopal  InfHtution  from  Dr. 
 K.  Chr.  Sheldon,  Bifhop  of  London,  Jan.  10. 1 660-61.  ft  Subfcrip- 
 f*  tis  prius  ArticulisFidei  Ecclefiae  Anglicanae  tantum,  &  prae- 
 "  flito  juramento  de  Allegiant'  &  Supremitate,  &  canonica 
 *'  Obedientia  in  omnibus  Ileitis  &  honeffis."  Having  firft 
 fubferfbed  the  doctrinal  articles  of  the  Church  of  England  only, 
 and  taken  the  Oaths  of  Allegiance  and  Supremacy,  and  of  ca- 
 nonical obedience  in  all  things  lawful  and  honeft.  The  Dr. 
 was  alfo  content  that  the  Common-Prayer  fhould  be  read  in 
 his  Church.     Dr.  Eates  was  offered  the  Deanry  of  Coventry 
 
 and 
 
Chap.  V.  of  the  Puritans.  25  J 
 
 and  Litchfield  ;  Dr.  Manton  the  Deanry  of  Rochefter  ;  and  cJJg 
 Mr.  Bowles  that  of  York  ;  but  finding  how  things  were  going      l66o.  ' 
 at  Court,  after  fome  time  they  refufed.  v— v— *«j 
 
 The  Houfe  of  Lords  and  Commons,  upon  reading  the  Declaration 
 King's    declaration,    agreed   to  wait  upon  his   Majefty    in  "^"of y 
 a  body,  and  return  him  thanks  ;  and  the  Commons  ordered  a  Commons. 
 bill  to  b»e  brought  in  to  pafs  it  into  a  law  ;  but  when  the  bill 
 had  been  read  the  firft  time,  the  queftion  being  put  for  a  fe- 
 cond  reading,  it  parted  in  the  negative  ;   one  of  the  Secretaries 
 of  State  oppofing  it,  which  was  a  lufficient  indication  (fays  Dr. 
 Rates)  of  the  King  and  Court's  averlion  to  it.     Sir  Matthew 
 Hale,  who  was  zealous  for  the  declaration,  was  at  that  very 
 juncture   tr.ken  out  of  the  Houfe  of  Commons,  and  made 
 Lord  Chief  Baron  of  the  Exchequer,  that  he  might  notoppofe 
 the  refolutions  of  the  Miniftry.     Strange  !  that  an  Houfe  of  Remarks. 
 Commons,  that  on  the  9th  of  November  gave  the  King  thanks 
 for  his    declaration  by  their  Speaker  Nem.   Contradicente, 
 fhould  on  the  28th  of  the  fame  month  throw  it  out  before  a 
 fecond   reading.     This   blarted  all  the  expectations  of  the 
 Prefbyterian  Clergy  at  once;  for  it  was   now  apparent  that 
 the   Court  did  not  defign  the  declaration  fhould  be  continued, 
 but  ferve  as  a  temporary  expedient  tokeep  them  quiet  till  the 
 Church  fhould   be  in   circumftances  to  bid  them  defiance. 
 While  the  diocefan  Doctors  were  at  Breda  (fays  Mr.  Baxter)  PresVeri- 
 they  did  not  dream  that  their  way  to  the  higheft  grandeur  wasrpajr.n 
 fo  fair  ;  then  they  would  have  been  glad  of  the  terms  of    the  Life, 
 declaration  of  Breda ;  when  they  came  in  they  proceeded  byP,287« 
 flow  degrees,   that  they  might  feel  the  ground  under  them  ; 
 for  this  purpofe  they  propofed  the  Declaration,  which  being 
 but  a  temporary   provilion  mull  give    place    to   laws,  but 
 when  they  found  the  Parliament  and  populace  ripe  for  any 
 thing  they  fhould  propofe,  they  dropt  the  declaration,  and  all 
 further  thoughts  of  accommodation. 
 
 The  Court  and  Bifhops   were  now  at  eafe,  and  went  on  Behaviour 
 brifkly  with  reftoring  all  things  to  the  old  frandard  ;  the  Doc- of ^^ourt 
 trines  of  paflive- obedience   and  non-refiftance  were  revived  ;an        op*' 
 men  of  the  higheft  principles,  and  moft  inveterate  againft  the 
 Prefbyterians,  were  preferr'd  to  Bifhopricks,  by  which  they 
 were  more  than  compenfated  for  their  fufferings,  by  the  large 
 fums  of  money  they  raifed  by  renewing  of  leafes,  which  after 
 fo  long  an  interval  were  aim  oft  all  expired  ;  but  what  a  fad  ufe 
 they  made  of  their  riches,   I  choofe  rather  to  relate  in  the 
 words  of  Bifhop  Burnet  than  my  own.     "  What  the  bifhops 
 "  did  with  their  great  fines  was  a  pattern  to  all  the  lower  dig- 
 nitaries, "  who  generally  took  more  care  of  themfelves  than 
 
 of 
 
252  The  HISTORY         Vol.  IV. 
 
 of  the  Church ;  the  men  of  fervice  were  loaded  with  many- 
 livings  and  many  dignities.  With  this  acceflion  of  wealth 
 there  broke  in  upon  the  Church  a  great  deal  of  luxury  and 
 high  living,  on  pretence  of  hospitality  ;  and  with  this  over- 
 "  fet  of  wealth  and  pomp  that  came  upon  men  in  the  decline 
 "  of  their  age,  they  who  were  now  growing  into  old  age, 
 "  became  lazv  and  negligent  in  all  the  true  concerns  of  the 
 "■  Church." 
 p. 314.  From  this  time,  fays  Bifhop  Kennet,  the  Prefbyterians  be- 
 
 Thc  fcegm-  gan  to  prepare  for  the  cry  of  perfection,  and  not  without 
 PeWecution  r^afon,  for  Feb.  14.  Mr.  Zach.  Crofton,  Mlniiler  of  Aldgate 
 of  the  Non-  was  fent  to  the  Tower  for  writing  in  favour  of  the  Covenant ; 
 Confermiftsc  where  he  lay  a  ccnfiderablc  time  at  great  expence,  and  was  at 
 Pira'*  lrifi  turned  out  of  his  paridi  without  any  confideration,  tho' 
 
 p-  34.  he   had  a   wife  and    feven  children,  and   had   been  very  zea- 
 
 lous for  the  King's  Reftoration.  Mr.  Andrew  Parfons,  Rec- 
 tor of  Wem  in  Shropfhire,  a  noted  loyalift,  was  fetch'd  fron^ 
 his  houfe  in  the  month  of  December  by  fix  Soldiers,  for  fe- 
 ditious  preaching,  and  non -conformity  to  the  ceremonies  ; 
 fot  which  he  was  fined  two  hundred  pounds,  and  to  continue 
 in  prilon  till  paid. 
 Mcthds  Spies  were  fent  into  all  the  congregations  of  Prefbyterians 
 
 wiroofe         throughout  England,  to  obferve  and  report  their  behaviour  to 
 the  Bifiiops  ;  and  if  a  Minifter  lamented  the  degeneracy  of 
 the  times,  or  exprefTed  his  concern  for  the  Ark  of  God  ;  if 
 he  preached  againft    perfidioufhefs,  or  glanced  at  the  vices  of 
 the  Court,  he  was  marked  for   an  enemy    to  the  King   and 
 Government.     Many  eminent  and  loyal  Prefbyterians  were 
 fent  to  prifon  upon  fuch  informations,   among  whom  was  the 
 learned  and  prudent  Mr.  John  Howe,  and  others  ;  and  when 
 they  came  to  their  trials  the  Court  was  guarded  with  Soldiers, 
 and  their  friends  not  furFered  to  attend  them.     Many  were 
 fequetter'd  from  their  livings,  and  cited  into  the  ecclefiafrical 
 Courts,  for  not  uiinz  the   Surplice   and  other  Ceremonies, 
 while  the  discipline  of  the  Church  was  under  a  kind  of  fufpen- 
 fion.     So  eager  were  the  fpiritual  Courts  to  revive  the   exer- 
 cife  of  their  power  ;  and  fo  ftrongly  did   the  ride  run  againft 
 the  unhappy  Prefbyterians. 
 suTno'the         "^1€  Convention  Parliament patted  fandry  Aits  with  relati- 
 fc.j.  titer  d     cm  to  the  late  times,  of  which  thefe  following  deferve  to  be 
 Uwgy.         remernber'd  :  An  acl:  for  the   confirming  and  reftoring  of 
 Minifters,  which  enacts,  among  other  things,  that  "  every 
 '.*  frqutftcr'd  Minifter  who  has  not  juftified  the  late  King's 
 ec  murder,  or  declared  againfl  infant  baptifm,  fh.;?ll  be  re 
 
 ftored 
 
Chap.  V.  of  the  Puritans. 
 
 "  ftored  to  his  living  before  the  25th  of  December  next 
 *'  enfuing,  and  the  prefent  incumbent  fhall  peaceably  quit  it, 
 **  and  be  accountable  for  dilapidations,  and  all  arrears  of 
 "  fifths  not  paid."  By  this  Aft  fome  hundreds  of  non- con- 
 formist Minifters  were  difpoiTcfTed  of  their  livings  before 
 the  act  of  uniformity  was  formed.  Here  was  no  diftinfti- 
 "  on  between  good  or  bad  ;  but  if  the  Parfon  had  been  epif- 
 "  copally  ordained,  and  in  pofleflion,  he  muff,  be  reffored, 
 tho'  he  had  been  ejected  upon  the  ftroageft  evidence  of  im- 
 morality or  fcandal. 
 
 The  Aft  for  Confirmation  of  Marriages  was  very  fervice-  For  con_ 
 able  to  the  peace  of  the  Kingdom,  and  prevented  numberlefs  firming 
 law-fuits.     It  enafts,  "That  all   marriages  fince  May    1.  Manage* 
 "   1642.  folemnized  before  a  Jufrice  of  Peace,  or  reputed  Juf-  Times. 
 "  tice  ;  and  all  marriages  fince   the  laid   time,  had  or  fo- 
 "  lemnized  according  to  the  direftion  of  any  ordinance,  or 
 "  reputed  aft  or  ordinance  of  one  or  both  Houfes  of  Parlia- 
 "  ment,  fhall  be  adjudged  and  efteemed  to  be  of  the  fame 
 "  force  and  effcft  as  if  they  had  been  folemnized  according 
 "  to  the  rites  and  ceremonies  of  the  Church  of  England. '' 
 
 An  Aft  for  the  "  Attainder  of  feveral  perfbns  guilty  of  the  Attainder  of 
 "  horrid  murder  of  his  late  facred  Majefty  King  Charles  I.  theK'n&'s 
 "  and  for  the  perpetual  obfervation  of  the  30th  of  January.     u  ses* 
 This  was  the  fubjeft  of  many  conferences  between  the  two 
 houfes,  in  one  of  which  Chancellor  Hyde  declared,   that  the 
 King  having  fent  him  in  embafTy  to  the  King  of  Spain,  charged 
 him  to  tell  that  Monarch  exprefly,  "  That  the  horrible  mur- 
 "  der  of  his  father  ought  not  to  be  deemed  as  the  Aft  of  the 
 "  Parliament,  or  people  of  England,  but  of  a  fmall  crew  of 
 "  wretches  and  mifcreants  who  had  ufurped  the  fovereign 
 "  power,  and  render'd  themfelves  mafters  of  the  kingdom  ;" 
 for  which  the  Commons  fent  a  deputation  with  thanks  to  the 
 King.     After  the  preamble  the  Aft  goes  on  to  attaint  all  the 
 King's  Judges,  dead   or    alive,    except  Colonel    Ingoldsby 
 and  Thompfon,  who  for  their  late  good  fervices  were  par- 
 doned, but  in   their  room  were  included  Colonel  Lambert, 
 Sir  Harry  Vane,  and  Hugh  Peters,  who  were  not  of  the 
 Judges.     The  bodies  of  O.  Cromwel,  Bradfhaw,  and  Ireton,  Cromwei 
 were  taken  out  of  their  graves  and  drawn  upon  hurdles  to  Ty-  and  othcrs 
 burn,  where  they  were  hung  up  from  ten  in  the  morning  till^uken 
 fun-fet  of  the  next  day,  after  which  their  heads  were  cut  off,  out  of  their 
 and  their  trunks  buried  all  together  in  one  hole  under  the  gal-  Graves, 
 lows.     Colonel    Lambert  was    fent    to  the  ifle    of  Jerfey,  p.T^T' 
 where  he  continued  fhut  up  a  patient  prifoner  almoff.  thirty 
 
 years  ; 
 
254  The  HISTORY  Vol.  IV. 
 
 years  ;  nineteen  made  their  efcape  beyond  fe? ;  feven  were 
 made  objects  of  the  King's  clemency  ',  nineteen  others,  who 
 fnrrender'd  on  the  King's  proclamation  of  June  6.  had  their 
 lives  faved  after  trial  ;  bnt  underwent  other  penalties,  as 
 imprifonment,  banishment,  and  forfeiture  of  effates  ;  fo  that 
 ten  only  were  executed  in  the  month  of  October,  after 
 the  new  Sheriffs  were  enter'd  upon  their  office,  (viz.  Col. 
 Harrifon,  Mr.  Carew,  Cook,  Hugh  Peters,  Mr.  Scot,  Cle- 
 ment, Scroop,  Jones,  Hacker,  and  Axtel. 
 p.  162.  Biihop  Burnet  fays,  "  The  trials  and  executions  of  the 
 
 tho'fetbtt      "  ^  ^at  faired  were  attended  by  vaft  crouds  of  people, 
 fufifer'd.        "  All  men  fee  111  ed  pleafed  with  the  light ;   but  the  firmnefs 
 "  and  fhew  of  piety  of  the  fufFerers,  who  went  out  of  the 
 "  world  with  a  fort  of  triumph  in  the  caufe  for  which  they 
 "  fufFered,  turned  the  minds    of  the   Populace,  infomuch 
 "  that  the  King  was  advifed  to  proceed  no  further."     The 
 prifoners  were  rudely  treated  in  Court  ;  the  fpectators  with 
 their  noife  and  clamour  endeavouring  to  put  them  out  of 
 countenance.     None  of  them  denied  the  facl,  but  all  pleaded 
 not  Guilty  to  the  Treafon,  becaufe,  as  they  faid,  they  acted 
 by  authority  of  Parliament ;  not  confidering,  that  the  Houfe 
 of  Commons  is  no  Court  of  Judicature  ;  or  if  it  was,  that 
 it  was  packed  and  purged  before  the  King  was  brought  to 
 his  trial.     Thofe  who  guarded  the  Scaffold  pleaded  that  they 
 aftcd  by  command  of  their  fuperior  Officers,  who  would 
 have  cafhiered  or  put  them  to  death,  if  they  had  not  obey- 
 ed.    They  were  not  permitted  to  enter  into  the  merits  of  the 
 caufe  between  the  King  and  Parliament,  but  were  condemn- 
 ed upon  the  ftatute  of  25th  Edward  III.  for  compaffing  and 
 imagining  the  King's  death. 
 Tiieir  Exe-        The  behaviour  of  the  Regicides  at  their  execution  was  bold 
 and  refolure  :   Colonel  Harrifon  declared  at  the  gibbet,  That 
 he  was  fully  perfuaded  that  "  what  he  had  done  was  the  caufe 
 "  and  work  of  God,  which  he  was  confident  God  would  own 
 "  and  raife   up  again,  how  much  focver  it  fufFered  at  that 
 "  time."     He  went  through  ail  the  indignities  and  feverities 
 of  his  fufferings  with  a  calmnefs,  or  rather  chearfulnefs,  that 
 State  Trials,  aftonifhed  the  fpeclators  ;  he  was  turned  off,  and  cut  down 
 p.  4°4-         alive,  for,  after  his  body  was  opened  he  raifed  himfelf  up  and 
 gave  the  Executioner  a  box  on  the  ear.     When  Mr.  Solici- 
 tor Coke  and  Hugh  Peters  went  into  the  Sledge,  the  head  of 
 Major  General  Harrifon  was  put  upon  it,  with  the  face  bare 
 towards  them;     but  notwithftanding  this  Mr.    Coke  went 
 out  of  the  world  with  furprifing  resolution,   bleffing  God 
 
 that 
 
Chap.  V.        of  the  P  u  r  i  t  a  n  s:  255 
 
 that  he  had  a  clear  canfcieuce.  Hugh  Peters  was  King 
 more  fearful ;  but  tho'  he  fat  by,  and  faw  the  executi-  Cl^ " 
 on  and  quartering  of  Mr.  Cooke,  he  refum'd  his  courage  u— y-^ 
 at  length  [which  fome  faid  was  artificial]  and  faid  to  the 
 Sheriffs,  "  Sir,  You  have  here  flain  one  of  the  fervants 
 "  of  the  Lord,  and  made  me  behold  it,  on  purpofe  to 
 "  terrify  and  difcourage  me  ;  but  God  has  made  it  an 
 "  ordinance  for  my  ftrengthening  and  encouragement." 
 Mr.  Scot  was  not  allowed  to  fpeak  to  the  people,  but 
 faid  in  his  prayer,  •'  That  he  had  been  engaged  in  a 
 "  caufe  not  to  be  repented  of;  I  fay  in  a  caufe  not  to 
 "  be  repented  of."  Carew  appeared  very  chearful  as  he 
 went  to  the  gibbet,  but  faid  little  of  the  caufe  for  which 
 he  fufFered.  Clements  alfo  faid  nothing.  Colonel  Jones 
 juftified  the  King  and  Court  in  their  proceedings  ;  but 
 added,  that  they  did  not  fatisfy  him  in  fo  great  and  deep 
 a  point.  Colonel  Scroop  went  with  him  in  the  fame 
 fledge,  vvhofe  grave  and  venerable  countenance,  accompa- 
 nied with  courage  and  chearfulnefs,  caufed  great  compaf- 
 •  fion  in  fome  of  the  fpe&ators,  tho'  the  infults  and  rude- 
 nefs  of  others,  was  cruel  and  barbarous :  He  faid  "  he  was 
 "  born  and  bred  a  gentleman  ;  and  appealed  to  thofe  who 
 V  had  known  him  for  his  behaviour;  he  forgave  the  In- 
 "  ftruments  of  his  fuffe rings,  and  died  for  that  which  he 
 '?  judged  to  be  the  caufe  of  Chrift."  Colonel  Axter 
 and  Hacker  fufFered  laft  ;  the  former  behaved  with  great 
 refolution,  and  holding  the  Bible  in  his  hand,  faid,  "  The 
 '*  very  caufe  in  which  I  was  engaged  is  contained  in  this 
 "  Book  of  God  ;  and  having  been  fully  convinced  in  my 
 Cl  Confcience  of  the  juftnefs  of  the  War,  I  freely  engag- 
 "  ed  in  the  Parliament's  fervice,  which  as  I  do  believe 
 u  was  the  caufe  of  the  Lord,  I  ventur'd  my  life  freely 
 "  for  it,  and  now  die  for  it."  Hacker  read  a  paper  to  the 
 fame  purpofe ;  and  after  having  exprefTed  his  charity  to- 
 wards his  judges,  jury  and  witneffes,  he  faid,  "  I  have 
 '?  nothing  lies  upon  my  confcience  as  guilt  whereof  I  am 
 "  now  condemned,  and  do  not  doubt  but  to  have  the  fen- 
 "  tence  revers'd. 
 
 Few,  if  any  of  thefe  criminals,  were  friends  of  theRemark«> 
 Proteclor  Cromwel,  but  gave  him  all  poffible  difrurbance 
 in  favour  of  a  Commonwealth.  Mr.  H.  Cromwel,  in 
 one  of  his  letters  from  Ireland,  1657-58.  fays,  "  'Tis  a 
 "  fad  cafe,  when  men  knowing  the  difficulties  we  labour 
 "  under  feek  occafions  to  quarrel  and  unfettle  every  thing 
 "  again  j    I   hear   Harrifon,  Carew,  and  Okey  have  done 
 
 li  new 
 
256 
 
 The  HISTORY  Vol.  [V. 
 
 King       «  new  fears.     I    hope  God   will    infatuate  them  in  their 
 Ch"tfQU'    "  endeavours   to    difturb   the   peace   of  the   nation  ;    their 
 '<■  folly   H  ews  them  to  be  no  better  than   abufers  of  Re- 
 ligion, and  fuch  whofe   hypocrify    the  Lord  will  avenge 
 "  in   due    ;imc."      They   certainly   confounded    the    caufe 
 of   the    Parliament,   or  the    necelfity    of   entering   into    a 
 war  to  brine  delinquents    to    Jufiice,  with  cutting  off  the 
 King's   Head,    whereas     they     were   diftinct    and    feparate 
 things ;  the   former  might   be  lawful,  when  the    latter  had  ■ 
 neither  law  or   equity  to  fnpport    it  ;  for   admitting    (with 
 them)    that    the   King    is   accountable    to    his     Parliament, 
 the   Houfe    of   Commons    alone  is    not    the   Parliament  ; 
 and  if  it  war,   it   could  not   be  lb,    after  it   was  under  re- 
 Jrraint,  and  one   half  of  the  Members  kept  from  their  places 
 by  the   military  power.     They  had  no  precedent  for  their 
 conduct,  nor   any   rule  of  law   to   try    and  condemn  their 
 Sovereign  :    Tho'    the    Scripture    fays,    w  He  that    fheds 
 "  man's  blood,  by    man   fhall  his   blood  be   (lied  ;  "  yet 
 this  is  not  the  duty    of  private   perfons,    when  there  is  a 
 Government  fubfifting.     If  the  King    had  fallen  in   battle  it 
 had   been  a    different  cafe;    but   how    criminal   foever   his 
 Majefty    might  be    in    their  opinions,    they   were    not  his 
 Judges,  and   therefore  could    have  no  right  by   their   own 
 verdicl  to   have   put  him  to  death. 
 Aa  for  an         There  was   another  A£t  paffed  this  feffions,  for  a  per- 
 ObfcrwOon  Petual  Anniverlary  Thankfgiving  on  the  29th  of  May,  for 
 ef  the  29th    his  Majefty's   happy  Reftoration ;  upon  which  occafion  the 
 •f  Maj.        bifhops  were  commanded  to  draw  up  a  fuitable  form  of  prayer ; 
 and  Mr.  Robinfon,  in  the  preface  to  his  Review  of  the  Cafe  of 
 Liturgi&s,  fays,  that  in  the  firft  form,  which  is  fince  alter'd, 
 there  are  thefe  unwarrantable  expreflions,   which  I  mention 
 only  to  fhew  the  fpirit  of  the  times.     —  "  We  befeech  thee  to 
 "  give  us  grace,  to  remember  and  provide  for  our  latter  end, 
 "  by  a  careful  and  ftudious  imitation  of  this  thy  blefTed  Saint 
 '*  and  Martyr,  and  all  other  thy  Saints  and  Martyrs  that  have 
 "  gone  before  us  ;  that  we  may  be  made  worthy  to  receive 
 •'    benefit  by  their  prayers,  which  they,  in  Communion  with 
 "  thy  Church  Catholick,  offer  up  unto  thee  for  that  part  of  it 
 "  here  militant,  and  yet  in  fight  with,  and  danger  from  the 
 
 "  Flefli " 
 
 Milton's  The  books  of  the  famous  Mr,  Milton,  and  Mr.  John  Good- 
 
 °nd  J;.  ,      win,  writ  in  defence  of  the  fentence  of  death,  paffed  upon  his  late 
 Books  Majefty,  were  called  in  by  proclamation.     And  upon  the  27th 
 
 burnt.          0f  Auguft,  Milton's  Defenfio  pro  Populo  Anglican  o  contra  Sa- 
 lamafium  ;  and  husanfwer  to  a  book,  entitled,  "  The  Portraiture 
 
 "  of 
 
Chap.  V.        of  the  P  u  R  i  T  A  n  s.  257 
 
 11   of  his  faered  Maiefty  in  his  folitude  and  fufFerings,"  were        King  .j 
 burnt  by  the  hands  of  the  common  Hangman  ;  together  with      *r6g^ 
 Mr.   John  Goodwin's  book,  entitled,  "  The  obftruclors    of  \— — y-^j 
 (t  Juftice  ;"  but1  the  Authors  abfeonded  'till  the  ftormwas  over. 
 It  was  a  furprize   to  all    People  that  they  efcaped  cenfure.  Burnet. 
 None   but  Goodwin  and  Peters    had  magnified    putting   the  P*    ,<j3j 
 King  to  death  in  their  fermons  ;  but  Goodwin's  being  a  ftre- 
 rmoua  Arminian  procured  him  friends.     Milton  had  appeared 
 fo  boidiy,  tho'  with  much  wit,  and  great  purity  and  elegance 
 of  fiile,  upon  the   argument  of  putting   the    King  to  death, 
 that  it  was  thought  a  ftrange  omiffion  not  to  except  him  out 
 of  the  Act  of  indemnity  ;   out  he  lived  many  years  after,  tho' 
 blind,  to  get  immortal  honour  by  his  celebrated  poem,  enti- 
 tled,  "  Paradiie  loft." 
 
 The  tide  of  joy  that  overfpread  the  Nation  with  the  King's  Popery  re- 
 Reftoration  brought  with  it  the  revival  of  Popery,  which  had  E*f|  "j 
 been  at  a  very  low  ebb  in  the  late  times  :  Great  numbers  of 
 that  religion  came  over  with  his  Majtfty,  and  crouded  about 
 the  court,  magnifying  their  fufferings  for  the  late  King.  A  lift 
 of  the  Lords,  Gentlemen,  and  other  Officers,  that  were  killed 
 in  his  fervice,  was  printed  in  red  letters,  by  which  it  appeared 
 that  beiides  feveral  Noblemen,  ten  Knights  and  Baronets, 
 fourteen  Colonels,  feven  Lieutenant  Colonels,  fourteen  Ma- 
 jors, fixty  fix  Captains,  eighteen  Lieutenants  and  Cornets, 
 and  thirty  eight  Gentlemen,  loft  their  lives  in  the  wars,  be- 
 fides  great  numbers  wounded  and  fequefter'd  from  their  Ef- 
 tates.  The  Queen-mother  came  from  France  and  refidedat 
 Somerfet-Houfe  with  her  catholick  attendants  both  religious 
 and  fecular.  Several  Romifh  Priefts  who  had  been  confined  in 
 Newgate,  Lancafter,  and  other  Goals,  were  by  order  of 
 council  fet  at  liberty.  Many  popifh  Priefts  were  fent  over 
 from  Douay  into  England  as  Miffionaries  for  propogating  that 
 Religion  ;  and  their  Clergy  appeared  openly  in  defiance  of  the 
 Laws  ;  they  werebufy  about  the  court  and  city  in  giving  away, 
 and  difperfing  Popifh  books  of  devotion  ;  and  the  King  gave 
 open  countenance  and  protection  to  fuch  as  had  been  fervicea- 
 ble  to  him  abroad,  and  came  over  with  him,  or  foon  follow- 
 ed him,  which  (Bifhop  Kennet  fays)  his  Majefty  could  not 
 avoid.  Upon  the  whole,  more  Roman  Catholicks  appeared 
 openly  this  year,  than  in  all  the  twelve  years  of  the  inter- 
 regnum put  together. 
 
 In  Ireland  the  Papifts  took  pofTeffion  of  their  eftates,  which  And  in 
 had  been  forfeited  by  the  rebellion  and  mafTacre,  and  turn'd  Ireland> 
 out  the  purchafers  ;  which  occalioned  fuch  commotions  irr 
 
 Voi.  IV.  R  that 
 
258 
 
 The   HISTORY  Vol  IV. 
 
 Kins  ,    that  Kingdom  that  the  Kins  was  obliged  to  lfTue  out  a  procla- 
 
 Charles     II.  °  ,.  .      °  .    °.        ,  .       .       r  ,r    .  „ 
 
 1660.      matron,  commanding  them  to  wait  the  determinations  or  the 
 v_i—  - — >-*  next   Parliament.     The  body   of  their  Clergy,  by  an  inftru- 
 ment,  bearing  date  Jan.   1,   1660.  O.  S.  Signed  and  fealed 
 by  the  chief  Prelates  and  Officials  of  their  religion,  ventured 
 to  depute  a  perfon  of  their  own  communion   to  congratulate 
 his  Majefty's  Reiteration,  and  to  prefent  their  humble  fuppli- 
 cations  for  the  free  exercife  of  their  religion,  purfuant  to   the 
 articles  of  1648,  whom  the  King  received  very   favourably, 
 and  encouraged  to  hope  for  an  accomplish ment  of  their  re- 
 quests in  due  time.     Such  was  the  prodigious  change  of  the 
 times  within  nine  months  after  the  King's  arrival  at  White- 
 -       hall. 
 Infurreai-         The  only  pretenders  to  religion  who  attempted  any  thing 
 Ftfrh    Mo-  aSainft  tne  Government,  was  a  (mall  number  of  Entbufiafts, 
 narchjr         who  were  for  King  Jefus  :   Their  leader  was  Thomas  Ven- 
 Men-  ner,    a  Wine- Cooper,  who  in  his  little  conventicle  in  Cole- 
 
 man- Street  warmed  his  admirers  with  paffionate  expectati- 
 ons of  a  fifth  univerfal  Monarchy,  under  the  perfonal  reign 
 of  King  Jefus  upon  Earth,  and  that  the  Saints  were  to  take 
 the  Kingdom  themfelves.  To  introduce  this  imaginary 
 Kingdom,  they  marched  out  of  their  Meeting-houfe  towards 
 St.  Paul's  Church  Yard  on  Sunday,  Jan.  6,  to  the  number 
 of  about  fifty  Men  well  armed,  and  with  a  refolution  to 
 fubvert  the  prefent  Government  or  die  in  the  attempt.  '1  hey 
 published  a  declaration  of  the  defign  of  their  riling,  and 
 placed  Centinels  at  proper  places.  The  Lord  Mayor  fent 
 the  Trained  Bands  to  difperfe  them,  whom  they  quickly  rout- 
 ed, but  in  the  evening  retired  to  Cane  Wood,  between 
 High-Gate  and  Hampftead.  On  Wednefday  morning  they 
 returned  and  difperfed  a  party  of  the  King's  Soldiers  in 
 Threadneedle-fbreet.  In  Wood-Street  they  repelled  the 
 Trained  Bands,  and  fome  of  the  Horfe-guards  ;  but  Venner 
 himfelf  was  knocked  down,  and  fome  of  his  company  flain  ; 
 from  hence  the  remainder  retreated  to  Cripplegate,  and 
 took  pofTefiion  of  an  houfe,  which  they  threatened  to  defend 
 with  a  defperate  refolution,  but  no-body  appearing  to  counte- 
 nance their  frenzy,  they  furrender'd  after  they  had  loft  about 
 half  their  number  ;  Venner,  and  one  of  his  officers,  were 
 hanged  before  their  Meeting-houfe  door  in  Coleman-itreet, 
 Jan.  19,  and  a  few  days  after  nine  more  were  executed  in 
 
 £"!?  vet  ^divers  parts  of  the  city- 
 
 ner's  in-  This  mad  infurrection  gave  the  Court  a  handle  for  breaking 
 
 furreaion.    through  the  late   Declaration  of  Indulgence,    within  three 
 
 e"'  months  after  it  was  published  ;  for  Jan.  2,  there  was  an 
 
 order 
 
Chap.  V.         of  the  Puritan  s.  259 
 
 order  of  Council  againft  the  meetings  of  Sectaries  in  great      King 
 numbers,  and  at  unufual  times  ;  and  on  the  I  oth  of  January 
 
 1660. 
 
 a  proclamation  was  publifhed,  whereby  his  Majefty  forbids 
 the  Anabaptifts,  Quakers,  and  Fifth  monarchy  Men,  to  af- 
 femble  or  meet  together  under  the  pretence  of  worfhipping 
 God,  except  it  be  in  fome  parochial  Church,  or  Chapel,  or 
 in  private  houfes  by  the  Perfons  there  inhabiting.  All  meet- 
 ings in  any  other  places  are  declared  to  be  unlawful  and  rio- 
 tous. i\nd  his  Majefty  commands  all  Mayors,  and  other 
 Peace-officers,  to  fearch  after  fuch  Conventicles,  and  caufe 
 the  Perfons  therein  to  be  bound  ovef  to  the  next  Seflions. 
 Upon  this  the  Independants,  Baptifts,  and  Quakers,  who 
 diffented  from  the  Eftablifhment,  thought  fit  publickly  to 
 difown  and  renounce  the  late  Infurrecrion. 
 
 The  Independants,  tho'  not  named  in  the  Proclamation,  Plfowned 
 were  obnoxious  to  the  Governmeut,  and  fufpecled  to  join  in  dJ  f  "n* 
 all  defigns  that  might  change  the  Constitution  into  a  Common- 
 wealth :  To  wipe  off  this  odium  there  was  publifhed,  "  A 
 "  Renunciation  and  Declaration  of  the  congregational 
 "Churches,  and  publick  Preachers  of  the  fame  Judgment, 
 "  living  in  and  about  the  City  of  London,  againft  the  late 
 "  horrid  Infurredtion  and  Rebellion  acted  in  the  faid  City.', 
 Dated  Jan.  1660.  In  this  declaration  they  difown  the  Prin- 
 ciples of  a  Fifth  Monarchy  ;  or,  The  perlonal  reign  of 
 King  Jefus  on  Earth,  as  difhonourable  to  him,  and  prejudi- 
 cial to  his  Church  ;  and  abhor  the  propagating  this  or  any 
 other  opinion  by  force  or  blood.  They  refer  to  their  late 
 meeting  of  Meffengersfrom  one  hundred  and  twenty  Churches 
 of  their  way  at  the  Savoy,  in  which  they  declared,  (Chap. 
 XXIV.  Of  their  Confeffion)  That  civil  Magiftrates  ar«  of 
 divine  appointment,  and  that  it  is  the  duty  of  all  People  to 
 pray  for  them,  to  honour  their  Perfons,  to  pay  them  tribute, 
 to  obey  their  lawful  commands,  and  to  be  fubject  to  their 
 authority  ;  and  that  infidelity,  or  difference  in  Religion,  does 
 not  make  void  the  Magiftrate's  juft  and  legal  Authority, 
 nor  free  the  People  from  their  obedience.  Accordingly  they 
 ceafe  not  to  pray  for  all  forts  of  Bleffings,  fpiritual  and  tem- 
 poral, upon  the  Perfon  and  Government  of  his  Majefty,  and 
 by  the  grace  of  God  will  continue  to  do  fo  themfelves,  and 
 perfuade  others  thereunto.  And  with  regard  to  the  late  im- 
 pious and  prodigious  daring  Rebellion  ;  they  add,  "  Curfed 
 "  be  their  Anger,  for  it  was  fierce  ;  and  their  Wrath,  for 
 "  it  was  cruel  :  O  my  Soul  !  come  not  thou  into  their 
 "  Secret,  but  God  divide  them  in  Jacob,  and  fcatter  them 
 "inlfrael."     Signed  by 
 
 R  2  Jof.  Caryl, 
 
260  The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y         Vol.  IV. 
 
 King 
 
 Ch3,'sL  ""  J°f-  Caryl,  Samuel  Slater,  Will.  Greenhill, 
 
 u-v—*  George  Griffiths,  George  Cockayn,  Matth.  Barker, 
 
 Kichard  Kenrick,  Thomas  Goodwin,  Tho.  Malory, 
 
 Robert  Bragge,  Thomas  Brooks,  John  Loder, 
 
 Ralph  Venning,  Corn.  Helme,  John  Yates, 
 
 John  Oxenbridge,  John  Hodges,  Thomas  Owens, 
 
 Philip  Nye,  John  Bachiler,  Nath.  Mather, 
 
 John  Rowe,  Seth  Wood,  Will.  Stoughton, 
 Thomas  Weld. 
 
 |j  the  The  Baptifts  publifhed  an  apology  in  behalf  of  themfeives 
 
 Baptifts.  2n(j  tuejr  brethren  of  the  fame  judgment,  with  a  "  Proteftation 
 c<  a.'ainft  the  late  wicked  and  mod  horrid  Treafcn  and  Re- 
 "  bellion  in  this  City  of  London  ;"  in  which  they  declare 
 their  loyalty  to  the  King,  and  promife  that  their  pracYife 
 fhall  be  conformable  •;  fubferibed  by  Wiiiiam  KifFen,  Henry 
 Den,  John  Batty,  Thomas  Lamb,  Thomas  Cowper,  and 
 about  twenty  nine  or  thirty  other  names.  They  alio  ad- 
 dreffed  the  King,  t)  at  the  innocent  might  not  fufFer  with  the 
 guilty  ;  protefting  in  the  mod  folemn  manner,  that  they 
 had  not  the  leaft  knowledge  of  the  late  infurreclion,  nor 
 -  did  direclly  or  indirectly,  contrive,  promote,  affift,  or  ap- 
 prove of  it.  They  offered  to  give  fecurity  for  their  peaceable 
 Behaviour,  and  for  their  fupporting  his  Majefty's  Perfon 
 and  Government.  But  notwithstanding  this,  their  religious 
 affemfclies  were  diiturbed  in  all  places,  and  their  Minifters 
 inipriforied  ;  great  numbers  were  crouded  into  Newgate, 
 and  other  Prifons,  where  the*,'  remained  under  clofe  con- 
 finement 'till  the  King's  Coronation,  when  the  general 
 pardon  publifhed  on  thatocca'ion  kt  them  at  liberty. 
 
 The  Quakers  affo  addrefied  the  King  upon  this  occafion 
 in  the  following  Woids  ' 
 
 Oh  King  Charles  ! 
 
 B-  tne        "  f~\  U  R  Defire  is,  that  thou  may  eft   live   for  ever  in 
 
 Quakers.       "  \_J  the  fear  of  God,  and  thy  Council.     We    befcech 
 
 Kennet.        ti  thec    ancj   thy  Council,    to  read   thefe   following  Lines, 
 
 "  in  tender  Bowels,    and  Compaffion  for  our    Souls,    and 
 
 "■  for  your  good. 
 
 "  And  this  confider,  we  are  about  four  hundred  impri- 
 "  foned  in  and  about  this  City,  of  Men  and  Women  from 
 "  their  Families  ;  befides,  in  the  Country  Goals  above  ten 
 "  hundred.      We  defire,    that  our   Meetings  may  not  be 
 
 "  broken 
 
Chap.  V.  of  the  Puritans.  261 
 
 "  br.  ken    up    but  that  all    may  come  to  a  fair  trial,  that      K,'ng 
 
 "  oui  inpocency  may  be  cleared  up ."  ^Sj,  "' 
 
 London,   16th  Day  eleventh  Month,  1660.  < r~~J 
 
 On  the  :8th  of  the  fame  month  they  publifhed  the  decla- 
 ra  ion  referred  to  their  addrefs,  entitled,  "  A  declaration  Ib-  P-  3^4- 
 "  from  the  harmlefs  and  innocent  People  of  Gcd,  called 
 "  Quakers,  againir.  all  fedition,  plotters  and  fghters  in 
 ft  the  World,  for  removing  the  gronnfl  of  jealoufy  and 
 "  fufpicion  from  boih  Magiftrates  and  People  in  the  King- 
 "  dcm,  concerning  wars  and  fightings."  Preferred  to 
 the  King  the  21  ft  day  of  the  eleventh  month,  1660.  Upon 
 which  his  Majefty  promifed  them,  on  the  word  of  a  King, 
 that  they  mould  not  fufFer  for  their  opinions  as  long  as 
 they  lived  peaceably  :  but  his  promifes  were  very  little 
 regarded . 
 
 The  Preibyterian  Clergy  were  in  forne  degree  affected  Presbytcr}- 
 with  thefe  commotions,  though  envy  itfelf  could  not  charge  ^"^j1 
 them  with  guilt  :  but  it  was  the  v.iih.  and  defire  of  the  Ripin. 
 prelatical  Party,  that  they  might  difcover  their  uneaiinefs  P*  26*' 
 in  fuch  a  manner  as  might  expofe  them  to  trouble  ;  for 
 their  ruin  was  already  determined,  only  fome  pretexts 
 were  wanting  to  execute  their  defign,  particularly  fuch  as 
 affected  the  peace  of  the  Kingdom,  and  might  not  re- 
 flect on  his  Majefty 's  declaration  from  Breda,  which  pro- 
 mifed, iC  that  no  Perfon  fhould  be  molefted  purely  for 
 Religion."  But  they  were  infuked  by  the  mob  in  the 
 ftreets  ;  when  families  were  finging  pfalms  in  their  houfes, 
 they  were  frequently  interrupted  by  blowing  of  horns,  or 
 throwing  of  flones  in  at  the  window.  The  Preibyterian 
 Minifters  made  the  belt  retreat  they  could,  after  they  had 
 unadvifedly  delivered  themlelves  up  into  the  hands  of  their 
 enemies  ;  for  while  they  were  careful  to  maintain  an  in- 
 violable loyalty  to  his  Majefty's  Perfon  and  Government, 
 they  contended  for  their  religious  principles  in  the  Prefs  ; 
 feveral  new  pamphlets  were  published,  and  a  great  many 
 old  ones  re-printed,  "  about  the  Magiftrates  right  of  im- 
 "  pofing  things  indifferent  in  the  worfhip  of  God  — —  A- 
 
 '*  gainft  bowing  at  the  name   of  Jefus   The  un- 
 
 "  lawfulnefs    of  the  ceremonies    of  the  Church   of  Eng. 
 
 "  land The  common-prayer  book  unmafked  
 
 "  Grievances  and  corruptions  in  Church-government,  &c." 
 moft  of  which  were  anfwered  by  Divines  of  the  epifcopal 
 Party. 
 
 R  3  But 
 
262  The    HISTORY         Vol.  IV. 
 
 King  But  the  moft  remarkable  treatife  that  appeared  about  this 
 
 1660  I!  time»  anc*  ttnicn  ft ll  ^ad  taken  place, muft  have  prevented  the 
 ^_  -y— nj  mifchiefs  that  followed,  was  that  of  the  reverend  Dr.  Edward 
 Bp.  Stilling-  Stillingfleet,  Rector  of  Sutton  in  Bedfordshire,  and  after- 
 fleet's  wards   the   learned    Bifhop  of  Worcefter,  who  firft   made 
 
 remcum.  j^jmfejf  known  to  the  world  at  this  time  by  his  Irenicum  ; 
 or,  "  A  weapon  falve  for  the  Church's  wounds ;,;  printed 
 1660,  in  which  he  attempts  to  prove,  that  no  form  of 
 Church- government  is  of  divine  Right,  and  that  the  Church 
 had  no  power  to  impofe  things  indifferent.  I  fhall  beg 
 lb.  p.  s.  9.  tne  reader's  attention  to  a  few  pages  out  of  this  Preface. 
 10.  "  The  defign  of  our  Saviour  (fays  he)  was  to  eafe  Men  of 
 
 "  their  former  burdens,  and  not  to  lay  on  more  ;  the  duties 
 «'  he  required    were  no  other  but  fitch  as  were  neceflary, 
 •'  and  withal  very  juft  and  reafonable  :    he  that  came  to  take 
 *'  away  the'  infupportable  yoke  of  Jewifh  ceremonies,  cer- 
 tc  tainly    did  never  intend  to   gall   the  neck  of  his  Difcipies 
 "  with  another  inftead  of  it  ;   and  it  would  be  ftrange  the 
 "  Church  {hould   require  more  than  Chrift  himfelf  did,  and 
 "  make  other  conditions  of  her  Communion  than   our  Savi- 
 "  our  did  of  Difciplefhip.     What   poflible   reafon   can   be 
 **  afligned  or  given,  why  fuch  things  fhould  not  be  fufficient 
 **  for  communion  with  a  Church,  which  are  fufficient  for 
 "  eternal  Salvation  ?      And  certainly  thofe  things    are  fuf- 
 '*  ficient  for  that,  which  are  laid  down  for  neceflary  duties 
 ^  of  Chriftianity  by  our    Lord  and   Saviour    in    his  word. 
 u  What  ground  can  there  be  why   Chriftians   fhculd  not 
 "  (land  upon  the  fame  terms  now,  which  they   did    in   the 
 "  time  of  Chrift  and   his  Apoftles  ?    Was  not  religion  furfi- 
 "  ciently    guarded  and   fenced   in  them  ?    Was  there  ever 
 *'  more  true  and  cordial  reverence  in  the  worfhip  of  God  ? 
 *'  What  charter  hath  Chrift  given  the  Church    to  bind  Men 
 "  up  to  more  than   himfelf  has  done  ?    Or  to  exclude  thofe 
 "  from  her  Society  who  may  be   admitted    into    Heaven  ? 
 *'  Will   Chrift   ever  thank  Men  at  the  great  day,  for  keep- 
 "  ing  fuch  out  from   communion   with   his  Church,   who 
 "  he  will  vouchfafe  not  only  crowns  of  glory  to,    but   it 
 "  may  be  Aureolae  too,  if  there  be  any  fuch  things  there  ? 
 "  The  grand  com  million  the  Apoftles  were    fent  out  with, 
 "  was  only  to  teach  what  Chrift  had   commanded  them  ; 
 "  not  the  leaft  intimation  of  any  power  given  them  to  impofe 
 "  or  require  any  thing  beyond  what  himfelf  had  fpoken  to 
 "  them,  or  they  were  directed   to  by  the  immediate  guid- 
 "   ance  of  the  fpirit  of  God.     It  is  not,    whether  the  things 
 "  commanded   and  required  be  lawful  or  not  ?   It  is  not, 
 
 "  whether 
 
 \ 
 
Chap.  V.         of  the  P  u  r  i  t  A  n  s.  263 
 
 <■'•  whether  indifferencies  may  be  determined  or  not  ?    It  is      King 
 
 ««  not  how  far  Chrifiians  are  bound  to  fubmit  to  a  reftraint      l660m 
 
 "  of  their  Chriftian  liberty    which  I  now  enquire  after,  but  ■_  ^ — ,j 
 
 *c  whether  they  confult  the  Church's  peace   and  unity    who 
 
 «'  fufpended  it  on  fuch  things.  —  We  never   read  of  the  A- 
 
 **  pofUes   making  laws  but   of  things   necefTary,    as  Acts 
 
 f<  xv.  29.     It   was  not  enough  with    them   that  the  things 
 
 "  would  be  necefTary  when  they  had  required  them  ;    but 
 
 '*  they     looked    upon      an     antecedent     neceffity    either 
 
 «'  abfolute  or   for  the    prefent   ftate,    which    was  the   only 
 
 "  ground  of  their  impofmg  thefe  commands  upon  the  Gen- 
 
 "  tile  Chrifiians,     But  the  holy  Ghoft  never  thought  thofe 
 
 u  things  fit  to  be  made    matters  of  law  to  which  all  Parties 
 
 "  fhould    conform.     All   that  the   Apofrles  required    as  to 
 
 "  this  was  mutual   forbearance  and  condefcenfion   towards 
 
 "  each  other  in  them.     The  ApofHes  valued  not  indifferen- 
 
 "  cies  at  all  ;    and    thofe    things   they    accounted  as   fuch, 
 
 "  which  were  of  no  concernment  to  their  Salvation.     And 
 
 "  what   reafon  is    there    why   Men    jfhould  be   tied  up  ib 
 
 "  fhictly  to  fuch   things  which  they   may  do  or  let  alone, 
 
 f*  and  be  very  good  Chrifiians?  "Without  allcontroverfy,  the 
 
 "  main   inlet  of  all  the  diffractions,  confufions,  ann  divi- 
 
 if  fions  of  the   Chriftian  world,  has  been  by  adding   other 
 
 "  conditions  of  Church    Communion   than  Chrift  has  done. 
 
 M  Would  there  ever  be  the  lefs  peace  and  unity  in 
 
 "  a  Church  if  a  diverfity  were  allowed  as  to  the  practices 
 <c  fuppofed  indifferent  ?  Yea,  there  would  be  fo  much 
 "  more,  as  there  was  a  mutual  forbearance  and  condefcenfion 
 "  as  to  fuch  things.  The  unity  of  the  Church  is  an  unity 
 "  of  love  and  affection,  aud  not  a  bare  uniformity  of  prac- 
 "  tiee  and  opinion.  --   There  is  nothing  in  the  primi- 
 
 "  tive  Church  more  deferving  cur  imitation  than  that  admi- 
 l<  rable  temper,  moderation  and  condefcenfion  which  was 
 "  ufed  in  it  towards  its  Members.  It  was  never  thought 
 "  worth  the  while  to  make  any  ftanding  Laws  for  rites 
 "  and  cuftoms  that  had  no  other  original  but  Tradition, 
 **  much   lefs   to    fufpend   Men    her   Communion    for  not 
 
 *'  obfemring  them " 
 
 The  Doctor's  propofals  for  an  accommodation  were,  lb.  p.  66,6? 
 *'  1.  That  nothing  be  impofed  as  necefTary  but  what  is 
 u  clearly  revealed  in  the  word  of  God.  i.  That  nothing 
 "  be  required  or  determined  but  what  is  fufficiently  known 
 "  to  be  indifferent  in  its  own  nature.  3.  That  whatever 
 *'  is  thus  determined  be  in  order  only  to  a  due  per- 
 il 4  '*  formance 
 
264  The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y  Vol.  IV. 
 
 ^ins  c<  formance  of  what  is  in  general  required  in  the  word 
 1660.  <c  °f  God,  and  not  to  be  looked  upon  as  any  part  of 
 "  divins  Worfhip  or  Service.  4..  That  no  fanftions  be 
 "  made,  nor  mulfts  or  penalties  be  infli&ed  on  fuch  who 
 "  only  diffent  from  the  ufe  of  fome  things  whofe  law- 
 "  fulnefs  they  at  prefent  fcruple,  'till  fufficient  time  and 
 "  means  be  ufed  for  their  information  of  the  nature  and 
 "  indifferency  of  thefe  things.  I  am  fure  (fays  the  Dr.) 
 fl  it  is  contrary  to  the  primitive  practice,  and  the  mode- 
 "  ration  then  ufcd,  to  fulpend  or  deprive  Men  of  their 
 "  Minifterial  Fu'nftion  for  not  conforming  in  habits  and 
 "  geftures,  or  the  like.  Laftly,  That  Religion  be  not 
 "  clogged  with  ceremonies  :  for  when  they  are  multiplied 
 "  too  much,  though  lawful,  they  eat  out  the  heart, 
 "  life  and  Vigor  of  ChriiHanity.  — "  If  the  Doftor 
 had  kept  to  thefe  principles  he  could  hardly  have  fubferib- 
 ed  the  aft  of  uniformity  next  Year,  much  lefs  have  writ 
 fo  fiercely  againft:  the  Differ.ters,  as  he  did  twenty  Years 
 afterwards.  But  all  he  cquld  fay  or  do  at  prefent  availed 
 nothing,  the  Prefbyterians  were  in  difgrace,  and  nothing 
 could  put  a  lfop  to  the  torrent  of  popular  Fury  that 
 was  coming  down  upon  them. 
 
 The    Earl    of  Clarendon,    Lord    Chancellor,  was    now 
 Kinl's  *'      Vv'imc  M  Shifter,  and  at  the  head  of  affairs.      The   year    be- 
 Man-iage.     gan  with   r:ew  fcenes  of  Pleafure    and  Diverfion,  occafioncd 
 by    the     King's     Marriage    with  the    Infanta   of    Portugal, 
 which  was  confummated  April  30.  'The  Match  was  promo- 
 ted by   General  Monk  and  Lord   Clarendon,    if,   accord  ng 
 to  the  Oxford  Miftoiian,  the  latter  was  not  the  firft  mover 
 of  it.      But  it  was  reckoned   very    odd,  that   a   rroteuant 
 Chancellor    (hould   adviie  the  King   to   a    Popith     Princefs, 
 when  a  Cathufick  King  proposed  at  the  fame  time  a  Proteftant 
 Confoit.     But   his    Lordfhip  had  further  views,  t'cv  it  was 
 talked  of  among  the  Merchants,  that    the  Infanta  could  have 
 no     Children  ;  in    which    cafe  the    Chancellor's    Daughter, 
 who  had  been  privately  married  to  the   King's  Brother,  rnuft 
 fuccecd,  and  her  Ifiue  by  the  Duke  of  York  fill  the  Throne  ; 
 whfch   happened    accordingly  in  the  Perfons  of  Queen  Mary 
 II.   and  Queen  Anne.     Such  was  the  afpiring  Views   of  this 
 great  Man,   whieh,  together  with   his  haughty  Behaviour   to- 
 wards his  Inferiors,   proved  his  ruin. 
 Charafter  of      ^  '1C  Convention    Parliament  being  diflblved,  a  new   one 
 tbe  new        was  fummoncd  to  meet  May  8.     The  Houfe  of  Commons 
 Parliament.  was   ITiaje  Wp   0f  Reprelentatives   agreeable  to  the  wifhes  of 
 the  Courtiers,  who  had  taken  care  to  recommend  fuch  Per- 
 fons 
 
Chap.  V.        of  the    Puritans.  165 
 
 fons  for  Members  as  were  zealous  enemies  of  the  Prefbyteri-      King 
 ans  and  followed  the  principles  of  Archbifhop  Laud  ;    many      ,  , , , 
 of  them  had  their  eftates  impaired  in  the  late  wars,     and  ha-  *-. — ^— » J 
 ving  now  their  fortunes  to  make,  became  tools  of    doing   in- 
 finite  mi:chief    to  the  Nation.       The  Court  kept  above  one 
 hundred    of    them   in   pay,    who  went  bv  the  name  of  the 
 Club  of  Voters,    and    received    lar_ie  fums,  of  money  out  of 
 the  Exchequer,  till  thev  had  almoft  fub verted  the  Conffituti- 
 011  ;    and    then,    becaufe   thev    would    noc  put  the  finifhing 
 hand  to  what  they  had  unadviledly  begun,  they  were  ciifTol- 
 ved. 
 
 The    King  acquainted   the   Houfes  at  the  opening  of  the  The  King* 
 Seffions,     that    "   He  valued  himfelf  much  upon  keeping  his  ar)d  Lord 
 "  Word,     and    upon    making  good  whdtfoever  he  had  pro-  Speech  °"  * 
 "  mifed  to  his  Subjects. "      But  tru- Chancellor,  who  enlar-  K.  chron. 
 ged  upon  the  King's  Speech,  fpoke  a  different  language,  and  P- 437- 
 told  the  Houfe,    "    That  there  were  a  fort  of  parties  in  the 
 "  kingdom  that  deferved  their  utmoft  feverity,   and  none  of 
 *'  their  lenity  ;  thefe  were  the  Seditious  Preachers  who  could 
 "   not  be  contented  to  be  difpenced  with  for  their  full  obedi- 
 "  ence  to  fome   Laws  eftabhfhed,  without  reproaching  and 
 "  inveighing   againft  thofe  Laws    how   etfablifhed    foever, 
 "  who    tell    their   Auditories    that   when    the  Apoftle    bid 
 "  them    /land    to  their    Liberties,    he   bid    them  ftand    to 
 "  their  Arms,    and  who  by    repeating  the  very  exprefiions, 
 "  and  teaching  the   very  Doctrines  they  fet  on  foot  in   they 
 "  ear    1640.    fufficientlv    declare   that  they   have  no  mind 
 "  that   twenty  years    fhould    put  an   end    to    the    miferies 
 *'  we   have   undergone.       What    good  Christians  can  think 
 "  without  hoiror,  of  thefc  Minifters   of  the  Gofpel,    who 
 "  by  their  function  fhould  be  meiTengers  of  Peace,  but  are 
 "  in  their  practice  the  on.ly  Trumpets  of  War,  andlncen- 
 
 '.'  diaries   towards  Rebellion? And  if  the  Perfons  and 
 
 **  Place  can  aggravate  their  offence,  fo  no  doubt  it  does 
 "  before  God  and  Man.  Methinks  the  preacliing  Rebellion 
 "  and  Treafon  out  of  the  Pulpit,  mould  be  as  much  worfe 
 "  than  advancing  it  in  the  market,  as  poifoning  a  Man  at  a 
 "  Communion,     would    be    worfe   than  killing    him    at    a 
 
 ct  Tavern •"       His    Lordfhip  concludes   thus  :    "  If 
 
 »*  vou  do  not  provide  for  the  thorough  quenching  thefe 
 "  Firebrands  j  King,  Lords  and  Commons  fhall  be  their 
 "  meaneft  Subjects,  and  the  whole  Kingdom  be  kindled 
 lt  into  a  general  Flame."  This  was  a  home  Thruft  at  the 
 Prefbyterians  ;  the  Chancellor  did  not  explain  himfelf  upon 
 the  Authors  of  the  feditious  Sermons,  his  defign  being  not  to 
 
 accufe 
 
266 
 
 The  HISTORY 
 
 Vol.  IV. 
 
 King's 
 fecond 
 Speech  to 
 his  Parlia- 
 
 Sham    P!r'ts 
 fathered  on 
 the  Preiby- 
 tenans. 
 Yamng- 
 •  on's  Plot. 
 
 K.  fchr. 
 
 i>.  602. 
 
 accufe  particular  Perfons,  but  to  qbtain  a  general  order 
 which  might  fupprefs  all  Preachers  that  were  not  of  the  Church 
 of  England  ;  and  the  Parliament  was  prepared  to  go  blind- 
 fold into  all  the  Court  Meafures ;  for  in  this  Seffions  the 
 Militia  was  given  absolutely  to  the  King The  So- 
 lemn League  and    Covenant  was  declared  void,  and  illegal 
 
 The  A£t  for  difa  Ming  Perfons  in  Holy  Orders  to  exer- 
 
 cife    temporal    Jurifdiction   was   repealed The    Bifhops 
 
 were  reftored  to  their  Seats  in  Parliament The  old  Ec- 
 
 cleftaftical    Jurifdidtion    was   revived  by   the   Repeal  of  the 
 
 1 7th  of  Charles  I.  except  the  Oath  ex    Officio And   it 
 
 was  made  a  Praemunire  to  call  the  King  a  Papift. 
 
 The  ftorm  was  all  this  while  gathering  thick  over  the 
 Prefbyterians  ;  for  when  the  Parliament  met  a  fecond  Time, 
 Nov.  20.  the  King  complimented  the  Bifhops,  who  appear- 
 ed now  in  their  Places  among  the  Peers,  and  faid  in  his 
 Speech,  That  it  was  a  Felicity  he  had  much  defired  to  fee, 
 as  the  only  Thing  wanting  to  reftore  the  old  Conftitution. 
 He  then  (poke  the  Language  of  the  Chancelor,  and  told  the 
 Commons,  "  That  there  -ere  many  wicked  inftruments 
 "  who  laboured  night  and  day  to  difturb  the  publick  Peace 
 "  -That  it  w:!s  worthy  of  their  care  to  provide  proper 
 
 "  remedies  for  the  difeafes  of  that  kind  ;  that  if  they  found 
 "  new  difeafes  they  mud  find  new  remedies.  That  the 
 "  difficulties  which  concerned  Religion  were  too  hard  for 
 "  htm,  and  therefore  he  recommended  them  to  their  care 
 *'  and  deliberation  who  could  bell  provide  for  them."  The 
 Deftgn  of  this  Speech  was  to  make  way  for  breaking  through 
 the  Breda  Declaration,  and  to  fumim  the  Parliament  with  a 
 pretence* for  treating  the  Non-Conformifts  with  Rigor,  to 
 which  they  were  but  too  well  inclined  of  themfelves. 
 
 '  Pis  eafy  for  a  King  or  Prime  Minifter  to  raife  a  Cry  of 
 Sedition,  or  to  fp read  Reports  of  dangerous  Plots  and  Con- 
 spiracies, when  they  have  a  mind  to  rain  down  vengence 
 upon  their  enemies,  tho'  they  behave  with  all  imaginable 
 circumfpedion  and  duty.  But  this  was  the  Plan  the  Court 
 went  upon  for  the  Execution  of  their  Defigns. 
 
 Lord  Clarendon,  in  a  conference  between  thetwoHoufes, 
 affirmed  positively,  that  there  was  a  real  Confpiracy  againft 
 the  Peace  of  the  Kingdom  ;  and  tho'  it  was  difconcerted  in 
 the  City,  it  was  carried  on  in  divers  Counties ;  a  Committee 
 was  therefore  appointed  to  enquire  into  the  truth  of  the  Re- 
 port ;  but  after  all  their  examinations  not  one  fingle  Perfon 
 was  put  to  Death,  or  fo  much  as  profecuted  for  it.  Great 
 Pains  was  taken  to  fatten  fomething  on  the  Prefbyterians ;  letters 
 
 were 
 
Chap.  V.        of  the  Puritan  s.  26^7 
 
 were  fent  from  unknown  hands  to  the  Chiefs   of   the  Party       King 
 in  feveral  Counties,  intimating  the  defign  of  a  general  infur-       *£6l  ' 
 re&ion  ,in  which  their  friends  were  concerned,  and  defiring  \^*\~\j 
 them  to  ccmmunicate  it  to  certain  Perfons  in    their  Neigh- 
 bourhood,  whom  they  name  in  their  Letters,  that  they  may 
 be  ready  at  a  time  and  place.      A   letter   of   this  kind  was 
 directed  to    the  Reverend   Mr.    Sparry  in  Worcefterfhire, 
 defiring    him   and    Captain   Yarrington  to  be   ready  with 
 money  ;    and  to  acquaint  Mr.    Oatland  and  Mr.  Baxter 
 with    the  Defign.      This,  with  a  Packet  of  the  fame  kind, 
 was  faid  to  be  left  under  a  hedge  by  a  Scots   Pedlar ;    and  as 
 foon  as  they  were  found  they  were  carried  to  Sir  J.  Packing- 
 ton,  who   immediately  committed    Sparry,    Oatland,    and 
 Yarrington  to   prifon.      The    Militia   of   the  County  was 
 raifed,    and  the   City    of   Worcefter  put  into  a  pofture  of 
 Defence  ;    but   the  (ham  was  fo  notorious,  that  the  Earl  of 
 Briftol,  tho'  a  Papift,    was  afhamed  of  it ;    and   after  fome 
 time   the   prifoners,    for    want  of  evidence,  were  releafed. 
 The  Members  for  Oxfordfnire,  Hereforfhire,  and  Stafford- 
 fhire,     informed    the  Commons,    that  they   had    rumours 
 of  the  like  confpiracies  in  their   Counties.      Bifliop  Burnet 
 fays,    **  That   many  were  taken  up,  but  none  tried  ;  that  p.  14?. 
 *4  thii  was  done  to  faften  an  Odium  on   the  Prefbyterians, 
 "  and  to  help  carry  the  Penal  Laws  thro'  the  Houfe  ;    and 
 "  there   were   appearances  of  foul  dealing  (fays  he)  among 
 "  the  fiercer  fort."      Mr.    Locke  adds,  that  reports  of  a 
 general  infurreclion  were  fpread  over  the  whole  Nation,  by 
 the  very  perfons  that  invented  them ;  and  tho'  Lord  Claren- 
 don could  not  but  be  acquainted  with  the  Farce,  he  kept  it  on  Rapin, 
 foot  to  facilitate  the  palling  the  Penal  Laws  that  were  now  p>  *89« 
 coming  upon    the  carpet.      The  Government  could  not 
 with    decency  attack     the    Non-Conformifts    purely    on 
 account  of  their  religion ;  the  declaration   from   Breda   was 
 too  exprefs  'on  that  article  ;    they    were  therefore  to   be 
 accufed  right  or  wrong  of  raifing  difturbances  in  the  State. 
 But  fuppofing  the  fact  to  be  true,  that  fome  few  Malecon- 
 tents  had  been  raifing  difturbances,    wnich    yet   was   never 
 made  appear,  what  reafon  can  be   given  why   it  fhould    be 
 charged    upon  the"  principles  of    a  whole  body   of   Men, 
 who  were  willing  to  be  quiet. 
 
 It  was  neverthelefs  on  this  bafe  and  difhonourable  foun-  K  chron. 
 dation,  that  the  firft  Penal   Law  which  palled  againft  the  p.  60a. 
 Non-Conformifts  this  Seffion  was  founded,  entitled, 
 
 An 
 
268  The  HISTORY       Vol  IV. 
 
 King  An   Aft  for  the   well-governing  and   regulating  Corpo- 
 
 chir}f   ■     rations  ;    which  enacts,    "   That  within  the  feveral  Cities, 
 .,_,__.  _P  u  Corporations,  Boroughs,   Cinque  Ports,  and   other  Port 
 Corporation   "  Towns  within  the  Kingdoms  of  England,    Dominion 
 A&.  St  t.     <c  0f  Wales,  and  Town  of  Berwick  on  Tweed,  all  Mayors, 
 Sell  2 a'       <f  Aldermen,     Recorders,     Bailiffs,     Town-Cierks,   Corn- 
 Cap,  i.         "  mon-Council-Men,    and  other  Perfons,   bearing  any  Of- 
 "  fice  or  Offices  of  Magiftracy,   or  Places,    or  Trulls,  or 
 "  other  Imployment   relating   to,  or  concerning  the   Go- 
 "  vernment  of  the  faid  refpe6tive  Cities,  Corporations,  and 
 "  Boroughs,  and    Cinque  Ports,  and  their  Members,  and 
 l<  other  Port-Towns,  fhall  take  the  Oaths  of  Allegiance 
 «*  and  Supremacy,  and  this  Oath  following, 
 
 "  I  A.  B.  do  declare  and  believe,  that  it  is  not  lawful 
 "  upon  any  pretence  whatsoever  to  take  Arms  againft  the 
 "  King  ;  and  that  I  do  abhor  that  traiterous  pofition  of 
 "  taking  Arms  by  his  Authority  againft  hisPerfon,  or  againft 
 "  thofe  that  are  commiflioned  by  him." 
 
 They  fhall  alfo  fubfcribe  the  following  Declaration, 
 
 "  I  A.  B.  do  declare,  that  there  lies  no  obligation 
 *'  upon  me  from  the  Solemn  League  and  Covenant, 
 *;  aud  that  the  fame  was  an  unlawful  Oath  impofed  on 
 '*  the  Subject  a^ainil  the  Laws  and  Liberties  of  the  King- 
 w  ciom." 
 
 '*:  Provided  alfo,  and  be  it  ena{  ie  Authority  a- 
 
 i(  forefaid,  that  no  Perfon  fhal!  hereafter  be  elected,  or 
 "  cnofen  intp  any  cf  the  Offices  or  Places  aforefaid,  that 
 "  fhall  not  have  within  one  year  next  before  fuch  Election 
 '!  or  Choice,  taken  the  Sacrament  of  the  Lord's  Supper, 
 "  according  to  the  Rites  of  the  Church  of  England; 
 "  and  that  every  Perfon  fo  elected  (hall  take  the  afore- 
 *e  faid  Oaths,  and  fubfcribe  the  faid  Declaration  at  the 
 "  fame  fime  when  the  Oath  for  the  due  Execution  of 
 rt  the  iVJd  Places  and  Offices  fhall  be  refpettiveiy  admi- 
 *«  niflered." 
 
 Remarks.  Thus   all  Non-Conformifls  were   turned  out  of   all   the 
 
 Branches  of  Magistracy  at  once,  and  rendered  incapable  of 
 ferving  their  Country  in  the  meanefl  Offices  of  a  Common- 
 Cruncif-Man,  or  a  Burgefs  or  Bailiff  of  a  Corporation. 
 The  Oath  impofed  in  this  AGt  robbed  them  of  their  Right 
 
 as 
 
Chap.  VI.       of  the  Puritans. 
 
 as  Subjects  ;  Mr.  Eachard  confeffes  that  it  feems  at  once 
 to  give"  up  the  whole  Conftitution  ;  and  no  wonder  (fays 
 he)  if  many  of  the  Clergy  as  well  as  Laity  on  the  account 
 of  this  Act,  efpoufed  a  Doctrine,  which  if  rigidly  taken,  was 
 hard  to  be  reconciled  to  the  great  Deliverance  afterwards. 
 Mr.  Rapin  adds,  that  to  fay  that  it  "  is  not  lawful  on  any 
 "  pretence  whatfoever  to  refifr  the  King,"  is  properly 
 fpeaking  to  deliver  up  the  Liberties  of  the  Nation  into  his 
 Hands.  The  High  Churchmen  had  then  extraordinary 
 Ideas  of  the  Royal  Authority,  but  even  this  Parliament  af- 
 terwards did  not  think  fit  to  admit  the  the  dangerous  Confe- 
 quences  of  their  own  Maxims. 
 
 Commiflioners  were  appointed,  and  employed  all  this  and 
 the  next  year  to  vifit  the  feveral  Corporations  in  England, 
 and  to  turn  out  of  Office  fuch  as  were  never  fo  little  fufpe6t- 
 ed  ;  who  executed  their  Commiffions  with  fuch  Rigor,  that 
 Corporations  had  not  one  Member  who  was  not  entirely  de- 
 voted to  the  King  and  the  Church. 
 
 CHAP.    VI. 
 
 From  the  Conference  at  the  Savoy,  to  the  Act  of  Unifor- 
 mity. 
 
 According  to  his  Majefty's  Declaration  of  October  25.  Conference 
 1660.  concerning  Ecclefiaftical  Affairs,  twelve  Bifhops  at  the  Savoy, 
 and  nine  AfTiftants  were  appointed  on  the  part  of  the  Epifco- 
 pal  Church  of  England  ,  and  as  many  Minifters  on  the  fide 
 of  the  Prefbyterians,  to  affemble  at  the  Bifhop  of  London's 
 Lodgings  at  the  Savoy,  "  to  review  the  Book  of  Common- 
 "  Prayer,  comparing  it  with  the  moft  antient  and  pureft 
 "  Liturgies ;  and  to  take  into  their  ferious  and  grave  con- 
 "  fiderations  the  feveral  Directions  and  Rules,  Forms  of 
 "  Prayer,  and  things  in  the  faid  Book  of  Common- Prayer 
 "  contained,  and  to  advife  and  confult  upon  the  fame,  and 
 "  the  feveral  objections  and  exceptions  which  fhall  now  be 
 "  raifed  againft  the  fame  ;  and  if  occafion  be,  to  make  fuch 
 "  reafonable  and  neceffary alterations, corrections  andamend- 
 u  ments  as  fhall  be  agreed  upon  to  be  needful  and  expedient 
 '*  for  giving  fatisfaction  to  tender  Confciences,and  the  reftor- 
 "  ing  and  continuance  of  Peace  and  Unity  in  the  Churches 
 "  under  his  Majefty's  Government  and  Direction."  They 
 were   to    continue  four  Months  from  the  25th  of  March 
 
 1 661. 
 
27o  The  HISTORY        Vol.  IV. 
 
 King       i56i.  and  then  pre  fen  t  the  refult  of  their  Conferences  to  his 
 Chariesii.    Majefly  under  their  feveral  hands. 
 1661.  J     ' 
 
 The  Names  of  the  Epifcopai  Divines  on  the  Side  of  the 
 Eftablifhment  at  the  Savoy  Conference  were, 
 
 TheMoft  Rev.  Dr.  Accepted  Frewen,  Abp.  of  York, 
 The  Rt.  Rev.    Dr.  Gilbert  Shele'on,  j_  <..  of  London, 
 
 Dr.  John  Cofins,  Bifhop  of  Durham, 
 
 Dr.  John  Warner,  Bifhop  of  Rochefler, 
 
 Dr.  Henry  King,  Bifhop  of  Ci  ichefier, 
 
 -Dr.  Humphry  H.nchman,  Bif.iopof  Sarum, 
 
 . , £)r  George  Morley,  Bifhop  of  Worcefter, 
 
 Dr.  Robert  Saunderfon,  Bifhop  of  Lincoln, 
 
 — Dr.  Benjamin  Laney,  Bp  of  Peterborough, 
 
 Dr.  Bryan  Walton,  Bifhop  of  Chefler, 
 
 • Dr.  Richard  Sterne,  Bifhop  of  Carlifle, 
 
 -Dr.  John  Gauden,  Bifhop  of  Exeter. 
 
 Their  Affiftants, 
 
 John  Earle,  D.  D.  Dean  of  Peter  Gunning,  D.  D. 
 
 Weftm.  John  Pearfon,  D.  D. 
 
 Peter  Heylin,  D.  D.  Thomas  Pierce,  D.  D. 
 
 John  Hacket,  D.  D.  Anthony  Sparrow,  D.  D. 
 
 John  Barwick,  D.  D.  Herbert  Thorndike,  B.  D. 
 
 The  Names  of  the  Prefbyterian  Divines,  or  thofe  who  were 
 for  Alterations  in  the  Hierarchy  of  the  Church  at  the  Sa- 
 voy Conference  were, 
 
 The  Rt.  Rev.  Edward  Reynolds,  Bifhop  of  Norwich, 
 The  Rev.  Antony  Tuckney,  D.  D.  M.  St.  John's  Col.  Cam. 
 ■  John  Conant,  D.  D.  Reg.  Prof.  Oxon, 
 
 "  '     ■ William  Spurftow,  D.  D.  Vicar,  Hackney, 
 
 John  Walls,  D.  D.  Sav.  Prof.  Geom. 
 
 Thomas  Marton,  D.  D.  Mart,  of  Cov.  Garden, 
 
 — -  Edmond  Calamy,  B.  D.  of  Aldermanbury, 
 
 Mr.  Richard  Baxter,  CI.  late  of  Kiderminfter, 
 
 Mr.  Arthur  Jackfon,  Clerk  of  St.  Faith's, 
 
 Mr.  Thomas  Cafe,  Clerk,  Reft,  of  St.  Giles, 
 
 Mr.  Sam.  Clarke,  of  St.  Bennet  Fink, 
 
 1 —  Mr.  Matth.  Newcomen,  Clerk,  of  Dedham. 
 
 Their 
 
Chap. V.         of  the  Puritans*  271 
 
 Their  Afliftants.  Kin<r 
 
 Charles,  IL 
 
 The  Rev.  Thomas  Horton,  D.  D.  1661. 
 
 Thomas  Jacomb,  D.  D.  U— y-^J 
 
 1 Will.  Bates,  D.  D. 
 
 Will  Cooper,  D.  D. 
 
 John  Lightfoot,  D.  D. 
 
 ■ John  Collins,  D.  D. 
 
 Benj.  Wood  bridge,  D.  D. 
 
 Mr.  John  Rawlinfon,  Clerk, 
 
 Mr.  Will.  Drake,  Clerk. 
 
 When  the  CommifTioners  were  affembled  the  firfr.  time,  Opening  of 
 April    15,  the  Archbifhop  of  York  ilood   up  and  faid,  He  the  Confe- 
 knew  but  little  of  the  bufinefs   they  were  met  about,  and  gn.ce*.. 
 therefore  referred  it   to  Dr    Sheldon,  Bifhopof    London,  Life, 
 who  gave  it  as  his  opinion,  that  the  Preibyterians  having  Pa«  H. 
 defired  this  Conference,  they  [the  Bifhops]   mould  neither  p'  3°5' 
 fay  nor  do  any  thing  till  the  others  had  brought  in  all  their 
 Exceptions  and  Complaints  againfl  the  Liturgy  in  writing, 
 with  their  additional  Forms  and  Amendments.     The  Pref- 
 byterians  humbly  moved  for  a  Conference  according  to  the 
 words  of  the  Commiflion,  but  the  Bifhop  of  London  infift- 
 ing  peremptorily  upon  his  own  method,  the  others  confent- 
 ed  to  bring  in  their  Exceptions  at  one  time  and  their  Ad- 
 ditions at  another.     For  this  purpofe  Bifhop  Reynolds,  Dr.  ibid. 
 Wallis,  and  the  reft  of  the  Prefbyterian  party,  met  from  Part  n« 
 day  to  day  to  collect  their  Exceptions ;  But  the  Additions,  p"  3°5" 
 or  drawing  up  a  new  Form,  was  intruded  with  Mr.  Bax-  p.  i8o. 
 ter  alone.     "  Bifhop  Sheldon  faw  well  enough  (fays  Burnet) 
 *'  what  the  effect  would  be  of  obliging  them  to  make  all 
 '*  their  demands  at  once,  that  the  Number  would   raife   a 
 "  a  mighty  outcry  againft  them  as  a  People  that  could  ne- 
 *'  ver  be  fatisfied."     On  the  other  hand,  the  Prefbyterians 
 were  divided  in   their  Sentiments ;  fome  were  for  infifting 
 only  on   a  few   important   things,  reckoning  that  if  they 
 were  gained,  and  an  Union  followed,  it  might  be  eafier  to 
 obtain  other  things  afterwards.     But   the  majority,  by  the 
 influence   of  Mr.  Baxter,  were  for  extending  their  defires 
 to  the  utmoft,  and  thought  themfelves  bound  by  the  Words 
 of  the  Commiflion  to  offer  every  thing  they  thought  might 
 conduce  to  the  peace  of  the  Church,  without  confidering 
 what  an  afpect  this  would  have  with  the  World,  or  what 
 influence  their  numerous  demands  might  have  upon  the 
 
 minds 
 
272  The  HISTORY  Vol.  IV. 
 
 King       minds  of  thofe  who  were  now  their  Superiors  in  Numbers 
 iflft        and  Strength  ;   but  when  they  were  put  in  mind   that  the 
 _.—  -  _j  King's  Commiffion  gave   them  no  power  to  alter   the  Go- 
 vernment  of    the  Church,  nor  to  infill  upon   Archbifhop 
 Ufher's  mode!,   nor  fo  much  as  to  claim  the  Concerfions  of 
 his  Majefly's  late  De^:  they  were   quite    heartlefs  ; 
 
 for  they  now  Iass  that  all  they  were  to  expect  was  a  few 
 amendments  in  the  Liturgy  and  Common-Prayer  Book. 
 Tliis  was  concluded  before- hand  at  Court,  and  .nothing  more 
 intended  than  to  drop  the  Preibyterians  with  forne  plaufible 
 decency. 
 HarajTiips  of  The  Minifters  were  under  this  further  hardfhip,  that  they 
 thePresby-  were  to  tranfacl  for  a  body  of  Men  from  whom  they  had 
 tu-ians.  no  pOWer>  and  therefore  could  not  be  obliged  to  abide  by 
 their  decifions  ;  they  told  the  King  and  the  Prime  Miniiter, 
 that  they  mould  be  glad  to  confult  their  abfent  Brethren, 
 and  receive  from  them  a  Commiflion  in  Form  ;  but  this 
 was  denied,  and  they  were,  required  only  to  give  in  their 
 own  Senfe  of  things,  to  which  they  confented,  provided 
 the  Bifhops  at  the  fame  time  would  bring  in  their  Concef- 
 fions  ;  but  thefe  being  content  to  abide  by  the  Liturgy  as 
 it  then  flood,  had  nothing  to  offer,  nor  would  they  admit 
 of  any  alteration  but  what  the  Prefbyterians  fhould  make 
 appear  to  be  neceffary.  With  this  dark  and  melancholy 
 profpetf.  the  Conference  was  opened.  *  It  would  inter- 
 rupt the  courfe  of  this  Hiflory  too  much,  to  infert  all  the 
 Exceptions  of  the  Preibyterians  to  the  prefent  Liturgy, 
 and  the  papers  that  paffed  between  the  CommifTioners, 
 with  the  Letter  of  the  Prefbyterian  Minifters  to  the  Arch- 
 bifhop and  Bifhops,  and  the  account  they  gave  of  the 
 whole  to  the  King.  I  fhall  only  take  notice  in  this  place, 
 that  inflead  of  drawing  up  a  few  fupplemental  Forms,  and 
 making  fome  amendments  to  the  old  Liturgy,  Mr.  Bax- 
 ter compofed  an  entire  new  one  in  the  Language  of  Scrip- 
 ture, which  he  called  the  Reformed  Liturgy  ;  not  with  a 
 defign  entirely  to  fet  afide  the  old  one,  but  to  give  Men 
 liberty  to  ufe  either  as  they  thought  fit.  It  was  drawn  up 
 in  a  fhort  compafs  of  time,  and  after  it  had  been  examin- 
 
 *  N.  B.  All  the  Papers  relating  to  the  Conference  at  the  Savoy 
 are  colle&ed  in  a  Book,  entituled,  "  The  Hiftory  of  Non-Con- 
 "  formity,"  as  it  was  argued  and  ftated  by  Commiffioners  on  both 
 Sides  appointed  by  his  Majelty  King  Charles  II.  in  the  year  i66r. 
 Qttavo.    Edit.  2d.  1708. 
 
 cd, 
 
Chap,  VI.       of  the  Puritans.  273 
 
 ed,  and  approved  by   the  Brethren,    was  prefented   to  the  r,Kl,n°Tr 
 Bifhops  in  the   Conference,  together  with  their  exceptions       ,66i.* 
 to  the  Old  Liturgy.     This  gave  great  offence,  as  prefum-  ■_  — — ,j 
 ing  that  a  Liturgy  drawn  up  by  a  Tingle  hand  in  fourteen 
 days,  was   to   be  preferred,    or  Hand  in  competition  with 
 one  had  been  approved  by  the  Church  for  a  whole  Century. 
 Belldes,  it  was  inconfiitent  with    the  CommiiTion   and  the 
 Bifhop'sDeclaration  of  varying  no  further  from  the  old  Stand- 
 ard than  mould  appear  to    be  neceiTary,  and  therefore  the 
 Reformed  Liturgy,   as   it  was  called,  was  rejected  at  once 
 without  being  examined. 
 
 When  thePrefbyterians  brought  in  their  Exceptions  to  the  Proceeding-: 
 Liturgy,  they  prefented  at  the  fame  time  a  Petition  for  of.tJ}e  c  ,,m" 
 Peace,  befeeching  the  Bifhops  to  yield  to  their  Amena- 
 ments  ;  to  free  them  from  the  Subfcriptions  and  Oaths  in 
 his  Majefty's  late  Declaration,  and  not  to  infill  upon  the 
 Re-Ordination  of  thofe  who  had  been  ordained  without  a 
 Diocefan  Bifhop,  nor  upon  the  Surplice,  the  Crols  in  Bap- 
 tifm,  and  other  indifferent  Ceremonies  ;  for  this  purpofe, 
 they  make  ufe  of  various  motives  and  arguments,  fufficient, 
 in  my  judgment,  to  influence  all  that  had  any  concern  for 
 the  Honour  of  God,  and  the  Salvation  of  Souls.  The  Bi- 
 fhops gave  a  particular  anfwer  to  thefe  Exceptions  ;  to 
 which  the  Prefbyterians  made  fuch  a  reply,  as  in  the  opi- 
 nion of  their  adverfaries,  mewed  them  to  be  Men  of  Learn- 
 ing, and  well  verfed  in  the  practice  of  the  antient  Church  ; 
 however,  the  Bifhops  would  indulge  nothing  to  their  preju- 
 dices ;  upon  which  they  fent  them  a  large  expoflulatory 
 Letter,  where. n,  after  having  repeated  their  objecYions,  they 
 lay  the  wounds  of  the  Church  at  their  door. 
 
 The  time  of  Treaty  being  almoif.  fpun  out  in  a  paper  a  Difpo»t?< 
 Controverfy,  about  ten  days  before    the  CommiiTion  expi-  rn  P"*p«f«f« 
 red,  adifputation  was  agreed  on,  to  argue  the  Necefiity  of  Ljfeters 
 alterations  in   the  prefer  t   Liturgy.     Three   of  each  party  Partir. 
 were  chofe  to  manage  the  Argument  ;  Dr.  Pearfon,  Gun-  P-  337- 
 ning,  and   Sparrow  on  one  fide  ;    and  Dr.  Bates,  Jacomb, 
 and   Mr.  Baxter  on  the  other.     The  reft  were  at  liberty  to 
 withdraw  if  they  p'.eafed.     Mr.  Baxter  was  Opponent,  and 
 began  to  prove  the  finfulnefs  of  impofitions,  but  through 
 ivant  of  order,  frequent  interruptions,    and  perfonal  reflec- 
 tions,   the  difpute  turned   to  no   account ;    a   number  of 
 young  Divines  interrupting  the  Prefbyterian  Minifters  and 
 laughing  them  to  fcorn.     At  length  Bifhop  Cofins  produ-  K.  Chr, 
 ced  a  paper,  containing  an   Expedient  to  fhorten  the  de-  P*  5°4« 
 bate,  which  was,  to  put  the  Minifters  on  diflinguifhing  be- 
 
 Vol.  IV.  S  tween 
 
274 
 
 King 
 
 Charles  II. 
 
 t66x. 
 
 Baxter'* 
 Life, 
 Part  II. 
 P-  34" • 
 
 The  Suhjti? 
 of  the  Dil- 
 
 pute. 
 
 The    HISTORY        Vol.  IV. 
 
 tween  "  thofe  things  which  they  charged  as  Sinful,  and 
 "  thofe  which  were  only  Inexpedient."  The  three  Dif- 
 putants  on  the  Minifters  fide  were  defired  to  draw  up  an  An- 
 fwer  to  this  Paper,  which  they  did,  and  charged  the  Rubrick 
 and  Injunctions  of  the  Church  with  eight  things  flatly  finful, 
 and  contrary  to  the  Word  of  God. 
 
 1 .  That  no  Minifter  be  admitted  to  bapti7e  without  ufing 
 the  Sign  of  the  Crofs. 
 
 2.  That  no  Minifter  be  admitted  to  officiate  without  wear- 
 ing a  Surplice. 
 
 3.  That  none  be  admitted  to  the  Lord's  Supper  without 
 he  receive  it  kneeling. 
 
 4  That  Minifters  be  obliged  to  pronounce  all  baptized 
 Perfcns  "  regenerated  by  the  Holy  Ghoft,"  whether  they 
 be  the  Children  of  Chriftians  or  not. 
 
 5.  That  Minifters  be  obliged  to  deliver  the  Sacrament  of 
 the  Body  and  Blood  of  Chrift  to  the  "  unfit  both  in 
 t(  Health  and  Sicknefs,"  and  that,  by  perfonal  application, 
 putting  it  into  their  hands,  even  thofe  who  are  forced  to 
 receive  it  againft  their  wills,  through  confeioufnefs  of  their 
 impenitency. 
 
 6.  That  Minifters  are  obliged  to  abfolve  the  Unfit,  and 
 that  in  abfolute  Expreffions. 
 
 7.  That  Minifters  are  forced  to  give  thanks  for  all 
 whom  they  bury,  as  "  Brethren  whom  God  has  taken  to 
 *f  himfelf." 
 
 8.  That  none  may  be  Preachers  who  do  not  fubferibe, 
 "  that  there  is  nothing  in  the  Common-Prayer  Book,  Book 
 "  of  Ordination,  and  the  thirty  nine  Articles  contrary  to 
 "  the  Word  of  God." 
 
 After  a  great  deal  of  loofe  difcourfe  it  was  agreed  to  de- 
 bate the  third  Article,  "  of  denying  the  Communion  to  fuch 
 "  as  could  not  kneel."  The  Minifters  proved  their  affertion 
 thus,  that  it  was  denying  the  Sacrament  to  fuch  whom  the 
 Holy  Ghoft  commanded  ns  to  receive  ;  Rom.  xiv.  1,  2,  3. 
 "  Him  that  is  weak  in  the  Faith  receive  ye,  but  not  to  doubt- 
 "  ful  difputations :  One  believes  he  may  eat  all  things ;  an- 
 "  other,  that  is  weak,  eateth  Herbs :  Let  not  him  that  eat- 
 "  elh  defpife  him  that  eateth  not ;  and  let  not  him  that  eateth 
 "  not,  judge  him  that  eateth,  for  God  has  received  him." 
 The  Epifcopal  Divines  would  not  underftand  this  of  the 
 Communion.  They  alfo  difhnguifhed  between  things  lawful 
 in  themfelves,  and  things  both  lawful  in  themfelves  "  and 
 u  required  by  lawful  Authority."  In  the  former  cafe  they 
 admit  a  liberty,  but  the  latter  being  injoined  by  Autho- 
 rity 
 
Chap.   VI.         of  the  Puritans.   .  275* 
 
 Charles  II. 
 
 ICO  1. 
 
 hority  become  necefTarv.  The  Minifiers  replied,  that  things  King 
 about  which  there  is  to  be  a  forbearance  ought  not  to  oe  en- 
 joined by  authority,  a.. J  made  necefiary  ;  and  for  Governors 
 to  reject  men  by  this  rule  is  to  defeat  the  ApofHe's  reafoning, 
 and  fo  contrary  to  the  iaw  oi'  God.  But  when  Dr.  Gunning  K-  chron. 
 had  read  certain  citations  and  authorities  for  the  other  fide  of  p' 5 
 the  queftion,  Bifhop  Cofins  the  Moderator  called  out  to  the 
 reft  of  the  Bifhops  and  Doctors,  and  put  the  queftion,  u  All 
 **  you  that  think  Di*.  Gunning  has  proved  that  Romans  xiv. 
 "  fpeaketh  not  of  receiving  the  Sacrament,  fay  Ay."  Upon 
 which  there  was  a  general  cry  among  the  hearers,  Ay,  Ay  ; 
 the  epifcopal  Divines  having  great  numbers  of  their  party  in 
 the  hall ;  whereas  the  Minifters  had  not  above  two  or  three 
 gentlemen  and  fcholars  who  had  the  courage  to  appear  with 
 them.  Neverthelefs  they  maintained  their  point,  and  (as 
 Bifhop  Burnet  obferves)  infilled  upon  it,  4t  that  a  law  which 
 *f  excludes  all  from  the  Sacrament  who  dare  not  kneel,  was 
 "  unlawful,  as  it  was  a  limitation  in  point  of  Communion 
 "  put  upon  the  laws  of  Chrift,  which  ought  to  be  the  only 
 '*  condition  of  thofe  that  have  right  to  it." 
 
 At  length  the  epifcopal  Divines  became  opponents  upon  the 
 fame  queftion,  and  argued  thus ;  "  That  command  which  en- 
 "  joins  only  an  Act  in  itfelf  lawful  is  not  finful."  Which 
 Mr.  Baxter  denied.  They  then  added,  "  That  command 
 **  which  enjoins  only  an  Act  in  it  felf  lawful,  and  no  other 
 "  Act  or  Circuraftance  unlawful,  is  not  finful.'*  This  alfo 
 Mr  Baxter  denied.  They  then  advanced  further,  "  That 
 "  command  which  enjoins  only  an  Act  in  itfelf  lawful  and 
 *'  no  other  Act  whereby  an  unjuft  penalty  is  enjoined,  or  any 
 "  circumftance,  whence  directly  or  per  Accidens  any  fin  is 
 *'  confequent  which  the  commander  ought  to  provide  a- 
 "  gainft,  hath  in  it  all  things  requifite  to  the  lawfulnefs  of  a 
 "  command,  and  particularly  cannot  be  charged  with  enjoin- 
 "  ing  an  Act  per  Accidens  unlawful,  nor  of  commanding 
 *'  an  Act  under  an  unjuft  penalty."  This  alio  was  denied, 
 becaufe  tho'  it  does  not  command  that  which  is  finful,  it  may 
 reftrain  from  that  which  is  lawful,  and  it  may  be  applied  to 
 undue  fubjedts  Other  reafons  were  given  ;  but  thus  the  dif-  K.  Chr. 
 pute  broke  off  with  noife  and  confufion,  and  high  reflecti-p*  5°** 
 "  ons  upon  Mr.  Baxter's  dark  and  cloudy  imagination,  and 
 his  perplexed,  fcholaftick,  metaphyfical  manner  of  diftinguifh- 
 ing,  which  tended  rather  to  confound  than  to  clear  up  that 
 which  was  doubtful ;  and  Bifhop  Saunderfon  being  then  in 
 the  chair  pronounced  that  Dr.  Gunning  had  the  better  of  the 
 argument. 
 
 S  2  Bifhop 
 
276  The    H  I  S  T  O  R  Y  Vol.  IV. 
 
 KinS  Bifhop  Morley  faid,  that  Mr.  Baxter's   denying  that  plain 
 
 1660 1   '   P1"0?01'11'1011  was  deftrucYrve  of  all   authority,  human  and  di- 
 
 t_      _  _j  vine ;  that  it  ftruck  the  Church  out  of  all  its  claims  for  mak- 
 
 Remaiks.      ing  Canons,  and  for  fettling  order  and  difcipline  ;  nay,  that  it 
 
 took  away  all  legidative  power  from  the  King  and  Parliament, 
 
 and  even  from  God  himfelf ;  for  no  Act  can  be  fo  good  in  it- 
 
 felf  but  may  lead  to  a  fin  by  accident ;  and  if  to  command 
 
 fuch  an  act  be  a  fin,  then  every  command  mud  be  a  fin. 
 
 Bifhop  Burnet  adds,  "  that  Baxter  and  Gunning  fpent  fe* 
 •*  veral  days  in  logical  arguing,  to  the  diverfion  of  the  town, 
 "  who  look'd  upon  them  as  a  couple  of  fencers  engaged  in  a 
 *'  difpute  that  could  not  be  brought  to  any  end.  The 
 "  Bifhops  infifted  "  upon  the  laws  being  (till  in  force  ;  to 
 "  which  they  would  admit  of  no  exception,  unlefs  it  was 
 "  proved  that  the  matter  of  them  was  finful."  They  charged 
 "  the  Prelhyterians  with  making  a  fchifm  for  that  which 
 "  they  could  not  prove  to  be  finful.  They  faid  there  was  no 
 "  reafon  to  gratify  fuch  men,  that  one  demand  granted  would 
 "  draw  on  many  more  ;  that  all  authority  in  Church  and  State 
 i(  was  ftruck  at  by  the  pofition  they  had  infifted  on, namely,  That 
 M  it  was  not  lawful  to  impofe  things  indifferent,  fince  thefe 
 "  feemed  to  be  the  only  matters  in  which  authority  could  in- 
 **  terfere."     Thus  ended  the  difputation. 
 
 From  arguments  the  Minifters  defcended  to  entreaties,  and 
 prayed  the  Bifhops  to  have  companion  on  fcrupulous  minds, 
 ThePresby-  and  not  to  defpife  their  weaker  brethren.  If  the  Nonconfor- 
 ta'ans  miffs  fhould  be  turned  out  of  the  Church,  they  put  them  in 
 Entreaties,  mind,  that  there  would  not  be  Clergymen  enough  to  fill  the 
 vacant  pulpits ;  they  urged  their  peaceable  behaviour  in  the 
 late  times  ;  what  they  had  fuffered  for  the  Royal  Caufe,  and 
 the  great  fhare  they  had  in  rertoring  the  King  ;  they  pleaded 
 his  Majefty's  late  declaration,  and  the  defign  of  the  prefent 
 conference.  To  all  which  the  Bifhops  replied,  That  they 
 were  only  commiffioned  "  to  make  fuch  alterations  in  the 
 "  liturgy  as  fhould  be  neceffary,  and  fuch  as  fhould  be  agreed 
 "  upon."  The  Minifters  replied,  That  the  word  neceflary 
 muff  refer  to  the  fatisfy ing  tender  confidences  ;  but  the  Bi- 
 fhops infifled,  thatthey  faw  no  alterations  necefTary,  and  there- 
 fore were  not  obliged  to  make  any  till  they  could  prove  them 
 fo.  The  Minifters  prayed  them  to  confider  the  ill  confe- 
 quence  that  might  follow  upon  a  reparation.  But  all  was  to 
 no  purpofe,  their  Lordfhips  were  in  the  faddle,  and  if  we  may 
 believe  Mr.  Baxter,  would  not  abate  the  fmalleft  ceremony,  nor 
 
 correct 
 
Chap.  VI.         of  the  Puritans.  27-] 
 
 correct  the  grofTefr  error  for  the  peace  of  the  Church.  Thus 
 the  King's  Commiffion  expired  July  25.  and  the  conferences 
 ended  without  any  profpect  of  accommodation. 
 
 It  was  agreed  at  the  conclusion,  that  each  party   might  rc- 
 prefent  to   his  Majefty,  that  they  were  all  agreed  upon   the 
 ends  of  the  conference,  which  was  the  Church's  welfare,  uni- 
 ty and  peace,  but  frill  difagreed  as  to  the  means   of  procu- 
 ring it.     The  Bifhops  thought  they  had  no  occafion  to  reprc- 
 fent  their  cafe  in  wiiting,   but  the   Prefbyterian  Commiilion-  Ratter's 
 ersmetby  themfelves,  and  drew  up  an  account  of  their  pro-  p^'u 
 eeedings,  with    a  Petition   for  that  relief,  which  they  could  p.  366. 
 not  obtain  from  the  Biihops.     They  prefented  it  to  the  King 
 by   Bifhop  Reynolds,  Doctor  Bates,  Doctor   Manton,  and 
 Mr.  Baxter  ;  but  received  no  anfwer. 
 
 Before  we  leave  this  famous  conference  at  the  Savoy  it  will  Behaviour 
 not  be  amifs  to  remark  the  behaviour  of  the  Commifli oners  m^^^a'' 
 on  both  fides,   fome  of  whom  feldom  or  never  appeared,  as  Baxter's 
 Dr.   King   Bifhop  of  Chichefter,   Dr.    Heylin,  Barwick  and  £ifc» 
 Earl ;    Sheldon   Bifhop  of  London   came  but  feldom,  tho'  ndl0'7.  ' 
 he,    with  Henchman  and  Morley,  had   the  chief    manage-  K.  chron. 
 ment  of  affairs ;  others  were  prefent,  but  did  not  much  con-  P-  5°7- 
 cern  themfelves  in  the  debate,  as  Dr.  Frewen  Arbifhop  of 
 York  ;    Lucy     of  St.    David's  ;     Warner    of  Rochefler ; 
 Saunderfon  of  Lincoln  ;   Laney  of  Peterborough  ;   Walton  of 
 Chefrer ;   Sterne  of  Carlifle  ;   Dr.  Hocket  and  Dr.  Sparrow — 
 On  the  fide   of  the  Prefbyterians   Dr.    Horton   never   ap- 
 peared,  nor  Dr.    Drake,    becaufe   of  a   Mifnomer    in    the 
 Commiflion  ;  Dr.    Lightfoot,  Tuckney,  and    Mr.  Wood- 
 bridge,  were  prefent  but  once  or  twice. 
 
 Among  the  Biihops  ;  Dr.  Morley    was  the  chief  fpeaker ;  Doftor 
 his  manner  was  vehement,  and  he  was  aiKi'infr  all  abatements.  M,jrler; 
 
 Baxter  s 
 
 He    frequently  interrupted     Mr.    Baxter ;    and     when    Dr.  i,;fe 
 Bates  faid,  Pray,  my  Lord,  give  him  leave  to  fpeak,  he  could  Fart  II. 
 not  obtain  it.  r-363. &c- 
 
 Bifhop  Cofins  was  there  conftantly,  and  tho'  he  was  incli-  B?-  Ccfi.-™. 
 ned  to  moderate  meafures,  faid  fome  very  fev-ere  things. 
 When  the  Minilters  prayed  the  Biihops  to  have  fomecompaf- 
 fion  on  their  brethren,  and  not  cart  fuch  great  numbers  unne- 
 cefTarily  out  of  the  minifrry,  he  replied,  "  What,  do  you 
 '*  threaten  us  with  numbers  ?  For  my  part,  I  think  the  King 
 "  would  do  well  to  make  you  name  them  all."  Again, 
 when  the  Minifters  complained,  that  after  fo  many  years  cala- 
 mity the  Bifhops  would  not  yield  to  that  which  their  prede- 
 ceffors  offered  before  the  war,  Bifhop  Cofins  replied,  "  Do 
 "  you  threaten  us  then  with  a  new  war?  'Tis  time  for  the 
 "  King  to  look  to  you."  S  ?  Bifhop 
 
±qS  The    H  I  S  T  O  R  Y         Vol.  IV. 
 
 K,nS         Bifhop  Gauden  often  took  part  with  th  e  Prefbyterian  Di- 
 
 i66r.  '   v'irjes,  and  was  the  only  moderator  among  the   Bifhops,  ex- 
 
 t—-v*-^— »  cept  Bifliop  Reynolds,  who  fpoke  much  the  nrft  day  for  abate- 
 
 Bp.  Gauden.  ments  and  moderation  ;    but    afterwards  fitting  among  the 
 
 Bifhops  he  only  fpoke  now  and  then  a  qualifying  word,  but 
 
 was  heartily  grieved  for  the  fruitfefs  ifTue  of  the  conference. 
 
 OftlieDif-        Of   the   difputants,    'tis    faid,    Dr.    Pearfon,    afterwards 
 
 mutants.         Bifiiop  of  Chefler,  difputed  accurately,  foberly,  and  calmly, 
 
 The  Prefbyterian  MinilieTs  had  a  great  regard   for  him,  and 
 
 believed,  that  if  he  had  been  an    Umpire  in  the  controverfy 
 
 his  conccfilons  would  have  gone  a  great  way. 
 
 Dr.  Gunning  was  the  moft  forward  fpeaker,  and  {tuck  at 
 nothing..  Bifhop  Burnet  fays,  That  all  the  arts  of  Sophiftry 
 were  ufed  by  him  in  as  confident  a  manner  as  if  they  had 
 been  found  reaibning  ;  that  he  was  unweariedly  active  to  very 
 little  purpofe,  and  being  very  fond  of  the  Popifh  Rituals  and 
 Ceremonies,  he  was  much  let  upon  reconciling  the  Church  of 
 England  to  Rome. 
 
 On  the  fide  of  the  Prelbyterians,  Dr.  Bates  and  Manton 
 behaved  with  great  modefty  ;  the  moll  active  difputant  was 
 Mr.  Baxter,  who  had  a    very  metaphyseal  head  and   fertile 
 .  invention,  and  was  one  of  the  mod  ready  men  of  his  time  for 
 an  argument,  but  too  tenacious  of  his  own  opinions.     Next 
 to  him  was  Mr.  Calamy,.who  had  a  great  intereft  among  the 
 Prefbyterian   Minifrers  in  the  city,  and  country,  and  for   his 
 age  and  gravity  was  refpec~red  as  their  father. 
 Of  the  Audi-      Among  the  auditors  Mr.  Baxter  obferves  there  was  with 
 L,t--  ..  .,7  the  Billiopn  a  croud  of  young  Divines  who  behaved  indecently  ; 
 but  mentions  only  two  or  three  fcholars  and  laymen,  who,  as 
 auditors,  came  in  with  the  Prelbyterians,  as  Mr.  Miles,  Mr. 
 "i  illation,  he. 
 Account  of       This  Mr.  Tillotfon  was  afterwards  the  moft  Reverend  and 
 Ahp.  Til-     X^oamed  Archbilhop  ol  Canterbury,  one  of  the  moft  celebrated 
 Lift  oV         Divines  and  Preachers  of  the   age.     We  fhall  have  frequent 
 Tillotftm,      ccea'ion  to  mention  him  hereafter,  and  therefore  I  fhall  give 
 a  fhort  aceoant  of  him  in  this  place  :   He  was  born  in  York- 
 shire :  630.  and  received  his  firfr.  education  among  the  Puri- 
 tans ;   and  tho'  he  had  larger  notions,  he  frill  ftuck  to  the  ftricTt- 
 nefs  of  life  to  which  he  was  bred,  and  retained  a  juft  value,  and 
 a  due  tendernefs  for  men  of  that  perfuafion.     He  was  admit- 
 ted uudent  of  Clare  Hall  in  Cambridge,  under  the  tuition  of 
 Mr.  David  Clarkfon  in  the  year  1647.     He  was  Bachelor  of 
 Arts  i6^o-  &nd  within  the  cbmpafs  of  a  year  was  elected  Fel- 
 low.    He  had  then  a  fweetnels  of  temper  which  he  retained  as 
 long  as  he  lived  ;   and  in  thofe  younger  years  was  relpected  as 
 
 a  perfou 
 
Chap.  VI.  of  the  P  u  r  I  t  a  n  s.  279 
 
 a  perforr  of  very  great  parts  and  prudence.  In  the  year  i  661.  ChK'ne:  .. 
 he  continued  a  Non-conformift,  and  hasafermonin  the  morn-  l66u 
 ing  exeicifes  on  Matt,  vii,  12.  He  appeared  with  the  Prefby-  <— -v~»-J 
 terians  at  the  Savoy  difputation  ;  and  tho'  he  conformed  to  Ath.  Ox. 
 the  Act  of  Uniformijy  in  1662.  he  was  always  inclined  to  the  p*  9  " 
 Puritans,  never  fond  of  the  ceremonies  of  the  Church,  but 
 would  difpenfe  fometimes  with  fuch  as  could  not  confcienti- 
 oufly  fubmit  to  them.  He  owned  the  DuTenters  had  fome 
 plaufibJe  objections  againft  the  Common-Prayer  ;  and  in  the 
 opinion  of  fome,  perfuaded  men  rather  to  bear  with  the 
 Church,  than  be  zealous  for  it.  In  the  year  1663.  he  was 
 preferr'd  to  the  rectory  of  Keddington  in  Suffolk,  vacant  by- 
 the  non-fubfcription  of  Mr.  Samuel  Fairclough.  Next  year 
 he  was  chofen  preacher  to  Lincoln's-Inn,  and  lecturer  of  St. 
 Lawrence's  Church  in  London,  where  his  excellent  Sermons, 
 delivered  in  a  moft  gracefull  manner,  drew  the  attention  of 
 great  numbers  of  the  quality,  and  of  moft  of  the  Divines  and" 
 Gentlemen  in  town.  In  1699.  he  was  made  Canon  of  Chrifl: 
 Church  in  Canterbury  ;  and  in  1672.  Dean  of  that  Church,; 
 and  Residentiary  ;  butrofeno  higher  till  the  revolutionof  King 
 William  and  Queen  Mary,  when  he  was  firft  made  Clerk  of 
 the  clofet,  and  at  length  Archbifhop  of  Canterbury  in  the 
 room  of  Dr.  Sancroft  a  Non-juror.  Hewas  a  Divine  of  low 
 and  moderate  principles  to  the  laft,  and  always  for  promoting 
 a  toleration  or  comprehenfion  of  the  DifTenters  within  the 
 Church.  Upon  the  whole,  he  was  a  fecond  Cranmer,  and 
 one  of  the  mod  valuable  prelates  that  this,  or,  it  may  be,  any 
 other  Church  has  produced. 
 
 Various  cenfu res  were  pafTcd  upon  the  Savoy  conference  Cenfures  of 
 without    doors ;  the  Independants   were  difgufred,   becaufe  the  Confe- 
 none  of  them  were  confulted,  tho'  it  does  not  appear  what ren 
 concern  they  could  have   in  it,    their  views  being  only  to  a 
 toleration,  not  a  comprehenfion.     Some  blamed  their  brethren 
 for  yielding  too  much,  and  others  thought  they  might  have 
 yielded  mere  ;  but  when  they  faw  the   fruitlefs  end  of  the 
 treaty,  and  the  papers  that  were  publifhed,  moft  of  them  were 
 
 latisfied. Bifhop  Burnet  fays,  the  conference  did  rather 
 
 hurt  than  good,  it  heighten'd  the  fharpnefs  that  was  then  on 
 people's  minds  to  fuch  a  degree,  that  it  needed  no  addition  to 
 
 raiie  it  higher Mr.Robinfon  fays,  "  It  was  notorious  that  P-  lZl- 
 
 "  the  bufinefs  of  the  epifcopal  party  was  not  to  confult  the  Bennet  of 
 "  intereft  of  Religion,  but  to  cover  a  political  defign,  which  Liturgies. 
 "  was  too  bad  to  appear  at  firft  •,  nor  did  they  mean  to  heal  p'  382> 
 "  the  Church's  wounds,  fo  much  as  to  revenge  their  own. 
 When  they  knew  what  the  Prefbyterians    icrupled,  they 
 
 S  a  faid, 
 
280  The   HISTORY  Vol.  IV. 
 
 K,"S      faid,  "  now  they  knew  their  minds  they  would  have  matters 
 166?.      "  *°  ^xe^  tr,at  not   one  of  tnat  fort  fhould  be  able  to  keep 
 his  living.     They  did  not  defile,  but  rather  fear  their  com- 
 
 C.tio.:. 
 
 P-3 
 
 u 
 
 pliance,''     Nay,   fo  unacceptable  was  the  publishing  the 
 papers  relating  to  the  conference,  that  Bimop  Saunderfon  and 
 fome  others  cautioned   their  Clergy  againft   reading   them. 
 From  this  time   the  Prefbyterians  were  out  of  the  queftion, 
 and  the  fottlement  of  the  Church  referred  entirely  to  the  con- 
 vocation and  Parliament. 
 A  Convo-         It  had  been  debated  in  Council,  whether  there  mould  be  a 
 Convocation  while  the  conference  at  the  Savoy  continued  ;  but 
 <jt  the  intcrceffion  of  Dr    Heylin  and  others,   the  Court  was 
 prevailed  with   to  Come  into  it ;  and  fuch  care  was  taken  in 
 the  choice  of  Members  (as  Bifhop  Burnet  obferves)  that  e- 
 very  thing   went   among  them   as   was  directed  by  Bimop 
 Sheldon  and  Morley.     If   a  Convocation    had  been  called 
 with  the  Convention  Parliament  the  majority  would  have  been 
 againft  the  Hierarchy  ;  but  'tis  not  to  be  wonder'd  they  were 
 otherwife  now,  when  fome   hundreds  of  the   Prefbyterian 
 Clergy,  who  were  in  poffeffion  of  fequefter'd  livings,  were 
 turned  out  j  and  the  neceffity  of  ordination  by  a  Bifhop  be- 
 ing urged  upon  thofe  who  had  been  ordained  by  Prefbyters 
 only,  great  numbers  were  denied   their  votes  in  elections. 
 Neverthelefs  the  Prefbyterian  intereft  carried  it  in  London  for 
 Mr.  Baxter  and  Calamy  by  three  voices ;  but  the  Bimop  of 
 London,  having  a  power  of  choofing  two  out  of  four,  or  four 
 out  of  fix  within  a   certain  circuit,  left  them  both  out  ;  fo 
 that  the  city  of  London  had  no  clerks  in  the  convocation.    The 
 author  of  the  Conformifts  Plea  fays,  "  That  to  frame  a  con- 
 "  vocation  to  their  mind  great  care  and  pains  were  ufed  to  keep 
 "  out,  and  to  get  men  in,  by  very  undue  proceedings ;  and 
 "  that  protections  were  made  againft  all  Incumbents  not  or- 
 '1  da-ned  by  Bimops." 
 The*  are  or-      The  Savoy  conference  having  broke  up  without  fuccefs,  the 
 itered  to-       King  fent  a  letter  to  the  Convocation,  Nov.  20.  commanding 
 them  to  review  the  Book  of  Common -Prayer,  and  make  fuch 
 additions  and  amendments  as  they  thought  neceffary.     Let- 
 ters to  the  fame  purpofe  were  fent  to  the  Archbilhop  of  York, 
 to  be  communicated  to  the  Clergy  of  his  province,  who  for 
 the  greater  expeditian  fent  proxies  with  procuratorial  letters  to 
 thofe  of  Canterbuiy,  and  obliged  themfelves  to  abide  by  their 
 votes  under  forfeiture  of  their  goods  and  chattels. 
 Kenna,  «,  jt  js  inconceivable,  fays  Dr.  Nichols,  what  difficulties 
 
 u  the  Biifiops  had  to   contend   with,    about  making   tbefe 
 5^  alterations ;    they  were  not  only  to  conquer   their  own 
 
 ■"  foimer 
 
 review  the 
 Lknrg 
 
 P-574- 
 
V 
 
 Chap.  VI.       of  the  Puritans.  281 
 
 "  former  Refentments,  and  the  unreasonable  demai  Js  of  the       Kin8: 
 lf  PrelbyteriansT  but  they  had  the  Court  to  deal  with,  who      a[^ 
 tc  pufhed  them  on   to  all   afts  of  feveriry."    ^VPhereas  on 
 the   contrary,  the  tide  was  ftrong  on  their  fide,  the  Biihops 
 pufhed    on    the    Court,  who  were  willing  to  -,> .       m  tne 
 '  reins,   that  when  the  breach  was  made  as  wide  as  poffible  a 
 door  might  be  opened  for  the  toleration  of  Papifls.      The 
 review  of  the  Common-Prayer  Book  took  up  the  Convoca- 
 tion about  a  Month  ;    for   on   the  20th  of  December  it  was 
 figned,  and  approved  by  all  the  Members  of  each  Houfe. 
 The  Alterations  were  thefe, 
 
 1.  The  Rubrick  for  finging  of  Leffons,  &c.  was  omrt-  Alterations 
 ted,  the  diftinci:   reading  of  them  being  thought  more  pro-  in. the 
 
 Per-  K.  ChrM, 
 
 2.  Several   Collects  for    Sundavs  and    Holy    Days  com-  p.  5S5. 
 
 plained   of,   were  omitted,    and  others  fuSftituied     in   their 
 room. 
 
 3.  Communicants  at  the  Lord's  Supper  were  enjoined  to 
 fignify  their  names  to  the  Curate  fome  time  the  Day  before. 
 
 4.  The  Preface  to  the  ten  Commandments  was  reftored. 
 
 5.  The  Exhortations  to  the  holy  Communion  were  a- 
 mended. 
 
 6.  The  general  Confeffion  in  the  Communion  Office  was 
 appointed  to  be  read  by  one  of  the  Minifters. 
 
 7.  The  Office  for  Chriftmas  Day,  the  words  "  this  Day" 
 were  changed  for  "  as  at  this  Time." 
 
 8.  In  the  Prayer  of  Confecration  the  Prieft  is  directed  to 
 break  the  Bread. 
 
 9.  The  Rubrick  for  explaining  the  reafon  of  kneellingat 
 the  Sacrament  was  reftored. 
 
 10.  Private  Baptifm  is  not  to  be  administered  but  by  a 
 lawful  Minifter. 
 
 1 1.  The  Anfwer  to  the  Queftion  in  the  Catechifm,  Why 
 then  are  Children  baptized  r  is  thus  amended,"  Becaufe 
 w  they  promife  them  both  by  their  Sureties  ;  which  Promife, 
 "  when  they  come  to  Age,  themfelves  are  bound  to  per- 
 "  form." 
 
 12.  In  the  laft  Rubrick  before  the  Catechifm  thefe  words 
 are  expunged,  "  And  that  no  Man  mall  think  that  any  de- 
 "  triment  (hall  come  to  Children  by  deferring  of  their  Con- 
 "  firmation,  &c" 
 
 13.  It  is  appointed  that  the  Curate  of  every  Pari (h  (hall 
 either  bring  or  fend  in  writing,  with  his  Hand  fubfcribed  there- 
 unto, the  names  of  all  fuch  Perfons  within  his  Parim,  as 
 he  Shall  think  fit  to  be  prefented  to  the  Bifhop  to  be  con- 
 firmed. 14..  The 
 
282  The  HISTORY         Vol.  IV. 
 
 14.  The  Rubrick  after  Confirmation  was  thus  formed  ; 
 <c  None  mail  be  admitted  to  the  Communion  'till  fuch  time 
 "  as  he  be  confirmed  ;  or  be  ready  and  defirous  to  be 
 "  confirmed." 
 
 15.  In  the  form  of  Matrimony,  inftead  of,  "  'till  Death 
 "  us  depart,"  it  is,  "  'till  Death  us  do  part." 
 
 16.  In  the  Rubricks  after  the  form  of  Matrimony,  it  is 
 thus  altered.  "  After  which,  if  there  be  no  Sermon  declar- 
 "  ing  the  duties  of  Man  and  Wife,  the  Minifter  (hall  read 
 
 i(  as  followetV And  inftead  of  the  fecond  Rubrick, 
 
 it  is  advifed  tc  be  convenient,  that  the  new  married  Perfons 
 fhould  receive  the  Communion  at  the  time  of  Marriage,  or 
 at  the  firft  opportunity  afterwards. 
 
 1 7.  In  the  order  for  the  vifitation  of  the  Sick  it  is  thus 
 amended  ;  "  Here  the  fick  Perfon  mail  be  moved  to  make 
 "'  inecial  Con'feffion  of  his  Sins,  if  he  feel  his  Confcience 
 "  troubled  with  any  weighty  Matter  ;  after  which  the  Pried 
 "  fhall  abfolve  him,  if  he  humbly  and  heartily  defire  it,  after 
 "  this  fort 
 
 18.  In  the  Communion  for  the  Sick,  the  Minifter  is  not 
 enjoined  to  adminift'er  the  Sacrament  to  every  fick  Perfon 
 that  (hall  defire  it.  but  only  as  he  fhall  judge  expedient. 
 
 19.  In  the  order  for  the  burial  of  the  Dead  it  is  thas  alter- 
 ed ;  The  Prieirs  and  Clerks  meeting  the  Corps  at  the  en- 
 trance of  the   Church-Yard,   and  going   before  it  either  into 
 
 the  Church,  or  towards  the  Grave,  fhall  fay  or  fing,   — 
 
 in  the  Office  itfelf,  thefe  words,  "  In  fure  and  certain 
 "  hope  of  R-efurreclion  to  eternal  Life,"  are  thus  altered, 
 lC  In  fure  and  certain  hope  of  the  RefurrecYion  to  eternal 
 "  Life  ;"  "  and  to  lelfen  the  objection  of  God's  taking 
 '-'  to  himfeif"  the  Soul  of  this  our  dear  Brother  departed,  &e." 
 the  following  Rubrick  is  added  :  "  Here  is  to  benoted,  that  the 
 -'  Office  enfuing  is  not  to  be  ufed  for  any  that  die  unbap- 
 "  tized,  or  excommunicate,  or  who  have  laid  violent  hands 
 <k  fipcTri  themfelves." 
 
 ib.  Jn  the  Churching  of  Women  the  new  Rubrick  directs, 
 That  the  Woman,  at  the  ufual  time  after  her  delivery,  fhjill 
 e'erhe  into  the  Church  decently  apparelled,  and  there  fhall 
 'rncel  down  in  fome  convenient  Place,  as  has  been  accufrom- 
 ed,  or  as  the  Ordinary  (hall  direct,  and  the  cxvith  or  exxviith 
 Pfalm  fliall  be  read. 
 
 Dr.  Tenifon,   afterwards  Archbifhop  of  Canrerbury,  fays, 
 
 Compl.        "  They  made  about   fix  hundred  final!  alterations  or  additi- 
 
 Hift.p- 252.  ■'-  orjs  .  but  then  adds,  If  there  was reafo'11  for  thefe  changes, 
 
 "  a'g'      si  there  was  equal,  if  not   greater  reafort  for  fome  further 
 
 "  Improvements . 
 
Chap.  VI.        of  the  F  u  r  i  t  a  n  s.  283 
 
 "  Improvements.  If  they  had  forefeen  what  is  fincc  come  K>ng 
 "  to  pafs,  I  charitably  believe  they  would  not  have  done  all  1££1 
 "  they  did,  and  juft  fo  much  and  no  more  •  and  yet  I  alio 
 "  believe,  if  they  had  offered  to  move  much  further,  a  Stone 
 "  would  have  been  laid  under  their  Wheal,  by  a  fecret  but 
 "  powerful  Hand  ;  for  the  myftery  of  Popery  did  even  then 
 "  work."  Biihop  Burnet  confefTes,  That  no  alterations 
 were  made  in  favour  of  the  Prefhyterians,  for  it  was  refbrved 
 to  gratify  them  in  nothing. 
 
 But  befides  the   alterations  and  amendments  already  men-  Other 
 tioned,   there  were  feveral  addi l ;onal  forms  cf  Prayer,  as  fc>r  ^net""" 
 the    30th    of  January   and   the  29th  of  May.       Forms  of 
 Praver  to  be  ufed  at  Sea  \  and  a  new  Office  for  the  admini- 
 ftration    of  Baptifm  to  grown   Pcrfons.      Some  corrections 
 were   made  in  the  Kalcndar.     Some  new  Holy  Days  were 
 added,  as  the  Converfion   cf  St.   Paul,  and   St.    Barnabas. 
 More  new  LeiTons  were  taken  out  of  the  Apocrypha,  as  the 
 itory  of  Bel  and  the  Dragon,  &c.     But  it  was  agreed,  that 
 no  Apocryphal   Leffons  mould  be  read  on  Sundays.     Thefe 
 were  all  the  conceffions  the  Convocation  would   admit  ;  and 
 this  was  all  the  fruit  of  their  conference  at  the  Savoy,  by  which, 
 according  to  Mr.  Baxter  and  Bifhop  Burnet,  the  Common- 
 Prayer-Book   was   rendered   more  exceptionable,    and    the 
 terms  of  conformity  much  harder  than  before  the  civil  War. 
 
 The   Common-Prayer    Book  thus  altered  and    amended  Lit  a. 
 
 was  fent  up  to  the  King  and  Council,  and  from  thence  tranf-  mended  fent 
 mitted  to  the  Houfe  of  Peers,  Feb.  24,  with  this  Mefiage,  UP    t0    the 
 That   his  Majefty  had  duly  confidered  of  the  alterations,  and  CounciTand 
 does  with  the  advice  of  his  Council  fully  approve  and  allow  h.  et  Peers, 
 the  fame  ;  and  doth  recommend  it  to  the  Houfe  of  Peers, 
 "  that  the  faid  Books  of  Common- Prayer,  and  of  the  forms  of 
 ''  Ordination,   and    Confecration  of  Bifhops,    Priefts    and 
 *'  Deacons,  with  thofe  additions  and  alterations  that  have  been 
 "  made,   and  prefented  to  his  Majefty,  by  the  Convocation, 
 "  be  the  book  which  in  and  by  the  intended  act  of  uniformi-  Kennet,  p, 
 "  ty   fhall  be  appointed  to  be  ufed  by  all  that  officiate  in  all651* 
 u  Cathedral  and  Collegiate  Churches  and  Chapels,  &c.  and  in 
 "  all  Parifh   Churches  of  England  and  Wales,  under  fuch 
 "  fanftions  or  penalties  as   the  Parliament  fhall  think   fit. 
 When  the  Lords  had  gone  thro'   the  Book,   the  Lord  Chan- 
 cellor Hyde,  by  order  of  the  Houfe,  gave  the  Bifhops  thanks, 
 March  15,  for  their  care  in  this  Bufmefs  ;    and  defired  their 
 Lordfhips   to   give  the  like    thanks   to    the  lower  Houfe  of 
 Convocation,    and    acquaint   them,    that  then4  amendments 
 Were  well  received  and  approved,  tho'  fome   of  them  met 
 '  with 
 
Sew'1  ibsi?'- 
 BopKi  s>- 
 HI-  i^ 
 
 The  HISTORY         Vol.  IV. 
 
 with  a  confiderable  oppofition.  From  the  Lords  they  were 
 lent  down  to  the  Commons,  and  inferted  in  the  ad  of  uni- 
 formity, as  will  be  feen  the  next  Year. 
 
 But  before  this  famous  A£t  had  pafled  either  HoufeT  the 
 Prefbyterians  were  reduced  to  the  utmoft  Diftrefs,  for  in 
 the  Month  of  March,  1661-62,  the  grand  Jury  at  Exeter 
 found  above  forty  Bills  of  Indictment  againft  fome  eminent 
 Non-Conformift  Minifters  for  not  reading  the  Common- 
 1  rayer  according  to  Law.  They  likewife  prefented  the  travel- 
 ling about  of  divers  itinerant  Preachers,  ejedted  out  of  fe- 
 queftered  Livings,  as  dangerous  to  the  Peace  of  the  Nation. 
 They  complained  of  their  teaching  Sedition  and  Rebellion 
 in  private  Houfes,  and  other  Congregations  tending  to  fo- 
 ment a  new  VVar.  They  alio  prefented  fuch  as  neglected 
 their  own  Parifh  Churches,  and  run  abroad  to  hear  factious 
 Minifters ;  and  fuch  as  walked  in  the  Churcb-Yards,  or 
 other  Places,  while  divine  Service  was  reading  ;  all  which 
 were  the  certain  Forerunners  of  a  general  Perfecution. 
 
 In  Scotland  the  Court  carried  things  with  a  high  hand, 
 for  having  got  a  Parliament  to  their  mind,  the  Earl  of 
 M.ddieton,  a  moft  vicious  Debauchee,  opened  it,  with 
 prefenting  a  Letter  of  his  Majefty  to  the  Houfe  ;  after  which 
 they  pafled  an  Act,  "  declaring  all  Leagues  not  made  with 
 the  King's  Authority  illegal  :"  This  (truck  at  the  root  of 
 the  Coverfant  made  with  England  in  1643.  They  paffed 
 another  Act  rescinding  all  Acts  made  fince  the  late 
 Troubles,  and  another,  impovieiing  the  King  to  fettle  the 
 Government  of  the  Church  as  he  fhould  plcafe.  It  was  a 
 mad,  roaring  time  (fays  the  Biihop)  and  no  wonder  it  was 
 fo,  when  the  Men  of  Affairs  were  al.noft  perpetually  drunk. 
 The  Kiiig  up  >n  t'Js  directed  that  the  Church  fhould  be  go- 
 verned by  Synods,  Prefb.tr)  s  and  Kirk  Sefiions,  -'tiii  he 
 fhould  appoint  another  Government,  which  he  did  by  a 
 Letter  to  his  Council  of  Scotland,  bearing  date  Aug.  14, 
 1 661,  in  which  he  recites  the  inconveniencies  which  had 
 attended  the  Prefbyterian  Government  for  trie  laft  twenty- 
 three  Years,  and  its  inconfiftency  with   Monarchy.  i-j 
 
 *•'  Therefore  (fays  he)  from  our  refpe£t  to  the  glory  of  God, 
 "  the  good  and  intereft  ef  the  Proteftant  Religion,  and  the 
 41  better  harmony  with  the  Government  of  the  Church  of 
 "  Eugland,  We  declare  our  firm  Refolution  to  interpofe 
 iC  our  Royal  Authority  for  refioring  the  Church  of  Scotland 
 "   to  its  right  Government  by  Bifhops,   as  it    was  before  the 
 
 **  late.   Troubles And   our  will  and  pleafuie  is,  that 
 
 "  you 
 
Chap.  VI.         of  the  Puritans. 
 
 "  you  take  effectual  care  to  reftore  the  Rents  belonging  to 
 M  the  fevera!  Bifhopricks  ;  that  you  prohibit  the  affembling 
 "  of  Minifters  in  their  fynodical  Meetings,  'till  our  further 
 **  Pleafure  ;  and  that  you  keep  a  watchful  Eye  over  thofe, 
 **  who  by  difcourfe  or  Preaching  endeavour  to  alienate 
 **  the  affections  of  our  People  from  us  or  our  Govern- 
 u  ment  — "  Pui  fuant  to  thefe  directions,  the  Lords  of  the 
 Council  ordered  the  Heralds  to  make  publick  Proclamation 
 at  the  Market  Oofs  in  Edinburgh,  Sept.  6,  of  this  his  Ma- 
 jefty's  royal  Will  and  Pleafure.  In  the  Month  of  De  ember 
 a  Commiffion  was  iflued  out  to  the  Bifhops  of  London  and  H>.  p.  »3j. 
 Worcefter  to  ordain  and  confecrate  according  to  the  Rites  l**~ 
 and  Ceremonies  of  the  Church  of  England,  Mr.  James 
 Sharp,  Archbifbop  of  St.  Andrews,  Mr.  Andrew  Fahfoul, 
 Archbifhop  of  Glafgow,  Mr.  Robert  Leighton,  Bilhop  of 
 Dunblain,  and  Mr.  James  Hamilton,  Bifhop  of  Galloway. 
 A  very  bad  choice,  fays  Bifhop  Burnet  ;  Sharp  was  one  of 
 the  falfeft  and  vileft  DifTemblers  in  the  World.  Fairfoul 
 was  next  a-kin  to  a  Natural.  Leighton  was  an  excellent 
 Prelate  ;  but  Hamilton's  Life  was  fcarce  free  from  Scandal :  Burnet,  p. 
 He  had  fworn  to  the  Covenant,  and  when  one  had  objected  '39»  *¥>- 
 to  him,  that  it  went  againft  his  Confcience,  "  he  faid,  Such 
 i(  Medicines  as  could  not  be  chewed  muft  be  fwallowed 
 «  whole."  The  Englifh  Bifhops  infifted  upon  their  re- 
 nouncing their  Prefbyterian  Orders,  which  they  confented 
 to,  and  were  in  one  and  the  fame  Day  ordained  firft  Dea- 
 cons, then  Priefts  and  laft  of  all  Bifhops,  according  to  the 
 Rites  of  the  Church  of  England. 
 
 Bifhop  Burnet  fays,  that  tho'  the    King  had    a    natural  Againft  d* 
 hatred    to   Prefbytery,     he     went  very    coldly     into    this  King's 
 Defign  ;  nay,  that  he   had   a  vifible  reludlancy  againft   if,  ^l^d"      Q 
 becawfe  of  the  temper  of  the  Scots  Nation,  and  his  unwilling-  I3i. 
 nefs  to  involve  his  Government  in  new  Troubles  ;  but  the  Kennet. 
 Earl  of  Clarendon  pufhed  it  forward  with  great  Zeal  ;    and  p"  55r* 
 the  Duke   of  Ormond  faid,  that  Epifcopacy   could  not  be 
 eftablifhed  in  Ireland   if  Prefbytery  continued  in    Scotland. 
 The  Earls  of  Lauderdale  and  Crawford  indeed  were  againft 
 it,  but  the  Council  of  Scotland  not  protefting,  it  was   de- 
 termined upon  ;  but  it  was  a    large  ftrain  of  the  Prerogative 
 for  a  King  by  a  Royal  Proclamation  to  alter  the  Government 
 of  a  Church  eftablifhed  by  Law,   without  Confent  of  Parlia- 
 ment, Convocation,  or  Synod  of  any  kind  whatfoever  ;  for 
 it  was  not  'till  May  the  next  Year  that  this  affair  was  decided 
 in  Parliament. 
 
 Some 
 
286  The  HISTORY  Vol.  IV. 
 
 King  Some  of  the  Scots  Minifters  preached  boldly  againft  this 
 
 char'es    "•  change  of    Government ;    and   among  others,    Mr.  James 
 '    j  Guchrie,    Minifter  of  Stirling,  for  which,  and  fome   other 
 Mr.  Guthne  things,  he  was  convicted   of  Sedition  and  Treafon.     Bifhop 
 executed.       Burnet,   who    faw   him  fuffer,  fays,  that  he  expieiled  a  con- 
 suls vVaa   temPt   °^  Death  J   l^at  'ie  fpoke   an  hour  upon  the  Ladder 
 with   the  compofednefi.  of  a  Man  that  was  delivering  a  Ser- 
 mon rather  than  his   laft    words  ;   that  hejuftified  all  he  had 
 done,  exhorting  all  People  to  adhere  to  the  Covenant,  which 
 he  magnified  highiy.     He  was  executed  June  14,   1661,  and 
 K.  Chron.    concluded  his  dying  Speech  with  thefe  word?,  "  I  take  God  to 
 p.  459.         a   record  upon  my  Sogl,  that  I  would  not  exchange  this  Scaf- 
 iz6,  127.      "  f°'d   w"n   tne   Palac-  or  Mitre  of  the  greateft  Prelate  in 
 M   Britain,      BlefTed   be  God,   who    hath    (hewed   Mercy  to 
 "  fuch  a  Wretch,  and  has  revealed  his  Son  to  me,  and  made 
 "  me  a  Minilter  of  the  everlafting  Gofpel  ;    and  that  he  has 
 "  defigned,  in  the  midft  of  much  contradiction   from  Satan 
 "  and   the  World,   to  feal   my  Miniftry  upon  the  Hearts  of 
 "  net  a  few  of  this  People,  and  efpecially  in  the  Congregation 
 "  and  Prefbytery  of  Stirling."     There  died  with  him  on  the 
 fame  Scaffold,  young  Captain  Govan,  whofe  laft  words  were 
 lb.  p.  152,  thefe,  "  I   bear  Witnefs   with  my  Blood  to  the  persecuted 
 3'53-  '<  Government  of  this  Church,  by  Synods  and  Ptefbvteries. 
 
 <f  I  bear  Witnefs  to  the  folemn  League  and  Covenant,  and 
 u  feal  it  with  my  Blood.     I  likewife  teftify  againft  all  Popery, 
 ft  Prelacy,    Idolatry,    Superftition,  and  the  Service   Book, 
 ■  l'  which  is  no  better  than  a  relick  of  the  Rornifh  Idolatry—" 
 foon  after  this  the  rights  of  Patronages  were  reftored,  and  all 
 the  Preflbyterian  Minifters  filenced,  tho'  the  Court  had  not  a 
 fupply  of  Men  of  any  fort  to  fill  up  their  Vacancies. 
 Character  of      The  account  that  Bifhop  Burnet  gives  of  the  old  Scots 
 Pr^tS-1"  Pwftyterian   Minifters,  who  were  poffeffed  of  the  Church 
 ana,  lb.  p.     Livings  before  the  Reftoration,  is  very  remarkable,  and  de- 
 156>  *57     ferves  a  Place  ip  this  Hiftory.  **  They  were  (fays  he)  a  grave 
 "•  and  folemn  Pepple  j  their   Spitits  were   eager,  and  their 
 *•'  Tempers  four,  but  they  had  an  appearance  that   created 
 (f  refpe& :   they  vifued  their  Parifhes  much,  and  were  fo  full 
 "  of  Scripture,  and  (o  ready  at  extempore  Prayer,  that  from 
 W  that  they  grew  to  extempore  Sermons ;  for  the  Cuftom  in 
 *<  Scotland  was,  after  dinner  or  fupper,  to  read  a  Chapter 
 "  in  the  Bible,  and  when  they  happened  to  come  in,  if  it  was 
 **  acceptable,  they  would  on  a  fuddeu  expound  the  Chapter  j 
 Si  by  this  means  the  People  had  fuch  a  vaft  degree  of  Know- 
 "  ledge,  that  the  poor   Cottagers  wouid  pray   extempore. 
 "  Their  Preachers  went  all  in  one  trad  in  their  Sermons,  of 
 
 **  Do&rine, 
 
Chap.  VI.         of  the  Puritan  s.  287 
 
 <c  Doctrine,   Reafon,  and  Ufe  ;  and  this  was  fo  methodical,  '     King 
 
 u  that   the    People  could   follow  a  Sermon  quite  thro'  every  CIiarl«    IL 
 
 "  Branch  of  it.    It  can  hardly  be  imagined  to  what  a  degree  ._  _    *  j 
 
 '*  thefe  Mirufters  were  loved,   and  reverenced  by  their  Peo- 
 
 *■«  pie.     They   kept   fcandalous  Perfons   under  fevere  dici- 
 
 fi  pline;   for  breach  of  the  Sabbath,  for  an  Oath,  or  Drun- 
 
 "  kennefs,  they  were  cited  before  the  Kirk  Seflion,  and  fo- 
 
 "  lemnly  rebuked  for  it  ;   for   Fornication  they  flood  on  the 
 
 "  Stool  fjf  Repentance  in  the  Church,  at  the  time  of  Wor- 
 
 "  fhip,   for  three  Days,  receiving  Admonition,    and  making 
 
 "  Profeffions  of.  Repentance,    which  fome  did   with  many 
 
 "  Tears,  and    Exhortations  to  others   to   take  warning  by 
 
 *'.  them  ;  for  Adultery  they  fat  in  the  fame  Place  fix  Months 
 
 "  covered  with  Sackcloth.     But  with  all  thefe   (fays  the  Bi- 
 
 "  (hop)  they  had  but  a  narrow  compafs  of  Learning,   were 
 
 **  very  affecled   in   their  deportment,  and  were  apt  in  their 
 
 "  Sermons  to  make  themfelves  popular,  by  preaching  againft 
 
 "  the  Sins  of  Princes  and  Courts,  which  the  People  delighted 
 
 '*  to  hear,   becaufe  they  had  no  fhare  in  them." 
 
 The  Bifhops  and  Clergy  that  fucceeded  thefe  Prefbyterians  And  of  rhe 
 were  of  a  quite  different  ftamp  ;  moftof  them  were  very  mean  Scots  Bps. 
 Divines,    vicious  in  their  Morals,  idle  and  negligent  in  their  cieray^ 
 Cures  j  by  which  me^ns  they  became  obnoxious  to  the  whole 
 Nation,  and  were  hardly  capable  of  fupporting  their  Authority 
 thro'  the  Reign  of  King  Charles  J  I.  even  with  the  afliftance 
 of  the  civil  Power.     Bifltop  Burnet  adds,  that  they  were  mean         g 
 and  defpicable  in  all  refpedls  ;   the  worft   Preachers  he  ever 
 heard  ;  ignorant  to  a  Reproach,  and  many  of  them  openly 
 vicious  ;   that  they  were  a  difgrace  to  their  Order,  and  to  the 
 facred  Functions,  and  were  indeed  the  dregs  and  refufe  of  the 
 northern   Parts.     The   few   that    wTere  above  contempt  or 
 Scandal  were  Men  of  fuch  violent  Tempers,   that  they  were 
 as  much  hated  as  the  others  were  defpifed. 
 
 In  Ireland  the  Hierarchy  was  reftored  after  the  fame  man-  EpifCOpacy 
 ner  as  in  Scotland  ;   the  King  by  his  Letters  Patents  in  right  reftored  in 
 of  his  Power  to  appoint  Bifhops  to  the  vacant  Sees,  ifiued  his  Ken"d  410 
 royal  Mandate   to  Dr.   Bra  m  hall,   Archbifhop   of  Armagh,  44i." 
 and  Dr.  Taylor,   Bifhpp  of  Down  and  Connor,  by  virtue  pf 
 which    they  laid  hands  on  twp  Archbifliops,  and    ten  Bifhops 
 in  one  Day.  His  Grace  infilled  on  the  Re-Ordination  of  thofe 
 who  had  been  ordained  in  the  late  times  without  the  hands 
 of  a  Bifhop,  but  with  this  foftning  Claufe  in  their  Orders. 
 iC  Non  annihilates  priores  Ordines   (fi  quoshabuit)  nee  va- 
 "  liditatem,  aut  invaliditatem  eorundem  determinantes,  multo 
 *•  minus  omnes    Ordines  facros  Ecclefiarum  forinfecarum 
 
 "  condemnantes, 
 
23  a 
 
 King 
 Charles  II. 
 1661. 
 
 lb.  p.  449. 
 
 Conduct  of 
 the  French 
 Proteftants. 
 
 K.  Chr. 
 p.  462. 
 
 Kerniet. 
 P-  475- 
 
 King's  pre 
 tended  Zea 
 for  the  Hie 
 
 rarchy, 
 
 Rapin. 
 p.  290. 
 
 TheHISTORY         Vol.  IV. 
 
 <c  condemnantes,  quos  proprio  Judicio  relinqiiimus  :  Sed 
 "  folumrnodo  fupplentes  quicquid  prius  defuit  per  Canones 
 "  Ecclefiae  Anglicans  requiiitum  —  i.  e.  "  Not  annihi- 
 u  lating  his  former  Orders  (if  he  had  any)  nor  determining 
 "  concerning  their  Validity  or  Invalidity,  much  lefs  con- 
 "  demning  all  the  facred  Ordinations  of  foreign  Churches 
 u  whom  we  leave  to  their  own  Judgment,  but  only  fuppiying 
 "  what  was  wanting  according  to  the  Canons  of  the  Church 
 "  of  England  — "  Without  fuch  an  explication  as  this  few 
 of  the  Clergy  of  Ireland  would  have  kept  their  Stations  in 
 the  Church.  On  the  17th  of  May  the  Lords  Spiritual  and 
 Temporal,  and  the  Commons  in  Parliament  afFembled  in 
 Ireland,  declared  their  approbation  and  high  efteem  of  epif- 
 copal  Government,  and  of  the  Book  of  Common-Prayer, 
 according  to  the  ufe  of  the  Church  of  England  ;  and  thus 
 the  old  Conlritiition  in  Church  as  well  as  State,  was  reftored 
 in  the  three  Kingdoms. 
 
