LIBRARY OF PRINCETON 
 
 DEC 0 9 2009 
 
 •* 
 
 THEOLOGiCAL SEMIN»ARY 
 
 I ALUMNI LIBRARY, * 
 
 # ' * 
 
 I THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY, | 
 
 ^ PRINCETON, N. J. ^ 
 
 J CW, D.vi5,on.S\A!^\.3l....;| 
 
 Section. 
 
 D101.68 .S55 1833 
 Shimeall, R. C. (Richard 
 Cunningham) , 1803-1874 . 
 A complete ecclesiastical 
 chart from the earliest 
 records , ... 
 
LIBRARY OF PRINCETON 
 
 DEC 0 9 2009 
 
 THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY 
 
 KEY 
 
 TO ACCOMPANY 
 
 / 
 
 THE REV. R. C. SHIMEALL'S 
 CHART. 
 
 NEW- YORK: 
 
 1833. 
 
DORR AXD BVTTEKFIELD's PRINT. 
 
COMPLETE 
 
 ECCLESIASTICAL CHART, 
 
 From the earliest Records, 
 SACRED AND PROFANE, 
 
 DOWN TO THE PRESENT DAY ; SHOWING ITS CONNECTION WITH 
 
 CIVIL HISTORY AND PROPHECY: 
 
 And exhibiting at a single view, the 
 
 IDENTITY AND PERPETUITY 
 
 IN HER ADVERSE AND PROSPEROUS STATES, UNDER THE 
 
 jEosaic anlr dtf^viutian Bi'spensattons, 
 
 And embracing a detailed account of the Pohtical Events, External 
 History, Internal Government, Rehgious Observances, and 
 growmg corruptions of the Church ; and of the 
 
 REFORMATION: 
 
 AND EMBRACING THE NAMES OF 
 
 REMARKABLE PERSONS; 
 Viz. 
 
 Bishops, Popes, Martyrs, Writers, Doctors, Philosophers, 
 Emperors, 6fc. 
 
 And a general survey of 
 Doctrines, Sects, Councils, and Prevailing Philosophy ; 
 The comparative Rise, Revolutions, and Fall, of the 
 PBINCIPAL EMPIRES IN THE WORLD, 
 
 And a complete Nucleus to the 
 FULFILMENT OF PROPHECY OF THE WHOLE. 
 ACCOMPANIED WITH A KEY. 
 
 BY THE REV. R. C. SHIMEALL, 
 
 Author of a Chart of Sacred History, Chronology, Geography, and 
 Genealogy, and of Bible Questions. 
 
 1833. 
 
ADVERTISEMENT. 
 
 In presenting this work to the public, no other apology will be 
 offered for any defects or inaccuracies, than that which arises from 
 the extreme difficulties to be encountered, from an attempt wholly 
 to avoid them, in a work so complicated. Whether the diagrams 
 which relate to the fluctuating conditions both of the world and 
 the Church, will in every instance be found to accord with the 
 strictest principles of comparison, I shall not pretend to say. — 
 Faithfulness and impartiality, however, have been regarded through- 
 out. And when it is apparent that either of these qualities are 
 wanting, it is hoped that the liberally disposed at least, will attri- 
 bute it to any thing but a want of disposition to make an honest use 
 of all the helps available, during the prosecution of the work. 
 
 In the following Key to the Chart, much more explanatory mat- 
 ter is given under the era of the Jewish, than of the Christia.v 
 Church. The reason is, the difference of space appropriated to 
 each department, and the consequent difference in the amount of 
 history. 
 
 For the want of space on the surface of the Chart, the connection 
 of the Civil and Ecclesiastical History, with Prophecy, is mserted 
 in the Key. Newton on the Prophecies ; the Rev. John Fry, B. A., 
 late of University College, Oxford, and Author of an Exposition of 
 the Second Advent, &c. &c. ; and the Rev. Thomas Jones, Curate 
 of Creation, and Author of Scripture Directory, &c., have been 
 consulted at large, particularly the latter, from which extracts have 
 been freely made. 
 
 Whatever of correctness may be ascribed to these views of 
 prophecy as to the past, there is much room for speculation in re- 
 gard to those which are future. The reader will therefore consider 
 himself licensed to adopt these or other views, as a course of gen- 
 eral reading and his own judgment may dictate. 
 
 1* 
 
vi 
 
 With these ordinary, and therefore necessary harbingers of all 
 authorship premised, I send out my Great Circle ; — which, though 
 It encompasses a delineation on the one hand of the result of mis- 
 guided and bloodthirsty ambition in the Rise, Revolutions, and Fall 
 of Nations, Kingdoms, and Empires ; and on the other, of the 
 painful vicissitudes of the " Church of the living God," as she 
 has advanced in Her uninterrupted " Course of time," from the be- 
 ginning of the world to the present day ; will, from its unity and 
 beauty, in some humble degree, ser\'e as an intimation of her final 
 recovery to a state of eternal peace and glory. 
 
 R C. S. 
 
 ISew-York, July, 1833. 
 
V 
 
 ECCLESL4STICAL CHART, &c. 
 
 EXPLANATION 
 
 OF THE 
 
 ALLSGORZCAXi PZCTUREp 
 
 IN THE CENTRE OF THE CHART. 
 
 The design of this Picture is. to present 
 to view the distinctive features of the History 
 of the Church, under the Jewish and Chris- 
 tian dispensations, as exhibited in the 
 
 The upper part of the picture relates to the 
 History of the Jewish Church ; the loiver^ to 
 the History of the Christian Church. 
 
 The first establishment of the Church com- 
 mences its date with the promise which God 
 made to fallen man. Gen. iii. 15. Its perpe- 
 tuity from that time to the giving of the Law 
 at Sinai, is represented by its preservation in 
 the Ark through the family of Noah, which 
 is seen resting upon the summit of Ararat. 
 while the resplendent bou\ the seal of the 
 Covenant entered into with the Father of the 
 second world, raises its azure arch over the 
 whole, in token of God s future favour and 
 protection. 
 
From this you pass to the annunciation of 
 the Law upon Sinai. The interval between 
 that event, and the establishment of Chris- 
 tianity, presents to view, (1.) the Genius of 
 the Jewish (Economy, standing between two 
 altars. This personage is looking to the one 
 on the rights upon which a sacrifice is burn- 
 ing, which represents that (Economy in its 
 perfect state ; while she is pointing to the one 
 on her left, which is crumbling and falling to 
 the ground, to the Lamb, which is fleeing 
 into the wilderness, and to the knife of cir- 
 cumcision, wiiich lies broken in two pieces, 
 before the scattered fragments of the altar : 
 all designed to represent the peculiar nature 
 and design of that (Economy, as explained 
 by the following passages. For the law, 
 having a shadow of good things to come, and 
 not the very image of the things, can never, 
 with those sacrifices which they offered year 
 by year continually, make the comers there- 
 unto perfect. For it is not possible that the 
 blood of bulls and of goats should take away 
 sins." Therefore, he taketh aicay the first,^' 
 or JEWISH (Economy, which, " like a gar- 
 ment," was to " w ax old," and finally to 
 " vanish aw^ay," that he may establish the 
 second:'' or CHRISTIAN (Economy. 
 
 The next personage is, the Genius of His- 
 tory, directing the attention of posterity to 
 the unfulfilled predictions, relative to the es- 
 tablishment, progress, and final triumph of the 
 Christian Religion, pointing with her left 
 
3 
 
 hand to the Incarnate Word, represented in 
 the vignette at the opening of the first Cen- 
 tury, as receiving the adoration of the wise 
 men. 
 
 Then follows, as the principal figure in 
 the picture, the grand organ through which 
 Christianity has been and is to be propagated ; 
 the Genius of the Apostolic Mimstry. She, 
 with her right hand is offering the Word of 
 God, the holy Scriptures, to the four quarters 
 of the Globe, each of which has its appropri- 
 ate representative ; the Asiatic^ the African. 
 the European^ and the American. All these 
 are seen pressing forward to embrace the 
 offered gift with the utmost avidity, while 
 they are directed to the Genius of the Chris- 
 tian Religion, to whom this personage is 
 pointing with her left hand, with a view to 
 draw the Contrast between the distinctive 
 features of the Ceremonial and Gospel dispen- 
 sations. Here the Cross, the Anchor of the 
 believer's hopes, takes the place of the Altar. 
 and the exalted Redeemer, to whom the eye 
 of faith is directed, that of the typical victim. 
 
 The several objects brought to view in the 
 foreground of the picture, are intended to 
 represent the successive triumphs of the 
 Christian Religion, over the three great per- 
 secuting powers of the Church : The Pagan, 
 the Papal or Anti-Christian, and the Infi- 
 del. The destruction of Paganism is repre- 
 sented bv an Idol thrown down from its 
 pedestal, and its huge bulk broken, and lying 
 
4 
 
 on the ground in scattered fragments. — Next 
 follow the paraphernalia of the Romish 
 Hierarchy, the principal of which are, the 
 triple crown^ which is turned " upside down/' 
 and the infallible key^ which is severed in two 
 pieces. — Finally, the Hydra of Infidelity, ha-^^^- 
 mg lost one head, together with its poisonous 
 sting, and received a death wound in another, 
 is emitting a flame of wrathful indignation 
 against the Genius of the Apostolic Ministry, 
 as its last expiring effort, to impede the pro- 
 gress of the gospel. 
 
 You then pass on to a representation of 
 
 the PEACEABLE KINGDOM OF THE BRANCH, when 
 
 swords'' shall be beaten ^' into ploughsharevS," 
 and spears into pruning hooks and when 
 
 nation shall cease to lift up sword against 
 nation," or "learn war any more" — when 
 " the icolf also shall dwell with the lamh^ and 
 the leopard shall lie down with the kid ; and 
 the calf, and the young lion, and the fatling 
 together ; and" when a little child shall lead 
 them" — And when there shall be none "to 
 hurt nor destroy in all God's holy mountain," 
 the " earth being full of the knowledge of the 
 Lord." 
 
XSXPLANATXOir 
 
 OF THE 
 
 TWO PRINCIPAL, DIVISIONS 
 
 OF THE 
 
 CIRCLE. 
 
 The Circle of this Chart, which embraces the His- 
 tory of the Church under the Mosaic and Christian dis- 
 pensations, is divided into two unequal parts. The lesser 
 of these two divisions is appropriated to the ^Era of the 
 Jewish Church ; the greater, to the ^Era of the Christian 
 Church. 
 
 PART FIRST. 
 
 .ERA OF THE JEWISH CHURCH. 
 This era is divided into four equal parts of 1000 years 
 each. This 4000 years is again divided into 40 Centu- 
 ries, by VFRTiCAL hnes, which are numbered along the bot- 
 tom margin, and these again into ten equal parts of ten 
 years each, by circular lines. The names of Persons, 
 interspersed through this ^ra to the end, as Seth, Enos, 
 Cainan, Mahalaleel, &;c. are placed at the date when 
 each flourished ; and the lines which pass from one 
 name to the other, and which are colored yellow, desig- 
 nate the perpetuity of the Church through those persons, 
 while her increase and decrease, or her prosperous and 
 adverse conditions, are exhibited by the expansion or con- 
 traction of those lines. This method of illustrating the 
 external condition of the Church by Diagrams, is designed 
 to present to view the general features of that department 
 of its history within any given period : For instance — the 
 Church, which first embraced in its bosom the common 
 parents of us all, Adam and Eve, grew to some magni- 
 tude at the period of the birth of Seth, and continued to 
 
6 
 
 increase from Seth to Enos. Between Enos and Cainan. 
 there was a great ingathering into the Church, but an 
 awful defection ensued between Cainan and Mahalaleel, 
 when Polytheism or idolatry began to gain an ascendency 
 over the minds of men. Further in advance, when the 
 Church entered Egypt, she numbered only 66 souls ! 
 When she left Egypt, she numbered about 2,000,000 ! ! ! 
 In this way we can form a tolerably correct idea of the 
 comparative prevalence of the knowledge and worship of 
 the OxE True God, with the extent of Idolatry, which 
 pervaded all the ancient nations of the globe, as may be 
 seen by consulting the summary view of all the ancient 
 Religions, as exhibited under the space occupied as the 
 ^ra of the Jewiish Church. 
 
