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COLLECTION OF PURITAN AND
ENGLISH THEOLOGICAL LITERATURE
I
LIBRARY OF THE THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY
PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY
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mprimatur^
O&ober 4.
'«75- ROGER L- ESTRANGE.
i^(^(^mi(^(^m(^(^^f^(^(^f^f^(^(^^f^^
>^>s nr ?m i^.
r T"
STATUS L
ECCLESIiE GALLIC^
OR THE
Eccleiiafticai Hiftory
O F
FRAN CE.
From the firft Plantation of CHRISTIANITY
there, unto this Time : Defcribing the moft notable CHURCH-
MATTERSj the feveral Councils holden in FR^NC^ with
their principal CANON S:i The moft Famous Men , and moft
LEARNED WRITERS, and the Books they have written,
with many Eminent frencb Popes Caj!clinals,Pyclates,Pattours, and Law
yers. A defcriptlon of their UNIVERSITIES with their
FOUNDERS. An impartial account of the State of the Reformed
CHURCHES in FKJNCE- and the Civil Wars there for Re-
ligion : With an exaca fucceffion of the FKENC [■} KINGS.
By the Aiithour of the late Hijiory of the Church of
GPvEAT BRITTAIN.
Hijioria eji lumen Feritath, vitaAntiqHitatis.
K
Y-,
LONDON,
Printed for ihovttK VaffetJger^ti\iQ Three Bibles on LoHdm-
bridges and iitf//>/> ^-zw/z/jat the Sign of the Bible un*
dcrthe riazz(?/« cauf. 2 5.
crimes. And though there Jhould be any fuch thing-,
yet they are jiill curbed in with this Bridle.
' To ufe it in fuch things as are not contrary^ dero-
gatory , nor prejudicial to the Rights and Preroga^
tives of the King and Kingdom., nor againji the fa-
credCoUncilsythe Laws of the 'Vniverfities ^ the
Liberties of the Galilean Church-, and the Ordinan-
ces Royal,
The Clergy of France do not hold their Ecclcfi-
apical Jurifdi^ion of the Popey but of the King
(a) a.
The Preface
Eellarm. alone, herpfoever the Jefuits teach the contrary^ when
q)ntr'ov.*2. '^-^y ^^ "^' ^f^ '^ ^^ *^^^y ^^^^^ • when they conni've^
^.4. C3, 24. at the pnnijhment of crimes, tphereof they have the
C0gnt%ance, the Courts of Farliamentj may inter-
fofe by means of an Appeal, as fr^m Abnfes , efpe-
ciaUy confidering, it is it that grants them jHrifdi-
E^iono'ver Spirituals. And if the Quefiion be of
granting pardon t9 a Frieji , or other Ecclefiajiick^,
not only in a priz>iUdged cafe^bnt alfo in a common
crime by him committed, it belongs to the King only
to grant it, not to the Pope, nor the Bi/hop, And fo it
hath been always accuflomed to be done in France.
Moreover, the Pope cannot there rejiore Clergy-
^ jnen to their former State , Co as to free them from
Ppppn.ca, T . r till- I r ■'
15. & id. the infamy which they hai^e incurred ; nor Lay-mm
des libertez. unlej? it be to rccei-ve them into Orders, Offices , and
Gallic,*' ' ' Ecclefiajiical A^s, not otherwife. As alfo thatwith^
rn this Realm, he cannot pardon or remit the H0110--
rai y Amendsj adjudged by a hay-man,albeit the con^
demnationwere pajjed by an EcclefeaHical Jndge,and
that againU a Clerh^, oi jnahjng fuch Honorary con--
dfiifination apart of theci'vil fatiffa^ign.
The Pope cannot make any 'Unions, or annexations
of the li'z/ings in France, during the life of the In- .
cnmbentSy nor at other times : but he may grant out
tVrits of Delegation concerning unions^ which />.
concei'vedto be done, according to the form prefcri^
bed in the Council of Conftance, and with the con-^-
fent of. the Patron, and not otherwife.
The Kings of France iwz/e always refefved thisf
authftrity and prerogative te themf elves ^to determina
of,
to the Reader.
of the Kefidenc^of BiJh»pfyto compel them to feed
their Flock/-,and K^aii upon their Churches tvhen need
required^and that by fei-^ing upon theirTemporahjta
call them from Rome to return ifJtoFra.nceito difpenfe
with them-, and appro've the caufet of their ahfence*
"the Pope cannot in France difpenfe for any canfe
whatfoever-i with that rvhichis of the harp of Cod
or Nature f or with that wherein the Council/ do not
allow him to difpenfe. And the Ordinances of the
French Kings do exprefly forbid all the Judges of
the Land to have any regard to difpenfations grant-
ed contrary to the facred Decrees and Councils,
upon pain of loiing their places : And declare fur-
thermore^ That fach as procure the faid Provifo's
and difpenfations, (hall not make ufe of them , un-
lefs they get leave and permiffion from his Majeflry.
"Jhe Gallican Qhurch is alfo more free from pay ->
ments to the Pope than the Church c/'Spain , as alfo
to the King. 'the Clergy of France pay only the
Difme ; whereas in Spain the King hath his Terfi-
a's, Subfidio, Py la, Efcufado ; in all a moiety of the
Church- livings.
As to the French Churches feparating from Com'
munion with the Church of Rome, they have often
been brought very low by the Popifh party.
Sad was the condition of the Church of Merin-
dol, which was cruelly rooted out by vertue^ an Ar»
reH of the Parliament of Aix,Me«,^r<7w^« andChil*
dren being dejiroyed. And yet (^ I doubt not^ but
fome fmall remainder of them was preferved. For
fo the fory faith exprefly^ pauci quidem profugi Ge-
( a 2 ) nevani
The Preface
oriand.Ec nevam & alia loca Vicinia pervenemnt. Some few
^' ' * q{ them eCca^ed by ^ight to Geneva ., and other
Neighbouring places.
What Perfecutions did the Waldeiires,(7r Albigen-
fcs filler , Tphen the Tope fent about his Fry an in
FT3.nceQtfeemeth]to preach Crufado's^vh.That rvho-
fo^'ver would ta\e the Badge of the Crof? upon his"
Garment, and ferve the Fope forty days in his Wars
agaifiji thofe Chrijiians rvho ^denyed him obedience^
and oppofed his Pride iind Tyranny, Jhotdd have full
pardon of all his fins ; and if he dyed in the- Wars ■
jhould prefently go to Heaven, and escape the flamejF-
of Purgatory: and by this tneans (as Ire member^ he'
had at one time about aa hundred thoufand of the filly
people in Arms^ whom he ufed againfi the moH faith-
ful Chrifiians-i feeding utterly to extirpate them, and'^
by this me.ws f^ntch Blood ivas Jhed. It woo eafie for
him in ihofe times of darkttefs to draw multitudes of
poor blinds Olds to DeftruSiion. And Reimond, EarL
of Tholoufe, a great Prince, and Peer of France,-
r^as ruined, the Pope fei%ing on hfsEJlate andhold--
ingit unto this day.
(f-J French liiftorian fpe aiding of the bloody maffa-
Thuan.Hift. g^.^ jj.^ ffj^^ Reign (?/ Charles IX. faith, that many wife^
^' ^"^' men that were Papifls themfelves, did thinh^, that i^
all-Antiquity there could not be found an example of
liks crue^. But even then remark^able was Gods-
Providence towards thofe of the Reformed Religion
in France. In the. time of that cruel maffacreat Paris
lJje.?roie{l2(nts being in great fear /hifted for them-
f elves here and there. Among the reft many of them.
- fled
to the Reader.
Hedtoa certain honourable Lady for pr'oteSiion^rvho':
being near of hjn to the King^ was the more hold: b»t\
being a faithfulChrijiian.) (he was alfo willing to re-
cei'vethem. /i io./;. , lu^i : \. .. w^...' uA i.i/Ai
V Hereof complaint being made^fhe King in great\
dif-pleafure commands her to difmiJI them all, n>hich^
Jhe could not tvithjiand : fo that in one day about 3oon
tVaggons {for the mojipart filed with Women and.
young Children^ were confrained to diflodge, and'
without a guard to go to a ftrong Town for the fafe-
ty of their li'z/es. In this Journey they were to paj^
through their bloody enemies, jlragling up and dowm
in ArmeSy and ready to fei%e on fuch a booty. Bu$^
by the fpecial pro'vidence of God^a certain Troop of.
Armed Gentlemen on Horfe-back^ hapned to }me%
ihem^who foon.pcrcei'ving and pitying their danger^
conduMed them along in fafetyy and oft en^ repnlfedt
their enemies that were ready to affail them^ And.
though the Vrench. Kings (Jja've all of themy pro^
feffedtheKomAwKeligiony yet the Lord bath had
manylnftrumentSy who with the ha^arclof-theiir
liz/esy and outward EJiateSy ha've flood for ■ihe'-'de-r:-
fence of his Church-, divers Princes of the Bloody,.
NobleSy Gentlemen and others , and didj}ra»gely, raifsr
his Church again after that horrid, maffacrg\Y., by^.-
which it feemed to ha've beemextinguijhed.
* And King James of happy Memory ^fpeaketh thm..
ef^thofe worthy Patriots whom God raifed up forthe^'
defence ofhts Church at that time, in his bool\ of the.
defence of the right of Kings J. nei>er J{t3ewyet(^faith
he) that the French Proqe/lanta took^ Arms against.
their I-
The Preface^ d^<:.
Jioxnc and F\oi;GncG he fhallMefiroy and burn with
fire, fo as fait may be fo-jved on. that Land. The
greateji Clergy who haulgar Revelations. Whether
this Prophecy hath any weight in it, 1 refer my felf
to other Mens Judgements: :yJhea G^^ hath ap-
ppint^djt to be done , he will touch their hearts
that (hall do it.
THE
THE
Ecclefiaftical
HISTORY
O F
FRANCE.
Century I.
Eing about to write theHiftory of the CaVkan Churchy - . « -,
I fliall begin with tlie firft Plantation of the Gofpel chriftianogc.
in France.
Some Writers tell us, that Fhilip the Apofile, of
the City cf Bethftida, firft preached the Gofpel in
France j and having afterwards prcaclicd in Fhry-
gia^ he Was honourably buried with his Daughters
at HierapoVs. Others fay, that the Chriftian Faith was iirft planted Hcylin's cof-
among the Cauls by fonne of St. Peter's Difciples, fent thither by him ™osr-^'*-''
at his firft coming to Kome, Xyflus, Fronto, and Juliama^ the firft Pa-
ftors of Rhemes, Teregort and Mantz, being faid to be of bis Ordaining
in the Martyrologies.
The like may be affirmed, (but on furer grounds) oCl'rophinm, faid
to be the firft paftor, or Biftiop of Arler. For, afterwards in a con-
troverfie betwixt the Archbiftiops of Kwwj in France and Aries, for
the Dignity of Metropolitan, in the time of Pope Leo the firft, it was
thus pleaded in behalf of the Biftiop of Aries, ^od primn inter Gal
£
/wf.
X'^t etcuumtiii ^miv cem. i.
/?jf, &c. That Aries of all the Cities of Gaul, did firft obtain the hap-
pinefs of having 'trophimus ordained Bifliop thereof by the hands of
St. Feter. "Trpphimts was a partaker with St. Faul in all his afflidions,
and his daily companion. Zofimw writeth, that out of his Spiritual
Fountain alLthe Rivers and Brooks of Trance were filled. Neither is--
St. Faul to be denied, the honour of fending fonje of his Difciples thi-
ther alfo to preach the Gofpel.
Zufcb. EccleT. Crefcens^ a companion of St. Faul, mentioned by him in his fecond
^''^•^'''■^■"P"*' Epiftlei-nto Ihnothy, is faid to have departed into Galatia^ 2 T'iw. 4.
10. which Eufebiiii faith was France. That he was the hrfx Bifliep of
Viemia foremen tioned, not only the Martyrologies, but alfo -4(io Vi~
ennenfu^ an ancient Writer of that Church doth exprefly fay. And
that it was into this Countrey that he fent Crefcens at that time, and
not into Galatiain Afii Mimr^ the tefiiraonies of Epiphanm and T^he-
Doroth. de Lxx odoret^ which affirm the fame, may fufficiently confirm. Vorotheus faith,
^^'^' that drefcens preached the Gofpel in France^ and was there martyred
and buried in the time of Trajan the Emperour.
In the Hiftory of Lazarus and Maximirins, we find, that they with
Mary Magdalen, and her fifier M(«r//'^ came to Marfeillei. Maximhms
■was-onc of the feventy Difciples of Chrift, as divers Authors tell us.
- The French Antiquities tell us, That after the Afcenfion of our Lord,
Anno 1 4. the Jews raifed fo horrible a pcrfecution againfl the Chriftians,
that the moft part fled whither they could : That Maxfminus accom-
panied with Lazarus^ took Mary M^gdalen^ Martha. Marcella her hand-
" maid, and feme others, and committing themfelves to the Sea to avoid
the fury of the Jews, they arrive at Marfeilles^ where the Prince of Mar.,
feiiles was baptized. Lazarus beca-ine firft Pallor of Marfeiles, and
Maximimts of Aquens. They were ordained to thofe Churches in the
Year cf Chrift, 46. in which Year thefe Authors tell us, that Simon
the Leper (whom our Saviour cured of that infirmity) was Ordained-
to be Minifter of Metitz^ Cenomanenfutm in the Latin.
In the Year following, Martial was fent into France^ who Convert-
ed dir-ers Provinces and people, as the Annals of France do 'plainly te-
fUfie.
In the Year of Chrift 48. Apbordifius^ by birth an Egyptian , and
Governour of all Egypt, at the time when our Saviour being driven
into Ezypt-, the Idols of the Temples there fell down, being the Difci-
ple of St. Peter at Ayttioch, was Conftituted Paftor of Bmrges in trance.
After he had preached there fix years he died, and Z'rf.mis (whom-
fome call NathaaaelJ (ucceeded him
Anno Cbiiiii 54. Tar'.-is S^rgiic was alfo Conftituted Paftoi of the.
Chuich of Nurbon.
A8t«i. de-Ma- About this time C/fwe?(iSirnamed Flavius^ with Celefius nAFtlix^
cb|ire2, Lib. 2.ii and oiT Countrey man y^vifuetas, came alfo into France^ and preached ;
*^^-- ■ the GofFv! there : fo did ^w^jfijr with others. Eifingre-,
Cent. 2. Of F R A N C E.
'Eifingrenius out of divers Authors proveth, that Savimanus, or 5a- pjrtf.di'ftbT.'j,
bims, one of t-he LXXII Difcipks of Chrift, was by St. Feter the Apo-
flle fent into France^ and was Bifhop of 5e»j-, when Claudius was Em-
perour, Amo Chrijli 54. and that unto him fucceeded in the Year 74..
Totentianus, who afterwards was an Holy Martyr.
Century II.
IN the feeond Century under the Empire of Marcus Aureliur^ about sulpit. Sever,
the Yeai of our Lord, i58. Chriftian Religion began to fprcad in "^'^°''; ®''"'
France^ and then firft began Martyrdoms, as Sulptittr Severus
faith, who was a Gaul, and lived near about that time. Under Au'
reliw Son of Antoninus (faith he) the hfth Perfecution was moved, and
then firft Martyrdoms were feen in France^ the Religion of God having
paft very late over the Alpes, being feriouily received, and finctrely en-
tertained there. ...■■; ;.i,
Many Chriftians there fuffered Martyrdom by the Ern'fj'etC'ur's Cruel
Edids, among whom the Martyrs at Lions and Vienna (by both which
Cities the River K^oJ^»«* doth run) were the moft eminent.
The Holy Churches there, fent a Letter touching their Martyrs unto
the Churches throughout Afia and Phrygia, the Title of which EpilHe Hift^L-f/'^-''"''
thus beginneth 1, "The Servants of Chriji inhabiti>ig Vienna a^td Lioiis,
Cities of France, unto tht Brethren throughout Afia and Phrygia, obtain-
ing with us the fame Faith and Hope of Redemption^ Teace^ Grace and
Glory from God the Father, and Chriji Jefus our Lord, he iKultiplycd.
. Having premifed certain things by way of preamble, they proceed
in thefe words. Thegrcatnefs of this our Tribulation, the furious rage
Of the Gentiles againiT the Saints, and what things the blcfled Martyrs
have liiffered, we are able exa the Prefident demanding whether he were a Chriftian, he
B 2 conicircd
acfte eetieftatticai i^tfto^r cent. 2.
confefTed it with a loud voice, and fo was received into the fellowfhip
of the Martyrs, and called the Advocate of the Chrijiianf. Then they
declare, that Ten weak Chriftians, notable to bear the burden of fo
weighty a combate fell in time of Perfecution, to their great heavinefs,
and forrowful lamentation. They .add, that out of both thefe Churches
as many as ruled and bare the greateft fway, were taken and executed.
Great was the whole rage both of Prefident, People, and Soldiers a-
gainft Sdn^us^ Deacon of the Church of Vienna^ and againft Maturuf,
lately Baptized, yet a notable warriour, and againft Attaltu a man of
Fergar,!HS, who was a Pillar of the Faith, and SigimR-Blandi»a, who =
at the time of her anfvver was fo replenifhed with Grace from Above,
that the Executioners which tormented her by turns from morning to
right, famted for wearinefs, and ceafed, confeffing themfelves over-
come, marvelling that as yet (he drew breath, having her whole body
rent in pieces, and the wounds open i they confefiing withal, that one
of thefe Torments was of force fufficient to coft Her her life, much
more fo many and fo great fufferings : But this Bleffed Woman like a
Noble Wreftler, was renewed at her Confellion i for as oft as (he pro-
nounced, I iim a ChriiiiaH^ neither have rpe committed any evil: She
was refre(hed, and felt no pain of her punifhment. And fuch was the
conf^ancy of 5'j«c7w, that in the midft of his Torments, he uttered
neither his own Name, neither his Kindred, nor the Countrey whence
he was, but unto every Qu.eftion he anfv/ered in the Roman Tongue,
J am a Chrijlian : Thus confe(red he often, neither could the Gentiles
get any other Language of him. When the wicked Tormentors a few
dayes after had brought him to the place of Torment, and well hoped,
that if they puni(hed him now (having his whole body pufftup with
fwelling and feftered wounds, fo fore that it might not be touched, no
not with the leaft fingerj they (hould overcome him,or that if he died tn-
torment, they (hould terrifie the reft j none of all thefe happened unto
him, but beyond all mens expeftation, his body was releafed of the
pain, recovered it's former fhape, and the memlsers were re(iored to
their former ufe. .
Then Biblis, a Woman, was grievoufly tormented, who in the midtl
of her Torments, ciyed out unto the Tormentors, and faid. How could
they devour Infants, which were not fuffered to fuck the blood of
brute Beads ? Then She confelEng her felf a Chriftiao, was brought
to Execution. .
They (hew, that Fhotinm Bi{hop of Lro»/ after great Torments was
ca(i into prifon, being about ninety years old, being weak of body,-
fcarce able to draw breath, creeping on apace, and being (^rengthenei :
in Spirit for the conceived joy of Martyrdom which he defired. : He-
was carried by the Soldiers, and laid before the Tribunal- Seat, -accom-
panied with the Potentates of the City j and xhe whole Multitude^ ani .
being; J
Cent. 2. Of FRANCE.
being demanded of the Prefident, who is the God of the Chriftians >
Anfwered, If thou become worthy thou (halt under ftand : After this
Anfwer, fuch as were neareft to him pricked at him with the hand,
and fpurned him with the foot, reverencing his years nothing at all j
and thofe that flood afar off threw at his head whatfoever they had in
their hands : He almoft breathlefs is thrown into prifon, where after
two dayes he departed this Life.
Maturui, SanClus, Blandina and Attalitf , were led unto the brute
beafts in the publick;fpedacle of the Heathens. MatHrw and Sandus
were diverfly Tormented with all kinds of punifhments, as if they had
faffered nothing before : At length, after they had endured this grie-
vous Tryal, they were beheaded. Bhndina was hanged in chains on a
Gibbet fo low, that the wild beafts might reach her ; after that (he had
hung a long while, and no Beaft touched her, (he was taken down,caft
into prifon, and re(erved for further Torment.
AttalM alfo a Famous Man, and notably exercifed in the Chriftian
Profeflion, was led within compafs of the Theatre with a Scroll be-
fore him, wherein was written in the Roman Tongue, "thU U Attalm
the Chrijiiaii. The Prefident knowing that he was a Roman, com-
manded him to be imprifoned, and clofely kept with the other prifo-
ners, concerning whom he had written unto C^far^ and expeded an
Ahfwer.
Alexander, a fhrygtan born, and a Phyfician, having dwelt in France
many years, a man well known for his great Zeal towards God, and
boldnefs of fpeech, (iood hard by the Tribunal-Seat, and comforted-
and encouraged many Martyrs at their Examination : When the peo-
ple that f^ood by took in evil part that they which before had recant-
ed, did now confefs Chrift, with one confent they cry out againft Alex-
ander as Author thereof : Then the Prefident demanding of him what
he was, he Anfwered, I am a Chrijiian ; for which Anfwer he was al-
lotted to be torn in pieces by the wild Eeafts.
Attains was fryed to death in a fcalding Iron Chair, fo that the (a-
vour of his broiled body filled their noltrilsi who being demanded'
what Name God had, Anfwered, Cod is not called after ilte manner
of Men,
Blandina^ together with Vonticus (a youth of fifteen years of Age)
was brought forth, whom they would have compelled to (wear by
their Idol's Name : But they contemning their Idol, the multitude
were enraged againft them, tormenting them with all manner of pu--
ni(hm«nts. Fonticpts being comforted and confirmed by Blandtna \a
prefence of the Pagans, after he had fuffered moft exquifite Torments
yielded up the Ghoft. Laft of all, Blandvia like a m'blc Mother, hav-
ing exhorted her Children, and fent them before as Conqucrours unto
the King, pondering with her felfall the punifhrnents of lier Cliildren, .
h aliened i
6 %\yt cccleftafttcai m^m cent. 2.
Iiaft'ened after them, joying and triumphing at her end, as if (he had
been invited, and going to a wedding dinner : After fcourging, after
combating with wild Beafts, after the broiling of her body as it were in
a frying-pan, at length fhe was wrapped in a Net, and tumbled before
a wild Bull, which fanned and toffed her on his horns to and fro, yet
had (he no feeling thereof, in the end (lie was beheaded ■-, the Pagans
themfelves pronouncing, That never any Woman among them was
heard to have fuifered io many, and fo great Torments.
As many as were choked with the roifom ftench of the prifon, were
thrown to be devoured of Dogs, the Pagans keepifig a watch day and
night, that none of them might be buried by chcir Friends. To be
fliort, after thatthe bodies of thebklTcd Saints liad been every kind of
way fpitefully and fcornfuUy entreated, ^ying (ix whole dayes urbu-
ried, at length they were burned to afres, the adies alfo rnty gather-
ed together, and fcattered in the River Kbodanns which pafTed by, fo
that no jot or relique thereof fliould any longer icn ain upon the earth.
This they did, that there might (as they faid) bt no further hope of
their Refurredion. ^
Ireiuus ("after Fhotinns) was Bifhop of Lfojtr, he flouri(hed in the
dayes of the Emperour Commodus, his meek difpolition, and peaceable
carriage, anfwered to his Name 'Ei^-mw®^ , that is, Peaceable^ and
made his Name to be in great account among Chriftians.
Eufeb.Eccien The Martyrs forementioned did highly ccmtnend Iren£us unto E-
Hift.Lib.>4. l^iitherius Bifhop of Rome^ as their own words do declare in this man-
ner i father Eleutherius, rve wijh you health in all things^ and alrvayes
in God. We have reqpiejled Irenaeus our Brother and Feliorv-labourer^ to
deliver yon thefe Letters^ whom tve pray you to accept cf^ as a zealous
folloxcer of the Will of Chrijf, For if roe anderjiood that any marts degree
yielded forth ^ a>td delivered Kighteoufnef unto the Graduate^ namely^ ai
being Miriijier of the Church which this man it, rve mould have chiefly
commended this in him.
ireuLib;-' cap;?. '£'^fibins hath fct down out of Iremuf a Catalogue of the Roman Bi-
" (hips unto his time.
iren. Lib.a.cap. Irenius (heweth, how unto his time Miracles were wrought-by the
5"- faithful : fome (faith he) do foundly and truly caft out Devils, others
have the foreknowledge of things to come, they fee Divine Dreams,
and Prophetical Vifions s others cure the difeafed, and reftore them to
health by their layirvg on of hands. The dead werc-raifed to life (faith
he), and lived together with us many years. Again, in another phce,
Jrenmns thus writeth. We have heard of many Brethren in the Chnrch
which had the gift of prophefying, which were able through the Holy
iren. lib, 5. Ghoft tp fpeak with fund ry Tongues, which could reveil the fecrets
of men where it fo behoved, and expound the dark myfteries of God.
Then arofe a Controverlie about the keeping of Eafier ■•, for the
Church
Cent. 2. Of FRANCE.
church of the Weft, and part of that of the Eaft did Celebjate the
Feaft of Eafter upon the Lord's day : but part of the Church of tlie .
Eaft did Celebrate it upon the fourteenth day of the Moon of March^
not looking for the Lord's day. Towards the end of this fecond Cen-
tury, Vidor^ the fucceffour of EleutheriusBlihop oiKome took that bu-
finefs in hand with eagernefs, and for that caufe feparated the Oriental
Churches from his Communion. Polycrates Bi(hop of Epbefus refifted
him i FiSor being incenfed with that reiiftance, excommunicateth all
the Eaftcrn Churches. Enfebius faith, That this did not pleafe all the
Biftiops, wherefore alfo they made him a contrary Command, that he
(hould keep Peace, Union and Charity with his Neighbours. Among
other Examples he brings forth theEpiftle of Irenxus toViSor, where-
by he accufeth him to have violated Charity, and to have departed
from the Example of his Anceftors. Ktiffinus relateth the fame.
Efifebiui makes mention of what lren£uf wrote concerning the Holy
Canonical Scriptures, and the tranflation of the Septuagint. Iren£us
wrote divers Epiftles to confute fuch as at Kome corrupted the fincere
Rites of the Church : He wrote one to Blaftus of Schifm, another to
Elorinus of Monarchy, or ftiewing that God is not the Author of Evil,
which Opinion J^lorinit! feemed to be of, but afterwards he was fedu-
ced with the Errour of Valentinus. Irenxns in his Epiftle to Vhrinus^
Reporteth, that he had converfed with Tolycarpus^ fo that heremem-
bred the place where Volycarpus fate when he taught, his courfe of Life,
the figure and proportion of his body, the Sermons he made unto the
Multitude, the report he made of his Converfation with St. John the
Apoftle, and others which faw the Lord ; how he remembred their
fayings, and what he heard our of their mouths touching the Lord-, of
his Power and Dodhine, Thefe things (faith he) I diligently marked
and printed them in my heart : And 1 am able to teftifie, if that Holy -
and Apoftolick Elder had heard any fuch thing, he would have
piefently Hopped his ears, and reclaimed it. To be fliort, this may be
reported for true out of the Epiftles which he wrote for the Confirma- ■
tion ot the bordering Churches, or out of the Epiftles which he wrote .
to certain Brethren for Admonition. or Exhortation- fake. Thus far .
Iren£Jtj.
There are but few of the Fathers but have fnme particular Opinion
which the- Church of Korae difalloweth as well as we. The Learned .
Dr. Vit Moulin mentioneLli many of the Ancients, and among them Dy^/[o„i;n
J>-en.?ns^ who faith, th:t Jcfus Clirift Taught until the Age of tony or contr.Pcrmnt.r
iifty years. Fevardent^ who hath Con,incnted upon the Book hath ^'''•'•"P"'^"^'
writttn in the Murgin, N^viti de xtatc Chrijii ; it is a fault of henxits
about the Ac,f- of Cbiift. The fau.e Father alfo Tcacheth, that the -
Souls feparu{. d from the bodies have a bodily fliape, and keep the cha-
rader or form of the body to which they were joyned. The fame Ire-
r,£us .
8 ^Cfte ccciefiafticai #t(lo?^ Cent. ^
O'
Jren,Lib.4. cap. «^«t faith, That the Law was not given to the Fathers that lived before
the Law, becaufe they were Righteous, and there was no need they
fhould be warned by Reprehenfions : but that this Righteoufnefs be-
ing given in Egypt^ God then had given his- Law. The fame Father
in the Fifth Book, Chap. 33 and 34 brings in bodily FeaAs after the
Refurredion, becaufe Chrift faid, He (hould drink of the New Fruit
of the Vine in the Kingdom of his Father, The fame Father oppofeth
them as Hereticks, that hold that the Souls of the Faithful departed do
enjoy the Heavenly Glory. His Opinion was, that at their going out
of the Body, they go down into an mvifible place where they expe^
the Refurredion.
Be'ldes thofe Epiftles of hensus forementioned, there is extant an-
otlier very learned and necefTary Book of hisagainft the Gentiles, En-
tituled A Book^of Science^ or, Knoivledge : Another unto Marcianus his
Brotlier, Entitvikd, A Dechratiofi of the Apojiles treaching : And an-
other Book of divers Trads, where he makes mention of the Epiftle
to the Hebrews, and the Book of Wiflom, called Solomon's.
lExPlafifliin '" ^^^ timcof the Empciom. Commodns, P eregrinus Aouii(hed, who
viu sixti. had been fent before by Xijim Bifhop o( Kome into the parts of France,
tofupply there the room of a Eilhop and Teacher.: Becaufe of the
horrible Perfecutions thereabcur, thofe places were left defolate and
deflitute of Minifters and Inltrudorsi where after he had .Preached
with much fuccefs among the Flock of Chrift, and had eftablifhed the
Congregation there, returning to Rome he there jiniflied his Martyr-
dom. Six feveral Synods were held about the Obfervation of Eafter,
and the fourth was held in France, in which Iremus was Chief.
Century III.
Fter the Death of the Emperour Commodus, Reigned Teryinax
but few months,after whom fucceeded Septimius 5fwrKr,under
whom was raifed a notable Perfecution againft the Chriftians.
Great Perfecution was ftirred upon every fide, whereby an infinite
number of Martyrs were (lain, as Eufebius reporteth.
Vincent Lib. ii. ViHceHtiHS fpeaketh of one Andoclus, whom Tolycarpus before had
■ Ex'tiirtyroi. ^^"^ it'to France •, which Andoclus, becaufe he fprcad there the Do-
drine of Chrift,was apprehended of 5fvewx,and firft beaten with ftaves,
and after was beheaded.
About
Cent. 5. Of FRANCE.
About the fame time died Iremus. Henry of Erford^ Ado, and other
Martyr- writers do hold. That he was martyred with many more for the
Confeffiou and Dodrine of Chrift, about the fourth or fifth year of 5f-
vems. This Iren£ut, as he was a great Writer, fo was he greatly com-
mended of 'tertulliaH for his Learning, whom he calleth, Omnium do-
Urinarum mriofidimum exploratorem, a great fearcher of all kjndof learn-
ing. In the time of this Iren£us, the flate of the Church was much
troubled, not only for the outward perfecution of the foreign enemy,
but alfo for divers Sefts and Errours then fiirring, againft which he di-
ligently laboured, and wrote much, although but few Rooks be now
remaining.
CalixtHS fucceeded Zepherinus Bi(hop of Kome, and after him Vf^
banus^ which both (as fome Writers affirm) did fuifer under the Em-
perour Alexander Severus : This Calixtus in his two decretal Epiftles
written to BenediSius, and to the Biftiops of France, giveth forth divers
Ordinances concerning the Bidiops and Minillers of the Church. J'in-
centius affirmeth, that Calixtus was tied to a great lionc, and fo out
of a window was thrown into a ditch.