 The  French  Minifters,  who  had  been  tools  to  perfuade 
 theEngliftiPrefbyteriansto  reftore  the  King  without  a  Treaty, 
 went  along  with  the  Torrent,  and  complimented  the  Church 
 of  England  upon  her  Re-Eftablifhment  ;  they  commended 
 the  Liturgy,  which  they  formerly  treated  with  reproachful 
 Language.  Some  few  of  them  pretended  to  bemoan  the 
 want  of  Epifcopacy  among  themfelves,  and  to  wonder  that 
 any  of  the  Englifli  Prefbyterians  fhould  fcruple  conformity. 
 The  French  Church  at  the  Savoy  fubmitted  to  the  Rites  and 
 Ceremonies  of  the  Englifh  Hierarchy  ;  and  Mr.  Du  Bofc, 
 Minifter  of  Caen,  writes  to  the  Minifter  of  Savoy,  that  he 
 was  as  dear  to  him  under  the  Surplice  of  England,  as  under 
 the  Robe  of  France.  So  complaifant  were  thefe  mercenary 
 Divines  towards  thofe  who  difallowed  their  Orders,  difowned 
 their  Churches,  and  the  validity  of  ?11  their  Adminiftratioris. 
 
 Lord  Clarendon  and  the  Bifhops  having  got  over  the  Sa« 
 1  voy  Conference,  and  carried  the  Service-Book  with  the 
 amendments  through  the  Convocation,  were  now  improving 
 the  prefent  temper  of  the  Parliament  to  give  it  the  Sanction 
 of  the  Legiflature  ;  for  this  purpofe  the  King,  tho'  a  Papift, 
 is  made  to  fpeak  the  Language  of  a  zealous  Churchman.  In 
 his  Speech  to  the  Parliament,  Feb.  28,  he  has  thefe  Words  ; 
 "  Gentlemen,  I  hear  you  are  zealous  for  the  Church,  and 
 "  very  folicitous,  and  even  jealous,  that  there  is  not  ex- 
 "  pedition  enough  ufed  in  that  Affair.  I  thank  you  for 
 "  it,  fince  I  prefume  it  proceeds  from  a  good  root  of 
 "  Piety  and  Devotion  ;  but  I  muft  tell  you,  that  I  have  the 
 
 ««  worft 
 
Chap.  VI.      of  the  P  u  R  i  t  A  N  s;  289 
 
 "  worft  luck  in  the   World,  if  after  all   the  reproaches  of     King 
 
 "  being  a  Papift,  while  I  was  abroad,  I  am  fufpe&ed  of  be-  Qha^}' 
 
 "  ing  a  Presbyterian   now  I  am  come  home.     I  know  you  i_  —  -  \j 
 
 M  will  not  take  it  unkindly  if  I  tell  you,  I  am  as  zealous 
 
 '*  for   the  Church  of  England  as  any  of  you  can  be,  and 
 
 '"  am  enough  acquainted  with  the  enemies  of  it  on  all  fides. 
 
 "  I  am  as  much  in  love  with  the  Book  of  Common-Prayer 
 
 "  as  you    can  wifh,    and  have  prejudices  enough    againft 
 
 "  thofe  who  do  not  love  it;  who  I  hope,  in  time,   will  be 
 
 "  beiter  informed,  and  change  their  minds.     And  you  may 
 
 **  be  confident,  I  do  as  much   defire  to  fee  an  uniformity 
 
 **  fettled  as  any  among  you  ;  and  pray  truft  me  in  that  af- 
 
 "  fair,    I  promife  you  to  haften  the  difpatch  of  it  with    all 
 
 "  convenient  fpeed ;  you  may  rely  upon  me  in  it.     I  have 
 
 V  tranfmitted    the    Book    of    Common-Prayer    with    the 
 
 "  amendments,  to  the  Houfe  of  Lords — but  when  we  have 
 
 *'  done  all  we  can,  the  well  fettling  that  affair   will  require 
 
 **  great  prudence  and  difcretion,  and  the  abfence  of  all 
 
 "  paffion  and  precipitation." 
 
 The  reafon  of  the  King's  requiring  Difcretion  in  the  Par-  In  favour 
 liament,  and  the  abfence  of  Paffion,    was  not  in  favour  of  °^he  Pa* 
 the  Presbyterians,  but  the  Papifts,  who  went  all  the  lengths  declare^ their 
 of  the  Prerogative,  and  publifhed   a    Remonflrance  about  Principles. 
 this  time,  "  wherein   they  acknowledge   his  Majefty  to  be 
 M  God's  Vice-gerent  upon  Earth  in  all  temporal   affairs  ; 
 "  that  they  are  bound  to  obey  him  under  pain   of  fin,  and 
 "  that  they  renounce  all  foreign  Power   and  Authority,  as 
 "  incapable  of  abfolving  them  from  this   obligation."     It 
 was  given  out,   that  they  were  to  have  forty  Chapels  in  and  Comp. 
 about  the  City  of  London,   and  much  more  was  underftood  Hlft-P- 
 by  them  (fays  Archbifhop  Tenifon)  who  penetrated  into  the  Mar'g. 
 defigns  of  a  certain  Paper,   commonly  called  the  "  Declara-  K.  chron. 
 "  tion  of  Somerfet  Houfe  ;"    but   the  defign  mifcarried,  P'495* 
 partly  by  their  divifions  among  themfelves,  and  partly  by  the 
 refolutenefs  of  the  prime  Minifter,    who  charged  them  with 
 Principles  inconfiftent    with   the    peace  of  the  Kingdom. 
 Father  Orleans  fays,   "    There   was  great  Debates  in  this  Kennet,  p. 
 tc  Parliament  about    Liberty  of  Conference.  ■       The  Ca-  498« 
 "  tholick  Party   was  fupported   by   the  Earl  of  Briflol,  a 
 "  Man  in  great  Repute  ;    the  Proteftant  Party  by  Chancel- 
 *'  lor  Hyde,  chief  of  an  oppofite  Faction,    and  a  Perfon  of 
 *'  no  lefs  confidcration,  who  putting  himfelf  at  the  head  of 
 **  the  prevailing  Church  of  England  Party  in  that  Parlia- 
 *c  ment,   declared  not  only  againft  the  Roman  Catholicks, 
 "  but  againft  the  Presbyterians,  and  all  thofe  the  Church  of 
 
 Vol.  IV.  T  England 
 
The    HISTORY  Vol.  IV. 
 
 England  calls  Non-Conformifrs.  The  King,  who  was 
 no  good  Chriftian  in  his  Actions,  but  a  Catholiek  in  his 
 Heart,  did  all  that  could  be  expected  from  his  eafy  Tem- 
 per, to  maintain  the  common  Liberty,  that  fo  the  Catho- 
 '.'  licks  mi^ht  have  a  mare  in  it  ;  but  the  Church  of  Eng- 
 **  land,  and  Chancellor  Hyde,  were  fo  hot  upon  that  Point, 
 "  that  his  Majefty  was  obliged  to  yield  rather  to  the  Chan- 
 kC  cellor's  Importunity  than  to  his  Reafon."  However, 
 by  the  favour  of  the  Queen -Mother  fwarms  of  Papifts  came 
 over  into  England,  and  fettled  about  the  Court ;  they  fet 
 up  private  Seminaries  for  the  Education  of  Youth  ;  and 
 tho'  they  could  not  obtain  an  open  Toleration,  they  multi- 
 plied prodigioufly,  and  laid  the  Eonndation  of  all  the  dan- 
 gers that  threatened  the  Conftitution  and  Proteftant  Religion 
 in  the  latter  part  of  this  and  the  next  Reign. 
 
 Towards  the  latter  end  of  this  Year,  the  Court  and  Bi- 
 ihops  not  content  with  their  Triumphs  over  the  living  Pref- 
 byterians,  defcended  into  the  Grave,  and  dug  up  the  Bodies 
 of  thofe  that  had  been  buried  in  Weftminfter  Abbey  in  the 
 late  times,  left  their  Duft  fhould  one  time  or  other  mix 
 with  the  Loyalifts  ;  for  befides  the  Bodies  of  Cromwel, 
 and  others  already  mentioned,  his  Majefty's  Warrant  to  the 
 Dean  and  Chapter  of  Weftminfter  was  now  obtained,  to 
 take  up  the  Bodies  of  fuch  Perfons  who  had  been  nnwar- 
 rantably  buried  in  the  Chapel  of  King  Henry  VII.  and  in 
 other  Chapels  and  Places  within  the  Collegiate  Church  of 
 Weftminfter  fince  the  year  1641,  and  to  bury  them  in  the 
 Church-yard  adjacent  ;  by  which  Warrant  they  might 
 have  taken  up  all  the  Bodies  that  had  been  buried  there  tor 
 twenty  years  paft.  Purfuant  to  thefe  Orders,  on  the  1 2th 
 and  14th  of  September  they  went  to  work,  and  took  about 
 twenty,  among  whom  were, 
 Dead  Bo-  The   Body  of  Elizabeth   Cromwel,  Mother  of  Oliver, 
 
 di-softhe    Daughter   of  Sir    Richard    Stewart,  who  died    Nov.   18, 
 
 Xribte  Pw-  l654'  and  was  hurie(1  in  Henry  the  Seventh's  Chapel. 
 
 fans  in  the         The  Body  of  Elizabeth   Claypolc,  Daughter  of  Oliver, 
 
 bte  times     who  died  Aug.   7,    1658,   and  was  buried  in  a  Vault  made 
 
 K.echr'on.p.  for  hcr  in  Heni7  the  Seventh's  Chapel. 
 
 536.  The  Body  of  Robert  Blake,    the  famous   Englifh  Admi- 
 
 ral, who  after  his  victorious  Fight  at  Santa  Cruz,  died  in 
 Plimouth  Sound,  Aug.  7,  1657.  and  was  buried  in  Henry 
 the  Seventh's  Chapel  :  A  Man,  whofe  great  Services  to 
 the  Engliih  Nation  deferved  a  Monument  as  lafting  as  time 
 itfelf. 
 
 The 
 
Chap.  VI.       of  the  P  u  r  i  t  A  n  s.  291 
 
 The  Body  of  the  famous  Mr.  John  Pym,  a  Cornifh  Gen-     King 
 tleman,   and  Member  of  the  Long  Parliament,   who  was  ch"|fsI1' 
 buried  in  the  year  1643.  and  attended  to  his  Grave  by  moil: 
 of  the  Lords  and  Commons  in  Parliament. 
 
 The  Body  of  Dr.  Doriflaus,  employed  as  an  afliftant  in 
 drawing  up  the  charge  againft  the  King,  for  which  he  was 
 murdered  by  the  Royalifts,  when  he  was  AmbafTador  to  the 
 States  of  Holland  in  1649. 
 
 The  Body  of  Sir  William  Conflable,  one  of  the  King's 
 Judges,  Governor  of  Gloucefter,  and  Colonel  of  a  Regi- 
 ment of  Foot,  who  died  1655. 
 
 The  Body  of  Colonel  Edward  Popham,  one  of  the  Ad- 
 mirals of  the  Fleet,  who  died  1651. 
 
 The  Body  of  William  Stroud,  Efq;  one  of  the  five  Mem- 
 bers of  Parliament  demanded  by  King  Charles  I. 
 
 The  Body  of  Colonel  Humphry  Mackworth,  one  of  O. 
 Cromwel's  Colonels,  buried  in  Henry  the  Seventh's  Chapel, 
 1654. 
 
 The  Body  of  Dennis  Bond,  Efq;  one  of  the  Council  of 
 State,  who  died  Aug.  8,  1658. 
 
 The  Body  of  Thomas  May,  Efq;  who  writ  the  Hiftory 
 of  the  Long  Parliament  with  great  Integrity,  and  in  a  beau- 
 tiful Stile.     He  died  in  the  Year  1650. 
 
 The  Body  of  Colonel  John  Meldrum,  a  Scots  Man,  who 
 died  in  the  Wars. 
 
 The  Body  of  Colonel  Bofcawen,  a  Cornifh  Man. 
 To  thefe  may  be  added,  feveral  eminent  Presbyterian 
 Divines  ;    as, 
 
 The  Body  of  Dr.  William  Twifle,  Prolocutor  of  the 
 AfTembly  of  Divines,  buried  in  the  South  Crofsof  the  Ab- 
 bey Church,  July  24,  1645. 
 
 The  Body  of  Mr.  Stephen  Marfhal,  buried  in  the  South 
 Ifle,  November  23,   1655. 
 
 The  Body  of  Mr.  William  Strong,  Preacher  in  the  Ab- 
 bey Church,  and  buried  there  July  4,  1654.  Thele  with 
 fonie  others  of  leffer  Note,  both  Men  and  Women,  were 
 thrown  together  into  one  Pit  in  St.  Margaret's  Church-yard, 
 near  the  Back-Door  of  one  of  the  Prebendaries  :  But  the 
 Work  was  fo  indecent,  and  carried  with  it  fuch  a  popular 
 odium,   that  a  Stop  was  put  to  any  further  Proceedings. 
 
 Among  others  who  were  obnoxious  to  the  Government,  Of  the 
 were  the  People  called  Quakers,  who  having  declared  open-  Qu^''3' 
 ]y  againil  the  lavvr'ulnefs  of  making  ufe  of  carnal  Weapons, 
 even  in  Self-Defence,  had  the  courage  to  petition  the  IlouJe 
 
 T  2  of 
 
The    HISTORY         Vol.  IV. 
 
 of  Lords  for  a  Toleration  of  their  Religion,  and  for  a  Dif- 
 penfationfrom  taking  the  Oaths,  which  they  held  unlawful ; 
 not  from  any  difaffection  to  the  Government,  or  a  belief 
 that  they  were  lefs  obliged  by  an  Affirmation,  but  from  a 
 perfuafion  that  all  Oaths  were  unlawful  ;  and  that  Swearing 
 upon  the  moil  folemn  occafions  was  forbidden  in  the  New 
 Teftament.  The  Lords  in  a  Committee  rejected  their  Pe- 
 tition, and  inftead  of  giving  them  Relief  paiTed  the  follow- 
 ing Aft,  May  2,  the  Preamble  to  which  fets  forth,  "  That 
 At  igain.t  "  whereas  fundry  Perfons  have  taken  up  an  opinion,  that  an 
 Q  lakers.  *«  Oath,  even  before  a  Magiftrate,  is  unlawful,  and  contra- 
 M  "•  •  "  ry  to  the  Word  of  God.  And  whereas  under  pretence 
 "  of  religious  Worfhip,  the  faid  Perfons  do  affemble  in 
 <s  great  numbers  in  feveral  parts  of  the  Kingdom,  fepara- 
 "  ting  themfelves  from  the  reft  of  his  Majefty's  Subjefts, 
 **  and  from  the  publick  Congregations  and  ufual  places  of 
 "  divine  Worfhip  ;  be  it  therefore  enafted,  that  if  any 
 *'  fuch  Perfons  after  the  24th  of  March,  1661-62.  fhall  re- 
 '*  fufe  to  take  an  oath  when  lawfully  tendered,  or  perfuade 
 "  others  to  do  it,  or  maintain  in  writing,  or  otherwife,  the 
 '*'  unlawfulnefs  of  taking  an  Oath  ;  orif  they  fhall  affemble 
 "  for  religious  Vvorfhip  to  the  number  of  five  or  more, 
 "  of  the  age  of  fifteen,  they  fhall  for  thefirft  Offence  for- 
 *■  fei't  five  Pounds  ;  for  the  fecond  ten  Pounds ;  and  for  the 
 "  third  fhall  abjure  the  Realm,  or  be  tranfported  to  the 
 "  Plantations :  And  the  Juflices  of  Peace  at  their  open  Sef- 
 "  fions  may  hear  and  finally  determine  in  the  affair."  This 
 aft  was  paffed  by  Commiflion,  and  had  a  dreadful  influ- 
 ence upon  that  People,  tho'  it  was  notorious  they  were  far 
 Sewd  p  from  Sedition  or  Dilaffeftion  to  the  Government.  G.  Fox, 
 346.  in  his  Addreft  to  the  King,  acquaints  his  Majefty,  that  three 
 
 k.  Chron.  thousand  and  fixty  eight  of  their  Friends  had  been  imprifon- 
 7"  5I'  ed  fine-:  his  Majefty's  Reftoration  ;  that  their  meetings  were 
 daily  broken  up  by  Men  with  Clubs  and  Arms,  and  their 
 Friends  thrown  into  the  Water,  and  trampled  under  Foot 
 till  the  Blood  gufhed  out,  which  gave  rife  to  their  meeting 
 in  the  open  Streets.  Another  Relation  was  printed,  figned 
 by  twelve  Witneffes,  which  fays,  that  more  than  four  thou- 
 fand  two  hundred  Quakers  were  imprifoned  ;  and  of  them 
 five  hundred  were  in  .and  about  London,  and  the  Suburbs  ; 
 feveral  of  whom  were  dead  in  the  Goals.  But  thefe  were 
 only  the  beginnings  of  Sorrows. 
 _  Religion,  which  had  been  the  fafhion  of  the  late  times, 
 
 Religion.      was  now  univerfally  difeountenanced  ;  the  name  of  it  was 
 
 hardW 
 
Chap.  VI.        of  the   Puritans.  293 
 
 hardly  mentioned  but  with  ridicule,  in  aHealth  or  a  Play.  King 
 Thole  who  obferved  the  Sabbath,  and  fcrupled  prophane  Cha^Les  I  ** 
 Swearing  and  drinking  Healths,  were  expofed  under  the  ^_  '  . 
 opprobrious  names  of  Puritans.  Fanaticks,  Presbyterians, 
 Republicans,  fed  itious  Perfons,  6V0  The  Presbyterian 
 Minifters  were  every  where  fufpended  or  deprived  for  fome 
 unguarded  expreiTions  in  their  Sermons  or  Prayers.  Lord 
 Clarendon  was  at  the  head  of  all  this  madnefs,  and  declared 
 in  Parliament,  "  That  the  King  could  diftinguifh  between 
 "  Tendernefs  of  Confcience  and  Pride  of  Confcience  ;  that 
 "  he  was  a  Prince  of  fo  excellent  a  Nature,  and  of  fo  ten- 
 "  der  a  Confcience  himfelf,  that  he  had  the  higheft  com- 
 ei  paflion  for  all  Errors  of  that  kind,  and  would  never  fufrer 
 "  the  Weak  to  undergo  the  Punifhment  ordained  for  the 
 **  Wicked."  Such  was  the  deep  penetration  of  the  Chan- 
 cellor; and  fuch  the  Reward  the  Presbyterians  were  to 
 expecT:  for  their  part  Services  ! 
 
 The  exorbitant  Vices  of  the  Court,  at  the  fame  time,  Extravagan- 
 fpread  over  the  whole  Nation,  and  occafioned  fuch  a  ge- £es  oflhe 
 neral  Licentioufnefs,  that  the  King  took  notice  of  it  in  his  Nation. 
 Speech  at  the  end  of  this  Sefllon  of  Parliament.  "  I  can- 
 "  not  but  obferve  (fays  his  Majefty)  that  the  whole  Nation 
 fi  feems  to  be  a  little  corrupted  in  their  excefs  of  Living  ; 
 "  fure  all  Men  fpcnd  much  more  in  their  Clothes,  in  their 
 "  Diet,  and  all  other  Expences,  than  they  have  been 
 "  ufed  to  do  ;  I  hope  it  has  been  only  the  excefs  of  Joy  af- 
 *'  ter  fo  long  Suffering  that  has  tranfported  us  to  thefe  other 
 **  ExceiTes,  but  let  us  take  heed  that  the  continuance  of 
 '*  them  docs  not  indeed  corrupt  our  Natures.  I  do  believe 
 "  I  have  been  faulty  myfelf  ;  I  promife  you  I  will  reform, 
 "  and  ii  you  will  join  with  me  in  your  feveral  capacities, 
 "  we  fiiall  by  our  examples  do  more  good  both  in  City  and 
 **  Country  than  any  new  Laws  would  do."  But  it  was  not 
 in  the  King's  nature  to  retrench  his  expences,  or  intermit 
 his  Pleafures  for  the  publick  Good. 
 
 Tho'  the  Revenues  of  the  Crown  were  augmented  above      1662. 
 double  what  they  had  been  at  any  time  fince  the  Reforma-  9-  Mt"he' 
 tion  ;  and  tho'  the  King  had  a  vail  Portion  with  his  Queen,  H^fe.  '" 
 whom  he  married  this   Spring,  yet  all  was  not  fufficient  to 
 fupport  the  Profufenefs  of  the  Court ;  for  befides  the  King's 
 own  expences,  the  Queen-Mother  kept  a  fplendid  Court  of 
 Catholicks  at  Somerfet-Houfe,  and  might   have  done  fo  as 
 long  as  fhe  had  lived,  if  me  could  have  kept  within  bounds  ; 
 but  her  conduct  was  fo  imprudent    and   burdenfome,  that 
 
 T  3  fhe 
 
294  The    HISTORY  Vol.  IV. 
 
 Kine       fhe  was  obliged  to  return  to  France  after  three  or  four  years* 
 
 Cl*i6ti1'    wnere  me  died  in  tne  year  l669-      A  Lady  of  fucn  Bigotry 
 in  Religion,  and  Intrigue  in  Management,  that  her  alliance 
 to  this  Nation   was  little   lefs   than  a  Judgment  from  Hea- 
 ven. 
 Sale  of  To  procure  more  ready  Money  for  thefe  extravagancies, 
 
 Dunkirk,      it  was  refolved  to  fell  the  Town  of  Dunkirk   to  the  French, 
 Rapin,  p.      for  £ve  hundred  thoufand  Founds.     The  Lord  Chancellor 
 aoz  ^ioj.     Clarendon  was  the  Projector  of  this  vile  Bargain,  as  appears 
 by  the  Letters  of  Count  D'Eftrades,    publiihed    fince  his 
 Death,  in  one  of  which  his  Lordihip  acknowledges,  that 
 the   "  Thought  came  from  himfelf."     Several  mercenary 
 Pamphlets  were  publifhed  to   juftify  this  Sale ;  but  the  late 
 War  with  France  in   the   Reigns   of  King    William   and 
 Queen  Anne,  have  fufficienlly  convinced  the  Nation,    that 
 it  was  a  fatal  Bargain  to  their  Tr?de  and  Commerce  ;  info- 
 much  that   her  Majefly's  lad  Miniftry  durft  not  venture  to 
 make  peace  with  France  till  the  Fortifications  of  it  were  de- 
 nial ifhed. 
 Execution  of      But  to  divert  the  People's  Eyes  to  other  Objects,   it  was 
 more  ot  the  refolved  to  go  on  with  the  profecution  of  State  Criminals, 
 Judges.         anc'  w'tri  during  the  Non-conformifts  :  Three  of  the  late 
 King's  Judges   being  apprehended   in  Holland,   by  the  for- 
 ward  zeal  of  Sir  G.  Downing  (viz.)  Colonel  Okey,  Corbet 
 and  Berkftead,  were  brought  over  to  England  by  permiflion 
 of  the  States,    and  executed  on  the  A61  of  Attainder,  April 
 19.     They  died   with    the  fame  Refolution  and  Courage  as 
 the  former,  declaring  they  had  no  malice   againfl  the  late 
 King,    but  apprehended  the  authority  of  Parliament   fuffici- 
 ent  to  juftify  what  they  had  done. 
 Trialsof  Before  the  Parliament  rofe  the  Houfe  addrefled    the  King 
 
 Col.  Lara-   to  bring  Colonel  Lambert  and  Sir  Henry  Vane,  prifoners  in 
 sh^H  *'ie  Tower,  to  their  Trial ;  and  accordingly,  June  4,   they 
 
 Vane.  were  arraigned   at  the    King's  Bench  Bar  ;  the  former  for 
 
 levying  War  againfl;  the  King  ;  and  the  latter  for  compafling 
 his  Death.     Lambert  was  convicted,    but  for  his  fubmhTive 
 Behaviour    was  pardoned  as  to   Life,    but  confined  in  the 
 Ifle  of  Guernfey,  where  he   remained  a  patient  Prifoner  till 
 his  Death,    which  happened  about  thirty  years  after.     Sir 
 Plarry  Vane  had   fuch  an  interefr.  in  the  Convention  Parlia- 
 ment that  both  Lords  and  Commons  petitioned  for  his  Life? 
 Execution     which  his  Majefiy  promifed  ;  and  yet  after  this,   at  the  in- 
 otSirH.      terceflion  of  theprefent  Houfe  of  Commons,  he  was  tried 
 Burnet,  p.    and  executed.     Sir  Harry  made  a  brave  defence,  but  it  was 
 j  6  3, 164.  determi- 
 
Chap.  VI.  of  the  P  u  r  i  t  A  n  s.  295" 
 
 determined   to  facrifice  him   to  the  Ghoft  of  the  Earl  of     King 
 Strafford ;   and  when  his  Friends  would  have  had  him  petiti-        riV.    » 
 on  for  his  Life,  he  refufed,  faying,  "  If  the  King  had  not  »_  —  —  j 
 "  a  greater   regard   for  his  Word  and  Hor.our  than  he  had 
 "  for  his   Life,  he   might  take  it."     Neverthelefs   Bifhop 
 Burnet  fays,  "  He  was  naturally  a  fearful  Man,  and  had  a 
 "  Head  as  dark  in   the   notions  of  Religion  ;  but  when  he 
 *'  faw  his   Death  was  determined,  he  compofed  himielf  to 
 "  it  with  a  refolution  that  furprized  all  that  knew  howliitle 
 
 **  of  that    was   natural  to    him He   was  beheaded    on 
 
 u  Tower-Hill,  June  14,  where  a  new  and  very  indecent 
 te  practice  was  begun  ;  it  was  obferved  that  the  dying 
 "  Speeches  of  the  Regicides  had  left  impreflions  on  the 
 *'  Hearers  that  were  not  at  all  to  the  advantage  of  the  Go- 
 "  vernment  ;  and  Strains  of  a  peculiar  Nature  being  expec- 
 *<  ted  from  him,  Drummers  were  placed  under  the  Scaffold, 
 '*  who,  as  foon  as  he  began  to  fpeakof  the  Publick,  upon  a 
 "  Sign  given,  {truck  up  with  their  Drums.  But  this  put 
 *'  him  into  no  Diforder  ;  he  defired  they  might  be  ftopt, 
 "  for  he  knew  what  was  meant  by  it.  Then  he  went  to  his 
 "  Devotion  ;  and  as  he  was  taking  leave  of  thofe  about 
 "  him  he  happened  to  fay  fomething  again  with  relation  to 
 *'  the  times,  when  the  Drum*  ftruck  up  a  fecond  time ;  fo  he 
 u  gave  over,  faying,  it  was  a  forry  Caufe  that  would  not 
 "■  bear  the  words  of  a  dying  Man  ;  and  died  with  fo  much 
 "  compofednefs,  that  it  was  generally  thought  the  Govern- 
 f  ment  loft  more  than  it  gained  by  his  Death."  The  Ox- 
 ford Hiftorian  fays,  he  appeared  on  the  Scaffold  like  an  old 
 Roman,  and  died  without  the  leaft  Symptoms  of  Concern 
 or  Trouble. 
 
 But  the  grand  affair  that  employed  the  Parliament  this  The  Aft  of 
 Spring,  was  the  famous    "  AGt  of  Uniformity  of  publick  Uniformi- 
 "  Prayers,    &c."  defigned  for  the  Inclofure  of  the  Church,  ££™ught 
 and  the  only  Door  of  Admiffion  to   all  Ecclefiaftical  Prefer-  liament. 
 ments.     It  had  been  in  Convocation  three  or  four  Months,  K.  chr.p. 
 and  was  brought  into  Parliament,  with  their  Alterations  and  6°4" 
 Amendments,  before  Chriftmas ;  it  was  read  the  firft  time 
 in  the  Houfe  of  Commons   Jan.  14,    and  pall  after  fundry 
 Debates  but   by  fix  Voices,    Yeas  186;  No's  1 80;  but  it 
 met  with   greater  Obflacles  among  the   Lords,    who  made 
 feveral  Amendments  to   the  Bill,  which  occafioned  Confe- 
 rences between   the   two  Houfes.     The  Lords  would  have  lb.  p.  677. 
 exempted  School mafters,    Tutors,  and  thofe  who  had   the 
 Education  of  Youth  ;  and  in  the  difabling  Claufe  would  have 
 
 T  4  included 
 
296  The    HISTORY  Vol.  IV. 
 
 Chfrief  ir    inclucJed  only  Livings  with  Cure.     But  the  Commons  being 
 166%.  '   Supported  by  the  Court  would  abate  nothing,  nor  confent  to 
 c— v— *j  any  provifion  for  fuch  as  mould  be  ejected.     They  would  in- 
 N>.  p. 679.     dulge  no  Latitude  in  the  Surplice,   or  Crofs  in  Baptifm,  for 
 fear  of  eftablifhing  a  Schifm,  and  weakening  the  Authority 
 of  the   Church,  as    to  her  Right  of  impofmg  indifferent 
 Rites  and  Ceremonies.     And  the  Court  were  willing  to  fhut 
 out  as  many  as  they  could  from  the  Eftablifhment,  to  make 
 a  general  Toleration   more  neceffary.     When  the  Lords 
 urged  the  King's  Declaration  from  Bieda,  the  Commons 
 replied,  that  it  would   be  ftrange  to  call  a  fchifmatical  Con- 
 fcience  a  tender  one  ;  but  fuppofe  this  had  been  meant  (fay 
 they)  his  Majefty  can  be  guilty  of  no  breach  of  Promife,  be- 
 caufe  the  Declaration  had  thefe  two  Limitations,   "  A  Re- 
 *'  ference  to  Parliament ; — and  fo  far  as  was  confident  with 
 '*  the  peace  of  the   Kingdom."     May  8,   the   refult  of  the 
 Conference  with  the  Houfe  of  Commons  being  reported  to  * 
 the  Lords,  the  Houfe  laid  afide  their  Objections,  and  con- 
 And  paffed    curre<^  vv^n  tne  Commons,  fo  the  Bill  pall  ;  but  as  Bifhop 
 Burnet  obferves,  with  no  great  Majority.     May  19,  it  re- 
 ceived the  Royal   Affent,  and   was  to  take  place  from  the 
 24th  of  Auguit  following.     This  AQ.  beiug  prefixed  to  the 
 Book  of  Common-Prayer,  and  lying  open  to  publick  View, 
 I  fhall  only   give  the  Reader  an   Abftract  of  it,     'Tis  enti- 
 tuled, 
 
 Abrtraft  of        *'  An  A&  for  the  uniformity  of  publick   Prayers,   and 
 
 '"•  "  Adminiftration   of  Sacraments,  and  other  Rites  and  Ce- 
 
 c'  remonies,   and  for  eflablifhing  the  Forms  of  making,  or- 
 
 w  daining,  and  confecrating  Bifhops,  Priefls  and  Deacons  in 
 
 '•'  the  Church  of  England." 
 
 The  Preamble  fets  forth,  "  That  from  the  firft  of  Queen 
 "  Elizabeth  there  had  been  one  uniform   Order  of  common 
 "  Service  and  Prayer  enjoined  to  be  ufed  by  Acl:  of  Parlia- 
 *'  ment,    which  had  been  very  comfortable  to  all  good  Peo- 
 "  pie,   till  a  great  number  of  People  in  divers  parts  of  the 
 *'(  Realm,    living  without   Knowledge  and   the  due  fear  of 
 "  God,  did  wilfully,  and  fchifmatically,   refufe  to  come  to 
 6i  their  Parifh  Churches,  upon  Sundays,  and  other  Days  ap- 
 "  pointed  to  be  kept  as  Holy  Days.     And  whereas,    by   the 
 <e  fcandalous  neglect  of  Minifters  in  ufing  the  Liturgy  du- 
 '*.  ring  the  late  unhappy  Troubles,  many  People  have  been 
 *'  led  into  Factions  and  Schifms,  to  the  Decay  of  Religion, 
 "  2nd  the  hazard  of  many    Souls ;  therefore,  for  prevent- 
 44  frig  the  like  for  time  to  come,  the  King  had   granted  a 
 
 "  Commiflion, 
 
Chap.  VI.        of  the  Puritans.  297 
 
 w  Commiffion,  to  review  the  Book  of  Common-Prayer,  to      King 
 
 "  thofe  Bilhops  and  Divines  who  met  at  the  Savoy  ;  and  af-      tfZl 
 
 '*  terwards  his  Majefly  required  the  Clergy  in  Convocation 
 
 "  to  revife  it  again  ;   which  alterations   and  amendments 
 
 M  having  been  approved  by  his  Majefty,  and  both  Houfes 
 
 *'  of  Parliament ;  therefore   for  fettling  the  Peace  of  the 
 
 '•  Nation,  for  the  honour  of   Religion,   and   to  the  intent 
 
 (i  that  every  Perfon  may  know  the  Rule  to  which  he  is  to 
 
 "  conform  in  publick  Worfhip,   it  is  enacted  by  the  King's 
 
 "  moil  Excellent  Majefly,  &c. 
 
 *'  That  all  and  fingular  Minifters  fhall  be  bound  to  fay 
 
 "  and  ufe,  the  Morning  Prayer,  Evening  Prayer,  and  all 
 
 "  other  Common- Prayers,   in   fuch  Order  and  Form  as  is 
 
 "■  mentioned  in  the  Book ;  and  that  every  Parfon,  Vicar, 
 
 "  or  other  Minifter   whatfoever,  fhall  before  the  Feaft  of 
 
 "  St.  Bartholomew  which  fhall  be  in  the  year  of  our  Lord 
 
 "  1662.  openly  and  publicklv,    before  the  Congregation 
 
 **  aflembled  for  religious  Worfhip,    declare  his  unteigned 
 
 "  Affentand  Confent  to  the  ufe  of  all  things  contained  and 
 
 "  prefcribed  in  the  faid  Book,  in  thefe  words, and  no  other." 
 
 "  I  A.  B.  do  here  declare  my  unfeigned  Affent  and  Con- 
 
 '•?  fent  to    all   and  every   thing  contained   and  prefcribed  in 
 
 '.'  and  by  the  Book,  entitled,  the  Book  of  Common-Prayer, 
 
 "  and  Adminiflration    of  Sacraments,  and  other  Rites  and 
 
 "  Ceremonies  of  the    Church,  according  to  the  ufe  of  the 
 
 "  Church  of  England,  together  with  the  Pfalter,  or  Pfalms, 
 
 *c  of   David,  pointed   as   they   are   to  be   fung  or  faid   in 
 
 "  Churches  ;  and  the  Form  and  Manner  of  making,  or- 
 
 "  daining,  and  confecratine:  of  Bifftops,  Priefts  and  Dea- 
 
 "  cons." 
 
 "  The  Penalty  for  neglecting  or  refufing  to  make  this 
 c*  Declaration,  is  Deprivation  ipfo  facto  of  all  his  fpiritua! 
 u  Promotions. 
 
 "  And  it  is  further  enacted,  that  every  Dean,  Canon,  and 
 "  Prebendary  ;  all  Matters,  Heads,  Fellows,  Chaplains^ 
 :i  and  Tutors,  in  any  College,  Hall,  Houfe  of  Learning, 
 '  or  Hofpital  ;  all  publick  ProfeiTors,  Readers  in  either 
 :<  Univerfity,  and  in  every  College  and  elfewhere  ;  and  all 
 '  Parfons,  Vicars,  Curates,   Lecturers ;  and  every  School- 
 
 *  Mafter  keeping  any  publick  or  private  School  ;  and  every 
 
 *  Perfon  inftrufhng  Youth  in  anv  private  Family,   fhall  be- 
 
 *  fore  the  Feail  of  St.  Bartholomew,    1 662.  fubferibe  the 
 '  following  Declaration  (viz.) 
 
 **  I  A.  B.  do  declare,  that  it  is  not  lawful  upon  any  pre- 
 [  tence  whatfoever,  to   take  Arms  againft  the  King ;  and 
 
 *'  that 
 
2<)%  The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y       Vol.  IV. 
 
 King  "  that  I  do  abhor  that  traiterous  pofition  of  taking  Arms  by 
 *Aft  "  *"s  Authority,  againil  his  Perfon,  or  againfl  thofe  that  are 
 ''  commimoned  by  him  ;  and  that  I  will  conform  to  the 
 ;  Liturgy  of  the  Church  of  England,  as  it  is  now  by  Law 
 *'  eflablifhed.  And  I  do  hold,  that  there  lies  no  obligation 
 u  upon  me,  or  on  any  other  Perfon,  from  the  Oath  com- 
 *c  monly  called  the  Solemn  League  and  Covenant,  to  en- 
 "  deavour  any  change  or  alteration  of  Government  either 
 **  in  Church  or  State  ;  and  that  the  fame  was  in  itfelf  an 
 "  unlawful  Oath,  and  impofed  upon  the  Subjects  of  this 
 *'  Realm,  againil  the  known  Laws  and  Liberties  of  this 
 "  Kingdom." 
 
 "  This  Declaration  is  to  be  fubfcribed  by  the  Perfons 
 *'  above-mentioned  before  the  Archbifhop,  Bifhop,  or  Or- 
 "  dinary  of  the  Diocefe,  on  pain  of  Deprivation,  for  thofe 
 "  who  were  poffefled  of  Livings  ;  and  tor  School-Mailers 
 "  and  Tutors  three  Months  imprifonment,  for  the  firfl  Of- 
 *'  fence ;  and  for  every  other  Offence  three  Months  impri- 
 "  fonment,  and  the  forfeiture  of  five  Pounds  to  his  Ma- 
 "  jefty.  Provided  that  after  the  25th  of  March  1682. 
 "  the  renouncing  of  the  Solemn  League  and  Covenant 
 "  mail  be  omitted. 
 
 "  It  is  further  ena&ed,  that  no  Perfon  {hall  be  capable 
 "  of  any  Benefice,  or  prefume  to  confecrate  and  admini- 
 "  fler  the  holy  Sacrament  of  the  Lord's  Supper,  before 
 "  he  be  ordained  a  Pneft  by  Epifcopal  Ordination,  on  pain 
 "  of  forfeiting  for  every  Offence  one  hundred  Pounds. 
 
 "  No  Form,  or  Order  of  Common-Prayer,  fhall  be 
 "  ufed  in  any  Church,  Chapel,  or  other  place  of  publick 
 "  Worihip,  or  in  either  of  the  Univerfities,  than  is  here 
 •*  prefcribed  :ind  appointed. 
 
 "  None  thall  be  received  as  Lecturers,  or  be  permitted 
 "  to  preach,  or  read  any  Sermon  or  Letture  in  any  Church 
 tc  or  Chapel,  unlefs  he  be  approved  and  licenfed  by  the 
 "  Archbifnopor  Bilhop,  and  fhall  read  the  Thirty  Nine  Ar- 
 "  tides  of  Religion,  with  a  Declaration  of  his  unfeigned 
 "  Aflent  and  Confent  to  the  fame  :  And  unlefs  the  firfl 
 "  time  he  preaches  any  Lecture  or  Sermon,  he  fhall  open- 
 4<  ly  read  the  Common-Prayer,  and  declare  his  Affent  to 
 "  it  ;  and  fhall  on  the  firfl  Le6hne-day  of  every  Month  af- 
 "  terwards  before  Lecture,  or  Sermon,  read  the  Common- 
 '*  Prayer  and  Service,  under  pain  of  being  difabled  to 
 "  preach  ;  and  if  he  preach  while  fo  difabled,  to  fufFer  three 
 "  Months  imprifonment  for  every  Offence. 
 
 «  The 
 
Chap.  VI.        of  the  P  u  ft  i  t  A  N  s.  299 
 
 u  The  feveral  Laws  and  Statutes  formerly  made  for  uni-       King 
 "  formity  of  Prayer,  &c.  mall  be  in  force  for  confirming  Chag" Ir* 
 *'  the  prefent  Book  of  Common -Prayer,  and    (hall  be  ap-  .    —  _*  _f 
 €f  plied  for  punifliing  all  Offences  contrary  to  the  faidLaws, 
 *'  with  relation  to  the  faid  Book,  and  no  other. 
 
 "  A  true  printed  Copy  of  the  faid  Book  is  to  be  provided 
 "  in  every  Parifh  Church,  Chapel,  College  and  Hall,  at  the 
 "  coft  and  charge  of  the  Parifhioners,  or  Society,  before 
 "  the  Feafl  of  St.  Bartholomew,  on  pain  of  forfeiting  three 
 **  Pounds  a  Month,  for  fo  long  as  they  mall  be  unprovided 
 "  of  it." 
 
 It  was  certainly  unreafonable  in  the  Legiflature  to  limit  Remark*, 
 the  time  of  Subfcription  to  fo  fhort  a  period,  it  being  next 
 to  impoflible  that  the  Clergy  all  over  the  Kingdom  mould 
 read  and  examine  the  Alterations  within  that  time.  The 
 Dean  and  Prebendaries  of  Peterborough  declared,  that  they 
 could  not  obtain  Copies  before  Auguft  17,  the  Sunday  im- 
 mediately preceding  the  Feafl:  of  St.  Bartholomew  ;  fb 
 that  it  was  not  poflible  for  all  the  Members  of  that  Came* 
 dral  to  read  the  Service  in  manner  and  form  as  the  Act  di- 
 rects, and  therefore  they  were  obliged  to  have  recourfe  to 
 the  favour  of  their  Ordinary  to  admit  of  the  impediment ; 
 however,  their  Preferments  were  then  forfeited  by  Law,  as 
 appears  by  the  Act  of  the  15th  of  Charles  II.  Chap.  6.  en* 
 tituled,  "  An  Act  for  the  relief  of  fuch  as  by  Sicknefs,  or 
 "*'  other  Impediments,  were  difabled  from  fubfcribing  the 
 **  Declaration  of  the  Act  of  Uniformity ;"  which  fays,  that 
 thofe  who  did  not  fubfcribe  within  the  time  limited  were 
 utterly  difabled,  and  ipfo  facto  deprived,  and  their  Bene- 
 fices void,  as  if  they  were  naturally  dead.  And  if  this  was 
 the  Cafe  at  Peterborough,  what  muft  be  the  Condition  of 
 the  Clergy  in  the  more  Northern  Counties  ?  in  fact,  there 
 was  not  one  divine  in  ten  that  lived  at  any  confiderable  di- 
 ftance  from  London  that  did  perufe  it  within  that  time  ;  but 
 the  matter  was  driven  on  with  fc  much  Precipitancy  (fays 
 Bifhop  Burnet)  that  it  feems  implied,  that  the  Clergy 
 mould  fubfcribe  implicitly  to  a  Book  they  had  never  feen  ;  p' l8s* 
 and  this  was  done  by  too  many,  as  the  Bifhops  themfelves 
 ConfefTed. 
 
 The  Terms  of  Conformity  now  were, 
 
 (1)  Re-Ordination,  if  they  had  not  been  Epifcopally  or- Termg  of 
 dained  before.  Conformity 
 
 (2.)  "  A 
 
300  The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y        Vol.  IV. 
 
 King  (2  )   "  A  Declaratfon   of    their    unfeigned    Affent  and 
 
 "1662  '  "  Confent  to  all  and  every  thing  prefcribed  and  contained  in 
 ^__  -  ■  "  the  Book  of  Common-Prayer,  and  Adminiitration  of 
 "  Sacraments,  and  other  Rites  and  Ceremonies  of  the 
 "  Church  of  England,  together  with  the  Pfalter,  and  the 
 "  Form  and  Manner  of  making,  ordaining,  and  confecra- 
 "  ting  of  Bifhops,   Priefts  and  Deacons. 
 
 (3.)  "  To  take  the  oath  of  canonical   Obedience. 
 (4.)  To  abjure  the  Solemn  League  and  Covenant,  which 
 "  many  confcientious  Mfnifters  could  not  difentangle  them- 
 *'  felves  from. 
 
 (15.)  "  To  abjure  the  Lawfulnefs  of  taking  Arms  againffc 
 
 "  the  King,  or  any  commilTioned  by  him,  on  any  pretence 
 
 "  whatfoever." 
 
 Higher  ]t  appears  from  hence,  that    the    Terms  of  Conformity 
 
 ehaa  before    were  higher  than  before  the  civil  Wars,    and  the  Common- 
 
 the  civil  o  ' 
 
 Wars.  Prayer  Book  more  exceptionable  ;  for  inftead  of  ttriking  out 
 
 the  Apocryphal  Lelfons,  more  were  inierted,  as  the  Story 
 of  Bel  and  the  Dragon  ;  and  fome  new  Holy  Days  were  ad- 
 ded, as  St.  Barnabas,  and  the  Converfion  of  St  Paul ;  a  few 
 Alterations,  and  new  Collects  were  made  by  the  Bifhops 
 p.  182,        thcmfelves,  but  care  was  taken  (fays  Burnet)  that  nothing 
 
 mould  be  altered,  as    was  moved  by  tne  Prefbyterians 
 
 The  validity  of  Prefbyterian  Ordination  was  renounced,  by 
 which   the  Miniftrations  of  the  foreign  Churches  were  dif- 
 
 owned Lecturers  and  School-Mafters  were  put  upon  the 
 
 fame  foot  with  Incumbents  as  to  Oaths   and    Subfcripti- 
 
 ens «A -new  Declaration  was  invented,    which  none  who 
 
 tinderitood  the  Conftitution  of  England  could  fafely  fubferibe 
 — and  to  terrify  the  Clergy  into  a  compliance,  no  fettled 
 provtiion  was  made  for  thofe  who  mould  be  deprived  of  their 
 
 Livings,  but  ail  were  referred  to  the  Royal  Clemency 
 
 A  feverity  (fays  Bifhop  Burnet)   neither  practifed  by  Queen 
 
 Elizabeth   in   enacting   the  Liturgy,   nor   by    Cromwel  in 
 
 ejecting  the  Royalifts,  in  both  which  a  fifth  of  the  Benefice 
 
 was  referved  for  their  Subfiftence. 
 
 ifemfa*  Mr.  Rapin  has  feveral  Remarks  on  this  Act :  If  we  com- 
 
 ReraaVks.      pare  it  with  the  King's   Declaration  from  Breda  (fays  he)  it 
 
 ?•   zvz-       will  eafilybe  feen  what  care  the  Minifters  about  the  King, 
 
 who  were  the  real  Authors  or  Promoters  of  this  Act,  had  for 
 
 his  honour  and  promife  ;  tho'  fome  therefore  may  look  upon 
 
 this  Act  as  the  great   fupport  and   bulwark  of  the  Church, 
 
 others  no  !efs  attached  to  its  interelts,  will  perhaps  look  upon 
 
 it  as  her  difgrace  and  fcandal — His  fecond    Remark   is,  for 
 
 the   Reader  to  take  notice  of  the  amount  of  the  Promifes 
 
 made  to  the  Presbyterians   by    the  King's    Party,  upon 
 
 the 
 
Chap.  VI.        of  the  P  u  r  i  t  A  n  s; 
 
 the  Affurance  of  which  they  had  fo  chearfully  laboured  for 
 his  Reftoration,  and  followed  the  Directions  tranfmitted  by 
 his  Friends— ——His  third  Remark  is,  that  by  an  Artifice, 
 the  mod  grofs  Confpiracies  were  invented  which  had  no 
 manner  of  Reality  ;  or  fuppofing  they  had,  could  no  ways 
 be  charged  on  the  Prefbyterians,  who  were  not  to  anfwer 
 for  the  crimes  of  other  Sects. 
 
 On  the  other  Hand,  Bifhop  Kennet  fays  "  the  World  Remarks  of 
 '■  has  Reafon  to  admire  not  only  the  Wifdom  of  this  Aflt,  Bifhop  Ktn- 
 "  but  even  the  moderation  of  it,  as  being  effectually  made  net" 
 "  for  minifterial  Conformity  alone,  and  leaving  the  People 
 "  unable  to  complain  of  any  Impofition.  And  it  would 
 "  certainly  have  had  the  defired,  and  moll  happy  Effect, 
 "  of  Unity  and  Peace  (fays  his  Lordfhip)  if  the  Govern-  p  26i. 
 "  ment  had  been  in  earnefr.  in  the  execution  of  it/"  Muff  Remarks 
 the  Blefllngs  of  Unity  and  Peace  then  be  built  on  the 
 Foundation  of  Perfecution,  Plunder,  Perfidy,  and  the  waftes 
 of  Confcience  ?  If  his  Majefly's  Declaration  concerning 
 Ecclefiaftical  Affairs  breathed  the  Spirit  of  true  Wifdom  and 
 Charity,  and  ought  to  ftand  for  a  pattern  to  Poflerity,  when- 
 ever they  are  difpofed  to  heal  the  Breaches  of  the  Church(as 
 the  Bifhop  has  elfewhere  declared)  where  could  be  the  Ken 
 wifdomd  and  moderation  of  this  Aft,  which  turn'd  out  two  p.  j46.* 
 thoufand  Miniflers  into  the  World  to  beg  their  Bread  upon 
 fuch  fevere  Terms  ?  And  whereas  the  Bifhop  fays,  the 
 People  had  no  reafon  to  complain  of  Impofition,  was  it  no 
 Hardfhip  to  be  obliged  to  go  to  Church,  and  join  in  a  Form 
 of  worfhip  that  went  againft  their  confidences  ?  Does  not 
 the  Act  revive  and  confirm  all  the  Penal  Laws  of  Queen 
 Elizabeth  and  King  James,  in  thefe  Words,  "  Be  it  far- 
 "  ther  enacted,  that  the  feveral  good  Laws  and  Statutes  of 
 <s  this  Realm,  which  have  been  formerly  made,  and  are 
 *'  now  in  Force  for  the  Uniformity  of  Prayers,  and  Ad- 
 "  miniftration  of  the  Sacraments  within  this  Realm  of  Eng- 
 M  land,  and  Places  aforefaid,  fhall  ftand  in  full  force  and 
 "  ftrength  to  all  intents  and  purpofes  whatfoever,  and  fhall 
 "  be  applied,  practifed,  and  be  put  in  Ufe  for  the  punifh- 
 ,?  ing  all  Offences  contrary  to  the  faid  Law."  Surely  this 
 mufl  affect  the  Laity  !  'Tis  more  to  be  admired  in  my  Op- 
 inion, that  the  Clergy  of  England  and  all  Officers  both 
 Civil  and  Military,  could  fubcribe  a  Declaration  that  gave 
 up  the  Whole  ConfHtution  into  the  Hands  of  an  arbitrary 
 Prince;  for  if  the  King  had  abolifhed  the  Ufe  of  Parlia- 
 ments, and  commanded  his  Subjects  to  embrace  the  Popifli 
 Religion,    which  way  could  they  have  relieved  themfelves, 
 
 when 
 
302 
 
 King 
 
 Charles  II 
 
 1662. 
 
 Of  Mr. 
 
 Collyer. 
 
 Authors  or 
 Promoters 
 of  this  A6t. 
 Lord  Cla- 
 rendon. 
 
 p.  185. 
 
 Collyer, 
 p.  888. 
 
 Bifhop 
 Sheldon. 
 
 p.  177. 
 
 The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y        Vol.  IV. 
 
 when  they  had  fworn,  that  "  it  was  not  lawful  to  take  up 
 "  Arms  againfl  the  King,  or  any  commiflioned  by  him,  on 
 "  any  pretence  whatfoever,  on  pain  of  High  Treafon  ?" 
 'Tis'hard  to  reconcile  thefe  things  with  the  late  Revolution 
 of  King  William  and  Queen  Mary.  I  mall  only  add, 
 That  many  of  the  mod  learned  and  Judicious  Divines  of  the 
 Church  have  wifhed,  for  their  own  fakes,  that  the  Aft 
 might  be  amended  and  altered. 
 
 Mr.  Collyer,  a  Non-juring  Clergyman,  who  fuffered  for 
 his  Principles,  fpeaks  more  like  a  Gentleman  and  a  Chrif- 
 tian  than  the  Bifhop ;  "  The  misfortune  of  the  Prefbyterians 
 "  (fays  he)  cannot  be  remember'd  without  Regret ;  thofe 
 "  who  quit  their  Interefts  are  certainly  in  earneft,  a*nd  de- 
 •'  ferve  a  charitable  Confr.ru6r.ion.  Miftakes  in  Religion 
 '*  are  to  be  tenderly  ufed,  and  confcience  ought  to  be  pi- 
 "  tied  when  it  can't  be  relieved." 
 
 'Tis  fit  the  Authors  and  promoters  of    this  memorable 
 Act,  which  broke  the  Peace  of  the  Church,  and  eftablifhed 
 a  feparation,  mould  ftand  upon  Record ;  Among  thefe  the 
 Earl  of  Clarendon  deferves   the  firfl  Place,    who  was  once 
 for  moderate  Meafures,    but  afterwards  alter'd  his  Conduct 
 (fays  Bifhop  Burnet)  out  of  refpefr.  to  the  Bifhops.     The 
 rethorick  and  Intereff.  of   this  great  Minifler  (fays  Collyer) 
 might  poflibly  make  an  Impreffion  upon   both  Houfes,  and 
 occafion  the  palling  the  A6f.  of  Uniformity  in  the  Condition 
 it  now  (lands ;  he  entertained  the  Prefbyterians  with  Hopes, 
 while  he  was  cutting  away  the  Ground  from  under  their 
 Feet.     Strange !    that  one  and  the  fame  Hand  could  con- 
 fiitently   with  Confcience  and   Honour  draw  up  the  King's 
 Declaration  from  Breda,    and  his  late  Declaration  concer- 
 ning Ecclefiaftical  Affairs,  and  this  fevere  Aft  of  Uniformity. 
 Next  to  Chancellor  Hyde  was  Dr.  Sheldon,    Bifhop  of 
 London,    and   afterwards  Arch-bifhop  of   Canterbury,    of 
 whom  Notice  has  been  already  taken  ;    he  was  a  facetious 
 Man  (fays  Burnet)  but  of  no  great  Religion.      When  the 
 Earl  of  Mancheilier  told  the  King,  he  was  afraid  the  Terms 
 of  Conformity  were  fo  hard  that  many  Alinifters  would  not 
 comply  ;  the  Bifhop  replied,  he  was  afraid  theywould,  *  but 
 "  now  we  know  their  Minds  (fays  he)  we  will  make  them  all 
 **  Knaves  if  they  conform."     And  when  Dr.  Allen  laid,  'tis 
 pity  the  Door,  is  foftxait;  he  anfwer'd,  "  'Tis  no  pity  at 
 "  all ;   if   we   had  thought  fo  many  of    them  would  have 
 *e  conformed  we  would  have  made  it  ilraiter."     And  Mr. 
 Baxter  adds,  That  as  far  as  he  could  perceive  it  was  by  feme 
 defigned  it  fhould  be  fo. 
 
 Next 
 
Chap.  VI.  of  the  Puritans. 
 
 Next  to  Bilhop  Sheldon  was  Bifhop  Morley,  a  pious  Man 
 (fays  Burnet)  but  extreamly  paflionate  and  very  obflinate. 
 Morley  was  thought  the  honefter  Man,  but  Shelden  the 
 abler  Statefman.  To  thefe  may  be  added,  Dr.  Gunning, 
 Bilhop  of  Ely ;  Henchman  of  London;  Dolben  of  Ro-  £°PSJ 
 chefter  ;  Stern  of  York  ;  Pierce,  Sparrow,  and  Barwick, 
 all  Creatures  of  the  Court,  and   Tools  of  the  Prerogative.  The  Pailia- 
 
 But  neither  the  Courtiers  nor  Bifhops  could  have  accom-  ment- 
 plifhed  their  Defigns  without  tampering  with  the  Parlia- 
 ment. Care  was  therefore  taken  of  the  befr.  Speakers,  and 
 Men  of  Influence  among  the  Commons.  The  Parliament  £•  w6- 
 was  undoubtedly  acted  by  a  Spirit  of  Revenge  (fays  Rapin) 
 and  being  of  principles  directly  oppofite  to  the  Prefbyte- 
 rians, who  were  for  reducing  the  royal  Power  within  certain 
 Limits,  they  refolved  to  put  it  out  of  their  Power  for  ever 
 to  reftrain  the  Prerogative,  or  alter  the  Government  of 
 the  Church  ;  and  the  King  being  in  continual  want  of  Mo- 
 ney, was  content  to  Sacrifice  the  Prefbyterians  for  a  large 
 Supply  of  the  Nation's  Money,  efpecially  when  he  knew  he 
 was  ferving  the  Caufe  of  Popery  at  the  fame  time,  by  ma- 
 king Way  for  a  general  Toleration. 
 
 The  Prefbyterian  Minillers  had  but  three  Months  to  con-  Condua  °f 
 
 •  ...         the  Pret- 
 
 fider  what  to  do  with  themfelves,  and  their  Families.  kuterja,,«. 
 There  were  feveral  confutations  both  in  City  and  Country 
 to  know  each  others  Sentiments;  and  it  happen'd  here,  as  it 
 did  afterwards  about  taking  the  Oaths  to  King  William  and 
 Queen  Alary ;  fome  that  peifuaded  their  Brethren  to  diflent, 
 complied  themfelves  and  got  the  others  Livings,  'Tis  not  to 
 be  fuppofed  they  had  all'  the  fame  Scruples.  Bilhop  Kennet 
 fays,  that  renouncing  the  Covenant  was  the  greateit  Obfta-  Cal  Cont' 
 cle  of  conformity  to  the  Prefbyterians.  But  his  Lordfhip  is  p*  47" 
 miftaken  ;  for  if  abjuring  the  Covenant  had  been  omit- 
 ted they  could  not  have  taken  the  Corporation  Oath.  Some- 
 could  not  in  confeience  comply  with  the  very  Form  of  the 
 Hierarchy.  Great  numbers  fcrupled  the  Bufinefs  of  Re- 
 Ordin.uion,  which  implied  a  Renouncing  the  Validity  of 
 their  former  Miniftrations.  But  that  which  the  Diuenters 
 of  all  Denominations  refufed,  was  "  giving  their  Affenc 
 i(  and  Confent  to  all  and  every  thing  contained  in  the  Book 
 *'  of  Common-Prayer."  This  they  apprehended  to  be  more 
 than  was  due  to  any  human  Compofure. 
 
 Mr.  Eachard  reprdents  them  asunder  great  Difficulties  ;  Their  bit 
 "  Some   (fays  he)   were  pofitive  agauift  any  Compliance,  faukies. 
 tl  but  great  Numbers  were  doubtful    and  uncertain,    and 
 "  had  great  Struggles  between  the  Attractions  of  Confeience 
 
 "  and 
 
304  The  H  I  S  T  0  R  Y         Vol.  IV. 
 
 :  and  Honour,  Interefl  and  Humour.     The  Act  was  flxi&ly 
 :  penn'd,  and  pre  fled  hard  upon   late  Principles  and  Prac- 
 tices.  A  continual  Intercourfe  of  Letters  pafied  between 
 thofe  in  the  City,  and  the  reft  in   the  Countries,  how  to 
 "  proceed  in  this  nice  affair.     Sometimes  the  chief  of  them 
 "  were  for  Compliance,    as  I   have  been  aflured  (fays  he) 
 "  by  the  bell  Hands,  and  then  upon  further  Confideration 
 '*  they  changed  their  Minds.     They  were  under  confidera- 
 "  ble  temptations  on  both  Sides ;  on  one  Side  their  Livings 
 "  and  Preferments  were  no  fmall  Inducement  towards  their 
 "*  compliance  ;  on  the  other  Side,  befides  their  Confciences, 
 "   they   were  much  encouraged  by  the  Greatnefsof   their 
 "  Numbers,  and  were  made  to  believe,  that  if  they  unani- 
 *•*  moufly  flood  out  the  Church  mull  come  to  them,  fince 
 
 *'  the  People  would  never  bear  fo  fhocking  a  Change 
 
 "  Befides,  they  had  great  Expectations  from  feveral  Friends 
 **  at  Court,  and  particularly  the  Popifh.  Party,  who  gave 
 "  them  great  Encouragement,  not  only  by  a  promife  of 
 "  pennons  to  fome,  but  alfo  by  a  Toleration,  and  a  fufpen- 
 "  fion  of  the  Aft  itfelf,  which  not  long  after  was  partly 
 "  made  good.  No  doubt  but  the  Non-Compliance  of  fe- 
 '*  veral  proceeded  purely  from  a  tender  Confcienee,  and  in 
 t{  that  Cafe  ought  not  only  to  be  pitied,  but  rather  applau- 
 *'  ded  than  condemned."  Bifliop  Burnet  adds,  that  the 
 Leaders  of  the  Prefbyterian  party  took  great  pains  to  have 
 them  all  flick  together  :  they  faid,  that  if  great  Numbers 
 itood  out  it  was  more  likely  to  produce  new  Laws  in  their 
 Favour ;  fo  it  was  thought  (fays  his  Lordfhip)  that  rnany 
 went  out  in  the  croud  to  keep  their  Friends  company. 
 
 'Tis  poilible  fome  Noblemen,  and  others  who  were  in 
 the  Intereft  of  the  Prefbyterians,  might  advife  them  to 
 flick  by  one  another  ;  but  it  is  hardly  credible,  that  Men  of 
 Abilities  and  good  Senfe  fhould  throw  up  their  Livings, 
 deflroy  their  Ufefulnefs,  and  beggar  their  Families,  for  the 
 fake  of  good  Company. 
 
 Some  of   the  Non  Conformifls  quitted  their  Stations  in 
 
 sh°eme°f.      the  Church  before  the  24th  of  Auguft,  as  Mr.  Baxter,  and 
 
 their  Li-       others,  who  did  it  with  an  Intent  to  let  all  the  Miniflers  o- 
 
 vings.  ver  England  know  their  Refolution  beforehand.     Others  a- 
 
 Baxter*       •jJOut  Lonjon  preached  their  farewel  Sermons  the  Sunday 
 
 part' 11.        before  Bartholomew    Day;    feveral  of    which  were  after- 
 
 p.  3S4.        wards   collected   into    a   Volume,    and  printed   with  their 
 
 Effigies  in   the   Title  Page;    as  the  reverend  Dr.  Manton, 
 
 Bates,  Jacomb,  Calamy,  Matth.  Mead,  and  others.     The 
 
 like  was  done  in  feveral   Counties  of  England;    and  fuch  a 
 
 paflionate, 
 
 'Rs.iia'ks. 
 
Chap.  VI.        of  the  Puritan  s.  305 
 
 paffionate  Zeal  for  the  welfare  of   their  People  ran  through      KinS 
 their  Sermons  as  diffoived  their  Audiences  into  Tears.  "^ 
 
 At  length  the  fatal  St.  Bartholomew  Day  came,  when  a-  i_^« v—«j 
 bout  two-thoufand  quitted  their  preferments  in  the  Church,  M'mifters 
 or  refufed  to  accept  of  any  upon  the  Terms  of    the  Act  of  e^ecl!fl.byr 
 
 TT        ■     -  •  *  '  l"  1  II  1  11       IV   IS    •  1  t''ie    ACt    Of 
 
 Uniformity;  An  example  hardly  to  be  parallel  d  in  the  uniformity, 
 chriftian  World  !  This  raifed  a  grievous  cry  over  the  Nation, 
 for  here  were  many  Men  much  valued  (fays  Bifhop  Burnet)  p.  185.  132. 
 and  diftinguifhed  by  their  Abilities  and  Zeal,  now  caft  out 
 ignominouily,  reduced  to  great  poverty,  provoked  by  much 
 fpiteful  Ufage,  and  caft  upon  thofe  popular  practifes,  which 
 both  their  Principles  and  their  circumftances  feemed  to  juf- 
 tify,  of  forming  feparate  congregations,  and  of  diverting 
 Men  from  the  publick  worfhip.  This  begot  efteem,  and 
 raifed  companion,  as  having  a  fair  appearance  of  fuffering 
 perfecution  for  confeience.  Mr.  Locke  calls  them  worthy, 
 learned,  pious,  orthodox  Divines,  who  did  not  throw  them- 
 felves  out  of  fervice,  but  were  forcibly  ejected.  Nor  were 
 they  caft  outbecaufe  there  was  a  Supply  ofMinifters  to  carry 
 on  the  Work  of  Religion,  for  there  was  room  for  the  em- 
 ployment of  more  Hands,  if  they  were  to  be  had. 
 
 At  the  Reformation    from  Popery  by  Queen  Elizabeth  Their  Hard- 
 there   were  not  above   two  hundred  deprived  of  their  Liv-  fliips greater 
 ings  ;    befides,   they  were  treated  with  great  mildnefs,  and  than  the  Pa- 
 had  fome  Allowances  out  of    the   Church,    whereas  thefe  Reforamla_e 
 were  treated  with  the  utmoft  Severity,    being  caft  entirely  tion. 
 upon  Providence  to  beg  or  ftarve,    or  get  their  Bread  how 
 they  could.     They  were  driven  from  their  Houfes,  from  the 
 Society  of    their  Friends  ;    and  what  was  yet  more  killing, 
 from  all  their  Ufefulnefs,  tho'  they  had  merited  much  of  the 
 King,  and  laboured  indefatigably  for  his  Rertoration.     The 
 former  were  Men  of  another  Faith,    and  owned  a    foreign 
 Head  of  the  Church  ;  whereas  thefe  were  of  the  fame  Faith 
 with   the  eftablifhed   Church,  and  differ'd  only  about  Rites 
 and  Ceremonies.     It  has    been  faid,    that  greater  numbers 
 were  ejected  in  the  late  Times  upon  the  Foot  of  the  Cove- 
 nant ;  but  if  this  were  true,  it  was  in  a  time  of  War,  when 
 the  civil' and  Religious  Differences  between   the  King  and 
 Parliament  were  fo  intermix'd,  that  it  was  impoffible  to  fe- 
 parate one  from  the  other ;    the  whole  Nation  was  in  confu- 
 fion,  and  thofe  that  fuffered  by  the  Covenant  fuffered  more 
 for  their  Loyalty,    than  their  Religion  ;    for  when  the  War 
 was  over  the  covenant  was  relaxed,    and  fuch  as  would  live 
 peaceably  returned  to  their  vacant  Cures,  or  were  admitted 
 to  others. 
 
 Vol.  IV.  U  Befides 
 
306  The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y         Vol.  IV. 
 
 Kiig  Befides,    the  Ingratitude  of    the  high  Churchmen  upon 
 
 Chai66  tms  Occa^,on  ought  to  be  taken  notice  of.  "  Who  can  an- 
 \_— ,  -  i_j  "  fwer  for  the  Violence  and  Injuftice  of  Actions  in  a  civil 
 And  than  "  War  (fays  a  divine  of  the  Church  of  England  ?)  Thofe 
 the  L  yahfts  a  Sufferings  were  in  a  time  of  general  calamity,  but  thefe 
 of  the  Civil  "  were  ejected  not  only  in  a  time  of  Peace,  but  a  time  of  • 
 War  "  Joy  to  all  the  Land,  and  after  an  AS:  of  Oblivion,  when 
 
 £°MP'ea'    "  a^  Preten<^ed  to  be  reconciled  and  made  Friends,    and  to 
 Conform.      "  whofe   common    rejoicings  thefe  fuffering  Minifters  had 
 p.  iz.  13.     "  contributed  their  earneft  prayers  and  great  Endeavours/* 
 Another  Divine  of  the  fame  Church  writes,  "  I  muft  own 
 "  that  in  my  Judgment,  however  both  fides  have  been  ex- 
 .  "  ceflively  to   blame,    yet   that  the  Severities  ufed  by  the 
 "  Church  to  the  Diffenters  are  lefs  excufable  than    thofe 
 "  ufed  by  the  Diflenters  to  the  Church.     My  reafonis,  that 
 "  the  former   were  ufed  in  times  of    peace,    and  a  fettled 
 "  Government,  whereas  the  latter  were  inflicted  in  a  time 
 "  of  tumult  and  confufion ;  fo  that  the  plunderings  and  ra- 
 "  vagings  endured  by   the  Church  Minifters,    were  owing 
 V  (many  of  them  at  leaft)   to  the  rudenefs  of    the  Soldiers, 
 "  and  the  chances  of    War  ;    they  were  plunder'd  not  be- 
 "  caufe  they  were  Conformifts,   but  Cavaliers,  and  of  the 
 *'  King's  party.     The  Allowing  of    the    fequefter'd  Mini- 
 "  fters  a  fifth  part  of  their  Livings  was  a  ChrHlian  Act,  and 
 "  what,    I  confefs,     I  fhould  have  been  glad  to  have  feen 
 "  imitated  at  the   Reftoration.     But   no    Mercy  was  to  b« 
 *{  fhewn  to  thefe  unhappy  fufferers,    tho'  it  was  impoflible 
 <l  on  a  fudden  to    fill  up  the  Gap  that  was  made  by  their 
 "  Removal. 
 Bifhop  Burnet  fays,  the  old  Clergy,  now  much  enriched, 
 Difficulty  of  were  defpifed,    but  the  young  Clergy  that  came  from  the 
 filling  the      Univerfity  did  good  Service.     But  tho'  all  the  ftriplings  in 
 
 Vacancies.      .  _f   . J      _  .«  .  ,  t  ■    • 
 
 both  Umverlities  were  employed,  a  great  many  poor  Livings 
 in  the  Country  had  no  Incumbents  for  a  confiderable  Time. 
 The  Author  of  The  five  Groans  of  the  Church,  a  very 
 ftri£t.  conformiit,  complains  with  great  warmth,  of  above 
 three  thoufand  Minifters  admitted  into  the  Church  who 
 were  unfit  to  teach  becaufe  of  their  youth;  of  fifteen 
 hundred  debauched  Men  ordained ;  of  the  Ordination  of 
 many  illiterate  Men  ;  of  one  thoufand  three  hundred  forty 
 two  factious  Minifters  a  little  before  ordained  ;  and  that  of 
 twelve  thoufand  Church  Livings,  or  thereabouts,  three- 
 thoufand  or  more  being  impropriate,  and  four  thoufand  one 
 hundred  fixty  five  Sine  Cures,  there  was  but  a  poor  remainder 
 left  for  a  painful  and  honeft  Miniftry. 
 
 Such 
 
Chap.  VI.       of  the  P  u  R  i  T  a  n  s. 
 
 Such  were  the  fpoils  of   Uniformity !    And  though  Mr. 
 Eachard  fays,    there  was  more  fenfe  and  found  Doctrine 
 preached  in  one  twelve  months  after    the  Prefbyterian  Mi- 
 nisters were  turned  out,   than  in  nigh  twenty  years  before  ;  Companion 
 yet  another  Church  writer,  who  knew  them  better,  calls  the  o^™^^ 
 young  Clergy  "  florid  and  gentile  preachers,  of  a  more  ro-  Preachers. 
 '  mantick  than  true  majeflick  and  divine  Stile,  who  tickled  c°nf-  P1«a» 
 '  and  captivated  people  at  firft,  but  did  little  fervice  to  the  p^£  a^ 
 '  Souls  of  Men,  and  in  procefs  of   time  had  fewer  Admi-  p.  53. 
 c  rers  and  Friends  than  at  firft "  He  adds,    "  That  in 
 
 *  the  late  Times  they  all  fpeak  the  fame  Things,  and  car- 
 e  ried  on  the  fame  Work,  which  was  the  Inlfxuciion,  Con- 
 1  verfion,  Confolation,  and  Edification  of  Souls,  not  biting 
 '  at  one  another.    I  never  heard  (fays  he)  in  many  hundreds 
 
 *  of  Sermons,  Diverfities  of  opinions  either  fet  up  by  fome 
 
 *  or  pulled  down  by  others ;    we  heard    indeed  that   fome 
 
 *  were  Independants,  others  Prefbyterians,  and  others  Epif- 
 '  copal,    but    we   heard  no  fuch   things  from   the  pulpits. 
 
 Some  men  think  that  the  preaching  of  thofe  Days  was 
 meer  fanaticifm,  bleffing  the  Ufurpation,  railing  againfl 
 Bifhops,  or  deifying  Calvin  with  an  Infallibility  ;  but 
 Calvin  was  preached  no  farther  than  Chrift  fpeak  in  him; 
 Non  Calvinum  fed  Chriftum  prcedicabant." 
 The  truth  of  this  Obfervation  will  appear  further,  by 
 mentioning  the  Names  of  fome  of  thofe  Minifters,  whofe 
 Learning  and  Piety  were  univerfally  acknowledged,  and 
 who  were  capable  of  preaching  and  writing  as  good  Senfei 
 and  to  as  good  purpofe,  as  any  of  their  Succeffors  ;  as  Dr. 
 Gilpin,  Bates,  Manton,  Jacomb,  Owen,  Goodwin,  Collins, 
 Conant,  Grew,  Burgefs,  and  Annefly  ;  Mr.  Bowles,  Baxter, 
 Clarkfon,  Woodbridge,  Newcomen,  Calamy,  Jackfon,  Pool, 
 Caryl,  Charnock,  Gouge,  Jenkins,  Gale,  Corbet,  Cra- 
 dock,  Matth.  Mead,  Howe,  Kentifh,  Alfop,  Vincent, 
 Greenhill,  S.  Clark,  Flavel,  Phil.  Henry,  and  others  of 
 like  Character,  "  whom  I  have  heard  vilified,  and  repre-  9onS'  ^lea' 
 **  fented  according  to  the  Fancies,  Paffions,  or  Interefts  of  pau.I." 
 "  Men  (fays  a  learned  Conforming  but  I  dare  not  but  be  juft 
 "  to  them,  as  to  eminent  ProfefTors  of  the  Chriftian  Faith,  and 
 "  think  that  common  chriftianity  has  fuffered  much  by  their 
 "  filencing  and  difparagement.  A  great  part  of  the 
 "  World  is  made  to  believe,  that  the  Non-Conformifts  are 
 "  not  fit  to  be  employed  in  the  Church,  nor  trufted  by 
 **  the  State ;    but  what  they   are  God  knows,     and  the 
 
 U  2  "  World 
 
308  The   HISTORY  Vol.  IV. 
 
 King       i'  World  may  know,  if  they  pleafe  to  confult  their  writings 
 
 ch^rl"  f      "  They  are  not  to  them  that  know  them,  what  they 
 
 "  are  reported  by  them  that  know  them  not 1  know 
 
 "  them  fufficiently  to  make  me  bewail  their  condition,  md 
 "  the  vaft  damage  to  thoufands  of  fouls  by  their  exclulion, 
 "  not  only  in  the  out-fkirts,  but  in  the  very  heart  of 
 "  England,  who  are  committed  in  many  parts  lo-them  that 
 "  neither  en  nor  will  promote  their  evetlafiing  interefts." 
 Upon  the  whole,  tho'  I  do  not  apprehend  that  all  the  ejected 
 Minifters,  were  equally  learned,  pious,  and  deferving,  yet 
 upon  a  calm  and  fedate  view  of  things  I  can't  help  conclu- 
 ding,thatin  the  main  they  were  a  body  of  as  eminent  Confeflbrs 
 for  truth  and  liberty  as  this  or  any  other  Nation  has  produced. 
 The  Condi-  Many  complied  with  the  terms  of  conformity,  not  becaufe 
 ithera  *ney  u^ed  trieni>   but  f°r  trie  lake  of  their  families,  or  becaufe 
 
 they  wee  unwilling  to  be  buried  in  filence,  as  Bifhop 
 Reynolds,  Wilkin?,  Hopkins,  Fowler,  &c.  Several  young 
 Students,  who  were  defigned  for  the  pulpit,  applied  them- 
 felves  to  Law  or  Phyfick,  or  diverted  to  fome  fecular  em- 
 K.  Chron.  -plovment.  Bifhop  Kennet,  in  order  to  extenuate  their  cala- 
 1).  8iS  &c.  mities,  lias  taken  pains  to  point  out  the  favours  the  ejected 
 Miniflers  received  from  private  perfons :  Some  (fays  he) 
 found  friends  among  the  Nobility  and  Gentry,  who  relieved 
 their  nccef.ities;  home  were  taken  as  Chaplains  into  good  fa- 
 milies, c  r  officiated  in  hofptals,  prifons,  or  chapels  of  eafe  ; 
 fome  became  tutors,  or  fchool  mafrers  ;  fome  who  went  be-  • 
 yond  fea  were  well  received  in  foreign  parts;  fome  became 
 eminent  Phyficians  and  Lawyers;  fome  bad  good  eftates  of 
 their  own,  and  others  married  great  fortunes  :  But  what  is 
 this  to  the  Church  or  Legiflature,  who  would  have  deprived 
 them  of  thefe  retreats  ir  it  had  been  in  their  power  r  The 
 Bifhop  adds,  "  Therefore  we  do  ill  to  charge  the  Church 
 "  with  perfecution,  when  the  laws  were  made  bv  the  Civil 
 "  Government  with  a  view  to  rhe  peace  and  fafety  of  the 
 "  State,  rather  than  to  any  honour  or  intereftof  the  Church." 
 It  feems  therefore  the  load  of  perfecution  muft  lie  wholly 
 upon  the  Legiflature  :  But  had  the  Bifnops  and  other  Church- 
 men no  hand  in  this  affair  ?  Did  they  not  pufh  the  civil  Go- 
 vernment upon  thefe  extremities,  and  not  only  concur,  but 
 prof  ecu te  the  penal  Laws,  with  unrelenting  rigor  throughout 
 the  greater!  part  of  this  Reign  ?  T"iie  Church  and  State  are 
 laid  to  be  fo  blended  together  as  to  make  but  one  Conitituti- 
 on,  and  the  penal  Laws  are  fhifted  from-one  to  the  other  till 
 they  are  quite  loft;  whereas  in  reality  both  are  criminal  :  But 
 the  Church  can't  be  charg'd   with  perfecution,    becaufe   it 
 
 makes 
 
Chap. 
 
 >.  VI.        of  the  Puritans. 
 
 makes  no  laws;  nor  can  the  civil  Government  be  charged 
 wit.'  it,  becaufe  it  makes  them  not  agaiiift  coafcience,  but 
 with  a  view  to  the  fefefy  of  the  State;  with  fuch  idle 
 fophifms  are  men  to  be  amufed,  when  'tis  to  cover  a 
 reproach  ! 
 
 Dr.  Bates  fays,  "  they  [the  Minilers]  fell  a  facrifice  to 
 "  the  wrath  and  revenge  of  the  old  Clergy,  and  to  the  fer-  Account, 
 "  vile  compliance  of  the  young  gentry  with  the  Court,  and  Fun  Serm. 
 *4  their  diftafte  of  ferious  Religion.  That  this  is  no  rafh  for  Mr- 
 "  imputation  upon  the  ruling  Clergy  is  evident  (fays  the 
 "  Dodtor)  not  only  from  their  concurrence  in  pafling  thefe 
 "  laws  (for  actions  have  a  language  as  convincing  as  thofeof 
 "  words)  but  from  Dr.  Sheldon  their  great  La  ler,  who  ex- 
 "  prefled  his  fears  to  the  Earl  of  Manchester,  led  the  Prefby- 
 *'  terians  fnould  comply.  The  Adt  was  pafled  after  the 
 *'  King  had  engaged  his  faith  and  honour  in  his  declaration 
 "  from  Breda  to  preferve  liberty  of  confeience  inviolable  ; 
 "  which  promile  opened  the  way  for  his  Reftoration,  and  af  • 
 "  ter  the  Royalifrs  had  given  publick  aflurance,  that  all 
 61  former  animofities  fhould  be  laid  afideas  rubbifh  under  the 
 "  fotindation  of  univerfal  concord." 
 
 Sad  were  the  calamities  of  far  the  greater  part  of  thefe  un-  Sufferings 
 happy  fufferers,  who  with  their  families  muft  have  perifhed,  oftheejetfed 
 if  private  collections   in   London,   and   other  places    of  the  k"^"" 
 Country,  had  not  been -made  for   their  fubfiftence.     Bifhop  83S.  p.  192. 
 Burnet  fays,  they  caft  themfelves  on  the  providence  of  God, 
 and  the  charity  of  friends,  the  Legiflature  not  allowing  them 
 fo    much   as   the     fifths.     The   Reverend  and    Pious    Mr. 
 Thomas  Gouge,  late  of  ?t.   Sepulchres,  wa?  their  advocate, 
 who  with  two  or  threeof  his  brethren  made  frequent  applica- 
 tion to  feveral  v  ortny  Citizens,  of  whom  they  received  con- 
 fiderable  fums  of  money  for  fome  years,   tiii  that  charity  was 
 diverted    into  anotiier  ch.nnel ;    but    ncverthtlefs,   "   many 
 t4  hundreds  of  them  (according  to  Mr.   Baxter)  with  their  Mr.  Baxter's 
 "  wives  and  ch  ldren  had  neither  houfe  nor  bread  ;  ;he  people  Account. 
 Af  tbty  left  were  not  able  to  relieve  them,  nor  durff,   they  if 
 **  they  had  been  able,  becaufe  it  would  have  been  called  a 
 u   maintenance  of  (chifm  or  .action.     Many  of  the  Minifters 
 "  being  afraid  to  lay  down  their  Miniflry    after  they    had 
 v<   been  crdained  to  it,   preached  to  fuch  as  would  hear  them, 
 '*   In  fields  and  private  houfes,  till  they  were  apprehended  and 
 
 "  caft  into  goals,    where  many   of  them   perifhed 
 
 u  The  people  were   no  lefs  divided,  fome  conformed,  and 
 
 "  others  v/ere  driven  to  a  greater  difiance  from  the  Church, 
 
 "  and  refolved  to  abide  by  their  faithful  Paftors  at  all  Events: 
 
 U  3  "  They 
 
3io  The  HISTORY  Vol.  IV. 
 
 e 
 
 Kl"S        "  They   murmured  at    the  Government,   and   called    th 
 1662.        "  Bifnops   and  conforming  Clergy  cruel   perfecutors  ;  for 
 
 \_ ,— y — .^  "  which,  and  for  their  frequenting  the  private  aflemblies  of 
 "  their  Minifters,  they  were  fined  and  imprifoned,  till  ma- 
 "  ny  families  left  their  native  Country,  and  fettled  in  the 
 "  plantations." 
 
 Other  The  Prefbyterian  Minifters,   tho'  men  of  gravity,  and  far 
 
 advanced  in  years,  were  rallied  in  the  pulpits  under  the  op- 
 probrious names  of  Schifmaticks  and  Fanaticks ;  they  were 
 
 Part  IV.        expoft  d  in   the  play-houfe,   and  infulted  by  the  mob,    info- 
 
 P#4°«  much  that  they  were  obliged   to  lay  afide  their  habits  and 
 
 walk  in  difguife.  "  Such  Mag.ftrates  were  put  into  corn- 
 "  million  as  executed  the  peal  laws  with  feverity.  Inform- 
 "  ers  were  encouraged  and  rewarded.  It  is  impoffible  (fays 
 "  the  Conformilt's  Plea  for  the  Non-Conformift)  to  relate 
 <£  the  number  of  the  fufferings  both  of  Minifters  and  people; 
 "  the  great  trials,  with  hardlhips  upon  their  perfons,  eftates, 
 "  and  families,  by  uncomfortable  feparations,  difperfions, 
 (f*  unfettiements  and  removes ;  dilgraces,  rej  roaches,  im- 
 (*  pnfonments,  chargeable  journies,  expences  in  law,  te- 
 ft  diuus  ficknefLs,  and  incurable  difeafes  ending  in  death  ; 
 "  great  difquietments  and  frights  to  the  wives  and  families, 
 
 "  and  their  doleful  effects  upon  them Their  congre- 
 
 "  gations  had  enough  to  do,  befides  a  fmall  maintenance,  to 
 te  help  them  out  of  prifons,  or  maintain  them  there. 
 *'  Tho'  they  were  as  frugal  as  poffible  they  could  hardly  live; 
 "  fome  lived  on  little  more  than  brown  bread  and  water  j 
 f*  many  had  but  eight  or  ten  pounds  a  year  to  maintain  a 
 \S  family,  fo  that  a  piece  of  flefh  has  not  come  to  one  of 
 "  their  tanks  in  fix  weeks  time  ;  their  allowance  could 
 "  fcarce  afford  them  bread  and  cheefe.  One  went  to  the 
 "  plow  fix  days  and  preached  on  the  Lord's  Day.     Another 
 
 Ibid.  Part      **  was  forced  to  cut  tobacco  for  a  livelihood The  zea- 
 
 IV.  p.  43.  t<  jolls  J.jfijces  0f  peace  knew  the  calamities  of  the  Minifters, 
 <c  when  thev  iiTued  out  warrants  upon  fome  of  the  hearers, 
 "  becaufe  of  the  poverty  of  the  Preachers.  Out  of  »efpe6t 
 "  to  the  worth  and  modefty  of  fome  of  them  (fays  my 
 <s  author)  I  forbear  their  names."  Upon  thefe  foundations, 
 and  with  thefe  circumflanccs,  was  the  prefeht  Conftituti- 
 011  of  the  Church  of  England  reftored.  I  fhall  make  no 
 further  remarks  upon   it,  but  freely  leave  it  to  the  cenfure 
 
 Death  of       of  the  Reader. 
 
 Mr.  Ley,  Among  the  Prefbyterian  Divines  that  died  this  year  was 
 
 Vol.  ir.X"       Mr.   John  Ley,  M.  A.  born  at  Warwick,   Feb.  4.    1583. 
 
 p.  190.         and  educated  in  Cbrift  Church  Oxford,  where  he  took  the 
 
 degrees 
 
Chap.  VI.        of  the  Puritans.  311 
 
 degrees  in  arts,  and  was  prefented  to  the  living  of  Great  King  1 
 Budworth  in  Chefhire.  He  was  afterwards  Prebendary  of  Char6"2 IL 1 
 Cheffer,  and  Subdean  and  Clerk  of  the  convocation  once  or  ■_—  —  _f 
 twice.  In  the  year  1641.  he  took  part  with  the  Parliament, 
 was  one  of  theailembly  of  Divines,  Chairman  of  the  Com- 
 mittee for  examination  of  Minifters,*and'  Prefident  of  S;on 
 College,  In  the  year  1645.  he  fucceeded  Dr.  Hyde  in  the 
 rich  parfonage  of  Brightwell,  Eerks.  In  1653.  '"e  was  one 
 of  the  Tryers,  and  at  length  obtained  the  Rectory  of  Goly- 
 hull,  in  Com.  Warw.  but  having  broken  a  vein  by  o^er- 
 ftraining  himfelf  in  fpeaking,  he  refigned  his  living,  and  re- 
 tired to  Sutton  Colfield,  where  he  died,  May  16.  <  662.  in  the 
 feventy  ninth  year  of  his  age.  He  was  a  very  learned  perfon, 
 well  read  in  the  Fathers  and  Councils,  a  popular  preacher,  a 
 pious  and  devout  Chriftian,  and  one  of  the  main  pillars  (fays 
 Mr.  Wood)  of  the  Prefbyterian  caufe. 
 
 Mr.  Henry  Jeanes,  M.  A.  was  born  in  Somerfetfhire  aboutof  Mr' 
 the  year  161 1.  and  educated  i.i  New  Inn,  and  afterwards  'm^eAaes* 
 Hart  Hall,    Oxon,  where  he  took  the  degrees  in  arts,  and 
 enter'd  into  Holy  Orders.     He  was  an  admired  Preacher  in 
 the  Univerfky,  and  was  quickly  preferr'd  to  the  Reclory    of 
 Beercrocomb,  and  the  vicarage  of  Kingffon  in  Somerfetlhire. 
 
 In  the  year  1641.  he  clofed  with  the  Parliament,  and  be- 
 came Rector  of  Chedfey  near  Bridgewater.  Here  he  took  in- 
 to his  family  feveral  young  perfons,  and  inftrucled  them  in 
 the  liberal  arts  and  fciences ;  he  was  a  mod  excellent  philofo- 
 pher,  a  noted  metaphyfician,  and  well  verfed  in  polemical 
 Divinity.  With  all  thefe  qualifications  (fays  Mr.  Wood)  he 
 was  a  cunremner  of  the  woiid,  generous,  fr^e-hearted,  jolly, 
 witty  and  facetious.  He  writ  many  books,  and  died  in  the 
 City  of  Wells  a  little  before  the  fatal  day  of  St.  Bartholomew, 
 and  was  buried  in  the  Cathedral  Church  there.     Otitis  52. 
 
 Dr.  Humphrey  Chambers  was  born  in  Somerfetfhire,  andofDr 
 educated  in  Univerhty  College,  Oxon.  In  the  year  162?.  Chambeii. 
 hewas  made  Rector  of  Claverton  in  Somerfetfhire,  but  was  af- 
 terwards filenced  bv  his  diocefan,  Biihop  Piers,  for  preachino- 
 up  the  morality  of  the  Sabbath,  and  imprifor.ed  for  two  years. 
 He  was  one  of  the  aflembly  of  Divines.  In  the  year  164.S. 
 he  was  created  D.  D.  and  had  the  rich  Reciory  of  Peufey 
 given  him  by  the  Earl  of  Pembrook.  After  the  King's  Re- 
 ftoration  he  kept  his  living  till  the  very  day  the  Act  of  Uni- 
 formity took  place,  when  having  preached  bis  farewel  Sei- 
 mon  on  Pfal.  exxvi.  6.  he  went  home,  fell  fick  and  died,  and 
 was  buried  in  his  Church  at  Peufey,  bept.  8.  without  the  Ser- 
 vice of  theChuich,  which  had  juft  then  taken  place. 
 
 U  4  Mr« 
 
3i2  ThcHISTORY         Vol.  IV. 
 
 ^ingTI        Mr-    Simeon   Afh    was  educated  in    Emanuel   College, 
 1662.      Cambridge.     His   firft   employment  in  the  Church  was  in 
 v__— v— J  Staffordshire,  where  he    contracted   an    acquaintance  with 
 Of  Mr.Alh.  the  moft  eminent  Puritans.     He  was  difplaced  from  his  living 
 for  refuting  to  read  the  Book  of  Sports,  and  not  conforming 
 to  the  Ceremonies  of  the  Church.     After  fume  time  he  got 
 liberty  to  preach  in  an  exempt  Church  at  Wroxhall,  under 
 the  protection  of  Sir  John  Burgoign  -,  andelfewhere,  under 
 the  Lord  Bri-ok,  in  Wai  wickfhire.     Upon  the  breaking  out  of 
 the  civil  War  he  becameChaplain  to  the  Earl  of  Manchefter, 
 and  had  a  confiderable  part  in  the  Cambridge  vifitation.     Af- 
 ter the  King's  Death  he  vigoroufly  oppofed  the  new  Com- 
 monwealth, and  declaimed  publicldv  againft  the  Engagement. 
 He  was  concerned  in  all  the  deiigns  for  bringing  in  the  King, 
 and  went  with  other  London  Divines  to  congratulate  his  Ma- 
 jefly  at  Breda.     He  was  a  Chriftian  of  primitive  fimplicky, 
 and  a  Non-Conformift  of  the  old  ftamp,  being  eminently 
 fn.cere,  charitable,  holy,  and  of  a  chearful  fpirit.     He  had  a 
 good  paternal  eft.ite,  and  was  very  hofpitabie,  his  houfe  being 
 much  frequented  by  his  brethren,  by  whom  he  was  highly 
 cfleemed.     He  died  in  an  advanced  age  on  the  very  evening 
 before  Bathulomew  Day,  in  a  chearful  and  firm  expectation 
 of  a  future  happinefs. 
 Of  Mr.  Mr.  Edward   Bowles,  M.  A.  born  16 13.  and  educated  in 
 
 Edward  Katherine  Hall,  Cambridge,  under  Dr.  Sibbes  and  Dr. 
 Brownrigg.  He  was  firft  Chaplain  to  the  Earl  of  Manchefter, 
 and  upon  the  reduction  of  York  to  the  Parliament  fettled  in 
 that  City.  He  was  a  wife  and  prudent  man,  having  a  clear 
 head  and  a  warm  heart ;  an  excellent  Scholar,  and  an  ufeail 
 Pre.cher.  He  attended  Lord  Fairfax  when  General  Monk 
 nafs'd  thio'  Yorkshire,  and  presented  an  addrefs  to  the  Gene- 
 ral for  a  free  Parliament.  He  was  very  zealous  and  aclive  in 
 rhe  afFan-  of  the  King's  Reftoration,  and  waited  on  his  Ma- 
 jeftv  with  Lord  Fairfax  at  Breda.  '  Lis  credibly  reported  that 
 the  Deaniy  of  York  was  offered  him,  but  not  being  fat.sfied 
 with  Conformity,  he  was  firft  excluded  the  Minder,  but  con- 
 tinued preaching  at  All-hallows,  and  afterwards  at  St.  Mar- 
 tins, as  he  had  opportunity  When  the  fatal  Bartholomew 
 Day  approac-hed  he  £rew  lick  of  the  times,  and  died  in  the 
 rower  of  his  life,  aged  forty  nine,  and  was  buried  on  the  Eve 
 of  St.  Bartholomew,  1662. 
 
 CHAP. 
 
Chap.  VII.      of  the  Puritans.  313 
 
 CHAP.    VII. 
 
 From  the  A61  of  Uniformity  to  rhe  banilhment  of  the  Earl  of 
 Clarendon  in  the  year  1667. 
 
 AT  this  time,  fay?  Bifhon  Burnet,  the  name  of  Puritans       Ki 
 was  changed  into  that  of  Proteftant-Non-Conformifts,  Charles  II. 
 who  were  fubdivided  into  Prcfbyterians,   Independants,  Ana-       l662- 
 baptifts,  and  Quakers ;  thefe  being  {hut  out  of  the  Eftablifh-  h""""v"r"^ 
 ment  had  nothing  now  in  view   but  a  toleration,  which  the  the  feveral 
 credulous    Prefbyrerians  faid  they   had  irrong  affurances  of  Parties. 
 before  the   Acl  of  Uniformity  pafTed   ii.to  a  Law  ,    but  in  ^thp 
 this  they  were  difappointed  as  well  as  in  every  thing  elfe  ;  for  formirts. 
 which  the  Independants  told  them  they  might  thank  them- 
 felves,  becaufe  their  managers  had  protefted  againft  including 
 the  Papifts,  whereas  the  Legiflature   and  the  hifhops  were  to 
 look  to  them,  but  it  was  none  of  their  bufinefs.     Some  ob-  Burn€t 
 ferving  how  much  the  Court  and  Parliament  were  fet  againft  p.  193.' 
 them,  were  for  fettling  in  Holland  with  their  Miniflers;  and 
 others  propofed  New  England  ;  but  the  Papifts  at  a  meeting 
 at  the  Earl   of  Briftol's  houfe,   agreed  to   do  whatever  they 
 could  to  keep  the  Non-Conformifts  in  England,  and  buoy 
 them  up  with  hopes  of  a  toleration. 
 
 The  King  was  a  concealed  Roman  Catholick,  and  had  f ,  . 
 fwarms  of  thofe  creatures  about  his  perfon  and  Court,  amj  court, 
 who  had  fought  for  his  father  in  the  wars,  or  been  civil 
 to  him  in  his  exile  ;  their  defign  was  to  introduce  a  to- 
 leration of  their  Religion,  by  the  Royal  indulgence,  in 
 common  with  other  DilTenters  from  the  Eftabliihment ;  and 
 the  King  was  fo  far  in  their  meafures  that  he  declared  openly, 
 He  would  give  liberty  to  all  or  none.  The  Couit  was  there- 
 fore content  that  the  Act  of  Uniformity  mould  pafs  in  the 
 fevereft  terms,  on  purpofe  to  make  the  numbers  of  DilTen- 
 ters more  confiderable  ;  and  when  this  was  objected, 
 it  was  replied,  the  more  DilTenters  the  better,  becaufe 
 it  will  make  a  Toleration  more  necelTary,  in  which 
 the  Papifts  will  have  a  fhare.  The  Papifls  had  two  Max-  Burneu 
 ims  from  which  they  never  departed;  one  was,  "  to 
 "  keep  themfelves  united,  and  promote  a  general  Tole- 
 "  ration, or  a  genetal  Profecution.  The  other,  "To  divide 
 **  the  Proteftants  as  much  as  poflible  among  themfelves."  For 
 this  reafon  the  fword  was  put  into  the  Hands  of  fuch 
 Magiftrates  as  would  inflame  the  differences,  and' exafperate 
 
 their 
 
3H  The  HISTORY       Vol.  IV. 
 
 King        their  fpirits  one  againft  the  other.    Nor  were  there  wanting 
 1*562.  '    fome  hot-headed    young  Clergymen,    who    run    greedily 
 
 •_  ■  -i«f  mto  the  faare,  and  became  the  Tools  of  Popery  and  arbi- 
 trary power,  till  the  Protectant  Religion  was  expiring, 
 and  muft  inevitably  have  been  loft,  if  it  had  not  been 
 refcued  almoft  by  a  miracle.  With  a  like  view  the  laws 
 againft  prophanenefs  and  immorality  were  relaxed,  Mens 
 Morals  were  neglected,  Interludes,  Maf-juerades,  promif- 
 cuous  Dancing,  prophane  Swearing,  Drunkennefs,  and 
 an  unufual  diflblution  of  Manner-,  was  connived  at, 
 and  the  very  Name  of  Godlinefs  became  a  Reproach. 
 The  Parliament  being  made  up  of    a  mercenary  Set   of 
 
 iiiment  ""  Penfi°ners  went  into  all  the  Court  Meafures,  and  made 
 more  Penal  Laws  for  Religion,  than,  it  may  be,  all  the 
 Parliaments  put  together  fince  the  Reformation.  They 
 parTed  the  Act  of  Uniformity  with  unrelenting  rigour, 
 and  enforced  it  with-fo  many  other  Penal  Laws,  that  under 
 their  wings  Popery  grew  to  fuch  a  height  as  to  threaten  the 
 extripation  of  the  Northern  Herefy.  At  length  many 
 of  the  members  being  dead,  and  others  grown  fat  with 
 the  fpoils  of  the  Publick,  they  would  have  retrieved  their 
 errors,  and  diftinguifhed  between  Proteftant  Non-Confor- 
 i-niffs  and  Popifh  Recufants,  but  it  was  too  late;  and  the 
 King  having  found  ways  and  means  to  live  without  Pa:lia- 
 ments,  refolved  ro  abide  by  his  (landing  Maxim.  To  give 
 Eafe  to  all  DiiTenters  or  to  none. 
 
 r*  o  'Tis   impoffible  to   excufe  the  Clergy  from  their  fhare  in 
 
 the  troubles  of  this  reign.  If  the  Convocation  of  1662. 
 in  their  review  of  the  Liturgy,  had  made  any  amendments 
 for  the  relief  of  the  Prefbyteiians,  they  would  undoubt- 
 edly have  paiTed  both  houfes  of  Parliament,  and  healed  in 
 fome  mcafure  the  divifions  of  the  Church  ;  but  they  were 
 full  of  revenge,  and  not  only  promoted  the  enacting  fuch 
 laws  as  mi^htput  it  out  of  the  power  of  the  Prefbyterians 
 to  hurt  them  f  r  the  future  ;  but  afii'ted  in  putting  them  in 
 execution.  None  had  a  greater  fhare  in  inflaming  the 
 minds  of  the  people,  and  in  founding  the  trumpet  to  per- 
 fection. But  here  the  Reader  muft  diftinguifh  between 
 thefe  furious  Zealots,  who  from  refentment,  or  other  pri- 
 vate views,  fet themfehes  to  encourage  and  promote  all  the 
 methods  of  Opprefllon  and  Tyranny  j  and  thofe,  wh® 
 though  they  complied  with  the  times,  were  for  an  accom- 
 modation with  the  Proteftant  Non-Conformifts  upon  mode- 
 rate terms. 
 
 The 
 
.VII.        of  the  Puritans.  315 
 
 Chap 
 
 The  Bifhops  were   generally  of    the   former  fort ;  they      Kins 
 were  old  and  peevifh,  fond  of    their  perfecuting  Principles,       l66 
 and   fearful  of    every    Thing  that  tended  to    relieve     the  v_— v— —J 
 Prefbyterians.      They  went  with  zeal   into  all   the  flavifh  TheBifliops. 
 doctrines    of    the  Prerogative,    and  voted  with  the  Court  in 
 every  thing   they    requireu  ;     nay,  they  pu(hed    them   for- 
 ward   to  execute  the  penal  laws  againft   the   Prefbyterians 
 with  nnrelenting   rigour.     But  even  fome  of  thefe  Bifhops, 
 who  had   been  very  zealous  to  throw  the  Prefbyterians  out 
 of    the   Church,    afterwards   grew   more  temperate ;    Dr. 
 Laney,    Bifhop  of   Peterborough   who   made  a  great  buftle 
 in  the  Savoy   Conference,     was    willing;  afterwards  to  wipe 
 his    hands  of     the  dirty  Work,    and    (to  ufe  his  own  Ex- 
 preffion)  could  look  through  his  fingers,  and  fuffer  a  worthy 
 Non-Conformift   to   preach    publickly    near    him   for  years 
 
 together Bifhop  Saunderfon  had  a  roll  of    Non-Confor- 
 
 miit  Minifters  under  his  angry  eye,  defigned  for  difcipline, 
 but  when  he  was  near  his  end  he  ordered  the  roll  to  be 
 burnt,  and  faid,  he  would  die  in  peace And  moft:  re- 
 markable is  the  paffage  in  the  lafl:  Will  and  Teftament  of 
 Dr.  Cofins,  Bifhop  of  Durham,  a  zealous  Enemy  of  the 
 Prefbyterians,    and   who   had  met  with  ill  ufage  in  the  late 
 
 times. "  I  take  it  to  be   my   duty    (fays  he)   and   that 
 
 "  of  all  the  Bifhops  and  Members  of  the  Church,  to  do 
 "  our  utmoft  endeavour,  that  at  laft  an  end  may  be  put  to 
 '*  the  differences  of  Religion,  or  at  leaft,  that  they  may 
 "  be  leffen'd."  Such  was  the  different  Temper  of  this 
 learned  Prelate  in  the  vigour  of  life,  and  when  he  came  to 
 review  things  calmly  on  his  dying  Bed.  To  thefe  might 
 be  added  Bifhop  Gauden,  Wilkins,  Reynolds,  and  a 
 few  others,  who  are  faid  to  carry  the  wounds  of  the 
 Church  in  their  hearts  to  the  grave  ;  but  the  far  greater 
 majority  of  the  Bench  of  Bifhops,  efpecially  thofe  that 
 frequented  the  Court,  were  of  a  different  ftamp. 
 
 The   like    may   be  obferved  of  the  inferior  Clergy,  who  T^  Infen»r 
 were  divided  a  few  Years  after,  into  thofe  of  the  Court  and  Higrf7' 
 the  Country;    the  former  were   of   an  angry  fuperffitious  Church. 
 Spirit,   and  far  more  zealous  for  a  few   indifferent  ceremo- 
 nies, than  for  the  Peace  of    the  Church,    or  its  more  im- 
 portant  Articles  ;    their  Sermons  were/filled  with  the  reve- 
 rence due  to  their  Holy  Mother,  with  the  facred  dignity  of 
 their  own  indelible  characters,  with  the  flavifh  dottrines  of 
 PafTive-Obedience   and  Non-Refiftahce,  and  with  the  moft 
 bitter  raillery  and  invectives  againft  the  poor  routed  Prefby- 
 terians; 
 
The  HISTORY  Vol.  IV. 
 
 terians ;  they  encouraged  the  enabling  fevere  laws,  and  car- 
 ried them  into  execution  as  long  as  their  Superiors  would  per- 
 mit, without  any  Regard  to  Mercy  or  Merit ;  but  took  lit- 
 tle or  no  care,  by  their  Doctrine  or  Example,  of  the  morals 
 ot  the  People,  which  were  Pnamefully  negle&ed  throughout 
 the  Nation.  The  Clergy  of  this  character  were  by  far  the 
 more  numerousTor  twenty  Years  after  the  Reiteration  ;  the 
 Tide  of  Church  Preferments  ran  into  this  Channel,  and 
 their  Doctrines  were  the  molt  fafhionable. 
 
 And  !ow  The   Country  Clergy    were  of    a  quite    different   Spirit 
 
 they  were  zealous  Proteftants  and  true  Churchmen,  but 
 more  difpofed  to  an  Accommodation  with  Protectant  diffen- 
 ters  than  with  Papifts :  Among  thele  were  the  Tillotfons, 
 Still, ngrleets,  Whitchcots,  Wilkins,  Cudworths,  &c.  Men 
 of  the  firtt  rank  for  Learning,  Sobriety  and  Virtue;  they 
 were  the  moft  eminent  preachers  of  the  Age,  whofe  Ser- 
 mons and  writings  did  Honour  to  the  Church  of  England, 
 and  fupported  its  character  in  the  word  of  Times.  They 
 lamented  the  Corruptions  and  Vices  of  the  People,  and 
 flood  in  the  Gap  againft  an  Inundation  of  Popery  and  Ty- 
 ranny ;  but  their  numbers  were  fmail,  becaufe  the  road  to 
 preferment  lay  another  way  :  But  when  the  high  Church 
 Clergy  had  betrayed  the  liberties  of  their  Country,  and  the 
 Frotefhnt  Religion,  into  the  hands  of  the  Papiits,  thtfe  ap- 
 peared boldly  in  their  Defence,  difarm'd  their  Adverfaries, 
 and  faved  the  Nation. 
 
 Remarks  When  therefore  we  fpeak  of    the  furious  proceedings   of 
 
 the  Bifftops  and  Clergy,  it  mull:  not  be  underftood  of  the 
 whole  Body,  but  only  of  thofe  who  were  tools  of  a  cor- 
 rupt Court  and  Minifcry,  and  who  out  of  Ignorance,  or  o- 
 ther  private  and  perfonal  motives  went  blindfold  into  all  their 
 deftruciive  Me  r,  fares.  If  the  Reader  will  keep  in  mind 
 tf.efe  general  Remarks  he  will  more  eafily  account  for 
 all  the  Springs  of  pubiick  Actions  throughout  the  Courfe 
 of  this  R.eign,  especially  thofe  which  relate  to  the  Church 
 and  Diflenters,  and  readily  difcover  to  whofe  Account  the 
 Severities  againft  them  ought  to  be  placed. 
 ,  •-,,,..  Bifhdp  Burnet,  in  his  Book  againft  the  Author  of  Parlia- 
 •  R*  mentf&li  Pacificum,  has  the  following  remarkable  Paf- 
 i.'.re  :  "  It  is  well  knewn,  that  thofe  who  were  fecretly  Pa- 
 t;  pifts;  and  difguifed  their  Religion,  as  the  King  himfeif  did, 
 *'  animated   the  chief  Men   of   the  Church   to  carry  the 
 
 "   points  of    Uniformity  as  high   as  poflible —That 
 
 "  there  might  be  many  Non-Conformifts,  and  great  Oca- 
 
 "  Hon 
 
 m^iks 
 
Chap.  VII.       of  the  P'uritans.  317 
 
 <<r  fion  for  a  Toleration,  under  which  Popery  might  creep       King 
 
 "  in:  for  if    the  King's  Declaration  from  Breda  had  took  Charles  II. 
 
 D                                                        1  1002. 
 
 46  place,  of  two  thoufand  Minifters  that  were   turned  out,  ^ -  -,_f 
 
 "  above  feventeen  hundred  had  ftay'd  in  ;  But  the  Pra&ifes 
 
 '?.  of  the  Papiils  had  too  great  an  Influence  on  the  Church- 
 
 "  Men,    whofe   Spirits  were  too  much  fower'd   by  their  ill 
 
 "  Ufage  during  the  War,     nor  were  they  without  Succefs 
 
 *c  on    the  DifTenters,    who   were    fecretly    encouraged    to 
 
 "  fland  out,  and  were    told,  that  the  King's  Temper  and 
 
 "  Principles,    and  the  confideration  of  Trade,    would  cer- 
 
 "  tainly  procure  them  a  Toleration.     Thus  they  tamper'd 
 
 *'  with  hoth    Parties  ;     Liberty  of   Confcience   was    their 
 
 *.*  profeflion,  but  when  a  Seflion  of   Parliament  came,  and 
 
 "  the  King  wanted  Money,  then  a  new  fevere  Law  againft 
 
 *'  the  Diflenters  was  offered  to  the  angry  Men  of  the  Church 
 
 "  party  as  the  Price  of   it ;    and  this  feldom  failed  to  have 
 
 "  its   Effect;    fo  that  they  were  like   the  Jewels    of    the 
 
 "  Crown,  pawned  when  the  King  needed  Money,    but  re- 
 
 *f  deemed  at  the  next  prorogation." 
 
 The  fame  prelate  obferves  in  another  performance,  "  that 
 
 *'  the  hrft  Spirit  of    Severity  was  heighten'd  by  the  pra- 
 
 "  ctifes  of  the  Papiils That  many  Churchmen  who 
 
 "  underftood  not  the  principles  of  human  Society,  and  the 
 
 ":  Rules  of    the  Englifh  Government,    writ  feveral  extra- 
 
 "  vagant  Treatifes  about  the  meafures  of  Submiflicn  ;  that 
 
 "  the   DifTenters  were    put    to  great   Hardfhips  in   many 
 
 '•'  parts  of   England."     But  concludes,    that    "  He   mull 
 
 *'  have  the  Brow  of  a  Jefuit  that  can  cafl:  this  wholly  up- 
 
 "  pon  the    Church  of    England    and  free  the  Court  of  it. 
 
 "  Upon  the  whole  Matter  (fays  his  Lordfhip)  it  is  evident, 
 
 "  that  the  Paflions  and  Infirmities  of  fome  of   the  Church 
 
 '*  of  England   being  unhappily  ftirred    up  by  the  Diffen- 
 
 l(  ters,    they  were  fatally  conducted  by  the  popifh  Party 
 
 '_*  to    be   the  Inflruments  of    doing  a  great  deal  of  Mif- 
 
 V*  chief. 
 
 But  to  go  on  with  the  Hiftory :  three  Days  after  the  A£t  of  Nonconf. 
 
 Uniformity  took  place  the  filenced  Minifters  prefented  a  pe-  Petition  for 
 
 tition   to  his  Majefty  for  a  Toleration,    by  the   Hands  of  ^  "chro"* 
 
 Dr.  Manton,  Dr.  Bates,  and  Mr.    Calamy,  to  this  Effect;  p.  753, 
 
 that    "  having   had  former  experience   of    his   Majefty's 
 
 '*  Clemency  and  Indulgence,  fome  of   the  London  Mini- 
 
 "  fters,  who  are  like  to  be  deprived  of  all  future  Ufefulnefs 
 
 "  by  the  late  Act  of   Uniformity,   humbly  cafl:  themfelves 
 
 "  at  his   Majefty's  Feet,    defiring   him  of   his   princely 
 
 ««  Wifdom 
 
3i* 
 
 The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y 
 
 Vol.  IV. 
 
 King 
 
 Charles  II, 
 
 1662. 
 
 K.  Chron. 
 
 Parker's 
 llift.  p.  29 
 
 Burnet, 
 p.  192. 
 
 "  Wifdom  to  take  fome  effectual  courfe,  that  they  may  be 
 "  continued  in  their  Miniftry,  to  teach  his  People  Obedi- 
 "  ence  to  God  and  his  Majeily  ;  and  they  doubt  not  but 
 u  by  their  dutiful  and  peaceable  behaviour,  they  (hall  ren- 
 "  der  themfelves   not  altogether  unworthy  of   fo  great  a 
 "  favour."       The    matter    being  debated    next  day  in 
 Council,  his  Majefty  gave  his  opinion  for  an  Indulgence  if 
 it  was  feafible.     Others  were   for  conniving  at  the  more 
 p.  733, 742.  eminent  Divines,  and  putting  Curates  into  their  Churches 
 to  read  the  Service,  till  they  mould  die  off:    This  was  the 
 opinion  of  the  Earl  of  Manchefter,    who  urged  it  with  a 
 great  deal  of  zeal ;  but  Lord  Clarendon  was   for  the  ftricfc 
 execution  of  the  Law  ;    "  Surely  (fays  he)  there  cannot 
 "  be  too  intent  a  care  in  Kings  and  Princes  to  preferve  and 
 "  maintain    all    decent    Forms   and  Ceremonies   both  in 
 "  Church  and  State,  which  keeps  up  the  Reverence  due 
 "  to  Religion,  as  well    as  the  duty  and  dignity  due  to  the 
 "  Government  and  the  Majeily  of  Kings."     Bifhop  Shel- 
 don was  of  the  fame  fide,  and  declared,    That  if  the  A<5t 
 was  fufpended  he  could  not  maintain  his  Epifcopal  Autho- 
 rity ;    that   this  would  render  the  Legislature  ridiculous, 
 and  be  the  occafion  of  endlefs  DiftracYions.     England  is  ac- 
 cuftomed  to  obey  Laws  (fays  he)  fo  that  while  we  ftand  on 
 that  Ground  we  are  fafe  ;  And  to  anfwer  all   Objections, 
 he  undertook  to  fill  the  vacant  Pulpits  more  to  the  People's 
 Satisfaction  than    before.      By  fuch  arguments,  delivered 
 with   great  earneftnefs  and  zeal,  they  prevailed  with   the 
 Council  to  let  the  Law  take  place  for  the  prefent. 
 
 Neverthelefs,about  four  Months  after  his  Majefty  publish- 
 ed a  Declaration  to  all  his  loving  Subjects,  by  advice  of  his 
 Privy  Council,  dated  December  26,  1662.  in  which,  af- 
 ter reciting  thofe  words  of  the  Declaration  from  Breda,  re- 
 lating to  his  giving  liberty  to  tender  Confciences,  and  his 
 readinefs  to  confent  to  an  A6t  of  Parliament  for  that  pur- 
 pofe,  his  Majefty  adds,  "  As  all  thefe  things  are  frefh  in 
 "  our  memory,  fo  are  we  ftill  firm  in  the  refolution  of  per- 
 "  forming  them  to  the  full.  •  But  it  mult  not  be  wondered 
 "  at,  fince  that  Parliament  to  which  thofe  promifes  were 
 "  made,  never  thought  fit  to  offer  us  an  A£r.  to  that  pur- 
 "  pofe,  That  we  being  fo  zealous  as  we  are  (and  by  the 
 '•'  Grace  of  God  (hall  ever  be)  for  the  maintenance  of  the 
 "  true  Proteftant  Religion,  fhould  give  its  eftablifhment 
 "  the  precedency  before  matters  of  Indulgence  to  DilTen- 
 11  ters  from  it  ;  but  that  being  done,  we  are  glad  to  re- 
 "  new  to  aH  our  Subjects  concerned  in  thofe  promifes  of 
 
 «  Indul- 
 
 King's  De- 
 claration 
 concerning 
 Indulgence 
 
Chap.  VII.       of  the  P  u  r  i  t  a  n  s.  319 
 
 "  Indulgence  this  Aflurance.     That  as  for  what  concerns      Kins 
 
 **  the  penalties  upon  thcfe,  who   (living  peaceably)  do  not  c  ir^   ' 
 
 "  conform  to  the  Church  of  England  through  fcruple,  or  ^_  m  -    . 
 
 *'  tendernefs  of  mifguided   Confcience,  but  modeftly,  and 
 
 **  without  fcandal   perform  their  Devotions  in  their  own 
 
 *'  way,  we  fhall  make  it  our  fpecial  Care,  as  far  as  in  us  lies, 
 
 "  without  invading  the  freedom  of  Parliament,to  incline  their 
 
 "  Wifdom  at  the  next  approaching  Sefilons,  to  concur  with 
 
 *c  us  in  making  fome  Act  for  that  purpofe,  as  may  enable 
 
 "  us  to  exercife  with  more  univerfal  fatisfaction,  that  Pow- 
 
 "  er  of  difpenfing  which  we  conceive  to   be   inherent  in 
 
 "  us ;  nor  can  we  doubt  of  their  chearful  co-operating  with 
 
 *'  us  in  a  thing  wherein  we  conceive  ourfelves  fo  far  en- 
 
 "  gaged   both  in   honour,    and   in  what  we    owe  to  the 
 
 *'  Peace  of  our  Dominions,  which  we  profefs  we  can  ne- 
 
 t%  ver  think  fecure  whilft  there  fhall  be  a  colour  left  to  dif- 
 
 "  affected   perfons  to  inflame  the  minds  of  fo  many  mul- 
 
 "  titudes   upon  the   fcore  of  Confcience,   with  defpair  of 
 
 "  ever  obtaining  any  effect  of  our  promifes  of  their  eafe." 
 
 His  Majefty  then  proceeds  to  obviate  the  objection  of  his 
 favouring  Papifts  ;  and  after  having  avowed  to  the  World, 
 the  due  fenfe  he  had  of  their  having  deferved  well  from 
 his  Royal  Father,  and  from  himfelf,  and  even  from  the 
 Proteftant  Religion,  in  adhering  to  them  with  their  Lives  and 
 Fortunes,  for  the  maintenance  of  their  Crown  in  the  Re- 
 ligion eflablifhed,  he  declares,  "  that  it  is  not  his  intenti- 
 V  on  to  exclude  them  from  all  benefit  from  fuch  an  Act 
 "  of  Indulgence,  but  that  they  are  not  to  expect  an  open 
 "  Toleration  ;  but  refers  the  manner  to  the  approaching 
 "  Seffions  of   Parliament,  which  he  doubts  not  will   con- 
 
 *'  cur  with  him  in  the  performance  of  his  promifes " 
 
 He  concludes,  "  with  hoping  that  all  his  Subjects,  with 
 "  minds  happily  compofed  by  his  Clemency,  and  Indul- 
 "  gence,  (inftead  of  taking  up  thoughts  of  deferting  their 
 M  poffeffions,  or  tranfplanting)  will  apply  themfelves  com- 
 "  fortably,  and  with  redoubled  Indufrry,  to  their  feveral  vo- 
 *'  cations,  in  fuch  a  manner  as  the  private  intereft  of  every 
 "  one  in  particular  may  encourage  him  to  contribute  chear- 
 "  fully  to  the  general  profperity." 
 
 "  Given  at  our  Court  at   Whitehall,    this  26th  of 
 <«   December,  in  the  14th  Year  of  our  Reign." 
 
 Thi« 
 
320 
 
 King 
 
 Charles  II. 
 
 1 662. 
 
 Supported 
 by  his  Maj. 
 Speeth  to 
 the  Parlia- 
 ment. 
 Burnet,  p. 
 *93- 
 
 Addrefscf 
 the  Com- 
 mons againfl 
 it.     Rapin, 
 
 The  HISTORY        Vol.  IV. 
 
 This  Declaration  was  thought  to  be  framed  at  Somerfet 
 Houfe,  where  the  Queers-Mother  kept  Court,  without 
 the  knowledge  of  Lord  Clarendon  or  Bifhop  Sheldon  ;  and 
 according  to  Burnet  was  the  refuk  of  a  Council  of  Papifts 
 at  the  Earl  of  Briftol's  (who  were  under  an  Oath  of  Secre- 
 cy) and  of  the  King  himfeif.  It  is  mcdellly  expreffed  ; 
 and  though  it  carries  in  it  a  claim  of  the  difpenfing  Power, 
 and  cf  good  will  to  Popery,  yet  it  refers  ail  to  the  Parlia- 
 ment. Accordingly  his  Majeily,  in  his  Speech  at  the  open- 
 ing of  the  next  Sefiions,  Feb.  28.  fupported  his  Declara- 
 tion in  the  following  words,  *'  That  tho'  he  was  in  his  Na- 
 '*  ture  an  enemy  to  all  feverity  in  Religion,  he  would  not 
 "  have  them  infer  from  thence,  that  he  meant  to  favour 
 f<  Popery,  tho''  feveral  of  that  Profeilion,  who  had  ferved 
 "  him  and  his  Father  well,  might  juftly  claim  a  mare  in 
 "  that  Indulgence,  he  would  willingly  afford  to  other  Diflen- 
 "  ters  ;  nor  that  I  intended  them  to  hold  any  Places  in  the 
 "  Government,  (fays  his  Majefty)  for  I  will  not  yield  to 
 "  any,  no  not  to  the  Bafhpps  themfelves,  in  my  Zeal  for 
 "  the  Proteftant  P.eligion,  and  my  liking  the  Acl  of  Uni- 
 "  formity  ;  and  yet  if  the  Diffenters  will  behave  them- 
 "  felves  peaceably  and  modeftly  under  the  Government, 
 *£  I  could  heartily  wifli  I  had  fuch  a  Power  of  Indulgence 
 v  to  ufe  upon  all  occafions,  as  might  not  needlefly  force 
 "  them  out  of  the  Kingdom,  or  flaying  here,  give  them 
 "  caufe  to  confpire  againft  the  peace  of  it."  This  was  the 
 firft  open  claim  of  a  difpenfing  Power,  which  the  Reader 
 will  obferve  did  not  propofe  a  "  Law  for  Libery  of  Con- 
 "  fcience,"  but  that  his  Majefty  might  have  a  legal  Power 
 of  Indulgence  veiled  in  himfeif,  which  he  might  ufe  or  re- 
 cal  as  he  thought  fit.  This  alarmed  the  Houfe  of  Com- 
 mens,  who  voted  the  Thanks  of  the  Houfe  for  his  Maje- 
 fty's  Resolution  to  maintain  the  Act  of  Uniformity  ;  but 
 that  it  was  the  opinion  of  the  Houfe,  V  that  no  Indulgence 
 "  be  granted  to  Diffenters  from  it ;"  and  an  addrefs  was  ap- 
 pointed to  be  drawn  up,  and  prefented  to  his  Majefty,  with 
 the  following  reafons  : 
 
 "  We  have  confidered  (fay  they)  your  Majefty's  Decla- 
 "  ration  from  Breda,  and  are  of  opinion,  that  it  was  not 
 "  a  Promife,  but  a  gracious  Declaration  to  comply  with 
 11  the  Advice  of  your  Parliament,  whereas  no  fuch  Advice 
 "  has  been  given.  They  who  pretend  a  right  to  the  fuppo- 
 "  fed  Promife,  puj  the  right  into  the  hands  of  their  Repre- 
 
 "  fentatives,  who  have  paft  the  A6r.  of  Uniformity 
 
 "  If  any  mail  fay,  aright  to  the  benefit  of  the  Declaration 
 
 ftiH 
 
Chap.  VII.     of  the  Puritans.  321 
 
 "  ftill   remains,  it  tends  to  diflfolve  the  very  Bond   of  Go-     King 
 
 "  vernment,  and   to  fuppofe  a  difabiiity  in  the  whole  Legif-       i&6 
 
 **  lature  to  make  a  Law  contrary  to  your   Majefty's  Decla-  »_  —  -  _j 
 
 "  ration —  We  have  alfo  confidered  the  nature  of  the  Indul- 
 
 **  gence   propofed,  and  are  of  Opinion  —  I.   That  it   will 
 
 "  eitablifh  Schifm  by  a  Law,  and    m  .ke  the  cenfuies   of  the 
 
 "  Church  of  no  Consideration  —  i.  That  it  is  unbecoming 
 
 "  the  Wifdom   of  Parliament  to  pafs  a  Law  in  one  feflion 
 
 "  for  Uniformitv,    and  in  another  Seflion  to  pafs  a   Law  to 
 
 "  fruftrateor  weaken  it,  the  Reafons  continuing  the  fame  — 
 
 "  3.   That  it  will  expofe  your  Majefty  to  the  reftlefs  impor- 
 
 "  tunitics  of  every  Sect  who  (hall  diffent  from  the  eftablifh- 
 
 **  ed  Chuich  ■ —  4.  That  it  will  encreafe  Sectaries,    which 
 
 "  will  weaken  the  Proteflant  Profeflion,  and  be  troublefome 
 
 "  to  the  Government  ;  and  in  time  fome  prevalent  Seel:  may 
 
 "  contend  for  an  Eflablifhment  which  may  end  in  Popery  -- 
 
 u  5.   That   it  is   unprecedented,  and    may  take  away    the 
 
 44  means  of  convicting  Refcufants 6.  That  the  Indul- 
 
 *'  gence  propofed,  will  not  tend  to  the  Peace,  but  to  the 
 44  Difturbance  of  the  Kingdom  ;  the  beft  way  therefore  to 
 44  produce  a  fettled  Peace  is  to  prefs  vigorously  the  Act  of 
 44  Uniformity." 
 
 The  Reader  will  judge  of  the  force  of  thefe  Reafons,  Remark:. 
 which,  in  my  opinion,  would  judifie  the  fevered  Perfecution 
 in  the  World  ;  however  the  King  was  convinced  with  a  fum 
 of  Money,  and  therefore  madenoother  Reply,  but  that  he  had 
 been  ill  umlerftood.  The  Houfe  then  addrefTed  him  to  put 
 the  Laws  in  Execution  againfr.  Papifts  ;  and  a  Proclamation 
 was  iflued  out  for  that  Purpofe,  but  little  regarded.  How- 
 ever, this  oppofition  to  the  King  and  the  Roman  Catholicka, 
 by  Lord  Clarendon  and  his  Friends  in  the  Houfe  of  Com- 
 mons, laid  the  foundation  of  ■  his  Impeachment  the  next 
 Year,  and  of  his  Ruin*  fome  time  after.  Bifhop  Kennet  p.  258. 
 admits,  That  the  King  was  inclined  to  a  general  Indul- 
 gence, "  but  whether  it  was  from  his  good  Nature^  or  a 
 "  fecret  Inclination  to  introduce  Popery,  is  not  very 
 "  decent  to  determine  ;"  but  both  he  and  Eachard  are  of  Eachardr 
 Opinion,  "  That  the  King's  Clemency  hardened  the  Dif-  p.  806. 
 44  fenters  againft  the  Church  5  whereas,  if  they  had  loft  all 
 44  dependance  on  a  Court  Intereft,  and  had  found  the  King 
 44  and  his  Miniftry  intent  upon  the  ftri<St  Execution  of  the 
 *'  Act  of  Uniformity,  molt  of  them  (fay  they)  would  at 
 "  this  juncture  have  conformed."  A  notorious  Miftake  ! 
 the   contrary  to  which  will  be   evident  to   a  demonftration 
 
 Vol.  IV.  X  throughout 
 
322  The   HISTORY        Vol. IV. 
 
 King       throughout  the  courfe  of  this  Reign.       The  conformity  of 
 i66i.       hooeft  Men  does  not  depend  upon   the  Will,    but   the   Un~ 
 \_.—  -  _'  derftanding  and   Judgment  ;  and    'tis    very    ungenerous  at 
 this   time  of  Day  to  impeach  Men's  Integrity,   who  under- 
 went a  long  courfe  of  the  fevered  Trials  to  retain  it. 
 Rife  of  Oc-       Some  of  the   ejected    Prefbyterians,  who  were  Men    of 
 caGonal         Piet"  and  Learning,    went  as  far  as  they  could,  and   made  a 
 Baxter's"  ^*  diitinclion  between  Lay-Con!brmiy  and  Minifterial  ;    they 
 Life.  praclifed  the   former,  and   went  fome  times  to  their  Pariih- 
 
 Part  II.       Churches  before  or  after    the  exercife  of   their  Miniftry  in 
 Compl."         fome  private  Houfes  ;  and  this    they  did,  not    for  inteieft  or 
 Hni.  p. 367.  advantage,    but  to  all  appearance,  for  Charity  and  brotherly 
 Love.     Here  was  tha  rife  of  occafional  Conformity,  pra£H- 
 fed  by  Dr.  Bates,  Mr.   Baxter,  and  others  to  their  Death  ; 
 but  this,  inftead.of  being  well  taken,  was  the  occahon  of 
 The  Rev.      bringing   fome  of  them   into    Trouble  ;  for    Mr.  Calamy, 
 Mr.  Cabmy  ]ate  Minifter  of   Aldermanbury,  being  at  his  Parifh- Church 
 Newgate;      December   28,  the  Preacher    happened    to  difappoint  them  ; 
 upon  which,  at   the  importunity    of   the    Parifhioners,  Mr. 
 Calamy  went   up  into  the  Pulpit  and  preached  a  Sermon  up- 
 on Eli's  C, -.  cern  for  the   Ark  of  God   j   a  SubjecT:  much 
 upon  their  Thoughts  at  that  time  :  But  this  was    fo  highly- 
 relented  at  Court,    that  he  was  Cent  to  Newgate  next  Week 
 for  Sedition,  in   breaking    the  King's   Laws.      It  was  done 
 Ca!  in  Terrorem,  fays  my  Author,  but  there  wasfuch  a  clamour 
 
 Vol.  11.  p.  6.  among  the  People,  and  fuch  a  refort  of  Perfons  of  Quality 
 to  the  Prifoncr,  that  his  Majefty  thought  fit  toreleafe  him  in  a 
 few  Days,  which  not  being  done  by  courfe  of  Law,  the 
 Common:,  refented  it,  and  p.refented  an  Addrefs,  that  the. 
 Laws  for  the  future  might  have  their  free  Courfe.  This 
 difpleafed  the  King,  who  was  willing  to  fupport  his  Preroga- 
 tive, and  (hew  fome  favour  to  the  Prefbyterians,  that  he  might 
 Rapin,  cover   the    Papifts  ;    but   Lord    Clarendon,   who   was  their 
 
 p.  3»3>  3XZ-  implacable  Enemy,  and  at  the  head  of' that  Party  which  con- 
 trived their  Ruin,  oppofed  the  court  Mcafures  and  encoura- 
 ged his  Friends  in  both  Houfes  to  abide  by  the  Laws. 
 1(5£,  The  following  fummer  there  was  a  frefh  difcourfe  of  Li* 
 
 Sham  Ptot    berty  for   the  filenced  Minifters  ;  and  the  Court  was  lb  far 
 in  theNonh.  jn  t^c  (Jefig/i,  as  to  encourage  them  to  petition  for  a  general 
 Toleration,  infmuating  this  to  be   the  only  way  of  Relief^ 
 and  that   the  Legislature  would  goon  to  encreafe  their  Bur  - 
 dens    and  lay   them  in    Goals  'till  they   complied.       The 
 tfj£tei  Indepcnclar.ts  went  up  to  the  Court  to  fpeak  for  tbemfelves, 
 
 Part  11.        but  the  Prefbyterians  refilled;  upon  which  Mr.  Baxter  fays, 
 f>..43°j433<  the 
 
Chap.  VII.         of  the  Puritans.  323 
 
 the    Independant   Brethren   thought   it  long  of  them    that    N  King 
 they  miffed    of  their  intended  Liberty.       'I  lie   Court  being       ^l. 
 difpieafed,   Lord  Clarendon   and  his  Friends!  took  the  eppor-  y_  -  -,_t 
 tunity  to  ftir  them  up  againft  the  Non-Ccnformifts,  by  fa- 
 thering upon  them  fome  new  Plots  againft  the  Government. 
 There  was  (aid  to  be  a  Confpiracy  in   the   No.th  among  the 
 Republicans  and  Separates,   to  remote  the  long  Parliament, 
 and  put  Lambert  and   Ludlow   at  *t h e i r   Head,  though  the 
 former   was  (hut  up  in  Prifcn  in  a  remote   Ifland,    and   the 
 other  in  Banifhment.    There  had  been  feme  unadvifed  and  an- 
 gry Converfation  among  the  meaner   fort  of  People  of  re- 
 publican Principles,  but  it  was  nut  pretended  that  any  Gen-     - 
 tleman  of  character,  much  lefs  that  the  Body  of  the  Englifh 
 Non-Conformifts  were  acquainted  with  it ;   however,  abotlt 
 twenty    v.  ere     fried  and    condemned   at   York    and  Leeds, 
 and  feveral    executed.       Some    very    mean   Perfons    were 
 tried    at  the  Old  Baily  for  a  branch  of  the   fame  defign,  as 
 Tongue,    Philips,    Stubbes,     Hind,    Sellars,    and   Gibbes  : 
 They  were  not  tried  feparately,  but  fet  at  the  Bar  together, 
 and  condemned  in  the  lump.     It  was  pretended  that  the  fifth  K  chron 
 Monarchy  Men,  Anabaptifts,  Tndependants,  and  fome   Qua-  p.  840, 
 kers,  were  conferring  to  fome  defperate  defigns,  but  the  Au-  S4J- 
 thors  were  never  difcovered  ;  however,  four  of  thefe  pre-  p*IqI' 
 tended   Confpirators  were   executed,  who  confeffed    at  the  Rapin, 
 Place  of  Execution,  that   they   had  heard  fome  treafonable  P-  3IO> 
 ExprefTions  in  Company,   but  denied   to  the  laft,  that  they 
 were  acquainted  with  any  Confpiracy  againft  the  King;  and 
 whoever    reads  their  Trial  will    be  inclined  to   think,  that 
 it  was  adefign  of  thofe  who  were  at  the  head  of  Affairs,  to 
 enflame  the  Populace  againft  the  Non-Conformifts,  in  order 
 to  bring  them  under  greater  Severities. 
 
 "  An  Act:  was  parted  this  Summer  for  the  relief  of  fuch  £^.f!?rf 
 
 n  1        o-    1        r  it  l-  %t    -Ke'le'   °* 
 
 "  rerfons  as  oy  Sicknefs,  or  other  Impediments,  were  dii-  Non-Sub- 
 "  abled  from  fubferibing  the  declaration  in  the  Act  of  Uni-  bribing 
 «  formity,  and  Explanation  of   the  faid  Aft."      The  Pre-  Ww!'  II. 
 ambie  fets  forth,  w  That  divers  Perfons  of  eminent  Loyalty,  chap.  6. 
 if  and  known  Affection  to  the    Liturgy   of  the  Church  of 
 "  England,  were  out   of  the  Kingdom  ;  and   others,  by 
 «*  reafon    oi    Sicknefs,    difability    of  Body,    or    otheiwife, 
 *'  could    not  fubferibe   within   the   time  limited,   and  were 
 **  therefore  difabled,  and  Ipfo  facto  deprived  of  their  Preben- 
 "  daries  or  other  Livings,   therefore  further    time  is  given 
 <c  to  them   to   the  Feaft  of  the  Nativity  of  our  Lord  next 
 "  enfuing  ;  or  if  out  of  England,  forty  Days  after  their 
 
 X   2  ■*  return  :" 
 
524  The    HISTORY         Vol.  IV, 
 
 King  a  return:'*  Which  (hews,  that  the  time  limited  by  the  A& 
 1664.  '  °^  Uniformity  was  not  fufficient.  The  Journal  of  the  Houfe 
 t_ ,^  -  _  ■»  of  Lords  mentions  a  Claufe  inferted  by  their  Lordfhips,  ex- 
 plaining the  fubfcription  and  declaration  to  relate  only  to 
 practice  and  obedience  to  the  Law,  which  paffed  the  upper 
 Houfe,  the/  feveral  Lords  protefted  againft  it,  as  deftru&ive 
 to  the  Church  of  England,  but  none  of  the  Bimops  ; 
 however,  when  it  came  down  to  the  Commons,  the  Claufe 
 was  rejected,  and  the  Loids  did  not  think  fit  to  infift  up- 
 on it. 
 
 While  the  Parliament  were  relieving  the  LoyaliPcs,  they 
 Conventi-  encreafed  the  Burdens  of  the  Non-Conformiifs,  for  taking 
 c!e  Aft.  advantage  of  the  late  pretended  Plots,  they  paffed  an  Act  for 
 16  C<.r.  2.  fupprefiing  feditious  Conventicles  ;  the  Preamble  to  which 
 having  fet  forth,  that  the  Sectaries,  under  pretence  of  ten- 
 der Confciences,  at  their  meetings  had  contrived  Infurreclions, 
 the  A£i  declares  the  35th  of  Queen  Elizabeth  to  be  in  full 
 force,  which  condemns  all  Perfons  refufing  peremptorily  to 
 come  to  Church,  after  Conviction,  to  Banifhment,  and  in 
 cafe  of  return,  to  Death,  without  Benefit  of  the  Clergy. 
 It  enacts  further,  "  That  if  any  Perfon  above  the  age  of 
 "  fixteen,  after  the  firft  of  July,  1664,  fhall  be  prefent  at  any 
 *'  Meeting,  under  colour  or  pretence  of  any  exercife  of  Re-» 
 <c  ligion,  in  any  other  manner  than  is  allowed  by  the  Litur- 
 «  gy  or  Practice  of  the  Church  of  England,  where  fhall 
 *'  be  five  or  more  Perfons  than  the  Houfhold,  fhall  for  the 
 <c  firft.  offence  fuffer  three  Months  Imprifonment,  upon  re- 
 ■f  cord  made  upon  Oath  under  thehmdand  feal  of  a  Juflice 
 "  of  Peace  ;  or  pay  a  fum  not  exceeding  five  Pounds  j  for 
 "  the  ftcond  offence  fix  Months  Imprifonment,  or  ten 
 *'  Pounds  ;  and  for  the  third  offence  the  Offender  to  be 
 cc  banifhed  to  f  <mc  of  the  American  Plantations  for  feven 
 "  Years,  or  pay  one  hundred  Pounds,  excepting  New 
 ii  England  and  Virginia  ;  and  in  cafe  they  return,  or  make 
 "  their  efcape,  fuch  Perfons  are  to  he  adjudged  Felons,  and 
 "  fuffer  Death  without  benefit  of  Clergy.  Sheriffs,  or 
 "  Juftices  of  Peace,  or  others  commiflioned  by  them,  are 
 *c  empowered  to  diffolve*  diffipate,  and  break  up  all  un- 
 "  lawful  Conventicles,  and  to  take  into  Cuftody  fuch  of 
 "  their  Number  as  they  think  fit.  They  who  fuffer  fuch 
 **  Conventicles  in  their  Houfes  or  Ba-ns,  are  liable  to  the 
 ?'  fame  Ferfeitures  as  other  Offenders.  The  profecution  is 
 lf  to  be  within  three  Months.  Married  Women  taken  a6 
 "  Conventicles  are  tc  be  imprifoned  for  twelve  Months,   un- 
 
 «  Ida 
 
Chap.  VII.       of  the  P  u  r  i  t  A  n  s.  325 
 
 <e  lefs  theii  Hufbinds  pav  forty  Shillings  for  their  Redemption.       KinS 
 
 ,,    t«i         »  n  -  •■£■'-■  r        l  \7  .  l.  >  ^    Char  es  II. 
 
 *'  T  his  Act  to  continue  m  force  tor  three  i  ears  aftei  the  next       j664> 
 «  Seffijn  of  Parliament."  <^— v— ^ 
 
 This  was  a  terrible  Icourge  upon  the  Laiety,  put  into  the  Sad  Conie- 
 hands  of  a  tingle  Jaftice  of  Peace,  without  the  Verdict-  of  a  J^JSJjjJ 
 Jury,  the  Oath  of  the  Informer  being  fufficient.  The  defign  and  people. 
 of  thePailiament  (lays  Rapin)  was  to  drive  them  to  Defpair, 
 and  to  force  them  into  real  Crimes  again  ft  the  Government. 
 By  virtue  of  this  A£t  the  Goals  in  feveral  Counties  were 
 quickly  filled  with  difllntir.g  Protectants,  while  the  Papifts 
 had  the  good  fortune  to  he  covered  under  the  Wing  of  the 
 Prerogative.  Some  of  the  Minifters  who  went  to  Church 
 in  fermon  time,  were  disturbed  for  preaching  to  a  few  of 
 their  Pariihioners  after  the  publick  Sen  ice  was  over  ;  their 
 Houfes  were  broke  open,  and  their  Hearers  t^ken  into  Cuf- 
 tody  :  Warrants  were  iffued  out  for  levying  twenty  Pounds 
 on  the  Minifter,  twenty  Pounds  upon  tiie  Houfe,  and  five 
 Shillings  upon  each  Hearer.  If  the  Money  was  not  imme- 
 diately j^i'l,  there  was  a  Seizure  made  of  their  Effects, 
 the  Goods  and  Wares  was  taken  out  of  the  Shops  ;  and  in 
 the  Country,  Cattle  were  driven  away  and  fold  for  half  Va- 
 Jue.  If  the  Seizure  did  not  anfwer  the  Fine,  the  Minifter 
 and  People  were  hurried  to  Piifon,  and  put  under  clofe 
 Confinement  for  three  or  fix  Month.-:.  The  trade  of  an 
 Informer  began  to  be  very  gainful,  by  the  encouragement  of  • 
 the  fptr.itua!  Courts.  At  every  Quarter  Seilion?,  feveral 
 were  fined  for  not  coming  to  Cliutch,  and  others  excommu- 
 nicated ;  nay,  fome  have  been  fentenced  to  abjure  the  Realm, 
 and  fined  in  a  Sum  much  larger  than  all  they  are  worth  in 
 the  World. 
 