 The ^ra of the Jewish Church is divided into six peri- 
 ods, which will be found along the bottom margin — and 
 are as follows : — 
 
 1. The Antediluvian Period. 
 
 2. The Noahic Period. 
 
 3. The Abrahamic Period. 
 
 4. The Mosaic Period. 
 
 5. The Regal and Prophetic Period. And 
 
 6. The Sacerdotal Period. 
 
 1. The Antediluvian Period embraces 1656 years, 
 from the Creation to the Deluge. The characteristic 
 events of this period are (1.) The Creation. (2.) The 
 fall of man. (3.) The promise of a Saviour. (4.) The 
 murder of Abel. (5.) The outpouring of the Holy 
 Spirit in the days of Enos. (6.) The birth of Noah. 
 (7.) The intermarriages of the sons of Seth with the 
 wicked daughters of Cain, which resulted (8.) In the de- 
 struction of the world by the deluge, from which Noah 
 and his family only were preserved. 
 
 I. Ecclesiastical History. The ecclesiastical history of 
 this period relates to the first constitution of the Church 
 of God, founded upon the promise. Gen. iii. 15. The two 
 vignettes, representing the offerings of Abel and Cain, and 
 the deluge, designate the extreme points of this, as the 
 others which follow in order, do most of the subse(^uent 
 
7 
 
 periods. In the early part of the history of the Churchy 
 in this period, her annals were stained with the blood of 
 the first martyr, Abel. About 500 years after, Enoch 
 was translated to heaven. In the first of these events, 
 we are furnished with the peculiar marks characteristic 
 of the righteous and the wicked, by which the Church in 
 all subsequent ages was to be distinguished from the 
 world, together with a typical allusion to the persecution 
 which the former was to suffer from the latter; while 
 this last event was intended as a sure pledge of her final 
 triumph, and glorious immortality. In the after ages of 
 this period the Church became almost extinct, in the midst 
 of surrounding idolatry, being confined exclusively to the 
 family of righteous Noah in the ark, as the medium 
 through which to transmit to future ages, the knowledge 
 and worship of the true God. 
 
 II. Civil History. Government, during this period, 
 was exclusively Patriarchal. 
 
 III. Prophecy. The only prophecy uttered during this 
 period, (except that of Lamech concerning Noah, Gen. 
 v. 29,) refers to the promised Messiah, the Lord Jesus 
 Christ, and is recorded in the third chapter of Genesis 
 and 15th verse. The import of this prediction is given in 
 1st John iii. 8. For lis fulfilment, see Gal. iv. 4. ; Matt, 
 i. 18—25. 
 
 2. The NoAHic Period embraces 427 years, from the 
 Deluge to the calling of Abraham. The events for which 
 this period is distinguished are, (1.) The resting of the 
 ark upon Mount Ararat. (2.) The offering of Noah. 
 (3.) God's Covenant with him. (4.) The repeopling 
 the world by his descendants. (5.) The building of Ba- 
 bel. And (6.) The Confusion of tongues, and dispersion. 
 
 I. Ecclesiastical History. The distinctive features of 
 true religion, as it existed previous to the time of Noah, 
 and which consisted in following those duties which were 
 dictated by the light of nature not only, but in the requi- 
 sitions of repentance for sin, faith in the promised Saviour, 
 trust in the mercy of God through him, and the offering 
 up of sacrifices ; were perpetuated. The event most in- 
 teresting to the Church during this period was, God's 
 
 2 
 
8 
 
 entering into covenant with Noah and his seed, as described 
 Gen. ix, 8 — 17. The knowledge and worship of the true 
 God was retained by the descendants of Japheth and Shem, 
 while those of Ham generally, fell into the grossest idol- 
 atry. 
 
 II. Civil History, Government still remained Patbi- 
 ARCHAL, with the additional magisterial authority, as now 
 for the first given to Noah, Gen. ix, 6. 
 
 III. Prophecy. Comiected with this period are a class 
 of prophecies which relate to Ham and Canaan,* Shem 
 and Japheth. For a fulfilment of the prophecy which 
 related to Ham and Canaan, Gen. ix. 25 and 27, last 
 clause, compare Joshua ix. 3 — 7, with verses 21 and 23. 
 See also 1 Kings ix. 20, 21 ; and 2 Chron. viii. 7, 8, 9. 
 That concerning Shem, Gen. ix. 26. Through the pos- 
 terity of Shem, the Church was preserved, from the days 
 of NOAH to CHRIST, and of them, " as concerning the 
 flesh, Christ came," John i. 14 ; Rom. ix, 4, 5. During 
 the interval, " in the tents of Shem," the Shechinah dwelt, 
 first in the Tabernacle, then in the Temple, Ex. xxv. 22 ; 
 Lev. xvi. 2 ; Num. vii. 89 ; Ps. Ixxx. 1. For the fulfill, 
 ment of the prophecy relating to Japheth, see Gen. x. 
 1—5; Malachi i. 2; Acts xi; 1—23; Eph. ii. 11—15. 
 The territory of country possessed by the numerous pos- 
 terity of Japheth, evince the actual fulfilment of this pre- 
 diction. The Greeks and Romans, who descended from 
 Japheth, finally subdued Judea and part of Asia, which 
 belonged to Shem, and thus "dwelt" in his 'Uents." 
 Japheth was blessed spiritually, when the Gentiles were 
 received into the Christian Church. 
 
 3. The Abrahamic Period embraces 430 years, from 
 the call of that Patriarch to leave Mesopotamia to go to 
 Canaan, till the giving of the law at Sinai. 
 
 * The curse denounced against Ham and Canaan, and the bless- 
 ings promised to Shem and Japheth, reached beyond themselves, 
 to their posterities. Ham and Canaan at first measurably subdued 
 those of Shem and Japheth, till Egypt, "the land of Ham," (Psa. 
 cv. 23,) was finally conquered by the Persians and Grecians, the 
 posterities of Shem and Japheth. Africa, settled by Ham, for cen. 
 turies past, has for the most part been subjected, first to the Ro- 
 mans, then to the Saracens, and now to the Turks. 
 
9 
 
 The events most interesting in this period are, (1.) The 
 calling of Abraham. (2.) God's covenant with him. 
 (3.) His separation from Lot his nephew. (4.) The de- 
 struction of Sodom and Gomorrha. (5.) The birth and 
 banishment of Ishmael. (6.) The promise of Isaac. 
 (7.) His birth. (8.) The trial of Abraham's faith. (9.) 
 Isaac's marriage. (10.) The birth of Esau and Jacob. 
 (11.) The purchase of the birthright by Jacob from Esau. 
 (12.) EssLU supplanted by Jacob in obtaining the blessing. 
 (13.) Birth of Joseph. (14.) He is sold and carried to 
 Egypt. (15.) The famine in Canaan. (16.) Jacob's 
 sons sent to Egypt to buy corn, &c. &;c., which results in 
 Joseph's being made known to them, and Jacob's removal 
 with his family thither. And (17.) The great increase 
 of the Hebrews or Israehtes, the descendants of Jacob, 
 while there. 
 
 I. Ecclesiastical History. Under the roof of the Pa- 
 triarch Abraham, the Church of God, which before was 
 in an unembodied state, was now regularly organized, by 
 the institution of the seal of CiRCUMcisioN, by which, as 
 a visible society, she was to be distinguished from the 
 surrounding nations of idolatry. The Most High also at 
 this time entered into covenant with Abraham and his 
 seed, as a further confirmation of pledges previously given, 
 regarding the promised seed, the Lord Jesus Christ ; and 
 of the future possession, by his posterity, of the land of 
 Canaan. Abraham's expostulation with God in behalf of 
 the devoted cities of the plain, and Lot's dehverance there- 
 from, evince the special care and protection of the great 
 Head of the Church, in her preservation under every exi- 
 gency. Abraham, who hesitated whether to comply with 
 Sarah's request to banish Ishmael, finally yielded to the 
 divine command to "hearken unto her voice," being 
 assured, that it was not in Ishmael, but " in Isaac " that 
 his "seed" should be "called." This command, how- 
 ever, was accompanied with promises both of protection 
 and blessing to Ishmael. The Church passed through the 
 Patriarchal line from Isaac to Jacob, in whose family it 
 was preserved in Egypt for the period of 215 years, and 
 from 66 souls, increased to about 2,000,000 ! ! ! 
 
 II. Civil History. Government, Patriarchal. 
 
10 
 
 III. Prophecy. The first which we shall mention, are 
 those which relate (1.) to Abraham, Gen. xv. 3; xvii. 1, 
 6, 7 ; xviii. 18 ; xxi. 12 ; xxii. 18 ; (2.) to Isaac, Gen. 
 XX vi, 4 ; and (3.) to Jacob, Gen. xxviii. 14 ; who were 
 to be blessed in Christ, as his honored progenitors. For 
 a fulfillment of these prophecies, compare Gal. iii. 8, and 
 Heb. iv. 2. with Matt. i. Mark xvi. 15, 16 ; Rev. i. 6. 
 
 Other prophecies which relate to Ahralmm, Isaac, and 
 Jacob, refer to the possession of the land of Canaan by 
 their posterities, after their subjection to servitude in a 
 land which is not theirs, (Gen. xv. 13 — 16,) for the space 
 of 430 years. See this fulfilled, Ex. v. vii. xii. 29—39 ; 
 Ex. i. 7—12 ; Deut. xxvi. 5 ; x. 22 ; Josh. iv. 10—18. 
 To Isaac and Rebecca, concerning F,sau and Jacob, 
 (1.) Ttvo nations were to descend from them, Gen. xxv. 
 2S, Jirst clause. Fulfilled, Genesis xxxvi. 43, and xxxii. 
 32 ; 2 Kings xvii. 34. (2.) Their professions and cha- 
 racters were to be different, and the former, the enemies 
 of the latter. Gen. xxv. 23, second clause ; 2 Chron. xxv.. 
 14, 15 ; Exodus ii. 25 ; Deut. xi. 13 ^2o ; xxxiii. 29 ; 
 Ezek. xxv. 12 ; Amos i. 11 ; Obadiah i. 10 ; Num. xx, 
 (3.) The subjection of the elder to the younger. Fulfilled, 
 
 1 Kings xi. 16 ; 2 Samuel viii. 14 ; 2 Kings, xiv. 7 ; 
 
 2 Chron. xxv. 12 ; 1 Kings iv. 21. The Edomites at 
 first were more numerous and powerful than the Israelites, 
 Gen. xxxvi, 31. They revolted under the reign of Jero- 
 boam, king of Judah, 2 Kings viii. 20 ; 2 Chronicles xxi. 
 8 — 10, and regained the liberty which they lost under 
 David. Finally, they were subdued under Judas Macca- 
 bees, and incorporated with the Jews. (4.) Their temporal 
 blessings were to be similar, Gen. xxtii. 28, 39. Fulfilled, 
 Gen. xxxvi, 6 — 8 ; Num. xx. 17 ; Deut. xi, 9 — 12 ; 
 xxxiii. 26 — 29. And (5.) The Edomites, or descendants 
 of Esau, were to be finally destroyed, Jer. xlix, 7, 8 ; 
 Ezek. xxv. 12 — 14 ; Joel iii. 19 ; Amos i. 11 ; Obadiah 
 v. 1 — 16 ; Malachi i. 1 — 5. As a nation, they are now 
 extinct, their name not having been known since the first 
 century. 
 