Under the Emperour Vecius Tas Gregory of T'onri obfervethj Gra- crcgor.Turo-
tianamt: to fours to preach the Gofpel among the Pagans, Anno Chri- nenf. Hift. L.ib.5.
jii 252. Saturnimis preached at T.holo::fe, and was the tirft BlQiop of
that place. Dionyfms alio came fo Yaris, where he was Biihop, and
fuffered Martyrdom : This is he who is falfly named Vionyfms, or Ve-
m the Areopagite. Saturninus alfo was thrown down from the Ca-
pitol of Iholonfe : KttjiicHS and Eleutherius alfo there furfercd Mar-
tyrdom.
The Author of St. Omer\ Life relateth, that fufcianus and ViUnri-
ttus the Companions of Vionyfms preached at the fame time the Faith
of Chrift. Tiiat St. ^intin did the fame among the Ambianians,
and futfered Martyrdom.
Anrelins Trobus being inverted with the Empire, Anno 276. went
into France where he regained fixty Towns out of the Barbarians
hands, and killed of them near feventy thoufand. Having quieted all
things in France, he went into Sclavoniit^ and overcame the Nations in
Scythia -t And being gone thence into the Eaft, he gave battel to the
Ferfians, and having overcome them, arrd taken fonie of their Cities,
as he was returning to Italy, palling through Sclavonia, he was killed
at Sirmium by the Soldiers, Anno 2S2.
M, Aurelius Cartts ^ born at Narbon in France, fucceeded Trobus^
who foon after Created his Sons Carinas and Numeriamts Ccefars : And
having fent Carinas into France, to keep it in peace, he with his Son
Nttmerianus went againft the Ferfutus -y there, having overcome Mefi'
potamia, he was ftrucken dead by a Thunderbolt. Nttmerianus was flain
J)y the confpiracy of Aper his Father in Law. Carinas was flain by a
C Tribune,
lo %l^t CCCleftaftHcai l^tftO?^ Cent.
Tribune, whofe Wife he had defloured : ViocJefian fucceeded him.
Vioclefian upon his Eftablifhment, aflcciated unto him hUximianut
Hercules in the Government of the Empire, and they both chofe Con-
jtant'nis Chlorus and GaUriits to be their Colleagues, and they were
Created Csfars.
In the time before the Tenth Perfecution, the Church of Chrift hav-
ing had above forty years of outward reft and peace through the con-
nivance and indulgence of fome Emperours {viz. from the death of
Valerian until the nineteenth year of Vioclefian) this profperity being
abufed by the. Clergy, and other Chriliians unto idlenefs, contentions,
' e^-c. moved the Lord to fcourge them v whereupon followed that (harp
and cruc] Psrfecution under Vioclef^aH : Maximia?ius in the Weft, and
Dioclefian in the Eaft bent all their Forces to root out the profelfion of
Chriltian Religion i rioc/fJ!;?;? endeavoured to deftroy all the Churches
and Temples of the Chriftians, that they might not AiTemble together
to Pray, and to ufe Divine Service , he burnt all the Books he could
get of the Holy Scripture, and would not permit any man if he were a
Chriftian to hold any Office or Magiftracy : The Soldiers being Chri-
itians, which would not renounce their Faith, he caftiiered, and depri-
ved of all military honour, and fome of their lives. Many of the Bi-
fbops were plundered, llain and martyred. Great Cruelties were exer-
cifed againft the Chriftians in E^vp*, Syria^ Fbrygia, and in other parts.
Vincent in Spe- VincentiuT faith, That at7rieri (which is a City fituated by the River
cijl. Lib. i2. idofella) one 'Kietionarius exercifed fo great cruelty, that the River was
red with the blood of the Chriftians that were flain. In f ranee like-
wife he feni Pofts up and down hither and thither with Decrees, and
exprefs Commiliions to this end, that in whatfoever place any Chri-
ftian was founc, he ftiould prefently be put to death.
But theie tv,o bloody Emperours, feeing the number of the Chri-
ftians rather to eiicreafc than to diminiih, notwithftanding all the cru-
elty that they could fliew, and having now (as it werej their till of
blood, they ceafed at laft of their own accord to put any more Chri-
ftians to death i and finding themfelvei not able to deftroy the Church,
they gave over the Empire, and became private men.
Cojijiantius Cblcrus, and Maximinns Galnius fucceeded in the Em-
pire. Conftantitis parted the Empire with Galerim, and would Rule
but in Britain^ Spain and France. GaUrius chofe to him his two Sons,
l\I:ixii?n!t:is and Severus •, and CoTiiiantius took Conilantine his Son de-
far under him. CcrAantius was a great fupporter of the Chriftians 5
And when in the other JurifdiiSions of the Empire the Congregations
;' ^ ef the Chriftians were molefied with PerfecutioDS, Cof^tantius gave lir
berf y to the Chriftians^
CENT. IV.
Cent. 4. Of FRANCE. 11
Century IV.
COnfiantiHS dying at TorJ^, CoHJianttHe his Son fucceeded him in anno %a6i
the Empire : Cnnfiantine who Ruled Trance^ did not only ab-
ftain from (bedding Chriftian blood, but alfo had the Chri-
ftians in great efteem : Nazarins and Patera were efteemed rare Ora-
tours in France, living at that time.
The Hiftories of thofe Times make mention of one Sebafliait a Mar- Fox as. & m<^
tyr, he being born in that part of frame called Gallia Narbonenjh, was "™' ° '
a Chriftian, and a Lieutenant General in the Army of Visclefian, who
alfo encouraged many Martyrs of Chrift by his Exhortations unto Con-
ftancy, and kept them in the Fairh -, He being therefore accufed to
Viockfiatt, was apprehended, and brought into the open field, where
of his own Soldiers lie was thruft through the body with innumerable
arrows , and after that his body was thrown into a jakes or fink,
St, Ambrofe makes mention of this Sebajiian the Martyr in his Com-
mentary upon the 1 18. Pfalm.
Cottftantine xclkottd Peace unto the Church, Anm jii. he P^eigned
thirty and two years i great Tranquility enjoyed the Church under this
good Emperour. Before he had fubdued Licmus, he fet forth many
Ed ids for the reftitution of the Goods of the Church, for the revo-
king the Chriftians out of Exile, for taking away the DilTentions of
the Dodors out of the Church, for the fetting of them free from pub-
lick charges : A Copy of his Conftitutions may be feen in Eitfebm his
Ecclellaftical Hiftory, in his tenth Book and fifth Chapter.
In the fourteenth Year of Conjlantine there was holden a Council at
Wee, for the debating of the Controverfie about the Feaft of Eafter,
and for the rooting out the Herefie of Arm, There was likewife a
Council holden at Aries under ConftaHtine''s Reign.
Co>i\}aiitine left three Sons, Vfhom he had by Faufia, Maximian's
Daughter, Heirs of the Empire, who alfo divided the Empire among
themfelves. A fudden Sedition after their Father's death embroiled
them all in blood and wars, by the commotion and diffimulation of the
Emperour ConJiaatJHS.
In his Time the Arrian Herefie, which for feat of CondaKthte had
been fupprefled, began now again to lift unit's head, iox Conjiautius
propagates that Herefie.
Hilary Bi(hop of VoiVners in France, lived under the Reign of Co>i-
jlantius, a man in Religion conftant, in Manners meek and courteous;
he wrote (harply againft the Ariant \ he was baniflicd immediately af- Ruffin.tib.i.
C2 tcr""-^'-
Cent.4..cap. 10.
13 Cfte cccUfiafiicai i^ifio?^ cem. 4.
"V _ ■ - ■--.-.,..■—...-■ .. ■■ .. ■ _
Kr the Council of Milan into Thrygia, as fome fuppofe. Among di»
vers others, he dedicated his Book, Ve Synodis fidei Catholics contra:
Arianof, to the Bifhops of the Provinces of 'Britain^ during his Exile
for the Orthodox Faith, comn^ending them for their conftancy in the
profellion of that Faith.
Theodor.Lib. '. "Ihegdoret vfn\.Qi\ that he was banifhed to "Thebaida^ and recalled
wp^4., from Exile again under Julian : But it is more apparent that he re-
mained in Fhrygia until the Council of Seleucia^ unto which Council
he was brought from banifhment i not by any fpecial Commandment
from the Emperour, but by a general command given to his Deputy
Hift. Magdeb. Leonos^ to affemble toeether the BiQiops of the Eall, under pretence of
executing the command ot the Emperour, Hihary being banilhed m
the Eart, was brought to the Council of Seleucia i from thence he went
to Conjiantinople : The Emperour refafed to hear him difpute with the
Arians in matters of Faith, but gave him liberty to return to his own
Countrey again. He took great pains to purge the Countrey of France
from the Arian Herefiei and he prevailed fo far, that Jerome com-
pares him to Veitcalicon^ who both faw the flood of waters overflow-
ing Ihejfalia^ and the abating of them alfo ; even fo Hillary faw both
Hilar iib. 10. ^^^ growth and decay of Arianifm in France. Yet even this Father
dcTxinjt. had his Errours, for in his Tenth Book of the 'trinity^ and upon ?fah
1-38, and 53, he maintaineth. That }efus Chrift in his death fuffered
no pain, but that only he would make us believe that he fuifered, and
that the blows did not give him any pain, no more than if an arrow-
pierced the water, or prickt the fire, or hurt the air, and that the vir-
tue of the body of Chrill received the violence of pains without feel-
ing : The fame Father faith, That Chrift did eat and drink, not out
of any neceflity, but to comply with Cuftom, for which Opinion he
„ ,, ,. ^ is reproved by Claudius Bifhop of Vienna, in the Book of the State cf
Perron Lib. I. the Soul, That Errour lo grols, hath brought him to another, that m
"P«4?. thefe words of the Lord |^F<«i/^er, /fr//^/'/ Cup pa(I from me.'] Jefus
Chrift defired his Father, that his Difciples alfo m.ight fuffer in the like
manner : fo that by his account St. Feter felt no pain in fuffering mar-
tyrdom. It is alfo one of his Opinions, that Souls are Corporal. He
lived fix years after his return from banifhment, and died under the
Reign of Valentinian. Stephanui Fafchafats hath thefe Verfes of hira ,
ill hjs Icones,
Et Hos exhilar,tf Hilar i fanriiffime Trsful,
Et monitis viUa eji Arria feUa tm,
Jerome^ although he was born in a Town of Valmatia called Stri—
don, and was inftrudted in rudiments of Learning at Kome -, yet from
Kome he went into France of purpofe to. increafe his Knowledge, and
to divers other places, ~ C-nftantim:
Cent. 4- Of FRANCE. 13
Cof^hntim being dead, Julian his Coufin German alone governed
the Empire, Anm 361. having before obtained of Con^iantm the Ti-
tle of Cifar^ and been Entitled Augujius by the Soldiers in the City of
Varis.
In the Year 575. St. Martin was made Bifliop of "Turin in France;
ExHperius was Biftiop of "tholoufe i Simplicim of Vienna ■■, Amandus of
Bourdeaux, Maurice of Anjoa^ Fhilafiriits of Ereux ■■, thefe were all ac-
counted Bifliops of great fame.
About this time fprung up the Sed oLthe Vomtijh, who were fo ^JJ^],"'^ ^'°''
called from a double Vonatus (as one faith) whereof the one planted ca?" «.*"'
the Sed, the other watered it, and the Devil, by God's cermiffion, gave
the encreafe. The elder Vonatus raifed a Schifm in Carthage againft
good Cecilian the Bidiop there, whom he loaded unjuftly with many
crimes, which he was not able to prove, and vexed with this dif- Auguftadquod
grace, he thought to right his credit by wronging Religion, a;:id fo be- ^"it^^i^™-
gan the Herefie of the ro«a///fx : His moft Dominative Tenet was, that
the Church was periflied from the face of the earth, the reliques there-
of only remaining in his party.
There were two principal fides of them ; firft, the Kogatijh, fo cal-
led from Kogatus their Teacher, to whom St. Auguftine bcareth wit-
nefs, That they had zeal^ but not according to kjtorpledge. Thcfe were
people of good lives, hating bloody pradices, though erroneous in their
DoMrine. But there was another fort whom they called Circumcel-
lions, though as little Reafon can be given of their Names as of their
Opinions,
Their number in fhort time grew to be confiderable : Their Te-
net was plaufible and winning, and that Faith is eafily wrought that
teacheth men to think well of themfelves. From Numidia, where oypj^pyj^y^
they began, they overfpread Africa, Spain, France^ It^^y, and Rome it roium iuftitia
felf : Their greateft increafe was under Julian the Emperour. This Augl^com""
Apoftate, next to no Religion, loved the worft Religion belli they Petii. Lib. s.-
fled to this Bramble for fuccour, extolling him for fuch a Godly man,
with whom alone juftice did remain ■■, and he reftored them their
Churches again, and armed them with many privileges againll Chri-
fiians : Hereupon they killed many men in the very Churches, mur-
thering Women and Infants, and raviftiing. Virgins, e^'c. The Vonatijir
were oppofed by the Learned Writings of private Fathers, Optaius
Milevitanus, and St. Augttjline^ and by two Councils, one at Carthage, vi.l. Aupiftr
another at Aries in France, Pope Miltiades was by the Emperour ^P''^' '**•
made Judge between the Catholicks and Donatifts, and after him the
Eifhop of Aries. This Herefie continued till about the fix hundrcth
year of Chrift s and that which put a period to this Herefie, was part-
ly their own difTentions : but chiefly, they were fupprefled by the Civil
Magilirate ; for Honori us tht Empcionr by punifliments, mixt with
Inflrudtions >
14 X'^teCtltfxMCHl^iftOlV Cent. 5.
vide Baron. An- In^rudions from the Church, converted and reclaimed very many,
nai. in A.nno He caufed the Patent of Privilege which Julian granted the VoHatiflfj
l&i, ^^'a- 26^- Publkii locis afigendum in ludibrmm^ io be affixed to fublick^ places for
a reproach unto them.
Julian vpas flain in battel againft the Ferfians, having governed the
Empire after the death of Coftjiafitim one year and feveri months. Then
Jovian was faluted Emperour, who being a profeflbr of the Chriftian
Faith, rejeded the Avians •, but he died of a furfeit in the eighth month
of his Reign. Then Valentinian was Eledted Emperour, a man con-
ftant in the Chriftian Faith ; but he died of an Apopkxyln the twelfth
year of his Government, leaving his Son Gratian to lucceed him in the
Empire-, who after the death of Valens his Uncle, had the Govern-
ment both of Eaft and Weft : his Brother Valentinian was his Col-
league in the Government of the Weft. Gratian in the beginning of
his Reign reduced from baniftiment thofe Billiops whom Valens that
Arian Perfecutor had banilhed : Gratisn was flain by Andragathim^
Captain of the Army of hUxitnw , who ufurped the Empire of the
Weft, by fraud and treachery near Lions m France^ where he made his
abode. But Iheodofius, a man of Noble Parentage in Spain., to whom
Gratian had committed the Government of the Eaft, being mindful of
the kindnefs of Gratian toward him, led an Army againft Ma-Amus :
The Captains of Maximus's Army hereupon delivered him bound to
7'heodofius^ who' put him to death : Andragathius., who (is'.y Gratian,
feeing no way to efcape threw himfelf head-long into the Sea, and fo
perilhed.
Not long after, Eugenius by the Power of the Earl Arbogaftes, U-
furped the Government, Anno 3^1. And the year following, the faid
Arbogajies flew Valentinian at Vienna in France : Epiphanius faith, he
was ftrangled in his Palace.
Century V.
IN the Year 401. died St. M(Z«/«, Bithop of 7«ri«, who following
Hillary into France from his baniftiment, having there lived an
. auftere and retired life, was Created Bi(hop of 'turin, almoft at
that time that St. Ambrofe was eftabliflied Biftiop of Milan, viz. in the
Year 375. A man to be admired above all his Predeceflbrs for Piety,
whom the Emperours themfelves have had in great efteem j and a-
mong
Cent. 5. Of FRANCE.
meng the left Maximw^ who feafted him Anno 386. in a Feaft (hat his
"Wife the Emprcfs had prepared, who fupplyed the place of a Waiter
and Attendant at the Table her felf, Sulptms Severus in the life of
St. Martin (heweth, that when he was to be chofen Bi(hop, one of the
people having taken the Pfalter in the place of the Reader then abfent,
began to read the eighth Pfalm, where there was, Vt dejlruas inimi-
eum & defenforem s at which word defenfarem^ the people cryed out
againft one Vefenfor, who oppofcd. Martin's Eledion to the Epifcopa- ^
cy. About this time the Monafdcal Profeilion came into Europe^ to
which Jerome at Kome, and St. Martin in France did much contribute.
In the Year 44(5. the Velagian Herefie having fpread over all Bri-
tain, the Britifh Churches being infecfted therewith, King Vortigertt
fent for Germanus Bifliop of Auxerres, and Lttpus Bifhop of 'troyes in
Champagne out o{France, men eminent for their Counfel and Doftrine,
who confuting the Pelagians, gained to themfelves great efteem among:
the Britans.
After the return of Germantts and Lupus into their own Countrey,
Felagianifm began to fprout forth again in Britain : But after three
years, Germanus returning back again into Britain, brought with him
Severus , and the Velagian Herefie was again condemned in a fecond
Synod. Britain being thus fettled in good order, Germanus went again,
into France, and died foon after his return.
In this Century flouriflied other worthy Bifliops and Preachers kii
France •, Fucherm Bifhop of L/o^j- was then eminent, fome of whofe
writings arc yet extant. About this time Baronius fpeaks of a Synod Baron..ad AnnJ.
of Anjou, which faith. Let none be Ordained Priefts or Deacons, but ^53-
fuch as have one Wife only, who married Virgins.
Hillary firft Bifhop of Arles^ and afterward (as appeareth) o{ Vienna^
flourifhed about the year 458. he oppofed himfelf diredly to Lfo Bi-
{hop o( Rome, and would acknowledge no Jurifdidion nor Domina-
tion of the Bifhop of Kome over the Churches of France. Hilary cal-
led himfelf Primate of the Churches of Gauls iuh]edc to the Komam
Empire, that is, of Frovence and Vattlphine : for the refl of the Gauls-
was then held by the Vifxgoths and by the Franckj. The quarrel was,
that Hilary conferred the degree of Bifhop in his Diocefs, not expect-
ing the confcnt and approbation of the Bifhop of Kome : but Leo-
would oblige him to acquaint the Roman See with it, and to get his;
approbntion.
llpiiii that Lfe fends Letters to the Bifhops of r>4«/f/;/»e, whereaf-
ter he hath in fwclling words exalted the Dignity of the Roman See i
he addcth, Hill try, 7o trouble the State of the Church, and the Concord \f^J^^'J^[^,
of Bijhops. l\ netfifrefumptions hath exceeded meafure,defiring fo to fub- viennenrcmpro-
Jtci yen to his porver, that he xviV mt fufer you to he fuhjeCi to the blejfed ul'tosr '
Apofle Pcctr J challenging to_ himfelf the. Ordination of all the Churches in
Gauls, " " But
jg %f^t ccciefiafticai i^tftojp Cent. 5 .
^ut Hilary came to Rowf, not regarding the Anathema's of Leo, and
ID his face affirmed, that neither did Chrift appoint Prtfr to be Head
of the reft of the Apoftles, neither had the Bifliop of Kome a Sove-
reignty over the Churches of France.
In that ftrife, Leo according to his cuftom had his recourfe to Valeu-
, tinian, whopreferitly without hearing, what Hilary could fay for him-
felf gave fentence for Leoj and made a Law which is extant in the
^hecdofian Code among the Novel Conftitutions, in the 24*'' Title >
the Law runs in thefe words, Whereas the merit of Peter, who is the
Frince of the Epifcepal Society, and the Dignity of the Koman City^ and
Authority of the Sacred Synod, have efiablifhed the Primacy of the Apo-
fiolkk^ See, let not prefamption attempt any lareful thing againji the Au-
thority of that See ■■, for then jhall the peace of the Churches be main-
tained every rvhere, if the Vniverfality do acknotvledge their Covernour :
In which words we may obferve by the way, that Falentinian doth
not ground the Popes Primacy upon the Word of God : He addeth,
TVe Decree by a perpetual Ordinance, Ihat it be not lawful, either to the
Bifiops of Gauls, or to thofe other Province f to attempt any thing again^
the venerable Pope,&:c. but that to them and to all, whatfoever the Au-
thority of the Apoftolick^ See hath decreed, or (hall decree, may be a Law^
fo that what Bijhop foever being evocated io the judgement of the Koman
Prelate, jhall negleSi to appear, he be conjirained by the Covernour of the
Province to make his appearance.
But Valentinian being deprived of Africa by the Vandals o? Africa,
and of Spain, and Guienne by the Cothes, and of moil part of Gauls
by the Frankj, nothing remaining to him but Italy, Sicily, Provence
and Vaulphine, all the Eaft being in the power of Iheodofius, that Law
was but of little force.
How much that Law was defpifed in the Empire of the Eaft it is
eafie to fee ; for in the Year 472. that is, about 22 or 23 years after
that Law of Valentinian, a contrary Law was eftablifhed by the Em-
perour Leo, which is the id''' Law in the Code, Ve SacrofanUU Ec-
clefiU : The words of the Law are thefe. Whereby the Emptronr de-
creeth, that the Church of Conjlantinople be thefirfl of all Churches, and
the Bifhop of Conjlantinople be the firfi of all Bijhops : We judge and
decree, that the moft holy Church of this 'I own, which is Mother of our
Piety, and of all Chrijlians of the Orthodox Religion, and the mo\i holy
See of the fame meli Religious City, have all the privileges and honours
concerning the Creation of Bijhops, and the right of fitting before others,
&:c. BareniiM declaimeth againft that Law of Leo, and faith, It pro-
fd Anil ^"ti}' needed from him who is the Head over all the Sons of pride.
Then lived Sidsnius Apollinaris , Bifliop of Clermont in Auvergn,
whofe Epiftles are extant, great part of which are written to the Bi-
fhops of France his Colleagues > but in none of them is there any trace
.of
Cent. 5- Of FRANCE. 17
— — — ' — — ^ _ -t*-
of fubjedion to the Roman See, or of communication with the Bi(hop
of Rome. The fame Sidoaiut calls Lupus Bifliop of 'troyes Bifhop of
Bifliops, and thefirft Bifliop of the world, and faith, That ^6' is fitting
in the Jpo(ioUck^See. This Man wrote all his Epiftles in Latin, and
Preached alfo in Latin : In the tenth Epiftle of the fecond Book, h(f
complaineth, That in his time among the Vulgar, the purity and pro- »
perty of the Latin Tongue decayed, and degenerated into barbarouf-
nefs. And in the Epiftle to Pope Ferpetms (for then all the Bifhops
that were a little more refpeded than the ordinary Bifnops, were cal-
led Popes) there is a Latin Sermon made by the faid Sidonius unto the
people of Bourges, a certain proof that the people of Bourges under-
ftood Latin.
About this time flouriflied Projper of AqnitaiH , fo called from his
Countrey, not the place of his Biflioprick, as Baranius faith ; He wrote
Ve Vith CoHtemplativa, Of a Centemplative Life : In his firfi Book, Chap.
23. he prefcribeth. That the Preacher's Language be fimple and plain,
though it be not very good Latin, yet that it be orderly and grave, uiTer. de Brita«;
that it may hinder no body (though ignorant) to underlhnd it. He E«ier. Primord.
wrote a Book Ve Ingratis, by which name he alway marketh out the
Telagians that fprung out of theafties of that Arch-Heretick Pe/i^g/a/. RegienfemEpi-
He wrote many excellent things in defence of the Grace of Chrilt a- fconum fmire re-
gainft the Telagians^ and flieweth himfelf to be a Difciple, and vehe- "emorjntf°Tn
ment defender of St. /4«g«tfi«e, faith Bf/Zarw/w, fententUs quad
Salvtanus Bifliop of Marfeilles lived then when the Nation of the EpTgrammata va-
Goths oppreffed France^ and many began to doubt of the Providence c" 7":^« n'"j»
of God, in regard that thofe wicked wretches had got the upper hand,
and profpered fo much in the world i therefore he wrote an excellent
Treatife, Ve Judicio & Vrovidentia T>ei^ to Salonius Bifliop of Vienna :
One entitleleth him, Gallic£ Gentis Epfcoporum Magijirum^ Ihe Majler
of the Bijhops of the French Nation.
Salonius wrote upon the Books of the Troverbs and Ecclefiajles.
Claudianus Matnmertus Bifliop of Vienna is praifed by Sidonius with Patr. Symf, Ecr
cxcellive commendations, as if all the Graces of Jerome, Augujiine^ cicf.Hift.
£'/
T^riplex Bibliotheca quo Magijho '
-vt- 'Romana, Attica, Cbrifiiana fulfit :
^am tetam Monachus virente in 4tvo
D Stcrtta
8 %^t etatUmtal^X^Otl^ cent.
Secreta bihit injxruUione^
Orator^ ViahUicns^ Toeta,
TraUatcr^ Geometra, Mnficiiftjue^
VoGus folvere vhtcla quijUontim,
Et verbi gladio fecare fedas,
Vi qu£ Catholicam fidem laceffunt^.
Tandem Concludit :
At tTt quifqnU doles, amice le^er,
Ve tatito quafi viro Hthil fuperfit,
Vndk parcegem rigare marnior :
Mem & gloria non quettnt human.
Taulijuis lived about- this time, he was Bifhop rf Nola^ born in:
France^ a man of a great wit, and an excellent Orator and Poet.
Ot both Teftaments he writeth thus to Severm ;
.'■•i^.Epift.ad ' Nam quia latorem duo "Tefiamenta per Hftum^
Pada Veum in Chrijio copulat una fides.
Lex antiqaa novam fir mat, veterem nova completj
■ In veteri f^es e/i, in mvitate fides,
Sed vetus atque novum conjungit gratia Chrijii^ - ■
And upon the Supper of the Lord, I will add thefe myftical Verfes-
out of the fame Epiiile,
J« cruce fixa caro ejl, qua pafcor, de cruce fangms
Die fiuit, vitam quo bibo, corda lavo.
Came tua vivet, tunc illi pocula fanguk -
Fribeat, in verba vivat agdtqtte t«g.
The next Khali mention is John Cajfian, the-Scholax^ Ghryfojiome^
and made Deacon by him at Con^aniinople, afterwards he wasa Pret
byter of the Church of MarfeiHes.
Vincentiui Lirinenfis, a French man, fpent the firft partof his life in
Secular and Military employments, but afterwards he fcd a folitary
and ccntemplative life, and became a. Pie?by^:er, as the Catalogue of
Gennadius relateth i he wrote againft the pelagians dorANettorians, and
againft prophane novelties. .
In the Year of Chrift 485:'"'€7ot iV' tHe-firft"G>f that Name, and the
fifth King of France, began his Reign beir.^a'fen5ut t^'iC ^e of fifteen
^ years i a Prince of fingular Hope,' burn for the efl-t&liihment of the
Fr«;J^ Monarchy ; He had the honour to bethetisit Chtiftian King
~i. of
Cent. 5. Of FRANCE. ip
_„^ ~
of France. Although Clovis was a Pagan before by Frofeffion, yet was
he no enemy to the Chrftians, fitting himfelf to the humour cf the
Cjw//, who generally followed the Chriftian Religion. He fuffeied his
Wife likewife to Baptize her Children. C/o*iW« defired nothing more cauflnsHoiy
than the Converfion of her Husband, which happened in this fort: '-°"'^' *"'■'•»•
The Snevi, a people 'of Germany, paffed the Khiite with great Forces,
Commanded by many Kings, who were perfonally in the Army, and
came to rufli on the Gauls^ with intentions to deftroy the beginnings
of the French Monarchy : Clovis fpeedily oppofeth them with good
Troops, for he likewife had drawn together to his Aid the Kibarolf^
people near bcidering on the Khine, who were Allied to the French,
and had-firft of all given notice of the Enterprise of the Snevi, who
in a near degree threatned them.
■ The encounter of the two Armies was near Colen, which was one
of the moft defperate that we find in Hiftories, The King undertook
the Conduift of the Cavalry, and had given unto Prince Sigebert his
Kinfman, the Infantry : There was nothing but fire, tempefts, deaths,
and flaughters, fo great was the refidance on either fide : In the end _
Sigebert valiantly fighting, vvas wounded with an arrow, and bom all
bloody out of the battel by his Son. The Infantry (through the ab-
fcnce of their Colonel) was defeated and put to rout. All the burden
of the battel fell upon the Cavalry, which did great exploits, fighting
before the eyes of their King s but in the end, the fhock of their ene-
mies was fo impetuous , that it brake through and fcattercd them.
Clovis covered with blood and duft, performed the duty both of a great
Captain and valiant Soldier v but notwithftanding all his endeavours,
terrour had fo feized on thefe flying men, that his affairs grew defpe-
rate ; Hereupon Jurelianits, the Kings great Favourite, perfwadeth
him to make a vow unto God to be Baptized, if he returned vidlori-
ous from this battel v which he did, calling aloud upon the God cf his
wife, and promifing an abfolute Converfion to the Chrifiian Faith.
The word was no fooncr fpoken, but that his Troops rallied thera-
felves up, made head againft their enemies, puifued them, ran through
and routed them with fo great a inaflacre, that the fields were all co-
vered with dead bodies : The difcomfiturc fo terrified them on the 0-
ther fide of the 'Rhine, that the Almans which furvived yielded them-
felves tributaries to his Majefty.
Clotilda hearing the news of this vidory, and of the King's pious
Refolution, went out to meet him as far as Champagne, accompanied
with Remigim Bifhop of Khemei, a man of great Piety and Eloquence
to inftrudi him in the true Doftrlne wherein he was very ignorant. DeSerrMHi(».
It was neceflary he (hould be infi:ru(3-cd -by a difcreet man, that in invu. ciodov.
kaving the vanity of Vagan<:, he rright not be infeded with the Jrijit
Herefie, which then was difperfcd in divers places s and even his own
Sifter L(?«/;eW* was jnfcdted therewith. D2 The
. 20 cfte ecrtefiatticai J^ifto?^ Cent. 5.
The preaching of Kemigius was effedual with C/oiw, and the Ex-
ample of Clov'ii with his men of war : When he came to the Church
of Hhemes to be Baptized, Kemigm fpake to hirs thefe words, 'Bend
thy Hfck^ to the yol^e in mildnejl^ wor(l:if that which then ha[i bttrnt, and
hum- that which thou hall worfhippd : He Anfwered , I a>orJhip the
true Goi^ which u the Father^ Son and Holy Choli, the Creator of Hea-
ven and Earth. The King being Baptized, exhorted his men to the
iame belief-, they cry all joyntly^ IFe leave our Mortal Gods, and are
ready to follow the Immortal. So ClovU was baptized at Khemes by Re-
»2igi:is, and with him three thoufand of his Soldiers, to the incredi-
dibie joy of the Gauls, greatly afFeded to Cbriliian Religion i and
this perfeded the union betwixt them and the French, making their
yoke eafie, and them tradable.
The firft War he undertook after his Baptifm, was againft Gamhant
King of 'Burgundy, who being vanquilhed became Tributary to CloiU.
Goi/Jjant was an Arian, and this his Herelle drew upon him the ven-
geance of God. Afterwards ClovU encountred with the Forces of ^^/j-
ricus'in Aqiiitain, difcomhteth them, and kills Alaricm. The hand of
God thundred and lighrened at that time upon many Diadems of He-
retical Kings, viz, Comh.mt^ Codemar ^ Chiller jc, God^gifduf , Alari-
CHS, and in the end on Iheodoricl^ him/elf.
Kemigius was a man of moft holy Converfation, and befides his ad-
mirable fandity, acknowledged throughout all France, he had the re-
putation to be one of the mofi able and eloquent men of his timej
witnefs Sidonius Apollmarius, who fpeaking of his eloquence with ad-
miration, faith. He thought there was not a man living upon the face
of the earth, whom Keitugim furpalTeth not, without any elaborate
ftudy at all, through the experience he had acquired of well-fpeaking:
his conceptions were unimitable, his language fo fweet and polite, that
it refembled a very fmooth piece of ice, whereon nothing might be
feen unequal: His fentences were full of weight, his arguments forci-
ble, and his words glided along like a river, and ever bare in them
fome flathes of lightning at the end of his periods : He was a very
learned man, as by the Commentaries which he wrote upon the Old
and New Teftament evidently appeareth.