 Before  the  Conventicle  Ac!  took  place  the  People  were  Their    can. 
 couragious,  and  exhoited  their  Minifters  to  preach  'till  they  tious  C<m- 
 went  to  Prifon  ;   but  when  it  came  home  to  themfelves,  and  gUtt' 
 they  had  been  once  in  Goal,  they  began  to  be  more  cautious,  p,  43$! 
 and  confulted  among  themfelves,    how  to  avoid  the  edge  of 
 the  Law  in  the    beft  manner  they  cou:d  ;  for  this   purpofe 
 their  AfTemblies  were  frequently    held  at  midnight,  and  in 
 the  molt  private  Places  ;  and  yet,   notwithstanding  all   their 
 caution,  they  were  frequently  difturbed  j  but 'tis  remarkable, 
 that  under  ail  their  Hardfhips  they  never  made  the  leaft  Re- 
 iiftance,  but  went  quietly  along  with  the  Soldiers  or  Officers, 
 when  they*  could   not  fly  from  them.     The  Diftrefs  of  fo 
 many  Families   made  fome  confine  themfelves  within  their 
 cwn  Houfes,  fome  remove    to   the'  Plantations,  and  others 
 have  rccourfe  tooccafional  Conformitv,  to  avoid  the  Penalty 
 
 X   3  '         for 
 
3*6  The    HISTORY        Vol.  IV. 
 
 ^  King      for  not  coming  to  Church  ;  but  the  Independents,  Anabap- 
 
 C^jj2f'  tifts,  and  Quakers,  declined  the  Praaice,  for  they  faid,  If 
 
 Ib-v—"-''  Perfecution  was  the  mark  of  a  falfe  Church,  it  muft  be  ab- 
 
 folutely  unlawful  to  join  with  One  that  was  fo  notorioufly 
 
 Sufferings         Indeed   the  Quakers  gloried  in  their  Sufferings,  and  were 
 kers^  (^a"  *°  re^°'ute  as  to  afTemble  openly  at  the  Bull  and  Mouth  near 
 Sewel.         Alderfgate,  from   whence  the  Soldiers  and  other  Officers, 
 p.  445«        dragged  them  to  Prifon,  'till  Newgate  was  filled,  and  Multi- 
 tudes died  by  ctofe  Confinement  in  the  feveral  Goals.      The 
 account   published   about  this  time  fays,  there  were  fix  hun- 
 dred of  them  in  Prifon,  merely  for  Religion  fake,  of  whom 
 lev  eral  were  banifhcd  to  the  Plantations.  Sometimes  the  Qua- 
 kers met  and  continued  Client,  upon  which  it  was  queftioned, 
 whether  fuch  an   Affembly  was  a  Conventicle  for  religious 
 Exercife  ;  and  when    fome  were  tried  for  it  in  order  to  Ba- 
 nishment, they  were  acquitted  of  the  Banifhment,  and  came 
 off  with  a  Fine,  which  they  feldom  paid,  and  were  therefore 
 continued  in  Prifon.       In  ihort,   the  Quakers  about  London 
 gave   fuch    full  employment  to  the  Informers,  that  they  had 
 lefs  ieifure  to  attend  the  Meetings  of  any   other "  DifTenters. 
 And  Others.      So  great  was  tne  Severity  of  thefe  times,  and  the  arbitra- 
 ry Proceedings  of  the  Juftices,  that  many  were  afraid  to  pray 
 in  their  Families,  if  above  four  of  their  Acquaintance  who 
 came  only  to  vifit  them  were  prefent.      Some  fcrupled  afking 
 a  Blefiing  on  their   Meat,  if  five  Strangers  befides  the  Fa- 
 mily were  at  Table.      In  London,  where  the  Koufes  join, 
 it  was  thought  the  Law  might  be  evaded  if  the  People  were 
 in  feveral  Houfes,  and  heard  the  Minidei  through  a  Window 
 or  hole  in  the  Wall ;  but   k  feems  this  was  over-ruled,  the 
 determination  being  (as  has  been  obferved)  in  the  breaft  of 
 a  fif»gle  mercenary  Juftice  of  Peace.     And  while  confcienti- 
 ous  People  were  thus  oppreffed,  the  common  People  gave 
 ■nfeives  up  to  Drunkennefs,  prophane  Swearing,  Gaming, 
 Lewdnsfk,  and  all  other  kinds  of  Debauchery,  which  brought 
 down  the  Judgment  of  Heaven  upon  the  Nation. 
 War  with         The  firfr   -general  Calamity  that  befel  the  Kingdom,  was 
 &e  Dutch.   a  \var  vvith  the    Dutch,  which  the  King  entered  into  this 
 Winter,  by  the  inffigation  of  the  young  French  Monarch, 
 Lewis  Xl'v\  who  beinggrown  rich  byalong  Peace,  fought  for, 
 an  opportunity  to  make  new  Conquefrs  in  the  Spanifh  Flan- 
 ders ;  for  this  purpofe  he  engaged  the   maritime  Powers  in 
 a  War,   that  by  weakening  each  others  hands  they  might 
 "-  ■;:•-.,       .not 
 
\ 
 
 \ 
 
 Chap.  VII.         of  the  Puritan  s.  327 
 
 not  be  at  leiiure  toailift  the  Spaniards  whom  he  intended  to  ^  &<?§ 
 aftault,      The  Kilglift)  made  complaints  of  the  encroachments  -.$?* 
 of  the    Dutch    upon    their  Trade,  and  indignities  offered  to  <M«^~V-— J 
 his  Majefty's  Subjects  in   India,  Africa,  and  elfewhere  ;   the 
 French   promoted  thefe'Mifundeifhndings,    and   promifed  to 
 fupply  trie  King  with  what  furnsof  Money  he   wanted  ;  'till 
 at   length  War  was  proclaimed,   Feb.   22,    1664-65,  in  the 
 couife  of  which    fundry    bloody  Engagements  happened  at 
 Sea  ;  the  two  Nations    were   drained   of  their   Blood  and 
 Tre&fure,  and    the    Proteftant  Intereft  almoft  ruined,   while 
 the  French  did  little  more  than  look  on.       The  War  conti- 
 nued about  two   Years  and  a  half,  and  then  ended  with  no 
 manner  of  advantage  to  either  Nation. 
 
 The  next  Judgment  which  befel  the  Nation  was  the  moft  _,  *  p^' 
 dreadful  Plague  that  had  been  known  within,  the  memory  of 
 Man.  This  was  proceeded  by  an  unufual  Drought  ;  the. 
 Meadows  were  patched  and  burnt  up  like  the  Highways,  in 
 fomuch  that  there  was  no  food  for  the  Cattle,  which  occafi" 
 oned  firft  a  Murrain  among  them,  and  then  a  general  Con- 
 tagion among  Mankind,  which  encreafed  in  the  City  and 
 Suburbs  in  London  'till  eight  or  ten  Thoufand  died  in  a 
 Week.  The  richer  Inhabitants  fled  into  the  remoter  Coun- 
 ties ;  but  the  Calamities  of  thofe  who  frayed  behind,  and  of 
 the  poorer  fort,  are  not  to  be  expreffed.  Tiade  was  at  a  full 
 ftand  ;  all  Commerce  between  London  and  the  Country  was 
 entirely  cut  off  ;  no  body  would  receive  their  Wares.  Nay, 
 the  country  Houfe- keepers  and  Farmers  durft  not  entertain 
 their  City  Friends  or  Relations  'till  they  had  performed  Qua- 
 rentine  in  the  Fields  or  Out-Houfes.  If  a  Stranger  palled 
 through  the  Neighbourhood  they  fled  from  him  as  anEnemy. 
 In  London  the  Shops  and  Houfes  were  quite  fhut  up,  and 
 many  of  them  marked  with  a  red  Crofs,  and  an  Infcription 
 over  the  Door,  Lord  have  Mercy  upon  us  !  Grafs  grew  in 
 the  Streets  ;  and  every  Night  the  Bell-Man  went  his  rounds 
 with  a  Cart,  crying,  Bring  outyour  Dead.  From  London  the 
 Plague  fpread  into  the  neighbouring  Towns  and  Villages,  and 
 continued  near  three  quarters  of  a  Year,  'till  it  had  fwept 
 away  almoft  one  hundred  thoufand  of   the  Inhabitants. 
 
 Some  few  of  the  eftabliflied  Clergy,  with  a  commendable  Ejefted 
 Zeal,  ventured  to  continue  in  their  Stations,  and  preach   to  M""ft?J 
 their  Parifhioners   throughout  the  courfe  of  the  Plague,  as  preach 
 Dr.  Walker,  Dr.  Horton,  Dr.  Meriton,  and  a  few  others  ;  puhlickw. 
 but  moft  of  them  fled,  and  deferted  their  Parifhes  at  a  time  f^tM'* 
 when  their  Afiiftance  was  moft  wanted  ;   upon  this  fome  of  Part  IN. 
 
 X  4  the  p-  2-        0 
 
32* 
 
 The  HISTORY  Vol.  IV- 
 
 KinS       the  ejected  Minifters  ventured  to  preach  in  the  vacant  Pul- 
 i66e.      Plts>  imagining  that  fo  an  extraordinary  a  Cafe  would  juftify 
 L— -y— ~j  their  difregard    to  the  Penal   Laws.      The  Minifters    who 
 ventured  on  this  undertaking  were  the  Reverend  Mr.  Tho- 
 mas Vincent,    Mr.   Chefter,   Mr.  Janewaf,  Mr.  Turner, 
 Grimes,  Franklin,  and  others.       The   face  of  Death,  and 
 the  arrows  that  flew  among  the  People  in  darknefs  at  noon 
 day,  awakened  both  preachers  and  hearers  :    Many    who 
 were   at  church  one  day  were  thrown  into  their  graves  the 
 next  ;  the  cry  of  great  numbers  was,  What  fhall  we  do  to 
 be  faved  ?    Such  an  awful  time  England  never  faw  ! 
 Which  But  it  will  amaze  all    Pofterity,  that  in  a  time  both   of 
 
 brings  them  War  and  of  the  Plague,  and  when  the  non-conformift  Mi- 
 therHard-  n^ers  were  hazarding  their  lives  in  the  fervice  of  the  poor 
 ftiips.  diftrefTed   Citizens  of  London,  that  the  prime  Minifter  and 
 
 Baxter's  U\i\s  Creatures,  inftead  of  going  into  mourning  for  the  Nati- 
 Part  HI,  on's  Sins,  and  meditating  a  reformation  of  manners,  fhould 
 p.  3.  pour  out  all  their  vengeance  upon   the  Non-Con formifts,  in 
 
 order  to  make  their  condition  more  unfufferable.  One  would 
 have  thought  fuch   a  judgment  from  Heaven,  and   fuch  a 
 behaviour  of  the  ejected  Minifters,  fhould    have  foftened  the 
 minds  of  their  moft  cruel  Enemies  ;    but   the  Prefbyterians 
 muft  be  crufhed,  let  God  or  Providence  fay  what  they  will 
 Eachard.       to   the    contrary.       Bifhop  Kennet  and  Mr.  Eachard  would 
 p'    24'        excufe   the  Miniftry,    by   alledging,  that  fome   of  the  old 
 Oliv-rian  Officers  were  lifted  in  the  Dutch  Service  ;  which, 
 if  true,  was  nothing  to  the  Prefbyterians,  tho'  Lord  Ciaren 
 don  did  what  he  could  to  incenfe  the  Parliament,  and   make 
 them  believe  they  were  in  confederacy  with   the  Enemies 
 to  the  Government.    In  his  harangue  to  the  Houfes  he  fays, 
 Lord  C!a-     *'  Their   countenances  were  more  ere£t,  and  more  infolent 
 
 Speechforii  ''  ^Ince  ^>e  Deg'nnmg  °f  the  War  than  before  ;  that  they 
 '*  were  ready,  if  any  misfortune  had  befallen  the  King's 
 *•  Fleet,  to  have  brought  the  War  into  our  Fields  and 
 il  Houfes.  The  horrid  Murderers  of  our  late  royal  Maffer 
 "  have  been  received  into  the  moft:  facred  Councils  inHol- 
 "  land  ;  and  other  infamous  Perfons  of  our  Nation  are  ad- 
 "  mitted  to  a  fhare  in  the  conduct  of  their  affairs  with  liberal 
 "  Per.fnns.     Too  many   of  his    Majefty's  Subjects    have 
 
 <s-  been  lifted  in   their  fervice   for  a    maintenance  — 1 ■ 
 
 "  Their     iriends     at    home    made    no    doubt    of  doing 
 "  the    bufinefs    themfelves,   if  they   could   pitch    upon     a 
 *'  lucky  day  to   begin    their    work    If   you  care- 
 ss fully 
 
Chap.  VII.      of  the  Puritans.  3  29 
 
 u  fully   provide   fur    fipprefii.-is;    your    Enemies    at    home,      K'n£g. 
 "   you     will    find     your    Enemies     abroad      enclined      to  Chan" 
 "   Peace  — — — "     Is  it  poffiole  that  fuch    a    fpeech  could  t_y**y~\j 
 proceed   from    the   lips    of  a   faithful    Counfellor    who   was 
 to  afk  for  money   to  carry  on  the  War  ?  Could    the  Chan- 
 cellor  think,   that    the    way    to   conquer    abroad    was    to 
 divide  and  opprefs    the  King's  Subjects  at    home,    in   the 
 mid  ft   of  a   terrible   Plague?   He  confelTed  afterwards,  that  j^  p_  26: 
 he   was  nmft  averle  to  this  War,   and  abhorred   it   from  his 
 very  Soul,  and   yet  he  makes  an  handle  of  it  to  rain  down 
 vengeance  on  the   Prefbytetians,  who  had  no  concern  in  it  ; 
 hue  it  happened  to  them  as  in  popifh   Countries,  when  any 
 general   calamity    befals  the   People,  it   is    imputed   to  too 
 great  indulgence  to  Hrreticks,   and  the  vengeance  falls  upon 
 ti.eir  heads.     Bishop    Burnet  is  of  opinion,    that  the  Oxford 
 Act   was    rather   owing  to  the  liberty  the  Non-Ccnfurmifts 
 took   in  their  fermons   to   complain  of  their  own  hardfhips, 
 and  to  lament  the  vice?  of  the  Court,  as  the  caufes    of   their 
 prefent  Calamities.     And  it  this  .were  true,  it  was  not  with- 
 out juft  reafon. 
 
 However,  the  load  was  to  lie  on  the  diffenting  Minifters,  The  Oxford 
 and  therefore  an  Acl  was  brought  into  the  houfe,  to  banifh  ^e  Wlie 
 them  from   their  friends,  which   had  the  royal  AfTent,  Oc-  ,7  Car.  11. 
 tober  31,    1665.     It  was  entituled,  An  A£t  to  reftrain  Non-  Chap.  2. 
 Conforming  from   inhabiting   Corporations  ;    the   preamble 
 to  which  fets  forth,  "  That  divers   Parfons,  and   others  in 
 "  holy  Orders,  not   having  fubferibed   the  A£\  of  Unifor- 
 "  mity,  have   taken  upon    them    to  preach  in  unlawful  af- 
 "  femblies,  and   to  inlHl  the  poifonous  principles  of  Schifm 
 "  and  Rebellion  into  the  Hearts  of  his  Majefty's  Subjects, 
 "  to  the   great   danger  of  the  Church  and  Kingdom.     Be 
 "  it  therefore  enacted,  that   all  fuch  Non-Conformift  Mi- 
 44  niffers  fhall  take  the  following  Oath  :  I   A.   B.  do  fwear,  The  Oatk. 
 "  that  it  is  not    lawful  upon  any  pretence  whatfoever,  to 
 "  take  up  Arms  againft  the  King  ;  and  that  I  do  abhor  that 
 "  traiterous    pofition   of    taking    Arms    by  his  Authority, 
 '*"  againfl:  his   Perfon,  or  againft  thofe    that  are  commiffi- 
 f*  oned  by  him,  in  purfuance   of  fuch   commiffions  ;   and 
 "  that  I  will  not  at    any  time   endeavour    any   alteration 
 (l  of  Government  either  in  Church  or  State.     And  all  fuch 
 ft  Non-Conformilt  Minifters  fhall  not  after  the   24th  of 
 '■'  .March,    1665.    unlefs  in  paffing  the  road,  come,  or  be 
 
 within 
 
330  The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y  Vol.  IV. 
 
 Kins  u  within  five  miles  of  any  City,  Town  Corporate  or  Borough 
 1665.  '  "  that  fends  BurgefTes  to  Parliament  ;  or  within  five  miles  of 
 i_  -  — ._/  "  any  Parifh,  Town,  or  Place  wherein  they  have  fince  the 
 "  A£t  of  Oblivion  been  Parfon,  Vicar  or  Lecturer,  &c. 
 "  or  when  they  have  preached  in  any  Conventicle  on  any 
 *'  pretence  whatfoever,  before  they  have  taken  and  fub- 
 "  fcribed  the  abovefaid  Oath  before  the  Quarter  Seflions 
 "  for  the  County,  in  open  Court ;  upon  forfeiture  for  eve- 
 "  ry  fuch  offence  of  the  Sum  of  forty  pounds,  one  third 
 *'  to  the  King,  another  to  the  poor,  and  a  third  to  him  that 
 "  mall  Vue  for  it.  And  it  is  further  enacted,  That  fuch  as 
 "  mail  refufe  the  Ofeth  aforefaid,  fhallbe  incapable  of  teach- 
 "  ing  any  publick  or  private  Schools,  or  of  taking  any 
 "  Boarders  or  Tablers  to  be  taught  or  inftru6ted,  under 
 w  pain  of  forty  pounds,  to  be  distributed  as  above.  Any 
 *'  two  Juftices  of  the  Peace,  upon  Oath  made  before  them 
 <e  of  any  offence  committed  againft  this  A<5t,  are  empower- 
 *'  ed  to  commit  the  offender  toprifen  for  fix  Months,  with- 
 **  out  bail  or  mainprize." 
 Baxter,  The  Earl  of  Southampton,   Lord  Wharton,  Afhley,  Dr. 
 
 Part  III.       Earl  Bifhop  of  Salifbury,   and  others,  vehemently  oppofed 
 £'  3"  this   Bill,  out  of  compaflion  to  the  Non-Conformifls,  and 
 
 2;S.  '  as  it  enforced  an  unlawful  and  unjuftifiable  Oath,  which 
 (as  the  Earl  of  Southampton  obferved)  "  No  honeff.  Man 
 **  could  take  ;"  but  the  madnefs  of  the  times  prevailed  a- 
 gainft  all  reafon  and  humanity,  the  promoters  of  the  Act 
 were  Lord  Chancellor  Clarendon,  Archbiftiop  Sheldon, 
 Ward  Bifhop  of  Salifbury,  and  their  creatures,  with  all 
 that  were  fecret  favourers  of  Popery  (fays  Bifhop  Burnet.) 
 Baxter,  It  was  moved  that  the  word  Legally  might  be  inferted  in  the 
 p.  15.  Oath,  before  the  word  Commiffioned  ;  and  that  before  the 
 
 words  '*  Endeavour  to  change  the  Government,"  might  be 
 Inferied  the  word  "  Unlawfully,"  but  all  was  rejected;  how- 
 ever, one  of  the  Judges  on  the  Bench  declaring,  that  the 
 Oath  mufl  be  fo  underftood,  Dr.  Bates  and  above  twenty 
 others  took  it,  to  avoid  the  imputation  of  Sedition  ;  but 
 they  had  fuch  a  Lecture  afterwards  from  the  Bench  for 
 their  fcruples,  that  they  repented  of  what  they  had  done 
 before  they  went  out  of  Court.  Mr.  Howe,  and  about  twelve 
 the  in  Devonfhire,  took  it,  and  a  few  in  Dorfetfhire,  with  a 
 Declaration  in  what  fenfe  and  with  what  limitations  they  un- 
 yfe'  dcritood  it. 
 
 But 
 
 Oath 
 Howe's 
 
Chap.  VII.         of  the  Puritans.  331 
 
 But  the  body  of  Non-Con  form  id  Minifters  refufed   the       King 
 Gath,  choofing  rather  to  leave  their  habitations,  their  re-    ^"g811, 
 lations  and  friends  and  all  vifible  fupport,  than  deftroy  the  i_,~v-  _f 
 peace  of  their  Confciences.     Thofe  Minifters  who  had  fome  But-  thege- 
 little  Eftate  or  Subfiftance  of  their  own,  retired  to  fome  re-  nerahtv  re-^ 
 mote  and  obfcure  Villages,  or  fuch  little  Market  Towns  as  ;nt0  Banilt- 
 were    not  Corporations,  and  more  than  five  miles  from  the  mem. 
 places  where  they  had  preached  ;  but  in  many  Counties  it  was  paxteTrrT 
 difficult  to  find  fuch  places  of  retirement,  for  either  there  p   . 
 were  no  houfes  untenanted,  or  they  were  annexed  to  Farms,  Bum.p.225. 
 which    the    Minifters  were  not  capable  of  ufing  ;  or  the 
 People  were  afraid  to  admit  the  Minifters  into  their  houfes, 
 left  they  fhouid  be   fufpe£ted  as  favourers  of  Non-Confor- 
 mity.    Some   took  advantage  of  the  Minifters  neceflities, 
 and  raifed  their  R.ents  beyond  what  they  were  able  to  give. 
 Great  numSers  were  thus   buried  in  obfcurity,  but  others  Baxter's 
 who  had  neither  money  nor  friends,  went  on  preaching  as  p    'm 
 they  could,  till  they  were  fent  to  prifon,  thinking  it  more  part  I5%' 
 elegible  to  perifti  in  a  Goal  than  to  ftarve  out  of  one  ;  es- 
 pecially when  by  this  means  they  had  fome  occafional  re- 
 lief from   their  hearers,  and  hopes  that  their  Wives  and 
 Children   might  be  fupported  after   their  death.      Many 
 who  lay  concealed  in  diilant  places  from  their  Flocks  in  the 
 day-time,  rid  thirty  or  forty  miles  to  preach  to  them  in  the 
 Night,  and  retired  again  before  day-light.     Thefe  hardfhips 
 tempted  fome  few  to  conform  (fays  Mr.  Baxter)    contrary 
 to  their  former  judgments  ;    but  the  body  of  Diffenters  re- 
 mained ftedfaft  to  their  Principles, and  the  Church  gained  nei- 
 ther Reputation  nor  Numbers.     The  Informers  were  very 
 diligent  in  hunting  after  their  Game  ;  and  the  Soldiers  and 
 Officers  behaved  with  great  fudenefs  and  violence  :  When 
 they  miffed  of  the  Minifters  they  went  into  the  Barns  and 
 Out-houies,  and  fometimes  thruft  their  Swords  up  to  the 
 hilts  in  the  hay  and  ftraw,  where  they  fuppofed  they  might 
 lie  concealed  ;  they  made  havock  of  their  goods,  and  ter- 
 rified the  Women  and   Children  almoft  out  of  their  lives. 
 Thefe  Methods  of  Cruelty  reduced  many  Minifters  with 
 their  Families  to  the  neceftity  of  living  upon  brown  Rye  Bread 
 and  Water  ;    but  few   were   reduced  to   publick  Beggary  Names  of 
 (fays  Mr.  Baxter)  the  Providence  of  God  appearing  wonder-  ^,°n"o0n" 
 fully  for  their  relief,  in  their  greateft  extremities.  gifteredTn" 
 
 •    But  as  if  the  Judgments  of  Heaven  upon  this  Nation  the  Dps. 
 were  not  heavy  enough,  nor  the  Legiflature  fufficiently  fe-  c°urts"ti-ft 
 vere,  the  Bifhops  muft  throw  their  weight  into  the  fcale  ;  VoUii.  -p! 
 1  for  27S>« 
 
332  The  HISTORY         Vol.  IV. 
 
 Kins  for  in  the  very  midfl:  of  the  Plague,  July  7,  1665.  Arch- 
 i6fa.  bifliop  Sheldon  fent  orders  to  the  feveral  Bifhops  of  his 
 ^_,^y-  j  Province  to  make  a  return  of  the  Names  of  all  ejected 
 Non-Conformift  Minifters,  with  their  places  of  abode,  and 
 manner  of  Life  ;  and  the  returns  of  the  feveral  Bifhops  are 
 ftill  kept  in  the  Lambeth  Library;  the  defign  of  the  fcru- 
 tiny  was  to  gird  the  Laws  clofer  upon  the  Diffenters,  and 
 to  know  by  what  means  they  got  their  Bread  ;  and  if  this 
 tender-hearted  Archbifhop  could  have  had  his  Will,  they 
 mult  haveitarved,  or  gone  into  foreign  Countries  for  a  live- 
 lihood- 
 Death  of  Dr.  This  year  put  an  end  to  the  Life  of  Dr.  Cornelius  Bur- 
 Buiges.  ges^  a  j)jvjne  0f  tjie  puritan  (tamp  educated  at  Oxford,  and 
 Chaplain  to  King  Charles  I.  He  fuffered  much  by  the 
 High  Commiflion  Court,  but  taking  part  with  the  Parlia- 
 ment he  was  chofen  one  of  thofe  pacifick  Divines  that  met 
 at  the  Jerufalem  Chamber  to  accommodate  differences  in 
 the  Church  :  He  often  preached  before  the  Houfe  of  Com- 
 mons, and  was  one  of  the  Affembly'of  Divines,  but  refu- 
 fed  to  take  the  Covenant  till  he  was  fufpended.  He  was 
 ejected  at  the  Refioration  from  St.  Andrews  in  the  City 
 of  Wells  in  Somerfctfhire,  but  having  laid  out  all  his  Mo- 
 ney in  Bifhop's  Lands,  he  was  reduced  to  poverty  and 
 want.  He  appeared  at  the  head  of  the  London  Divines 
 againil  bringing  the  King  to  his  Trial,  and  was  efteemed  a 
 very  learned  and  judicious  Divine.  He  died  at  his  houfe  at 
 Waterford,  June  1665. 
 ^nd  of  Dr.  We  have  already  remembered  Dr.  Cheynel  among  the 
 Cheynel.  Oxford  Profeffors,  a  Man  of  great  abilities,  and  a  Mem- 
 ber of  the  AfTembly  of  Divines.  He  quitted  his  prefer- 
 ments in  the  Univerfity  for  refufing  to  take  the  Engage- 
 ment,  and  was  ejecled  from  the  rich  Living  of  Petworth 
 at  the  Reltoration,  but  never  advanced  his  fortune  by  any 
 of  his  preferments.  'Tis  reported  that  he  was  fometimes 
 difordered  in  his  head,  but  he  was  perfectly  recovered  fome 
 years  before  his  death,  which  happened  at  his  houfe  near 
 Brighlhelmffone  in  Suffex,  Sept.  1665. 
 ,65*,.  The   Vices  and   Immoralities  of  the   Nation  not  being 
 
 The  Fiie  of  fufficiently  punifhed  by  the  War  and  Plague,  it  pleafed 
 Umion.  Almighty  God  this  year  to  fuffer  the  City  of  London  to 
 bt  laid  in  afhes  by  a  dreadful  Conflagration,  which  began 
 behind  the  Monument  in  Pudding-Lane,  September  2, 
 and  within  three  or  tour  days  confumed  thirteen  thoufand 
 two  hundred  Dwelling-houfes,  and  eighty  nine  Churches, 
 SHgong  which  was  the  Cathedral  of  St.  Paul's ;  many  pub- 
 lick: 
 
Chap.  VII.         of  the  Pu  r  I  t  a  n  s.  333 
 
 lick  Structures,  Schools,  Libraries,  and  ftately  Edifices.  King 
 Multitudes  of  People  loft  their  Eftates,  their  Goods,  and  Cha1rJgS6IL 
 Merchandize,  and  fome  few  their  Li^es  ;  the  King,  the  ^,-^-^j 
 Duke  of  York,  and  many  of  the  Nobility,  were  Specta- 
 tors of  the  Defolation,  but  had  not  Power  to  (lop  it,  till 
 at  length  it  ceafed  almoft  as  wonderfully  as  it  began. 
 Moorfields  was  filled  with  Houfhold  Goods,  and  the  Peo- 
 ple were  forced  to  lie  in  Huts  and  Tents  :  Many  families 
 who  the  lad:  week  were  in  large  Circumftances,  were  now 
 reduced  to  beggary,  and  obliged  to  begin  the  World  again. 
 The  Authors  of  this  Fire  were  faid  to  be  the  Papifts,  as 
 appears  by  the  Infcription  upon  the  Monument.  The 
 Parliament  being  of  this  perfuafion  petitioned  the  King  to 
 iffue  out  a  Proclamation,  requiring  all  Popifh  Priefts  and 
 Jefuits  to  depart  the  Kingdom  within  a  Month,  and  ap- 
 pointed a  Committee  who  received  evidence  of  fome  Pa- 
 pifts that  were  feen  to  throw  Fire-balls  into  houfes,  and  of 
 others  who  had  materials  for  it  in  their  pockets  ;  but  the 
 Men  were  gone,  and  none  luffered  but  one  Hubert  a  French 
 Man  by  his  own  confefiion. 
 
 In  this  general  confufion,   the  Churches  being  burnt,  and  Produces  3 
 many  of  the  Parifh  Minifters  gone,  for  want  of  Places  of  f""t°fLiiber- 
 Worfhip,  the   Non-Con formifts  refolved   again   to   fupply  coHformifts! 
 the  neceflities  of  the  People  ;  and  it  was  thought  hard   to 
 hinder  Men  from  worshipping  God  any  way  they  could    at 
 this  time  ;  fome  Churches   were  raifed  of  boards,  which 
 they  called  Tabernacles  ;  and  the   Diffenters  fitted  up  large 
 Rooms  with  Pulpits,   Seats  and  Galleries,  for  the  reception 
 of  as  many  as  would  come.     Dr.  Manton  had  his  Rooms  Baxter's 
 full  in  Covent- Garden;  Mr.  Tho.  Vincent,  Mr.  Doolittle,  Life,  p.  19. 
 Dn  Turner,  Mr.  Grimes,  Mr.  Jenkyns,  Mr.  Nath.  Vin- 
 cent, Dr.  Jacomb,  Mr.  Watfon,  had  their  feparate  meet- 
 ings in  other  places.     The  Independents  alfo,  as  Dr.  Owen, 
 •  Dr.  Goodwin,  Mr.  Griffiths,  Brooks,  Caryl,  Barker,  Nye, 
 and  others,  began  the  fame  practice  ;    many  Citizens  fre- 
 quented the  Meetings,  where  the  Liturgy  was  not  read  ; 
 though  the  few  Parifh  pulpits  that  remained  were  filled  with 
 very  able  Preachers  ;  as  Dr.  Tillotfon,  Stillingfleet,  Patrick, 
 White,  Gilford,  Whitchcot,  Horton,    Meriton,  &c.     But 
 none  of  thefe  Calamities  had  any  further  influence  upon  the 
 Court  Prelates,  than  that  theydurft  not  atprefent  profecute 
 the  Preachers  fo  feverely  as  before. 
 
 Among  the  Non-Conformift  Minifters  that  died  this  year, 
 were  the  Revered  Mr.  Edmund  Calamy,  B.   D.  the  eject-  Mr.caiamy, 
 ed  Minifterof  Aldermanbury,  born  in  London,   1600.  and  Abridg.  p-4- 
 
 bred 
 
334  The  HISTORY        Vol.  IV. 
 
 King  bred  in  Pembroke  Hal!,  Cambridge  ;  he  was  firft  Chap- 
 Ch"<J66 IL  *a'n  to  ^r"  Helton,  Bifhop  of  Ely;  and  afterwards  fettled 
 n  _'  _j  at  St.  Edmundfbury,  from  whence  after  ten  years,  he  with 
 thirty  other  Minifters,  were  driven  out  of  the  Diocefe  by 
 Bifhop  Wren's  Vifitation  Articles  and  the  Books  of  Sports. 
 Upon  the  death  of  Dr.  Stoughton,  1639.  he  was  chofen  to 
 Aldermanbury,  where  he  foon  gained  a  vaft  reputation. 
 He  was  one  of  the  Divines  that  met  in  the  Jerufalem  Cham- 
 ber for  accommodating  Ecclefiaflical  Matters,  in  the  year 
 1 641.  He  was  afterwards  a  Member  of  the  Aflembly  at 
 Weftminfter,  and  an  a&ive  Man  in  all  their  proceedings. 
 He  was  one  of  the  moll  popular  Preachers  in  the  City,  and 
 had  a  great  (hare  in  bringing  home  the  King,  but  foon  re- 
 pented his  having  done  it  without  a  previous  Treaty.  He 
 refufed  a  Bifhoprick  becauie  he  could  not  have  it  upon  the 
 terms  of  the  King's  Declaration  ;  and  foon  after  the  Bar- 
 tholomew A£l  was  put  into  Newgate  for  preaching  an  occa- 
 sional Sermon  to  his  Parifhioners.  He  afterwards  lived 
 pretty  much  retired  till  this  year,  when  being  driven  in  a 
 Coach  through  the  ruins  of  the  City  of  London,  it  fo  af- 
 fected him,  that  he  went  home  and  never  came  out  of  his 
 Chamber  more,  but  died  with  in  a  Month,  in  the  67  th  year 
 of  his  age. 
 OfMr.Jack-  Mr.  Arthur  Jackfon,  M.  A.  the  ejected  Minifter  of  St. 
 ion  Faith's  was  born  about  the  year  1 593.  and  educated  in  Cam- 
 
 AbridZ S      bridge.     He  became  Minifter  of  St.  Michael's  Woodftreet  in 
 p.  3.  the  year  1625.  when  the  Peftilence  raged  in  the  City  ;  and 
 
 continued  with  his  Parifh  thoroughout  the  whole  courfe  of 
 the  Diftemper.  He  was  fined  five  hundred  Pounds  for  re- 
 fining to  give  Evidence  againft  Mr.  Love,  and  committed 
 prifoner  to  the  Fleet,  where  he  continued  feventeen  weeks. 
 At  the  Reftoration  he  was  chofen  by  the  Provincial  Afiem- 
 bly  of  London  to  prefent  a  Bible  to  the  King  at  his  publick 
 entrance.  He  was  afterwards  one  of  the  Commiflloners  of 
 the  Savoy;  and  when  the  Uniformity  A£t  took  place,  be- 
 ing old,  he  retired  to  a  private  Life,  and  died  with  great 
 fatisfaclion  in  his  Non-conformity,  Aug.  5,  1665.  in  the  fe- 
 venty  fourth  year  of  his  age. 
 Dr.  Spur-  Dr.  William  Spurftow,  the  ejected  Minifter  of  Hackney, 
 flow.  was  fometime  Mafter  of  Katherine  Hall,  Cambridge,  but 
 
 turned  out  lor  refufing  the  Engagement.  He  was  one  of  the 
 Authors  of  Sme&ymnuus,  a  Member  of  the  Aflembly  of 
 Divines,  and  afterwards  one  of  the  Commiflioners  of  the 
 Savoy  ;  a  Man  of  great  Learning,  Humility,  and  Cha- 
 rity,   and  of  a  chearful  Converfation  :    He  lived  through 
 
 the 
 
Chap.  VII.        of  the  Puritans. 
 
 the  Sicknefs  this  year,  but  died  the  year  following  in  an  ad- 
 vanced age. 
 
 This  year  was  memorable  for  the  Fall  of  the  great  Earl 
 of  Clarendon  Lord  High  Chancellor  of  England,  who  at- 
 tended the  King  in  his  Exile,  and  upon  his  Majefty's  Re- 
 floration  was  made  a  Peer,  and  advanced  to  the  high  Dig- 
 nity of  Chancellor  of  England.  He  governed  with  a  fove- 
 reign  and  abfolute  Sway  as  prime  Miniiler  for  about  two 
 years;  but  in  the  year  1663.  he  was  impeached  of  High 
 Treafon  by  the  Earl  of  Briftol ;  and  though  the  Impeach- 
 ment was  dropt  for  want  of  fome  Form,  his  Intereft  at  Court 
 declined  at  that  time,  and  after  the  Oxford  Parliament  in 
 1665.  his  Lordfhip  was  out  of  all  credit.  This  Summer 
 the  King  took  the  Seals  from  him,  and  on  the  12th  of  No- 
 vember Sir  Edward  Seymour  impeached  him  at  the  Bar  of 
 the  Houfe  of  Lords,  in  the  Name  of  all  the  Commons  of 
 England  of  High  Treafon,  for  fundry  arbitrary  and  tyran- 
 nical proceedings  contrary  to  Law,  by  which  he  had  acqui- 
 red a  greater  Eftate  than  could  be  honeftly  gotten  in  that 
 time — For  procuring  Grants  of  the  King's  Lands  to  his  Re- 
 lations, contrary  to  Law For  correfponding  with  Crom- 
 
 wel  in  his  Exile For  advifing  and  effecting  the  Sale  of 
 
 Dunkirk For  iffuing  out  Quo  Warranto'^  to  obtain  great 
 
 Sums  of  Money  from  the  Corporations — For  determining 
 People's  Titles  to  their  Lands  at  the  Council  Table,  and 
 flopping  proceedings  at  Law,  &c.  The  Earl  had  made  Burnet,  p. 
 himfelf  obn6xious  at  Court  by  his  magifterial  Air  towards  <*S*>  25*« 
 the  King,  and  was  grown  very  unpopular  by  his  new  and 
 flately  Palace  at  St.  James's,  built  in  a  time  of  War  and 
 Peftilence,  which  coft  him  fifty  thoufand  Pounds :  Some 
 called  it  Dunkirk  Houfe,  as  being  built  with  his  fhare  of 
 the  price  of  that  Fortrefs ;  and  others  Holland  Houfe,  as  if 
 he  had  received  Money  from  the  King's  Enemies  in  time  of 
 War.  The  King's  Marriage,  which  proved  barren  was 
 laid  to  his  charge,  and  faid  to  be  contrived  for  the  ad- 
 vancement of  his  Grand-Children  by  the  Dutchefsof  York. 
 When  his  Majefty  enclined  to  get  rid  of  his  Queen,  and 
 if  poffible  to  legitimate  his  addrefTes  to  Mifs  Steward,  the 
 Chancellor  got  her  married  privately  to  the  Duke  of  Rich- 
 mond, without  the  King's  Knowledge,  which  his  Majefty 
 was  told  was  to  fecure  the  Succeffion  of  the  Crown  to  his 
 Family.  Thefe  things  together  with  his  high  oppofition 
 to  the  Roman  Catholicks,  and  to  all  that  were  not  of  his 
 Principles  in  Religion,  procured  him  a  great  many  Ene- 
 mies, 
 
336 
 
 King 
 
 Charles  II. 
 
 1667. 
 
 His  charac- 
 ter. 
 
 P  9S- 
 
 Baxter. 
 Pari  III. 
 p.  20,  21. 
 
 The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y         Vol.  IV. 
 
 mtes,  and  (Truck  him  quite  out  of  the  King's  Favour.  The 
 Earl  did  not  think  fit  to  abide  the  Storm,  but  withdrew  to 
 France,  leaving  a  paper  behind  him,  in  which  he  denied 
 almoit  every  Article  of  his  charge  ;  but  the  Parliament  voted 
 it  fcandalous,  and  ordered  it  to  be  burnt  by  the  hands  of  the 
 common  Hangman.  December  18,  hisLordfhip  was  banifli- 
 ed  the  King's  Dominions  for  Life  by  Act  of  Parliament  ;  he 
 (pent  the  remaining  (even  years  of  his  Life  at  Roan  in  Nor- 
 mandy, among  PapiiTs  and  Presbyterians,  whom  he  would 
 hardly  fufFer  to  live  in  his  own  Country,  and  employed  the 
 chief  of  his  time  in  writing  the  Hiftory  of  the  grand  Re- 
 bellion, which  is  in  every  one's  hands. 
 
 The  Earl  of  Clarendon  was  a  Protectant  of  Laudean  Prin- 
 ciples in  Church  and  State,  and  was  at  the  head  of  all  the 
 penal  Laws  againft  the  Non-conformiils  to  this  time.  Bi- 
 fhop  Burnet  fays,  Ci  He  was  a  good  Chancellor,  but  a 
 "  little  too  rough  ;  that  he  meddled  too  much  in  foreign 
 "  affairs,  which  he  never  underflood  well  ;  that  he  had 
 "  too  much  Levity  in  his  Wit,  and  did  not  obferve  the  De- 
 "  corum  of  his  pof1."  Mr.  Rapin  adds,  "  That  from 
 "  him  came  all  the  blows  aimed  at  the  Non-conformifts 
 "  fince  the  beginning  of  his  Reign.  His  immoderate  Paf- 
 "  fion  againft  Presbyterianifm  was  this  great  Man's  Foible. 
 "  He  gloried  in  his  hatred  of  that  People  ;  and,  perhaps 
 "  contributed  more  than  any  other  Peribn  to  that  excefs 
 "  of  animofity  which  fubfifts  againft  them  at  this  day  among 
 "  the  followers  of  his  Maxims  and  Principles."  Mr.Eachard 
 fays,  V  His  removal  was  a  great  Satisfaction  to  the  Diffen- 
 "  ters ;"  directly  contrary  to  Mr.  Baxter,  "  who  obferves  a 
 "  remarkable  Providence  of  God,  that  he  who  had  dealt  fo 
 "  cruelly  by  the  Non-conformifts  mould  be  banifhed  by  his 
 "  own  Friends,  while  the  others,  whom  he  had  perfecuted, 
 "  were  mod  moderate  in  his  caufe,  and  many  of  them  for 
 "  him.  It  was  a  great  Eafe  that  befel  good  Men  by  his  fall 
 **  (fays  he)  for  his  way  was  to  decoy  Men  into  confpiracies, 
 "  or  pretended  plots,  and  upon  thofe  rumours  innocent 
 "  People  were  laid  in  prifon,  fo  that  no  Man  knew  when  he 
 **  was  fafe  ;  whereas  fince  his  time,  though  the  Laws 
 '<  have  been  made  more  fevere,  yet  Men  are  more  fafe." 
 His  Lordfhip  was  a  perfon  of  very  confiderable  abilities, 
 which  have  been  fuffkiently  difplayed  by  his  admirers,  but 
 I  have  not  been  able  to  difcover  any  of  his  great  or  ge- 
 nerous actions  for  the  fervice  of  the  publick  ;  and  how 
 far  his  conduct  with  regard   to  the  Non-conformifts  was 
 
 confident 
 
Chap.  VIII.     of  the  Puritans.  337 
 
 confident  with  Honefty,  Religion  or  Honour,  mull  be  left      King 
 with  the  Reader.  Ch^ * 
 
 CHAP.    VIII. 
 
 From  the  Banijfhment  of  the  Earl  of  Clarendon  to  the  King's 
 Declaration  of  Indulgence  in  the  year  1672. 
 
 UPON  the  Fall  of  the  great  Earl  of  Clarendon  the  King  movej 
 Difcourfe  of  a  Toleration  began    to   revive  :    The  for  a  Gen. 
 King  in  his  Speech  to  his  Parliament,  Feb.    10.  has   this  J°l  Cal« 
 Paffage,    "  One  thing  more  I  hold  myfelf  obliged  to  re-  jl 
 *'  commend  to  you  at  this  prefent,  that  is,  that  you  would 
 "  ferioufly  think  of  fome  courfe  to  beget   a  better  Union 
 *'  and  compolure  in   the   Minds  of  my   Proteftant   Sub- 
 "  jefrs  in   matters  of  Religion,  whereby  they  may  be  in- 
 "  duced   not  only   to  fubmit  quietly  to  ihe  Government, 
 "  but  alfo  chearfully  give  their   ailiftance  to  the  Support 
 "  of  it."       Sundry   Pamphlets   were  published  upon   this 
 Head ;    and  the   Duke  of  Buckingham   being  now   prime 
 Minifter,  the  Non-conformifts  about  London  were   con- 
 nived at,  and  People  went  openly  to  their  Meetings  with- 
 out fear. 
 
 But  the  Houfe  of  Commons,  who  were  yet  governed  by  parliament 
 the  pernicious  maxims  of  the  late  Chancellor,  petitioned  the  petition  to 
 King  to  ifiue  out  his  Proclamation,  for  enforcing  the  Laws  [""'J111" 
 againft  Conventicles,  and  for  preferving  the  Peace  of  the  Execution. 
 Kingdom,  againft  unlawful  Affemblies  of  Papifts  and  Non-  Gazette, 
 conformifts.     Accordingly  his  Majefty  illued  out  his  Procla-         24Z' 
 mation,  that    k'  upon  confideration  of    the  late   Petition, 
 "  and  upon  Information  that  divers  Perfons  in  feveral  parts 
 "  of  the  Realm  (abufing  his  Clemency,  even  while  it  was 
 "  under  confideration  to  find  out  away  for  the  better  Union 
 "  of  his  Proteftant.  Subjects)    have  of  late  frequently   and 
 "  openly,  in  great  Numbers,  and  to  the  great  disturbance 
 "  of  the  Peace,  held  unlawful  Affemblies  and  Conventi- 
 "  cles,  his  Majefty  declares,  that  he   will  not  furfer  fuch 
 "  notorious  contempt  of  the  Laws  to  go  unpunifhed,  but 
 "  requires,   charges,   and  commands  all  Officers  to  be  cir- 
 "  cumfpect  and  vigilant  in  their  feveral  Jurifdictions,  to  en- 
 *'  force  and  put  the  Laws  in  Execution   againft  unlawful 
 -"  Conventicles,  commanding  them  to  take  particular  care 
 "  to  preferve  the  Peace." 
 
 Vol.  IV.  Y  But 
 
The    HISTORY 
 
 Vol.  IV. 
 
 The  ill  be- 
 haviour of 
 the  ISiftiops 
 and  Clergy. 
 
 p.  253,  258- 
 
 P-  *3i 
 
 ,  Death  of 
 Dr.  Seaman. 
 
 But  the  Sufferings  of  the  Diflenters  began  to  raife  com"* 
 paffion  in   the   minds   of  the    People,   infomuch  that  their 
 numbers  vifibly  encreafed,  partly  through  the  indulgence  of 
 the  Court,  and  the  want  of  Churches  fince  the  fire  of  Lon- 
 don, and  partly   through  the  poverty  of  the  common  Peo- 
 ple,  who  having  little   to  lofe,   ventur'd  to  go  publickly  to 
 Meetings  in  defiance  of    the  Laws.     Befides  the  indolence 
 of  the  eftablifhed  Clergy,  and   the  vigilance  of  the  Non- 
 conforming Minifters,   contributed  very  much  to  it.     Bifhop 
 Burnet  fays,  "  The  King  was  highly  offended  at  the  be- 
 "  haviour  of  moft  of    the  Bifhops ;  Archbifhop    Sheldon 
 t(  and   Morley,    who  kept  clofe  by  Lord   Clarendon,   the 
 "  great  Patron  of    perfecuting    Power,     loft  the    King's 
 "  Favour  ;  the    former  never  recovered  it,    and  the  latter 
 "  was  fent  from  Court  into  his  Diocefe.     When   complaint 
 "  was  made  of  fome  Diforders  and  Conventicles,  the  King 
 "  faid  the  Clergy   were   chiefly  to  blame,    for  if  they  had 
 "  lived  well,  and  gone  about  their  Parifhes,  and  taken  pains 
 **  to  convince  the  Non-conformifts,    the  Nation  might  have 
 '*  been  well  fettled,  but  they  thought  of  nothing  but  to  get 
 "  good  Benefices,  and  keep  a  good  Table."     In   another 
 converfation   with    the   Bifhop,  about    the    ill  State  of  the 
 Church,  his  Majefty  faid,  "  If  the   Clergy  had  done  their 
 "  Parts  it  had  been  eafy  to  run  down  the  Non-conformifts, 
 "  but  they   will  do   nothing  (fays  the  King)   and  will  have 
 '*  me  do  every  thing  j  and   moft   of   them  do  worfe   than 
 "  if  they  did  nothing.     I  have  a  very  honert  Chaplain  (fays 
 "  he)  to  whom  I  have  given  a  Living  in    Suffolk,  but  he  is 
 "  a  very  great  Blockhead,   and    yet  has  brought  all  his  Pa-  ; 
 "  rifh  to  Church  ;  I   can't  imagine    what   he  could  fay  to 
 *'  them,  for   he    is    a   very  filly  Fellow  ;  but  he  has  been 
 tc  about  from  Houfe  to  Houfe,  and    I  fuppofe  his  Nonfenfe 
 "  has  fuited  their  Nonfenfe  ;  and  in  reward  of  his  diligence 
 '*  I  have   given  him   a  Bifhoprick  in  Ireland."     About  this 
 time  Ralph  Wallis,   a  Cobler   of  Gloucefter,  publifhed  an 
 account  of  a  great  number  of  fcandalous  conformift  Mini- 
 fters, and  named  their  Scandals,   to  the  great  difpleafure  of 
 the  Clergy  ;  and  I  fear  (fays  Mr.  Baxter)  to  the  temptation 
 of  many  Non-conformifts,  who  might  be  glad  of  any  thing 
 to  humble  the  Prelatifts. 
 
 The  learned  Dr.  Lazarus  Seaman,  the  ejected  Minifter 
 of  Allhallows  Breadftreet  died  this  year,  of  whom  we  have 
 given  fome  account  among  the  Cambridge  Profefibrs  j  he 
 was  educated  in  Emanuel  College,  ;nJ  by  his  indefatigable 
 Inuuftry   gained  an  high  Reputation  in  the  learned  World 
 
 for 
 
Chap.  VIII.    of  the  Puritans,'  339 
 
 for  his  exact  acquaintance  with  the  oriental   Languages  ;  he       King 
 was  an  able  Divine  ;  an  active  Member  of  the  AfTembly  at  Cha^«U. 
 Wefrminfter,  and  was  taken  notice  of  by  King  Charles    I.  .,_,     _  _j 
 at  the  Treaty  of  the  Ifle    of  Wight,  for  his  lingular  Abili- 
 ties iu  the  Debates  about  Church  Government.     He  was  al- 
 fo  Matter  of  Peter  Houfe,   Cambridge,  but   loir  all  at  the 
 Reftoration  ;  he  underwent  ftrong  pains  with  admirable  pa- 
 tience, and  at  length  died  in  peace  in   the  Month  of  Sep- 
 tember, 1667. 
 
 Mr.   George   Hughes,   B.  D.  the  ejected  Minifler  of  Pli-  ™  ^  <?• 
 mouth,  born  in  Southwark,   and  educated  in  Corpus  Chri-    ""  es' 
 fti  College  in   Cambridge.     He  was  called  to  a  Lecture  in 
 London,  but  was  filenced    for   Non-conformity    by  Arch* 
 bifhop  Laud.     After  fome  time  he  went  to  Taviflock,  and 
 laft  of  all  fettled  at  Plimouth,   having  Infritufion  and  Induc- 
 tion from  Dr.   Brovvnrigge  Bifhop  of  Exeter,  in  the  year 
 1644.     Here   he  continued   till  the  year  1662.  whence  he 
 was  ejected    a    Week  before  the  Act  of   Uniformity  took 
 Place.     He  was  afterwards  impriforied  in  St.  Nicolas  Ifland, 
 where  he  contracted  an  incurable  Scurvy  and  Dropfy,  which 
 at  length   put  an   end  to  his  Life.     He  was  we!!  read  in  the 
 Fathers,  an    acute    Difputant,   a  moft  faithful  Pallor  to   a 
 large  Flock  under  his  care,    and  a  moil  holy  pious  and  ex- 
 emplary Chrifrian,     He  had   the  greater!:  intereft  and  influ- 
 ence of  any  Tvlinifler  in  the  Weft  Country,  and  was  offered 
 a  rich  Bifhoprick  at  the  Restoration,  but  refufed  it.     He  was 
 both  charitable  and    hofpitable   when    it  was   in  his  power, 
 and    died   at  length  in   a     mod  heavenly   manner,   in  the 
 Month  of  Jufy",   1667.    and  in  the   fixty  fourth  year  of  his 
 Age.     The    Reverend  Mr.    John   Howe,    his  Son-in-law, 
 compofed  a  Latin  Epitaph  for  him,  which  is  infcribed  on  his 
 Tomb. 
 
 The  Kingdom  was  at  this  time  full  of  Factions  and  Dif-       i669. 
 contents,  arifing  from  the  latecalamities  of  Fire  and  Plague,  Chappy 
 as  well  as  the  burden  of  the  War  with   the  Dutch  :  Trade  jjaieoftto 
 was  at  a  ftand,  and  great  numbers  of  his  Majefty's  Subjects 
 were  impoverifhed    by  'the   penal    Laws  ;  but  that  which 
 ih-uck  all  confiderate  Men  with  a  panick,    was  the  danger  of 
 the  Protefrant  Intereft,  and   the  Liberties  of  Europe,  from 
 the  formidable  Armies  of  the  French,  which  this  very  Sum- 
 mer over-run   the   Spanifh   Flanders,    and  took    the  (rrong. 
 Towns  of  Charleroy,  Binch,   Aeth,  Douay,  Tournay,  Au- 
 denard,  Lifle,   Courtray,    Furnes,    &c.   which,    with  their 
 Dependencies,    were  yielded  in   full  Sovereignty  to  France, 
 by  the  Treaty  of  Aix  la  Chapel.     The  Engliih  Court  feem- 
 
 Y  2  ed 
 
34o  The    HISTORY         Vol.  IV. 
 
 K'mg        ed  unconcerned  at  the  French   Conquefb    till   they  were 
 166S       awakened  by  the  Clamours  of  the  whole  Nation  ;  upon  this 
 Sir  William  Temple  was  fent  into  Holland,  who  in  a  few 
 Weeks  concluded  a  tripple  Alliance  between  England,   Hol- 
 land,   and    Sweden,  which  flrengthened  the   Protectant  In- 
 tereil  while  it  fubfifted  ;  but  the  French  Miitreffes  and  Mo- 
 ney could  dilfolve  the  ftrongeff.   bonds, 
 Projetfofa       ]n  this  critical  fituation  of  affairs  abroad,   fome  attempts 
 fo°nwli:  en*  were    made    to   quiet  the  minds  of  his  Majefty's  Proteftant 
 Burnet,  p.     Subjects  at  home,  for  Men   began  to  think  it  high  time  for 
 259-  Proteflants  to  put  a  flop  to   "the  pulling  down  their  Neigh- 
 
 bours Houfes,  when  the  common  Enemy  was  threatning 
 the  Deflruclion  of  them  all  ;  therefore  Lord  Keeper  Bridg- 
 man,  Lord  Chief  Juflice  Hales,  Biihop  Wilkins,  Reynolds, 
 Dr.  Burton,  Tillotfon,  Stillingfleet,  and  others,  fet  on  foot 
 a  Comprehension  of  fuch  as  could  be  brought  into  the 
 Church  by  fome  abatements,  and  a  Toleration  for  the  reft. 
 But  the  project  was  blaffed  by  the  Court  Bifhops,  and  Lord 
 Clarendon's  Friends,  who  took  the  alarm,  and  raifed  a 
 mighty  Out-cry  of  the  danger  of  the  Church.  No  body 
 (fays  they)  knows  where  the  demands  of  the  Presbyteri- 
 ans will  end  ;  the  caufe  of  the  Hierarchy  will  be  given  up 
 if  any  of  thofe  points  are  yielded,  which  have  been  fo  much 
 contefted  ;  beficies,  it  is  unworthy  of  the  Church  to  court, 
 or  even  treat  with  her  Enemies,  when  there  is  fo  little  re'a- 
 fon  to  apprehend  that  we  fhould  gain  much  by  it.  But  to 
 this  it  was  replied,  that  the  prodigious  increafe  of  Popery 
 and  infidelity  was  a  loud  call  of  Providence,  to  attempt  eve- 
 ry thing  that  could  be  done  without  Sin  formealing  our  divi- 
 sions. That  tho'  the  Non-con  form  ills  could  not  legally 
 meet  together  to  bring  in  their  conceilions  in  the  name  'of 
 the  Body,  it  was  well  enough  known  what  they  fcrupled, 
 and  what  would  bring  mod  ct'  them  into  the  Church.  That 
 a  compliance  in  fome  leffer  matters  of  indifference  would  be 
 no  reproach,  but  an  honour  to  her,  how  much  fuperior  fo- 
 ever  the  Church  might  be  in  point  of  argument  and  power, 
 the  Propo-  ^'ie  ProP°fa!s  were  drawn  up  by  Bifhop  Wilkins  and  Dr. 
 faU.  Burton,   and  communicated    by   the   Lord  Keeper  to  Dr. 
 
 Baxter's       Bates,  Manton,  and  Baxter,  and  by  them  to  their  Brethren, 
 Pan'  in       under  the  following  Particulars  ; 
 
 p.  25.  I.  That  fuch  Miniflers  who  in  the  late  times  had  been  or- 
 
 dained only  by  Presbyters,  fhould  have  the  impofiticn  of 
 the  hands  of  a  Bifhop,  with  this  Form  of  Words,  "  Take 
 "  thou  authority  to  preach  the  word  of  God,  and  admini- 
 "  fter  the  Sacraments  in  any  Congregation  of-  the  Church 
 
 of 
 
Chap.  VIII.      of  the  Puritans.  341 
 
 "  of   England,    when    thou  fhalt   be    lawfully    appointed      King 
 "   thereunto.    '  ■     "  C^?fcs  "• 
 
 2.  That  inftead  of  all  former  Subfcriptions,  after  the  ._,_  _^_ 
 Oaths  of  Allegiance  and  Supremacy,  they  fubfcnbe  the 
 following  Declaration:  I  A.  B.  do  hereby  profefs  and  de- 
 clare, that  I  approve  the  Doctrine,  Worihip,  and  Govern- 
 vent  eftablifned  in  the  Church  of  England,  as  containing  all 
 things  neceffary  to  Salvation  ;  and  that  I  will  not  endea- 
 vour by  myfelf,  or  any  other,  directly  or  indire&ly,  to  bring 
 in  any  Doctrine  contrary  to  that  which  is  fo  eftabiimed. 
 And  I  do  hereby  promife,  that  I  will  continue  in  the  Com- 
 munion of  the  Church  of  England,  and  will  not  do  any 
 thing  to  diflurb  the  peace  thereof. 
 
 3.  That  the  gefture  of  kneeling  at  the  Sacrament,  the 
 Crofs  in  Baptifm,  and  bowing  at  the  Name  of  Jefus,  be 
 left  indifferent,   or  taken  away. 
 
 4.  That  if  the   Liturgy  and  Canons  be  altered  in  favour 
 of  Difienters,  then  every  Preacher  upon  his  Inflitution  fhall 
 declare  his  aflent  to  the  Lawfulnefsof  the    Ufe  of  it,  and. 
 promife,  that  it  (hall  be  conftantly  ufed  at  the  time  and  place 
 accuftomed. 
 
 The  Alterations  propofed  to  be  made  in  the  Liturgy,  were  Alterati- 
 thefe  ;  .  in  ">e  Li. 
 
 To  read  the  Pfalms  in  the  new  Tranflation.  fIT  • 
 
 To  appoint  Leflbns  Out  of  the  Canonical  Scripture   in- Life,  p.  34. 
 flead  of  the  Apocrypha. 
 
 •  Not  to  enjoin  God -Fathers  and  God-Mothers,  when  ei- 
 ther of  the  Parents  are  ready  to  anfwer  for  the  Child  in 
 Baptifm.  To  omit  that  expreftion  in  the  Prayer,  ."  By 
 "  fpiritual  Regeneration."  To  change  the  Queffion, 
 "  Wilt  thou  be  baptized  ?  into,  wilt  thou  have  this  Child- 
 "  baptized  ?"  To  omit  thofe  Words  in  the  Thankfgiving, 
 "  To  regenerate  this  Infant  by  thy  holy  Spirit,  and  to  re-. 
 "  ceive  him  for  thy  Child  by  Adoption."  And  the  fir  ft  Ku- 
 brick after  Baptifm,  "  If  is  certain  by  God's  Word,  &c." 
 In  the  Exhortation  after  Baptifm,  inftead  of,  "  Regenerate 
 "  and  grafted  into  the  Body,  to  fay,  "  Received  into  the 
 "  Church  df  thrift."  No  part  of  the  Office  of  Baptifm  to  be 
 repeated  in  pubiick  when  the  Child  has  been  lawfully  bap^ 
 tized  in  private. 
 
 To  omit  this  PafTage  in  the  Office  of  Confirmation, 
 "  After  the  example  of  thy  holy  ApofUes,  and  to  certify 
 "  them  by  this  Sign  of  thy  favour,  and  gracious  gecdnefs 
 "  towards  thtm."  And  inftead  of,  "  Vouch fafe  to  reg  ne- 
 u  raie,  read,.  i(  Vouchiate  to '.receive  into  thy  Church  by 
 M  Bap.ifm. 
 
 Y  4  To 
 
The    HISTORY  Vol.  IV. 
 
 To  omit  the  Expreflion  in  Matrimony, "  With  my  BccK 
 "  I  thee  worfhip;"  and  that  in  the  Colled,  "  Tho11 
 ">  haft  confecrated,  &c." 
 
 In  the  Vifitation  of  the  Sick,  Miniflers  to  be  allowed  to 
 make  ufe  of  fuch  Prayers  as  they  judge  expedient. 
 
 In  the  Burial  of  the  Dead,  inftead  of,  "  Forafmuch  as 
 "  it  hath  pleafed  Almighty  God,  of  his  great  Mercy,  to 
 u  take  unto  himfelf,&c.read,  "  Forafmuch  as  it  has  pleafed 
 "  Almighty  God  to  take  out  of  this  World  the  Soul,  &c. 
 "  Inftead  of,  in  fure  and  certain  hope,  to  read,  *'  in  a  full 
 f*  affurance  of  the  Refurrection  by  our  Lord  Jefus  Chrift." 
 To  omit  the  following  Words,  "  We  give  thee  hearty 
 *<  thanks,  for  that  it  has  pleafed  thee  to  deliver  this  our 
 '■  Brother,  out  of  the  miferies  of  this  finful  World  ;"  and 
 thefe  other,  ¥  As  our  hope  is  this  our  Brother  doth-" 
 
 In  the  Communion  Service  to  change,  tf  That  our  finful 
 (i  Bodies  may  be  made  clean  by  his  Body,"  into,  "  Our  fin- 
 M  ful  Souls  and  Bodies  may  be  cleanfed  by  his  precious 
 «  Body  and  Blood." 
 
 The  Commination  not  to  be  enjoined. 
 
 The  Liturgy  to  be  abbreviated,  efpecially  as  to  the  Morn-* 
 \ng  Service,  by  omitting  all  the  Refponfal  Prayers,  from 
 "  O  Lord,  open  thou,  &:c."  to  the  Litany  ;  and  the  Li- 
 tany, and  all  the  Prayers,  from,  "  Son  of  God,  we  be- 
 *'  feech  thee,  &c.  to,  "  We  humbly  befeech  thee,0  Father. 
 
 The  Lord's  Prayer  not  to  be  enjoined  more  than  once 
 (viz.  after  the  abfolution,  except  after  the  Minister's  Prayer 
 before  Sermon. 
 
 The  Gloria  Patri  to  be  ufed  but  once,  after  reading  the 
 Pfalm?. 
 
 !  The  Venite  Exultemus  to  be  omitted,  unlefs  it  be  thought 
 fit  to  put  any,  or  all  of  the  firft  (even  among  the  Sentences 
 at  the  beginning. 
 
 The  Communion  Service  to  be  omitted  when  there  are 
 no  Communion-days,  except  the  Ten  Commandments, 
 which  may  be  read  after  the  'Creed  j  and  enjoining  the 
 Prayer,  "  Lord  have  Mercy  upon  us,  and  incline  our 
 "  Hearts  to  keep  thefe  Laws,"  only   once,  at  the  End. 
 
 The  Collects,  Epiftles,  and  Gofpels,  to  be  omitted,  ex- 
 cept on  particular  Holy  Days, 
 
 The  Prayers  for  the  Parliament  to  be  inferted  immedi- 
 ately after  the  Prayer  for  the  Royal  Family,  in  this  or  the 
 like  Form,  "  That  it  may  pleafe  theetodirecl  and  profperall 
 
 "  The  Confultations  of    the    High    Court  of    Parliament 
 
 u  t» 
 
Chap.  VIII.        of  the  P  u  r  i  t  A  n  s.  343 
 
 "  to  the  advantage  of  thy  glory,  the  good  of  the  Church,  c,K.inS 
 **  the  Safety,  Honour,  and  welfare  of  our  Sovereign  and  l668 
 *'  his  Kingdoms."  *— v— ^ 
 
 To  omit  the  two  Hymns  in  the  Confecration  of  Bifhops, 
 and  ordination  of  Priefts. 
 
 In  the  Catechifm,  after  the  firft  Qyeftion,  "  What  is 
 "  thy  Name  ?  It  may  follow,  "  When  was  this  Name  given 
 **  thee?"  after  that,  "  What  was  promifed  for  you  in  Bap- 
 "  tifm  ?"  Anfw.  "  Three  things  were  promifed  for  me."  In 
 thequeftion  heforethe  commandments,  it  may  be  alteredthus, 
 "  You  faid  it  was  promifed  for  you."  To  the  fourteenth 
 queftion,  "  How  many  Sacraments  hath  Chrift  ordained  ?" 
 The  anfWer  may  be,  "  two  only,  Baptifm  and  the  Lord's 
 ««  Supper." 
 
 Mr.  Baxter  propofed  further,  That  the  Subfcription 
 might  be  only  to  the  Doctrinal  Articles  of  fhe  Church. 
 That  the  power  of  Bifhops,  and  their  Courts,  to  fufpend 
 and  filence  men,  nrght  be  limited.  -That  the  baptifmal 
 Covenant  might  be  explicitly  owned  by  all  that  come  to 
 the  Sacrament.  But  it  was  replied,  that  more  than  what 
 was  above-mentioned  would  not  pafs  with  the  Paaliament. 
 
 The  propofals  for  a  toleration  were  communicated  by 
 Mr.  Baxter  to  the  Independants  by  Dr.  Owen,  and  were 
 to  the  following  effect. 
 
 1.  That  fuch  Proteftants  who  could  not  accept  of  theAnlndul- 
 Propofals  for  a  comprehenfion  might  have  liberty  for  the6encefor 
 exercife  of  their  Religion  in  publick,  and    to   build,    or   to  luclJ  as 
 
 1  r  l    •  1  i-   1  n  •  1     •  could  not  be 
 
 procure    places    for    their  publick    worinip   at   their    own  comprehen- 
 charges,  tither  within  or  near  towns,    as   (hall   be  thought <1ed- 
 moft  expedient.  S^plut 
 
 2.  That  the  names  of  all  fuch  perfons  v;ho  are  to  have  III.  p.  34, 
 this  liberty    be  regifter'd,    together  with  the  Congregations  36. 
 
 to  which  they  belong  ;  and  the  Names  of  their  Teachers. 
 
 3.  That  every  one  admitted  to  this  liberty  be  difabled 
 from  bearing  any  publick  Office,  but  (hall  fine  for  offices 
 of  burden. 
 
 4.  Upon  (hewing  a  Certificate  of  being  lifted  among 
 thofe  that  are  indulged,  they  (hall  be  freed  from  fuch  legal 
 penalties  as  are  to  be  inflicted  on  thofe  who  do  not  frequent 
 their  Parifh  Churches. 
 
 5.  Such  Perfons  (o  indulged  (hall  not  for  their  meeting 
 in  Conventicles  be  punifhed  by  confifcationof  eftates. 
 
 6.  Provided  they  pay  all  publick  duties  to  the  Parifh 
 whete  they  inhabit,   under  penalty  of 
 
 7.  This  Indulgence  to  continue  three  Years. 
 
 Y  4  Ac- 
 
344  '    ■    The,  HISTORY      '      Vol.  IV. 
 
 K'ng  According    to    thefe    heads  of    Agreement   a  Bill  was 
 
 irles  IT 
 1668. 
 
 '    prepared   for  the  Parliament  by  Lord  Chief  Juftice  Hales; 
 
 but  Bifhop  Wilkins,   an  honeft  open-hearted  Man,     having 
 They're      difclofed  the  affair  to  Bifhop  Ward,    in  hopes  of  his   affift- 
 TalHed  by    ance'  alarmed  the  Bifhops,    who  inftead  of    promoting   the 
 Bumet',  p.    defign,  confulted  mcafures  to  defeat  it ;   for   as   foon   as  the 
 p.  260.        Parliament  met,    notice  was  taken  that  there  were  rumours 
 without  doors,  of  an  Acl  to  be  offered   for  Compreheniion 
 and  Indulgence,    upon  which  a  Vote  was  palled,    that    no 
 Mart   fhould    bring   fuch    an   A£l  into  the  Houfe.     And  to 
 crufh  the    Non-Conformifts   more   effectually,    Archbifhop 
 Sheldon  Writ  a  circular  Letter  to  the   Bifhops  of   his  Pro- 
 vince,   dated  June   8.    to  fend  him  a  particular.  Account  of 
 the  Conventicles  in  their  feveral  Diocefes,  and  of  the  num- 
 bers  that  frequented  them ;     and   whether    they    thought 
 They  might  be  eafily  fupprefTed    by    the   Civil  Magiftratei 
 When  he  was  provided  with  this    information   he   went   to 
 the  King,  and  obtained  a   Proclamation   to  put  -the    Laws 
 in  Execution  againft  the  Non-Conformifts,    and    particular-* 
 ly  againfi    the  Preachers>  according  to  the  Statute  of    17th 
 King  Charles  II.  which  forbids  their  inhabiting  Corporations. 
 Thus  the  perfecution   was    revived,    and   the   Parliament 
 fT ill  bent  on    feverities,    appointed  a  Committee  to  enquire 
 into  the  behaviour  of  the  Non-Conformifis,    who   reported 
 P.'^ccuiion  t0  t<nt  "oufe>  tn-at  divers  Conventicles,    and  other  feditious 
 revived.        Meetings,     were    held   in    their    very     neighbourhood,     in 
 defiance  of  the  Laws,  and  to  the  dangei    of    the  peace  of 
 the  Kingdom.     General    Monk,    who    was  near   his  end, 
 and  funk  almoft  into  contempt,    was   employed   to*  difperfe 
 ^Jine,  p.    tnem^  ar)(j  recejvecj  tne  thanks  of  the  Houfe  for    his  zeal  in 
 that  important  frvice,  wherein  he  was   fure  to  meet    with 
 no  oppofition.     They  alfo   returned   his   Majefty    Thanks, 
 for  his  Proclamation   for  fupprefTmg  Conventicles,    defiring' 
 Gazette       ^im  t0  ta^e  tr5e  ^ame  care  f°r  tne  future.       By  this    means 
 No.  415.     the  private   Meetings  of    the  DifTenters,    which   had  been 
 held  by  connivance,  were  broken  up  again.      Mr.    Baxter 
 Mr  Eaxter  was  committed  to  Clerkenwell    Prifon,    for  preaching    to 
 and  otheis    his  neighbours  in  hisown  Houfe  at  Acton,    and   for  refilling 
 imprisoned,  the  Oxford  Oath  ;   but  upon  demanding  an  Habeas  Corpus, 
 rrr  n  a       his  Mittimus  was  declared  invalid  for  want  of  naming    the 
 Witneffes.      The  Juftices  would  have   mended   their   Mitti- 
 mus and  fent  him  to  Newgate,  bur  Mr.    Baxter  being  re* 
 ieufed   wifely   kept  out  of    the  way.      Mr.    Tavernor  of 
 Uxb.idge  was  fentenced    to   Newgate  for   teaching  a    few 
 Children    at     Brentford.      Mr.  "Button,-   late   Univerfity 
 
 Orator, 
 
 58, 
 
 JII.  p,  4 
 
Chap.  VIII.     of  the  Puritans.  345 
 
 Orator,  wasfent  to  Prifon  for  teaching  two-  Knights  Sotis  Kin? 
 in  his  own  Hcufe  ;  and  multitudes  in  many  Counties  had  ar'^8< 
 the  like  ufage,  fuffeiing  imprifonment  for  fix  Months.  ■_— v-  _f 
 
 But   this   was  contrary   to  the  King's  inclinations,  who  Not  aereea- 
 was  only  for  playing   the   Diffenters  againft    the  Parliament  J^10,^,. 
 forafumof  Money;  when   the   Houfe  therefore    was  up,  nations, 
 his  Majrfty  ordered   fbme    of    the   Non-Conformifts    to   be  Baxter's 
 told,  that  he  was  defirous  to  make  them  eafy,    and    that  'f  p^j' IIL 
 they  would   petition   for  relief   they  fliould  be  favourably  37)  g7.    p' 
 heard.       Sir  J.    Barber,    Secretary  of    State,    acquainted 
 Dr.  Manton  with  the  King's  intention,    upon    which    an 
 Addrefs  was  drawn  up  and  prefented  to  his  Majefty  at   the 
 Ear!  of    Arlington's  lodgings    by   Dr.    Jacomb,    Manton, 
 and  Bates  ;  the  King  received   them   gracioufly,    and   pro- 
 mifed  to  do  his  utmoft    to  get  them  comprehended   within 
 the  Eftablifhment.     He  wirned  there  had  been  no  bars  at  all, 
 but  that  he  was  forced  to  compiy  for  Peace  fake,    but  that 
 he  would  endeavour  to  remove  them,    tho'    it   was  a  work 
 of  difficulty.     He  complained  of    the   umbrage   that   their 
 numerous  afTemblies  gave -to  clamorous  People,    and  advifed 
 them  to    ufe  their   liberty  with   more  difcretion   hereafter. 
 When  the  Minifters  promifed  obedience,    and   affured   his 
 Majefty  of   their  fteady  loyalty,    and   conftant  prayers  for 
 the  profperity  of  his  Perfon  and  Government,    he  difmiffed 
 them   with    a  fmile,   and  told   them,  that  "  He  was  againft 
 "  Perfecution,    and  hoped  e'er  long  to  be  able  to  ftand  upon 
 "  his  own  Legs."  But  his  Majefty's  Promifes  were  always  to 
 be  brought  off  by  a  Sum  of  Money  to  fupport  his  pleasures. 
 
 The  Controverfy  of    the  Reafonablenefs   of  Toleration  Debates 
 was  now  warmly  debated  without  doors;     many  i.'lnatured  without 
 Books  were  writ  to  expofe  the  doctrine  of    the    Prefbyteri-  ^oors- 
 ans,    as  leading    to    Antinomianifm   and   licentioufnefs   ofpartjji.  p. 
 manners.      Others  expofed   their  characters  and  manner  of  39- 
 Preaching.    Among  thefe  muft  be   reckoned   The  Friendly 
 Debate,     which,     tho'    writ   by  a  good  Man  (favs  Bifhop  j   Debate!  " 
 Burnet)  had  an  ill    effect   in  fharpning    People's  fpirits  too  Burnet,  p. 
 much  againft  the  Diffenters :    The  Author  was  Dr.  Simon  26°* 
 Patrick,   afterwards  Bifhop  of  Ely,   but  now  in  the   heat  of 
 his  Youth  ;    who  by  aggravating  fome  weak  and  unguarded 
 exprefiion!*  endeavoured  to  expofe  the  whole  Body  of    Non-. 
 Conformift  Minifters  to   contempt.      But  I   muft  do  this 
 Prelate  fo  much  Juftice  as  to  inform   the  Reader,  that  in 
 his  advanced  age  he  declared  his  Ditfatisfacjion  with  this  part 
 of  his  conduct:  ;    for  in   a  debate  in  the  Houfe  of  Lords 
 about  the  Occafional  Bill,  he  faid,  "  He  had   been  known 
 
 to 
 
346  The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y       Vol.  IV. 
 
 King       "  to  write   againfl:   the   D'flenters  with  fome  warmth   in 
 
 1668       **  ^'s  younger  years,  but  that  he  had  lived  long  enough    to 
 
 ^1—   ■    _»  "  fte  reafon  to  alter  his  opinion   of    that  people,    and   that 
 
 "  way  of  writing."      A   rare    Inftance  of   Ingenuity   and 
 
 Candor  !  We  {hall  have  occafion  to  mention  Sir   Roger   L' 
 
 Eltrange  hereafter. 
 
 _       »>  But  one  of  the  mod  virulent  writers  of  his  time,    under 
 
 earn,  rar-       _  _^  «  1    n     1  r 
 
 Jcrrand        the  form  of  a  Clergyman,  was  Samuel  Parker,    afterwards 
 
 And.  Mar-   Bifhop   of   Oxfoid,    a  Man   of    confiderable   learning  and 
 
 Burnet   n    ^at>'r'ca'  vivacity,  but  of  no  Judgment,  and  as  little  virtue; 
 
 %6c.    '        as   to    Religion    (fays  Bifhop  Burnet)  rather  impious  than 
 
 otherwife  ;  but  at  length  Andrew  Marvel,    the  livelieft  wit 
 
 of    the    age,    attack'd   him  in  a  burlefque  {train,  and  with 
 
 a  peculiar  and  entertaining  manner,    that   from  the    King 
 
 down  to  the  Tradefman,  his   books   were  read   with   great 
 
 pleafure.     He  had  all  the  men  of  wit  on  his  fide,    and   not 
 
 only    humbled    Parker   more  than  the   ferious  and    grave 
 
 writings  of  Dr.    Owen,     but    filenced   the    whole  Party ; 
 
 one  of    whom  concluded  his  Letter  to   Mr.  Marvel  with 
 
 Rehearfal     tnefe   words,    "  If  thou  dareft  to  print  or  publifh  any  Lie 
 
 ParAf.0  e     '*  or   Libel  againft  Dr.  Parker,  by  the  eternal   God  I  will 
 
 in  Tit.         '*  cut  thy  Throat."       Subfcribed   J.  G.      Ail  lober   men 
 
 were  of  opinion,  that  it  was  ungenerous  and  cruel   to   tieat 
 
 a  number  of  peaceable  men,  whom  the  laws  had  put  almoft 
 
 Rapin.  p.     out  of   their  Protection,  in  fo  ludicrous  a  manner.     Religi- 
 
 40  "  on  it  felf    fuffer'd  by   it.       I  remember,    fays  Lord  Chief 
 
 Juftice  Hales,  that  when  Ben   Johnfun    in  his  Play  of   the 
 
 Alchymift  introduced  Anartus  in  derifton  of   the   Puritans, 
 
 with    many   of    their  phrafes  taken   out   of    Scripture,  in 
 
 order  to  render  that  People  ridiculous,  the  Play  was  deteft- 
 
 ed  and  abhorred,  becaufe  it   feemed    to    reproach   Religion 
 
 it  felf ;     but    now,    when   the    Prefbyterians  were  brought 
 
 upon    the   Stage    in    their  peculiar  habits,    and    with   their 
 
 diffir.o-nifhing  phrafes  of  Scripture,  expofed  to   the  laughter 
 
 of  Spectators,  it  met  with  applaufe  and  approbation. 
 
 But  fuch  was  the  complexion  of  the  Court,  that  they 
 nefiof°the  b'd  defiance  to  Sobriety  and  Virtue,  and  continued  to  give 
 Court  and  countenance  to  all  manner  of  extravagance.  The  Play- 
 City  Houfes  were  become  nefts  of  Proflitution  (fays  Burnet)  and 
 
 il^zCi'  the  Stage  was  defiled  beyond  Example  ;  the  King,  Queen, 
 Rapin,  p.  and  Courtiers,  went  about  in  Mafks,  and  came  into  Citizens 
 4°3*  Houfes  unknown,  where  they  danced  with    a   great  deal  of 
 
 wild  Frolick,  and  committed  indecencies  not  to  be  mentio- 
 ned. They  were  carried  about  in  Hackney  Chairs,  and  none 
 
 could 
 
Chap.  VIII.     of  the  Puritans. 
 
 cou^d  diitissguiih  them  but  thofe  who  were  in  the  fecret. 
 Once  the  Queen's  Chairman  not  knowing  who  (he  was,  left 
 her  to  come  home  in  a  hackney  Coach,  fbme  fay  in  a  Cart, 
 Buckingham  who  gloried  in  his  debaucheries,  and  Wilmot 
 Earl  of  Rochefter,  the  moft  licentious  wit  of  his  age,  were 
 the  principal  favourites.  To  fupport  thefe  extravagancies  the 
 Houfe  of  Commons  fupplied  the  King  with  what  money  he 
 wanted,  and  were  themfelves  fo  mercenary,  that  the  purchafe 
 of  every  man's  vote  was  known  ;  for  as  a  man  rofe  in  credit 
 in  the  Houfe  he  advanced  his  price,  and  expected  to  be  treat- 
 ed accordingly . 
 
 The  Univcrfity  was  no  lefs  corrupt,  there  was  a  general  '^? 
 licentioufnefs  of  manners  among  the  Students  ;  the  Sermons  veif,ty. 
 of  the  younger  Divines  were  filled  with  encomiums  upon  the 
 Church,  and  Satyr  againft  the  Non-Conformifts  ;  the  Evan- 
 gelical Doctrines  of  Repentance,  Faith,  Charity,  and  practi- 
 cal Religion  were  out  of  fafhion.  The  Speeches  and  Pane- 
 gyricks  pronounced  by  the  Orators  and  Terrae  Filius,  on 
 publick  occafions,  were  fcurrilous,  and  little  iefs  than  blafphe- 
 mous ;  as  appears  by  the  letter  in  the  Margin  from  Mr. 
 Wallis  to  the  Honourable  Robert  Boyle,  Efq;  *  of  the  pro- 
 ceedings at  the  opening  of  Archbiihop  Sheldon's  Theatre, 
 which  is  copied  verbatim  from  the  Original  under  his  own 
 Hand. 
 
 About 
 
 *  Letter  from  Mr.  John  Wallis  to  the  Honourable  Robert  Boyle, 
 Efq;  dated  from  Oxford,  July  17.  1669. 
 
 SIR, 
 
 AFTER  my  humble  thanks  for  the  honour  of  yours  of  July 
 3.  I  thought  it  not  unfit  to  give  you  fome  account  of  our  late 
 proceedings  here.  Friday,  July  9.  was  the  Dedication  of  our 
 hew  Theater.  In  the  morning  was  held  a  Convocation  in  it,  for 
 entering  upon  the  pofleflion  of  it ;  wherein  was  read,  firft  the 
 Archbifhop's  inftrument  of  Donation  (fealed  with  his  Archiepifco- 
 pal  Seal  of  the  Theater,  with  all  its  furniture,  to  the  end  that  St. 
 Mary's  Church  may  not  be  further  profaned  by  holding  the  Aft  in 
 jt.  Next,  a  Letter  of  his,  declaring  his  intention  to  lay  out  2000I. 
 for  a  purchafe  to  endow  it.  Then  a  Letter  of  thanks  to  be  fent 
 from  the  Univerfity  to  him,  wherein  he  is  acknowledged  to  be 
 both  our  Creator  and  Redeemer,,  for  having  not  only  built  a  Thea- 
 ter for  the  Aft,  but,  which  is  more,  delivered  the  blefTed  Virgin 
 from  being  fo  profaned  for  the  future  :  He  doth  (as  the  words  of 
 the  letter  are)  Non  tantum  condere,  hoc  eft  creare,  fed  etiam  redi- 
 mere.  Thefe  Words  (  I  confefs  flopped  my  mouth  from  giving  a 
 Placet  to  that  Letter  when  it  was  put  to  the  vote.  I  have  fince  de- 
 fired 
 
348  The  HIS  TORY        Vol.  IV. 
 
 i66<). 
 
 Kj«?fe  About  tins  time  died  the  Reverend  Mr.  Matthew  New- 
 
 c^ar^IL    comen,  M.  A.  the  ejected  Minifter  of  Dedbam  in  EfTex  ;  he 
 was  educated  in  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge,  and  fucceed- 
 
 ed 
 
 fired  Mr.  Vice-chancellor  to  confider,  whether  they  were  notliabie 
 to  ajuft  exception.     He  did  at  firft  excufe   it;  but,  upon  further' 
 thoughts,  I  fuppofe  he  will  think  fit  to  alter  them,  before  the  Let- 
 ter be  fent  and  regifter'd.     After   the  voting  of  this   Letter,  Dr. 
 South  (a?  Univeriity  Orator  made  a  long  Oration  ;  the  firfl  part  of 
 which  confifted  of  fatyrical  invectives  againft  Cromwel,  Fanaticks, 
 the  royal    ociety,  and  new  Philofophy.     The  next    of  Encomiaf- 
 ticks  >  in  praife  of  the  Archbifhop,  the  Theater,  the  Vice-chancel- 
 lor, the  A<chi;ec~t,  and  the  Painter.     The  laft  of  Execrations ;  a- 
 gainft  Fanaticks.  Conventicles,  Comprehenfion,  and  new  Philofo- 
 phy  ;  damning  them  Ad  Inferos,  Ad  Gehennam,  The  Oration  be- 
 in"  ended,  fome  hongrary  Degrees  were  conferred,  and  the  Convo- 
 cation difiblved.     The  Afternoon  was  fpent  in  panegyrick  Orati- 
 ons, and  reciting  of  Poems  in  feveral  forts  of  Verfe,  compofed  in 
 praife  of  the  Archbifhop,  the   Theater,   &c.    and  crying   down; 
 Fanaticks.     The  whole  action  began  and  ended  with  a  noife  of 
 Trumpets;  and  twice  was  interpofed  variety   of  Mufick,  vocal 
 and  inftrumental ;    purpofely  compofed    for  this   occafion.     On 
 Saturday  and  Monday,  thofe  exercifes  appertaining  to  the  Act  and 
 Vefpers.  which  were  wont  to  be  performed  in  St.  Mary's  Church, 
 were  had  in  the  Theater.     In    which,  befide  the  number  of  pro- 
 ceeding Doclors  [nine  in  Divinity,    four  in  Law,  five  in  Phyfick* 
 and  one  in  Mufick)  there  was  little  extraordinary  ;    but  only  that 
 the  Terrae  Filius  for  both  days  were  abominably  fcurrilous ;  and  fo 
 funered  to  proceed  without  the  leaft   check  or  interruption  from 
 Vicechancellor;  Pro-Vicechancellors,  Proclors,  Curators,  or  any  of 
 thofe  who  were  to  govern  the  Exercifes  ;  which  gave  fo  general 
 offence  to  all  honeft  Spectators,  that  I  believe  the  Univerfiiy  hath 
 thereby  loft  more  reputation  than  they  have  gained  by  all  the  reft  : 
 All,  or  moft  of  the    heads  of  houfes,  and  eminent  Perfons  in  the 
 Univerfity,  with  their  relations,  being  reprefented  as  a  company  of 
 Whore  Matters,  Whores  and  Dunces.     And,  among  the  reft,  the 
 excellent  Lady  which  your  Letter  mentions,  was,  in  the  broacleft 
 Language,   repr  'Tented  as  guilty   of  thofe   Crimes,  of  which  (if 
 there  were  occafion)  you  would  not  ftick  to  be  her  Compurgator ; 
 and  (if  it  had  been  fo)  fhe  might  (yet)  have  been  called  Whore  in 
 much  more  civil  language.     During  this  Solemnity  (and  for  fome 
 days  before  and  fince)  have  been  confhntly  a&ed  (by  the  Vice- 
 chancellor's  Allowance)  tw  o  Stage  Plays  in  a  Day  (by  thofe  of  the 
 Duke  of  York's  Houfe)  at  a  Theater  erected  for  that  purpofe  at  the 
 Town-Hall ;  which  (for  ought  1  hear)  was  much  the  more  inno- 
 cent Theater  of  the  two.     It  hath  been  here  a  common  fame   for 
 divers  Weeks  (before,  at,  and  fince  the  Act)  that  the  Vice-chancel. 
 lor  had  given  300  1.  Bond)  (fome  fay  500  1.  Bond)  to  the  Terrae 
 Films,  to'fave  them  harmlefs,  whatever  they  fhould  fay,  provided 
 -  it 
 
Chap.  VIII.      of  the  Pu  R  i  t  AN  s.  349 
 
 ed  the  famous  Mr.  John  Rogers.     He  was  a  moft  accomplim-        King 
 ed  Scholar  and  Chriftian,  a  Member  of  the  AfTembly  of  Dt-       ",£*    ' 
 vines,  and  together  with  Dr.  Arrowfmith  and  Tuckney,  drew  v— -y^— ' 
 up  their  Catechifm.     He  was  one  of  the  Com  milli  oners  of 
 the  Savoy,    and  had   many  offers  of  preferment  in  the  late 
 times,  but  would  not  defert  his  Church  at  Dedbam,  till  he  was 
 turned  out  by  the  Aft  of  Uniformity  ;   after  which  he  retired 
 to  Holland,  and  became  Paftor  of  the  Englifh  Church  at 
 Leyden,  where  he  died  about  this  time,  univerfally  lamented 
 by  the  Profeffors,  for  his  humble  and  pleafant  Converfation, 
 as  well  as  his  univerfal  Learning  and  Piety. 
 
 Mr.  Jofeph  Allein  the  ejefted  Minifter  of  Taunton,  and  Of  Mr; 
 Author  of  the  Call  to  the  Unconverted,  was  born  at  the  M^ 
 Devizes  in  Wiltfhire,  andeducatedin  Lincoln  College,  Oxon.  ' 
 He  was  publick  Preacher  in  the  Church  of  Taunton  about  fe- 
 ven  years,  and  was  univerfally  beloved  for  his  great  Piety  and 
 Devotion.  After  his  ejeftment  he  preached  as  he  had  oppor- 
 tunity fix  or  feven  times  a  Week.  May  26.  1663.  he  was 
 committed  to  Ilchefter  Goal,  for  finging  Pfalms  in  his  owa 
 houfe,  and  preaching  to  his  family,  Others  being  prefent : 
 Here  he  continued  a  year,  but  upon  his  enlargement  he  return- 
 ed agaia  to  his  Work,  which  he  followed  with  unwearied  di- 
 ligence. July  10.  1665.  he  was  committed  a  ferond  time  to 
 Goal  with  feveral  other  .VHnifters,  and  forty  private  Perfons, 
 where  he  contracted  fuch  diftempers  and  weaknefTes  as 
 brought  him  to  his  grave  before  he  was  thirty  fix  years  of  age. 
 He  was  an  awakening  lively  Preacher,  zealous  and  fuccefsful 
 in  his  Mailer's  Work,  and  withal  of  a  peaceable  and  quiet 
 Spirit.     He  died  in  the  year  i6<58  or  69. 
 
 The  tide  in  the  Houfe  of  Commons  ft  ill  run  very  ftrong  on  t€jo. 
 the  fide  of  Perfecution,  as  appears  by  two  extraordinary  Con^cairfcfc 
 Claufes  added  to  the  Conventicle  Aft,  which  having  expired 
 fome  time  fince  was  now  revived  by  the  Parliament  which  met 
 October  19.  The  Court  went  into  it  with  a  view  of  re- 
 ducing the  Prefbyterians  to  the  neceffity  of  petitioning  for  a 
 general  Toleration.     "  If  we  would  have  opened  the  door  to 
 
 it  were  neither  Blafphemy  nor  Treafon.  But  this  I  take  to 
 be  a  Slander.  A  lefs  encouragement  would  ferve  the  turn  witk 
 fuch  Perfons.  Since  the  Aft  (to  fatisfy  the  common  Clamour)  the 
 Vice-chancellor  hath  imprifoned  both  of  them;  and  'tis  faid, 
 he  means  to  expel  them.  I  am,  Sir, 
 Your  Honour's 
 
 .  Very  humble  and  affectionate  Servant, 
 
 john-Waffis. 
 «  kt 
 
35o  The  H  I S  T  O  R  Y        Vol.  IV. 
 
 King        «  let  in  Popery  (fays  Mr.  Baxter)  that  their  toleration  might 
 Charles  II.    t(  j^ve  \iecn  charged  upon  us,  as  done  for  our  fakes,  and  by 
 f  our  procurement,  we  might  in  all  likelihood  have  had  our 
 '  part  in  it;  but  I  fnall  never  be  one  of  them  who  by  any 
 '  new  prefigures  (hall  confent  to  petition  for  the  Papifts  liber- 
 M  tv  ,  no  Craft  of  Jefuits  or  Prelates  fhall  make  me  believe, 
 "  that  it  is  neceffary  for  the  Non-Conformifts  to  take  this  odi- 
 p.  272!        "  l,rn  uPon  themfelves.''     The  Court  Bifhops  were  for  the 
 Bill,  but  the  moderate  Clergy  were  againft  it.     Bifhop  Wil- 
 kins  fpoke  againft  it  in  the  Houfe  ;    and  when  the  King  defi- 
 red  him  in  private  to  be  quiet,  he  replied,  That  he  thought  it 
 an  ill  thing  both  in  Confcience  and  Policy,  therefore  as  he  was 
 an  Englifh-Man,  and  a  Bifhop,  he  was  bound  to  oppofe  it; 
 and  fince  by  the  Laws  and  Constitution  of  England,   and   by 
 his   Majefty's  favour,   he  had  a  right  to  debate  and  vote,  he 
 was  neither  afraid  nor  afhamed  to  own   his   opinion  in  that 
 Stat.  matter.     However,  the  Bill  part  both  Houfes,   and  received 
 
 22  Car.  II.    the  Royal  Aflent  April  11.  1670.     It  was  to   the  following 
 Rapm.1'       effect  ;  "  That  if  any  Perfons  upwards  of  fixteen  years,  mail 
 p.  420.         «'  be  prefent  at  any  Aflembly,  Conventicle  or  Meeting,  un- 
 "  der  colour  or  ptetence  of  any  Exercife  of  Religion,  in  any 
 "  other  manner,  than  according  to  the  Liturgy  and  Practice 
 '*  of  the  Church  of  England,  where  there  are  five  perfons  or 
 *'  more  prefent,  befides  thofe  of  the  (aid  Houfhold,  in  fuch 
 "  cafes  the  Offender  mall  pay  five  (hillings  for  the  firfl:  Of- 
 "  fence  ;   and  ten  millings  for  the  fecond.     And  the  Preach- 
 "  ers  or  Teachers  in  any  fuch  Meetings  fhall  forfeit  twenty 
 "  pounds  for  the  firft,  and  forty  for  the  fecond    Offence. 
 "  And  laftly,   Thofe  who  knowingly  fufFer  any  fuch  Con- 
 u  venticles  in  their  Houfes,  Barns,   Yards,  &t.  mall  forfeit 
 **  twenty  pounds.     Any  Juftice  of  the  Peace  on  the  oath  of 
 tc  two  Wittneffes,  or  any  other  fufflcient  proof,  may  record 
 "  the  offence  under  his  Hand  and  Seal,  which  Record   fhall 
 '*  be  taken  in   Law  for  a  full  and  perfect   Conviction,  and 
 "  mall  be  certified  at  the  next  Quarter  Selfions.     The  Fines 
 *'  above-mentioned  may  be  levied  by  difirefs  and  fale  of  the 
 *4  Offender's  Goods  and  Chattels,  and  in  cafe  of  the  poverty  of* 
 "  fuch  Offender,  upon  the  Goods  and  Chattels  of  any  ether 
 M  Perfon  or  Perfons  that  fliall  be  convicted  of  having  been 
 «e  prefent  at  the   faid  Conventicle,  at  the  dilcretion  of  the 
 *«  Juftice  of  Peace,  fo   as  the  fum  to  be  levied  on  any  one 
 "  Perfon,  in  cafe  of  the  poverty  of  others,    do  not  amount 
 <4  to  above  ten  pounds  for  any  one  Meeting  ;  the  Conffa- 
 *'  bles,  Headboroughs,  &c.  are  to  levy  the  fame  by  War- 
 
 ras 
 
Chap.  VIII.  of  the  P  u  R  i  T  A  n  s.  35! 
 
 cc  rant  from  the  Juftice,  and  to  be  divided,"  one  third  for  the     KIns  j 
 <c  ufe  of  the  King,  another  third  for  the  poor,  and  the  other     *g"   * 
 M  third  to  the  Informer  or  his  Affiftants,  regard  being  had  to  v— -v-— J 
 *'  their  diligence  and  induftry  in  difcovering,  difperfing,    and 
 u  punifhing  the  faid  Conventicles.     The  fines  upon   Minif- 
 *'  ters  for  preaching  are  to  be  levied  a'.fo  by  diftrefs  ;  and  in 
 *'  cafe  of  poverty,  upon    the  Goods  and  Chattels   of  any 
 ts  other  prefent  ;   and  the  like  upon    the   Houfe  where  the 
 '•*■  Conventicle  is  held,  and  the  money  to  be  divided  as  above, 
 "  And  it  is  further  enacted,  That  the  Juftice  or  Juftices 
 u  of  Peace,  Conftable,  Headboroughs,  &c.  may  by  warrant, 
 "  with  what  aid,  force  and  ailiftance  they  fhali  think  neceffa- 
 "  ry,   break  open,    and  enter   into  any    Houfe    or   Place 
 "*  where  they  fhall  be  informed  of  the    Conventicle,   and 
 
 ct  take  the  perfons   fo    affembled  into  cuftody And  the 
 
 '•  Lieutenants,  or  other  commiffioned  Officers  of  the  Militia, 
 **  may  get  together  fuch  force  and  affifrance  as  they  think  ne- 
 **  celTary  to  diffolve,  diilipate,  and  difperfe  fuch  unlawful 
 "  meetings,  and  take  the  perfons  into  cnftody. 
 
 Then  follow  two  extraordinary   Claufes,  "  That  if  any  Thea<W3n- 
 **  Juftice  of  Peace   refufe  to  do  his  duty  in  the  execution  of  onal claufe*' 
 "  this  A£t,  he  fli all  forfeit  five  pounds. 
 
 "  And  be  it  further  enabled,  That  all  Claufes  in  this  Aft 
 **  fhall  be  conftrued  moft  largely  and  beneficially  for  the  fup- 
 *c  preffing  Conventicles,  and  for  the  juftification  and  encou- 
 '*  ragement  of  all  perfons  to  be  employed  in  the  execution 
 *'  thereof,  No  Warrant  or  Mittimus  fhall  be  made  void,  or 
 "  reverfed,  for  any  default  in  the  form  ;  and  if  a  perfon  fly 
 *'  from  one  County  or  Corporation  to  another,  his  Goods 
 *'  and  Chattels  fhall  be  ftizable  where-evcr  they  are  found. 
 "If  the  party  offending  be  a  Wife  cohabiting  with  her 
 *'  Hufband,  the  fine  (hall  be  levied  on  the  Goods  and  Chat- 
 "  tels  of  the  Hufband,  provided  the  profecution  be  within 
 *'  three  months.'' 
 
 The  wit  of  man  could  hardly  invent  any  thing  fhort  of  ca-  R«marki. 
 pital  puniihment  more  cruel  and  inhuman.  One  would  have 
 thought  fuch  a  merciful  Prince  as  King  Charles  II.  who  had 
 often  declared  againft  perfecution,  fhould  not  have  confent- 
 ed  to  it,  anJ  that  no  chriffian  Bhhop  fhould  have  voted  for 
 it.  Mens  houfes  are  to  be  plunder'd,  their  perfons  imprifon- 
 ed,  their  Goods  and  Chattels  carried  away,  and  fold  to  thofe 
 who  would  bid  for  them.  Encouragement  is  given  to  a 
 vile  fet  of  Informers,  and  others,  to  live  upon  the  labour  and 
 induftry  of  their  confcientious  neighbours.  Multitudes  of  Burnet  p. 
 thefe  fordid  creatures  fpent  their  profits  in  ill  houfes,  and  upon  *7°" 
 
 lewd 
 
The  HISTORY         Vol  IV. 
 
 lewd  women,  and  then  went  about  the  Streets  again  to  hunt 
 for  further  prey.     The  Law  is  to  be  conftrued  in  favour  of 
 thefe  wretches,  and  the  power  to  bej  lodged  in  the  hand  of 
 every  fingle  Jufrice  of  Peace,  who  is  to  be  fined  five  pounds  if 
 he  refcfes  his  warrant.     Upon  this  many~honefl  Men  who 
 would  not  be  the  instruments  of  fuch  Severities  left  the  bench, 
 and  would  fit  there  no  longer.     Mr.  Eachard  being  aShamed 
 to  charge  thefe  cruelties  to  the  influence  of  the  Bifhops,  favs, 
 *'  This    and  all  the  penal   laws  made   againSt  the  DiSfenters 
 "  were  the  Afts  of  the  Parliament,   and  not  of  the  Church, 
 "  and  were  made  more  on  a  civil  and  political,  than  upon? 
 *'  moral  or  religious  account ;  and  always  upon  fome  freSh 
 ."  provocation  in  reality  or  appearance."     This  is  the  language 
 by  which  the  Patrons  of  high  Church  cruelty  endeavour  to 
 excufe  themfelves  from  the  guilt  of  perfecution  ;  but  it  muft 
 fall  fomewhere ;    and  that  it  may  not   fall  too  heavy    upon 
 the  Church,  it  is  artfully,  and  with  great  good  manners  caffc 
 entirely  upon  the  Legislature,  and  put  upon  the  (core  of  fedu- 
 tion,   whereas  it   was  well    known  the   DifTenters  behaved 
 peaceably,  and  were  very  far  from  disturbing  the  State.     Nor 
 does  the  preamble  to  the  Aft  charge  them  with  difloyalty., 
 but  only  fays,  "  That  for  the  providing  Speedy  remedies  againft 
 "  the  practices  of  feditious  Sectaries,  and  others,  who  un- 
 "  under  pretence  of  tender  confeiences,  have  or  may  at  their 
 "  Meetings  contrive  infurreftions,  be  it  enacted,  &c"  as  if 
 it  was  poffibie  to  do  this  in  the  company  of  women  and  ferr 
 vants,  who  were  always  prefent  in  their  afiemblies.     It  is 
 therefore  evident  that  the  Act  was  levell'd  purely  againft  li- 
 berty of  confeience  in  matters  of  Religion,  and  was  fo  Severe- 
 ly executed,  (that   as  Sir  Harry   Capel   obferves)  there  was 
 hardly  a  Conventicle  to  be  heard  of,  all  over  England.     The 
 p.  28s.         two  Houfes  (fays  our  Church  Hiftorian)  were  exprefs  for  the 
 execution  of  thefe  laws  ;  the  Bifhops  and   Clergy  were  Sin- 
 cerely zealous  in  it,  and  the  honeSt  Juftices  and  Magistrates 
 (as  he  calls  them)  bore  the  more  hard  upon  them,  becaufethey 
 Saw  them  fo  bold  in  defpifing  and  evading  the  Jufrice  of  the 
 nation. 
 Methods  of       Great  numbers  were  profecuted  on  this  Act,  and  many  in- 
 Pcriecution.  duftrious  families  reduced  to  poverty.     Many  Ministers  were 
 confined  in  Goals  and  clofe  Prifons  ;  and  Warrants  were  iSTu- 
 ed  out  atrainSt  them  and  their  hearers,  to  the  amount  of  great 
 Sums  of  Money.     In  the  Diocefe  of  Salisbury  the  perfecution 
 Baxter's       WaS    .hotteft,  by  the  instigation  of  Bifhop  Ward  ;    many 
 Paix  II.        hundreds  being  proiecuted  with  great   induftry,   and  driven 
 ».4.  from  their  families  and  trades.     The  Aft  was  executed  with 
 
 fuch 
 
Chap.  VIII.      of  the  P  u  r  I  T  A  N  s.  353 
 
 uch  feverity  in  Starling's  Mayoralty  that  many  of  the  trading  c,Kin£  . 
 men  in  the  City  were  removing  with  their  effects  to  Holland,       ^?" 
 till  the  King  put  a  flop  to  it.     Informers  were  every  where  at  u>v«j 
 work,  and  having  crept  into  religious  Affemblies  in  difguife,  le-  Burnet, 
 vied  great  fums  of  money  upon  Minifter  and  People.     Soldi-  p'  27°* 
 ers  broke  into  the  houfes  of  honeft  Farmers,  under  pretence  of 
 fearching  for  Conventicles,  and  where  ready  money  was  want- 
 ing they  plunder'd  their  goods,  drove  away  their  cattel,  and 
 fold  them  for  half  price.     Many  were   plunder'd   of  their 
 houihold  furniture ;  the  fick  have  had  their  beds   taken  from 
 under  them,  and  thcmfelves  laid  on  the  floor.     Should  I  lum 
 up  all  the  particulars,  and  the  accounts  I  have  received  (fays  Sewel, 
 Mr.  Sewel)  it  would  make  a  volume  of  it  (elf.     Thefe  vile  p*  45i* 
 creatures  were  not  only  encouraged,  butpufhed  on  vehement- 
 ly   by  their   Ipiritual  guides  ;  for   this   purpofe    Archbifhop 
 Sheldon  fent  another  circular  letter  to  all  the  Bimops  of  his 
 province,  dated  May  7,  1670,  in  which  he  directs  all  ecclefi- 
 aftical   Judges  and  Officers,    "  to  take  notice  of  all  Non-  A,    g,  , 
 "  conformifts,  Holders,  Frequenters,  Maintainers,  and  Abet-  don's  Let- 
 **  ters  of  Conventicles,  efpecially  of  the  Preachers  or  Teach-  tertothe 
 "  ers  in  them,  and  of  the  places  wherein  they  are  held  ;  ever  ^1^  .&c" 
 '*  keeping  a  more  watchful  eye  over  the  Cities  and  greater  Abridg. 
 *<  Towns,  from  whence  the  mifchief  is  for  the  mofr.  part  de-  Vo1-  JI« 
 "  rived  unto  the  leffer  Villages  and  Hamlets.     And  wherefo- p' 31  * 
 '*  ever  they  find  fuch  wilful  offenders,  that  then  with  an  hearty 
 "  affection  to  the  wormip  of  God,   the  honour  of  the  King 
 "  and  his  laws,  and  the  peace  of  the  Church  and  Kingdom, 
 *c  they  do  addrefs  themfelves  to  the  civil  Magistrates,  Jufti- 
 "  ces,  and  others  concerned,  imploring  their  help  and  affift- 
 **  ance  for  preventing  and  fuppreffing  the  fame,  according  to 
 
 "  the  late  Act  in  that  behalf  made  and  fet  forth And  now, 
 
 *'  my  Lord,  what  the  fuccefs  will  be  we  muff,  leave  to  God 
 "  Almighty  ;  yet,  my  Lord,  I  have  this  confidence  under. 
 "  God,  that  if  we  do  our  parts  now  at  firft  ferionfly,  by 
 "  God's  help,  and  the  affiftance  of  the  civil  Power,  eonlider- 
 **  ing  the  abundant  csre  and  provifion  the  Aft  contains  for  our 
 "  advantage,  we  fhail  in  a  few  months  fee  fo  great  an  altera- 
 "  ration  in  the  diffractions  of  thefe  times,  as  that  the  feduced 
 *'  people  returning  from  their  feditiousandfelf-feekingTeach- 
 "  ers  to  the  unity  of  the  Church,  and  uniformity  of  God's 
 u  wormip,  it  will  be  to  the  glory  of  God,  the  welfare  of  the 
 "  Church,  the  praife  of  his  Majefty  and  Government,  and 
 "  the  happinefs  of  the  whole  Kingdom."  Can  this  be  the  lan- 
 guage of  a  Chrillian  and  Protefiant  Eifhop  ?  Or  is  it  not  more 
 Vol.  IV.  Z  «  like 
 
354 
 
 King 
 Charles  II. 
 1670. 
 
 Zeal  of 
 Bifhop 
 Gunning, 
 3od  others, 
 Calamy,  p. 
 692. 
 
 CaUmy's 
 Abridg. 
 Vol.  II. 
 P-  334- 
 
 Diftrefs  of 
 t!ie  Non- 
 conf. 
 
 Minillers. 
 
 Manton's 
 Life. 
 
 The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y         Vol.  IV. 
 
 "  like  a  Father  of  the  Inquifition,  or  the  dragooning  Corrr 
 "  million  of  Lewis  XlVth.  when  he  revoked  the  Edict  of 
 "  Nantz  ?»» 
 
 Copies  of  this  Letter  were  fent  by  the  Archdeacons  to 
 the  Officers  of  the  feveral  Parifhes  within  their  Jurifdi&i- 
 ons,  earneftly  defiring  them  to  take  efpecial  care  to  perform 
 whatfoever  is  therein  required,  and  to  give  an  account  at 
 the  next  Vifitation.  Many  of  the  Bifhops  chofe  to  lie  be- 
 hind the  Curtain,  and  throw  off  the  odium  from  them- 
 f^lves  to  the  Civil  Magiftrate ;  but  fome  of  the  more  zea- 
 lous could  not  forbear  appearing  in  perfon,  as  Bifhop  Ward, 
 already  mentioned,  and  Bifhop  Gunning,  who  often  di- 
 sturbed the  Meetings  in  Perfpn  ;  once  finding  the  doors  lliut, 
 he  ordered  the  Conftable  to  break  them  open  with  a  Sledge  ; 
 another  time  he  fat  upon  the  Bench  at  the  Quarter  SefTi- 
 011s,  upon  which  the  Chairman  defired  his  Lordfhip  to  give 
 the  charge,  which  he  refufing,  received  a  very  handfome 
 Rebuke  ;  it  being  hardly  confident  with  one  that  is  an  Am- 
 bafifador  of  the  Prince  of  Peace,  to  fet  in  judgment  upon 
 the  confciences  of  his  poor  Countrymen  and  Neighbours,  in 
 order  to  plunder  and  tear  them  to  pieces.  The  Bifhop  was 
 fo  zealous  in  the  caufe,  that  he  funk  his  Character  by  giving 
 a  publick  challenge  to  the  Presbyterians,  Independants, 
 Anabaptifts,  and  Quakers,  and  appointed  three  Days  for 
 the  Difputation  ;  on  the  firlt  of  which  his  Lordfhip  went  in- 
 to the  Pulpit  in  the  Church,  where  was  a  confiderable  Con- 
 gregation, and  charged  the  former  with  Sedition  and  Re- 
 bellion out  of  their  Books,  but  would  hear  no  Reply.  When 
 the  Day  came  to  difpute  with  the  Quakers,  they  fummoned 
 their  Friends,  and  when  the  Bifhop  railed,  they  paid  him  in 
 his  own  Coin  ;  and  followed  him  to  his  very  Houfe  with  re- 
 peated cries,  "  The  Hireling  flyeth." 
 
 The  Non-conformift  Minifters  did  what  they  could  to 
 keep  fehemfelves  within  the  compafs  of  the  Law  ;  they 
 preached  frequently  twice  a  Day  in  large  Families,  with  on- 
 ly four  Strangers,  and  as  many  under  the  age  of  fixteen  as 
 would  come  ;  and  at  other  times  in  places  where  people 
 might  hear  in  feveral  adjoining  Houfes ;  but  after  all,  in- 
 finite mifchiefs  enfued,  Families  were  impoveriihed  and  di- 
 vided ;  Friendship  between  Neighbours  was  interrupted  ; 
 there  was  a  general  diffxufl:  and  jealoufy  of  each  other  ;  and 
 f  jmetimes  upon  little  quarrels,  Servants  would  betray  their 
 Mailers  and  ruin  all  their  affairs.  Among  others  that  fuffer- 
 ed  at  this  time  was  Dr.  Manton,  who  was  apprehended  on  a 
 Lord's  Day  in  the  Afternoon   juft   as  he  had  done  Sermon, 
 
 the 
 
Chap.  VIII.      of  the  Pu  r  i  t  a  ns.  355 
 
 the  door  being  opened   to  let  a  Gentleman  out,  the  Juflice      King 
 and  his  attendants  rufhed  in  and  went  up   Stairs ;  they  flay-  chair6lesIL 
 ed  till  the  Doctor  had  ended  his  Prayer  and  then  writ  down  ,_  —  —  ^ 
 the  names  of  the  principal  Perfons  prefent,    and  took  the 
 Doctor's  promife  to  come  to  them  at  an  Houfe  in  the  Piaz- 
 za's of  Covent  Garden,  where  they  tendered  him  the  Ox- 
 ford Oath,  upon    his   refufal   of  which  he  was  committed 
 prifoner  to  the  Gatehoufe,    where  he  continued  till   he  was 
 releafed  by  the  Indulgence.     At  another  time  his  Meeting. 
 houfe  in  White-hart-yard  was   broken   up  ;  the  place  was 
 fined   forty   pounds,    and   the  Minifler  twenty,  which  was 
 paid  by  Lord  Wharton,  who  was  then  prefent :  They  alfo 
 took  down  the  names  of  the  hearers  for  the   benefit  of  the 
 Jufticesof  Peace  and  Spiritual  Courts. 
 
 The  behaviour   of  the  Quakers  was  very  extraordinary,  Courage  of 
 and  had  fomething  in  it  that  looked  like  the  Spirit  of  Mar-  the  QjJa- 
 tyrdom.     They  met  at  the  fame  place  and  hour  as  in  times  B"r„et  D< 
 of  Liberty,  and  when  the  Officers  came  to  feize  them  none  271. 
 of  them   would  ftir  ;  they  went  altogether  to  Prifon  ;  they 
 frayed  there  till  they  were  difmiffed,   for  they  would  not  pe- 
 tition to  be  fet  at  liberty,  nor  pay  the  Fines  fet  upon  them, 
 nor  fo  much  as  the  Gaol  Fees.  When  they  were  discharged 
 they  went  to    their  Meeting-houfe    again,    as  before  ;  and 
 when  the  doors  were  (hut  up  by  order,  they  affembled  in 
 great  numbers  in  the  Street  before  the  doors,   faying,   they 
 would  not  be  afhamed,   nor  afraid  to  difown  their  meeting 
 together  in  a  peaceable   manner  to  worfhip  God ;  but  in 
 imitation  of  the  Prophet   Daniel,   they  would   do  it  more 
 publickly  becaufe   they  were  forbid.     Some  called  this  ob- 
 ftinacy,  others  firmnefs ;  but  by  it  they  carried  their  point, 
 the  Government  being  weary  of  dealing  with  fo  much  per- 
 verfenefs. 
 
 On  the  firft  of  September  two  of  their  principal  Speak-  Trial  °f 
 ers,  William  Pen  and  William  Mead,  were  tried  at  the  Old  an™vvm? 
 Bailey  for  an  unlawful  and  tumultuous  Affembly  in  the  open  Mead  at  the 
 Street,  wherein  they  fpake  or  preached  to  the  People  who  OidBaik>. 
 were  affembled  in  Grace  Church-ftreet,   to  the  number  of 
 three  or  four  hundred,   in   contempt  of  the  King's  Laws, 
 and  to  the  difturbance  of  the  peace.     The  Prifoners  plead- 
 ed Not    Guilty,    but  met  with  fome   of  the  fevereft  ufage 
 that  has  been  known  in  an  Engliih  Court  of  Juftice.   They 
 were  fined  forty  Marks  a-piece  for  coming  into  Court  with 
 their  Hats  on,   tho'  it   was  not  done  out  of  contempt,  but 
 from    a  principle  of  their   Religion.     It   appeared   by    the 
 Witneff.s,    that    there  was  an  affembly  in  Grace-church- 
 Z  2  itreet, 
 
35* 
 
 The    HISTORY  Vol.  IV. 
 
 c  King        ftreet,  but  there  was  neither  Riot,  nor  Tumult,  nor  force  of 
 harksU.     Arms      jvjr<  pen  confeffed  they  were  fo  far  from  recanting, 
 .         _     i  or  declining  to  vindicate  the  affembling  themfelves  to  preach, 
 pray,    or  worfhip   the  eternal,  holy,  juft  God,  that  they 
 declared  to  all  the  World,   that  they  believed  it  to  be  their 
 duty,  and  that  all  the  powers  on  earth  mould  not  be  able  to 
 divert  them  from  it.     When  it  was  faid,  they  were  not  ar- 
 raigned for   worfhipping    God,   but   for  breaking  the  Law  ; 
 William    Pen   affirmed   he  had   broken  no  Law,  and  chal- 
 lenged the  Recorder  to  tell  him  upon  what  Law  he  -was  pro- 
 fecuted.     The  Recorder  anfvvered,  upon  the  common  Law, 
 but  could  not  tell  where  the  common  Law  was  to  be  found. 
 Pen  infilled  upon  his   producing  the   Law,  but  the  Court 
 over-ruled  him,  and  called  bim  a  troublefome  Fellow.     Pen 
 replied,  "  I  defign  no  affront  to  the  Court,  but  if  you  deny 
 "  to  acquaint   me  with    the  Law  you  fay  I   have  broken, 
 "  you  deny  me   the  right  that  is  due  to  every  Englifh  Man, 
 "  and  evidence  to  the  whole  World  that  your  defigns  are 
 "  arbitrary."     Upon  which  he  was  haled  from  the  Bar  in- 
 to the  Bail  Dock      Ashe  was  going  out  he  faid  to  the  Jury, 
 "  If  thefe  fundamental  Laws  which  relate   to  Liberty  and 
 "  Property  mufl  not  be  indifpenfably  maintained,  who  can 
 "  fay  he  has  a  Right  to  the  Coat  upon  his  Back  ?  certainly 
 "  then  our  Liberties  are  openly  to  be  invaded,   our  Wives 
 "  to   be   ravifhed,   our  Children  enflaved,  and  our  Filiates 
 "  led  away  in  triumph  by  every  flurdy  Beggar  and  malici- 
 "  ous  Informer  as  their  Trophies." 
 Injufticeand      William  Mead   being  left  alone  at  the  Bar,  faid,  "  You 
 
 o-uelty  of     «<  jvien  of  the  Jury,    I  am  accufed    of  meeting  bv  Force  of 
 
 the  Court.     ,,     .  •  i  «t^-jit 
 
 "  Arms,  in   a  tumultuous   manner 1  lme  was  when  1 
 
 "  had  freedom  to  ule  a  carnal  Weapon,  and  then  I  feared 
 "  no  Man  ;  but  now  I  fear  the  living  God,  and  dare  not 
 "  make  ufe  thereof,  nor  hurt  any  Man.  I  am  a  peaceable 
 "  Man,  and  therefore  demand  to  know  upon  what  Law  my 
 "  Indictment  is  founded  ;  if  the  Recorder  will  not  tell 
 **  what  makes  a  Riot,  Coke  will  tell  him,  that  it  is  when 
 '*  three  or  more  are  met  together  to  beat  a  Man,  or  to  en- 
 (C  ter  forcibly  into  another  Man's  Lands,  to  cut  his  Grafs  or 
 u  Wood,  or  break  down  his  Pales."  Upon  this  the  Recor- 
 der having  lofl:  all  patience,  pulled  off  his  Hat,  and  faid,  I 
 thank  you,  Sir,  for  telling  me  what  the  Law  is.  Mead  re- 
 plied, thou  mayefr.  put  on  thy  Hat,  I  have  no  Fee  for  thee 
 now.  The  Mayor  Starling  told  him,  he  deferved  to  have 
 his  Tongue  cut  out,  and  ordered  him  likewife  to  be  carried 
 to  the  Bail  Dock. 
 
 When 
 
Chap.  VIII.     of  the  Puritans. 
 
 When  the  Prifoners  were  gone,  the  Recorder  gave  the 
 Jury  their  Charge,  upon  which  William  Pen  flood  up,  and 
 with  a  loud  Voice  faid,  "  I  appeal  to  the  Jury,  and  this 
 w  great  Affembly,  whether  it  be  not  contrary  to  the  un- 
 "  doubted  right  of  every  Englifhman  to  give  the  Jury 
 "  their  Charge  in  the  abfence  of  the  Prifoners."  The  Re- 
 corder anfwered  with  a  Sneer,  ye  are  prefent,  ye  do 
 hear,  do  ye  not  ?  Pen  anfwered,  No  thanks  to  the 
 Court ;  I  have  ten  or  twelve  material  Points  to  offer  in 
 order  to  invalidate  the  Indictment,  but  am  not  heard. 
 The  Recorder  faid,  "  Pull  him  down  ;  pull  the  Fellow 
 "  down."  Mead  replied,  thefe  were  barbarous  and  unjuft 
 proceedings ;  and  then  they  were  both  thrufl:  into  the  hole. 
 
 After  the  Jury  had  withdrawn  an  hour  and  half,  the  Pri-  The  Jury 
 foners  were  brought  to  the  Bar  to  hear  their  Verdict  ;  eight  thl'eatned- 
 of  them  came  down  agreed,  but  four  remained  above,  to 
 whom  they  ufed  many  unworthy  threats,  and  in  particular 
 to  Mr.  Bufhel,  whom  they  charged  with  being  the  caufe  of 
 the  Difagreement.  At  length,  after  withdrawing  a  fecond 
 time,  they  agreed  to  bring  them  in  "  Guilty  of  fpeaking 
 **  in  Grace  Church-ftreet  ;"  which  the  Court  would  not  ac- 
 cept for  a  Verdict,  but  after  many  menaces  told  them, 
 they  mould  be  locked  up,  without  Meat,  Drink,  Fire  or 
 Tobacco ;  nay,  they  mould  ftarve,  unlefs  they  brought  in 
 a  proper  Verdict.  William  Pen  being  at  the  Bar,  faid, 
 "  My  Jury  ought  not  to  be  thus  threatened.  We  were  by 
 t(  force  of  Arms  kept  out  of  our  Meeting-houfe,  and  met 
 "  as  near  it  as  the  Soldiers  would  give  us  leave.  We  are  a 
 *i  peaceable  People,  and  cannot  offer  violence  to  any  Man." 
 And  looking  upon  the  Jury,  he  faid,  "  You  are  Englifh  Men, 
 "  mind  your  Privilege,  give  not  away  your  Right."  To 
 which  fome  of  them  anfwered,  "  Nor  will  we  ever  do  it." 
 Upon  this  they  were  fnut  up  all  Night  without  Victuals  or 
 Fire,  or  fo  much  as  a  Chamber-pot,  tho'  defired.  Next 
 Morning  they  brought  in  the  fame  Verdict ;  upon  which 
 they  were  threaten'd  with  the  utmoftRefentments.  The 
 Mayor  faid,  "  He  would  cut  Bufhel's  Throat  as  foon  as  he 
 "  could."  The  Recorder  faid,  "  He  never  knew  the  be- 
 "  nefitof  an  Inquifition  till  now;  and  that  the  next  SelTi- 
 "  ons  of  Parliament  a  Law  would  be  made  wherein  thofe 
 "  that  would  not  conform  mould  not  have  the  benefit  of  the 
 "  Law"  The  Court  having  obliged  the  Jury  to  withdraw  Thevare 
 again,  they  were  kept  without  Meat  and  Drink  till  next'aC(luitted> 
 Morning,  when  they  brought  in  the  Prifoners  Not  Guilty  ; 
 for  which   they   were  fined  forty  Marks  a  Man,  and  to  be 
 
 Z  3  impri- 
 
The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y         Vol.  IV. 
 
 imprifoned  till  paid.     The  Prifoners  were  alfo  remanded  to 
 Newgate  for  their  Fines  in  not  pulling  off  their  Hats.   The 
 Jury,  after    fome  time,  were   charged  by  Habeas   Corpus 
 returnable  in  the  Common  Pleas,  where  their  commitment 
 was  judged  illegal.     This   was  a  noble  (land  for  the  Liberty 
 of  the  Subject  in  very  dangerous  times,  when  neither  Law 
 nor  Equity  availed  any  thing.     The  Conventicle  Act  was 
 made  to  encourage  Profecutions ;  and  a  Narrative  was  pub- 
 limed  next  year,  of  the  oppreflions  of  many  honed  People 
 in  Devonfhire,  and  other  parts,  by  the  Informers  and  Ju- 
 ftices  ;  but  the    Courts    of  Juftice    out-run    the  Law  it- 
 felf. 
 King's  De-        Hitherto  the  King  and  Parliament  had  agreed  pretty  well, 
 fignofgo-    by  means  of  the  large  fupplies  of  Money  the  Parliament 
 rTuH5  ab"  nac*  given  to  fupport  his  Majefty's  Pleafures ;  but  now  hav- 
 Eachard,  p.  ing  affurance  of  large  Remittances  from  France,  his  Majef- 
 864-  ty  refolved  to   govern  by  the  Prerogative,   and  ftand  upon 
 
 R^Pln>  P-      his  own  Legs.     His  prime  Counsellors  were  Lord  Clifford, 
 Anthony  Afliley  Cooper,  afterwards  Lord  Shaftsbury,  the 
 Duke  of  Buckingham,    Earl  of  Arlington,  and  Duke  Lau- 
 derdale, who  from  the  initial  Letters  of  their  names  were 
 Charafter  of  called  the  CABAL.     Lord  Clifford  was  an  open  Papifl;,  and 
 tlie  Cabal,     the  Earl   of  Arlington  a  concealed  one.     Buckingham  was 
 a  Debauchee,    and  was  reckoned  a  downright  Atheift  ;   he 
 was  a  Man  of   great  Wit  and  Parts,  and  of  founder  Prin- 
 ciples in  the  interefts  of  Humanity  (fays  Mr.  Baxter)  than 
 the  reft  of  the  Court.     Shaftsbury  had  a  vaft  genius,   but 
 according  to  Burnet,  was  at  beft  but  a  Deift  ;  he  had  great 
 knowledge  of  Men   and    Things,  but  would  often  change 
 Sides  as  his  interefl  directed.     Lauderdale  was  a   Man   of 
 Learning,    but  from   an  almoft  Republican  was  become  a 
 perfect  Tool  of  the  Prerogative,    and   would  offer  at  the 
 mofc  defperate  Councils.     He  had  fcarce  any  Traces  of  Re- 
 ligion left,  tho'   he  called  himfelf  a  Prefbyterian,  and  had 
 an  averfion  to   King  Charles  I.  to  the  laft.     By  thefe  five 
 Minifters  of  State  the  King  and  Duke  of  York  drove  on 
 their  defigns  of  introducing  Popery  and  arbitrary  Power  \ 
 in    order   to  which,  a  fecret  Treaty   was   concluded  with 
 France,    the  triple  Alliance  was  broken,  and  a  new  War  de- 
 clared with  the  Dutch  to  deftroy  their  Commonwealth,  as 
 will  be  feen  prefently  ;  by  this  means  the  King  had  a  plaufi- 
 ble  pretence  to  keep  up  a  ftanding  Army,  which  might  fe- 
 cure  him  in  the  excrcife  of  an  abfolute   authority  over  his 
 Subjects,  to  fet  afide  the  ufe  of  Parliaments,  and  fettle  the 
 Roman  Catholick  Religion  in  the  three  Kingdoms.     Thefe 
 
 were 
 
Chap.  VIII.     of  the  Puritans.  359 
 
 were  the  Maxims  the  Court  purfued  throughout  the  remain-  c,Kl,"g  n 
 ing  part  of  this  Reign.  1670/ 
 
 In  the  beginning  of  this  year  died  Dr.  Anthony  Tuckney,  1— ^— —> 
 born  in  September  1599.  and  educated  in  Emanuel  Col-  Death  of  Dr. 
 lege,  Cambridge.  He  was  afterwards  Vicar  of  Bofton  in  uc  ney' 
 Lincolnshire,  where  he  continued  till  he  was  called  to  fit  in 
 the  Aflembly  of  Divines  at  Weftminfter.  In  the  year  1645. 
 he  was  made  Mafter  of  his  College,  and  in  the  year  1648, 
 being  chofen  Vice-chancellor,  he  removed  to  Cambridge 
 with  his  Family.  He  was  afterwards  Matter  of  St.  John's, 
 and  Regius  Profeffor,  which  he  held  till  the  Reftoration, 
 when  the  King  fent  him  a  Letter,  defiring  him  to  refign  his 
 Profefforfhip,  which  if  he  did,  his  Majefty,  in  confiderati- 
 on  of  the  great  pains  and  diligence  of  the  faid  Doctor  in  the 
 difcharge  of  his  Duty,  would  oblige  his  Succeflbr  to  give 
 him  fufficient  Security  in  Law,  to  pay  him  one  hundred 
 Pounds  a  year  during  his  natural  Life.  Upon  this  notice  the 
 Doctor  immediately  refigned,  and  had  his  Annuity  paid  him 
 by  Dr.  Gunning  who  fucceeded  him.  After  the  coming  out 
 of  the  Five  Mile  A6r.  he  fhifted  about  in  feveral  Counties, 
 and  at  laft  died  in  Spittle  Yard,  London,  February  1669. 
 in  the  feventy-firft  year  of  his  age,  leaving  behind  him  the 
 character  of  an  eminently  learned  and  pious  Man,  an  inde- 
 fatigable Student,  a  candid  Difputant,  and  an  earneft  Pro- 
 moter of  Truth  and  Golinefs. 
 
 About  the  fame  time  died  Mr.  William  Bridge,  M.  A.  And  of  Mr 
 the  ejected  Miniftei  of  Yarmouth  ;  he  was  Student  in  ^l*m 
 Cambridge  thirteen  years,  and  Fellow  of  Emanuel  Col- 
 lege. He  afterwards  fettled  in  Norwich,  where  he  was 
 filenced  by  Bifhop  Wren  for  Non-conformity,  1637.  He 
 was  afterwards  excommunicated,  and  when  the  Writ  "  de 
 (i  Excommunicato  Capiendo"  came  out  againft  him  he 
 withdrew  to  Holland,  and  became  Pallor  to  the  Englifh 
 Church  at  Rotterdam,  where  Mr.  Jer.  Burroughs  was 
 Preacher.  In  1642.  he  returned  to  England,  and  was  one 
 of  the  diflenting  Brethren  in  the  Aflembly  of  Divines.  He 
 was  chofen  after  fome  time  Minifter  of  Great  Yarmouth, 
 where  he  continued  his  Labours  till  the  Bartholomew  Acl 
 ejected  him  with  his  Brethren.  He  was  a  good  Scholar, 
 and  had  a  well  furnifhed  Library,  was  a  hard  Student,  and 
 rofe  every  Morning  Winter  and  Summer  at  four  of  the 
 clock.  He  was  alfo  a  good  Preacher,  a  candid  and  charita- 
 ble Man,  and  did  much  good  by  his  Miniftry.  He  died  at 
 Yarmouth,  March  12,  1670.  j£tat.  Seventy. 
 
 Z  4  While 
 
Remedies 
 propoicd  by 
 the  Parlia- 
 ment. 
 
 The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y        Vol.  IV. 
 
 While  the  Proteftant  Diifenters  were  barrafs'd  in  all  parts 
 of  the  Kingdom,  the  Roman  Catholicks  were  at  eafe  un- 
 der the  wing  of  the  Prerogative  ;  th ;ie  -vere  few  or  no 
 Precedes  againft  them,  for  they  had  the  liberty  of  refort- 
 ing  to  Mafs  at  the  Houfes  of  foreign  Ambafi'aoors,  and 
 other  Chapels,  both  in  Town  and  Country  ;  nor  did  the 
 Bifnops  complain  of  them  in  the  Koufe  of  Lords,  by  which 
 means  they  began  in  a  few  years  to  rival  the  Proteftants 
 both  in  Numbers  and  Strength.  The  Commons  represent- 
 ed the  Cauies  of  this  Misfortune  in  an  Addrefs  to  the  King, 
 together  with  the  Remedies,  which  if  the  Reader  will 
 carefully  confider,  -he  will  eafily  difcover  the  different  ufage 
 of  Proteftant  Non-conformifts  and  Popifh  Recufants. 
 
 The  caufes  of  the  increafe  of  Popery,  were,  i.  The 
 great  number  of  Jefuits  who  were  all  over  the  Kingdom. 
 2.  The  Chapels  in  great  Towns  for  faying  Mafs,  befides 
 Amjailadors  Houfes,  whither  great  numbers  of  his  Ma- 
 jefty's  Subiects  reforted  without  controul.  3.  The  Fra- 
 ternities or  Convents  of  Priefts  and  Jefuits  at  St.  James's, 
 and  in  feveral  parts  of  the  Kingdom,  befides  their  Schools 
 for  the  educating  Youth.  4.  The  publick  Sale  of  popifh 
 Catechifms,  &c.  5.  The  general  remiffnefs  of  Magiftrates, 
 and  other  Officers,  in  not  convicting  Papifts  according  to 
 Law.  6.  Sufpecled  Recufants  enjoying  Offices  by  them- 
 felves  or  their  Deputies.  7.  Presentations  to  Livings  by 
 Popifh  Recufants,  or  by  others  as  they  direft.  8.  Sending 
 Youth  beyond  Sea  under  Tutors,  to  be  educated  in  the  Po- 
 pifh Religion.  9.  The  few  Exchequer  Proceffes  that  have 
 been  ifiued  forth,  tho'  many  have  been  certified  thither, 
 'io.  The  great  iniolence  of  Papifts  in  Ireland,  where  Arch- 
 bifhops  and  Bifhopsof  the  Pope's  Creation,  appear  publick- 
 ly,  Mafs  being  laid  openly  in  Dublin,  and  other  parts  of 
 the  Kingdom. 
 
 The  Remedies  which  the  Koufe  propofed  againft  thefe 
 growing  Mifchiefs  were, 
 
 1.  That  a  Proclamation  be  ifiued  out  to  banifhall  Popifh 
 Priefts  and  jefuits  out  of  the  Realm,  except  fuch  as  at- 
 tend the  Queen  and  foreign  Ambafiadors.  2.  That  the 
 King's  Subjects  be  forbid  going  to  hear  Mafs  and  other  ex- 
 ercifes  of  the  Romifh  Religion.  3.  That  no  Office  or  Em- 
 ployment of  publick  Authority  be  put  into  the  hands  of  Po- 
 pifh Recufants.  4.  That  al!  Fraternities,  Convents,  and 
 popifh  Schools  be  abolifhed,  and  the  Jefuits,  Priefts,  Friers, 
 and  School-mafters  punifhed.     5.  That  his  Majefty  require 
 
 all 
 
Chap.  VIII.      of  the  P  u  r  i  t  A  n  s.  361 
 
 all  the  Officers  of   the  Exchequer  to  ifiue  out  ProcefTes      King 
 againft  Popifh  Recufants  convict,  certified  thither.    6.  That  Qbz^\  n' 
 Plunket   the    pretended  Primate    of  Ireland,    and  Talbot  ■_  -  — '  _j 
 Archbifhop  of  Dublin,  be  fent  for  into  England,  to  anfwer 
 fuch  Matters  as  ihould  be  objected  againft  them. 
 
 The  King  promifed  to  confider  the  Addrefs,   but  hoped  conduci  of 
 they  would  allow  him  to  diftinguifh  between  new  Converts,  q^    °urt' 
 and  thofe  who  had  been  bred  up  in  the  Popifh  Religion,  and  No.  553. 
 ferved  him  and  his  Father  in  the   late  Wars.     After  fome 
 time  a  Proclamation  was  iflued  out,  in  which  his  Majefty 
 declares,  "  that  he  had  always  adhered   to  the  true  Religi- 
 "  on,  eftablifhed  in  this  Kingdom,  againft  all  Temptations 
 "  whatfoever  ;"  and  that  he  would  employ  his  utmoft  care 
 and  zeal  in  the  defence    of  it.     But  the  Magiftrates  know- 
 ing his  Majefty's  inclinations,  took  no  care  of  the  execution 
 of  it.  Nay,  the  Duke  of  York,  the  King's  Brother,  having  Duke  of 
 lately  loft  his  Dutcheis,  Lord  Clrarendon's   Daughter,  who  y°rk  *b" 
 died  a  Papift,  made  a  formal  Abjuration   of  the  proteftant  proteftant 
 Religion   at  this  time   before  Father  Simon,  an  Englifh  Je-  Religion- 
 fuit,  and  declared  himfelf  openly  a  Roman  Catholick  ;  the 
 reafon  of  which  was,  that  the  prefentQueen  having  no  Chil- 
 dren,  the  Papifts   gave  the  Duke  to  underftand,  that  they 
 were  capable  to  effect  his  Majefty's  Divorce,  and  to  fet  afide 
 his  Succeflion,  by  providing  him  with  another  Queen,  which 
 they  would  certainly   attempt,    unlefs  he  would  make  an 
 open   ProfefTion  of  the  Roman  Catholick  Religion,  which 
 he  did  accordingly. 
 
 The  Floufe  of  Commons  was  very   lavifh  of  the  Nation's  Projefts  of 
 Money  this  Seftion,  for  thoueh  there  was  no  danger  of  an  .    C^BAL 
 
 j  '  o  .  *  ^        .    .  to  m^ke  the 
 
 Invafion  from  abroad,    they  gave  the  King   two  Millions  King  abfo- 
 and  a  half,  with    which   his    Majeftv  maintained  a  ftanding  ^te. 
 Army  upon  Blackheath,  and  called  the  Parliament  no  more 
 together  for  almoft  two  years.     After  the  Houfes  were  up, 
 the  CABAL   began  to    profecute   their  Scheme  of  making 
 the  King  abfolute  ;  in  order  to  which,  befides  the  two  Mil- 
 lions  and  half  granted  by  Parliament,   they  received  from 
 France  the  Sum  of  feven  hundred  thoufand  Pounds  in    two 
 years,   which  not  being  fufficient  to  enter  upon  a  War  with 
 the  Dutch,    the  King  declared  in  Council,  by  the  advice  of 
 Clifford,  that   he   was  refolved  to  fhut  up  the  Exchequer,  Exchequer 
 wherein   the    Bankers  of  London,  who  had  furnifhed  the 
 King  with  Money  on   all  occafions  at  great  Intereft,   had 
 lodged  vaft  Sums  of  other  People's  Cafh  depofited  in    their 
 Hands.     By  this  means  the  Bankers  were  obliged  to  make 
 
 a  Stand. 
 
362 
 
 The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y  Vol.  IV. 
 