 The predictions of Jacob concerning his twelve sons. 
 (1.) Reuben, Gen. xhx. 3, 4. Fulfilled, 1 Chron. v. 1 : 
 2 Kings XV. 27--29. (2.) Simeon and Levi, Gen. xlix. 
 
11 
 
 5—7. Fulfilled, Josh. xix. 1—19; xxi. 1-— 8 ; 1 Chron. 
 iv. 39. [3.] Judah, Gen. xlix, 8, 9, 11, 12. Fulfilled, 
 Num. ii. 9 ; vii. 12 ; x. 14 ; ii. 3 ; Judges i. 1, 2 ; Josh. 
 XV. 1—12. [4.] Zehulun, Genesis xlix. 13. Fulfilled, 
 Josh. xix. 10 — 16. [5.] Issacliar and Aslier, Gen. xlix. 
 14, 15, and verse 20. The tribe of Issachar, as the pro- 
 phecy denotes, was industrious and unambitious, and that 
 of Asher enjoyed a most luxuriant country ; but both are 
 little known in subsequent history. [6.] Dan^ Gen. xlix. 
 16—18. Fulfilled, Genesis xxx. 6 ; Num. x. 25; Deut. 
 xxxiii. 21 ; Judges xiv. xv. xvii. xviii. [7.] Gad, Gen. 
 xKx. 19. Fulfilled, Judges x. 8 ; 1 Chron. v, 11—22. 
 [8.] Naphtali, Gen. xhx. 21. Fulfilled, Judges iv. 6 — 10 ; 
 V. 18. [9.] Joseph, Gen. xhx. 22, 26. Fulfilled, Josh, 
 xvii. 14—17. [10.] Benjamin, Gen. xlix. 22, 26. Ful. 
 filled, Judges iii. 15 — 29; xx. [H.] Manasseh and 
 Ephraim, Genesis xlviii. 19. The younger was to be 
 greater than the elder. The tribe of Ephraim became so 
 great, as sometimes to be counted for all the ten tribes of 
 Israel. 
 
 Joseph predicted the deliverance of the Israelites from 
 Egypt, Gen. 1. 24, 25. Fulfilled, Ex. xiii. 19; Joshua 
 xxiv, 32. 
 
 4. The Mosaic Period embraces 436 years, from the 
 giving of the law at Sinai, to the accession of Saul to the 
 throne of Israel. The events remarkable in this period 
 are, [1.] Moses' hirth and mission. [2.] The infliction of 
 the ten plagues upon Egypt. [3.] The final deliverance 
 of the Israelites from Egyptian bondage. [4.] The giving 
 of the law at Sinai. [5.] Forty ye^rs jour neyings of the 
 Israelites through the wilderness. [6.] Their entrance 
 into the land of Canaan. And [7.] Their government by 
 Judges. 
 
 1. Ecclesiastical History. The Church in Egypt had 
 now groaned for 215 years, under the most cruel bondage. 
 At length her cries entered into the ears of the Lord of 
 Sabaoth, and he raised up Moses, to be the instrument of 
 their dehverance. Pharaoh's refusal to let the Israelites 
 go, according to the command of God, brought upon him 
 and the Egyptians the miraculous infliction, by the hand 
 2* 
 
12 
 
 of Moses, of ten of the most awful plagues, that ever vis- 
 ited any people. The result was, their salvation, and the 
 total destruction of himself and army in the Red Sea. 
 Before the Church left Egypt, the Passover was insti- 
 tuted, and in the wilderness, the Priesthood was established 
 with Aaron and his sons. The song sung by the Israel- 
 ites after crossing the Red sea, was soon followed by 
 murmurings, rebelHons, and idolatry, — for which they 
 were severely punished ; and all who, [at the time of their 
 rebellion in saying, " Let us make a captain, and let us 
 RETURN into Egypt," which was soon after the commence- 
 ment of their journeyings,] were " twenty years old and 
 upward," were doomed to die in the wilderness, except 
 Caleb and Joshua. These, with all under twenty years, 
 were, at the expiration of their journeyings, to enter the 
 promised land. Thus the Most High still preserved a 
 seed to serve him. Moses was succeeded by Joshua, 
 under whose judicious administration the Church pros- 
 pered. The land of Canaan was divided among the twelve 
 tribes, and the Levitical and Sacerdotal cities, and cities 
 of Refuge were provided, for the maintenance of religious 
 order. During the whole period of the Judges, 342 years 
 from the death of Joshua, the Church greatly degenerated, 
 being distinguished by a state of anarchy, idolatry, and 
 servitude. See 1 Samuel iii. 1. 
 
 II. Civil History. The distinctive features of a Patri- 
 archal government was lost, when, under Moses, the 
 judicial administration was, by the advice of Jethro, com- 
 mitted to a selection of six out of every tribe, who were 
 called " elders of Israel," [Num. xi. 16,] whose duty it 
 was to quell the seditious, and protect the innocent. The 
 High Priest sustained to these the relation of prime coun. 
 sellor, and sometimes judge, of whom the common priests 
 and Levites were the assistants, [Deut. xvii. 9 — 12.] 
 The executive power, however, was vested in the Judge 
 of each tribe, and God himself was their King, and the 
 center of union and government. But, for their idolatry 
 and rebellion, God finally forsook them. The Elder, 
 Priest, Levite, and Judge, all neglected their duty, and 
 having " no king in Israel, every one did what was right 
 in his own eyes," and by the want of a well organized 
 
13 
 
 government, they became an easy prey to their enemies- 
 This resulted in the servitude of the Israehtes, to rescue 
 them from which, God at different times raised them up a 
 succession of extraordinary Judges, whose jurisdiction 
 extended over many, or all the tribes. 
 
 III. Prophecy. Several predictions were made respect- 
 ing the Israelites, the principal of which are, [1.] Balaam^ s 
 prophecy, which speaks of them as a distinct people. Num. 
 
 xxiii. 9. Fulfilled, Ex. xix. 6 ; Deut. vii. 6 — 8 ; xxvi. 
 19; xxviii. 9; Isa. Ixi. 6; 1 Pet. ii. 5 — 9; Rev. xx. 6. 
 The Jews to this day, though scattered among all nations, 
 still continue to be a distinct people. They were also to 
 conquer their enemies, JsTum. xxii. 24 ; xxiv. 8, 9. Com- 
 pared with Gen. xxvii. 29, and xlix. 9. This is evident 
 from their conquests under Moses, Joshua, the Judges and 
 Kings, particularly David, and their universal peace under 
 Solomon, 1 Samuel xv. 7, 8. Concerning the fate of the 
 Moabites, Num. xxiv. 17, see 2 Samuel viii. 2. Of the 
 Edomites, of Seir, and of their " strong cities," Numbers 
 
 xxiv. 18, 19, see 2 Samuel viii. — ; Psa. Ix. 8 ; cviii. 9 ; 
 
 1 Kings xi. 15, 16. Of Amalek, Num. xxiv. 20 ; Exod. 
 xvii. 14 ; Gen. xiv. 7 ; 1 Sam. xxviii. 8 ; see 1 Samuel 
 XV. 7, 8; xxvii. 8, 9; xxx. — ; 1 Chron. iv. 41, 42, 43. 
 And of the Kenites, Numbers xxiv. 21, 22. Compare 
 
 2 Kings xvi. 9, and xix. 12, 13 ; 1 Chron. ii. 55. 
 
 5. The Regal and Prophetic Period, or the period 
 of the Kings of Judah and Israel, and of the cotemporary 
 Prophets, embraces 666 years, from the accession of Saul, 
 to the time of Malachi. The events for which this period 
 is conspicuous are, [1.] The establishment of a monarchy 
 in Israel. [2.] Saul's wicked reign, and rejection from 
 the throne. [3,] David succeeded him. [4.] Reign of 
 Solomon. [5.] Building of the Temple. [6.] Division 
 of the kingdom under Rehoboam. [7.] Babylonish Cap- 
 tivity. [8.] Restoration. And [9.] The rebuilding of 
 the City and Temple of Jerusalem. 
 
 I. Ecclesiastical History. Samuel, the last among the 
 extraordinary judges whom God raised up for the deliver- 
 ance of his people, " was a father to the Church, a zeal- 
 ous reformer, and an upright prophet among the people of 
 
14 
 
 the Lord. By him was estabhshed the school of the pro- 
 phets, for the purpose of perpetuating a succession of 
 faithful ministers, who were numerous in the days of Eh- 
 jah and Elisha ; and these schools continued to flourish 
 more or less, even down to the time of Christ. The 
 Church suffered much under Saul's administration, he 
 having slain no less than eighty-five priests of the Lord I 
 But when David succeeded to the throne, peace and pros- 
 perity was restored to the Church and the Nation of Israel. 
 Ample provisions were made for the erection of the Tem- 
 ple at Jerusalem, which when completed, was by Solomon, 
 most solemnly dedicated to God by prayer and sacrifice. 
 At this period the Jewish Church may be considered as 
 having attained to the zenith of its glory. But, the splen- 
 dour of this happy state was soon followed by an awful 
 defection from the true religion, which, being commenced 
 by Solomon himself, soon spread through the whole nation 
 of Israel, and ended in the division of the kingdom. In 
 the kingdom of Judah, the true religion and the Church 
 was more particularly preserved ; but from 1 Kings xiv. 
 21 — 24, it is evident that idolatry existed there also. 
 But, Rehoboam was punished for his apostasy. See 
 1 Kings xiv. 22 — 26. This humbled him, and a reform, 
 ation ensued, 2 Chron. xii. 12. Still idolatry existed in 
 both kingdoms ; so that in the days of Elijah, he thought 
 that there was not 07ie besides himself who feared and 
 worshipped God. But he was assured that there were 
 yet seven thousand who had not bowed down to the image 
 of Baal. The Babylonish Captivity effectually eradicated 
 idolatry from among the Jews. It resulted in the conver- 
 sion of the wicked king Manasseli, who afterwards pro- 
 moted the interests of true religion. After seventy years 
 captivity in Babylon, a proclamation was issued by Cyrus 
 for the restoration of the Jews. But only those who feared 
 the Lord returned, under Zemblahel their Prince, and 
 Joshua their High Priest, to the number of 49,697 souls. 
 Afler the dedication of the second Temple, under Ezra 
 and Nehemiah, true rehgion continued to flourish ; but 
 af\er their deaths, it again declined, and the spirit of pro- 
 phecy died with the last of their prophets, Malachi. 
 II. Civil History. The venality of Samuel's sons in 
 
15 
 
 the government of Israel, ultimated in the estabUshment 
 of a Monarchy among them ; for the impatient people re- 
 quested of Samuel, the appointment of a king, that they 
 might be as other nations ; and Saul was selected for that 
 purpose, as the Jirst King of Israel. 
 