€af»l. Teft. ve- Among the Colledions of /^i-e^^iwy, there is an Epiftle with this
Jit. " Title, Ihe Epijile of the Bijhops of Germany and France to Tope Anafta-
Cus : This was written in the time of Ring Clovls.
Leporim a French Monk made a fiourilh of the Nejlorian HereCe, but
being refuted by Aagnliine, he asked pardon of his Errour.
Fanjhis of an Abbot was made Bifliop of Khegiiim in France, as
CennadiiK writeth in his Catalogue : He wrote againfi; the Felagianx
and EpicHreans.. A contention arofe in France about the Dodrine of
Predcfunation which, had. it's rife ou: of the. Backs of St, Angt^Une^.
being:
Cent. 6: Of FRANCE. 21
being ill underftood. Lucidus made oppofition, Fauflm chaftifed him,,
and brought him to his Opinion : Eleven Biftiops fubfcribed to theE-
piftle of Faiijhis in. the Council of Jrlet ; by which Faujiuf himfelf a&
firmeth, that an hard piece of work was put upon him, of difputing
concerning Grace and Free-will. About the fame time alfo was fo-
lemnized at Lions an Aflembly of twenty feven Bilhops.
ViUorinus of Aquiiaitt, at the requeft o£ Hillary fet forth an Eaftpr--
Circle of 532 years, in the year 563. ■ ,,
Century
ioa^'iiii
THe Province of tJarbon, which was called the firft Province of
France^ remained in the Goths fubjeftion, and thence it began
to be called Gothia; iox Amalaricus (his Father Alaricm be"
ing dead) haftily flying, into Spain^ he retained under his Power S^ain^,
with that part of France^ which we have mentioned before.
The Divine Providence gave to C/ww, above all other Princes in the
world, fuch happy fuccefs, as oftentimes his wars were miraculoufly
confirmed to be guided of God i among which is that remarkable
thing. That haftening againft Alaricus^ having encamped near the Ri*
ver Vigenna^ he found a (hallow place by the diredtion of an Hind that
pafled over the River before him, through which he tranfported his
Army to the other fide v and after this vidory, preparing to befiege
Angoulefm^ the walls of fhe City falling down of their own accord,
gave him an eafie entrance into the City : "Which things being known,
the Emperour Anajiafius the year following the vidtory of Vocles fcnt
a Standard to Chlodovetts ox ClovU : And he went in Proceffion in St. ^^^1''^%'
Martin's Church at Ittrin, with his Belt, his Purple-gown, and his cap. 2.
Diadem i then coming to P'^w, there he eftabliflied his Throne Anno
507, with fo happy fuccefles.
Prccopim faith, that the Franks made a League ofienfiv€ witli King.
"Iheodorich^ againft the Burgundians^ and tliat the Goths delaying the
time purpofely, at length arrived when the fight was ended j and (b
without receiving any lofs, they divided the fpoil with the Franckj^
equally (baring the Kingdom, which it is like came to pafs about the
year 508, it being after the Vifigoths great defeat, although at that time
the Burgundian Kingdom was not utterly extindin France i for GKa»
dfbaHt being defeated and dead, Sig'fmiid his Son kept flill what re-
mainedj,
3 X^t ecdefiadtcai i^tfto?^ cent, s,
Tiiained, who harkening to Avitus Bifhop of Vienna, changed his Arian
HeiteCe into the Orthodox Faith.
After' this CUdovem raging agairift his neareft Friends, put them al-
itnoft all to death, and at laft, in the year 5^11, died in ?am. GlovU
convoked the firft Synod at Orleans.
Then flouriflied in France Cxfarius Bifliop of Aries (whom we read
'to have beeii one of the Council of Agathus, held in the year of Chrift
506. ) ajid lived unto the time oi Vigilm^ of whom he received a Let-
ter, Anno 538.
Alfo Avitm Bi(hop of Vienna, by whom the Burgundiani received
the Chriftian Faith.
Kemigius Bifhopof Khemes, called the Apoftle of the Franckj, died
Anno 534. _.r^'^ .
In the fame Year was held a Council at 'Avergnes, wherein was F/rf-
vius Bi(hop of Khemes : Then are Hincmarus and Ylednardus miftaken,
, in faying, that he officiated in the Biftioprick 74 years, and lived $6
years.
In France Launomarm of Chartres^ zr\d Maximinus o£ Orleans were
•renowned Friars , Maximm builded the Micians Monaftery near unto .
the City, he was Nephew to E«/^/ci»i. C/ow, as he went firft to Or.-
leayis, brought them both thither along with him. Sigehert callefh
that Monaftery of the Micians Maximus's Monaftery v alfo Avim and
Carilefm, Maximus's Difciples : But ClovU being dead, his four Sons
idiVide the Realm into four Kingdoms. Childebert was King of Varii^
arid under this Realm was comprehended the Provinces of ToiUou^
ftiain' 'Tmrain, Champaigne , Anjoii, Guyenne, and Awvergne , Clotair'e
was King oi iSoiJfons'i and the dependance of this Realm were Ver-
7nandffis, Ficardy^ Flaunders and Normandy. ' Clodamir was King of Or-
'ieans, and the Eftates of this Realm were all the Dutchy of Orleans^
burgundy, LiotisU, Vaulphine and Vrevence. Ihierri was King of Metz,
and tO'his Realm was fubjeQ: the Country of Lorain, and all the Coun-
tries from Khemes unto the Khine, and beyond it all Germany, which
DeSctresiri vit. was the Ancient Patrimony of the Kings of France : He was received
chUdeb. in this Royal Partition wilh his Brethren, though he were a Baftard,
the which hath been likewife pradifcd by others in the firft Line : And
as every one of thefe four Kings called themfelves Kings of France, fo
they alfo added the name of their Principal' City, where they held their
Court. ■'
• '■" But there was a Civil DifTention betwixt the Brethren, they Lcavy
forces with intent to ruine one another : They Reigred forty and two
years together as Kings of Fr^^w^, yet with a particular Title under
' this general, as hath been faid : But in the end Clotaire remained King
alone. , '
'^ At this time "Were frequent meetings of Bifliops in Aunlia, or Or-
;t: ' leans ■-,
Q^nt.6. vDf FRANCE: tll^ 2^^
leans ; mity fuperftirious' Conftitutions were hatched among t/iem, symfon's church
efpeciaUy about prohibition of marriage, for tljis Dgd^rineh^d ^9'^ ■S)9tf-^e'c°7c'm!''' *'
the up{)£rhapd in tfae'Wefl. . . ^:..-ijj'i: "^ i,T
In the fecond Council Simony iscondemned, ani4otl^ ?Pft?fyinSr(S4-
money fer.the admiitirig. a man tO: a Spiritual ;Qffic^,js:coi:id,(?mned.
'In the third CoUricil^Beriurysfe-^hbDrredi in a pan ha¥it)g ^.^jvifjmal
Callings but foftly puni(h«d'by tlwoyters, eficjAding ;l^ii^;fr(^^the-'
Communion.. V _. . .. }c . _,// -.^ ar ._. .ojuc. . .<; i ., ..(:■•» a-;
In the fourth Codtrcil it is Ordiinfldv-Xijatin'tj-ie .offering of t];\e;T.heBi{hop: met
Holy Chalice, Nothing fhallbe.prefiatod but witie, ffn^ly- unm,ixei? '^ith in the synod at
water,. :becaufe it^is a' facrilefeiQu jftb'bg.to^Xranfgr^iitfhe holy, n^n^lSe, tteir imers'thus
and inftitUt«»i'at. Or-. ""Jn^iYi^iirtus
dained -Bifiiop witihtet jconfent. of Kmg, Clergy apd People,, fcc(^ding^ King ciovh, the
to the Ancient Conftitution of the Church, and that no Spijit^^ JOfc thoii°ckchu?ch,..
fiGfeCfliallfcebOlight by mohey^: ..;.;; ' 0:;:" ., . 'j;-- -, i -kIj _,J};, ''allthe Clergy
-'■Thfere' was ah '>heaip-of CbtiffitutionsT a|>out.rthe l^:epit]igofif4€af anc^mand'ertocome '
Ea-feitJ'aticSttithe prohibition) i6f Marriage betwixt ChfiftijiBs/and; un- ""'°';'i^ <^°""-
cOriVe*fedJjfe««ss;'iab®iur'$erv'ants not to te admitted to Ecclefiaftical Andi^'isfiid in
GrBei-sV about Affemblies to b^ (at the leaft) yearly Convocatedfcj '{•'^^"ftceto
BWitops, about Ecclefiaftical Rents not to be dilapidated, f. i;iov:if nd\ of oliemsl'^'
;n ^mbfd I"* ^'^
n»^?, tj*ieF6'thters whowfre prefent at the Councils; of Or/e^Mx, conr command of out -
vened alfo in the Council of Oi;>i?B/r,and ordaihjedj that no man ftiottlii^?j^j^"i'^'*Ji^°''*
arrive to'^he-Oifice of a BiHbop 'byrthe favour of men -invAijthowtypCityof oi-'ean^,..
but by the merits of an honeft and unreprovable life. ■• ; : :'.-;;■! ■'
That the dead body of a Biftiop in time of his Funeral, (houldnotf
be -covered with fhc- Pall (otherTOifec'calledi Opertoriim'VominHi gprj^
/dfwj'4ei! the honour done tq the body^/fiiould be a ppHuting c*f i,t|hf.-.
Altar, with many other Conftitutions. .^ 1 , utrf , : i ',s,n^i>'j
Under the Reign oi'Cherebert Kirigof Fran&e^^ aGoiujiGil waS AITem-
bkd at Tours. In this Council it was Ordained, that the Cleigy and,;
People in every C ongregation {hould provide relief for their ,owh poo%
and not-permit-thecn-to waiid£r:up.aml down. ;) i: a ..r ■ • . oi!'
It was alio Ordained, that a Bilhop fhould count his Wife as hjs Si-^-
R^iH, «tid thaf he lliould no manner orwaycompspy with-her, anidfor
rhis dfcft fhould^ have Presby ters andi 'Deacons fo familiarly , <:onverfan t-
wi'Ph'-him, that they raighclhear tdtuRony.of.his hopeit bchayiouifj.
»Mv that he never cnmpanied with his- VVife.i '. Tihf Papill? ithea^fely^j^-
cbuld'iwit overji)af^ chis Canon.' without 3 eeqfttrlei. ; . ■ .)
"'.'>4<5Kbye.■.' ''Ihould-.
£f %fit ettMmmi^mt'^ cent, e,
— - - - - '" — '-^ : — , ■ . .
y-ii-'i'i,, fliould opprefs the Church, and convert to his ownufe any thing duly
i)tlonging to them, left he incurr the malediction of Jttdits, who was a
Thief, and kept the bag, and converted to his own ufe a part of that
mbny which belonged to the poor.
. A-'Council likewife was^holden at Paw, wherein order was taken
coriCernihg admitting of Bilhops to their Offices, That no man (hould
be adrnitted Bifhop without the full con fent of Clergy and People,
and that no man fliould prefume by favour of Princes only, without
.i'N . ;::i a m. .the confcnts aforefaid, to become Biftiop in any place.
fls'ni'b'tBd'.-'c T>io'w but there he was furprifed by the beauty of Brunehanh : She
fo infinuated into the Bi(hop, that he allowed of this Marriage, al-
though (he was his Aunt : Chilperic moved herewith can:ie to Koven-^
degraded and banifhed the Bifhop, and puts Merovee into a Cloyfter.
Merovee fleeing, is purfued, taken, and llain by his Father's command >
and left Audovere his Mother, (a virtuous Princefs) and Clovis her o-
ther Son, (liould feek means of revenge, he rejeds his Wife, and cau-
feth ClovU his other Son to be llain.
For thefe diforders the Nobility complain againft Fredegmide ; here-
upon Chilperic takes Galfonde to Wife, the Daughter oi Athanagitd
King of Spain ■■> but by the iiiftigation of Fredegonde Chilperic ftran-
gleth his fecond Wife, and publickly marrieth Fredegonde.
Chilperic when he had feen Clotharius born to him of Fredegonde^
the fourth moneth after, a little before night, returning from hunting,
is by privy murtherers killed Anno '^%ii^. That murther was hatched
by Fredegofide , and committed by Landerick^an Adulterer of hers :
thus died this deteftaUe C/jii^fc/c, Hillorians make him guilty of im-
piety, as well as of execrable wickednefs ■> for he denietl the truth of
the three perfons in one Deity, and the Incarnation of the Son of
God,
Gunthran dieth In the year of Chrift 5^3. having left a good me-
morial behind him of Piety and other Virtues, the which being com-
mitted to Church- Tables, is repeated every year on the 28^^" of March.
His Kingdom came to Childebert.
Childebert^ Anno 5^6. is taken away by poifon, together with his
wife, v/nom 7beodork and Iheodebert his Sons fucceed , under the
tuition of their Grandmother BrK«f^
he was firft made a Presbyter, then he became Bifhop of that place.
He is reported to have reduced the French to a more gentle kind of
life, by his writings and example.
lHyricus make's mention of one Alcimut^ of the Ancient Family of catai. Tcft. ve-
the Aviti, whofe Great Grandfather, Grandfather, Father, Uncle, Bro- "'' ^''''^"
ther, were famous and eminent for Ecclefiaftical Dignities : His Fa-
ther fucceeded Mammertus in the Bifhoprick o{Vienna,Alcimiis fucceed-
cd his Father : Many excellent Verfes of his are extant unto this day.
Concerning the hrfi fin of Man, and the Grace of Chrift, you may
read what he faith in thefe following Verfes :
^uod varii eveniunt humana in gente lahores^
Vnde hrevem capiunt mortalia tempora vitam :
Vel quod poJIuti vitiantur origine mores,
^uos aliena premunt prifcorum fata Parentttm :
Addatur quanquam nofirk de parte reatus,
§uodque etiam amijfo dudum peccatnr homre, 1
Adfcriham tibi, prime Fater : qui femine mortis
T^oliis fuccidu£ vitalia germina proli.
Et licet hoc totum Chrijiiu perfolverit in fe,
Conlraxit quantum percujfa in \\irpe propago :
Attamen Audoris vitio, qui debita lethi
Inftjtuit, morbofque fuii ac funera mijit,
Vivit ^eccati moribunda in came cicatrix.
And fpeaking unto Chrift, he addeth,
NuJiHm aliud^ prxter te tinum^ fohmen habenms-
E 2 Then
28 ^fte ccrtefiatttcaH^tao?^ Cent. 6.
f^ •-— — ■ -~ ' " '~ ■
Then fpeaking of Chrifl: the Mediator, whofe Figure was that Bow in
the Heaven after the flood, and of the falvationof thofe that believe
in him, he faith,
Nunc quifqm femel allatam fervare falutem
Optiis, fignatum pottjts figno injpice Chrijhtm :
Verm enim atque unui firmati foederis arcus
Jlle deum atque homines inter ^ qui virgins cartte-
Virgineo ex utero fumpta^ jam munere lucet
Muhiplici in cjilo Variits, fed fitlgidus omni,
Vitalem monftrat facrati pignorU arcum^
Hunc coram ajpicies^ quifquU baptifmate tincihf
Ad cxlum liber cnlpis peremitibiis ibis.
And of the water flowing out of the Rock, he thus fpeaketlii.
Nee portentific£ c£pit me ehlivio virg£^
^Ho figno fHmmiis percufik riipe facerdos\
Frotulit irriguos poculis fitientibus hauftttf.
Infmuans Chrijiam flabilem confijiere petram^
Fercttjfus jaculo largas qui prsbmt und,is,
Forrexitqge fuvs facro de vulnere pot urn-.
Ring Chilperic before his death called a Synod, made up of the Gal.
Ceaj.™^]'. g. ^'C'^« Bifliops at FrennacHm upon this occaiion. The Earl Leudafles
applycd himfelf to T^iculphm a Presbyter, a perverfe man, and rebel-
lious againft Gregory Bifhop of T'ours, his own Bifhop ■•, thefe two re-
ported to the King, as if Gregory had faid, that Qaeen Fredegund had
carnally lain with Bertram Bifhop of Bordeaux •■, hereupon Bertram acr
cufeth Gregory before the Synod, Chilperic being prefent, Gregory con-
ftantly denieth it : But the King aflerteth, that he could convince Gre-
gory of this calumny by witnefTes v yet firft of all he propoundeth it to
be debated by the Synod, whether witneffes ought to be admitted a-
gainft a Bifhop, or whether the bare affertion of the Bifhop only ought
to be believed : The Synod pronounceth. That they could not fafely
give credit to an inferiour perfon bearing witnefs againft a BiQiop ;
Yet they require Gregory to fay Malfes at three Altars, and that he
purge himfelf by Oath ; which being done by Gregory^ he was ab-
folved.
But the Synod excommunicated his Accufer, and certified othey-
Bifhops by Letters concerning the abfolution of Gregory,
In this Century Kupertus Biihop of the Franckj, with twelve other
Divines came into the Country of the Boii , and there Kupertus, by
preaching the Gofpel, converted ^heojanxhc Prince of the. Countrey,
with
Cent. ^. Of FRANCE. 29
with his Son, from Heathenifli Idolatry unto Chrift, and baptized them
both at Tiatiibon :' Many others alfo were converted by him.
In this Age flouriflied German BiChop of Varis forementioned. when ofiand.Ecclcf::
he was an Abbot, in a dream he faw the Keys of tlie Gates of Taris LiKsr'*^'
delivered to him j and demanding the caufe of it, he was anfwered,
That he fliould, as Paftor, feed the Lords Flock belonging to that
Church. Not long after the Bi(hop of Tar'n dying, he was Conftitu-
ted Bifliop there by King C/ji/i:^e^fr^ With lingular zeal he provoked'
the People to Godlinefs ■■, great was his gravity in preaching, and his
words were weighty and powerful i he was liberal towards the poor,
and redeemed many Captives. King Chilperk after his death (who'
was wont to deride and contemn other Minitkrs) wrote this honour^
able Epitaph upon him, which I thought tit to fet down ;
Ecclefi£ fpecHlum, fatrix vigor ^ ara reorum :
E* pater ^ & medicos, pajior amorque gregvs.
Germanus virtute, fide, corde, ore beatus.
Came tenet tumulum, mentis homre polnm.
The Hiftories of this Age make mention of one 'Etius Arch-Deacon
of the Church of P.im, who when he underftood that Innocent Trx--
textatHS Billiopof Khothomagum (accufed of Treafon againft theKing^
was in danger to be condemned in a Synod at Paris, he with great bold-
nefs entred into the Synod, and admonifhed the Bifliops and Afreflburs,-
fo beware of having an hand in the condemning of an Innocent per-
fon, he told them they ought rather to reprove King Cbilperic for his ■
fins.
In the Reign of this King many Jews were baptized in France, but'
many of them returned to their vomit, and perfidioully renounced the
Chriftian Religion.
In thofe dayes there were great inundations of waters, which did
much hurt in many places, efpecially at Lions, where part of the walls
of that City were thrown down. Horrible earthquakes made great
concuffions in part of Fr^we, and overturned fome mountains toward'
Spain, which overwhelmed many men and beafts. A fire falling from
Heaven confumed the City of Orleans, and the ftreets of Bourdeaux^.
together with the fruits of the earth. Other places were forely aftlidt--
ed with a grievous hail. There followed almoft through all France a
malignant Cough and bloody Flux, which deftroyed very many men-
and women j by which difeafe that wicked Auftigild'u, Wife of King.
Guntbran periflied. The caufe of thefe evils was faid to be the diiTen*
tions, civil wars, and horrible impieties of thofe three Brothers fore-
mentioned, Sigebert, Cbilperic, and Cunt bran. Kings of France-, and'
their .Counfcllours and Minifters, who provoked them to thofe impie-
ties 5 >
30 Xf^tettltixMtnl^iftOV^ Cent.d.
ties ; who were puniftied of God for their flagitious pradices with moft
grievous judgements.
Here I (hall make mention of the various fortune of theodoms Bi-
(hop of Marfeilles in the Reign of Childeben, Vivamm (a moft wicked
man) being Govetnour of that Province : This man hated Iheodorm,
and laid divers fnares to entrap him. And when theodorus was going
to King Lhildebert to implore his help, ht was feized on by Vivamim
in the midft of the City of Marfeilles^ and injurioufly dealt with, and
fo difmilTed. In his journey Jheodorm, by the inftigation of Divamm,
is taken by Cunthran King of Orleans : then the Clergy of Marfeillet
being no better than Vivamim^ being very joyful at the news of it, do
immediately invade and plunder all thefubftance and treafures of the
Church, and load T'heodom with divers calumnies. King Chilperie kt'
teth Iheodoms at liberty, and fendeth him back with Gundulphus the
■Governour to MarfeiHes^ that there he might be reftored to his former
dignity. At the coming of Gnndulphus and Theodoms^ Vivamius and
the Clergy do fliut the gates, and drive them back reproachfully. But
Gundnlfhus by Art getting into the City with his Soldiers, foon brake
the power ofVhamms, and (harply rebuked him i yet Gundulphus
being appeafed with deprecations and gifts, Vivamius having taken an
oath that he would reftore Iheodoms to his Bifhoprick, and for the fu-
ture be faithful to the King, he returned to his houfe.
But Vivamius defpifing his Oath, ngnifieth the reflitution of Jheo-
dorus to King Gtmthran^ adding, That while Iheodorns held his Go-
vernment , King Gunthran could never enjoy the City of MarfeiVes,
Gunthran being angry fendeth Soldiers to take Iheodorus, who feizing
upon the Bifhop unexped:edly, they carry him on horfeback bound
with chains mod ignominioully to their King : But King Gunthran
knowing the iqnocency oE 'theodorpts , without doing him any harm
fulfers him to return to his charge, beftowing many gifts upon him.
Upon this occafion great enmity grew between King Gunthran and
Childebert : Many other calumnies, and grievous indignities did this
innocent Bifhop fufFer from, other of his wicked and malicious ene-
mies. About that time Mundericus, Epifcopus 'ternoderenfis^ being by
force taken away from his Church, is thruft into a clofe and ftrong
Tower built upon the bank of the River Khodanus^ and there was
detained almoft two years, and moft grievoufly handled.
Under the Jurifdidiion of Gregory Bi(hop of Tours, there was a cer-
tain Presbyter who-denied the Refurrediion of the Body. The fore-
faid Gregory difputed againft him, which difputation you may read at
large in the Magdebnrgenfian Hiftory. The difputation being ended,
the Presbyter promifed, that he would afterward believe the Refurre-
chuf ktg"*'^' '^^'^^ "^ ^'""^ ^^^^' '^'^^^ Gregory hath put out thefe works, Hij}. Iran-
en^. 10. ' corKm 5 de Gloria Martyrum j de Gloria Confejjhrum ; de vilU qmrundam
Vatrum,
Cent. 7^ Of FRANCE. 31^
Tatrum. I find him by a certain Writer thus ftiled , Antiquif- ofiand. Cent. 6.
fmuj & fideliffimpiT Francomm fcri-ptor. He wrote (harply againft the ^'^•4-"?''7«
Jercs and Arians j yet there are divers errours found in his writings,
which are mentioned by Ofiander. He was very intimate with Gregory
the Great, BiQiop of Kome, flourifhing at that time.
Century VIL
THc Author of the Bonk, called the Catholic]^ T'raditiom, firfi;
in French, and then Tranflated into Englifti, fearcheth the dif-
ference of all Churches, and except in Rite's or Ceremonies
hath not marked any great difference of the Abyjjines and Jacobites.,
from our Reformed Churches. And in his Preface, he faith , They
pretend to have their name \_Jacobites~\ from Jacob the Old Patriarch,
and the name \_Cophtes'] becaufe they are circumcifed ■■, and in ^. 5,
he faith. They call themfelves Chriftians of the firft Converfion.
FhoCiis, a mean Captain in 'thracia, in a fedition of the people did
kill his Soveraign Mauritins the Emperour, ufurped the Crown, and
held the Empire feven years. He gave unto Pope 'Boniface the Title of
Univerfal Bifhop, which Title Gregory his Predeceffour had difclaim-
ed.
Gregory Atv\kA many new Rites, yet tied not others to follow them :;
For when Attguftine (whom he fent into Britain) demanded of him,
feeing the Faith is one, why are the cuftomes of the Church divers ?•
and why is one fort of Mafs in Kome^ and another in France .? Gregory
anfwereth , Thy Brotherhood knows the cuftome of the Roman
Church, in which thou haft been nourifhed ■■> but it pleafeth me, whe-
ther in the Church of Kome, or of Frame., or in any other, thou haft
feen any thing that may pleafe the Almighty God, that thou diligent-
ly follow it.
In France the two Sons of Childehert , 'teodorick^ and Iheodebert
(their Grandmother Brunehault' vjoxV\t\^ that thing) reigned with per-
petual difagreement among themfelves, and with Clotharitts, 'iheo-
debert being overcome by his Brother in Battel, Anno 612. is flain
by his own Soldiers at Colonia : "theodorick^ dieth the year following :
Brunehaitlt being hated of the French., Anno 61^. Clotharius having
obtained the wlujle Kingdom of the French., bound Brmtehault with
a Cable rope, led her about with wild Horfcs, and tare her to pieces.
Thus
52
xf^t etcmmimi m^m cem. 7 .
Thus by God's judgement She died moft juftly, who had cruelly caufed
many others to die. Thus died Brunehault, only commended in Hi- '
ftories to have built many Temples, and given great revenues for the
,Dc Serres Hift. maintenance thereof, whilft (he wallowed in her pleafures. St. Gre-
gory hath fet down certain Letters of his to Brunehault^ wherein he
commends her highly (though bafely flattering her) for her Piety and
fingular Wifdom.
Clothar'm feeing himfelf King of fo great a Monarchy, after a lon^
and horrible confufion of inteftine wars, ufcd all diligence to pacific
the Realm, He augmented the great Authority of the Maires of the.
Palace, who controlled Kings, and in the end ufurped the Royalty,
whereas they were before but Controllers of the King's Houfe, not
of the Realm. He had one only Son, ivhofe name was Vagobert -. He
committ.ed him to Arnulfh Bithop of Me/z, a learned and good man
to be inftruded by him.
•Petries Church- Agre^in vihohiA been Clerk to King 'theodorick^tntxc^. the A'bby
Hift. in Cem. 7, Lexovien with all his wealth, but he foon became weary of the fuper-
ftitious Rites, and left the Abby : Then went he to Aquileia^ (which
then was not under the Romifh yoke) and from thence he wrote unto
Ett[iafius Abbot of Lexovien againft the Rites of the Monks, exhort-
ing him to reje<9: thofe Rites. Ettftafms and his Convent exclude him
out of their Society. For removing this Controverfie was Aflembled
the fourth Council at Matifcon in Burgundy ; there Agr.ejlin accufeth
Euflafjus of many fuperftitious Ceremonies, contrary to Canonical In-
ftitution, viz. That they did ufe to lick a Cockle marked with a Crofs,
catai. Teft. ve- and ufed Hallowings when they went in or out of an houfe ; they
^KVit'Eudic. rnultiplied Prayers and Colleds in the Mafs ; they ridiculoufly cut off
■■^^^- their hair, and abftained from the company of men : but the Bifhops
condemned Agrefiin. Hence we fee, that fome perfons did not allow
the :Rites creeping in, and the Inventers of them were but private per-
fons, and the Abetters were pleafed with the leaft (hadow of Reafon.
Clotharius dieth in the year 631. having Governed 44. years from
his cradle, and palTed happily through many perillous difficulties : He
left his Son Vagobert for his Succeflbur.
Dagobert at his coming (o the Crown found great difficulties among
his Subjedls, being bred up without Jufiice, under the long licentiouf-
nefs of Civil Wars, and the lenity of Clothaire ■, whereto he provided
wifely, reducing Juftice, fortifying it by his Authority, with fo good
a moderation, as no man was offended at his feverity, neither durft any
man attempt any thing againft the Laws, feeing both the reign and the
rod in the hands of their Lawful Prince : To this good Order he pro-
feffed to love holy things » and the better to confirm this Opinion in
the minds of his Subjeds, he built and enriched many Temples, efpe-
cialy that of St. Pjnif^ the which hath (ince been the Sepulchre of the
French Kings. " This
Cent.;. Of FRANCE. 35
^ ■ . ^3»
This King was much ruled by the forenamcd Arnulph BiHiop of
Metz, and by Pe/'/« Major of the King's Palace : This Fepin was \
Grandfather to that Vepht, who was the firft King of the fccond Race
of the French Kings, and began to deal abfolutely in the Government Fabian's chron-
of the Realm. Vagoben and all his Realm were in great honour and ^■"■'•5-
tranquillity, till the death of Arnulph, after v/hich the King began to
change his conditions to the hurt of his whole Realm.
There were at this time great numbers of ]ews in France, the which
were hurtful to the Realm : Vagobert banillied them by a perpetual
Edidi out of the Territories under his obedience. But this 2eal of Re-
ligion was blemilhed with the foul blot of Adultery, which made him
infamous both to his Subjedls and to Strangers. Amandiis Bifhop of
Varis reproved him for his fault i but Vagobert impatient thereof ba-
ni(hed him : Yet by the earned: perfwafion of Tepin, he yielded to
Reafon, and having difmiffed many of his lewd followers, he calleth
home Amandiis again from banifliment. Amandm was a man famous
for Holinefs in thofe dayes. At that time AMJiregefil was Bifliop of Bi-
tures. Lupus Bifhop of Sens, Bavo was converted from a robber by
Amandiis. Columhan likewife being much vexed by Brunehault, lived .
under Cloth arm, and his Scholar Gallm.
TrojeUm was a Martyr in Aqnitain, he was fucceffour to Serenus Bi-
fiiop of Marfeilles.
Vagobert having Affembled the Eftates of France in great folemnity
at Byguage, he made his Teftament, and Ordained, that he made his
younger Son Clovis King of France, and his elder Son Sigebert King of Fabian's chro*
Aifjirafia ot Lorain. His Teftament he had caufed before to be written ^^<^-
in four fundry skins, endented to be read, and then fealed with cer-
tain feals i whereof the one he willed to be kept in the Treafury of
St. Venis\ the fecond in the Treafury of the City oi Lions ■■, the third •
in the Treafury of Metz in Lorain ; and the fourth in the Kings Trea-
fury. Vagobert died having Reigned fourteen years, and was buried in
the forefaid Monaftery.
To maintain the invocation of Saints, the Papifts fay, that at that
time the foul of Vagobert King of France was delivered out of the
hands of the Devil by Vionyfm and Maurice Martyrs, and Martin the
. Confeffor, whom Vagobert had Adored.
A Council was AlTembled in a Town of France, called in Latin Al- Symfon;schHrdii
tijftdoritm, vulgarly Auxerre, in which were met a number of Abbots clni 7. *'
and Presbyters, with one Bifhop, and three Deacons,
In this Council they condemned Sorcery, and the confulting with
Sorcerers, in the firft, third, fourth and fifth Canons, whereby it ap-
.peareth, that Sorcery hath been in frequent ufe '\n.France.
Many fuperftitious Conftitutions were fet down in this Synod con-
cerning the number of Maffes i prohibition of tafting meat before Mafs,
F , concerning
^ %ljit CtCMiafUcal tlftO?^ Cenc. 7.
concerning burial j prohibition of Baptifm before the Fefiivity of Ea-
iler, except upon neceffity, and fear of approaching death ; prohibiti-
on of Matrin:ioni3l copulation with their own Wives to Presbyters and
Deacons after their Bleffing and Gonfecratlon •, with pi'ohibition of
Marriage alfo to the Widows ot the defuhd Presbyters, Deacons, or
Sub deacons ■, Brothers and Sifters Children are forbidden to marry.
They Ordained, that it is not lawful for a Presbyter to fit in judge-
ment, when any man is condemned to death.
That it is not lawful for a Clergy- man to cite another of the Cler-
gy before a Secular Judge.
That it is not lawful for a Woman with a naked hand to touch the
Holy Eucharift.