 War  with 
 
 King  a  Stand,  which  interrupted  the  courfe  of  Trade,  and  raifed 
 ai67i  a  Sreat  clamour  over  the  whole  Kingdom.  The  King  en- 
 deavoured to  foften  the  Bankers,  by  telling  them  it  mould 
 be  but  for  a  Year,  and  that  he  would  pay  the  Arrears  out 
 of  the  next  fubfidies  of  the  Parliament ;  but  he  was  worfe 
 than  his  Word  ;  fo  that  great  Numbers  of  Families  and  Or- 
 phans were  reduced  to  beggary,  while  the  King  got  about 
 one  million  four  hundred  thoufand  Pounds. 
 A  fecond  Advance  of  the  CABAL  towards  arbitrary  Power, 
 
 the*  Dutch.  was  to  deftroy  the  Dutch  Commonwealth ;  for  this  purpofe 
 the  triple  alliance  was  to  be  broken,  and  pretences  to  be 
 found  out  for  quarrelling  with  that  trading  people.  The 
 Earl  of  Shaftfbury  ufed  this  Expreffion  in  his  Speech  to  the 
 Parliament  for  juftifying  the  War,  Delendo  eft  Carthago, 
 that  is,  The  Dutch  Commonwealth  muft  be  deflroyed  ;  but 
 an  occafion  was  wanting  to  juftify  it  to  the  World.  There 
 had  been  a  few  fcurrilous  Prints  and  Medals  ftruck  in  Hol- 
 land reflecting  on  the  King's  Amours,  below  the  notice  of 
 the  Englifh  Court,  which  the  Dutch  however  had  caufed  to 
 be  deflroyed.  Complaints  were  alfo  revived  of  the  info- 
 lence  of  the  Dutch  in  the  Eaft  Indies,  and  of  the  Neglect 
 of  ftnking  the  Flag  in  the  narrow  Seas  to  the  King's  Yatch 
 palling  by  the  Dutch  Fleet.  The  Cabal  manag'd  thefe 
 complaints  like  men  that  were  afraid  of  receiving  Satisfac- 
 tion, or  of  giving  the  Adverfary  any  umbrage  to  prepare  a- 
 gainfl  the  Storm.  The  Dutch  therefore  relying  on  the  Faith 
 of  treaties  purfued  their  traffick  without  fear  j  but  when 
 their  rich  Smyrna  Fleet  of  merchant  Men,  confifting  of 
 feventy  two  fail,  under  convoy  of  fix  men  of  War,  palled 
 by  the  Hie  of  Wight,  the  Englifh  Fleet  fell  upon  them  and 
 took  feveral  of  their  Ships,  without  any  previous    Declara- 
 
 p"  3°7'  tion  of  War  ;  a  breach  of  Faith  (fays  Burnet)  which  Ma- 
 hometans and  Pirates  would  have  been  afhamed  of, 
 
 Two  Days  after  the  Attempt  upon  the    Smyrna  Fleet  the 
 
 general  in-*  Cabal  made  the  third  advance  towards  Popery  and    abfolute 
 
 dulgence.  Power,  by  advifing  the  King  to  fufpend  the  penal  Laws  a- 
 gainft  all  forts  of  Non  Conformifts.  It  was  now  refolved  to 
 fet  the  DifTenters  againft  the  Church,  and  to  offer  them  the 
 Protection  of  the  Crown  to  make  way  for  a  general  Toler- 
 ation. Lord  Shaftfbury  firfl  propofed  it  in  Council,  which 
 the  Majority  readily  complied  with,  provided  the  Roman 
 Catholicks  might  be  included  ;  but  when  the  Declaration 
 was  drawn  up,  the  Lord  Keeper  Bridgman  refufed  to  put  the 
 Seals  to  it,  as  judging  it  contrary  to  Law,  for  which  he  was 
 difmhTed,  and  the  Ssals  given  to  the  Earl  of   Shaftfbury, 
 
 wlio 
 
Chap.  VIII.      of  the  Puritans. 
 
 who  maintained,  that  the  Indulgence  was  for  the  fervice  of 
 the  Church  of  England.      "As  for  the  Church  (fays  his 
 f*  Lordfhip)  I  conceive  the  Declaration  is  extreamly  for  their 
 "  Intereft,  for  the  narrow  Bottom  they  have  placed  them-  How  it  was 
 •?  felves  upon,    and  the  meafures  they  have  proceeded  by  uflntod' 
 "  fo  contrary  to  the  properties  and  Liberties  of  the  Nation,  artSjP.  ^6. 
 ff.  mud  needs  in  a  fhort  time  prove  fatal  to  them;  whereas 
 **  this  leads  them  into  another  Way,  to  live  peaceably  with 
 '(  the  diflenting,  and  differing  Proteftants  both  at  home  and 
 ?'  abroad  ;"  which  was  true  if  both  had  not  been  undermi- 
 ned  by  the  Papifts.     Archbifhop  Sheldon,  Morley  and  the  Des  Ma!z> 
 reft  of  their  party,  exclaimed  loudly  againft  the  Indulgence,  Col.  p. 
 and  alarmed  the  whole  Nation,    inibmuch  that  many  fobe'r  677*  &c» 
 and  good  Men,  who  had  long  feared  the  growth  of  Popery 
 began  to  think  their  Eyes  were  open,    and  that  they  were  in 
 good  earned ;    but  it  appeared    afterwards  that  their  chief 
 concern  was  for  their  Spiritual  Power  ;  for  tho'  they  murmu- 
 red againft  the  Difpenfing  Power,  they  fell  in  with  all  their 
 other  Proceedings,    which  if   Providence  had  not  miracu- 
 loufly  interpofed,  muft  have  been  fatal  to  the  Proteftant 
 Religion  and  the  Liberties  of  Europe. 
 
 At  length  the  Declaration  having  been  communicated 
 |o  the  French  King,  and  received  his  Approbation,  was 
 publifhed,  bearing  Date  March  15.  167 1-2.  to  the  follow- 
 ing Effect : 
 
 Charles  Rex, 
 
 ,UR  care  and  endeavours  for  the  Prefervation  of  the  AnewDe- 
 
 «  \J  Ri 
 
 ights  and  Interefts  of  the  Church,  have  been  fuf-  'la,ra!ion  of 
 
 ,,    r   -       ,    °        -r  n     1  1       i„        1    1        1  ,     •  r       -Indulgence. 
 
 "  hciently  manifelted  to  the  World  by  the  whole  courfe  of 
 f*  our  Government  fince  our  happy  reftoration,  and  by  the 
 f '  many  and  frequent  ways  of  Coercion  that  we  have  ufed 
 "  for  reducing  all  erring  or  diflenting  Perfons,  and  forcom- 
 f  pofing  the  unhappy  differences  in  matters  of  Religion, 
 f  which  we  found  among  our  Subjects  upon  our  return ; 
 f  but  it  being  evident  by  the  fad  experience  of  twelve  Years, 
 "  that, there  is  very  little  Fruit  of  all  thefe  forcible  courfes, 
 ff  We  think  ourfelf  obliged  to  make  ufe  of  that  fupreme 
 * (  Power  in  Ecclefiaftical  matters  which  is  not  only  inherent 
 *'  in  us,  but  hath  been  declared  and  recognized  to  be  fo, 
 ?'  by  feveral  Statutes  and  Ads  of  Parliament ;  and  there- 
 "  fore  we  do  now  accordingly  iffue  this  our  Declaration,  as 
 f  well  for  the  quieting  of  our  good  SubjecT:sin  thefe  Points, 
 **  as  for  inviting  Strangers  in  this  conjuncture  to  come  and 
 < s  live  under  us ;  and  for  the  better  encouragement  of  all  to 
 
 "  a  chearful 
 
364  The  HISTORY  Vol.  IV. 
 
 •> 
 
 King       €c  a  chearful  following  of  their  Trades  and  Callings,    from 
 Charles  II.    «  whence  we  hope,  by  the  bleffing  of  God,  to  have  many 
 '*  good  and  happy  Advantages  to  our  Government;   as  alfo 
 tor  preventing  for  the  future  the  danger  that  might  other- 
 
 :  wife  arife   from  private  meetings  and  feditious  Conven- 
 
 '  ticles. 
 "  And  in  the  firft  Place,    we  declare  our  exprefs  Refolu- 
 
 1  tion.  Meaning  and  Intention  to  be,  that  the  Church  of 
 England  be  preferved,  and  remain  entire  in  its  Do6trine, 
 Diicipline  and  Government,  as  now  itflands  eftablifhed  by 
 Law;  and  that  this  be  taken  to  be,  as  it  is,  the  Bafis, 
 Rule,  and  Standard  of  the  general  and  publick  worfhip 
 of  God,  and  that  the  Orthodox  conformable  Clergy  do  re- 
 ceive and  enjoy  the  revenues  belonging  thereunto,  and 
 that  no  Perfon,  tho'  of  a  different  Opinion  and  Perfua- 
 fion,  mail  be  exempt  from  paying  his  Tithes,  or  other 
 Dues  whatfoever.  And  farther  we  declare,  that  no  Per- 
 fon mall  be  capable  of  holding  any  Benefice,  Living  or 
 Ecclefiaflical  Dignity  or  Preferment,  of  any  kind  in 
 this  our  Kingdom  of  England,  who  is  not  exactly  con- 
 formable. 
 
 "  We  do  in  the  next  place  declare  our  Will  and  Plea- 
 fure  to  be,  that  the  execution  of  all,  and  all  manner  of 
 penal  Laws  in  matters  ecclefiaflical,  againfl  whatfoever  fort 
 of  Non-Conformifls  or  Recufants,  be  immediately  fuf- 
 pended,  and  they  are  hereby  fufpended  ;  and  all 
 Judges  of  AiTize  and  Goal  delivery,  Sheriffs,  Juflices  of 
 Peace,  Mayors,  Bailiffs,  and  other  Officers  whatfoever, 
 whether  ecclefiaiticl  aor  civil,  are  to  take  Notice  of  it, 
 and  pay  due  obedience  thereunto, 
 
 "  And  that  there  may  be  no  pretence  for  any  of  our  Sub- 
 jects to  continue  their  illegal  Meetings  and  Conventicles, 
 we  do  declare,  that  we  mall  from  Time  to  Time  allow  a 
 fufficient  Number  of  Places,  as  they  (hall  be  defired,  in 
 all  parts  of  this  our  Kingdom,  for  the  ufe  of  fuch  as  do 
 not  conform  to  the  Church  of  England,  to  meet  and  af- 
 femble  in  order  to  their  publick  Worfhip  and  Devo- 
 tion, which  Places  fhall  be  open  and  free  to  all  Perfons. 
 
 "  But  to  prevent  fuch  Diforders  and  Inconveniences  as 
 may  happen  by  this  our  Indulgence,  if  not  duly  regula- 
 ted ;  and  that  they  may  be  the  better  protected  by  the 
 Civil  Magistrate,  our  exprefs  Will  and  plealure  is,  that 
 none  of  our  Subjects  do  prefume  to  meet  in  any  place, 
 until  fuch  places  be  allowed,  and  the  Teacher  of  that 
 Congregation  be  approved  by  us. 
 
 «  And 
 
Chap.  VIII.      of  the    Puritans. 
 
 '«  And  left  any  fhould  apprehend  that  this  ReftricYion 
 '*  fhould  make  our  faid  Allowance  and  Approbation  difficult 
 "  to  be  obtained,  we  do  farther  declare,  that  this  our  In- 
 "  dulgence,  as  to  the  allowance  of  the  publick  Places  of 
 "  Worfhip,  and  Approbation  of  the  Preachers,  fhall  ex- 
 "  tend  to  all  forts  of  Non-conformifts  and  Recufants,  except 
 «<  the  Recufants  of  the  Roman  Catholick  Religion,  to  whom 
 "  we  fhall  in  no  wife  allow  publick  places  of  Worfhip,  but 
 **  only  indulge  them  their  Share  in  the  common  exemption 
 "  from  the  penal  Laws,  and  the  Exercife  of  their  Worfhip 
 "  in  their  private  Houfes  only. 
 
 "  And  if  after  this  our  Clemency  and  Indulgence  any  of 
 "  our  Subjects  fhall  pretend  to  abufe  this  Liberty,  and  fhall 
 "  preach  feditioufly,  or  to  the  Derogation  of  the  Doctrine, 
 "  Difopline  or  Government  of  the  eftablifhed  Church,  or 
 *'  fhall  meet  in  places  not  allowed  by  us,  we  do  hereby  give 
 "■  thern  warning  and  declare,  we  will  proceed  againft  them 
 "  with  all  imaginable  Severity.  And  we  will  let  them  fee, 
 "  we  can  be  as  fevere  to  punifh  fuch  Offenders  when  fo 
 "  juftly  provoked,  as  we  are  indulgent  to  truly  tender  Con- 
 '*  fciences." 
 
 Given  at  our  Court  at  Whitehall  this  15  th  Day  of  March, 
 in  the  four  and  twentieth  year  of  our  Reign. 
 
 The  Protectant  Non-Conformifts  had  no  opinion  of  the  Non-Con- 
 difpenfing  Power,  and  were  not  forward  to  accept  of  Liber-  formift* 
 ty  in  this  way;    they  were  fenfible  the  Indulgence  was  not  "°l  fovv'^d 
 granted  out  of  love  to  them,  nor  would  continue  any  longer  ijy  the  Dif- 
 than  it  would  ferve  the  Interests  of  Popery.     "   The  Begin-  penfing 
 "  ing  of  the  Dutch  War  (fays  one  of    the  Writers)  made  B^"' 
 "  the  Court  think  it  neceffary  to  grant  them  an  Indulgence,  part  ill. 
 "  that  there  might  be  peace  at  home  while  there  was  War  p-  99. 
 "  abroad,   tho'  much  to  the  DhTatisfacYion  of  thofe  who  had  Mg    ' 
 "  a  Hand  in  framing  all  the  fevere  "Laws  againfl  them."  p.  ,90. 
 Many  Pamphlets  were  written  for  and  againft  the  DifTenters 
 accepting  it,  becaufe  it  was  built  on  the  Difpenfing  Power. 
 Some  maintained  that  it  was  fetting  up  Altar  againft  Altar, 
 and  that  they  mould  accept  of  nothing  but  a  comprehenfion. 
 Others  endeavoured  to  prove,    that  it  was  the  Duty  of  the 
 Prefbyterians  to  make  ufe  of   the  Liberty  granted  them  by 
 the  King,   becaufe  it  was  their  natural  Right,    which  no  le- 
 giflative  Power  upon  Earth  had  a  Right  to  deprive  them  of 
 as  long  as   they  remained  dutiful   Subjects ;  that  meeting  in 
 feparate  Congregations  diftincf  from  the   Parochial  AfTem- 
 blies  in  the  prefent   circumftances  was  neither  fchifmatical 
 
 nor 
 
366  TheHlSTORY       Vol.  IV 
 
 King      nor  finful.      Accordingly  moil  of    the  Minifters,    both  in 
 
 YfiTi   '    London  and  in  the  Country,    took  out  Licenfes,  a  Copy  of 
 
 ■l_,—  -,_/  which  I  have  tranfcribed  from  under  the  King's  own  Hand 
 
 Wei.  Mem.  and  Seal  in  the  Margin  *.     Great  Numbers  of  People  atten- 
 
 p.  102.        ^d  the  Meetings,    and  a  cautious  and  moderate  Addrefs  of 
 
 Thanks  was  prefented  to  the  King  for  their  Liberty,  but  all 
 
 were  afraid  of  the  Confequences. 
 
 It  was  reported  further,  that  the  Court  encouraged  the 
 Non-Conformifts,  by  fome  fmall  Penfions  of  fifty  and  one 
 hundred  Pounds  to  the  chief  of  their  party  ;  that  Mr.  Bax- 
 ter returned  the  Money,  but  that  Mr.  Pool  acknowledged  he 
 had  received  fifty  Pounds  for  two  years,  and  that  the  reft 
 Eumet,  p.  accepted  it.  This  was  reported  to  the  Difadvantage  of  the 
 308.  Diffenters  by  Dr.  Stillingfket,  and  others,    with  an  Infinua- 
 
 tion,  that  it  was  to  bribe  them  to  be  filent,  and  join  Interefl: 
 with  the  Papifts ;  but  Dr.  Owen,  in  anfwer  to  this  part  of 
 the  Charge,  in  his  Preface  to  a  Book,  entitled,  An  Enquiry 
 &c.  againft  Dr.  Stillingfket,  declares,  that  "  It  is  fuch  a 
 "  frontlefs  malicious  Lye,  as  impudence  itfelf  would  blufti 
 "  at ;  that  however  the  Diffenters  may  be  traduced,  they  are 
 "  ready  to  give  the  higheft  Security  that  can  be  of  their  Sta- 
 "  bility  in  the  Proteftant  Caufe ;  and  for  myfelf  (fays  he) 
 "  never  any  Perfon  in  Authority,  Dignity,  or  Power  in  the 
 "  Nation,  nor  any  from  them,  Papift  or  Proteftant,  did 
 "  ever  fpeak  or  advife  with  me  about  any  Indulgence  or 
 "  Toleration  to  be  granted  to  Papifts,  and  I  challenge  the 
 •  "  whole  World  to  prove  the  contrary."  From  this  Indul- 
 gence Dr.  Stillingfket  dates  the  Beginning  of  the  Prelbyter- 
 rian  Separation. 
 
 *  Charles  Rex. 
 
 CHARLES  by  the  Grace  of  God,  King  of  England,  Scot- 
 land, France,  and  Ireland,  Defender  of  the  Faith,  &c.  To 
 all  Mayors,  Bailiffs,  Conftables,  and  others  our  Officers  and  Mi- 
 nifters Civil  and  Military,  whom  it  may  concern,  Greeting.  In 
 purfuance  of  our  Declaration  of  the  15th  of  March,  167 1-2. 
 We  do  hereby  permit  and  Licenfe  G  S. of  the  Congre- 
 gational Perfuafion,  to  be  a  Teacher  of  the  Congregation  allow- 
 ed by  us,  in  a  Room  or  Rooms  of  his  Houle  in for  the 
 
 Ufe  of  fuch  as  do  not  conform  to  the  Church  of  England,  who 
 are  of  that  Perfuafion  commonly  called  Congregational,  with  fur- 
 ther Licenfe  and  Permifhon  to  him  the  faid  G.    S. to 
 
 teach  in  any  Place  licenfed  and  allowed  by  us,  according  to  our 
 faid  Declaration. 
 
 Given  at  our  Court  at  Whitehall  the  fecond  Day  of  May,  in  the 
 24th  Year  of  our  Reign  1672.    By  his  Majefty's  Command, 
 
 Arlington. 
 This 
 
Chap.  VIII.       of  the  Puritans.  367 
 
 This  year  died  Dr.  Edmund  Staunton,  the  ejected  Minif-      King 
 ter  ofKingfton  on  Thames,  one  of  the  AfTembly  of  Divines,  Ch^«  "• 
 and  fome  time  Prefident  of  Corpus  chrifti  College  in  Oxford.  ,_      _'_j 
 He  was  Son  of    Sir  Francis   Staunton,  born  at  Woburne  in  Death  of  Dr. 
 Bedfordshire,   1601.  and  educated  in   Wadham  College,  ofStaunton- 
 which  he  was  Fellow.     Upon  taking  his  Orders  he  became 
 Minifter  of  Bufhy  in  Hertfordfhire,  but  changedit  afterwards 
 for  Kingfton  on  Thames.     In  1634.  he  took  the  Degrees  in 
 Divinity,  and  in  1648.  was  made  Prefident  of  Corpus  Chrifti, 
 College,  which  he  kept  till  he  was  filenced  for  Non- confor- 
 mity.    He  then  retired  to  Richmanfworth  in  Hertfordfhire, 
 and  afterwards  to  a  Village  in  that  County  called  Bovingden, 
 where  he  preached  as  often  as  he  had  opportunity.     He  was 
 a  learned,  pious,  and  peaceable  Divine.     In  his  laft  Sicknefs 
 he  faid,  He  neither  feared  Death  nor  defired  Life,  but  was 
 willing  to  be  at  God's  difpofal.     He  died  July  14.  167 1.  and 
 was  buried  in  the  Church  belonging  to  the  Parifh. 
 
 Mr.  Vavafor  Powell  was  born  in  Radnorfhire,  and  edu-  And  of  Mr. 
 cated  in  Jefus  College,  Oxon.  When  he  left  the  Univeriity  p^j^ 
 he  preached  up  and  down  in  Wales,  till  being  driven  from 
 thence  for  want  of  Preibyterial  Ordination,  which  he  fcru- 
 pled,  he  came  to  London,  and  foon  after  fettled  at  Darrford 
 in  Kent.  In  the  year  1646.  he  obtained  a  teftimonial  of  his 
 religious  and  blamelefs  converfation,  and  of  his  Abilities  for 
 the  Work  of  the  Miniftry,  figned  by  Mr.  Herle  and  leven- 
 teen  of  the  AfTembly  of  Divines.  Furnifhed  with  thefe  tefli- 
 monials  he  returned  to  Wales,  and  became  a  mod  indefa- 
 tigable and  active  Inftrument  of  propogating  the  Gofpel  in 
 thofe  Parts.  There  were  but  few,  if  any  of  the  Churches 
 or  Chapels  in  Wales,  in  which  he  did  not  preach ;  yea,  very 
 often  he  preached  to  the  poor  Welch  in  the  Mountains,  at 
 Fairs,  and  in  Market  Places ;  for  which  he  had  no  more  than 
 a  Stipend  of  one  hundred  Pounds  per  Annum,  befides  the 
 advantage  of  fome  fequefter'd  Livings  in  North  Wales  (fays 
 my  Author)  which  in  thofe  times  of  confufion  turned  but  to 
 a  very  poor  Account  Mr.  Powell  was  a  bold  Man,  and  of 
 republican  principles,  for  he  preached  againft  the  Protec- 
 torfhipof  Cromwel,  and  writ  Letters  to  him,  for  which  he 
 was  imprifoned,  to  prevent  his  fpreading  Difaffe&ion  in  the 
 State.  At  the  dawn  of  the  Reftoration  being  known  to  be 
 a  Fifth  Monarchy  Man,  he  was  fecured  firft  at  Shrewlbury, 
 afterwards  in  Wales,  and  at  laft  in  the  Fleet.  In  the  year 
 1662.  he  was  fhut  up  in  South  Sea  Caftle  near  Portfmouth, 
 where  he  continued  five  years.  In  1667.  he  was  enlarged, 
 but  venturing  to  preach  again  in  his  own  Country,    he  was 
 
 imprifoned 
 
368  The  HISTORY        Vol.  IV. 
 
 Ki"£  imprifoned  at  Cardiff,  and  in  the  year  1 669.  fen t  up  to  Lon" 
 ,6  rs  '  don,  and  confined  a  prifoner  in  the  Fleet,  where  he  died* 
 and  was  buried  in  Bunhill  Fields,  in  the  prefence  of  an  innu- 
 merable Croud  of  Diffenters,  who  attended  him  to  his  grave. 
 He  was  of  an  unconquer'd  refolution,  and  of  a  mind  unfha- 
 ken  under  all  his  troubles.  The  Infcription  on  his  Tomb 
 calls  him,  "  A  fuccefsful  teacher  of  the  paft,  a  fincere  wit- 
 '*  nefs  of  the  prefent,  and  an  ufeful  example  to  the  future 
 "  Age  ;  who  in  the  Defection  of  many  found  Mercy  to  be 
 "  faithful,  for  which  being  called  to  many  Pnfons,  he  was 
 tf  there  tried,  and  would  not  accept  Deliverance,  expecting 
 tc  a  better  Refurre&ion,"  He  died  October  27.  1 671.  in 
 the  fifty  third  Year  of  his  Age,  and  the  nth  Year  of  his 
 Imprifonment, 
 
 CHAP.    IX. 
 
 From  the   King's  Declaration  of  Indulgence  to  the  Popifh 
 Plot  in  the  Year  1678. 
 
 1672 
 The  French  '  |  v  H  E  French  Kiug  having  prevailed  with  the  Englifli 
 
 JSiT"  -*  Court  to  break  the  TriPle  A1,iance»  and  make  War 
 
 Dutch  and    w'tn  the  Dutch,  published  a  declaration  at  Paris,  fignifying 
 ver-run       that  he  could  not  without  Diminution  of  his  own  Glory,  any 
 longer  difTemble  the  Indignation   raifed  in  him,    by  the  un- 
 handfome  Carriage  of  the  States  General  of  the  united  Provin- 
 ces, and  therefore  proclaimed  War  againftthem  both  by  Sea 
 and  Land.     In  the  Beginning  of  May  he  drew  together  an 
 Army  of  one  hundred  and  twenty  thoufand  Men,  with  which 
 he  took  the  principal  Places  in  Flanders,  and  with  rapid  Fury 
 over-ran  the  greater!  part  of   the  Netherlands.     In  the  Be- 
 gining  of   July  he  took  poffeflion  of    Utrecht,  a  City  in  the 
 Heart  of  the  the  United  Provinces,  where  he  kept  his  Court, 
 Pr.  of  o-      and  threaten'd  to  befiege  Amfterdam  it  felf.     In  this  extre- 
 range  Stadt-  mity  the  Dutch  opened  their  Sluices,  and  laid  a  great  part  of 
 theDe'w't  t'1e'r  Country  under  water  ;  the  populace  rofe,     and  having 
 muidered.    obliged  the  States  to  make  the  young  Prince  of  Orange  Stadt- 
 holder   they  fell  upon  the  two  Brothers  Cornelius  and  John 
 de  Wit,  their  late  Penfionary,  and  tore  them  to  pieces  in  a 
 barbarous  manner.     The  young  prince,  who  was  then   but 
 twenty  two  years  old,  ufed  all  imaginable  Vigilance  and  Activi- 
 ty to  fave  the  remainder  of  his  Country ;  and  like  a  true  hero 
 declared,  he  would  die  in  the  lad  dike   rather  than  become 
 tributary  to  any  foreign  power.  At  length  their  allies  came  to 
 
 their 
 
 their  Coun- 
 try 
 
Chap.  IX.  of  the  P  u  r  i  t  A  n  si  369 
 
 *heir   Afliftanee,     when    the  young   Prince,    like   another       King 
 Scfpio,  abandoning  his  own  country,  befieged  and  took  the   C  *i^p 
 imporant  Town  of  Bonne,  which  opened  a  PalTage  for  the  i_,—  -'_/ 
 Germans   into  Flanders,  and  ftruck  fuch  a  furpiize  into  the 
 French,  whofe   Enemies  u  ere  now   behind  them,  that  they 
 abandoned   all  their  Conquefts    in    Holland,    except  Mae- 
 ftritch  and  Grave,  with   greater  fwiftnefs   than  they    made 
 them. 
 
 Thefe    rapid  Conquefts   of  the  Freneh  opened    Peoples  Pr°cJama- 
 Mouths  againft  the  Court,  and   raifed   fuch  difcontents  all  J^^g™* 
 over  England,  that   his   Majefty   was  obliged    to  iiTue  out  faife  New*. 
 his  Proclamation  to  fupprefs  all  unlawful  and  undutiful  Con-  Gazette, 
 verfation,  threatning  a  fevere  Profecution    to     fuch    who 
 Ihould  fpread  falfe  News,  or  intermeddle  with  affairs  of  State, 
 or  promote  Scandal  againft  his  Majefty's  Counfellors  by  their 
 common   difcourfe   in   Coffee-Houfes,  or   Places  of  publick 
 refort.     He  was    ©bliged  alfo  to  continue   the  Exchequer 
 fhut  up,  contrary  to  his   Royal  Promife,  and  to  prorogue 
 his  Parliament  'till  next  Year,   which  he    forefaw  would  be 
 in  a  Flame  when  they  came  together. 
 
 During  this    interval    of  Parliament   the   declaration   of  The  Begin- 
 Indulgence  continued  in  force,  and  the  Diffenters  had  reft  ;  ™ng  ,of  th* 
 when    the    Prefbyterians  and    Independants,  to  fhew  their  Leaure  at 
 agreement   among   themfelves,   as    well   as   to  fupport  the  Pinner* 
 Doctrines  of  the  Reformation  againft  the   prevailing  errors 
 of  Popery,  Socinianifm    and    Infidelity,    fet  up   a    weekly 
 Lecture  at  Pinners- Hall   in  Broad-ftreet,  on  Tuefday  Morn- 
 ings,   by  the  contributions  of  the  principal    Merchants  and 
 Tradefmen   of  their  perfuafions   in   the   City.     Four  Pref- 
 byterians were  joined  with  two  Independants  to  preach   by 
 turns,  and  to   give  it  the   greater   reputation,  the  principal 
 Minifters  for  Learning  and  Popularity  were  chofen  into   it ; 
 as  Dr.  Bates,  Dr.  Manton,  Dr.  Owen,  Mr.  Baxer,    Mr. 
 Collins,  Jenkins,  Mead,   and  afterwards  Mr.  Alfop,  Howe, 
 Cole,  and  others  ;  and  tho'  there  were  fome  little  mifun- 
 derftandings  at  their  firft  fetting  our,    about  fome  high  points 
 of  Calvinilm,  eccafioned  by  one  of  Mr.   Baxter's  firft  Ser- 
 mons, yet  the  Lecture  continued  in  this  form  'till   the  Year 
 1695,  when  it  fplit  upon  the  fame  Reck,  occafioned  by  re- 
 printing Dr.  Crifp's  Works.     The  four  Prefbyterians   remo- 
 ved to  Salter's  Hall,  and  fet  up  a  Lecture  on  the  fame  Dav 
 and   Hour.       The  two   Independants    remained    at   Pinners 
 Hall,  and  when  there  was  no  profpe£t  of  an  accommodation, 
 each  Party  ftlied  up  their  numbers,   as  they  have  continued 
 to  do  ever  fince. 
 
 Vol.   IV.  A  a  Among 
 
£70  The    HISTORY         Vol.  IV, 
 
 King  Among  the  Puritan  Divines  that  died    this  Year,  Bifhop 
 
 i6?t.  "'  Wilkins  deferves  the  firft  Place  ;  he  was  born  at  Fawfly  in 
 «__.— v— '  _j»  Northamptonshire,   in  the   Houfe  of  his   Mother's   Father, 
 Death  of      Mr.' J.  Dod,  the  Decalogift,  in  the  Year  1614,  and   educa- 
 ^J°p         ted  in  Magdalen  Hall,  iiiider  Mr.  Tombes.      He  was  feme 
 Ath.  Ox.     time  Warden  of  Wadham  College,  Oxford,  and  afterwards 
 p.  5°5>        Matter   of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  of  which    he   was 
 deprived   at  the  Restoration,  though   he  conformed.      He 
 married  a  Sifter  of  the  Protector's,  Oliver  Cromwel,  and  com- 
 plied with  all  the  changes  of  the  late  times,  being,  as  Wood 
 obferves,  always  puritanically  affected  ;  but  for  his  admirable 
 abilities,  and  extraordinary  genius,  he  had  fcarce  his  Equal. 
 He   was  made   Bifhop  of  Chefter    1668,  and    finely,  fays 
 Mi*.  Eachard,  the  Court  could  not  have  found  out  a  Man  of 
 greater    Ingenuity    and   Capacity,    or    of    more    univerfal 
 Knowledge  and  Underffanding  in  all  parts  of  polite  Learn- 
 ing.     Archbifliop  Tillotfon  and  fiifhop  Burnet,  who  were 
 his  Intimates,  give  him  the  higheft  Encomium  ;  as,  that  he 
 was  a  pious  Chriftian,  and  an  admirable  Preacher,  a   rare 
 Mathematician,  and  mechanical   Philofopher  ;    and  a  Man 
 of  as  great  a  Mind,  and  as  true  a  Judgment,  as  eminent  Vir- 
 tues, and  of  as   great  a  Soul,  as  any  they  ever  knew.     He 
 was  a  Pei Ton  of  univerfal  Charity,  Ingenuity,  Temper,  and 
 moderation  of  Spirit  ;  and  was  concerned  in   all  attempts 
 for  a   comprehension   with  the  Diffenters.      He  died  of  the 
 Scone  in  Dr.  Tillotfon's  Houfe  in  Chancery-Lane,  Nov.  19, 
 1672,  in  the  fifty  ninth  Year  of  his  Aee. 
 °fre^r-  Mr.   Jofeph  Caryl,   M.  A.    the    ejected   Minifter    of  St. 
 
 Caryl.  Magnus,  London  Bridge,    was   born  of  genteel  Parents  in 
 
 London,  1602,  educated  in  Exeter  College,  and  afterwards 
 Preacher  of  Lincoln's-Inn  ;  he  was  a  Member  of  the  af- 
 fembly  of  Divines,  and  afterwards  one  of  the  Tryers,  for 
 approbation  of  Minifters,  in  all  which  {rations  he  appeared 
 a  Man  of  great  Learning,  Piety  and  Modefty,  He  was 
 fent.  by  the  Parliament  to  attend  the  King  at  Holmby  Houfe, 
 and  was  one  of  their  Commiffiouers  in  the  Treaty  of  the 
 Ifle  of  Wight,  After  his  Ejectment  in  the  Year  1662, 
 he  lived  privately  in  London,  and  preached  to  his  Congre- 
 gation as  the  times  would  permit;  he  was  a  moderate  Inde- 
 pendant,  and  diftinguifhed  himfelf  by  his  learned  Expofition 
 upon  the  Boole  of  Job..  He  died  univerfally  lamented  by  all 
 his  Acquaintance  February  7,  1672-3,  and  in  the  feventy 
 firfr.  Year  of  his  Age. 
 Of  Mr.  Mr.  Philip  Nye,  M.  A.  was  a  Divine  of  a  warmer  Spirit  : 
 
 Phil.  Nye.  jje  was  born  0f  a  gCnteel  Family  1596,  and  was  educated 
 
 in 
 
Chap.  IX.       of  the  P  u  R  i  t  a  n  s.  371 
 
 in  Magdalen  College,  Oxford,  where  he  took  the  Degrees.  Kins 
 In  the  Year  1630  he  was  Curate  of  St.  Michael's  Corn-  Ch^,esII« 
 hill,  and  three  Years  after  fled  from  Bifhop  Laud's  Per-  v  _  \j 
 fecution  into  Holland,  but  returned  about  the  beginning 
 of  the  long  Parliament,  and  became  Mh.ifrer  ot  Kimbol- 
 ton  in  Huntingtonfhire.  He  was  one  of  the  diflenting 
 Brethren  in  the  Affembly  ;  one  of  the  Tryers  in  the  Pro- 
 tector's time,  and  a  principal  manager  of  the  meeting  of  the 
 congregational  Meffengers  at  the  Savoy.  He  was  a  great 
 Politician,  infomuch  that  it  was  debated  in  Council  after 
 the  Reftoration,  whether  he  fhould  not  be  excepted  for 
 Life  ;  and  it  was  concluded,  that  if  he  fhould  accept  or 
 exercife  any  Office  ecclefiaftical  or  civil,  he  fhould  to  all 
 intents  and  purpofes  in  Law  ftand  as  if  he  had  been  totally 
 excepted.  He  was  ejected  from  St.  Bartholomew  behind  the 
 Exchange,  and  preached  privately  as  opportunity  offered,  to 
 a  Congregation  of  DhTenters  'till  the  prefent  Year,  when 
 he  died  in  the  Month  of  September,  about  feventy  fix  Years 
 old,  and  lies  buried  in  the  Church  of  St.  Michael's,  Corn- 
 hill,  leaving  behind  him  the  Character  of  a  Man  of  uncom- 
 mon   Depth,  and  one  who  was  feldom  if  ever  out-reached.       1673. 
 
 When   the  King  met  his  Parliament  Feb.    4,  after  are-  The  Partl*» 
 cefs  of  a  Year  and  nine  Months,  he  acquainted  them  with  wakened. 
 the  reafonablenefs  and  neceffity  of  a  War  with  the  Dutch, 
 and  having  afked  a  fupply  told  them,  "  He  had  found  the 
 cc  good  effect:  of  his    Indulgence    to  Diffenters,  but  that  it 
 •f  was  a  miftake  in  thofe  who  faid,  more  Liberty  was  given 
 "  to   Papifts   than  others,  becaufe  they  had   only  freedom 
 "  in    their  own  Houfes,   and   no   publick  Affemblies  ;  he 
 '*  fhould   therefore  take   it   ill   to   receive  Contradiction  in 
 *'  what  he  had  done  ;  and    to  deal  plainly  with  you  (fays 
 'e  his  Majefty)    I  am  refolved  to  flick  to  my  Declaration." 
 Lord  Chancellor    Shaftfbuiy   feconded   the    King's   Speech, 
 and  having  vindicated  the  Indulgence  magnified  the  King's 
 zeal  for  the  Church  of  England  and  the  Proteftant  Religion.  Arguments 
 But  the  Houfe  of  Commons  declared  againft  the  difpenhng  for  and  a~ 
 Power,  and  argued,  that  tho'  the  King  had  a  power  to  pardon  Diipenfinif 
 Offenders,  he   had    no  right  to  authorize  Men  to  break  the  Power. 
 Laws,  for  this' would  infer  a  Power  to  alrer  the  Government, 
 the   ftrength   of  every  Law  being  the   Penalty  laid  upon  the 
 Offenders;  if  therefore  the  King  fhould  fecure  Offenders  byin- 
 demnifying  them  before-hand,  it  was  in  vaintomakeany  Laws 
 at  all,  becaufe  according  to  this  maxim,  they  had   no   force 
 
 but  at  the  King's  difcretion  But  it  was  objected  on 
 
 the  other  fide,  that  a  difference  was  to  be  made  between 
 
 A  a  2  Penal 
 
The    HISTORY        Vol.  IV. 
 
 Penal  Laws  in  fpiritual  Matters  and  others  ;  that  the  King's 
 Supremacy  gave  him  a  peculiar  Authority  over  thefe,  as  was 
 evident  by  his  tolerating  the  Jews  and  the  Churches  of  fo- 
 reign Proteftants To  which  it  was  replied,    That 
 
 the  intent  of  the  Law  in  afierting  the  Supremacy  was  only 
 
 to  exclude  all  foreign  Jurisdiction,  and  to  lodge  the  whole 
 
 Authority    with  the  King  ;  but  that  was  ftill  bounded  and 
 
 regulated  by  Law  ;  the  Jews  were  ftill  at  Mercy,  and  only 
 
 connived   at,    but  the  foreign  Churches  were  excepted  by  a 
 
 particular  Claufe  in  the  Aft   of  Uniformity  ;  and  therefore 
 
 upon  the   whole   they  came  to    this  Refolution,  Feb.   10, 
 
 Houfe  of     "  That  Penal  Statutes    in    matters  ecclefiaftical   cannot  be 
 
 Commons     u  fufpe nded  but  by  Acl  of  Parliament  ;  that  no  fuch  Power 
 
 it,  "  had  ever  been  claimed  or  exercifed  by  any  of  his  Majef- 
 
 "  ty's  Predecefiois,   and  therefore  his  Majefty's  Indulgence 
 
 "  was   contrary  to  Law,  and  tended  to  (ubvert   the  Legifla- 
 
 "  tive  Power  , which  hadalvvavs  been  acknowledged  to  refide 
 
 "   hi  the  King  and  his  two  Houfes   of  Parliament."     Pur- 
 
 fuant  to  this  Refolution  they  addrefieu  the  King,  Feb.  19,  to 
 
 reca!   his   Declaration.      The  King  anfwered,  That  he  was 
 
 forry  they  fhould  queftion  his  Power  in  Ecclefiaflicks,  which 
 
 had  not   been    done  in  the  reigns  of  his   Ancestors  ;  that  he 
 
 dIJ   not   pretend   to  fufpend    Laws    wherein  the  Properties, 
 
 Rights  or   Liberties  of  his  Subjects  were  concerned,  nor  to 
 
 alter  any  thing  in  the  efrablilhed  Religion,  but  only  to  take 
 
 ofr  the  Penal-. ies  inflicted  on  DilTenters,   which  he  believed 
 
 they  themfelves  would  not  wifh  executed  according  to  Law. 
 
 F   ,     .        The  Commons  perceiving  his   Majefty  was  not   inclined  to 
 
 p.  8*9.'       defift  from  his  Declaration,  ftopt   their   Money  Bill,    and 
 
 Burnet,         prefented  a  fecond  Addrefs,   infilling  upon  a  full  and  fatisfac- 
 
 p'  347'        tory    Affurance,   that  his  Majefty's  Conduct   in  this  Affair 
 
 might  not  be  drawn  into  Example  for   the   future,  which  at 
 
 length  they  obtained. 
 
 Ald.Lovein      The  Parliament   was   now  firft   difpofed    to    diftinguifh 
 
 the  Name  of  between  p'roteftant  DiHTenters  and  Popifh  Refcuants,  and  to 
 
 ters  reno'un-  £'ve  ea^e  to  tne  former  without  including  the  latter,   efpecial- 
 
 ces  thf  Dif-  ly  when   the   DilTenters  in  the  Houfe  dilavowed  the   difpen- 
 
 penfmg        fing  Power,  tbo'   it   was  in  their  Faour.     Alderman  Love, 
 
 Member  for    the    City    of    London,  flood  up,  and    in   a 
 
 handfome    Speech    declared,  **  That    he    had    rather    go 
 
 "  without  his  own  deftred  Liberty  than  have  it  in  a  way 
 
 "  fo   deftrutStive  of  the  Liberties  of  his  Country   and   the 
 
 "  Pioteftant  Intereft  ;    and   that  this  was  the  Senfe  of  the 
 
 "  main  Bodv  of  DifTenters."       Which   furprized  the  whole 
 
 Houfe,  and  gave  a  turn  to  thofe  very  Men  who  for  ten  Years 
 
 together  had  been  loadiug  the  Non-Confounifts  with  one 
 
 Penal 
 
Chap.  IX.  of  the  Puritans.  373 
 
 Penal  Law  after  another :  But  things  were  now  at  a  Criil? ;       King 
 Popery  and  Slavery  were   at   the  door  ;   the  triple  Alliance     ™r6es  U' 
 broken   ;  the    Proteftant  Powers  wafting  one  another  ;    the  ._  _  _  j 
 Exchequer  fhut  up  ;  the  Heir  apparent   of  the  Crown   an 
 open  Papift  ;   and  an  Army  encamped  at  Blackheath  under 
 Popifh   Officers  ready   to   be  traniported   into   Holland    to 
 compleat  their  Ruin.     When  the   DilTenters  at  fuch  a  time 
 laid  afide  their  refentments  againft   their   Perfecutors,    and 
 renounced  their   feparate  Interelts  for  the  fafety  of  the  Pro- 
 teftant Religion,  and  the  Liberties  of    their   Country,    all 
 fober   Men    began    to  think   it  was  high   time    to    put    a 
 Mark  of  Diftinction  between    them  and   the    Roman   Ca- 
 tholicks. 
 
 But  the  King  was  of  another  mind,  yet  being  in  want  of  The  King 
 Money,  he  was  eafily  perfuaded  by  his  Miftrefles  to  give  up  B"?8  Up  h" 
 his  Indulgence,  contrary  to  the  Advice  of  the  Cabal,  who 
 told  him,  if  he  would  make  a  bold  ftand  fur  his  Prerogative, 
 all  would  be  well.  But  he  came  to  the  Houfe  March  8,  and 
 having  preffed  the  Commons  todifpatch  the  Money  Bill,  he 
 added,  "  "  If  there  beany  Scruple  yet  remaining  with 
 
 "  you,  touching  the  fufpenfion  of  the  Penal  Laws,  I    here 
 '*  faithfully   promife   you,    that  what  has  been  done  in  that 
 M  Particular,  fhall  not  for  the  future  be  drawn  into  Exam- 
 "  pie  and  Confequence  ;    and  as  I  daily   expect  from   you 
 *'  a  Bill  for  my  Supply,  fo  I  allure  you  I  fhall,  as  willinglv 
 *'  receive  and  pafs  any  other  you  fhall  offer   me,    that   may 
 *(   tend  to    the  giving  you  Satisfaction  in  all  your  juft  Grie- 
 "  vances."     Accordingly  he  called  for  the  Declaration,    and 
 broke  the  Seal  with  his  own  Hands,  by  which  means  all  the 
 Licenfes  for  Meeting- Houfes  were   called  in.     Our   Hillo-  Shaftsbury 
 rians  obferve,  that  this   proceeding    of  the    King    made  a  cXa'*  ^ 
 furprizing  change  in  Lord  Shaftfbury,   who  had  been  the  Soul  Eachard, 
 of  the  Cabal,   and  the    mafter    builder  of  the   Scheme  for  P  8$°>  &9'- 
 making  the  King  abfolute  ;   but  that  when  his   Majerty   was     u"eg' 
 fo  unfteady  as  to  defert  him  in  the  Project  of  an  Indulgence, 
 after  he  had  promifed  to   ftand   by  him,  he    concluded  the 
 King  was  not  to  be  trufted,    and  appeared  afterwards  at   the 
 Head  of  the  Country  Party. 
 
 The  Non-Conformifts  were  now  in  fome  hopes  of  a  legal  Bill  for  the 
 Toleration  by  Pat liament,  for  the  Commons  refolved,  Ne-  Pf^te^ 
 mine  Contradicente,    that  a  Bill  be  brought  in   for  the  eafe  Difonters. 
 of  his  Majefty's  Proteftant  Subjects,  who   are   Diftenters  in 
 matters   of  Religion  from  the  Church  of  England.      The 
 Subftance  of  the  Bill  was, 
 
 A  a  3  «<  That 
 
3?4  The  HISTORY  Vol.  IV. 
 
 King  <e  i.  That  Eafe  be  given  to  his  Majefty's  Proteftant  Sub- 
 
 Charles  IL    n  je£s   diflenting    j„   matters  of  Religion,   who  {hall   ftjb- 
 
 !_7^ j  "  fcribe   the   Articles   or  the    Doctrine  of   the   Crunch  of 
 
 "   England,  and  {hall   take  the   Oaths   of   Allegiance  and 
 "  Supiemacy.      1.    That  the  fain1   Proteftant    Subjects   be 
 il  eafed   from  all   Pans  and    Penalties  for  not  coming  to 
 "  Church.     3.  Tliat  the  Claufe  in  the  late  Act  of  Unifor- 
 "  mity,  for    declaring  the  Affent  and   Confent,    be   taken 
 ct  away  by  this  Bill.     4.  That    the  laid  Proteftant  Subjects 
 "  be  eafed  from  all  Puns  and  Penalties  for  meeting  together 
 "  for  performance  of   any    religious   Exerc'fes.     5.   That 
 *c  every  Teacher  fhall  give  notice  of  the   Place  where   he 
 **  intends  to  hold  fuch  his  Meeting  to  the  Qjarter  Seffions, 
 "  where  in   open  Court  he  (hall  fit  ft  make  fuch  Subfcripti- 
 "  on,    and   take  fuch  Oaths  as  aforefaid,    and  receive  from 
 *'  thence  a    Certificate  thereof,   where  all  fuch  proceedings 
 "  {bail   remain  upon  Recoid.      6.  That  any  fuch  Teacher 
 "  may  exercife  as  aforefaid,  until  the  next  refpective  Quar- 
 "  ter  Seffions,  and  no  longer,  in  cafe  he  fhould  not  firft 
 "  take  the  Oaths,  and  make  fuch  Subfcription  before  two 
 <c  of  the  neighbouring  Juftices  of  Peace,  and  fhall  firft  give 
 "  them   notice  of  the  Place  of  his  intended  Meeting,  and 
 "  take  Ce.tificate   thereof  under  the  faid  Juftices  Hands,   a 
 "  Duplicate  whereof  they  are  to  return  into  the  nextQuar- 
 "  ter  Seffions.     7.  The  Doors  and  PafTages  of  all  Houfes 
 <c  and  Places   where  the  faid  Diflenters  do  meet  fhall  be  al- 
 4C  ways  open  and   free   during  the    time  of  fuch  Exercife. 
 "  8.    If  any  Diffenter  refufes  to  take  the  Chuich  Wardens 
 "  Oaths    he  {hail  then  find  another  fit  PerLn,   who  is  not  a 
 "  Diffenter,  to  execute  that  Office,  and  fhall  pay  him  for  it.'* 
 ft  mifca tries.  But  tho'  all  agreed  in  bringing  in  a  Bill,   there  was  neither 
 time  nor  unanimity  enough  in  the  Houfe  this  Seffions  to  agree 
 upon  Particulars;    for,  according  to  Bifhop  Burnet,  it  went 
 no  farther  than  a  fecond  reading.      Mr.  Eachard  fays,  it  was 
 dropt  in  theHoiife  of  Lords  on  the  account  of  fome  Amend- 
 ments,    'till  the  Parliament  broke  up  ;   but  Mr.  Cooke  fays 
 '         more  truly,    that    it  was  hecaufe  the    dead  weight  of  Bi- 
 fhops  joined  with  the  King  and  the  caballing  Party  againft  it. 
 s  While  this    was   depending,  the  Commons  addrefled   the 
 
 Addiefs  a-    King  againft  Papifts  and  Jefuits,    expveffing  their  great  Con- 
 gairtft  cern  to  iee  fuch    Perfons   admitted    into    Employments  and 
 
 Place-  of  great  Trull  and  Profit,  and  efpecially  into  military 
 Commands,  and  therefore  pray,  that  the  Laws  againft  them 
 may  be  put  into  Execution.  Upon  which  a  Proclamation 
 was  iffued  out,  (tho5  to  very  little  purpofe)  enjoining  all  Po- 
 
Chap.  IX.         of  the  P  u  r  i  t  a  n  s.  375 
 
 pifh  Priefts  and  Jefuits  to  depart  the  Realm,  and  the  Laws       KinS 
 to  be  put  in  Execution  againft  all  Popifh  Recufants.  ^JT    ' 
 
 But  his  Majefty  making  no  mention  of  removing  -them  v^-^-^j 
 from  Places  of  Profit  and  Truft,  the  Commons  knowing  The  Ted 
 where  their  Strength  lay,  fufpended  their  Money  Bill/  and  ££  b™^ht 
 ordered  a  Bill  to  be  brought  in,  to  confine  all  Places  of  Pro-  Houfe. 
 fit  and  Truft  to  thofe  only  who  are  of  the  Communion  of 
 the  Church  of  England  :  This  is  commonly  called  the 
 Teft  Acl:,  and  was  levelled  againft  the  Duke  of  York  and 
 the  prefent  Miniftry,  who  were  chiefly  of  his  perfusion. 
 When  it  was  brought  into  the  Houfe,  the  Court  oppofed  it 
 with  all  their  might,  and  endeavoured  to  divide  the  Church 
 Party,  by  propofing,  that  fome  regard  might  be  had  to 
 Proteftant  Diffenters,  hoping  by  this  means  to  clog  the  Bill, 
 and  throw  it  out  of  the  Houfe  ;  upon  which  Alderman  Love, 
 a  DifTenter,  and  Member  for  the  City,  flood  up  again  and 
 faid,  He  hoped  the  Claufe  in  favour  of  the  Proteftant  Dif- 
 fenters  would  Occafion  no  intemperate  Heats  ;  and  therefore 
 moved,  that  fuice  it  was  a  confiderable  Barrier  againft  Po- 
 pery, the  Bill  might  pafs  without  any  Alteration,  and  that 
 nothing  might  interpofe  'till  it  was  finifhed,  and  then  (fays 
 the  Alderman)  v.e  (Diffenters)  will  try  if  the  Parliament 
 will  not  diftinguifh  us  from  Popifli  Recufants  by  fome  marks  of 
 their  Favour  ;  but  we  are  willing  to  lie  under  the  feverity  of 
 the  Laws  for  a  time,  rather  than  clog  a  more  neceffary  Work 
 with  our  Concerns.  Thefe  being  the  fentiments  of  the 
 Jeading  Diftenters  both  in  the  Houfe  and  without  Doors,  the 
 Bill  pafled  the  Commons  with  little  oppofition  ;  but  when  Debates 
 it  came  to  be  debated  in  the  Houfe  of  Peers,  in  the  King's  about  lt* 
 Prefence,  March  15,  the  whole  Court  was  againft  it  ex- 
 cept the  Earl  of  Briftol  ;  and  maintained  that  it  was  his 
 Majefty 's  Prerogative  to  employ  wh'>m  he  pleafed  in  his  Ser- 
 vice. Some  were  for  having  the  King  to  ftand  his  ground 
 againft  the  Parliament.  The  Duke  of  Buckingham  and  Burnet, 
 Lord  Berkly  offered  to  bring  the  Army  to  Town,  and  take  p#  3*  ' 
 out  of  both  Houfes  the  Members  who  made  Oppofition. 
 Lauderdale  offered  to  bring  an  Army  from  Scotland  j  Lord 
 Clifford  told  the  King,  that  the  People  now  faw  through  his 
 Defigns,  and  therefore  he  muft  refolve  to  make  himfelf 
 Mafter  at  once,  or  be  for  ever  fubjecf.  to  much  Jealoufy  and 
 Contempt.  But  the  Earl  of  Shaftfbury  having  changed  Sides 
 prefled  the  King  tu  give  the  Parliament  full  Content,  and 
 then  they  would  undertake  to  procure  hiin  the  Supply  he 
 wanted.  This  fuited  the  King's  eafy  temper,  who  not  be- 
 ing willing  to  rifk  a  fecond  civil  War,  went  into  thefe  Mea- 
 
 A  a  4  fures« 
 
376  The  HISTORY  Vol.  IV. 
 
 King      fures,  and  out  of  meer  Neceffity  for  Money  to  carry  on  the 
 ifii!    '  War  gave  up  the  Pdpifts,  in  hopes  that  he  might  afterwards 
 ivm-^-^j  recover  what  in  the  prefent  Extremity  he  was  forced  to  part 
 It  receives    with.  This  effectually  broke  the  CABAL,  and  put  the  Roman 
 Airert°yEl     Catholicks  upon  purfuing  other  Meafures  to  introduce  their 
 Religion,   which  was  the  making  way  for  a  Popifh  SuccefTor 
 of  more  refolute  Principles  ;  and  from  hence  we  may  date  the 
 beginning  of  the    Popilh  Plot,  which  did  not  break  out  'till 
 1678,  as  appeared  by  Mr.  Coleman's  Letters.     The  Bill  re- 
 ceived the  Royal  Affent  March  2.5,  together  with  a  Money 
 Bill  of  one  Million  two  hundred  thoufmd  Pounds  ;    and  then 
 the  Parliamcut  was  prorogued  to  October  20,  after  a  Ihort 
 Seffion  of  (even  Weeks. 
 The  Aa  The  Teft  Act  is  entituled,  "  An  Act  to  prevent  Dangers 
 
 jtfelf.  «.  wnjch   happen    from   Popifh   Recufants."      It  requires, 
 
 25  Car.  II."  That  all  Perfons  bearing  any  Office  of  Truft  or  Profit 
 Chap.  2.  "  fhJi  take  the  Oaths  of  Supremacy  and  Allegiance  in 
 u  publick  nnd  open  Court,  and  mail  alfo  receive  the  Sacra- 
 "  ment  of  the  Lord's  Supper,  according  to  the  Ufage  of 
 '.'  the  Church  of  England,  in  fome  Parim  Church,  on  fome 
 "  Lord's  i ->ay  immediately  after  divine  Service  and  Sermon, 
 "  and  deliver  a  Certificate  of  having  fo  receh'ed  the  Sacra- 
 "  ment  under  the  Hands  of  the  refpective  Mimffers  and 
 *'  Church-Wardens,  proved  by  two  credible  WitnefTes  upon 
 il  Oath,  and  upon  Record  in  Court.  And  that  all  Perfons 
 "  taking  the  faid  Oaths  of  Supremacy  and  Allegiance  fhall 
 "•  likewife  make  and  fubferibe  the  following  Declaration, 
 "  I  A.  B.  do  declare,  that  I  believe  there  is  no  Tran- 
 "  fubftantiation  in  the  Sacrament  of  the  Lord's  Supper,  or 
 "  in  the  Elements  of  Bread  and  Wine,  at,  or  after  the 
 v  Confecration  thereof,  by  any  Perfon  whatfoever.  Tije 
 44  Penalty  of  breaking  thro'  this  Act,  befides  a  difability  of 
 "  profecuting  any  Suit,  oracling  in  the  capacity  of  other 
 "  Subjects  in  feveral  Refpeets,  is  five  hundred  Pounds." 
 Remarks.  ^r-  Eachard  obferves  well,   that  this  Act  was  principally, 
 
 if  not  folely  levelled  at  the  Roman  Catholicks,  as  appears 
 from  the  Title  :  and  it  is  further  evident  from  the  difpeiition 
 of  the  Houfe  of  Commons  at  this  time  to  eafe  the  Proteffant 
 Diffenters  of  fome  of  their  Burdens.  If  the  Diffenters  had 
 fallen  in  with  the  Court  they  might  have  prevented  the  Bill's 
 paffing.  But  let  the  defign  of  it  be  what  it  will,  it  is  in  my 
 Opinion  very  unjuftifiable,  i(  becaufe  it  founds  Dominion 
 "  in  Grace."  A  Man  can't  be  an  Excife-Man,  a  Cuftom- 
 Houfe  Officer,  a  Lieutenant  in  the  Army  or  Navy,  no,  nor 
 fo  much  as  a  Tide  Waiter,  without  partaking  of  the  mult 
 
 folemq 
 
Chap.  IX.  of  the  Puritan  s^  377 
 
 folemn  mark  of  Chriftianity,  according  to  theUfage  of  the      King 
 Church  of  England.     Is   not  this   a   ftrong  Temptation  to  ch"^ea _IL 
 Atheifm  and   Hypocrify  ?    Does   it  not   pervert  one  of  the  ,l_j_  — ,_/ 
 moft  folemn  inftitutions  of  Chriftianity  to  purpofes  for  which 
 it  was  never  intended  ?    And  is  it  not  eafy  to  find  fecurities 
 of  a  civil  Nature  fufficient  for  the  prefervation  both  of  Church 
 and  State  ?    When  the  Acf  took  place  the  Duke  of  York, 
 Lord  high  Admiral  of  England  ;   Lord  Clifford,  Lord  high 
 Treafurer;anda  great  many  other  Popifh  Officers  quitted  their 
 Preferments ;   but  not  one  Protectant  Diffenter,  for  there  was 
 not  one  fuch  in  the  Adminiftration  ;  however,  as  the  Church 
 Party  (hewed  a  noble  Zeal  for  their  Religion,  Bifhop  Burnet 
 obferves,  that  the   DifTenters   got  great  Reputation  by  their 
 filent  Deportment ;   but  the  King  and  Court  Bifhops  refolved  P«  3S2* 
 to  flick  in  their  Skirts. 
 
 This  being  the  laft  Penal  Law  made  againft  the  Non-  ^  ™h™pe7. 
 Conformiffs  in  this  Reign,  it  may  not  be  improper  to  putnaiL.ws. 
 them  all  together,  that  the  Reader  may  have  a  full  View  of 
 thefr  diftrefled  Circumftances  ;  for  befides  the  Penal  Laws 
 of  Queen  Elizabeth,  which  were  confirmed  by  this  Parlia- 
 ment ;  one  of  which  was  no  lefs  than  Banifhment  ;  and 
 another  a  Muldf.  on  every  one  for  not  coming  to  Church  ; 
 (1.)  The  Acl:  of  Uniformity  in  the  Year  1662,  filenced 
 all  the  Non-Conformift  Minifters  throughout  England,  and 
 deprived  them  of  their  Maintenance. (2.)  The  Cor- 
 poration Aft  in  1 661,  incapacitated  their  People    from  fer- 
 
 ving  their  Country  in  the  loweft  Offices  of  Truft. (3.) 
 
 The  Conventicle  A£fs  in  1663  and  1670,  forbids  all  Per- 
 fons  going  to  any  feparate  Meetings  for  Religious  Worfhip 
 where  more  than  five  befides  the  Family  were  prefent,  under 
 very  fevere  Fines,  to  be  levied  by  the  feizure  of  their  Goods, 
 or  fo  many  Months  Imprifonment,  to  be  determined  not  by 
 a  Jury,  but  the  Warrant  of  a  Juftice  of  Peace.  — (4.) 
 
 The  Oxford  Act,  1 665,  banifhed  all  Non-Conformift  Mi- 
 nifters five  Miles  from  every  Corporation  that  fent  Members 
 
 to  Parliament.  And,  (5.)   The  Teft  Act  this  Year 
 
 made  them  incapable  of  all  Places  of  Profit  or  Truft  in  the 
 Government.  What  could  have  been  done  more  to  diftrefs 
 them,  unlefs  they  had  been  fent  to  the  Gallies  or  the 
 Stake  ? 
 
 By  the  rigorous  Execution  of  thefe  Laws  the  Non- Con-  Confequen- 
 formift   Minifters  were   feparated  from  their  Congregations,  "s  of  then1* 
 from  their  Maintenance,  from  their  Houfes   and   Families,  piea' 
 and  their  People  reduced  to  Mifery  and  Want,  and  obliged  Parti. p.  41. 
 to  worfhip  God  in  a  manner  contrary  to  the  Dilates  pf 
 
 their 
 
373  The  HISTORY         Vol.  IV. 
 
 ChXn.  th/ir  Conrc'iences>    on  penalty  of   the    Forfeiture   of  their 
 1673.    '  Goods   and  Chattels,  or  of  being  fhut  up  in  a  Prifon  among 
 <*—- y-*. j  Thieves  and  Robbers.      Great  Numbers  retired  to  the  Plan- 
 tations ;  but  Dr.   Owen,  who  was  Shipping  off  his  Effects 
 for  New  England,  was  forbidden   to  leave  the  Kingdom  by 
 exprefs  Orders   from  King  Charles  himfe'.f.      If  there  had 
 been  Treafon  or  Rebellion  in  the  Cafe  it  had  been  juliifiable  ; 
 but  when  it  was  purely  for  Religion  or  Non- Conformity  to 
 fome  Rites  and  Ceremonies   and  a  Form  of  Church  Govern- 
 ment, it  can  deferve  no  better  Name  than  that  of  Cruel  Per- 
 fection. 
 Duke  of  The  Houfeof  Commons  from  their  Apprehenfions  of  the 
 
 Marriage. '  growtn  of  Popery,  and  of  a  Popifh  SucceiTor  to  the  Crown, 
 petitioned  the  King  again  ft  the  Duke's  fecond  Marriage  with 
 the  Princefs  of  Modena,  an  Italian  Papili  ;  but  his  Majefty 
 told  them  tftey  were  too  late.  Upon  which  the  Commons 
 ftopt  their  Money  Bill,  voted  the  (landing  Army  a  Grievance, 
 and  were  proceeding  to  other  Refolves,  when  the  King  fent 
 for  them  to  the  Houfe  of  Peers,  and  with  a  fhort  Speech 
 prorogued  them  to  January  7,  after  they  had  fat  but  nine 
 Days.  In  the  mc-an  time  the  Duke's  Marriage  was  confum- 
 mated,  with  the  Confent  of  the  French  King,  which  railed 
 the  Expectations  of  the  Roman  Catholicks  higher  than  ever. 
 Portlier  This  induced  the   more  zealous  Proteftants  to  think  of  a 
 
 Attempts  firmer  Union  with  the  Diflenters  ;  accordingly  Mr.  Baxter, 
 for  a  Com-  at  the  Requeft  of  the  Earl  of  Orrery,  drew  up  fome  Pro-* 
 prehenfion.  pofals  for  a  Comprehenfion,  agreeable  to  thofe  already  men- 
 Part  III.  tioned.  "  Me  prop :>(ed  that  the  Meeting-Houfes  of  Diffen- 
 p.  no.         •'  ters  fhoold  be  allowed   as  Chapels  'till  there  were  Vacan- 
 
 n  cies  for  them  in  the  Churches  ■ —  And   that  thofe 
 
 "  who  had   no    Meeting  Houfes   fhould  be  School  Mafters 
 
 "  or  Lecturers  'till  fdeh  time Thar  none  mould  be  Or 
 
 "  bliged  to  read  the  Apocrypha  — — — -  That  Parents  might 
 "  have  liberty  to  dedicate  their  own  Children  in  BaptHni  — 
 "  That   Minifters  might  preach  where  fome  body  elfe  who 
 
 *'  had  the  room  might  read  the  Common  Prayer That 
 
 u  Minifters    be   not  obliged  to  give  the  Sacrament  to  fuch  as 
 
 *(  are  guilty  of  fcandalous  Immoralities  Nor  to  re- 
 
 "  fufe  it  to  thofe  that  fcruple  Kneeling  >  That  Perfons 
 
 "  excommunicate  may  not  be  imprifoned  and  ruined     ■■ 
 
 "  And  that  Toleration  be  given  to  all  confeientious  DifTen- 
 
 "  ters "     Thefe  Propofals  being  communicated  to  the 
 
 ■Baxter  Earl  of  Orrery  were  put  in(:o  the  Hands  of  Bifhop  Mor- 
 Pan  iir.  ley,  who  returned  them  without  yielding  to  any  thing  of 
 p.  140.       Importance.      The   Motion  was  alio  received  in  the  Houfe 
 
 of 
 
Chap.  IX.      of  the  Puritans. 
 
 of  Commons  ;  but  the  mortnefs  of  the  Seflions  put  a  ftop 
 to  its  Progrefs.  Beiides,  the  Court  Bifliops  feemed  altoge- 
 ther unconcerned  in  the  Affair. 
 
 This   Year  put  an   end  to  the  Lives  of  two  confiderable  Death  of 
 Non-Conformift   Divines  ;    Mr.    William    Whitaker,     the  ^JJ 
 ejected  Minifter  of  St.  Mary  Magdalen  Bermondfey  ;  Son  of  * 
 
 Mr.  Jer.  Whitaker  :  A  Divine  of  great  Learning  in  the  Ori- 
 ental Languages.  He  was  an  eloquent  Preacher,  and  a  good 
 Man  from  his  Youth.  "While  he  was  at  Emanuel  College 
 he  was  univerfally  beloved  ;  and  when  he  came  to  London 
 he  was  generally  efleemed  for  his  fweet  Difpofition.  He  was 
 firft  Preacher  at  Hornchurch,  and  then  at  the  Place  from 
 whence  he  was  ejected.  He  afterwards  preached  to  a  fepa- 
 rate  Congregation  as  the  times  would  permit,  and  died  in 
 the  Year  1673. 
 
 Mr.  James  Janeway,  M.  A.  was  born  in  Hertfordfhire,  And  of  Mr, 
 and  Student  of  Chrifr  College,  Oxford.  He  was  afterwards  Janeway« 
 Tutor  in  the  Houfe  of  Mr.  Stringer  at  Windfor  ;  but  not 
 being  fatisfied  with  Conformity  he  fet  up  a  feparate  Meet- 
 ing in  Rotberhithe,  where  he  preached  to  a  numerous  Con- 
 gregation with  great  Succefs.  He  was  a  zealous  Preacher, 
 and  fervent  in  Prayer,  but  being  weakly,  his  indefatigable 
 Labours  broke  his  Conftitution,  fo  that  he  died  of  a  Con- 
 fumption  March  16,  1673-4,  in  the  38th  Year  of  his  Age.       ,^7., 
 
 The   Revocation  of  the   Indulgence,  and  the  Difpleafure  Severity    of 
 pf  ti  e    Court   againfl:  the  DifTenters,  for  deferring  them  in       S?urf 
 their  Defigns  to  prevent  the  pafling  the  Teft  Act,  let  loofe  the  Diffeaters" 
 whole  Tribe   of  Informers.      The  Papifrs  being    excluded  revived, 
 from  Places  of  Truft,   the  Court   had  no  regard  for  Protef-  ^et 
 tant   Non-Conformifts  ;  the  Judges  therefore  had  Orders  to  Vol.  iii. 
 quicken  the   Execution  of  the  Laws  againfl  them.     The  Ef-  !'•  4*- 
 tates   of  thofe  of  the  beft  Quality  in  each  County  were  or-  p^t^Iir 
 dered  to  be  feized.      The  Mouths  of  the  High  Church  Pul-  p.  ,S£.  * 
 piteers  were  encouraged  to  open  as  loud  as  portable  :  One  in 
 his  Sermon  before  the  Houfe  of  Commons  told  them,   that 
 the  Non-Conformifts  ought  nottobe  tolerated,  but  to  be  cured 
 by  Vengeance.     He  urged  them  to  fet  Fire  to  the  Faggot, 
 and  to  teach  them  by  Scourges  and  Scorpions,  or  open  their 
 Eyes  with  Gall.    The  King  himfelf  iflued  out  a  Proclamation 
 for  putting  the  Fenal  Laws  in  full  Execution  ;  which  had  its 
 Effect. 
 
 Mr.  Baxter  was  one  of  the  firft  upon  whom  the  Storm  fell,  Ib- , 
 being  apprehended  as  he  was  preaching  his  Thurfday  Lecture  part  ill. 
 at  Mr.  Turner's.  He  went  with  the  Conftable  and  Ketinp-  the  p-  iSS* 
 Informer  to    Sir  William   Pulteney's,  who  demanding    the 
 Warrant,  found  it  figned  by  Henry  Montague,  Efq;  Bailiff 
 
 of 
 
The  HISTORY        Vol.  IV. 
 
 of  Weftminifter.  Sir  William  told  the  Confrable,  that  none 
 but  a  City  Juftice  could  give  a  Warrant  to  apprehend  a  Man 
 for  preaching  in  the  City,  whereupon  he  was  difm'uTed.  En- 
 deavours were  ufed  to  furprize  Dr.  Manton,  and  fend  him  to 
 Prifon  upon  the  Oxford  Aft,  but  Mr.  Bedford  preaching  in 
 his  room  was  accidentally  apprehended  ;  and  tho'  he  had 
 taken  the  Oxford  Oath  was  fined  twenty  Pounds,  and  the 
 Place  forty  Pounds,  which  was  paid  by  the  Hearers. 
 Q  ,  The  like  Ravages  were  made  in  moil  Parts  of  England  ; 
 
 Plundered,  Mr.  Jofeph  SwafEeld  of  Salifbury  was  taken  preaching  in  his 
 tmprifoned  own  Houfe,  and  bound  over  to  the  Affizes,  and  committed 
 and  Ruined.  to  tne  County  Goal,  where  he  continued  almoft  a  Year. 
 Conf.  Plea.  Twenty  hVe  Pcrfons  Men  and  Women  were  indicted  for  a 
 Part  iv.  Riot,  that  is,  for  a  Conventicle,  and  fuffered  the  Penaltv  of 
 P-  75-  the  Law.      The  Informers  were  Roman  Catholicks,    one  of 
 
 whom  was  executed  for  Treafon  in  the  Popiih  Plot.  At  Eaft 
 Salcombin  Devonfhire  lived  one  Joan  Boflon,  a  Widow, 
 aged  aud  blind,  who  for  a  fuppofed  Conventicle  kept  at  her 
 Houfe  was  fined  twenty  Pounds,  and  for  Non-payment 
 of  it  threatened  with  a  Goal.  After  fome  Weeks  the  Officers 
 broke  open  her  Doors,  and  carried  away  her  Goods  to  above 
 the  Value  of  the  Fine.  (  They  fold  as  many  Goods  as  were 
 worth  thirteen  Pounds  for  fifty  Shillings  ;  fix  Hogmeads 
 valued  at  forty  Shillings  for  nine  Shillings  ;  and  Pew  er,  Fea- 
 ther Beds,  &c   for  twenty  Shillings..^  befides  the  Rent  which 
 
 they  demanded  of  her  Tenants  Mr.  John  Tr.omp- 
 
 fon,  Minifter  in  BriftoL  was  apprehended  on  the  Corpora- 
 tion Aft,  and  refufing  to  take  the  Oxford  Oath  was  commit- 
 ted to  Prifon,  where  he  was  feized  with  a  Fever  through  the 
 Noifomnefs  of  the  Place  :  a  Phyfician  being  fent  for,  advifed 
 his  removal  ;  and  a  Bond  of  five  hundred  Pounds  was  of- 
 fered the  Sheriff  for  his  Security  :  Application  was  alfo  made 
 to  the  Bifhop,  but  without  Succefs  ;  fo  he  died  in  Prifon 
 March  4,  declaring,  "  That  if  he  had  known  when  he  came 
 "  to  Prifon  that  he  mould  die  there,  he  would  have  done 
 "  noothcrwife  than  he  did."  Numberlefs  Examples  of  the 
 like  kind  might  be  produced  during  the  Recefs  of  the  Parlia- 
 Peace  ment.     But  the  King's  want  of  Money,  and  the  Difcontents 
 
 with  the       of  his  People,   obliged  him  to  put  an  end  to  the  War  with 
 £>ULch'         the    Dutch,  upon  no  other  advantage  than  a  Sum  of  two  or 
 
 three  hundred  thoufand  Pounds  for  his  Expences. 
 
 Parliament        His  Majefly  was  unwilling  to  meet  his  Parliament,   who 
 
 profecutetlie  were  now  full  of  Zeal   againft  Popery,    and  began  to  confi- 
 
 «hePCabaind    der  the   Non-Conformifts   as  Auxiliaries  to  the   Proteffant 
 
 Caufe  ;   but  Necefiity  obliged    him  to  call  them  together  ; 
 
 and 
 
Chap.  IX.  of  the  P  u  r  i  t  A  n  s.  381 
 
 and  as  foon  as  they  met  Jan.  7,  they  addrefs'd  his  Majefty  to      King 
 banifh  all  Papifts   who  were  not  Houfe-keepers  nor  menial      ^ja. 
 Servants  to  Peers,  ten  miles  from  London  ;  and  to  appoint  ^         _  j 
 a  Faft  for  the  calamities  of  the  Nation.     They  attacked  the 
 remaining    Members  of    the  Cabal,  and  voted  them  to  be 
 removed  from  his  Majefty's  Council  ;  upon  which  the  King 
 prorogued  them  for  above  a  year,  after  they  had  fat  but  fix 
 Weeks,  without  giving   any  Money,    or   having  one  fingle 
 Acl  palled  ;  which  was  an  Indication  of  ill  Blood  between 
 the  King  and  Parliament,  and  a  certain  Forerunner  of  Ven- 
 geance upon    the    Diffenters.     But  to  ftifle  the  clamours  of  Gazette, 
 the  People  his    Majefty  republished  his  Proclamation,  for-         883' 
 biding  their  meddling  in  State  Affairs,   or   talking  feditioufly 
 in  Coffee-houfes ;  and   then  commanded  an    Order  to   be 
 made  publick,  "  That   effectual  care  be  taken  for  the  fup-  it>.  No. 
 "  prefting  of  Conventicles  ;  and  whereas  divers  pretend  old  967->  S^S* 
 "  Licenfes  from  his  Majefty,  and  would  fupport  themfelves 
 *'  by   that  pretence,  his  Majefty  declares,  that  all  his  Li- 
 "  cenfes  were  long  fince  recalled,  and   that  no  Conventicle 
 "  has  any  Authority,    Allowance,  or  Encouragement  from 
 "  him." 
 
 This  year  put  an  end  to  the  Life  of  the  Famous  Mr.  Death  of 
 John  Milton,  born  in  London,  and  educated  in  Chrift  Col-  Mr-  Joha 
 lege,  Cambridge,  where  he  diiplayed  an  uncommon  Geni-  Mllton- 
 us,  which  was  very  much  improved  by  his  Travels.  He 
 was  Latin  Secretary  to  the  Long  Parliament,  and  writ  in 
 defence  of  the  murder  of  King  Charles  I.  againft  Salmafius 
 and  others,  with  great  iharpnefs,  but  in  a  pure  and  elegant 
 Latin  Stile.  He  was  afterwards  Secretary  to  the  Protector 
 Cromwel,  and  loft  both  his  Eyes  by  hard  Study.  At  the 
 Reftoration  fome  of  his  Books  were  burnt,  and  himfelf  in 
 clanger,  but  he  was  happily  included  in  the  Acl  of  Indem- 
 nity, and  lived  afterwards  a  retired  Life.  He  was  a  Man  of 
 a  prodigious  Genius,  and  did  himfelf  and  the  Englifh  Nation 
 immortal  honour  by  his  incomparable  Poem  of  '«  Paradiie 
 *'  Loft;"  in  which  he  manifested  fuch  a  wonderful  fuelime- 
 nefs  of  Thought,  as,  perhaps,  was  never  exceeded  in  any 
 Age  or  Nation  in  the  World.  His  Daughters  read  to  him 
 after  he  was  blind  the  Greek  Poets,  tho'  they  underflcod 
 not  the  Language.  He  died  in  mean  Circumflances  at 
 Bunhill  near    London,  in    the  Sixty    feventh    year   of  his 
 
 Aee-  .  .  i67<. 
 
 Tho'  the  Proteftant  Religion  flood  in  need  of  the  united  Abp.  shei- 
 ftrength  of  all  its  Profeflbrs  againft  the  Growth  of  Popery,  don'scircu- 
 and  the  Parliament  had  moved  for  a  Toleration  of  Proteftant Jar  .L"ter 
 
 againft  the 
 DHen-  Diffenters. 
 
3^2  The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y         Vol.  IV. 
 
 King  DilTenters,  vet  the  Bifhops  continued  to  profecute  them  in 
 Charles  II.  common  w[th  the  Papifrs.  Archbifhop  Sheldon  direded 
 ^_—  -*_/  circular  Letters  to  the  Bifhops  of  his  Province,  enjoining 
 them  to  give  directions  to  their  Archdeacons  and  Commiffa- 
 ries,  to  get  particular  information  from  the  Church-wardens 
 of  their  feveral  Parifhes  on  the  following  Enquiries,  and 
 tranfmit  them  to  him  after  the  next  Vifitation,  i.  What 
 number  of  Perfons  are  there,  bv  common  eflimation,  inha- 
 biting within  each  Parifh  fubject  to  your  jurisdiction  ? 
 2.  What  number  of  Popifh  Recufants,  or  perfons  fufpect- 
 ed  of  Recufancy,  are  refident  among  the  inhabitants  afore- 
 faid  ?  3.  What  number  of  other  Dilfenters  are  there  in  each 
 Parifh  of  what  Sect  foever,  which  either  obftinately  refufe, 
 or  wholly  abfent  themfelves  from  the  communion  of  the 
 Church  of  England,  at  fuch  times  as  by  Law  they  are  re- 
 Attempts      quired  ? Some  of  the  Clergy  were  concerned   at   thefe 
 
 for  an  Ac-  proceedings,  therefore  Dr.  Tillotfon  and  Stillingfleet  met 
 eorrmocUi-  privately  with  Dr.  Manton,  Bates,  Pool  and  Baxter,  to 
 ted  by  the"  confider  of  terms  of  Accommodation,  but  when  they  had 
 Bps.  agreed,  and  communicated  them  to  the  Bifhops,   they  were 
 
 Baxter,         difallowed  ;  fo   that  when    Tillotfon   faw  how  things  were 
 
 Part  II]  ...  . 
 
 p  ,S7  '^g,  going,  he  cautioufly  withdrew  from    the  odium,  and  writ 
 
 the    following   Letter   to  Mr.    Baxter,   April    11,     1675. 
 
 **  That  he  was  unwilling  his  name  fhould  be  made  public  in 
 
 u  the  affair,  fince  it  was  come  to  nothing  ;  not  but  that  I 
 
 "  do  heartily   defire   an  accommodation  (fays  he)  and  mal! 
 
 "  always  endeavour    it  ;  but  I  am  fure   it  will  be  a  preju- 
 
 *'  dice   to   me,  and   fignify   nothing  to   the  effecting  the 
 
 "  thing,  which    as  circumftances  arc,  cannot  pafs  in  either 
 
 "  Houfe,  without   the  concurrence  of  a   confiderable  part 
 
 *'  of  the    Bifhops,  and  the   Countenance   of  his  Majefty, 
 
 "  which  at  prefent  I  fee  little  reafon  to  expect." 
 
 Peopkbegin      But  the  Bifhops  conduct  made  them  unpopular,  and  they 
 
 to  compafli-  met  wjm  many  Rubs  in  their  way  ;  Peoples  compaffion  be- 
 
 Surferinsr  of  §an  to  move  towards   their  difTenting   Neighbours,  whom 
 
 iheNon-      they  frequently  faw  carried  in  great  numbers  to  prifon,  and 
 
 cimL  fpoiled  of  their  Goods,   for  no   other  crime  but  a  fcrupulou9 
 
 Confcience.     The   very  name  of  an  Informer  was  odious, 
 
 and  their  behaviour  infamous.     The   Aldermen  of  London 
 
 often  went  out  of  the  way  when  they  heard  of  their  coming-} 
 
 and  fome  denied  them  their  Warrants,  tho'  by  the  Act  they 
 
 forfeited  one  hundred  Pounds.     Alderman  Forth  bound  over 
 
 an   Informer  to  his  good   behaviour,  for  breaking  into  his- 
 
 Comp.  Hift.  Chamber  without  leave.     When  twelve  or  thirteen  Bifhops 
 
 p.  338.        came  into  the  City  to  dine  with  Sir  Nathaniel  Heme,  Sheriff 
 
 of 
 
Chap.  IX.       of  the  P  u  r  i  t  a  n  s.  383 
 
 of  London,   and  exhorted  him  to  put  the  Laws  in  Executi-  ch  ^"SH 
 on  againfl  the  Non-cottferniifts,  he  told  them  plainly,  they     l€?j)> 
 could  not  trade    with   their  Neighbours  one  day,  and  put  i^^^—j 
 them  in  prifon  the  next. 
 
 The  moderate  Churchmen  mewing  a  difpofition  to  unite  Proceedings 
 with  the  Non-conformifb  againfl  Popery,    the   Court  refol-  toeftablHh 
 ved    to  take  in  the  old   ranting  Cavaliers    to  ftrengthen  the  arbitrary 
 oppofition  ;  for  this  purpofe  Morley   and  fome  other  Bifhops  Power, 
 were  fent  for  to  Court,and  told, it  was  a  great  misfortune  that 
 the  Church  Party  and  Diffentei  s   were  fo  difpofed  to  unite, 
 and  run  into  one  jtheCourt  was  therefore  willing  to  make  the 
 ■Church  eafy,  and  fecure  to  the  King  the  Allegiance  of  all  his 
 Subjects  at  the  fome  time;  for  this  purpofe  a  bill  was  brought 
 into  the  Houfe  of  Lords,  entituled,  "  An  Act:  to  prevent  the  ^  B^J  »»f 
 *'  dangers  which  may  arife  from  Perfons  difaffe&ed  to  the  Lords  for 
 M  Government ;"  by  which  all  fuch  as  enjoyed  any  benefi-  that  Pur- 
 cial  Office  or  Employment,  Ecclefiaftical,  Civil,   or  Milita-  ?°'e- 
 iy  ;   all  that  voted    in   Elections   of  Parliament  Men  ;  all 
 Privy  Counfellors   and  Members  of  Parliament  themfelves, 
 were  under  a  penalty   to  take  the  following  Oath  :  "  I  A. 
 •'  B.   do    declare,   that  it   is  not  lawful  upon  any  pretence 
 "  whatfoever,  to  take  up  Arms  againfl  the  King;  and  that 
 "  I  do  abhor  that  traiterous  pofition  of  taking  Arms  by  his 
 *'  Authority  againfl   his   Perlbn,  or  againfl    thole  that  are 
 "  commiflioned   by  him  in   purfuance  of  fuch  CommiiTion. 
 "  And  I  do  fwear,  that  I  will  not  at  any  time  endeavour  the 
 *'  alteration   of  the  Government  either  in  Church  or  State. 
 "  So  help  me  God."     The  defign  of  the    Bill  was  to  en- 
 able the   Miniflry  to  go  on  with  their  deflruclive  Schemes 
 againfl  the  Conftitution   and  the  Proteflant  Religion,  with- 
 out fear  of  oppofition  even  from  the  Parliament  itfelf.     The 
 chief  Speakers  for  the  Bill  were  the  Lord  Treafurer  and  the  Baxter's 
 Lord  Keeper,  Lord  Danby  and  Finch,   with  Bifhop  Mor  -  p^'  IU 
 ley  and  Ward  ;  but  the  Earl  of  Shaftsbury,  Duke  of  Buck-  p.  167. 
 ingham,  Lord   Hollis  and   Hallifax,    laid  open  the  mifchie- Bur"et»  F» 
 vous   Defigns    and    Confequences  of   it :   It  was  thought  a  3  +' 
 difinheriting  Men  of  their  Birthright    to  fhut  them  cut  from 
 their  Votes  in  electing  by  an  enfnaring  Oath,   as  well  as  de- 
 finitive to  the  privilege  of  Parliament,  which  was  to  vote 
 freely  in  all  cafes  without  any  previous  obligation  ;    that  the 
 peace  of  the  Nation  would  be  befl  fecured  by  making  good 
 Laws  ;  and  that  Oaths  and  Tells  without  this  would  be  no 
 real  Security  ;  fcrupulous  Men   might  be  fetter'd  by  them, 
 but  that  the  bulk  of  mankind  would  boldly  take  any  Teft, 
 
 and 
 
3»4 
 
 King 
 
 Charles  II. 
 
 1675. 
 
 Itisdi 
 
 opt. 
 
 Gazette, 
 No.  1059. 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 Burnet,  p. 
 355»- 
 
 Infolence  of 
 the  Papifbs 
 produces  an> 
 other  At- 
 tempt for 
 a  Tolerati- 
 on. 
 
 The    HISTORY        Vol.  IV. 
 
 nnd  as  eafily  break  through  it,  as  had  appeared  in  the  late 
 times.  The  Bill  was  committed,  and  debated  paragraph  by- 
 paragraph,  but  the  heats  occafioned  by  it  were  fo  violent, 
 that  the  King  came  unexpectedly  to  the  Houfe  June  9,  and 
 prorogued  the  Parliament ;  fo  the  Bill  was  dropt  ;  but  the 
 debates  of  the  Lords  upon  the  intended  Oath  being  made 
 publick  were  ordered  to  be  burnt.  Two  Proclamations  were 
 re-publifhed  on  this  occafion ;  one  to  prevent  feditious  dif- 
 courfes  in  Coffee- houfes,  the  other  to  put  a  flop  to  the  pub- 
 liming  feditious  Libels. 
 
 The  Court  had  reafon  to  hope  for  the  paffing  this  Bill, 
 becaufe  the  Oath  had  been  already  impofed  upon  the  Non- 
 conformifts ;  and  the  Court  Clergy  had  been  preaching  in 
 their  feveral  Churches,  for  feveral  years,  that  PafTive-obe- 
 dience  and  Non-refiftance  was  the  received  Doctrine  of  the 
 Church  of  England  ;  the  Bifhops  had  poffeffed  the  King 
 and  his  Brother  with  the  belief  of  it,  and  if  it  had  now  pal- 
 fed  into  a  Law,  the  whole  Nation  had  been  fetter'd,  and 
 the  Court  might  have  done  what  they  pleafed.  But  the 
 Parliament  faw  through  the  defign  ;  and.  Dr.  Burnet  fays, 
 he  opened  the  Referve  to  the  Duke  of  York,  by  telling 
 him,  "  that  there  was  no  trufting  to  difputable  opinions  ; 
 "  that  there  were  Diftinctions  and  Referves  in  thofe  who 
 "  had  maintained  thefe  Points ;  and  that  when  Men  faw 
 te  a  vifible  danger  of  being  firft  undone  and  then  burnt, 
 ."  they  would  be  inclined  to  the  fhorteft  way  of  arguing, 
 "  and  fave  themfelves  the  beft  way  they  could  ;  intereft 
 "  and  felf-prefervation  being  powerful  motives."  This 
 might  be  wholefome  advice  to  the  Duke,  but  implies 
 fuch  a  fecret  Referve  as  may  cover  the  moft  wicked  defigns, 
 and  is  not  fit  for  the  Lips  of  a  Proteftant  Divine,  nor  even 
 of  an  honeft  Man. 
 
 The  daring  infolence  of  the  Papifts,  who  had  their  re- 
 gular Clergy  in  every  corner  of  the  Town,  was  fo-  great, 
 that  they  not  only  challenged  the  Proteftant  Divines  to  Dif- 
 putations,  but  threaten'd  to  alfailinate  fuch  as  preached 
 openly  againft  their  Tenets  ;  which  confirmed  the  Lords 
 and  Commons  in  their  opinion  of  the  abfolute  neceflity  or 
 entering  into  more  moderate  and  healing  meafures  with 
 Proteftant  Difienters,  notwithstanding  the  dead  weight  of 
 the  Bifhops  againft  it.  Upon  this  occafion  the  Duke  of 
 Buckingham,  now  turned  Patriot,  made  the  following 
 Speech  in  the  Houfe  of  Lords,which  is  inferted  in  the  Com- 
 mon?. 
 
Chap.  IX.  of  the  Puritan  s.  385 
 
 mons  Journal.     *'  My  Lords,  there  is  a  thing  called  Liber-      Kinbr 
 •'  ty,  which  (whatfoever  fome  Men   may  think)  is  that  the       J^*, 
 •*■'  People  of  England  are   fondeft  of,  it  is  that  they  will  ne-  <^_— v~-»J 
 ".  ver  part  with,    and  is,  that  his  Majefty  in  his  Speech  has  Dukeof 
 "  promiied  to  take  particular  care  of.     This,  my  Lords,  in  ^uckmg- 
 •*  my  opinion,   can  never  be  done  without  giving  an  Indul-  Speech  for 
 "  gence  to  all  Proteftant  Diflenters.     It  is  certainly  a  Very  a  Tokraii- 
 "  uneafy  kind  of  Life  to  any  Man,  that  has  either  chrifti-  on' 
 Lc  an   Charity,  Humanity  or   good  Nature,  to  lee  his  Fel- 
 "  lovv-fubjecis  daily  abided,  diverted  of  their  Liberty  and 
 "  Birthrights,  and  miferably  thrown  out  of  their  poffeilions 
 ce  and  Freeholds,    only  becaufe  they    cannot    agree   with 
 '?  others  in  fome  opinions  and  niceties  of  Religion   which 
 "  their  confciences  will  not  give  them  leave   to  confent  to, 
 "  and  which  even  by  the   confeflion   of  thofe  who  would 
 "  impofe  them  are  no  ways  neceffary  to  Salvation. 
 
 "  But,  my  Lords,  befides  this,  and  all  that  may  be  faid 
 "  upon  it,  in  order  to  the  improvement  of  our  Trade  and 
 "  increafe  of  the  wealth,  ftrength  and  greatnefs  of  this 
 "  Nation  (which  with  your  leave  I  mail  prefume  todif- 
 "  courfe  of  fome  other  time)  there  is,  methinks  in  this  no- 
 "  tion  of  perfecution,  a  very  grofs  miftake,  both  as  to  the 
 "  point  of  Government  and  the  point  of  Religion  \  there  is 
 "  fo  as  to  the  point  of  Government,  becaufe  it  makes  eve- 
 "  ry  Man's  fafety  depend  upon  the  wrong  place,  not  upon 
 "  the  Governors  or  Man's  living  well  towards  the  civil  Go- 
 "  vernment  eftablifhed  by  Law,  but  upon  his  being  tran- 
 "  fported  with  zeal  for  every  opinion  that  is  held  by  thofe 
 *'  that  have  power  in  the  Church  that  is  in  fafhion  ;  and  I 
 "  conceive  it  is  a  miftake  in  Religion,  becaufe  it  is  pofitive- 
 "  ly  againft  the  exprefs  Doctrine  and  example  of  Jefus 
 "  Chrift.  Nay,  my  Lords,  as  to  our  Proteftant  Religion 
 "  there  is  fomething  in  it  yet  worfe,  for  we  Proteftanrfs 
 "  maintain,  that  none  of  thofe  opinions  which  Chriftians 
 "  differ  about  are  infallible,  and  therefore  in  us  it  is  fome- 
 "  what  an  inexcufable  conception,  that  Men  ought  to  be 
 "  deprived  of  their  inheritance,  and  all  the  certain  conve- 
 "  niencies  and  advantages  of  Life,  becaufe  they  will  not 
 '*  agree  with  us  in  our  uncertain  opinions  of  Religion. 
 
 <l  My  humble  Motion  therefore  to  your  Lordfhips  is, 
 "  that  you  would  give  leave  to  bring  in  a  Bill  of  Indul- 
 *'  gence  to  all  Proteftant  Diffenters.  I  know  very  well,  that 
 "  every  Peer  in  this  Realm  has  a  right  to  bring  into  Parlia- 
 "  ment  any  Bill   he  conceives  to  be  ufeful  to  his  Nation  ; 
 
 Vol.  IV.  B  b  "but 
 
386 
 
 King 
 Charles  II. 
 
 Cry  of  the 
 Danger  of 
 the  Church 
 Detect. 
 P.  5°°- 
 
 Of  Sir  Ro- 
 ger L' 
 
 Eftrange. 
 
 The    HISTORY         Vol  IV. 
 
 "  but  I  thought  it  more  refpe£tful  to  your  Lordfhips  to  afk 
 "  your  leave  before  ;  and  I  cannot  think  the  doing  it  will  be 
 "  any  prejudice  to  the  Bill,  becaufe  I  am  confident  the 
 (-  reafon,  the  prudence,  and  the  charitablenefs  of  it  will 
 "  be  able  to  juftify  it  to  this  Houfe,  and  to  the  whole 
 "  World."  Accordingly  the  Houfe  gave  his  Grace  leave 
 to  bring  in  a  Bill  to  that  purpofe  ;  but  this  and  feme  others 
 were  loft  by  the  warm  debates  of  the  Houfe,  upon  the 
 impeachment  of  the  Earl  of  Danby,  which  occafioned  the 
 fudden  propagation  of  the  Parliament  June  a,  without  paf- 
 fing  one  publick  Bill  ;  after  which  his  Majefty,  upon  fur- 
 ther difcontent,  prorogued  them  for  fifteen  Months,  which 
 gave  occafion  to  warm  debates  in  the  next  SefTion,  whether 
 they  were   not  legally  diflblved. 
 
 From  this  time  to  the  breaking  out  of  the  popifh  Plot 
 Parliaments  were  called  and  adjourned  (fays  Mr.  Coke)  by 
 order  from  France  or  French  Minifters  and  Penfioners,  to 
 carry  en  the  defign  of  promoting  the  Catholick  caufe  in 
 mafquerade.  The  King  himfelf  was  a  known  Penfioner  of 
 Lewis  XIV.  who  had  appropriated  a  fund  of  twenty  mil- 
 lions of  Livres  for  the  fervice  of  thefe  Kingdoms,  out  of 
 which  the  Duke  of  York,  and  the  prime  Minifters  and 
 leaders  of  parties  had  Donatives,  according  as  the  French 
 Ambaltador  reprefented  their  merit.  The  Penfioners  made 
 it  their  -bufinefs  to  raife  the  cry  of  the  Church's  danger, 
 and  of  the  return  of  Forty  One.  This  was  fpread  over  the 
 whole  Nation  in  numberlefs  Pamphlets,  and  News  Papers, 
 &c.  writ  by  their  own  hirelings,  and  if  they  met  with  op- 
 pofition  from  the  other  fide,  the  Authors  and  Printers  were 
 fure  to  be  fined  and  imprifoned.  A  reward  of  fifty  Pounds 
 was  offered  for  the  Printer  of  a  Pamphlet,  fuppofed  to  be 
 writ  by  Andrew  Marvel,  entituled,  "  An  account  of  the 
 "  Growth  of  Power,  and  a  feafonable  argument  to  all 
 "  Grand  Juries;"  and  one  hundred  Pounds  for  the  Perfon 
 who  conveyed  it  to  the  Prefs.  No  Man  could  get  any  thing 
 publifhed  on  the  fide  of  Liberty  and  the  Proteftant  Religion 
 but  with  the  hazard  of  a  Prifon,  and  a  confiderable  Fine  ; 
 vior  is  thi«  to  be  wonder'd  at,  confidering  that  Sir  Roger 
 L'Eftrange  was  the  fole  Licenfer  of  the  Prefs. 
 
 This  Gentleman  was  a  Penfioner  of  the  Court,  and  a 
 Champion  for  the  Prerogative  ;  he  was  a  younger  Son  of  Sir 
 Hammond  L'Eftrange  of  Norfolk,  who  having  obtained 
 fome  hopes  of  furprizing  the  Town  of  Lynn  for  his  Majef- 
 ty  in  the  year  1644.  obtained  a  Commiffion  from  the  King 
 
 for 
 
Chap.  IX.        of   the  P  u  R  i  T  an  s:  387 
 
 for   that  purpofe,  but   being  apprehended  and    tried   by  a      K!n£ 
 Court  Martial  for  coming  into  the  Parliament's  Quarters  as      \%*i  ' 
 a  Spy,  he   was  condemned,  and  ordered  to  be  executed  in   LfyNJ 
 Smithfield  Jan.  2,    1644-5.   but  by  the  intercession  of  fome 
 powerful  Friends  he   was  reprieved,    and  kept   in  New-gate 
 feveral  years;  but  his  fufferings  made  fuch  an  irnpreiTion  on 
 his  Spirit,   that  upon  the  King's  Restoration  he  refolved  to 
 make   reprisals  on  the  whole   Party.     He  was  Mailer  of  a 
 fine  English   Stile,  and  of  a  great  deal  of  fatyrical  Wit,  all 
 which  he  employed  without  any  regard  to  truth  or  honefty 
 in  the  fervice    of  Popery  and  arbitrary  Power,    and  in  vili- 
 fying the  belt  and  moft  undoubted  Patriots  of  his  Country. 
 Never  did    Man    fight  i'o  to   force   the  Diflenters  into  the- 
 Church  (fays  Coke)   and  when   he  got  them  there  branded 
 them  for  Trimmers,  and  would  turn  them   out  again.     He 
 was  a  moft  mercenary  Writer,  and  had  a  Pen  at  the  Service 
 of  thofe  who  would   pay  him  bed.     Forty  One  was  his  re- 
 treat  againft  ail  that  durSt   contend   againil  him   and  the 
 Prerogative.     Sir  Roger   obferved    no   meafures   with    his 
 adverfaries  in   his    "    Weekly    Obfervators,    Foxes    and 
 *'  Firebrands,     Citt   and   Bumkin, "    and   other   Pamph- 
 lets ;  and  when    the  falfenefs  of  his  reafoning   and    wick- 
 ednefs   of  his  railery  was  detected,  "  like  a   fecond   Don 
 "  Quixot,"  he  called   aloud    to    the   Civil    Magistrate    to 
 come  into  his  aid.     He  reprefented  the  Religion  of   theDif- 
 fenters  as  a  mixture  of  Folly  and  Vanity ;   their  principles 
 and  tempers  as  turbulent,   feditious,   and  utterly  inconfiftent 
 with  the  peace   of   the   State  ;  their  pretences  as  frivolous, 
 and  often  baffled.     He  excited  the  Government  to  ufe   the  Burnet,  p. 
 utmoft  feverities  to  extirpate  them  out  of  the  Kingdom.  He  46l: 
 furnifhed   the   Clergy    with  Pulpit   Materials   to  rail  at  the    apm* 
 Diffenters ;  upon  which  the  Clergy  delivered  themfelves  up 
 to  much  heat  and  indifcretion  ;  Popery  was  forgot,  and  no- 
 thing fo  common  in  their  Mouths  as  Forty  One.  L'EStrange 
 published  fome  of  the  incautious  expreSfions  of  the  Diffen- 
 ters in  the  late  times,  which  he  picked   out   of  their  Wri- 
 tings, to  excite  the  Pope  againft  the  whole  party,  as    if  it 
 had  not  been  eafy  to    make  Reprifals  from  the  ranting  ex- 
 pressions of  the  Tories  in  this  Reign  :  For  thefe  exploits  he 
 was  maintained  by  the  Court,  and  knighted  ;  and  yet  when 
 the  Tide  turned  in  the  Reign  of  King  James  II.  he  forgot 
 M  his  railery  againft  the  Principles  of  the  Non-conformifts," 
 and  writ  as  zealoufly  for  liberty  of  Confcience,  on  the  foot 
 of  the  difpenfing  Power,  as  any  Man  in  the  Kingdom. 
 
 Bba  But 
 
;S8 
 
 The    HISTORY 
 
 Vol.  IV. 
 
 King 
 Charles  II. 
 
 Corbel's 
 Principles 
 and  Prac- 
 tices of  the 
 Non-conf. 
 
 But  in  anfwer  to  the  InvecYives  of  this  mercenary  Wri- 
 ter and  others,  a  Pamphlet  was  publifhed  with  the  appro- 
 bation of  feveral  Miniiters,  entituied,  "  The  Principles 
 "  and  Practices  of  feveral  Non-conforrnifis,  fhewing  that 
 "  their  Religion  is  no  other  than  what  is  profeffed  in  the 
 "  Church  of  England."  The  Authors  declare,  "  that  they 
 "  heartily  own  the  Proteftant  Reformation  in  Doctrine,  as 
 "  contained  in  the  Articles  of  the  Church  of  England. — 
 "  That  thev  are  willing  to  embrace  Biihop  Ufner's  Model 
 **  of  Church  Government,  which  King  Charles  I.  admit- 
 
 "  ted. They  hold  it   unlawful,   by   the  conilitution 
 
 "  and  laws  of  this  Kingdom,  for  Subjects  to  take  Arms 
 "  againft  the  King,  his  Office,  Authority  or  Perfon,  or 
 "  thofe  legally  commiilioned  and  authorized  by  him.  Nor 
 **  will-they  endeavour  any  alteration  in  Church  or  State  by 
 ■"  any  other  means  than  by  Prayer  to  God,  and  by  petition- 
 
 "  ing  their   Superiors. They   acknowledge   the   King's 
 
 M  Supremacy  over   all  Perfons,  &c.  within  his  Dominions. 
 
 "  They  declare  that   their  Doctrine  tends  to  no  un- 
 
 "  quietnefs  or  confuiion  any  more  than  the  Doctrine  of  the 
 **  Church  of  England.  And  they  think  it  not  fair  dealing 
 "  in  their  adverfaries  to  repeat  and  aggravate  all  intempe- 
 "  rate  paffages  vented  in  the  late  times,  when  impetuous 
 "  actings  hurried  Men  into  extremities;  and  they  appre- 
 "  hend  it  would  not  tend  to  the  advantage  of  the  conform - 
 c'  ing  Clergy,  if  Collections  mould  be  publifhed  of  all  their 
 *'  imprudences  and  weakneffes,  as    has    been  done  on   the 
 
 "  other  fide. They  abhor  feditious  Conventicles,  and 
 
 "  affirm,  that  infurrections  were  never  contrived  in  their 
 "  Meetings,  nor  in  any  whereof  they  are  confcious.  Ex- 
 "  perience  (fay  they)  hath  witneffed  our  peaceablenefs,  and 
 "  that  Difloyalty  or  Sedition  is  not  to  be  found  among  us 
 "  by  the  moft  inquifitive  of  our  Adverfaries. — They  defire 
 "  the  Church  or  England  to  take  notice,  that  they  have 
 "  no  rnind  to  promote  Popifh  Defigns ;  that  they  are  aware 
 "  of  the  advantage   that  Papifts   make  of  the  divifions  of 
 
 *'  Protectants That   the   invectives   thrown  out  againft 
 
 "  them  are  made  up  only  of  big  and  fwelling  words,  or  of 
 fi  the  indifcretions  of  a  few,  with  which  they  are  not 
 "  chargeable. — They  don't  pretend  to  be  Courtiers  or  Phi- 
 *'  lofophers,  but  they  teach  their  People  to  fear  God  and 
 **  honour  the  King;  to  love  the  Brotherhood,  to  bridle 
 4<  their  Tongues,  to  be  meek  and  lowly,  and  to  do  their 
 "  own  Work  with  quietnefs."-— 
 
 Tho» 
 
Chap.  IX.       of  the  Puritans.  389 
 
 Tho'   the   perfecution   continued  very  fierce,  the  Non-     King 
 conformrfts  ventured    tD   aflemble    in   private,   and  feveral      "^   ' 
 Pamphlets  were   publifhed  about  this  time  in  their  defence  ;  r_      _    _i 
 as,  *'  The  Peaceable  Defjgn  ;  or,  an  account  of  the  Non-  Pamphlets 
 "  conformifts  Meetings."     By  fome  London  Ministers,  de-  "l^01" 
 
 .  »  or  i^^jr^tc 
 
 figned,   (axs  Dr.  Stiilingfieet,  to  be  prefented  to  Parliament.  Meetings. 
 (i  Reafons  which  prevailed   with  the  Diflenters  in  Briftol  to 
 u  continue  their  Meetings,  however  profecuted  or  difturbed 
 
 "  Separation  no  Schiim A  rebuke   to  Informers  ; 
 
 ft  with  a  liea  for  the  Miniftersof  the  Gofpel  called  Non- 
 "  cbnformifts,  and  their  Meetings  ;  with  advice  to  thofe  to 
 w  whom  the  Informers  apply  for  ailiftance  in  their  Under- 
 "  taking." 
 
 Thefe   Informers   were    now   become    the   terror  of  the  Of  the  In- 
 Non-conformifts,  and    a    reproach   to   a  civilized   Nation.  Conform 
 They   went   about  in  difguife,   and  like  wandering  Strollers  piea> 
 lived  upon  the  plunder  of  induftrious  Families.      They  are  Part  HI. 
 a  felecf.  Company  (fays    the  Conformifts  Plea  for  the  Non-  p*   ,9' IO" 
 conformifts)  whom  the  Long-fufFering  of  God  permits  for  a 
 time  ;    they   are    of    no   good  reputation  ;   they  do  not  fo 
 much  as  know  the  names  or  Perfons  in  the  Country  whom 
 they  moleft,  but  go   by  report  of  their   under  Servants  and 
 Accomplices.     They  come  from  two  or  three  Counties  off 
 to  fet  up  this  new  Trade ;  whether  they  are  Papifts  or  nomi- 
 nal Proteftants,  who  can  tell  ?  they  never  go  to  their  Pariih 
 Churches,  nor  any   other,  but  lie  in  wait  and  ambufh  for 
 their  Prey  ;   their  eftate  is  invifible,  their  Country  unknown 
 to  many,  and  their  Morals  are  as  bad  as  the  very  dregs  of 
 the  Age  :  Thefe  are  the  Men  who  direct  and  rule  many  of 
 the  Magistrates  ;  who  live  upon  the  fpoil   of  better  Chrifti- 
 ans  and  Subjects  than   themfelves,  and  go  away  with  honeft. 
 Mens  Goods    honeftly  gotten. — They  are    generally  poor  Sewel,  p. 
 (fays  another  Writer)  as  are  many  of  the   Juftices,  fo    that  493- 
 they  lhared  the  Booty  belonging  to  the  King  as  well   as  the 
 Poor  among    themfelves ;  by   which  means   the  King  and 
 Poor  got  but  little. 
 
 Their  practice  was  to  infinuate  themfelves  into  an  ac-  Their  Ac- 
 quaintance with  fome  under  Servants,  or  Lodgers  in  a  Non-  xhod- 
 conforming  Family,  under  the  Cloak  of  Religion,  in  order 
 to  find  out  the  place  of  their  Meeting.  They  walked  the 
 Streets  on  the  Lord's  Day,  to  obferve  which  way  any  fiif- 
 pected  Perfons  went.  They  frequently  fet  down  in  Coffee- 
 Houfes,  and  places  of  publick  refort,  to  liften  to  conven- 
 tion. They  could  turn  themfelves  into  any  fhape,  or  fpeak 
 any  Language,  to  obtain  their  Ends.     When  they  had  dif- 
 
 B  b  3  covered 
 
39o  The    H  I  S  T  O  R  t  Vol.  IV. 
 
 K'ns      Covered  a  Conventicle  they  immediately  got  a  warrant  from 
 ^676  '    f°me  vvno  were  called  confiding  Juftices,  to  break  open  the 
 t— -y^j  Houfe.     If  the  Minifter  was  in  the  midfr,  of  his  Sermon  or 
 Prayer  they  commanded  him,  in  the  King's  name,  to  come 
 down  from  his  Pulpit  ;  and  if  he  did  not  immediately  obey, 
 a  file  of   Mufqueteers  was  ufually  fent  up  to  pull  him  down 
 by  force,   and  to  take  him  into  cuftody  ;  the  Congregation 
 was  broke  up,  and  the  People  guarded  along  the  Streets  to  a 
 Magistrate,  and  from  him  to    a  Prifon,  unlefs  they  immedi- 
 ately paid  their  fines  :  The  goods  of  the  Houfe  were  rifled, 
 and  frequently  carried  off  as   a  fecurity  for  the  large  Sum 
 of  Money  fet  upon  it. 
 Their  ir.fa-       This  was  a  new  way  of  getting  Money,    but  it  feldom  or 
 mous  Lives  never  profperea  ;  that   which  was  iil  gotten  was  as  ill  fpent, 
 and  Death,    upon  lewd  Women,    or  in  Taverns  and  Ale-houfes,  in  ga» 
 ming  or  fome  kind   of  Debauchery.     An  Informer  was  but 
 one  degree  above  a   Beggar  ;  there  was  a  remarkable  blaft 
 of  providence  upon   their   perfens  and  fubftance  :  Mofi  of 
 them  died  in  poverty  and  want ;  and  as  they  lived  in  difgrace 
 they  lecmed  to  die  by  a  remarkable  hand  of  God.     Stroud 
 and  Marfhal,  with  all   their  plunder,  could  not  keep  out  of 
 Prifon  ;  and  when  Keting,  another  Informer,  was  confined 
 for  Debt,  he  writ  to   Mr.  Baxter  to  endeavour  his  delive- 
 rance, confefTing  he  believed   God   had  fent  that  calamity 
 upon  him,  for  giving  him  fo  much  trouble.     Another  died 
 in  the  Compter  for  Debt ;  and  great  numbers  by  their  de- 
 baucheries came  to  miferable  and  untimely  ends. 
 They  are  But  as  fome  died  offothers  rofe  up  in  their  places,  who  by 
 
 by'thT5"1    l^e  inft'gation  of  the  Court  diilurbed  all  the  Meetings  they 
 Court,         couid  find  cut.     The  King  commanded  the  Judges  and  Ju- 
 flices of  London  to  put  the  penal  Laws  in  flricr.  Execution  ; 
 and  Sir  Jof.   Sheldon,    Lord    Mayor,    and  Kinfman  to  the 
 Archbifhop,  did  not  fail  to  do  his  part.     Sir  Thomas  Davis 
 gave  cjt   a    warrant  to  diftrain   on.  Mr.   Baxter   for  fifty 
 rounds,  on   account   of  his    Leclure  in   New-ftreet ;  and 
 when   he   had    built  a   little  Chapel  in  Oxenden-ftreet,  the 
 Doors   were  fhr.t  up  after  lie  had  preached  in  it  once.     In 
 April  this  year  he  was  difturbed  by  a  company  of  Conftables 
 and  OfRcers,  as  he  was  preaching  in    Su  allow-  flreet,  who 
 beat  Drums  under  the  Windows,  and  interrupted  the  fervice, 
 And  theBi-  when  they  hacj  tyot  a  warrant  to  break  open  the  Houfe. 
 gCpf*  The  Court  Bifnops,  as  has  been  obferved  more  than  once, 
 
 T.-ach,  pufhedon  the  Informers  to  do  all  the  mifchief  they  could  to 
 Vol.  II.  p.'  the  Nou-ccr.formifts  ;  i(  The  Prelates  will  net  fufFer  them 
 Vol  iil  p  ie  i0  'De  ciUiQi  ™  their  Families  (fays  a  confiderable  Writer 
 42,  &c.  of 
 
Chap.  IX.         of  the  Puritans. 
 
 "  of  thefe  Times)  tho'  they  have  given  large  and  ample 
 "  Teftimonies  that   they  are  willing  to  live  quietly  by  their 
 
 "  Church  Neighbours." The    diffenting    Proteftants 
 
 have  been  reputed  the  only  enemies  of  the  Nation,  and 
 therefore  only  perfecuted  (lays  a  noble  Writer)  while  the 
 Papifts  remain  undifturbed,  being  by  the  Court  thought 
 loyal,  and  by  our  great  Bifhops  not  dangerous.  Mr.  Locke, 
 Biihop  Burnet,  and  others,  have  fet  a  black  mark  upon  the 
 names  of  Archbifhop  Sheldon,  Biihop  Morley,  Gunning, 
 Henchman,  Ward,  &c.  but  I  mention  no  more,  becaufe 
 there  were  others  of  a  better  fpirit  who  refided  in  their  Dio- 
 cefes,  and  did  not  concern  themfelves  with  the  Court. 
 
 Among  thefe  we  may  reckon  Dr.  Edward  Reynolds,  Bi-  Death  of 
 mop  of  Norwich,  born  in  Southampton,  1599.  and  edu-  Eiftop 
 cated  in  Merton  College,  Oxford  ;  he  was  Preacher  to  the  eyno 
 Society  of  Lincoln's  Inn,  and  reckoned  one  of  the  mod 
 eloquent  pulpit  Men  of  his  Age.  In  the  time  of  the  civil 
 Wars  he  took  part  with  the  Parliament,  and  was  one  of  the 
 AfTembly  of  Divines.  In  the  year  1646.  he  was  appointed 
 one  of  the  Preachers  to  the  Univerfity  of  Oxford,  and  af- 
 terwards a  Vifitor.  Upon  the  reform  of  the  Univerfity  he 
 was  made  Dean  of  Chrifl-Church,  and  Vice-chancellor. 
 After  the  King's  death  he  loft  his  Deanry  for  refufing  the 
 Engagement,  but  complied  with  all  the  other  changes  till 
 the  King's  Refloration,  when  he  appeared  with  the  Prefby- 
 terians,  but  was  prevailed  with  to  accept  a  Biihoprickon  the 
 terms  of  the  King's  Declaration,  which  never  took  place. 
 He  was  a  Perfon  of  fingular  affability,  meeknefs,  and  hu- 
 mility, and  a  frequent  Preacher,  tho'  he  had  but  a  hoarfe 
 voice.  He  was  a  conftant  refident  in  his  Diocefe,  and  a 
 good  old  Puritan,  who  never  concerned  himfelf  with  the 
 politicks  of  the  Court.  He  died  at  Norwich  Jan.  16. 1676. 
 ./Etatis  Seventy  fix. 
 
 The  murmurs  of  the  people  againft  the  Government  frill      1677. 
 ran  very  high.     When   the   Parliament  met  they  addrefs'd  ^"g"0"' 
 the  King  to  enter  into  an  Alliance  with  the  Dutch,  and  other  ^alion. 
 Confederates,  for  preferving    the   Spanifh  Netherlands,  as  Gazette, 
 the  only   means  to  fave  Great-Britain  from  Popery  and  No#  ia*3' 
 Slavery.     But  his  Majefty  faid,  he  would  not  fuffer  his  pre- 
 rogative  of  making  War  and  Peace  to  be  invaded,  nor  be 
 directed  what  Alliances  it  was   proper  for  him  to  enter  into. 
 However,  he  confented  to  a  feparate  peace  with  the  Dutch, 
 and  then  prorogued   the  Parliament  to  the  middle  of  July, 
 by  which  time  the  French  had  almofr.  compleated  their  con- 
 quers of  the  Spanifh  Flanders.     The  chief  thing  the  Par- 
 
 B  b  4  liament 
 
39*  The    HISTORY  Vol.  IV. 
 
 Klns       liament  could  obtain,  was  the  repeal  of  thepopifh  A£t  "De 
 
 a,r6e_s     '    "  Haeretico  comburendo." 
 f_.— v-  _'      But  when  the  Campaign  was  over  his  Majefty  did  one  of 
 Marriage  of  the  moft  popular  Actions  of  his  Reign,  which  was,  marry - 
 
 SoST?     inS    the  Princefs  Marv»    eldeft   Daughter   of    the  Duke 
 with  the       of    York,  to  the  Prince  of  Orange.     The   King   imagi- 
 Princeis        ned  he  could  oblige  the  Dutch    by  this   Marriage  to  fub- 
 mit  to  a  disadvantageous  peace  with  the  French  ;  but  when 
 the  Prince  declared  roundly,  that  he  would  not  Sacrifice  his 
 honour,  nor  the  liberties  of  Europe  for  a  Wife,  his  Majefty 
 faid,  he   was  an  honed   Man,   and  gave   him  the  Princefs 
 without   any  conditions,  to   the  great  joy  of  all  the  Prote- 
 ftants  in  the  Nation,  who  had  now  a  Proteftant  Heir  to  the 
 Crown  in  view,  tho'  at  fome  distance.     The  Nuptials  were 
 Solemnized  Nov.  4,    1677.   and  the  Royal  Pair  foon  after 
 embarked  privately  for  Holland. 
 Death  of  This  year  died  Archbifhop   Sheldon,  one  of  the  moft  in- 
 
 Archbp.       veterate  Enemies   of  the  Non-conformifts,  a  Man  of  high 
 and  Pro'       perfecuting  Principles,  and  a  Tool  of  the  Prerogative,  who 
 tionofSan-   made  a  jeSt  of  Religion,  any    farther  than  it  was  a  political 
 cmft  and      Engine  of  State.     He  was  Succeeded  by  Dr.  Sancroft,  who 
 ompton.     wag  jgpj-iygd  for  Jacobitifm  at  the  Revolution.     Dr.  Comp- 
 ton  was   promoted  to  the   See  of  London,  in  the  room  of 
 Do£ior   Henchman,  a  Man  of  weak,  but  arbitrary  Princi- 
 ples, till  it  came  to  his  own  turn  to  be  pinched.     Many  of 
 the  Bifhops  were  with  the  King  this  Summer,  for  his  Com- 
 mands to  put  the  penal  Laws  in  Execution,  which  they  did 
 Baxter         v.Thh  (o   much  diligence,    that  Mr.  Baxter  Says,   he  was  So 
 Part  11 L       weary  of  keeping  his  doors  Shut  again  St  PerSons  that  came  to 
 p.  171,  jyz.  (jjftrajn  his  Goods  for  preaching,  that  he  was  forced  to  leave 
 his  HouSe,  to  Sell  his  Goods,  and  part  with  his  very  Books. 
 About  twelve  years  (Says  he)  I  have  been  driven  one  hundred 
 miles  from  them,  and  when  I  had  paid  dear  for  the  carriage, 
 after  two   or  three  years  was  forced  to  Sell  them.     Which 
 w{a?  the  caSeof  many  others,    who  being  driven  from  their 
 Families   and  Friends,  and  having  no  way  of  Subfiftance, 
 were  forced  to  Sell  their    Books,  and  part  with  their  Hou- 
 fhold  Furniture  to  keep  them  alive: 
 Death  of  Tnis  year  died  the  Reverend  Dr.  Thomas  Manton,  ejec- 
 
 ton",  ted  from  Covent  Garden  ;  he  was  born  in   Somerfetfhire 
 
 1620.  educated  at  Tiverton  School,  and  from  thence  placed 
 m  Wadhsm  College,  Oxo'n.  He  was  ordained  by  Dr.  Hall 
 33  Shop  of  Exeter,  when  he  was  not  more  than  twenty  years 
 of  age:  Hicfirft.  Settlement  was  at  Stoke-Ncwington,  near 
 
 London, 
 
Chap.  IX.  of  the  P  u  r  i  t  a  n  s.  393 
 
 London,  where  he  continued  feven  years,  being  generally  King 
 efteemed  an  excellent  Preacher,  and  a  learned  Expofitor  of  CIia^es  • 
 Scripture.  Upon  the  death  or  refignation  of  Mr.  Obadiah  ^  --'  ,j 
 Sedgwick,  he  was  prefented  to  the  Living  of  Covent-gar- 
 den  by  the  Duke  of  Bedford,  and  preached  to  a  numerous 
 Congregation.  The  Doctor  was  appointed  one  of  the  Pro- 
 tector's Chaplains,  and  one  of  the  Triers  of  perfons  Qua- 
 lifications for  the  Miniftry  ;  which  fervice  he  conilantly  at- 
 tended. In  the  year  1660.  he  was  very  forward  in  concert 
 with  the  Preibyterian  Ministers,  to  promote  the  King's  Re- 
 fforation,  and  was  one  of  the  Commiflioners  at  the  Savoy 
 Conference  ;  he  was  then  created  Doctor  of  Divinity,  and 
 offered  the  Deanry  of  Rochefter,  but  declined  it.  After  he 
 was  turned  out  of  his  Living  in  1662.  he  kept  a  private 
 Meeting  in  his  own  Houfe,  but  was  imprifoned,  and  met 
 with  feveral  difturbances  in  his  minifterial  Work.  He  was 
 in  all  the  Treaties  for  a  comprehcnfion  with  the  Eftablifhed 
 Church,  and  in  high  eiteem  with  the  Duke  of  Bedford, 
 Earl  of  Mancheiter,  and  other  noble  Perfons.  At  length 
 finding  his  Conftitution  breaking,  he  refigned  himfelf  to 
 God's  wife  difpofal,  and  being  feized  with  a  kind  of  Lethar- 
 gy, he  died  October  18,  1677.  in  the  fifty  feventh  year  of 
 his  age,  and  was  buried  in  the  Chancel  of  the  Church  of 
 Stoke  Newington.  Dr.  Bates  in  his  Funeral  Sermon  fays, 
 he  was  a  Divine  of  a  rich  fancy,  a  ftrong  memory,  and 
 happy  elocution,  improved  by  diligent  Study.  He  Avas  an 
 excellent  Chrillian,  a  fervent  Preacher,  and  every  way  a 
 blefting  to  the  Church  of  God.  His  practical  Works  were 
 publifhed  in  five  Volumes  in  Folio  at  feveral  times  after  his 
 death,  and  are  in  great  efteem  among  the  Diffenters  to  this 
 Day. 
 
 About  the  fame  time  died  Mr.,  John  Rowe,  M.  A.  born  And  of  Mr. 
 in  the  year  1626.  and  educated  for  fome  time  at  Cambridge,  JonnR°we. 
 but  tranflated  to  Oxford  about  the  time  of  the  Vifitaticn  in 
 the  year  1648.  Here  he  was  admitted  M.  A.  and  Fellow  of 
 Corpus  Chrifti  College.  He  was  firft  Leclurer  at  Witney 
 in  Oxfordfhire  ;  afterwards  Preacher  at  Tiverton  in  Devon- 
 fhire,  and  one  of  the  Commiflioners  for  ejecting  ignorant 
 and  infufficient  Miniflers  in  that  County.  Upon  the  death 
 of  Mr.  William  Strong  in  the  year  1654,  he  was  called  to 
 fucceed  him  in  the  Abbey  Church  of  Weffminfter ;  at 
 which  place,  as  in  all  others,  his  Sermons  were  very  much 
 frequented  by  perfons  of  all  Perfuafions.  On  the  14th  of 
 March   1659.  he    was  appointed    one   of  the  approvers  of 
 
 Minifters 
 
394  The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y        Vol.  IV. 
 
 Kin?  Minifters  by  A<&  of  Parliament;  but  on  the  King's  Refto- 
 /'  "  ration  he  gave  way  to  the  change  of  the  times,  and  was 
 filenced  with  his  Brethren  by  the  act  of  Uniformity.  He 
 was  a  Divine  of  great  gravity  and  piety  ;  his  Sermons  were 
 judicious  and  well  ftudied,  fit  for  the  audience  of  Men  of 
 the  beft  Quality  in  thofe  times.  After  the  Bartholomew  Aft 
 he  continued  with  his  People,  and  preached  to  them  in  Bar- 
 tholomew Clofe,  and  elfewhere,  as  the  times  would  per- 
 mit, till  his  death,  which  happened  October  12,  1677.  in 
 the  fifty  fecond  year  of  his  age.  He  lies  buried  in  Bunhil 
 Fields,  under  an  Altar  Monument  of  a  Brick  Foundation. 
 The  Words  with  which  he  concluded  his  laft  Sermon  were 
 thefe,  "  We  fhould  not  defire  to  continue  longer  in  this 
 "  World  than  to  glorify  God,  tofiruih  our  Work,  and  to 
 **  be  ready  to  fay,  Farewel  Time,  welcome  blelfed  Eter- 
 "  nity:  Even  fo  come,  Lord  Jefus ! 
 
 CHAP.    X. 
 
 From  the   Popifh.  Plot   to  the  Death  of  King  Charles  tl.  in 
 the  year  1684-5. 
 
 *6;S.      "Tp  H  E  King  having  concluded  a  peace  with  the  Dutch, 
 Peace  of         j^     became  Mediator  between  the  French  and  the  Confe- 
 -mqjticn.    (jeratgS  at  ^q  Treaty  of  Nimeguen  ;  where  the  former  ma- 
 naged the  Englifh  Court  fo  dexteroufly,  that  the  Emperor 
 and  Spaniards   were  obliged  to  buy  their  peace  at  the  ex- 
 pence  of  the  beft  part  of  Flanders. 
 
 From  this  time  to  the  end  of  the  King's  Reign  we  meet 
 with  little  elfebut  Domeftick  Quarrels  between  the  King  and 
 his  Parliament  ;  Sham  Plots,  and  furious  Sallies  of  Rage 
 and  Revenge,  between  the  Court  and  Country  Parties. 
 The  Non-conformifis  were  very  great  Sufferers  by  thefe 
 Debates  ;  the  penal  Laws  being  in  full  force,  and  the  exe- 
 cution of  them  in  the  hands  of  their  declared  Enemies. 
 T3*?  Popifh  No  fooner  was  the  Nation  at  peace  abroad,  but  a  formi- 
 P?ot.  dabte    Plot  broke  out  at  home,  to   take  away  the  King's 
 
 i^chard,  p.  kj.-e^  tQ  fu'overt  t]ie  Conftitution,  to  introduce  Popery,  and 
 to  extirpate  the  Proteftant  Religion  Root  and  Branch.  It 
 was  called  the  Popifh  Plot  from  the  nature  of  the  defign, 
 and  the  Quality  of  the  Perfons  concerned  in  it,  which 
 were  no  lefs  than  Pope  innocent  XI.  Cardinal  Howard  his 
 Legat;    and   the   Generals  of  the  Jefuits  in  Spain   and  at 
 
 Rome. 
 
 9Z4 
 
Chap*  X.         of  the  P  u  R  i  t  a  ti  s. 
 
 Rome.  When  the  King  was  taken  off  the  Duke  of  York 
 was  to  receive  the  Crown  as  a  Gift  from  the  Pope,  and 
 hold  it  in  fee.  If  there  happened  any  difturbance,  the 
 City  of  London  was  to  be  fired,  and  the  Infamy  of  the 
 whole  Affair  to  be  laid  upon  the  Prefbyterians  and  Fana- 
 ticks,  in  hopes  that  the  Churchmen  in  the  Heat  of  their 
 Fury  would  cut  them  in  pieces,  which  would  make  way 
 for  the  more  cafy  Subverfion  of  the  whole  Proteftant  Reli- 
 gion. Thus  an  Infurrec~rion,  and  perhaps  a  fecond  Maffacre 
 of  the  Proteftants  was  intended  ;  for  this  purpofe  they 
 had  great  numbers  of  Popifh  Officers  in  pay,  and  fome 
 Thoufands  of  Men  fecretly  lifted  to  appear  upon  Occafion  ; 
 as  was  depofed  by  the  Oaths  of  Bedloe,  Tongue,  Dr. 
 Oates,  and  others. 
 
 The  Difcovery  of  this  Plot  fpread  a  prodigious  Alarm  A'arms  the 
 over  the  Nation,  and  awakened  the  Fears  of  thofe  who  Natlon- 
 were  before  at  Eafe.  The  King's  Life  was  the  more  valu- 
 able becaufe  of  the  Popifh  Succeffor,  who  was  willing  to 
 run  all  rifks  for  the  introducing  his  Religion.  The  murder 
 of  Sir  Edmondbury  Godfrey  at  this  Juncture,  a  zealous 
 and  attive  Proteftant  Juftice  of  peace,  encreafed  Men's 
 Sufpicions  of  a  Plot,  and  the  Depofitions  upon  Oath  of 
 the  above-mentioned  WicnefTes,  feemed  to  put  it  beyond 
 all  doubt  ;  for  upon  their  Impeachment  Sir  G.  Wakeman 
 the  Queen's  Phyfician  ;  Mr.  Ed.  Coleman  the  Duke  of 
 York's  Secretary,  Mr.  Richard  Langhorne,  and  eight  other 
 Romifh  Priefts  and  Jefuits,  were  apprehended  and  fecured. 
 When  the  Parliament  met  they  voted,  that  "  There  was 
 "  a  damnable  hellifh  plot  contrived  and  carried  on  by  Popifh 
 *'  Recufapts  againft  the  Life  of  the  King  and  the  Proteftant 
 "  Religion."  Five  Popifh  Lords  were  committed  to 
 Cuftody,  viz.  Lord  Stafford,  Powis,  Arundel,  Petre, 
 and  Bellafy?.  A  Proclamation  was  iffued  out  againft  Pa- 
 pifts  ;  and  the  King  was  addreffed  to  remove  the  Duke  of 
 York  from  his  perfon  and  Councils. 
 
 Tho'  the  King  hnhfelf  gave  no  Credit  to  the  Plot,  yet  Note-edited 
 finding  it  impracticable  to  ftem  the  Tide  of  the  People's 
 Zeal,  he  gave  way  to  the  Execution  of  the  Law  upon  feve- 
 ral  of  the  condemned  Criminals :  Mr.  Coleman,  and 
 five  of  the  Jefuits,  were  executed  at  Tyburn,  who  proteft- 
 ed  their  Innocence  to  the  laft ;  and  a  year  or  two  forward 
 Lord  Stafford  was  beheaded  on  Tower  Hill.  But  the  Court 
 Party  turned  the  plot  into  ridicule  ;  the*  King  told  Lord  Hal- 
 ifax, that  it  was  not  probable  that  the  Papifts  (hould   con- 
 
 fpire 
 
396  The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y        Vol.  IV. 
 
 King  fpire  to  kill  him,  for  have  I  not  been  kind  enough  to  them 
 °HpL  (fays  his  Majefty?)  Yes  (fays  his  Lordfhip)  you  have'  been 
 ._  _' L  _j  too  kind  indeed  to'them  ;  but  they  know  you  will  only  Trot, 
 and  they  want  a  Prince  that  will  Ga]lpp.  The  Coiut  em- 
 ployed their  Tool  Sir  Roger  L'  Eitrange  to  write  a  weekly 
 paper  againft  the  plot ;  but  the  country  party  encouraged 
 Mr.  Car  to  write  a  Weekly  Packet  of  advice  from  Ro-.  e. 
 difcovering  the  frauds  and  fuperftitions  of  that  Co^rt ;  For 
 which  he  was  arraigned,  convicted  and  fined,  and  his  papers 
 forbid  to  be  printed  any  more  by  order  of  the  King's  Bench  ; 
 an  admirable  Protectant  Court  of  Judicature  .! 
 
 Biuit  was  impoffible  to  quiet  the  Minds  of  the  Parlia- 
 Aditoviif-  ment,  who  had  a  quick  fenfe  of  the  danger  of  Popery, 
 qualify  Pa.  anj  therefore  pafled  a  Bill  to  difable  al!  perfons  of  that  Re- 
 PJ\  I'Kment?  n£>an  from  fitting  in  either  Houfe  of  Parliament,  which  is 
 Burnet,  p.  iriil  in  force,  being  excepted  out  of  tne  Act  of  Toleration: 
 4S6-  The  Act  requires  a!i  Members  of    Parliament  to   renounce 
 
 by  Oath,  The  Doctrine  of  Tranfubflar.tiation,  and  to  de- 
 clare the  Worfhip  of  the  Virgin  Man,  and  of  the  Saints, 
 pradtifed  in  the  Church  of  Rome,  to  be  idolatrous.  Bifhop 
 Gunning:  argued  againu  charging  the  Church  of  Rome  with 
 Itlolatry  :  but  the  Houledid  not  much  regard  him  ;  and  when 
 the  Bill  was  pail  he  took  the  Oath  in  common  with  the  reft. 
 The  Duke  of  York  got  himfelf  excepted  out  of  the 
 Occafionof   jgjji     [,ur  the  fears  of  his  Acceffion  to  the    Crown    were    fo 
 
 flmclvi  i»g  i         I        it         r    i     •        •  n-n     •  i 
 
 theLoii'  great,  that  there  was  a  loud  talk  or  bringing  a  bill  into  the 
 Parliament.  Houfe,  to  exclude  him  from  the  SucceiTion  as  being  a 
 Papifr,  upon  which  the  King  came  to  the  Houfe  November 
 q.  and  allured  the  Houfe,  that  he  would  con/eat  to  any 
 Bills  forfecuring  the  Proteftant  Religion,  "  provided  they 
 "  did  not  impeach  the  right  of  Succeifion,  nor  the  dt-fcent 
 *f  of  the  Crown  in  the  true  line,  nor  the  juff.  rights  of  any 
 e'  Proteftant  Succefior."  But  this  not  giving  Satisfaction. 
 his  Majefty  came  to  the  Houfe  again  towards  the  latter  end 
 of  December,  and  fir  ft  prorogued,  and  then  diffoived  the 
 Parliament,   after  they  had  fat  almoft  eighteen  Years. 
 
 It  may  be  proper  to  obferve  concerning  the  Ponifh  Plot, 
 Remarr<<  Cn  ^j.  ti10»  t]ie  King's  Life  might  not  be  immediately  (truck  at, 
 pjor  L'p"  yet  there  was  fuch  ftrong  Evidence  to  prove  the  reality  of  a 
 Plot  to  fubvert  the  Conftitution  and  introduce  Poperv, 
 that  no  difinterefted  Reader  can  doubt  it.  Mi.  Rapin,  who 
 bad  carekvily  confijdered  al  the  Evidence,  concludes  that 
 "  there  was  a  meditated  defign,  fupported  by  the  King  and 
 "  the  Duke  of  York,  to  reader  the  King  abfolute,  and  m- 
 "  troduce  the  Popifh  ReHgijn  ;"  for  this  is  ptecifely  what 
 is  meint  by  the  Plot  :  The  Defign  of  killing  the  King    was 
 
Chap.  X.         of  the  Pu  r  r  T  a  n  s.  3  97 
 
 only  an  Appendage  to  the  Plot,  fuppofing  it  to  be  real,  ancb.n 
 Effect  of  the  Zeal  of  fome  private  perfons  who  thought  the  Plot 
 would  be  crowned  with  thefurer  fuccefs  by  fyeedily  fetting  the 
 Duke  of  York  upon  the  Throne.  Bifhop  Burnet  adds,  that  p.  427, 
 tho'  the  King  and  he  agreed  in  private  Ccnverfation,  that  the  437* 
 greateft  part  of  the  evidence  was  a  contrivance,  yet  it  appear- 
 ed (fays  he)  by  Coleman's  Letters,  that  the  defign  of  con- 
 verting the  Nation,  and  of  rooting  out  the  Nothern  Herefy, 
 was  very  near  being  executed.  To  which  I  beg  leave  to  add, 
 That  tho'  the  defign  of  killing  the  King  did  not  take  place 
 at  this  time,  his  Majefty  felt  the  effects  of  it,  in  his  violent 
 Death,   four  or  five  Years  afterwards. 
 
 This  Year  died  Mr.   Thomas  Vincent,   M.  A.  the  eject-  Death  of 
 ed  Minifter   of  Milk  Street,  born    at   Hertford  May    1634.  ^J^- 
 and   educated  in   Chrift  Church,  Oxford.    He   was    Chap-  cal.  co*t, 
 lain   to    Robert   Earl   of   Leicefter,    and     afterwards    Mi-  p.  30. 
 nifter    of   Milk   Street,    London,     till    the    Aft   of  Uni- 
 formity turned  him  out.     He  was  an  humble   and   zealous 
 Preacher,   of   moderate  principles,  and  an    unfpotted   Life. 
 He  continued  in  the  City  throughout  the  whole  Plague,   the 
 Awfulnefs  of   which  gave  him  a  peculiar  fervency   and  zeal 
 in  hisminiflerial  work.     On  this  Occafion  hepublifhed  fome 
 very  awakening  Treatifes  ;  as,  u   A  Spiritual  Antidote  for 
 a  dying  Soul."   And, "  Gods  terrible  Voice  in  the  City  by  the 
 Plague  in  the  Year  1665."     He  not  only  preached  inpublick, 
 but  vifited  all  the  Sick   that   fent  for  him  in  their  infected 
 Houfes,  having  no  fear  of  Death  upon  him.     He  continued 
 in  health  all  the  while,  and  was  afterwards  ufeful,  as  the  times 
 would  permit,   to  a  numerous  congregation,  being  generally 
 refpedted  by  Men  of  all  perfuafions  ;   but  his   exceflive  La- 
 bours put  an  end  to  his  Life  October   15th,    1678.     in   the 
 forty  fifth  Year  of  his  Age. 
 
 Mr.  Theophilus  Gale,  M.  A.  and  Fellow  of  Magdalen  And  of  Mr. 
 College,  Oxford,  was  ejected  from  Winchefter,  where  he  Gale, 
 had  been  ftated  Preacher  for  fome  time  ;  after  which  he  tra- 
 vell'd  abroad  as  Tutor  to  the  Sons  of  Philip  Lord  Wharton. 
 Upon  his  return  he  fetled  with  Mr.  John  Rowe  as  an  affift- 
 ant,  in  which  Station  he  died.  The  Oxford  Hiftorian 
 allows,  that  he  was  a  Man  of  great  reading,  an  exact  Philo- 
 logift  and  Philofopher,  a  learned  and  induftrious  Divine,  as 
 appears  by  his  "  Court  of  the  Gentiles,"  and,  "  The  Vanity 
 of  Pagan  Philofophy."  He  kept  a  little  Academy  for  the 
 Inftructon  of  Youth,  and  was  well  verfed  in  the  Fathers, 
 being  at  the  fame  time  a  good  Metaphyfictan  and 
 School  Divine.  He  died  of  a  Confumption  this  Year,  in 
 the  Forty  ninth  Year  of  his  Age.  The 
 
39S  The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y         Vol.  IV. 
 