 III. Prophecy. The principal are first, those of Jere- 
 miah, chap. XXV. 1 — 11, who predicted [1.] The Captivity 
 of the kingdom of Judah ; for a fulfillment of which, see 
 2 Kings xxiv. ; 2 Chron. xxxvi. ; Daniel i. [2.] Their 
 Restoration, chap. xxix. 10. Fulfilled, 2 Chron. xxxvi. 
 22; Ezra i. 1. Isaiah prophesied the dispersion of the 
 ten tribes of the kingdom of Judah, chap. vii. 8. Ful- 
 filled, 2 Kings xviii. 10, 11 ; xvii. 24 ; xv. 29 ; 1 Chron. 
 V. 26 ; Ezra iv. 2—10. 
 
 6. The Sacerdotal Period, or period of the Priest- 
 hood, embraces about 400 years, from the time of Mala- 
 chi, to the birth of Christ. This period is distinguished, 
 [1.] By the accession of Artaxerxes Memnon to the Per- 
 sian throne. [2.] The division of the Greek Empire 
 among the Ptolemies. [3.] The submission of the .Jews 
 to Antiochus the Great. [4.] Their dehverance under 
 Mattathias, the great Jewish Reformer, and father of the 
 Maccabees. [5.] Accession of Judas Aristobulus to the 
 Sovereignty and Priesthood of the Jews. [6.] Accession 
 of Herod the Great to the throne of Judea, and [7.] Birth 
 of the REDEEMER. 
 
 I. Ecclesiastical History. During this period, though 
 the form of godliness existed among the Jews, yet vital 
 rehgion almost entirely disappeared. The Jews, for their 
 wickedness, felt the tyrany of the Kings of Persia, Greece, 
 Egypt, Syria, and Rome ; which last nation, reduced 
 Judea to her subjection, about 50 years before the advent 
 of Christ. The Church suffered much under the brutal 
 Antiochus Epiphanes, king of Syria, who, for their refiisal 
 to become idolaters, ordered seven brethren with their 
 mother, to be martyred, which they endured with the 
 most pious and heroic fortitude. Mattathias first took up 
 arm.s against Antiochus, and was followed by his son, 
 Judas Maccabees, was succeeded in recovering the city of 
 Jerusalem, and in restoring the worship of God in the 
 
16 
 
 temple. But the Jews now began to be divided into dit' 
 ferent religious parties — the prmcipal of whom were, the 
 Zadikim, from whom sprang the Samaritans and the Sad- 
 ducees ; and the Chasidim, from whom sprang the Phar- 
 isees and Essenes. The seed of the righteous, during the 
 dark period which elapsed, were to be found among those 
 alluded to by Malachi ; " Then they that feared the Lord 
 spake often one to another," &c. And whether these 
 were to be found in one particular sect, or were inter- 
 spersed eimong them all, this we know ; that there were 
 those who were piously and patiently " waiting for the 
 consolation of Israel.'' Such were Zacharias and EHza- 
 beth, with her cousin Mary, the mother of the Redeemer. 
 who was " righteous before God," and Joseph, who was 
 " a just man," and the " devout Simeon," and the aged 
 prophetess Anna, with others. 
 
 II. Civil History. The civil history of this period, 
 according to the prophetical dream of Nebuchadnezzar, 
 Daniel, chapter ii., and the vision of Daniel, ch. vii., both 
 of which relate to the same things, is distinguished for the 
 i-ise of tlie four universal empires, viz : — the Babylonian. 
 the Medo-Persian, the Grecian or ^Macedonian, and the 
 Roman : which were to arise one after another in regular 
 succession, the last of which particularly, was to extend 
 in one form or other, from the time of the prophet Daniel, 
 to the Millenium. 
 
 III. Prophecy. Moses speaks of the destruction of the 
 Jews by the Chaldeans, Deut. xxviii. 49, 52. Fulfilled, 
 Lamentations iv. 19; 2 Kings xviii. 9, 10, 13; xxv. 19. 
 Although the Jews confided in the strength of their walls, 
 cities, &c. yet at difl^erent times it was besieged by Ishek, 
 Nebuchadnezzar, Antiochus Epiphanes, Pompey, Socius, 
 Herod, and finally by Titus. They were also to be sold 
 into Egypt as slaves, Deut. xxviii. 68 ; Psalms xliv. 13. 
 This, according to Josephus, was the case during the 
 reigns of the first two Ptolemies, Adrian, Titus, &c. 
 They were to be dispersed into all nations, Deut. xxviii. 
 25. See Nehemiah i. 8, 9. They are to be found this 
 day in ail the four quarters of the globe. But a state of 
 future blessedness is reserved for them, Isa. Ix. 15 — 18 : 
 Ezekiel xxxvii. 21, 25; xxxix. 28, 29: Hosea iii. 4. 5, 
 
 I THE Lord wxll haste>- it i>- hxs time." 
 
17 
 
 A summary view of all the Ancient Religions which 
 have prevailed in the world, will be found under the space 
 appropriated for the History of the Jeicish Church, 
 
 An account of the Rise, Revolutions, and Fall of all the 
 principal nations, &:c. of antiquity, will be found in the 
 circle over the vignette representing the deluge. These 
 are all distinguished by different colors, and should be 
 carefully traced with a pointer, and the period when they 
 commenced, together with the changes through which 
 they respectively passed, should be compared with the 
 history of the Church during the same period ; by doing 
 which, you are furnished at once with the contemporane- 
 ous conditions of the Church and the World. This 
 explanation will apply equally to the Ecclesiastical and 
 Civil history of the Christian ^Era. 
 
 PART SECOND. 
 
 .ERA OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH. 
 The history of the Christian Church is divided into four 
 great periods as follows : — 
 
 I. From its first establishment by Christ, to the 
 TIME OF Constantine THE Great, A. D. 312. This is 
 called the Primitive Period, 
 
 II. From Constantine the Great to the estab- 
 lishment of the Papacy, A. D. 606. This Period is 
 distinguished for the Decline of Paganism. 
 
 III. From the establishment of the Papacy, A. D. 
 606, TO THE Reformation, A. D. 1517. This is called 
 the Middle or Dark Period. 
 
 IV. From the Reformation, to the present day. 
 
 PERIOD FIRST. 
 
 The first Period, from the establishment of the Chris- 
 tian Church to the time of Constantine, or the Primitive 
 Period, exhibits the Church as in possession of the pure 
 doctrines of the gospel, and of the undisputed exercise of 
 the prerogatives of an Apostolic ministry. But, pure as 
 was the Church during this period, "the mystery of 
 
18 
 
 iniquity" began the work" of preparation for an almost 
 total extermination of true religion from the earth. The 
 principal events embraced in this period are — the ministry 
 of Christ, the preaching of the apostles, and the persecu- 
 tions endured by the Church, from Pagan Rome. Each 
 Century* embraced in this and the other great periods, 
 will now be taken up separately, and a particular exnla- 
 nation given of their several parts. 
 
 CE^-TURY FIRST, f 
 
 This Century opens \Wth a representation of the " Holy 
 Child Jesus," receiving homage from the " wise men" of 
 the east. The diagram in the center of the Century, 
 presents to view the gradual increase and spread of Chris- 
 tianity, till near its close, when it is diminished by perse- 
 cution. This Century embraces the two first prominent 
 events of the first period, and also the commencement of 
 the third. first event, the ministry of Christ, includes 
 
 the first 34 years. The second, the preaching of the 
 apostles, extends from their dispersion at the death of 
 Stephen to the destruction of Jerusalem, A. D. 70. And 
 the commencement of the third, or the Pagan persecutions, 
 begin under Nero, about the year 65. These persecu- 
 lions are ten in number, and end with the accession to the 
 throne, of Constantine the Great, as Emperor of Rome ; 
 all of which you will perceive, are marked according to 
 the dates when each commenced. The yellow color 
 throughout the whole nineteen Centuries, is designed to 
 de-signate the comparative prevalence of true Christianity, 
 a:id the consequent perpetuity of the Church. The orange 
 shade on each side of the interior of the diagrams of the 
 first six Centuries, show the gradual corruption of pure 
 Religion. 
 
 The varying severity of the ten Pagan persecutions of 
 the Church, and also of those which followed, is repre- 
 
 * The Centuries are all marked over the top, on the outside of 
 the circle, thus : 1st Cen., 2nd Cen., 3rd Cen., &c. 
 
 t The lettering throughout points to the center of the Chart. It 
 must therefore be suspended from the rings attached to the roller?, 
 so as to bring each century as nearly perpendicular to the eye zs 
 can be, and the reading must commence at the bottom, and advance 
 to the top. 
 
1^ 
 
 sented by the lines which are colored with crimson. In 
 every century, the left side of the center diagram is appro- 
 priated to the Civil or Political history of the world, 
 and embraces the names in succession of Emperors,* Gov. 
 ernors, KingSy Philosophers, 6fC. 6fC. ; the right side, the 
 names of Bishops,-^ Popes, Martyrs, Writers, Doctors, <SfC. 
 ^c. ; and the diagrams, include the Ecclesiastical his- 
 tory, or that part which more particularly relates to the 
 various conditions of the Church. The several places 
 which branch out from this century, show how the gospel 
 was preached to " all the world," by the dispersion of the 
 apostles at the martyrdom of Stephen. 
 
 PROPHECY.t PERIOD FIRST. 
 
 (From the days of John, to the year 606^) 
 Opening of the First Seal. 
 
 Rev. vi. 1, 2. And I saw ^chen the Lamb opened one of the seals, 
 «n<i I heard, as it were the noise of thunder^ one of the four beasts, say- 
 ing, Co "e and see. 
 
 And I saw, and behold a white horse : and he that sat on him had a 
 bow : and a crown was given unto him: and he went forth conqueringy 
 and io conquer." 
 
 The accession of Trajan to the empire of Rome,§ and 
 the conquests which followed his victorious arm, are sup- 
 
 * The names of the Roman Emperors are designated by a straight 
 line drawn under themj thus : Nerva, Trajan, &.C. 
 
 t The succession of Bishops of the four sees, Jerusalem, Auti- 
 och, Alexandria, and Rome, are thus designated : 
 
 * James, Jer., for Bishop of Jerusalem. 
 
 * Ignatius, Ant., for " " Antioch. 
 
 * Annianus, Alex, for " *' Alexandria. 
 
 * Peter, Rome, for " " Rome. 
 
 t The prophecies relating to the Christian Church, in the book, 
 of Revelation, from the seventh chapter to the end, maybe divided 
 into THREE GRAND SUCCESSIVE PERIODS, Under the seven Seals, the 
 seven Trumpets, and the seven Vials. The seventh Seal compre- 
 hends all the seven Trumpets ; and the seventh Trumpet compre- 
 hends all the seven Vials. — These three successive periods are 
 thus divided : 
 
 I. The first period, which contains the state of the Roman Em- 
 pire, and the trials of the Church of Christ under that power, from 
 the days of John to the beginning of the seventh century, is de- 
 Bcribed under the first six Seals, and the first four Trumpets of the 
 ««venth Seal. 9 A. D. 98. 
 
 3 
 
20 
 
 posed to be the points embraced in the prophetic allusions 
 of the first seal. From the time of Augustus to Trajan, 
 all was peace and tranquillity, with the exception of the 
 conquest of Britain. But that " Prince had received the 
 education of a soldier, and possessed the talents of a 
 general. The peaceful system of his predecessors, was 
 interrupted by scenes of war and conquest, and the 
 legions, after a long interval, beheld a military emperor 
 at their head. By the arms of Trajan, the Roman con- 
 quests were carried to their utmost extent, both in the 
 East and in the West ; and the strength and order given 
 to the imperial government, had a lasting effect upon 
 the internal peace and prosperity of the empire." 
 