That it is not lawful to take refrefliment of meat with an excom-
municate perfon.
If any of the Clergy receive an excommunicate perfon, without the
knowledge of him who did excommunicate him, he {hall receive the
like fentence, that is, he fliall be likewife excommunicated.
That it is not lawful for a Presbyter in Banquetting-time to fing or -
dance.
Many Canons, to the number of 45, were concluded in this Coun-
cil : But I fhall not trouble you with an heap of unprofitable, unne-
ceflTary and fuperflitious Canons.
Another Council was afterwards called at Cahillort, vulgarly called
Bhalon, which is a Town in Burgundy^ not far diftant from Matifcon.
In this Town, by the Commandment of Clovis King of frame, con-
vened 44 Bifbops : Gandericus Birtiop of Lmts was Prefident , and
Landilemts Bifliop of Vienna. Theodorus Bifhop of Aries, becaufe he
refufed to appear before the Council, was fufpended from his Office-
until the next CouncH.
In this Synod the Canons of the Council of Nice had great allow-
ance. It was forbidden that two Bifhops (hould be Ordained in one
Town-, that no man (hould fell a Chriliian Servant to ajewi and
that two Abbots (hould not be chofen to govern one Mona(lery.
That no labouring of the ground, or other fecular work fhall be
done on the Lord's day ■■> with many other Canons coincident with the
Canons of other Councils.
Cloi'ii the fecond married a Gentlewoman of Saxony, named Baudour,
a Lady of good life, and much given to Devotion, as the Abby of Sheh
les, St. Baudcur, with other Foundations do witnefs. Whilft (he bu-
lled her fclf in her Devotion , and to build Monafteries , ClozU ad-
dicted himfelf to fenfuality : Yet one memorable thing is recorded of
him, In a time of great dearth, to telieve the poor people, he futfered
•them to take the Silvei wherewith the Temple of St, iPenli had been
covered by Vagebert,
qent. 7- l>f FRANCE, 35
Aimo faith, that two years after, a famous AfTembly of Bifliops be-
ing had, he appointed the Monaftery of VionyfiuT^ which his Father
had built nigh unto the City, to be free from the Jurifdidion of all
Bifliops , Landerick^ the Chief Ruler of Fam agreeing to it. Cloiis
died Anno 660. of his Reign 17. At the fame time Erchenivald Ma-
jor of the Palace dying, Ebruin fucceedeth him : From which time
the French Kings being let loofe into floth and riot, the Government
of the AiFairs of State came to the Majors of the Palace ; The Kings
being contented only with the Nameor Title, contained themfelves in
their Palace, neither came they but once every year Quiz, in the Ka-
]en<]s of May) into open view of the people.
ClothariuT^ the eldeft Son of Chm fucceeded his Father, but hav-
ing Reigned four years he died. Anno 66^.
•Tbeodorick^ his Brother for a ftiort fpace was Chief ", but the French
being weary of this man, fliut up Iheodorick^ in a Monaftery , being
(haven at St, TJenvs in Taris^ and Ehrnin at Luxovien : Then Ch.'lder
ricj^ was made King, who after three years Reign was flain by BodiHe
a Noble French man, whom he had commanded, baing bound to the
ftump of a tree, to be whipped with rods. His Queen alfo being great
with Child, was killed by the fame BodiHe.
Ebmin fecretly breaking out of the Monaftery, again invadeth the Petav.Hifts
Lieutenantfhip of the Palace, and killeth Leudefms the Son of Erchett' ^'^' ^'
tvald ]>A2i]0i of the Palace, and Leodegar C\\\hiK\i\tt of AugMfiodunnm,
whom after he had been tortured with divers torments, and in an
Aflembly of Bifkops fpoiled of his Dignity, he commanded to be fmit-
ten with a fword.
In thofe times there were many in France flouri(hing in Holinefs,
among whom Eligius Bifliop of Noviomum, and Andoemis Bifliop of
Koven are mentioned. Eligius died in the feventieth year of his Age.
Audoenus dkd being ninety years old, in the 44yearof his Biflioprick.
Wvate perfons alfo graced France with an cxadt holinefs of Life, r?2j,
Furfeus, Foihms,Vlta»^ who having come out of 7«/««^ built Mo-
nafteries in France.
."Ihierri the firft is now made King o( France^ a King in fliew, who is
a fpe(9:ator of divers Tragedies. Ihierri dieth having reigned i *«
Charles Martel, and four under Fepijt the Son of Charles, who difpof- '? thetimeof
r ir 1 \.- King Childerie,
leiled nim. called a Councir
Charles Martel having governed the Kingdom five and twenty years "/'''^""' ., .
Ti T-riir r^ ^ t T, ■ ^-7 1 ^ /-^.7 where he aftifted
dieth : He had tour Sons, Larloman, repin, Giles and Grypbo : Utles in perfon, toge.
was made Bifhop o( Rhotomagum, and left his Government aifigned "Jeateftp'etrs f
him by his Father unto Carloman and fefin, and they two divide the theLand. ,
Kingdom, and Govern each one his own part under the Title of their
Father, as is apparent by the firfi words of the Council under Ci?r/r7-
man : In the Name of our Lord Jefus Chriji, I Carloman, Duke and
Trince of the French, in the year from the incarnation of Chriji 742. on
the I I'h of the Kalends of March, by the advice of the fervants of GocT^
and of my Nobes , I have Afjembled the Bijhops in my Kingdom, &cc.
Within feven years after this Synod, he laid afide his Princely Autho-.
rity, faith Bfr-w»/«e, and cntred into a Cloyfler, becomes a Monk, and
fd dieih at Vienna, and then all the Authority was in Fepin alone.
Crypho had rebelled againfi; Carloman, but at lall Fepin took him itv
Italy, and cav'fed him to be beheaded. Anno J'^^.-Fepin having the
Government alone aimed at an higher Title..
Blondus and otliors, who have written the Adts of the French, fay, ^'?"'^^''"^' '^■
that the Nobility and Commonalty of that Nation, duly, confidcring .
the worthinefs ot Fepin, and fottiflinefs oi Childeric, confulted with
Zachary BlQiop of F-ome , whether they (hould tolerate fo foolifli a
King any longer, and defraud Fepin oi his deferved Princely honour.
And.
a^ %ljt ecMMit^n^xG^Ol^ Cent.8.
And when the Pope anfwered, That he %vas moft worthy to be a King,
Hift'^cews''" ^'^°'^o"^'^ beft difchaige the Office of a King, the French, with the
publick confent cf the whole Nation, did pronounce Fepin for thek
King, and Childerir\ was fnaven, and made a Monkr Then the Pope
wrote unto Boniface Bi!liop of Meyttz to Anoint Yepin King oiFrance^
and declare all his Sub)t(3:s free from their Oath of Allegiance unto
their lazy Soveraign. The Pope was chiefly moved hereunto, with
l3°!"vems, *' hope to draw help from Pf/;i« againlt the Lombards, his mortal ene-
mies. Pepin, Anno 755. called ah-noll all the Gallican BiQiops to meet
at tlie Council of Vernes the Palace.
About this time Aponius a French man wrote feveral Books.
In the Council called by Carloman (of which I hinted before) he
beginneth thus, I Carloman, ^c.. have AlTembled the Bilhops which
are in my Kingdom, with the Priefts into a Council and Synod, Thefe
are, Boniface Arcb-Bilhop of Mentz^ Bunhard of Wirtzburg^ Kegin-
frid, Guntharius, with the reft of the Billiops and their Priefts : That
they fliould give me Counfel how th~e Law of God, and Religion of
the Church may be reftored, which in the dayes of former Princes hath<
been fhattered and fallen ■■, and how Chriilian . People may attain the
falvation of their fouls, and not perifli, being deceived by falfe Priefts :
And by the advice of my Prierts and Nobles, We have Ordained Bi-
fhops through Cities, and fer over them the Arch-Biihop Boniface, who
is the Legate of St. Teter, And we have Ordained that Synods fhould
Concil. Tom. 2. ^^ Called every year, that in our prefence'the Decrees of Canons, Rites
Edit. Crab. and Laws of the Church m.ay be reftored. And we reftore unto the
Churches the Monies that have been taken from them. We have alfo
difcharged all the Servants of God from hunting and yvandring in
woods with EKjgs, and that they have no Hawks nor Faulcons. We
have alfo- Decreed according to the Holy Canons, That each Presbyter
dwelling in a PariHi be fubjed unto the Bifhop where he dwelleth j
and that alwayes in Lent he give an account of his Miniftry, whether
of Baptifm, or Catholick Faith, and prayers and order of Mafles. Then
he forbiddeth facrihce to the dead, and other profane Rites of the Hea-
then. He appointeth punifliments againft the Fornications and Adul-
teries of Monks. It was alfo decreed, that Monks and Nuns (hould
live within their Abbies and Cloyfters, according to the Rule of their
Father Benedict.
' Pope Stephen confirmed Tepin and his Heirs for Kings of Trance^
and of him asked aid to withftand the Power of Jiftulphus then King
cf Lombardy, who then had exafted Tribute from certain Lands be-
longing to the Bifhop oiKome, and becaufe it was refufed, took up
Arms. ThePope wrote a Letter, direded to the Kings of Frii/ice, and
to all Biftiops, Abbots, Priefts and Monks,^nd to the Glorious Dukes
and Counts, and unto the whole Army of the Kingdom of France :
Stephen,
Cent. 8. Of FRANCE. 3P^
Stephen, Pope^ and all the Biflnp^ Friejis and Deacons, Dukgs, Counts^
People and Army vf the Komans^ all being in angmfl}, with how doleful
and bitter grief we are encompajfed on every fide , with how great per-
plexity and doubtfulneji we are dtfireffed, and how many tears our eyes do
fhed^ becanfe of the continual troubles tvhich are ititdtiplyed upon tis, we
thinks that the fmaHejl part of all 'the elements do declare : for who be-
holding oar tribulations will not mourn ? tvho hearing of our calamities
■»iUnot lament ? A$iBion is on every fide ^ andwe h^tow not what to do 1
ye Chrijiians ! behold the dayes of trouble^ the dayes of mourning and
hitternef are come upon us > It is come (of tve feared) from the Lombards,
for we are afflicted^ dijhefj'ed^ and befieged on every fide by their mojl un-
godly King Aiftulph, and that Nation : Therefore with the Traphet^ w^
pray the Lord^ f'^yj'^g-, H^^p Wf God of our Salvation , and for the ho-
notir of thy Name deliver us, &cc. And now becaufe Aiftulphus with an
Army hath pitched his 'tents, and encamped againji us, and hath often faid
tinto us. Open unto me the Gate of Salaria, that I may enter into your
City, and give me your High Prieji, and I will fiiew Clemency untoyou :
If not, beware, leji when I have battered down your walls, I kiU you al-
together with thefword ; and let me fee, who can deliver you out of mine
hand : Wherefore our Beloved, I befeech you, and C,is if I were prefent)
I adjure you by the myfteries before the true and living God, and before '
St. Peter the Prince of the Apojiles, that with great jpeedyou help us, lefl
we perijh ■, feeing under God we have committed all our livfs info yottr
hands, forfake us not. , ' •
After this the Pope fent another Letter in the Name of St. Peter, ^ tetter Crit Irt ■
as if it had been written froni Heaven, which beginneth thlis : PeteY the name of St.
called an Apoftle, Grace, Peace, and Power, to deliver the Holy Church '^ "*
of God, and the People of Kome committed to me from the hands of
their enemies, be fully given from the Lord God unto you moft ex-
cellent men Pepin, &c. and to the moft holy Bithops, Abbots, Prcsby^
ters, and all Religious Monks , &c. I Peter, the Apojile of God, rvbo
have yon my adopted Children, to deliver from the enemies hand thU Ko-
man City, and the people committed of Cod unto me , provoking all your
Love, do exhort, andprotefling do admonijh you to deliver the Church of
God, which by Divine Power is commended to me, feeing they fujfer very ■
great ajfli^ions aitd opprejfion by the mofl wicked Nation of the Lombards.
thinks not ptherwife, but certainly believe it, that I riiy fhlf am fianding .
alive in the flefh before you; and our Lady, the Mother ef God, the Vir-
gin MUry , with ut, doth adjure you wiilo the greatefi Obligations , and
Protefieth, Admoniflieth, and Comniandeth, &c. Behold, herewith what ■
fooleries and impieties they would bewitch the world.
But Pepin did not kavy an Army until Pope Steph^ came into
France : And when he took his journey, he commended himfclf to
St. Mary, and his flock unto St. Peter ; Fff/« hearing of his coming,
fenfit
40 5n!)e cccleftafticai i^tftoi^ Cent.s.
fent his Son Charles an hundred miles to meet him, and when he came
within three leagues of Carifiac, Tepht went forth unto him, and re-
turned on foot, and the Pope on horfeback : Then Pe/'i« was crown-
cd again by the Pope for the greater pomp. Tepin went into Italy^
and forceth Aifiulph to give hoftages to render unto the Pope all due
Right ; But after the return of Tepin into Francf, Jijhilph with new
Forces doth more mifchief to Konte. Then Pope Stephen wrote ano-
ther Supplication to Tepin^ who made no delay, but forceth Aiftulph
to perform the former conditions, and to give unto the Pope the ex-
archate oi Kavenna. Within a year Aijlulph dieth, then a divifion
arifeth between Kachk and Vefiderim for the Kingdom. Then 5"*^-
phen wrote his fourth Epifrle unto fepiit^ giving him thanks for his
aid, wifliing many bleflings unto him, and (hewing, that Aijiulph was
ftricken by the hand of God, and drowned in the bottom of Hell, and
that by the hands of Veter Prince of the Apoftles, and by thy moft
powerful arm [fpcaking unto Tepin~\ Def-Jeriui^ a moft mild man, was
Ordained King of the Lombards, who had fworn to reftore unto St.
Teter the Cities, Faventia, Infiibres and Ferrara, with all their Terri-
tories ; and alfo Aufimo, Ancona, Humana^ Bona^ with all their Terri-
tories j and he had fworn to keep peace with the Church of St. Feter^
and to be Loyal unto the Crown of France, and entreated Pepin to ap-
prove the Coronation of Vefiderius upon thefe conditions. Henceforth
the Pope began to lift up his head, and having large Territories given
unto him, will not reft until he be Monarch of the world. When
Stephen had peace he began to repair the Churches which Aiflttlph had
^:aHfed to be thrown down, and died in the fixth year of his Pa-
pacy.
Fabian's chroni. Then Gaifer Duke of Guienne impofed a Tribute upon the Lands of
the Clergy in his Dukedom without their confenti wherefore the Bi-
(hops for a redrefs complained unto King Pe'/'i« thereof; Pe/)/« repro-
ved the Duke for it : but the Dukq not regarding the Kings Admoni-
tion, Fepin (oon after with an Armiy entred the Territory of Guienne^
wafting and fpoiling the Countrey. Hereupon the Duke hearkened to
him, and bound himfelf to reftore unto the Clergy what he had ex-
torted from them. But the King being returned into France, the Duke
gathering Forces together, fent them to the City of Chalours in But'
gundy, and did much hurt to that Town and Countrey.
The King being forely difcontented at it, returned with his People
into Guien, and therein beat down many ftrong holds and Caftles, and
took or won Burbon, Cancarvile and Cleremont, and wafted the Coun-
try with fire and fword till he came to" Limoges. The winter coming
on , the King having ftrengthened the forefaid Cities , Towns and
ftrong H'Old^that he had won, and then rode to a place called Caiss, there
kept his Chriftmafs and Eafter. In the next Spring he re-entred the
forefaid
Cent. 8. Of FRANCE. 41
— . ■■ ■ — ■*> -
forefaid putchy, and jook by force the Cities oi Bourges and 7ourr.
The People of that Countrcy confidering the obftinacy of thdr
Duke, murthered thefaid Duke, and after yielded themfelves and their
Country to the King, with all fuch Treafure and Jewels as to the faid
Duke belonged i whereof King Pepin offered a great part unto St. Ve-
m. Then this vidorious Prince was vexed with grievous ficknefs ;
wherefore in all haft hefped him to St. Martin's, where he made cer-
tain Prayers and Oblations : And from thence (his ficknefs increafing)
he was conveyed unto Fam, where he fhortly after died, when he had
reigned as King there by the fpace of eighteen years.
After the death of Tepin the Eftates of France Affemble, and by their
confents Charles and Carloman his Sons -divide the Realm between
them by equal portions. Charles was Crowned at IVormes, Carloman
at Soiffbns : But by the death of Carloman the whole Realm came to
Charles within three years after the death of his Father.
Charles was endued with Angular gifts both of body and mir.d ■■> he
had the inftrudions of a virtuous Converfation, and was bred up in
Learning and Arms : He was Religious, and reverenced the Churches
and Paitors i he was a great Juftitiary, a reliever of the poor, and
kept his faith both to friend and foe , he was a lover of Learning and
learned men .: Taul of Vifa inftxad^-ed him in the Greek and Latin
Tongues, and Aimon in Philof(^phy and the Matheraatickes ; He de-
lighted in Poetry, but efpecialjy in Kiftory, in which he was well read. .
The Umvetfity of Paris built (or enriched ) by him, doth witnefs the
love and honour he bare to learning.' A valiant man, none command-
ed with more obedience, nor performed any thing with greater for-
tune, nor ufed his Vidories with rriore mildnefs and judgement. Ne-
ver did Kin^ reign with more Authority, nor was more reverently (
obeyed than Charlemagne.
About the Year 786 Charles King of Frame made a league with
Archam King oi Scots : Archaiw fent unto him Albinus, or Akuinm,
John Melrofe (fo named from the Abby Melrofe) Claudius, Clemens and
Anthony, all very devout and learned men.
John Melrofe became Abbot of the Augujiinians at "ticino, and Clapt- Bale in <:<«>. 14.
dim was Biftiop of Attxerre ; They wrote feveral works, as John Bale
(heweth.
Alcuinus had good knowledge of the Latin and Greek Languages : Bibiioth. deU
Charles calleth him his Mafier, in an Epilile written unto him, Ve Se- B'-enc, :»*. 3-
ptuagef. & Sexagef. He hath many excellent things in divers of his
Books and Writings.
Vefiderius began to make War firft againft the City of Ravenna, and
the Marches thereof, and took the Cities of Ferrara, Faventia, and
other Towns. The Pope fent to Charles the Great for aid, who came
into Italy with great Forces : Vefideriiis fled to Pavia, and was thero
G belieged ;
42
%\^t cccleftafllcai ^iftot^
Cent. S.
bcfieged : Charles leaving an Unkk of his at the fiege of Favia^ went
sgainlt Verona, which he took without any great difficulty : Fronn
thence he went to 'Kome to kifs the Pope's Foot, and to held the Feaft
of Eafter, where he was received with great Solemnity.
After this his coming thither, he confirmed to the Church and Popes
of Fcewf, the Donation which his Jather Tepin had made of Kavenna.
and other Lands, and made another of many -other places, am.ong
which is reckoned the Ille of Corfica, and all the Coaft of Cenoiia, with
the Cities of Farma, Ancotia, Z'rhm, and many other Towns, befides
Rome and the Territories thereof, which the Popes had already in pof-
fellion •, fo as to the Emperours remained only that part o( Italy, which
is part of Calabria, and of Fuglia, and a great part of that which now-
is the Kingdom of Naples
Charles having been only eight dayes in Kome, returned againft Ve-^
fiderim, who after fix moneths befieging in Favia, yielded upon corr.po-
fition, and Charles carried him with him, and bani(hed both him and
his Sons into a certain Illand, and then took Milan, and all the other
Cities in Lombardy, which is the Ancient Gallia Cifalpina, where he
placed French men for Dukes and Governours : So Italy remained in;
his Obedience, excepting thofe Lands and Provinces which were lef^
to the Church of Kome : fo ended the Kingdom of the Lombards^
which had continued 204 years in Ttnly.
In the Year 787, Charles being departed from Kome to cojpe into
France, as foon as he was arrived at Wormes (faith KhegnoJ he called
a Synod, and.declared the Reafoiis of his journey to the Clergy and
Princes of his Realm.
We find the French Synods in thofe dayes oftentimes to have con-
fided both of Lay-men and Clergy-men, joyntly to determine of mat-
ters, as well Ecclefiaftical as Civil.
Charles the Great did the like in the Council of Franck^ford, where
he difcourfed points of Faith, and made them deliver their Opinions
upon fuch as himfelf propofed. The Canons and Decrees alfo run in
his Name, the Emperour (faith he) hath Ordained with the confent
of the Synod, &c.
In the Year 794 Charles Affembled this Council at Franckford,
partly in regard of theHeretick Fxlix, who called Chrift, "The Adoptive
Son of God in humane nature, and was condemned in a Council Affem-
- bled at Katisbon. But he was returned to his vomit again , and there*
fore was now again condemned as a notable Heretick in the Coun-
cil of Franckford ■■> partly alfo in refpedt of the great contention which
_ arofe everywhere concerning the wcrfhipping of Images, difallowed
in the Council of Conftantinople, and allowed in the fecond Council of
INice.
Not only the Bifnops of frame, but alfo of Germany and Lomhardy.
(as
'Rhegno. Sub.
Annttm 787.
TFide A£ta Con-
cp'. Francf. ia
libello facro.
Tim. 5. Comil.
Cent. 8. Of FRANCE. 43
_ — .. . — — — ' —
Cas Provinces fubjed: to the King of France) were prefent at this Coun-
cil* The Pope fent his Ambaffadors, T'heopbilaB and Stepbanus to the
Council, King Charles himfelf alfo was prefent thereat.
Alcuinm wrote againft the HereGe of Fxlix, and Elifandrw Bifhop Aicuin. contr,
of "jtoledo^ and in his fccond Book faith, Shew us any Nation, Town ^'^^"^' ' '^*
or Church, either Roman or ConftaHtimfolitan, or oijerufahm (which
was Dedicated by the prefence of the Lord himfelf) or of Anthcb^
where firft the Name of Chriftianity is read to have been, or of Alex-
andria^ or of any other Church, either in italy, or Germany^ or in
France^ or in Aqttitain, or in Britain, which agreeth with you in your
aflertiop. Here he acknowledgeth all thefe to be true Churches at that
time, and diftinguifheth them one from another.
Fa://jc continued jphis errour till Alamiur wxott againft him, and
then he became Zealous of the Truth, and wrote a Recantation unto
the Presbyters and Deacons of his Church, That as he had been a
fcandal unto them, ib by his means they may be brought again from
Errour unto the Truth, as he himfelf writeth ; And this Recantatir
on is printed among the Works oi Alctiinm. But Elipant Arch-Bi(hop
of Toledo, having read the feven Books of Alcuinus, wrote very fbarp-
ly for maintaining the fame Errour.
K. Hoveden writeth, that Charles the Great fent over into England R.HoveJenia
the Adts of a Synod fent him from Con^antinople, for the Adoration of '°'""""'"'^"^**
Images : Againft this Adoration (faith hej Alcninufwiole an Epiftle
well-grounded on Divine Scriptures, and carried it witli fome Syno-
dical Ads in the names of the Englijh Princes and Bifliops to the King
of France,
All Italy being now in peace under the protedion of King Charles,
two Cardinal Priefts of great account, called Vafcal and Capulm, con-
fpired againft Pope Leo, who with their complices apprehended him
on a day as he was going in Proceffion : Some faf they put out his
eyes, and cut out his tongue, committing him prifoner to the Mona-
ftery of St. Erafmw, publi[liing abroad, that they did it for the crimes
by him committed, and the Errours by him maintained. Some Au-
thors affirm, that he was miraculoufly reftored to his fight and fpeech.
Hereupon King Charles cometh to Home , accompanied with many
great Dukes, and other Princes, his Subjeds : To him came out of
Ifitly, and from many other parts, many Bifhops and Prelates. After
eight dayes abode there, he commanded all the Princes and Prelates
which then were in the City to be AfTembled ; and the Pope himfelt,
and all the reft being together, there were fome that accufed the Pope
to the Emperour. Then the Emperour openly asked every mans opi-
nion concerning thofe accufations •, all anfwered, That no man ought
to judge the Head of the Church : which the King obfcrving, he ask-
ed no more quefiions,
G 2 The
44 ®je CCrteftaHlcal ^i&OlV Gene. 8-.
The next day all being Re-aflembled, the Pope went up into the
Bulpit, and taking z Book of the Holy Evangelifts in his hands, laid
with a loud voice, That he fwareby God, and thofe Holy Evangelifts-,
That all that which his Adverfaries had laid to his charge, was falfe
and untrue", and that he had neither committed, nor thought any fuch
matter as they objeded ■■, but that they had of malice and envy flan-
dered him ; and that he therefore publickly made this Proteftation,
and confirmed it by his Oath, feeing that to them all the manner of his
Life and Government was well known.
His Oath was allowed, and himfelf commended, and the King com-
manded his Accufeis, Fafcal diud Cafulus to be fought out, an4 put to
death : But the Pope was content their lives ihould be (pared, fo as
they might be committed to prifon, and thence j|| condemned to per-
petual exile.
Eight dayes after, the Pope having confidered, firft, how much the
Greek Emperours envied his Greatnefs, together with the fmall afFe-
<9:ion they bare to the worQiipping of Images, and other points, where»
in tney were oppofite to the Church of Kome ■■, and then how requi-
lite it was to have an Emperour which might maintain the Provinces
of Italy in peace, which were often dillurbed i but chiefly to lliew
himfelf grateful for the benefits, which he and the Church of Eome
had received from him and the Houfe of France : But above all, for ac-
cepting his Proteftation in his own defence, for a proof of his Inte-
grity, he refolved to make Charles the Great Emperour, and to Tran-
flate the Head of the Empire into the Weft. And having ruminated
hereupon, againft the day of the Nativity of Chrift, he commanded
all the Priefts, Cardinals, and all the other Prelates to come to a Mafs,
whither Charles was alfo invited, and came •, together with all the o-
ther Princes i and fo about the midii of the Mafs, the Pope then fay-
ing it, he turned about from the Altar to the People, and with a loud
voice faid. That he did there Eleft, Create and publilh Charles the
• Great, the moft Mighty and VidoriousKingof Jt^/y, o^ the Germanf^
and oi" the frenchmen^ Emperour and ever Aagttflm. which being-
done, he fet the Imperial Crown upon his head, and all thofe which
were prefent confented thereunto, with acclamations and applaufesj
faying, 'to the moji Gojly^ ever Auguftus, Great and maji ViSorious Em-i
ferour Charles, God grant long life and vidory.
This acclamation being ended, the Pope anointed him, and ther>
and tkere alfo anointed and entituled his Son Pf^/«(with the good
liking and confent of his Father) King of Italy, Which Coronations
were penformed with great Feaftings and Solemnity, upon Chriftmafs
day, Anna 800.
So Charles remafced Emperous, and the Empire was tsanfported,
from the Grff% to the Germaraj
Pope.;
Cent. p. of FRANCE. 45
Pope Adrian with his whole Synod (which confified of one hun-
dred fifty three Bifhops, Abbots, and Religious perfons) had given be-
fbre the right and power of Eleding the Pope unto Charles the Great,
and further Ordained, That the Arch-Bi(hops and Bifhops of all the
Provinces fhould receive their inveftiture from him, in fuch fort as
no Bifhop can be Confecrated by any man, unlefs he be approved and
invefted by the King, pronouncing an ^««*^f »w againft fuch as fhall
do otherwife.
Century IX.
CUarles having left his Son Tepn in Italy ^ vifiteth Germany, fab-
dueth the Saxons, and reduceth them to the Chriftian Faith.
He had Wars with them for the fpace of thirty years j he of-
tentimes fubducd them, and gave them their Liberty upon condition
they would embrace the Chriftian Religion : but on every occafion
their Duke ^f^e^'Wcaft off both Loyalty and Chriflianity. At feveral
times when Charles had obtained a Vidory he ereded a new Bifliop- crantz.xnsaxiti, •
lick : He founded feven Epifcopal Cities in that Province, giving ^'''.*•<^'»^s^
them Princely Power, becaufe he judged that thofe fierce people might
be tamed by Religion rather than by Arms. Thefe were Bremen, Ver-
da, Minda, Tadeburn, Ofnahurg, Hildefhein, Halberjiadt. The Hiftorian
faith. Although Charles gave unto the Bifliops power of Governingi
yet the Nobles did not altogether lofe their Power :- whence it came
to pafs, that when the War was ended, the Secular Power beyond the
Vefer, was acknowledged by them all to belong unto him. At laftj
becaufe the Saxons had fo often revolted, he removed ten thoufand of
them, with their Wives and Children into Brabant and Flanders, and
fent and fettled fome French in that Province, and left his Son Charles
there with an Army to keep them in obedience.
Charles underfiood that the Latin Tranflation of the Bible was much- Baron AnnaJ. ' •
corrupted through the negligence of Writers, and gave it in charge ^'^■9.iiMf-'
unto Alcuinui to amend the Tranflation > who did Coireil both the
Old and New Teftameut, as Baronius teftifieth.
AlcHinm was Governour of the Monaftery of St. Martin at 'tours i •
yet was he neither a Monk, nor a Prieft, but contented himfelf with-
the Order of a Deacon : He died on Whitfunday, Anno 804.
Tepin King of Italy and Charles^ two Sons of Charles the Great diei
tefore him, -When-
4^ %i)e cccleftafticalljtilo^^ Cent.s>.
when Charles the Emperour was now Aged, and faw many abufes
in the Church, he endeavoured by all .means poffible to procure Refoi;-
mation of the lewd manners of Churchmen : therefore he appointed
Symran'sChurch- at one time, (namely in the year 813.) five National Councils, to be
Hift^cwt.9. Convened in divers places for the Reformation of the Clergy and Peo-
ple : One was Convened at Mentz, a fecond at Khcmes^ the third at
iours, the fourtli at Cabillon or Chalon, and the fifth at Aries. In all
thefe Councils no oppofition was made to the Council of FranJ^ford ; _
neither was the adoration of Images avowed in any of the Councils;
So available is the Authority of a Prince for fupprelling of falfe Do-
<3:rine and Herelie.
In the Council of Mentz were Affembled thirty Bi(hops, twenty five'
Abbots, with a great number of Priefts, Monks and Judges. After
. three dayes abftinence and falHng, joyned with Litanies, publick pray-
ers, and imploring Gods aifittance, they divided themfelves into three
Companies.
In the firft were the Bifhops with fome Scribes, reading the Hiftory
of the Gofpel, and the EpilHes, and Afts of the Apoftles , together
with the Canons and Works of the Ancients, and the Paftoral Book
oi Gregory, to the end, that by the Precepts contained in thofe Books,
the enormity of mens lives might be corredied.
In the fecond Company were Abbots and Monks, reading the Rules
of St. BenediS, for the reformation of the lives of Monks.
In the third Company were Lords and Judges, pondering the caufes
of all men, who came to complain that wrong was done unto them.
The firft, fecond and third Canons of this Council , entreat con-
cerning Faith, Hope and Charity.
The fourth concerning the Sacraments to be' miniftred, chiefly at
Eafler and Whitfunday, &c.
The fifth, that unity and concord fhall be kept in the Church, be-
caufe we have one common Father in Heaven, one Mother, vis. the
Church en Earth, one Faith, one Baptifm, and one Celeftial inheri-
tance prepared for us, &c.
The fixth and feventh Canons entreat of Orphanes and poor Peo-
ple, whofe weaknefs is to be fupported.
The eighth Canon recommendeth unity to be kept betwixt men in
fpiritual Offices, and Civil Judges.
The ninth and tenth Canons prefcribe to the Clergy Precepts of a
modeft and fober life, with abftinence from the delicate pleafures of
the world, from theatrical fpedacles, from pomps and unhoneft ban-
quets : nfury, Avarice and Ambition, Deceit and Conjurations, and
many other fins wefe alfo reftrained.
I pafs by the Precepts concerning the behaviour of Monks and
Nuns, and the febrick of their dwelling places.
In
Cent. p. Of FRANCE.
In the 32 Canon, the difference between Kfrdy^x. and '<^o,twAoj4^(ji$
is fet down.