 ^inB  The  King  having  called  a    new  Parliament   to  meet  in 
 
 1679.11'    March,     all  Parties  exerted  themfelves  in  the  Choice ;  the 
 «_  -v- -,_j  Non-Conformifts  appeared  generally  for  thofe  who  were  for 
 A  new  Par-  profecuting  the  Popilh  Plot,  and  fecuring  a  Proteftant  Suc- 
 hament.       ce/Tion  :  Thefe  being  efteemed  Patriots   of    their  Country, 
 in  Oppofition  to  thofe  who  made  a  loud  Cry  for  the  Church, 
 and  yet  fell  in  with  the  arbitrary    Meafures  of    the   Court, 
 and  the  perfonal  Intereft  of  the  Duke  of  York.     The  Elec- 
 tions in  many  Places  were  canied  with  great  Heat,  but  went 
 almofl:  every  where  againft   the  Court.      Mr.    Rapin   fays, 
 That  the  Prefbyterians,    tho'  long  opprefled,  were  ft  ill  nu- 
 merous  in  Corporations,    fo  that  by  the  Majority  of  their 
 Votes  they  commonly  carried  it  in  favour  of   their    Friends. 
 The  Semi-Conformifts  (as  Mr.  Eachard  calls  the  moderate 
 Churchmen)  and  the  Diflenters  being  on  one  Side,  and   the 
 High   Churchmen   and    Papifts  on   the  other.     Before  the 
 Parliament  met,    the  Duke   of   York  was  fent  out  of  the 
 Way   to  Flanders,    but  with  this  pofitive  Aflurance,  that 
 hisMajefty  would  confent   to  nothing  in   Prejudice  of    his 
 Right  of    Succefiion.       And   further   to   ingratiate  himfelf 
 with  the   People,    and  make  a  Shew  of  Moderation,  a  new 
 Privy   Council   was  chofen  out  of  the  Low  Church  Party  ; 
 but  this  not  fatisfying  as  lqng  as  the  Duke's  Succefiion  was 
 in  view,  the  Commons  foon  after  the  Sefiipns  began,  order- 
 ed a  Bill  to  be  brought  in  to  difable  the  Duke  of  York  from 
 inheriting  the   Imperial   Crown  of  England,  and  carried  it 
 through  the  Houfe  with  a  high  Hand.     Upon  which  his  Ma- 
 jefty  came  to  the  Houfe  and  diflblved  them,  before  they  had 
 fat  three  Months.     This  threw  the  Nation  into    new  Con- 
 vulfions,  and  produced  a  great  Number  of  Pamphlets  againft 
 the  Government,  the  Act  for  Restraining  the   Prels  being 
 lately  expired. 
 Meal  T  b        ^e  P°P*m  ^ot  having  fixed  a  Brand  of  Infamy  and    In- 
 Piot.  gratitude  on  the  whole  Body  of  the  Roman  Catholicks,  the 
 
 Burnet,  p.  Courtiers  attempted  to  relieve  them,  by  fetting  on  Foot  a 
 Rapin  p  fham  Proteftant  Plot,  and  fathering  it  upon  the  Prefbyteri- 
 239,  240.  ans :  For  this  Purpofe  mercenary  Spies  were  employed  to 
 bring  news  from  all  Parts  of  the  Town,  which  was  then 
 full  of  Cabals.  At  length  a  Plot  was  formed  by  one  Dan- 
 gerfield,  a  fubtle  and  dangerous  Papift,  but  a  very  Villain, 
 who  had  been  in  Qaol  for  Debt,  but  got  out  by  the  Aflift- 
 ance  of  one  Mrs.  Cellier  the  Midwife,  a  lewd  Woman, 
 who  carried  him  to  the  Countefs  of  Powis,  whofe  Hufband 
 was  in  the  Tower  for  the  Popiih  Plot  j  with  her  he  formed 
 his  Scheme,  and  having  got  a  Lift  of  the  Names  of  the  chief 
 
 Proteftant 
 
Chap.  X.  ofthe  Puritans.  399 
 
 Proteftant  Nobility  and  Gentry,  he  writ  treafonable  Letters  ^i«5n 
 to  them,  to  be  left  at  the  Houfes  of  the  Non-Conformifts  l  J6?^  ' 
 and  others  in  fevera!  Parts  of  England,  that  Search  being  v«— -y- *. 
 made  upon  fome  other  Pretences,  when  die  Letters  were 
 found,  "they  might  be  apprehended  for  Treafon.  At  the  fame 
 Time  he  thruft  himfelf  into  the  Company  of  fome  of  the 
 moft  zealous  Enemies  of  Popery  about  Town,  and  informed 
 the  King  and  the  Duke  of  York,  "  that  he  had  been  invi- 
 <c  ted  to  accept  of  a  Commiffion  ;  that  a  new  Form  of  Go- 
 '*  vernment  was  to  be  (et  up  ;  and  that  the  King  and  Royal 
 "  Family  were  to  be  baniihed."  The  Story  was  received 
 with  Pleafure,  and  Dungerfield  had  a  Prefent,  and  a  Penfion 
 of  three  Pounds  a  Week,  to  carry  on  his  Correfpondence- 
 Having  got  fome  little  Acquaintance  with  Colonel  Manfel  in 
 Weftminfter  he  made  up  a  Bundle  of  feditious Letters,  with 
 the  Affiftance  of  Mrs.  Cellier,  and  having  laid  them  in  adark 
 Corner  of  Manfel's  Room  behind  the  Bed,  he  fent  for  Offi- 
 cers from  the  Cuflom-Houfe  to  fearch  for  prohibited  Goods 
 while  he  was  out  of  Town,  but  none  were  found,  except 
 the  Bundle  of  Letters,  which,  upon  Examination  of  the 
 the  Parties  concerned,  before  the  King  and  Council,  were 
 proved  to  be  Counterfeit;  upon  which  the  Court  difown- 
 ed  the  Plot,  and  having  taken  away  Dungerfield's  Penfion 
 fent  him  to  Newgate.  Search  being  made  into  Mrs.  Celli- 
 er's  Houfe  there  was  found  a  little  Book  in  a  Meal  Tub, 
 written  very  fair,  and  tied  up  with  Ribbands,  which  con- 
 tained the  whole  Scheme  of  the  Fiction.  It  was  dictated  by 
 Lady  Powis,  and  proved  by  her  Maid  to  be  Iaia  there  by 
 her  Order,  from  whence  it  obtained  the  Name  of  the  Meal 
 Tub  Plot.  Dungerfield,  who  was  a  profligate  Lyar,  find- 
 ing himfelf  undone  if  he  perfifted  in  what  he  could  not  fup- 
 port,  made  an  ample  Confeffion  of  the  whole  Matter,  and 
 publifhed  a  Narrative,  wherein  he  teftified,  That*'  He  was 
 "  employed  by  the  Popifh  Party  ;  and  chiefly  by  the  Popifli 
 "  Lords  in  the  Tower,  with  the  Countefs  of  Powis,  to  in- 
 "  vent  the  Meal  Tub  Plot,  which  was  to  have  thrown 
 •*  the  Popish  Plot  wholly  upon  the  Prefbyterians."  It 
 was  printed  by  Order  of  the  Houfe  of  Commons  in  the  Year 
 1680.  Dungerfield  being  pardoned  went  out  of  the  Way 
 into  Flanders;  but  returning  to  England  in  King  James's 
 Reign  he  was  tried  for  it,  and  fentenced  to  be  whipt  at  the 
 Cart's  Tail  from  Newgate  to  Tyburn  ;  in  his  Return  from 
 whence  he  was  murdered  by  one  Francis  in  the  Coach.  Mrs. 
 Cellier  was  tried  June  11.  1680.  before  the  Lord  Chief 
 Juftice  Scroggs,  and  acquitted  for  want  of  WitnefTes.     But 
 
 the 
 
4oo  The  HISTORY        Vol.  IV. 
 
 King      the  Difcovery,      inftead  of    relieving   the  Papifts  from  the 
 Charles.  II.  Qiai-ge  0f  lne  p0pj(h  Plot,  turned  very  much  to  their    Dif- 
 
 ^ 7     j  advantage  ;  for  when  the  next  Houfe  of  Commons  met  they 
 
 State  refolved,  That  Sir  Robert  Can  be  expell'd  the  Houfe  and  fent 
 
 TraSs,  to  the  Tower,  for  declaring  publickly  in  the  City  of  Briffol, 
 Vol.  II.  p.  t|)at  there  was  n0  p0p,fn  but  a  Prefnytcrian  Plot.  Sir  Ro- 
 bert Yeomans  was  fent  for  into  Cufiody  on  the  fame  Ac- 
 count ;  and  Mr.  Richard  Thompfon  a  Clergyman  was  im- 
 peached for  decrying  the  Popifh  Plot  in  his  Sermon,  Jan.  30 
 1  679.  and  for  turning  the  fame  upon  the  Protellants ;  for 
 which,  and  for  Preaching  againft  the  Liberty  and  Property 
 of  the  Subjecl,  and  the  Privileges  of  Parliament,  the  Houfe 
 declared  him  a  Scandal  and  Reproach  to  his  Profeffion. 
 
 This  Year  died  the  Reverend  and  Learned  Mr.  Matthew 
 mTmL  Poo1»  M-  A.  theejeaediVLinifterof  St.  Michael's  Querne; 
 Pool.  he  was  born  in  Yorkfhire,  and  educated  in  Emanuel  College, 
 
 Cambridge,  a  Divine  of  great  Piety,  Charity,  and  Litera- 
 ture. He  was  indefatigably  laborious,  and  left  behind  him 
 (fays  the  Oxford  Hiftorian)  the  Character  of  a  moff.  celebra- 
 ted Critick  and  Cafuift.  After  ten  Years  hard  Labour,  by 
 the  Affiflance  of  fome  Noblemen  and  others,  he  publifhed 
 his  Synopfis  Criticorum,  in  five  Folio's.  He  afterwards  en- 
 tred  on  a  Commentary  upon  the  whole  Bible,  but  finifhed 
 no  further  than  the  fifty  third  Chapter  of  Ifaiah  :  However, 
 the  Performance  being  very  valuable,  was  carried  on,  and 
 compleated  bv  other  H?nds.  Mr.  Pool  publifhed  feveral  other 
 Ca!.  corit.  valuab;e  Trea'tifes,  as «« the  Nullity  of  the  Romifh  Faith,  &c." 
 for  which  he  was  threaten'd  to  be  affaflinated  ;  his  Name  be- 
 ing in  Dr.  Oates's  Lift  ;  he  therefore  retired  to  Holland, 
 but  died  (as  it  is  thought)  by  Poifon  at  Amfferdam,  in  the 
 Month  of  Odlober,   1679.  -^Etat.  Fifty  fix. 
 
 Dr.  Thomas  Goodwin,  born  at  Rolifby  in  Norfolk,  and 
 Of  Dr.  educated  in  {Catherine  Hall,  Cambridge.  He  was  a  great 
 Thomas  Admirer  of  Dr.  Prefton,  and  afterwards  himfelf  a  famous 
 Preacher  in  Cambridge.  In  1634,  he  left  the  Univerfity, 
 being  diffatisfied  witn  the  Terms  of  Conformity.  In  1639, 
 he  went  into  Holland,  and  became  Paftorof  an  Independant 
 Congregation  at  Arnheim.  He  returned  to  London  about 
 the  Beginning  of  the  Long  Parliament,  and  was  one  of  the 
 Diflenting  Brethren  in  the  AfTembly  of  Divines.  After  the 
 King's  Death  he  was  made  Prefident  of  Magdalen  College 
 and  one  of  the  Tryets  of  Minifters.  He  was  in  high  Efteem 
 with  Oliver  Cromwel,  and  attended  him  on  his  Death-Bed. 
 In  the  common  Regifter  of  the  Univerfity  he  is  faid  to  be, 
 In    fcriptis    Theologicis  quam   plurimis  orbi  notus,     i.  e 
 
 Well 
 
 Good 
 
 win. 
 
Chap.  X.  of  the  Puritans.  401 
 
 Well  known  to  the  World  by  many  theological  Writings.      King 
 After  the  Restoration  he  was  ejected  from  his  Prefidentfhip,  Cia[^ ! IL 
 and  retired  to  London,  where  he  continued  the  exercife  of  his  ■_J-v— ^ 
 Miniftry  to  his  death,  which  happen'd  Feb.  23.  1679-80.  in 
 the  eightieth  year  of  his  age.     He  was  a  good  Scholar,  and  an 
 eminent  Divine  and  Textuany.     His  works  are  fince  printed 
 in  five  Folio's. 
 
 The  laft  Parliament  being  diflblved  abruptly,  a  new  one 
 was  called  to  aflemble  October  17.  in  which  the  Elections  af1^So' 
 went  pretty  much  as  before,  the  cry  of  the  people  being,  No  titioner* C" 
 Popery,  No  Penfioners,  No  Arbitrary  Government.     But  the  for  the  sit- 
 King  prorogued  them  from  time  to  time  for  above  a  twelve-  '"S  °f  the 
 month,  without  permitting  them  to  do  bufinefs.     His  Majef-  ancj  of-the  * 
 ty  falling  fick  in  the  Summer  the  Duke  of  York  returned  im-  Abhorrers. 
 mediately  to  Court  without  the  King's  leave,  which  alarmed  Eachar^p. 
 the  people,  and  made  them  eager  for  the  fitting  of  the  Parlia- 
 ment to  regulate   the  Succeffion.     This  gave  rife  to  fundry 
 Petitions,  figned  by  great  numbers  of  Hands  both  in  City  and 
 Country,  which  the  King  received  with  the  utmofl  difpleafure 
 telling  the  Petitioners,  "•  that  he  was  fole  Judge  of  what  was 
 "  fit  to  be  done:  You  would  not  take  it  well  (fays  he)  if  I 
 "  mould  meddle  with  your  affairs,  and  I  defire  you  would 
 u  not  meddle  with  mine."     After  this  the  King  iffued  out  Gazette 
 his  Proclamation,  declaring  them  to  be  contrary  to  law,  and  No  1468, 
 forbidding  his  Subjects  topromote'any  Subfcriptions,  or  to  join  MSS- 
 in  any  petitions  of  this  kind  upon  peril  of  the  utmofl  rigor  of 
 the  Law.     Warrants   were  iffued  out  againft  fevcral  of  the 
 Petitioners,  and  an  indictment  preferr'd  againft  others.     But 
 at  the  next  Seflions   of  the  common  Council  of  London, 
 Jan.  21.  the  Court  agreed  that  no  fuch  Petition  fhould  be 
 prelented  from  them  ;  and  the  King  gave  them  thanks  for  it. 
 Upon  which  Counter  AddrefTes  were  promoted  all  over  the  Rumee, 
 Nation,  expreffing  their  debellation  and  abhorrence  of  the  fedi-  P-487« 
 tious  practice  of  the  late  Petitioners,  and  referring  the  fitting  of 
 the  Parliament  abfolutely  to    the  King's  fovereign  pleafure, 
 from  whence  they  obtained  the  name  of  Abhorrers.     In  thefe 
 AddrefTes  they  offer  their  lives  and  fortunes  for  the  prefervati- 
 on  of  his   Majcfty's  Perfon  and   Government,  and   for  the 
 Succsflion  of  the   Duke  of   York.      They    renounce    the 
 right  of  the  fubjects  petitioning,    or  intermeddling  in   affairs 
 of  State,  and  lay  their  liberties  at  the  feet  of  the  prerogative, 
 promifing  to  Hand  by  it,  and  to  be  obedient  without  referve  to 
 his  Majefty's  Commands  ;  all  which  were  printed  in  the  Gaz- 
 zettes,    and  difperfed  over  the  Kingdom.     Upon  this  people 
 were  every  where  in  a  ferment ;  feveral  of  the  Privy  Council 
 
 Vol.  IV.  C  c  deferted 
 
402  The   HISTORY  Vol.  IV. 
 
 K;ng  deferted  their  (rations  at  Court,  and  defired  to  be  excufed 
 r68o.*  t^le'lr  attendance  at  Council ;  fome  in  the  admiralty  laid  down 
 t_  ^  —  >  their  places  ;  and  becaufe  they  might  not  petition,  an  Affoci- 
 ation  was  formed,  and  copied  after  the  example  of  that  in 
 Queen  Elizabeth's  time,  by  fundry  Perfons,  M  for  the  de- 
 "  fence  of  his  Majefty's  perfon,  and  the  fecurity  of  the  Pro- 
 "  teftant  Religion,  and  to  revenge  his  Majefty's  death  upon 
 *  the  Papifls,  if  he  mould  come  to  any  violent  death."  A 
 model  of  which  was  faid  to  be  found  among  the  Earl  of 
 Shaftrbury's  papers.  This  was  refented  very  highly  at  Court, 
 as  done  without  the  Royal  Authority,  and  produced  the 
 next  year,  another  fet  of  ranting  AdJreiTes  from  all  parts  of 
 the  Kingdom,  in  which  their  lives  and  fortunes  were  given  up 
 to  the  King,  and  the  AfTociation  branded  with  the  names  of 
 damnable,  curfed,  execrable,  traiterous,  feditious,  and -a  Bond 
 of  Rebellion,  which  they  deteft  and  abhor  from  their  very 
 Souls ;  in  moft  of  which  the  Non-Conformiftsare  marked  as 
 enemies  of  the  King  and  his  Government,  and  their  Con- 
 venticles as  the  encouragement  and  life  of  the  AiTociations. 
 They  promife  to  ftand  by  the  Duke's  Succeffion,  and  to 
 choofe  fuch  Members  for  the  next  Parliament  as  (hall  do  the 
 King's  buiinefs  according  to  his  mind.  But  notwithstanding 
 all  that  the  Court  could  do,  the  near  approach  of  a  popifh 
 Succellbr  awaken'd  mens  fears,  and  kept  them  upon  their 
 guard, 
 which  gave  The  Petitioners  for  the  fitting  of  the  Parliament,  and  their 
 Whi^and  adverfaries,  the  Abhorrers  of  iuch  Petitions,  gave  rife  to  the 
 Tory.  two  grand  parties  which  have  fince  divided  the  Nation  under 
 
 the  diltinguiihing  names  of  Whig  and  Tory. 
 Of  the  'p^g  Whigs  or  Low  Churchmen  were  the  more  zealous 
 
 Protectants,  declared  enemies  to  Popery,  and  willing  to  re- 
 move to  a  farther  diftance  from  their  fu perditions  ;  they  were 
 firm  to  theConftitution  and  liberties  of  their  Country  ;  and  for 
 an  Union,  or  at  leaft  a  toleration  of  diffenting  Proteftants. 
 The  Clergy  of  this  perfuafion  were  generally  men  of  larger 
 principles,  and  therefore  were  diftinguifhed  by  the  name  of 
 Latitudinarian  Divines :  their  Laity  were  remarkable  for 
 their  zeal  in  promoting  the  Bill  of  Exclusion,  as  the  only  ex- 
 pedient to  fecure  the  Protcltant  Eftablimment  in  this  King- 
 dom. They  were  for  confining  the  Royal  Prerogative  with- 
 ii  the  compafs  of  the  Law,  for  which  reafon  their  adverfaries 
 charged  them  with  republican  Principles,  and  gave  them  the 
 reproachful  name  of  Whigs  or  Sowr  Milk,  a  name  fiift  given 
 to  the  rnoft  rigid  Scots  Covenanters. 
 
 The 
 
 Whigs. 
 
Chap.  X.  of  the  P  u  r  r  t  A  n  s.  403 
 
 The  Tories  or  High  Churchmen  flood  on  (the  fide  of  the     Kins 
 Prerogative,  and  were  for  fetting  the  King  above  Law  ;  they      ^So. 
 went  into  all  the  arbitrary  Court  meafures  and  adopted  into  ■   ■— y-,_j 
 our  Religion  (fays   Dr.  Welwood)   a  Mahometan   principle,  of  the 
 under  the  names  of  Paffive-Obedience  and  Non-Refiftance,  M°^es" 
 which  fince  the  times  of  that  Impoftor,  who  firfl:  broach'd  it,  ,25.' 
 has  been  the  means  to  enflave  a  great  part  of  the  World. 
 Thefe  Gentlemen  leaned  more  to  a  Coalition  with  the  Pa- 
 pifts  than  with  the  Prefbyterians.     They  cried  up  the  name  Burnet, 
 and  authority  of  the  Church,  and  were  for  forcing  the  Non-  S0'1^*  °* 
 Conformifts  to  come  into  it,    by  all  kinds  of  coercive  me-p-I$,  ' 
 thods ;  but  with  all  their  zeal  they  were  generally  perfons  of 
 lax  and  diflblute  morals,  and  would  rifk  the  whole  Proteftant 
 Religion  rather  than  go  into  any  meafures  of  exclufion,  or 
 limitation  of  a  popifh  Succeffor.     Moft  of  the  Clergy  (fays  a 
 Member  of  Parliament)  are  infected  with  the  Laudean  prin- 
 ciples of  raifing  money  without   Parliament  ;  one  or  two 
 Bifliops  give  meafures  to  the  reft,  and  they  to  their  Clergy, 
 fo  that  all  derive  their  politicks  from  one  or  two,  and  are  un- 
 der the  influence  of  an  over-awing  power.     No  Men  did 
 more  to  enflave  the  Nation,  and  introduce  Popery  into  the 
 E.'tablifhment  than   they  ;  their  adverfaries   therefore   gave 
 them  the  name  of  Tories,    a  name  firfl  given  to  Jrifh  Rob- 
 bers, who  lived   upon  plunder,  and  were  prepared  for  any 
 daring  or  villainous  enterprizc. 
 
 The  Non-Conformifts  fell  in  nnanimoufly  with  the  Whigs 
 or  Low  Churchmen  in  all  points  relating  to  liberty  and  the 
 civil  Conftitution,  as  they  muft  always  do  if  they  are  confift- 
 ent  with  themfelves  ;  but  thefe  with  their  allies  were  not  a 
 fufficient  baliance  for  the  Tories,  the  road  to  preferment  be- 
 ing the  other  way  ;  but  they  were  kept  in  heart  with  fome 
 fecret  hopes,  that  by  a  fteady  adherence  to  the  Conftitution 
 they  mould  one  time  or  other  obtain  a  legal  toleration.  If 
 the  Reader  will  keep  in  mind  the  diftinc"rion  between  thefe  two 
 parties,  and  the  fuperior  influence  of  the  Tories  above  the 
 Whigs,  he  will  eafily  account  for  the  feverities  which  befel 
 the  Non-Conformifts  in  the  latter  part  of  this  Reign 
 
 When  the  Parliament   met  October  21.  the  Commons  P™c«?»»e» 
 were  very  warm  m  maintaining  the  Irotcfrant  Religion  and  ment< 
 the  privileges  of  Parliament.     They  affcrted  the  rights  of  the  Rapin,  p.- 
 people  to   petition  for  the  fitting  of  Parliaments,   and  voted  »    L   d 
 the    Abhorrers    betrayers   of  the    liberties    of   the  Nation.  p  99S. 
 Among  other  grievances  they  complained  that  the  edge  of  the 
 penal  Laws  was  turned  againft   Proteftant   DiiTenters,   while 
 the  Papifts  remained  in  a  manner  untouched— — ■"  That  the 
 C  c  2  "  Tcft 
 
4°4 
 
 King 
 
 Charles  II 
 
 1680. 
 
 Bill  of  Ex- 
 clusion, 
 brought  in  a 
 fecond 
 Time. 
 
 We!.  Me- 
 moirs, 
 p.  12,7. 
 
 Attempts 
 for  a  Com- 
 prehenfion. 
 
 Speeches 
 agninlt  it. 
 Eachard, 
 P  999- 
 
 The  HISTORY         Vol.  IV. 
 
 "  Teft  Act  had  little  effect  becaufe  the  Papifts  either  by 
 fi  difpenfations  obtained  from  Rome,  fubmitted  to  thofe 
 "  Tefts,  and  held  their  offices  themfelves  ;  or  thofe  put  in 
 "  their  places  were  fo  favourable  to  the  fame  intereft,  that 
 **  Popery  itfelf  had  rather  gained  than  loft  ground  by  that 
 *'  Act/'  They  declared  for  that  very  Affociation  to  revenge 
 the  King's  death  upon  the  Papifts,  if  his  Majefty  fhould  hap- 
 pen to  be  affamnated,  which  the  Tories  had  abhorred  ;  and  in 
 the  month  of  November  revived  the  Bill  to  difable  the  Duke 
 of  York  from  inheriting  the  Imperial  Crown  of  thefe  Realms. 
 It  was  introduced  by  Lord  Ruffel,  and  paffed  the  Commons 
 by  a  great  majority,  but  was  thrown  out  of  the  Houfe  of 
 Lords  by  a  majority  of  thirty  voices,  No's  fixty  three,  Yea's 
 thirty  three,  the  bench  of  Bifhops  being  in  the  negative,  and 
 the  King  prefent  during  the  whole  debate.  'Tis  faid  King 
 Charles  came  into  the  bill  at  firft,  the  favourite  miftrefs  having 
 prevailed  with  him  to  abandon  his  brother  for  a  large  lum  of 
 money,  and  an  Act  of  Parliament  for  him  to  difpofe  of  the 
 Crown,  by  will  under  certain  reftrictions  ;  but  a  foreign  po- 
 pilh  Court  offering  more  money  he  oppofed  it  to  the  laft. 
 
 The  Parliament  being  inclined  to  relieve  the  Non- 
 Conformifts,  appointed  a  Committe  Nov.  18.  who  agreed 
 upon  a  comprehenfion  with  the  Diffenters  upon  much  the 
 fame  terms  with  thofe  already  mentioned  ;  they  were  to  fub- 
 fcribe  the  doctrinal  articles  of  the  Church  ;  the  Surplice  was  to 
 be  omitted,  except  in  Cathedrals  and  the  King's  Chapel  ;  the 
 Ceremonies  to  be  left  indifferent.  And  as  for  fuch  Proteflants 
 as  could  not  be  comprehended  within  thefe  terms  they  were 
 to  have  a  toleration,  and  freedom  from  the  the  penal  Statutes, 
 upon  condition  of  fubferibing  a  declaration  of  allegiance,  &c. 
 and  of  afiembling  with  open  doors.  Bifhop  Burnet  fays,  The 
 Bill  for  a  comprehenfion  was  offered  by  the  epifcopal  party  in 
 the  Houfe  of  Commons,  but  that  the  friends  of  the  Diffenters 
 did  not  feem  forward  to  promote  it,  becaufe  (as  iVlr.  Baxter 
 obferves)  they  found  the  Bill  would  not  go  ;  or  if  it  had  paf- 
 fed  the  Commons  it  would  have  been  thrown  out  by  the 
 Bifhope  in  the  Houfe  of  Lords  ;  "  the  Clergy  (fays  Keunet) 
 u  being  no  further  in  earneft  than  as  they  apprehended  the 
 u  kaife  of  the  Papifts  at  their  throats.'' 
 
 When  the  above-mentioned  Bill  was  brought  into  the  Houfe 
 December  21.  entituled,  An  Act  for  uniting  his  Majefty's 
 Proteftant  Subjects,  the  firft  gentleman' of  the  Court  party 
 that  fpoke  againft  it,  faid,  "  There  were  a  fort  of  men  who 
 **  would  neither  be  advifed  nor  over- ruled,  but  under  the 
 
 pretence 
 
Chap.  X.         of  the  Puritans.  405 
 
 '<  pretence  of  Confcience  break  violently  through  all  Laws     Kirig 
 "  whatfoever,  to   the   great   difturbance   both  of  Church      "^0  ' 
 "  and  State  ;   therefore  he  thought   it  more  convenient  to 
 "  have  a  Law  for  forcing  the  Diffenters  to  yield  to  the 
 **  Church,    and    not  to    force    the    Church    to  yield    to 
 
 "   them "    Another  faid,    '*    He   was  afraid,    that  if 
 
 "  once  the  Government  fhould  begin  to  yield  to  the  Dif- 
 **  fenters  it  would  be  as  in  Forty  One,  nothing  would  ferve 
 "  but  an  utter  Subverfion  ;  the  receiving  of  one  thing 
 **  would  give  occafion  for  demanding  more  ;  and  it  would 
 "  be  impoffible  to  give  them  any  Satisfaction  without  lay- 
 "  ing  all  open,  and  running  into  confufion."  This  is  the 
 common  Language  of  the  Tories.— —But  then  why  was  not 
 the  Experiment  tried  ?  Has  the  Church  ever  moved  a  pin, 
 or  abated  a  fingle  ceremony,  to  gain  over  the  whole  Body 
 of  the  Non-conformifts  ?  There  has  been  a  loud  cry  a- 
 gainft  them  for  their  obftinacy  and  preverfenefs,  but  not  a 
 fingle  concefTion  has  been  offered  fince  the  Reftoration,  to 
 let  the  World  fee  how  far  they  would  yield  ;  or  by  receiv- 
 ing a  denial  to  get  an  opportunity  to  reproach  them  with 
 greater  advantage.  But  in  favour  of  the  Bill  it  was  faid 
 by  others,  "  That  it  was  intended  for  the  prefervation  of  Others  in 
 "  the  Church,  and  the  beft  Bill  that  could  be  made  in  or-  ??' 
 ?  der  thereto,  all  circumftances  confidered — >. — If  we  are 
 "  to  deal  with  a  ftubborn  fort  of  People,  who  in  many 
 "  times  prefer  their  humour  before  reafon,  or  their  own 
 "  fafety,  or  the  publick  good,  this  is  a  very  good  time  to 
 "  fee  whether  they  will  be  drawn  by  the  cords  of  Love 
 "  or  no.  The  Bill  will  be  very  agreeable  to  that  Chriftian 
 **  Charity  which  our  Church  profeiTes  ;  and  it  may  be 
 "  hoped  that  in  the  time  of  this  imminent  danger  they 
 <f  will  confider  their  own  fafety,  and  the  fafety  of  the  Pro- 
 "  teftant  Religion,  and  no  longer  keep  a-foot  the  unhap- 
 "  py  divifions  among  us,  on  which  the  Papifts  ground  their 
 **  hopes ;  but  when  they  fee  the  Church  fo  far  conde- 
 "  fcend,  as  to  difpenfe  with  the  Surplice,  and  thofe  other 
 u  things  they  fcruple,  that  they  will  fubmit  to  the  reft 
 "  which  are  enjoined  by  Law,  that  fo  we  may  unite  a- 
 "  gainft  the  common  Enemy.  But  if  this  Bill  fhould  not 
 "  have  the  defired  effe£t,  but  on  the  contrary  the  Dif- 
 "  fenters  fhould  continue  their  animofities  and  difobedience 
 "  to  the  Church,  I  think  ftill  the  Church  will  gain  much 
 "  hereby,  and  leave  the  party  without  excufe~« — ■"  This 
 feems  agreeable  to  reafon. 
 
 Cc  3  But 
 
 favour  of 
 
40  6 
 
 The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y         Vol.  IV. 
 
 Kl'"g  But  though  the  Bill  for  a  Comprehenfion  was   commit- 
 
 Ch,agg^IL  ted,  it  did  not  pafs  the  Houfe,  but  was  changed  for  an- 
 ^_,— v— ' _j  nthpr]  entituled,  "  An  Act  to  exempt  his  Majefty's  Pro- 
 It  is  loft,  <*  teflant  Subjects,  difTenting  from  the  Church  of  Eng- 
 *"*]*  "  land,  from  the  Penalties  impofed   upon  the   Papifls   by 
 
 Toleration.  "  the  Act  of  35th  Eliz."  This  terrible  Law  had  lain  dor- 
 or  eafing  nant  almofl  eighty  years,  but  was  now  revived,  and  threa- 
 them  from  tenecj  to  be  pUt  jn  Execution  by  the  Tories.  The  Repeal 
 ties  of  35  pafled  the  Houfe  of  Commons  with  a  high  Hand,  but  went 
 Eliz-  heavily  through  the  Houfe  of  Lords  ;    the  Bifhops  appre- 
 
 mtioduced.    hencijng  tnat  tne  terror  of  the  Law  might  be  of  fome  ufe 
 p.  494!        while  in  force  :    But  when  it  mould  have  been  offered  for 
 Withdrawn  the  Royal  AfTent  at  the  clofe  of    the  Seflion,  it  was  mif- 
 by  the  clerk  fmg,  and  never  heard  of  any  more,  the  Clerk  of  the  Crown 
 Crown         having  withdrawn  it  from  the  Table,  by  the  King's  parti- 
 cular Order.     The  King   (fays  Burnet)  had  no  mind  open- 
 ly to  deny  the  Bill,  but  lefs  mind  to  pafs  it,  and  therefore 
 this  illegal   method  was  taken,  which  was  an  high  offence 
 in  the  Officer  of  the  Houfe,  and  would  have  been  fevere- 
 ly  punifhed  in  the  next  Seflion,  if  the  Parliament  had  not 
 been  abruptly  diflblved.     Thus  the  Non-conformifls  were 
 fawn  to   pieces  between  the  King,    the  Bifhops  and   the 
 Parliament  ;    when  one  party  was  willing  to  give  them  re- 
 lief, the  other  always  flood  in  the  way.     The  Parliament 
 was  their  Enemy  for  above   twelve  years,  and  now  They 
 are  foftened,  the  King  and  the  Court  Bifhops  are  inflexible, 
 and  his  Majefly  will  rather  break  the  Conftitution  in  pieces, 
 than  exempt  them  from  the  old  Law  which  threatened  them 
 with  banifhment  and  death. 
 Votes  of  me      However,  the  Morning  before  the  Houfe  was  prorogued, 
 Each'aid."  '  'January  10,  two  Votes  were  paffed  of  a  very  extraordina- 
 ry nature.     "   1.  Refolved  Nemine  Contradicente,  that  it 
 "  is  the  opinion  of  this   Houfe,  That  the  Acl:s  of  Parlia- 
 "  ment  made  in  the  Reigns  of  Queen  Elizabeth  and  King 
 **  James  againft  Popifh  Recufants  ought  not  to  be  extend- 
 ct  ed   againft  Proteflant  DifTenters.     2.  Refolved,  That  it 
 "  is  the  opinion  of  this  Houfe,  That  the   Profecution  of 
 "  Proteflant   DifTenters  upon   the   Penal  Laws  is  at   this 
 "  time    grievous  to  the  Subject,  a  weakening   the  Prote- 
 "  flant  Interefl,  an  encouragement  to  Popery,  and  dange- 
 p.  49S*        "  rous   to  the  Peace  of  the  Kingdom."      Bifhop  Burnet 
 fays  this  was  thought  an  Invafion  of  the  Legiflature,   when 
 one  Houfe  pretended  to  fufpend  the  execution  of  the  Laws, 
 which  was  to  act  like  Dictators  in   the  State.     But  with  all 
 
 due 
 
Chap.  X.        of  the  P  u  R  i  t  a  n  s.  407 
 
 due  Submiflion  I  fhould  think  that  a  Houfe  of  Commons, 
 which  is  not  fuffered  to  fit  and  repeal  Laws,  or  when  they 
 have  repealed  them  have  their  Bills,  withdrawn  illegally  by 
 the  Crown,  may  have  liberty  to  declare  the  continuance 
 of  thofe  Laws  burdenfome  to  the  State.  They  mult  do 
 fo  (fays  Mr.  Coke)  in  order  to  a  Repeal.  If  the  Bill  for  P-  S6x 
 the  Repeal  of  the  old  Popifh  Act  de  Haeretico  comburendo 
 for  burning  Hereticks,  which  the  Parliament  were  afraid 
 might  be  revived  in  a  Popifh  Reign,  had  been  loft  in  this 
 manner,  might  not  the  Paiiiament  have  declared  the  execu- 
 tion of  that  Law  a  weakening  to  the  Proteftant  Intereft,  or 
 dangerous  to  the  Peace  of  the  Kingdom  ? 
 
 But  while  the  Parliament  was  endeavouring  to  relieve  the  Dr.  Stilling- 
 Diflenters,  and  charging  the  Miferies  of  the  Kingdom  upon  flee.f  ^'!tes 
 the  Papifls,  many  of  the  Bifhops  and  Clergy  of  the  Church  Diflenters. 
 of  England  were  pleafed  to  fee  the  Court  enclined  to  pro- 
 fecute  the  Non-conformifts.     The   Clergy  in  general  (fays  p.  276. 
 Rapin)  were  attached  to  the  Court ;  Men  of  doubtful   Re- 
 ligion were  promoted,  and  there  wasreafon  to  charge  them 
 with  leaning  to  Popery.     Even  fome  of  the  better  fort  who 
 writ  againft  Popery,  went  fo  far  into  the  Court  Meafures  as 
 to  charge  the  calamities  of   the  times  upon   the  Non-con- 
 formifts ;  and  to  raife  the  cry  of  the  populace  againft  them. 
 Dr.  Edward  Stillingfleet,  who  had  writ  an  Irenicum  in  fa- 
 vour of  Liberty,  and   againft  Impofitions,  now  turned  a- 
 bout,  and  in  his   Sermon  before  the  Lord  Mayor,  May  2. 
 intituled,  "  TheMifchief  ot  Separation,"  condemned  all  the 
 DifTenters  as  Schifmaticks  ;    and  very  gravely  advifed  them 
 not   to   complain  of  perfecution.     When    the  Sermon  was  Various 
 publifhed  it  brought  upon  the  Doctor  feveral  learned  Ad-  Amwers  to 
 verfaries,  as  Mr.  Baxter,  Mr.  Alfop,  Mr.  Howe,  Mr.  Bar-   ls  <"rmon' 
 ret,  and  Dr.  Owen  ;    from   which   laft  Divine,  who  writ 
 with  great  Temper  and  Serioufnels,  I  will  venture  to  tran- 
 scribe the  following  paffage,  without  entering  into  the  argu- 
 gument  :     "   After  fo  many  of  the  Non-conformifts  died 
 "  in  common   Goals  (fays  the  Doctor)  fo  many  have  en-  p.  53,  54* 
 "  dured  long  imprifonments,  not  a  few  being  at  this  day 
 "  in  the  fame  durance  ;  fo  many  driven  from  their  Habi- 
 "  tions  into  a  wandering  condition  to  preferve  for  a  while 
 "  the   Liberty  of  their  Perfons  ;  fo  many  have  been  redu- 
 4<  ced  to  want  and  penury  by  the  taking  away  their  goods, 
 t£  and  from  jbme  the  very  Inftruments  of  their  Livelihood. 
 ",  After  the   Profecution  that  has  been  againft  them  in  all 
 "  Courts  of  Juftice  in  this  Nation,  on  Informations,  In- 
 "  di&ments,  and  Suits,    to   the  great  Charge  of  all  who 
 C  c  4  "  have 
 
4°8  The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y         Vol.  IV. 
 
 K'ns      «■  have  been  fo  perfecuted,  and  the  ruin  of  fome.     After 
 1680.  "    "  f°  many  Minifters  and  their  Families  have  been  brought 
 t_-v — ,,j  "  into  the  utmoft  outward  Straits  which  Nature  can  fub- 
 "  fift  under ;  after  all   their  perpetual  Fears  and  Dangers 
 "  wherewith    they  have   been   exercifed    and  difquieted, 
 "  they  think  it  hard  to  be  cenfured  for  Complaining,  by 
 Collyer.  p.   "  them  who  are  at  eafe."     The  Doctor   endeavoured  to 
 900.  fupport  his  Charge  by  the  Suffrage  of  the  French  Presby- 
 
 terians ;    and  Compton  Bifhop  of    London  writ  to  Mon- 
 fieur  Le  Moyne,  and  feveral  others,  for  their  opinions,  as 
 if  Truth  was  to  be  determined  by  Numbers  ;   or  as  if  the 
 Englifh   Prefbyterians  could  pay  a  van:  deference  to  their 
 Judgments,  who  had  fo  deceived  them  at  the  Reftoration. 
 The  Miniflers,  after  high  drains  of  compliments   to  the 
 Englifh  Bifhops,  declared,  that  they  were  of  opinion,  their 
 Brethren  might  comply;  and,    that  l<  They  were  not  for 
 '  '*  pufhing  things  to  extremity  only  for  a  different  Form  of 
 "  Government."     Which  the   Dofior  and  his  Friends  in- 
 terpreted as  a  decifion  in  their  favour.     But  did  not  the  Bi- 
 fhops pufh  things  to  extremity,  by  enforcing  the  fanguina- 
 ry  Laws  ?    Were  thefe  Proteftant  methods  of  converfion  ? 
 The  French  Miniflers  complained  fufficiently  of  this  about 
 five  years  after,  at  the  Revocation  of  the  Edi£t  of  Nantz  ; 
 I°i89.        and  Bifo°P  Burnet  adds  of  Dr.  Stillingfleet,  That  he  not 
 only  retracted  his  Irenicum,  but  went  into  the  humours  of 
 the  high  fort  of  People  beyond  what  became  him,  perhaps 
 "  Beyond  his  his  own  fenfe  of  things." 
 p^th  This  year  died  Mr.   Stephen  Charnock,  B.  D.  firft  of 
 
 of  Mr.  Emanuel  College,  Cambridge  ;  and  afterwards  Fellow  of 
 Charnock  j^ew  College,  Oxford.  He  was  Chaplain  to  Henry  Crom- 
 wel  Lieutenant  of  Ireland,  and  was  much  refpe&ed  by  the 
 Gentry,  and  Perfons  of  Quality  in  the  City  of  Dublin,  for 
 his  Gentleman-like  behaviour.  After  the  Reftoration  he  re- 
 turned into  England,  and  became  Paftor,  of  a  feparate  Con- 
 gregation in  London,  where  he  was  admired  by  the  more 
 judicious  part  of  his  Hearers,  tho'  not  popular,  becaufe  of  / 
 his  disadvantageous  way  of  reading  with  a  Glafs  :  He  was  an 
 eminent  Divine,  and  had  a  good  Judgment,  a  curious  fan- 
 cy, a  ftron.g  manner  of  reafoning,  as  appears  by  his  works 
 printed  fince  his  death  in  two  Volumes  Folio  ;  which  were 
 no  other  than  his  common  Sermons  tranfcribed  from  his 
 Notes  ;  his  Stile  is  manly  and  lofty,  and  his  Thoughts  fub- 
 lime :  His  love  and  charity  were  very  extenfive,  and  there 
 was  no  part  of  learning  but  he  was  acquainted  with.  He 
 died  July  27,  1680.  aged  fifty  two. 
 
 The 
 
Chap 
 
 .  X.  of  the  Puritans.  409 
 
 The  King  having  parted  with  his  laft  Parliament  in  dif-       King 
 pleafure,  without   being  able  to  obtain   any  Money,    re-  Cha^    H* 
 folved  once  more  to  try  a  new  one  ;    and  apprehending  ^_,_  -  _f 
 that  the   Malecontents  were  encouraged  by  the  neighbour-       i68j. 
 hood  of  the  City  of  London,  he  (ummoned  them  to  meet  The  Oxford 
 at  Oxford  ;    the  Members  for  London   being  the  fame  as  Eacha^T"1' 
 before,  had   a  Paper  put    into  their  Hands  by   four  Mer-  p.  iooz.  ' 
 chants,  in  the  Name  of  all  the  Citizens  then  affembled  in  RaP'n» 
 Common  Hall,   containing  a  return  of  their  moll  hearty  p  a  * 
 thanks  for  their  faithful  and  unwearied  endeavours  in   the 
 two  lafl:  Parliaments  to  fearch  into  the  depth  of  the  Popifti 
 Plot,  to  preferve   the  Proteftant  Religion,  to  promote  an 
 Union  among  his  Majefty's  Proteftant  Subjects,  to  repeal 
 the  35th  of  Elizabeth,  and  the  Corporation   Act,  and  to 
 promote  the  Bill  of  Exclufion,  and  to  requeft  ftieir  continu- 
 ance of  the  fame.     The  Members  being  afraid  of  violence 
 were  attended  to  Oxford  with   a  numerous  Body  of  Horfe 
 having  Ribbons  in  their  Hats,  with  thefe  words,  No  Pope- 
 ry ;  No  Slavery  ;    the  Citizens  having  promifed   to  (land 
 by  them  with  their  Lives  and  Fortunes.     Many  other  pa- 
 pers of  the  like  nature  were  prefented  to  the  Members  in 
 the  feveral  Counties.     The  King  in  his  Speech  at  the  open- 
 ing the  Seflions,  March  21.  reflected   feverely  on  the  lafl: 
 Parliament,  and  faid,  "  He  was  refolved  to  maintain  the 
 "  SuccefTion  of  the  Crown  in  the  right  Line,"  but  for  quiet- 
 ing People's  Fears  he  was  willing  to  put  the  Adminiftration 
 into  the  hands  of  a  Proteftant  Regent ;  but  the  Commons  They  revive 
 rejected  the  Propofal,  to  the  inexpreffible  joy  of  the  Duke's  the  Bi" of 
 Party,  and  ordered  the  Bill  of  Exclufion  to  be  brought  in  j^tW  Pro- 
 again.     In  the  mean  time  a  motion  was  made  to  confider  ceedings 
 of  the  Lofs  of  the  Bill  in  favour  of  the  Diflenters  lafl:  Par-  abo^  the 
 liament.     Sir  William  Jones  faid,  "  The  Bill  was  of  great  ;ng  the    ' 
 "  moment  and  fervice   to  the  Country,  and  might  be  to  Toleration 
 li  their  Lives,  in  the  time  of  a  Popifh  Succeflbr ;  but  be  Bl11, 
 "  the  Bill  what  it  will,  the  Precedent  was  of  the  higheft 
 "  confequence  ;    the  King  has  a  Negative  to  all  Bills,  but 
 
 "  fbrely  the  Clerk  of  the  Parliament  has  not. If  this 
 
 '*  way  be  found  out,  that  Bills  lhall  be  thrown  by,  it  may 
 *'  hereafter  be  faid,  they  were  forgot  and  laid  by,  and  fo  we 
 "  will  Tiever  know  whether  the  King  would   pafs  them  or 
 
 "  no  :  If  this  be  fuffered  'tis  in  vain  to  fpend  time  here " 
 
 In  conclufion  this  affair  was  referred  to  a  Conference  with 
 the  Houfe  of  Lords,  which  was  fruftrated  by  the  hafty 
 diflblution  of  the  Parliament. 
 
 They 
 
4JO 
 
 King 
 Charles  II. 
 
 Ptet  de- 
 fined a- 
 gainft  the 
 Di  (tenters. 
 
 Burnet, 
 
 P-  49  7- • 
 
 ]£achard. 
 
 Hk  Libel. 
 
 The  HISTORY 
 
 Vol.  IV. 
 
 They  next  went  upon  the  Libel  of  one  Fitz-Harris  an 
 Irifh  Papift,  which  was  a  fecond  Meal  Tub  Plot,  promoted 
 in  the  Name  of  the  Non-conformifls  ;  the  Libel  was  to  be 
 fent  by  penny  pofl  Letters  to  the  Lords  who  had  protefted 
 in  favour  of  the  Bill  of  Exclufion,  and  to  the  leading  Men, 
 in  the  Houfe  of  Commons,  who  were  immediately  to  be 
 taken  up  and  fearched.  Everard,  who  was  Fitz-Harris's 
 Confident,  and  betrayed  the  fecret,  affirmed,  That  the 
 King  himfelf  was  privy  to  it,  as  Fitz-Harris's  Wife  averred 
 to  a  Perfon  of  Worth  many  years  after  ;  that  his  Majefly 
 had  given  Fitz-Harris  Money,  and  promifed  him  more  if  it 
 met  with  fuccefs.  The  Libel  was  to  traduce  the  King  and 
 Royal  Family  as  Papifls,  and  arbitrarily  affected  from  the 
 beginning,  and  fays,  that  King  Charles  I.  had  a  hand  in 
 
 the  Irifh.  Rebellion That  the  A6t  forbidding  to  call 
 
 the  King  a  Papifl  was  only  to  flop  Men's  Mouths,  and  that 
 it  was  as  much  in  the  power  of  the  People  to  depofe  a  Po- 
 pifh  Pofleflbr  as  a  Popifh  SuccefTor.  It  was  entituled,  the 
 ei  True  Englishman  fpeaking  plain  Englifh  j"  and  adds,  "  If 
 "  James  be  confcious  and  guilty,  Charles  is  fo  too  ;  be- 
 "  lieve  me,  thefe  too  Brothers  in  iniquity  are  in  confede- 
 <c  racy  with  the  Pope  and  the  French  to  introduce  Popery 
 "  and  arbitrary  Government,  and  to  caft  off  Pailiaments, 
 *'  Magna  Charta,  and  the  Liberty  .of  the  Subject,  as  hea- 
 "  vy  Yokes,  and  to  be  as  arbitrary  as  the  King  of  France 
 
 " Let  the  Englifh  move   and  rife  as  one  Man  to  felf- 
 
 "  defence  ;  blow  the  trumpet,  fland  on    your   guard,  and 
 
 "  withftand  them  as  Bears   and  Tigers Trull   to  yoUr 
 
 "  Swords  in  defence  of  your  Lives,  Liberties  and  Religi- 
 "  on,  like  the  flout  Earl  of  old,  who  told  his  King,  if  he 
 "  could  not  be  defended  by  Magna  Charta,  he  would  be 
 '*  relieved  by  Longa  Spada."  He  goes  on  to  reproach 
 the  King  with  the  Breach  of  his  Scots  Oaths,  Breda  Pro- 
 mifes,  Proteflant  Profeffion,  Liberty  of  Confcience,  as  de- 
 figned  only  to  delude  Proteflants  ;  and  puts  him  in  mind 
 of  all  his  political  and  moral  Vices,  as  intended  to  de- 
 bauch the  Nation,  to  promote  the  Popifh  Religion  and 
 Arbitrary  Government,  &rc.  Thus  were  the  Non-con- 
 formifls  to  be  expofed  again  to  the  Refentments  of  the 
 Nation ;  but  when  the  Sham  was  difcovered  to  the  Houfe 
 of  Commons  by  Sir  William  Waller,  he  had  the  thanks 
 of  the  Houfe,  and  Fitz-Harris,  though  impeached  in  Par- 
 liament, was  tried  by  a  Jury,  and  executed  with  Dr. 
 Plunket  the  titular  Primate  of  Ireland.     The  Whigs  would 
 
 have 
 
Chap.  X.  *      of  the  Puritans,  411 
 
 have  faved  Fitz-Harris,  though  a  Papift,  in  hopes  of  his  be-     King 
 ing  an  Evidence  in  the  Popifh  Plot  ;  but  the  Court  refolv-  Ch"*™  II# 
 ed  to  difpatch  him  out  of  the  way,  that  he  might  tell  no  ^_J— ^- '  _f 
 more  Tales. 
 
 The  King  hearing  that  the  Bill  of  Exclufion  was  to  be  He  ;s  exe. 
 brought  into   the   Houfe  again,    went  fuddenly,    and  not  cuted. 
 very  decently  (fays  Burnet)  to  the  Houfe  of  Lords  in  a  Se^  ^d,en. 
 dan,  with  the  Crown  between  his  feet,  and  having  put  ort  0fthe  par. 
 his  Robes   in  hafte,  called  up  the  Commons  and  diffolved  liament. 
 his  fifth  and  laft   Parliament,  after  they  had  fat   but  feven  Burnet» 
 days.     As  foon  as  his  Majefty  got  out  of  the  Houfe  he  rid 
 away  in  all  hafte  to  Windfor,  as  one  that  was  glad  he  had  got 
 rid  of  his  Parliament,  which  was  the  laft,   that  he  called  ; 
 though  he   lived  three  or  four  years  after.     Here  was  an 
 end  of  the   Conftitution  and  Liberties  of  England  for  the 
 prefent  ;  all  that  followed  to  the  King's  Death  was  no  more 
 than  the  Convulfions  and  Struggles  of  a  dying  Man.     The 
 King  raifed  what  Money  he  wanted  without  Parliaments  ; 
 he  took  away  all  the  Charters  of  England,  and  governed 
 abfolutely  by  his  fovereign  Pleafure.     April  the  8th  the  King 
 publiihed   "  A  Declaration  to  all  his  loving  Subjects,  touch-  fine's  Dc- 
 "  ing  the  caufes  and  reafons  that  moved  him  to  diflblve  the  claration  of 
 "•  two  laft  Parliaments  ;"  and  ordered  it  to   be  read  in  all  Reafons 
 the  Churches  and  Chapels  throughout  England.     It  contains  or  !t"    ' 
 a  recital  of  his   Majefty' s  Condefcenfions  for  the  fecurity  of 
 the   Proleftant  Religion,    "   as  far  as  was  confiftent  with 
 "  the  Crown  in  the  lineal  Defcent ;"  and  a  large  rehearfal 
 
 of  the  unfuitable  returns  of  the  Commons. "  But  not- 
 
 "  withftanding  all  this  (fays  his  Majefty)  let  not  thefe  Men, 
 "  who  are  labouring  to  poifon  our  people  with  Common- 
 "  wealth  Principles,  perfuade  any  of  our  Subjects  that  we 
 u  intend  to  lay  aiide  the  ufe  of  Parliaments,  for  we  ftill 
 te  declare,  that  no  irregularities  in  Parliaments  mail  make 
 "  us  out  of  love  with  them  ;  and  we  are  refolved,  by  the 
 "  BlefTing  of  God,  to  have  frequent  Parliaments  ;"  and 
 yet  he  never  called  another.  Several  anonymous  remarks 
 were  made  upon  this  Declaration  to  weaken  its  influence. 
 But  the  Court  ufed  all  their  intereft  among  the  people  to  fup- 
 port  it  :  Addreffes  were  fent  from  all  parts,  thanking  the 
 King  for  his  Declaration,  promifing  to  fupport  his  Majefty's 
 Perfon  and  Government  with  their  Lives  and  Fortunes. 
 Moft  of  them  declared  againft  the  Bill  of  Exclufion,  and  for 
 the  Duke's  Succeflion  (as  has  been  obferved.)  Some  ven-  Burnet,  p. 
 tured  to  arraign  the  late  Parliament,  as  guilty  of  Sedition  5°°>  So6« 
 and  Treafon,  and  to  pray  his  Majefty  to  put  in  Execution 
 
 the 
 
4i2  The  HISTORY  Vol.  IV. 
 
 the  Statute  of  35  Eliz.  againft  the  Non-conformifts.     The 
 Grand  Juries,  the  Bench  of  Juftices  in  the  Counties,  Bo- 
 roughs, and  Corporations  over  England,  the  Companies  in 
 Towns,  and    at  laft  the  very  Apprentices,  fent  up  addref- 
 fes.     Thofe  that  brought  them  were  well  treated  at  Court, 
 and  fome  of  them  knighted.     Many  zealous  healths  were 
 drank,  and  in  their  cups  the  fwaggerings  of  the  old  Cava- 
 lier feemed  to  be  revived.     One  of  the  moft  celebrated  Ad- 
 drefles  was  from  the  Univerfity  of  Cambridge,  prefented 
 by   Dr.   Gower,  Mailer   of  St.  John's,   which   (hall  give 
 Amkefs         tne  Reader  a  Specimen  of  the  reft.     It  begins  thus,  *'■  Sa- 
 from  the       "  cred  Sir  !    We  your  Majefty's  moft  faithful  and  obedi- 
 Un'v«f>ty  of  <<  ent   Subjects  have  long,    with   the  greateft  and  fmcereft 
 c '    "   Joy,  beheld  the  generous  Emulation  of  our  Fellow-fub- 
 "  jecls,  contending  who  mould  beft  exprefs  their  Duty  to 
 "  their  Sovereign  at   this  time,    when  the  feditious  Endea- 
 "  vours  of  unreafonable  Men  have  made  it  neceffary  to  af- 
 
 f  fert  the  antient  Loyalty  of  the  Englifli  Nation. — 
 
 '*  It  is  at  prefent  the  great  honour  of  this  your  Univerfi- 
 44  ty,  not  only  to  be  ftedfaft  and  conftant  in  our  Duty  but 
 M  to  be  eminently  fo,  and  to  fufFer  for  it  as  much  as  the  ca- 
 **  lumnies  and  reproaches  of  factious  and  malicious  Men 
 "  can  inflict  upon  us.  And  that  they  have  not  proceeded 
 "  to  fequeftration  and  plunder,  as  heretofore,  next  to  the 
 "  over-ruling  Providence  of  Almighty  God,  is  only  due 
 "  to  the  Royal  Care  and  Prudence  of  your  moft  facred 
 M  Majefty,   who  gave  fo  feafonable  a  check  to  their  arbi- 
 
 "  trary  and  infolent   undertakings. We  ftill  believe 
 
 *'  and  maintain,  that  our  Kings  derive  not  their  power 
 "  from  the  People,  but  from  God  ;  that  to  him  only  they 
 i(  are  accountable ;  that  it  belongs  not  to  Subjects  either 
 "  to  create  or  cenfure,  but  to  honour  and  obey  their  So- 
 "  vereign,  who  comes  to  be  fo  by  a  fundamental,  heredi- 
 "  tary  right  of  SuccefTion,  which  no  Religion  no  Law, 
 "  no  Fault  or  Forfeiture  can  alter  or  diminifh  ;  nor  will 
 "  we  abate  of  our   well  inftru&ed  Zeal  for  the  Church 
 
 "  of  England  as  by  Law  eftablifhed. Thus  we  have 
 
 "  learned  our  own,  and  thus  we  teach  others  their  Duty  to 
 
 *'  God  and   the  King "     His  Majefty   difcovered  an 
 
 unufual  Satisfaction  on  this  occafion,  and  after  having  re- 
 turned them  thanks,  was  pleafed  to  add,  "  That  no  other 
 *'  Church  in  the  World  taught  and-  pra6lifed  Loyalty  fo 
 *'  confcientioufly  as  they  did. 
 
 As 
 
Chap.  X.  of  the  Puritans,  413 
 
 As  fuch.abjeft  and  fervile  flattery  could  not  fail  of  plea-      Kins 
 fing  the  King,  it  muft  neceflarily  rain  down  Vengeance  on      ^81.  * 
 the  Non-conformifts,   who  joined  in  none  of  their  addref-  ^~v~x^ 
 fes,  but  were  doomed  to  fuffer  under  a  double  character,  as  Perfecutien 
 Whigs,  and  as  Diffenters.     u   This  (fays   Bifhop  Burnet)  jjjjj ^ 
 "  was   fet  on  by  the  Papifts,  and   it  was  wifely  done   of  ved  by  order 
 u  them,  for  they  knew  how  much  the  Non-conformifts  »f  the  King 
 "  were  let  againft  them.     They  made  ufe  alfo  of  the  indi-  and  ^ourt> 
 fi  fcreet  Zeal  of  the  High  Church  Clergymen  to  ruin  them, 
 "  which  they  knew  would  render  the  Clergy   odious,    and 
 fl  give  the  Papifts  great  advantage  when  opportunity  oF- 
 "  fered."     The  times  were  boifterous  and  ftormy  ;    fham 
 plots  were  contrived,  and  warrants  iffued  out  againft  the 
 Leaders  of  the  Whig  party  for  feditious  Language ;  Shaftf- 
 bury,    now  called   the  Proteftant  Earl,    was  fent  to   the 
 Tower,  and   Stephen  College,   the  Proteftant  Joiner,    was 
 carried   to  Oxford,  and  hanged,  after  the   Grand  Jury  in 
 London  had   brought  in   their  Bill  Ignoramus.     WitnefTes 
 were   brought  over  from  Ireland,  and   employed  to  fwear 
 away  Men's  Lives.     The  Court   intended  to  fet    them  to 
 fwear  againft  all  the  hot  party,  which  was  plainly  Murder 
 in  them  who  believed  them  falfe    WitnefTes  (fays   Burnet) 
 and  yet   made  ufe  of  them    to  deftroy  others.     Spies  were  p.  501,  505, 
 planted  in  all  CofFee-Houfes,  to  furnifh  out  Evidences  for  s°6' 
 the  WitnefTes.     Mercenary  Juftices   were  put    into  Com- 
 mifTion    all  over  the   Kingdom  ;  Juries  were   packed  ;  and 
 with  regard  to  the  Non-conformifts,  Informers  of  the  vileft 
 of  the  People  were  countenanced  to  a  fhameful  degree,  in- 
 fomuch   that  the  Goals  were   quickly  filled  with  prifoners, 
 and  large   Sums  of  Money  extorted  from  the  Induftry  and 
 Labour  of  honeft  Men,  and  put  into  the  hands  of  the  moil 
 profligate  Wretches  in  the  Nation. 
 
 The  Jufticesof  Middlefex  fhewed  great  forwardnefs,  and  Ordersot 
 reprefented  to  his  Majefty  in  December,    "  That  an  Inti-  the  KinS 
 "  mation  of  his  Pleafure  was  necefTary  at  this  time  to  the  e^c^-j1101 
 "  putting  the  Laws  in  Execution  againft  Conventicles,  be- 
 *'.  caufe    when   a  charge   was  lately  given    at  the  Council 
 "  Board  to  put  the  Laws  in  Execution  againft  Popifh  Re- 
 "  cufants  no  mention  was  made  of  fupprefting  Conventi- 
 *'  cles."      Upon  this  his  Majefty  commanded  the   Lord 
 Mayor,  Aldermen,  and   Juftices,  to  ufe  their  utmoft  endea- 
 vour to  fupprefs  all  Conventicles  and  unlawful  Meetings, 
 upon  pretence  of  religious  Worfhi p,  for   it   was  his   exprefs 
 Pleafure,  that   the  Laws    be   effectually   put  in  Execution 
 againft  them,  both  in  City  and  Country.     Accordingly  the 
 
 Juftices 
 
4i4  The  HISTORY        Vol.  IV. 
 
 Jufticcs  of  Peace  at  their  feflions  at  Hickes's  Hall,  Jan.  13. 
 order'd,  "  That  whereas  the  Conftables  and  Church- War- 
 "  dens,    &c  of  every  Parifh  and  Precinfl  within  the  faid 
 "  County,  had  been  enjoined  laft  feflions  to  make  a  return 
 "  the  firti    Day  of  this,   of  the  names  of  the  Preachers  in 
 "  Conventicles,  and  the  moft  confiderable  frequenters  of  the 
 •'  fame  within  their  feveral  limits ;  which  order  not  being  o- 
 "  beved,  but  contemned  by  fome,  it  was  therefore  by  the 
 "  Juftices  then  afTembled  defired,   that  the  Lord  Bifhop  of 
 "  London  will  pleafe  to  direct  thofe  Officers  which  are  under 
 le  bis  jurifdidtion,   to  ufe  their  utmoft  diligence,  that  all  fuch 
 *'  perfons  may  be  excommunicated  ,  who  commit  crimes  de- 
 "  fervingthe  Ecclefiaftical  Cenfure  ;  and  that  the  faid  Ex- 
 "  communications   may  be  publifhed  in  the  Parifhes  where 
 "  the  perfons  live,  that  they   may  be  taken  notice  of,  and 
 "  be  obvious  to  the  penalties  that  belong  to  perfons  excom- 
 "  municare,  (viz)     •'  Not  to  be  admitted  for  a  Witnefs,  or 
 "  returned  upon  Juries,  or  capable  of  fuing  for  any  debt." 
 They  further  ordered   at  the  fame  time,  "  That  the  Statute 
 "  of  the  firft  of  Eliz.  and  third  of  King  James,  be  put  in  due 
 "  Execution,  for  the  levying  twelve  pence  per  Sunday  upon 
 "  fuch  perfons  who  repaired  not  to  divine  Service  and  Ser- 
 "  mons  at  their  Parifh,  or  fomeother  publick Church.''     All 
 which  (fays  Mr.  Eachard)  made  way  for  all  forts  of  profecu- 
 tions  both  in  City  and  Country,  which  in  many  places  were 
 carried  on  with  great  fpight  and  feverity,  where  there  never 
 wanted  bufy  Agents  and  Informers,  of  which  a  few  were  fuf- 
 ficient  to  put  the  Laws  in  Execution  j  fo  that  the  DifTenters 
 this  year,  and  much  longer  (fays  he)  met  with  cruel  and  un- 
 chriftian  ufage  ;  which  occafioned  great  complaints  among 
 the  people,  and  fome  fevere  reflections  on  the  King  himfelf! 
 It  was  not  in  the  power  of  the  Church- Whigs  to  relieve 
 feww'of  "  the  Non-Conformifts,  nor  deliver  them   from  the  edge  of 
 DiiVenteis.     the  penal  Laws,   which  were  in  the  hands  of  their  enemies. 
 All  that  could  be  done  was  to   encourage  their  confrancv, 
 and    to  write   fome  companionate  Treatifes   to   move  the 
 people  in  their  favour,    by  (hewing  them,  that  while  they 
 were  plundering  and   deftroying  their  Protectant  di(Tenting 
 Neighbours  they  were  cutting  the   Throat  of  the  whole  re- 
 formed Religion,    and   making  way  for   the   triumphs   of 
 Popery  upon  its  ruins.     Among  other  Writings  of  this  fort, 
 the  moft  famous  was,  "  The  Conformiils  Plea  for  theNon- 
 *' Con  form  i  fts,  in  four  parts,  by  abene!icedMinifter  and  a  re- 
 "  gular  Son  of  the  Church  of  England."     In  which  the  author 
 
 undertakes 
 
 Treatifes 
 puhlifhed   in 
 
Chap.  X.  of  the    Puritans.  415 
 
 undertakes  to  Ihew.     i.  The  greatnefs  of  their  fufferings.       King 
 «.  The  hardnefs  of  their  Cafe.     The  reafonablenefs  and  e-    harle|    U' 
 
 quity  of  their  propofals  for  Union.     4.  The  qualifications  and  l ■  -'■■  _f 
 
 worth  of  their  Minifters.  5.  Their  peaceable  behaviour. 
 6.  Their  agreement  with  the  Church  of  England  in  the  ar- 
 ticles of  her  Faith.  7.  The  prejudice  to  the  Church  by 
 their  exclufion ;  and  then  concludes  with  an  account  of  the 
 infamous  Jives,  and  lamentable  deaths,  cf  feveral  of  the  In- 
 formers. It  was  a  rational  and  moving  performance,  but  had 
 no  influence  on  the  Tory  Juftices,  and  tribe  of  Informers. 
 There  was  no  {lemming  the  tide  ;  every  one  who  was  not  a 
 furious  Tory  (favs  Rapin)  was  reputed  a  Prefbyteiian. 
 
 Moft  of  the  Clergy  were  with  the  Court,  and  diftinguifh-  The  Con- 
 ed themftlves  on  the  fide  of  perfecution.     The  Pulpits  every  ^J.a°Slrie 
 where  refounded  with   the  Doctrines  of  Paflive- Obedience  church 
 and  Non-Refiftance,  which  were  carried  to  all  the  heights  of  Cleigy. 
 King  Charles  I.     No  eaftern  Monarch  (according  to  them) 
 was  more  abfolute  than  the  King  of  England.     They  expref-  Rap;n.  „. 
 fed  fuch  a  zeal   for   the   Duke's  Succeffion,  as  if  a   popifh  309,310. 
 King  over  a  Proteftant  Country  had  been  a  fpecial  Bleffing  Burnet>?- 
 from  Heaven.     They  likewife  gave  themfelves  fuch  a  loofe 
 againft    Proteftant  Non-Conformifts,  as  if  nothing  was  fo 
 formidable  as  that  party.     In  all  their  Sermons  Popery  was 
 quite  forgot  (fays  Burnet)  and  the  force   of  their  zeal  was 
 turned  almoft  wholly  againft  Proteftant  Diffenters.     In  ma- 
 ny Country   Places   the   Parfun   of  the  Pariih,  who  could 
 fwagger  and  drinkt  ana  fwear  with  the  moft  notorious  rakes 
 in  his  neighbourhood,  was  put  into  the  Commiilion  of  the 
 Peace,  and  made  a  confiding  Juftice,   by  which  means  he  was 
 both  Judge  and  Party  in  his  own  caufe.     If  any  of  his  fober 
 Parifhioners  did  not  appear  atChurch  they  were  fure  to  be  fent 
 for,  and  inftead  of  the  mildnefs  and  gentlenefs  of  a  Chrifti- 
 an  Clergyman,  they   ufually  met  with  haughty  and  abufive 
 language,  and  the  utmoft  rigor  the  Law  could  inflict.    There 
 was  alfo  a  great  change  made  in    the  Commiffions  all  over 
 England.    A  Set  of  confiding  Magiftrates  was  appointed  ;  and 
 none  were  left  on  the  Bench  or  in  the   Militia  that  did  not 
 declare  for  the  arbitrary  Meafures  of  the  Court ;  and  fuch 
 of  the  Clergv  as  would  not  engage  in  this  fury  were  declaim- 
 ed againft  as  Betrayers  of  the  Church,  and  fecret  favourers  of 
 the  Diflenters ;  but  the  truth  is  (fays  the  Bifhop)  the  number 
 of  foner   honeft  Clergymen  was  not  great,    for  where   the 
 carcafs  is,  the  Eagles  will  be  gathered   together.     The  fcent 
 of  preferment  will  draw  afpiring  men  after  it.     Upon  the 
 
 whole, 
 
416 
 
 The  HISTORY       Vol.  IV. 
 
 King     whole,  the  times  were  very  black  at  prefent,  and  the  profpe<3: 
 charlej!        under  a  popifh  SuccefTor  more  threatning. 
 
 '  j  It  would  fill  a  Volume  to  go  into  all  the  particulars  of  thefe 
 Sufferings  unchriftian  proceedings,  which  even  the  black  Regifters  of 
 of  the  the  Spiritual  Courts  cannot  fully  unfold.     The  Reverend  Mr. 
 
 fomiifts""     Edward   Bury  allifting  at  a  private  faft  on  account  of  the 
 extraordinary  drought,  was  apprehended  June  14.  and  fined 
 twenty  pounds ;  and  for  refuting  to  pay  it,  becaufe  he  did 
 not  preach,  they  took  away  his  goods,  books,  and  even  the 
 bed  he  lay  upon.     The  Reverend  Mr.  Philip  Henry  was  ap- 
 prehended at  the  fame  time,  and  fined  forty  pounds,    and  for 
 non-payment  they  carried  away  thirty  three  loads  of  corn  that 
 lay  cut  upon  the  ground,  together  with  hay,  coals,  and  other 
 chattels.     The  Informers  took  the  names  of  one  hundred  and 
 fifty  more  who  were  at  the  Meeting:  They  fined  the  mafter 
 of  the  houfe  twenty  pounds,  and  five  more  as  being  Confta- 
 ble  that  year,  and   exacted  five  Shillings  a  head  from  all  that 
 were  prefent.     Examples  of  this  ufage  in  London,  Middle- 
 sex, and  moft  of  the  Counties  of  England,  are  innumerable. 
 And  of  the        The  Quakers  published  a  relation  of  the  fufferings  of  their 
 Quakers.      friends  fince  the    Reftoration,  by  which   it  appeared,  that 
 p.574  581.  grcat  numbers  had  been  fined  by  the  Bifhops  Courts,  robbed 
 of  their  fubffance,  and  perilhed  in  prifon.     Many  had  been 
 fo  beaten  and   wounded  for  attending  their  Meetings  that 
 they  died  of  their  wounds.     An  account  was  alfo  published, 
 of  the   unjuft  proceedings   of  the  Informers,  (hewing,  that 
 at  their  inflance  many  had  been  plunder'd  without  a  juridical 
 procefs;  that  (even  hundred  of  them  were  now  in  prifon  in 
 feveral  parts  of  England,  and  efpecially  about  Briftol ;  but  it 
 availed  nothing. 
 Death  of  the      In  the  midlVof  this  furious  perfecution  the  famous  Mr. 
 Reverend      Thomas  Gouge,   Son  of  Dr.  Gouge  of  Black  Friars,  and 
 TiUorfon's    the  ejected  Minifter  of  St  Sepulchres,  was  taken  out  of  this 
 Works.        World:  He  was  born  at  Bow  near  Stratford,   1605.  bred  at 
 Vol„ If         Eaton  School,  and  educated  in  King's  College,   Cambridge. 
 He  fettled  at  St.  Sepulchres  in  the  year  1638.  and  for  twenty 
 /~  four  years  difcharged  all  the  parts  of  a  vigilant  and  faithful 
 /.      Paftor.     He  was  a  wonder  of  piety,  charity,  humility  and 
 moderation,  making  it  his  ftudy  to  keep  a  Confcience  void 
 of  offence   towards  God  and   all  men.     Mr.  Baxter  fays, 
 He  never  heard  any  man  fpeak  to  his  difhonour,  except,  that 
 he  did  not  conform.     He  was  polTefled  of  a  good  Eftate,  and 
 devoted  the  chief  of  it  to  charity.     He  fettled  Schools,  to  the 
 number  of  three  or  four  hundred,  and  gave  money  to  teach 
 Children  to  read  in  the  mountainous  parts  of  Wales,  where- 
 
 he 
 
Chap.  X.        of  the  Pu  r  i  t  an  s.  417 
 
 he  traveled  annually,  and  preached,  'till  he  was  forbid  by  Kins 
 the  Bifhops,  and  excommunicated,  tho'  he  went  as  a  hearer  ^g" 
 to  the  Parifh  Churches.  He  printed  eight  thoufand  Welch  c— v-— -* 
 Bibles,  a  thoufand  of  which  were  given  to  the  poor,  and  the 
 reft  fent  to  the  principal  Towns  of  Wales  to  be  fold  at  an  un- 
 der rate.  He  printed  five  hundred  of  the  whole  Duty  of  Man 
 in  Welch  ;  and  gave  them  away  ;  two  hundred  and  foty  new 
 Teftaments  ;  and  kept  almoft  two  thoufand  Welch  Children 
 at  fchool  to  learn  Engiifh.  Archbifhop  Tillotfon,  in  his  fune- 
 ral Sermon,  fays,  That  all  things  confider'd,  there  has  not 
 fince  the  primitive  times  of  Chriftianity  been  many  among 
 the  Sons  of  Men,  to  whom  that  glorious  character  of  the 
 Son  of  God  might  be  better  applied,  that  He  went  about  do- 
 ing Good.  He  was  a  Divine  of  a  chcarful  fpirit,  and  went  a- 
 way  quietly,  in  his  fleep,  October  20.  1681.  in  the  feventy 
 feventh  year  of  his  age. 
 
 While  the  Tories  and  High  Church  Clergy  were  defrroying  r°nteft  a-# 
 the  Dillenters,  the  Court  was  intent  upon  lubverting  theonofMa. 
 Constitution,  and  getting  the  government  of  the  City  into  giltraes. 
 their  hands.  June  24  there  was  a  conteft  about  the  election 
 of  Sheriffs  which  occafioned  a  confiderable  tumult.  And 
 when  the  election  of  a  Lord  Mayor  came  on  at  Michaelmas, 
 the  citizens  were  again  in  an  uproar,  the  Lord  Mayor  pre- 
 tending a  right  to  adjourn  the  Court,  while  the  Sheriffs,  to 
 whom  the  right  belonged,  continued  the  poll  til!  night  ;  when 
 the  books  were  caft  up  each  party  claimed  the  majority  ac- 
 cording to  their  feveral  books.  The  conteft  rofe  fo  high,  that 
 Sir  William  Prichard,  Lord  Mayor,  was  afterwards  ar ufted 
 at;  the  fuit  of  iVIr.  Papillon  and  Dubois,  and  kept  prifoner  in 
 Skinners  Hall  till  midnight.  But  when  the  affair  came  to  a 
 trial  the  election  was  fet  afide,  Papillon  and  Dubois  were  im- 
 prifoned,  and  the  leading  men  on  the  Whig  fide  who  had 
 diftinguifhed  themfelves  in  the  conteft,  were  fined  in  large 
 fums  of  money,  which  made  way  for  the  lofs  of  the  charter. 
 
 The  Court  would  have  perfuaded  the  Common  Council  to  LL  l63* 
 make  a  voluntary  fin-render  of  it  to  the  Crown,  to  put  an  end  the  City  of 
 to  all  contefte  for  the  future  ;  but  not  being  able  to  prevail,  London, 
 they  refolved  to  condemn  it  by  law  ;  accordingly  a  Quo  ^t'Jjor" 
 Warranto  was  iflued  out  againft  the  charter,  becaufe  the  com-  Bumet, 
 mon  Council  in  one  of  their  addrefTes,  had  petitioned  for  the  P-  5*3. 
 fitting  of  the  Parliament,  and  had  taxed  the  prorogation  as  a  ^'-m 
 delay  of  Juftice  ;  and  becaufe  they  had   laid  taxes  on  their  p.  319. 
 wharfs  and  markets  contrary  to  law.     After  Trial  upon  thefe 
 two  points  the  judge  declared  it  to  be  the  unanimous  opinion 
 ©f  the  Court,  That  the  Liberties  and  Franchiies  of  the  City 
 
 Vol.  IV,  D  d  of 
 
4i8  The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y         Vol.  IV. 
 
 K'n?       of  London  be  feized  into  the  King's  hands,  but  judgment  was 
 'i6%2     '  not  to  be  enter'd  till  the  King's  pleafure  was  further  known. 
 v_— - y-« «-/  In  the  mean  time  the  Lord   Mayor  and  Common  Council, 
 who  are  the  Reprefentatives  of  the  City,  agreed  to  fubmit  to 
 the  King's  mercy,  andfent  a  deputation  to  Windfor,  June  18. 
 1683.  to  beg  pardon  ;  which  the  King  was  pleafed  to  grant  on 
 condition,  "  That  his  Majefty  might  have  a  negative  on  the 
 "  choice  of  all  the  chief  Magiftrates — That  if    his  Majefty 
 Bumet,  p.     <-t  difapproved  of  their  choice  of  a  Lord  Mayor,  they  mould' 
 III'  53°'     "  chufe  another  within   a  week — And  that    if  his    Majefty 
 Gazzette,      "  difapproved  their  fecond  choice  he  fhould  himfelf  nominate 
 No.  1S35.      it  a  Mayor  for  the  yearenfuing  ;  ''  and  the  like  as  to  Sheriffs, 
 Aldermen,  &c.     When  this  was  reported  back  to  the  Com- 
 mon Council,  it  was  put  to  the  vote,  and  upon  a  divifion  one 
 hundred  and  four  were  for  accepting  the  King's   regulation, 
 and  eighty  fix  againft  it ;  but  even  thefe  conceffions  continu- 
 ed no  longer  than  a  year.     The  Charter  of  London  being  loft, 
 the  Cities  and  Corporations  all  over  England  were  prevailed 
 with  to  deliver  up  their  Charters,  and  accept  of  fuch  new  ones 
 as  the  Court  would  grant,  which  was  the  higheft  degree  of 
 perfidy  and  bafenefs  in  thofe  who  were  intruded  with  them, 
 efpecially  when  they  knew  that  the  defign  was  to  pack  a  Par- 
 liament, in  order  to  make  way  for  a  popifli  King. 
 Remarks.  Thus  the  liberties   of  England  were  delivered  up  to  the 
 
 Crown  i  and  tho'  the  forms  of  law  were  continued,  mens 
 lives  and  efiates  were  at  the  mercy  of  a  fet  of  profligate 
 creatures  who  would  fwear  any  thing  for  hire.  Juries  (fays 
 Burnet)  were  a  ihame  to  the  nation,  and  a  reproach  to  Re- 
 ligion, for  they  were  packed  and  prepared  to  bring  in  Ver- 
 dicts as  they  were  directed,  and  not  as  matters  appeared  upon 
 the  evidence.  Zeal  againft  Popery  was  decried  as  the  voice 
 of  a  faction  who  were  enemies  to  the  King  and  his  Govern- 
 ment. All  rejoicings  on  the  fifth  of  November  were  forbid, 
 and  flErict  orders  given  to  all  Conftables  and  other  Officers  to 
 keep  the  peace, ;  but  the  populace  not  being  fo  orderly  as 
 they  fhould  have  been,  feveral  London  Apprentices  were 
 fined  twenty  marks  for  a  riot,  and  fet  in  the  Pillory. 
 Thefe  were  the  triumphs  of  a  Tory  and  popifh  Ackni- 
 niflration  ! 
 Death  of  Mr.  A  little  before  this  died  old  Mr.  Thomas  Cafe,  M.  A.  edu- 
 cated in  Chrift  Church,  Oxford,  and  one  of  the  aflembly  of 
 Divines  ;  he  was  peculiarly  ze-alous  in  promoting  the  Morn- 
 ing Exerciies,  but  was  turned  out  of  his  living  of  St.  Ma- 
 ry MagdaleH,  Milk  Street,  for  refofing  the  engagement- 
 arid  impriibned  for  Mr.  Love's  Plot ;  he  was  afterwards  Rector 
 
 of 
 
 Cafe 
 
Chap.  X.  of  the  Puritans. 
 
 of  St.  Giles's,  and  waited  on  the  King  at  Breda.  He  was 
 one  of  the  Co  mmiffio  iters  at  the  Savoy;  but  was  filenced 
 with  his  Brethren  in  1662.  He  was  an  open  plain-hearted 
 Alan,  and  an  excellent  Preacher,  of  a  warm  Spirit,  and  a 
 hearty  Lover  of  all  good  Men.  He  died  in  May  30,  1682. 
 iEtatis  Eighty  four. 
 
 Mi:.  Samuel  Clarke,  the  ejecled  Minifier  of  St.  Bennet  ^  °^r 
 Fink,  was  an  indefatigable  Student,  as  appears  by  his  Marty- 
 rology,  his  Lives  of  eminent  Divines,  and  other  hiftorical 
 Works  ;  he  was  a  good  Fcholar,  and  had  been  an  ufeful 
 Preacher  in  Chefhhe  and  WarwickuYre  before  he  came  to 
 London  ;  he  was  one  of  the  Commifiioners  at  the  Savoy  ^ 
 and  ptefented  the  Prelbyterian  MinHters  Addrcfs  of  Thanks 
 to  the  King  for  his  Declaration  concerning  Ecclefiaftical  Af- 
 fairs; and  tho'  he  could  not  conform  as  a  Preacher,  he  fre- 
 quently attended  publick  Worfhip  as  a  Hearer  and  a  Commu- 
 nicant.    He  died  Dec.  25,    1682.     iEtatis  Eighty. 
 
 While  the  Liberties  of  England  lay  prollrate  at  the  Feet      l68B3axte... 
 of  the  Court,  their  Fury  raged  againft  the  Non  Conformiffs,  an(1"  oth 
 
 CIS 
 
 as  inflexible  Enemies  of  their  arbitrary  Meafures.  Mr.  Bax-  feverely  pro- 
 ter  was  furprized  in  his  own  Houfe  by  a  Company  of  Con-  fecuted- 
 flat  Ls,  and  other  Peace-Officers,  who  arretted  him  for  p.  ijji. 
 coming  within  five  Miles  of  a  Corporation,  and  brought 
 Warrants  to  diftrain  upon  him  for  live  Sermons,  amounting 
 to  one  hundred  ninety  five  Pounds.  They  took  him  out  of 
 his  Bed,  to  which  he  had  been  confined  for  fome  time,  and 
 Were  carrying  him  to  Goal  ;  but  Dr.  Cox  the  Phyfician 
 meeting  him  in  the  way  went  and  made  Oath  before  a  Juftice 
 of  Peace,  that  he  could  not  be  removed  to  Prifon  without  dan- 
 ger of  his  Life,  fo  he  was  permitted  to  go  home  again  to  Bed  $ 
 but  the  Officers  rifled  his  Houfe,  took  away  fuch  Books  as 
 he  had,  and  fold  even  the  Bed  from  under  him.  Dr.  Annefley, 
 and  feveral  other  Minifters  bad  their  Goods  diftrained  for 
 latent  Convictions  ;  that  is,  "  Upon  the  Oaths  of  Perfons 
 "  they  never  faw,  not  received  Summons  to  anfwer  for: 
 '5  themfelves  before  a  Juftice  of  Peace."  This  was  ruining 
 Men  in  the  dark.  Some  were  imprifoned  on  the  Corporation 
 Act.  The  Reverend  Mr.  Vincent  was  tried  and  convicted  at 
 the  Surry  Aflizes  on  the  35th  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  which 
 was  Baniihment  :  He  lay  in  Prifon  many  Months,  but  was  at 
 laft  releafed  by  the  Interceflion  of  fome  great  Men.  The  Dif- 
 fenting  LaUy  wereharraffed  every  where  in  the  Spiritual  Courts, 
 Warrants  were  figned  for  diftreffes  in  the  Village  of  Hackney 
 alone,  to  the  Sum  of  fourteen  hundred  founds  j  one  of 
 D  d  2  "whtcbt 
 
420  The    H  I  S  T  0  R  Y  Vol.  IV. 
 
 Charts  n    wWch  Was  for  five   hundred-      The  Reader  will  then  judge 
 
 1683.  '    wnat  mu^  have  been  the  Cafe  of  the  whole  Intereft. 
 i~— v— «;      But  in  the  midft  of  all  this  Oppreflion  and  Violence  the 
 
 Piy0et"H°ufe  C°Urt  founcl>  that  the  sPirit  of  Englifh  Liberty  was  not 
 eafily  to  be  fubdued  :  there  was  a  fet  of  Patriots  who  flood 
 in  their  Way,  and  were  determined  to  hazard  their  Lives  and 
 Fortunes  for  the  Conftitution  ;  thefe  were  therefore  to  be  re- 
 moved or  cut  off,  by  bringing  them  within  the  Compafs  of 
 fome  pretended  Plot  againft  the  Government.  Some  who 
 were  more  zealous  than  prudent,  met  together  in  Clubs  at  the 
 Taverns  and  elfewhere,  to  talk  over  the  common  Danger, 
 and  what  might  be  done  to  fecure  their  Religion  and  Liber- 
 ties after  the  King's  Death  ;  but  there  was  no  formed  Defign 
 in  any  of  them  againft  the  King  or  the  prefent  Government. 
 The  Court  laid  hold  of  this,  and  as  Mr.  Cooke  fays,  fet  on  foot 
 three  Plots,  one  to  aflaffinate  the  King  and  Duke  as  they 
 came  from  New-Market ;   another  to  feize  the  Guards  ;  and 
 
 i'ei32.  a  th'rd  was  called  the  BJackheath  Plot  ;  in  all  which,  for 
 ought  I  can  find  (fays  he)  "  the  Fox  was  the  Finder."  Dr. 
 Welwood  adds,  that  the  mattered  Remains  of  Englifh  Liberty- 
 were  attacked  on  every  fide,  and  fome  of  the  nobleft  Blood  in 
 the  Nation  offered  up  a  Sacrifice  to  the  Manes  of  Popifh  Mar- 
 tyrs. Swearing  came  into  Fafhion,  and  an  Evidence  Office  was 
 fet  up  at  Whitehall  ;  the  WitnefTes  were  highly  encouraged, 
 and  infiead  of  Judges  and  Juries  that  might  boggleat  half  E- 
 vidence,  care  was  taken  to  pick  out  fuch  as  mould  (tick  atno- 
 
 Buinet,        thing  to  ferve  a  Turn.  The  Plot  which  the  Court  made  ufe  of 
 
 SSo.46%  Was  ca''e<* the  R)'enoufe  plot>  fr°m  tne  Name  of  the  Houfe, 
 where  two  Royal  Brothers  were  to  be  fhot ;  it  was  within 
 two  Miles  of  Hodfdon  in  Hertfordihire,  and  wasfirft  difcover- 
 ed  by  one  Keeling  an  Anabaptift  ;  after  him  Goodenough, 
 Rumty  and  Weft,  made  themfelves  WitnefTes,  and  framed 
 a  Story  out  of  their  own  Heads,  of  lopping  off  the  two 
 Brothers  as  they  came  from  New-Market,  and  having  heard 
 of  Conferences  between  the  Duke  of  Monmouth,  Lord 
 Ruflel,  and  others,  concerning  fecuring  the  Proteftant  Religi- 
 on after  the  King's  Death,  they  impeached  them  to  the  Coun- 
 cil, upon  which  Lord  Ruflel,  Aldernon  Sidney,  the  Earl  of 
 Eflex,  and  Mr.  Houblon,  were  apprehended  and  fent  to  the 
 Tower.  Warrants  were  iflued  out  for  feveral  others,  who 
 not  being  willing  to  truft  to  their  Innocence  abfeonded,  and 
 went  out  of  the  Way,  but  feveral  were  tried,  and  executed 
 upon  the  Court  Evidence,  as  Mr.  Rumbold,  Matter  of  the 
 Houfe  where  the  Plot  was  to  take  Place,  who  declared  at 
 his  Execution  in  King  James's  Reign,  that  he  never  knew 
 
 of 
 
Chap.  X.  of  the  P  U  R  I  T  A  N  s,  421 
 
 of  any  Defign  a»ainft  the  King  ;  as  did  Capt.  Walcot  and     King 
 Sir  Thomas  Armftrong,  Roufe,   and  the  reft.     Lord  RufTel  Ch^U' 
 was  condemned,  and  beheaded,  for  being  within  the  hearing  ._  -  -  _j 
 of  fome  treafonable  Words   at  Mr.   Shepherd's  a  Wine- 
 Cooper  in  Abchurch-Lane.      The    Earl   of  EfTex's  Throat  Ld.  Ruffel 
 was  cut  in  the  Tower  while  Lord  RufTel  was  upon  his  Try-  ^f^' 
 al   ;  and  Algernon  Sidney  was  executed  for  having  a  fediti-  mojr'Sf 
 ous   Libel  in  his  Study  ;   of  the  Cruelty  of  which  the  Par-  p.  161. 
 liament  at  the  Revolution  was  fo  fenfible,  that  they  reverfed 
 their  Judgments.     A    Proclamation  was  ifTued  out   againfl: 
 the  Duke  of  Monmouth,  tho'  the  King  knew  where  he  was  ; 
 and  when   the  Ferment  was  over  brought  him   to   Court. 
 Mr.  Eachard  obferves,  that  fome  have  called  this  the  Fana- 
 tick,  the   Proteftant,    the  Whiggifh,  or  Prefbyterian  Plot ; 
 others  have  called  it  with  more  Juftice,  a  Fiece  of  State- Po- 
 licy, and  no  better  than  an  Impofrure,  for  there  was  nothing 
 more  in   it   than  the  rafh  and  imprudent  Difcourfe  of  fome 
 warm  Whigs,  which  in  fo  critical  and  dangerous  a  Conjunc- 
 ture was  very  hazardous,  but  no  Scheme  of  a  Plot  was  agreed 
 upon,  no  Preparations   were   made,  no   Arms  nor  Horfes 
 bought,  nor  Perfons  appointed  to  execute  any  Defign  againfl: 
 the   King  or  Government.      However,  the  Court  had  their 
 Ends  in  ftriking  Terror  into  the  whole  Body  of  the  Whigs. 
 
 Great  Induftry  was  ufed  by  the  Court  to  bring  the  Body  of  c°"form# 
 Non-Conformifts  into  this  Plot  :  It  was  given  out  that  Dr.  charged 
 Owen,  Mr.  Mead   and  Mr.  Griffith,   were  acquainted  with  ™lth  lU 
 it ;    Mr.  Mead  was  fummoned  before  the  Council,  but  gave  J£L  -g, ' 
 fuch  fattsfactory  Anfwers  to  all  Queftions,  that  the  King  him- 
 felf  ordered  him  to  be  difebarged       The  Reverend  Mr.  Caf- 
 taires,  a  Scots  Divine,  was  put  to  the  Torture  of  the  Thum- 
 mikins  in  Scotland  to  extort  a  Confeffion  ;  both  his  Thumbs 
 were  bruized  between  two  Irons  'till  the  Marrow  was  almoft 
 forced   out  of  the  Bones  ;   This  Jbe  bore  for  an  Hour  and  a 
 half  without  making  any  Confeffion.  Next  Day  they  brought 
 him  to  undergo  the  Torture  of  the  Boot,  but  his  Arms  being 
 fwelled  with  the  late   Torture,  and  he  already  in  a  Fever, 
 made  a  Declaration  of  all  that  he  knew,  which  amounted  to 
 no  more  than  fome  loofe  Difcourfe  of  what  might  be  fit  to  be 
 done  to  preferve  their  Liberties  and  the  Proteftant  Religion, 
 if  there  fhould  be  a  Crifis  ;  but  he  vindicated  himfelf  and  his 
 Brethren  in  England  from  all  affaffinating  Defigns,  which,  he 
 fays,  they  abhorred.      Dr.  South  was  defired  to  write  the 
 Hiftory  of  this   Plot,  but  Dr.  Sprat,  afterwards  Bifhop  of 
 Rochefter,  performed  it,  though,  when  the  times  turned  at 
 D  d  3  the 
 
422 
 
 King 
 
 Charles  II. 
 
 1683. 
 
 Esehard. 
 
 Quakers 
 purge  th  m 
 felvesand 
 declare  thei 
 Sufferings. 
 S  we!, 
 p.  585. 
 
 The    HISTORY        Vol.  IV. 
 
 the  Revolution  he  difowned  it,  fo  far  as  to  declare,  that  King 
 James  had  altered  feveral  PafFages  in  it  before  it  was  printed 
 Bifhop  Burnet  adds,  that  when  the  Congratulatory  Addref 
 fes  for  the  Difcovery  of  this  Plot  had  gone  all  round  England, 
 the  Grand  Juries  made  high  Prefentments  againft  all  that  were 
 accounted  Whigs  and  Non-Conformifts.  Great  Pains  were 
 taken  to  find  out  more  Wknefies  ;  Pardons  and  Rewards 
 were  offered  very  freely  to  the  Guilty,  but  none  came  in, 
 which  made  it  evident  (favs  his  Lordfhip)  that  nothing  was 
 fo  well  laid,  or  brought  fo  near  Execution,  as  the  Witnef- 
 fes  had  depofed,  otherwife  the  People  would  have  crouded 
 in  for  Pardons.  Bifhop  Kennet  fays,  that  the  Diffenters  bore 
 all  the  Odium,  and  were  not  only  branded  for  exprefs  Rebels 
 and  Villains,  in  multitudes  of  Congratulatory  and  Tory  Ad- 
 dreffes  from  all  Parts  of  the  Kingdom,  but  were  feverely 
 arraigned  by  the  King  himfelf  in  a  Declaration  to  all  his  lov- 
 ing Subjects,  read  in  all  the  Churches  on  Sunday  September 
 9,  which  was  appointed  as  a  Day  of  Thankfgiving,  and  fo- 
 lemnized  after  an  extraordinary  Manner,  with  mighty  Pomp 
 and  Magnificence.  There  was  hardly  a  Parifh  in  England 
 thqt  was  not  at  a  confiderable  Expenceto  teftify  their  great 
 Joy  an  I  Satisfaction  :  Nay,  the  Papifts  celebrated  in  all  their 
 Chapels  in  London  an  extraordinary  Service  on  that  Account ; 
 fo  that  tbefe  bad  their  Places  of  Publick  Worfhip,  tho'  the 
 Proteftant  Diffenters  had  not. 
 
 The  Quakers  declared  their  Innocence  of  the  Plot,  in  an 
 Addiefs  to  the  King  at  Windfor,  prefented  by  G  White- 
 head, Parker,  and  two  more,  wherein  they  appeal  to  the 
 Searcher  .of  all  Hearts,  "  that  their  Principles  do  not  allow 
 "  them  to  take  vp  defenfive  Arms,  much  le(s  to  avenge 
 «'  themfelves  for  the  Injuries  they  receive  from  others. 
 "  That  they  continually  pray  for  the  King's  Safety  and  Pre- 
 *<  fer  ation,  and  therefore  take  this  Occafion  humbly  to 
 "  befetch  his  Viajevry,  to  companionate  their  liifTering 
 "  Friends,  with  whom  the  Goals  are  fo  filled,  that  they 
 "  want  Air,  to  the  apparent  Hazard  of  their  Lives,  and  to 
 *'  the  endangering  an  Infection  in  divers  Places.  Befides, 
 s<  many  Houfes,  Shops,  Barns  and  Fields  are  ranfackid, 
 w  and  the  Goods,  Corn  and  Cattle,  fwept  away,  to  thedif- 
 "  copniging  of  Trade  and  Hufbandry,  and  impoverifhing 
 '-'  great  Numbers  of  quiet  and  indubious  People  ;  and  this 
 **•  for  no  other  Caufe  but  for  the  Exercife  of  a  tender  Con- 
 fC  fcicrjce  in   the  Worlhip  of  Almighty  God,  who  is  Sove- 
 
 .  3iga  Lord  and  King  in  Mens  Confciences  < 
 
 But 
 
Chap.  X.  of  the  P  u  r  i  t  a  n  s.  423 
 
 But  this  Addrefs  had  no  Effect,  all  things  went  on  trium-       K;^ 
 phantly'on  the  Side  of  the  Prerogative  ;   the  Court  did  what       *6|*. 
 
 they  pleafed  ;   the  King  took  the  Government  of  the  City  of  < v-^-J 
 
 London  into  his  own  Hands,  and  appointed  a  Mayor,  She-  Oxford 
 riffs  and  Aldermen,  without  the  Election  of  the  People  ;  j^cre^ 
 Sermons  were  filled  with  the  Principles  of  abfolute  Obedi-  p.  41©.' 
 ence  and  Non-Ref (ranee,  which  were  carried  higher  than 
 ever  their  Forefathers  had  thought  of  or  praftifed.  The  U- 
 niverfity  of  Oxford  pafTed  a  Decree  in  full  Convocation, 
 July  2f,  1683,  iC  againft  certain  pernicious  Books,  andCo,,yer' 
 '*  damnable  Doctrines,  deftructive  to  the  facred  Perfons  of 
 '*  Princes,  their  State  and  Government,  and  all  human  So- 
 (i  ciety."  It  conilfts  of  twenty  feven  Propofitions,  extract  - 
 ed  from  the  Writings  of  Buchanan,  Baxter,  Owen,  Milton, 
 J.  Goody  in,  Hobbs,  Cartwright,  Travers  and  others,  who 
 had  maintained  that  there  was  an  Original  Contract  between 
 King  and  People  :  "  and  that  when  Kings  fubvert  the  Con- 
 "  ftitution  of  their  Country,  and  become  abfolute  Tyrants, 
 "  they  forfeit  their  Right  to  the  Government,  and  may  be 
 "  refitted  :"  Thefe,  and  other  Propofitions  of  a  like  Na- 
 ture, "  they  declare  to  be  impious,  feditious,  fcandalous, 
 "  damnable,  heretical,  blafphemous,  and  infamous  to  the 
 "  Chriftian  Religion.''  They  forbid  their  Students  to  read 
 thofe  Writings,  and  ordered  their  Books  to  be  burnt  ;  but 
 how  well  they  practifed  thefe  Doctrines  at  the  Revolution 
 of  King  William,  will  be  feen  in  its  proper  Place  ;  and  the 
 Parliament  in  the  Reign  of  Queen  Anne  ordered  the  Decree 
 it  felf  to  be  burnt  by  the  Hands  of  the  common  Hangman. 
 
 Dr.  Benjamin  Calamy,  Rector  of  St.  Lawrence  Jewry,  Suffering,} 
 in  one  of  his  printed  Sermons,  entituled,  '*  A  fcrupulous  of  Mr- 
 Confcience,"  invited  the  Non- Conforming  to  examine  what  e  aune' 
 each  Party  had  to  fay  for  themfelves  with  reipect  to  the  Cere- 
 monies impofed  by  the  Church,  and  inforced  by  the  Penal 
 Laws,  he  called  upon  them  modeftly  to  propofe  their 
 Doubts,  and  meekly  to  hearken  to  and  receive  Inftruction. 
 In  compliance  with  this  Invitation  Mr.  Thomas  Delaune, 
 an  Anabaptift  School -M after,  and  a  learned  Man,  printed  a 
 "  Plea  for  the  Non-Conformifts."  mewing  the  true  State 
 of  their  Cafe,  and  juitifying  their  Separation.  But  before 
 it  was  pubhfhed  he  was  apprehended  by  a  MefTenger  from 
 the  Prefs,  and  fhut  up  clofe  Prifoner  in  Newgate,  by  War- 
 rant from  the  Recorder  Jenner,  dated  November  30,  1683. 
 Mr.  Delaune,  writ  to  Dr.  Calamy  to  endeavour  his  Enlarge- 
 ment :  "  My  Confinement  (fays  he)  is  for  excepting  your 
 "  Invitation  ;  I  look  upon  you  obliged  in  Honour  to  pro- 
 
 D  d  4  •'  cure 
 
424-  The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y         Vol.  IV. 
 
 Kmg      <■<.  cure  my  Sheets,  yet  unfinifhed,  a  publick  Paflport,  and 
 a,'6e8s,     *  u  to  me  my  Liberty  ■  There  is  nothing  in  them  but 
 
 ■  — ,-_j  "  a  fair  Examination  of  thofe  things  your  Sermon  invited 
 "  to,  and  I  cannot  find  that  Chrift  and  his  Difciples  ever 
 4*  forced  fcrupulous  Confciences  to  Conformity  by  fuch  Me- 
 "  tho-Js  as  fending  them  to  Newgate  ;  I  befeech  you  there- 
 '*  fore  in  the  Fear  of  God,  as  you  will  anfwer  it  to  our  great 
 "  Lord  and  Matter  Jefus  Chriir,  that  you  would  endeavour 
 "  to  convince  a  Stranger  by  fomething  more  like  Reafon  and 
 "  Divinitv  than  a  Prifon."  The  Do&or  at  firft:  faid,  he 
 Would  do  him  any  kindnefs  that  became  him.  But  in  anfwer 
 to  a  fecond  Letter  he  faid,  he  looked  upon  himfelf  as  uncon- 
 cerned, becaufe  he  was  not  mentioned  in  that  Sheet  he  favr 
 •with  the  Recorder.  Mr.  Delaune  infilled  upon  his  Honour, 
 as  being  dire£tly  concerned,  and  prayed  him  at  leaft  to  per- 
 form t^e  Office  of  a  Divine,  in  vifiting  him  in  Prilon,  to 
 argue  him  out  of  his  Doubts  ;  but  the  Do&or,  like  an  un- 
 generous Adverfarv,  deferted  him.  Mr.  Delaune  therefore 
 was  to  be  convinced  by  Law,  and  was  indicted,  for  that  on 
 November  30,  u  He  did  by  force  of  Arms,  &c.  unlawfully, 
 "  fed  tioufly,  and  malicioufly,  write,  piint,  and  publifh,  a 
 "  certain  falfe,  feditious,  and  fcandalous  Libel,  of,  and  con- 
 "  cerning  our  Lord  the  King,  and  the  Book  of  Common- 
 "  Prayer,  entituled,  A  Plea  for  the  Non-Conformifrs."  For 
 which  he  was  fined  one  hundred  Marks,  and  to  be  kept  Pri- 
 foner  'till  he  paid  it ;  to  find  Security  for  his  good  Behaviour 
 for  one  Year,  and  his  Books  to  be  burnt  before  the  Royal 
 Exchange.  The  Court  told  him,  that  in  relpeft  of  his  be- 
 ing a  Scholar  he  mould  not  be  pilloried,  tho'  he  defcrved  it. 
 Mr.  Delaune  not  being  able  to  pay  his  Fine  lived  in  Prifon 
 fifteen  Months,  and  fufFered  great  Hardfliips  by  extreme 
 Poverty,  having  no  Subfiflance  but  upon  Charity.  He  had  a 
 Wife  and  two  (mall  Children  with  him,  who  all  died  in  the 
 Goal  being  fufFocated  by  the  Inconveniencies  of  the  Prifon, 
 and  other  lingering  Sorrows  and  SickneiTes.  At  laft  Mr.  De- 
 la' me  himfelf  funk  under  the  Burden,  and  died  in  Newgate,  a 
 Martvr  to  the  Challenge  of  a  High  Church  Dodlor. 
 And  of  Mr.  Mr.  Francis  Bampfield  fufFered  the  like,  or  greater  Hard- 
 Bampfieid.    ^ips  .    be  ^as  educated  ft  Wadham  College,  Oxon,  and 
 
 was  Minifter  pf  Sherbourn  in  Dorfetfhire,  After  the  Act  of 
 Uniformity  he  continued  preaching  as  he  had  Opportunity 
 in  private,  'till  he  was  imprifoned  with  twenty  five  of  his 
 Hearers  in  one  Room,  with  but  one  Bed,  for  five  Days  and 
 
 Calamy,       Nights,  where   they  fpent  •  their  time  in  religious  Exercifes; 
 
 p.  260.        but  after  fome  time  he  was  releafed.      Soon  after  he  was  ap- 
 prehended 
 
Chap.  X.        of  the  Puritans.  425 
 
 prehcnded  again,  and  continued  nine  Years  in  Dorchefter      King 
 Goal,  though  he  was  a  Perfon  of  unfhaken  Loyalty  to  the   Ch^lm lI* 
 King,  and  againft  the  Parliament  War  ;  but  this  availed  no-  i_.^-,_f 
 thing  to  his  being  a  Non-Conformift.      He  afterwards  retired 
 to  London,  where  being  taken  again  he  was  (hut  up  in  New- 
 gate and  there  died,  February  16,  1683-4.     He  was  for  the 
 feventh  Day  Sabbath,  but  a  Perfon  of  unqueftionable  Seri- 
 oufnefs  and  Piety. 
 
 With  him   might  be  mentioned  Mr.  Ralphfon,  a  learned  £nd,0/  Mr* 
 Man,   and  a  Fellow -Sufferer  with  Mr.  Delaune  in  Newgate.    aPfton* 
 On,  the  10th  of  December  a  Bill  was  found  againft  him  by 
 the  Grand  Jury  of  London  ;  on  the  1 3th  of  the  fame  Month 
 .he  pleaded   Not  Guilty  at  the  Old  Baily.     On  the  16th  of 
 Januaiy  he  was  called  to  the  Seflions  Houfe,  butfome  Trials 
 proving  tedious  his  was  not  brought  on.     The  next  day  he 
 'Was  called  to  the  outer  Bar  ;  and  after  an  Attendance  of  di- 
 vers Hours  in  a  Place  not  very  agreeable,  and  in  the  fharpeft 
 Winter  that   has  been  known,  he  contracted  a  violent  Cold, 
 •  which   ended  in   a  Fever,  that  carried  him  as  well  as  Mr. 
 Bampfield  beyond  the  Jurifdidtion  of  Bail-Docks  or  Prefs- 
 Yards,  to  the  Manfions  of  everlafting  Reft.     Mr.  Philips,  Calamy's 
 Partner  with  Mr.  Bampfield,  fuffered  eleven  Months  Impri-  Abridg. 
 fonment  in  Dchefter  Goal,   in  a  nafty   ftinking  Hole,  to  the  p'  2S5'  377* 
 great  Hazard  of  his  Life.     Mr.  French  of  Town-Maulin 
 was  confined  fix  Months  in   Maidftone  Goal,  in  a  hard  Win- 
 ter, without  Fire  or  Candle,  or  a  private  Room  to  lodge  in. 
 
 Mr.  Salkeild,  the  ejefted  Minifter  of  Worlington  in  Suf  of  Mr- 
 folk,  was  fined  one  hundred  Pounds,  and  committed  to  the  a*d  others. 
 common  Goal   of  St.  Edmundfbury,  for  faying,  *'  Popery 
 "  was  coming  into  the  Nation  apace,  and  no  Care  taken  to 
 "  prevent  it."     He  lay  in  Prifon  three  Years,  and  was  not 
 difcharged  'till  the  Year  1 686. 
 
 Mr.  R  chard  -treiton  fuffered  fix  Months  Imprifonment  this 
 year,  for  refufing  the  Oxford  Oath,  in  company  of  en  Mini- 
 fters  more,  imprifoned  there  at  the  fame  time.  Moftof  the  Dif-  Calamy, 
 fenting  Minifters  were  forced  to  fhift  their  Places  of  Abode  to  p#  6z?'  &c* 
 avoid  Difcovery,  and  travel  in  long  nights  and  cold  weather 
 from  one  Village  to  another  to  preachto  their  People.  If  at  any 
 time  they  ventured  to  vifit  their  Families  in  a  dark  Night  they 
 durft  not  flir  Abroad,  but  went  away  before  Morning. 
 Some  fpent  their  time  in  Woods  and  folitary  Places  ;  Others 
 being  excommunicated  removed  with  their  Effects  into  other 
 Diocefes Great  Numbers  of  the  common  People,  ta- 
 ken at  private  Meetings,  were  convicted  as  Rioters  and  fined 
 
 ten 
 
London 
 Cafes  pub 
 lifted. 
 
 Feirce. 
 p.  259. 
 
 Beath  of 
 Dr.  John 
 Owen. 
 
 The    HISTORY         Vol.  IV. 
 
 ten  Pounds  a  piece  ;  and  not  being  able  to  pay,  were  obliged 
 'to  remove  into  other  Counties,  by  which  they  loft  their 
 Bufinefs,  and  their  Families  were  reduced  to  Want.  I  for- 
 bear to  mention  the  Rudenefs  offered  to  young  Women, 
 fome  of  whom  were  fent  to  Bridewell  to  beat  Hemp  among 
 Rogues  and  Thieves  ;  others  that  were  married,  and  with 
 Child,  received  irreparable  Damages  ;  even  Children  were 
 terrified  with  Csnftables  and  Kalberdeers  breaking  open  Hou- 
 ses, of  whom  I  my  felf  (favs  Mr.  Peirce)  being  very  young, 
 was  one  Example  ;  and  the  Writer  of  this  Hiftory  could 
 mention  others. 
 
 In  the  midft  of  thefe  violent  Proceedings  the  Divines  of 
 the  Church  of  England  published  the  London  Cafes  againfl 
 the  Non  Conformifts,  as  if  the  Danger  of  Religion  was  from 
 that  Quarter  ;  they  were  twenty  three  in  Number,  and  have 
 fince  been  abridged  by  Dr.  Bennet.  Thefe  Champions  of 
 the  Church  were  very  fecure  from  being  anfwered,  after 
 ]\ir.  Delaune  had  fo  lately  loft  his  Life,  for  writing  agalnft 
 one  of  them,  publifhed  by  Dr.  Calamy.  They  muft  there- 
 fore have  the  Field  to  themfelves,  for  if  their  Adverfaries 
 writ  they  were  fure  to  be  rewarded  with  Fines,  and  a 
 Prifon  ;  but  fince  that  time  they  have  been  anfwered  fe- 
 parately  by  Mr.  Nathaniel  Taylor,  Mr.  James  Pierce  and 
 others. 
 
 This  Year  died  Dr.  John  Owen,  one  of  the  moft  learn- 
 ed of  the  Independant  Divines  ;  he  was  educated  in  Queen's 
 College,  Oxon,  but  left  the  Univeriity  in  1637,  being  dif- 
 (atisfied  with  Laud's  Innovations^  He  was  a  ftricl  Calvi. 
 nift,  and  publifhed  his  '<  Difplay  of  Arminianifm"  in  1642, 
 for  which  the  Committee  of  Religion  prefented  him  to,  the 
 Living  of  Ford  ham  in  EfTex.  In  1643,  ^e  removed  to 
 Coggefhall  in  the  fame  County,  where  he  firft  declared  him- 
 fclf  an  Independant,  and  gathered  a  Church  according  to  the 
 Method  of  that  People.  He  often  preached  before  the  Long 
 Parliament,  even  about  the  time  the  King  was  beheaded,  but 
 always  kept  himfelf  upon  the  Referve.  Soon  after  Lieute- 
 nant General  Cromwell  took  him  into  his  Service  as  a  Chap- 
 Iain  in  his  Expedition  to  Ireland ;  and  when  the  General 
 marched  to  Scotland  he  obtained  an  Order  of  Parliament 
 for  the  Doctor  to  attend  him  thither.  Upon  his  return 
 he  was  preferred  to  the  Deanry  of  Chriif.  Church,  and 
 next  Year  to  the  Vice-Chancellorfhip  of  Oxford,  which  he 
 managed  with  great  reputation  and  prudence  for  five  years. 
 No  Man  was  more  of  a  Gentleman  and  Scholar,  or  fuppor- 
 
 ted 
 
Chap.  X.  of  die  Puritan  s.  427 
 
 ted  the  dignity  of   his  character  better  in  his  time.     The       King 
 
 -"hark, 
 1684. 
 
 writer  of   his  Life  fays,    that  tho'    he  was  an  independant 
 
 himfelf,  he  gave  mod  of  the  vacant  livings  in  his  Gift  a- 
 mong  the  Prefbyterians,  and  obliged  the  Epifcopal  party 
 by  conniving  at  an  Affembly  of  about  three  hundred  of  them 
 almoft  over  againft  his  own  Doors.  The  Oxford  hiftorian, 
 after  having  treated  his  Memory  with  mod  reproachful  Lan- 
 guage, confeffes,  that  he  was  well  {killed  in  the  Tongues, 
 in  Rabinnical  learning,  and  in  the  Jewifh  rites  and  cuftoms, 
 and  that  he  was  one  of  the  moil  genteel  and  faireft  writers 
 that  appeared  againft  the  Church  of  England.  The  Doftor 
 had  a  great  Reputation  among  foreign  Proteftants ;  and 
 when  he  was  laid  afide  by  the  Aft  of  Uniformity  was  invi- 
 ted to  a  Profefibrfhip  in  the  United  Provinces.  He  was  once 
 alfo  determined  to  fettle  in  new  England,  but  was  flopt  by 
 exprefs  order  from  the  Council.  He  was  paftor  of  a  con- 
 fiderable  congregation  in  London,  and  died  with  great  calm- 
 nefs  and  compofure  of  Mind  on  Bartholomew  Day,  1683. 
 His  works  are  very  numerous,  and  in  high  efteem  among 
 the  Diffenters ;  but  his  Stile  is  a  little  intricate  and  per- 
 plexed. 
 
 This  year  the  King,  by  the  Afliftance  of  the  Tories  and  Further 
 Roman  Catholicks,  compleated  the  Ruin  of  the  constitution  Sufferings 
 and  aflumed  the  whole  Government  into  his  own  Hands.  ^L[. 
 The  Whigs  and  Non-conformifts  were  {truck  with  Terror  Rapin,'  p. 
 by  the  fevere  profecutions  of  the  Heads  of  their  Party.  Mr.  354>  3  56- 
 Hampden  was  fined  forty  thoufand  Pounds,  Sir  Samuel  Bar-  Eacha,d>  P* 
 nadifton  ten  thoufand  Pounds,  for  defaming  the  evidence  in 
 the  Rye-Hoofe   Plot.     Mr.  Speke  two  thoufand,    and  Mr. 
 Braddon  one  thoufand  Pounds,  for  reporting  that  the  Earl  of 
 EfTex  had  been  murder'd  in  the  Tower.     Mr.  John  Dutton- 
 colt  one  hundred  thoufand  Pounds,    for  Scandalum   Magna- 
 tum  againft  the  Duke  of   York,    who  now  govern'd  all  at 
 Court.     Gates  v/as  fined  for  the  fame  crime  one  hundred 
 thoufand  Pounds,  and  never  got  out  of  prifon  till  after  the 
 revolution.     Thirty  two  others  were  fined  or  pillory'd  for 
 libelling  the   King  or  the  Duke  of    York.     In  fhart,    the 
 greateft  Part  of  the  Hiftory  of  this  year  confifts  of  Profecu- 
 tions, penalties  and   punifhments  (fays  Mr.  Eachard.)     At 
 the  fame  time  the  Earl  of  Danby  and  the  popifh  Lords  were 
 releafed  out  of  the  Tower   on  Bail,  the  Garrifon  of  Tan- 
 gier was  brought  over  into  England,    and  augmented  to  a 
 (landing  Army  of  four  or  five  Thouknd  refolute  Men,    fit 
 
 for 
 
42$ 
 
 The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y         Vol.  IV. 
 
 p- 
 i3o. 
 
 King  for  any  Service  the  Court  fhould  employ  them  in.  And  the 
 1684  corporations  all  over  England  having  been  prevailed  with, 
 ^_  —  j  by  promifes  or  threatnings,  to  give  up  their  Charters,  af- 
 The  o'lifti-  ter  the  example  of  London,  the  whole  Kingdom  was  di- 
 tuti  .11  of  vefted  0f  its  Liberties,  and  reduced  to  an  abfolute  Monarchy. 
 venupand  Whole  peals  of  Anathema's  were  rung  out  againft  thofe  Pa- 
 deftroycd.  triots  that  ftood  up  for  its  Liberties.  The  Scriptures  were 
 Welw.  Me-  ma(je  a  ftore  for  arbitrary  power.     The   abfolute   Govern- 
 
 rv»i  lire.    n.  _  -r  •  /»      v  r 
 
 ment  of  the  Jewifh  Kings  was  preached  up  as  a  pattern  for 
 ours.  And  Heaven  itfelf  was  ranked  on  that  fide  by  fome 
 that  pretended  to  expound  its  will.  Inftead  of  dropping  a 
 Tear  at  the  Funeral  of  our  Laws,  Liberties  and  Parliaments, 
 fulfome  Panegyricks  were  made  upon  their  Murderers,  and 
 curfes  denounced  on  thofe  who  would  have  retrieved  them 
 from  Deftruction. 
 
 In  this  melancholy  fituation  of  publick  Affairs  the  Profe- 
 cution  of  the  Non-Conformtfts  was  continued,  and  carried 
 on  to  a  pitch  hardly  to  be  parallel'd  in  a  Proteffant  Nation. 
 Dr.  Barlow,  Bifhop  of  Lincoln,  published  a  Letter   for  put- 
 ting the    Laws  in  Execution  againft  the  Diflenters,  in  con- 
 currence   with     another    drawn    up     by     the  Juftices    of 
 Peace   of  Bedford,  bearing  Date   Jan.    14,  1684.     Many 
 were  cited  into  the  Spiritual  Courts,  excommunicated  and 
 ruined.     Two  hundred  Warrants  of  Dift  efs  were  iffued  out 
 upon  private  Perfons  and  Families  in    the  Town  and  Neigh- 
 bourhood of  Uxbridge,  for  frequenting  Conventicles  or  not 
 coming  to  Church.     An  Order  was   made   by  the  Juftices 
 HowsLife,  0j:  £xeterj    promifing  a   Reward  of  forty  Shillings  to  any 
 one  who    fhould     apprehend   a  Non.-conformift    Minifter, 
 which  the  Bifhop  of  the  Diocefs,  Dr.  Lamplugh,  command- 
 ed to  be  publifhed  in  all  the  Churches  by   his  Clergy  on 
 the   following    Sundav.       The   Reverend    Dr.    Bates,  Dr. 
 Annefly,  and  many  of  their  Brethren  in  the  Miniftry,  had 
 their  Goods  feized  and  carried  off.     Mr.  Robert  Mayot  of 
 Oxon,  a  moderate  Conformift,    having  left  Mr.  Baxter  fix 
 hundred   Pounds   to    diftribute   among    fixty   poor   ejected 
 Minifters;  the  Lord  Keeper  North  took  it  from  him,  and 
 gave  it  all  to  the  King  ;  the  Money  was  put  into  Chancery, 
 and  lay  there  till   it  was  reftored   by  the  Commiffioners  of 
 Mr.  Baxer  ^e  Great  Seal  under  King  William.     Soon  after  the  Juftices 
 atainin        fen t  Warrants   to  apprehend  Mr.  Baxter,  as   being  one  in 
 Piiion.         the  lift  of  a  thoufand  Names,    who  were    to  be  bound  to 
 ^  a«er,  p.     t|iejr   gOOC{  Behaviour   upon  latent  Convictions,     that   is, 
 without  feeing  their  Accufers,    or  being   made    acquainted 
 with  their  Charge.     Mr.  Baxter  refufing  to  open  his  Doors, 
 
 the 
 
Chap.  X.  of  the  P  u  r  i  t  a  N  s.  429 
 
 the  Officers  forced  into  his  Houfe,  upon  which  he  locked 
 himfelf  up  in  his  Study,  but  being  refolved  to  ftarve  him 
 from  thence  they  fet  fix  Men  at  the  Door,  to  whom  he 
 was  obliged  next  Day  to  furrender.  They  then  carried  him 
 to  the  Seflions  Houfe  two  or  three  times,  and  bound  him  in 
 a  Bond  of  four  hundred  Pounds,  fo  that  if  his  Friends  had 
 not  been  fureties  for  him,  contrary  to  his  Defire,  he  muft 
 have  died  in  prifon,  being  then  almoft  Bed-rid-  Many  ex- 
 cellent perfans  died  in  common  Gaols,  and  thoufands  were 
 ruined. 
 
 Jefferies  was  now  Lord  Chief  Juftice,    who  was  fcanda-  Trial  of 
 loufly  vicious,  and  drunk  every  Day,  befides  a  Drunkennefs  Mr-  R°r<:" 
 of  Fury  in  his  Temper  that  look'd  like  madnefs :    He  was  Burnet,  p, 
 prepared  for  any  dirty  work  the  Court  lhould  put  him  upon.  567* 
 September  23.     Mr.  Thomas  Rofewel  the  diiTenting  Mini- 
 fterat  Rotherhithe  was  imprifoned  in  the  Gate-Houfe,  Welt- 
 minfter,    for  High  Treafon;     and  a  Bill  was  found  againfl 
 him  at  the  Quarter  SefTions,  upon  which  he  was  tried  No- 
 vember 8.  at  the  King's  Bench  Bar,  by  a  Surrey  Jury,  be- 
 fore Lord   Chief    Juftice  Jefferies,    and  three  others  (viz) 
 Withins,  Holloway,  and  Walcot.     He  was  indicted  for  the 
 following  ExprelTions  in  his  Sermon,  Sept.   14.    "  That  the 
 "  King  could  not  cure  the  King's  Evil,  but  that  Priefts  and 
 •*  Prophets  by  their  prayers  could  heal  the  Griefs  of    the 
 
 <c  People — That  we  had  two  wicked  Kings  (meaning 
 
 "  the  prefent  King  and  his  Father)  whom  we  can  refemble 
 "  to  be  no  other  Perfon  but  to  the  moiVwicked  Jeroboam  ; 
 "  and  that  if  they  (meaning  his  Hearers)  would  ftand  to  their 
 "  Principles,  he  did  not  doubt  but  they  mould  overcome 
 "  their  Enemies  (meaning  the  King)  as  in  former  times, 
 (t  with  Rams-Horns,  broken  Platters,  and  a  Stone  in  a 
 u  Sling."  The  witneflfes  were  three  infamous  Women, 
 who  fwore  to  the  Words  without  the  Innuendo's ;  they  were 
 laden  with  the  Guilt  of  many  Perjuries  already,  and  fuch 
 of  them  as  could  be  found  afterwards  were  convifted,  and 
 the  chief  of  them  pillory'd  before  the  Exchange.  The 
 Trial  lafted  feven  Hours,  and  Mr.  Rofewel  behaved  with 
 all  the  Decency  and  Refpeft  to  the  Court  that  could  be 
 expected,  and  made  a  Defence  that  was  applauded  by  molt 
 of  the  Hearers.  He  faid  it  was  impoflible  the  witnelTes 
 fhould  remember,  and  be  able  to  pronounce  fo  long  a  Pe- 
 riod, when  they  could  not  fo  much  as  tell  the  Text,  nor 
 any  thing  elfe  in  the  Sermon  befides  the  words  they  had 
 fworn:  feveral  who  heard  the  Sermon  and  writ  it  in  fhort 
 Hand>  declared  they  heard  no  fuch  Words.     Mr.  Rofewel 
 
 offered 
 
43° 
 
 King 
 Charles  II. 
 1684. 
 
 He  is  con- 
 demned, p. 
 597- 
 
 Sufferings 
 and  Death 
 of  Mr.  Jen 
 kins. 
 
 K.  Ghron. 
 p.  Sat. 
 
 The  H  I  S  T  0  R  Y         Vol.  IV. 
 
 offered  his  own  notes  to  prove  it,  but  no  regard  was  had 
 to  them.  The  Women  could  not  prove,  (fays  Burnet)  by 
 any  one  Circumftance,  that  they  were  at  the  Meeting;  or 
 that  any  Perfon  faw  them  there  on  that  Day;  the 
 Words  they  fwore  were  fo  grofsthat  it  was  not  to  be  ima- 
 gined that  any  Man  in  his  Wits  would  exprefs  himfelf  fo, 
 before  a  mixed  Affembly,  yet  Jefferies  urged  the  matter 
 with  his  ufual  vehemence.  He  laid  it  for  a  Foundation,  that 
 all  preaching  at  conventicles  was  trealonable,  and  that  this 
 ought  to  difpofe  the  Jury  to  believe  any  Evidence  upon  that 
 Head,  fo  the  Jury  brought  him  in  guilty  ;  upon  which 
 (fays  the  Bifhop)  there  was  a  fhameful  Rejoycing ;  audit 
 was  now  thought  all  Conventicles  mull:  be  fuppreffed,  when 
 fuch  Evidence  could  be  received  againft  fuch  a  Defence, 
 But  when  the  Words  came  to  be  examined  by  men  learned 
 in  the  law  they  were  found  not  to  be  Treafon  by  any  Statute. 
 So  Mr.  R.ofewel  moved  for  an  Arreft  of  Judgment  till  Coun- 
 cil fhould  be  heard  ;  and  tho'  it  was  doubtful  whether  this 
 ought  to  be  allowed  after  the  Verdicl,  yet  the  King  was  fo 
 put  out  of  Countenance  by  the  Accounts  he  heard  of  the 
 WitnefTes,  that  he  gave  Orders  to  yield  to  it ;  and  in  the 
 end  he  was  pardoned.  The  Court  loft  a  great  deal  of  Re- 
 putation by  this  Trial,  for  befides  that  Rofewel  made  a 
 ftrong  Defence,  he  proved  that  he  had  always  been  a  loyal 
 Man  even  in  Cromwel's  Days,  that  lie  prayed  conftantly  for 
 the  King  in  his  Family,  and  that  in  his  Sermons  he  often  jn- 
 fifted  upon  the  obligations  to  Loyalty. 
 
 But  among  other  Sufferers  for  Non-Conformity  we  mufl 
 not  forget  the  Reverend  Mr.  Will.  Jenkins,  M.  A.  the  e- 
 jeered  Minifter  of  Chrift  Church,  who  died  this  Year  in 
 Newgate  ;he  was  educated  in  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge  ; 
 and  about  the  Year  1641.  was  chofen  Minifter  of  this  Place 
 and  Lecturer  of  Black  Friars,  both  which  pulpits  he  filled 
 with  great  Acceptance  till  the  Deftru6tion  of  Monarchy,  af- 
 ter which  he  was  fequefter'd  for  refufing  to  comply  with  the 
 Orders  of  Parliament.  He  was  fent  to  the  Tower  for  Love's 
 plot,  but  upon  his  humble  petition,  and  promife  of  Submif- 
 fion  to  the  powers  in  being  he  was  pardoned,  and  his  Se- 
 questration taken  off,  but  he  carefully  avoided  meddling  in 
 politicks  afterwards.  He  was  fummoned  before  the  Council 
 Jan.  2.  1 661.  and  reprimanded,  becaufe  he  forgot  to  pray  for 
 the  King ;  and  being  ejected  with  his  Brethren  in  1662.  he 
 retired  into  the  Country,  but  upon  the  Indulgence  in  1671 
 he-had  anew  Meeting-Houfe  ere  tied  for  him  in  Jewen  Street, 
 where  he  preached  to  a  crouded  Audience.     He  was  one  of 
 
 the 
 
Chap.  X.         of  the  Puritans. 
 
 the  Merchants  Lefturers  at  Pinners  Hall.  And  when  the 
 Indulgence  was  revoked  he  continued  preaching  as  he  could, 
 till  this  year;  but  September  2.  1684,  being  at  a  private 
 Faff,  with  fome  of  his  Brethren,  the  Soldiers  broke  in,  and 
 carried  Mr.  Jenkins  before  two  Aldermen,  who  treated  him 
 very  rudely,  and  upon  his  refufing  the  Oxford  Oath  com- 
 mitted him  to  Newgate;  when  he  was  there  he  petitioned 
 the  King  for  a  Releafe,  his  Phyficians  declaring,  that  his 
 Life  was  in  danger  from  his  clofe  confinement ;  but  no  Se- 
 curity would  be  accepted.  So  that  he  foon  declined  in  his 
 Health,  and  died  in  Newgate  in  the  Seventy  third  year  of 
 his  Age,  January  19.  1684-5.  when  he  had  been  Prifoner 
 four  Months  and  one  Week.  A  little  before  his  Death  he 
 faid,  "  A  Man  might  be  as  effectually  murdered  in  Newgate  as 
 at  Tyburn."  He  was  buried  by  his  Friends  in  Bunhill  Fields 
 with  great  Honour,  many  eminent  Perfons,  and  fome  fcores 
 of  Coaches  attending  his  Funeral. 
 
 This  was  the  Ufage  the  Diffenters  met  with  from  the 
 Church  of  England  at  this  Time,  which  had  hardly  a  parallel 
 in  the  Chriftian  World:  Remarkable  are  the  Words  of  the 
 Earl  of  Caftlemain,  a  Roman  Catholick,  on  this  occafion, 
 **  'Twas  never  known  (fays  he)  that  Rome  perfecuted  as  the  Peircc, 
 "  Bifhops  do,  thofe  who  adhere  to  the  fame  Faith  with  them-  p*  2S9* 
 "  felves ;  and  eftablifhed  an  Inquifition  againft  the  Profeffors 
 "  of  the  ftri£reft  Piety  among  themfelves ;  and  however  the 
 "  Prelates  complain  of  the  bloody  Perfecution  of  Queen 
 '*  Mary,  it  is  manifefr.  that  their  perfecution  exceeds  it,  for 
 •e  under  her  there  were  not  more  than  two  or  three  Hun- 
 *'  dred  put  to  Death,  whereas  under  their  perfecution  above 
 <c  treble  that  Number  have  been  rifled,  deftroyed,  and  rui- 
 "  ned  in  their  Efiatex,  Lives  and  Liberties,  being  (as  is 
 "  mofl:  remarkable)  Men  for  the  mofl  part  of  the  fame 
 "  Spirit  with  thofe  Proteflants  who  fuffered  under  the  Pre- 
 "  lates  in  Queen  Mary's  Time." 
 
 Mr.  Benjamin  Woodbridge,  M.  A.  the  ejected  Minifter  of  And.of  JJJ" 
 Newbury,  died  this  year.  He  was  bred  up  in  Magdalen  ^J' 
 College,  Oxon ;  from  thence  he  went  to  New  England,  and 
 was  the  firfl  Graduate  of  the  College  there.  When  he 
 came  back  to  England  he  fucceeded  Dr.  Twiffe  at  Newbu- 
 ry, where  he  had  a  mighty  reputation  as  a  Scholar,  a 
 Preacher,  a  Cafuift,  and  a  Chriftian.  He  was  a  great  In- 
 ftrument  of  reducing  the  whole  Town  to  Sobriety,  and  to 
 Family  as  well  as  Publick  Worfhip.  Upon  the  Reftoration 
 he  was  made  one  of  the  King's  Chaplains  in  ordinary,  and 
 preached  once  before  him.     He  was  one  of  the  Commiffio- 
 
 ners 
 
43  2 
 
 King 
 
 Charles  II. 
 
 1684. 
 
 Summary 
 of  the  Per- 
 fection in 
 Scotland,  p. 
 284. 
 
 Chara&or  of 
 the  Scots 
 Bifhop3  and 
 Clergy. 
 p.    2!7. 
 
 And  of  the 
 People. 
 
 The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y         Vol.  IV. 
 
 oners  at  the  Savoy,  and  very  defirous  of  an  Accommodation 
 with  the  Church  Patty.  He  was  offered  a  Canonry  of 
 Windfor,  but  refufed  it,  and  afterwards  fuffered  many 
 Ways  for  his  Non-Conformity,  tho'  he  was  generally  re- 
 fpe<5ted  and  beloved  by  all  that  were  Judges  of  real  Worth. 
 He  had  a  found  Judgment,  and  was  a  found  Preacher,  ha- 
 ving a  commanding  Voice  and  Air.  His  Temper  was 
 chearful,  and  his  Behaviour  obliging ;  he  was  exemplary  fcr 
 bis  Moderation,  and  of  confiderahle  Learning.  When  the 
 five  Mile  A&  took  Place  he  removed  from  Newberry  to  a 
 fmall  Diftance,  where  he  preached,  as  he  had  Opportunity. 
 He  was  liberal  to  the  Poor,  and  was  a  Good  ard  Great  Man 
 in  all  Refpedts.  He  died  at  Inglefield,  Nov.  1.  1684.  m  a 
 good  old  Age,  after  he  had  been  a  Minifter  in  thofe  Parts  al- 
 moft  forty  Years. 
 
 The  Sufferings  of  the  Prefbyterians  in  Scotland  run  parallel 
 with  thofe  of  England,  throughout  the  whole  Courfe  of  this 
 Reign  ;  but  the  People  were  not  quite  fo  tame  and  (ubmiffive : 
 The  fame  A£s  of  Severity  that  were  made  againft  the  Non- 
 Conformifts  in  England  were  enaited  in  Scotland,  or  rather 
 worfe.  Epifcopacy  was  reftored  May  8.  1662.  and  the  Co- 
 venant declared  to  be  an  unlawful  Oath.  AH  Perfons  in 
 Office  were  to  fign  a  '.'  Declaration  of  the  Unlawfulnels  of 
 "  taking  up  Arms  againft  the  King,  or  any  commiffioned  by 
 '*  him,  on  any  Pretence  whatfoever."  The  Aft  againft 
 Conventicles  which  paft  in  England,  was  copied,  and  paffed 
 almoftinto  the  fame  Terms  in  Scotland.  The  B  (hops  were 
 fome  of  the  worft  of  Men,  and  ha:ed  by  the  People  as  they 
 deferved,  for  their  Deportment  was  unbecoming  their 
 Function  (fays  Bifhop  Burnet)  fome  did  not  live  within  their 
 Diocefes,  and  thofe  that  did  feemed  to  take  no  Care  of  them: 
 They  fhewed  no  Zeal  againft  Vi  e ;  the  moft  eminently 
 wicked  in  the  Country  were  their  peculiar  Confidents;  nor 
 did  they  take  any  Care  to  keep  their  Clergy  to  their  Duty, 
 but  were  themielves  guilty  of  Levity,  and  a  carnal  Way 
 of  Living. 
 
 The  People  were  generally  of  the  Prefbyterian  Perfuafion, 
 and  flood  firm  by  one  another.  In  many  Places  they  were 
 fierce  and  untraceable,  and  generally  forfook  the  Churches  ; 
 the  whole  Country  complained  of  the  new  Epifcopal  Clergy, 
 as  immoral,  ftupid,  ignorant,  and  fet  upon  Gain  ;  they 
 treated  them  with  an  Averfion  that  fometimes  broke  out  into 
 Violence.  Many  were  brought  before  the  Council,  and 
 Ecciefiaftical  Commiffion,  for  not  coming  to  Church,  but 
 the  Proofs  were   generally  defective,  fcr  the  People  would 
 
 not 
 
Chap.  X.  of  the  Pu  r  i  tans.  433 
 
 not   give  Evidence  againft  one  another.     However,  great      King 
 Numbers  were   caft   into   Prifon,    and  ill  u fed  ;  fome  were  Char  gSl1, 
 fined  ;  and  the   younger    Sort    whipt  publickly  about  the  .    -  ~_f 
 Streets ;   Co  that  great  Numbers  tranfported  their  Families  to 
 Ulfter  in  Ireland,   where  they  were  well  received. 
 
 The  Government  obferved  no  Meafures  with  this  People}  Proceedings 
 Ihey  exacted  exorbitant  Fines  for  their  not  coming  to  Church,  veri)mOTt  p# 
 and  quarter'd  Soldiers  upon  them  till  they  were  ruined.     The  211,  aia» 
 Truth  is  (fays  Burnet)  the  whole  Face  of    the   Government 
 look'd  more  like  the  Proceedings  of  an  Inquifition   than   of 
 legal  Courts.     At  length,   in  the  Year  1666,  Sir  James  Tur- 
 ner being  fent  into  the  Weft  to  levy  Fines  at  Dlfcretion,  the 
 People  rofe  up  in  Arms,    and    publifhed   a   Manifefto,    that 
 they    did    not  take  Arms  againft  the  King,  but  only  "   that 
 '.'  they  might  be  delivered  from  the  Tyranny  of  the  Bifhops, 
 "  and  that  Prefbytery  and  the  Covenant    might    be   fet   up, 
 "  and  their  old  Miniflers   reftored."      They    took   Turner 
 and  all   his   Soldiers   Priforjers,    but   marching  out  of  their  rnfurre<iUon. 
 Country  they    were  difperfed   by  the  King's  Forces,  about  Burnetp. 
 forty  being  killed,  and  one  hundred  and  thirty   taken  Prifo-  a37« 
 ners  ;   many  of  whom  were  hanged  before  their  own  Doors, 
 and    died    with    great    Firmnefs    and  Joy.      Mr.    Maccail 
 their    Minifter   underwent    the   torture,     and     died    with 
 great  Conftancy ;     his  laft    Words    were,  "  Farewel  Sun, 
 "  Moon     and    Stars ;      farewel     Kindred    and     Friends, 
 "  World  and  Time,  and  this  weak  and   frail    Body;     and 
 "  welcome     Eternity,    welcome   Angels  and  Saints,  wel- 
 *'  come  Saviour  of  the  World,    and    Gad,    the   Judge   of 
 «'  all  !"  which  he  fpoke  in  a  Manner  that  (truck  all   that 
 heard  it.     The  Commander  of  the  King's  Forces  killed  fome  of  Houfc 
 in  cold  Blood,  threaten'd  to  fpit  others  and  roaft  them  alive,  and  Field 
 
 When  the  Indulgence  was  publifhed  in  England  the  Scots  Conventi- 
 had  the  Benefit  of  it,  but  when  it  was  taken  away  the  per- 
 fecution  revived,  with  inexpiefliblefeverity,  under  the  adtni- 
 niftration of  Duke  Lauderdale.  Conventicles  abounded  in 
 all  parts  of  the  Country  ;  the  Prefbyterian  Minifters  preached 
 in  their  own  houfes  to  numbers  of  People  that  ftood  without 
 doors  to  hear  them  ;  and  when  they  were  difperfed  by  the 
 Magiftrates  they  went  out  into  the  Fields  with  their  Minifters 
 to  hear  the  word  of  God ;  and  to  prevent  being;  diftur- 
 bed,  they  carried  arms  lufficient  for  their  defence.  Upon 
 which  a  very  fevere  A£r.  was  palled  againft  Houfe  Con- 
 venticles and  Field  Conventicles,  declaring  them  treafona- 
 ble;    and    tt.e   landlords  in   whofe  grounds  they  were  held 
 
 Vol.  IV.  E  e  were 
 
434 
 
 King 
 
 Charles     II. 
 
 1684. 
 
 p.  291, 
 370,  300. 
 
 The    HISTORY 
 
 Vol.  IVc 
 
 p.511; 
 
 IffetVs  of 
 the  Perfe- 
 ction. 
 p.  519,  524. 
 
 King 
 Charles 
 the  2d's 
 Death. 
 
 were  to  be  feverely  fined,  unlefs  they  difcovered  the  per- 
 fons  prefent.  But  ftill  this  did  not  terrify  the  People,  who 
 met  together  in  defiance  of  the  Law.  Writs  wereiflued 
 out  againft  many  who  were  called  Cameronians,  who  were 
 outlawed,  and  therefore  left  their  Houfes,  and  travelled 
 about  the  Country,  till  at  length  they  collected  into  a  body, 
 and  declared  that  *  the  King  had  forfeited  the  Crown  of 
 "  that  Kingdom  by  renouncing  the  Covenant  j  but  the 
 Duke  of  Monmouth  being  fent  to  dilperfe  them,  routed 
 them  at  Bothwel  Bridge,  killing  four  hundred,  and  taking 
 twelve  hundred  Prifoners  ;  two  Minifters  were  hanged,  and 
 two  hundred  banifhed  to  the  Plantations,  who  were  all  loft 
 at  Sea.  Camero  their  Preacher  fell  in  battle,  but  Hack- 
 (ton  and  Cargil,  the  two  other  Preachers,  died  with  invin- 
 cible courage  ;  as  did  all  the  reft,  who  were  offered  their 
 Lives  if  they  would  fay,  "  God  blefs  the  King  !"  Hack- 
 fton  had  both  his  Hands  cut  off",  which  he  fuffered  with  a 
 conftancy  and  rapture  that  amazed  all  People.  When  both 
 his  Hands  were  cut  off,  he  aflced,  whether  they  would  cut 
 off  his  Feet  too  ?  And  notwithstanding  all  his  Iofs  of  Blood, 
 when  he  was  hanged,  and  his  Heart  cut  out  of  his  Body, 
 it  was  alive  upon  the  Hangman's  Knife. 
 
 At  length  (fays  Bifhop  Burnet)  things  came  to  that  Ex- 
 tremity, that  the  People  faw  they  muft  come  to  Church  or 
 be  undone,  but  they  came  in  (b  aukard  a  manner  that  it  was 
 vifible  they  did  not  come  to  ferve  God  but  to  fave  their  Sub- 
 ftance,  for  they  were  talking  or  fleeping  during  the  whole 
 Service.  This  introduced  a  fort  of  Atheifm  among  the 
 younger  People.  But  the  Inquifition  was  fo  terrible,  that 
 great  numbers  left  their  native  Country  and  fettled  in  the 
 Plantations.  Thefe  methods  of  converfion  Were  fubverfive 
 of  Chriftianity,  and  a  reproach  to  a  proteftant  Church  and 
 Nation  ;  but  oppreffion  and  tyranny  had  overfpread  the  Eng- 
 lish Dominions ;  the  Hearts  of  all  good  Men  failed  them 
 for  fear,  and  for  looking  after  thofe  things  that  were  coming 
 on  the  land  ;  the  Clouds  were  gathering  thick  over  their 
 Heads,  and  there  was  no  other  defence  againft  an  inundati- 
 on of  Popery  and  Slavery,  but  the  thin  fecurity  of  the  King's 
 Life. 
 