 CENTURY SECOND. 
 
 The diagram of this century shows the increase of the 
 visible Church, and with it a growing tendency to degene- 
 rate from the purity and simplicity of the first. 
 
 Opening of the Second Seal. 
 
 Rev. vi. 3, 4. " And when he had opened the second seal, I heard the 
 second beast say, Come and see. 
 
 And there went out another horse that was red : and power was eiren. 
 to him that sat thereon to take peace from the earth, and that they should 
 full one another : and there was given unto him, a great sword. 
 
 " n. The second period is the whole duration of the two grand 
 Apostasies, Popery in the West, and Mohammedism in the East, 
 which commence in the same year, A. D. 606, and last exactly the 
 same time, 1260 years, and shall fall together in the year 1866, 
 according to the best interpreters of prophecy. The whole dura- 
 tion of this period is during the three last Trumpets, called the 
 Woe Trumpets. The first Woe Trumpet is from the commence- 
 ment of Popery to its zenith, A. D. 1281 ; and the second Woe 
 Trumpet from the zenith of Popery to the rise of Antichrist, 1792. 
 
 '< III. The third period, is during the reign of Antichrist, or the 
 Infidel power, who denies both the Father and the Son. This power 
 makes his appearance towards the close of the duration of the two 
 grand Apostasies, Popery and Mohammedism, and is closely 
 leagued with Popery. These three powers live together, and shall 
 fall together, at the great battle of Armageddon, in the land of Ca- 
 naan. This Antichrist, the Infidel Power, makes his appearance 
 at the commencement of the French Revolution in the year 1792, 
 The whole reign of Antichrist is under the third or last Woe Trum- 
 pet ; and under this Trumpet, the seven Vials are poured out. And 
 when the last Vial shall be poured out at the great Battle of Arma- 
 geddon, Popery, Mohammedism, and Antichrist shall fall together, 
 to rise no more for ever ; and then follows the restoration of the 
 Jews, the Millenium, and the glory to come." 
 
 i 
 
21 
 
 The accession of Commodus to the imperial throne,* 
 and the peculiar character of his reign, bears a strong 
 resemblance to the predictions of the second seal. That 
 emperor was one of the most cruel and ferocious tyrants, 
 that ever swayed a sceptre. " The era of conquest waa 
 exchanged for an era of blood ; the powerful government 
 of Trajan and the Antonies gave place to oppression and 
 civil war — and from this epocha, Mr. Gibbon dates the 
 decline of the Roman Empire, and speaks of the acces. 
 fiion of Commodus, as productive of a revolution to this 
 day felt among the nations of the earth." 
 
 CENTURY THIRD. 
 
 The same as the preceding. 
 
 Opening of the Third Seal, 
 
 Rev. vi. 5, 6. " And when he had opened the third seal, Ihecerd the 
 third beast say, Come and see. Aiid I beheld, and la, a black horse ; 
 and he that sat on him had a pair of balances in his hand. 
 
 And I heard a voice in the midst of the four beasts say, A measitre of 
 vshtat for a penny, and three measures of barley for a penny : and «<« 
 thou hurt not the oil and the wine.^' 
 
 The bloodthirsty Commodus was succeeded' b)'' Septi- 
 mus Severus,! one of his generals, the sole object of 
 whose government appears to have been, the establish- 
 ment of the most " rigid justice," as a corrective to the 
 " disordered and dissolute state of the times," by which 
 means he " firmly established the imperial authority, and 
 introduced a new aera in civil history." " In the adminis- 
 tration of justice," says Mr. Gibbon, " the judgments of 
 the emperor were characterized by attention, discernment, 
 and impartiality ; and whenever he deviated from the 
 strict line of equity, it was generally in favour of the poor 
 and distressed ; not so much, indeed, from any sense of 
 humanity, but from the natural propensity of a despot to 
 humble the pride of greatness, and to sink all his subjects 
 to the same common level of absolute dependence." But 
 the Church of God, " weighed in this balance of equity," 
 was estimated to be " an infamous generation ; a people 
 that designed nothing but treason against the state." 
 Under the second Severus,:^ the persecution commenced 
 by the first, was contmued with great severity, and was 
 * A. D. 180. t A. D. 193. t A. D. 233. 
 
22 
 
 so universal in its effects, *' that a writer on prophecy, at 
 this period, declared it as his firm persuasion, that the 
 time of Antichrist was at hand." 
 
 Opening of the Fourth Seal. 
 
 Rkv. vi. 7, S. " And when he had opened the fourth seal, I heard the 
 voice of the fourth beast say, Come and see. 
 
 And I looked, and behold a pale horse : and his navie that sat on him 
 tras Death, and hell followed uith him. And power was given -unto 
 them over the fourth part of the earth, to kill icith sword, and with hun- 
 ger, and with death, and with the beasts of the earth." 
 
 From the accession of Maxi3ii]Vj* " a brutal savage," 
 to the close of this century, was an " tera of desolation " 
 — six princes, in the space of a few months, had been cut 
 off by the sword. The Persians invade the east — the 
 barbarians boldly attack the provinces of a declining 
 monarchy. From the time of Philip, who was murderer! 
 A. D. 248, to Valerian, who " was taken captive by the 
 Persians, there elapsed twenty years of shame and mis- 
 fortune — and the ruined empire seemed to approach the 
 last and fatal moment of its dissolution. Inundations, 
 earthquakes, uncommon meteors, preternatural darkness, 
 and a crowd of prodigies, fictitious and exaggerated," the 
 infidel historian tells us, "decorated this period." These- 
 were followed by " famine, and a furious plague, which 
 from A. D. 250 to 265, in connection wi^h the desolations 
 of war, were suspected by Gibbon, to have consumed, in 
 a few years, the moiety of the human species." From 
 Claudius to Dioclesian, and his colleagues, the empire 
 was partially restored to her former greatness, but the 
 Church, particularly under Decius and Dioclesian, was 
 called to wade through seas of blood. 
 
 CENTURY FOURTH. 
 
 The appearance of this diagram, indicates great com- 
 motion, both in Church and State. Under the tenth per- 
 secution, the severest the Church had ever felt, she is 
 nearly exterminated. This persecution, however, is 
 arrested by the timely interference of Constantino the 
 Great, who in the providence of God, now ascends tho 
 throne as the first Christian Emperor of Rome. 
 
 * A. D. 235. 
 
23 
 
 PERIOD SECOND. 
 
 With this commences the second period of the history 
 of the Christian Church, which extends to the establishment 
 of the Papacy, A. D. 606. The storm of persecution is 
 now arrested not only, but Paganism is abolished, and the 
 whole empire becomes nominally Christian. Paganism, 
 however, before the death of Constantino, began again to 
 revive. After that event, the division of the Empire 
 among Constantino's three sons ; the extensive prevalence 
 of Arianism ; the united persecutions of the Church by the 
 Arians, Jews, and Pagans ; the divided pohcy and senti- 
 ments of Constans, Constantinus and Constantius, respect, 
 ing the Church ; and finally the apostasy of Julian, who 
 restores Paganism, ended in the almost total destruction 
 of its visibility. Under Valentinian, the Church again 
 prospers. Under Valens it is again depressed, and suffers 
 greatly from persecution. Theodosius the great suppresses 
 idolatry, and the empire again becomes nominally Chris- 
 tian. In the midst of all these changes, the two following 
 events appear the most conspicuous — the union of Chukch 
 and State, and the commencement of the decli^^e of 
 Paganism. 
 
 Opening of the Fifth Seal, 
 
 Rev. vi. 9, 10 11. "And ichen he had opened the Jifth teal, I sent 
 under the altar the souls of them that were slain for the word of God, 
 and for the testimony which they held: 
 
 And they cried with a loud voice, saying, How long, O Lord, hohf 
 and true, dost thou not judge and avenge our blood on them that dwell 
 9n the earth 7 
 
 And white robes were given unto every one of them ; and it was said 
 unto Hum that they sJimild rest yet for a little season, until their fellow 
 servants also and their brethren, that should be killed as they were, 
 akould be fulfilled." 
 
 Reference is had in the prophecy of this seal, to the last 
 Pagan persecution, the severest the Church had ever been 
 called to experience. " It was a persecution more sys- 
 tematically planned, and more artfully conducted, than 
 those which Christians had ever known. Indeed, victory 
 at first showed itself in favour of the persecutors, and 
 Christianity seemed to be near at an end." 
 
 Opening of the Sixth Seal. 
 
 Ret. ri. 12—17, and xii. 7. " And I beheld when he had opened &e 
 mxth seal, and, la, there was a great earthquake ; and the sun becam* 
 ilatk Off Bockcloth oj hair, and the moon became ae blood ; 
 3* 
 
24 
 
 And the siars of htatcn fell unto the earth, even as a Jig tree casieth 
 her untimely figs, when she is shaken of a mighty wind. 
 
 And the heaven departed as a scroll when it is rolled together ; and 
 every mountain and island were moved out of their places. 
 
 And the kings of the earth, and the great men, and the rich men, and 
 the chief captains, and the mighty men, and every bondman, and every 
 freeman, Jiid themselves in the dens and in the rocks of the mountains ; 
 
 And said to the mountains and- rocks, Fall on us, and hide us from 
 the face of him that sitteth on the throne, and from the wrath of the 
 ham b : 
 
 For the great day of his wrath is come ; and who shall he able to- 
 stand? 
 
 Ayid there was war in heaven : Michael and his angels fought agaimi 
 tJ\e dragon ; and the dragon foiight and his angels." 
 
 The prophecy of the sixth seal, and of the symbol, may 
 bo considered as receiving their fulfihnent, " in the pros- 
 tration of all the powers of pagan darkness, which had so 
 long governed the world," and the consequent triumphs 
 of the cross under Constantine the Great, in the sud- 
 den deliverance of the Church " from the most abject de« 
 pression to a state of peace and prosperity — but that this 
 fulfilment was only typical of a greater change to come 
 to pass herafter, to which the language of the prediction, 
 in Its full amount, properly belongs." 
 
 OPENING OF THE SEVENTH SEAL. 
 
 Sounding of the First Trumpet. 
 
 Rkv. viii. 7. " The first angel sounded, and there followed hail nvd 
 ftrc mingled with blood, arid they were cast upon the earth : and tJu 
 tJiird part of trees was burnt up, and all green grass was burnt up.'' 
 
 Internal commotions among the northern barbarians 
 drove about a million of Goths into the province of the 
 Roman empire, and others, " exasperated with hunger 
 and the oppression of the Roman governors," soon follow- 
 ed after. " War is resolved on ;" " the banners of the 
 nation are displayed, and the air resounds with the harsh 
 and mournful sound of the Gothic trumpet." Hence foU 
 lowed "the ruin of the peaceful husbandmen of Thrace, 
 the conflagration of their villages, and the massacre and 
 captivity of their innocent families ;" " and the tide of the 
 Gothic inundation rolled from the walls of Hadrianople to 
 the suburbs of Cor.stantinoplc." But, " the reign of The- 
 odosius, A. D. 879 to 395, suspended the evil, and vindi- 
 catcd the honor of the empire." Rome, hov^ever, A. D. 
 310, was three times besieged, and finally sacked hj 
 Alaric, king of the Gotlis. 
 
25 
 
 CENTUBT FIFTH. 
 