In the j^'ii, the great Litany, or Rogations to be obferved three
dayesby all Chriftians, with fafting, fack- cloth, alhes^ walking bare-
footed, and all kind of humble carriage.
In the 34, 55, and 3^, piiblick fallings, and keeping of feftival dayes
is commanded.
In the 37, That the Sabbath-day be kept holy, that in it no Mer-
chants wares be fold, and no criminal caufe be judged.
In 38 and 3^, That Tithes be prccifely paid, and menfteeing to.
Churches for fafeguard, are not to be violently drawn out from thence.
In the 40, In Churches and the porches thereof, let no fecular judge-
ment be exercifed.
In the 41, That no Ancient Church be fpoiled of Tithes andPof-
feffions for the building of new Oratories.
In the 42 concerning Church-rents beftowed for reparation and up-
holding of Churches.
In 44, That no Prieft fay Mafs himfelf alone, for if he have none
but himfelf, how can he fay, Vominus vobifcHm^ or, furfum corda, ox
other fuch paffages ? All frequent offering of the facrifice of the Mafs,
and prefenting of the Paxe is recommended to Chriftian people.
In 45, That every perfon be acquainted with the Creed, and the
Lord's Prayer j and that every one (at leaft) learn them in their own
vulgar language.
In 4. That Piesbyteis- when they fay Mafs, and do communicate, do
not diftribute the Lord's body indifcreetly, to children, and to all pei'^
fons who happen to be prefent, e^c Then Reader, tak« notice, that
private Maffes had no place in thofe dayes, but they who were duly
prepared did communicate with the Prieft.
20. Presbyters (hall not fuffer the holy Ghrifm to be touched by any
inan. zi. Presbyters
Cent. p. Of FRANCE. ^i
21. Presbyters (hall not haunt Taverns.
2 2. Bifliops and Presbyters fhall prefcribe to finners, who have con-
feffed their fins, penance difcreetly according to the nature of their
fault.
23. Chanons, who dwell in one City (hall eat in one Cloyfter, and
deep under one roof, that they may be ready to Celebrate their Cano-
nical hours.
24. From the 24 to the 32 Canon, are Conftitutions concerning
Monks and Nuns, which I overpais with filence.
32. All Chriftians are exhorted to peace and concord.
33. Lords and Judges (hould hearJ?en to the good admonitions of
their Bi(hops i and Bi(hQps on the other fide fliould reverently regard
them.
34. Lords and Judges are not to admit vile perfons to bear witnefs
in their Judicatories.
3 5. Let no man for his Decree receive a reward.
36. Let every one be careful to fupport indigent perfons of his own
kindred.
37. That ChrifVians do bow their knees in prayer, except upon the
Lord's Day, and other Solemn dayes, on the which the Univerfal
Church keepeth a memorial of the Lord's Refurredion. At fuch times
they ufe to (land and pray.
38. That none enter into the Church with noife and tumult ■■> and
in time of prayer and celebration of theMafsnot to be bufied in vain
confabulations i but even to abftain from idle thoughts.
3P. Let not the Confiflories of Secular Judges be in the Church, or
porches thereof in any time to come, becaufe the Houfe of God (hould
be an hou{e of prayer.
40. That Merchandiie be forbidden on the L5rd's Day : that the
whole day be fpent in God's fervice.
41. That paricides, murthercrs, and inceftuous perfons be reduced
to Order, by thedifcfplineof thefecular power.
42. That all people abftain from Magical Arts, which are the deceit-
full fnaresof the Devil.
43. A frequent cuftom of fwearing is forbidden.
44. That the caufes of many Free Subjeds, brought to poverty by
oppreffion, be examined by the Emperour.
45. That falfe weights and meafures are an abomination to the
Lord.
46. The 46 Canon bewaileth, that Tithes were not duly paid to the
Church, (hewing the ill effeiSs thereof.
47. when general Failings are appointed for any impendent Cala-'
mity, let no man negled the fellowfhip of the humble Church, &c.
48. Drunkennefs and furfeiting are forbidden, &c.
H 2 4P. Lords
5 2 icne Cccleftattical ^i&oii^ Cent. 9 .
4p, Lords and Matters are to be admoniftied, not to deal crnelly
with their fubjeds iyea, and not to feet that which is due unto them-
felves, with excellive rigour. ,;
50. Let Laick people communicate at leaft thrice in a year, unlets-
they be hindered by fome great fins committed by them.
5J. In the laft Canon mention is made, that they diligently exa-
mined the caufe of them who complained to the Emperour, that they
were dif-inherited by the donation of Lands, which their Fathers and
Friends had beftowed on the Church-, and in their bounds they found
no man who did complain : yet in that matter, if any thing was done
amifs, they humbly fubmitted themfelves to be correded by their- So-
veraign Lord and. King.
Of the CoHHc'd 0/ Chalons.
This Council was Convened in the fame year of our Lord 813-, by*'
the.Commandment of C^ar/e/. the Great, for the Reformation of the
Ecclefiaftical Eftate.
Many of the Canons of this Council, are co-incident with the Ca-
nons of the former, which I ftall overpafs, and mention only fome ef
the other..
Can. 3. Let Bifhops Conftitute Schools, wherein Learning may ba
encreafed, and men brought up in them, that may be the fait of the
earth, to feafon the corrupt manners-of the people, and to flop the.
mouths of Hereticks.
4. Let Church-men (hew humility, in word, deed, habit and coun-
tenance. .
5. Let Priefts be unreproveable, adorned with good manners, and'
not given to filthy, lucre
7. Bifhops and Abbots, who have circumvented fimple men, and
(haven their heads, and by fuch means do pofTefs their goods, let them
be fubjed to Canonical or Regular Repentance.
8. If Church-men lay up provifion of Corn in Vi(3:ualling-hbufes,
let it not be to keep them to a dearth, but therewith to fupport the^
poor in a time of need.
11, The Bi(hop or Abbot muft not refort to Civil Judicatures to
plead their own Caufe, except it be to fupport the poor and opprelfed^
Presbyters, Deacons and Monks having,.obtained Licence from the Bi-
fliops may appear in Civil Judgement-feats, accompanied with their
Advocate.,
12. Let iro Presbyters, Deacons or Monks be Farmers or Tillers of
the ground.
i^., An Oath ufed Ijy fome in the time of Ordination inhibited,
14. Billiops in viliting of their Parifhoners, not to be chargeable
nrtc them. 15. This-^
Cent. p. Of F RANGE. 55
15. This Canon was againft the Tyranny of Arch-Deacons.
16. That Bifhops provide Balm and Chrifm for the Ligiits of thft
Church.
17. That Presbyters pay no Tribute to the Bifhop.
18. A-gainft taking of pawns from inceftuous perfons, and fsom
thofewHopay not their Tithes, and from negligent Presbyters.
ip. Let people give their Tithes to thofe Churches wherein their
Children are baptized, and whereto they refort all the year long to hear
Church-fervice.
23. The Ordination of Presbyters and Deacons.is to be made at cer-
tain prefcribed times.
24. Concerning Presbyters, Deacons and Monks, who (hall happen
to be flaln, let the Emperour determine to whom the fatisfadion of .
blood (hall belong.
25. That the EmperOur be entreated, that the Ancient Difcipline
may be reftored again, and they who fin publickly, may be brought to
publick repentance v and every man according as he deferveth, may.
either be excommunicated, or reconciled.
27. Neither the Sacrament of Baptifm, nor the Sacrament of Con-
^rmation (houM be re-iterated.
28. Concerning the degrees of Affinity, and in what degree Marri-
age may be bound up, every one is to go to the Canons of the Church
to be refolved.
30. Rules concerning the Marriage of Servants,
31. That fuch Women as either negligently, or fraudulently prefent
their own Children to Confirmation, fhall be forced to do penance all
the dayes of their life ; neither (hall they be feparated from their I^us-
bands.
32. Let a finner confefs unto his Father- ConfefTor, all his fins which '
he hath committed either in thought, word or deed.
34. In prefcribing of penance, let favour and hatred of any perfon
be laid afide, and let the Injundlions be given according to the Rule of
Holy Saiptute, and according to the Canons and Cuftoms of the
Church.
3^. Let no man fin of purpofe, to the end hemay abolifli his fins by
Alrhs-deedsi for that is all one, as if a man fliould hire God to grant
unto him a liberty to fin. ,'■'■,'
37. That fuch Canons of Councils are efpecially .to be read, as ap?
pertain unto Faith, and reformation of Manners.
38. Books called LibeJli Pxniietttiales, are to beaboliflied.
3p. In the Solemnities of the Mafs, prayers are to be made for the •
Souls of them who are departed, as well as for them vvho arc alive.
40. Degraded PiesbyterSj remainingjmpenitent, are to be €xcom»
nmnicated;
54 %D^ CCClefiaftlCal i^tftO;tV Cent, ^i
41 . No Presbyters to be admitted in ftrange places, without the tc-
'ftimony of the Bifliop, and other fufficient witnefTes.
42. Let no Xlhurch be committed to a Presbyter without confent of
the Bifhop.
43. In feme places are found Scotch men, who call themfelves Bi-
fhops, and they Ordain Presbyters and Deacons, whofe Ordination
wedifallow.
45. Againft the going of the Clergy and Laicks to holy places, fuch
as Kowf, turon, &c. men imagining, that by the fight of thefe places
their fins are remitted.
45 and 47, That the receiving the Sacrament be not long deferred j
and none to come to it without due preparation : That when the Sa-
crament is to be univerfally received in one day, none do negle^ to
-receive it, except fome grievous crime do hinder him from receiv-
ing it.
48. According to the Precept of St. Jamei^ that weak perfons
(hould be anointed with oyl by the Elders, which oyl is bleffed by thfi
Bifliop.
From Canon 52 unto the 66 are contained Precepts of chaft and
.honeft living prefcribed to Prioreffes and Nuns. 'S
Of the Council of Aries.
The Canons of this Council were in number 26.
■1 . They fet down a confeffion of their Faith.
The five following Canons are fome of thofe mentioned in the foi-
mer Councils.
The 7 and 8 Canons belong to the ordering of Monks and Nuns,
The pi''' pertaineth to the payment of Tithes, and Firft-fruits.
10. That Presbyters (hall preach the Word of God, not only in
Cities, but alfo in every Parifh. From thence to the 17* are fome of
the Canons of the other Councils.
17. Let every Bifhop Vifit his Bounds once every year, and fupport
the oppreffed.
18. Let Presbyttrs keep the Chrifra, and give it to no man under
pietenfe of Medicine.
I p. Parents and Witneffes fliall bring up baptized Children in the
knowledge of God.
20. Ancient Churches thall not be deprived of Tithes, not of any
other pofieffion,
2 1 . That the Conftitution of the Ancients (hall be kept concerning
burial in Churches.
22. That Civil judgement-feats (hall not be in Churches,
23. If goods belonging to the poor be bought, let it be done open-
ly
Cent. p. Of FRANCE. §5
ly in fight of the Nobles ^nd Judges of the City.
24. Let fugitive Church-men be fought out, and fent back again
unto the Bifhop.
2 5. He who hath a Benefice beftbwed upon hinii for helping the fa-
brlck of Churches, let him fupport the building of them.
26. They who fin publickly, let thena make their publick repen-
tance according to the Canons.
All thefe Canons were prefented unto the Emperour, to be corre(3:-
ed by the wi(dom of his Highnefs.
Charles at the requeft of Pope Adrian, i. Baniflied the Amhrofian '
Service out of his Kingdom, and againft: the will of the French Cler-
gy, by force eftabliftied the Gregorian or Koman Office. By this change
the Latin Tongue in the Publick Service was fully eftabliflied.
Here I (hall make mention of one notable paflage written in the Life
of Charles the Great, namely when he made war againft the Saracens
of Spain. Agoiland one of the Saracen Rings made (hew of friend*
fiiip with Charlemagne, and open hatred of the other Saracen Kings,
with whom notwithftanding he had ampft ftridl correfpondence i to
betray Charles, Agoiland feemed to encline to peace : After many Mef.
fcngers fent on either part, they refolve to parley : So upon Charle-
magne''s Faith, Agoiland cometh to the Camp of the French,
Charles told the Pagan he (hduld have his Friendfhip, if he would
be baptized, and become a Cbriftian : Agoiland anfwered, That he
was not yet fo Abject', nor his Forces fo weak as to refufe the battel:
But becaufe it would be an infinite lofs to hazzard fo many men, he
defired to make tryal of the Right by fome Troops ; and he that van-
quifhed (hould have the Right, and True Religion on his fide, prote-
fting to yield to that Religion which fhould appear to be the beft by
that Tryal. The condition was accepted by Charlemagne : The Corn-
bate being made, the Chriftian Tioop vanquiQied the 6'-iracf«.
Now Agoiland protefteth openly to be a Chri(tian, but in heart he P« Serres Hit.
^ ^L Til 1. <- 111-^ ^ mvit.Careir
meant otnerwile, and takes this occalion to break the Treaty. One magm.
day he finds Charlemagne at Table, well acccompanied with his Chief
Followers, (for then it was the cuftom of the French Kings not to
eat alone) aj)d feeth twelve poor men ill-apparelled, fitting by upon
the ground near to the Table of the Noblemen : He demanded what
thofe poor miferable Creatures were that did feed apart : One anfwer-
ed. They were the Meffcng^rs and Servants of God : He then faid.
Their God was of fmall account, feeing his MefTengers and Servants
were fo miferable and contemptible, and thereupon retired himfelfi i
having by this Treaty qualified the Force of Charles, viewed his Train,
ahd made (hew of his Courage, even Without an AmbafTadour. '
C^^r/w Refolved to avenge this affront of the.
unto Len-es Bavaria^ and unto Cbrarles France ; Tepin enjoyed Aqui-
tain without contradidlion.
Lerves not content with Bavaria, levies an Army, and palTeth the
Khf»e, The rruferable Father prepares an Army to go againft him,
but+ie falls fick and dieth, Jmo 840,
There was a Council held at Faris by the Command of Letves^ and
his Son Lothariuij Anno 829, and three others at the fame time in o-
ther places, as is colleded from the Preface. It was Ordained, that
Synods Ihould then be Affembled in four fcveral places of their Em-
pire.
In bis Reign, mFrancevm ufedof Priefts and Church-men precis
ous and (hining Veilures, and golden and rich flaring Girdles, with
libian's chron. Rings and other Ornaments of Gold : Wherefore the faid Lewes pro-
CLiJcd of the Pope a ccriedion for all fuch as ufed fuch ftrange apparel,
cauiing them to wear brown and fad colours.
Atrcr the death of the Emperour Leives, Lotharius his eldefl Son,
and En pcrour by his Fathers Teftament, would force his Brethren to
anew divifion. He quarrclieth with Cfejr/fj King of Frjwf^and Leajf/
D Jke o( Bavaria ; but the two Brethren unite together, and joyn their;
Er.yces to oppofe Lotharius.
I nfharius finding himfelf the fironger, refufeth the Conditions of
;• _ Peace offered by his Brethren : Then Lea'ex and C/'^^r/f/ charging the
' Atvli)' o( Lotharius^ overthrew it with a notabl. llaughter. Lotharius
after this defeat changeth his humour with his eflatej he enjoyed the.
tirulary mask or the Empire with Aujirafia, yet much curtailed and di-r
vided to his three Sons, Lerres ^Charles and lahariuf. Then Loiharim
having remorfe of Confcicncc for attempting againft his Father and
Brethren, profefTeth himfelf a Monk in the Abby of Pltsviers, and dies-
a Monk in the Year 855.
Charles and Leives after the Vidory call the Biflwps to take their-.
Advice upon Occurrents, who being foleumly AlTembled exhort them
to Concord : They hearken to them, make an Alliance, and come to
the dividing of their parts. Charles remains the fok Ring of France.
Vanl^hine
Cent. p. Of FRANCE. 59
Vaulphine and Frovencevsccc left to Lewes in his partage, for the coni-
modity of Italy which was given hinn, notwithftanding the pretenGons
of Brrwiir A Children : But he died foon after without any liTue-male,
leaving one only Daughter, called Uermingrade^ Heir of all his great
Eftates.
Charles married his Neece Bermingrade to Bofon Earl of Ardennes^ concii. MeMenC
brother to his Wife Kkhilde^ who called himfelf King of Aries. '■''^78. r^m.^.
At the Council at Meaux held about this time, it was Decreed, that
the Capitular Laws concerning the Church, made by Charlemagne, znd
his Son LeTves,(hou]d be t>ridly obferved. The fame Council entreats
King Charles the Younger, to grant the Bi(hops a freer liberty for the
execution of their Minifteries in their Pariihes.
Charles called the Bald, began his Reign, Amo 841. He caufed p/eLjI.f/he"'
himfelf to be proclaimed Emperour after the death of Leives^ who fur- coHncU hoWcn
vived Lothariuf, without contradidion : He went to Rome, and was l^r^^'m"/ s6j.
Crowned Emperour by the Pope, with the Imperial Diadem-, then Ht is named firif,
railing his Spirit very high, after the ciiftom of the Grecians, he walk- cOTcdvedinhia
cth with a Surplice. ^ name.
This King Charles the Bald, relying on the Pojifl help, favoured
the Pope with all his Power, and brought the Fremh Clergy to the
fubjedion of the Koman See, as much as he could : Then began the
Popes Legates to come to the Councils of Fra>tce, and there to pre-
(ide. Then alfo the French Kings began to tremble under the thun-
derbolts of the Vatican, and to fear the Excommunications of the
Pope.
The firfl: Pope that made tryal of his Excommunications againft
them was Pope Nichols the firft, who threatned Lethary to Excom-
municate him , unlefs he recalled I'ietberga his Wife, whom he had
put away, to take Tf^aldrada whom he loved, which alfo this Pope
did Excommunicate : Whereupon there was great murmuring of the
Prelates and People of France againft the Pope, being difpleafed both
at the Pope's Ufurpations, and the pufillanimity of their Kings. Thefe
things happened from the Year 863 to 86d.
After that NicholM, came Adrian the fecond, who favouring Levees^ Du Moulin cont.
Grand-child to Lerves the Gentle,againft Charles the Bald his Unckle, "'^°"' ' ''■''
fent peremptory Letters into France, whereby he declared. That if any
prefumed to make an enterprize upon the Kingdom of heroes, not only ,
he would make void by his Authority all that he (hould do i but alfo s. haTinJ'exco^
that fuch a man being bound with the bonds of Anathema, and dc- m'"icafcdcoiint
prived of the name of Chriilian, fliould be lodged altogether with the comT^Adaltn,
Devil. and fome others
* This is feen in the Epiftle which Hincmariu Arch>Bi(liop c(Rhemet ^ci'tcd him in"'
i'"'>, ramc in-
taVrMce^nmiyo, where he called aSynodat 7royct, confifting of the Bilhopj of th« Kingdom, to delire theic
Confent to that Excommunicition ; which they accordingly cranted \\m.
I 2 writes
^o ^De eccieftaiJtcal J^tfto?^ eent. 9.
writes to the faid Adrian upon the faid fabjed, where he faith, That
both Ecclefiaftical and Secular men being AlTembled at Rhemes, would
fay in a reproachful way, That never any fuch Mandate was fent from
that See to any of the Kings PredeceiTors : Adding, That the Bifhops
of Rome had never withdrawn themfelves from the obedience of He-
retical Emperours : wherefore (faid they) we will not believe, that
we cannot otherwife attain to the Kingdom of Heaven, but by receiv-
ing him for a Temporal King, whom this Apoftolical Lord recom-
mendeth to us^
It was in this ninth Age, that the Decretals were forged by RicttlpJms
Bifliop of Mij^fz, as is fuppofed, who publi[hed them under a falfe
Title. And at that time, and a long time after the Arch-Bifhops of-
Mentz were the firft promoters of Papal Authority in Germany. And
nothing hath helped more to the eftablifhment of the Papal Empire,
than thefe Epiftles, which have for a long time been held for Ora-
cles in the. Weft j by them the Father of lies hath wrought very pow-
erfully.
Thefe Decretals were forged under the Reign oi Charlemagne^ and.
of his Son LeweMke Gentle, being unknown before, and never men-
tioned in all Antiquity, bearing on the front the name of Jfidorm Fec-
caton and in fome Copies Ifidorus Mercator, a man unknown, and a.
name forged at will.
That Collection of Decretals began to go about in France in the be-
ginning of the Reign of Charles the Bald. The firft that ufed them,
^vas Hinck^nar Biftiop of Laon upon this occafion : Hmck^ar Arch-
Bi(hop of Rhemes had promoted to the Biftioprick of Laon another
Hinckrnar \\\s Nephew, who having excommunicated his Clergy, and'
hindered the Divine Service, and the Baptifm of Children in his own
Biftioprick, and committed divers crimes and exceffes, was cited to
appear before his Unckle, who was his Metropolitan : But he would =
not obey nor appear. Upon that Hhickjnar of K/j'fwfxdifanulled all
the Pidis of Hinckrnar o£ Laon, and would fynodically proceed againft-
hlm.
Hereupon Charles the Bald Convocated a Council in France-zt Ac-
cimaciiin^ confifting of ten Biftiops i the Bifliops of Lions, Vafon and ^
"Triers were Chief Prefidents in the Council. Hinch^arus Bifliopof
K^mej- propofed unto the Council fifty Canons, which he defired to
be read in the Synod. Hinckjnar of Laon to defend himfelt brought
forth the Colledion of the Decretals, of the ancient Popes made byi
Ifidorus^ where by the Popes Decrees fuch caufes are referved to the:
Apoftolick' See.
Hinckpiar oi-Rhemes being not learned- enough to know the foEgery
of the Author of thefe Decretals, and not daring to rejeft them open-
ly, brought divers -things to invalid their AUthoiity, He faid,' that,
Cent. 9* Of FRANCE. 6i
Winchrnar of Laen was miftaken, if he thought that he was the only
man that had thofe Epiftles \ that the Ccuntrcy was full of them, and
that Riciilfiu Bifhop of Mentz had publi(hed the Book of Epiftles col-
leded by Ifidorur^ which was brought to him out of Spain.
H'lHckmar alfo (to defend himfelf againft thofe EpiftlesJ faid^ that
they had been good in their time, but that the Fathers Affembled in
Council had altered thofe things, and made Canons of greater Autho-
rity, which are to remain perpetually j and that thofe Decretals were
never put in among the Canons of the Church. That ftrife between
the two Hinckniars happened Anno S70.
The Synod forenamed, accufed Hinckinar Bifhop of Laon of petu-
lancy, and compelled him to fubfcribe obedience to King Charles^ and
to his Metropolitan : He was alfo deprived of his Office, and both his
eyes were thrufl out. But Pope John IX, under the Reign of Charles Hift. Magdefe;
the Grofs, reftored him to his Office again, being the more affedion- ""■^," "^"^ ^■
ed to him, becaufc he had appealed from his own Bifliop, and-
from a Decree of a Synod in his own Countrey to be judged by the-
Chair of 'Rome.
Pope NichoLn beftirred himfelf with violence againft HinckjvaroS
Rhemes, complaining that he defpifed the Decretals colledled by Z/j-
domi. Hinckinar refifted him ftifly, neither did he ever fuffer the caufes
which he had judged to be revifed at Rome^ nor any man that had-
been dcpofed by the Synods o( France, to be reftored by the Pope. And-
air his life time he maintained with great conftancy fo much liberty as-
remained to the Gallican Church, which liberty fuffered by his death-
a great diminution. The Popes durft not touch him becaufe he was
the King's Unckle.
Baronius writing of this Hinchjnar of Rhemes, notably abufeth him^
for he faith. That upon the teftimony of Fredoard, Hinckrnar had ob» ;
tained of Pope Leo IV,by the mediation of thejEmperour Lothary,^ Pal^
Hum, or Archiepifcopal Cloak, with a privilege to ufe it every day.
But Hinckrnar himfelf in the Book of the fifty hve Chapters, faith the
contrary, fpeaking in this manner, Leo IV, and BenediUm did confer
upon me fome privileges, which I did not ask for. For the privileges
which are conferred upon every Metropolitan by the facred CanonsJ ._
are fufficient for me. It was a generous part of Hinckinar, to declare-^
that he had no need of the Pope's privileges, and that he held his dig-"
nity from the Canons, not from the Roman Prelate.
As for the writings of this Hinck^ar, there are his Opufcula &Epi"
jioU : Admonitio de potejiate Regia & Fontijicia. We find this chara-
cter given of him ; Fuit vir doUuf, & pietatis fiudiofus fub Carole fe-'
ciindo Ludovici pii filio circa 870 , Domini annum ■, tametft & magni' '
Cdroli tempora adolefcens attigerit. Is dam corrigere vitia morbof(]ue Cle-.
ritorim conatus eji^ multum molejiiarum a perdiu viu Clero, eoruntqur
._.-. ^^^
6 a %i^t ccciefiafticai m^m cent 9.
aA Papam appeHationibm^ mo & a FapU ipfis fujlinuit^ Illyr. Catal. Teft.
verit.lib.j?.
In this Century Clandms Bifhop of T^wr/^, was defamed as an He-
Petries Church- Tdtick by 'IheodomJre zn Abbot, who did accufe him unto the Pope.
Hift. Cm. 3. pjg ^rote his own Apology, that it might appear wherefore he was
accufedj and to fl^e\v how Godly men have been traduced from time
to time.
Agobard Bifliop of Lions took part with Lotharim againfl Letves his
Fatherjand therefore was ^epofed : after their reconciliation he was re-
ftored,and being a man of wifdom and knowledge ,was employed about
the great Affairs of the Kingdom. His Works were printed at Tar'n^
Anno 1605. from which Imprellion rhefc paffages are extraded, fag.
52. There is one immovable Foundation, cue Rock of Faith, which
- Feter confefTeth, 'thou art the Son of the Living Gud. And pag. 128,
The uncleannefs of our time deferves a fountain of tears, when fo un-
godly a cuftom is become fo frequent, that there is none almoft afpi-
ring to temporal honour, who hath not a Prieft at home, not whom
he obeyeth, but of whom he exadeth all manner of obedience incef-
fently, not in Divine, but in worldly things i fo that many of them do
fcrve at Table, or mix wine, and lead dogs, feed horfes, or attend Hup
bandry i neither regard they what manner of Clerks thefe be, but only
that they may have Priefts of their own \ and fo they leave Churches
and Sermons, and publick Service : it is clear, that they leek them,
not for honour of Religion, becaufe they have the;m not in honour,
and fpeak difdainfutly of them. He is large againfl: the worfhip of
Images.
BeUarm. de (cri- Bellarmine faith, that Johm, and other Bifliops of France in that Age,
P^°"''- ^"'^'' were overtaken with Agobard''^ errour. By the Jefuites confefEon then
many Bifliops of France., were againfl the prefent errours of Kome.
otai. Te(V. vc- Then A?igeIom, a Monk of Luxovia, a man of great reading, at the
jit. irt.ro. entreaty of Dr^gff, wrote many Books. Vruthmarui of Aquitain wxotc
fome things upon the Evangelifts.
Then Kaban Magnentiw^ othcrwife firnamed Mauru^^ was famous
Ttithem Catal '" ^^'^ Univerfity of Pizw, for Poefie, Rhetorick, Aflronomy, Philo-
uiuftr.vjror. *. fophy and Theology, unto whom neither Germany nor Ita'^y brought
,^fbrth an equal, faith 7r;V^fm7«f. He became Abbot of Fk/^<*, where
he was born, and there he wrote Commentaries on all the Books of the
Bible. He was fometime Scholar to Alminus. His Monks were offend-
f ed, that he did fo much ftudy the Scriptures, and did no better at»
tend their Revenues i therefore after 24 years he left the Abby •, they
befought him to return, but he would not : He abode with Le^es the
Emperour, until Orgjr BiHiop of M(?«^z died, and then fucceeded. "tho'
m.K Walden in the A6ts of Pope Martin V. reckoned him, and P.ere-
bald^ or Keginbald^ Bflhop of Attxerre, among Hercticks, becaufe they
favoured Bertram, At
Cent, p. Of F RANGE. 6^
-■■ ' .ii-.— -■-■■■ ■ . . ,. _. ^
At that time there was much debate about the Dodtrine of Prede- Avent. Lib. 4.
fiination. Gottefchalk.{h^ birth a franck^ or Belgic\, as Aveminm call- •*""*'• ^°'°^'
eth him) was Ordained a Prieft by KigboldChorepifcopns, in the vacan-
cy of the See of Rhemes. The forenamed Binck^nar writeth, that he
held thefe five Articles :
1. God did before all Ages, and e're he made any thing, predefti- Hinckmir.in
nate unto falvation whom he would, and alfo unto deftrudtion whom Lugdiin.'* '^"'''*
he would.
2. That they who are predeftinated onto deflrudion cannot be fa-
ved.
3. That whereas the Apodle faith, God willeth that all menbeTa-
ved, he meaneth, only all them who fliall be favcd.
4. Tiiat Chriit came not to fave all men, nor did he fuifer for all
men, but only for them who (hall be faved by the myfiery of his paf*
fion.
5. Since the iirft man fell of his Free-will, none of us can ufe Free-
will to do good, but only to do evil.
'Remigius Bilhop of L/omj-, in the name of the Church of Lions de-
fended thefe five Articles ■■, whereupon Wnckrnar wrote unto Pope Ni-
choljs agaiiift Gottefchalk^^ and calleth thefe Articles, theherefie of the
Fredeflinarians^ which was overthrown in Africk^^ and afterwards in
France, by Authority of Pope Celeftine. when Gottefchal\ returned
from Italy, Rahan Bitliop of Mfw/z fummoned him to a Synod, and
when he could not perfwade him to change his mind, he wrote unto
Hinckrnar and others. Hinckrnar fummoned Gottefchalk^ unto a Sy-
nod of twelve Bi(hops, and fome Prieih and Abbots in Carijiac on
Ifara, where four Articles were enabled againrt him. He was con-
demned of Hcrefie and contumacy ■■, he was whipt with rods, and call: vid. Petries CR.
into prifon. The Church of L/o»j- after fight of thefe four Articles, Hia. an;. <>.
fent forth their cenfure of them,
Remigim, was a man of a moft holy Converfation, and very learn-
ed, as appearcth by the Comments which he wrote upon the Old and
New Teliamenfs,
At this time was publidicd a Commentary on the thirteen Epiftles
of the ApoT.lc St. Vunl^ which was lately printed at Rome, under the
name of Eemigius of Rbetttei.
Lupiis^ Abbot of the Mon^ftery of FenarLt^ by the water L»fes the Stutterer. He was courteoufly received by Letves, Itays in
France a whole year, and there holds a Council at Jroyes in Cham-
pagne.
The Pope was fcarce gone but Lenses dieth, having reigned only
two years. He had no lawful Children, but two Baftards : he left his
Wife with Child. The Queen was afterward delivered of a Son,' which
w:as faluied King, and called Charles.
During the minority oiCharles, Lerees and Carloman Brothers, the
two Baftards of Lfn-vj- the Stutterer, are chofen by the States to Go-
.vern the Realm of -Fr^^cf, Lerres was defeated by the Normans, and
dies
Cent. 10. Of FRANCE. 6$
dies for grief. Soon after liis Death it is faid, that Carloman fell down
and brake his neck. Another Lewes fuccecdeth to thefe two Brethren,
but he quickly dyed. Then the States called Charles the Grofs^ K.ing
of Bavaria^to this high Dignity. He began his reign, Anno 885, and
reigned nine years. His entrance was goodly, but his end Tragical.
He was crowned King with promife to reftore the Crown to the law-
ful Heir, and to govern according to the will of the States. He was
Son to Lewes called Germaniciu^ Son to Lewes the Gentle : Being de-
feated by the Normans^ he yieldeth to a prejudicial peace, and is much
bated of the French. At length the Frf «ci& and the Grrmans refolve
to difpofTefs him.