 To  return  to  England  :  When  the  King  had  made  way 
 for  a  popifh  Succeffor,  by  introducing  an  arbitrary  and  ty- 
 rannical Government,  his  Majefty  began  to  think  himfelf 
 neglected,  all  the  Court  being  made  to  the  Rifing  Sun  j  up- 
 on which  he  was  heard  to  fay  in  fome  paffion,  *'  That  if  he 
 "  lived  a  Month  longer  h«  would  find  a  way  to  make  him- 
 felf 
 
Chap.  X.  of  the  P  u  r  i  t  A  N  S:  43  j 
 
 «  felf  eafy  for  the  remainder  of  his  Life."     This  was  inter-   ^s  ^ 
 preted  as  a  defign  to  change  hands,  by  fending  abroad    the      ,684. 
 Duke  of  York,  and  recalling  the  Duke  of  Monmouth  ;  which*— -y^J 
 ftruck  terror  into   the  popifh  Party,  and  is  thought  to  have' 
 haften'd    the    King's  death,  who  was  feized  with  a  kind  of  Burnet,  p. 
 Apoplexy,   Feb,  2,    and  died  on  the  Friday  following,  Feb.  6°9' 
 6,   1684-5.  in  the  fifty  fourth  year  of  his  Age,  not  without 
 remarkable  fufpiciort  of  poifon,  either  by  Snuff,  or  an  infufion 
 in  Broth,  as  Bilhop  Burnet,  and  others  of  undoubted  cre- 
 dit have  affured  us,  for  the  Body  Was  not  fuffered  to  be 
 thoroughly  examined. 
 
 King   Charles  II.  was  a  Gentleman  of  Wit  and  Good-  And  Cha- 
 nature,    till  his  Temper  was  foured  in  the  latter  part  of  his  raaer* 
 Life  by  his  popifh  Counfellors.     His  Court  was  a  fcene  of 
 Luxury,    and   all   kinds  of  Lewdnefs,  and  his  profufe  ex- 
 pences  upon  unlawful  pleafures,  reduced  him  to  the  neceffi- 
 
 ty  of  being   a   Penfioner   of  France.- -If  he  had   any 
 
 Religion  it  was  that  of  a  difguifed  Papift,  or  rather  a  Deift  ; 
 but  he  was  ftrangely  entangled  all  his  Life  long  with  the 
 obligations  he  had  been  brought  urHer  fomewhere  to  the 
 Roman  Catholicks.  He  j:med  at  being  an  abfolute  Mo- 
 narch, but  would  be  at  no  further  trouble  than  to  give  his 
 corrupt  Ministry  liberty  to  do  what  they  would  to  accom- 
 plifh  it.  The  King  had  a  great  many  Vices  (fays  Burnet) 
 but  few  Virtues  to  correct  them.  Religion  was  with  him 
 no  more  than  an  Engine  of  State.  He  hated  the  Non-con- 
 formifts  becaufe  they  appeared  againfr.  the  Prerogative,  and 
 received  the  Fire  of  all  the  Enemies  of  the  Constitution  and 
 Proteftant  Religion,  with  an  unfhaken  firmnels.  His  Ma- 
 jesty's chief  concern  at  lafi:  was  for  his  Brother's  Succeflion; 
 and  when  he  came  to  die  he  fnewed  no  remorfe  for  an  ill 
 fpent  Life  ;  not  a  word  of  Religion  was  heard  from  him : 
 No  tendernefs  for  his  Subjects,  nor  concern  for  his  Queen, 
 but  only  a  recommendation  of  his  Miftreffes  and  their  Chil- 
 dren to  his  Brother.  So  that  no  Englifh  Vlan,  or  lover  of 
 his  Country,  could  w;fh.  for  the  Life  of  iuch  a  Prince,  from 
 any  other  motive  than  his  keeping  out  a  SuccefTor  who  was 
 worfe  than  himfelf. 
 
 E  c  %  CHAP,' 
 
43  ^ 
 
 The    HISTORY 
 
 Vol.  IV. 
 
 CHAP.    XL 
 
 King 
 
 James  II. 
 
 1685. 
 
 State  of  the 
 Nation. 
 Burnet,  p. 
 620. 
 
 Gazette, 
 No.  2018. 
 
 Sewel,  p. 
 
 594- 
 Eachard, 
 p.  105 1. 
 
 The  King 
 begins  his 
 Reign  with 
 arbitrary 
 and  fevere 
 Methcda. 
 
 From   the  Death  of  King  Charles  II.  to  King  James  lid's 
 Declaration  for  Liberty  of  Confcience. 
 
 TT7  H  E  N  the  news  of  the  late  King's  Death  was  fpread 
 *  V  over  the  City,  a  penftve  fadnefs  was  vifible  in  moft 
 Countenances  for  the  fate  of  the  Kingdom.  His  Majefty 
 told  the  Privy  Council  at  his  firft  meeting  them,  that  "  as 
 "  he  would  never  depart  from  any  branch  of  the  Preroga- 
 "  tive,  fo  he  would  not  invade  any  Man's  Property,  but 
 <c  would  preferve  the  Government  as  by  Law  eftablifhed  in 
 "  Church  and  State."  Which  pleafed  the  Clergy  fo 
 much,  that  the  Pulpits  all  over  England  refounded  with 
 Thankfgivings ;  and  a  fet  of  AddreiTes  from  all  Counties 
 flatter'd  his  Majefty  in  the  ftrongeft  ExpreiTions  with  Aflu- 
 rances  of  unfliaken  Loyalty  and  Obedience,  without  Limi- 
 tation orReferve.  Among  others  was  the  humble  addrefs 
 of  the  Univerfity  of  Oxford  ;  in  which,  after  exprefling 
 their  forrow  for  the  Death  of  the  late  King,  they  add,  that 
 *'  they  can  never  fwerve  from  the  principles  of  their  Infti- 
 "  tution,  and  their  Religion  by  Law  eic  .blifhed,  which  in- 
 Ct  difpeniably  binds  them  to  bear  Faith  and  true  Obedience 
 "  to  their  Sovereign  without  any  Limitation  or  Reftri&ion, 
 *'  and  that  no  confideration  whatfoever  mould  make  their 
 "  Loyalty  and  Allegiance.  And  the  Univerfity  of  Cam- 
 "  bridge,  add,  that  Loyalty  [or  unlimited  Obedience]  is  a 
 *'  Duty  flowing  from  the  very  principle  of  their  Religion, 
 "  by  which  they  have  been  enabled  to  breed  up  as  true  and 
 **  Heady  Subjects  as  the  World  can  fhew,  as  well  in  Doc- 
 *'  trine  as  Practice,  from  which  they  can  never  depart." 
 The  Quakers  Addrefs  was  more  plain  and  honeft  ;  "  We 
 "  are  come  (fay  they)  to  certify  our  forrow  for  the  Death  of 
 "  our  good  [ Friend  Charles,  and  our  joy  for  thy  being 
 "  made  "our  Governor.  We  are  told  thou  art  not  of  the 
 "  perfii-mon  of  the  Church  of  England,  no  more  than  we, 
 "  therefore  we  hope  thou  wilt  grant  us  thg  fame  Liberty 
 "  which  thou  allcweft  thyfelf;  which  doing  we  wifh  thee 
 iS  all  manner  of   Happinefs." 
 
 The  King  began  his  Reign  with  a  frank  and  open  Decla- 
 ration of  his  Religion,  for  the  firft  Sunday  after  his  Accerli- 
 on  he  went  publickly  to  Mafs,  and  obliged  Father  Huddle- 
 fton,  who  attended  the  late  King  in  his  laft  Hours,  to  de- 
 clare to  tke  World  that  he  died  a  Roman  Catholick .    His 
 
 Majefty 
 
Chap.  XI.        of  the  P  u  s  i  t  a  n  si  437 
 
 Majefty  afted  the   part  of  an  abfolute  Sovereign  from  the     King 
 very   firft,    for   tho'  he  declared  he  would  invade  no  Man's  ^im^, 
 property,  yet  he  iffued  out  a    Proclamation   for  collecting  «   —  —  _j 
 the  duties  of  Tonnage  and  Poundage.  &c.  which  were  given 
 to  the  late  King  only  for  Life,  for  which  the  Lawyers  at  the 
 Temple  returned  him  thanks ;  and  in  his  Letter  to  the  Scots 
 Parliament,   which  met   March  28th,  he  lays,   "  lam   re- 
 "   folyed  to  maintain  my  Power  in  its  greateft  Luflre,  that  I 
 "  may  be  better  able  to  defend  your  Religion  againft  Fana- 
 "  ticks." 
 
 Before  the  King  had  reigned  above  two  Months  he  began  His  Seven- 
 to  difcover  fevere  refentments  againft  the  "  Enemies  of  his  lX  l°ward.s 
 
 Kehgion,    and   ot  his   bucceihon   to  the  Crown.       Dr.  Bumet,  p. 
 Oates  was  brought  out  of  prifon  and  tried  for  Perjury,  in  the  637* 
 affair  of  the  popifh  Plot,  for  which  he  was  fentenced  to  ftand 
 in  the  Pillory   feveral   times,    to  be  whipt  from  Aldgate  to 
 Newgate,  and  from  thence  to  Tyburn  ;  which  was  exerci- 
 fed   with  a    feverity  unknown  to  the  Englifh  Nation.     And 
 Dangerfield,  who   had  invented   the  Meal  Tub  Plot,  for 
 which  he  declared  he  had  received  Money  from  the  Duke  of 
 York,  was  indi&ed  for  a  Libel,  and  was  fined  five  hundred 
 Pounds.     He   was  alfo  fentenced  to  be  pillory'd  and  whipt 
 from  Newgate  to  Tyburn,  and  in  his  return  home  was  mur- 
 dered in  the  Coach,  by  one  Frances  a  Barrifter  at  Law,  for 
 which  he   was  hanged.     The  Whigs  who  went  to  Court  to 
 pay  their  Duty  to    the   King,   were  received    but  coldly  ; 
 fome  were  reproached,   and  others  denied  accefs,  efpecially 
 thofe  who  had  diftinguifhed  themfelves  for  the  Bill  of  Ex- 
 clufion.     In  the  Election  of  a  new  Parliament  all  methods  A  new 
 of  corruption  and  violence  were  ufed  to  have  fuch  Members  „ar  la'T1€nt• 
 
 '  .  .         Burnet,  p. 
 
 returned  as  would  ferve  the  King's  arbitrary  Defigns,  which  $aa,  $25. 
 gave  all  confidering  people  a  melancholy  profpett.     When 
 the  Houfes  met,  May  22,  the  King  repeated  what  he  had 
 faid  in  Council,  "  That  he  would  preferve  the  Government 
 "  in  Church  and  State  as  by  Law  eftablifhed."     Which  Ra- 
 pin  Jays,  he  never  intended  ;  for  he  infinuated  in  his  Speech, 
 that  he  would  not  depend  on  the  precarious  Aids  of  Parlia- 
 ment, nor  meet  them    often,  if  they  did  not  ufe  him  well. 
 But  the  Parliament  unanimouily  fettled  all  the  Revenues  of  Sazette',c 
 his  late  Majefty  upon  the  King  for  Life,  which  amounted  to         °3  ' 
 more  than   two  Millions  a  year  ;  and  prefented  an  Addrefs 
 to  h;s  Majefty,  May  27,  to  defire  him  to  iffue  forth  his  Roy- 
 al Proclamation,   to  caufe  the   '*  penal  Laws  to  be  put  in 
 "  Execution  againft  Diflenters  from  the  Church  of  Eng- 
 "  land." 
 
 Ee  ?  This 
 
438 
 
 King 
 
 James  II. 
 
 1685. 
 
 Perfecution 
 revived. 
 
 The   HISTORY 
 
 Vol.  IV. 
 
 Mr.  Bax- 
 ter's Trial. 
 
 This  brought  down  the  Storm,  and  revived  the  perfecu- 
 tion, which  had  flackened  a  little  upon  the  late  King's 
 Death.  His  Majefty  was  now  encouraged  to  purfue  his 
 Brother's  Measures.  The  Tories,  who  adhered  firmly  to 
 the  prerogative,  were  gratified  with  all  the  Liberty  they 
 could  wifh  for  to  diftrefs  the  Diffenters,  who  were  to  be  fa^ 
 crificed  over  again  to  a  bigotted  Clergy,  and  an  incenfed 
 King,  who  was  zealous  for  their  deftru£tion  (fays  Bifhop 
 Kennet)  in  order  to  unite  and  encreafe  the  Strength  of  Po- 
 pery, which  he  favoured  without  Referve.  Upon  this  all 
 Meeting  Houfes  of  Protefiant  Difienters  were  fhut  up,  the 
 new  Trade  of  Informing  revived  and  flourifhed  ;  the  Spiri- 
 tual Courts  were  crouded  with  Bufinefs  ;  private  Conventi- 
 cles were  broke  up  in  all  parts  of  the  City  and  Country.  If 
 they  furprized  the  Minifter  he  was  pulled  out  of  his  Pulpit 
 by  Conftables  or  Soldiers,  and  together  with  his  People  car- 
 ried before  a  confiding  Juftice  of  Peace,  who  obliged  them 
 to  pay  their  Fines  or  go  immediately  to  Prifon.  If  the  Mi- 
 nifter was  gone  they  ranfacked  the  Houfe  from  top  to  bot- 
 tom ;  tore  down  Hangings,  broke  open  Chambers  and 
 Clofets ;  entered  the  Rooms  of  thofe  who  were  fick ;  and 
 offered  all  kinds  of  rudenefs  and  incivilities  to  the  Family, 
 tho'  they  met  with  no  manner  of  Oppofition  or  Refiftance, 
 Shop-keepers  were  feparated  from  their  Trades  and  Bufi- 
 nefs ;  and  fometimes  Wives  from  their  Hufbands  and  young 
 Children  ;  feveral  Families  were  obliged  to  remove  to  diftant 
 places  to  avoid  the  direful  effe&s  of  an  Excommunication 
 from  the  Commons  ;  and  great  fums  of  Money  were  ex- 
 torted from  the  honeft  induftryof  the  People.  Diffenting 
 Minifters  could  neither  travel  the  Road,  nor  appear  in  pub- 
 lick  but  in  difguife  ;  nay,  they  were  afraid  to  be  feen  in  the 
 Houfes  of  their  Friends,  Purfuivants  from  the  Spiritual 
 Courts  being  always  abroad  upon  the  Watch. 
 ~  One  of  the  firft  that  came  into  trouble  was  the  Reverend 
 Mr.  Baxter,  who  was  committed  to  the  King's-Bench  Pri» 
 for.,  February  28,  for  fome  exceptionable  paflages  in  his  Pa- 
 raphrafe  on  the  New  Teftament,  reflecting  on  the  order  of 
 Diocefan  Bifhops,  and  the  lawfulnefs  of  Refiftance  in  fome 
 poflible  Cafes.  The  paflages  were  in  his  Paraphrafe  on  Matth. 
 v.  19.  Markix.  39.  Mark  xi.  31.  Markxii.  38,  39,  40.Luke 
 x.  2.  John  xi.  57  and  Acts  xv,  2.  They  were  collected  by  Sir 
 Roger  L'Eftrange  j  and  a  certain  noted  Clergyman,  report- 
 ed to  be  Dr.  Sh— ck,  put  into  the  Hands  of  his  Enemies  fome 
 accufations  from  Rom.  xiii.  that  might  touch  his  Life,  but 
 no  ufe  was  made  of  them.  Mr.  Baxter  being  ill,  moved  by 
 
 his 
 
Chap. 
 
 XL       of  the  Pu  ritan  s.~  439 
 
 his  Council  for  time  ;  but  Jefferies  faid,  he  would  not  give     King 
 him  a   minute's  time   to   fave  his  Life.     "  Yonder  ftands  "^g*1** 
 
 "  Oates  in  the  Pillory  (fays  he)  and  if  Baxter  flood  on  the  " ,  —  — , 
 
 '*  other  fide,  I  would  fay  two  of  the  greateft  Rogues  in 
 "  England  flood  there."  He  was  brought  to  his  Trial  May 
 30,  but  the  chief  Juftice  would  not  admit  his  Council  to 
 plead  for  their  Client.  When  Mr  Baxter  offered  to  fpeak 
 for  himfelf,  Jefferies  called  him  a  fnivelling  canting  Prefby- 
 terian,  and  faid,  "  Richard,  Richard,  don't  thou  think  we 
 "  will  hear  thee  poifon  the  Court.  Richard,  thou  art  an  old 
 "  Fellow,  and  an  old  Knave ;  thou  haft  written  Books 
 "  enough  to  load  a  Cart,  every  one  as  full  of  Sedition,  I 
 "  might  fay  of  Treafon,  as  an  Egg  is  full  of  Meat :  Hadfi 
 f*  thou  been  whipt  out  of  thy  writing  Trade  forty  years  ago 
 *c  it  had  been  happy.  Thou  pretended  to  be  a  Preacher  of 
 V  the  Gofpel  of  Peace,  and  thou  haft  one  foot  in  the  Grave, 
 *'  'tis  time  for  thee  to  begin  to  think  what  account  thou  in- 
 if  tended  to  give  ;  but  leave  thee  to  thyfelf  and  I  fee  thou 
 **  wilt  go  on  as  thou  haft  begun,  but  by  the  Grace  of  God 
 "  I'll  look  after  thee.  I  know  thou  haft  a  mighty  party, 
 "  and  I  fee  a  great  many  of  the  Brotherhood  in  Corners, 
 "  waiting  to  fee  what  will  become  of  their  mighty  Don, 
 "  and  a  Doctor  of  the  party  [Doctor  Bates]  at  your  Elbow, 
 "  but  by  the  Grace  of  Almighty  God  I  will  crufh  you  all." 
 Jefferies  having  directed  the  Jury,  they  found  him  Guilty 
 without  going  from  the  Bar,  and  fined  him  five  hundred 
 Marks,  to  lie  in  Prifon  till  he  paid  it,  and  be  bound  to  his 
 good  behaviour  for  feven  years.  Mr.  Baxter  continued  in 
 rrftbn  about  two  years,  and  when  the  Court  changed  mea- 
 fures  his  fine  was  remitted,  and  he  was  releafed. 
 
 The  Rebellion  of  the  Duke  of  Monmouth  gave  the  Duke  of 
 Court  a  plaufible  handle  to  carry  the  profecution  of  the  m°"t"h's 
 Whigs  and  Diffenters  to  a  further  Extremity.  There  was  Rebellion^ 
 a  considerable  number  of  Engliih.  Fugitives  in  Holland  at 
 titis  time,  fome  on  political  accounts,  and  others  on  the 
 fcore  of  Religion.  The  King  being  apprehenfive  of  danger 
 from  thence  obliged  the  Prince  of  Orange  to  difmifs  the 
 Duke  of  Monmouth  from  his  Court,  and  to  break  all  thofe 
 Officers  that  had  waited  upon  him,  and  -vho  were  in  his  Ser- 
 vice ;  this  precipitated  the  Counfels  of  the  Malecontents, 
 and  made  them  refolve  upon  a  rafh  and  ill  concerted  Invailon, 
 which  proved  their  ruin.  The  Earl  of  Argyle  imagining  all 
 the  Scots  Prefbyterians  would  revolt,  failed  to  the  North  of 
 Scotland  with  a  very  fmall  force,  but  was  defeated  with  the 
 effufion  of  very  little  Blood,  before  the  Declaration  which 
 E  e  4  h$ 
 
440 
 
 King. 
 
 James  II. 
 
 1685. 
 
 It  affe<fts 
 the  Non- 
 conformifts. 
 
 Jefferies 
 and     o'. 
 Kjrk's  Cru- 
 elties in  the 
 Weft, 
 
 i  '.  p. 
 647.  <M8. 
 
 Sennet's 
 Mem.  p. 
 
 The    HISTORY         Vol.  IV- 
 
 he  brought  with  him  could  have  any  effe&.  After  him  the 
 Duke  of  Monmouth,  with  a  like  precipitate  raftinefs,  land- 
 ed June  11,  with  an  inconfiderable  force  at  Lime  inDor- 
 fetfhire  ;  and  tho'  he  was  joined  by  great  numbers  in  the 
 Weft  Country,  he  was  defeated  by  the  King's  Forces,  taken 
 prifoner,  and  executed  on  Tower-hill;  as  the  Earl  of  Ar-» 
 gyle  was  at  Edinburgh. 
 
 Though  the  Body  of  the  Diffenters  were  not  concerned 
 in  either  of  the  Invafions,  they  fuffered  confiderably  on  this 
 occafion.  Great  numbers  of  their  chief  Merchants  and 
 Tradefmen  in  the  City  being  taken  up  by  Warrants  and  fe- 
 cured  in  Gaols,  and  in  the  publick  Halls ;  as  were  many 
 Country  Whig  Gentlemen,  and  others,  in  York  Caftle, 
 Hull,  and  the  prifons  all  over  England,  which  had  this  good 
 effecl,  that  it  kept  them  out  of  harms  way,  while  many  of 
 their  Friends  were  ruined  by  joining  the  Duke  ;  fome  from  a 
 perfuafion  that  the  late  King  was  married  to  his  Mother; 
 and  others  in  hopes  of  a  merciful  deliverance  from  Popery 
 and  Slavery. 
 
 The  King  lifted  up  with  Succefs  refolved  to  let  both 
 Whigs  and  Dilfenters  feel  the  weight  of  his  conquering 
 Arm  :  His  Army  lived  upon  Free-quarter  in  the  Weft,  and 
 treated  all  who  were  fuppofed  to  be  difaffe&ed  with  great 
 Rudenefs  and  Violence.  Some  days  after  the  battle  Colonel 
 Kirk  ordered  feveral  of  the  prifoners  to  be  hanged  up  at 
 Taur.ton  without  any  Trial  or  form  of  Law,  while  he  and 
 his  Company  were  dancing,  revelling,  and  drinking  healths 
 at  a  neighbouring  Window,  with  a  variety  of  Mufick,  from 
 whence  they  beheld  with  a  more  than  brutifh  Triumph  the 
 dreadful  Spectacle.  The  Gaols  being  full  of  prifoners  the 
 King-  ap  ;::jied  Lord  Che  Juftice  Jefferies  to  go  the 
 Weflern  Circuit,  whofe  cruel  behaviour  was  beyond  any 
 thing  that  was  ever  heard  of  in  a  civilised  Nation  :  He  was 
 always  either  drunk  or  in  a  fury.  When  the  Juries  brought 
 in  perfons  not  Guilty,  he  threaten'd  and  confined  them  till 
 they  brought  in  a  VerdiSt  to  his  mind,  as  in  the  Cafe  of  the 
 old  Lady  Lille,  who  was  beheaded,  for  admitting  Mr. 
 Hicks,  a  Non-conformift  Minffter,  into  her  Houfe,  tho'  the 
 jury  brought,  her  in  three  times  not  Guilty  ;  and  ihe  fo- 
 lemnfy  declared,  tha'r  Hie  knew  not  that  he  had  been  in  the 
 Duke';;  Army.  He  perfuaded  many  of  the  prifoners  to 
 plead  Guilty  in  hopes  of  favour,  and  then  taking  advantage 
 of  their  Coofeffion,  ordered  their  immediate  Execution, 
 without  giving  them  a'minvte's  time  to  fay  their  prayers. 
 Mr.  Tutchin,  who  writ  the  Obfervator,  was  (Sentenced  to  be 
 
 im- 
 
Cbap.  XI.         of  the  Puritan  s.  441 
 
 imprifon'd  feven  years,  and  to   be  whipt  once  every  year      Km|r 
 through  all  the  Towns  in  Dorfetfhire  ;  upon  which  he  peti-      ^L  " 
 tioned  the  King  that  he  might  be  hanged.     Bifhop  Burnet  v>rV^ 
 fays,  that  in  feveral  places  of  the  Weft  there  were  executed 
 near  fix  hundred  perfons,  and  that  the  quarters  of  two  or 
 three  hundred   were  fixed  upon  Gibbets,  and   hung  upon 
 Trees  all  over  the  Country  for  fifty  or  fixty  miles  about,  to 
 the  great  annoyance  of  Travellers.     The  manner  in  which 
 he  treated   the  prifoners  was  barbarous  and  inhumane  ;  and 
 his   behaviour  towards   fome  of  the  Nobility  and  Gentry 
 who    were   well   affected,  but  came  to  plead  in  favour  of 
 fome  of  the  Criminals,  would  have  amazed  one  (fays  Bifhop 
 Burnet)  if  done  by  a  Bafhaw  in  Turkey  :  England  had  ne- 
 ver known   any    thing  like  it.     The  King  was  acquainted  Ib'P'*$» 
 with   his   proceedings  every  day,  and  fpoke  of  it  in  a  ftile 
 that  neither   became    the  Majefty  nor    Mercy  of  a  great 
 Prince.  And  Jefferies,  beildes  fatiating  himfelf  with  Blood, 
 got  great  Sums  of  Money  by  felling  pardons  to  fuch  as  were 
 able  to  purchafe  them,    from  ten  Pounds  to  fourteen  thou- 
 fand  Guineas  a-piece. 
 
 After  the  Executions  in  the  Weft,   the  King  being  in  the  J" fevcre 
 height  of  his  power,  refolved  to   be    revenged    of  his  old  ot'  tae 
 Enemies,  the    Whigs,  by   making  examples  of  their  chief  whigs. 
 Leaders :  Alderman  Cornifh,  who  had  fignalized  himfelf  in 
 profecuting   the  popifh  Plot,  and  was  frequently   in  Com- 
 pany with  the  late  Lord  Ruffel,  was  taken  offthe  Exchange," 
 October  13,  and    within    little  more   than  a   Week  tried, 
 condemned,  and  executed   for  high  Treafon  in    Cheapfide, 
 without  any  tolerable   Evidence,  and  his  Quarters  fet  upon 
 Guildhall.     On  the  fame  day  Mrs.  Gaunt,  a  Diffenter,  who  Burnet,  p. 
 fpent  a  great  part  of  her  Life  in  a£h  of  Charity,  vifiting  the  649« 
 Gaok,  and  looking  after  the  poocof  what  perfuafion  foever, 
 having  entertained  Burton,  one  of  Monmouth's  Men  in  her 
 Houfe,he,  by  an  unheard  of  bafenefs,  while  (he  was  looking 
 out  tor  an  opportunity  to  fend  him  out  of  the  Kingdom,  went 
 out  and  accufed  her  tor  harbouring  him,  and   by  that  means 
 faved  his  own  life  by  taking  awav  hers  :  /he  was  burnt  alive 
 at    Tyburn,  and   died   with    great    courage   and   devotion. 
 Mr.   Bateman   a   Surgeon,   Mr..  Roufe,  Mr.  Fernley,  Col. 
 Ayloffe,  Mr.  Nelthorpe,  and  others,  furTered  in  like  manner. 
 Lord  Stamford  was  admitted  to  bail,   and  Lord  Delamere 
 was  tried  by  his  Peers  ahd  acquitted.     Many  that  had  corre- 
 fponded  with  the  Duke  of  Monmouth  abfeonded,  and  had 
 proclamations  aga'mft  thejn,   as  John   Trenchard,  Efq;  Mr. 
 Speke,  and  others.     But  ill  that  fuffer'd  in  this  caufe,  expref- 
 
 (ed 
 
44* 
 
 King 
 Jimes  II. 
 
 1685. 
 
 King's 
 Speech  to 
 his  Parlia- 
 ment. 
 Gajette. 
 No,  2085. 
 
 Burn. 
 p.  667. 
 
 i685. 
 Some  turn 
 from  the 
 Church 
 to  1  he   Dif 
 Centers. 
 Calamv's 
 Abridg. 
 p.  460,  &c. 
 
 Pro.^refs  of 
 the  Perlecu- 
 tion. 
 Calimy, 
 
 p.  l$Lt 
 
 373- 
 
 TheHISTORY        Vol.  IV. 
 
 fed  fuch  3  zeal  for  the  Proteftant  Religion,  which  they  ap- 
 prehended in  danger,  as  made  great  impreffions  on  the  fpe&a- 
 tors.  Some  laid  the  King  was  hurried  on  by  JefFeries  ;  but 
 if  his  own  inclinations  had  not  been  biaffed  this  way,  and  if 
 his  Priefts  had  not  thought  it  their  intereft  to  take  off  fo  many 
 active  Proteftants,  who  oppofed  their  meafures,  they  would 
 not  have  let  that  Butcher  loofe  (fays  Burnet)  to  commit  fo 
 many  barbarous  a£ts  of  cruelty  as  (truck  an  universal  horror 
 over  the  body  of  the  nation.  It  was  a  bloody  fummer,  and 
 a  dangerous  time  for  honeft  men  to  live  in. 
 
 When  the  King  met  his  Parliament,  November  9.  he  con- 
 gratulated them  on  thefuccefsof  his  arms;  but  told  them,  that 
 in  order  to  prevent  any  newdilturbances,  he  was  determined  to 
 keep  the  prefent  army  together  ;  and  let  no  *'  man  (fays  his 
 "  Majefty)  take  exceptions  that  lbme  officers  are  not  qualifi- 
 "  fied,  for  they  are  mod  of  them  known  to  me  for  the  loy- 
 *\  alty  of  their  principles  and  practices ;  and  therefore  to  deal 
 l(  plainly  with  you,  after  having  had  the  benefit  of  their  fer- 
 u  vices  in  a  time  of  need  and  danger,  I  will  neither   expofe 
 
 "  them  to  difgrace,  nor  my  felf  to  the  want  of  them " 
 
 Thus  we  were  to  have  a  ftanding  army  under  popifh  officers, 
 in  defiance  of  the  penal  laws  and  teft.  The  Commons  would 
 have  given  them  an  A&  of  indemnity  for  what  was  part,  but 
 the  King  would  not  accept  it :  and  becaufe  the  houfe  was  not 
 difpofed  to  his  difpenfing  power,  he  prorogued  them  Nov.  20. 
 when  they  had  fat  but  eleven  Days ;  and  after  many  fucceffive 
 Prorogations  for  two  years  diffolved  them. 
 
 The  Profecution  of  the  DifTenters,  which  was  earned  on 
 with  all  imaginable  feverity  this  and  the  laft,  year,  forced 
 fome  of  their  Minifters  into  the  Church,  but  it  had  a  different, 
 and  more  furpriling  influence  upon  others,  who  had  the 
 courage  in  thefe  difficult  times  to  renounce  the  Church  as  a 
 perfecuting  Eftablifliment,  and  to  take  their  lot  among  the 
 Non-Conformifts;  as  the  Reverend  Mr.  John  Spademan, 
 M.  A.  of  Sway  ton  in  Lincolnshire  ;  Mr.  John  Raftrick,  Vi- 
 car of  Kirkton  near  Boiton  ;  Mr.  Burroughs  of  Frampton  ; 
 Mr.  Scoffin  of  Brotherton  ;  Mr.  Quipp  of  Moreton;  and  a 
 few  others,  who  could  be  influenced  by  no  other  principle 
 but  Confcience,  in  a  caufe  that  had  nothing  in  this  World 
 to  recommend  it  but  bonds  and  imprifonment,  and  the  lofs 
 of  all  things. 
 
 Great  were  the  oppreffions  of  thofe  who  frequented  the 
 fepirate  Meetings  in  feveral  Counties  ;  the  Informers  broke 
 in  upon  Sir  John  Hartoppe,  Mr  Fleetwood,  and  others  at 
 Stoke-Newington,  to  levy  DiftrefJbs  for  Conveaticles,  to 
 
 the 
 
Chap.  XI.        of  the  Puritans.  443 
 
 the  value  of  fix  or  feven  thoufand  pounds  ;  the  like  at  En-  .King,I 
 field,  Hackney,  and  all  the  neighbouring  villages  about  Lon-  j^6. ' 
 don.  The  Juftices  and  confiding  Clergy  were  equally  dili-  i_  ,  \  ^ 
 gent  in  their  feveral  parishes.  Injunctions  were  fent  out  from 
 feveral  of  the  Bifhops  under  the  feal  of  their  offices,  requi- 
 ring all  Church- Wardens  to  prefent  fuch  as  did  not  come  to 
 Church  nor  receive  the  Sacrament  at  Eafter ;  which  were 
 read  publickly  in  JHertfordfhire,  EfTex,  &c.  And  the  Juries 
 at  the  affizes  gave  it  as  their  opinion,  That  the  DifTenters 
 fliould  be  effectually  profecuted  ;  but  the  fcandalous  villa- 
 nies  and  perjuries  of  the  Informers  made  wife  men  begin  to 
 abhor  the  trade  ;  however,  fo  terrible  were  the  times,  that 
 many  families  and  Minifters  removed  with  their  effects  to 
 New  England,  and  other  plantations  in  America  ;  among 
 whom  we  may  reckon  the  reverend  and  worthy  Mr.  Samuel 
 Lee,  the  ejected  Minifter  of  Bifhopfgate,  who,  in  his  return 
 to  his  flock,  after  the  Revolution,  was  taken  prifoner  by  the 
 French,  and  was  carried  to  St.  Maloes,  where  he  died  in  a 
 dungeon,  by  the  hands  of  thofe  whofe  tender  mercies  are 
 cruelty.  Many  Minifters  were  fined  and  imprifbned,  and 
 great  numbers  of  their  mod  fubftantial  hearers  cited  into  the 
 Commons,  their  names  being  fixed  upon  the  doors  of  their 
 Parifh  Churches,  and  if  they  did  not  appear,  an  Excommu- 
 nication and  a  Capias  followed,  unlefs  they  found  means,  by 
 prefents  of  wine,  by  gold  in  the  fingers  of  a  pair  of  gloves, 
 or  fbme  powerful  bribe  of  the  like  nature,  to  get  themfelves 
 excufed;  for  which,  among  others,  the  name  of  Doctor 
 Pinfold  is  famous  to  this  day. 
 
 The  DifTenters  continued  to  take  the  mod  prudent  mea-  Methods  of 
 fures  to  cover  their  private  Meetings  from  their  adverfaries.  the  Diflen- 
 They  aflembled    in     fmall  numbers they  frequently  ters  tncon* 
 
 y  x  y    cc3i  their 
 
 fhifted  their  places  of  worfhip,  and  met  together  late  in  the  Meetings. 
 
 Evenings,  or  early  in  the  Mornings There  were  friends 
 
 without  doors  always  on  the  watch,  to  give  notice  of  ap- 
 proaching danger When  the  dwellings   of  DifTenters 
 
 joined  they  made  windows  or  holes  in  the  walls,  that  the 
 preacher's  voice  might  be  heard  in  two  or  three  houfes— — — 
 They  had  fbmetimes  private  paflages  from  one  houfe  to 
 another,  and  trap  doors  for  the  efcape  of  the  Minifter,  who 
 went  always  in  difguife,  except  when  he  was  difcharging  his 
 
 office In  Country  Towns    and   Villages   they  went 
 
 through  back  yards  and  gardens  into  the  houfe,  to  avoid  the 
 obfervation  of  neighbours  and  paflengers— — — .  For  the  fame 
 
 reafon  they  never  fung  Pfafms — and  the  Minifter  was 
 
 placed  in  fuch  an  inward  part  of  the  houfe  that  his  voice  might 
 
 not 
 
444  The  H  I  S  T  0  R  Y  Vol.  IV. 
 
 K'ns     not  be  heard  in  the  ftreets The  doors  were  always 
 
 %&$c  *    k>cked,  and  a  Centinel  placed  near  it,  to  give  notice  of  an 
 ■>    -^  - 1 _r  alarm,  that  the  Preacher  might  efcape  by   fome  private  paf- 
 fage,  with  as  many  of  the  congregation  as  could  avoid  the  In- 
 formers.    But  notwithstanding  al!  their  precautions,  fpies  and 
 falfe  brethren  crept  in  among  them  in  difguife,  their  Affemblies 
 were  frequently  interrupted,  and  great  Anns  of  money  raifed 
 by  fines  or  compofirions,  to  the  discouragement  of  trade  and 
 induftry,  and  inriching  the  officers  of  the   Spiritual  Courts. 
 Ho"/  warm  was  the   zeal  of  our  forefathers  !   And  what  ha- 
 zards did  they  run  for  the  freedom  of  their  Conferences  : 
 Progrefs  of        Thus  wer£  the  Non-Conformilts  ground  between  the  Pa- 
 paPe'y-        pifts  on  one  hand,  and  the  High  Church  Clergy  on  the  other, 
 while  the  former  made  their  advantage  of  the  latter,  conclud- 
 ing, that  when  the  DifTenters  were  defixoyed,  or  throroughly 
 exafperared,  and  the  Clergy  divided  among  thcmfelves,  they 
 /hould  be  a  march  for  the  Fihbii  fl :m°nt,  and  be  capable  of 
 introducing  that  Religion  the*'  had  been  fo  long  aiming  at. 
 To  make  way  for  this,  fwarms  of  Jefoifs  and  Regular  Priefts 
 were  fent  for  from  abroad;  Jefuits-Schools,  and  other   Se- 
 minaries, were  frt  up  in  London  and  the  Country  ;   Mafs 
 Houfes  were  erected  in  the  mod  considerable  towns ;  four 
 Roman  Catholick  Bifhnps  were  confecrated  in  the  royal  cha- 
 pel,  and  exercifed  their  functions    under  the   character   of 
 Vicars  Apofblical ;  their  regular  Ciergy  appeared  at  White- 
 bait and  St.  James's  in  their  habits,    and  were  unwearied  in 
 their  attempts  to  feduce  the  common  people.     The  way  to 
 preferment  was  to  be  a  Catholick,  or  to  declare  for  the  pre- 
 rogative ;   for  all  State   Affairs  were  managed  by  fuch  men. 
 An   open  correspondence   was  held  With  Rome,  and  many 
 Pamphlets  were  difperfed  over  the  countries,  to  captivate  the 
 common  people  to  the  Romim  Faith,  or  at  lead  to  a  coaliti- 
 on with  it.     Multitudes  of  the  King's  Subjects  frequented  the 
 Popifli  Chapels,  fome  changed  their  Profeflion ;   and  all  men 
 were  forbid  to  fpeak  difrefpecTtully  of  the  King's  Religion. 
 Oergv  for-        This   opened  the  eyes  of  many  of  the  Clergy,  and  put 
 hdiopreat-b  tyem  v^or}  preacning  againfl^the  popifb  Doctrines,  that  they 
 poprry.        P'S^  recover  the  people  who  were  running  from  them,  and 
 refcuethe  Protcftant  Religion  from  the  danger  their  own  fol- 
 lies had  brought  it  into.     The  King  being  made  acquainted 
 R  with  this,  his  MajefVy,  by  the  advice  of  his  Priefls,  fent  cir- 
 
 p.  674-'        cular  letters  to  the  Bifhops,  with  an  order,  prohibiting  the 
 am  they       inferior  Clergy  from  preaching  on  the  controverted  points  of 
 ""'"J         Rciigion  ;  which  many  complained  of,  tho' it  was  no  more 
 than  King  James  and  Charles  I.  had  done  before.     However, 
 
 when 
 
Chap.  XL         of  the  Puritans.  445 
 
 when  their  mouths  were  ftopt  in  the  pulpit,  fome  of  the  mod  King 
 learned  and  zealous  agreed  to  fight  the  Catholicks  with  their  ,6eg6 
 own  weapons,  and  to  publish  fmall  pamphlets  for  the  benefit  ■_  -^ 
 of  the  vulgar  in  defence  of  the  Proteftant  Doctrines.  When 
 a  popifh  Pamphlet  was  in  the  prefs  they  made  intereft  with 
 the  workmen,  and  got  the  meets  as  they  were  wrought  off, 
 fo  that  an  anfwer  was  ready  as  foon  as  the  Pamphlet  was 
 publifhed.  There  was  hardly  a  week  but  fome  Sermon 
 or  fmall  Treatife  againft  Popery  was  printed  and  difperfed  a- 
 mong  the  common  people,  which  in  the  compafs  of  a  year 
 or  two  produced  a  valuable  fet  of  jControverfial  writings  a- 
 gainft  the  errors  of  that  Church.  The  chief  Writers  were 
 Dr.  Tillotfon,  Stillingfleet,  Tenifon,  Patrick,  Wake,  Whit- 
 by, Sharp,  Atterbury,  Williams,  Aldrich,  Burnet,  Fowler, 
 &c.  Men  of  great  name  and  character  in  thole  times,  who 
 gained  immortal  honour,  and  were  afterwards  preferred  to  the 
 higheft  dignities  in  the  Church.  Never  was  a  bad  caufe  more 
 weakly  managed  by  the  Papifts,  nor  a  more  compleat  victory 
 and  triumph  obtained  by  the  Proteftants. 
 
 But  the  Church  party   not  content   with   their  conqueft,  Reafbns  of 
 «*  have  of  late  cenfured  the  Non-Conformi'fts  for  appearing'112  Dl(ren* 
 
 .  *  r  o  ters  not 
 
 "  only  as  fpectators,  and  not  joining  them  in  the  combat."  writing. 
 But  how  could  the  Clergy  expect  this  from  a  fet  of  men  Caiamy, 
 whom  they  had  been  perfecuting  for  above  twenty  years,  andp"  373" 
 who  had  the  yoke  ftill  upon  their  necks?  Had  not  the  Non- 
 Conformifts  been  before-hand  with  them  in  their  Morning 
 Exercifes  againft  Popery  ?  And  did  not  Dr.  Owen,  Mr.  Pool, 
 Baxter,  Clarkfon  and  others,  write  againft  the  errors  of  the 
 Church  of  Rome,  throughout  the  whole  reign  of  King 
 Charles  II  ?  Had  not  the  Non-Conformifh  flood  in  the  gap, 
 and  expofed  themfelves  long  enough  to  the  Refentments  of 
 the  Papifts,  for  refufing  to  come  into  their  meafures  for  an 
 universal  toleration,  in  which  they  might  be  included  ?  Be- 
 fides,  the  poor  Minifters  were  hardly  crept  out  of  corners, 
 their  papers  had  been  rifled,  and  their  books  fold  or  hid,  to 
 avoid  feizure  ;  they  had  but  little  time  to  ftudy,  and  there- 
 fore might  not  be  fo  well  prepared  as  thofe  who  had  lived  in 
 eafe  and  plenty.  Farther,  the  Church  Party  was  mod  near- 
 ly concerned,  for  the  Non-Conformifts  had  nothing  to  lofe, 
 whereas  all  the  emoluments  of  the  Church  were  at  flake ; 
 and  after  all,  fome  of  the  DifTenters  did  write  ;  and  if  we 
 may  believe  Dr.  Caiamy,  Mr.  Baxter,  and  others,  their 
 tracts  being  thought  too  warm,  were  refufed  to  be  licenfed. 
 Upon  the  whole,  Bifhop  Burnet  wifely  oblerves,  that  as  the 
 DifTenters  would  not  engage  on  the  fide  of  Popery  and  the  p*  7<nt 
 
 Prerogative, 
 
44-6 
 
 King 
 
 James  II. 
 
 1686. 
 
 The  Cler- 
 gy's wri- 
 ting begins 
 an  open 
 War  be- 
 tween the 
 King  and 
 Church. 
 Burnet, 
 p.  715. 
 
 And  brings 
 Liberty  to 
 the  Difl'en- 
 ters. 
 
 By  Virtue 
 of  the  di- 
 fpenfing 
 Power. 
 Burnet, 
 ja.  669. 
 
 TheHISTORY       Vol.  IV, 
 
 Prerogative,  nor  appear  for  taking  off  the  tefts  in  the  prefent 
 circumftances  ;  fo  on  the  other  hand  they  were  unwilling  to 
 provoke  the  King,  who  had  lately  given  them  hopes  of  liber- 
 ty, left  he  mould  make  up  matters  upon  any  terms  with  the 
 Church  party  at  their  expence  ;  nor  would  they  provoke  the 
 Church  Party,  or  by  any  ill  behaviour  drive  them  into  a  re- 
 conciliation with  the  Court ;  therefore  they  refolved  to  let  the 
 points  of  Controversy  alone,  and  leave  them  to  the  manage- 
 ment of  the  Clergy  who  had  a  legal  bottom  to  fupport  them. 
 The  Clergy's  writing  thus  zealoufly  againft  Popery  broke 
 all  meafures  between  the  King  and  the  Church  of   England^ 
 and  made  each  party  court  that  body  of  men  for  their  auxi- 
 liaries whom  they  had  been  perfecuting  and  deftroying  for  fo 
 many  years.     His  Majefty  now  refolved  to  introduce  an  uni* 
 verfal  toleration  in  defpiteof  the  Church,  and  at  their  expence. 
 The  cruelty  of  the  Church   of  England  was  his    common 
 fubject  of  difcourfe  ;  he   reproached  them  for  their  violent 
 perfections  of  the  Diffenters,  and  faid,  he  had  intended  to  fet 
 on  foot  a  toleration  (boner,  •'  but  that  he  was  retrained  by 
 "  fome  of  them  who  had  treated  with  him,  and  had  under- 
 "  taken  to  fhew  favour  to  the  Papiits,  provided  they  might 
 "  be  (till  fufferedto  vex  the  DiiTenters  ;       and  he  named  the 
 very   men,  tho'  they  thought  fit  afterwards  to  deny  it ;  But 
 how  far  the  fact  is  probable  mull  be  left  with  the  reader. 
 
 It  being  thought  impracticable  to  obtain  a  legal  toleration  in 
 the  prefent  circumftances  of  the  Nation,  his  Majefty  determin- 
 ed to  attempt  it  by  the  difpenfing  power ;  for  this  purpofe  Sir 
 Edward  Hales,  a  popifh  Gentleman  of  Kent  was  brought  to 
 trial  for  breaking  through  the  Teft  Aft,  when  Sir  Edward 
 Herbert,  Lord  Chief  Juftice,  gave  judgment  in  his  favour,  and 
 declared  the  powers  of  the  Crown  to  be  abfolute.  The  other 
 Judges  were  clofeted,  and  fuch  difplaced  as  were  of  a  different 
 fentiment ;  and  the  King  being  refolved  to  have  twelve  Judges 
 of  his  own  opinion,  four  had  their  Quietus,  and  as  many 
 new  ones  were  advanced,  from  whom  the  King  exacted  a 
 promife  to  fupport  the  prerogative  in  all  its  branches.  There 
 was  a  new  Call  of  Serjeants,  who  gave  rings  with  this 
 motto,  Deus,  Rex,  Lex,  God,  the  King,  and  the  Law, 
 the  King  being  placed  before  the  Law.  The  Privy  Council 
 was  new  modelled,  and  feveral  declared  Papiits  admitted 
 into  it  ;  two  confiding  Clergymen  were  promoted  to 
 Bifhopricks,  Parker  to  Oxford,  and  Cartwright  to  Chef. 
 ten  Many  Pamphlets  were  writ  and  difperfed  in  favour 
 of  Liberty  of  Confcience;  and  Sir  Robert  L'Eftrange  with 
 ether  mercenary  Writers,  were  employed  to  maintain,  that 
 
Chap.  XI.       of  the  Puritan  s.  447 
 
 "  a  power  in  the  King  to  difpenfe  with  the  Laws,   is  Law."      King 
 But  the  judgment  of  private  Writers  not  being  thought  fuf-     ,68$r* 
 ficient,  it   was  refolved    to  have  the  determination  of  the  \_ ,— v     j 
 Judges,  who  all  but  one  gave  it  as  their  opinion  ;  I .  "  That  Wei.  Me- 
 **  the  Laws  of  England  were  the  King's  Laws.     2.  That  it rnoirs'  P* 
 **  is  an  infeparabTe  Branch  of  the   Prerogative  of  the  Kings  which  is 
 "  of  England,    as  of  all    other  fovereign   Princes,    to  dif-  declared  Je« 
 **  penfe  with  all   penal  Laws  on  particular  Cafes,  and  on  |al 'b> -th* 
 "  particular  Occafions.     3.  That  of  thefe  reafons  and  ne- 
 "  ceflity  the  King  is   fole   Judge.     4.  That    this  is  not  a 
 **  Truft  nOw  inverted  in,  and  granted  to  the  prefent  King, 
 "  but  the  antient  remains  of  the   fovereign  power  of  the 
 "  Kings  of  England,  which  was  never  yet  taken  from  them, 
 M  nor  can   be."     Thus  the  Laws  of  England  were  given 
 up  at  once  into  the  hands  of  the  King,    by  the  voice  of  his 
 
 Judses-     .  A  .  A  ,   . 
 
 This  point  being  fecured,  his  Majefty  began  tOcafefs  the  Non-Con- 
 
 Non-conformifts ;  **  All  on  a  fudden  (fays  Bifhop  Burnet)  ^/"ied  hy 
 "  the  Churchmen  were  difgraced,  and  the  Diffenters  in  the  Court, 
 "  high  Favour.  Lord  Chief  Juftice  Herbert  went  the  Wef-  p-  67*. 
 "  tern  Circuit  after  Jefferies,  who  was  now  made  Lord 
 "  Chancellor,  and  all  was  grace  and  favour  to  them  ;  their 
 "  former  Sufferings  were  much  reflected  upon  and  pitied  ; 
 "  every  thing  was  offered  that  might  alleviate  them  ;  their 
 "  Minifters  were  encouraged  to  fet  up  their  Conventicles, 
 "  which  had  been  difcontinued,  or  held  very  fecretly  for 
 <f  four  or  five  years ;  intimations  were  given  every  where, 
 *'  that  the  King  would  not  have  them  nor  their  Meetings 
 if  difiurbed."  A  Difpenfation,  or  Licenfe  Office  was  fet 
 up,  where  all  that  applied  might  have  an  indulgence,  pay- 
 ing only  fifty  Shillings  for  themfelves  and  their  Families. 
 Many  who  had  been  profecuted  for  Conventicles  took  out 
 thofe  Licenfes,  Which  not  only  ftopt  all  Proceffes  that  were 
 commenced,  but  gave  them  libert)  to  go  publickly  to  Meet- 
 ings for  the  future.  "  Upon  this  (fays  the  fame  Reverend 
 "  Prelate)  fome  of  the  DifTenters  grew  infolent,  but  wifer 
 tc  Men  among  them  perceived  the  defign  of  the  Papifts 
 "  was  now  to  fet  on  the  Diffenters  againft  the  Church,  and 
 "  therefore  tho'  they  returned  to  their  Conventicles,  yet 
 u  they  had  a  juft  jealoufy  of  all  the  ill  defigrts  that  lay  hid 
 **  under  all  this  fudden,  and  unexpected  ffiew  of  Grace  and 
 "  Kindnefs,  and  they  took  care  not  to  provoke  the  Church 
 *c  Party."  But  where  then  were  the  Eyes  of  the  High 
 Church  Clergy,  during  the  whole  Reign  of  King  Charles  II. 
 when  they  rain'd  down  vengeance  upon  the  Non-conformifts 
 
 and 
 
44« 
 
 The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y        Vol.  IV. 
 
 King        and  their  Families,  and  took  advantage  of  every  perfecuting 
 ■^/ttfi        ^aw  ^or  a  'on»  cour^e  of  years.     Did  they  not  perceive  the 
 .        _     i  defigns  of  the  Papifts  ?  or  were  they   not  willing  rather  to 
 court  them  at   the  expence  of  the  whole    Body  of  Diffent- 
 ing  Proteftants  ?  Bifhop   Laud's  Scheme  of  uniting  with 
 the  Papifls,  and  meeting   them  half  Way,  was  never  out. 
 of  their  Tight ;  however,,  when   the   Reader  calls  to  mind 
 the   Oppreflion   and  Cruelties   that  the  conlcientious  Non- 
 conformifls    underwent  from  the  High   Church  Party  for 
 twenty  five  years,  he  will  be  ready  to  conclude,  they  would 
 have  deferved  no  regard,  if  the  proteftant  Religion  itfelf  had 
 not  been  at  Stake. 
 The  End  of       Thus  the  all  wife  providence  of  God  put  a  period  to  the 
 theProfe-      profecution  of  the    Proteflant  Diflenttrs    from     the  penal 
 'JfnV  -     Laws,   tho'  the  Laws  themfelves  were  not  legally  repealed, 
 tersbythe     or  fufpended  till  after  the  Revolution  of  King  William  and 
 Pwui  Laws.  Queen  Mary      It  may  not  therefore  be  improper  to  give  the 
 Reader  a  fummary  view  of  their  Ufage  in  this  and   the   laft 
 Reign,  and  of  the  damages  they  fuftained  in  their  Perfons, 
 Families  and  Eftates. 
 Account  of       The  Quakers  in  their  Petition  to  King  James  the  laft 
 the  Quake. s.  year>  inform  his  Majefty,    that  of  late  above    one  thoufand 
 &9  ?«.     ^ve  nundred    of  their    Friends  were  in  prilon,    both  Men 
 and   Women ;  and   that  now  there  remain  one  thoufand 
 three  hundred  eighty  three,  of  which  two  hundred  are  Wo-, 
 men  ;  many  under  fentence  of  Praemunire  ;  and  more  than 
 three  hundred  near   it,  for  refufing  the  oath  of  Allegiance 
 "  becaufe  they  could  not  fu  ear."— ——Above  three  hun- 
 dred and  fifty  have  died  in  priion  fince  the  year  1660,  near 
 one  hundred  of  which  fince  the  year  1680.  In  Lon- 
 
 don, the  Gaol  of  Newgate  has  been  crouded  within  thefe 
 two  years,  fometimes  with  near  twenty  in  a  room,  where- 
 by feveral  have  been  fuffocated,  and  others,  who  have  been 
 taken  out  fick,  have  died  of  malignant  Fevers  within  a  few 
 
 Days. Great  violences,  outragious  Diftreffes,  and  wo- 
 
 ful  havock  and  fpoil  have  been  made  on  peoples  Goods  and 
 Eftates,   by  a  Company  of  idle,  extravagant,  and  mercilels. 
 Informers,    by  profecutions  on  the  Conventicle  A6t,  and 
 others,  as  may  be  feen  in  the  Margin  *.     Alfo  on  Qui  tarn 
 Writs,  and  on  other  Procefies,  for  twenty  pounds  a  Month  ; 
 
 and  two  thirds  of  their  Eftates  feized  for  the  King. Some 
 
 had 
 
 *  The  Acts  or  penal  Laws  on  which  they  fuffered  were  thefe. 
 Some  few  Offered  on  the  27  Henry  VIII.  cap.  20.  ^5 
 
 Others 
 
Chap.  XI.        of  the  P  u  r  i  t  a  n  s.  449 
 
 had  not  a  bed  left  to  reft  upon  ;  others  had  no  Cattle  to  till     King 
 the  Ground,  nor  Corn  for  Seed  or  Bread,  nor  tools  to  work     ™ "i 
 with  :  The  faid  Informers  and  Bailiffs  in  fome  places  break-  (-/**Y"\j 
 ing  into  Houfes,   and    making  great  wa'ie  and  fpoil,  under 
 pretence  of  ferving  the   King  and  the  Church. Our  re- 
 ligious Affemblies  have  been  charged  at  common  Law  with 
 being  Riotous    Routs,    and    Difturbances    of  the    Peace, 
 whereby  great  numbers  have  been  confined  in  prifons,  with- 
 out regard  to  age  or  fex  ;  and  many  in  holes  and  dungeons. 
 The    Seizures  for  twenty   Pounds  a  Month  have  a- 
 mounted  to  feveral  thoufand  Pounds  ;  fometimes  they  have 
 feized    for  eleven  Months  at   once,  and   made    fale  of  all 
 Goods  and  Chattels  both  within  Doors  and  without  for  pay- 
 ment.  Several  who  have    employed   fome  hundreds  of 
 
 poor  Families  in  Manufacture,  are  by  thofe  Writs  and  Sei- 
 zures difabled,  as  well  as  by  long  imprisonment  ;  one  in 
 particular,  who  employed  two  hundred  people  in  the  wool- 
 len Manufacture. — — Many  Informers,  and  efpecially  im- 
 pudent Women,  whofe  Hufbands  are  in  Prifon,  fwearfor 
 their  mare  of  the  profit  of  the  Seizures. The  fines  up- 
 on one  Juftice's  Warrant  have  amounted  to  many  hundred 
 Pounds  ;  frequently  ten  Pounds  a  Warrant,  and  five  War- 
 rants together  for  fifty  Pounds  to  one  Man  ;  and  for  Non- 
 payment all  his  Goods  carried  away  in  about  ten  cart  loads. 
 They  fpare  neither  Widows  nor  Fatherlefs,  nor  poor  Fa- 
 milies, nor  leave  them  fo  much  as  a  Bed  to  lie  upon.—— 
 Thus  the  Informers  are  both  witneffes  and  parties,  to  the 
 ruin  of  great  numbers  of  fober  Families ;  and  Juftices  of 
 Peace  have  been  threaten'd  with  the  Forfeiture  of  one  hun- 
 dred Pounds,  if  they  do  not  iffue  out  Warrants  upon  their 
 
 Others  on  i  Eliz.cap.  2.  for  twelve  Pence  a  Sunday. 
 
 5  Eliz.  cap.  23.  Deexcomtnu  capiendo. 
 
 23  Eliz  cap.  1.  for  20 1.  a  Month. 
 
 29  Eliz.  cap.  6.  for  Continuation. 
 
 35  Eliz.  cap    1.  for  abjuring  the  Realm  on  pain  of  Death. 
 
 3  King  James  I.  cap.  4.  for  Praimunire,   imprisonment  during 
 Life,  and  Eftates  confifcated. 
 
 13th  and  14th  of  King  Charles  II.  againft  Quakers,  &c,  Tran- 
 fportation. 
 
 17  Charles  II.  cap.  2.  againft  Non-conformifts. 
 
 22  King  Charles  II.  cap  1.  againft  Seditious  Conventicles. 
 
 N.  B.  The  Quakers  were  not  much  afFe&ed  with  the  Corporati- 
 on and  Teft  Ads,  becaufe  they  would  not  take  an  oath. 
 
 ^  Nor  with  the  Oxford  five  Mile  Aft,  which  cut  the  others  to 
 pieces.  J 
 
 Vol.  IV.  F  f  Infer- 
 
450  The   HISTORY  Vol.  IV. 
 
 King         Informations. With  this  petition   they  prefented  to  the 
 
 1686.  '     King  and  Parliament  a  lift  of  their  Friends  in  prifon  in  the 
 ia/«'*Y""\w  feveral  Counties,  amounting   to  one  thoufand  four  hundred 
 
 and  fixty. 
 
 Computati-       ]}ut  'tig   impoflible  to   make  an  exa£r,  computation  of  the 
 
 Number  of  numDer  of  Sufferers, or  eftimate  of  the  damages  his  Majefty's 
 
 Sufferers,      Diflenting  Subjects  of  the  feveral  Denominations  fuftained, 
 
 and  Efti-      Dy  tne  piofecutions  of  this  and  the  laft  Reign  ;  how  many 
 
 ma«esfuf-  *  Families  were  impoverifhed,  and  reduced  to  beggary  ;  how 
 
 tainedjby  the  many  lives  were  loft  in  Prifons  and  {linking  Gaols  ;  how  ma- 
 
 Non  con-     ny  Mjnifj;ers  were  divorced  from  their  people,  and  forced  to 
 
 the  two  laft   uve   as  they  could,  five   Miles  from  a  Corporation  ;  how 
 
 Reigns.         many  induftrious  and   laborious    Tradefmen  were   cut  off 
 
 from  their  Trades  ;  and  their  Subftance  and  Houfhold  Goods 
 
 carried  off  by  Soldiers,  and  divided  among  idle  and  infamous 
 
 Informers.     The  vexatious  Suits  of  the  Commons,  and  the 
 
 expences  of  thofe  Courts  were  immenfe. 
 
 Prefcceto  The  Writer  of  the  Preface  of  Mr.  Delaune's  "  Plea  for 
 
 Deiauoe's     «  t]ie  Non-conformifts,  "    fays,  that  Delaune  was  one  of 
 
 near  eight  thoufand  proteftant  Diffenters,  who  had  perifhed 
 
 in  prifon  in  the  Reign  of  King  Charles  II.  and  that  '*  meer- 
 
 "  ly  for  Diflenting  from  the  Church  in  fome  points  which 
 
 "  they  were  able  to  give  good  Reafon  for  ;"  and  yet  for  no 
 
 other  caufe  (fays  he)   were   they  ftifled,  I  had  almoftfaid, 
 
 murder'd   in  Gaols. As  for  the  fevere  penalties  inflicled 
 
 on  them  for  feditious  and  riotous  Affemblies,  defigned  only 
 for  the  worfhip  of  God,  he  adds,  that  they  fuffered  in  their 
 Trades  and  Eftates,  within  the  compafs  of  three  years,  at 
 leaft  two  Millions  ;  and  doubts,  whether  in  all  the  times 
 fince  the  Reformation,  including  alfo  the  Reign  of  Queen 
 Mary,  there  can  be  produced  any  thing  like  fuch  a  number 
 of  Chriftians  who  have  fuffered  death  ;  and  fuch  numbers 
 Hill.  who  have  loft  their  Subftance  for  Religion.     Another  Wri- 
 
 Stuwts,  p.     ter  adds,  that  Mr.  Jeremy  White,  had  carefully  collected 
 7Ifi*  "  a  Lift  of  the  Diflenting  Sufferers*  and  of  their  Suffer- 
 
 "  ings ;  and  had  the  names  of  fixty  thoufand  perfons  who 
 had  fuffered  on  a  religious  account,  between  the  Reftorati- 
 oa  of  King  Charles  II.  and  the  Revolution  of  King  Wil- 
 liam ;  five  thoufand  of  whom  died  in  prifon.  That  Mr. 
 White  told  Lord  Dorfet,  that  King  James  had  offered  him 
 a  thoufand  Guineas  for  the  Manufcript,  but  that  he  refufed 
 all  Invitations  and  Rewards,  and  concealed  the  black  Re- 
 cord, that  it  might  not  appear  to  the  Difreputation  of  the 
 Church  of  England,  for  which  fome  of  the  Clergy  fent 
 fctm  their  Thanks,  and  offered  him  an  Acknowledgment, 
 
 which 
 
Chap.  XL         of  the  Puritans,  451 
 
 which  he  generoufly  refufed.  The  Reader  will  form  his  K>ns 
 own  judgment  of  the  truth  of  thefe  Facts.  'Tis  certain,  JjJ],"/1* 
 that  befides  thofe  that  fufrered  at  home,  great  numbers  re-  y_  -  -+__ 
 tired  to  the  Plantations  of  New  England,  Penfilvania,  and 
 other  parts  of  America.  Many  tranfported  themfelves  and 
 their  Effects  into  Holland,  and  filled  the  Englifh  Churches  of 
 Amfterdam,  the  Hague,  Utrecht,  Leyden,  Rotterdam, 
 and  other  parts.  If  we  admit  the  Diffenting  Families  of  the 
 feveral  Denominations  in  England  to  be  no  more  than  one 
 hundred  and  fifty  thoufand,  and  that  each  Family  fuffered 
 no  more  than  the  lofs  of  three  or  four  Pounds  per  Annum, 
 from  the  Act  of  Uniformity,  the  whole  will  amount  to 
 twelve  or  fourteen  Millions ;  a  prodigious  Sum  for  thofe 
 Times  !  But  thefe  are  only  conjectures  ;  the  damage  to  the 
 trade  and  property  of  the  Nation  was  undoubtedly  immenfe  ; 
 and  the  Wounds  that  were  made  in  the  eflates  of  private 
 Families  were  deep  and  large,  many  of  whom,  to  my  cer- 
 tain knowledge,  wear  the  fears  of  them  to  this  day. 
 
 When  the  Proteftant  Diffenters  rofe  up  into  publick  view  Reafons 
 as  adiitinct  Body,  their  long  Sufferings  had  not  very  much  ?[the'r 
 diminifhed  their  numbers,  which   tho'  not  to  be  compared  not  (iecrea. 
 with  thofe  of  the  Eftablifhment,  or  the  Tories  and  Roman  fing. 
 Catholicks,    were  yet  fo   confider^ble  as   to    be  capable  of 
 turning  the   Scale  on  either   fide,   according  as  they  mould 
 throw  in  their  weight,  which  might  poffibly   be  owing  to 
 fome  of  the  following  Reafons  : 
 
 1.  fC  To  their  firmnefs  and  conftancy  in  a  long  courfe  of 
 "  Suffering,"  which  convinced  the  World  that  they  were 
 not  governed  by  humour,   but  by  confeience. 
 
 2.  "  To  their  Doctrine  and  manner  of  preaching," 
 which  was  plain  and  practical,  accompanied  with  a  warm 
 and  awakening  addrefs  to  the  Confeience.  Their  Doctrines 
 were  thofe  of  the  firfl:  Reformers,  which  were  grown  out 
 of  Famion  in  the  Church  ;  and  their  way  of  Worfhip  was 
 fimple  and  plain,  without  the  ornament  of  human  Rites  and 
 Ceremonies. 
 
 3.  "  To  the  feverity  of  their  Morals,"  at  a  time  when 
 the  Nation  was  funk  into  all  kinds  of  Vice  and  Prophane- 
 nefs,  from  which  they  kept  at  a  remarkable  diftance.  Their 
 Converfation  was  fober  and  virtuous.  They  obferved  the 
 Lord's  Day  with  religious  ftriclnefs  in  their  Families,  and 
 had  an  univerfal  Reputation  for  Juftice  and  Integrity  in  their 
 Dealings. 
 
 4.  The  fupport  of  their  Numbers  was  further  owing  to 
 the  "  careful  and  ftrict  Education  of  their  Children,  whom 
 
 F  f  a  they 
 
452  The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y         Vol.  IV* 
 
 King        they  impreffed  with  an  early  fenfe  of  fpiritual  Religion,  and 
 James  II.     educated  in  their  own  Way,  as  they  had  opportunity,  under 
 '  _j  private  School-mafters  of  their  own  Principles. 
 
 5 .  They  had  no  lefs  a  concern  for  "  a  Succeflion  of  able 
 *«  and  learned  Minifters,"  and  therefore  encouraged  the 
 fetting  up  private  Academies  in  feveral  parts  ot  the  Nati- 
 on ;  and  'tis  remarkable  that  many  Gentlemen  and  fubftan- 
 tial  Citizens  devoted  their  Children  to  the  Miniftry,  at  a 
 time  when  they  had  nothing  in  view  but  bonds  and  impri- 
 fonment. 
 
 6.  It  might  be  owing  further,  "  to  the  perfecuting  zeal 
 ie  of  the  High  Church  Party,"  attended  with  an  uncommon 
 licentioufnefs  of  Manners.  If  their  zeal  againft  the  Non- 
 conformifls  had  produced  a  greater  Sanclity  of  Life,  and  fe- 
 verity  of  Morals,  it.  had  been  lefs  offenfive  ;  but  to  fee 
 Men  of  bad  Morals  figning  Warrants  of  Diftrefs  upon  their 
 Neighbours,  only  for  worfhipping  God  peaceably  at  a  fepa- 
 rate  Meeting,  when  themfelves  hardly  worfhipped  God  at 
 all,  but  were  infamous  for  all  kinds  of  Immorality,  made 
 fome  apprehend  there  was  nothing  at  all  in  Religion  ;  and 
 others  refolve  to  take  their  lot  with  a  more  fober  People. 
 
 Finally,  "  The  Spirit  and  Principles  of  Torifm  began  to 
 "  appear  ruinous  to  the  Nation."     The  old  Englii"h  Confti- 
 tution,  by  which  the  Diffenters  had   flood  firm  for  above 
 twenty  years,  was  in  a  manner  loft,  which  raifed  their  repu- 
 tation with  all  true  Lovers  of  their  Country.     Their  Suffer- 
 ings  were  now   regretted,  and  many  who  had  contracted  a 
 fettled  abhorrence  of  Popery,   and  of  the  deftru&ive  mea- 
 fures  of    the  Tones,  appeared  in    the  caufe   of  Non-con- 
 formity, and  joined  their  Congregations. 
 ACommif-       To  return  to  the  Hiftory  ;  the  Diffenters  being  now  made 
 auiryiirto"   €afy>  li  vvas  ref°lved  to  turn   the   Artillery  of  the  Preroga- 
 tne  Loflfes     tive  againft  the  Church,  and  make  them  feel  a  little  of  the 
 the  Diffen-    fmart  they  had  given  others  ;  the  King  and  his  Priefts  were 
 fuftabed  by  thoroughly  inraged  with  their  oppofition  to  the  Court,  and 
 the  Church  therefore   appointed  Commiflioners  all  over  England  to  en- 
 Party,  quire,  "  What  Money  had   been  railed  ?  or  what  Goods 
 "  had  been  feized  by  Diftrefs  on  Diffenters  or  Profecutions 
 *«  for  Recufancy,  and  not  brought  to  an  account  in  the  Ex- 
 "  chequer  ?"  In    the  Gazette  of  March  5,  1687,   it  is  ad- 
 vertifed,  that  the  Commiftioners  appointed  to  examine  into 
 the  Loffes  of  Diffenters    and  Recufants  within  the  feveral 
 Counties  of  Gloucefter,  Worcefter,  and  Monmouth,  were 
 to  hold   their  Seflions  for  the  faid  Counties,  at  the  places 
 
 therein 
 
Chap.  XI.         of  the  P  u  r  i  t  a  n  s.  453 
 
 therein  mentioned.     Others  were  appointed  for  the  Coun-     King 
 ties  of  Middlefex,  Eflex,  &c  to  enquire   what  Money  or  J3™^'1'* 
 Goods  had  been  taken  or   received  for  any  matters  relating  ■_      -  j 
 to  Religion  fince  September  29,  1677.  in   any  of  the  Coun- 
 ties for  which  they  were  named.      They  were   to  return  the 
 names  of  all  perfons  who   had  feized  Goods,  or  received 
 Money.     The  parties  themfelves,  if  alive,   were  obliged  to 
 appear,  and  give  account ;  and  if  dead,  their  Relations  were 
 to  appear  before   the  Commiflianers  for  them.     This  frruck 
 Terror  into  the    whole  Tribe   of  Informers,   the  confiding 
 Juftices,  and  others  who  expected  now  to   be  ruined  ;  but 
 (fays  Dr.  Calamy)  the  Proteftant  Diffenters  generoufly  re- 
 fufed  to  appear  againft  their  Enemies,    upon  affurances  given 
 by  leading  Perfons,    both  Clergy  and  Laity,  that  no  fuch 
 methods  fhould  be  ufed  for  the  future.     But  if  this  Enquiry 
 had  proceeded,  and  the  Diffenters  all  overEngland  had  come 
 into  it,  a  black  and  fraudulent  Scene  would  have  been  open- 
 ed, which  now  will  be   concealed.     Bifhop    Burnet   fays, 
 "  The  King  ordered  them  to  enquire  into  all  vexatious  Suits  p.  715. 
 *'  into  which  the  Diffenters  had  been  brought  into  the  Spi- 
 "  ritual  Courts,  and    into  all   the  Compofitions   they  had 
 *f  been  forced   to  make  to  redeem  themfelves  from  further 
 "  trouble,  which,  as  was  faid,  would  have  brought  to  light 
 *'  a  fcandalous  Difcovery  of  all   the   ill   Practifes  of  thefe 
 "  Courts  ;  for   the   ufe  that    many  who  belong  to  thofe 
 **  Courts  had   made  of  the   Laws  with  relation  to  Diffen- 
 "  ters,    was,  to  draw  Prefents    from   fuch    as  could  make 
 "  them,  threatening  them  with  a  Procefs  in  cafe  they  failed 
 "  to  do  that,  and  upon  doing  it,  leaving  them  at  full  liber- 
 "  ty  to  neglect  the  Laws  as  much  as   they  pleafed.     The 
 "  Commiffion  fubfifted  till  the  Revolution,  and  it  was  hoped 
 "  (fays   his   Lordfhip)  that   this  would  have  animated   the 
 te  Diffenters  to  turn   upon   the  Clergy   with  fome  of  that 
 "  fiercenefs  with  which   they  themfelves   had   been   Iate- 
 "  ly  treated."     But  they  made  no  advantage  of  the  difpo- 
 fition  of  the  Court,  nor  of  the  opportunity  that  was  put  in- 
 to their  Hands   of  making  Reprifals  on  their  Adverfaries  ; 
 which  {hews  the  truly  generous  and  Chriftian  Spirit  of  thofe 
 Confeffors  for   Religion  ;  and  deferved  a  more  grateful  ac- 
 knowledgment. 
 
 To  humble  the  Clergy  yet  further,  his  Majefly,  by  the  An  Eccle- 
 Advice  of  Jefferies,  erected  a  new  Ecclefiaftical  Commiffi-  fiaft««l 
 on,  tho'  the  Act  which  took  away  the  ffligh  Commiffion  in  t0™™Qed, 
 1 641.  had  provided,  that  no  Court  of  that  nature  mould  be  Burnet,  p. 
 erected  for  the  future  5  but  the  -King,  though  a  Papifl,   af-  675. 
 
 F  f  3  fumed 
 
454  The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y         Vol.  IV. 
 
 Kign  fumed  the  Supremacy,  and  directed  a  Commiffion  to  the 
 iTsfi"'  Archbifhop  of  Canterbury,  the  Bifhops  of  Durham  and  Ro- 
 i,-_i  chefter  ;  to  the  Earl  of  Sunderland,  Prefident  of  the  Coun- 
 cil ;  Herbert  and  Wright,  Lord  Chief  Juftices  ;  Jenner  Re^ 
 corder  of  London,  and  JefFeries  the  Chancellor,  or  any 
 three  of  them,  provided  the  Chancellor  was  one,  "  To 
 "  exercife  all  manner  of  Jurifdiction  and  Pre-eminence, 
 "  touching  any  Spiritual  or  Ecclefiaftical  Jurifdiftions,  to 
 il  vifit,  reform,  redrefs,  and  amend  all  abufes,  offences, 
 **  contempts  and  enormities,  which  by  the  fpiritual  or  Ec- 
 i(  clefiaftical  Laws  might  be  corrected.  They  were  alfo  to 
 "  enquire  into  all  mifdemeanors  and  contempts  which 
 "  might  be  punifhed  by  the  cenfures  of  the  Church,  and 
 "  to  call  before  them  all  Ecclefiaftical  Perfons  of  what  de- 
 "  gree  and  dignity  foever,  and  punifh  the  offenders  by  Ex- 
 "  communications,  Sufpenfions,  Deprivations,  or  other 
 "  Ecclefiaftical  Cenfures,  &c."  This  was  a  terrible  Rod 
 hung  up  over  the  Clergy,  and  if  the  Commifiioners  had  had 
 time  to  proceed  in  their  Enquiries,  according  to  the  Man- 
 dates fent  to  the  Chancellors  and  Archdeacons  of  the  feveral 
 Diocefes,  they  would  have  felt  more  of  the  effects  of  that 
 arbitrary  Power  which  their  unwife  conduct  had  brought  on 
 the  Nation  ;  but  providence  was  kinder  to  them  than  they 
 Welw.  p.  had  been  to  their  Neighbours.  The  Commiffion  was  grant- 
 9  '  ed  the  beginning   of  April,  but  was  not  opened  till  the  be- 
 
 ginning of  Auguft  ;  the  Archbifhop  of  Canterbury  was 
 afraid  to  a<St  in  it ;  Durham  was  fo  lifted  up  (fays  Burnet) 
 that  he  faid  his  name  would  now  be  recorded  in  Hiftory  ; 
 and  Sprat  Bifhop  of  Rochefter,  in  hopes  of  further  prefer- 
 ment, went  with  the  Stream.  Some  Roman  Catholicks 
 were  in  the  ComrnirFion,  and  confequently  the  Enemies  of 
 the  Proteftant  Religion  were  to  be  its  Judges. 
 a  stand-  gut    \{xs  Majefty  not  being  willing  to  rely  altogether  on 
 
 to^p^t      tne   Oxford  Decree,  nor   on  the  fafhionable  Doctrines  of 
 it.  Paffive-Obedience    and  Non-Refiftance,    which  had   been 
 
 preached  up  for  above  twenty  years  as  the  unalterable  Doc- 
 trines of  the  Church  of  England  ;  in  order  to  fupport  his 
 extraordinary  proceedings,  refolved  to  augment  his  {landing 
 Forces  to  fifteen  thoufand  Men.  He  was  apprehenfive  of  a 
 "  Snake  in  the  Grafs,  or  a  fecret  Referve,"  that  might 
 break  out  when  the  Church  itfelf  came  to  be  pinched  ;  he 
 therefore  ordered  his  Army  to  encamp  on  Blackheath,  un- 
 der the  command  of  the  Earl  of  Feverfham,  to  awe  the 
 City,  and  be  at  hand  upon  any  Emergency  ;  the  Officers 
 and  many  of  the  Soldiers  were  Irifh  Papifts,  and  they  had  a 
 
 publick 
 
Chap.  XI.        ofthe  Puritans.  455 
 
 publick  Chapel  in  which  Mafs  was  faid  every  day,    fo  that  Ja*^IL 
 it  was  believed  the  King  might  introduce  what  Religion  he      l6g5> 
 pleafed.     It  was  dangerous  to  fpeak  or  write  againfl  his  Ma-  v. — v^— J 
 jetty's  proceedings  ;  for  when  the  Reverend  Mr.  Johnfon,  a  gj*^ 
 Clergyman,  ventured   to  publifli  a  Writing,  directed  to  the     °-2I92- 
 Proteftant  Officers  of  the  Army,  to  diffuade  them  from  be- 
 ing Tools  of  the  Court  to  fubvert  the  Conflitution  and  Pro- 
 tectant Religion  ;  diligent  Search  was  made  for  him,  and 
 being  apprehended,  he  was  fentenced  to  (land  three  times  in 
 the  Pillory,  to  be  degraded  of  his  orders,  to  be  whipt  from 
 Newgate  to  Tyburn,  and  to  be  fined  five  hundred  Marks  ; 
 all  which  was  executed  with  great  Severity. 
 
 Affairs  in  Scotland  were  in  equal  forwardnefs  wkh  thofe  AfFair^oi 
 of  England  ;  the  Parliament  which  met  at  Edinburgh  in  B^0rng"5  ^ 
 May  1685,  while  the  perfecution  continued,  declared  their  6?8. 
 abhorrence  of  all  principles  derogatory  to  the  King's  abfo- 
 lute  Power,  and  offered  their  Lives  and  Fortunes  to  defend 
 it  againft  all  Oppofers.  They  pafTed  an  Act,  making  it 
 Death  to  refort  to  any  Conventicles  in  Houfes  or  Fields  ; 
 and  declared  it  High  Treafon  to  give  or  take  the  National 
 Covenant,  or  to  write  in  defence  of  it.  They  aifo  obliged 
 the  Subjects  of  Scotland  to  take  an  oath,  when  required, 
 to  maintain  the  King's  abfolute  Power,  on  pain  of  Banifh- 
 ment.  Popery  made  very  confiderable  advances  in  that 
 Kingdom,  and  feveral  perfons  of  Character  changed  their 
 Religion  with  the  Times.  But  the  populace  were  in  the 
 other  extream  ;  the  Earl  of  Perth  having  fet  up  a  private 
 Chapel  for  Mafs,  the  Mob  broke  into  it  with  fuch  fury  that 
 they  defaced  and  deftroyed  the  whole  Furniture,  for  which 
 one  of  them  was  apprehended  and  hanged.  When  the 
 Englifh  Court  changed  Meafures  the  Scots  Parliament 
 agreed  to  a  Sufpenfion  of  the  penal  Laws  for  the  King's 
 Life;  but  his  Majefly  infifting upon  an  entire  R.epeal,  which 
 they  declined,  he  diffolved  them.  The  Epifcopal  Clergy 
 were  obfequious  to  the  Court,  and  in  many  places  fo  funk 
 into  Sloth  and  Ignorance,  that  the  lower  People  were  grown 
 quite  indifferent  in  Matters  of  Religion  ;  but  the  Prelbyte- 
 rians,  tho'  now  freed  from  the  Severities  they  had  fmarted 
 under  for  many  years,  expreffed  upon  all  occafions  an  un- 
 conquerable averfion  to  Popery,  and  by  degrees  roufed  the 
 whole  Nation  out  of  their  Lethargy. 
 
 In  Ireland  things  had  ftill  a  more  favourable  afpect  for  the  of  Ireland. 
 Court  :  The  King  had  a  greater  Dependance  on  the  Irilh 
 Catholicks  than  upon  any  of  his  other  Subjects.  Colonel 
 Talbot,  Earl  of  Tyrconnel,  was  made  Lord  Lieutenant  of 
 that  Country,  a  vile  profligate  Officer,  who  fcrupled  no 
 F  f  4  kind 
 
Bifhop    of 
 
 London 
 
 fufpendcd. 
 
 The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y         Vol.  IV. 
 
 kind  of  barbarity  and  wickednefs  to  ferve  his  Caufe  ;  he  broke 
 feveral  Proteftant  Officers  in  the  Army,  and  by  degrees  tur- 
 ned them  all  out  to  make  room  for  Papifts.  All  Offices 
 both  Civil  and  Military  were  put  into  the  Hands  of  the  vileft 
 Mifcreants  ;  theie  was  not  a  Proteftant  Sheriff  in  the  King- 
 dom ;  the  Charters  were  taken  away,  and  new  modeled  in 
 favour  of  Papilts.  The  Corporations  were  diffolved,  and  all 
 Things  managed  with  an  arbitrary  Hand,  fo  that  many  ima- 
 gining the  maflacring  Knife  to  be  at  their  Throats  left  the 
 Kingdom  ;  fome  tranfported  themfelves  into  England,  and 
 others  into  more  remote  and  diftant  Countries.  Thus  far 
 the  Prerogative  prevailed  without  any  Repulfe. 
 
 All  things  being  now  ready  to  attack  the  Church  of  Eng- 
 land in  Form,  it  was  refolved  to  begin  with  making  an  Ex- 
 ample of  fome  of  their  leading  Divines  :  Dr.  Sharp,  Rector 
 of  St.  Giles's,  having  broke  thro'  the  King's  Order,  "of  not 
 "  preaching  on  the  controverted  Points,"  and  fpoken  difre* 
 fpectfully  of  the  King's  Religion  in  one  of  his  Sermons,  the 
 Bifhop  of  London  was  ordered  to  fufpend  him  ;  but  the  Bi- 
 fhop, with  all  dutiful  Refpect  to  his  Majefty,  fent  Word, 
 That  he  could  not  proceed  in  fuch  a  fummary  Way,  but  that 
 when  the  Caufe  was  heard  in  the  Commons  he  would  pro- 
 nounce fuch  Sentence  as  the  Canons  mould  warrant  ;  and 
 in  the  mean  Time  would  defire  the  Doctor  to  forbear  preach- 
 ing. The  Court  refenting  the  Bifhop' s  Denial,  cited  him  be- 
 fore the  Ecclefiaftical  CommifTion,  Aug.  4,  where  he  was  trea- 
 ted by  JerFeries  in  a  manner  unbecoming  his  Character.  The 
 Bifhop  excepted  to  the  Authority  of  the  Court,  as  contrary 
 to  Law,  and  added,  that  he  had  complied  in  the  Doctor's  Cafe 
 as  far  as  the  Ecclefiaftical  Laws  would  permit.  But  notwith- 
 ftanding  ali  that  his  Lordfhip  could  fay  in  his  Defence  he  was 
 fufpended  ab  Officio,  and  the  Bifhops  of  Durham,  Roche- 
 fter,  and  Peterfbourgh,  were  appointed  CommUfi oners  to 
 exercife  Jurisdiction  during  his  Sufpenfion,.  But  Dr.  Sharp, 
 after,  having  exprefTedhis  Sorrow  in  a  Petition  for  falling  under 
 the  King's  Difpleaiure,  was  difmifTed  with  a  genteel  Repri- 
 mand, and  fwffered  to  return  to  the  Exercife  of  his  Function. 
 Privileges  of  The  King's  next  Attempt  was  upon  the  Univerfities  :  He 
 the  Univer-  began  with  Cambridge,    and   commanded   Dr,    Peachel  the 
 
 fity    of  ,7.°        ,  .   _  .j_^ ail.,    t? :.     ..  r> j:n: 
 
 Cambridge 
 
 Burnet, 
 p.  676. 
 
 lb.  p.  677. 
 
 Vice-chancellor  to  admit  one  Alban  Francis,  a  Benedictine 
 
 invaded. 
 Burnet, 
 $>,  700. 
 
 Monk,  to  the  Degree  of  M.  A.  without  adminiftring  to  him 
 any  Oath  or  Oaths  whatfoever  ;  all  which  his  Majefty  decla- 
 red he  would  difpenfe  with.  The  Vice-chancellor  having  read 
 the  Letter,  to  the  Congregation  of  Regents,  it  was  agreed  to 
 petition  the  King  to  revoke  his  Mandate  ;  but  ipfteadof  cornr 
 
 ptying 
 
Chap.  XI.  of  the  Puritans.  457 
 
 plying  with  their  Petition,  the  King  fent  for  the  Vice-chancel-     Kin§ 
 lor  before  the  Ecclefiaftical  Commiffion,  by  whom  he  was     ,686. 
 fufpended  "  ab  Officio  &  Beneficio,"  for  Difobedience  and  \_j—^ — J 
 Contempt  of  the  King's  Commands  ;  and  Dr.  Balderfton, 
 Mafter  of  Emanuel  College,  was  chofen  in  his  room. 
 
 Soon  after  the  King  Tent  a  Mandamus  to  the  Vice- prefident  And  of 
 of  Magdalen  College,  Oxford,  and  to  the  Fellows,  to  choofe  SJe™ 
 Mr.  Farmer,  a  Man  of  ill  Reputation,  their  Prefident,  in  the  Oxford, 
 room  of  Dr.  Clarke,  deceafed  ;  but  in  defiance  of  the  King's 
 Mandate  they  chofe  Dr.  Hough  ;  for  which  they  were  cited 
 before  the  EcclefiafHcal  Commiffioners,  but  having  proved 
 Farmer  to  be  a  Man  of  bad  Charecler,  the  King  relinquifhed 
 him,  and  ordered  them  by  another  Mandate  to  choofe  Dr. 
 Parker,  Bifhop  of  Oxford.  The  Fellows  having  agreed  to 
 abide  by  their  firft  choice  refufed  to  elect  the  Bifhop,  as  con- 
 trary to  their  Statutes.  Upon  which  the  Commiffioners  were 
 fent  to  vifit  them,  who  after  fundry  Enquiries  and  Examinati- 
 ons, deprived  Dr.  Hough,  and  inftalled  the  Bifhop  of  Oxford 
 by  Proxy  ;  and  the  Fellows  refufing  to  fign  a  Submiffion  to 
 their  new  Prefident,  twenty  five  of  them  were  deprived,  and 
 made  incapable  of  any  Benefice.  Parker  died  foon  after,  and 
 one  of  the  Popifh  Bifhops  was  by  Mandamus  chofen  Prefi- 
 dent in  his  Place  ;  which  enflamed  the  Church  Party  fo  far, 
 that  they  fent  preffing  Meffages  to  the  Prince  of  Orange,  defi- 
 ring  him  to  efpoufethe  Caufe  of  the  Church,  and  break  with  the 
 King  if  he  would  not  redrefs  their  Grievances.  Thus  the  very  Burnet, 
 firft  beginnings  of  Refinance  to  King  James  came  from  that  p'  7°1' 
 very  Univerfity  who  about  four  Years  before  had  pronounced 
 this  Doctrine  damnable  by  a  folemn  Decree  ;  and  from  thofe 
 very  Men  who  were  afterwards  King  William's  mofl  bitter 
 Enemies. 
 
 But  the   wider  and  more  defperate  the  War  was  between  Both  K'ne 
 the  King  and  the  Church,  the  more  neceffary  did  both  Par-  co^the'11 
 ties  find  it  to   (hew  kindnefs  to  the  Diffenters  :  for  this  pur-  DiiTenters. 
 pofe  his  Majefly  fent  Agents  among  them,  offering  them  the 
 Royal  Favour,  and  all  manner  of  Encouragement,  if  they 
 would  concur  with  his  Majefty   "  in   abrogating  the  Penal 
 ((  Laws  and  the  Teft  ;"  he  invited  fome  of  their  Minifters 
 to  Court,   and  pretended  to  confult  them   in  the  prefent  Cri- 
 fis.     The  Clergy,  at  the  fame  time,  prayed  and  entreated  the 
 Diffenters  to  appear  on  their  fide,  and  ftand  by  the  Eftablifh-  ging'*    . 
 ment,  making  large  Promifes  of  Favour  and  brotherly  Af-  council   for 
 feftion  if  ever  they  got  out  of  their  Troubles.  Liberty  of 
 
 The  King,  notwithstanding  the  frubbornnefs  of  the  Clergy,  C°nfcienGe- 
 called  a  Council,  in  which  he  declared  his  Refolution  to  iffue  ^""lls. 
 
 out 
 
The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y  Vol.  IV. 
 
 out  a  Declaration  for  a  <l  general  Liberty  of  Confcience  to 
 <k  all  Perfons  of  what  Perfuafion  fo  ever,"  "  which  he  was 
 "  moved  to  do,  by  having  obferved,  that  tho'  an  Uniformity 
 «  of  Worfhip  had  been  endeavoured  to  be  eftablifhed  within 
 '*  this  Kingdom  in  the  fuccellive  Reigns  of  four  of  his  Pre- 
 ««  deceffors,  aflifted  by  their  refpective  Parliaments,  yet  it  had 
 "  proved  altogether  ineffectual.      That  the  Reftraint  upon 
 *;  the  Confciences  of  the  Diflenters  had  been  very  prejudicial 
 ««  to  the  Nation,  as  was  fadly  experienced  by  the  horrid  Re- 
 "  bellion  in  the  time  of  his  Majefty's  Father.     That  the  ma- 
 "  ny  Penal  Laws  made  againft  Diffenters  had  rather  encreafed 
 *'  than  lefTened  the  Number  of  them  ;  and  that  nothing  could 
 »'«  more  conduce  to   the  Peace  and  Quiet  of  this  Kingdom, 
 **  and  the  Increafe  of  the  Number  as  well  as  of  the  Trade 
 "  of  his  Subjects,   than  an  entire  Liberty  of  Confcience,  it 
 "  having  always  been  his  Opinion,   as  moft  fuitable  to  the 
 "  Principles  of  Chriftianity,  That  no  Man  mould  be  perfe- 
 "  cuted  for   Confcience   fake  ;  for  he  thought  Confcience 
 "  could   not  be  forced,   and  that  it  could  never  be  the  true 
 "  Intereft  of  the   King  of  England  to  endeavour  to  do  it." 
 His  Maje-        This  Speech  meeting  with  no  Oppofition  in  the  Council, 
 ft,'s  Deoa-  h{s  Majefty  on  the  4th  of  April  caufed  his  gracious  Declaration 
 Indulgence.   *'or    Liberty   of  Confcience  to    be    published.       In  the  pre- 
 Gazeue,       amble  to  which  his  Majefty  does  nor  fcruple  to  fay,  That 
 No.  2231.    he  cannot  but  heartily  with  (as  it  will  eafily  be  believed)   that 
 all  his  Subjects  were  Members  of  the  Catholick  Church,  yet 
 it  is  his  Opinion,  "  That  Confcience  ought  not  to  be  forced," 
 for  the  Reafons  mentioned  in  the  foregoing  Speech,  which 
 he  recites  at  large  ;  and  then  adds,    "  By  virtue  of  his  Roy- 
 u  al  Prerogative,   he   thinks  fit  to  iffue  out  his  Declaration 
 "  of  Indulgence,   making  no    doubt  of  the  Concurrence  of 
 "  his  two  Houfes  of  Parliament,  when  he  fhall  think  it  con- 
 *s   venient  for  them  to  meet.    And,  Firft,  He  declares,  That 
 "  he  will  protect  and  maintain  his  Archbifhops,  Bifaops  and 
 "  Clergy,  and  all  other  his  Subjects  of  the  Church  of  Eng- 
 "  land,  in   the  free   Exercife  of  theit  Religion  as  by  Law 
 "  eftablifhed,   and    in  the  quiet  and  full  Enjoyment  of  their 
 "  PoffeiTions.      Secondly,  That  it  is  his  Royal  Will  and 
 "  Pleafure,  that  all  Penal  Laws  for  Non-Conformity  to  the 
 "  Religion  eftablifhed,  or  by  reafon  of  the  Exercife  of  Re- 
 **  ligion  in  any  Manner  whatfoever,  be  immediately  fufpen- 
 "  ded.     And  to  the  End,  that  by  the  Liberty  hereby  gran- 
 "  ted,    the   Peace   and   Security  of  the  Government  in  the 
 "  Practice  thereof  may  not  be  endangered,,  he  ftrictly  char- 
 ges 
 
Chap.  XI*       of  the  Puritans.  45*9 
 
 "  ges  and  commands  all  his  Subjects,  that  as  he  freely  gives       King 
 
 '«  them  leave  to  meet,  and  ferve  God  after  their  own  Way,   ^*™J*  U* 
 
 "  be  it    in    private  Houfes,  or  Places  purpofely  hired  and  ._  ~  -,j 
 
 "  built  for  that  Ufc,  fo  that  they  take  fpecial  Care  that  uo- 
 
 "  thing  be  preached  or  taught  among  them  which  may  alie- 
 
 "  nate  the   Hearts  of  his  People  from  him  or  his  Govern- 
 
 "  ment ;  that  their  Meetings  and  Affemblies  be  peaceably, 
 
 l<  openly,  and    publickly    held,  and   all  Perfons   freely  ad- 
 
 '■  mitted  to  them  ;  and  that  they  fignify  and  make  known 
 
 '<  to  fome  one  or  more  of  the  next  Juftices  of  Peace,   what 
 
 "  Place  or  Places  they  fet  apart  for  fuch  Ufes.    And  he  is  de- 
 
 *'  firous  to  have  the  Benefit  of  the  Service  of  all  his  Subjects, 
 
 H  which  by   the  Law  of  Nature  is  infeparably  annexed  and 
 
 <l  inherent  to  his  Royal  Perfon.      And  that  none  of  his  Sub- 
 
 "  jects  may  be  for  the  future  under  any  Difcouragements  or 
 
 "  Difability,  who  are  otherwife  well  inclined,  and  fit  to  fervc 
 
 "  him,  by  reafon  of  fome  Oaths  or  Tefts,  that  have  ufually 
 
 i(  been  adminiftered  upon  fuch  Occafions,  he  hereby  further 
 
 "  declares,  that  it  is  his  Will  and  Pleafure,  that  the   Oaths 
 
 "  of  Supremacy  and   Allegiance,  and  the  feveral  Tefts  and 
 
 •*  Declarations  mentioned  in  the  Acts  of  Parliament  made 
 
 "  in  the  25th    and  30th    of  his   Brother's   Reign  mall  not 
 
 *?  hereafter  be  required  to  be  taken,  declared,  or  fubferibed 
 
 "  by  any  Perfons  whatfocver,  who  are  or  fhall  be  employed 
 
 "  in  any  Office,  or  Place  of  Truft,  either  Civil  or  Military 
 
 "  under  him,  or  in  his  Government.      And  it  is  his  Inten- 
 
 •f  tion   from   Time    to   Time  hereafter  to  grant  his  Royal 
 
 '•  Difpenfation  to  all  his   Subjects,  fo  to  be  employed,  who 
 
 "  mail  not  take  the  faid  Oaths,  or  fubferibe  or  declare  the 
 
 **:  faid  Tefts  or  Declarations.     And  he  does  hereby  give  his 
 
 "  free  and  ample  Pardon  to  al!  Non-Conformift  Recufants, 
 
 '.«  and  other  his  Subjects,  for  all  Crimes  and  Things  by  them 
 
 "  committed,  or  done  contrary  to  the  Penal  Laws  formerly 
 
 "  made  relating  to  Religion,  and  the  Profeffion  or  Exercife 
 
 "  thereof.    And  although  the  Freedom  and  Aflurance  he  has 
 
 "  hereby  given  in  relation  to  Liberty  and  Property  might  be 
 
 "  fufficient  to    remove  from  the  Minds  of  his  Subjects  all 
 
 '?  Fears   and  Jealoufies  in  relation  to  cither,  yet  he  thinks 
 
 u  fit  to  declare,  that  he  will  maintain   them  in    all   their 
 
 "  Properties  and  PoflefTions,  as  well  of  Church  and  Abbey 
 
 u  Lands,  as  in   other  their  Eftates  and  Properties  whatfo- 
 
 "  ever." 
 
 A  Declaration  of  the  fame  Nature  was  fent  to  Scotland,  i T^Z  f°r 
 in   which   the  King,  "  by  Virtue  of  his  Prerogative  Royal,  Eachard. 
 u  abfolute  Authority  and  Power  over  all  his  Subjects,  who  P-  Io83- 
 
 J         \i       .     Burnet, 
 aie  P-  7*3* 
 
460  The  HISTORY       Vol.  IV. 
 
 King       n  are  bound  to  obey  him  without  reerve,  repeals  all  the  fe- 
 16S7.        "  vere  Laws  made  by  his  Grandfather  King  James  I.  and 
 1_J-v-_ii  "  takes  off  all  Difabilities  from  his  Romau  Catholick  Sub- 
 "  jects,  which  rendered  them  incapable  of  Employment  and 
 "  Benefices.      He  alfo  flackened  the  Laws  againfl  moderate 
 *'  Prefbyterians,  and  promifed  never  to  force  his  Subjects  by 
 tf  any  invincible  Neceffity  to  change  their  Religion.    He  alfo 
 "  repealed  all  Laws  impofing  Terrs  on  thofe  who  held  any' 
 "  Employments." 
 Remark*.  This  was  a  ffrange  Conduct  (fays  Bp.  Burnet)  in  a  Roman 
 
 Catholick  Monarch,  at  a  Time  when  his  Brother  of  France 
 had  jufi:  broke  the  Edict  of  Nantz,  and  was  Dragooning  his 
 Proteftant  Subjects  out  of  his  Kingdom.     But  the  Bifhop  fuf- 
 pects  the  King's  Sincerity  in  his  Declaration,  from  his  pro- 
 mising to  ufe  no  invincible  Neceffity  to  force  his  Subjects  to' 
 change  their  Religion,  as  if  there   was  a  Referve,  and  that 
 fome   Degrees  of  Compulfion  might  be  proper  one  time  of 
 other  ;  which  feems  to  have  been  a  paralled  Cafe  to  the  Doc- ' 
 trine  of  the  Church  concerning  Non  Refinance.     However,' 
 by  another  Proclamation  the  King  granted  full  Liberty  to  the 
 Scots  Prefbyterians  to  fet  up  Conventicles  in  their  own  Way, 
 which  they  thankfully  accepted  ;   but  when  his  iMajefty  pref- 
 fed  them  to  difpofe  their  Friends    to    concur  with    him   in 
 taking  off  the  Teft  and  Penal  Laws,    which  they   knew  was 
 only  to   ferve  the   Papifts,  they  anfwercd  only  in  cold   and 
 general  Terms. 
 Difientcrs  [n  purfuance   of  thefe  Declarations  the  DifTenters  of  all 
 
 2,ta;tred  to  gorts  were  not  onj    fet  at  Ljbert",  but  admitted  to  ferve  "  in 
 
 jci'vc  Olives  ■'  * 
 
 '  "  all  Offices  of  Profit  and  Truft."  Nov.  6,  the  King  fent 
 an  Order  to  the  Lord  Mayor  of  London  to  difpenfe  with 
 the  Quakers  not  f  rearing,  or  at  leafr  not  to  fine  them  if  they 
 refufcd  to  ferve,  by  which  means  a  Door  was  open  to  the  Ro-' 
 man  Catholicks,  and  to  all  others  to  bear  Offices  in  the  State 
 Sewel,  without  a  legal  Qualification.  Several  AddrefTes  were  pre- 
 P-  e°d'  fented  to  the  King  upon  this  Occ  ifion  from  the  Companies 
 in  the  City  of  London,  from  the  Corporations  in  the  Country, 
 and  even  from  the  Clergy  themfelves,  thanking  his  Majefry 
 for  '*  his  Declaration  for  Liberty  of  Confcience  ;  and  his 
 "  Promife  to  fupport  the  Church  of  England  as  by  Law 
 "  eftablifhed,"  afTuring  him  of  their  Endeavours  to  choofe 
 fuch  Members  for  the  next  Parliament  as  mould  give  it  a  more 
 
 But  will  not  *e£a^  Sanction. 
 
 acknowledge  The  feveral  Denominations  of  DifTenters  alfo  were  no  lefs 
 the  Difpen-  thankful  for  their  Liberty,  and  addrelfed  his  Majefry  in  higher 
 fing  Power.  strains  thaa  ronie  0f  their  elder  and  more  cautious  Minifters 
 
 P-     7 1 6.  , 
 
 approveq 
 
Chap.  XI.  of  the  P  u  r  I  t  A  n  s. 
 
 approved  of,  for  neither  Mr.  Baxter,    Mr.  StrettOn,  nor  a 
 great  many  others  would  join  in  them  ;  Bilhop  Burnet  ad- 
 mits, that  few  concurred   in   thofe  AddrefTes,  and  that  the 
 Perfons  who  carried  them  up  were  mean  and  inconfiderable. 
 When  there  was  ageneial  Meeting  of  the  Minifters  toconfider  Gazette, 
 of  their  Behaviour  in  this  Crifis,  and  two  MefTengers  from 
 Court  waited  to  carry  back  an  Account  of  the  Refult,  Mr. 
 Howe  gave  his  Opinion  againft  the  Difpenfing  Power,  and 
 every  Thing  that  might  contribute  Afliftance  to  the  Papifts  to 
 enable  them  to  fubvert  the  Proteftant  Religion.  Another  Mini- 
 fter  ftood  up  and  faid,  that  he  apprehended  their  late  Suffer- 
 ings   were  occafioned   more   by  their  firm  Adherence  to  the 
 Conftitution,  than  their  Religious  Differences  from  the  Efta- 
 bliihment,  and  therefore  if  the  King  expected  they  mould 
 give  up  the  Conftitution  and  declare  for  the  Difpenfing  Pow- 
 er, he  had  rather,  for  his  Part,  lofe  his  Liberty,  and  return 
 to  his  former  Bondage.     In  conclufion,  Mr.  Howe,  in  fum-  Howe's 
 ming  up  the  whole  Debate,  fignified  to  the  '*  Courtiers  that    '*'  p' *34' 
 '*  they  were  in   general  of  the  fame  Opinion."  Mr.  Coke 
 adds,  that  to   his  Knowledge  the  DhTenters  did  both  dread 
 and  deteft  the  Difpenfing  Power  ;  which  was  a  bold  Declara- 
 tion in  this  Crifis  from  a  Number  of  Men  who  fubfifled  only 
 by  the  Royal  Favour,  and  ought  to  bave  been  remembered  in 
 better  Times. 
 
 But  tho'  the  Court -were  a  little  difappointed  in  their  Expec-  Their    Ad* 
 tations  from  the  DifTenters,  they  put  the  heft  Face  they  could  dlvffesof 
 on  the  Affair,  and  received  the  AddrefTes  of  thofe  who  came  Gazette 
 to  Court  with  high  Commendations.     The  firft  that  went  up  No.  2234. 
 were  the  London  Anabaptifts,  who  fay,  that  "  the  Senfe  of 
 "  this  invaluable  Favour  and  Benefit  derived  to  us  from  your 
 "  Royal  Clemency,  compel  us  to  proftrate  ourfelves  at  your 
 "  Majefty's  Feet  with    the  Tender  of  our    moft  humble 
 U  Thanks  for  that  Peace  and  Liberty  which  both  we,  and  all 
 i(  other  DifTenters  from  the  National  Church  now  enjoy  "— 
 Next  came  the  Prefbyterians,  "  who  acknowledged  his  Ma- 
 *'  jetty's  Princely  Companion  in  refcuing  them   from  their 
 "  long  Sufferings,   in  refforing  to  God  the  Empire   over 
 *,'  Confcience,  and  publifhing  to  the  World  his  Royal  Chrifti- 
 **  an  Judgment,  That   Confcience  may  not  be  forced  ;  and 
 "  his  Refolution  that  fuch  Force  fhould  not  be  attempted  in 
 
 if*  his  Reign,  which  they  pray  may  be  long" Then 
 
 followed  the  Independants  :  "  Sir,    the  great  Calamity  we  Gazette 
 .*'  have  been  a  long  Time  under,  thro*  the  fevere  Execution  N».  az3&, 
 «*  of  Penal  Laws  in  Matters  of  Religion,  has  made  us  deeply 
 "  fenfible  of  your  Majefty's  Princely  Clemency  towards  us 
 
 "  Diflenting 
 
46i  The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y        Vol.  IV. 
 
 King      «  Diflenting  Subje&s,    efpecially   fince  in  the    Indulgence 
 
 1687.  *    "  vouchfafedtliere  are  no  LimitEtious  hindering  the  Enjoyment 
 
 Smm-^fmmj  •*  of  it  with  a  good  Confcience,  and  that  your  Majefty  pub- 
 
 "  lifhed  to  the  World,  that  it  has  been  your  conftant  Senfe 
 
 '*  and  Opinion,  that  Confcience  ought  not  to  be  conftrained, 
 
 "  nor  People  forced  in  Matters  of  meer  Religion" * 
 
 About  the  fame  Time  was  publifhed  the  humble  and  thankful 
 Addrefs  of  the  London  Quakers,  to  this  Purpofe  ;  "  Miy  it 
 "  pleafe  the  King  !  Tho'  we  are  not  the  firft  in  this  Way, 
 *'  yet  we  hope  we  are  not  the  leaft  fenfible  of  the  great  Fa- 
 a  vours  we  are  come  to  prefent  the  King  our  humble,   open, 
 
 '*  and  hearty  Thanks  for We  rejoice  to  fee  the  Day 
 
 "  that  a  King  of  England  fhould  from  his  Royal  Seat  fo  uni- 
 "  verfally  afTert  this  Royal  Principle,  that  Confcience  ought 
 *'  not  to   be   refixained,  nor  People  forced  for  Matters  of 
 
 "  Religion"  The  feveral  Add refTes  above  mentioned 
 
 exprefled  their  humble  Dependance  on  his  Majefty's  Royal 
 Promife  t*  to  fecure  their  Rights  and  Properties,"  and  that 
 he  will  endeavour  to  engage  his  two  Houfes  of  Parliament  to 
 concur  with  him  in  this  good  Work.     Here  are  no  Flights  of 
 Expreffions,  nor  Promifes  of  '.*  Obedience    without     Re- 
 "  ferve,"  but  purely  a  Senfe  of  Gratitude  and  Thankfulnefs 
 for  their  Liberty. 
 They  are  ne-      And  though  it  muft  be  allowed  that  fome  few  DifTenters, 
 Tertheiefs      from  an  EXCefs  of  Joy  for  their  Liberty,  or  it  may  be,  from 
 K^'g's'con^  fttong  Refentment  againft  their  late  Perfecutors,  publifhed 
 iu£i.  fome  fevere  Pamphlets,  and  gave  too  much  Countenance  to 
 
 the  Meafures  of  the  Court,  as  Mr.  Lobbe,  Alfop,    and  Pen 
 the  Quaker,  yet  the  Body  of  them  kept  at  a  Diftance,  and 
 "  as  thankful  as  they  were  for  their  Liberty  (fays  Lord  Ha- 
 "  lifax)   they  were  fearful  of  the  IfTue  ;  neither  can  any 
 u  Number  of  Confideration  among  them,  be  charged  with 
 (t  hazarding  the  publick  Safety  by  falling  in  with  the  Meafures 
 "  of  the  Court,  of  which  they  had  as  great  a  Dread  as  their 
 **  Neighbours."     And  the  Lords,  in  a  Conference  with  the 
 Houfe  of  Commons  upon,  the  Occafional  Bill,  in  the   firft 
 Year  of  Queen  Ann,  fay,  "  That  in  the  laft  and  greateft 
 "  Danger  the  Church  was  expofed  to,  the  DifTenters  joined 
 The  Church"  with  her,  with  all  imaginable  Zeal  and  Sincerity,  againft 
 in  Diftrefs  ct  the  Papifts  their  common  Enemies,  (hewing  no  Prejudice 
 DiSnlerf6  *  to  the  Church,  but  the  utmoft  Refpeft  totheBifhops  when 
 f«r  Aflift-     "  fent  to  the  Tower." 
 
 ance'  But  as  the  King  and  Court  feemed  to  carry  all  before  them, 
 
 p.  7S  709. tne  Church  Party  were  in  Defpair,  and  almoft  at  their  Wits 
 
 end'; 
 
Chap.  XI.       '  of  the    Puritans.  463 
 
 end  ;  they  faw  themfelves  on  the  brink  of  Ruin,  imagining      Kins 
 that  they  fhould  be   turned  out  of  their  Freeholds  for  not      ^|     * 
 reading  the  King's  Declaration,  and   that  the  Non-Confor- 
 mifts  would  be  admitted  into  their  Pulpits  ;  as  Dr.  Sherlock, 
 Mafter  of  the  Temple,    acknowledged   in  Converfation  to 
 Mr.  Howe  j  and  that,  as  the  Papifts  had  already  invaded  the 
 Univerfities,   they  would  in  a  little  Time  overfet  the  Whole 
 Hierarchy  of  the  Church.     In  this  diltrefs  they  turned  their 
 Eyes  every  where  for  Relief:  They  applied  to  the  Diffenters, 
 giving  them    the  ftrongeft  Affurances  of  a  Comprehenfion, 
 and  Toleration  in  better  Times,   if  they  wonld  but  aflift 
 in  delivering  them  out  of  their   prefent  Troubles.      Bifhop  With  ftrong 
 Burnet  fays,  that  the   Clergy  here  in  England  writ  to  the  p™™ksinof 
 Prince  of  Orange,  and  defired  him  to  fend  over  fome  of  the  better 
 Diffenting  Preachers,  whom   the   Violence  of   the    former  Times. 
 Times   had  driven  into  Holland,   and  to  prevail  effectually 
 with   them  to  oppofe  any  falfe  Brethren,    whom  the  Court 
 might  have  gained  over ;  and  that  they  fent  over  very  pofitive 
 Affurances,   which  paffed  through  his  own  Hands,   "  that  in 
 **•  cafe  they  flood  firm  now  to  the  common  Intereft  they 
 "  would   in  a  better  Time  come  into  a  Comprehenfion  of 
 "  fuch   as    could  be  brought  into  a  Conjunction   with    the 
 *'  Church,    and  to  a  Toleration  with  the  reft."     Agreeably  By  the  Inte- 
 to    thefe  Affurances,   when  the  Reverend  Mr.  Howe,  Mr. reft  of  the 
 Mead,  and  other  Refugee  Minifters,   waited  on  the  Prince  Jrange.0 
 of  Orange,   to  return  him  Thanks  for  the  Protection  of  the 
 Country,   and  to  take  their  Leave,  his  Highnefs  made  them 
 fome  Prefents  to  pay   their  Debts  and  defray  their  Charges 
 home  ;    and  having  wifhed  them  a  good  Voyage,   headvifed 
 them  to  be  very  cautious  in  their  Addreffes  ;  and  not  to  fuf- 
 fer  themfelves  to  be  drawn  into  the  Meafures  of  the  Court  fo 
 far  as  to  open  a  Door  for  the  introducing  of  Popery,  by  de- 
 firing  the  talcing  off  the  "  Penal  Laws  and  Teft"  as  was  in- 
 tended.   He  defired  them  alfo  to  ufe  their  Influence  with  their 
 Brethren  to  lay  them  under  the  fame  Reftraints.     His  High- 
 nefs alfo  fent  Orders  to  Monfieur  Dykevelt  hisRefident,  to 
 prefs  the  DifTenters  to  (land  off  from  the  Court  ;    "  and  to 
 "  affure  them  of  a  full  Toleration  and  Comprehenfion  if 
 <c  poffible,   when  the  Crown  fhould  devolve  on  the  Princefs 
 "    of  Orange."     Agents  were  fent  among  the  Diffenters  to 
 foften  their   Refentment  againft  the  Church,  and  to  affure 
 them,   that  for   the  future   they  would  treat   them  as  Bre- 
 thren, as  will  be  feen  in  the  next  Chaprer. 
 
 The  Diffenters  had  it  now  in  their  Power  to  diftrefs  the  Remarks. 
 Church  Party,  and  it  may  be,  to  have  turned  the  Scale 
 
 againft 
 
464 
 
 The  HISTORY  Vol.  IV. 
 
 King       againft  them,  if  they  would  have  given  way  to  revenge,  and 
 James  II.    faneri  inheartily  with  theJfCing's  Meafures.  They  were  ftrong- 
 ,    '    7'    i  ly  tempted  on  both  Sides ;  the  King  preferred  them  to  Places  of 
 Profit  and  Truft,  and  gave  them  all  Manner  of  Countenance 
 and  Encouragement  ;   and  the  Churchmen  loaded  them  with 
 Promifes  and  Aflurances  what  great  Things  they  would  do  for 
 them,  as  foon  as  it  was  in  their  Power.     But  alao  !  no  fooner 
 was  the  Danger  over  but  the  Majority  broke  their  Vows  in 
 Diftrefs  ;  for  when  the  Convocation  met  the  firft  Time  after 
 the  Revolution  they  would  not  hear  of  a  Comprehenhon,  nor 
 fo  much   as    acknowledge   the  foreign    Churches   for   their 
 Brethren,  but  feemed  rather  inclinable  to  return  to  their  old 
 Methods  of  Perfecution  ;  fo   little    Dependance  ought  to 
 be  placed  on  High  Church  Promifes  ! 
 Letterto  the      But  in  their  prefeut  Circumftances  it  was  neceflary  to  flatter 
 Difl'enters.     tne  Non-Conformifts,   and   weaken  the  King's  Hands,    by 
 dhTuadingthe  Dili  enters  from  relying  on  the  Promifes  of  their 
 new  Friends  ;  for  this  Purpofea  Phamphlet  writ  by  the  Mar- 
 quifs  of  Hallifax,  and   published  by  Advice   of  fome  of  the 
 mod  eminent  Dignitaries  of  the  Church,    was  difperfed  all 
 over  England,  entituled,  "  A  Letter  to  a  Diflenter  upon  Oc- 
 "  canon  of  his  Majefty's  late  gracious  Declaration  of  Indul- 
 *'  gence."     It  begins  with  faying,  "  That  Churchmen  are 
 "  not  furprized  nor  provoked  at  the  Diflenters  accepting  the 
 "  Offers  of  Eafe  from  the  late  Hardships  they  lay  under,  but 
 *'  defire  them  to  confider,   I.  The  Caufe  they  have  to  fuf- 
 *«  peel  theic  new  Friends.     And,  2.  Their  Duty  in  Chrifti- 
 "  anity  and  Prudence  not  to  hazard  the  publick  Safety  by  a 
 ««  Defire  of  Eafe  or  Revenge. 
 
 «'  With  regard  to  the  FirlT,  the  Church  of  Rome  (fays  the 
 ct  Author)  does  not  only  diflike  your  Liberty,  but  by  its  Prin- 
 M  ciples  cannot  allow  it  j  they  are  not  able  to  make  good 
 "  their  Vows  ;  nay,  it  would  be  a  Habit  of  Sin  that  requires 
 "  Abfolution  ;  you  are  therefore  hugged  now  only  that  you 
 tc  may  be  better  fqueezed  another  Time.  To  come  fo  quick 
 "  from  one  Extream  to  another  is  fuch  an  unnatural  Motion, 
 "  that  you  ought  to  be  on  your  Guard  :  The  other  Day  you 
 "  were  the  Sons  of  Belial,  now  you  are  Angels  of  Light  — ■ 
 "  Popery  is  now  the  only  Friend  of  Liberty,  and  the  known 
 "  Enemy  of  Perfecution.  We  have  been  under  (hameful 
 "  Miftakes  if  this  can  be  either  true  or  lading." 
 
 The  Letter  goes  on  to  infinuate,  "   that  fome  Minifters 
 "  have  been  bribed  into  Meafures  of  the  Court  j  that  they 
 
 were 
 
ti 
 
 Chap.  XI.      of  the  Purita  n  s. 
 
 f/  were  under  Engagements,  and  impowered  to  give  re- 
 "  wards  to  others,  where  they  could  not  perfwade.  Now 
 "  if  thefe  or  others  mould  preach  up  anger  and  vengeance 
 fl  againft  the  Church  of  England,  ought  they  not  rather 
 "  to  be  fufpected  of  Corruption,  than  to  act  according  to 
 
 *f  Judgment  ; If  they  who  thank  the  King  for  his 
 
 "  Declaration  mould  be  engaged  to  juftify  it  in  point  of 
 "  Law,  I  am  perfuaded  it  is  more  than  the  Addrefiers  are 
 
 "  capable  of  doing There  is  a  great  difference   be- 
 
 i(  tween  enjoying  quietly  the  advantage  of  an  A£t  irregu- 
 larly done  by  others,  and  becoming  Advocates  for  it; 
 ((  but  frailties  are  to  be  excufed  ■  -Take  warning  by  the  mif- 
 u  take  of  the  Church  of  England,  when  after  the  Refto- 
 "  ration  they  preferved  fo  long  the  bitter  tafte  of  your 
 "  rough  ufage  to  them,  that  it  made  them  forget  their  In- 
 
 "  tereft  and  facrifice  it  to  their  Revenge If  you  had 
 
 "  now  to  do  with  rigid  Prelates  the  argument  might  be  fair 
 !'  on  your  fide,  but  fince  the  'common  danger  has  fo  laid 
 "  open  the  miftake,  that  all  former  Haughtinefs  towards 
 if  the  DilTenters  is  for  ever  extinguifhed,  and  the  Spirit  of, 
 "  Perfecution  is  turned  into  a  Spirit  of  Peace,  Charity,  and 
 ,(  Condefcenfion,  will  you  not   be  moved  by  fuch  an  Ex- 
 
 "  ample  ? If  it  be   faid,  the  Church  is  only  humble 
 
 "  when  it  is  out  of  Power  ;  the  Anfwer  is,  that  is  un- 
 "  charitable,  and  an  unfeafonable  Triumph  ;  befides,  it 
 if  is  not  fo  in  fa6t,  for  if  the  would  comply  with  the 
 "  Court,  (he  could  turn  all  the  Thunder  upon  yourfelves, 
 "  and  blow  you  off  the  Stage  with  a  Breath ;  but  fhe  will 
 
 "  not   be  refcued  by  fuch  unjuitifiable  means -You 
 
 tf  have  formerly  very  juftly  blamed  the  Church  of  Eng- 
 "  land  for  going  too  far  in  her  Compliance  with  the  Court; 
 "  conclude  therefore  that  you  mull:  break  off  your  Friend- 
 
 If  fhip  or  fet  no  Bounds  to  it- -The  Church   is  now 
 
 "  convinced  of  its  Error,  in  being  too  fevere  to  you;  the 
 "  next  Parliament  will  be  gentle  to  you  ;  the  next  Heir  is  bred 
 "  in  a  Country  famous  for  Indulgence  ;  there  is  a  general 
 *'  Agreement  of  thinking  Men,  that  we  mud  no  more  cut 
 "  ourfelves  off  from  foreign  Protcdants,  but  enlarge  our 
 "  Foundations;  fo  that  all  things  confpire  to  give  you  Eafe 
 "  and  Satisfaction,  if  you  do  not  too  much  anticipate  it. 
 "  To  conclude,  the  fhort  Queflion  h,  Whether  or  no 
 "  you  will  join  with  thofe  who  muff  in  the  end  run  the 
 "  fame  fate  with  you  ?  If  the  Protectants  of  all  forts  have 
 '*  been  to  blame  in  their  Behaviour  to  each  other,  they 
 "  are  upon  equal  terms,  and  for  that  very  Reafon  ought 
 Vol.  IV.  G  g  "  now 
 
466  The  HISTORY         Vol.  IV. 
 
 King      «  now  t0  De  reconciled "     How  juft  fo  ever  the  rea* 
 
 "*687        Toning  of  this  Letter  may  be,  either  the  Author  did  not 
 ^_—  v~— i*  know  the  Spirit  of  the  Church   Party  (as  they  were  called) 
 or  he  muft  bluffo  when  he  compares  it  with   the  Fad  that 
 followed  the  Revolution,      Twenty  thoufand  Copies  were 
 difperfed  about  the  City  and  Country,  and  had  a  very  good 
 effect,  for  the  honeft  well-meaning  Diflenters  made  no  ad- 
 vantage of  the  favourable  Juncture  ;  they  entered  into  no 
 Alliances  with  the  Papifts,  nor  complied  with  Court  Mea- 
 fures,  any  further  than  they  favoured  the  caufe  of  that  re- 
 ligious Liberty,  which  they  had   a  natnral  Right   to,  and 
 which  the  Church   Party  ought  never  to  have  taken  from 
 them. 
 Meafures  of      The  War  between  the  King  and  the  Church  being  now 
 the  Court  to  open,  each   party  prepared  for  their  defence ;  the  points 
 eir'Tokra-  'n  debate  were,  A  general  Toleration,  and    the  Difpenfing 
 tion.  Power  ;    the  latter  of  which   the  High  Church  Party  had 
 
 connived  ai  in  the  late  Reign  ;  but  when  the  edge  of  it 
 was  turned  againft  themfelves,  (the  King  having  made  ufe 
 of  it  to  break  down  the  fence  of  the  Church,  by  "  abro- 
 "  gating  the  Penal  Laws  and  Tefts,  and  making  an  Inroad 
 "  upon  the  two  Univerfities)"  they  cried  out  againft  it  as 
 fubverting  the  whole  Conftitution  ;  and  forgetting  their 
 late  Addrefles,  contefted  this  Branch  of  the  Prerogative. 
 The  King  had  got  the  opinion  of  the  Judges  for  the  Lega- 
 lity of  it,  but  this  not  giving  Satisfaction,  he  determined  to 
 No  2302.  obtain  a  Parliamentary  Sanation.  For  this  purpofe  he  pub- 
 lilhed  the  following  Order  in  the  Gazette,  '*  that  whereas 
 "  his  Majefty  was  refolved  to  ufe  his  utmoft  Endeavours, 
 "  that  his  Declaration  of  Indulgence  might  pafs  into  a 
 "  Law,  he  therefore  thought  fit  to  review  the  Lifts  of 
 "  Deputy-Lieutenants,  and  Juftices  of  Peace  in  the  feveral 
 "  Counties,  that  thofe  may  be  continued  who  would  be 
 "  ready  to  contribute  what  in  them  lies  towards  the  ac- 
 "  complifhment  of  fo  good  and  neceflary  a  work,  and 
 **  fuch  others,  added  to  them,  from  whom  his  Majefty 
 "  may  reafonably  expect  the  like  Concurrence  and  Aftift- 
 The  King  "  ance."  According  to  this  Refblution  the  King's  firfl: 
 goes  a  Parliament  was  diflblved,  and  Agents   were   employed  fo 
 
 r°g  .  difpofe  the  People  to  the  choice  of  fuch  new  Members  as 
 might  facilitate  the  affair.  The  King  himielf  went  a  Pro- 
 grefs  round  the  Country  to  ingratiate  himfelf  with  the  Peo- 
 ple ;  and  it  can  hardly  be  expreffed  (fays  Eachard)  with 
 what  joyful  acclamations  his  Majefty  was  received,  and 
 loyal  acknowledgments  were  paid  him  in   all  places  ;    but 
 
 in 
 
Chap.  XI.  of  the  Puritans.  46'] 
 
 in  the  arFair  of  the  Tefts  (fays  Burnet)   there  was  a  vifible      Kins 
 coldnefs  among  the  Kobility  nnJ  Gentry,  tho'  the  King  be-      ,™gS_  * 
 havec  in  a  moll:  obliging  manner.  ■     -t  -  _/ 
 
 When  the  King  returned   from  his  Progrefs  he  began  top.  717. 
 change  the  iVJagiftracy  in  the  feveral  Corporations  in  Eng-  £hawS<;s- 
 land,  according  to  the  Powers  referved  to  the  Crown  in  ftrates  in 
 the  new  Charters  ;  he  turned  out  feveral  of  the  Aldermen  Corporati- 
 of  the  City  of  London,  and  placed  new  ones  in  their  room.  ons* 
 He  caufed  the  Lifts  of  the  Lord  Lieutenants,  and  Deputy- 
 Lieutenants,  to  be  reviewed,  and  fuch  as  would    not   pro- 
 mife  to  employ  their  Interefts  in    the  Repeal  c{  the  Penal 
 Laws  were  difcarded.     Many   Proteftant  DifTenters  were 
 put  into   CommifTion  on  this  occafion,  in  hopes  that  they 
 would   procure  fuch  Members  for  the  next  Parliament  as 
 mould  give  them  a  legaj  Right  to  what  they  now  enjoyed 
 only  by  the  Royal  Favour  ;  but  when  the  King  oreffed  it 
 upon  the  Lord  Mayor  of  London,  and  the  new  Aldermen, 
 who  were  chiefly  DifTenters,  they  flood  at  a  Diftance,  and 
 made  no  reply. 
 
 The  Reafon  of  the  DifTenters  coldnefs  in  an  afTair  that  Reafons  of 
 fo  nearly  concerned  them,  and  for  which   they  have  fince  the  D'f- 
 expreffed  fo  ftrong  a  defire,  was  no  other   than     "  their  Renters  not 
 ff,  concern  for  the  Proteftant  Religion,  and    their  averfion  abrogating 
 f(  to  Popery."     The  King  was  not  only  a  Roman  Catho-  the  Penal 
 lick,  but  a  Bigot  ;    and  it  was  evident,  that   the   plucking  tn*Wxfme 
 up  the  Fences  at  this  time  muft  have  let  in  an   Inundation 
 of  that  Religion  upon  the  Nation.     If  the  King  had  been 
 a  Proteftant  the   cafe  had   been   different,  becaufe    Papifts 
 could  not  take  the  Oaths  of  Allegiance  and  Supremacy  to 
 a   Prince    who   ftands    excommunicated  by    the    Church 
 of  Rome  ;    but    now   there  would    be   no  obftacle,  or   if 
 there  was,   the  King  would  difpenfe  with  the  Law  in   their 
 favour  ;  the  DifTenters  therefore  were   afraid,  that  if  they 
 fhould  give  into  the  King's  meafures,  for   the  fake  of  their 
 prefent  Liberty,   Popery  in    a   little   time   would  ride   tri- 
 umphant, and  not  only  fwallow  up  the  Church  of  England, 
 but   the    whole    Proteftant  lntereft.      This  induced   them 
 to  ftand   at   a  diftance,  and  rely  upon  the  precarious  Pro- 
 mifes  of  the  Church  of  England. 
 
 .    According  to  this   Reiblution   Bifhop    Burnet  obferves,  Behaviour 
 that  Sir  Jojin  Shorter,   the  new  Lord  Mavor,   and  a  Prote-  ofsir  J"hn 
 ftant  Difienter,  thought  fit  to  qualify  him'felf  for  his  Office  dhEJ" 
 according  to  Law,  though  the  Teft  was  fufpended,  and  the  Ld  Mayor, 
 King  had  fignified   to   the  Mayor  that   he  was    at   liberty,  Burnet, 
 and  might  uk  what  Form  of  Worlhip  he  thought  beff.  in  p'  7I 
 Guildhall,  which  was  defigned  as  an  Experiment  to  engage 
 G  £  2  the 
 
The    HISTORY  Vol.  IV. 
 
 the  Presbyterians   to  make  the  firff.  change  from  the  efta- 
 blifhed  Worfhip,  concluding,  that  if  a  Prefbyterian  May- 
 or did  this  one  year,  it  would  be  eafy  for  a  Popifh  Mayor 
 to  do  it  the  next ;  but  his  Lordfnip  referred  the  cafe  to  thofe 
 Clergymen  who   had  the   Government  of  the  Diocefe   of 
 London   during  the   Biihop's  Sufpenfion,  who  affured  his 
 Lordfhip  it  was  contrary  to  Law  ;  fo  that  though  the  Lord 
 Mayor  went   fometimes  to  the  Meetings  of  Diffenters,  he 
 went  frequently  to  Church,  and  behaved  with  more  decen- 
 cy (fays  his  Lordfhip)  than  could  have  been  expected.    This 
 difobliged  the  King  to  a  very  high  degree,  inlomuch  that  he 
 faid,  "   The  Diffenters  were  an  ill-natured  fort  of  People 
 "  that  could  not  be  gained." 
 The  Kin"         1'ne  oppofition    the  King  met  with  heightened  his  Re- 
 goes  into       fentments,  and  pufhed  him  on  rafh  and  violent  Meafures ; 
 raft  and       -f  ]ae  kacj  proceeded  by  f]ow  degrees,  and  fecured  one  con- 
 Meafures,     queft  before  he  had  ventured  on  another,  he   might  have 
 by  Advice     fucceeded,  but  he  gave  himfelf  up  to  the  Fury  of  his  Priefts, 
 Pii  it  W^°  advifed  him   to  make  hafte  with  what   he    intended. 
 
 This  was  difcovered  by  a  Letter  from  the  Jefuits   at  Leige 
 to  thole   of  Friburgh,  which  fays,  the  King   wifhed   they 
 could  furnifh  him  with  more  Priefts  to  aflift  him  in  the  Con- 
 verfion  of  the  Nation,  which  his  Majefty  was  refolved  to 
 bring   about,  or  die  a  Martyr  in   the  attempt.     He   faid, 
 Burnet,        "  He  muft  make  hafte,  that  he  might  accomplifti  it  in  his 
 p.  711,  712.  "  Life-time  ;"  and  when  one  of  them  was  lamenting  that 
 his  next  Heir  was  an   Heretick,  he  anfwered,  •'  God  will 
 "  provide  an  Heir  ;"  which  argued,  either  a  ftrong  Faith, 
 or  a  formed  dellgn  of  impofing   one   on  the  Nation.     Fa- 
 ther Petre  was  the  King's  chief  Minifter,  and  one  of  his 
 Majelfy's  Privy  Council,  a  bold  and  forward   Man,  who 
 Ib  pufhed  at  every  thing  that  might  ruin  the  Church.     The 
 
 King  defigned  him  for  the  Archbiflioprick  of  York,  now 
 vacant,  and  for  a  Cardinal's  Cap,  if  he  could  make  Inte- 
 reft  with  the  Pope  ;  for  this  purpofe  the  Earl  of  Caftle- 
 main  was  fent  Ambafl'ador  to  Rome ;  and  a  Nuncio  was 
 tent  from  thence  into  England,  to  whom  his  Majefty 
 paid  all  pofRble  refpect,  and  gave  Audience  at  Windfor 
 though  it  was  contrary  to  Law  ;  for  all  Commerce  with 
 the  Court  of  Rome  was  declared  High  Treafon  by  the 
 Statute  of  King  Henry  VIIL  but  the  King  faid  "  He  was 
 above  Law ;"  and  becaufe  the  Duke  of  Somerfet  would 
 not  venture  to  officiate  hi  this  Palace  at  the  Ceremony  he 
 was  difmhTed  from  all  his  Employments. 
 
 It 
 
Chap.  XI.         of  the  P  u  r  i  t  a  n  s.  469 
 
 It  was  a  fatal  Error  in  King   James  to  put  a   Slight  on      Kins 
 the  ancient  Nobility,  and  turn  moil:  of  his  Servants  out  of      "gg_  ' 
 their  places  becaufe  they  were  Protectants  :    This  weaken-  i_— v— «-j 
 ed  his  Intereft,  and  threw  the  Men  of  Influence  into  the  Bifhop' 
 hands  of  the  Church.     It    was  impofiible   to   difeuife   his Paiker 
 
 .  .  _.    r  D  writes  tor 
 
 Majefty's  Defign  of  introducing  Popery  upon  the  Lftablifh-  the  Court, 
 ment  any  longer,  therefore  Parker  Bifhop  of  Oxford  was  Burnet, 
 employed  to  juflify  it,  who  publifhed  a  Book,  entituled,  p'  74°' 
 "  Reafons  for  Abrogating  the  Teft  impofed  on  all 
 "  Members  of  Parliament ;"  which  could  have  no  other 
 Reference,  but  to  the  renouncing  "  Tranfubflantiation, 
 '•*  and  the  Idolatry  of  the  Church  of  Rome  j"  for  the 
 Members  of  Parliament  had  no  other  Qualification  impo- 
 fed  upon  them  befides  the  Oaths  of  Allegiance  and  Supre- 
 macy. The  Bifhop  faid  much  to  excufe  the  Doctrine  of 
 Tranfubflantiation,  and  to  free  the  Church  of  Rome  from 
 the  charge  of  Idolatry.  The  Book  was  licenfed  by  the 
 Earl  of  Sunderland,  and  the  Stationer  was  commanded  not 
 to  print  any  Anfwer  to  it  ;  but  Dr.  Burnet,  then  in  Hol- 
 land, gave  it  a  very  fmart  and  fatyrical  Reply,  which  quite 
 ruined  the  Bifhop's  Reputation. 
 
 But  his  Majefty's  chief  dependance  was  upon  his  Army,  Protef- 
 which  he  was  calling  into  a  popifh  Mould  ;  Proteflant  Of-  'j"^/^ 
 ficers  were  turned  out ;  Portfmouth  and  Hull,  the  two  prin-  r.  cathol. 
 cipal  Seaports  in  England,  were  in  Popiih  Hands ;  and  the  put  into 
 -Majority  of  the  Garrifons  were  of  the  fame  Religion.     Ire-thclt 
 land  was  an  inexhauftable  Seminary,  from  whence  England 
 was  to  be  fupplied  with  a  Catholick  Army  ;  an  Irifh  Roman 
 Catholick  (fays  Welwood)  was   a  moft  welcome  Guefl:  at 
 Whitehall  ;    and  they  came  over  in  fhoals.     Over  and  a^ 
 bove   compleat  Regiments  of   Papifts  there  was  fcarce  a 
 Troop  or  Company  in  the  Army  wherein  fome  of  that  Re- 
 ligion was  not  placed,  by  exprefs  orders  from  Court.     Up- 
 on the  whole,  the  affairs  of  the  Nation   were   almoft  at  a 
 Crifis ;  and  it  was  believed,  that  what  the  King  could  not 
 accomplifh  by  the  gentler  methods  of  Interefl  and  Perfua- 
 fion  he    would  eftablifh  by  his    Sovereign  Power.     The 
 Army  at  Blackheath  was  to  awe  the  City  and  Parliament ; 
 and  if  they  proved  refractory,    an  Irifh  Maffacre,  or  fome 
 other  defperate  attempt,  might  pofiibly  decide   the  Fate  of 
 the  Nation. 
 
 About  this  time  died  the  Rev.  Mr.  David  Clarkfon,  B.  D.  Death 
 born  at  Bradford  in  Yorkfhire,  Feb.    1621-2.  and  Fellow  ofMl'; 
 of  Clare  Hall,  Cambridge,  where  he  was   Tutor  to  Dr. 
 Tillotfon,  afterwards  Archbifhop  of  Canterbury.    Dr.  Bates 
 Gg  3  in 
 
470  The    H  I  S  T  O  R  Y        l?f  .  IV. 
 
 T  KmSrr  'n  ^'s  funeral  Sermon  gives  him  the  character  uf  r.  Man  of 
 ,687.  '  fincere  Godlinefs  and  true  Holinefs :  Humility  and  Modef- 
 U— y- — m*  ty  were  his  diflincHve  chara&ers ;  and  his  Learning  was  fu- 
 perior  to  moil  of  his  Time,  as  arrears  by  his  4i  Treatife 
 *'  of  Liturgies,  his  Primitive  Epiiopacy,  his  Pra^uca!  Di- 
 "  vinity  of  Papifts  deflruclive  to  Men's  Souls  5  aic  his  Vb- 
 *'  lume  of  Sermons,"  printed  after  his  death.  He  was 
 fome  time  Minifter  of  Mortiack  in  Surrey,  hut  after  his  E- 
 jectmenthe  gave  himfelf  up  to  Reading  and  Mediations, 
 fhifting  from  one  place  of  obfeurily  to  another  till  the  times 
 fufTered  him  to  come  into  Light  ;  he  was  then  chofen 
 SuccefTor  to  the  Reverend  Dr.  John  Cwen,  in  the  Pafto- 
 ral  Office  to  his  Congregation.  Mr.  Baxter  fays,  He  was 
 a  Divine  of  extraordinary  worth  for  folid  Judgment,  of 
 healing,  moderate  Principles,  of  great  acquaintance  with 
 the  Fathers,  of  great  minifterial  Abilities,  and  of  a  godly, 
 upright  Life.  Great  was  his  Solemnity  and  Reverence  in 
 Prayer  ;  and  the  method  of  his  Sermons  was  clear,  deep 
 and  inftruefcive.  His  Death  was  unexpected,  but  (as  he  de- 
 clared) it  was  no  furprize  to  him,  for  he  was  entirely  re- 
 figned  to  the  Will  of  God,  and  defired  to  live  no  longer 
 than  to  be  ferviceable.  This  good  Man  (fays  Dr.  Bates) 
 like  holy  Simeon,  had  Chrift  in  his  Arms,  and  departed  in 
 peace,  to  fee  the  Salvation  of  God  above,  in  the  fixty-flxth 
 year  of  his  age. 
 Of  Dr.  Dr.  Thomas  Jacomb  was  born  in  Leicefterfhire,  and  edu- 
 
 Jacomb.  cated  firft  in  Magdalen  Hall,  Oxon,  and  after  in  Emanuel 
 College,  Cambridge,  from  whence  he  removed  to  Trini- 
 ty College,  of  which  he  was  Fellow.  He  came  to  London 
 in  1647.  and  was  foon  after  Minifter  of  Ludgate  Parifh, 
 where  he  continued  till  he  was  turned  out  in  1662.  He 
 met  with  fome  trouble  after  his  Ejectment,  but  being  re- 
 ceived into  the  Family  of  the  Countefs  Dowager  of  Exe- 
 ter, Daughter  of  the  Earl  of  Bridgwater,  he  was  covered 
 from  his  Enemies.  This  honourable  and  virtuous  Lady  was 
 a  Comfort  and  Support  to  the  Non-Conformift.  Minifters 
 throughout  the  Rtign  of  Charles  II.  Her  refpecls  to  the 
 Doctor  were  peculiar,  and  her  favonrs  extraordinary,  for 
 which  he  made  the  beft  returns  he  was  able.  The  Doctor 
 was  a  learned  Man.  a  folid  Divine,  a  ferious  and  affection^ 
 ate  Preacher,  of  unrpotted  Morals,  and  a  Non-Conformifl 
 upon  moderate  Principles  He  died  of  a  cancerous  humour, 
 that  put  him  to  the  m oft  acute  pain,  which  he  bore  with  in- 
 vincible patience  and  refignation  till  the  27  th  of  March,  1687. 
 when  he  died  in  the  Coqntefs  of  Exeter's  Houfe,  in  the 
 fixty-fixth  year  of  his  age.  Mr. 
 
Chap.  XII.         of  the  P  u  r  i  t  a  n  s.  471 
 
 Mr.  John  Collins  was  educated  in  Cambridge  New  Eng- 
 land, but  returning  from  thence  in  the  times  of  the  Civi 
 War,  became  a  celebrated  Preacher   in  London,  having  a 
 fweet  Voice,  and  a  moll  affectionate  manner  in  the  Pulpit.  of  Mr- 
 He  was  Chaplain  to  General  Monk  when  he  marched  out  of   °" Ins" 
 Scotland  into  England,  but  was  not  an  Incumbent  any  where 
 when  the  Act  of  Uniformity  took  place.     Being  of  the  In- 
 dependant  Denomination  he  fucceeded  Mr.  Mallory  as  Paf- 
 tor  of  a  very  confiderable  Congregation  of  that  Perfuafion, 
 and  was  one  of  the  Merchants   Lecturers  at  Pinners  Hall. 
 He  was  a  Man  mighty  in  the  Scriptures ;  of  an  exxellent  natu- 
 ral temper  ;  very  charitable  to  all  good  Men  without  regard. 
 to  parties  ;  and  died  univerfally  lamented,  Dec.  3,  1687. 
 
 CHAP.     XII. 
 
 From  King  James's  Declaration  of  Liberty  of  Confcience, 
 to  the  Act  of  Toleration  in  the  Reign  of  King  William 
 and  Queen  Mary. 
 