 The Roman Empire, about the middle of the fourth cen- 
 tury, began to be infested with the incursions of the north- 
 ern Barbarians ; — but in this, it is divided by them into 
 TEX KiXGDOMS. The corruptions of the See of Rome are 
 now so far in the advance, as to begin to turn her weap- 
 ons of blood against all who would not submit to her 
 growing ecclesiastical assumptions, and thus, the true 
 Church begins to feel the smarting lash of persecution 
 from her vindictive hand. Hence the change of the lines 
 representing persecution, from the outside of the diagram 
 to the in-side. The Church is now persecuted by the 
 Church. This is the commencement of the second, or 
 Papal Persecution. 
 
 Sounding of the Second Trumpet. 
 
 Rev. viii. 8, 9. And the second angel sound-ed, and as il leere 
 a great mountain burning with fire was cast into the sea; and the 
 third part o f the sea hecanie blood : 
 
 And the third fart of the creatures which were in the sea, and had life, 
 died; and the third part of the ships were destroyed." 
 
 This prediction had its fulfilment in the depredations 
 which befel the Roman world, by the naval victories of 
 the Vandals. Genseric their leader, at the head of 50,000 
 effective men, commenced his career of blood and rapine, 
 spreading desolation wherever he went. Where the 
 Vandals "found resistance, they seldom gave quarter." 
 Genseric " resolved to create a naval power that would 
 render every maratime country accessible to their army." 
 " The celerity of their motions enabled them almost at 
 the same time to threaten and to attack the most distant 
 object which attracted their desire." And this " monarch 
 of tiie Sea, when asked by his pilot what course he 
 should steer," rephed, " Leave the determination to the 
 winds ; they will transport us to the guilty coast whose 
 inhabitants have provoked the Divine justice." " Gen- 
 seric continued to his death, the tyrant of the seas." 
 
 Sounding of the Third Trumpet. 
 
 Ret. viii. 10, 11. And the third Angel Sounded, and there feU 
 • great star from heaven, burning as it were a lamp, and it fell upon 
 Hke third part of the rivers, and upon the fountains of waters ; 
 
 And the name of the star is called Wormwood; and the third pari of 
 fiu waters became wormwood; and many men died of the ipaUrt, t»- 
 mt»ge they vicre made bitter." 
 
26 
 
 This prophecy relates to the third a vengirg scourge of 
 the times, the Huns, who had driven the Goths and the 
 Vandals before them, and had spread from the Volga to 
 the Danube. In the reign of Attila, they became the 
 terror of the world." "He was able to bring into the 
 field five, or according to another account, seven hundred! 
 thousand barbarians." After vanquishing in successive 
 engagements, the aimies of the Eastern Empire, which 
 were commenced in 441, Attila, A. D. 450, " prepares to 
 invade the West ; and the waters of the Po, of the Rhine, 
 and of the Nectar, are rendered bitter, " as well as the 
 streams of the Danube. The numbers slain in the bat- 
 tle of Chalons, ha\e been rated from 150,000 to 300.- 
 000." 
 
 Sounding of the Fourth Trumpet, 
 
 Rev. viii. 12, 13. ^' And the fourth angel sounded, and the third 
 pari of the sun uas smitten, and the third part of the moon, and the 
 third part of the stars ; so as the third part of them was darkerud, 
 and the day shone not for a third part of it, and the night liktwisc. 
 
 And I beheld, and heard an angel fying through the miast ofheck- 
 vtn, saying with a loud voice, Woe, uoe, uoe, to the inhabittrs of th'i 
 earth by reason of the other voices of the trumpet of the three angels, 
 xchich are yet to sound!" 
 
 This prophecy relates to the extinction of the impe- 
 rial government" of Rome " in the West." This govern- 
 ment continued for a few years after the sacking of Rorrie 
 by Genseric. After the Vandals were driven from Italy 
 by Majorian, the empire passed into the hands of Ricineu, 
 Glyserius, Julius Nepos, and finally, Orestes ; who, for 
 resisting the demands of the barbarians for ' the third 
 part of the lands of Italy,' was deposed, and Odoacer 
 was promoted tc that dignity. He deposed the last of the 
 Roman emperois, Augustulus Momyllus, A. D. 476, and 
 the seat of empire is transferred from Rome to Constanti- 
 nople. Thus, under Odoacer, who received the title of 
 Patrician, &c. ' the Goths, who before possessed the 
 power, was formally confirmed, and the dominion of the 
 bsirbarians established in Rome.' 
 
 CENTUHY SIXTH. 
 
 It is only necessary to turn the eye upon the history of 
 this century, to discover the rapid approximation of the 
 Romish See, to the final establishment of the Papacy. 
 
27 
 
 P£H!OD THIRD. 
 
 CENTURY SEVENTH. 
 
 The corruptions and growing power ©f the See of 
 Rome, had now ripened into a state which resulted, in the 
 sixth vear of this century, in constituting Boniface the 
 III. UNIVERSAL BISHOP, or head of the Ecclesiasti- 
 cal world. This, together with the rise of the MAnoME- 
 TAN IMPOSTURE, commenccs the period of the middle or 
 dark ages, which extends to the time of the Reformation, 
 A. D. 1517. The purple and the orange colors now de- 
 signate the comparative extent of the Romish See, The 
 orange color is designed to show that that See, though 
 exceedingly corrupt, still retained some of the distinctive 
 features of true Christianity. The green, the rise and 
 progress of Mahomedism ; the yellow in the centre, that 
 of the true Church ; and the crimson, the persecution 
 and suffering of the true Church, from the united jx)wers 
 of the Papacy and Mahomedism. 
 
 PROPHECY. PERIOD SECOND. 
 
 (From the year 606, to the year 1792.) 
 
 This period embraces the whole duration of the Two 
 Great Apostasies, Mohammedism in the East, and Popb- 
 RY in the West, under the three woe trumpets. 
 
 " The first of these describes the two-fold Apostasy in 
 its rise ; the second, in the zenith of its power, till the rise 
 of Antichrist ; and the third describes more particularly 
 the horrors of Antichrist, and the downfall of these three 
 powers together. The two branches of the great Apos- 
 tasy run parallel to each other ; but to avoid confusion, 
 the history of each is given separately. The whole du- 
 ration of this second period is described in Rev. ix-xiv. 
 The, first Woe Trumpet begins to sound A. D. 606, when 
 the two-fold Apostasy commences. The second, A. D. 
 1281, when the four Sultanies subdue the Eastern Empire. 
 The third, A. D 1792, when Antichrist appears." 
 
 FIRST. THE EASTERN BRANCH, OR mohammedism. ReV. ix. 
 
 Sounding of the Fifth Trumpet. 
 1st Woe Trumpet, as it regards Mohammedism. A star 
 falls from heaven to earth — opens the bottomless pit, and 
 
28 
 
 lets out a vast swarm of Locusts, and their leader Apolly- 
 on at their head. Their commission is to torment only 
 the men who had not the seal of God in their forehead. 
 As far as appears, this star was the apostate Sergeus, 
 who assisted Mohammed, or Apollyon, in forging his 
 imposture in the year 606. The Locusts were the Sara- 
 cens, the disciples of Mohammed, who ravaged the earth 
 for 150 years, from 612 to 762, and then rested and 
 settled. 
 
 Sounding of the Sixth Trumpet. 
 2d Woe Trumpet. The four Angels which wero 
 bound in the river Euphrates are loosed for an hour, and 
 a day, and a month, and a year, and the number of their 
 horsemen were two hundred thousand thousand. That is, 
 the four Sultanies who had their dominion on the banks 
 of the Euphrates were no longer restrained, but had their 
 hberty to extend their conquests. And with their myriads 
 of Turks they over-ran and subdued the Eastern Roman 
 Empire, and took possession of Constantinople. The four 
 Sultanies were let loose A. D. 1281, and continued their 
 devastation till the year 1672. In all 391 years. 
 
 SJECONDLY. THE WESTERN BRANCH, OR POPERY. 
 
 Rev. xi — xiv. 
 In Rev. chap, x, the Angel of the covenant produceth 
 the Little Book, which comprehends the next four chap- 
 ters. And in this little book is written the whole history 
 of Popery, during the 1260 years, under the whole three 
 Woe Trumpets. In point of chronology, these four chap- 
 tei's. Rev. xi, xii, xiii, xiv, run parallel to each other, re- 
 lating severally, though with some variety of circumstances, 
 to the same period, and the same events ; so as to form 
 jointly a complete history of Popery. 
 
 1. The prophesying of the two Witnesses, Rev. xi. 
 This chapter takes a view of the whole duration of Po- 
 pery, under the whole of the three Woe Trumpets. By 
 the Temple of God is meant, true Christians ; by the outer 
 Court, nommal Christians ; by the holy City, the visible 
 Church ; and by the Two Witnesses, which are the same 
 with the two olive trees and the two candlesticks, we ara 
 
29 
 
 to understand the two branches of the Church of Clirist, 
 that before, and that after liis Incarnation ; the one found- 
 ed on the twelve Patriarchs, and the other on the twelve 
 Apostles, both which testify with one mouth. This true 
 Church of Christ, founded on the Apostles and Prophets, 
 received political life at the Reformation from the year 
 1530 to the year 1537, under the Elector of Saxony and 
 the Landgrave of Hesse. The Witnesses were slain by 
 the last head of the Beast, or the last form of the Roman 
 Empire, by the instigation of the Pope, at the battle of 
 Malburge, A. D. 1547 ; and were brought to hfe at their 
 victory over the Duke of Magdeburgh, 1550. The Pro- 
 testants soon after became an acknowledged Church, and 
 so ascended into heaven. 
 
 2. The War of the Dragon with the Woman. Rev. xii. 
 This chapter like the preceding treats of the whole du- 
 ration of Popery. Heaven is the general Church, the 
 same as the holy city in the last chapter. The woman is 
 the spiritual church, the same as the temple and the two 
 witnesses. And the part of heaven occupied by the Dragon 
 is the nominal church of the Apostasy, the same as the 
 outer court. The woman clothed with the sun, standing on 
 llie moon, and crowned with twelve stars, is the Church 
 founded by the twelve Apostles, which borrows her light 
 and righteousness from Christ. The man child, is the 
 word of God, of which the world travailed for six centu- 
 ries. The Dragon is the Devil trying to destroy the gospel 
 by encouraging Apostasy, persecution and superstitions, by 
 which he drew the Roman Bisliops to apostatize. The 
 woman flies into the wilderness, into obscurity, during the 
 1260 years. Victory is obtained over the Dragon at the 
 Reformation : and the chief engine of Satan is no longer 
 the church of Rome, but Infidehty, which comes in under 
 tlie third Woe Trumpet. 
 
 3. The Ten-horned Beast of the Sea, Rev. xiii. 
 
 This is the same with Daniel's fourth beast, and means 
 the secular Roman Empire, which was a beast in its heathen 
 state, and five of its heads, or forms of government, had 
 fallen before John's time. The sixth head which then ex- 
 isted, received his deadly wound, and ceased to be a beast 
 
30 
 
 in the time of Constantine, A. D. 313, when tiie Empire 
 professed Christianity. His deadly wound was healed 
 when the Emperor Phocas set up Popery, his little horn, 
 and so became a beast again, to wear out the saints for 
 forty-two months, or 1260 years. The seventh or last 
 head of the beast is in the West, and the eighth head is 
 of the seventh. When Charlemagne was Patrician of 
 Rome, he was the seventh head ; and when he became 
 Emperor of Germany, he was the eighth head, which lasts 
 in some form or other to the end of the 1260 years. 
 