Th&Germans made choice for their Emperour oi Arnulph Son to Car-
loman^ the Son of Lewes the Gentle. The French likewife rejcd this
miferabIeG^i»r/e/ from the Regency of the Realm, and call EticUs of
Odon, Duke o( Angers, named by the will of Lewes the Stutterer,
So this poor Prince is caft out both from Realm and Empire, and re-
mains naked without an houfe to {hrowd himfelf in from this d;fgrace>
being bani(hed from Court, and driven into a poor Vilhgc of Siievia^
where he lived fome days in extreme want, without any means of his
own, or relief from any Man •) in the end he dyed, neither pitied nor
lamentedof any, in a corner unknown, but to have been the Theatre
of fo extraordinary a Tragedy, that one of the gteateft Monarchs in
the World, fliould dye without Houfe,without Bread, without Mourn-
ing, and without Memory, but the note of this end fo prodigioufly me-
morable.
Century X.
CUarles the Third , called the Simple , was Crowned in tJic
Year p02. Eudes governing with him eight Years from his
Coronation. C/jijr/e/ remaining alone after the Death of his
Regent, Reigned 27 Years. His Reign was miferable through-
out. Now begins a notable league againft the King. TLobert Duke
of At^ou becomes the Head of this League, accompanied with many
great Men of Trance. This Kobert was Governour by the Death of
his Brother Eudes,
K They
6 6 %f^t CeCUftaftical ^i^OV^ Cent, i o.
They caufed Charles to quit the Crown, difcharginghim with the
nameof fimpleor foolifh , and declaring him incapable of fo greats
a charge. 'Robert arms boldly againft Charles^ to difpoflefs him of his-
Eftate. Charles flees to Henry the third Emperour, and laboureth to
calm this ftorm.
At the approach of their Armies , T^ohert ( to have fome Title to
make a War) caufeth himfelfto be Crowned King at Khemes , by
Herve the Arch Bifhop, who died three days after this unlawful
Coronation.
As the Armies approach near Soijfons^ ftriving (in the view of Farts)
they joyn, the combate is cruel , but Kobert fighting in the Front is
flain, leaving for that time the vi6i:ory to King Charles ^ who feeks a
Treaty of Peace, out of an unfeafonable fear. Hebert , Earl ofFler-
mandois , Son-in-law to Robert^ befeecheth Charles to come to St.
^«'«f«/ to confer together. CW/ex cometh thither without Homa-
ges. Hebert there takes him Prifoner, ' and conveys him to Soiffons^
where he had affembled the chief of the Realm, chofen after his own-
humour, where he makes him to relign the Crown to Kaoul his-
God-fon, the firft Prince of the Blood by his Mother Hermzngrade, .
Daughter to Lenj^j, and Wife of Bfl/tiw King oi^ Burgundy, So this
poor Prince is led from Prifon to Prifon for five years and dyeth of a
languiftiing melancholy.
He had by his Wife Ogin a the Daughter of Edivard Kingof E?«g-
/a«i, a Son named Lerves. She takes her Son Lewe/ , and flees into
- E«^/i»«i, to her Brother ^t^e/ffiijj who then Reigned.
But the Reign of Kaoul was unfortunate, who Reigned thirteen
yerrs during Charles his imprifonment, and after his Death.
But Rao«/ after many broils dycth at Co«i^/eg«e , Anno p^6. Now
are great confullons in Fr^«ce, there is nothing facred jail is violated
for Rule, all refped is laid afide, every one plays the King within him-
felfi for one King there are many i and where there are many Ma-
fters, there are none at all. In this confufion there were many Kings, .
Dukes and Earls, although thefc Titles were but temporary , having
no other Title but the Sword. There was no Governour of any
Province tbr-'ughcut the Realm, which held not proper to himfelf
^ and his Heirs, thofe things which were given to them but as Offices,,,
From hence fprang fo many Dukedoms, Earldoms, Baronies, and
Seignories, which for the moft part are returned to their beginnings.
Italy (given to an Infant oi France) was now poffefTed by divers-
Princes. Germany (withdrawn from the Crown) was banded into
- divers fadions, fo as the Empire of the Weft, confirmed in the perfoq
of Charlemargtte, continued fcarceone hundred years in his Race : for
Letces the Son of Amulph^ was the laft Emperour of this Blood. In
hisfhcetheGermansexediedConrade^ Dukeof Eaft franconia., Anno
P20.
Cent.io. Of FRANCE. -67
I ' — ' . — '»
^20. the Empire being then very weak. After Conrade was chofen
Henry theForcler, Duke of Saxony, znd after him his Son Otho, Princes
adorned with fingular virtues fit for the time to preferve the Weft.
For the Emperoursof theEaftdid run headlong to their ruine, who
were men either of no valour , or altogether wicked , attending the
laft blow by the hand of the Mahumetam^^Khok power they ftrength-
ned by their vitious lives, until they had lodged them upon their own
heads.
In thefe confufions of State the power of the Pope of 'Rome en-
creafed daily, by the ruines of the Empire. Thcdefign of the Popes
was to ered a Monarchy in the Church , by Power and Authority,
Seignories, civil DifTentions, Arras, Revenues, and Treafon ; Andfoon
after they grew to that greatnefs, as they fought to prefcribe Laws to
Emperours and Kings, who refufing it , and difputing this primacy,
many diflentions arofe, and were difperfed among the people.
After the Death of Raoul , Athelftan King of England ( having
drawn unto him William Duke of Normandy') fends an honourable
Ambaffage to the States of Frawe, entreating them to reftore his Ne-
phew Lenses , to his lawful and Hereditary Dignity. The French
confent to it : So Lences, the Son of Charles, is called home by the E-
ftates o( France^ being accompanied with a great Troop" of Englrjh.mm
and Normans.
Lewes began to Reign, Anno 93 5, and Reigned 27 years.
l^houX. this t\mQ,Ambrofe AHsbert,zFrench-man, wrote Commen-
taries on the Tfalms and Canticles, and part of the Kevelatio}u
In this tenth Century there was little ftudy of liberal Sciences, the
Schools were few, and empty of Languages. The Popifh Priefts and
Clergy (having forfaken their old DilciplineJ were given to filthy lu-
cre, nor were they refpedted by their flocks i only Monks were noted
to have fome Eloquence. And fuch was the corruption of the times,
that none durft fcarce fpcak of the Corruptions, Idolatries, Superftiti-
om,and wickednefTesof thatAge,whichat that time were fo luxuriant.
Divers Signs were feen in Heaven : and great changes happened almoft
in every Kingdom, The Hungarians opprefs Italy and Germany , be-
fides many other broils in both thofe Nations. France will (hortly
have another Race of* Kings: great were the Wars in Spain between the
Moors and the old Inhabitants, and the Saracens fuffered neither Greece
nor Afia to refl in peace.
Bel'armine fpeaking of this Century, faith. Behold an unhuj^jy Age, ctronoi.'"
in which are no famous Writers, few or no Councils, bad Emperours,
and no good Popes.
_ Baronius on the beginning of this Century, faith, Anew Age be- %""'s*a.t!^"
ginneth, which for rudenefs, and barrennefs of goodnefs may be called
^he Iron Age ^ and for deformity of evil abounding, the Leaden
K 2 42?,
^8 ^De ccdeftattical i^tfto^F Cent.io.
Ag»^ and for want- of Writers is called , Ihe Vark^ Age.
' Under the Reign of Charles the Simple, King of France, a Council
was called at Ic/;fmfj^ for correding the abufe of Church-rents: for
Noble-men in Court, fuch as Hugo^ and bis Brother Roifrf, Mafter of
the King'/ Horfes, and Vincmarm with divers others , under pretence
of fuftaining the King'/ Honourable Eftate, and paying wages-to
Souldicrs, had converted to their own ufe a great part of Church-
rents, efpecially belonging to Abbeys. F«/w, Arch-Bi(hopof Rz&ewfx
uttered his mind freely in the Council. Vincmarm one of the nota-
ble oppreffours in the Court, defiled the Council with Blood, and kil-
led FhIco Biihop of Khemej. The Fathers of- the Council returned
unto their own Churches with great fear ; for the like of this was
not heard fincethe fecond Council of Ephcfus ,'va which, flaviania.
Bilhop of Co>iflanti/tople was (lain.
Efc. Haillin in ^ Council alfo was held in France, in which it was permitted Priefts
■vitiCsroiiSimpi. to marry Virgins.
At this time there was a great Famine in France.
The People had been much given to Gluttony and DrunkennefSjand
God puni(hed them with penury and fcarcity of Victuals.
Lfwe/dyeth Anno p^i^. ztKbemes, hated of the French, leaving
to Loth air, his Son, a Crown near the ruine, and to Charles the youngs
eft, the favour of his eldeft Brother.
Lothair detefted of all men, died Anno p6\, leaving behind him an
execrable memory of his adions, and Lewes, his Son, for a iinal con-
cluiion of his race, as an out-caftef great CbarUmagne.
Len-^es V. reigned one year only, and dyed without Heir, leaving ,
his place void in troubles of State , and confufion of times horribly
corrupted, untotheHoufeof Hugh le gr<««^. Earl of Farif, God had
prepared the means, both for the Father to lay the foundation, and for
his Son Hw^i&CiJpf/, (appointed for the Regal Dignity 3 to finifh this
goodly building.
Now Cometh in the third race of the Kings of France, called Capets,
of the name of Hugh Capet,
Charles Duke of Lon-ji«, was firft Prince of the Blood- royal , he
was Son to Lewes IV. Brother to Loth air, \ix\ck\t to LewesN. the laft
King, to whom the fundamental L'aws of France did adjudge the
Crown. But fJ//^^ Ca;>f* waschofen Kingby the Fre«c/^ affembled in
Parliament, and Charles Duke ciLorrain was rejected from the Crown. .
Tliischange happened in 7a/>',.(4«3(>p87. This new King %vas tir-
■mu\ca^apet,ox Capitofits, either for that he had a great Head, or that
(being young) he was accuftomed to catch at his Companions caps , as
a prefage of that he fliould do unto Kings. Otbo and Henry two other
Sons o( Hugh le grand, \v£ic Dukes o( Burgundy , one after another ;
his. other Sons, were advanced to EcclsfiafticalDignities, the one Arch-
Biihop
Gent. 10, Of FRANCE. 6<^
Bi(hop of "tboloufe, the other of Kovan,znd another dyed young.
Charles of Lorrain gathered an Army, and entring France came to '
the City of Laon, within which City he by the Trcafon of Anfelm th&
Bi(hop of that City, was taken and delivered with his Wife and Chil-
dren into the hands of his Enemies.
Hugh being crowned King, caufeth his Son Kohert to be crowned
King at Rhemes^ Anna $po. three years after his Father's eledion. Hugh
decreeth, that the elder Son (hould reign alone among his Brethren:
and fuppreffeth the Majors of the Palace.
He likewife decreed, that hereafter Baftards (hould not be only re-
je(3ed from the Crown, but alfo from the fir- name of France^ the
which before was allowed them. To him likewife are due the good-
ly Ordinances of Juftice. Faris was the chief place of Hughes refi-
dence , which City was greatly augmented and beautified in his
Reign.
Arnulj?h, Baftard to Lothair, was the only Man which had favoured
Charles of Lorrain, againfi: Hugh Capet. This Man was both perverfe
and difloyal, having deceived both Charles of Lorrain, and Hugh Ca-
pet, who had given him the Arch-bi(hoprickof Rw^>«, in recompcnce
of the fervice he promifed him againft Charles , to whom (notwith-
ftanding J contrary to his Faith, he gave means to feize upon the Cities
of Khemes,Laon and Soijfons. Hugh therefore refolves to fuppreis
Arnulph : but refpeding his quality, he afTembled a National Council
of the French Church in the City of Khemes. This AlTembly depofed
Arnulph, as guilty of Treachery, and a troubler of the publick quieti
and they fubftitute Gi/^fr* in his place, who had been School-mafter
unto Kohert. Afterwards Hugh confines him to Orleans with Charles
of Lorrain, there to end his days in reii.
The Prelates of France in this Synod, made a Declaration, that the
Popes have nothing to do to ufurp the power and authority of Kings.
Amah, Bifhopof Or/e(»«j-,maintained in that Synod, that the Popes
have no power at all over the Biihops of France, Co as to have any cog'
nizancc of Cafes belonging to them: and he declaimed moft ftoutly
againft the avarice and corruption of the Court of Rome.
Seguin, Arch-Bi[hop oi Sens, was fent alfo to Orleans ^ to be im-
prifoned, becaufe he confented not freely to thedepofition oi Arnulph.
Fope John 12. being difpleafed with Hiigh,{ot that he had not ap-
pealed to him for his confirmation in this new Royalty, difanulleth
this Decree of the Council oi Rhemes , excommunicates the Bilhops •
which had aflified, reftores Arnulph, and deprives Gilbert of the Arch-
biflioprick- oi Rovan, and to temper this fliarp and rough pro- -
ceeding with fome lenity, he doth invert Gi/ifrt with- the Arch-
biOioprick of Ravenna, And this was a means to raife him to the dig-. •
nity of Pope, .
Thee
76 X"^ Ccrteftamcal l^tfto?^ Cent. lo.
ifei — -■ _____
TheAfts of this CoaticW of Khemei undei Hugh Capet ^hzve thefe
Rhemen^is? ^»- words. Poor Koifie .' what clear lights of Fathers haft thou brought
""930. forth in the time of our Predeceffors > what horrible darknefs haft
thou poured out upon our times, which will redound to our (hame
and diflionour in future Ages ?
The Pope threatens his curfe againft Hugh , and his Son Kohert,
The King returned Anfwer,that he had done nothing in contempt, bit
that he was willing to juftifie what He or his Bifliops had done,if it ple^-
fed the Pope to meet him at Gratianople^on the Frontiers of Italy and
France, or, if rather he would come into France, he promifed to receive
him with the highefx honour. The Pope fent his Legates into France^
Gerehert, Arch-Bifhop of Khemes, fent an Epiftle unto Seguift fore-
Morn. inMyft- mentioned (who was faid to favour the depofed ^rw.'f//;/?) the tenour,
iniqu. whereof is. It became your worthinefs , to efchew the craftinefs nf
deceitful men, and to hear the voice of the Lord, faying. Here is
Hift. Magdeb. in Chrifl, or there is Chrijl, foVorv not. One is faid to be in T^ome, who
Aais sjnodi. juftifieth thofe things which ye condemn, and condemneth thofe things
which ye think juft. God faith, If thy Brother offend againjl thee , go
andrehukehitn. How then fay fome , that in the depofition of Ar-
fiulpb, we (hould have waited the determination of the Komip Bifhop?
eanthey fay, that the Judgement of the BiQiop of Kome is greater
than the Judgement of God ? But the Prince of the Apoftles faith.
We miifi obey God rather than Man. St. Taid alfo cryeth , If any Man
Treach mtto you otbenvife than r»hat you have received: although he
were an Angel from Heaven, let him be accurfed. Becaufe Pope Marcel-
linw offered Incenfe unto Idols, (hould therefore all Bifliops offer In-
cenfe ? I fay boldly, that if the BilliOp of Kerne hirafelf fin againft a
Brother, and being often admonifhed will not hear the Church \ even
the Kotnan Bidiop according to the command of Chrift , (hould be
efteemed as an Heathen and a Publican, for the higheft rife hath the
loweft fall. And if he think us unworthy of him, becaufe none of us
affenteth to him., when he judgeth contrary to the Gofpel , he cannot
therefore feparate us from the Communion of Chrift , feeing even a
Tresbyter, unlefshe confefs, or be convidV, (hould not be removed from
his Office, &c. The Priviledges of St. Feter (faith Leo the Great) are
not, where Judgement is not exereifed according to Righteoufnefs.
wherefore occafion fhould not be given unto thefe our cnvyers , that
the Priefthood, which is one every where, as the Catholick Church is
■one, fliould be fubjedt unto one Man, thzt if he be corrupt with Mo-
■ne'y, favour, fear or ignorance, none can be a Prieft, except whom thefe
virtues recommend unto him. Let the Law of the Catholick Church
be common. TareAvel, and fufpend not your felves from the facrcd
Myfteries.
Pope John had intelligence of this Letter, and fumnioned the Bi-
fliops
Cent. iG. Of FRANCE. 71
(hops of Frame unto a Synod, tirft at Rowf, then at Ah^n. ThejBi-
fhops anfwered , They were not obliged to go cut of their own
Country. At laft he named Manfon on the borders of France: where
only Cerebert appeared, and boldly maintained the caufe of the French
Church: fo that the Legate Leo could do nothing without new in-
ftrudiions from the Pope, fave only that he appoisted another Synod
at Khemer ■, and in the mean time he fufpends Gerebert , who wrote
the Apology of the French Church, as his Epiftle \xnt.%Wilderodon Bi-
(hop of Argentine^ tellifieth.
Gerebert excelled in Learning , and came afterward to the Roman
Chair, and called by the name of Sihejier the fecond : he was promoted
to that dignity by the Emperour Otho.
Hugh Capet having reigned peaceably nine years , died Novemh, 2 2<,-
pp5. leaving. his Son Ro/ifr* his fucceflbur j a Prince wife , refolute,
peaceable and continent : he is faid to have been Learned , a lover of
Divinity and humanity. They fing Hymns of his Invention, the
which thus beginneth. Conftantia Martyrum mirabilk j the which
bearing refemblance with the name of his Wife Conjiance, he was woii-
derfully pleafed with the humour (he had to be honoured with his wri-
tings, being then greatly efteemed throughout the World.
He preferred virtue before the prerogative of primogeniture, and
caufed Henry^ his younger Son, to be Crowned in his life time, decree-
ing by his will that his eldcft Son Robert fliould content himfelf with-
the Dutchy of Burgundy , doing homage for- it to the Crown of'
France,
IN the beginning of this Century, Armld Earl of Sens , ufed great Fjblan'.chrouici
Tyranny among the Bifhops and Minifters of the Church. Here-
upon LeofricKs, Bifliop of that See, through the advice and aid of
Reginald Bifhop of Parii, put out the faid Arnold , and delivered-
the City unto King Rohm. But the Brother of the faid Arnold , witii
divers of his Knights, fled to the Cadle, and held it by force. Then
.-the King belieged the faid Caftle, and took both it and Fromend , the
Brother'
7 2 Xfte ecciefiafttcai ^i(lo?v cent. 1 1 .
Brother of Arnold^ and fent him to Orleam^ where being imprifoned
he dyed (hortly after.
This Kobert builded the Caftle of Mtuntfort : He founded alfo di-
I- vers Monafteries and Temples, at Or/ed«/ the Temple of St. Avian, at
Stamps a Church dedicated to the Virgin Mary, and many other in di-
vers places of his Realm. And he endowed the Church of St. Vettis
with many great priviledges, and had fpecial devotion to St. Hypolite-^
above all other^aints.
At this time flouriQied FK/ia-/, Billiop of C^^rf re/, a very learned
Man: Sundry Sermons and Treatifes that are amongft the works of
•St. Aujiin are faid to be his. He wrote an Epiftle to Adeodatus, where-
in he fir ft rcproveth a grofs opinion of fome Men, who held that Bap-
tifm and the Eucharift were naked figns. Then he proveth that thefe
(hould not be coniidered as meer and outward ligns , but by Faith ac-
cording to the invifible vertue of Myfterles. The Myftery of Faith
-it-is called, faith he, becaufe it fhould be efteemed by Faith, and not
by fight, to be looked into fpiritually , not corporally i the fight of
Faith only beholdeth this powerful Myftery, &c. Then he illuftrates
. the fame by comparifon of a baptized Man, who albeit outwardly he
„-,. be the fame he was before, yet inwardly he is another, being made
greater than himfelf, by enereafe of invifible quantity , that is , of fa-
ring grace, d^c. Here is no word of fubftantial change of the Ele-
ments-, the Bread is ftill Bread : But we find two other changes, the
Faithful are tranfpofed into the body of Chrift , and Chrift is infufed
into the habitation of a faithful Soul ■■, yet fo, that ChriftV body rc-
maineth in the Heavens ; and by the Revelation of the Spirit faith be-
Bibiiotli. pjrtde holdeth Chrift prefent,or lying in his Mother'/ bofom, and dying, ri-
ebigneTom. 3,-^jig^^j^j afcending : and he entreth into the gratious habitation of a
■ faithful Communicant, and many waies refreOieth him. Here alfo
we fee, that the fubftance of Bread remaineih, as the fubftance of
him who is Baptized remaineth, albeit inwardly he be another.
Some fay, that Fulbert compofed many Songs in praife of the Virgin
Mary ; and that he built a Temple and dedicated it unto her.
Hiftorians alfo do feign, that Fulbert being fick was vifited by the
Hift. Magdeb. virgin M^ry , and that (he cheriftied him with her own Milk.
,a>>t.ii. ^ impudent forgers of lies ! O foolifti Mortals , who gave credit to
fuch palpable lies.
Kir)gKohert dyed Amo lo^i. His Son ff^o^ fucceeded him; and
reigned 33 years. In his time the Realm of Burgundy had an end in
the pofterity of Bq/o«, and theEmperours of Germany challenged the
light and title of it.
KobertDakeoi Normandy, had maintained the Hereditary love of
- ' his Father with King Henry , greatly relying upon his friendfliip.
Having lelblved upon a longiand dangerous Voyage to the Holy-land,
he
Cent. II. df FRANCE. 73
he intreated him to take the protedtion of William his Baftard Son,
whom he had made his Heir, excluding his lawful Children. Koben
fettled his Eftate before his departure, appointing him good Govcr-
noars, and putting the ftrongefl holdi, and treafure into their hands.
Hobert dyed in this long Voyage beyond the Seas, at the City of Bythi-
nia; having before his departure commanded the Lords of Norman-
dy, and fworn them, and Kobert Arch-Bi(hop of 'Rovan , to perform
their Allegiance unto his Son William, and to take him for their Lord
and Duke, if he return not again.
when King Henry had fettled his Land in quietnefs, he then builded
the Monafteryof St.Martin,cMedT>esChampj,h£[idesFaris, and fet
therein fecular Priefts. King Htwrj/ after he had reigned 3 1 years dy-
ed, and was buried at St. Venif.
Anno 1045. Gregory VI. created O^i/o Abbot of Cluny, Arch-Bifhop
of Lyons, fending him the Pall and the Ring, which he received , yet ■ '
without accepting the dignity, faying, he would referve it for him that ' '
fhould be chofen Arch-Bi(hop.
Berengariw a French-man, Deacon of St. Maurice in Anjou , was the
Difcipleof FW^^rt. He was the iirft that was accounted an Heretick
for denying of Tranfubll:antiation,and troubled for the fame. In his
days it was broached, that the Bread of the Eucharift was the very
body of Chrift, and the Wine his Blood, fubftantiajly or properly.
Berengariui on the contrary , taught that the Body of Chrift is
only in the Heavens, and thefe Elements are the Sacraments of his
Body and Blood.
Adelman Bi(hop of Brixia wrote unto him. In the beginning he
faluteth him as his holy and beloved Brother, and Con-difciple under
F«/ifrt Bi(hop of CWtrf/. Then he(heweth, he heard it reported,
that Berengariui did teach, that the Body and Blood of Chrift, which
are offered upon the Altar throughout the Earth, are not the very
Body and Blood of Chrift , but only a figure or certain fimilitude,
howbeit indeetl Berengarim had faid nothing fo. To the intent /ldel~
Wi»« may bring his Brother from this opinion, he entreateth him not to
depart from the Dodlrine of their Maftcr fulbert, and of the Catholick
Church. Then he appealeth to the teftimony of Ambroje , AugMfline
znd Hierome [^who never taught the Doctrine of Tranfubftantiation.^
Hewritethalfo, that the very Flcdi and Blood of Chrift, was given
unto the Apoftles at the firft Inftitution, and are ftill given unto
faithful Communicants. ^^e/;Mij«enlarged much on this fubje-a«/;_ was not at home, and the Convent o-
pcned the Letter of Berengarm, znd fent it with a Clerk of Khemes,
unto Pope LfolXi The Popefummoned aSynodat Tifrcp/^j-. Beren-
gijiv.'tf wasadvifed not to go himfelf to the Synod , but fend fomc
Clerks in- his name to anfwer for him. The two Clerks were clapt in
Prifon. i^wt/w was condemned 200 years after his death, and the
Dodrine of Berengarm was condemned, yet nothing done againft his
Perfon at that time, becaufe many favoured him, Lanfrank^ pleaded
for him : but he was commanded by the Pope to anfwer him , under
Retries. ch.Hift. tio Icfs pain than to \yS reputed as great an Heretick as he. Lanfran\ \
ffw.,ii.. following the fvvay of the World (for afterwards he was made
Ar^h-Billiop of Canterbury by WzUliam the Conquerour) performed .
the charge.
Cuiunund, Bifhbp of^i'er/^, wrote more bitterly, and lefs truly ^
againft Berengar'm.
Neverthekfs Berengarm abode conftant , and was in great efteem >
both with the Nobility and People : And therefore Pope Vi&or the
fccondj.gave direction to the BiQiops oi France, to take order with
him, . The Pope's ArabafTadours wereprefent at the Council, and B^-
reHgarius^nCwexed, that he adhered to no particular opinion of his ■
own, but he followed the common Dofirine of the llniverfal Church,
that is, faith he, as the Fathers, Primitive Church, and Scriptures have
taught. This gentle anfwer mitigated the fury of his Adverfaries : ,
yet he perfifted in his own opinion i and for this caufe Lanfran\ objedi-
ed againft him, that he deluded the Council of 'tours with general '
and doubtful words,
icon- Afterwards, Pope NieW^j the feeond hearing that he was honour-
ir.:'perronii. I. ed of many, affembled a great Council againft him at Koine, of 113
Biftiop?, where it was declared and pronounced. That the Bread
and Wine which is put upon the Altar, after the Confecration is not
only the Sacrament, but alfo the true Body of our Lord Jcfus Chrift.
* It fceais they And that not only the Sacrament, but the Body of the Lord is ^ fenfu-
mesw ftufibiy . gjjy ^^^ jj^ j^^jji^^ handled by the hands of the Prieft, broken and brui- .
fed by the teeth of the faithful.
y^httiBerengarm with many Arguments defended, that the Sacra- ■
ment fto fpeak properly) was the figure of ChriftV body, and Cardie
nal AlbericHs, viho was nominated to difpute againft him,couId not by .
voice refift him ■, and neither of the two would yield unto the other,
t^ jl, <,! ^^' ^'' Allm-im fought the fpace of feyen days to anfwer in writing. And
' " at.L
Gent. 1 1. Of FRANCE. 75
Gratian iaconns,qHum videret Fontificios VoUores quam plurimos ingenti fajltc
"tranfubftantiationvi fundamenta fternere, quod mentem Augujlini & aliO',
rumVeterum non intelligerent , fed Sacrament ales & Hyperbalicas non- vld. ThevttvlM
Mullas locutiones ad novum fenfum inducendum detorquerent , veram fen- iJftfes°U "«"
tentiam ex Orthodoxo confenfu repetitam his corruptelU oppofuit , & verba
Vei T'efiimoniifq; Veterum Iheologsrum refellere conatus eft , fcriptU etiam
& evulgatU libris, ut pii in vera Vo&rina confirmarentur, Catal. "teft.
Verit.lib. 22.
Berengariuf dyed (holding his firft DoArine) at tours, in the Ifle
of St. Cq/;«tf, and was buried at St. Martins, where his Tomb was
reared : and Hildebert Bifliop of Cxnoman, and then of tours , and
made his Epitaph, which William of Malmesbury hath fet down. And
■this is a part of.it.
^uem modo miratur, femper mirabitnr orbis.
Me Berengarius non obiturus obit. Cuil. Matmst.)
Huemfacrx fidei vefUgia fumma tenentem, do Geft-Angior.
Huic jam quinta dies abliulit, an fa nefas,
Ula dies damnofa dies, & perfida mundo,
^a dolor & rerum fumma^ruina fuit,
L 2 ^«4
q6 %^t etatumM ^tco?^ cent, i p.
^a Status Ecclefu^ qua (pes, qua gloria Cleri,
^actfhorjnriryjweruenteruit.
Tofi obitum fecumvivam, precor ac reqHiefcam,y
Nee fiat meliar forsmea forte fud^
Tlatina calleth Berettgariuf , famous for learning and holinefs. He
mm. in vit.. was a great friend to learning, and bred. many Studeats of Divinity at
foanp. 13. j^jg proper charge , and by means of them his Doftrine was fowed
through all France , and the Countries adjacent.. This was matter
unto his adverfaries to envy him the more. Albeit he did waver as
Peter did > and although his Dodtrine was fo often condemned by the
Popes, yet it could not be rooted out of the minds of men : for Mat-
Mjth.ParisHift^/jfjyP^jrixwriteth, that all France v/3iS affedied with this Dodrine,
Wett^n'. " and Matthew of JFeflminfter at the fame time faith, That the Dodrine
oiBeren^arm had corrupted all the Engli[hjtalian and French Nations:
So that the Berengarianr, that is, the Preachers of the; true Faith,
(which the Ilom.?«ij|j' call Herefie) againft the rifing errours did not
lurk in a Corner.
sIgeB; Gembiac. And Sigf^frf in his Chrouicle faith, that there mere many difputati-
chroni, ons among divers perfons, both for him. and againft him., both by
word and Ly writing.
„, „.- . Ihitanui zKo hzth noted, thzt'in Germany were many of the fame
Epiftt.bed'icat! Dodrine j and that BTOHflBifliop of Tr^z^^'rj', banithed them all out
of his Diocefs, but fparing their Blood. And John "to^ngtom Fts^n-
cifcan,in his confellion fet forth Amo 1380. faith thus. The Heretical
fentence which is raifed of the dreams of Berengar'm affirmetb openly,,
that all the Fathers of the Church, and Dodors of the fecond thou-
fand years (as they fpeak) that is,' who have beea within 380 years-
have been after the loofing of Satan, and the Dodrine which we (faith
yibor-ca.- 3. ^"^3 hold to be the Faith of the Church •, concerning the bleffed Eu--
charift, they fay it is not right, but an errour and hereile , and the tares
of Satan being let loofe.
To defend the words of the former Recantation, which was given-
in.the Synod at L;7?p the firft, fucceeded his Father Hewry. This He'wrjr had cau-
fed his Son Yhili^ to be crowned King being but feven years old, and-
gave him Baldivin Earl of Flanders , for Tutor and Regent of the
Realm. He lived but a little time after his Son'/ Coronation. The
King'/ Minority pafTed quietly by the wife government of Baldwin,
who having accompanied his Pupil to the Age of 1 5 years, dyeth, and'
leaveth him his Realm inpeace. Baldtvin \tit two Sons ^BaldmnznA.
Robert with their Mother Kkhilde. Then their Uncklc Kohert the
FrifoM, pretended the Inheritance to belong to him , and fupplanting-
his Nephews, feiieth-on the Earldom of Flanders: and King ThHip
forfakes Baldncin's Children at their need, forgetting, the good Offices
he had received from their Father.
Now Witliam Duke oi Normandy is received Ring of Fngland^ and-
Crowned in afolemn AlTembly of the E«g///& , and homage is done:
unto him as their lawful Lord, Anm \o66. He had encouhtred King-
Harold and overcome his Hoft, in that place where afterward was buil-
ded the Abbey of Battle in Suj^ex.
The day after the Battle very early in the morning, OioBifhopoP
BKx fung Mafs for thofe that were departed, being flain in the Battle.
Beforethis time Priefts were forbidden to marry , but could not be
reftrained from their liberty.
In the Year 1074. Pope Gregory VII- otherwife Hildehrand in a Sy--
nod atRflwe, condemned all married Priefts as Nicolaitans. He di«
re&td his Bulls (as they called them) to BiQiops , Dukes , and other'
Powers, declaring every one to be no Prieft, that had a Wife. His-
Bull was fent into Italy and Germany. This Decree being proclaimed
through all I//*/)', he fent many Letters wnto the FrfMc^ Bifliops, com-
manding that they (hould upon pain of an everlafting curfe, put away-
all the Women from the Houlcs of Priefts. But the refidue of
the Clergy ftoutly withftood the Pope'/ decree, and would not agree
thereunto.