 TH  O'  the  projects  of  the  Roman  Catholicks  were  ripe       King 
 for  execution  there  was  one  circumftance  which  fpread   J  ,r"eJi,11, 
 a  black  Cloud  over  all  their  attempts,  which  was  the  near  ,    __ 
 profpect  of  a  Proteftant  Succeffor  to  the  Crown  :  This  was 
 the  Life  of  the  Proteftant  Caufe,  and  the  terror  of  the  Pa- 
 pifts.  To  remove  this  difficulty  his  Majefty  firft.  attempted  to 
 convert  his  eldeft  Daughter  Mary,  Princefs  of  Orange,   to 
 the  Roman  Catholick  Religion,  or  at  leait  to  confent  to  the 
 making  way  for  it,  by  taking  off  the  Penal  Laws.  To  accom- 
 plifh  this,  his  Majefty  writ  an  obliging  Letter  to  his  Daugh-  King  af- 
 
 ter, reciting  the  motives  of  his  own  converfion  ;  which  were  tempts  to 
 
 convert  the 
 Princefs  of 
 
 the  *}  great  Devotion  of  the  Church  of  Rome  ;  the  adorn-  c< 
 
 "  ing  their  Churches ;    their  acts  of  Charity,  which  were-or.-.n^  to 
 "  greater  than  the  Proteflants  could  boafr.  of ;  the  numbers  Popery. 
 "  who  retired  from  the  World,  and  devoted  themfelves  to  Burn<:t' 
 "  a  religious  Life.     He  was  convinced  that  Chrifl  had  left  ?2i. 
 "  an    Infallibility  in  the   Church,  which  the  Aportles  ac- 
 "  knowledged  to  be  in  St.  Peter,  Acts  xv.     It  was  the  Au- 
 "  thority  of  the  Church  (fays  he)  that  declared  the  Scrip- 
 "  tures  to  be  Canonical  ;  and  certainly,  they  who  declared 
 "  them  could  only  interpret  them,  and  where  ever  this  In- 
 "  fallibility  was,  there  mud  be  a  clear  Succeflion,  which 
 G  g  4  "  could 
 
The  Prin- 
 
 r«. 
 
 cels's  Re- 
 
 l% 
 
 ply.    ' 
 
 a 
 
 a 
 
 €<■ 
 
 41z  The  HISTORY  Vol.  IV. 
 
 u  could  be  no  where  but  in  the  Church  of  Rome,  the  Church 
 "  of  England  not  pretending  to  Infallibility,  tho'  the  acted  as 
 "  if  fhe  did,  by  perfecuting  thofe  who  differed  from  her,  as 
 "  well  Protectant  Diffenters  as  Papifts  ;  but  he  could  fee  no 
 fi  reafon  why  Diffenters  might  not  feparate  from  the  Church 
 "  of  England,  as  well  as  the  Church  of  England  had  done 
 "  from  that  of  Rome — " 
 
 The  Princefs  anfwered  the  King's  Letter  with  great  re- 
 fpefr  ;  "  ihe  affirmed  the  Right  of  private  Judgment,  ac- 
 cording to  the  Apoftle's  Rule,  of  proving  all  things,  and 
 holding  fa'ft  that  which  is  good.  She  faw  clearly  from 
 the  Scriptures,  that  fhe  muft  not  believe  by  the  Faith  of 
 "  another,  but  according  as  things  appeared  to  herfelf. 
 "  Sheconfeffed,  if  there  was  an  Infallibility  in  the  Church, 
 "  all  other  Controverfies  muff  fall  before  it,  but  that  it  was 
 (i  not  yet  agreed  where  it  was  lodged,  whether  in  a  Pope 
 <c  or  a  general  Council,  or  both  ;  and  fhe  deftred  to  know 
 u  in  whom  the  Infallibility  refted  when  there  were  two  or 
 "  three  Popes  at  a  time,  acting  one.  againft  another;  for 
 "  certainly  the  Succefllon  muft  then  be  difordered.  She 
 tc  maintained  the  lawfulncfs  and  neceflity  of  reading  the 
 "  Holy  Scriptures  ;  for  though  Faith  was  above  reafon,  it 
 <f  propofed  nothing  contradictory  to  it.  St.  Paul  ordered  his 
 "  Epiftles  to  be  read  in  all  the  Churches  ;  and  he  fays  in 
 "  one  place,  I  write  as  to  wife  Men,  Judge  ye  what  I  fay; 
 "  and  if  they  might  judge  an  Apoftle,  much  more  any  other 
 *k  Teacher.  She  excufed  the  Church  of  England's  perfe- 
 "  curing  the  Diffenters  in  the  beft  manner  fhe  could;  and 
 *'  laid  the  Reformers  had  brought  things  to  as  great  per- 
 "  feci  ion  as  thofe  corrupt  ages  were  capable  of  ;  and  fhe 
 "  did  not  fee  how  the  Church  was  to  blame,  becaufe  the 
 *'  Laws  were  made  by  the  State,  and  for  civil  Crimes,  and 
 u  that  the  Grounds  of  the  Diffenters  leaving  the  Church 
 "  were  different  from  thofe  for  which  they  had  feparated 
 
 "  from  the  Church  of  Rome "    It  was  impofiible  for 
 
 the  Princefs  to  clear  up  this  objection.  But  Bifhop  Bur- 
 p.  7*5-  net  adds  very  juftly,  that  the  feverities  of  the  Church  a- 
 gainft  the  Diffenters  were  urged  with  a  very  ill  Grace, 
 "  by  one  of  the  Church  of  Rome,"  that  has  delighted  her 
 felf  fo  often  by  being  as  it  were  bathed  with  the  Blood  of 
 thofe  they  call  Hereticks.  Upon  the  whole,  it  appeared, 
 that  her  Highnefs  was  iminoveably^  fixed  in  her  Religi- 
 on, and  that  there  was  not  the  leaft  profpetl  of  her  depart- 
 ing from  it. 
 
 At 
 
Chap.  XII.       of  the  Puritans.  473 
 
 At  the  fame  time  his  Majefty  attempted   the  Prince  of    ,^fn 
 Orange,  for  which   purpcfe  he  employed  one    Mr.  James    J  ™g8> ' 
 Steward,  a    Lawyer  of  Scotland,  who    writ    feveral  letters  ^-^-v— —J 
 upon  this  argument  to  penfionary  Fagel,  in  whom  the  Prince  He  at- 
 placed  an  entire  confidence.     The  Penfionary  negle&ed  his  p^cl. 
 letters  for  fome  time,  but  at  length  it  being  induftrioufly  re-  Burnet, 
 ported,  that  the  filence  of  the  Prince  was  a  tacit  confent,  the  P-  73  «• 
 Penfionary  laid  all  his  letters  before  his   Highnefs,  who  com-  732' 
 miffioned  the  Penfionajy  to  draw  up  fuch  a  letter  as  might 
 difcover  his  true  intentions  and  fenfe  of  matters. 
 
 The  letter  was  dated  from  the  Hague,  Nov.  4.  1687.  ana*  HisHigJi- 
 begins  with  afiurances  of  the  Prince  and  Princef>'s  duty  to  nelss  Re* 
 the  King  ;  and  fince  Mr.  Steward  had  given  him  to  under-  j-/n  '  en" 
 ftand,  that  his  letters  were  written  with  the  King's  know-  Fagel. 
 ledge  and  allowance,  the  Penfionary  aflures  him  in  the  name  ^el-  . 
 of  their  Highnefc's,  that  it  was  theiropinion,  that  "  no  Chri-  2l8'#  s' 
 "  ftian  ought  to  be  perfecuted  for  his  Confcience,  or  be  ill 
 "  ufed  becaufe  he  differs  from  the  eftablifhed  Religion  ;  " 
 tl  and  therefore  they  agreed  that  the  Papifts  in  Scotland  and 
 "  Ireland  (hould  have  the  free  exercife  of  their  Religion  in 
 "  private  as  they  had  in  Holland  ;  and  as  to  Proteftant  Dif- 
 "  fenters,  they  heartily  approved  of  their  having  an  entire 
 "  liberty  of  their  Religion  without  any  trouble  or  hindrance; 
 "  and  their  Highnefles  were  ready  to  concur  to  the  fettling 
 "  it,  and  giving  their  guarantee  to  protect  and  defend  it.  If 
 "  his  Majefty  defired  their  concurrence  in  repealing  the  pe- 
 "  nal  Laws,  they  were  ready  to  give  it,  provided  the  Laws 
 "  by  which  Roman  Catholicks  were  excluded  from  fetting 
 "  in  both  Houfes  of  Parliament,  and  from  all  employments 
 "  ecclefiaftical,  civil  and  military  remained  in  force  ;  and 
 "  likewife  thofe  other  Laws  which  fecure  the  Proteftant  Re- 
 <c  ligion  againft  all  attempts  of  the  Roman  Catholicks  ;  but 
 f<  they  could  not  confent  to  the  repeal  of  thofe  Laws  which 
 tet  tended  only  to  fecure  the  Proteftant  Religion,  fuch  as  the 
 "  Tefts,  becaufe  they  imported  no  more  than  a  deprivation 
 "  from  publick  employments,  which  could  do  them  no  great 
 "  harm.  If  the  number  of  the  Papifts  was  inconfiderable, 
 *'  it  was  not  reafonable,  to  infift  upon  it ;  and  if  thofe  few 
 il  that  pretended  to  publick  employments  would  do  their 
 <c  party  ;o  much  injury  as  not  to  be  content  with  the  Repeal 
 "  of  the  penal  Laws,  unlefs  they  could  get  into  offices  of 
 
 "  truft,  their  ambition  only  was  to  be  blamed "     This  Bumet. 
 
 letter  was  carried  by  Mr.  Steward  to  the  King,  and  read  in  P*  733- 
 the  Cabinet  Council,  but  it  had  no  effecT:,  only  the  King 
 
 ordered 
 
474 
 
 King 
 
 James   II, 
 
 1688. 
 
 The  Queen 
 declared  to 
 be  »»ith 
 Child. 
 
 Gazette, 
 No.  2309, 
 3316. 
 
 A  Puh'ick 
 Form  of 
 Prayer  for 
 her  Majelly, 
 Calamv, 
 p.  382. 
 
 The    HISTORY         Vol.  IV.  . 
 
 ordered  Mr.  Steward  to  write  back,  that  he  would  have  all 
 or  nothing.  However,  the  Church  Party  were  fatisfied  with 
 the  Prince's  refolution  to  maintain  the  TeuY;  the  proteftanj; 
 Diflenters  were  pleafed  with  their  Highneffes  deciarati  ,  1  for 
 the  Repeal  of  the  penal  Laws  fo  far  as  concerned  themfeives, 
 and  they  placed  an  entire  confidence  in  their  word.  The 
 Lay  Papifts  and  Seculars  preffed  the  King  to  accept  of  the 
 Repe.d  of  fo  much  of  the  penal  Liws  as  was- ofFe red,  .md 
 blamed  the  ambition  of  the  Jefuits  and  Courtiers  about  the 
 King,  who  would  leave  them  expofed  to  the  feverity  of  the 
 Law,  when  a  freedom  was  offe;ed;  but  his  Majefty  being 
 governed  by  the  furious  Ecclefia'iltcs  would  abste  nothing. 
 At  length  the  Penfionarv's  letter  was  printed  by  allowance 
 of  the  Prince,  and  fent  all  over  England,  which  provoked 
 the  King  to  that  degree,  that  he  fpoke  indecently  of  his  High- 
 nefs  to  all  the  foreign  Minifters,  and  refolved  to  put  the  fe- 
 vereft  marks  of  his  difpleafure  upon  him. 
 
 The  firft  Project  of  gaining  over  the  Prince  having  failed, 
 his  Majefty  went  upon  another,  which,  if  it  obtained,  muft 
 effectually  fet  afide  the  Proteftant  SuccefGon ;  and  that 
 was,  providing  the  Nation  with  an  Heir  of  his  own  body  by 
 the  prefent  Queen,  though  for  many  years  (lie  had  been 
 reckoned  incapable  of  having  Children.  This  was  firft 
 whifper'd  among  the  Courtiers,  but  was  foon  after  confirmed 
 by  Proclamation  in  the  Gazette  of  Jan.  2d.  and  26th. 
 1687-8.  in  words  to  this  effecl:,  "  That  it  had  pleafed  Al- 
 "  mighty  God  to  give  his  Majefty  apparent  hopes,  and  good 
 "  aflurance  of  having  IfTue  by  bis  Royal  Confort  the  Queen, 
 "  who,  through  God's  great  goodnefs,  was  now  with 
 '■'•  Child;"  wherefore  his  Majefty  appoints,  that  on  the  15th 
 of  January  in  the  Cities  of  London  and  Weftminfter  j  and 
 on  the  29th  in  all  other  places  in  England  ;  and  on  the  29th 
 of  January  and  >gth  of  February  in  all  places  in  Scotland, 
 publick  Thankfgiving  and  folemn  Prayer  be  offered  up  to  God 
 on  this  occafion,  and  a  form  of  Prayer  was  drawn  up  accord- 
 ingly by  the  Bifhops  of  Durham,  Rocheiler,  and  Peter- 
 borough ;  in  which  were  thefe  expreffions,  "  BleiTed  be 
 "  that  good  Providence  that  has  vouchfafed  us  frefh  hopes 
 "  of  Royal  IfTue  by  our  gracious  Queen  Mary ;  ftrengthen  her, 
 "  we  befeech  thee,  and  perfect  what  thou  haft  begun.  Com- 
 "  mand  thy  holy  Angels  to  watch  over  her  continually,  and 
 "  defend  her  from  all  dangers  and  e^il  accidents,  that  what  fhe 
 "  hath  conceived  may  be  happily  brought  forth,  to  the  joy  of 
 "  our  Sovereign  Lord  the  King,  the  further  Eftablifhment  of 
 "  his  Crown,  the  happinefs  and  welfare  of  the  whole  King- 
 s' dom, 
 
Chap.  XII.        of  the  Puritans.  475 
 
 **  dom,  and  the  glory  or  thy  great  name,  &c."     This  ftruck      King 
 all  tne  Proteftant  part  of  the  Nation  with  confirmation,  ex-    ^a^8ir* 
 cepc  a  few  ranting  Tores,  w  hofe  Religion  was  at  the  fervice  ^_  _    '  j 
 of  the  King,  whenfoever  he  ftiould  call  for  it.     The  Con- 
 ception was  looked  upon  by  the  Jefuits  as  miraculous,  and 
 as  the  effect:  of  a  vow  the  Queen  had  made  to   the  Lady  of 
 Lorreto:  They  prophefied  it  would  certainly  be  a  Prince ; 
 but  the  Prcteftants  fighed  in  fecret,  and  fufpected  a  fraud  ; 
 the  grounds  of   which  the  hiftorians  of  thefe  times  have  re- 
 lated at  large. 
 
 The  King,  embolden'd  with  the  profpedt  of  a  Popifh  Suc- 
 ceflbr.  inftead  of  venturing  firft  upon  a  Parliament,  publifhed 
 another  declaration  for  liberty  of  Confcience,  April  27.  in 
 higher  (trains,  and  more  advantageous  to  the  Papifts  than  the 
 former  ;  the  fubftance  of  it  was  as  follows  } 
 
 James  Rex. 
 cc  /^\  U  R  conduct  has  been  fuch  in  all  times  as  ought  to  Afecond 
 "  V_/  have  perfuadeci  the  World,  that  we  are  firm  and  Declaration 
 "  conffant  to  our  refolutions  ;  yet  that  eafy  people  may  not for  Liberty 
 «'  be  abufed  by  the  malice  of  crafty  wicked  men,  we  think  °nce°n 
 "  fit  to  declare,  that  our  intentions  are  not  changed  fince  the  Gazette, 
 "  4th  of  April,  1687,  when  we   ifTued  our  Declaration  forNo,a342« 
 "  liberty  of  Confcience  in  the  following  terms"     [Here  the 
 Declaration  is  recited  at  large,  and  then  it  follows]  *'  Ever 
 "  fince  we  granted  the  indulgence  we  have  made  it  our  care 
 *c  to  fee  it  preferved  without  diftindtion,  as  we  are  encourag- 
 "  ed  to  do  daily  by  multitudes  of  Addrefles,  and  many  other 
 "  alTuranges  we  receive  from  our  Subjects  of  all  perfuafions, 
 "  as  tefcimonies   of  their  fatisfadtion  and   duty  ;  the  effects 
 "   of  which  we  doubt  not  but  the  next  Parliament  will  fhew, 
 u  and  that  it  will  not  be  in  vain  that  we  have  refolved  to  ufe 
 t;  our  utmoft  endeavours  to  eftablifh  liberty  of  confcience  on 
 **  fuch  juft  and   equal  foundations  as  will  render  it  unaltera- 
 ic  ble,  and  fecure  to  all  people  the  free  exercife  of  their  Reli- 
 '*  gion  for  ever,  by  which  future  ages  may  reap  the  benefit 
 "  of  what  is  fo  undoubtedly   for   the  general  good  of  the 
 '*  whole  Kingdom.     It  is  fuch  a  fecurity  we  defire  without 
 "  the  burthen  and  conftraint  of  Oaths  and  Tefts,  which  have 
 "  unhappilv  been  made  by  fome  Governments  but  could  ne- 
 u  ver  fupport  any.     Nor  could  men  be  advanced  by  fuch 
 **  mtans  to   Offices  and   Employments  which  ought  to  be 
 **   the  reward  of  fervices,  fidelity  and  merit.     We  muftcon- 
 "  elude,  that  not  only  good  Chriftians  will  join  in  this,  but 
 u  whoever  is  concerned  for  the  Wealth  and  power  of  the 
 
 u  Nation. 
 
The;  HISTORY         Vol  IV. 
 
 "  Nation-     It    would,    perhaps,   prejudice,  fome    of    our 
 l<  neighbours,  who  might  lofe  part  of  thofe  vaft  advantages 
 "  they  now  enjoy,  if  liberty  of  Confcience  were  fettled  in 
 tc  thefe  Kingdoms,  which  are,  above  all  others  moft:  capable 
 "  of  improvements,  and   of  commanding  the  trade  of  the 
 «fr  World.     In  purfuance  of  this  great  work  we  have  been 
 "  forced  to  make  many  changes  both  of  civil  and  military  Of- 
 "  fleers  throughout  our  Dominions,  not  thinking  any  ought 
 *'  to  be  employed  in  our  fervice  who  will  not  contribute  to- 
 "  wards  the  efrabliihing  the  peace  and  greatnefs    of  their 
 "  Country,  which  we  moft  earneftly  defire,  as  unbiafTed  men 
 "  may  fee  by  the  whole  conduct  of  our  Government,  and 
 "  by  the  condition  of  our  Fleet  and  of  our  Armies*  which 
 "  with  good  management  mall  conftantly  be  the  fame  and 
 "  greater,  if  the/afetyor  honour  of  the  Nation  require  it, 
 <k  We  recommend  thefe  confidcrations  to  all  our  Subjects, 
 "  and  that  they  will  reflect  on  their  eafe  and  happinefs,  now 
 "  that  above  three  years  it  has  pleafed  God  to  permit  us  to 
 "  reign  over  thefe  Kingdoms,  we  have  not  appeared  to  be 
 "  that    Prince  our  enemies  would  make  the  World  afraid 
 *f  of;  our  chief  aim  having  been  not  to  be  the  Qppreilbr, 
 "  but  Father  of  our  People,  of  which  we  can  give  no  bet- 
 ie  ter  evidence  than  by  conjuring  them  to  lay  afide  private 
 f*  animofities,  as  well  as  groundlefs  jealoufies,  and  to  choofe 
 "  fuch  Members  of  Parliament  as   may  do  their  parts   to 
 "  fiuiih  what  we  have  begun,  for  the  advantage  of  the  Mo- 
 "  narchy  over  which  Almighty  God  has  placed  us,  being  re- 
 "  folved  to  call  a  Parliament  that  mail  meet  in  November 
 "  next  at  farther!." 
 
 Appointed         This  Declaration  was  published  in  the  ufual  manner,  and 
 to  be  read     ordered  to  be.  read  in  time  of  divine  Service  in  all  Churches 
 Churches.     anu"  Chapels  in  and  about  London,  May  20th  and  27th  ;  and 
 Gazette,       in  all  the  reft  of  England  and  Wales  on  the  3d  and   10th  of 
 No.  2344.    June  following,  upon  penalty  of  being  profecuted  in  the  ec- 
 clefiafiical  Commifiion.     For  this  purpofe  the  Bifhops  were 
 required  to  caufe  it  to  be  diflributed  throughout  their  refpec- 
 tive  dioceles  j  fome  of  them  (fays  Burnet)  carried  their  com- 
 pliance to  a   fhameful  pitch,  offering  up   their  Allegiance  to 
 the  King  without  limitation  or  referve.     Dr.  Crew,  Bifhop   of 
 With  whicH  Durham,  Barlow  of  Lincoln,  Cartwright  of  Chefter,  Wood 
 fome  of  the    of  Litchfield  and  Coventry,  Walters  of  St.  David's,  Sprat  of 
 B.niops         Rochefter,  and  Parker   of  Oxford,  went  all  the  lengths  of 
 ■  the  Court,  and  fet  forward  AddrefTes  of  thanks  to  his  Majefty 
 
 in  the  moil  exalted  language,  for  the  promife  he  had  made  in 
 
 his 
 
Chap.  XII.       of  the  Puritans. 
 
 his  late  Declaration,  to  maintain  the  Church  of  England  as 
 by  Law  eftablihhed  ;  tho'  it  was  evident  enough  he  defigned 
 to  fubvert  it.  An  Addrefs  came  from  the  Clergy  of  Chefter, 
 juftifying  the  Declaration,  as  ifluing  from  the  prerogative  of  Gazette, 
 the  King's  Supremacy,  and  infilling,  that  the  Clergy  were  No*  2374- 
 obliged  by  what  is  called  Statute  Law,  the  Ruhrick  of  their 
 Liberty,  to  publifh  what  was  required  by  the  King,  or  their 
 Bifhop,  and  therefore  they  were  troubled  to  hear  of  the  dif- 
 obedience  of  fome  of  that  Bench,  who  tho'  they  tenderly 
 promifed  the  Difienters  fomething,  yet  refufed  to  do  their 
 part  about  the  Declaration,  left  they  mould  be  parties  to  it  } 
 which  reafon  we  with  due  modefty  efteem  inefficient. 
 Herbert  Bifhop  of  Plereford  rublifhed  his  reafons  for  reding 
 the  Declaration,  from  that  pafTage  of  Scripture,  "  Submit 
 "  yourfelves  to  every  ordinance  of  man  for  the  Lord's  fake, 
 
 "  whether  it  be  to  the  King  as  Supream,  See. Now  the 
 
 "  King  commanding  it  to  be  read  without  requiring  our  Af- 
 "  fent,  Confent  or  Allowance,  I  can't  fee  (fays  the  Bifhop) 
 
 "  how  it  can  be  refiifed if  it  be  faid'this  is  to  admit  of  a 
 
 "  difpenfing  power,  yet  it  is  not  contrary  to  the  word  of 
 "  God.  If  the  King  fnould  aver  his  difpenfing  power  to  be 
 <(  inherent  in  the  Crown,  and  will  ufe  it  as  he  pleafes,  I 
 "  fhould  befeech  ;him  not  to  exert  it  in  fo  high  a  manner; 
 "  but  after  this,  what  have  Bifhops  to  do  but  fubmit,  fince 
 "  fince  here  is  no  Doctrine  affirmed,  but  only  a  declaration 
 "  of  matter  of  fadl." 
 
 But  the   majority  of  the   Clergy  were  of  different  fenti-  Different 
 ments  ;  eighteen  Bifhops,  and  the  chief  of  their  Clergy,  re-  Behayionr 
 fufed  to   publifh  the  Declaration,  fo  that  it  was  read  (fays  vveiw.    ' 
 Burnet)  but  in  feven  Churches  in    London  ;  and   in   about  Memoirs, 
 two  hundred  all  over  England.     The  Commiflloners  for  ec-  P"  2°9' 
 clcfiaftical  Affairs  fent  out  citations  by  the  King's  Order,  re    No.  23^4. 
 qu  ring  the  Chancellors  and  Archdeacons  to  fend  in  Lifts  of 
 all  who  had  obeyed,  and  of  thofe  who  had  not  obeyed  the 
 order  of  Council  ;  together  with  the  places  where  it  had  been 
 neglected.     But  mofr  of  the  Bifhops    difobcyed,  and    gene- 
 roufly  undertook  to  ftar.d  in  the  gap,  and  fcreen   the  inferior 
 Clergy  from    profecution  :  Seven  of  them  met  at  Lambeth, 
 and  after  Confultation  figned  an  Addrefs   in  behalf  of  them  • 
 felves,  and   feveral  of  their  abfent    Brethren,  fetting   forth, 
 *v  that  they  were  not  averfe  to  the  Publifhing  his  Ivlajtfty's  Their 
 *'  Declaration   for  want  of   Duty  ,to  his  Majefty,   or   due  Addrefs. 
 *'  tendernefs  towards  Diffenters,  in  relation  to  whom  (fav  p1^"^' 
 **  they)  we  are  willing  to  come  to  fuch  a  temper  as  mail  7-3? 
 *'  be  thought  fit,  when  the  matter  comes  to  be  Confidered 
 
 "  and 
 
478 
 
 King 
 
 James  II. 
 
 1688. 
 
 TheHISTORY 
 
 Vol.  IV. 
 
 King'sl 
 Anfwer. 
 
 Remark. 
 
 Seven  of 
 them  fem 
 to  the 
 Tower. 
 
 But  ac- 
 quitted. 
 
 "  and  fettled  in  Parliament;  but  the  Declaration  being 
 "  founded  on  fuch  a  difpenfing  power  as  may  at  prefent  let 
 "  afide  all  Laws  ecclefiaftical  and  civil,  appears  to  us  illegal, 
 "  and  did  fo  to  the  Parliament  in  the  year  1672.  and  it  is  a 
 "  point  of  fuch  great  confequence,  that  we  cannot  make  our 
 '*  felves  parties  to  it,  fo  far  as  the  reading  of  it  in  the 
 "  Church  in  time  of  divine  fervice  will  amount  to,  and  dif- 
 *'  tributing  it  all  over  the  Kingdom."  Signed  by  Sancroft 
 Archbifhop  of  Canterbury,  Lloyde  Bifhop  of  St.  Afaph, 
 Kenn  of  Bath  and  Wells,  Turner  of  Ely,  Lake  of  Chichefter, 
 White  of  Peterborough,  and  Trelawny  of  Briftol. 
 
 The  King  was  ftartled  at  the  Addrefs,  and  anfwered  in  a 
 very  angry  tone;  "  I  have  heard  of  this  before,  but  did  not 
 "  believe  it ;  I  did  not  expect  this  from  the  Church  of  Eng- 
 "  land,  efpecially  from  fome  of  you  ;  if  I  change  my  mind 
 «'  you  (hall  hear  from  me,  if  not,  I  expect  my  Commands 
 "  {hall  be  obeyed."  And  added,  that  they  fhould  be  made 
 to  feel  what  it  was  to  difobey  him.  The  fix  Biihops  who 
 brought  the  Addrefs  replied,  The  Will  of  God  be  done. 
 
 But  the  reader  will  judge,  whether  the  flavifh  Doctrine  of 
 Non-Refiftance  and  unlimited  obedience  which  the  High 
 Church  Party  had  been  preaching  up  for  above  twenty  years, 
 as  the  Doctrine  of  the  Church  of  England,  had  not  brought 
 the  King  into  thefe  difficulties  which  loft  him  his  Crown  ?  A 
 Do£trine  deftructive  of  the  Laws  of  Society,  and  which  has 
 done  more  mifchief  to  crowned  Heads  than  it  will  ever  do 
 fervice.  If  the  King  had  not  relied  on  the  flattering  Addref- 
 fes  of  thefe  men,  under  which  it  feems  there  was  a  Referve, 
 he  would  have  ftopt  (hort,  and  took  other  meafures  ;  but  he 
 did  not  perceive  the  Mine  till  it  was  fprung,  and  blew  up  his 
 whole  Government  at  once.  This  was  the  Crifis  upon 
 which  the  fate  of  the  Nation  was  to  depend. 
 
 While  the  King  was  confulting  what  to  do  with  the  Bifhops 
 he  was  for  fume  time  in  great  perplexity ;  feveral  of  the  Po- 
 pi(h  Nobility  preffed  him  to  retreat,  and  let  the  matter  fall ; 
 but  at  length,  by  advice  of  Father  Perre,  Mr.  Lob,  and  fome 
 others,  he  ordered  the  Biihops  to  be  profecuted  ;  and  they 
 refufing  to  enter  into  Bonds  for  their  appearance  at  the  King's 
 Bench  on  account  of  their  Peerage,  were  fent  to  the  Tower 
 by  water,  June  8.  but  were difcharged  within  a  week,  upon  en- 
 tering into  bonds  for  (mall  Sums,  to  anfwer  to  the  information 
 that  dav  fortnight.  On  the  29th  of  June  they  were  brought 
 to  the  King's  Bench  Bar  in  Weftminfter  Hail,  attended  by 
 feveral  of  the  nobility,  and  a  vaft  croud  of  common  peope; 
 and  after  a  long  trial  of  ten  hours  they  were  acquitted  :  Upon 
 
 which 
 
Chap.  XII.      of  the  Puritans.  479 
 
 which  there  was  a  general  joy,  and  fuch  loud  (houts,  as  were      King 
 heard  not  only  in  the  City,  but  even  in  the  Army  on  Black-  ^a™ggSir* 
 hesKh.  jyY\J 
 
 The  Bifhops  Addrefs  was  printed  by  authority,  with  a  fa- 
 tyrical  Paraphrafe,  fet  ing  forth,  that  tho'  the  Bifhops  had, 
 without  any  bowels  of  tendernefs,  exercifed  mar.y  inhuman 
 Cruelties  upon  the  DifTenters,  they  promile  now  to  come  to  a 
 tcn'p;r,  but  it  is  only  luch  an  one  as  t^ey  themfclves  (hould 
 f(  ttle  in  Convocation  ;  and  tho'  they  had  all  along  vigoroufly 
 endeavoured  to  advance  above  all  Law  that  arbitrary  Power 
 upon  which  they  fuppofe  his  Majrfty's  Declaration  was  found- 
 ed, when  it  could  be  drained  to  the  oppreiHon  of  DifTer.ters, 
 yet  now  they  oppufe  it,  and  are  defirous  in  this  juncture  (as 
 in  the  year  i6j2.)  that  the  Laws  for  perfecution  mould  re- 
 tain their  force,  and  the  difpenfmg  power  not  to  be  counte- 
 nanced, tho'  defigned  for  a  general  good. 
 
 But  this  was  t>o  late,  the  controverfv  between  the  King  Th      ourt 
 and  the  Church  was  not  now  to  6e  decided  by  the  Pen  ;  and  the  Diftea- 
 it  was  apparent  beyond  contradiction,  that  the  hearts  of  the  ters* 
 people  were  turned   again  ft  the  Court;  even  the  DifTenters 
 (fays   Eaciiard)   (hewed   an   unufual    readinefs    to    join    the 
 Chu;ch  againii  their  common  enemy  ;  and  whatever  might 
 he  in  the  hearts  of  fome,  the  Church  Party  continued  to  dis- 
 cover an  equal  willingnefs  to   coalefce  with   the  DifTenters. 
 When  Dr.  Lloyd,  Biihop  of  St.  Afaph,  pa  fled  thro'  Ofweftry 
 in  Shroplhire,  he  lent  for  Mr.  James  Owen  the  difl'enting 
 M miller,  and  ventur'd  to  acquaint  him  with  the  fecret,  of  the 
 Prince  of  Orange's  invitation  by  fome  great  perfons,  together 
 with   himfelf ;  arid  added,   "  He  hoped  the    Proteftant  Dif-  „  , 
 
 „„'-  ,,  .  ■  ,  •  n     Cal.  cont. 
 
 **   tenters  would  concur  m  promoting  the  cemmon  intereft,  ;n pref. 
 *'  for  you  and  we  arc  brethren    (favs  he)  ;    we  have  indeed 
 u  been  angry  brethren,  but  we  have  ktn  our  folly,  and  are 
 '*  rHblved,  if  we  ever  have  it  in  our  power,  to  fnew  that  we 
 *'   will  treat  vou  as  brethren." 
 
 Even  Arcnbiihop  Sancroft,  in  the  circular  letter  which  he  Archbp. 
 fent  to  *he  Clei<rv  of  his  province,  exhorted  them  to  cultivate  \2n"'0't  s 
 
 .  .  circular 
 
 a  good  correfpondence  with   the    DifTenters.     The  eleventh  Lett-r 
 Article  of  his  Let-tor,  dated  Jul-/  16.  has  thefe  words,   u  That  Caiamj'j 
 *i  they  (viz. the  Clergy)  flvuld  walk  in  wifuom  tow, ids  them  Ab"dfr 
 44  who   are  not  of  our  Communion;     a^d    if  there    be    in      ° 
 •'  their   parifhes  any  fuch,    that  thev  neglect  not  frequently 
 *'  to  converfe  with  them   in  the  Spirit  of  mecknefs,  feeking 
 "  by  all  good  ways  and  means  to  gain  and   win  them  over 
 li  to   our  Communion  ;  more  efpecially  that  they    have  a 
 •<  tender  regard  toour  brethren  the  Proteftant  DifTenters;  that 
 
 M  upon 
 
4$o 
 
 King 
 
 James  1 1. 
 
 1688. 
 
 Other  Af- 
 furances. 
 Burnet,  p. 
 716. 
 
 Calamy,  p. 
 386. 
 
 Apol.  for 
 Church  of 
 England, 
 Calamy, 
 426. 
 
 The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y         Vol.  IV. 
 
 "  upon  occafion  offered  they  vifit  them  at  their  Houfes, 
 "  and  receive  them  kindly  at  their  own,  and  treat  them 
 tc  fairly  where-ever  they  meet  them,  perfuading  them  (if 
 "  it  may  be)  to  a  full  compliance  with  our  Church  ;  or  at 
 "  lead,  that  whereunto  we  have  already  attained,  we  may 
 "  walk  by  the  fame  Rule,  and  mind  the  fame  things  ;  and 
 "  in  order  thereunto,  that  they  take  opportunities  of  affu- 
 "  ring  and  convincing  them,  that  the  Bifhops  of  this 
 "  Church,  are  really  and  fincerely  irreconcileable  Enemies 
 f*  to  the  Errors,  Superftitions,  Idolatries,  and  Tyrannies  of 
 "  the  Church  of  Rome  ;  and  that  the  very  unkind  jealou- 
 "  fies  which  fome  have  had  of  us  to  the  contrary  were  alto- 
 "  gether  groundlefs.  And  in  the  laft  place,  that  they  warm- 
 "  ly  and  affectionately  join  us  in  daily  fervent  Prayer  to  the 
 "  God  of  Peace,  for  an  univerfal  bleffed  Union  of  all  re- 
 "  formed  Churches  at   home  and  abroad,   againft:  our  com- 
 
 "  mon  Enemy." Such  was  the  language  of  the  Church 
 
 in  diflrefs ! 
 
 It  was  often  faid,  "  That  if  ever  God  mould  deliver 
 "  them  out  of  the  prefent  diftrefs  they  would  keep  up  their 
 "  domeftick  Quarrels  no  more  ;?'  which  were  fo  vifibly, 
 and  yet  artfully  managed  by  our  adverfaries,  as  to  make  us 
 devour  one  another — Again,  "  I  do  affure  you,  and  I  am 
 "  certain  I  have  the  beft  grounds  in  the  World  for  my  af- 
 "  furance  (fays  one)  that  the  Bifhops,  when  the  happy  op- 
 "  portunity  mall  offer  itfelf,  will  let  the  Proteftant  Diffen- 
 "  ters  find  that  they  will  be  better  than  their  Word  given  in 
 ■"  their  famous  Petition."  Remarkable  are  the  Words  of 
 another  Reverend  Divine  on  the  fame  occafion  ;  "  the  Bi- 
 "  fhops  have  under  their  hands  declared  their  difpofitionsto 
 "  come  to  a  temper  in   matters  of  Conformity,  and  there 
 
 *'  feems  to  be  no  doubt   of  their  Sincerity. If  ever 
 
 *'  God  brings  us  into  a  fettled  State  of  the  Storms  into 
 "  which  our  Paflions  and  Folly,  as  well  as  the  Treachery  of 
 "  others,  has  led  us,  it  cannot  be  imagined  that  the  Bifhops 
 "  will  go  off  from  thofe  moderate  Refolutions  which  they 
 "  have  now  declared  ;  and  they  continuing  firm,  the  weak 
 "  and  indifcreet  Paffions  of  any  of  the  inferior  Clergy  muft 
 
 "  needs  vanifh And  I  will  boldly  fay,  that  if  the  Church 
 
 "  of  England,  after  fhe  has  got  out  of  this  Storm,  will  re- 
 "  turn  to  hearken  kto  the  Peevifhnefs  of  fome  four  Men, 
 *'  fhe  will  be  abandoned  both  of  God  and  Man,  and  will 
 "  fet  Heaven  and  Earth  againft  her.  The  Nation  fees  too 
 **  clearly  how  dear  the  difpute  about  Conformity  has  coft  us 
 "  to  ftand   upon   fuch  Punctrlio's;  and  thole  in  whom  our 
 
 deliverance 
 
Chap,  XII.       of  the  Puritans. 
 
 **  deliverance  is  wrapt  up  judge  loo   right,   that  ever  they 
 
 "  will  be  Prieft-ridden  in  this  Point. And  if  any  argu- 
 
 '.'  ment  was  wanting  to  conclude  the  certainty  of  this  Point, 
 '*  the  wife  and  generous  behaviour  of  the  main  Body  cf 
 «'  the  Diffenters  in  this  prefent  juncture  has  given  them  fo 
 "  juft.  a  Title  to  our  Friendfhip,  that  we  mull  refolve  to  fet 
 "  all  the  World  againft.  us  if  we  can  ever  forget  it  ;  and  if 
 "  we  do  not  make  them  all  the  returns  of  Bale  and  Favour 
 l(  when  it  is  in  our  power  to  do  it." 
 
 The  Reader  has  now  feen  the  many  and  ftrong  affurances  Rem3rk5. 
 of  Favour,  given  by  the  Church  Party  in  Diftrefs,  to  the 
 Non-con formifts,  all  which,  in  a  few  Months,  vanifhed  in- 
 to Smoak.  Neverthelels  I  am  fully  of  opinion,  that  the  Calamy,  p. 
 Low  Church  Clergy  meant  honeftly,  and  defigned  to  be  as  3S4- 
 good  as  their  Word ;  for  which  purpofe  a  Scheme  was  pro- 
 pofed  to  review  and  inlarge  the  Liturgy  by  correcting  fome 
 things,  and  adding  others,  and  leaving  fome  few  Ceremonies 
 indifferent  ;  but  there  was  another  Party  that  lay  behind  the 
 Curtain,  and  meant  no  more  by  their  proteftations  of  Fa- 
 vour to  the  Diffenters,  than  to  get  themfelves  out  of  trouble  ; 
 they  had  a  Referve  under  their  flattering  Promifes,  and  as 
 they  renounced  the  Do&rine  of  Non-Refiftance  to  ferve 
 their  own  turn,  when  that  was  done  they  retreated,  and 
 would  have  become  as  cruel  Perfecutors  as  before  ;  they 
 were  Enemies  to  the  Revolution  ;  and  when  the  Prince  of 
 Orange  had  done  their  Work  they  would  have  fent  him  back 
 from  whence  he  came  ;  thefe  were  afterwards  difiinguifhed 
 by  the  names  of  Non-Jurors,  Jacobites,  and  High-Fliers* 
 whofe  numbers  were  greater  than  the  Low  Church  Clergy 
 imagined.  They  prevailed  in  Convocation,  intimidated  the 
 Friends  of  Liberty  and  Charity,  and  put  an  effectual  Stop 
 to  all  further  Attempts  for  a  Comprehenfion  of  Diffen- 
 ters. t 
 
 While  the  Bifhops  were  in  the  Tower,  and  the  Princefs  Sufpe&ed 
 Anne  at  the  Bath,   the  Queen  was  faid  to  be  delivered  of  a  f^'p" fof 
 Prince  on  Sunday  June  10,  between  the  hours  of  nine  and  Wales! 
 ten  in  the  Morning.     The   affair  was  conducted  with  great 
 imprudence  ;  no  care  had  been  taken  to  fatisfy  the  Proteftant 
 Part  of  the  Nation  that  the  Queen  was  with  Child,  tho'  it 
 was    ridiculed    in      Pamphlets  difperfed  about  Whitehall. 
 None  of  the  Proteftant  Ladies  were  admitted  to  be  with  her 
 when  (he  changed  her  Linen  ;  nor  to  fee  the  Milk  in  her 
 Breafts,  nor  to  feel  the  Child  move  within  her,  but  all  about 
 her  were   Italian   Women.     The  place  where  her  Majefty 
 was  to  lie  in,  was  not  known  a  few  days  before  it  happened  ; 
 
 Vol.  IV.  H  h  and 
 
4$t 
 
 The    HISTORY  Vol.  IV. 
 
 Kins  and  it  was  oddly  circumflanced  as  to  time,  moft  of  the 
 688  Proteftant  Ladies  being  out  of  the  Way,  and  preparing  for 
 i_  — v-^  Church  ;  the  Dutch  Artibaflador,  then  in  Town,  was  not 
 tailed  to  be  a  Witnefs,  on  behalf  of  the  Princefs  of 
 Orange,  the  prefumptive  Heir  ;  but  all  was  done  and 
 over  in  an  hour  or  two.  The  Birth  was  attended  with  great 
 Rejoicings  of  the  Popifh  Party  ;  a  day  of  publick  Thanks- 
 giving was  appointed,  on  which  occafion  a  Form  of  Thankf- 
 giving  was  drawn  up  by  the  Bifhop  of  Rochefter  ;  and  a  new 
 fet  of  Congratulations  came  up  from  all  parts  of  the  King- 
 dom. 
 
 Bifhop  Burnet,  Mr.  Eachard,  and  others,  have  examin- 
 ed into  the  Legitimacy  of  this  Birth  with  all  poffible  Exact- 
 nefs,but  have  left  the  matter  under  great  uncertainties.  Some 
 have  pronounced  it  fuppofitrous,  and  no  better  than  the  laft 
 defperate  effort  of  the  Popifh  Party  to  perpetuate  their  Re- 
 ligion. Others,  who  credited  the  Birth,  have  given  very 
 plaufible  Reafons  to  believe,  that  the  prefent  Pretender  was 
 not  the  Queen's  Child,  but  another's  clandeftinely  in- 
 troduced into  its  place.  Bifhop  Burnet  is  of  opinion, 
 that  the  Proofs  of  its  Legitimacy  were  defective.  How- 
 ever, all  the  hopes  of  a  Proteftant  Succeflbr  feemed  now  to 
 be  at  an  end,  and  the  Joys  of  the  Papiff's  to  be  confum- 
 mate  ;  the  Englifh  Reformation  was  expiring,  and  nothing 
 fhort  of  a  total  Subverfion  of  Government  in  Church  and 
 State  to  be  expected. 
 Prince  of  The  Princefs  of  Orange  being  thus  cut  off  from  the  Stic- 
 
 Orange's  ceffion,  his  Highnefs  gave  greater  attention  to  the  advices 
 Expedition,  foe  received  from  England  of  the  <c  Queen's  having  mif- 
 "  carried  fome  Months  before,"  and  that  therefore  the 
 prefent  Child  muft  be  fuppofitious.  The  Church  Party 
 having  abandoned  their  Doctrine  of  Non-Refiftance,  fled 
 with  Others  to  the  Prince  of  Orange  as  their  laft  Refuge, 
 and  prayed  him  to  come  over  to  their  Refcue ;  with  this 
 view  Admiral  RufFel,  and  feveral  other  great  Perfons,  re- 
 paired to  the  Hague  on  other  plaufible  Pretences,  but  in  re- 
 ality to  invite  the  Prince,  and  confer  with  him  about  an  Ex- 
 pedition to  England,  who  received  them  favourably,  and 
 difcovered  a  good  difpofition  to  efpoufe  their  Caufe,  confi- 
 dering  that  his  own  Right  to  the  Crown  was  now  loft,  and 
 that  if  Popery  was  eflablifhed  in  England,  Holland,  and  the 
 whole  Reformed  Intereft,  muft  be  expofed  to  the  utmoft 
 hazard.  Little  perfuafion  was  wanting  to  prevail  with  the 
 States  General  to  affift  the  Englifh  Proteflants ;  but  all  the 
 difficulty  was  to  keep  it  fecret,  while  they  were  preparing  for 
 
 fo 
 
Chap.  XII.      of  the  Ru  ritan  s.  483 
 
 fo hazardous  an  undertaking.  The  State;  made  ufe  of  the  Kir>g 
 Differences  about  the  Election  of  an  Archbifhop  of  Cologn  ■'a™eg8." 
 as  aReafon  to  form  an  Army  for  the  fecurity  of  their  own 
 Borders;  and  the  Prince,  who  had  the  Adminiftration  in 
 his  hands,  fet  himfelf  under  this  cover  to  prepare  all  Necef- 
 faries  for  his  intended  imbarkation,  while  Mr.  Zuyleftein 
 brought  him  from  time  to  time  the  ftrongeft  affurances  of 
 the  difpofition  of  the  Body  of  the  Englifh  Proteftants  to  ap- 
 pear for  him  at  his  landing,  which  fully  fixed  him  in  his 
 purpofe. 
 
 But   the  French    Ambaffador  kept  a  watchful  Eye  upon  Of  which 
 the  Motions  of  the  Prince  of  Orange,  and  gave  timely  no-  ^^"^ 
 tice  of  the  extraordinary   preparations    for  War  that  were  gence  from 
 making  in  Holland,  to  his  Matter  Lewis  XIV.  from  whom  Paris  ar.d 
 King  James  had    the  firft  Intelligence.     Mr.  Skelton,  the  J^"'; 
 King's  Envoy  at  Paris,  alfo  writ  five  or  fix  Letters  to  Court,  7$s. 
 on  the  fame   Head,   but  King  James  gave  little  heed  to  his 
 Advices,  becaufe  the  Prince  of  Orange  carried  it  in  a  mod 
 dutiful  and  refpeclful    Manner,  complimenting  his  Majefty 
 on  the  birth  of  the  Prince  of  Wales,  and  caufing  his  name 
 to  be  added  to   the  reft  of  the  Princes  of  the  Royal  Family 
 to  be  prayed  for  in  his  Chapel.     However,    the  King  of 
 France  continued  to  alarm  the   Court  of  England  with  the 
 intended  Invafion,  and  offered  to  fend  over  fifteen  thoufand 
 Men,  or  as  many  more  as  fhould  be  wanted  to  his  affiftance; 
 but  the  Earl  of  Sunderland,   who  had  lately  complimented 
 the  King  with  his  Religion,    prevailed   with  his  Majefty  not 
 to  bring  fuch  an  Army  of  French  Papifts  into  his  Dominions, 
 left  it  fhould  blacken  his  Memory,  and  confirm  the  fufpici- 
 ons  of  the  Proteftants,   that   he   defigned  the  overthrow  of 
 their  Religion  and  Liberties. 
 
 The   King  being  at  length  perfuaded  of  the  Prince  of  HisMaje- 
 Oranee's  defiens,    ordered  the  Fleet  to  be  fitted  out,  and  the    '  !•   ro" 
 Army  to  be  augmented  ;  and  difpatched  orders  to  Tyrcon-onit. 
 nel,  to  fend  over  fever al  Regiments  out  of  Ireland,  which  Gazette. 
 put  the  people  under  terrible  apprehenfions  of  another  Irifh,        23  4* 
 MafTacre^     September  21,  his  Majefty  iffued   out  his  Pro- 
 clamation for  the  meeting  of  a  new  Parliament,   "  intima- 
 u  ting  his  Royal  purpofe  to  endeavour  a  legal  Eftabliihment 
 "  of  an  univerfal  Toleration,  and  inviolably  to  preferve  the 
 "  Church  of  England  in  pofieffion  of  the  feveral  Ads  of 
 '*  Uniformity,  as   faf   as  they  were    confiftent  with  fuch  a 
 "  Toleration.     And    further  to  quiet  the  Minds  of  his  Pro- 
 "  teftant  Subjects,    he  was  content  that  the  Roman  Catho- 
 Si  licks  fhould  remain  incapable  of  being  Members  of  the 
 H  h  2  «  Houfe 
 
The    HISTORY         Vol.  IV. 
 
 "  Houfe  of  Commons,  that  fo  the  Legislature  might  con- 
 *  tinue  in  the  Hands  of  Frotefiants."      September  23,  the 
 King  was  further  affured   by  Letters  from  the  Marquis  of 
 Abbeville  at  the  Hague,  that  Penfionary  Fagel  had  owned 
 the  Defign  of  the  Prince  of  Orange    to  invade  England. 
 Gazzette.      Upon  which    the   King   turned  pale    and  fpeechlefs  for  a 
 No.  2386".     Tiitte,  and  like  a  diffracted  Man  turned  himfelf  every  way 
 Heappliei  to  for  Relief,  but   was  refolute  in    nothing.     He  put  off  the 
 bul  Bifhops'  Meeting  of  the  Parliament  for  the  prefent,  and  by  Advice 
 "  of  his  Council  applied  to  the  Bifhops  then  in  Town  for  Ad- 
 vice what  was  neceffary   to   be  done  to  make  the  Church 
 eafy.     "  The  Bifhops  moved  him  to  annul  the  Ecclefiafti- 
 "  cal  Commiffion,  and  the  Difpenfing  Power  ;  to  recal  all 
 u  Licenfes  and   Faculties   for  Papifts  to  keep  Schools,   to 
 **  prohibit   the    four  pretended  Vicars  Apoftolical  invading 
 "  the  Ecclefiaftical  Jurifcii6tton  ;  to  fill  the  vacant  Bifhop- 
 "  ricks  ;    to   reflore  the  Charters,  and  to  call  a  free  and 
 *'  regular    Parliament,  by  which   the  Church  of  England 
 '*  might  be  fecured,  accotding  to  the  Act  of  Uniformity  ; 
 ic  and  provifion  made  for  a  due  Liberty  of  Confcience." 
 tb.  2388,      According  to  this  Advice  the  King  and  Court  began  to  tread 
 239J-  backward,  concluding  that  if  they  could  fatisfy  the  Bifhops, 
 
 and  recover  the  Affection  of  the  Church,  all  would  do  well, 
 but  it  was  too  late.  However,  the  Bifhop  of  London's 
 Sufpenfion  was  taken  off,  the  Ecclefiaftical  Commiffion  dif- 
 folved,  the  City  Charter,  and  the  Fellows  of  Magdalen  Col- 
 lege were  reftored,  and  other  illegal  Practices  renounced, 
 all  which  was  faid  to  be  the  effect  of  the  King's  meer  Grace 
 and  Favour  ;  but  upon  News  of  the  Prince  of  Orange's 
 Fleet  being  difperfed  by  a  Storm,  and  that  they  would 
 hardly  be  able  to  put  to  Sea  again,  'till  next  Spring  ;  his 
 Majefty  put  a  (top  to  all  further  Redrefs  of  Grievances. 
 Trince  of  But  the  Prince  having  repaired  the  Damages  of  the  Storm 
 
 Orange's  put  to  Sea  a  fecond  Time,  Nov.  1,  and  after  a  remarka- 
 a^Dee™  b,e  Pafl~age>  in  whl&  the  Wind  chopt  about  almoft 
 ration.  miraculouily  in  his  Favour,  landed  at  Torbay,  Nov.  5,  with 
 
 about  fourteen  thoufand  Men,  without  meeting  the  King's 
 Fleet,  which  was  out  at  Sea,  in  order, to  intercept  them. 
 The  Prince  brought  over  with  him  a  Declaration,  dated 
 October  1  o,  divided  into  twenty  fix  Articles,  but.  reducible 
 to  three  principal  Heads  ;  1.  An  Enumeration  of  the  Grie- 
 vances of  the  Nation,  with  regard  to  Religion  and  Civil 
 Government.  2.  The  fruitlefs  Attempts  which  had  been 
 made  to  redrefs  thofe  Grievances ;  where  mention  is  made 
 of  the  fufpicious  Birth  of  the   pretended  Prince  of  Wales 
 
 3-  A 
 
Chap.  XII.        of  the  Puritans.  4S5 
 
 3.  A  Prqteftation  that  the  prefent  Expedition  was  intended      King 
 for  no  other  Purpofe  than  to  have  a  free  and  lawful  Parha-       ,6eg8 
 
 ment  ;  to  which  the  Prince  would  refer  all  the  Grievances  t|_ n —  j 
 
 complained  of  ;  for  the  obtaining  fuch  a  free  Parliament  his 
 Highnefs  declares,  he  had  been  moll  earneftly  iblicited  ta 
 come  into  England  by  a  great  many  Lords  both  Spiritual 
 and  Temporal,  and  by  many  Gentlemen,  and  other  Subjects 
 of  all  Ranks  ;  and  to  encourage  the  Proteffant  Diffenters 
 his  Highnefs  adds,  that  he  would  recommend  to  the  Parlia- 
 ment the  making  fuch  new  Laws  as  might  eftablifh  a  good 
 Agreement  between  the  Church  of  England  and  all  Protcf- 
 tant  Non-Conformifts,  and  in  the  mean  Time  would  fuffer 
 all  fuch  as  would  live  peaceably  to  enjoy  all  due  Freedom  in 
 their  Confciences-. 
 
 The    King,  who  had  relied  too   much  on  the  Clergy's  The  King's 
 Profefllons  of  unlimited  Obedience,   being  furprized  at  the  PreP*™\>or>» 
 
 Err-  1       Ti  •         »     t-\      1  •  ,11  .'     -.      ,  to  relilthim. 
 
 xprellion  m  the  Prince  s  Declaration,   that  he  was  invited  Burnet)  p. 
 
 over  by  the  Lords  Spiritual,  fent  for  the  Bifhop.s  then  in  ?84' 
 Town,  and  infilled  not  only  upon  their  difowning  the  Fact, 
 but  upon  their  figning  a  Paper,  expreffing  their  Abhorrence 
 of  the  intended  Invafion  ;  but  they  drew  back,  and  excufed 
 themfelves  only  with  a  general  ProfefTion  of  their  Allegiance 
 and  Duty.  "  The  Church  Party  (fays  Burnet)  now  fhewed 
 "  their  Approbation  of  the  Prince's  Expedition  in  fuch 
 "  Terms,  that  many  were  furprized  at  it,  both  then  and 
 "  fince  that  Time  ;u  they  fpoke  openly  in  favour  of  it  ; 
 they  expreffed  their  Grief  to  fee  the  Wind  fo  crofs,  and 
 wifhed  for  a  Proteftant  Wind  that  might  bring  the  Prince 
 over.  His  Majefty  therefore  finding  himfelf  deceived  in 
 the  Church  Party,  and  that  he  had  nothing  to  rely  upon 
 but  his  Army,  ufed  all  imaginable  Diligence  to  ftrengthen 
 it  ;  in  Obedience  to  the  Orders  already  given,  two  thou- 
 fand  five  hundred  Men  (chiefly  Papifts)  were  landed  at  Chef- 
 ter  from  Ireland.  CommiiTions  were  given  out  for  railing 
 ten  new  Regiments  of  Horfe  and  Foot.  Three  thoufand 
 Scots  were  ordered  from  that  Country.  All  the  Militia  were 
 commanded  to  be  in  a  Readinefs  to  march  on  their  firft 
 Summons  ;  and  a  Proclamation  was  iffued  out,  requiring 
 all  Horfes  and  Cattle  to  be  removed  twenty  Miles  from  thofe 
 Parts  of  the  Sea  Coaft,  where  it  was  apprehended  the 
 Prince  would  land  ;  but  fo  great  was  the  Peoples  Difaf- 
 fe&ion  that  they  paid  little  Regard  to  his  Majefty's  Or- 
 ders. 
 
 Soon  after  his  Highnefs  landed,  the  Body  of  the  Nation  Confufion  at 
 difcovered  their  Inclination  fo  evidently,  that  the  King  loft  c°urund»n 
 
 t*   1  J  11    'he  City, 
 
 H  h  3  both         ; 
 
$6  The    HISTORY  Vol.  IV. 
 
 King        both  Head  and  Heart  at  once.      The  City  of  London  was 
 ■^688 "'    m  Confufion  ;  Reports  were  fpread  that  the  Irifh  would  cut 
 the  Throats  of  the  Proteftants  all  over  the  Nation  in  one 
 and  the  fame  Night,  which  awakened  the  Peoples  Fears, 
 and  put  them  all  Night  on  their  Guard.    When  this  Fright 
 was  over,  the  Mob  rofe  and  pulled  down  the  Popifh  Mafs- 
 Houfes,  and  burnt  the  Materials  in   the  Streets  ;  Father 
 Petre,  with   the    Swarms  of  Priefts  and   Jefuits  who  had 
 flocked  about  the  Court,  difappeared,  and  retired   into  fo- 
 reign Parts  ;  and  feveral  of  the  King's  arbitrary  Minifters, 
 who  had  brought  him  under  thefe  Difficulties,  left  him  and 
 abfconded.     Jefferies  was   taken  in  Wapping  in  a  Sailor's 
 Habit,   and  would  have  been  torn  in  Pieces  by  the  Mob  if 
 he  had  not  been  conducted  by  a  ftrong  Guard  to  the  Tower, 
 where  he  died  before  he  came  to  his  Trial.      So  that  the 
 iinhappy  King  being  left  in  a  Manner  alone,  went  with   a 
 fmall  Retinue  to  his  Army  at  Salisbury. 
 Progrefs  of      The  Prince  of  Orange  having  refrefhed  his  Forces,  march- 
 oJance'"  °f  e(*   from  TorDav   to  Exeter,  where  the  Nobility  and  Gen- 
 try figned  an  "  Aflbciation   to  fupport  and  affift  his  High- 
 i(  nefs  in  purfuing  the  Ends  of  his  Declaration,  and  that  if 
 "  any  Attempt  was  made  on  his  Perfon,  it  mould  be  reven- 
 il  ged  on  all  by  whom,  or  from  whom  it  mould  be  made." 
 Great  Numbers  of  common  People  came  in  to  the  Prince  at 
 Exeter  ;  and  as  foon  as  he  marched  forward  towards  Lon- 
 don Prince  George  of  Denmark,  the  Dukes  of  Ormond, 
 Grafton,  Lord  Wharton,  Churchil,  and  others  of  the  firft. 
 Character,    deferted  the  Army  at  Salisbury,  and  went  over 
 to  the  Prince,  with   a  great  many  Protectant  Officers  and 
 Soldiers ;  fo  that  his  Majefty  perceived,  that  even  the  Army, 
 which  was  his  laft  Refuge,  was  not  to  be  relied  on  ;   and  to 
 compleat    his    Unhappinefs,    Princefs  Anne,    the    King's 
 younger   Daughter,  withdrew   privately  from  Court   with 
 the   Bifhop   of  London,  who  put  on    his  Buff  Coat  and 
 Sword,  and  commanded   a    little  Army  for  her  Highnefs's 
 Defence. 
 Heads  of         Dr.  Finch,  Son  to  the  Earl  of  Winchelfea,  and   War- 
 
 oid"Vend  den  of  AU  Souls  College  in  Oxford,  was  fent  to  the 
 tothePrincc  Prince  from  fome  of  the  Heads  of  Colleges,  to  invite 
 and  fign  the  him  to  Oxford,  and  to  aflure  him  they  were  ready  to  de- 
 ta°tSi0n'  clare  for  hIm>  and  that  their  Plate  would  be  at  his  "Service, 
 ?•  793/798.  if  he  wanted  it.  The  Prince  intended  to  have  accepted  their 
 
 Invitation  s 
 
Chap.  XII.        of  the  P  u  r  I  t  A  n  s.  487 
 
 Invitation,  but  all  Things  being  in  a  Ferment  at  London,  he  Kinsir 
 was  advifed  to  make  all  the  hafte  thither  that  he  could.  So  he  JaI™g8. 
 fent  to  Oxford  to  excufe  his  not  coming,  and  to  offer  them 
 "  the  Aflbciation,  which  was  figned  by  almoft  all  the  Heads, 
 "  and  the  chief  Men  in  the  Univerfity  ;  even  by  thofe  who 
 "  being  difappointed  in  the  Preferments  they  afpired  to, 
 "  became  afterwards  his  moft  implacable  Enemies."  Arch-  Eacxharg' 
 bifhop  Sancroft  alfo  fent  his  Compliments  to  the  Prince,  and 
 with  feven  or  eight  Bifhops  more  figned  the  Aflbciation, 
 having  changed  the  Word  "  Revenge"  into  that  of  "  Pu- 
 nifhment."  This  was  a  fudden  Turn  (fays  the  Bifhop)  from 
 thofe  Principles  that  they  had  carried  fo  high  but  a  few 
 Years  before.  The  Difienters  went  intirely  into  all  the  Prin- 
 ce's Meafures,  and  were  ready  to  fign  the  Aflbciation  :  There 
 were  few  or  no  Jacobites  or  Non- Jurors  among  them  ^ 
 and  throughout  the  whole  Courfe  of  King  William's  Reign, 
 they  were  among  his  moft  loyal  and  zealous  Subjects. 
 
 In  this  critical  Juncture  the  Queen  and  the  young  Prince  King  leaves 
 of  Wales  were  fent  over  to  France,  December  o,  and  the  \  e      s" 
 King  himfelf  followed  the  latter  end  of  the  Month,  having  Burnet, 
 firft  caufed    the  Writs  for  calling  a  new  Parliament  to  be  P«  795>8o4« 
 burnt,  and  the  great  Seal  to  be  thrown  into  the  Thames.  After 
 his  Majefty's  firft  Attempt  to   leave  the  Kingdom  he  was 
 feized  at  Feverfham,  and  prevailed  with  to  return  back  to 
 London  ;  but  when  the  Prince  refolved  to  come  to  White- 
 hall, and  fent  his  Majefty  a  Meffage,  that  he  thought  it  not 
 confident  with  the  Peace  of  the  City  and  of  the  Kingdom, 
 for  both  of  them  to  be  there  together,  his  Majefty  retired 
 a  fecond  Time  to  Rochefter  with  the  Prince's  confent,  and 
 after  a  Week's  Stay  in  that  Place  went  away  privately  in  a 
 VefTel  to  France,  leaving  a  Paper  behind  him,  in  which  he 
 declared,  that   tho'  he  was  going  to  feek  for  foreign   Afli- 
 ftance,  he  would  not  make  ufe  of  it  to  overthrow  the  efta- 
 blifhed  Religion  of  the  Laws  of  his  Country.  ■  Thus  End  of  the 
 
 ended  the  fhort  and  unhappy  Reign  of  King  James  II  and  MaleLineof 
 with  him  the  Male  Line  of  the  Royal  Houfe  of  Stuarts,  a  lhe  Stuam# 
 Race  of  Kings  which  Providence  raifed  up  to  be  the  Scourge 
 of  thefe  Nations,  for  they  were  every  one  chargeable  with 
 Tyranny  and  Opprefllon  :  They  were  Favourers  of  Popery, 
 and  Enemies  of  the  Laws  and  Liberties  of  their  Country. 
 They  enfeebled  the  Nation  by  Luxury  and  Licentioufnefs 
 of  Manners,  and  funk  a  bold  and  brave  People  into  Con- 
 tempt among  all  the  foreign  Powers, 
 
 HI14  Nothing 
 
The    HISTORY  Vol.  IV. 
 
 Nothing   could  have  been    more   fortunate  and  happy 
 for  the  Prince  of  Orange  than  the  King's  Flight  from  Ro- 
 chefterto  France,  which  gave  a  plaufible  handle  for  the  Con- 
 vention Parliament  to  pafs  a  Vote,  i(  that  the  King  had  ab- 
 "  dicated   the  Crown,  and  that    the  Throne  was  vacant;" 
 though  it   would  have  looked  more  like  a  voluntary  Defer- 
 tion,  if  his  Majefty  had  gone  off  the  firft  time  from  Fever- 
 .  (ham,  and  had  not  faid    in   the  Paper  he   left  behind  him, 
 "  That  he  was  going  to  feek  for  foreign  Affiftance  ;"  but  it 
 is  fufficiently  evident  that  he  was  frighted  away  by  his  Priefts, 
 who  porTefled  him  with  Belief  that  he  wa?  already  a  Prifoner ; 
 and  by  his  Queen,  who  prevailed  with  him  to  confult  his  own 
 and  his  Family's  Safety  by  leaving  the  Kingdom  for  the  prefent: 
 Thus  a  great  and  powerful  Monarch  was  in  a  few  weeks  re- 
 duced to  the  contemptible  Condition  of  a  wandring  Pilgrim. 
 Addrefs  of         The  Prince  of  Orange  came  to  St.  James's,  December 
 thefclergyto  j  g5  and  on  the  2!  ft.  following  the  Bifhop  of  London  with 
 Calamy,1^  ^evera'  °f  tl:e  Clergv,  and  feme  DifTenting  Minifters,  waited 
 p.  387.         upon  his  Highnefs  to  congratulate  him  upon  the  happy  Suc- 
 cess of  his  glorious  Expedition  ;    when  his  Lordfhip  acquain- 
 ted his  Highnels  in  the  Name  of  the  Clergy,  that  there  were 
 fume  of  their  DifTenting  Brethren  prefent,  who  were  herein 
 And  of  the  entirely  of  the  fame  Sentiments  with   themfelves.     But  on 
 Conformift    l''e  2c*'   °^  Januarv   about  ninety    of  the  Non-Conformift 
 Minifters.      Minifters  attended  the  Prince  at  St.  James's  in  a  diitincf.  Bo- 
 H^we's         dy,  being  introduced   by  the  Earl  of  Devonfhire,  and   the 
 Life,  P.  i42.  Lords    -(Vharton  and  Wiltfhire  ;  when  the  Reverend  Mr. 
 Howe,  in  the  Name  of  the  reft,  aflured  his  Highnefs  **  of 
 "  their  grateful  Senfe  of  his  hazardous  and  heroical  Expe- 
 "  dition,  which   the  Favour  of  Heaven  had  made  fo  fur- 
 "  prizingly  profrerous.       That  they  efteemed  it  a  common 
 ti  Felicity,  that  the   woithy    Patriots   of  the  Nobility   and 
 *.'  Gentry  of  this  Kingdom  bad  unanimoufly  concurred  with 
 *'  his  Kighnefs's  Defigns,  by    whofe  moft  prudent  Advice 
 *'  the  Adminiftration  of  publick  Affairs  was  devolved  in  this 
 <l  difficult  Conjuncture  into  Hands  which  the  Nation  and  the 
 '.'  World  knew  to  be  apt  for  the  greateft  Undertakings,  and 
 "  fo  fuitable  to  the  prefent  Exigency  of  our  Cafe.     They 
 '*  prorniied  the  utmoft  Endeavours,  in  their  feveral  Stations, 
 *f  to  promote  the  excellent  and  moft  defirable  Ends  for  which 
 ;'   his    Highnefs  had  declared.     They  added  their  continual 
 <;  fervent  Pravers   to  the  Almighty,  for  the  Prefervation  of 
 "  his   Highnefs's  Perfon,  and  the  Succefs  of  his  future  En- 
 0:  de:.voi;rs  for  the  Defence  and  Propagation  of  theProteftant 
 "  Intardd  throughout  the  Chriftian  World  ;  that  they  fhould 
 
 «  AH 
 
Chap.  XII.        of  the  Puritan  s.  489 
 
 "  AH  moft  willingly  have  chofen  that  Time  for  the  Seafon  of     Inter- 
 
 "  paying  their  Duty  to  his  Highnefs,  when  the  Lord  Bifhop,    Re1g6n8^m* 
 
 "  and  the  Clergy  of  London  attended  his  Hignnefs  for  the 
 
 et  fame  Purpofe  (which  fome  of  them  did,   and  which  his 
 
 "  Lordfhip  was  pleafed  condefcendingly  to  make  mention  of 
 
 "  to  his  Highnefs)  had  their  Notice  of  that  intended  Appli- 
 
 "  cation    been    fo  early,  as   to   make    their  more   gene- 
 
 "  ral  Attendance  poffible  at  that  Time.     Therefore  though 
 
 "  they  did  now  appear  in  a  diftincl:  Company,  it  was  not  on 
 
 *|  a  diftiniSt.  Account,   but  on  that  only  which  was  common 
 
 "  to  them,  and  to  all  Proteftants  ;  and  tho'  there  were  fome 
 
 <e  of  their  Brethren  of  eminent  Note,  whom  Age  or  prefent 
 
 "'  Infirmities  hindered  from  coming  with  them,  yet  they  con- 
 
 "  curred  in  the  fame  grateful  Senfe  of  their  common  Deli- 
 
 iC  verance."      His  Highnefs  received  them  very  favourably,  His  High. 
 
 and  returned  them  the  following  Anfvver  ;  "  My  great  End  nefs'»  A"- 
 
 "  was    the   Prefervation  of  the   Proteftant  Religion,   and  ™c£ 
 
 '*  with    the  Almighty's   Affiftance  and  Permiffion,  fo  to 
 
 w  defend  and  fupport  the  fame,  as  may  give  it  Strength  and 
 
 ".  Reputation  throughout  the  World,  fufficient  to  preferve  it 
 
 "  from  the  Infults  and  Oppreflion  of  its  moft  implacable  E- 
 
 tc  nemies :  and  that,  more  immediately  in  thefe  Kingdoms  of 
 
 *'  England,  Scotland,  and  Ireland  ;  and  I  will  ufe  my  utmoft 
 
 **  Endeavours  fo  to  fettle  and  cement  all  different  Perfuafi- 
 
 "  ons  of  Proteftants  in  fuch  a  Bond  of  Love  and  Commu- 
 
 "  nity  as  may  contribute  to  the  lading  Security  and  Enjoy- 
 
 *'  ments  of  Spirituals  and  Temporals  to  all   fincere  Profef- 
 
 <<r  fors  of  that  holy  Religion." 
 
 In  order  to  fettle  the  Government,  the  Prince  published  an 
 Order,  defiring  all  Perfons  who  had  ferved  asKnights,Citizens, 
 or  Burgeffes,  in  any  of  the  Parliaments  in  the  Reign  of  King 
 Charles  II.  to  meet  him  at  St.  James's  on  Wednefday  the26th 
 of  December,  at  ten  in  the  Morning  ;    and  that  the  Lord 
 Mayor  and  Court  of  Aldermen  of  the  City  of  London  would 
 be  prefent,  and  fifty  of  the  Common  Council.  This  AfTembly  The  Throne 
 defired  the  Prince  to  take  upon  himfelf  the  Adminiftration  of  declared 
 the  Government  for  the  prefent  ;   and  a  Convention  Parlia-  tfje  c/own 
 ment  was  chofen  with  all  Expedition,   in  which  various  Me-  offered  to 
 thods  were  propofed  of  fettling  the  Government ;  fome  were  th^  prl.nce„ 
 for  compromising  Matters  with  King  James,  and  others  for  a  0f  Orange. 
 Regency  ;  but  after  long  and  warm  Debates  the  Throne  was 
 declared   Vacant,   "   King  James  having  abdicated  the  Go- 
 <c   vernment,  and  broken    the  Original  Contract    with  his 
 People.     When  it  was  put  to  the  Vote,    whether  to  fill   the 
 
 Throne 
 
490  The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y       Vol.  IV. 
 
 Throne  with  a  King,  or  to  appoint  a  Regent,  it  was  car- 
 ried for  the  former  but  by  two  Voices,  Fity  one  being 
 for  a  King,  and  Forty  nine  for  a  Regent,  among  which 
 latter  were  twelve  or  thirteen  Bifhops,  two  only  (viz.) 
 the  Bifhops  of  London  and  Brifrol,  being  for  a  King ;  the 
 Reafon  of  which  was  their  being  unwilling  to  contradict  the 
 
 Bnmef,        Doctrine  they  had  been  fo  long  preaching  (viz.)  that  the  Re- 
 
 P"  8o9(  ga|  power  was  Jure  Divino,  and  his  Majefty's  Character 
 indelible.  Indeed  they  had  invited  the  Prince  of  Orange  to 
 come  to  the  Relief  of  their  Religion,  but  the  Storm  being 
 blown  over,  they  thought  it  not  incumbent  on  them  wholly  to 
 depart  from  their  old  Principles,  by  renouncing  the  King, 
 and  therefore  they  voted  for  a  Regency ;  but  the  Queftion 
 being  carried  (fays  Bifhop  Burnet)  Nature  was  fo  ftrong  in 
 them  that  it  was  too  hard  fo-  their  Doctrine.  And  a  Decla- 
 ration being  drawn  up  for  aflfertingand  vindicating  the  anti- 
 ent  Rights  and  Liberties  of  the  Subjects,  the  Crown  was 
 offered  to  the  Prince  and  Princefs  of  Orange  who  ar- 
 rived from  Holland  the  Day  before  ;  and  Both  having  de- 
 clared their  Acceptance  of  it,  were  proclaimed  King  and 
 Queen  of  England,  &c.  Feb.  13.  1688-9  and  crowned 
 at  Weftminifter,  April  11.  following,  with  the  joyful  Ac- 
 clamations of  the  whole  Body  of  the  Nation. 
 K,nS  Thus  a  wonderful  Revolution  was  brought  about  with  little 
 
 a=d  Qut-en  or  no  l°fs  or"  Blood  ;  and  it  is  Apprizing  to  look  back  and 
 Mary.  reflect  on  the  remarkable  Appearances  of  Divine  Providence 
 168S.       jn  tne  Rife  aru]  progrefs  of  this  Affair;    how  the   Court   of 
 
 i""" m^/7mm"^  England  and  the  Roman  Catholick  Powers  were  all  infatuated 
 or  a  fleep,  while  the  Deugn  was  forming  ;  and  when  it  was 
 carrying  into  Execution,  how  the  Winds  were  remarkably 
 fubfervient,  and  the  Hearts  of  the  People  very  much  united  till 
 it  was  brought  to  Maturity  :  But  it  will  amaze  all  Pofterity  to 
 read  the  inconfiftent  and  difh'onourahle  Part  which  the  High 
 Church  Clergy  and  their  Friendsacted  on  this  Occafion  j  for 
 after  they  had  preached  the  King  into  a  Belief  of  their  unli- 
 mited Loyalty,  and  affured  him  in  numberlefs  Ad- 
 cireffes,  that  their  Lives  and  Fortunes  were  abfolutely  at 
 his  Service ;  and  after  the  Univerfity  of  Oxford,  by  a 
 folemn  Decree,  had  declared  all  Manner  of  Refiftance 
 damr.able  and  infamous  to  the  Chriftian  Religion,  they 
 were  among  the  firft  who  refifled  him ;  and  by  opening 
 A  Referve  which  lay  hid  under  all  their  Profefftons  of 
 Duty  and  A'legiance,  let  him  fall  into  that  Pit  out"  of 
 which  he  could  never  efcape.  As  foon  as  the  King  inva- 
 ded the  Properties  of   the  Univerfities,    and  thfeatned   to 
 
 take 
 
Chap.  XII.      of  the  P  u  r  i  t  a  n  s.  491 
 
 take  down  the  Fences  of  Preferments  in  the  Church,  they     W^J|^ 
 invited  the  Prince  of  Orange  to  come  with  an  armed  Force  and    Queen 
 to  their  Refcue  ;  They  figneJ  an  AiTociation  to  fupport  and      Mary. 
 affift    him  ;    They  offered  him  their  Plate,  and  declared  for     '^8       . 
 him   in   a  Body,    even  while  their  Sovereign   was  on  the         * 
 Throne  ;    and  yet  after  all  this  they  would  have  retraced, 
 and  made  up  Matters  again  with  King  James ;  They  oppofed 
 the  Motion  in  the  Convention  Parliament  for  declaring  the 
 Throne  vacant  ;  and  when  the  Government  came  to  be  fet- 
 tled  upon   King   William  and  Queen  Mary,  great  Num- 
 bers of  them  would  notfubmit  to  it,  and  thofe  who  did  ailed 
 a    treacherous    and    difhonourable    Part    to    their    Great 
 Deliverer  as  long  as  he  lived.     What  Inconfiftencies  are 
 thefe  !  Or,  what  Oaths  and  Declarations  can  hold  Men  who 
 can  burft  fuch  Bands,  and  cut  fuch   facred   Cords  afunder  ! 
 The  like   muft  be  faid  with  regard  to  their  Vows  and  Pro- 
 mifes  to  the  Non-Conformifts,,  all  which  were  forgot  or  bro- 
 ken as  foon  as  the  Church  was  out  of  Danger.      The    Dif- 
 fenters  acted  a  more  confiftent  Part,  for  not  being  intangled 
 with  the  fame  Fetters  as  others  were,  they  went  heartily  into 
 the  Revolution,  and  were  among  King  William's  beft   and 
 moil  hearty  Friends  in  the  Worft  of  Times. 
 
 No  fooner  was  King  William  and  Queen  Mary  fettled 
 on  the  Throne,  but  the  Diflenting  Minifters  in  and  about 
 the  City  of  London  waited  on  their  Majefties  with  an  Ad- 
 drefsof  Congratulation,  when  Dr.  Bates  at  their  Head  made 
 the  two  following  Speeches. 
 
 To  the  KING. 
 
 May  it  pleafe  your  Majefty, 
 «  *-p»  H  E  Series  of  fuccefsful  Events  that   has  attended  Addrefsof 
 "    A    your  Glorious  Enterprize  for  the  Saving  thefe  King-  the  Diflen- 
 «*  doms  from  fo  imminent  and  deftructive  Evils,  has  been  fo  tin6  Minl" 
 «r  eminent  and  extraordinary,  that  it   may  force  an   Ac-  William*" 
 "  knowledgment  of  the  Divine  Providence  from  thofe  who 
 "  deny  it,  and  caufe  Admiration  in  all  who  believe  and  reve- 
 "  rence  it.     The  Beauty  and  Speed   of    this  happy  Work 
 *«  are  the  bright  Signatures  of  his  Hand,  who  creates  Deli- 
 "  verance  for  his  People :  The  lefs  of   human  Power   the 
 "  more  of  Divine  Wifdom  and  Goodnefs  has  been  confpi- 
 "  cuous  in  it.     If  the  Deliverance  had  been   obtained   by 
 u  fierce  and  bloody  Battles,  Victory  it  felf  had  been  dejeft- 
 f;  ed  and  fad,  and  our  Joy  had  been   mixed    with  afflicting 
 Je  Bitternefs  ;  but  as  the  Sim  afcending  the  Horizon  difpels 
 
 without 
 
492  The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y        Vol.  IV. 
 
 King       "  without  Noife  the  Darknefs  of  the  Night,  foyourferene 
 Jf^o™  n  u  Pre^enCe  has,  without  Tumults  and  Diforders,  chafed  away 
 44  the  Darknels  that  invaded  us.     In  the  Senfe  of   this  afto- 
 "  nifhing  Deliverance  we  defire  with  all  poftible  Ardency 
 44  of  Affection  to  magnify  the  glorious  Name  of  God,  the 
 "  Author  of  it,  by  whofe  entire  Efficacy,  the  Means  have 
 44  been  fuccefsful   ;  and  we  cannot  without  a  warm  Rap- 
 "  ture  of  Thankfulnefs   recount  our   Obligations  to  your 
 tc   Majefty,  the   happy   Inftrument  of  it.     Your  illuftiious 
 44  Greatnefs  of  Mind,   in  an  Undertaking  of  fuch   vaft  Ex- 
 *c  pence,   your   heroick  Zeal  in  expofing  your  moft  precious 
 "  Life   in  fuch  an  adventurous  Expedition,    your  wife  Con- 
 44  duct,  and  unfhaken  Refolution  in  profecuting  your  great  ( 
 44  Ends,   are  above  the  loftieft  Flights  of  Language,  exceed 
 44  all  Praife.     We  owe  to  your  Majefty  the  two  greateft  and 
 44  moft  valuable  Bleffings  that  we  can  enjoy,  The  Preferva- 
 "  tion  of  the  True  Religion,  our  moft  facred  Treafure  ;  and 
 "  the  Recovery  of  the  falling  State,  and  the  eftablifhing  it 
 "  upon  juft  Foundations.     According  to  our  Duty,   we  pro- 
 44  mile  unfeigned  Fidelity,  and  true  Allegiance  to  your  Ma- 
 44  jefty's  Perfon  and  Government.      We  are  encouraged  by 
 44  your  gracious    Promife  upon  our    fir  ft   Addrefs,  humbly 
 14  to   defire  and  hope,  that  your  Majefty  will  be  pleafed,  by 
 '*  your  Wifdoin   and  Authority,  to  eftabiiih  a  firm  Union 
 r*  of  your  Proteftant  Subjects  in  Matters  of  Religion,  by 
 *'  .making  the  Rule  of  On  iftianity  to  be  the  Rule  of  Con- 
 44  formity.      Our  blefted  Union  in  the  Purity  and  Peace  of 
 "  the  Gofpel  will  make  this  Church  a  fair  and  lovely  Type  of 
 41  Heaven,   and  terrible  to  our  Aruichriftian  Enemies:  This 
 44  will  make  England  the  fteady  Centre  for  whence  a  pow- 
 44  erful  Influence  will  be  derived  for  the  Support  of  Reform- 
 44  ed    Chriftianitv    abroad.       This  will  bring  immortal  Ho- 
 44  nour  to  your  Name,  above  the  Trophies  and  Triumphs  of 
 44  the  moft  renowned  Conquerors.     We  do  allure  your  Ma- 
 "  jefty,  tBatSve  fhall  cordially  embrace  the  Terms  of  Union 
 ee  which  the  ruling  Wifdom  of  our  Saviour  has  prefcribed  in 
 i:  his  Word.     We   fhall  not  trefpafs  further  on  your  Royal 
 *'   Patience,   but   fhall    offer  up  our  fervent  Prayers  to  the 
 "King  of  Kings,   that  he  will  pleafe  to  direft  your  Majefty 
 44  by  his  unerring  Wifdom,   and  alw^'s  incline  your  Heart 
 44  to  his  Glory,  and  encompafs  your  facred  Perfon  with  his 
 44  Favour  as  with  a  Shield,  and  make  vour  Government  an 
 44  universal  Bleffing  to  thefe  Kingdoms." 
 
 To  which  his  Majefty  was  gracioufiy  pleafed  to  make  the 
 following  Anfwer. 
 
 44  I 
 
Chap.  XII.        of  the  Puritans.  493 
 
 4<  j    TAKE  kindly  your  good  Wifhes,    and  whatfoever    ^)^m 
 «'  JL  is    in    my    Power  mail   be   employed   for   obtaining  ancj    q^een 
 «  fuch  a  Union  among  you.     I  do  affure  you  of  my  Pro-       Mary. 
 "  teftion  and  Kindnefs."  <--l!l!Lj 
 
 To  the  Q_U  EEN.  Anw«r. 
 
 May  it  pleafe  your  Majefty, 
 €i  yrir  OUR  happy  Arrival  into  your  native  Country,  Tlic"r  Ad- 
 **  JL  and  Acceflion  to  the  Crown,  has  diftufed  an  uni-  o^e*°  e 
 *'  verfal  Joy  through  this  Kingdom.  'Tis  an  aufpicious  Sign 
 *c  of  publick  Felicity,  when  fupream  Virtue,  and  fupream 
 "  Dignity,  meet  in  the  fame  Per fon.  Your  inviolable  Firm- 
 "  nefs  in  the  Profeffion  of  the  Truth,  and  exemplary  Piety, 
 u  are  the  moft  radiant  Jewels  in  your  Crown.  The  Luftre 
 "  of  your  Converfation,  unftained  in  the  Midft  of  temp- 
 *■*  ting  Vanities,  and  adorned  with  every  Grace,  recommends 
 *•*  Religion  as  the  moft  honourable  and  amiable  Quality,  even 
 "  to  thofe  who  are  averfe  from  hearing  Sermons,  and  apt 
 "  to  defpife  ferious  InftrucYions  and  Excitations  to  be  Reli- 
 "  gious.  We  humbly  defire,  that  your  Majefty  would  be 
 '.'  pleafed  by  your  Wifdom  and  Goodnefs,  to  compofe  the 
 "  Differences  between  your  Proteftant  Subjects  in  Things  of 
 "  lefs  Moment  concerning  Religion.  We  hope  thofe  Re- 
 "  verend  Perfons  who  confpiie  with  us  in  the  main  End, 
 "  the  Glory  of  God  and  the  Publick  Good,  will  confent 
 "  to  the  Terms  of  Union  wherein  all  the  Reformed  Churches 
 "  agree.  We  (hall  fincerely  addrefs  our  Requefis  to  God, 
 "  that  he  will  pleafe  to  pour  down  in  a  rich  Abundance  his 
 *'  Bleilings  upon  your  Majefiy's  Perfon  and  Government, 
 **  and  preferve  you  to  his  heavenly  Kingdom." 
 
 Her  Majefty  was  gracioufly  pleafed   to  Anfwer, 
 '•  T"  WILL  ufe    all  Endeavours  for    the  obtaining  an  .Her>  Mz- 
 "  J_    Union   that    is   neceffary    for   the    edifying  of    theJf^'s  Aa" 
 lt  Church.     I  defue  your  Prayers." 
 
 Though  the  Joy  that  accompanied  the  Revolution  had  a  Some  BI- 
 confiderable  Influence  on  the  Choice  of  Parliament  Men,  fil0Ps  iefaSsd 
 yet  there  being  no  Court  to  make  Intereft  among  the  People,  Burnet 
 it  appeared  that  the  late  King  James  had  a  confiderable  Party  Vol.  IL 
 in  both   Houfes   flifficient  to  perplex  the  new  Government,  P*  6>  8- 
 who  firft  propofed  the  Choice  of  a  new  Parliament,  in  order 
 to  throw  the  Nation   into   a    new  Ferment  :  but  this  being 
 over-ruled,  a  Bill  was  brought  in,  and  paffed  June  23,  to  turn. 
 
 the 
 
494  The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y        Vol.  IV. 
 
 K'ns       the  prefent  Convention  into  a  Parliament,  it  being  wifely 
 and^Queen  concluded,   that  thofe  who  had  fet  the  King  on  the  Throne 
 Mary,     would   be  moft    zealous  to  maintain  him  there ;    but  when 
 1688.      the  Houfe  was  called  over,  and  the  Members  required  to 
 ,— ""V"""-'  take  the  Oaths,   eight  Bifliops  abfented  themfelves  (viz.)  Dr. 
 Sancroft  Archbifhop  of  Canterbury,  Turner  of  Ely,  Lake 
 of  Chichefter,  Kenn  of  Bath  and  Wells,  White  of  Peter- 
 borough, Thomas  of  Worcefter,  Lloyde  of  Norwich,  and 
 Frampton  of  Gloucefter ;   but  that  they  might  recommend 
 themfelves  by  a  Shew  of  Moderation,  before  they  withdrew, 
 they  moved  the  Houfe  of  Lords  for  a  Bill  of  Toleration,  and 
 another  of  Comprehenfion,  which   were  drawn  up  accord- 
 ingly by  the  Earl  of  Nottingham,   and  were  much  the  fame' 
 with   thofe  prepared  for  the   Houfe  of  Commons  in  King 
 Charles  the  Second's  Time,  during  the  Debates  about  the 
 Bill  of  Exclufion* 
 fiurnet.  The  Clergy  in  general  took  the  Oaths,   but  it  became  vi- 
 
 Vol  H.  ftblethat  many  among  them  took  them  only  as  Oaths  of  Sub- 
 miffion  to  Ufurpers  during  their  Ufurpation,  with  this  Re- 
 ferve,  that  it  was  (till  lawful  to  aflift  King  James  if  he  fhould 
 come  to  recover  the  Crown,  and  that  he  was  frill  their  King,' 
 de  Jure,  though  the  Prince  of  Orange  was  King  de  Faclo, 
 contrary  to  the  plain  Meaning  of  the  Words  ;  but  the  Cler- 
 gy broke  through  all  thefe  Fetters  (fays  the  Bifhop)  to  the 
 Reproach  of  their  Profeflion  :  And  the  Prevarication  of  fo 
 many  in  (o  facred  a  Matter  contributed  not  a  little  to  the 
 Atheifm  of  the  Age  ;  but  they  had  embarked  fo  far  in  their 
 Doctrines  of  "  abfolute  Submiflion,  and  the  Divine  Right 
 *J  of  Monarchy,"  that  they  knew  not  how  to  difengage 
 themfelves  with  Honour  or  Confcience.  Many  fuffered 
 the  Time  limited  for  taking  the  Oaths  to  lapfe,  and  yet  offici- 
 ated afterwards  contrary  to  Law.  They  threatened  the 
 Church  with  a  new  Separation,  which  frightened  the  mode- 
 rate Clergy,  and  put  a  flop  to  all  Amendments  of  the  Litur- 
 gy for  the  eafe  of  Diflenters,  left  the  Non-  Jurors  fhould 
 gain  over  great  Numbers  of  the  Laity  by  pretending  to  abide 
 by  the  old  Liturgy,  in  Oppofition  to  a  new  invented  Mo- 
 del. Thus  the  Non-Conformifts  were  fold  to  the  Jacobites 
 by  the  timoroufnefs  of  their  Friends  j  for  the  High  Church 
 Party  difcovefed  an  irreconcilable  Enmity  to  an  Accommo- 
 dation, and  feemed  only  to  Willi  for  an  Occafion  to  renew 
 old  Severities.  Thofe  who  had  moved  for  a  Comprehenfion, 
 and  brought  the  Bill  into  the  Houfe  of  Lords,  acted  a  very 
 difingenuous  Part  (fays  Burnet)  for  while  they  ftudied  to  re- 
 commend themfelves,  by  feeming  to  countenance  the  Bill, 
 
 they 
 
Chap.  XII.        of  the  P  u  r  i  t  a  n  s.  495 
 
 they  feton  their  Friends  to  oppofe  it,  while  the  Favourers  of    ^"Jn 
 it  were  repreferited  as  Enemies  to  the  Church.  and   Queen 
 
 When  the  King  came  to  the  Houfe,  March  16,   he  made       Mary. 
 the  following  Speech* .  1689. 
 
 My  Lords  and    Gentlemen* 
 t<  -y^f  O  W  I  have  Occafion  of  coming  hither   to  pafs  "j.^2^ 
 «  j^N    thefe  Bills,  I  fhall  put  you  in  mind  of  one  Thing  qualifyingall 
 "  which  will  conduce  much  to  our  Settlement,  as  a  Settle-  his  Prot-ft. 
 "  ment  will  to  the  Difappointment  of  cur  Enemies.     I  am,  |"^s  tf^ 
 "  with  all  the  Expedition    I   can,  filling  up  the  Vacancies  Govern- 
 t(  that  are  in  the  Offices  and  Places  of  Truff.  by  this  late  Re-  ment. 
 «'  volution.     I  hope  you  are  fenfible  there  is  a  neceflity  of  ^I"^, 
 "  fome  Law  to  fettle  the  Oaths  to  be  taken  by  all  Perfons 
 "  to  be  admitted  to  fuch  Places.     I  recommend  it  to  your 
 «*  Care,  to  make  a  fpeedy  Provifion  for  it  ;    and  as  I  doubt 
 "  not  but    you  will  fufficiently  provide  againft  Papifts,  fo  I 
 "  hope  you  will  leave  room  for  the  Admiflion  of  all  Protef- 
 "  tants  that  are  willing  and  able  to  ferve.    This  Conjunction 
 "  in  my  Service   will  tend  to  the  better  uniting  you  among 
 "  your  felves,  and  the  fhengthening  you  againft  your  com- 
 "  mon  Enemies."     It  appears  by  this  that  King  William 
 was  for  taking  off"  the  Teft,   and  abrogating  the  Penal  Laws, 
 as  far  as  relates  to  Diflenting  Proteftants,  but  it  came  to  no- 
 thing. 
 
 When  a  Bill  was  brought  into  the  Houfe  of  Lords  for  Bill  for 
 abrogating  the  Oaths  of  Allegiance  and  Supremacy,  and  ap-  c£anA,nt| 
 pointing  other  Oaths  in  their  ftead,  a  Committee  was  ap- 
 pointed to  infert  a  Claufe  "  to  take  away  the  Neceflity  of 
 "  receiving  the  Sacrament  in  order  to  make  a  Man  capable 
 '-'  of  enjoying  any  Office,  Employment,  or  Place  of  Truft  ;'* 
 but  when  it  was  reported  to  the  Houfe  it  was  rejected  by  a 
 confiderable  Majority,  the  Earls  of  Stamford  and  Chefter- 
 field,  the  Lords  Lovelace,  Delamere,  North  and  Grey, 
 Wharton  and  Vaoghan,  entered  their  Protefts. 
 
 After  this  another  Claufe  was  offered,  by  which  it  was 
 provided,  that  fuch  fhould  be  fufficiently  qualified  for  any 
 Office,  "  who  within  a  Year  before,  or  after  their  Admif- 
 *c  fion,  did  receive  the  Sacrament  either  according  to  the 
 *'  Ufage  of  the  Church  of  England,  or  in  any  other  Protef- 
 *'  tant  Congregation,  and  could  produce  a  Certificate  under 
 "  the  Hands  of  the  Minifter,  and  two  other  credible  Per- 
 **  fons  Members  of  fuch  a  Congregation."  The  Queftion 
 being  put,  whether  this  Claufe  fhould  be  a  Part  of  the  Bill, 
 it  pafTed  in  the  Negative  j  the  Lords  Oxford,   Lovelace, 
 
 Wharton, 
 
496 
 
 King 
 
 William 
 
 and    Queen 
 
 Mary. 
 
 1689. 
 
 TheHISTORY 
 
 Vol.  IV. 
 
 Act  of  Tole- 
 ration 
 
 brought  into 
 the  Houfe 
 
 and  palFed. 
 
 Append. 
 No.  I. 
 
 Bill   for  a 
 Comprehen- 
 sion. 
 Burnet. 
 p.  10. 
 
 Wharton,  Mordaunt,   Montague,  and  Paget,  entering  their 
 Protefts. 
 
 It  was  propofed  further,  in  a  Committee  of  the  Houfe  of 
 Lords,  to  rake  off  the  Neceffity  "  of  Kneeling  at  the  Sacra- 
 w  mem/'  but  when  the  Queftion  was  put  whether  to  agree 
 with  the  Committee  in  leaving  out  the  Claufe,  the  Votes  were 
 equal,  and  fo  according  to  the  Ufage  of  the  Houfe  it  paffed  in 
 the  Negative.  The  like  Fate  attended  the  Motion  about  the 
 "  Crofs  in  Baptifm,"  and  explaining  the  Words  AfTent  and 
 Confent  in  Subfcription.  Thus  the  feveral  Attempts  for  Alte- 
 rations in  the  Church  Service,  at  a  Time  when  the  Legiflature 
 was  in  temper  for  accommodating  lefTer  Differences,  were 
 fruftrated  by  a  rifing  Party  of  Jacobites  and  Tories,  who 
 threatened  the  new  Government  with  a  Revolt  unlefe  they 
 were  humoured,  and,  for  fear  of  them  ail  the  Promifes  of 
 Accommodation  with  the  DifTenters  were  renounced  and 
 given  up. 
 
 Soon  after  a  Bill  for  "  Toleration  of  Protefhnt  DhTen- 
 <l  ters"  was  brought  into  the  Houfe,  and  had  an  eafy  Paf- 
 fage  ;   though  fome  propofed,    that  the  A£t  fhould   only  be 
 temporary,  as  a   necefTary    Reftraint,    that    the    Diffenters 
 might  demean  themfelves  fo,   as  to  merit  the  Continuance  of 
 it  when  the  Term  of  Years  now  offered  fhould  end  ;   but 
 this  was  rejected.  Bifhop  Burnet  fays,   That  his  Zeal  for  this 
 Act  loll  him  his  Credit  with  the  Church  Party,  by  which  it 
 appears  they  did  not  much  like  it.     It  is  entitled,  "  An  Act 
 "  for  exempting  their  Majefty's  Proteftant  Subjects  dhTenting 
 "  from  the  Church  of  England,   from  the  Penalties  of  cer- 
 "  tain   Laws."      But  the  Corporation  and  Teft  A£te  are 
 omitted  ;   and  Socinians  are  excepted,  but  Provision  is  made 
 for    Quakers,   upon  their    making  a   folemn  Declaration, 
 inftead  of  taking  the  Oaths  to  the  Government.     This  A<St 
 excufes  all  Proteftant  Diffenters  from  the  Penalties   of  the 
 Laws  therein  mentioned,  for  not  coming  to  Church,  provided 
 they  take  the  Oaths  to  the  Government,  "  and  fubfcribe  the 
 "  DorTtrinal  Articles  of  the  Church  of  England,  &c.     But 
 this  being  the  Bafis  of  their  prefent  Liberty,  I  have  inferred 
 the  Aclat  length  in  the  Appendix,  Numb.  I. 
 
 While  the  Bill  for  a  Toleration  was  depending,  a  Motion 
 was  made  in  the  Houfe  of  Lords  for  a  Comprehenfion,  which 
 was  received,  and  fome  Progrefs  made  in  it ;  but  a  Provifo 
 being  offered,  and  preffed  with  great  earneftnefs  by  fome 
 temporal  Lords,  that  in  imitation  of  the  Acls  paffed  in  the 
 Reigns  of  King  Henry  VIII.  and  Edward  VI.  a  number  of 
 Perfons  both   of  Clergy  and  Laity  might  be  empowered  to 
 
 prepare 
 
.  XII.  of  the  Puritans.  497 
 
 Chap 
 
 piepare  Materials  for  fuch  a  Reformation  of  Things  relating      Kins 
 to  the  Church  as  might  be  fit  to  offer  to  the  King  and  Parlia-  and  '^,eei. 
 meat,   it  was  warmly  debated,    and  at  length  rejected  by  a       Mary. 
 fmall  Majority.     Bifhop  Burnet  was  againlt  the  Provifo,  for       ,689- 
 fear    of  offending  the  Clergy,  who  would  look   upon  it  as  *■"" ""V— ■** 
 taking  the  Reformation  out  of  their  Hands  ;    but  adds,  "  I 
 '*  was  convinced  foon   after  that  I  had  taken  wrong  Mea- 
 <s  fures,  and  that  the  Method  propofed  by  the  Lords  was  the 
 "  only  one  like  to  prove  effectual."     Dr.  Tiliotfon  being  of 
 the  fame  mind  with  Burnet,  advifed  the  King  to  refer  ths 
 Affair  to  a  Synod  of  Divines,   whofe  Determinations  he  ap- 
 prehended    would    flop  the    mouths   of   Papifts,    who  re- 
 proached our  Reformation   as   built  chiefly  en  a  Parliamen- 
 tary Authority,  and  would  be  better  received  by  the  Body  of 
 the  Cleigy. 
 
 Accordingly  it  was  agreed  in  Counci',  that  a  felect  number  An  Enclefi, 
 of  learned    Divines  fhould   be  appointed  by  the  Roval  Man-  alb,?!  Co,m" 
 
 n  i-i  miiron     to 
 
 date,  to  meet  and  confult  about  the  molt  proper  Methods  of  prepare 
 healing  the  Wounds  of  the  Church  ;  that  their  Determina-  Matters  for 
 tions  fhould  be  laid  before  the  Convocation,  and  from  thence    " 
 receive  the  Sanction  of  Parliament.      Agreeably  to  this  Re- 
 volution the  King  iffued  out  a  Commiflion  to  thirty  Divines, 
 of  which  ten  weie  Bilhops,  whofe  Names  were, 
 
 Dr.  Lumplugh,  Abp.  York,  Sir   Jonath.  Trelawny,  Bp. 
 Compten,  Bp.  London,  Exeter, 
 
 Mew,    Bp,    Winchefter,  Dr.  Burnet,   Bp.  Sarum, 
 Lloyde,  Bp.  St.  Afaph,  Humphry?,  Bp.  Ban- 
 
 Sprat,  Bp.   Rocheffer,  gor, 
 
 Smith,   Bp.  Carlifle,  Stratford,  Bp.  Chefter. 
 
 To  thefe    were  added  the  following   Divines, 
 
 Dr.  Stillingfleet,  Dr.  Patrick, 
 
 Tillotfun,  Meggot, 
 
 Sharpe,  Kiider, 
 
 Aldridge,  Jane> 
 
 Hall,  Beaumont, 
 
 Montague,  Goodman, 
 
 Be*  eridge,  Battely, 
 
 Alfton,  Tennifon, 
 
 Scot,  Fowler,  -     . 
 
 Grove,  WiHiariisi 
 
 Vol.  IV.  1    i  Tbeit 
 
The    HISTORY 
 
 Vol.  IV. 
 
 King 
 
 Wiiliam 
 
 and   Qjeeu 
 
 Mary. 
 
 16S9. 
 
 Their  Commiffion  was  as  follows 
 
 Their 
 Power 
 
 "  Whereas  the  particular  Forms  of  Divine  Worfhip,  and 
 l<  the  Rights  and  Ceremonies  appointed  to  be  ufed  therein, 
 "  being  Things  in  their  own  Nature  indifferent  and  altera- 
 c<  ble,  and  fo  acknowledged,  it  is  but  reafonable  that  upon 
 "  weighty  and  important  Confiderations,  according  to  the 
 "  various  Exigencies  of  Times  and  Occafions,  fuch  Changes 
 "  and  Alterations  fhould  be  made  therein,  as  to  thofe  that  are 
 "  in  Place  and  Authority  fhould  from  Time  to  Time  feem 
 "  either  necefTary  or  expedient.'' 
 
 "  And  whereas  the  Book  of  Canons  is  fit  to  be  reviewed, 
 "  and  made  more  fuitable  to  the  State  of  the  Church  ;  and 
 "  whereas  there  are  Defects  and  Abufes  in  the  Ecclefiaftical 
 "  Courts  and  Jurifdidtions  :  and  particularly,  there  is  not 
 "  fufficient  Provifion  made  for  the  removing  of  fcandalous 
 "  Minifters,  and  for  the  reforming  of  Manners,  either  in 
 "  Minifters  or  People.  And  whereas  it  is  mod  fit  that  there 
 "  fhould  be  a  Ariel:  Method  prefcribed  for  the  Examination 
 **  of  fuch  Perfons  as  defire  to  be  admitted  into  Holy  Orders, 
 "  both  as  to  their  Learning  and  Manners." 
 
 "  We  therefore,  out  of  our  pious  and  princely  Care  for 
 "  the  good  Order,  Edification,  and  Unity  of  the  Church  of 
 "  England  committed  to  our  Charge  and  Care,  and  for 
 "  the  reconciling  as  much  as  is  poffible  of  ali  Differences 
 "  among  cur  good  Subjects,  and  to  take  away  all  Occafion 
 "  of  the  like  for  the  f^ture,  have  thought  fit  to  authorize 
 Ci  you.  &c.  or  any  nine  of  you,  whereof  three  to  be  Bi- 
 "  fhops,  to  meet  from  Time  to  Time  as  often  as  fhall 
 "  be  needful,  and  to  prepare  fuch  Alterations  of  the  Liturgy 
 u  and  Canons,  and  fuch  Prcpofals  for  the  Reformation  of 
 "  the  Ecclefiaftical  Courts  ;  and  to  confider  of  fuch  other 
 "  Matters  as  in  your  Judgments  may  moft  conduce  to  the 
 "  Ends  above  mentioned." 
 
 The  Committee  being  met  in  the  Jerufalem  Chamber,  a 
 tjr  of  them.  Dilute  arofe  a'nout  the  Legality  of  their  Commiffion  ;  Sprat 
 Bifhop  of  Rocbefter,  one  .  of  King  James's  Ecclefiaftical 
 Commiffioners  being  one  of  their  Number,  they  pretended 
 to  fear  a  Praemunire,  though  there  was  not  fo  much  as  a  fha- 
 dow  for  fuch  a  Pretence,  the  King's  Supremacy,  if  it  means 
 any  Thing,  empowering  him  to  appoint  proper  Perfons  not 
 to  make  Laws,  but  to  prepare  Matters  for  the  Legiflature  : 
 However,  upon  this,  Mew  Bifhop  of  Winchefler,  Sprat  of 
 Rochefter,  with  Dr.  Jane  and  Dr.  Aldiidge,  withdrew. 
 Some  of  themfkid  plainly,  they  were  againft  all  Alterations 
 
 whatfoever; 
 
 The  Le*ali- 
 
Chap.  XII.      of  the  P  u  R  1 1  A  N  s;  499 
 
 whatsoever  ;   they  thought  too  much  would  be  done  for  the      Kmg 
 Diflenters,  in  granting  them  an  Aft  of  Toleration,  but  they  and'  ^en 
 would   do  nothing  to  make  Conformity  ftill  eafier.     They      Mary. 
 faid    further,    that    altering    the  Cuftoms  and    Conftitu-     * Op- 
 tions of  the  Church  to  gratify  a  peevifh  and  obftinate  Party,  ^TT^** 
 was  like  to  have  no  other  Effect  but  to  make  them  more  in-  again™  an 
 folent.     But  was  it  ever  tried  ?  Did  the  Convocation  or  Par-  terations. 
 liament  make  a  fingle  Abatement  from  the  Year  1662,  to  this  yU[njj' 
 Time  ;  If  the  Experiment  had  been  tried,  and  proved  inef-  p<  \u 
 feftual,   the  blame  might  have  been  caft  upon  the  Diflenters  ; 
 but  to  call  them  peevifh  and  obftinate  without  offering  them 
 any,  even  the  fmalleft  Alterations,  deferves  no  better  a  Name 
 than  thehigheft  Abufeof  Language.    Was  there  no  obflinacy 
 and  peevifhnefs  on  the  fide  of  the  Church,  in  retreating  from 
 fo  many  Promifes  without  a  fingle  Offer  ?  — But  it  was  faid 
 further,  that  the  Church  by  offering  thefe  Alterations  feemed 
 to  confefs  that  fhe  bad  hitherto  been  in  the  Wrong,  and  that 
 the  Attempt  would  divide  them  among  themfelves,  and  make 
 People  lofe  their  efteem for  Liturgy,  ifitappeared&hat  it  wanted 
 Correction.   Such  were  the  Reaionings  of  thefe  high  Divines, 
 if  they  deferved  the  Name,  fome  of  whom  but  a  few  Months 
 before  pretended  to  come    to  a  Temper  with  their  Brethren. 
 
 But  it  was  anfwered  on  the  other  fide,  That  if  a  few  Cor-  And  M 
 re&ions  or  Explanations  would  give  all  jult  Satisfaction  to  thethem* 
 Diflenters,  there  was  reafon  to  hope  it  would  bring  over 
 many  of  the  People,  if  not  the  Teachers  themfelves ;  at  leaft 
 if  the  Prejudices  of  the  piefent  Diflenters  were  too  ftrong, 
 it  would  have  a  good  Effect  on  the  next  Generation  ;  nor 
 could  it  be  any  Reproach  to  the  Church,  fince  the  Offers 
 were  made  only  in  regard  to  their  Weaknefs.  Ritual  Matters 
 were  of  an  indifferent  Nature,  and  became  necefDry  only 
 from  the  Authority  of  the  Church  and  State,  therefore  it  was 
 an  unreafonable  Stiffnefe  to  deny  any  Abatements  in  fuch 
 Matters,  in  order  to  hale  the  Wounds  of  the  Church.  Great 
 Changes  had  been  made  by  the  Church  of  Rome  in  her  Ritu- 
 als ;  and  among  our  felves  fince  the  Reformation,  in  the 
 Reigns  of  King  Edward  VI.  Queen  Elizabeth,  King  James, 
 and  King  Charles  II,  and  it  teemed  neceflary  at  this  Time 
 to  make  the  Terms  of  Communion  with  the  Church  as 
 large  as  might  be,  that  fo  the  greater  Number  might  be 
 brought  into  it,  fince  by  the  Act  of  Toleration  they  might 
 diflent  with  Safety. 
 
 But  while  Men  were  debating  thefe  Matters,  the  Jacobite 
 Party  took  hold  of  this  Occ.ifion  to  enflame  Mens  Minds 
 againft  the  Government.      It  was  laid  the  Church  was  to  be 
 
 1  i  z  pulled 
 
500  The  HISTORY         Vol.  IV. 
 
 K)ng       pulled  down  and  Prefbytery  fet  up  :  The  Univerfities  took 
 and  '  Queen  Fife  and  declared  againft  Alterations,  and  againft  ail  t.uit'pro- 
 Alary,      moted  them,  as  Men  who  intended  to  undermine  the  Church* 
 l689-      Severe  Reflections  werecaft  on  the  King  himfclf,  ?s  not  being 
 ^""^         in  the  Intereft  of"  the  Church,  for  the  Cry  of  the  Church's 
 Danger  was  raifed  by  all  the  Enemies  oi    the  Government, 
 as  that  under  which  they  thought  the  y  might  fafely  (belter  all 
 their  ill  Defigns.      Great  Intereft  was  made  every  where  in 
 the  Choice  of  Convocation   Wen,    to  whom  the  Determina- 
 tions of  the  Committee  was  to   be  referred,  lo  that  it  was 
 quickly  vifible  that  the  laudible  Defigns  of  the  King  and  the 
 Ecclefiaftical  Commiffioners  would  nave  no  Effect. 
 Their    pro-      However  the  Committee  continued  their  Wurk  'till  they 
 ceedmgs.       y.zd  finifhed  it ;   they  had  before  them  all  the  Exceptions  that 
 p.  ,,.         either  the  Puritans  before  the  War,  or  the  Non-Conformifts 
 fince  the  Restoration,   had  made    to  the   Church    Service. 
 They  had  alfo  many  Propofitions  and  Advices  that  had  been 
 offered  at  feveral  Times  by  many  of  our  Bifhops  and  Divines 
 upon  thofe  Heads  ;   Matters  were  well  confidered,    and  freely 
 and  calmly  debated,  and  all  was  digelled  into  an  entire  Cor- 
 rection of  every  Thing  that  feemed  liable  to  anyjuft  Except 
 Apparatus,    tion.      Dr.    Nichols  fays,    they  began  with  reviewing  the 
 P-  ti>  9&-    Liturgy,   and    hrft  in  examining  the  Calendar  ;   they  ordered 
 in  the  room  of  the  Aprocryphal  LefTons  certain  Chapters  of 
 Canonical  Scripture  to  be  read,   that  were  more  to  the  Peo- 
 ples Advantage  ;  Athanafius's  Creed  being  difliked  by  rcafon 
 of  the  damnatory  Claufes  it  was  left  to  the 'Minifters  Choice 
 to  ufe  it,  or  change  it  for  the  Apoftles  Creed.   New  Collects 
 were  drawn  up  more  agreeable  to  the  Epiftles  and  Gofpels  for 
 the  whole  c -.urfeofthe  Year,  with  that  Elegance  and  Bright- 
 ness of  Expreiiun    (fays  the  Doctor)   and  fuch  a  Flame  of 
 Devotion,    that   nothing  could   more  affect  and   excite  the 
 Hearts  of   the  Hearers,    and  raife   up  their  Minds  towards 
 God  ;  they  were  fir  ft  drawn  up  by  Dr-  Patrick  ;  Dr.  Burnet 
 added    to   them  farther  Force  and  Spirit  ;    Dr.  Stillingfleet 
 afterwards  examined   them  with    great  Judgment,    carefully 
 weighing  every  Word  in  them  ;  and  Dr.  Tillotfon  had  the 
 lafbHand,  giving  them  fome  free  and  mafteily  Strokes  of  his 
 fw.et  and  ft  .wing  Eloquence  ;  Dr.  Kidder  made  a  new  Ver- 
 The  parti-   lion  of  the  Pfalms,  more  agreeable  to  the  Original,  Dr.    Ten- 
 cular  nifon   made   a    Collection    of  the    Words    and    Expreffions 
 
 menu."       throughout  the  Liturgy  which  had  been  excepted  ngainft,  and 
 Ca  amy's      propoj'ed  others  in  then  Room  that  were  clear  and  plain,  and 
 
 Abndg.        jefs  ];able  to  Exception  Singing  in  Cathedrals  was  to 
 
 p.  4-3'.        b£  i3^  a^e  — — —  'The  Apocryphal  Leflons  were  to  be  o- 
 
 mitted 
 
Chap.  XII.         of  the  Puritans.  501 
 
 mitted,  together   with  the  Legendary  Saints  Daiys  — —  The      King 
 
 Crofs  in  Baptifrn  to  be  left  to  the  Choice  of  the  Parent William 
 
 and  Kneeling  at  the  sacrament  to  be  indifferent   i  he       Mary. 
 
 Intention   of  Lent    Faffs    was    declared    to    confift    only  in        16S9. 
 extraordinary  Acts  of  Devotion,  not  in  diftinclion  of   Meats  ^— ""V— "J 
 ■■  The    Word    Prieft   was    to    be  changed    for    Mi- 
 
 nifter  The  Ufe  of  the    Surplice  is  left  to  the  Dif- 
 
 cretion  of  the  Bifhop,  who  may  difpence  with  it,  or  ap- 
 point another  to  read  the  Service God -Fathers  and 
 
 God-Mothers  in  Baptifrn  may  be  omitted  if  defired,  and 
 Children  prefented  in  their  Parents  Names Re-Or- 
 dination of  thofe  who  had  been  ordained  by  Prefbyters  was 
 
 to  be  only  conditional But  tbefe,  with  fome  other  ufelul 
 
 Alterations  in  the  Litany,  Common  Service,  and  Canons, 
 will  not  be  known  'till  the  Papers  themlelves  are  made  pub- 
 lick.  However  the  Conceflions  and  Amendments  made  in 
 them  would  in  all  Probabi  ity  have  brought  in  three  Parts  in 
 four  of  the  Diilenters. 
 
 While  thefe  Things   were  debating;  in  Parliament  and  a-  P''°««1'n§s 
 
 1         /~i  •  rr^  a    1  ,       -  r  i         a        •«  or  tne    Con- 
 
 mong  the  Commiihoners,  an  Addrels  was  prefented,  Apul  vocation. 
 19,  praying  that  according  to  the  antient  Cufrom  and  Uiage 
 of  the  Kingdom  in  Time  of  Parliament,  his  Majefty  would 
 iflue  out  his  Writ  for  calling  a  Convocation  of  the  Clergy 
 to  be  advifed  with  in  Eccleliaftical  Matters,  afluring  his  Ma- 
 jefty, that  it  was  their  intention  forthwith  to  proceed  to  the 
 Confideration  of  "  giving  Eafe  to  Proteftant  Diflenters ;" 
 but  when  they  met  it  quickly  appeared,  that  the  High  Church 
 Party  were  fuperior  to  rhe  Moderate,  by  their  chufing  Dr. 
 Jane,  who  drew  up  the  Oxford  Decree,  Prolocutor,  before 
 Dr.  Tillotfon.  His  Majefty  fent  a  Letter  or  Mefiage  by  the 
 Earl  of  Nottingham,  alluring  them  of  his  cenftant  Favour 
 and  Protection,  and  that  he  had  fummoned  them  together 
 not  only  becaufe  it  was  ufual  upon  holding  Parliaments,  but 
 out  of  a  pi<  us  Zeal  to  do  every  Thing  that  might  tend  to 
 the  beft  Eftablifliment  of  the  Church  of  England,  he  there- 
 fore defired  them  to  confider  of  fuch  Things  as  by  his  Order 
 fhould  be  laid  before  them,  with  a  due  and  impartial  Zeal  for 
 the  Peace  and  good  of  the  Church.  But  there  was  no  room 
 for  it,  for'  the  Lower  Houfe  of  Convocation  quickly  came 
 to  a  Refolution,  u  not  to  enter  into  any  Debates  with  rela-  Their  Dif- 
 ™  tion  to  Alterations  ;"  and  it  was  not  without  Difficulty  affetl,on* 
 carried  to  make  a  decent  Addrefs  to  the  King,  thanking  him 
 for  his  Promife  of  Protection.  And  becaufe  in  the  Addrefs 
 which  the  Bifhops  fent  down,  they  acknowledge^  the  Protec- 
 tion   which   the   Proteftant  Religion    .n  general,    and   the 
 
 I  i  3  Church 
 
5Q2  The  H  I  S  T  O  R  Y  Vol.  IV. 
 
 ^■'"S       Church  of  England  in  particular  had  received  from  his  Ma- 
 
 and  QuTen3e^y'  tr)ey  would  not  agree  to  it,  becaufe  it  imported   their 
 
 Mary,      owning  forne  common  Union  with  the   foreign  Churches. 
 
 1689.      They  would  thank  his  Majefty  for  his  Care  to  eftablifh  the 
 
 *— ""V"-'  Church  of  England,  whereby  the  Intereft  of  the  Proteftant 
 
 Churches   abroad  would  be  better  lecured,    but  would  not 
 
 infert  the  Words, <l  This  and  all  other  Proteftant  Churches," 
 
 as  the  Bifhops  had  defired. 
 
 The  Bifhop  of  London,  in  his  Anfwer  to  the  Prolocutor's 
 Speech,  told  them,  That  they  ought  to  endeavour  a  Temper 
 in  Things  not  eflentialto  Religion  ;  and  that  it  was  their  Duty 
 to  mew  the  fame  Indulgence  and  Charity  to  the  Diflenters 
 under  King  William,  which  fome  of  the  Bifhops  and  Clergy 
 had  promifed  in  their  Addrefles  to  King  James.  "  But  all  thefe 
 -'  Promifes  (lays  Bifhop  Burnet)  were  entirely  forgot."  It 
 was  in  vain  therefore  to  refer  the  Amendments  of  the  Eccle- 
 fiaftical  Commiflioners  to  a  Number  of  Men  who  had  refol- 
 ved  to  admit  of  no  Alterations  ;  and  'tis  thought  that  if 
 the  Act  of  Toleration  had  been  left  to  their  Decifion,  it 
 would  have  mifcarrfed.  The  King  obferving  Matters  run  thus 
 high,  broke  up  the  Seflions  ;  and  feeing  they  were  in  no 
 Difpoflflon  to  do  good,  they  were  kept  from  doing  Mif- 
 chief  by  Prorogations  for  a  Courfe  of  ten  Years. 
 Remarks.  This  was  the  laft  fruitlefs  Attempt  for  a  "  Comprehenfion 
 
 "  of  Diflenters  within  the  Eftablifhment  ;"  and  fuch  was  the 
 ungiateful  Return  that  thefe  angry  Churchmen  made  to  thofe 
 who  had  helped    them  in    Diftrefs  !  For  it  ought  to  ftand 
 upon  Record,  that  the   Church  of  England  had  been  twice 
 refcued   from   the  mofr  imminent  Danger  by  Men  of  thofe 
 very  Principles  for  whofe  Satisfaction  they  would  not  move 
 a  Pin  nor  abate  a  Ceremony  ;  firft  in  the  Year  1660,  when 
 the  Prefbyterians  reftored  the  King  and  Conftitution  without 
 making  any  Terms  for  themfelves  ;    and  now  again  at  the 
 Revolution  of  King  William,  when  the  Church  fled  for  Suc- 
 cour to  a  P'efoyterian  Prince,  and  was  delivered  by  an  Army 
 of  fourteen  thoufand  Hollanders  of  the  very  fame  Principles 
 with  the  E.iglifh  Diflenters  ;  but  how  uncivilly  thofe  Troops 
 were    ufed  afterwards,  when  they  had  done  their  Work,  is 
 too  ungrateful  a  Piece  of  Hiftory  to  remember. 
 On  the  Ac-      But  befides  the  ftrong  Difpofition  of  the  High  Church  Cler- 
 count  rf      gy  and   their  Friends   to  return  to  their  Allegiance  to  King 
 .Abolishing     jarncs    tj1ere  was  another  Incident  that  fharpened  their  Re- 
 ;n  Scotland,  fentments  again ft:  tne  King  and  the  Diflenters,  which    was  his 
 Burnet,        Majefty 's-confenting  to  the  abolifhing  Epifcopacy  in  Scotland, 
 p.0,'^  *     which  he  could  not  prevent  without  putting  all  his  Affairs  into 
 
 the 
 
Chap.  XII.        of  the  P  u  r  i  t  A  n  s.  503 
 
 the  utmoft:  Confufion  ;  the  Biafe  of  the  People  was  ftrong  for        KinS 
 Preibvtery,  and  the  more,  becaufe  the  Epircopal  Party  went  and  '(^ieen 
 almoft    univerfally    into  King  James's  Interefts,  fo  that  the      Mary. 
 Prefbyterians  were   the  only  Friends  the  King   had  in  that       l6S9- 
 Kingdom.     There  was  a  Convention  called  in  Scotland  like      — v_ 
 that  in  England,  who  on  the  eleventh  of  April,  the  Day  on 
 which  King  William  and  Queen  Vlary  were  crowned  in  Eng- 
 land,  paffed  Judgment  of  Forfeiture   on   King  James,  and 
 voted   the   Crown   of  Scotland  to  King  William  and  Queen 
 Mary.      They  drew  up  a  Claim  of  Rights,  by  one  Article 
 of  which  it  was  declared,  "  That  the  Reformation  in  Scot- 
 "  land   having  been  begun  by  a  Parity  among  the  Clergy  ; 
 "  Prelacy  in  the  Church  was  a  great  and  infupportable  Grie- 
 "  vance  to  the   Kingdom."     The  Bifhops,  and  thofe  who  Which  was 
 adhered  to  them,  having  left  the  Convention  becaufe  not  fum-  owing  to  the 
 moned  by  a  Writ  from  King  James  ;  the  Prefbyterians  had  Jf  "the'scots 
 a  Majority  of  Votes  to  carry  every  Thing  as  they  pleafed  ;  Bifhops  and 
 upon  which  the  Abolifhing  Epifcopacy  in  Scotland  was  made  clerey- 
 a  necefTary  Article  of  the  new  Settlement.     The  Epifcopal 
 Party  fent  the  Dean  of  Glalgow  to  King  William,  to  know 
 his  Intentions  concerning  them,  who  anfwered  he  would  do 
 all  he  could  to   preferve  them  confident  with  *'  a  full  Tole- 
 '•'  ration  to  the  Prefbyterians,"  provided  they  concurred   in 
 the  new  Eftablifhment  ;  but  if  they  oppofed  it  he  fhould  not 
 enter  into  a  War  for  their  fakes.     The  Bifhops,  inffead  of 
 fubmitting    to    the    Revolution,    refolved   unanimoufly     to 
 adhere  firmly   to   King  James,  and  declared  in  a  Body  with 
 fo  much   Zeal   againll  the  new  Settlement,  that  it  was  not 
 poflible  for  the  King  to  preferve  them.     The  Clergy  fent  for 
 King  James  into  Scotland,    and  the  Earl  of  Dundee  got  to- 
 gether fome  thoufands  of  Highlanders  to  make  a  Stand,  but 
 General  Mackay,  who  was  fent  with  a  Body  of  Forces  to 
 difperfe  them,  routed  them   at  a  Place  called  Gillicranky, 
 and  killed  the  Earl  of  Dundee  upon  the  fpot.     So  that  Epif- 
 copacy in  Scotland  fell  a   Sacrifice  to  the  Intereft  of  King 
 James. 
 
 But  tho'  it  was  impoffible  to  flop  the  Torrent  of  the  Scots  ^1*"  DjJ 
 Peoples  Zeal  for  Prelbytery  ;  and  though  the  King  had  none  t0  t^e  Go- 
 but  Prefbyterians  on  his  Side  in  that  Kingdom,  yet   the  fuf-  vemment. 
 fering  it  to  take  Place,  railed  the  DifafFecYion  of  the  Englifh 
 Clergy.     Reports  of  the  King's  Difaffedrtion  to  the  Hierarchy  Burnet, 
 of  the  Church  were  fpread  with  great  Induftry  over  the  Na-  P*  29* 
 tion  ;   the   leading   Men  of  both  Univerfities  were  poiTefled 
 with  it  (fays  Butnet)  tho'  the  King  had  joined  in  Communion 
 with  the  Church,  and  took  the  Sacrament  according  to  Law  ; 
 I  i  4  but 
 
504  The   HISTORY        Vol.  IV. 
 
 King      bU(-  jt  was  given  out,  that  Men  zealous  for  the  Church  were 
 »nd'cwn  neglected,  and  that  thofe  who  were  indifferent  to  the,  Cere- 
 Mary,      monies  were  promoted.  His  Majefty  promifed  the  Scots  Cler- 
 7689.       gy  to   moc|ei-ate  Matters  in  their  Favour,  and  Lord  Melvil, 
 *  Secretary    of   State,  engaged   very    folemnly  for  the   fame 
 
 T  hing  ;  but  when  the  Prefbyterians  threatened  to  defertthe 
 Court  if  they  were  delated  by  them,  Melvil  thought  it  was 
 the  King's  Intereft  to  fecuie  them  to  his  Intereft,  which 
 could  not  be  done  but  by  abandoning  the  Minifters  of  the 
 And  to  the  Epifcopal  Perfwafion.  Such  therefore  as  refufed  to  read  the 
 toilferuers  Proclamation  of  King  William  and  Queen  Mary  by  the  pre- 
 fixed Day  were  deprived  of  their  Livings  ;  which  being  pub- 
 lifhed  up  and  down  England,  and  much  aggravated,  raifed 
 the  Averfion  of  the  Friends  of  the  Church  againft  the  Pref 
 byterians  fo  high  (fays  Bifhop  Burnet)  that  they  began  to  re- 
 pent their  having  eranted  a  Toleration  to  a  Partv,  who  where 
 they  prevailed,  fhewed  fo  much  Fury  againft  thofe  of  the 
 Epifcopal  Perfuafion.  But  it  ought  to  be  remembered 
 that  this  was  a  Government  Cafe,  that  the  Fate  of  the  Re- 
 volution in  that  Kingdom  depended  upon  it;  and  that  the 
 Bifhops  and  Epifcopal  Clergy,  almoff.  to  a  Man,  were 
 determinel  Jacobites,  and  refufed  to  take  the  Oaths  to 
 King  William  and  Queen  Mary.  Befides,  what  Reafon 
 had  the  Scots  Prefb\  terians  to  truft  the  Epifcopal  Clergy, 
 when  it  was  in  their  Power  to  do  themfelves  Juftice  ?  Had 
 they  not  deceived  them  out  of  their  Difcipline  in  1662,  and 
 perfecuted  them  cruelly  ever  fince  ?  Let  the  Reader  perufe 
 the  dreadful  Sufferings  of  the  Kirk  in  the  Reign  of  King 
 Charles  the  Second,  and  ju<!ge  how  far  they  had  Reafon  to 
 put  them  again  into  the  Saddle,  and  give  the  Reins  into 
 their  Hands. 
 King  made  '  But  the  Difaffeclion  of  the  High  Church  Clergy  rofe  frill 
 wneaiy  hy  the  j-jjorher,  even  to  the  King;  himfeif,  who  was  made  uneafv  by 
 
 Tories  o"  .,...  J 
 
 Burnet  a  let  of  Men*who  were  as  Thorns  in  his  Sides,  and  clogged 
 
 p.  35 >  39-  the  wheels  of  his  Government  to  his  Death  ;  infomuch  that 
 his  Majefiv  fometimes  declared  with  more  than  ordinary  Ve- 
 hemence that  he  would  not  flay  in  England  and  hold  an 
 emptv  Name  :  that  it  was  not  eafy  to  determine  which 
 was  befl,  "  a  Commonwealth  or  Kingly  Government;"  but 
 he  wis  fare  the  worft  of  all  Governments  was,  *{  a  King 
 "  without  a  Treafure,  and  without  Power."  He  once 
 refolved  to  return  to  Holland  and  leave  the  Government  in 
 the  Queen's  Hands,  imagining  they  would  ufe  her  better  ; 
 and  he  communicated  hK  D'fign  to  the  Marquis  of  Carmar- 
 then, the  Earl  pf  Shrewsbury,  and  fome  more,  who  befought 
 
 him 
 
Chap.  XII.        of  tk  Puritans.  5-05" 
 
 him   with  Tears  to  change  his  Refolution,  and  at  laft  pre-       King 
 vailed  :  But  had  his  Majefty  declared  this  from  the  Throne     ytllJ?m 
 
 xt     •  •  t-  1  ,  t    ,!  1      t       and     Queen 
 
 the  Nation  was  in  a  i  emper  to  have  done  Juihce  to  the  In-       M/ry. 
 cendiaries  ;    for  not"1  ithftanding  their  Clamours   they  knew      '689. 
 themfelves  to  be  in  defperate  Circumftances  if  the  Kingfhould  '— "~V"—*' 
 leave  them,   as  having  renounced  their  Allegiance  to  King 
 James,  and  gone  fuch  lengths  as  he  could  never  forgive.    But 
 King  William  being  a  generous  Prince  imagined  they  might 
 be  gained  by  heaping  Favours  on  their  Heads,  and  therefore 
 to  'k  up  with  a  Motley  Miniftry,    which  diftreffed  him  to  the 
 laft.       Thus  the   Tories   and  High  Church   Clergy  enjoyed 
 the  Advantages  of  a  Glorious  Revolution,  while  they  a£ted  a 
 moft  unworthy  Part  towards  their  Great  Deliverer,  and 
 a  moft  unkind  and  ungenerous  One  to  the  Diflenters. 
 
 Nor  have  thefe  Gentlemen  ceafed  to  difcover  their  Enmity        . 
 to  the  Diflenters  fince  that  Time,  as  oft  as  the  Power  had  ^uA  to  the* 
 been  in  their  Hands.     It  was  impoffible  to  hurt  them  while  Diflenters 
 King    William    lived,    but  no    fooner   was    Queen     Anne  r,""theR'* 
 upon   the  Throne  but  they   endeavoured  to  cramp  the  To- 
 leration  by  the  Bill  againft   Occafional   Conformity,  which 
 was    brought     into  the   Houfe  one  Sefiions  after   another, 
 'till  at  length  it  obtained  the  Royal  AfTent  in  the  latter  end  of 
 the  Year  17 1 1,   under  the  fpecious  Title  of,  "  An  A£f.   to 
 "  preferve  the  Proteftant  Religion,  and  to  confirm  the  To-  Occafional 
 "  reration,  and  further  to  fecure  the  Proteftant  Succeffion."  C'|jir°rmitJ 
 It  makes  fome  few  Conceffions   in  favour  of  the  Toleration, 
 but  then  it  enacts,  "  That  if  any  Perfons  in   Office,  who 
 c<  by  the  Laws  are  obliged  to  qualify  themfelvs  by  receiving 
 *'  the  Sacrarrfent  or  Teft,    (hall  ever  refort  to  a  Conventicle 
 •*  or  Meeting  of  Diflenters  for  Religious  Worfhip,  dusingthe 
 <c  Time   of  their   Continuance  in    fuch    Office,     they  (hall 
 '*  forfeit  twenty  Pounds  for  every  fuch  Offence,  and  be  dif- 
 <c  qualified  for  any  Office  for  the  future,  'till  they  have  made 
 "  Oath  that   they  have    entirely  conformed  to  the  Church, 
 •c  and  not  been  at  any  Conventicle  for  the  Space  of  a  whole 
 "  Year."     So   that  no  Pcrfon  in  theleaft  Office  in  the  Cuf- 
 toms,   Excife,  or  Common  Council,  &c.  could  ever  come 
 within  the  Doors  of  a  Meeting- Houfe.    But  the  Reader  may 
 read  the  Act  ar  lirge  in  the  Appendix,  Numb.   II.  Append. 
 
 In  the  laft  Year  of  Queen  Anne  the  Toleration  was  fur-  No  II. 
 ther  drained  by  an''  Acl:  to  prevent  the  Growth  of  Schifm  ?"  The  Schiftr. 
 for  with  thefe  Gentlemen  all  Diflenters  are  Schifmaticks,  and  EilL 
 in  order  to  prev&nt  their  Growth,  the  Education  of  their  Chil- 
 dren 
 
506 
 
 The  HISTORY 
 
 Vol.  IV. 
 
 dren  was  taken  out  of  the  Hands  of  their  Friends,  and   en- 
 
 Kin? 
 
 awl  '  Queen  tru^c<J  only  with  fuch  who  were  '*  full  and    entire   Confor- 
 Masj.      4t  miffs."     And   if  any  School-Matter  or  Tutor  fhould  be 
 ,689-       willing;y  prefent  at  any  "  Conventicle  of  Diflenters  for  Re- 
 v--"~v_1-'  "  ligious  Worfhip,"  he  (hail  fuffti  three  Months  Imprison- 
 ment, and    be    difqualifled,   as  above,  from  teaching  School 
 for  the  future.     The  Act  was  to  take  Place  Auguft  i,  1714, 
 the    very  Day  the   Queen  died  ;   but  his  late  Majesty  King 
 Repealed  by  George   I,  being  fully  fatisfied  that  thefe  Hardships  were 
 King  brought  upon  the  Diflenters  for  their  fieady  Adherence  to 
 
 George  I.  ^  protefj-ant  SuccerTion  againft  a  Tory  and  Jacobite  Mi- 
 nistry, who  were  preparing  the  Way  for  a  Popifh  Preten- 
 der, procured  the  Repeal  of  them  in  the  fifth  Year  of  his 
 Reign.  The  aforefaid  Act,  with  the  Repeal,  is  inferted  in 
 the  Appendix,  Numb.  Ill  and  IV.  together  with  a  Claufe 
 which  •'  forbids  the*  Mayor,  or  other  Magistrate,  to  go 
 *'  into  any  Meeting  for  Religious  Worfhip  with  the  Enfigns 
 "  of  his  Office." 
 
 Many  of  the  ejecled  Minifters  of  1662,  and  others,  sur- 
 vived the  Revolution,  and  made  a  confiderable  Figure  in 
 the  Reigns  of  King  William  and  Queen  Mary,  As, 
 
 D?  (Tenting; 
 Minifters 
 whofurvived 
 the  Revolu- 
 tion. 
 
 The  Rev.  William  Bates, 
 D.  D. 
 
 Obad.  Grew,   D.  D. 
 
 Sam.  Annefly,  D.  D. 
 
 John  Collings,  D.  D. 
 
 Mr.   Richard  Baxter, 
 
 Mr.  Vincent  Alibp,  M.  A. 
 
 Mr.  John  Howe,  M.  A. 
 
 Mr.  Thomas  Doolittle, 
 M.  A. 
 
 Mr.  Phil,  and  Matth.  Hen- 
 ry, M.  A. 
 
 Mr.  John  Flavel, 
 
 Mr.  Matthew  Barker, 
 M.  A. 
 
 Mr.    George   Cockayne, 
 
 Mr.  John  Faldo, 
 
 Mr.  William  Lorimer, 
 M.  A. 
 
 Mr.  Thomas  Gilbert, 
 B.  D. 
 
 TheRev.Mr.Jof  Hill,  B.  D. 
 Mr.  Rob.   Bragge, 
 Mr.  Math.  Mead, 
 Mr.  James  Forbes,  M.  A. 
 Mr.  Thomas  Cole,  M.  A. 
 Mr.   George   Griffith, 
 
 M.  A.  ' 
 Mr.   Nath.    Mather, 
 Mr.  Edward  Veal, 
 Mr.  John  Quick, 
 Mr.   Nathaniel  Vincent, 
 
 M.  A. 
 Mr.   Richard    Stretton, 
 
 M.  A. 
 Mr.   George  Hammond, 
 
 M.A. 
 Mr.  Richard  Kentifh, 
 Mr.  Henry  Newcome, 
 
 M.  A. 
 Mr.  Math.  Sylvefter, 
 Mr.  Chnft.  Nefle,  M.  A. 
 
 Mr. 
 
Chap.  XII. 
 
 The  Rev.  Mr.   John 
 phreys,  M.  A. 
 Mr.  Rich.  Mayo, 
 Mr.    Matth.   Clarke,   fen. 
 Jfa<)c  Chauncey,  M.  D. 
 Mi.  Sam.   Slater,  M.  A. 
 Daniel   Williams,   D.    D. 
 Mr.  John   Spademan, 
 M.  A. 
 
 of  the  Puritans. 
 
 Hum- 
 
 5°1 
 
 The  Rev.  Mr.  Robert  Billio, 
 Mr.  Rich.   Steele,  M.  A. 
 Mr.  Nath.  Taylor, 
 Mr.   Robert  Flemming, 
 
 M.A. 
 Mr.  Dan.  Burgefs, 
 Mr.    James  Owen,  &c. 
 
 King 
 
 Wil  iam 
 
 and    Queeij 
 
 Mary. 
 
 1689. 
 
 Thefe  and  many  others  who  delerve  an  honourable  Cha- 
 racter, were  learned  and  ufeful  Men,  and  moft  of  them  po- 
 pular Preachers,  ferviceable  to  the  Societies  for  Reformation 
 of  Manners,  "  and  eminent  ConfefTors  in  the  Caufe  of 
 "  Liberty  and  Scriptural  Religion  ;"  but  their  Deaths  not 
 happening  within  the  Compafs  of  this  Work,  I  muft  leave 
 them  to  be  remembered  by  the  Hiftorians  of  after  Times. 
 
 A  P  P  E  N- 
 
APPENDIX- 
 
 Numb.    I, 
 
 The  Toleration  Atl,  entitnled,  An  A  61  for 
 Exempting  their  Majefiics  Proteftant  Subje6ts 
 Diffenting  from  the  Church  of  England  from 
 the  Penalties  oi  certain  Laws. 
 