 4. Tlie two-horned Beast of the Earth. Rev. xhi. 11. 
 
 The earth is the Roman Empire, and the beast that 
 springs out of it is Popery, In the year 606, the tyran- 
 nical Emperor Phocas gave Pope Boniface an universal 
 empire in spirituals. The Pope is the head of the beast, 
 the regular and secular Clergy, as distinct ecclesiastical 
 kingdoms, are his two horns. He speaks as Satan moves 
 him, and employs all the power of the Empire, and causeth 
 all to pay devotion to the principles which made the Em- 
 pire a beast, such as worshipping images and persecuting 
 the saints. The two-horned beast made an Image to the 
 ten-horned beast, that is, the Pope restored persecution 
 and idolatry, which the Empire once practised with de- 
 light. The name, not of the Popedom, but of the Em- 
 pire, is Latinus. The mark of the beast is the cross, used 
 for the purpose of cruelty and superstition. The harlot 
 which rides on the beast is the Popedom supported by the 
 Empire. 
 
 5. Of the true Church during the Apostasy. Rev. xiv. 
 
 The 144,000, are the same with the two Witnesses, the 
 line of faithful believers descending from the Apostles, and 
 prior to the. reformation. In the world they had tribula- 
 tion, but they had joy in God, and their character is here 
 described. The three first Angels may be the Lutheran, 
 the Calvinistic, and the English churches, at the time of 
 the reformation. The three last Angels refer to things 
 under the last Woe Trumpet, when the Vials are poured 
 out. 
 
 Thus we have seen that the four chapters of the littk 
 
31 
 
 book run parallel to each other, and take different views 
 of the same subject during the 1260 years. 
 
 Chap. 11. The church in distress and obscurity. 
 
 12. Her conflicts with Satan, and victory over him. 
 
 13. Her sufferings from the Roman Empire and from Popery. 
 
 14. The joy and triumph of the church in her God. 
 
 Preparations for the Third Period. Rev. xv. 
 In this chapter, the seven Angels receive their commis- 
 sion, and are preparing to pour out the seven Vials of de- 
 :st ruction on the great enemies of God and the gospel. 
 In beholding this, the true followers of the Lamb, who had 
 steered clear of Popery, are represented as standing on a 
 sea of glass, firm and tranquil, though living in tempestuous 
 times, and singing the song of Moses, because their enemies 
 are soon to fall. At the close of the second Woe Trumpet 
 in the year 1789, there w-as a great earthquake, and 
 France, the third part of the city, fell. 
 
 CENTURY EIGHTH, 
 CENTURY NINTH, 
 CENTURY TENTH, AND 
 CENTURY ELEVENTH, 
 
 the same as the seventh, with the little variations designa- 
 ted by the contraction or expansion of the lines of com- 
 parison. The Crusades commence at the close of this 
 last century, and continue till the time of the Reform- 
 ation. 
 
 CENTURY TWELFTH. 
 
 . In this century the true Church flourishes under the 
 faithful and zealous Peter Waldo, the founder of the 
 Waldenses. The gospel by him is carried into different 
 parts, and persecution rages to a most fearful extent. 
 
 CENTURY THIRTEENTH. 
 
 The Church during this century, diminishes under per- 
 secutioiM from Papal Rome, whose spiritual dominion had 
 now arose to its highest possible point of attainment. 
 
 CENTURV FOURTEENTH. 
 
 During this century, the great Western Schism, and 
 the extermination of the Albigenses, form the two most 
 conspicuous events, 
 
 4 
 
32 
 
 CENTURY FIFTEENTH. 
 
 The occurrences most interesting in this century are, 
 the revival of karning in Europe, the discovery of Ameri- 
 ca^ and the invention of the Art of Printing, all of which 
 prepared the way for the Reformation, with which com- 
 menc es 
 
 PERIOD FOURTH, 
 
 A. D. 1517, and extends to the present day. 
 
 CENTURY SIXTEENTH. 
 
 At the opening of this century, the Church is greatly 
 reduced, and persecution rages with almost unprecedented 
 fury. But in the midst of an almost total moral and reli- 
 gious darkness, corruption and suffering, the light of the 
 Reformation dawns upon the Church, and under the 
 blessing of her great and glorious Head, continues through 
 
 CENTURY SEVENTEEN, 
 CENTURY EIGHTEEN' AND 
 CENTURY NTXETEEN, 
 
 to increase with great rapidity. The rise and progress 
 of the Reformation, and its division into the various Pro- 
 testant denominations to which it gave existence, are de- 
 signated by the lines which run through the several parts 
 of the diagrams colored yellow, and the names of each 
 are inserted at the top. The Infidel Power takes its 
 rise in the 17th century, assumes a formidable and dis- 
 tinctive character A. D. 1762, and continues through the 
 18th and 19th, and is colored black. 
 
 PROPHECY. PERIOD THIRD. 
 
 (Commences in the year 1792.) 
 THE REIGN OF ANTICHRIST. 
 
 This in reality is the latter part of the second period, 
 and is considered as a distinct period, because a new grand 
 enemy of God now makes his appearance on the earth ; 
 the great Antichrist, who denieth both the Father and the 
 Son. This is the same with Daniel's Inlidel king, or 
 atheistical power, which made his appearance at the French 
 revolution in the year 1762. — The third period begins and 
 ternunates with the third woe trumpet, which begins to 
 
33 
 
 sound August 12, A. D. 1792. Under this trumpet the 
 seven vials of the wrath of God are poured out on the 
 great enemies of his church ; and these vials are the same 
 with the seven thunders, and the last plagues. — This pe- 
 riod, or the duration of the last trumpet, is divided into 
 three parts — The harvest, the intermediate space, and the 
 vintage. The first three vials belong to the harvest ; the 
 next three vials, to the intermediate space ; and the last 
 vial, which lasts much longer, and is far more tremendous 
 than all the rest, belongs to the vintage. One vial is not 
 finished before another begins to be poured out. 
 
 1. The Harvest. Rev. xvi. 
 
 This harvest of God's wrath commenced with the French 
 Revolution, and the first vial began immediately to be pour- 
 ed out on the Latin earth, on the subjects of the Pope, and 
 of the Infidel king. During this harvest, the first three 
 vials are pouring out their dreadful contents, by which we 
 are to understand the miseries inflicted upon mankind by 
 the tyranny of Antichrist ; the horrors, wars, massacres, 
 and devastations which now fill Europe. As these events 
 are not completely fulfilled, we cannot speak particularly 
 respecting each vial. It is however on the whole probable, 
 that we are now under the third and last vial of the harvest, 
 though the two first may still be running. 
 
 2. The Intermediate Space, 
 
 This is the time between the harvest and the vintage, 
 during which three more of the vials will be poured out,! 
 not on Protestant nations, but upon those who have the 
 mark of the beast, and who have shed the blood of the 
 saints ; and upon those who have blasphemed the name 
 of God ; that is, upon Papists, blaspheming Atheists, and 
 Mohammedans. It is conjectured by some, that the first 
 of the three intermediate vials will destroy the French Em- 
 pire ; the second, the Roman Empire ; and the third, the 
 Turkish Empire, to prepare the way for pouring out the 
 last vial of all during the time of the vintage, when all the 
 great enemies of God shall fall together. 
 
 3. The Vintage, 
 The vintage and the last vial are of the same dura. 
 
34 
 
 tion ; and this vial of consummation which lasts for a long 
 while, is of all others by far the most tremendous. Three 
 very important events take place under it. namely, The 
 great earthquake — The fall of Babylon — and the battle of 
 Armageddon. 
 
 1. The great earthquake, or a great revolution which 
 will divide the Latin Roman Earth into three great Em- 
 pires, which probably will be Russia, Germany, and 
 France. 
 
 2. The fall of spiritual Babylon, or the entire subver- 
 sion of the Papacy, which is here called the false prophet, 
 and the harlot, and is the same with the little horn of Da- 
 niel's fourth beast. This is not to take place till the end 
 of the 1260 years. 
 
 3. The great battle of Armageddon. At the close of the 
 1260 years, the Roman beast under his last head, the false 
 prophet, and the Infidel power will be leagued together to 
 make war against the word of God. These three powers 
 will gather their myriads together, and will go forth re- 
 solved to exterminate Christianity from the face of the 
 earth. They will march their numberless hosts to the 
 holy land against the Jews, then beginning to return, and 
 aided by protestant nations. But God in some way or 
 other will come in that day against his enemies, to take 
 vengeance upon them, " And there shall be a time of 
 trouble such as never was smce there was a nation.'* 
 At Megiddo in the holy land, between the Dead Sea and 
 the Mediterranean, these three grand enemies of God and 
 truth, with their myriads, shall fall together, to rise no more 
 for ever. Then shall the remamder of the Jews be gathered 
 from all countries into their own land. After this follows 
 the happy Millennium ; and the whole church shall finally 
 be gathered into everlasting glory. 
 
 Rev. xvii, xvhi, xix. 
 These three chapters are not a continuation of the history, 
 neither do they mtroduce any new subject ; but they give 
 a more detailed account of some branches of the preceding 
 history ; and more particularly of the events that shali 
 take place under the vial of the vintage. 
 
35 
 
 Chap. xvii. This chapter gives us an enlarged account 
 of the church of Rome, the spiritual harlot, the mystic 
 Babylon ; of her union with the Roman Empire ; of her 
 flourishing state while the ten kings gave their power to 
 the Empire, and made war with the Lamb : of her de- 
 clining state when some of the ten kings should hate her 
 and strip her naked : and of her being at last burned with 
 fire. 
 
 Chap, xviii. This chapter contains an account of the 
 Jinal overthrow of the church of Rome, or spiritual Babylon, 
 and shows how all the kings, priests, and people that have 
 traded with her, and refused to come out of her, shall, at 
 the time of her final destruction, be filled with astonish- 
 ment, horror, and consternation. 
 
 Chap. xix. We have here the exceeding great joy and 
 triumph of all true believers towards the close of the 
 1260 years. They greatly rejoice to see the kingdom 
 of Satan fall. They praise God aloud for the glorious 
 progress of the gospel, called here the marriage of the 
 Lamb. They fill heaven and earth with their hallelu- 
 jahs for the complete and final victories of Christ over all 
 antichristian and apostate powers, at the great battle of 
 Armageddon. 
 
 Tlie MiUennium and the glory to co?ne. Rev. xx, xxi, xxii. • 
 
 Chap. XX. The Millennium. — At the commencement of 
 this period, Satan shall be bound for a thousand years, and 
 not suffered to tempt and delude the nations. The pure 
 religion of Jesus shall overspread the whole earth with ex- 
 traordinary power, till all nations shall be filled with hoh- 
 ness, possess the spirit of ancient martyrs, and resemble 
 the inhabitants of heaven : yet none will be perfect till 
 they pass through death to glory. When the thousand 
 years are expired, Satan shall be loosed for a short time : 
 and when the Christians of the Millennium shall have died 
 away, a new race of enemies to Christ shall arise after 
 tliem, who, through the instigation of Satan, shall assemble 
 together from the four quarters of the globe, a host innu- 
 rnerable, and shall make war against the remnant of true 
 believers, but shall not prevail. No, they shall fall by mil- 
 lions, under the heavy wrath of God, for their enmity 
 against his beloved Son and the children of his grace. 
 4* 
 
36 
 
 This will be the last attempt to extirpate Christianity from 
 the earth. Soon after this contest the day of judgment will 
 appear. The two last chapters of the book of Revelation 
 describe the heavenly state and the glory which shall en- 
 dure for ever. 
 
 ISubjoined to the preceding, are the following judicious 
 observations upon the prophecies of Daniel, taken, also, 
 from Jones' Scripture Directory. 
 