Then there arofe fuch a Schifm in the Church, that the people:
wpuld not fend their Priefts unto the Bifhops, but did eledl them a-
rnongthemfelves, .and put them in Office without the knowledge of
the Bifhops, And JV^ac/fm faith, that both Priefts and people did-
oppofe-
%t^t ccclefiafticai l^iftojv Cent. 1 1.
■' J ■ — — — — ■ — — — — ■ — .
oppofe the PopeV decree,and that not only in Germany, but in France
alfc. Yea Gebuiler, a late Papift, teftifieth, that in thofe times .24 Bi-
(bops in Germany and frame, with their Clergy, did confiantly main-
: tain the liberty of Priefts marriage. If other Nations had followed
the like concord and conftancy of thefe German and French Minifters,
' the devilifh decree of this Hildebrand had been avoided.
' About this time at Z^3«fe/; a Letter was prefented unto a Clerk, as
dircded from Hell ; in it Satan and all that fry, gave thanks unto all
■.Math.ParisHift- the PopKh Clergy, becaufe they vyere not wanting to do their wills
and pleafures, and becaufe by negligence of preaching they had fent fo
many fouls to Hell, as no Age preceding had fcen fo many.
After the death of Hildebrand^ViUor the third. Abbot of Cajfa, was
made Pope, not by the Election of the Kotnam or Cardinals , but was
thruft in by the aid of his Harlot Mathilda, and the Normans that were
of his fadtion.
He being eftabliflied, began to defend Grf^orie>3 pranks, againft the
Emperour and others. But the haftinefs of his death , {hortned his
malice.
when G?<'gor)' and Fic7or were dead, the Biftiops of Germany zr\6.
FM«(;e, confideringthe calamities of the Church, by that unhappy
fchifm, met at Gur\lung, to end the controverfie. There Conrade Bi-
AvMt.Annal. ^[^0^ ^f ytrecht made a long Oration in the Affembly. The Papal
party had chofen Gehhard Bifhop of Salisburgh, to fpeak in their name,
but when he heard the Oration of Co«M«/e , he would not open his
mouth to fpeak on the contrary.
At length a Synod was convocated at Mentz , whither came the
Emperour, the Eledors, and many Dukes, Pf/f)" Bifhop of Fortua,
and Legate of Clemens , and many Bi(hops of Germany and France,
There the fadion of HiWf^riZ«^ by common fufFrage was condemned,
as contrary unto Chriftian piety, and a decree was publifhed , that all
Chriftians (hould (hun the company of thofe accurfed perfons.
Hildebert Arch-Bi(hop of fours, lived under Fhilip the firft King
of France. At that time the Kings of France fumifhed the Churches
with Paftors after the death of the Incumbent. Then Hildebert ap-
proved the prefentation made by the King to a certain Bifhoprick of
his Realm, commending him in this manner. I congratulate mth ver-
Review of the ^*^' ^^'^^ ^^"^'^ ^^'^ reveard under our King. He hath found that the
counccCTieat poreer of a King pines more bright by gifts and liberality, than by the
P' ^y^' Scepter, and that it is not fufficient for a Prince to fiir up his Subjerrs,
to tvell'doing by Examples, unlejlthey be alfo provoked by rewards. Hence
it is, that your good manners were honoured by a great Priefthood.
The difpofition of the King was found and prudent, confidering,
it could not better provide for the Church than by placing you
in it.
At
Cent. M. Of FRANCE.
19
At this time Jw Arch-Biftiopof Chanres'm'Franze ^ after he was
eleded by the Clergy, was prefented to the fame King WtU^ the firft,
. and received his Inveftiture, and pafloral ftaff from him , upon the
refufal of the Arch-Bi(hopof 5e«j-, he wasconfecrated by the Pope,
whereat the faid Arch-Bi(hop was highly offended, infomuch that He ■*
with other Bifhops at the Synod of Eliampes, were upon the point of
revoking the faid confecration made by the Pope, as prejudicial to the
Kiing'j- Autliority. See here what the fame Bithop faith of it in a Let-
ter unto Pope 'Z7riijB. Moresver^l give your Hol'mejs to xvit ^ that *'^^f t gEpift.**!
Afch-Bi(^Jop of Sens being infatuated by theCoitnfel of the Bijhop of
Vii'iS, having fiiinmoned the faid Bijhop of Pixis^ and two others of the
fame bumonr (viz, he of Meaux and He of Troycs) did very indifcreetly
aecufemethis prefent Tear^ becaitfe of the confecration which I had re-
ceived from you •■, faying that 1 had offended againji the King^s Majefty^
by attempting to receive my confecration from the See Apoftolicl^
This Vrban the fecond , forbade theBifhopsof France to Crown iToEplft; 134; -
King Thilip^ whom he had excommunicated : but they were readier
to obey their King' J- commands, than his prohibition. In the Council of
Clermont in France (faith Matthew Paris) held Jnno 10^4. Pope Vrban ^Vu.'a'"'* "*
excommunicated Tbilip King of France.
And another E«^/{/^ Authour faith, In this Council the Pope ex- w>il. Malmsfe^'
communicated King PM//' of Frhoiv necejfary is itfor the Church 0/ Rome , to
place in that Sec a Miniver, rvhich is devont and affeQionate unto her , it
is not for me to inform your Wifdom, which kjionis very weV, that this See
veears the Koyal Diadem, and fervesfor a pattern to aU other Churches of
France, either of Kuine or KefurreHian.
This Ivo of Chartres, although he had received his Inveftiture from
King P^i%) yet inasmuch as he had gotten his confirmation from
Pope Vrban, he was always affedionate to him , and the Koman See,
even to the prejudice of the King and Kingdom , as may be collected
ftom fome of his Epiftles.
t E 'ft io ^" ^^^ contrary becaufe Lzipiu had gotten the Abbey of St. Teter de
Terriers in the Diocefs of Sens, by the donation oi Charles the bald, he
was always loyal, and even brags of it in one of his Epiftles.
It happened, that there cam.e a Fre«(;& Pilgrim to Jer:;falem , called
Tho Fuller Hift. ^^*^'' ^'^ Hermit, born at Amiens in Trance-, one of a contemptible
of the holy War perfon, yet a man of a quick apprehenfion, and eloquent Tongue, and
lib. I. ca. 8. jjjjg jj^^j ^jj counted very Religious. With him Simon the Patriarch
of Jerufalm often treated , concerning the prefent roiferies of the
Chriftians
Gent. II. Of FRANCE. gi
Chriftians under the Turks, what hope of amendment, and how the
matter might be fecretly contrived, that the Princes in Europe might
affift and relieve them. Teter moved with the Patriarch'/ perfwafi-
ons, the equity and honourablenefs of the caufe , and chiefly with a
Vifion(as they fay) from Heaven, took the whole bufinefs upon him,
and travelled to Rome, to confuk with Pope Vrbaa the fecond , about
the advancing fo pious a defign.
Some think, that the Pope firft fecretly employed this Hermit to be
his Fador, and to go to Jerufalem to fet on foot fo beneficial a Trade
for the Church of Kome i becaufe the Pope alone was the gainer by
this great adventure, and all other Princes of Europe came off
lofers.
Pope Vrban had called the Council of Clermont in France foremen-
tioned, where met many Princes and Prelates to whom he made a
long oration: which was to this cffed. Firit, he bemoaned the mi-
feries of the Chriftians in 4/i j, and the vaftation of thofe holy places.
Next, he encouraged the Princes in the Council to take Arms againft Tyriu5ii.i.c. i>.
thofe Infidels-, and to break their bonds in fundcr , and to call; their
cords far from them (as it is written) to tafl out the Handmaid and
her Children,
Otherwife,if they would not help to quench their neighbours hou-
fes, they muft exped the fpeedy burning of their own. and thatthefe
barbarous Nations would quickly over- run all Etcrope.
Now to fet an edge to their courage, he promifed to all that went
this Voyage, a full remiffion of their tins, and pennances here, and the
enjoying Heaven hereafter. Laftly, he thus concluded, Gird your
Swords to your Thighs , O ye men of might : It is our parts to
pray, yours to fight ; ours with Mofes to hold up unwearied hands
to God , yours to ftretch forth the Sword againft thefe Children of
Amaleck^ Amen.
This motion wasmoft chearfully entertained, fo that the whole -
Affemblycryed out, Godmlkth it: A fpeech which was afterward fj^f,^^]'- ■^"' ^^
ufed as a fortunate Watch- word in their moft dangerous dcGgns.
Then many took a crofs of red cloth on their right (houldcr , as a
badge of their devotion : And to gain the favourable alliftance of the
'Virgin Mary to make this War the more happy, her Office was inftitu-
ted, containing certain prayers, which at Canonical hours were to be
made unto her.
Oneobferveth, that it is enough to make it fufpicious , that there
werefomefinifter ends in this War , becaufe Gregory Vjl. otherwife fj„*i" bei"
called Hildehrand (and by Luther in his Chronology , Larva Viaboli.)
the worft of all that fate in the Papal Chair, firft began it : but death
preventing him, Vrban the fecond fwhom Cardinal Benno called Twr-
•i>ani for troubling the whole world} effected it.
M Now
s 2 xi)e eccleftaftical ^iOtn^ Cent. 1 1 .
c
Now a grcar controverfie was in Chriftendom about the iiivefli-
fure of Biftops, whether the right lay k the Pope, or in fecular
Princes. '
Now the Pope diverted this queftion cat of Princes Heads, by
opening an ilTue another way, and gave vent to the activity of their
fpirits in this Martial employment , and in the mean time quietly
went away without any corrival. concluding the controverlie for his
own profit.
Moreover, he got a Mafs of Money by it. He had the office to
bear the bag, and what was put into it,as contributed to this adion
from pious people, and expended but fome few drops of the fliowers
he received.
As the Pope, fo moft of the Clergy improved their Eftates by this
^mii. degeft. War: For the fecular Princes who Went this Voyage, fold or morga-
Ftanc.p, ios>. gcd moft of their Eftates (lelling for Gold, to purchafe with Steel and
Iron) and the Clergy were generally their Chapmen. Godfrey Duke
of Bovillon, fold that Dukedom to the Bifhop of Liege , and the Caftic
of Sartenfy and Monfa to the Bilhop of Verdun. Baldxvmhis Brother
Daniel in Hen- {qU him the City of Verdttn. Yea by thefe fales the third part of
the Feoffs in France^ came to be poffefTed by the Clergy , who made
good bargains for themfelves, and had the confcience to buy Earth
cheap, and Heaven dear.
Many Prelates and Fryarsleft their paftoral Charges and Covents tO'
follow this bufinefs.
T-he total fum of thofe pilgrim Souldiers amounted to. three hun-
dred thoufand. The French, Vuteh, Italian and E»glilh, were the four
Elemental Nations , whereof this Army was compounded. But
France contributed more Souldiers to this Army than all Chriftendom
belides. The fignal men were Hugh, firnamed le Grand , Brother to
the King of France. Godfrey Duke of Bevillon , Baldwin and Eujiace
his younger Brothers i Stephen Earl of Bloys, Father to Stephen after-
wards King of England j Ksymund Earl of Iholoufe i Kobert Earl of
Flanders j Hugh Earl of St. Fattt; Baldwin de Bnrge^ with many moret
bcfides of the Clergy Aimar Bifhop of P»>i, and Legate to the Pope,
and William Biihop of Orange.
Out of the fartheft parts of Italy^ Boemund Prince of I'arentum, and
Taj/cre^ his Nephew, (both of the iy?i»-;Mtf» feed, though growing on
tlie ApHliaK'[oy]) led an Army of twelve thoufand Men. Many
Souldiers alfo went out of Lomhardy,
■ E«g/,3«<:^ alfo (the Pope's pack horfe in that Age) fent many brave
Hien under Kobert Duke of Normandy, Brother to JViUiamKufas (now
King of E^g/"*?/^ after the Death of his Father) as Beauchamf and 6-
thers whofe names are lofl. '
All thefe Princes being calkd up by Pope Vrhm^ gatheied togethei
great
ssii^
great Armies at dirers times and places unto that War. After many
difficulties, and the lofs of msmy men they arrived in Pzleftirte^ and Je-
rufalem was won by the Chriftians, and twenty thoufand lurk^ there-
in (lain on July 1 5 , Anno 1 op8. *
Kobert thtNsratan refufeth the Kingdom of JerufaUm , and God-
frey of Bovillott is chofen King. In this choice, that they might know
the nature of the Princes the better, their Servants were examined on
Oath to confefs their MafterV faults. The Servants of Godfrey pro-
tefted their MafterV only fault vras this , That when Mattens were
done, he would ftay fo long in the Church , to know of the Prieft
the meaning of every Image and pidlure, that Dinner at home was
fpoiled by his long tarrying : All admired hereat , and unanimoufly
-chofe him their King.
In the latter end of this Century, Brant ^ Chanon of the
Church of Colen and Khemes ^ bare the praife of Learning and
Holinefs , and was Mafterof the Schools, by whom the order of
the Carihfffiatts was begun.
The C/]ier(7MM Order was begun >^»«o I op8. by Robert , Abbot of
Molifma, as Sigebert faith.
Godfrey o( Bovillon dyed, having reigned one year, wanting five
days. After his death, the Chriftians with a joynt confent fent to
Baldwin his Brother, Count of Edejfa , ( a City in Arabia , the Lord
whereof had adopted this Baldtvin to be his Heir) and entreated hina
to accept of the Kingdom, which honourable oifcr he coyrtcoufly em-
braced, Anno 1 100.
He was a Prince of the largeft fize, higher by the Head than his
Subjefts 1 Bred he was a Scholar, entred into Orders , and was Pre-
bendary in the Churches of Khemes, Liege , and Cambray , but after-
wards turned fecular Prince, but Baldwin put not off his Scholar-fhip
with his habit, but made good ufe thereof in his Reign.
M 2 Cent. 12^
84 ^fte ecdeftadiral ^iHtoii^ Cent. i^.
Century XI I.
A'
Nm iroj. Vope Tafcal the fecond, gathered a Council at
Troyes in France, to throw out of the hands of the Empe-
rourHMryV. the right of Inveftiture of Bifhops.
In the beginning of this Century, Great Hugh of Franse
was buried at 7arfiif in Cilicia, Duke Guelpbo zt Paphos in Cyprus.
P/fwo the Arch-Bifhopof ^^//ziarg;^ fawhis own Heart cut out, and
Martyred by the Tsri^j at C/j£))"j2i«, fo manythoufand Souldiers weie
c.onfumed with Plague, Famine and the Sword, that Cofirade, Abbot of
chfpnico 1%S> '^'■-//"'^ ^^° ^^"^ 3"^ w^o"^^ t^is Voyage, faith, God manifefted by
19. ' '• the, event, that this War was not pleafing to him.
Kabbi Solomon Jarchi^zhiined French Jea>, who hath commented
on the whole Bible, to whom Lyra is beholden for the Hebrew, dyed
Anno 1105.
Thilip King o{ Fraacf haviag refigned his Crown to his Son
Lewes at Orleans , and caufed him to be Crowned Ring , dy? th at
Melun, Anno iioj?.
Calixtus the fecond, before called Guido of Burgundy., defcended- of
, the Kings of E«g/i«i and France., fucceeded Pope Gelafms. He was
chofen.Pope at CUigny in Frame by a few Cardinals, whom Gelafm had
brouglit with him, yet was Pope Grfg^r)' alive , whom the Emperour
Kimfelf had created. . ._ ^ -.y
Calixius bcfiegeth Siatrium, a Town where Gregory was, ^ and
having taken the Town, and his fellow Pope, he caufed feimto be fet
upon a Camel, with his Face to the Camel's Tail , fo he was brought
through theflreetsof K^we, holding the Tail in his hand inftcad of,
a Bridle.: and afterwards being (horn he was thruft into a Mo-
naftery.
This Pope Calixtus w^s the firft that eftabliflied the decrees of the
Papal See, againft the Emperour. He held a general Council at Khemes,
End decreed thatPriefls, Deacons and Sub- Deacons fhould put away
their Concubines and wives : and whofoever was found to keep his
A/Hife,fco,uldbe deprived of,Eene£ce, and all other Ecclefiaftical li-
ving, whereupon a certain F.ngUjh Writer made thefe Verfes
following, .
0;
Cent. 11. Of FRANCE. SS
btne Calixte,nunc (mtnis Clerus odit te, -
^ondam Fresbyteri poterant Vxoribns uti.
Hoc dejiruxifti, pojiquam tuPapa fttifii^
Ergo tuum merit o nomen habent odio.
He fate five years, and ten months. Honsr'm the fecond- fucceeded
him. In the time of this Honorim , Amulph a fingular preacher of
Chrift-ian Religion flourillied. Hugo ^ Flathia and SabeHicm {iy , he
was Bifnop of Lions in France. 'Trithemim faith he was a Prieft,
whofe Hiftory I will briefly fet down. Arnulph, was a devout , and
zealous Man, a worthy preacher; Coming to Kome^ he rebuked in his
preaching the diirolutenefs,incontinency , avarice , and pride of the
Komijh Clergy, provoking all to follow Chrift and his Apoftles , rather
in theii-^overty and purenefs of Life : by reafon whereof this man
Was well accepted and liked of the Nobility of Kome, for a true Di»
fciple of ehrift : but of the Cardinals and Clergy he was no lefs ha-
ted, than favoured of the other i infomuch that privily in the night
feafon they took him and deftroyed him. This his Martyrdom f faith
he^ was revealed unto him before by an Angel, he being in the defert
when he was fent forth CO preach. Whereupon he. thus fpake unto
thera publickly. I.know (faith he) yefcek my Life, and will deftroy
me.privily,becaufe Lpreach to you the truth, and blame your pride,
avarice, incontinency, with your unfatiable greed inefs in getting and
heaping up richeSj therefore you are difpleafed with me.
I take here Heaven and Earth to witnefs, that I. have preached un-
to you that which I was commanded-of the Lord, but you contemn
me and your Creator, who by his only Son hath redeemed you. And
no marvel, if you feek my death, being a finful man preaching to you
the truth, whereas if St. Peter were here this day , and rebuked your
vices, which do fo multiply above meafure, you would not fpare him
neither. Andashe was faying this with a loud voice, he added, for
ray part I am not afraid to fuffer death for the truth's fake,but this I fay
unto you, that God will look upon your iniquities, and be avenged of
ypu. You being full of all impurity , play the blind guides to the
people committed to you, leading them the way to Hell. Thus the
hatred of the Popifli Clergy being incenfcd againft him for preaching,
they confpired againft him and killed him. Sabellicus and Plathia fay, p^^ ^^ ^.^^^
that they hanged him, and others that they drowned him. All num. ad'ann.
the Clergy were defamed for his death i the Pope took it ill, but he "5''
revenged it not,
H/7 in friendfhip Pan-
thers, in deceit Foxes, in pride Bulls, to devour Minorants. He
wrote to Honorm H. refuting appellations to Row?, becaufe it was a
novelty contrary to the Scripture, and very hurtful to the Church. He
{heweth the condition of Kome briefly in two Verfes,
Morn, ia Myft. ^^jj, jTck/wc, fj vet Vomims mbs ilia careret,
Vel VominU ejfet turpt carere fide.
He was apprehended, andimprifoned at Kome.
King Lewet called a Council of the Lords and Bifliops of France^
at the City of Orleanf, where, of the Bifhop of the fame place, he was~
folemnly anointed and Crowned, but not without the grudging of the
Arch-Bifliop of Khemei. The Frf«c& begin to fall from their obedi-
ence, and rebellions are kindled in divers places of his Realm :
and the places near unto faris began thefe firft revolts ; his Reign
was very troublefome.
He had crowned his eldeft Son Thilip, who going to take the Air on
Horfe-back,an Hog pafled under the Belly of his Horfe, which being
feared threw him down, and bruifed him fo, that within few Jays after
he dyed. Then King Lewe/ marrieth his Son Lewes to the Heir of
Cnienne. He made Henry., his third Son, Biihop of Beavois , another
P/>////> Arch- Deacon of Paw, Pef f r Earl of Coartney , Robert Earl of
Vreux, and married his only Daughter CoMf?<»«« to Keimund Earl of
'tholoufe and St. Giles. Leaves the grofs having thu» fettled his Chil-
dren, dyed ^;2«<7 1 137.
His Son Leivej VII. fucceeded him , and reigned three and forty
years, his long reign was nothing happy, and contains in it nothing
that was memorable, but that the foundation was laid for a long cala-
mity for France.
After tht death o( Baldtvin,K.\ngo£ J^rufalem, Baldwin de Bttrge
his Kinfman, was chofen King.
This Baldwin was a proper Perfonage, and of able body, barn nigh
Khemes in France, Son to Hugh Count of Kofier. He was very charita-
ble to the poor, and pious toward God v witnefs the brawn on his
hands and knees made with continual praying , valiant alfo, and ex-
cellently well feen in martial affairs.
After the death of Arntii^h^ Patriarch of Jerufalem^ Guarimond born
in France fuccecd ed him.
«' About this time the two great orders of Templers and Teutonicks
appeal-
Cent. 12. Ctf FRANCE. $y
appeared in the World, The former under Hugh de Taganie^ and Gatt-
fred of St. Omer their firft Founders. They agreed in profeffion with
the Hofpitalkrs, and performed it alike, vowing poverty , chafiity and
obedience, and to defend Pilgrims coming to the Sepulchre. It is
falfly fathered on St. Bernard, that he appointed them their rule,
who prefcribeth not what they (bould do, but only dcfcribeth what
they did.
At the fame time began the 'teutonich^ Order, confifting only of
Dutch-men well defcendcd, living at Jerufalem in an houfe , which
one of that Nation bequeathed to his Country- men that came thither
en Pilgrimage.
King Baldwin was afterwards taken prifoner , and Eujlace Grenier^
chofen Vice-Roy while the King was in durance, ftoutly defended the
Countrey. Bi^Wwiw a little before his death renounced the World, and
took on him a religious habit. He dyed not long after, ii/z. in the
thirteenth year of his Reign, and was buried with his predeceffours in
the Temple of the Sepulchre.
FhIc9, Earl of I'owrj, Mam and Anjott, coming fome three years be-
fore on Pilgrimage to Jerufalem, there married the King'/ Daughter,
he was chofen the fourth King of Jerufalem.
He was well nigh do years old. By his firft Wife he had a Son,
Geoffery of Flantagenet, Earl of Anjou, to whom he left his Lands in
France, and from whom our Kings of Englandatc defcended.
Fulco having reigned eleven years with much care and induftry, was TytiujiiB,ir5j
flain as he followed his fport in hunting. Ihomas fuller brings him in "' "'''
thus fpeaking his Epitaph.
A Hare Ihunted, and T>eath hunted me.
Ihe more my fpeed rvai, was the worfe my fpeed : i^," rib°.I,
For as veet-mounted I away did flee,
^eath caught andkilPd me failing from my Steed.
X(?t this mijhap an happy mifs I count.
That fell fram Horfe^ that I to Heaven might mount,
Baldwin the third fucceeded his Father. He was well learned , e-
fpeciallyin Hiftory, liberal, witty and facetious. His mother Mille-
fent continued a Widow, and as for Children's- fake (he married
once, fo for her Children's- fake (he married no more. St. Bernard
and (he often converfcd together by Letters : He extolled her fingle
Life.
This St. Bernard Abbot of Clarevaux, or Clareval, was famous in
that time. He often complains of the defedion of the Church.
He (harply rebuked the vitious lives of Bi(hops and Abbots. Yea,
he did not fpare the Popes, as appeareth partly by what he wrote Bera.ip.*.'
unto
unto Pope EugeniiK, and unto Innocent the fecond. And for his liberty
Epift. 178. Apo. in fpeaking againft theerrours of his time, he was reproached, fo that
Aifbat. ' "™" be was conftrained to publifh Apologies , where he faith , that they
called him the moft miferable of Men , one who prefumed to judge
the World, and by the fliadow of his bafenefs infult over the lights of
the World.
And he faith there, that he was like to be killed every day, and was
judged as a (heep for the ilaughter ; yet neverthelefs he was not afraid
y to fpeak of their vices, becaufeCfaid hej melius (f,i ut fcandalnm orium
tHf^ quam Veritas relirtquatttr ; It ii better that a fcandal Jhould arife^
than truth (fjonld be relinquiflied. Who at the beginning when the
order of Monks began (faith he) could think that Monks would be-
come fo naughty ? Oh hovv unlike are we to thofe in the days of An-
t/Jony> did A/^camwlive in fuch a manner ? did Eaf.l teach fo ? did
Anthofty ordzln fo ? did the Fathers in Egjy/'t carry themfelves fo ? how
is the light of the World become darknefs? how is the fait of the
Earth become unfavoury ? I am a Lyar f faith he) if I have not feen an
Abbot having above fixty horfes in his train : when ye faw them
riding, ye might fay, Thefe were not Fathers of MonafterieSjbut Lords
of Caftles ; not feeders ofSouls, bur Princes of Provinces.
They have carried after them their Table-Gloths, Cups, Bafons,
Candlefticks, and Portmantua's ftuffed not with ftraw , but ornaments
of Beds, fcarce will any of them go four miles from his houfe , but
he muft have all things with him, as if he were going into a leaguer,
or thipugh a Wildernefs, where neceffaries could not be had. O va-
nity of vanities ! the Walls of Churches are glorious, and poor folks
are in necellity.
Yet may it befaid, that Bernard was a follower of the Popes. I an-
fwer,ycs-, he gave them 'all the Titles that others gave thetn: but fee
what blows hegave them,asappear£th by what he wrote to hinocen-
tiuf^audEiigeniuf^ he lays on them the blame of all the wickednefs in
the Church, In rites he was carried'with the fway of the times , but
his Doftrine was far different from the Tenets of the Church of Kome.
Bern, Eplii. 91. In one of his Epiftles he writes thus. I would be in that Council,
ccngr^"" '""^^ where the Traditions of Men are notobftinately defended, nor fuper-
flitioufly obferved, but where they fearch diligently and humbly, what
is the good, perfect and acceptable will of God : thither am I carried
with all my deiirei and there would I abide devoutly.
inTraa.deprs- And elfewhere he faith, many things %vere devifed and ordainedi
rept.& Difptnf. not becaufe they might not be otherwife, but becaufe it was fo expe-
dient,andcertainly but for conferving charity; therefore fo long as
the things do ferve charity , let* them fiand without change; nor
can they be changed without offence, no not by the Rulers.
But coiitrarily, if they be contrary unto charity, in the judgement
Cent. li. Of FRANCE. 8^
of fuch only unto whom it is granted to overfee, is it not clearly moft
jufl;,that what things were devifed for charity, (hould alfo be omitted,
or intermitted for charity, when it is fo expedient? or Cat leaft) that
they be changed to another thing more expedient : as on the other
fide, certainly it were unjuft, if thefe things that were ordained for
charity, be held againft charity. Let them therefore hold faft that
which is immoveable.
The fame Bernard informs us , that then was held a Council at B^^n. de conff-
Rhemef^ wherein the Pope was prefident. And faith he , Brethren I :tges..
But tl;e Pope knowing the King's timerous nature, excommunica-
ted him , put his ferfon iu interdidj and gave order that in France^ m
all
Cent.i2. Of FRANCE. 9,
all places where the King came, divine Service (liould ceafe j and all
his Court were deprived of the Comnnunion.
This latted three whole years till St. Bernard c^me to the King, and
perfwaded him to receive the faid Arch-Bifhop.
But becaufe by fo doing, the King brake his Oath made upen the
Holy Relicks, he was enjoyned for fatisvadion to take a Journey to the
Holy Sepulchre in^jn^, to fight againft the Saracens. In which
Journey the King loft the flower of the French Nobility, and re-
turned afflided and full of confufion , as you fliall fee more
hereafter.
Feter Biihop o( Chgny was in great account wiih Vope Etegenm,
Bernard wrote many Epiftles to him : in one Epifile he calleth him
a Veffel of Honour, full of Grace and Truth, and endued with many
gifts.
The lofs of Edejfa (whereimfij|riflianity had flourifhed ever fince
the Apofi:les timesj moved Co«4^PE.mperour of the Wefi, and Leaves
VH. fir- named the young, King of Fr^we, to undertake a Voyage to
the Holy Land.
Pope Eugenm III. beflirred himfelf in the matter , and made . St.
Ber/wr^;^ ftisfolicitour to advance the defign. The Emperour's Army
contained two hundred thoufand foot, beiides fifty thoufand Horfe :
nor wasthe Army of King Lerees much inferiour in number. In
Trance they fent a DiftafF and a Spindle to all thofe that went not Lud. viC
with them, as upbraiding their effeminatenefs. But by the way, the
G^-fciiiw Emperour did them all pollible mifchief, by mingling lime
withtheir meal, by killing of (iraglers, by holding intelligence with
the 'turks their enemies, by corrupting his Coyn , fo that the Dutch
fold good Wares for bad Money, and bought bad Wares with good
Money, by giving them- falfe conductors, which trained them
into danger, To that there was more fear of the guides than of the
way.
The King of France followed after the Emperour, and drank of the
fame Cup at the Grecians hands, though not fo deeply, till at laft, Hnd'
ing that thofe who marched through ths Contitient, met with an O-
cean of mifery, he thought better to trufi: the wind and the Sea than
the Greel{.t^ and taking fliipping, fafely arrived in Falejiine , where he
was welcomed by Keimund Prince of Antioch. Some weeks were
fpent in entertainment, and viliting holy places, till at laft, E//a;;or Tho.FulIer holj
Wife to the King of Fmw^, who accompanied her Husband, made ^'^^'"•^'''•*'
Religion her Pander, and plaid Bankrupt of her honour,under pretence
of Pilgrimage, keeping company with a bafe 5i»r.ice«- Jcikr, whom Hie
preferred before a King.
The Emperour and the French Kingbefiege Vamafcus : but fome of
the Chriftians corrupted with ^Tar)^?^ Money, perfwaded the King of
N 2 F'^'ance
Paul. ^mi!. m)
9 2 5Cl)e eccleftaftical ^idojV Cent. n.
France to remove his Camp to a ftronger part of the Walls •, which
they long befieged in vain, and returned home at laft, leaving the Ci-
ty and their honours behind them. The Yrench Proverb was verified
of this Voyage ; Much brait^ and little fruit. Many thoufand Chrifti"
ans periflied in this adventure.
The French King coming homeward , was taken prifoner by the
Fleet of the Grecian Emperour, and refcued again by Gregory, Admiral
to Koger K\r)g of Sicily. When he was arrived in France^ his Wife
was in open ParHamcnt divorfed from him. He gave her back again
all the Lands in F>-J«cf which he had received with her in portion.
Herem he did nobly, but not politickly, to part with the Dukedoms of
PsiHoK and Aqnitain^ which he enjoyed in her right : for hereby he
difmembred his own Kingdom, and gave a torch into the hands of
Henry II. King of Fngl and (^viho afterwards married her) to fet France
entire. St. Bcr«jri/wascondemnei«Eiong the vulgar tort for the
murtherer of thofe that went thSBroyage i and it was an heavy
Eein. it coBfi- affliftion for his aged back, to bear the reproach of many people. In
er. ;. 3. a. i. j^j^ {^qqJ^ ^f Consideration he maketh a m.odcli defence of himfelf, whi-
ther we refer the Reader. Upon the departure of the Emperour
Conrade , and King Lexves , Noradine the "tu^rk, much prevailed in'
Palefiine.
Teter de Braif. a priefi at Thsloitfe, preached in fundry places againfr'
the Popes, and the Doflrine of Ivowf, calling the Pope the Prince of
Scdom,znd Komehe called Babylon, xhe mother of Whoredoms and'
confufion. He preached againft the corporal prefenceof Chriftin the
Uor«. myft. 1- ggcrament, againft the facrifice of the Mafs.he condemned the worihip
""'"' ef Images, prayers to Saintsjfingle hfe of priefts, pilgrimages, multi-
tude of Holy-days, c"^c.
The fore- named Feter, Abbot of Clugny wrote againft him. Thi?