 FOrafmuch  as  fome  Eafe  to  fcrupulous  Confciences,  in 
 the  Exercife  of  Religion,  may  be  an  effectual  Means 
 to  unite  their  Majefty's  Proteilant  Subjects  in  Interefl 
 and  Affection, 
 
 I.  Be  it  enacted  by  the  King  and  Queen's  mod  excellent 
 
 TTiefevpral ^  Majefties,  and  with   the  Advice  and    Confent  of  the  Lords 
 
 Diffenters     Spiritual  and  Temporal,  and  Commons  in  this  prefent  Par- 
 
 rtpealed.      iiament  affembled,  and  by  the  Authority  of  the  fame,  That 
 
 neither  the  Statute  made  in  the  23d  year  of  the  Reign  of  the 
 
 late  Queen  Elizabeth,  entituled,  "  An  A£r.   to  Retain  the 
 
 cap-'"'        "  Queen's  Majefty's  Subjects  in  their  due  Obedience;"  nor 
 
 23  Eliz.       that  Statute  made   in  the  29th  year  of  the  fail  Queen,  en- 
 
 "^P-6-         tituled,  "  An  Ati  for  the  more  fpeedy  and  due  Execution 
 
 "  of  certain  Branches  of  the  Statute  made  in  the  23d  year 
 
 "  of  the  Queen's  Majefty's  Reign,"  viz.  the  aforefaid  A6\ ; 
 
 nor  that  Branch  or  Claufe  of  a  Statute  made  in  the  firft  year 
 
 of  the  Reign  of  the  faid  Queen,  entituled,  "e  An  A£r.  for 
 
 "  the  Uniformity  of  Common  Prayer  and   Service  in   the 
 
 «a».  2.        "  Church,  and  Adminiuration  of  the  Sacraments ;"  where- 
 
 1 14.  by  all  Perfons  having  no  lawful  or  reafonable  Excufe  to  be 
 
 abient  ate  required  to  refort  to  their  Parifli  Church  or  Cha- 
 
 pel> 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 S09 
 
 pel,  or  fome  ufual  Place  where  the  Common  Prayer  fhall  be 
 ufed   upon  pain  of    Punifhment  by    the    Cenfures  of  the 
 Church  ;  and  alfo,  upon  pain,  that  every  Perfon  fo  offending 
 fhail  forfeit  for  every  fuch  Offence  twelve  pence.     Nor  that 
 Statute  made  in  the  3d  year  of  the  late    King  James   the 
 Firft,  entituled,  "  An  Act  for  the  better  difcovering  and  re-  3  Jac-L 
 *'  pre  fling  Popifh  Recufants."    Nor  that  after  Statute  made  "'"'a,4*L 
 in  the  fame  year,  entituled,   tc  An  Act  to  prevent  and  avoid  cap.  g. 
 *'  dangers  which  may  grow  by  Popifh  Recufants.''  Nor  any 
 other  Law  or  Statute  of  this  Realm  made  againft  Papiils  or 
 Popifh  Recufants,  except  the  Statute  made  in  the  25  th  year  Excepting 
 of  King  Charles  II.  entkuled,  "  An  Act  for  preventing  dan-      Cai.  „ 
 "  gers  which  may  happen  from  Popifh  Recufants."  And  ex-  cap.  2. 
 cept  alfo   the  Statute   made  in   the  50th  year  of  the   faid  3°  ^'^  33- 
 KU}g  Charles  II.  entituled,  f*   An  Act  for  the  more  effec-  „  *  "., 
 '*  tual  preferving  the  King's  Perfon  and  Government,   by 
 **  d?fabling   Papifts  from  fitting  in  either  Houfe  of  Parlia- 
 "  ment,"  mall  be    eonftrued  to   extend   to  any  Perfon  or 
 Perfons  diffenting  from  the  Church  of  England,  that  mall 
 take  the  Oaths  mentioned  in  a  Statute  made  this  prefent  Par- 
 liament, entituled,  "  An  A£t  tor  removing  and  preventing 
 <(  all  Queftions  and  Difnutes  concernine;  the  AfTemblins;  and    *!iZ 
 "   Sitting  of  the  prefent   Parliament,"  Ihall  make  and  fuo- 
 fcribe  the  Declaration  mentioned   in  a  Statute  made  in   the 
 30th  year  of   the  Reign   of  King   Charles    II.    entituled, 
 *'  An  A£t  to  prevent  Papifis  from  fitting  in  either  Houfe  of  3°  Car.fflL 
 "  Parliament."     Which  Oaths  and  Declaration  the  Jufrices  ~M    ** 
 of  Peace  at  the  General  Seflions  of  the  Peace   to  be  held  Taking  Os- 
 for  the  County  or  Place  where  fuch  Perfon   fhall  live,  are  ckration  t© 
 hereby  required  to  tender  and  administer  to  fuch  Perfons  as  pj^f^^ 
 (hall  offer  themfelves  to  take,  make  and  fubferibe  the  fame  gifterand 
 and  thereof  to  keep  a  Regifter,     And  likewiie,  none  of  the  Certificate. 
 Perfons  aforefaid  fhall  give  or  pay,  as  any  Fee  or  Reward, 
 to  any  Officer  or  Officers  belonging  to  the  Court  aforefiid 
 above  the  Sum  of  6d.  nor  that   more   than   once  for  his  or 
 their  Entry  of  his  taking  the   laid  Oaths,  and   making  and 
 lubfcribing  the  faid  Declaration  ;  nor  above  tiie  further  Sum 
 of  6d.  for  any  Certificate  of  the  fame  to  be  made  out  and 
 figned  by  the  Officer  or  Officers  of  the  faid  Court. 
 
 II.  And  be  it  further  enacted  by  the  Authority  aforefaid.  Pet  low  co© 
 That  all  and  every  Perfon  and  Perfons  already  convicted,  or  Vfit:d~>  *«■ 
 profecuted  in  order  to  Conviction  of  Recufancy,  by  Indict-  OathT^&c, 
 ment,  Information,  Action  of  Debt,  or  otherwife  ground-  ftajj  he  «dj£. 
 ed  upon  the  aforefaid  Statute;  or  any  of  them  that  fhali  ^'S^ 
 take  the  faid  Oaths  mentioned  in  the  faid  Statute  made  this 
 
 prefent 
 
sio 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 prefent  Parliament ;  and  make  and  fublcribe  the  Declaration 
 aforefaid  in  the  Court  of  Exchequer,  or  Affize,  or  General 
 or  Quarter  Seflions,  to  be  held  for  the  County  where  fuch 
 Perfon  lives,  and  to  be  thence  refpectively  certified  into  the 
 Exchequer,  mall  be  thenceforth  exempted  and  difcharged 
 from  all  the  Penalties,  Seizures,  Forfeitures,  Judgments, 
 and  Executions,  incurred  by  Force  of  any  of  the  aforefaid 
 Statutes,  without  any  Compofition,  Fee,  or  further  Charge 
 what  foe  ver. 
 
 III.  And  be  it  further  enacted  by  the  Authority  aforefaid^ 
 That  all  and  every  Perfon  2nd  Peribns  that  mall,  as  afore- 
 faid, take  the  faid  Oaths,  and  make  and  fubfcribe  the  De- 
 claration aforefaid,  fhall  not  be  liable  to  any  Pains,  Penal- 
 ties, or  Forfeitures,  mentioned  in  an  Act  made  in  the  35th 
 35  Eliz.  year  of  the  Reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  entituled,  '*  An  Act 
 cap.  1.  "  to  retain  the  Queen's  Majefty's  Subjects  in  their  due  Obe- 
 
 **  dience."  Nor  in  an  Act  made  in  the  22d  year  of  the 
 22  Car. II.  Reign  of  the  late  King  Charles  II.  entituled,  "  An  Act  to 
 E P'i  Vailical  "  prevent  and  fupprefs  feditious  Conventicles."  Nor  fhall 
 Court.  anv  of  the  faid  Perfons  be  profecuted  in  any  Ecclefiafticat 
 
 Court,  for,  or  by  Reafon  of  their  Non-Conforming  to  the 
 Church  of  England. 
 Private  IV.  Provided  always,  and  be  it  enacted  by  the  Authority 
 
 Meetings  aforefaid,  That  if  any  Affembly  of  Perfons,  Diffenting  from 
 exc  u  e  .  tjie  ^jiurcj1  0f  England,  ihall  be  held  in  any  place  for  Reli* 
 gious  Worfhip,  with  the  Doors  lock'd,  bar'd  or  bolted,  during 
 any  Time  of  fuch  Meeting  together,  all  and  every  Perfon 
 or  Perfons  that  ill  all  come  to,  and  be  at  fuch  Meeting,  fhall 
 not  receive  any  Benefit  from  this  Law,  but  be  liable  to  all 
 the  Pains  and  Penalties  of  all  the  aforefaid  Laws  recited  in 
 this  Act,  for  fuch  their  .Meeting,  notwithstanding  his  taking 
 the  Oaths,  and  his  making  and  fubfcribing  the  Declaration 
 aforefaid. 
 Tithesfaved.  V.  Provided  always,  that  nothing  herein  contained  fhall 
 be  conftrued  to  exempt  any  of  the  Perfoas  aforefaid  from 
 paying  of  Tithes,  or  other  Parochial  Duties,  or  any  other 
 Duties  to  the  Church  or  A'linitrer  ;  nor  trom  any  Profecution 
 in  any  Ecclefiamcal  Court,  or  elfewhere  for  the  fame. 
 Officers  VI.  And  be  it  further  enacted  by  the  Authority  aforefaid, 
 
 fcmpling  That  if  any  Perfon  Diffenting;  from  the  Church  of  England, 
 allowed  to'  as  aforefaid,  fhall  hereafter  be  chofen,  or  otherwife  appoint- 
 aft  by  De-  ed  to  bear  the  Office  of  High-Conftable,  or  Pettit-Conftable, 
 Puty*  Church-Warden,  Overfeer  of  the  Poor,  or  any  other  Pa- 
 
 rochial or  Ward   Office,  and   fuch  Perfon  fhall  fcruple   to 
 take  upon  him  any  of  the  laid  Om'ces,  m  regard  of  the  Oatli#, 
 
 or 
 
APPENDIX.  511 
 
 or  an/  other  Matter  or  Thing  required  by  the  Law  to  be 
 taken  or  done,  in  refpect  of  fuch  Office,  every  fuch  Perfon 
 lhall  and  may  execute  fuch  Office  or  Employment  by  a  fuf- 
 ficient  Deputy,  by  him  to  be  provided,  that  mall  comply 
 with  the  Laws  on  this  behalf;  provided  always,  the  faid 
 Deputy  be  allowed  and  approved  by  fuch  perfon  or  perfons 
 in  fuch  Manner  as  fuch  Officer  or  Officers  refpectively  fhould 
 by  Law  have  been  allowed  and  approved. 
 
 VII.  And  be  it  further  enacted  by  the  Authority  aforefaid,  Perfons  in 
 That  no  perfon  diffenting  from  the  Church  of  England  in  °rrd"stJjw 
 holy  Orders,  or   pretended  holy  Orders,  or  pretending  to  irom  I7 
 holy  Orders,  nor  any  Preacher  or  Teacher  of  any  Congre-  car.  II.  can. 
 gation  of  Diffenting  Protectants,  that   lhall  make  and  fub-  2" T,3;     TT 
 fcribe  the  Declaration  aforefaid,  and  take  the  faid  Oaths,  at  cap.  4. 
 the  General  or  Quarter  Semons  of  the  peace  to  be  held  for 
 
 the  County,  Town,  Parts,  or  Divifion  where  fuch  Perfon 
 lives,  which  Court  is  hereby  impowered  to  adminifter  the 
 fame  ;  and   lliall  alfo  declare  his  Approbation  of,  and  iub- 
 icribe  the  Articles  of  Religion  mentioned  in  the  Statute  ma*ie 
 in  the  13th  year  of  the  Reign  of  the  late  Queen  Elizabeth, 
 except  the  34th,  35th,  and  36th,  andthefe  Wordsof  the  20th 
 Article,  viz.   [*'  The  Church  hath  power  to  decree  Rites  or  13  E1''-« 
 "  Ceremonies,    and  Authority  in   Controverfies  of  Faith, cai>-  li* 
 "  and  yet"]  fhali  be  liable  to  any  of  the  Pains  or  Penalties 
 mentioned  in  an  A6r.  made  in  the  17  th  Year  of  the  Reign 
 of  King  Charles   II.  entituled,  "  An  Acl  for  Retraining      Car  TI 
 *'  Non-Conformifts  from  inhabiting  in  Corporations ;"  nor  cap.  2. 
 the  Penalties  mentioned  in  the  aforefaid  Ait  made  in  the  22d 
 year  of  his   faid  late  Majefly's  Reign,  for  or  by  Reafonof 
 fuch  Perfons  preaching   at  any  Meeting  for  the  exercife  of 
 Religion.  Nor  to  the  Penalties  of  100!.  mentioned  in  an  A&. 
 made  in  the  13th    and   14th  of  King  Charles  II.  entituled, 
 **  An  A6r.  for  the  Uniformity  of  publick  Prayers,  and  ad-  '3  &  *4 
 <f  miniftringof  Sacraments,  and  other   Rites  and  Ceremo- ca^' 
 "  nies ;  and  for  eftablifhing  the  Form  of  making,  ordaining, 
 "  and  confecrating  of  Bifhops,  Priefts,  and  Deacons,  in  the 
 *'  Church  of  England,"  for  officiating  in  any  Congregation 
 for  the  Exercife  of  Religion  permitted  and  allowed  by  this  Acl. 
 
 VIII.  Provided  always,  that  the  making  and  fubferibing  the  Tak'mp*e 
 faid  Declaration,   and  the   taking  the  faid  Oaths,  and  mak-  Oaths  role 
 ing  the  Declaration  of  Approbation  and  Subfcription  to  the  resi<ter<iL 
 faid  Articles,  in   Manner   as   aforefaid,  by  every  refpeclive 
 
 perfon  or  perfons  herein  before  mentioned,  at  fuch  General 
 or  Quarter  Seffions  of  the  peace  as  aforefaid,  fhall  be  then 
 and  there  entered  of  Record  in   the   faid    Court,  for  which 
 
 6d. 
 
512 
 
 Meeting 
 Doors  to  be 
 unlock'd. 
 
 Teachers  ex 
 empt  from 
 Offices. 
 
 Juftices  of 
 Peace  may 
 tender  the 
 Oaths,  &c. 
 
 Penalty  for 
 retufing. 
 
 APPEND   IX. 
 
 6d.  (hall  be  paid  to  the  Clerk  of  the  Peace,  and  no  more  ; 
 provided  that  fuch  perfon  fhall  not  at  any  time  preach  in  any 
 Place  but  with  the  Doors  not  lock'd,  bar'd,  or  bolted,  as 
 aforefaid. 
 
 IX.  And  whereas  fome  Diffenting  Proteflants  fcruple  the 
 Baptizing  of  Infants,  Be  it  enacted  by  the  Authority  afore- 
 faid, That  every  perfon  in  pretended  holy  Orders,  or  pre- 
 tending to  holy  Orders,  or  Preacher  or  Teacher,  that  ihall 
 fubfcnbe  the  aforefaid  Articles  of  Religion,  except  before 
 excepted  ;  and  alio  except  part  of  the  27  th  Article  teaching 
 Infant  Baptifm,  and  fhall  take  the  Oaths,  and  make  and 
 fubferibe  the  Declaration  aforefaid,  in  manner  aforefaid,  every 
 fuch  Perfon  fhall  enjoy  all  the  Privileges,  Benefits,  and  Ad- 
 vantages, which  any  other  Diffenting Minifter,  as  aforefaid, 
 might  have  or  enjoy  by  virtue  of  this  Acr.. 
 
 X.  And  be  it  further  enacled  by  the  Authority  aforefaid, 
 That  every  Teacher  or  Preacher  in  holy  Orders,  or  pre- 
 tended holy  Orders,  that  is  a  Jvlinifter,  Preacher  or  Teacher 
 of  a  Congregation,  that  fhall  take  the  Oaths  herein  requi- 
 red, and  make  and  fubferibe  the  Declaration  aforefaid  ;  and 
 alio  fubferibe  fuch  of  the  aforefaid  Articles  of  the  Church  of 
 England,  as  are  required  by  this  Acl  in  Manner  aforefaid, 
 lhall  be  thenceforth  exempted  from  ferving  upon  any  Jury, 
 or  from  being  chofen,  or  appointed  to  bear  the  Office  of 
 Church  warden,  Overfeer  of  the  Poor,  or  any  other  Pa- 
 rochial or  Ward  Office,  or  other  Office  in  any  Hundred  of 
 any  Shire,  City,  Town,  Parifh,  Divifion,  or  Wapentake. 
 
 XI.  And  be  it  further  ena6ted  by  the  Authority  aforefaid, 
 That  any  Juftice  of  the  Peace  may  at  any  Time  hereafter 
 require  any  perfon  that  goes  to  any  Meeting  for  exercife  of 
 Religion,  to  make  and  fubferibe  the  Declaration  aforefaid, 
 and  alfo  to  take  the  faid  Oaths,  or  Declaration  of  Fidelity 
 herein  after  mentioned,  in  cafe  fuch  Perfon  fcruple  the  taking 
 of  an  Oath,  and  upon  refufal  thereof  fuch  Jufiice  of  the 
 Peace  is  hereby  required  to  commit  fuch  perfon  to  Prifon 
 without  Bail  orMainprize,  and  to  certify  the  Name  of  fuch 
 perfon  to  the  next  General  or  Quarter  Seffions  of  the  peace 
 to  be  held  for  that  County,  City,  Town,  Part  or  Divifion, 
 where  fuch  perfon  then  refides  ;  and  if  fuch  Perfon  fo  com- 
 mitted fhall  upon  a  fecond  Tender  at  the  General  or  Quarter 
 Seffions  refufe  to  make  and  fubferibe  the  Declaration  afore- 
 faid, fuch  peribn  refufing  fliall  be  then  and  there  recorded, 
 and  ihall  be  taken  thenceforth  to  all  Intents  and  Purpofes  for 
 a  Popifh  Recufant  convi£f,  and  fufFer  accordingly,  and  incur 
 all  the  Penalties  and  Forfeitures  of  the  aforefaid  Laws. 
 
 XII. 
 
APPENDIX.  513 
 
 .XII.  And  whereas  there  are  certain  other  perfons  Di/Ten-  Quakers 
 ters  from  the  Church  of  England,  who  fcruple   the  taking  of  te™  exemP* 
 any  Oath,  be  it  enacted  by  the  authority  aforefaid,  That  e-  Xker'd  as  to 
 very  fuch  Perfon  fhall  make  and  fubfcribe  t!ie  aforefaid   De-  Qjftikers..i)i 
 claration  ;   and  aifo  this  Declaration  of  fidelity  following.         cap.' 6. 
 
 "  I  A.  B.  do  fincerely  promife,  and  folemnly  declare,  be- 
 ti  fore  God  and  the  World,  that  I  will  be  true  and  faithful  to  pf  Fidelity" 
 "  King  William  and  Queen  Mary.  And  I  do  folemnly  pro- 
 "  fefs  and  declare,  that  I  do  from  my  heart  abhor,  deteft,  and 
 "  renounce,  as  impious  and  heretical,  that  damnable  Doc- 
 "  trine  and  Pofition,  That  Princes  excommunicated,  or  de- 
 "  prived  by  the  Pope,  or  any  authority  of  the  See  of  Rome, 
 "  may  be  depofed  or  murdered  by  their  Subjects,  or  any 
 "  other  whatfoever.  And  I  do  declare,  that  no  foreign 
 "  Prince,  Perlon,  Prelate,  State,  or  Potentate,  hath,  or  ought 
 tc  to  have  any  Power,  Jurifdiction,  Superiority,  Pre-eminence 
 "  or  Authority,  ecclefiaftical  or  Spiritual,  within  this  Realm." 
 
 And  fhall  fubfcribe  a  profeflion  of  their  Chriftian  Belief  in 
 thefe  words  : 
 
 "  I  A.  B.  profefs  Faith  in  God  th  eFather,  and  in  Jefus  profeffion. 
 "  Chrift  his  eternal  Son,  the  true  God,  and  in  the  holy  Spi- 
 ie  rit,  one  God  bleffed  for  evermore  ;  and  do  acknowledge 
 "  the  Holy  Scriptures  of  the  old  and  new  Teftament  to  be 
 "  given  by  divine  Infpiration." 
 
 Which  declaration  and  fubfcription  mail  be  made  and  enter- 
 ed of  Record  at  the  general  Quarter  Seffions  of  the  Peace  for 
 the  County,   City,  or  Place,  where  every  fuch  perfon  fhall 
 then  refide.     And  every  fuch  perfon  that  fhall  make  and  fub- 
 fcribe the  two  Declarations  and  Profeflion  aforefaid,  being 
 thereunto  required,  fhall  be  exempted  from  all  the  pains  and 
 penalties  of  all  and  every  the  aforementioned  Statutes  made 
 againft  Popifh  Recufants,  or  Protectant  Non- Conformists ; 
 and  alfo  from  the  penalties  of  an  Aft  made  in  the  5th  year 
 of  the  reign  of  the  late   Queen  Elizabeth,  entituled,  "  An 
 "  Act  for  the  Affurance  of  the  Queen's  Royal  power  over  5  Ellz, 
 "  all  Eftates  and  Subjects  within,  her  Dominions,"  for  or  by  C*P- »• 
 reafon  of  fuch  perfons  not  taking  or  refufing  to  take  the  Oath 
 mentioned  in  the  faid  Act.     And  alfo  from  the  penalties  of  an 
 Act  made  in  the  13th  and  14th  years  of  the  reign  of  King 
 Charles  II. entituled  "  An  Act  for  preventing  mifchiefs  that  may  13  &  t^ 
 "  arife  by  certain  perfons  called  Quakers  refufing  to  take  law-  Car- JI- 
 "  ful  Oaths,"  and  enjoy  all  other  the  Benefits,  Privileges,  andcap'  *' 
 Advantages,  under  the  like  Limitations,  Provifoes  and  Con- 
 ditions, which  any  other  Diffenters  fhould  or  ought  to  enjoy 
 by  virtue  of  this  Act. 
 
 Vol.  IV.  K  k  XIII.  Pro- 
 
514  APPENDIX. 
 
 How  purged  Xlll.  Provided  always,  and  be  it  enabled  by  the  Autho- 
 fufoi  oTthe"  rity  af°re^aid>  that  in  Cafe  any  Perfon  (hall  refufe  to  take  the 
 Oaths.  faid  Oaths  when  tender'd  to  them,   which  every  Juftice  of  the 
 
 Peace  is  hereby  impowered  to  do,  fuch  Perfon  fhall  not  be  ad- 
 mitted to  make  and  fubfcribe  the  two  Declarations  aforeiaid, 
 tho'  required  thereunto  either  before  any  Juftice  of  the  Peace, 
 or  at  the  General  cr  Quarter  Seffions,  before  or  after  any  con- 
 viction of  r'opim  Recufancy,  as  aforeiaid.  unlefs  fuch  Perfon  can, 
 within  thirty  one  Days  after  fuch  Tender  of  the  Declaration 
 to  him,  produce  two  fufficient  Protectant  Witneffes  to  teftify 
 upon  Oath,  that  they  believe  him  to  be  a  Proteftant  Diffen- 
 ter,  or  a  Certificate  under  the  Hands  of  four  Proteftants  who 
 are  conformable  to  the  Church  of  England,  or  have  taken 
 the  Oaths,  and  fubfcribed  the  Declaration  above-named,  and 
 (hall  produce  a  Certificate  under  the  Hands  and  Seals  of  fix  or 
 more  fufficient  Vten  of  the  Congregation  to  which  he  belongs, 
 owning  him  for  one  of  them. 
 
 XIV.  Provided  alfo,  and  be  it  enacted  by  the  Authority 
 aforcfaid,  That  until  fuch  Certificate  under  the  Hands  of 
 fix  of  his  Congregation,  as  aforefaid,  be  produced,  and  two 
 Proteftant  WitnefTes  come  to  attefl  his  being  a  Proteftant 
 DifFenter,  or  a  Certificate  under  the  Hands  of  four  Prote- 
 ftants, as  aforefaid,  be  produced,  the  Juftice  of  the  Peace 
 lhali,  and  hereby  is  required  to  take  a  Recognizance,  with 
 two  Sureties,  in  the  penal  Sum  of  fifty  Pounds,  to  be  levied 
 of  his  Goods  and  Chatties,  Lands  and  Tenements,  to  the 
 ufe  of  the  King's  and  Queen's  Majefties,  their  Heirs  and  Suc- 
 ceiiurs,  for  his  producing  the  fame ;  and  if  he  cannot  give 
 fuch  Security  to  commit  him  to  Prifon,  there  to  remain  until 
 lie  ha.;  produced  fuch  Certificate,  or  two  WitnefTes,  as  afore- 
 iaid. 
 Laws  for  XV.    Provided    always,    and  it    is  the  true   Intent    and 
 
 Divine  ser-  Meaning  of  this   Aft,    That   all   the  Laws  made  and  pro- 
 uixe.  v;£j£cj  f0i.  t^e  frcqUent"irig  0f  Divine  Service  on  the   Lord's 
 Day,  commonly  called   Sunday,    fhall  be  ftill  in  force,    and 
 executed  againft  all  Perfons  that  offend  againft  the  faid  Laws, 
 except  fuch   Perfons  come  to  fame  Congregation,   or  Af- 
 fembly  of  Religious  Worfhip,  allowed  or  permitted  by  this 
 Aft. 
 Papifts  ex-        XVI.   Provided   always,   and  be  it  further  enafted  by  the 
 cepted.         Authority  aforefaid,  That  neither  this  Aft,  nor  any  Claufe, 
 Article,    or   Thing,    herein   contained,   fhall  extend,    or  be 
 conilrued  to  extend,  to  give  any  Eafe,  Benefit,  or  Advantage, 
 to  any  Papift  or  Popifh  Recufant  whatfoever,  or  any  Perfon, 
 
 that 
 
APPENDIX.  5tS 
 
 that  (hall  deny  in  his  Preaching  or  Writing,  the  Doctrine  of 
 the  blefled  Trinity,  as  it  is  declared  in  the  afbrefaid  Articles  of 
 Religion. 
 
 XVII.  Provided  always,  and  be  it  enacted  by   the   Au-  D-fl    h 
 thority    aforefaid,    That   if  any    Perfon   or  Pcrlons,  at  any  0f  Rdigioui 
 Time   or  Times,    after  the  10th  Day  of  June,  do,  and  mall  Worrtiip, 
 willingly,  and  of  Purpofe,   malicioufly,  or  contemptuously,  ^w  Pun,ai* 
 come  into  any  Cathedral,  or  Parim.  Church,  Chapel,  or  other  §  j  Geo.  I. 
 Congregation  permitted   by   this  Act,  and  difquiet  or  diibnb  Stat.  2. 
 the  fame  ;   or  mifufe  any  Preacher   or  Teacher,  fuch   Perfon cap'  $•  §  4* 
 or  Perfons,  upon  proof  thereof,  before  any  Juflice  of  Peace, 
 
 by  two  or  more  fufficient  "WitnefTes,  mail  find  two  Sureties 
 to  be  bound  by  Recognizance  in  the  penal  Sum  of  fifty 
 Pounds,  and  in  default  of  fuch  Sureties  mall  be  committed 
 to  prifon,  there  to  remain  till  the  next  General  or  Quarter 
 Seffions,  and  upon  Conviction  of  the  faid  Offence,  at  the  faid 
 General  or  Quarter  Seffions,  fhall  fufFer  the  Pain  and  Penalty, 
 of  twenty  pounds,  to  the  ufe  of  the  King's  and  Queen's  Ma- 
 jeures, their  Heirs  and  SuccefTors. 
 
 XVIII.  Provided  always,  that  no  Congregation,  or  AfTem-  p,     , 
 bly  for  Religious  Worfhip,  mail  be  permitted  or  allowed  by  w0rfhiP  to 
 this  Aft,   until  the  place  of  fuch  Meeting  fhall  be  certified  b«  certified. 
 to  the  Bifhop  of  the  Diocefe,  or  to  the  Archdeacon  of  that 
 Archdeaconry,  or  to  the  Juftices  of  the  Peace,  at  the  Ge- 
 neral or  Quarter  Seffions  of  the  Peace  for  the  County,  City, 
 
 or  Place,  in  which  fuch  Meeting  fhall  be  held,  and  regifler'd 
 in  the  faid  Bifhop's  or  Archdeacon's  Court  reflectively,  or  re- 
 corded at  the  faid  General  or  Quarter  Seffions,  the  Re- 
 gifter  or  Clerk  of  the  Peace  whereof  refpefrively  is  hereby 
 required  to  regifter  the  fame,  and  to  give  Certificate  thereof 
 to  fuch  Perfon  as  fhall  demand  the  fame,  for  which  there 
 fhall  be  no  greater  Fee  nor  Reward  taken  than  the  Sum  of 
 fix  Pence. 
 
 K  k  2  Numb* 
 
*i6  APPENDIX. 
 
 Numb.    II. 
 
 The  Occafional  Act,  entituled,  An  Act  for  Pre- 
 ferving  the  Proteftant  Religion,  by  better  Se- 
 curing the  Church-  of  England,  as  by  Law 
 eftablifhed  ;  and  for  Confirming  the  Tolera- 
 tion granted  to  Proteftant  DifTenters  by  an  Act, 
 entituled,  "  An  Act  for  exempting  Their  Ma- 
 "  jefty's  Proteftant  Subjects,  Diflenting  from 
 "  the  Church  of  England,  from  the  Penalties 
 *'  of  certain  Laws,"  and  for  fupplying  the  De- 
 fects thereof;  and  for  the  further  Securing  the 
 Proteftant  Succeflion,  by  requiring  the  Practicers 
 of  the  Law  in  North  Britain  to  take  the 
 Oaths,  and  fubferibe  the  Declaration  therein 
 mentioned. 
 
 roth  of  Q^  vvTHereas  an  Aft  was  made  in  the  thirteenth  year  of  the 
 W  Reign  of  the  late  King  Charles  II.  entituled,  "  An 
 "  A£f  for  the  well  Governing  and  Regulating  of  Corpora- 
 "  tions."  And  another  A£t  was  made  in  the  five  and  twen- 
 tieth year  of  the  Reign  of  the  faid  late  King  Charles  II. 
 entituled,  W  An  A£t  for  the  preventing  Dangers  which  may 
 "  happen  from  Popim  Recufants."  Both  which  Ads  were 
 made  for  the  Security  of  the  Church  of  England,  as  by 
 Law  eftabliihed.  Now  for  the  better  fecuring  the  faid 
 Church,  and  quieting  the  Minds  of  her  Majefty's  Proteftant 
 Subjects  Diflenting  from  the  Church  of  England,  and  ren- 
 dring  them  lecure  in  the  Exercife  of  their  Religious  Wor- 
 ship ;  as  alfo  for  the  further  ftrengthening  the  Provision  al- 
 ready made  for  the  Security  of  the  Succelfion  to  the  Crown 
 in  the  Houfe  of  Hanover,  Be  it  enacted  by  the  Queen's  mofl 
 excellent  Majefty,  by  and  with  the  Advice  and  Confent 
 of  the  Lords  Spiritual  and  Temporal,  and  Commons  in 
 Parliament  aflembled,  and  by  the  Authority  of  the  fame, 
 That  if  any  Perlbn  or  Perfons,  after  the  five  and  twentieth 
 Day  of  March,  which  mall  be  in  the  year  of  our  Lord,  one 
 rhoufand  feven  hundred  and  twelve,  either  Peers  or  Com- 
 moners, 
 
 Anne. 
 
APPENDIX." 
 
 moners,  who  have,  or  fhall  have  any  Office  or  Offices,  Ci- 
 vil or  Military,  or  receive  any  Pay,  Salary,  Fee,  or 
 Wages,  by  Reafon  of  any  Patent  or  Grant  from  or  under 
 her  Majefty,  or  any  of  her  Majefty's  Predeceffors,  or  of 
 her  Heirs  or  Succeflbrs,  or  fhall  have  any  Command  or 
 Place  of  Truft  from  or  under  her  Majefty,  her  Heirs  or 
 Succeffors,  or  from  any  of  her  Majefty's  Predeceffors, 
 or  by  her  or  their  Authority,  or  by  Authority  derived  from 
 her  or  them,  within  that  Part  of  Great-Britain,  called 
 England,  the  Dominion  of  Wales,  or  Town  of  Berwick 
 upon  Tweed,  or  in  the  Navy,  or  in  the  feveral  Iflands  of 
 Jerfey  or  Guernfey,  or  fhall  be  admitted  into  any  Service  or 
 Employment  in  the  Houfhold  or  Family  of  her  Majefty, 
 her  Heirs  or  Succeflbrs ;  or  if  any  Mayor,  Alderman,  Re- 
 'corder,  Bailiff,  Town  Clerk,  Common  Council  Alan,  or 
 other  Perfon,  bearing  any  Office  of  Magiftxacy,  or  place 
 of  Trufl  or  other  Employment  relating  to,  or  concer- 
 ning the  Government  of  any  of  the  refpe&ive  Cities,  Cor- 
 porations, Boroughs,  Cinque  Ports,  and  their  Members, 
 or  other  Port  Towns  within  that  Part  of  Great-Britain 
 called  England,  the  Dominion  of  Wales,  Town  of  Ber- 
 wick, or  either  of  the  Ides  aforefaid,  who  by  the  faid  reci- 
 ted A6bs,  or  either  of  them,  were  or  are  obliged  to  receive 
 the  Sacrament  of  the  Lord's  Supper,  according  to  the  Rites 
 and  Ufage  of  the  Church  of  England,  as  aforefaid,  fhall  at 
 any  Time  after  their  Admiffion  into  their  refpective  Offices 
 or  Employments,  or  after  having  fuch  Patent  or  Grant, 
 Command  or  Place  of  Truft,  as  aforefaid,  during  his  or  their 
 Continuance  in  fuch  Office  or  Offices,  Employment  or  Em- 
 ployments, or  having  fuch  Patent  or  Grant,  Command  or 
 Place  of  Truft,  or  any  Profit  or  Advantage  from  the  fame, 
 knowingly  or  willingly  refort  to,  or  be  prefent  at  any  Con- 
 venticle, Afiembly  or  Meeting  within  England,  Wales, 
 Berwick  upon  Tweed,  or  the  Ifles  aforefaid,  for  the  Exer- 
 cife  of  Religion  in  other  Manner  than  according  to  the  Li- 
 turgy and  Practice  of  the  Church  of  England,  in  any  place 
 within  that  part  of  Great-Britain  called  England,  Dominion 
 of  Wales,  and  Town  of  Berwick  upon  Tweed,  or  the  Ifles 
 aforefaid,  at  which  Conventicle,  AfTembly,  or  Meeting, 
 there  fhall  be  ten  Perfons  or  more  affembled  together,  over 
 and  befides  thofe  of  the  fame  Houfhold,  if  it  be  in  any 
 Houfe  where  there  is  a  Family  inhabiting,  or  if  it  be  in  an 
 Houfe  or  Place  where  there  is  no  Family  inhabiting,  then 
 where  2ny  fuch  ten  Perfons  are  fo  affembled,  as  aforefaid  ; 
 or  fhall  knowingly  and  willingly  be  prefent  at  any  fuch  Meet- 
 
 K  k  3  ing 
 
 5*7 
 
fi8  APPENDIX. 
 
 ing  in  fuch  Houle  or  Place,  as  aforefaid,  although  the  Li- 
 turgy be  there  ufed,  where  her  Majefty  (whom  God  long 
 preierve)  and  the  Princefs  Sophia,  or  fuch  others  as  fhall 
 from  Time  to  Time  be  lawfully  appointed  to  be  prayed  for, 
 fhall  not  there  be  prayed  for  in  exprefs  Words  according  to 
 the  Liturgy  of  the  Church  of  England,  except  where  fuch 
 particular  Offices  of  the  Liturgy  are  ufed,  wherein  there  are 
 no  exprefs  Directions  to  pray  for  her  Majefty  and  the  Royal 
 Family,  fhall  forfeit  forty  Pounds,  to  be  recovered  by  him 
 or  them  that  fhall  fue  for  the  fame,  by  any  Action  of  Debt, 
 Bill,  Plaint,  or  Information,  in  any  of  her  Majefty's  Courts 
 at  Weftminfter,  wherein  no  Effoin,  Protection,  or  Wager 
 of  Law  fhall  be  allowed,  or  any  more  than  one  Imparlance. 
 
 And  be  it  further  enacted,  That  every  perfon  convicted 
 in  any  Action  to  be  brought,  as  aforefaid,  or  upon  any  Infor- 
 mation, Prefentment,  or  Indictment  in  any  of  her  Majefty's 
 Courts  at  Weftminfter,  or  at  the  Affixes,  fhall  be  difabled 
 from  thenceforth  to  hold  fuch  Office  or  Offices,  Employ- 
 ment or  Employments,  or  to  receive  any  Profit  or  Advan- 
 tage by  reafon  of  them,  or  of  any  Grant,  as  aforefaid,  and 
 Jgeu  incapable  to  bear  any  Office  or  Employ- 
 ment w ■iutiioever,  within  that  part  of  Great-Pritain  called 
 England,  the  Dominion  of  Wales,  or  the  Town  of  Ber- 
 wick upon  Tweed,  or  the  Ifles  of  Jerfey  or  Guernfey. 
 
 Provided  always,  and  be  it  further  enacted  by  the  Autho- 
 rity aforefaid,  That  if  any  perfon  or  perfons,  who  fhall  have 
 been  convicted,  as  aforefaid,  and  thereby  made  incapable  to 
 hold  nny  Office  or  Employment,  or  to  receive  any  profit 
 or  Advantage  by  reafon  of  them,  or  of  any  Grant,  as  afore- 
 faid, fhall  after  fuch  Conviction,  conform  to  the  Church  of 
 England,  for  the  fpace  of  ore  year,  without  having  been 
 prefent  at  any  Conventicle,  Affemb'.y,  or  Meeting,  as  afore- 
 faid, and  receive  the  Sacrament  of  the  Lord's  Supper,  ac- 
 cording to  the  Rites  and  Ufage  of  the  Church  of  England, 
 at  leaft  three  Times  in  the  year;  every  fuch  perfon  or  per- 
 fons fhall  be  capable  of  the  Grant  of  any  of  the  Offices  or 
 Employments  aforefaid. 
 
 Provided  alfo,  and  be  it  further  enacted,  That  every  fuch 
 perfon  fo  convicted,  and  afterwards  conforming,  in  manner, 
 as  aforefaid,  fhall  at  the  next  Term  after  his  Admiffion  into 
 any  fuch  Office  or  Employment,  make  Oath  in  writing  in 
 fome  one  of  her  Majefty's  Courts  af  Weftminfter,  in  pub- 
 jick  and  open  Court,  or  at  the  next  Quarter  SeiTions  for 
 that  County  or  Place  where  he  fhall  refide,  between  the 
 Hours  cf  nine  and  twelve  in  the  Forenoon,  he  hath  con- 
 formed 
 
APPENDIX.  519 
 
 formed  to  the  Church  of  England  for  the  fpace  of  one  year 
 before  fuch  his  AdmifTion,  without  having  been  prefent  at 
 any  Conventicle,  Affembly  or  Meeting,  as  aforefaid,  and 
 that  he  hath  received  the  Sacrament  of  the  Lord's  Supper 
 at  leafi  three  Times  in  the  Year  ;  which  Oath  fhail  be  there 
 enrolled  and  kept  upon  Record. 
 
 Provided,  that  no  perfon  fhall  fuffer  any  punifhment  for 
 any  Offence  committed  againft  this  Act,  unlefs  Oath  be 
 made  of  fuch  Offence  before  fome  Judge  or  Juitice  of  the 
 Peace  (who  is  hereby  empowered  and  required  to  take  the 
 faid  Oath)  within  ten  Days  after  the  (aid  Offence  committed, 
 and  unlefs  the  faid  Offender  be  profecuted  for  the  fame 
 within  three  Months  after  the  laid  Offence  committed  ;  nor 
 fhall  any  perfon  be  convi&ed  for  any  fuch  Offence,  unlefs 
 upon  the  Oaths  of  two  credible  Witneffss  at  the  lead. 
 
 Provided  always,  That  this  Act,  or  any  Thing  therein 
 contained,  or  any  Offence  againft  the  fame,  fhall  not  ex- 
 tend or  be  judged,  to  take  away  or  make  void  any  Office  of 
 Inheritance  ;  neverthelefs,  fo  as  fuch  perfcn  having  or  en- 
 joying any  fuch  Office  of  Inheritance,  do  or  fhall  fubftitute 
 and  appoint  his  fufficient  Deputy  (which  fuch  Officer  is 
 hereby  empowered  from  Time  to  Time,  to  make  or  change, 
 any  former  Law  or  Ufage  to  the  contrary  notwithstanding) 
 to  exercife  the  faid  Office,  until  fuch  Time  as  the  perfon 
 having  fuch  Office,  fhall  conform,  as  aforefaid. 
 
 And  it  is  hereby  further  enacted  and  declared,  by  the  Au- 
 thority aforefaid,  That  the  Toleration  granted  to  Protefiant 
 Diffenters,  by  the  Act  made  in  the  fir  ft  year  of  the  Reign 
 of  King  William  and  Queen  Mary,  entituled,  "  An  Act 
 li  for  Exempting  their  Majefties  Proteftant  Subjects,  Dif- 
 "  fenting  from  the  Church  of  England,  from  the  Penalties 
 "  of  certain  Laws,"  fhall  be,  and  is  hereby  ratified  and 
 confirmed,  and  that  the  fame  Act  fhall  at  all  Times  be  in- 
 violably obferved,  for  the  Exempting  of  fuch  Prote'ftant 
 Diffenters  as  are  thereby  intended,  from  the  pains  and  penal- 
 ties therein  mentioned. 
 
 And  for  the  rendering  the  faid  lafl  mentioned  Act  more 
 effectual,  according  to  the  true  Intent  and  Meaning  thereof, 
 Be  it  further  enacted  and  declared  by  the  Authority  afore- 
 faid, That  if  any  perfon  Diffenting  from  the  Church  of 
 England  (not  in  holy  Orders,  or  pretended  holy  Orders,  or 
 pretending  to  holy  Orders,  nor  any  Preacher  or  Teacher  of 
 any  Congregation)  who  mould  have  been  entituled  to  the 
 Benefit  of  the  faid  lad  mentioned  Act,  if  fuch  Perfon  had 
 duly  taker,  made,  and  fubferibed  the  Oaths  and  Declara- 
 
 K  k  4  tion, 
 
52o  APPENDIX. 
 
 tion,  or  otherwife  qualified  him  or  herfelf,  as  required  by 
 the  faid  A6t,  and  now  is  or  fhall  be  profecuted  upon  or  by 
 Virtue  of  any  of  the  penal  Statutes,  from  which  Proteftant 
 DifTenters  are  exempted  by  the  faid  Act,  fhall  at  any  time 
 during  fuch  profecution,  take,  make,  and  fubfcribe  the  laid 
 Oaths  and  Declaration,  or  being  of  the  People  called  Qua- 
 kers, fhall  make  and  fubfcribe  the  aforefaid  Declaration, 
 and  alfo  the  Declaration  of  Fidelity,  and  fubfcribe  the  pro- 
 feflion  of  their  Chriftian  Belief  according  to  the  faid  Ac"t, 
 cr  before  any  two  of  her  Majefty's  Juftices  of  the  Peace 
 (who  are  hereby  required  to  take  and  return  the  fame  to  the 
 next  Quarter  Seflions  of  the  Peace,  to  be  there  recorded) 
 fuch  perfon  fhall  be,  and  is  hereby  entituled  to  the  Benefit 
 of  the  faid  Act,  as  fully  and  effectually  as  if  fuch  perfon  had 
 duly  qualified  himfelf  within  the  Time  prefcribed  by  the  faid 
 Act,  and  fhall  be  thenceforth  exempted  and  difcharged  from 
 all  the  Penalties  and  Forfeitures  incurred  by  Force  of  any 
 the  aforefaid  penal  Statutes. 
 
 And  whereas  it  is  or  may  be  doubted,  whether  a  Preacher 
 or  Teacher  of  any  Congregation  of  Diffenting  Proteftants, 
 duly  in  all  Refpects  qualified  according  to  the  faid  A6t,  be 
 al'owed  by  virtue  of  the  faid  Aft,  to  officiate  in  any  Con- 
 grej  afi  v.  in  any  County,  other  than  that  in  which  he  fo 
 qualified  himfelf,  although  in  a  Congregation  or  Place  of 
 Meeting,  duly  certified  and  regifter'd  as  is  required  by 
 the  faid  A£t ;  Be  it  declared  and  enacted  by  the  Authority 
 aforefaid,  That  any  fuch  Preacher  or  Teacher,  fo  duly  qua- 
 lified according  to  the  faid  Act,  fhall  be,  and  is  hereby  al- 
 lowed to  officiate  in  any  Congregation,  although  the  iarne 
 be  not  in  the  County  wherein  he  was  fo  qualified  ;  provided 
 that  the  faid  Congregation,  or  Place  of  meeting  hath  been 
 before  fuch  officiating,  duly  certified  and  regifter'd  or  re- 
 corded according  to  the  faid  Aft:  And  fuch  Preacher  or 
 Teacher  fhall,  if  required,  produce  a  Certificate  of  his 
 having  fo  qualified  himfelf,  under  the  hand  of  the  Clerk  of 
 the  Peace  for  the  County  or  Place  where  he  ib  qualified 
 himfelf,  which  Certificate  fuch  Clerk  of  the  Peace  is  hereby 
 required  to  make ;  and  fhall  alfo  before  any  Tuftice  of  the 
 Peace  of  fuch  County,  or  Place  where  he  fhall  fo  officiate, 
 make  and  iiibferibe  fuch  Declaration,  and  take  fuch  Oaths 
 s  .  are  mentioned  in  the  faid  Act,  if  thereunto  required. 
 
 And  be  it  further  enacted  by  the  Authority  aforefaid,  That 
 on  or  before  the  fifteenth  Day  of  June  next,  all  Advocates, 
 Writers  to  the  Signet,  Notaries  Publick,  and  other  Members 
 of  the  College  of  Juftice,  within  that  Part  of  her  Majefty's 
 
 Kingdom 
 
APPENDIX.  521 
 
 Kingdom  of  Great  Britain  called  Scotland,  fhall  be,  and  are 
 hereby  obliged  to  take  and  fubfcribe  the  Oath  appointed  by 
 the  Act  of  the  fixth  year  of  her  Majefty's  Reign,  entituled, 
 An  Act  for  the  better  Security  of  her  Majefty's  Perfon  and 
 Government,  before  the  Lords  of  Seflion  of  the  aforefaid 
 part  of  her  Majefty's  Kingdom,  except  fuch  of  the  faid 
 Perfons  who  have  already  taken  the  fame  :  And  if  any  of 
 the  Perfons  aforefaid  do,  or  fhall  neglect  or  refufe  to  take 
 and  fubfcribe  the  faid  Oath,  as  aforefaid,  fuch  Perfon  fhall 
 be,  Ipfo  facto,  adjudged  incapable,  and  difabled  in  Law  to 
 have,  enjoy,  or  exercife  in  any  manner  his  faid  Employ- 
 ment or  Practice. 
 
 And  be  it  further  enacted  by  the  Authority  aforefaid, 
 that  in  all  time  coming,  no  Perfon  or  Perfons  fhall  be  ad- 
 mitted to  the  employment  of  Advocate,  Writer  to  the  Sig- 
 net, Notary  Publick,  or  any  Office  belonging  to  the  faid 
 College  of  Juftice,  until  he  or  they  have  taken  and  fubfcri- 
 bed  the  aforefaid  Oath,  in  manner  as  is  above  directed. 
 
 Numb.     III. 
 
 The  Schifm  Act,  entituled,  An  Act  to  prevent  the  Growth 
 of  Schifm,  and  for  the  further  Security  of  the  Churches 
 of  England  and  Ireland,  as  by  Law  eftablifhed. 
 
 WHEREAS  by  an  Act  of  Parliament  made  in  the  nth  2. 
 thirteenth  and  fourteenth  Years  of  his  late  Majefty  Anne. 
 King  Charles  the  Second,  entituled,  "  An  Act  for  the 
 "  Uniformity  of  Publick  Prayers,  and  Adminiftration  of 
 4f  Sacraments,  and  other  Rites  and  Ceremonies  ;  and  for 
 *'  eftablifhing  the  Form  of  Making,  Ordaining,  and  Con- 
 "  fecrating  Bifhops,  Priefts,  and  Deacons,  in  the  Church  of 
 "  England,"  it  is  amongft  other  things  enacted,  that  every 
 School- M after  keeping  any  publick  or  private  School ;  and 
 every  Perfon  inftructing  or  teaching  any  Youth  in  any 
 Houle  or  private  Family,  as  a  Tutor  or  School-mafter,  fhould 
 fubfcribe  before  his  or  their  refpective  Archbifhop,  Bifhop, 
 or  Ordinary  of  the  Diocefe,  a  Declaration  or  Acknowledg- 
 ment, in  which,  amongft  other  things,  was  contained,  as 
 follows,  viz.  "  I  A.  B.  do  declare,  that  I  will  conform  to  the 
 "  Liturgy  of  the  Church  of  England,  as  it  is  now  by  Law 
 "  eftablifhed  ;"  and  if  any  School-Mafter  or  other  Perfon, 
 inftructing  or  teaching  Youth  in  any  private  Houfe  or  Fa- 
 mily, 
 
522  APPENDIX. 
 
 mily,  as  a  Tutor  or  School- M after,  before  Licence  obtain- 
 ed from  his  refpective  Archbifhop,  Bifhop,  or  Ordinary  of 
 the  Diocefe,  according  to  the   Laws   and  Statutes   of  this 
 Realm,  for  which   he  mould  pay  twelve  Pence  only,    and 
 before   fuch  Subfcription   and    acknowledgment    made,  as 
 aforefaid,  then  every   fuch   School  -Mafter  and  other,  in- 
 ftructing  and  teaching,  as  aforefaid,  fhould,  for  the  firft  of 
 fence,  fuffer  three  Months  imprifonment,  without  Bail  cr 
 Mainprize  ;  and  for  every   fecond  and  other  fuch  offence 
 fhould    fuffer  three  Months  imprifonment  without  Bail  or 
 Mainprize,    and  alfo  forfeit  to  his  Majefty  the  fum   of  five 
 Pounds.     And  whereas  notwithftanding  the  faid  Act,  fundry 
 Papifts,  and   other  Perfons  diffenting  from  the  Church  of 
 England,  have  taken  upon  them  to  inftrutt  and  teach  Youth 
 as  Tutors  or  School-Mafters,    and  have   for  fuch  purpofe 
 openly  fet  up  Schools  and  Seminaries,  whereby,  if  due  and 
 fpeedy  remedy  be  not  had,  great  danger  might  enfue  to  this 
 Church   and  State  :  For  the  making  the  faid   recited  A6t 
 more  effectual,  and   preventing  the  danger  aforefaid,  Be  it 
 enacted   by  the  Queen's   mod  excellent  Majefty,  by  and 
 with  the   advice   and  confent  of  the    Lord's  Spiritual  and 
 Temporal,  and  Commons  in  this  prefent  Parliament  affem- 
 bled,  and  by  the  Authority  of  the  fame,  that  every  Perfon 
 or  Perfons  who  fhall,  from  and  after  the  firft  Day  of  Auguft 
 next  enfuing,  keep  any  publick  or  private  School  or  Semi- 
 nary,, or  teach  and   inftruct  any  Youth  as  Tutor  or  School- 
 Mafter,  within  that   part   of  Great-Britain  called  England, 
 the  Dominion  of  Wales,  or  Town  of  Berwick  upon  Tweed, 
 before  fuch  Perfon  or  Perfons  fhall  have  fubferibed  fo  much 
 of  the  faid   Declaration  and  Acknowledgment,  as  is  before 
 recited,  and   fhall   have   had  and   obtained  a  Licence  from 
 .the   refpective   Archbifhop,    Bifhop,   or  Ordinary  of  the 
 Place,    under  his  Seal   of  Office  (for  which  the  Party  fhall 
 pay  one  Shilling,    and    no  more,  over  and  above  the  Duties 
 payable    to  her  Majefty  for  the  fame)   and  fhall  be  thereof 
 lawfully  convicted,    upon  an  Information,  Prefentment,   or 
 Indictment,    in  any  of  her  Majefty's  Courts  of  Record  at 
 Weftminiter,   or  at  the  Affizes,  or  before  Juftices  of  Oyer 
 and  Terminer,  fhall,    and  may   be  committed  to  the  com- 
 mon Goal  of  fuch  County,   Riding,  City,  or  Town  Cor- 
 porate, as  aforefaid,  there  to  remain  without  Bail  or  Main- 
 prize  for  the  Space  of  three  Months,    to    commence  from 
 the   time  that  fuch  Perfon  or  Perfons  fhall  be  received  into 
 the  faid  Goal. 
 
 Provided 
 
APPENDIX.  52 
 
 Provided  always,  and  be  it  hereby  enacted,  that  no  Li- 
 cence fhall  be  granted  by  any  Archbifhop,  Bifhop,  or  Or- 
 dinary, unlefs  the  Perfon  or  Perfons  who  fhall  fuefor  the 
 fame,  fhall  produce  a  Certificate  of  his  or  their  having  re- 
 ceived the  Sacrament  according  to  the  ufage  of  the  Church 
 of  England,  in  fome  Parifh  Church,  within  the  Space  of 
 one  Year  next  before  the  Grant  of  fuch  Licence,  under 
 the  Hand  of  the  Minifter  and  one  of  the  Church -Wardens 
 of  the  faid  Parifh,  nor  until  fuch  Perfon  cr  Perfons  fhall 
 have  taken  and  fubfcribed  the  Oaths  of  Allegiance  and  Su- 
 premacy, and  Abjuration,  as  appointed  by  Law,  and  fhall 
 have  made  and  fubfcribed  the  Declaration  againff.  Tranfub- 
 flantiation,  contained  in  the  Act  made  in  the  twenty  fifth 
 Year  of  the  Reign  of  King  Charles  the  Second,  entituled, 
 w  An  Act  for  preventing  dangers  which  may  happen  from 
 "  Popifh  Recufants,"  before  the  faid  Archbifhop,  Bifhop, 
 or  Ordinary  ;  which  faid  Oaths  and  Declarations,  the  faid 
 Archbifhop,  Bifhop,  or  Ordinary,  are  hereby  impowered 
 and  required  to  adminifler  and  receive;  and  fuch  Archbi- 
 fhops,  Bifhops,  and  Ordinaries  are  required  to  file  fuch  Cer- 
 tificates, and  keep  an  exact  Regifter  of  the  fame,  and  of 
 the  taking  and  fubfcribing   fuch  Oaths  and  Declarations. 
 
 And  be  it  further  enacted  by  the  Authority  aforefaid,  that 
 any  Perfon  who  fhall  have  obtained  a  Licence,  and  fubfcri- 
 bed the  Declarations,  and  taken  and  fubfcribed  the  Oaths, 
 as  above  appointed,  and  fhall  at  any  time  after,  during  the 
 Time  of  his  or  their  keeping  any  pablick  or  private  School 
 or  Seminary,  or  inftructing  any  Youth  as  Tutor  or  School- 
 Mailer,  knowingly  or  willingly,  refort  to,  or  be  prefent  at 
 any  Conventicle,  AfTembly,  or  Meeting,  within  England, 
 Wales,  or  Town  o*7  Berwick  upon  Tweed,  for  the  exercife 
 of  Religion,  in  any  other  manner  than  according  to  the 
 Liturgy  and  Practice  of  the  Church  of  England,  or  fhall 
 knowingly  and  willingly  be  prefent  at  any  Meeting  or  Af- 
 fembly  for  the  exercife  of  Religion,  although  the  Liturgy 
 be  there  ufed,  where  her  Majefty  (whom  God  long  pre- 
 ferve)  and  the  Elector  of  Bruniwick,  or  fuch  others  as  fhall, 
 from  time  to  time,  be  lawfully  appointed  to  be  prayed  for, 
 jhall  not  there  be  prayed  for  in  exprefs  Words,  according 
 to  the  Liturgy  of  the  Church  of  England,  except  where 
 fuch  particular  Offices  of  the  Liturgy  are  ufed,  wherein 
 there  are  no  exprefs  Directions  to  pray  for  her  Majefty  and 
 the  Royal  Family,  fhall  be  liable  to  the  Penalties  in  this 
 Act,  and  fhall  from  thenceforth  be  incapable  of  keeping 
 any  publick  or  private  School  or  Seminary,  or  inftructing 
 any  Youth  as  Tutor  or  School-Mailer.  And 
 
524  APPENDIX. 
 
 And  be  it  further  enacted  by  the  Authority  aforefaid,  that 
 if  any  Perfon  licenfed,  as  aforefaid,  fhall  teach  any  other 
 Catechifm  than  the  Catechifm  fet  forth  in  the  Book  of 
 Common-prayer,  the  Licence  of  fuch  Perfon  fhall  from 
 thenceforth  be  void,  and  fuch  Perfon  fhall  be  liable  to  the 
 Penalties  of  this  Acl\ 
 
 And  be  it  further  enacted  by  the  authority  aforefaid,  that 
 it  fhall  and  may  be  lawful,  to  and  for  the  Bifhop  of  the 
 Diocefe,  or  other  proper  Ordinary,  to  cite  any  Perfon  or 
 Perfons  whatfoever,  keeping  School  or  Seminary,  or  teach- 
 ing without  Licence,  as  aforefaid,  and  to  proceed  againft, 
 and  punifh  fuch  Perfon  or  Perfons  by  Ecclefiaftical  Cenfure, 
 iabjecT:  to  fuch  Appeals  as  in  Cafes  of  ordinary  Jurifdiftion  ; 
 this  Act  or  any  other  Law  to  the  contrary  notwithstand- 
 ing- 
 
 Provided  always,  that  no  Perfon  offending  againft  this 
 Act  fhall  be  punifhed  twice  for  the  fame  Offence. 
 
 Provided  alfo,  that  where  any  Perfon  fhall  be  profecuted 
 without  Fraud  or  Covin  in  any  of  the  Courts  aforefaid,  for 
 any  Offence  contrary  to  this  Act,  the  fame  Perfon  fhall  not 
 be  afterwards  profecuted  for  the  fame  offence  in  any  of  the 
 faid  Courts,  whilft  fuch  former  Profecution  fhall  be  pending 
 and  carried  on  without  any  wilful  delay  ;  and  in  cafe  of  any 
 fuch  After  profecution,  the  Perfon  fo  doubly  profecuted 
 may  alledge,  plead,  or  fhew  forth  in  his  defence  againft  the 
 fame,  fuch  former  Profecution  pending,  or  Judgment,  or 
 Sentence  thereupon  given,  the  faid  Pleader  firft  making 
 Oath  before  the  Judge  or  Judges  of  the  Court  where  fuch 
 After-profecution  fhall  be  pending,  and  which  faid  Oath 
 he  or  they  are  hereby  impowered  and  required  to  admini- 
 iter,  that  the  faid  Prior-profecution  was  not  commenced  or 
 carried  on  by  his  means,  or  with  his  confent  or  procure- 
 ment, or  by  any  Fraud  or  Coilufion  of  any  other  Perfon  to 
 his  Knowledge  or  Belief. 
 
 Provided  always,  that  this  Act,  or  any  thing  therein 
 contained,  fhall  not  extend,  or  be  conftrued  to  extend  to 
 any  Tutor  teaching  or  inftructing  Youth  in  any  College 
 or  Hall,  within  either  of  the  Univerfities  of  that  part  of 
 Great  Britain  called  England,  nor  to  any  Tutor  who  fhall 
 be  employed  by  any  Nobleman  or  Noblewoman,  to  teach 
 his  or  her  own  Children,  Grand-children,  or  Gieat  Grand- 
 children only,  in  his  or  her  Family  ;  provided  fuch  Tutor,  fo 
 teaching  in  any  Nobleman  or  Noblewoman's  Family,  do  in 
 every  refpect  qualify  himfelf  according  to  this  Act,  except 
 cply  in   that  of  taking  a  Licence  from  the  Bifhop. 
 
 Provided, 
 
APPENDIX.  $%$ 
 
 Provided  alfo,  That  the  penalties  in  this  Aft  fhall  not  ex- 
 tend to  any  foreigner,  or  alien  of  the  foreign  reformed 
 Churches,  allowed,  or  to  be  allowed  by  the  Queen's  Majeftv, 
 her  Heirs  or  Succeffors  in  England,  for  inftrucling  or  teach- 
 ing anv  Child  or  Children  of  any  fuch  Foreign  or  Alien  only, 
 as  a  Tutor  or  School-Mafter. 
 
 Provided  always,  and  be  it  further  enafted  by  the  Au- 
 thoritv  aforefaid,  That  if  any  Perfon  who  fhall  have  been 
 convicted,  as  aforefaid,  and  thereby  made  incapable  to 
 teach  or  inftrucl  any  Youth,  as  aforefaid,  mail,  after  fuch 
 Conviction,  conform  to  the  Church  ol  England  for  the 
 fpace  of  one  Year,  without  having  been  preient  at  any 
 Conventicle,  Aflembly,  or  Meeting,  as  aforefaid,  and  re- 
 ceive the  Sacrament  of  the  Lord's  Supper,  according  to 
 the  Rites  and  Ufage  of  the  Church  of  England,  at  leafl: 
 three  Times  in  that  Year,  every  fuch  Perfon  or  Perfons 
 mail  be  again  capable  of  having  and  ufing  a  Licence  to 
 teach  School,  or  to  inftrucl  Youth  as  a  Tutor  or  School- 
 Mafter,  he  or  they  alfo  performing  all  that  is  made  requi- 
 fite  thereunto  by  this  Acl:. 
 
 Provided  alfo,  and  be  it  further  enafled,  That  every 
 fuch  Perfon  fo  convicted,  and  afterwards  conforming,  in 
 manner  as  aforefaid,  fhall,  at  the  next  Term  after  his  be- 
 ing admitted  to,  or  taking  upon  him  to  teach,  or  inftrucl 
 Youth,  as  aforefaid,  make  Oath  in  writing,  in  fome  one 
 of  her  Majefty's  Courts  at  Weftminfter,  in  publick  and 
 open  Court,  or  at  the  next  Quarter  SeiTions  for  that  Coun- 
 ty or  Place  where  he  fhall  refide,  between  the  Hours  of 
 nine  and  twelve  in  the  Forenoon,  That  he  hath  conform- 
 ed to  the  Church  of  England,  for  the  fpace  of  one  year 
 before  fuch  his  Admiflion,  without  having  been  prefent  at 
 any  Conventicle,  Affembly  or  Meeting,  as  aforefaid,°and  that 
 he  hath  received  the  Sacrament  of  the  Lord's  Supper  at  lead 
 three  times  in  the  year,  which  Oath  fhall  be  there  enrolled, 
 and  kept  upon  Record. 
 
 Provided  always,  That  this  A£t  fhall  not  extend,  or  be 
 conftrued  to  extend  to  any  Perfon,  who  as  a  Tutor  or  School- 
 Mafter,  fhall  inftrucl  Youth  in  Reading,  Writing,  Arith- 
 metick,  or  any  part  of  Mathematical  Learning  only,  fo  far 
 as  fuch  Mathematical  Learning  relates  to  Navigation,  or 
 any  Mechanical ,  Art  only,  and  fo  as  fuch  Reading,  Wri- 
 ting, Arithmetick,  or  Mathematical  Learning,  fhall  be  taught 
 in  the  Englifh  Tongue  only. 
 
 And  whereas  by  an  Acl:  of  Parliament  made  in  Ireland, 
 in  the  feventeenth  and  eighteenth  years  of  his  faid  late  Ma- 
 
 jefty 
 
5*6  APPENDIX. 
 
 jefly  King  Charles  the  fecond,  entituled,  "  An  Act  for  the 
 *'  Uniformity  of  Publick  Prayers,  and  Adminiflration  of 
 *'  the  Sacraments,  and  other  Rites  and  Ceremonies  ;  and 
 **  for  eflablifhing  the  Form  of  Making,  Ordaining,  and 
 *'  Confecrating  of  Bifhops,  Priefls,  and  Deacons  in  the 
 "  Church  of  Ireland  ;"  It  is  enacted  concerning  School- 
 Maflers,  and  other  Perfons  inftructing  Youth  in  private  Fa- 
 milies in  Ireland,  as  in  and  by  the  above  recited  Act  is  en- 
 acted concerning  School-Matters  and  others  inftructing 
 Youth  in  private  Families,  in  that  part  of  Great- Britain 
 called  England.  And  whereas  it  is  reafonable,  that  where 
 the  Law  is  the  fame,  the  remedy  and  means  for  enforcing 
 the  Execution  of  the  Law  mould  be  the  fame  ;  Be  it  there- 
 fore enacted  by  the  Authority  aforefaid,  That  all  and  every 
 the  Remedies,  Provifions,  and  Claufes,  in  and  by  this  Act 
 given,  made,  and  enacted,  (hall  extend,  and  be  deemed, 
 conflrued,  and  adjudged,  to  extend  to  Ireland,  in  as  full 
 and  effectual  manner  as  if  Ireland  had  been  exprefly  named 
 and  mentioned  in  all  and  every  the  Claufes  in  this  Act. 
 
 Numb.     IV. 
 
 The  Repeal,  entituled,  An  A£t  for  Strengthen- 
 ing the  Proteflant  Intereft  in  thefe  Kingdoms. 
 
 5thofK.      xxjHEREAS  an  Act  of  Parliament  was  made  in  the 
 tenth  year  of  the  Reign  of  the  late  Queen  Anne,  [en- 
 
 Geoi^e  I. 
 
 w 
 
 10  Anns,      tituled,    "   An    Act   for   preserving  the  Proteflant  Religi- 
 eap.  2.  "  on  by^belter  fecuring  the  Church  of  England  as  by  Law 
 
 "  eflablifhed,  and  for  confirming  the  Toleration  granted  to 
 "  Proteflant  DifTenters,  by  an  Act,  [entituled,  An  Act  for 
 "  exempting  their  Majefly's  Proteflant  Subjects  diflenting 
 "  from  the  Church  of  England  from  the  Penalties  of  cer- 
 "  tain  Laws  ;]  and  for  fupplying  the  defects  thereof,  and  for 
 u  the  further  fecuring  the  Proteflant  Succeffion,  by  requi* 
 "  ring  the  Practifers  of  the  Law  in  North-Britain  to  take 
 u  the  Oaths,  and  fubferibe  the  Declaration  therein  men- 
 "  Honed.]"  And  whereas  part  of  the  faid  Act;  as  alfo  an- 
 other Act  hereinafter  mentioned,  have  been  found  to  be 
 inconvenient;  Be  it  therefore  enacted  by  the  King's  moft 
 excellent  Majefly,  by  and  with  the  advice  of  the  Lords 
 Spiritual  and  Temporal,  and  Commons  in  Parliament  af- 
 fembled,  and  by  the  Authority   of  the  fame,  that  the  faid 
 
 recited 
 
APPENDIX  527 
 
 recited  A£t  parted  in   the   tenth  year  of  the  late  Queen 
 Anne,  from  the  beginning  thereof  to  thefe  Words    ["And  Partoftiie 
 *'  it  is  hereby  further  ena£ted  and  declared,  by  the  Autho-  Aft  10  A. 
 *'  rity  aforefaid,  that  the  Toleration  granted  to  Proteftant  caP-  *• 
 "  DifTenters."]      And  alfo  one  Acl  made  in   the  twelfth  gchirm  A<a 
 year  of    the  Reign  of  the   late    Queen   Anne,    entituled,  ofihe  12  th 
 4*   [An  A6f.  to  prevent  the  growth  of  Schifm,  and  for  the  of  A.  Stat. 
 "  further  fecurity  of  the  Churches  of  England  and  Ireland  nia"b'ere- 
 "  as  by  Law  eflablifhed,"]  fhall  be,  and  are  hereby  repeal-  pealed. 
 ed,  annulled,  and  made  void. 
 
 Provided  always,  and   be  it  enacted    by   the  Authority  Mayor, 
 aforefaid,  That  if  any  Mayor,  Bailiff,  or  other  Magift rate,  *c,t"[ort" 
 in   that  part  of  Great- Britain  called  England,  the  Domi-  Conventicle 
 nion  of  Wales,  or  Town  of  Berwick  upon  Tweed,  or  the  with  the 
 Ifles  of    Jerfey  or  Guernfey,  fhall   knowingly  or  willingly  {^qJ^ 
 refort  to,  or  be  prefent  at  any  publick  Meeting  for  Religi-  difabied  to 
 ous  Worfhip,  other  than  of  the  Church  of  England  as  by  hold  any 
 Law  eflablifhed,  in  the  Gown,    or  other  peculiar  Habit,  Q^k 
 or  attended  with  the  Enfign  or  Enfigns  of,  or  belonging 
 to  fuch  his  Office,  that  every  fuch  Mayor,  Bailiff,  or  other 
 Magiftrate,  being  thereof  convicted  by  due  Courfe  of  Law, 
 mail  be    difabled  to  hold  fuch  Office  or  Offices,  Employ- 
 ment or  Employments,  and  fhall  be  adjudged   incapable  to 
 bear  any  publick  Office  or  Employment  whatfoever  within 
 that  part  of  Great-Britain  called   England,  the  Dominion 
 of  Wales,  and  Town  of  Berwick  upon  Tweed,  or  Ifles  of 
 Jerfey  and  Guernfey. 
 
 INDEX. 
 
I 
 
 D   E  X. 
 
 A. 
 
 BHORRERS.     See  Petitioners. 
 Allein,  Mr.  Jofeph,    his   Sufferings,    Death   and 
 
 Character,  Page  349. 
 Anabaptifts  Addrefs  to  King  Charles  II.  as  men- 
 tioned by  Lord  Clarendon,    168.     The  Truth 
 of  it  queftion'd,  169.     Their  Condition  at  the 
 Reftoration,  227.     They  difown  Venner's  In- 
 furre&ion,  259.    Their  Sufferings,  261.    Their  Addrefs  to  King 
 James,  461. 
 Annefley,  Dr.  his  Sufferings,  420. 
 
 Army,  Englifhj  their  Progrefs  in  Scotland,  51.  Quarrel  between 
 them  and  the  Parliament,  60.  Remarks,  61.  They  depofe 
 Richard,  178.  And  reftore  the  Rump  Parliament,  179.  Their 
 Petition,  183.  See  Parliament.  Behaviour  of  the  Officers, 
 205. 
 Afh,  Mr.  Simeon,  his  death  and  character,  312. 
 Affembly  of   Epifcopal  and  Prefbyterian  Divines,  to  perufe  the 
 
 King's  Declaration,  24 r. 
 Affociation  to  ftand  by  the  Prince  of  Orange,  486. 
 Affociations  of  Minifters  in  the  Country,  76.     Good  Effe&s  of 
 them,  ibid.     Not  cOuntenanc'd  by  the  London  Prefbyteriansj 
 
 77- 
 Augmentation.     See  Livings; 
 
 B. 
 
 BAmpfield,  Mr.  his  Sufferings,  424. 
 Baptifts.     See  Anabaptifts.     Bate,  Dr.  309; 
 Barebone's  Parliament.     See  Little  Parliament. 
 
 Vol.  IV.  '        L  1  Baxter, 
 
53o  INDEX. 
 
 Baxter,  Mr.'refufes  the  Bifhoprick  of  Hereford,  p,  250.  His  Be- 
 haviour in  the  Savoy  Conference,  276,  277.  He  and  the  others 
 imprifon'd,  344.  Apprehended  again,  379.  His  farther  Suf- 
 ferings, 392.  Heisfeverely  perfecuted,  418.  Again  in  Prifon, 
 428.  His  Trial,  and  fcurrilous  Treatment  from  Jefferies, 
 438,  439. 
 
 Biddle,  Mr.  the  Socinian,  fome  Account  of  him,  121. 
 
 Bifhops  fend  to  the  King  at  Breda,  with  Inftructions,  215.  The 
 old  iurviving  ones  at  the  Reftoration,  226.  Translations  of, 
 ibid.  New  ones  created,  ibid.  Their  Views,  227.  Abftract 
 of  their  Reply  to  the  Prefbyterians  Propofals  for  a  Comprehen- 
 fion,  237.  Their  Behaviour,  251.  They  are  reftor'd  to  their 
 Seats  in  Parliament,  266.  Their  farther  Behaviour,  315,  338. 
 Several  of  them  refufe  to  publifli  King  James's  Declaration, 
 477.  Their  Addrefs,  and  the  King's  Anfwer,  ibid.  Seven  of 
 them  fent  to  the  Tower,  478.  But  acquitted,  ibid.  They  court 
 the  Diffenters,  479.  Remarks,  481.  Their  Advice  to  King 
 James,  484.  Some  of  them  refufe  the  Oaths  to  King  William 
 and  Queen  Mary.  493. 
 
 Blake,  Admiral,  his  Actions  in  the  Mediterranean,  118.  He  de- 
 flroys  the  Spanifh  Galleons,  150.  His  death  and  character, 
 ibid.  Remarkable  Story  of  him,  151.  His  Body  dug  up, 
 290. 
 
 Blafphemous  Opinions,  Ordinance  againfl,  36. 
 
 Bolton,  Dr.  Samuel,  his  death  and  character,  116. 
 
 Booth,  Sir  George,  his  Infurrection,   184. 
 
 Bofton,  Joan,  her  hard  Ufage,  380. 
 
 Bowles,  Mr.  Edward,  his  death  and  character,  312. 
 
 Bradfhaw  Serjeant  his  Declaration  to  Cromwell  about  his  diflblving 
 the  Parliament,  63. 
 
 Bridge,  Mr.  William,  his  death  and  character,  359. 
 
 Brownrigge,  Bifhop,  his  Death,  206. 
 
 Buckingham,  Duke  of,  his  Speech  for  a  Toleration,  346. 
 
 Burges,  Dr.  Cornelius,  his  death  and  character,  332. 
 
 Burnet,  Bifhop  of  the  feveral  Parties,  in  Charles  the  Second's 
 Reign.  337,  338.  ■ 
 
 Bury,  Mr.  Edward,  his  Sufferings,  416. 
 
 Bufhnel,  Mr.  ejected,  103. 
 
 C. 
 
 CAbal,  their  character,  358.     Their    Projects   to  make  the 
 King  abfolute,  361.    They  are  attack'd  by  the  Parliament, 
 380. 
 Calamy,  Mr.  fent  to  Newgate,  but  foon  releas'd,  322.     His  death 
 
 and  character,  333. 
 Cambridge  Addrefs,  412.     Privileges  of  the  Univerfity  invaded. 
 
 456. 
 Cameronians  in  Scotland,  433. 
 Capel,  Mr.  Richard,  his  death  and  character,  142. 
 
 Carter, 
 
INDEX.  531 
 
 Carter,  Mr.  William,  his  death,  p   176. 
 
 Caryl,  Mr   Jofeph,  his  death  and  chafafter,   370. 
 
 Cafe,  Mr.  Thomas,  his  death  and  character,  4 1 8. 
 
 Caftaires,  Mr.  tortur'd,  421. 
 
 Caftlemain,  Earl  of,  his  Cenfure  of  the  Church's  perfecting  the 
 Diftenters,  431. 
 
 Catechifing  recommended,   120. 
 
 Cathedrals,  Vacancies  in  them  filPd  up,   2iy 
 
 Cavaliers      See  Royalifts. 
 
 Cawton,  Mr  Thomas,  King  Charles's  Letter  to  him,  197.     H13 
 Death,  207. 
 
 Chambres,  Dr.  Humphrey,  his  deah,  311. 
 
 Charles,  II.  Scots  Treay  with  him  in  Holland,  22.  Conditi- 
 ons of  it,  28.  He  arrives  in  Scotland,  ibid.  Is  crown'd 
 there,  41.  His  Oath,  ibid.  He  fign?  the  Covenant  and  a  De- 
 claration, 42.  Remarks,  43.  He  marches  into  England  with 
 the  Scots  Army,  51.  Preparations  of  the  Parliament  againft 
 him,  52.  He  marches  his  Army  to  Worcefter,  53.  Is  de- 
 feated by  Cromwell,  ibid.  Efcapes  into  France,  54.  He  ne- 
 gle&s  the  Prefbyterians  and  turns  his  Eyes  towards  the  Papifts, 
 ibid.  Plots  in  his  Favour,  82,  87,  159  Addrefs  of  the  Ana- 
 baptifts  to  him,  168.  The  Truth  of  which  is  queftionM,  ibid* 
 He  abjures  the  Proteftant  Religion  at  the  Pyrenees,  196. 
 Proofs  of  his  being  a  Papift  before,  ibid.  But  he  denies  it  to 
 foreign  Proteftants,  197.  His  Letter  to  the  Reverend  Mr.  Caw* 
 ton,  ibid.  French  Minifters  employed  to  write  that  he  is  a 
 Proteftant,  198.  Extract  of  his  Letter  to  the  Houfe  of  Com- 
 mons, 199.  Steps  towards  his  Reftoration,  200.  Terms  on 
 which  the  Scots  and  Englifh  Prefbyterians  would  reftore  him, 
 209.  Remarks,  210.  General  Monk  correfponds  with  him, 
 212.  His  Declaration  from  Breda,  213.  He  is  invited  home 
 without  any  Terms,  ibid.  Owing  in  part  to  Lord  Clarendon, 
 214.  A  Deputation  of  Lords  and  Commons  with  fome  Mi- 
 nifters, wait  on  him  at  Breda,  ibid.  The  Bifhops  fend  to  him 
 with  Inftru&ions,  215  He  lands,  and  rides  through  the  City 
 to  Whitehall,  218.  His  Views,  232.  Abftrad  of  his  Decla- 
 ration concerning  Ecclefiaftical  Affairs,  242.  Opinion  of  fome- 
 Churchmen  concerning  it,  244.  Acceptable  to  moft  of  the 
 Prefbyterians,  249.  Rejected  by  the  Houfe  of  Commons,  25 1* 
 Remarks,  ibid.  His  Marriage,  264.  Made  a  Praemunire  to 
 call  him  a  Papift,  266.  His  Speech  to  his  Parliament,  ibid. 
 His  pretended  Zeal  for  the  Hierarchy,  288.  His  concern  for 
 the  Papifts,  289.  His  Declaration  concerning  Indulgence,  318. 
 His  Speech  to  Parliament  in  fupport  of  it,  320.  He  moves 
 for  a  general  Toleration,  337.  His  Management  with  the 
 DhTenters,  345.  His  Defign  of  governing  abfolutely,  358. 
 His  new  Declaration  of  Indulgence,  363.  He  gives  it  up,  373. 
 Is  difpleafed  with  his  Parliament,  363.  And  pubhffies  a  fevere 
 Order  againft  the  Diftenters,  464.  His  arbitrary  Government, 
 L  1  2  and 
 
S32 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 and  Declaration  about  Parliaments,  p  411.     His  order  for  per- 
 fecuting  the  Diffenters,  413.     His  Death  and  Character,  434, 
 
 435-  , 
 Chan  ock,  Mr.  Stephen,  his  death  and  chara&er,  408. 
 
 Charters  taken  away,  417.     Remarks,  418. 
 
 Cheynel,  Dr.  his  death,  332. 
 
 Church  of  England,  it-  low  Condition.  54,  Reftored,  221,226. 
 It  applies  to  the  Diffente.s  for  Affiitance  in  King  James's 
 Reign,  462,  4-9.     Remarks,  481. 
 
 Clarendon,  Lord,  his  high  Principles,  and  Attachment  to  the  Bi- 
 fnops,  231.  His  Speech  to  the  Parliament,  267.  Promotes 
 the  Act  of  Uniformity,  302.  His  Speech  againft  the  Non- 
 Conformifts,  328.     His  Fall,  335.     His  Character,  336. 
 
 Clarke,  Mr.  Samuel,  his  death,  and  character,  419. 
 
 Clarkfon,  Mr.  David,  his  death  and  character,   469. 
 
 Clergy,  iheir  forwardnefs,  216.  Sequefter'd  Clergy  reftored,  222. 
 A£k  for  it,  252.  Their  Behaviour  and  Character,  314,  315, 
 316. 
 
 Clergymen  belonging  to  Cathedrals,  whofe  OfRces  were  abolifhed, 
 Provifion  for  their  Maintenance,  37. 
 
 College,  Stephen,  executed,  413. 
 
 Cbjlyer,  Mr.  of,  302. 
 
 Collins,  Mr.  John,  his  death  and  character,  471. 
 
 Committee  of  Safety,   186. 
 
 Common-Prayer.     See  Liturgy. 
 
 Commonwealth  Government  fet  up,  13.  Remarks  upon  it,  14. 
 Oppofed  by  the  Levellers,  ibid.  And  by  the  Scots,  15.  Scot- 
 land united  to  it,  55.  Their  Power  and  wife  Conducl,  56.  Far- 
 ther Account  of  their  Character,  64.     See  Parliament. 
 
 Commonwealth  Party.     See  Republicans. 
 
 Comprehension,  Preihytcnans  addrefs  for  it,  232.  Their  Propo- 
 fals  towards  it,  233.  They  are  difappointed,  236,  240,  251. 
 Another  Projeft  for  it,  334.  Abftract  of  the  Propofals,  ibid. 
 Quafh'd  by  the  Bifhops,  344.  Farther  fi'uitlefs  Attempts  for 
 it,  378.  Attempt  in  Parliament  for  it,  404,  405.  Remarks, 
 501,  5.03. 
 
 Conformity,  low  Terms  of,  under  the  Commonwealth  Govern- 
 ment, 34.  The  Terms  of  it  by  the  Aft  of  Uniformity,  299. 
 Higher  than  before  the  Civil  Wars,  300. 
 
 Conllitution  given  up  and  deftroyed,  428. 
 
 Conventicle  Act,  324.  Sad  Confequences  of  it  to  Minifters  and 
 People,  32^.  The  Aft  revived,  349.  Additional  Claufes,  351. 
 Remarks,  ibid. 
 
 Convention  Parliament  in  1660,  212.  They  invite  the  King 
 home  without  any  Terms,  213.  They  are  tunTd  into  a  Par- 
 liament, 2iq.  They  avow  the  Juftice  of  the  Civil  War,  ibid. 
 They  give  up  every  Thing  the  Court  delires,  220.  Remarks, 
 ibid.     They  are  difiblved,  ibid. 
 
 Conven 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Convention  Parliament  in  168S,  489.  They  offer  the  Crown  to 
 the  Pnnce  and  Princefs  of  Orange,  ibid.  Turned  into  a  Parlia- 
 ment, 49  j .     Their  Proceedings,  496. 
 
 Convocation  meets,  280.  Ordered  to  review  the  Liturgy,  281. 
 The  Alterations  they  made  in  it.  z8a,  &c. 
 
 Convocation,  in  King  William's  Reign,  their  Proceedings,  501. 
 r!  heir  Difaffeclion,  ibid. 
 
 Corbet,  Mr.  Edward,  his  Death  and  Character,  158. 
 
 Corniih,   Alderman,  executed,  441. 
 
 Corporation  Aft,  268.     Remarks,  ibid. 
 
 Cofins,  Bifhop,  his  Behaviour  in  the  Savoy  Conference,  277.  Re- 
 markable Paflage  in  his  Will,  315. 
 
 Council  of  State,  anew  one  chofen,  56.  Difmiffed  by  Crom* 
 wel,  63. 
 
 Court  of  King  Charles  II.  their  Views  with  refpeft  to  a  Compre- 
 hension, or  Toleration,  231.  Their  Behaviour,  251.  Their 
 Licentioufnefs,  346.  Their  Proceeding*  to  eftablifh  arbitrary 
 Power,  383.  A  Bill  in  the  Houfe  of  Lords  for  that  Purpofe, 
 ibid.     It  is  dropt,  384. 
 
 Cranford,  Mr  James,  his  Death,      58. 
 
 Crofton.  Mr.  his  Sufferings,  252. 
 
 Cromwel,  Oliver,  reduces  Ireland,  16.  His  rapid  Succefs,  ibid. 
 He  and  his  Army  petition  for  a  Toleration,  ig.  He  marches 
 againll;  the  ccots,  29.  Defeats  them  in  the  Battle  of  Dunbar, 
 30.  Invites  the  Scots  Minifters  to  return  to  their  Churches, 
 ibid.  His  Letter  to  the  Governor  of  Edinburgh  Caflle,  31. 
 Miniiters  Reply,  and  his  Anfwer,  32.  His  Reply  to  the  Go- 
 vernor's Complaint,  ibid.  Extracts  of  more  Letters,  33,  ibid. 
 He  is  chofen  Chancellor  of  Oxford,  34.  His  Letter  to  the  Uni- 
 verfity  thereupon,  ibid.  Progrefs  of  his  Army  in  Scotland,  51. 
 He  defeats  the  King  at  Worceiter,  53.  His  Letter  to  the  Par-, 
 liament,  ibid.  He  and  his  Army  quarrel  with  the  Parliament, 
 60.  Remarks,  61.  Adviies  with  feveral  about  a  new  form  of 
 Government,  ibid.  His  ambitious  Defigns,  ibid.  He  forcibly 
 diffolves  the  Long  Parliament,  62.  Difmiffes  the  Council  of 
 State,  63.  Remarks,  64.  He  and  his  Council  of  Officers 
 affume  the  Government,  65.  His  Form  of  Summons  for  a  new 
 Parliament,  66.  His  firil  Parliament,  call'd  the  little  Parlia- 
 ment, ibid.  He  is  declar'd  Protestor  by  the  Council  of  Officers, 
 69.  His  Inftalment,  71.  His  Oath,  ibid.  Remarks,  72,  73. 
 Mr.  Baxter's  Teftimony  to  his  Government,  76.  His  firlt 
 Council,  ibid.  State  of  the  Nation  at  his  affuming  the  Pro- 
 .orlhip,  78.  His  Grandeur  and  wife  Management,  ibid.  He 
 gives  Peace  to  the  Dutch,  79.  His  high  Reputation  among  fo- 
 reign Nations,  ibid.  French  Ambaffador's  Speech  to  him,  ibid. 
 His  domeltick  Enemies,  80.  His  Management  of  the  Cavaliers, 
 ibid.  Of  the  Prelhyterians,  ibid.  Of  the  Republicans,  ibid. 
 His  Friends,  81.  Remarks,  ibid.  He  incorporates  Scotland 
 and  Ireland  with  England,  80.  Plot  of  the  Royalifts  againft 
 L  1   3  him, 
 
 533 
 
534 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 him,  p.  83.     He  executes  the  Portugeze  Ambaflador's  Brother, 
 
 84.  Calls  a  new  Parliament,  and   goes  in  State  to  the  Houfe, 
 ibid.     His  Speech  to  them,  84.     His  fecond  Speech  to  them, 
 
 85.  He  appoints  them  a  Recognition  of  the  Government,  86. 
 He  diflblves  them,  ibid.      Republicans  plot  againft  him,  87. 
 And  the   Royalifts,  ibid      His   Vigilance,  88.     And   Severity 
 againft  the  Royalifts  by  Decimation,  ibid.     He  is  for  univer- 
 fal  Liberty  of  Confcience,  92.     Extract  of  his   Speech  to  his 
 Parliament,  to  that  Purpofe,  ibid.     Bates's  Teftimony  to  it,  93. 
 He  is  for  encouraging  Learning,   no.     Appoints  new  Vifitors 
 for  the  Univerfities,  ibid.     His  Zeal  for  the  Proteftant  Religion, 
 112.      His  Letter  to  the  Prince  of  Tarente.  ibid.     He  appoints 
 Major  Generals,   n8.     Enters   into  an  Alliance  with  France, 
 ibid.     Sends  Blake  into  the  Mediterranean,  ibid.     Publifhes  a 
 fevere   Ordinance    againft    the    old    fequefter'd    Clergy,     122. 
 But  is  willing  to  difpenfe  with  it,  ibid.     Rtafons  of  his  Seve- 
 rity againft  the  Papifts,   123.     He  is  for  encouraging  the  Jews, 
 124.     He  aflifts  the  Proteftants  in  the  Valleys,   126.     His  Let- 
 ter to  the  Duke  of  Savoy,  127.     He  calls  a  new  Parliament, 
 131.     Aflifts    the  Proteftants  of  Nifmes,   140.     His  Letter  to 
 Cardinal  Mazarine  ibid.      Debates    about  giving  him  the  Title 
 of  King,   143.     His  Reafons  for  declining  it,   144.     Remarks, 
 ibid.     The  Tide  of  Prote&or  confirmed    to  him,   146.     His 
 fecond  Inftalment,   148.     His  Grandeur  and  wife   Adminiftra- 
 tion,   149.     His  Treaty  with  France,   150.     He  conftitutes  an 
 Upper  Houfe  of  Parliament,   151.      His   Speech  at  the  Dif- 
 folution  of  the   Parliament,   153.     He  purges  the  Army,   154. 
 And  projects  an   Union   of  the  whole  Reformed  Intereft,  ibid. 
 Peligns  his  Chancellorfhip  of  Oxford,   1  56.     Appoints  his  Son 
 Henry  Lord  Lieutenant  of  Ireland,  ibid.     His  only  remaining 
 Defcendants,  ibid.     Succefs  of  his  Arms  abroad,   159.     Plot  of 
 the  Fifth  Monarchy  Men  and  of  the  Cavaliers  againft  him,  160. 
 His   Sicknefs,   168.     His  laft  Prayer,  ibid.      His   Death   and 
 Burial,  170.     His  Character,   171.     As   a  Soldier,   172.     As 
 a  States-Mau,  ibid      His  publick  Character,  ibid.     His  Reli- 
 gion and  moral  Character,  ibid.     His  Enthufiafm,   173.     Ob- 
 jections againft  him  confidered,  ibid.     In  relation  to  his  Diffi- 
 mulation,  Ambition,  and  Cruelty,   174.     Sum  of  his  Character, 
 175.     Panegyrical  Poems  on  him,  ibid.     His   Body  taken  up 
 after  the  Reftoration,  253. 
 
 Cromu.el,  Henry,  appointed  by  his  Father  Lieutenat  of  Ireland, 
 156.  Some  Account  of  him  and  his  Family,  ibid.  His  Letter 
 to  his  Brother  Richard,  179.  His  Letter  to  Fleetwoot,  181. 
 More  Letters  of  his,   182,  255, 
 
 Cromwel,  Richard,  chofen  Chancellor  of  Oxford,  1 56,  Pro- 
 clam  'd  Protector,  177.  Calls  a  Parliament,  ibid.  Oblig'd  by 
 the  Army  to  diffolve  them,  1 78.  He  is  depofed  by  the  Army, 
 ibid.  He  quietly  refigns  the  Protectorfhip,  1 84.  He  refigns, 
 his  Chancellorfhip  and  abfconds,    218.      His  character,  ibid. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 D. 
 
 D Anger  of  the  Church,  cry  of,  p.  386. 
 Dangerfield's  Plot,  398.     Proceedings  againft  him  in  King 
 James's  Reign,  437. 
 
 Dead  Bodies  of  the  mod  confiderable  Perfons  in  Cromwel's  and 
 the  Parliament's  Time  dug  up,  254. 
 
 Delaune,  Mr.  his  Sufferings,  423. 
 
 Derby,  Earl  of,  defeated,  53. 
 
 De  Wits  murder'd,  368. 
 
 Difpenfing  Power,  Arguments  for  and  againft  it,  371.  The  Com- 
 mons vote  againft  it,  372.  The  DifTenters  renounce  it,  460. 
 Exercifed  by  King  James,  II,  464.  Declar'd  legal  by  the  Judges, 
 
 447- 
 
 DifTenters,  Proteftant  [See  more  under  Non-ConformiftJ  Bill  for 
 their  Eafe,  373.  It  mifcarries,  374.  Severity  of  the  Court 
 againft  them  revived,  373.  Their  Sufferings,  380,  &c.  Bill 
 for  eafing  them  withdrawn  by  the  Clerk,  406.  Proceedings, 
 thereupon  in  the  next  Parliament,  409.  Their  Perfecution  re- 
 vived by  order  of  the  King  and  Council,  413.  Treatifes  in 
 Favour  of  them,  414.  Their  farther  Sufferings,  416.  Their 
 Perfecution  compared  with  that  of  the  Reformers  in  Queen 
 Mary's  Reign,  431.  The  Perfecution  revived  againft  them 
 in  King  James's  Reign,  438.  Some  turn  from  the  Church  to 
 them,  442.  Progrefs  of  the  Perfecution  againft  them,  ibid. 
 Their  Methods  to  conceal  their  Meetings,  443.  Reafonsof 
 their  not  writing  againft  Popery,  445.  They  have  Liberty  by 
 means  of  the  Difpenfing  Power,  446.  They  are  carefs'd  by  the 
 Court,  447.  The  end  of  their  Profecution  by  the  Penal  Laws, 
 448.  Computation  of  the  Number  of  Sufferers,  and  Eftimate 
 of  the  Damages,  fuftain'd  by  them,  450.  Reafons  of  their 
 Numbers  not  decreasing,  451.  A  Commiffion  of  Enquiry  into 
 their  Loffes  from  the  Church  Party,  452.  They  are  courted  by 
 both  King  and  Church,  45*7.  Admitted  to  ferve  Offices,  460. 
 But  will  not  generally  acknowledge  the  Difpenfing  Power, 
 ibid.  Addreffes  of  fome  of  them,  461.  They  are  jealous  of 
 the  King's  Conduft,  462.  The  Church  applies  to  them  for  Af- 
 fiftance,  with  Affurances  of  Favour  in  better  Times,  463.  Prince 
 of  Orange's  Advice  to  them,  ibid.  Remarks,  ibid.  Letter  to 
 them,  464.  Reafons  of  their  not  being  for  abrogating  the  Penal 
 Laws  at  this  Time,  467.  They  are  courted  by  the  Bifhops  in 
 their  Diftrefs,  with  fair  Promifes,  479.  Remarks,  481.  Con- 
 dud  of  the  Tories  towards  them  lince  the  Revolution,  505. 
 
 Dunbar,  Battle  of,  30. 
 
 Dunkirk  delivered  to  the  Englifh,  159.  Remarkable  Story  of 
 Cromwel  in  relation  to  it,  ibid.  Sold  to  the  French  by  King 
 Charles  II.  294. 
 
 Dutch  War  under  the  Long  Parliament,  60.  Cromwel  puts  an  End 
 to  it,  78. 
 
 L  1  4  Dutch 
 
 535 
 
536  INDEX, 
 
 Dutch  War  in  Charles  the  Second's  time,  p.  326.    The    fecond, 
 
 362.     Ended,  380. 
 Dutch,  their  Country  over-run  by  the  French,  368. 
 
 Cclefiaftical  Commiffion  erected,  449. 
 Ecclefiaftical  Commiffion,  to  prepare  Materials  for  a  Bill  of 
 Comprehenfion,  453.  Names  of  the  Commiffioners,  454. 
 Their  Powers,  456.  Difpute  about  the  Legality  of  their  Com- 
 miffion, 498.  Reafons  againft  Alterations  in  the  Liturgy,  499. 
 And  for  them,  ibid.     Proceedings  of  the  Commiffioners,  500. 
 
 Edinburgh  Cafde  furrender,  33. 
 
 Ljected  Minifters,  their  Sufferings,  309.  See  Minifters.  Names 
 of  thofe  who  furvived  the  Revolution,  506,  507. 
 
 Engagement,  a  new  Oath  to  the  Commonwealth,  eftablifhed,  18, 
 Enforced,  19.  To  be  taken  by  the  whole  Nation,  ibid.  Re- 
 fus'd  by  the  Prefbyterians,  20.  Cavaliers  and  Sectarians  take 
 it,  ibid.  Reafons  againft  it  and  for  it,  ibid.  Tender'd  to  the 
 Univerlities,   34. 
 
 Epifcopacy,  State  of,  before  the  Reftoration,  193.  Reftor'd  in 
 Scotland,  284,  335.  Againft  the  King's  Mind,  ibid.  Re- 
 ftor'd in  Ireland,  287-  Abolifh'd  in  Scotland,  502,  503.  Which 
 creates  Diffiafeclion  to  the  Government,  ibid.  And  totheEng- 
 hfh  Diffenters,   504- 
 
 Epifccpaiians  tolerated  by  Cromwel,  73. 
 
 Exchequer  (hut  up,   361. 
 
 Exclufion  Bill  brought  in,  398.     Brought  in  again,  404.     Again, 
 
 4^9- 
 
 F. 
 
 vAlfe  News,  Proclamation  againft  fpreading  it,  369. 
 Field  Convenricles,  434. 
 Fifth-Monarchy    Men.     See   Republicans.       Their  Plot  againft 
 
 Cromwel,   159.     Their  Infurreclion  after  the  Reftoration,  258. 
 
 Confequences,    ibid.      Difowned    by  the  Independants,    259. 
 
 By  the  Baptifts,  260.      And  by  the  Quakers,  ibid. 
 Fire  of  London,  332.     Produces  a  Sort  of  Liberty  to  the  Non- 
 Con  formifts,  333. 
 Fit-: -Harris's  Sham  Plot,  410.     He  is  executed,  411. 
 Five-Mile  A6i  againft  Non-Conformift  Minilters,  329. 
 Fleetwood,  Lieutenant  General,  for  depofing  Richard,  178.  Henry 
 
 -Cromwel's  Letter  to  him,    181.     His  death,   183. 
 Fox,  George,  an  Account  of  him,  38.     His  Sufferings,  39.    He 
 
 is  ioined  by  others,  40. 
 French  Ambaflador's  Speech  to  the  Protector,  79. 
 French,  their  Conquefts,  339.     They  declare  War  with  the  Dutch, 
 
 and  over  r.in  their  Country,  368. 
 French  Minifters  employ 'd  to  write  that  King  Charles  is  a  Proteftant, 
 
 } 98,  199.     Their  Conduct  after  the  Reftoration,  288. 
 
 Funda? 
 
INDEX.  537 
 
 Fundamentals  of  Religion,  Attempts  to  fettle  them,  p.  89. 
 Committee  to  draw  them  up,  ibid.  The  Articles,  go.  Re- 
 marks, 92. 
 
 G. 
 
 GAle,  Mr.  Theophilus,  his  death,  and  character,   397. 
 Gataker,  Mr.  Thomas,  his  death  and  Character,   114. 
 Gauden,  Bifhop,  his  Behaviour  in  the  Savoy  Conference,  278. 
 Gaunt,  Mrs.  burnt,  441. 
 Gerhard  and  Vowel  executed,  83. 
 Goodwin,  Mr.  John,  his  Book  burnt,   2:;6. 
 Goodwin,  Dr.  Thomas,  his  death  and  character,  400, 
 Govan,  Captain,  executed  in  Scotland,  286. 
 Government,  Remarks  on    the  Change   of  it,  upon   Cromwell's 
 
 turning  out  the  Long  Parliament,  64. 
 Gouge,  Dr.  William,  his  death  and  character,  77. 
 Gouge,  Mr.  Thomas,  his  death  and  character,  416. 
 Gunning,  Bifhop,  his  Behaviour  in  the  Savoy  Conference,  278. 
 
 His  Zeal  againrr.  the  Non-Conformifts,  354. 
 Guthrie,  Mr.  executed  in  Scotland,  s86. 
 
 H. 
 
 HAckfton,  his  execution  and  invincible  courage,  434. 
 Hxretico  Comburendo,  the  Act  De,  repealed,  474. 
 Hall,  Bifhop,  his  death  and  character,  141. 
 Harris,  Dr.  John,  his  death,  175. 
 Harris,  Dr.  Robert,  his  death,  176. 
 
 Heads  and  Fellows  of  Colleges  reftor'd,  220,  221,  222,  223. 
 Henry,  Mr.  Philip,  his  Sufferings,  416. 
 Herle,  Mr.  Charles,  his  death,  207. 
 
 Hewet,  Dr.  his  Trial,  160.     He  is  condemned  and  executed,  161. 
 High  Church  Clergy,  their  Character,  315.     Their  Conduct,  ibid. 
 Hill,  Dr.  Thomas,  his  death,  78. 
 Houfe  and  Field  Conventicles  in  Scotland,  434. 
 Hughes,  Mr.  George,  his  death  and  Character,  339. 
 Humble  Petition  and  Advice,  145.     Article  relating  to  Religion 
 ink,  ibid.     Remarks,   147. 
 
 I. 
 
 Ackfon,  Mr.  Arthur,  his  Death,  334. 
 Jacomb,  Di.  Thomas,  his  death  and  character,  470. 
 Jamaica  taken  from  the  Spaniard?,  1 19. 
 James  II.  his  firft  Speech  to  the  Privy  Council,  436,  ibid.     Uni- 
 verfuies  AddrefTes  to  him,  ibid.     And  the   Quakers,  ibid.     He 
 begins  his  Reign  with  arbitrary  and  fevere  Methods,  ibid.    His 
 Severity  towards  his  Enemies,  437.     Meets  his  Parliament,  ibid. 
 His  fevere  Profecution  of  the  Whigs,  441.     His  Speech  to  his 
 
 Par- 
 
53$  INDEX. 
 
 Parliament,  p.  442.  An  open  War  between  him  and  the 
 Church,  446.  He  careffes  the  Diflenters,  447.  Erefts  an  Ec- 
 clefiaftical  Commiffion,  453.  His  (landing  Army,  454.  He 
 invades  the  Privileges  of  the  Univerfities,  456.  He  courts,  the 
 Diflenters,  457.  His  Speech  in  Council  for  Liberty  of  Con  • 
 fcience,  ibid.  His  Declaration  of  Indulgence,  459.  Remarks 
 460.  He  goes  a  Progrefs,  466.  Changes  the  Magiftrates  in 
 Corporations,  467.  Goes  into  rafh  and  violent  Meafures,  468. 
 Attempts  to  convert  the  Princefs  of  Orange  to  Popery,  471. 
 Attempts  the  Prince,  473.  His  Queen  declared  to  be  with 
 Child,  474.  His  fecond  Declaration  for  Liberty  of  Confcience, 
 475.  His  anfvver  to  the  Bifhops,  478.  Remarks,  ibid.  Suf- 
 pe&ed  Birth  of  the  Prince  of  Wales,  481.  He  has  Intelli- 
 gence of  the  Prince  of  Orange's  Expedition,  483.  His  Pro- 
 ceedings upon  it,  ibid.  He  applies  to  the  Bifhops,  but  wavers, 
 484.  His  Preparations  againft  the  Prince  of  Orange,  485.  He 
 leaves  the  Kingdom,  487. 
 Janeway,  Mr.  James,  his  death  and  Character,  379 
 January  30,  Aft  for  the  annual  Obfervation  of  it,  253. 
 Jeanes,  Mr.  Henry,  his  death  and  character,  311. 
 Jefferies,  his  Cruelties  in  the  Weft,  440.     He  is  taken  and  fent  to 
 
 the  Tower,  486. 
 Jenkins,  Mr.  William,  his  Sufferings  and  Death,  430. 
 jews,  the  Proteftor  for  encouraging  and  admitting  them,   124. 
 
 Arguments  for  and  againft  it,  ibid.     Remarks,   125. 
 Indemnity,  Aft  of,  publifhed  by  the  Long  Parliament,  $6. 
 Independants,  Friends  to  the  Proteftor,  81.     They  hold  a  Synod, 
 and   agree  upon  a    Confeffion  of  Faith,   161,   162.     Abftraft 
 of  it,    163.     Of   their  Difcipline,  Independency   of  Churches, 
 Ordina  ion  of   Pallors,    and   their   limitted    Jurifdiftion,     164. 
 Their  opinion  of  Synods  and  Councils,  and  of  occafional  Com- 
 munion, 165.     Their  Sentiments  of  Liberty,  ibid.     Remarks, 
 1 66.     Monks  Letter  to  them,  201.     Their    Behaviour  againft 
 Monk  and  the  Prefbyterians,  204.     Their  Rife,  and  reiblute 
 Progrefs  through  the  War,  205.     Their  State  at  the  Reftoration, 
 226.  They  difovvn  Venner's  Infurreftion,  258.     Their  Addrefs 
 to  King  James,  569. 
 Indians,  Corporation   for  the  Propagation  of  the  Gofpel  among 
 
 them,  25. 
 Indulgence,  Non-Conformifts  petition  for  it,  317.  King  Charles's 
 Declaration  concerning  it,  318.  Supported  by  his  Speech  to 
 the  Parliament,  320.  Addrefs  of  the  Commons  againft  it,  ibid 
 Remarks,  321.  The  King  moves  for  a  general  Indulgence* 
 337.  The  Parliament  petitions  againft  it,  ibid.  Another  Pro- 
 jeft  for  a  general  Indulgence,  and  how  it  was  refented,  345. 
 A  new  Declaration  of  Indulgence,  363.  Non-Conformifts  not 
 forward  to  accept  it  by  the  Difpenfing  Power,  365.  King 
 James's  Declaration  of  Indulgence,  458.     His  fecond  Decla- 
 
 tion 
 
INDEX.  539 
 
 tion  for  it,  p.  475.     Appointed  to  be  read  in  all  Churches,  476. 
 
 With  which  fome  of  the  Bifhops  comply,  ibid.     And  others  re- 
 
 fufe,  478.    Confequences  of  it, ibid. 
 Informers  againft  the  Diffenters,  389.     Their  method,  ibid.  Their 
 
 infamous  Lives  and  Death,  390.     They  are  encouraged  by  the 
 
 Court,  ibid.    And  by  the  Bifhops,  ibid. 
 Inftrumeut  of  Government,  for  the  Proteclor,  Abftrafl  of  it,  69. 
 
 Articles  relating  to  Religion,  70,  Remarks,  72. 
 Johnfon,  Mr.  his  Addrefs  to  the  Proteftant  Officers  in  King  James's 
 
 Army,  and  his  Sufferings  on  that  account,    455. 
 Ireland  reduc'd  by  Cromwel,   16.     Summary  account  of  the  State 
 
 of  it,   1 7.  Ordinance   for  encouraging  Religion  and    Learning 
 
 there,  25.     It  is  incorporated  with  England,  82.  Popery  revives 
 
 there,   256.     Epifcopacy  reftored  there,  257.  Condition  of  that 
 
 Kingdom  in    King  James's  Reign,  455. 
 Ireton,  Lieutenant  General,   his  Death  and  Character,  57.  . 
 
 K. 
 
 KING,  Debates  about  the   Title  of,  143      The  Protector's 
 Reafons  for  declining  it,  144.    Remarks,  ibid. 
 King's  Judges,    Attainder  of,  253.  Trials  of  thofe  that  fuffer'd, 
 254.  Their  Execution,  ibid.    Remarks,  255.  Execution  of  more 
 of  them,  294. 
 Kirk  of  Scotland,  its  low  Condition,  5c.  Infulted,  56.     Courted 
 
 by  General  Monk,  201       Reftored,  505,  &c. 
 Kirk's   cruelty  in  the  Weft,  440. 
 
 L. 
 
 LAmbert,  Colonel,  imprifon'd  in  the  Ifle  of  Jerfey,  253,  294. 
 Langley,  Mr.  John,  his  Death,  157. 
 Law  Suits,  Attempts  to  regulate  them,  59. 
 Laws,  Motion  for  tranflating  them  into  Englifh,   37. 
 Lenthall,  Mr.  Reprimanded  by  the  Speaker,  219. 
 L'Eftrange,  Sir  Roger,    account  of  him,    386. 
 Letter  to  a  DifTenter,  by  the  Marquis  of  Hallifax,  464. 
 Levellers  oppofe  the  new  Commonwealth,  14.     They  are  difpers'd, 
 
 Ley,  Mr.  John,  his  Death  and  Character,  310. 
 
 Libels,  feditious.    Ordinance  againft,   26. 
 
 Liberty  of  Confcience  fettled  in  Scotland,  $5.     Voted  by  Crom- 
 
 wel's  Litde  Parliament,  6".     Eftablifhed  by  his  Inftrument  of 
 
 Government,  70.     King  James'sSpeech  in  Council  for  it,  457. 
 
 See  Indulgence. 
 Licenfe,  King  Charles's  to  a  Non-Conformift  Minifter,  Copy  of, 
 
 366.  Margin. 
 Lifie,  Lady,  her  Cafe,  440. 
 Little  Parliament,  cal'fd  by  Cromwel,  66.     Their  Proceedings,  68, 
 
 Sec.  They  refign  their  Authority  to  Cromwel,  70. 
 Liturgy  reftor'd,   221.     Review'd,   280.     Alterations  made  in  it, 
 
 281.     Other  Additions  to  it,  283      Sent  up  amended  to  the 
 
 King 
 
54o  INDEX. 
 
 King  and  Council,  and  Houfe  of  Peers,  ibid.  Farther  Al- 
 terations in  it  propos'd,  341. 
 
 Livings,  poor  ones,  Augmentation  of,  by  Tithes  and  Firfl  Fruits, 
 24.  Ordinance  for  uniting  fmall  ones,  and  dividing  greater,  109. 
 
 London,  its  Charter  taken  away,  417. 
 
 London  Cafes  publiflfd,  426. 
 
 London,  Bifnop  of,  fufpendeed,  456. 
 
 Lord's  Day,  Ordinance  for  a  ftrifter  Obfervation  of  it,  36.  An- 
 other, 138. 
 
 Love,  Mr.  his  Trial,  42.  The  Evidence  againft  him,  45.  His 
 Defence,  46  A  remarkable  Incident  relating  to  him,  49.  His 
 Speech  on  the  Scaffold,  ibid.  His  Execution  and  Character,  ibid. 
 
 Love,  Alderman,  in  the  Name  of  the  Diffenters,  renounces  the 
 Difpenfing  Power,  372. 
 
 Low'jL'hurch  Clergy,  their  Character,  316.  x 
 
 Ludlow,  Major-General,  taken  into  Cuftody,    131. 
 
 M. 
 
 'Accail,  Mr.  his  Sufferings  and  laft  Words,  433. 
 Magdalen  College,  Oxford,  its  Privileges  invaded,  457. 
 
 Magiftrates,  Contefts  about  Election  of,  417. 
 
 Major  Generals  appointed,   108. 
 
 Manton,  Dr.  his  Death  and  Character,  392. 
 
 Marriages,  Ordinance  in  relation  to  them,  168.  Act  for  confirm- 
 ing them,  253. 
 
 Marfhall,  Mr.  Stephen,  his  Death  and  Character,  129.  His  Body 
 dug  up,  291. 
 
 Marvel,  Mr.  Andrew,  writes  againft  Parker,  346. 
 
 Mary,  Queen,  Diifenting  Minifters  Addrefs  to  her,  49:.  Her 
 Anfwer,  493. 
 
 Mafs  Houfes  pulled  down,  486. 
 
 May  29,   Aft  for  the  Anniverfary  Observation  of,  256. 
 
 May,  Thomas,  Efq;  his  Body  dug  up,  291. 
 
 Meal  Tub  Plot,  398. 
 
 Meetings,  feparate,  Pamphlets  in  favour  of,  309. 
 
 Merchants,  Committee  of,  appointed  by  Cromwel,  for  promoting 
 Trade,  1 19. 
 
 Merchants  Lefture  at  Pinners-Hall,  the  beginning  of  it,  369. 
 
 Milton's  Books  burnt,    256.     Flis  Death  and  Character,  351. 
 
 Minifters  forbid  to  meddle  in  Politicks,  27,  Commiflioners  for 
 Approbation  of  Minifters,  193,  194.  See  Tryers.  Ordi- 
 nance for  ejecting  fcandalous  Minifters,  100.  Inftructions  of 
 rhe  Commiflioners,  101.  Objections  againft  it,  102.  Commif- 
 iioners  for  Wales,  104,  &C.     See  Wales. 
 
 Minifters.  Prefhyterian,  wait  on  the  King  a  Breda,  214.  Their 
 Addrefs  and  Reception,  ibid. 
 
 Minifters, 
 
INDE  X. 
 
 Minifters,  Non-Conformifts,  fovne  of  them  quit  their  Livings,  304. 
 Ejected  by  the  Act  of  Uniformity,  305.  Their  Hardihips 
 greater  than  the  Papifts  at  the  Reformation,  ibid.  And  than  the 
 Loyalists  in  the  Time  of  the  Civil  War,  306.  Comparifon  be- 
 tween them  and  the  new  Preachers,  307.  The  Condition  of 
 others,  308.  Dodor  Bates's  Account,  309.  Their  Sufferings, 
 ibid.  Mr.  Baxter's  Account,  ibid.  Other  Accounts,  310.  They 
 venture  to  preach  publickly  during  the  Plague,  which  brings 
 them  under  farther  Hardihips,  327.  Some  few  of  them  take 
 the  Oath  in  the  Five-mile  Aft,  330.  The  Generality  'refufe  it, 
 and  go  into  Banifhment,  331.  Their  Names  regifter'd  in  ;he 
 Bifnops  Courts  ibid.  Their  Diftrefs,  352.  Their  Addrefs  to 
 the  Prince  of  Orange,  488.  Their  Addrefs  to  him  after  he  was 
 made  King,  493.     And  to  Queen  Mary,  493. 
 
 Monarchy  turn'd  into  a  Commonwealth,  13. 
 
 Monk,  General,  reduces  Scotland,  55.  He  marches  into  Eng- 
 land for  a  Free  Parliament,  186.  Continues  his  March,  187. 
 Abjures  the  King,  and  fvvears  to  be  true  to  the  Commonwealth, 
 ibid.  Reenters  the  City,  ibid.  Pulls  down  the  Gates,  but  is 
 reconciled,  188.  He  reftores  the  fecluded  Members,  189.  His 
 Character,  191.  His  Letter  to  the  Independants,  201.  His 
 Letter  to  the  Parliament,  202.  He  courts  the  Prefbyterians,  203. 
 And  the  Scots  Kirk,  204.     He  correfponds  with  the  King,  21 2. 
 
 Monmouth's  Rebellion,  439.  Affe&s  the  Diffenters,  440.  Ex- 
 ecutions in  the  Weft  on  account  of  it,  ibid. 
 
 Montrofs,   Marquis  of,  executed,  28. 
 
 Moreton,  Bihhop,  his  Vindication,  167. 
 
 Morley,  Bifhop,  his  Behaviour  in  the  Savoy  Conference,  277. 
 
 N. 
 
 N  AG's  Head  Club,    Story  of,   167.     Confuted,  168. 
 Nation,  State  of,  when  Cromwel  aflum'dthe  Government, 
 78.     Unhappy    State  of,  in  Charles  the  Second's  Reign,  339, 
 391.     State  of,  atKinu  James  the  Second's  Acceffion,  436. 
 
 Naylor,   James,  Account  of  him,   135.     His  Sufferings,  137. 
 
 Newcomen,  Mr  Matthew,  his  Death,  348. 
 
 Nimeguen,  Peace  of,  394. 
 
 Nifmes,  the  Protector  affifts  the  Proteftants  there,  1 26. 
 
 Non  Conformifts,  the  beginning  of  their  Perfecuclion,  252.  Me- 
 thods for  that  Purpofe,  ibid."  Their  Hardihips  before  the  Aft 
 of  Uniformity,  272.  Their  Sufferings  after,  276.  Their 
 Views,  313  They  petition  for  Indulgence,  317.  Their 
 Hardftiips  from  the  Conventicle  Aft,  324.  Their  cautious 
 Conduct,  321;.  They  fet  up  Meetings,  333.  Project  of  a 
 Comprehenfion  for  them,  340.  Propofals  of  an  Indulgence 
 for  fuch  as  could  not  be  comprehended,  ibid.  The  Perfection 
 againft  them  reviv'd,  344.  Methods  of  it,  352.  They  are 
 not  forward  to  accept  of  an  Indulgence  by  the  difpenfing  Power, 
 
 365. 
 
 54* 
 
542  INDEX. 
 
 p.  365.  Summary  of  the  Penal  Laws  againft  them,  377; 
 Attempts  for  an  Accommodation  fruftraredby  the  Bifhops,  382. 
 People  begin  to  companionate  their  Sufferings,  ibid.  Their 
 Principles  and  Practices,  388  Pamphlets  publifhed  in  their  Dei- 
 fence,  389.  See  more  under  Diflenters 
 /        Non  Conformift  Minifters.     See  Minifters. 
 
 Non-Jurors,  their  Rife,   494-     Their  Practices,  499. 
 
 Non-fubfcribing  Loyalifts,  Aft  for  Relief  of,  324. 
 
 Nye,  Mr.  Philip,  his  Death  and  Character,  370. 
 
 O. 
 
 OAtes,  Titus,  Proceedings  againft  him  for  Perjury,  437. 
 Occafional  Conformity,  Rife  of,  322. 
 
 Occafional  Conformity  Bill,  524.     Appendix,  No.   II. 
 
 Orange,  Prince  of,  made  Stadtholder,  368.  His  Bravery,  and 
 Succefs  againft  the  French,  ibid.  His  Marriage  with  the  Prin- 
 cefsMary,  392.  His  Advice  to  the  Diuenters,  489.  His  Re- 
 ply to  King  James  about  the  Penal  Laws  and  Teft,  473.  His 
 Expedition,  484..  His  Declaration,  ibid.  His  Progrefs,  486. 
 His  Anfwer  to  the  DifTenting  Minifters  Addrefs,  489.  He  and 
 his  Princefs  proclaim'd  King  and  Queen,  490.  Remarks,  ibid. 
 See  William. 
 
 Orange,  Princefs  of,  King  James  endeavours  to  convert  her  to  Po- 
 pery, 471.     Her  Reply,  472.     See    Mary. 
 
 Ordinance  againft  feditious  Libels,  26.  For  taking  away  the  Pe- 
 nal Laws,  35.  For  fuppreffing  Vice  and  Prophanenefs,  ibid. 
 Againft  blafphemous  Opinions,  39.  For  a  ftricter  Obfervation 
 of  the  Lord's  Day,  ibid.  In  relation  to  Marriages,  68.  For 
 appointing  Commffiioners  for  Approbation  of  publick  Preach- 
 ers, 93.  For  ejecting  fcandalous  Minifters,  100.  Objections 
 againft  it,  93.  For  uniting  fmall  Livings,  and  dividing  great- 
 er, 109.  Againft  the  old  fequefter'd  Clergy,  122.  Againft  Pa- 
 pifts,   138. 
 
 Owen,  Dr.  John,  his  Death  and  Character,  426. 
 
 Oxford  Decree,  423. 
 
 Oxford  Parliament,  409. 
 
 Oxford,  Heads  of  Colleges  there,  fend  to  the  Prince  of  Orange 
 and  fign  the  Afibciation,  486. 
 
 P. 
 
 >Apifts,  Reafons  of  the  Protector's  Severity  againft  them,  123. 
 Ordinance  againft  them,  138.  Their  Oath,  ibid.  Their 
 Expectations  at  the  Reftoration,  228.  They  declare  their  Prin- 
 ciples, 289.  Their  farther  Views,  314.  The  Commons  ad- 
 drefs the  King  againft  them,  374.  Their  Infolence,  384.  Act 
 to  difqualify  them  to  fit  in  Parliament,  396.  Many  of  them 
 in  King  James's  Army,  469. 
 
 Parker,   Bifhop,  writes  for  the  Court,  469. 
 
 Parliament,  new  Model  of,  in  Cromwel's,  Inftrument  of  Govera- 
 ment,  69.  Parlia- 
 
INDEX.  543 
 
 Parliament,  called  the  Rump  Parliament,  fet  up  a  Commonwealth 
 Government,  p.  13.  Their  Meafures  to  fupport  their  Authority, 
 31.  They  vindicate  their  Proceedings,  22.  State  of  Reli- 
 gion under  them,  27.  Their  Preparations  againft  the  King  and 
 the  Scots  Army,  52.  They  publiih  an  Aft  of  Indemnity,  and 
 chufeanew  Council  of  State,  56.  Their  War  with  the  Dutch, 
 60.  Quarrel  between  them  and  the  Army,  ibid.  Cromwei 
 diffolves  them  by  Force,  62.  Their  Charafter,  64.  They  are 
 reftor'd,  179.  Turn'd  out  again,  184.  Reftor'd  again,  186. 
 The  fecluded  Members  reftor'd  by  Monk,  189.  Proceedings  of 
 the  Parliament  thereupon,  190.  They  reftore  Prefbytery,  ibid. 
 They  diffolve  themfelves,  192. 
 
 Parliament,  Cromwel'sfirfl,  called  the  Little  Parliament.  See  Little. 
 
 Parliament,  Cromwel's  fecond,  83.  His  Speech  to  them,  84. 
 Their  Proceedings,  85.  The  Proteftor's  fecond  Speech  to  them, 
 ibid.  A  Teft,  or  Recognition  appointed  them,  86.  Their  far- 
 ther Proceedings,  ibid.  They  are  diflblved,  ibid.  The  Pro- 
 teftor's Speech  at  their  Diflblution,  87. 
 
 Parliament,  Cromwel's  third,  131.  They  are  oblig'd  to  recog- 
 nize the  Government,  132.  Their  Afts,  133.  Their  farther 
 Proceedings,  138,  &c.  An  Upper  Houfe  appointed,  141.  Bad 
 Confequences  of  it,   152.     They  are  diflblved.  158. 
 
 Parliament,  Richard  Cromwel's,  177.  The  Army  compel  him  to 
 diflblve  them,   178. 
 
 Parliament,  King  Charles's  firft.     See  Convention. 
 
 Parliament,  King  Charles's  fecond,  their  Charafter,  264.  Their 
 Afts,  265,  &c.  A  farther  account  of  them  upon  pafling  the 
 Aft  of  Uniformity,  295,  302,  314.  They  begin  to  open  their 
 Eyes,  and  vote  againft  the  Difpenfing  Power,  371,  372.  They 
 addrefs  the  King  againft  Papifts,  374,  380.     They  are  diflblved, 
 
 396- 
 Parliament,  King  Charles's  third,  398.    They  bring  in  the  Bill  of 
 
 Excluflon,  and  are  diflblved,  ibid. 
 Parliament,  King  Charles's  fourth,  their  Proceedings,  403.     They 
 
 bring  in  a  Bill  of  Excluflon  a  fecond  Time,   404.     Their  Votes,. 
 
 406.     They  are  diflblv'd,  ibid. 
 Parliament,  King  Charles's  fifth,  meets  at  Oxford,  409.     Revive 
 
 the  Bill  of  Excluflon,  and  their  farther  Proceedings,  ibid.  Arc 
 
 fuddenly  diflblv'd,  411. 
 Parliament,  King  James  the  Second's,  437.     Their  Proceedings, 
 
 ibid.     They  are  diflolved,  442. 
 Parliament,  King  William's.     See  Convention. 
 Parfons,  Mr.  his  Sufferings,  252. 
 Paflive- Obedience  and  Non-Refiftance  revived,  251. 
 Patrick,  Dr.  his  Friendly  Debate,  345.     A  remarkable  Inftance  of 
 
 his  Candor,  346. 
 Penal  Laws  taken  away  by  the  Rump  Parliament,  34,35.      King 
 
 Charles's  Parliament  petition  to  put  them  in  Execution,  337.     A 
 
 fummary  account  of  them,  377.    Confequences  of  them,  ibid. 
 
 Pen 
 
444  INDEX. 
 
 Pen  and  Mead,  their  Trial,  p.  355.     Injuftice  and  Cruelty  of  the 
 Court,  356.  The  Jury  tbreaten'd,  357.  They  axe  acquitted,  ibid. 
 Pern,  Mr.  Andrew,  his  Death  and  Character,  115. 
 Petitioners   and  Abhorrers,    389. 
 Piedmont,  Sufferings  of  the  Protcftants  there,    126.     They  are  af- 
 
 fifled  by  Cromwel,  ibid. 
 Plague,  the  great  One,  327. 
 Polyglott  Bible  publifhed,   155. 
 Fool,  Mr.  Matthew,  his  Death  and  Character,  400. 
 Popery  revives   in  England,     289.     And  in    Ireland,    256.     Its 
 Growth  in  England,  andCaufes  of  it,   360.     Remedies  propo- 
 fed  by  the  Parliament  againft  it,  ibid.     Its  Progrefs,  444.  Cler- 
 gy forbid  to  preach  againft   it,  ibid.     But  they  write  again  ft  it, 
 ibid.     Reafons  of    the    DifTenters  not  writing  againft  it,  445. 
 Popifh  Plot,  394      Alarms  the  Nation,  but  not  credited  at  Court, 
 
 395.     Remarks,  396. 
 Pordage,  Dr.  ejected,    102,  &c. 
 Portugueze  Ambaffador's  Brother  executed,  83. 
 Powell,  Mr.  Vavafor,  his  Sufferings,    Death  and  Character,  367. 
 Prefbyterian  Government  eftablifh'd,  24.     Endeavours  to  fupport 
 it,  89.     Reftor'd,    igi.     Abolifh'd     at  the    Reftoration,  221. 
 Reftor'd  in  Scotland,  504. 
 Prefbyterian  Plot  againft  the  Parliament,  43. 
 Prefbyterians,  their  Conduft  towards  the  Commonwealth  Govern- 
 ment, 17.     They    refufe  the    Engagement,    19.     Proceedings 
 againft  them,   33.     Their    State  under  Cromwel,   75.     Copies 
 of  Teflimonials  to  Minifters,  76.     They  are  Enemies  to  Crom- 
 wel's  Government,  86.     They  are  for  reftoring  the  King,  184. 
 They   are  in  full  PoffefTion    of  the  Nation,    192,     200.     Are 
 courted  by  Monk,  203.     Terms  on  which  they  would  reftore 
 *       the  King,  209.     Their  vain  Expectations  from  the  Court,  2 1 1 . 
 A  Deputation  of  their  Minifters  wait  on  the  King  at  Breda,  214. 
 Their  Minifters  made  King's  Chaplains,  220.  They  addrefs  for  a 
 Comprehenfion,    232.     Abftraft  of  their  firft  Paper  of  Propofab 
 233.      Their  Reception,  236.     Abftraft   of  their  Defence,  of 
 their    Propofals    againft    the    Bifhops,  239.     The  Beginning 
 of    their    Sufferings,     240.     The    apply  to    the  King,  241. 
 Abftracl   of   their  fecond  Paper   of  Exceptions  and   Requefts, 
 246.     The   King^s  Declaration  acceptable    to   moft   of  them, 
 249.       Some  accept  of    Preferments,     250.     They    are    in 
 Delpair  upon   the  Commons   rejecting  the  King's  Declaration, 
 251.     Their  Troubles,  261.     Sham  Plots   father'd  upon  them, 
 266,    322.       Their    Hardfhips     in  the     Savoy    Conference, 
 275.     They  defcend  to  Intreaties,     276.     Behaviour   of  their 
 Divines  in  the   Conference,  277.     Their  Hardfhips  before  the 
 Aft  of  UniVerfity,    284.     Their  Conduft  after  the  Aft,  303. 
 Their  DifH .  ulties,  ibid.     See  Non-Conformifls  and  DifTenters. 
 Protectant  Int  reft,  Union  of  it  projected   by  Cromwe1,  154.  Pro- 
 teftants  turned  out,  and  Papifts  put  into  Offices  by  K'flg  James, 
 46  D. 
 
 Pro- 
 
INDEX.  545 
 
 Provincial  AfTembly  of  London,  their  Proceedings,  p.   1 20. 
 Puritans,  the  Name  changed  into  that  of  Proteftant  Non-confor* 
 
 mills,  313. 
 Pym,  Mr.  his  Body  dug  up,  291. 
 
 Q. 
 
 QUakers,  their  Rife,  38.  Firft  call'd  by  that  Name,  and  why, 
 40.  Their  Behaviour,  41.  Their  Doclrines,  ibid.  Their 
 riiftory  continued,  134.  Their  Extravagancies,  135.  They 
 addrefs  King  Charles,  and  declare  their  Innocence,  260.  They 
 petition  for  a  Toleration,  292.  Acl  againft  them,  ibid.  Their 
 Sufferings,  251.  Their  Courage,  355.  Their  farther  Suffer- 
 ings, 416.  They  purge  themlelves  of  the  Rye-Houfe  Plot,  and 
 declare  their  Sufferings,  422.  Their  Addrefs  to  King  James 
 upon  his  Acceffion,  436.  A  Summary  Account  of  their  Suffer- 
 ings, 448,  449.  Their  Addrefs  of  Thanks  for  King  James's 
 Indulgence,  461. 
 Queen-Mother  at  Somerfet-Houfe,  293. 
 
 R. 
 
 RAlphfon,  Mr.  his  Sufferings,  425. 
 Recognition  of  the  Government  impos'd  by  Cromwel  upon 
 his  Parliament,  86. 
 
 Religion,  State  of,  under  the  Rump  Parliament,  27.  Articles 
 relating  to  it  in  Cromwel's  Inftrument  of  Government,  70  Af- 
 fairs of,  in  his  Time,  88.  Committee  to  draw  up  the  Funda- 
 mentals of  it,  89.  Article  relating  to  it  in  the  Humble  Peti- 
 tion and  Advice,   145.     State  of  it  after  the  Reftoration,  292. 
 
 Republicans,  two  Sorts  of,  and  Cromwel's  Management  of  them, 
 81.     They  plot  againft  hirn,  87. 
 
 Reftoration  of  King  Charles  II.  208,  &c.  Of  the  Times  before 
 it,  228.     Of  the  Times  after  it,  229. 
 
 Reynolds,  Bilhop,  his  Behaviour  in  the  Savoy  Conference,  278. 
 His  Death  and  Character,  391. 
 
 Rofewell,  Mr.  his  Trial,  429.     He  is  condemn'd,  but  pardon'd,    , 
 430. 
 
 Rowe,  Mr.  John,  his  Death  and  Chara&er,  393. 
 
 Royal  Family,  State  of,   113. 
 
 Royal  Society,  Original  of,   157. 
 
 Royalifts,  Cromwel's  Management  of  them,  80.  Their  Plots 
 againft  him,  82,  87,  160.  His  Severity  againft  them  by  De- 
 cimation, 88. 
 
 RufTel,  Lord,  beheaded,  421. 
 
 Rye-Houfe  Plot,  420.  Non-Conformifts,  charged  with  it,  421. 
 Quakers  purge  themfelves  of  it,  422. 
 
 S. 
 
 SAlkeild,  Mr.  his  Sufferings,  425. 
 Sandcroft,    Arch-Biftiop,  his  circular  Letter,  479. 
 Savoy  Confeflion.     See  Independants. 
 Vol.  IV.  M  m  Savoy 
 
546  INDEX. 
 
 Savoy,  Conference,  p.  269.  Names  of  the  Divines  on  both  Sides, 
 270,  271.  Opening  of  the  Conference,  ibid.  Hardfhipc  of 
 the  Prefbyterians  in  it,  272.  Proceedings  of  the  CommilTion- 
 ers,  273.  A  Difputation  propofed,  .bid.  The  Subject  of  it, 
 274.  Remaiks,  276.  The  Prefbyterians  defcend  to  Intreaties, 
 ibid.  Behaviour  of  the  Comrmfhoners,  277.  Of  the  Difpu- 
 .  tants,  278.  Of  the  Auditors,  ibid.  Cenfures  of  the  Confe- 
 rence, 279. 
 
 Schifm  Bill,  505.  Repeal'd  by  Kin?  George  I.  See  Appendix, 
 No.  III.  and  JV. 
 
 Scotland,  Frcgrefs  of  the  Englifh  Army  there,  29,  51.  Ent'rely 
 redue'd  by  Monk,  and  united  ro  the  Commonwealth  of  Eng- 
 land, 55.  Low  Condition  of  the  Kirk,  there,  ibid.  Liberty 
 of  Confcience  fettled  there,  ibid.  And  the  Kirk  iniV.lted,  56. 
 State  of  $<  ocland  at  that  Time  and  afterwards,  ibid.  It  is  in- 
 corporated with  England,  82.  Epifcopacy  :<=ftor'd  there,  284, 
 &c.  Summary  or  the  Perfecution  there,  432  Proceedings  of 
 the  Government  there,  433.  Which  occafions  an  Infurreftion, 
 ibid.  Of  Houfe  and  Field  Conventicles  there,  433.  Erre£is  of 
 the  Perfection  there,  434.  Affairs  of,  in  King  James's  Reign, 
 455      His   Declaration  there,    460.     Prefbytery  reftor'd,  504. 
 
 Scots,  their  Declaration  againft  th_  Englifh  21.  Their  Treaty 
 with  the  King  in  Holland,  22.  Conditions  of  it,  28.  Crom- 
 wel  marches  againft  them,  29.  Defeats  them  in  the  Bat ile  of 
 Dunbar,  30.  Their  Minifters  invited  by  him  to  return  to 
 .  their  Churches,  with  what  palled  thereupon,  31,  &c.  P.emarks 
 upon  it,  33.  Their  Army  under  the  King  marches  into  Eng- 
 land, 51.  And  are  defeated  at  Worccfter,  53.  Low  Condi- 
 tion of  their  Kirk,  55.  Terms  on  which  they  would  reftore  the 
 King.  209. 
 
 Scots  Bifhops,  new  ones  made,  284,  285.     Their  Character,  287, 
 
 431- 
 Scots  Prefbyterians,  their  Character,  286.     Their  Sufferings,  433. 
 
 Seaman,  Dr  Lazarus,  his  Death  and  Character,  338. 
 
 Sedgwick,  Mr.  Obadiah,  his  Death,   158. 
 
 Sees,  vacant  ones,  Debates  about  filling  them,  192.  Difficulties 
 that  attended  it,  ibid.  Sundry  Expedients  propos'd,  194.  Re- 
 marks,  19c;. 
 
 Selden,  Mr.  his  Death  and  Character,  1 1  3. 
 
 Shaftibury,  Earl  of,  deferts  the  Cabal,  373.    Is  fent  to  the  Tow- 
 .  er,  413. 
 
 Sheldon,  Archbifhop,  a  Promoter  of  the  Aft  of  Uniformity,  his 
 Character,  302.  Account  of  the  Proceedings  at  the  opening 
 of  his  Theater,  347.  His  Letter  to  the  Bifhops  againft  the 
 Non-conformifts,  353.     Another  381.     His  Death,  392. 
 
 Shorter,  Sir  John,  Lord  Mayor,  his  Behaviour,  467. 
 
 S  lemn  League  and  Covenant  declar'd  illegal,  266. 
 
 Sons  of  the  Clergy,  Original  of  the  Society  for,  128. 
 
 Spanilh  Plate  Fleet  taken,  1  33.     Another  deftroy'd,  150. 
 
 Spurftow,  Dr.  William,  his  Death  and  Character,  334. 
 
 Stand- 
 
INDEX.  547 
 
 Standing  Army,  King  James's,  p.  454.  Mr.  Jolmfon's  Letter  to 
 them,   455.     Newmodell'd  by  the  Admifiion  of  Papifts,  469. 
 
 Staunton,  Dr.  Edmund,    his  Death  and  Character,    367. 
 
 Stillingfleefs  Irenicum.  262.  Extracts  from  it,  263,  &c.  He 
 writes  againft  rhe  DifTenters,  407.  Various  Anfwersto  him,  ibid. 
 
 Stretton,  Mr.  Richard,  his  Sufferings,  425. 
 
 Strong,  Mr.  William,  his  Death  and  Character,  115.  His  Body 
 dug  up,  291. 
 
 Stuarts.  End  of  the  Male  Line,  of,  487. 
 
 SwafReld,     ir.  Jofeph,  his  Sufferings,   380. 
 
 Sympfon.  Mr.  Sydrach,  his  Death  and  Character,   175. 
 
 Syndercomb's  Plot,   133. 
 
 T. 
 
 TArente,  Prince  of,  CromwePs  Letter  to  him,  112. 
 Taylor,  Mr.  Francis,    hi:  Death  and  Character,  230. 
 
 Teft  Act  b/ought  into  the  Houfe,  375.  Debates  about  it,  ibid. 
 It  receives  the  Royal  Affent,  376.  The  Actitfelf,  ibid.  Re- 
 Remark;,   IbM      Attempts  to  repeal  it,  495. 
 
 Teftii,.  .        Copies  of,  75. 
 
 Thompfon,  Mr.  John,  his  Sufferings,  380. 
 
 Tillotfon,  Archbifhop,  fome  account  of  him,  378,  382. 
 
 Tithes,  Petitions againft  them,  58. 
 
 Toleration  petition'd  for  by  Cromwel  and  the  Army,  19. 
 
 Toleration  for  DifTenters,  Debates  on  the  Reafonablenefs  of  it,  345, 
 346.  Attempted  n  Parliament,  and  the  Duke  of  Buckingham's 
 Speech  for  it,  385       See  Indulgence. 
 
 Toleration,  Act  of,  brought  in  and  pafs'd,  496.  See  the  Aft,  Ap- 
 pendix, No.  I. 
 
 Tories,  Account  of  them,  403.  King  William  made  uneafy  by  them, 
 504.     Their  conduct  to  the  DifTenters  fince  the  Revolution,  ^05. 
 
 Tryers  for  Anprobation  of  Minifters  appointed,  93.  Their  Names, 
 94.  Their  Inductions,  ibid.  Remarks,  95.  Copy  of  their 
 Prefentation,  ibid.  Complaints  againft  them,  96.  Objections 
 to  their  Management,  97.  Their  Proceedings,  98.  Remarks, 
 99.     Mr.  Baxter's  Opinion  of  them,  ibid. 
 
 Tuckney,  Dr.  Anthony,  his  Death  and  Character,   359. 
 
 Tutchin,  Mr.  fentenc'd  to  a  moft  extravagant  Whipping,  upon 
 which  he  petitions  to  be  hang'd,  441. 
 
 V. 
 
 VAne,  Sir  Henry,  his  Trial,   294.     His  Execution,  and  Be- 
 haviour on  the  Scaffold,  295. 
 Venner's  Insurrection.     See  Fifth  Monarchy  Men. 
 Vice  and  Prophanenefs,  Ordinances  againft  them,  35,  36.   They 
 
 increafe  ofter  the  Reftora'ion,  293. 
 Vincent,  Mr.  Thomas,  his  Death  and  Character,  397. 
 Vines,  Mr.  Richard,  his  Death  and  Character,   117. 
 Uniformity,  Act  of,  brought  into  Parliament,  295.     And  pafTed, 
 296.     Abftract  of  it,   197.     Remarks,  299,  &c.     Authors  or 
 
 Promoters 
 
548  INDEX. 
 
 Promoters  of  it,  302.  Conduft  of  the  Prefbyterians  upon  it, 
 303.  Remarks,  304.  Minifters  quitting  their  Livings,  and 
 ejefted  by  this  Aft,  305.  Difficulty  of  filling  the  Vacancies, 
 306.     Farther  Confequences  of  the  Aft,  307,  &c. 
 
 Univerfities,  dew  Vifitors  for  them,  1 1  o,  1 1 1 .  Their  Influence, 
 1 12.  Heads  of  Colleges,  &c.  reftor'd  at  the  Reftoration,  223, 
 224.  New  Creations  in  the  Univerfities,  ibid.  A  general  Li- 
 centioufneis  prevails  in  them,  347.  Their  Addrefies  to  King 
 James  upon  his  Acceflion,  436. 
 
 Ufher,  Archbifhop,  his  Death  and  Character,  128. 
 
 W. 
 
 WAles,  Aft  for  the  Propagation   of  the   Gofpel   there,  24. 
 GoodEffefts  of  it,  ibid.  Commiffioners   for  Wales,  1 04. 
 
 Sad  State  of  that    Principality,  ibid.     Numbers  of  Minifters 
 
 ejefted  there,   105.    Their  crimes,  106.     Method  of  fupply- 
 
 ing  the  Vacancies,  ibid.     Petitions  againft  the  Commiffioners, 
 
 1 07.     farther  complaints  againft  them,    1 08. 
 Walker,  Mr.  George,  his  Death,   57. 
 Wallingford-Houfe  Party,  178.     Depofe  Richard,   ibid. 
 Wallis,  Air.  h-is  Letter   to  Mr.   Boyle,  giving  an  account  of  the 
 
 Proceedings  at  Oxford  at  the  Opening  of   Archbifhop  Sheldon's 
 
 Theatre,  347.     Margin. 
 Weft,  Kirk's  and  Jefferies's  Cruelties  there,  440. 
 Whig  and  Tory,  their  Rife,  and  account  of  both,  402. 
 W'higs,  their  Sufferings,  427.   Severely  profecuted  by  King  James, 
 
 441,442. 
 Whitaker,  Mr.  Jer.  his  Death  and  Charafter,  1 16. 
 Whitaker,  Mr    William,  his  Death  and  Charafter,  3^9. 
 Whitlock.Mr.  his  Speech  on  the  Motion  for  translating  the  Laws 
 
 into  Englifli,  137.  His  Conference  with  Cromwel about  altering 
 
 the  Government,  61. 
 Wilkins,  Bifliop,    his  brave  Reply  to  King  Charles,   350.     His 
 
 Dearhand  Charafter,  370. 
 William  III.  Diffenting  Minifters  Addrefs  to  him,  491 .     His  An- 
 
 fwer,  493.     He    recommends  to  his  Pai  lament  the  qualifying 
 
 all  his  Proteftant  Subjefts  for  ferving  the  Government,  495.    He 
 
 is  made  uneafy  by  the  Tories,  504. 
 Wiifon,  Mr.  Thomas,  his  Death  anil  Charafter,  57. 
 woodbridge,  Mr  Beni.  his  Death  and  Charafter,  431. 
 Woodcock,  Mr.  Francis,  his  Death,  57. 
 Worcefter,  Battle  of,  53. 
 
 Y. 
 
 Arrington's  Plot,  266. 
 
 York,  Duke  of,  his  Views  at  the  Reftoration,  232.  He 
 abjures  the  Proteftant  Religion,  361.  His  fecond  Marriage, 
 378.     See  James. 
 
 FINIS.