 The prophecies of Daniel are divided into five distinct 
 branches: viz. 1. The civil history of the world. 2. The 
 Papacy. 3. Mohammedism. 4. The reign of Infidelity. 
 5. And the reign of the Saints, 
 
 I. The civil history of the world is given in the prophetic 
 dream of Nebuchadnezzar, chap. ii. and in the first vision 
 of Daniel, chap. vii. The four parts of the image in Ne- 
 buchadnezzar's dream, and the four beasts in Daniel's vi- 
 sion, mean exactly the same things, and these are, the four 
 universal empires that should arise one after another in re- 
 gular succession, and extend from the days of Daniel to the 
 Millennium ; which empires are the Babylon, the ^ledo. 
 Persian, the Grecian or Macedonian, and the Roman. — 
 1. The golden head of the image, and the lion with eagle's 
 wings, represent the Bahylonian empire, which was soon 
 after destroyed by Cyrus the Persian. — 2. The silver 
 breasts and arms of the image, and the bear with three 
 ribs in its mouth, are the Medo-Persian empire ; which for 
 cruelty was a devouring bear, and swallowed up three 
 kingdoms, and was itself subdued by Alexander the.iMace- 
 donian, after it had existed two hundred and six years. — 
 3. The brazen belly and thighs of the image, and the leop- 
 ard with four wings and four heads, mean the Macedonian 
 or Greek empire, which, in fifteen years after the death 
 of Alexander, was divided into four separate kingdoms. 
 This empire lasted in all about one hundred and eighty 
 years. — 4. The feet of iron and clay ; and the ten-horned 
 f)east with iron teeth, diverse from all others, represent the 
 Roman empire, which subdued the Macedonian, and was 
 afterwards itself divided into ten kingdoms, and is to con- 
 t'nue in one form or other until the Millennium, and is, of 
 all others, the most formidable enemy to the spiritual church 
 
I 
 
 J 
 
 37 
 
 of Christ. These empires are particularly noticed in pro- i 
 phecy, on account of their violent opposition to, and bloody 
 persecution of, the church of God. j 
 
 II. The second branch of Daniel's prophecy is the Pa- 
 pacy. While Daniel was considering the ten horns, or the 
 ten kingdoms of the Roman empire, he saw another little , 
 
 horn springing up among them, and this little horn is the | 
 Papacy ; not the temporal, but the spiritual kingdom of the 
 
 Pope ; his ecclesiastical tyranny, chap. vii. He continued j 
 
 for some time as a horn, or first bishop, in a harmless state. ^ 
 
 But in the year 606, he was made universal bishop ; and ; 
 
 from that time he became an apostate power, the false pro- ] 
 
 phet, and the man of sin. He takes possession of three of I 
 the kingdoms of the Roman empire, and exercises spiritual ^ 
 tyranny over all the rest. His looks are more stout than 
 his fellows, having iron teeth and a mouth speaking proud \ 
 blasphemies. When the Pope received his spiritual uni- \ 
 versal empire, the saints were given into his hands to per- 
 secute: he made war with them, and prevailed against ' 
 them, and shed more of the blood of the saints of God than 
 all the heathens had done from the foundation of the world. 
 The reign of tlie Papacy is to continue in one form or ; 
 other, as an idolatrous or infidel power, for the space of j 
 1260 years. During which period, the witnesses or saints 
 are to prophesy in sackcloth, or in a suffering condition. ' 
 
 III. The third branch of this prophecy is Mohammedism . 
 As the four great empires seen by Nebuchadnezzar were 
 revealed again to Daniel, for the sake of discovering the 1 
 Papacy r.'sing out of the fourth, or Roman empire : so two ! 
 of the same empires are brought a second time before Da- 1 
 niel, viz. the Medo-Persian cmd Macedonian, under the 1 
 symbols of the ram with two horns, and the he-goat, for 
 the sake of discovering to him Mohammedism ri^ng out of i 
 the the third empire, or Macedonian, chap. viii. — The he- i 
 goat, or Alexander the Macedonian, broke the two horrist 
 of the ram, that is, subdued both Media and Persia. And 
 soon after the Macedonian empire itself was divided into 
 four kingdoms ; and out of one of these, Mohammedism 
 sprang up, under the symbol of another httle horn, diffe- 
 rent from the little horn of the fourth beast, which is Po- j 
 pery. — The little horn of the he-goat, or the spiritual king- j 
 
38 
 
 dom of Mohammed, is thus described. From small begin- 
 ning, he waxed exceeding great; employed his power 
 against the host of heaven, God's worshippers ; and cast 
 down some of the stars, the brightest luminaries of the 
 church, and stamped upon them : magnified himself against 
 Christ, the prince of princes ; polluted and cast down the 
 sanctuary, the church of Christ : took away the daily sa- 
 crifices of prayer and praise, and sacred ordinances : cast 
 down the truth to the ground : practised wickedness, and 
 prospered in it by crafty policy : set up the abomination 
 of desolation, his own abominable religion, which desolated 
 the church of God, destroyed it almost wholly in all Mo- 
 hammedan countries, and left not even witnesses to pro- 
 phesy in sackcloth as in popish kingdoms. 
 
 The two great apostasies, Mohammedism and Popery, 
 commenced in the same year, which, as far as appears, 
 was the year A. D. 606. They are both to last the same 
 length of time, for 1260 years, and then both to come 
 
 down together. During this period of 1260 years, the 
 
 abomination of desolation, or the two apostasies, are to con- 
 tmue ; the court of the temple, or profession of the church, 
 and the sanctuary, or spiritual church, to be trodden under 
 foot ; the woman to remain in the wilderness ; the wit- 
 nesses, or true believers, to prophesy in sackcloth, suffering 
 from the two apostasies. But at the expiration of the 1260 
 years, the enemies of God and his church shall be subdued 
 and destroyed together. The ten-horned beast, or Roman 
 empire ; the two little horns, the Papacy and Mohamme- 
 dism ; and the infidel king, or Antichrist, shall all come 
 down together, to rise no more. Now the sanctuary shall 
 be cleansed, the Jews begin to be restored, and the Gen- 
 tiles called into the church. 
 
 IV. The fourth branch of this prophecy (according to 
 Dr. Faber) is Antichrist^ or the reign of infidelity. As 
 the four great empires were revealed to Daniel to show 
 him the Papacy ; and again, two of these empires to show 
 him Mohammedism : so this third time, nearly the whole 
 is made to pass in review before him, in order to show 
 him Antichrist, chap. xi. This chapter is a connected 
 history of events from the days of Daniel to the time of 
 the end. Thus, the overthrow of Medea and Persia, ver. 
 
39 
 
 I, 2. The power of Grecia, and its division, verse 3, 4. 
 A complete history of the wars between Egypt and Syria, 
 ver. 5 — 10. The sacking of Jerusalem by the Romans, 
 ver. 31. The persecutions of the primitive Christians, ver. 
 32, 33. The conversion of the empire under Constantine, 
 ver. 34. — From ver. 36 to the end of the chapter, we have 
 an account of the rise, progress, and downfall of a new and 
 infidel power, which is to be a monster of wickedness. 
 And this infidel king is Antichrist. And this Antichrist 
 cannot be either of the two little horns, but a new power 
 distinct from both. He does not spring up at the same 
 time with them ; and is described by different marks. He 
 does not make his appearance till after the second (or pa- 
 pal) persecution of the men of understanding, which took 
 place at, the reformation. This new infidel power is thus 
 described : he shall speak marvellous things against the 
 true God, neither shall he regard the gods of his fathers, 
 nor Christ, (whom women desired) nor any other god, but 
 shall magnify himself above every object of worship. And 
 yet he will establish a foreign god, and inferior deities, and 
 shall divide the land among the champions of these new gods. 
 The conduct of revolutionary France exactly answers to the 
 description here given of the infidel king. This atheistical 
 power has cast away the living God and his Christ, and the 
 gods of papists and heathens : and after all decreed that 
 liberty was a god, canonized infidels, and worshipped hu- 
 man reason. And as far as appears, this is the Antichrist 
 that was to come, who denieth both the Father and the Son, 
 wliich the papists never did. And do not the infidel ty- 
 rants which now trample on Europe, answer in every fea- 
 ture to the race of men that Peter and Jude predicted 
 would appear in the latter days on the earth ? See 2 Peter 
 li. Jude's Epistle. 
 
 V. The fifth branch of the prophecy of Daniel is the 
 Millennium, the reign of Christ ; called also the reign of 
 the saints. This is to be the fiflh universal empire ; to 
 begin where the fourth ends, and to last for ever. The 
 Roman empire, the Papacy, Mohammedism, and Antichrist 
 are all to come down together at the expiration of the 1260 
 years, which (if they commenced 606) will terminate in 
 
40 
 
 the year 1866 . Then shall the reign of Christ commences 
 The prophecies respecting the spiritual empire are not here 
 deHvered separately by themselves ; but interspersed 
 through the book, and annexed to each of all the other pro- 
 phecies. And as we are plainly told that the universal do- 
 minion of Christ will commence at the expiration of each of 
 the antichristian powers, this fully proves that they are all 
 to come down together. — When the fourth empire termi- 
 nates, the God of heaven shall set up a kingdom, which 
 shall break in pieces all the former kingdoms, and stand 
 for ever. Now the stone will become a mountain that 
 shall fill the whole earth, chap; ii. — Where the Papacy 
 ends, one like the Son of Man will come with the clouds 
 of heaven, and will receive dominion and glory, and a king- 
 dom, that all people, nations, and languages shall serve 
 him : his dominion is an everlasting dominion, and his king- 
 dom that which shall not be destroyed. And now the time 
 is come, that the saints shall possess the kingdom, chap, 
 vii. — When Mohammedism comes down, then the sane- 
 tuary shall be cleansed, the daily sacrifice restored, the 
 truth prevail, and the host be no longer trodden under foot, 
 chap. viii. — When the Injidel tyrant, or Antichrist comes 
 to his end, then Michael the Prince shall stand up and de- 
 liver his people, every one that shall be written in the book : 
 and they that be wise shall shine as the brightness of the 
 firmament ; and they that turn many to righteousness, as 
 the stars for ever and ever. Blessed is he that waiteth and 
 Cometh to this glorious period, when Christ shall take the 
 kingdom, chap. xii. 
 
 Note. — The church of God has already endured two 
 very severe persecutions ; the first from heathen emperors ; 
 the second from the Papists : a third, far more violent than 
 both these, is yet to come. At the time of the end, the 
 atheistical tyrant and the false prophet, i.e. Antichrist and 
 Popery, will join in league against the rising kingdom of 
 Christ, fully determined to extirpate the religion and church 
 of God from the earth. They shall go forth with great 
 fiiry to destroy, and shall proceed till they come into the 
 land of Canaan, and there they shall finally fall, Dan. xi. 
 41 — 45, When Christ shall come against them in the glory 
 
41 
 
 of his power, there shall be a time of trouble, (to these 
 apostate tyrants) such as never was since there was a na- 
 tion. After this, Christ and his saints shall reign, chap, 
 xii. Let the spirit and the bride continue to cry. Come 
 Lord Jesus. 
 
 The prophetic language of Rev. vi. 5, 6, speaking of 
 things that are not as though they were," and as illus- 
 trated in the vignette at the close of the 19th century, is 
 introduced with a view to impress upon the mind the so- 
 lemn and^momentous truth, that " the end of all things is 
 AT HAND ;" and that we should not forget the accompany, 
 ing injunction — " he soher, and watch unto 'prayer.^'* 
 
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