Teier de BritU began to preach about the year 1 125.
eui'erni. lib. 5. After him, his Difciple Hc-wj, a Monk, continued preaching the
•a. 5- fame Dodrine. GKi/frw, an Abbot, writing the life of St. Bernard
faith of this Henry, That he denied the grace of Baptifm unto Infants^
he defpifcd the prayers and oblations for the Dead j the excommuni-
cation of Priefts j thepilgrimage of Believers i the fumptuous buil-
dings of Churches •, the idlenefs of Fefiival-days •■> the confecration
of chrifm and oyl, and all the ordinances of the Church. He flieweth
tliem that the people fent for Bem.ird to come againft him , but he
refufed until ^/ifricwBifliop of Oiiia was fent Legate againft him,
and he perfwadeth Bernard to go with him to Iholoufe. And then
Bfc/wr^ wrote his 240. Epiftle unto HiWf/a/(/ff.f, Count of St. Giles a-
gainft this Henry. Certain it is (as the proverb is) Bernard faxv not aU
tl}ings, and howbeit he wrote bitterly againft him, yet he commendeth
him.asa.learned man , and he was. foreverencedjthat the people did'
follow.
Cent. 12. Of FRANCE. 93
follow him. T>e Bruif was burnt at Iholoufe , and Alberkus carried
Henry into Italy, Their Books were burnt.
In Paleft/ne King Baldwin was poifoned by a Jewi(h Phyfician.
And Almerkky^xothQi to King Baldrvin, fucceeded to the Crown. In
the Church of yer^/a/fwz on e^/wmc/^ was Patriarch , a French-man
born, thougii little fit for the place.
King ^/wmc^ againft his promifeinvadethE|[y/'f, but his perjury
was punifhed with the future ruine of the Kingdom of Jemfalem^ and
himfelf dies of a bloody-flux.
Baldwin his Son, the fourth of that name, fuccecdeth. This Bali-
TvinW, had excellent Education under William Arch-Bifliop of Tj're,
a pious man, and excellent Scholar, skilled in all the Oriental Tongues,
befides the Pk?c^, and the Fre«c& his Native Language, a moderate _ p li
and faithful Writer: For in thelattter part of his Hiftory of the holy Hift.HoiyWar.-,
War, his eye guided his hand, till at laft the taking of the City of Je- '■• =• "• 3*«
rufalem fo (hook his hand that heltrote no more.
Treafurer he was of all the Money's contributed to the holy War v
Chancellour of this Kingdom, employed in fereral Embaffies in the
Wefi\ pre(entat the Lateran Council, the Afts whereof he did record.^
Cardinal he might have been but refufcd it.
Lewes the French King caufed his Son Fhilip to be crowned' at
Rhemes^ at the Age of 1 4. years. Anno 1 1 7p. He betroth ed him to Ifa-
W the Daughter of BaWrriw Earl oi Henault. King Lewes having
thus difpofedof his affairs, died Anno 1 180.
The Title of Afiguftus was given to Fhilip his Son and fucceffour.-
In the beginning of his Reign he purged the corruptions that were '
then prevalent among the people, viz. Blafphemies, Plays, Dicing-
houfes, publick diffolut^nefs in infamous places. Taverns and Tipling-
houfes. He expelled the y^a'/ (difperfed throughout his Kingdom,
and given to griping ufury ) and albeit they obtained a return for
Money , yet in the end he banifhed them out of all the Territories of
France,
The Patriarch of yfn ..
Now
£^_ %Se cccleftamcal !^tao?p Cent.
12.
Now fprang up the Dodrine and name. of them, which were then
called Paitperes de Lugdune, which of one lyaldus, a chief Senator in
LyoHs^ were named Waldenfes ; they were alfo called LeonijU^ & In-
fabbatati^ about the year of our Lord 1 170.
It happened on a day as divers of the principal men of the City
affembled together, confulted upon divers matters, that one of the
company fell down and dyed fuddenly, the reft of the company look-
ing on. This Waldus being terrified at the fight of it, was converted
and prefently reformed his Life. He miniftred of his Goods large
Alms to the Poor, he purchafed a Bible, itudied the Scriptures,inftrudt-
ed himfelf, and his Family with the true knowledge of God's word.
He admoniChed all that reforted to him to repentance and amendment
of Life. He gave out to them that were ready to learn certain rudi-
ments of the Scripture, which himfelf had tranflated into the French
Tongue, for he was both Wealthy and Learned.
The Vopijh Prelates threatned to excommunicate him : but he neg-
leding thdit\\xC2itx\m%s,(d\A,Ggd mull be obeyed rather than Man. At
length they drave both TFaldus , and all his adherents out of the
City. The Articles of the Waldenfes , I find in order and number
to bcthefe.
1 . That only the Holy Scripture is to be Believed , in matters per-
taining to Salvation, e^c.
2. All things to be contained in Holy Scripture neceflary to
Salvation.
3. That there is one only Mediator •, that other Saints are in no wife
to be made Mediators, or to be invocated.
4. They rejedled purgatory, afferting that all men, either by Chrift
are juftified to Life, or without Chrift be condemned, and befides thefe
two, neither any third or fourth place to be.
5. That all MaCTes, i/iz. fuch as be fung for the dead , be wicked,
and are to be abrogate.
6. That all Mens Traditions are to be rejected, at leaft not to be
reputed as neceflary to Salvation, &c. That conftrained Fafts , diffe-
rence of Meats, fuch variety of degrees and orders of Priefts , Fryars,
Monks and Nuns, fuperfluous Holy-days, f(fciany fundry benedidi-
©ns, and hallowing of Creatures •, vows, peregrinations, with all the
Rabbkment of Rites and Ceremonies to be aboliflied.
7. The fupremacy of the Pope ufurping above all Churches , and
cfpecially above all politick Realms, and Governments , not to be
acknowledged ; neither that any degree is to be received in the
Church, but only Bifhops, Priefts and Deacons.
8. The Communion under both kinds to be neceflary to all people,
according to the Inftitution of Chrift.
f. That
Cent.i2. Of FRANCE. $7
9. That the Church of Rome, is BabyloH^pokcn of in the KevelatioH^
and the Pope is Antichrift.
10. They reje<9: the Pope's pardons and indulgences.
11. They hold the Marriage of Priefts and Ecclefiaftical perfons to
be pious, and neceffary in the Church.
12. Thatfuchas hear the Word of God, and have a right Faitli,
are the true Church of Chrift,
jfo^M Arch-Bifhop of Lyonr, excommunicated Waldtu and all his
followers. They were difperfed into divers places , of whom many
remained long in Bohemia, who writing to their King Vladijlaiis to
purge themfel ves againft the flanderous accufations of one Dodor Au-
ftin, gave up their confelfion, with an Apology for their Chriftian pro-
feffion , defending with ftrong and learned Arguments , the fame
which is now received in mofl reformed Churches , concerning
Grace, Faith, Hope, Charity, Repentance, and Works of Mercy.
KeyneriuSy an Italian Inquifitor , under Pope Innocent the third,
writes of them thus. Among all the Sedts that ever were , or now
are, non(; is fo hurtful to the Church, as thefe poor men oi Lyom,
for three caufes,
1. Beeaufe it continueth longeft : for fome fay, it hath been
from the days of Pope Sylvejler I. and others fay from the days of
the Apoftles.
2. Beeaufe it is moft general, feeing there is no Nation where it
fpreadeth not.
3. whereas all other are conjoyned with blafphemy againfl: God,
this Sedt of the Leonifts hath a great (hew of Godlinefs : for they
live juftly before men , and believe all things concerning God,
and all the Articles of the Creed : only they reproach and hate
the Koinan Church-, and the multitude is ready to accept fuch
things.
Rf)'«m«< faith, there were accounted forty Churches defiled with
this Herelie, ashecallethit : and inoneParilh they haid ten Schools, vertier in Fard-
So He. /''fr«er«x faith, there were fome mort fubtil perfons among cui.Tempor,
them, who endeavoured to maintain their opinions. And James de
Kebiria faith, Beeaufe they who were called Priefts and Bidiops at
that time, were ignorant almoft of all things , it was eailc unto the
^<»We«/e/, being learned, to gaiu the firft place among the people. 9'"''.- ''"*^'^' "^
Some of them difputedfo accurately, that the Priefts permitted them '"
to preach publickly.
As for the continuance of this Sed in following times, one having
inferted the Confeffion of Faith, which they fent to the King of Hun-
gary, Anno 1508. faith. It ditfereth not much from thofe things that
are now taught by Some, meaning Luther. And he addeth , that the
O Waldeii-
ril. li. 15.
Jl X5^ ccciefiadical ^ifttnv cenc. n,
JFaldenfes may be better known from that confellion, than by the Ca-
talogue of Hereticks, fet forth by Bernard of Lutzmburgh.
Nauclerns faith, that the HTtfites followed the Sed of the Walden^
Thuin Hift. ad fes. And 'IhaaHus faith, that Yeter TFaldics leaving his Countrey wen?
""■'^°' into Belgium indFicardy^ finding many followers j he pafTed thence
into (jfr»7ij«j, abiding a long fpace in the Cities of VandaUa^ and laft-
]y he fettled in Bo/jfwij, where to this day (faith he) they who em'-
brace that Dodrine, are called ficards.
His Companion Arnold went into Aquiuln , and abode in Alhium^
whence the followers of him werE called Albigei^ or Albigenfes. Their
liberty of Speech, wherewith they ufcd to blame the vices and diflb-
HHi.YnthiL ^i^fenefs of the Princes of France and the Clergy, yea to tax the vices
Auguft. and anions of the Popes, this was the principal thing that brought
them into Univerfal hatred, and which charged them with more evil
opinions than they had.
Philip Aagujhts intending to declare his Son Thilip. his fuccefTour in
M. Joan. Da. the Realm, Called a general Council at Pari/, of all the Arch-Eilfiops,
fes meioV/s.^" B''^C)ps, Abbots, together with the principal Lords of his Kingdorn».
In this Council they treated of all things' Temporal and Spiritual.
whence that appears to be true, which a learned French- man hzth writ-
ten long ago, That aniiently the affairs of France, were managed by the
Clergy^ and Lay-men joyntly.
' King Fhilip had put away Qaeen Ifabel his Wife, and married Aii^i
the Daughter of the King of h'««gfrg(?, he received her again, and
ended !iis days witli her. The King of Venmark^ vehemently purfued
Thilip in the Court of Kootp, Thilip prepares his Advocates to fhew
thereafons why he had put her away. The caufe was to be pleaded
before the Pope's Legate, in the great Hall of the Bifliop's Palace at
Be. Serre?Hi^ P feeing ((W our Nation faith) Satan U let loofe there to the ruine of
all the Church j there Chriji U Crucified again^ and manifeftly facrilegious
. perfons and murtherers go free^
Peter, a Monk of Paris, being of great Age , dyed Anno 1 1 6y, he
commendeth God's Word, and taxeth the idlenefs and impieties of
Priefts , the curioOty of School men , the multitude and abufes of
MalTes, the multitude of Men's Traditions, whereby the precepts of
God are made void : He calleth Indulgences a godly deceit.
Bernard, a Monli of Clugny about that time wrote a large Satyr^
not fparing the Pope nor Cardinals., of which here are foms
paiTages.
Pontificalia corde carentia corde prohavit~.
Pontificalia corda pecunia eontenebravit ,
Tontificum jiatus ante fuit ratus, integer ante
llle jlatum dabat-, ordine, nunc labat ille labante.
§ui fuper hoc mare debuerat dare fe quafi pontemi
In Sion,ommbm e\i via plebihus in Phlegetontem^
Stat fib i gloria, pomp a ^ fuper bia divitiarum,.
Hoc prope tempore nemo Student fore pons animarumu
^i flat in agmine primus in ordine Presbyteratus,
Efl vitio kvis, officio brevU , inguine fraUus.
TEhen of the Popilh Prelats and Clergy, he faith- i
Vos volo credere quod vol o dicer e, Pfeudoproph etas-^ '..
Nulla feracius ac numerofius hac tulit oetas.
His facra mmina, facraque tegmina, corda fuperba.,
Agnus eis patet in tunica^ latet anguis in Herbk ■■,
^tilibet improhus extat Epifcopus : Abba ere atur
Vi, precio, prece : Dignus homo nece fceptra lucratur-,.
NuHus ei timor, haudque fui memor, e(i aliarum
Non fine Simone^ fed. fine Canone. dux animarum.
Biv^rs others he hath of this Nature, which I (hall pafs by.
Peter Abailard fpoke and wrote againfl; the Holy Trinity , and ai-
gainrt the Office of Chrift. In the Dodtrine of the Trinity he was an
Arian; of Grace, a Pf/<«^ii/»^of the perfon of Chrift, a Nf/foriaa, He
was fummoned to anfwer in a Council at Soiffbns, where he did appear
but would not, anfwer, but only did appeal unto the Court of Kome^
and djd glory that his books had found acceptaace.there» TheBiftops-
did.
Gent. II. Of FRANCE. loi
did note and condemn his Errour, and the fentenceagainft his perfon
they did refer unto Pope Innocent.
Peter Cantor flouri(hed about this time, he was of Paris. He wrote
a Book de verba ahhreviato.
In that Booli, he not only taxeth the loofe life of the Clergy, and
the negled of their Office, but alfo many other abufcs of the Pope and
his Mafs-Priefts. John deVefaUa in his Book againlt Indulgences,
writeth that this Cooksoi Sentences, out of the writings of theFathers, and he:is cal- ^tft!''^'*"'*''
led, 'the. Majier of the Sentences. Gratian compiled the Pope's decrees,
or the Canon- Law.
Thefe two Brethren were the greateft doers in finding out, and efta-
blidiing the blind opinion of the Sacrament, that the only fimilitude of
Bread and Wine remained, but not the fubftance of them, and this they
call the fpiritual underftanding of the myfiery.
Lombard's Sentences were authorized as the Text in all Schools,
and to the end that no man from thenceforth fliould fearch antiquity
and truth any more from Fathers or Councils, under no lefs danger
thanguiltinefs of Herelie.
Hear what Cornelm Agrippa faith of this ScholaHick Theology. It
is (faith hej of the kind ot Centaures, a two-fold Dilcipline blown up comeT. Agnpp.'.
by the SffrioM of rjrix, with a kind of mixture of Divine Oracles, '•f^anit.fdenc. .
and Philofophical reafonings, written after a new form, and far diffe- '^'' '^'
rent from the Antient Culfoms, by queftions and fly fy llogifmcs, with-
out all ornament of Language, eJ^c. He addeth that the faculty of
Scholaftick Divinity is not free from errour and wickednefs. Thefe
curfed Hypocrites and bold Sophifts have brought in fo many Here-
fies, which preach Chrift,not of good will (as St. Paulizith) but of
icoiitention i fo that there is more agreement among Philofophers than
anvong,
^o^ XU^ttlttmmml^imV C ent. 13.
among thefe Divines, who have extinguilhed ancient Divinity with
humane opinions, and new errours.
Barthotometv Gravm,z?nntei^t Lovain, in his Preface before his
Edition of thefe Sentences telleth us, that he had a purpofe to re-
duce all the Teftimonies unto the firft Fountains fincerely : but to his
great admiration he was told by the Mafters there it could not be fo v
becaufealbei tin their Editions, innumerable places were correfted,
yet many errours were as yet remaining and thefe not little ones. And
not a few things in the Edition at P^m were changed : not according
to the truth of the old Books, but inconjedurci yea, and oft-times
the old words were corrupted through an immoderate deOre of a-
mending, and in many places the worfe was put for the better, 6^c.
And feeing thefe Books have been fo often changed, little credit
can be given to any of their late Editions , and that even the
Mafter himfelf had not written foundly according to the Fathers
which he citeth.
Century XIII.
ALegat came into France^ and commanded King Thilip upon
pain of Interdidion , to deliver one Teter out of Prifon,
that was Eleded to a Biihoprick , and thereupon he was
delivered.
In the Year 1 20:5 . John King of England, loft all his holds and pof-
feffions in Normandy through the force of the French King.
The Pope had Excommunicated King John, not only for the pari-
cide of his Nephew Arthur , but alfo for the ill ufage of his Clergy.
King ^ij/jj^ fends confiding men in all haft to Pope Innocent IV. be*
feeching him, to proteft him againft the King of France, promifing
thereupon to bind the Realm of England^ and Seigniory of Ireland,
to hold of him and his fuccefTours, and in fign of obedience to pay
him a yearly tribute of a thoufand raarks of filver. Innocent feivis his
Legatprefently toabfolve him, to pafs the contra(fi , and receive the
homages of Fealty, as well of himfelf as of his Subjects. John is ab-
folved, and having laid down his Crown, Scepter, Cloak, Sword and
Ring,
Qent. 13. Of F R A N C E. 103
Ring, at the Legats feet, he doth him homage for the Realm of Eng-
land, killing his Feet as his Tributary, and binds the Englifl? to the like
duty by a folemn Oath. He was willing alfo to difcharge what he had
taken from his Clergy. This was done, ^»«o 12 15.
Then the Legat returning into France, requireth fhilip in the Pope's
name, that he fnould fuffer ^o^w to enjoy his Realm oi England in
peace, and freely to poffefs the Lands which he held by homage of the
Ciownoi France. Moreover that hefliould fatislie the great com-
plaints which the Clergy of his Realm had made againli him,reftoring
that which he had exafted from them during the Wars, upon pain of
Excommunication if he didnotobey prefcntly. P^//?p promiteth to •.
fubmit himfelfi and before the Legat's departure, he frees the
Clergy of his Realm of the Tenths which he had exaded for the
charge of the Wars, according to the decree of a National Council
held at S'oiffons.
King Juhn being freed by the Pope, and prelTed by him to perform
his command , oppreffeth his Subjcds by extraordinary impoiiti-
ons •, and Tyrannical exadlions. The Engliify Nobility there-
fore rejed John , and oifer the Realm to King Thilip , who fendeth
his Son Lewes , giving him a train iit for his perfon in fo great an
exploit.
Lerves having taken Hoftages of the EngUflj, for aflurance of their
Faith, paffeth into E»g/iaW, and fo to London ^ where he is joyfully ]yij(f,,.^yg(j^;i^
received. In the mean time complaints come to Thilip {torn Pope ^-fi^bannoizis.
Innocent , who in a general Council held at Rome, did Ex-
communicate Letves the eldeft Son of fhilip Jiigujha with all his
adherents.
King yo^«dyeth, and the Englijh receive Henry the Son oi John^3.nd.
diCtnlkLeveiefoi France.. 'J- i
Kw^Fhilip inftituted the Provoft of Merchants, and the Sheriffs at
P<7m for the politick Government thereof : hecaufed the City to be
paved, being before' very noifome by reafon of the mire and dirt; he
built the Halls and thtLoimre. He Walled in Bois de Vincennes , and
rcpleni[hed it with Dear and other Wild Beads : he finiflied that
fumptuous building of our Ladies Church. In hisTeftament he or-
dained many notable things : he left towards the winning the City of
Jertifalem III. C- M. pfjunds of Tarii Money i to the Hofpital in
Mountfort, one C. M. pounds i and to bediflrihuted among the poor
Commons of his Land he gave XX. M. pounds. But a pound of
PrfmiMoney was then but two fliillings fix pence /^er/i;;^. King P/ii-
iip 6ycd and was buried with great pomp in the Monaftery of St.
Dennis, Anno \ 2,23. and Lents VIII. his Sonfucceedfidhim , who was
crowned at K^pwf J. ,, ,•,;■•-! 1-
Vo'gc Innocent III. having gathered together an Army of pne hun»
dred
I04 %ljt€ttltM^im^iftOtV Cent. 13.
died thoufand pilgrims, fet forward for the final extirpation of the
pour Albigenjts^ The bcft Champions for the Pope herein were the
Duke of Burgjtndy, the Earls ofNevers, St. P»/e', and killed many thoufands. The Fryars imputed
this Vidory to the Bifhop's Benedidion, and adoring a piece of the ^
Crofs, together with the fervency of the Clergycs prayers, that remain-
ed behind in the Caftle of Moret.
Yet within few years, the face of this War began to alter, for young
Keimund, Earl of iholoufe^ exceeding his Father in valour and fuc-
cefs, fo beftirred himfelf, that in few months ht regained what Earl
Simon was many years in getting. And at laft, Earl Simon befieging
7'holoHfe, with a ftone which a Woman let fly out of an Engine , had
his Head parted from his body : Some conceived, they faw God's fin-
ger in the Womans hand, that becaufe the greater part of his cruelty
lighted on the weaker Sex (for he had buried the Lady La Vaur alive,
refpe<^ing neither her Sex nor Nobility} a Woman was chofen out to
be his Executioner. He dyed even then when the Pope and three
Councils, of Vaur, Lateran, and Montpelier, had pronounced him Son,
Servant, favourite of the Faith, the invincible defender thereof A-
mong other of his ftiles, he was Earl of Leicejier in England, and Fi-
thet to Simon Montfort the Cataline o( this Kingdom, who under pre- See Camden is
tenceof curing this Land of fome grievances, had killed it with his aUbh worcTd-
Phylick, had he not been killed himfelf in the battle of Evefham in the "-O'ire.
Reign of King Hwry the third.
Here ended the ftormof open War againft the Alhigenfes , though
fome great drops fell afterward. And the Pope grew fenfible of ma-
ny mifehicfs in profecuting this people with the Holy War. Three P"'" f-*j*"r
hundred thoufandof thefe ctoifed Pilgrims loft their lives in this ex- ''"' '
pedition within the fpace of fifteen years, fo that there was neither
City, nor Village in FM«cf, but by reafon hereof had Widows and
Orphans, curfing this expedition. The Pope therefore now refolves
upon a privater way, namely to profccute them by way of Inquifition.
The chief promoter of that War was Vominick^tht Authour of the
Order of the Vominicans.
His Mother being with child of him, dreamed , that (he had a dog
vomiting fire in her Womb. This ignivomus Cur (asonecallethhimj ^^^ j^^^^, ^^^
did bark at and deeply bite the poor Alhigenfes; who put above two tr. Wroii. i. 7*
hundred thoufand of them to death.
Almerick^ for his lazinefs was depofed by the Pope , and John Bren
was made King of yfr«/i/f?M. In the beginning of his Reign, this
accident fell out : In Frame a Boy for his years went about finging in
his own Tongue.
K"
ut
io5 5r:!)e eccleftafltcal ^ifto^V cent. 13.
Jefus Lord,repjir our lofs^
"kefiore to liS thj Holy Crofs.
Kun-berkfs Children ran after him, and tollowed the fame tune
• theirCaptain and chanter did fet them.
No bc4ts, no bars, no fear of Fathers, nor love of Mothers could
hold them back, but they would to the Holy Land to work wonders
there, but this merry mufick had a fad clofe, all either perifhing on
Mat'n ParLs Land, Or being drown'd by Sca. A/j?^«p Pi^m faith, it was done by
p. 324. ' theinfiind of theDevil. ■
King Lmv/ VIII. having compounded with Almery , the Son of
5iR«o« Earl of Afo«//ir*, for Lii«^«f Ac, refolves to unite this rich Pro-
vince to the Crown.
To this end he levies a great Army, fortified with cruel Edicts a-
gainftthe/f/^/gw/i'j- as Hereticks,and Rebels. Count Ef)'>»;.'«^ fub-
mits himfelf to Pope Homrim, and yieldeth to Lerves, and perfwades
the Earl of Cominges to the like obedience. Thus both of them a-
bandon the people, and go to Kome^ leaving the poor Albigenjes to the
mercy of Letves^ who prefectly fubdues all Lairgaedoc and Trovence,
TheHoufe cf A^-'w^.V, oneof the greateft in the County of Vivaret^
having followed the Albigffffes party m^kes his peace, by means of the
Town cfy^rr^jfrfce, given to the Eifliop of Firicrr, who enjoyeth it
to this day. . Many Families were made defolate : Thefe poor mifera-
blepeople weredifperfed here and there i and fuch as remained in the
Country were forced to acknowledge the Pope's Authority. Lewes
ordered the Mardial Foj, of the houfe of Mirepois to command his
Forces, leaving the Lord of Beanjen^ for Goveindur and Lieutenant-
Gea€rs.\ o£ La}iguedoc.
• All this mifchief was contrived by the Pope, who had fent his Le-
Fox. Aa.& mo- gat into Fyii/?ce, to fummon a Council at 'Eiture ^ whither the King
BiHiYoi.j. with fix Arch-Eilhops, and the Bilhops and Suffragans of nine Pro-
vinces repaired, to the number of an hundred, befides the Abbots,
Priors, and Prc(ftors of all the Covents ci France. Having difpafch'd
thebuiinefs of Earl Txsym:{}id^zrA tYvt Albigenfes , the event" whereof
hath been before declared •> Row:*;/.^ the Pope's Legate gave leave to
all Proflors of Covents, and Chapters to return hom^, only retaining
with him the Arch-Biih.cps, BiQiops, Abbots, to whom he opened a-
nother part cf his Ccmmiiihon •, which w'as to obtain of every Cathe-
dral Church two Prebend-ftips;, onefor the Bilhop, the Other fcr the
Chapter. Andin Monafteries aHb after the like fort, where the Ab-
bot and Covent had divers and feveral portions, to require two Chur-
ches, ore for theAbbot, the other for the Covent, keeping this pro-
'portioDj that how much Oiould fuffice for the livirg of one. Monk,
fo
Cent. 15. n Of FRANCE. ,107
fo much the whele Covent fliould find for their part, and as much tlie
Abbot for his likewife.
The Clergy of France anfwered, that the thing he enterprized could
not be brought to efFecS without great offence taken, and incftimahle
damage to the Church of Fi'^^MCf. ■. ,
Inconclufion, when the matter 'came to debating with, the Legat,
,the objedions of the inferiour Clergy were thefe following., .
. ■ - ■ ' -
I- They sflledged the great damages and expence'5,w'hic|ithey were i, p -.,
like to fuftain thereby, by reafon of the ccntinua! procurators of' " "'*
the Pope, which in every . Diocefs muft Jive, not .of their own,
but muft be fuftained upon the charges of the Cathredral Churches.
and other Churches alfo j and many times they bejn^.but procurators
will be found as Legats.
2. By that means (they, faid) great perturbations might enfue to
the Covents and Chapters of Cathedral Churches in their eledlions :
Forafmuch as the Pope's Agents and Faifcors, being in every Cathe-
dral Church and Chapter- houfe, perchance the" Pope would command
him inhisperfon to be prefent at their ek6tions, and fo might trouble
the fame by delaying and deferring , till it might fall to the Court
of Kome to give , and fo fl-iould be placed more of the Pope's Clien-
tele in the Chmchcs of Fr<»«i:e. thanof.the proper Inhabitants of the
- • 3. By this means they affirmed, that all they in the Court of Rome^
(hould be richer and receive m.ore for their proportion, than the Kin''
of the Realm: by means whereof the Courtof K.oOTe would delay
and drive off great fuits, and would fcarce take any.pains , with fmall
caufes. Thus would ]uftice be turned afide, and poor fuitors fliould
dye at the gates of Kofne : and for the better fpeeding of their caufes
they thought, feeing it was meet they thould h3v,'e frie'ods in ,the Court
of Reine, by keeping them neecly, their gifts might 'be the ' fvveeter
and their caufesfooner difpatched.
4. Seeing it is impoflible that the FouEtain of greedy defires
(hould be (lopped , it was to be feared , that either they would
do that by others, which tliey were worif "lo doj^yjthem-
felves , or elfe . they fliould be enforced to give greater reward's
than before , for fmall gifts with great Rich Men are little
regarded. •. . , . \ i. .,, ..'
5. whereas the removing away tlie tlarider wasajledge^ which go-
cthonthe Court of Rw»f i by this means rather the contrary wcr?
to be feared, wherein that Tentence |Was ajledged.
X-^: I ^^
I o8 %f^t eccieftaafcai ^ittm Cent. • ^
0'
^"od virtiis red Jit mn eopia fuf[icie»tem,
Et mnpaupertas, fed mentu hiatus egeHtem.
"that great riches Ji op not the taking cfmu-ch, hut a mind' contented
viiJ) a little.
6. They added, that great riches would caufe faftions among tH&
RowiZ^/, and taking of fides and parties, fo that by great poffelGons fe-
dition might follow to theruine of the City.
7. That though they would oblige themfelves to that contributi-
on, yet their SuccefTours would not.be fo bound, nor yet ratifie that
bond of theirs.
8. They defired the Legat, that the zeal of the Oniverfal Church",
and of the Church of 'Rome would move him : for if this opprellicn
of the Church fnould be Univerfal^it were to be doubted , left an Uni-
verfal departing might follow from the Church of Romf, which God
forbid ffaid. they) (hould happen.
The Legat hereat excufed himfelf, that he being in the Court never
agreed to thisexaftion ■■, and that the Letters came not to him before
he was in Fr.i/fce, and as for him he would flir no more in the mat-
ter, before it were proved what other Countries would fay and do
therein.
King Lfn^f/paffing with a great Hoft by Boarges and AWfr/,Tnarch.-
ed to Lyons\ and from Lyons to Avignon^ which for difobedience to the
Church of Kome had'ftood accurfed by the Pope for feven years.
The Citizens of Avignon^ [hut their gates againft the King and his
Army, not fuffering them to com.e within the City^ Wherefore the
King aiTaulted the City, and loft there many of his Men, among which
Gny Earl of St. PiJ«/, and the Biftiopof r(??Kmc^, and others to the
number of two and twenty thoufand there were {lain. In the end
"they fubmitting to the King's pleafure , and the correction of the
Pope, an agreehaent was made i and the King and his Army were
received into the City, and the Citizens received abfolution from the
Pope's Legate.
King Lewes to avoid the peftilence that was in his Camp, went into
an Abbey not far off, where (hortly after, he dyed, and was carried to
t.aris, where he was interred, ^«7a 1226.
Near unto this time , Gulielmiu de Aha Para , BifKop of Tariff
wrote a Book de Clero^ wherein he thus fpeakerh of the Clergy of his
time. No godhnefs or-Learning is feen in them, but rather all devilifh
filthinefs, and monftrous vices i they are not the Church, but Babylon-
and Egypt :^ and Sodom : "the Topi(l} Prelats build not the Church but
deftroy it j they mockGod, and- they and- theix Piiefts do prophane
the.
FSibian's chro-
•ic-
Cent. I J. 0f F R A N C E. 109
thebody of Chrift 5 they lift up to the Heavens with all manner of
Ecckfiaftical honour the limbs of the Devil; in a wor3/f»;, and OZ/t'er Mafter of the Templars, with all
the Clergy absented rhemfelves : neither was there any Mafs fung in
the City, fo long as the Emperourbenig excommunicated remained
tliere. In the Interim, the Chriflians every where build and repair
the Cities of P^/f/me , being now refigned into their hands : Joppa
and Nazireth they ftrongly fortified i the Walls, of Jerufalem were
repaired, the Churches adorned. But (hort were the fmiles of this
City, which groaning under God's old curfe, little joyed her felf in
this her new bravery.
About the year 1232. the Greekj recover their .Empirf from the
Latines, who had made an hard [hift to hold CoHjiantinople alnroft fixty
years under five fucceeding Empcrours. i. Baldwin the firft^ ■ Earl of
Flanders, 2. Hf^ry his Brother. 3. Veter, Count oi Auxerre in
France, Henry''%SovAn-'LaM. 4. Kobert. 5, Baldmnththkh, and
lafr.
At this time the 'tartdrians ovetrrun the North of Afia, and many
Nations fled from their own Countries for fear of them. Among
other, the CMvJfMf/, a fierce and Warlike people, were forced to for-
fake their Land* ,:, .I'.-a'I^
Being thus unkennelled, they have recourfe to the Sultan of Baby.
Ion, who betlovvs on them all ihe Lands the Chriflians held in Talefline.
They mzrchto \fer7ifalem, and take it without refinance. Soon after
the Cor-apnes elated herewith, fell out with the Sidtanh\vC\kM j who in
anger rooted out their Nation, fo that none remained.
The French-men make War againft 2vejw?/«^, Earl of Tholoufi, and
think to enclole him in I.iis Caflleof Saracene: but the Earl lying in
Ambuflifor th«m in Woods , flew many of them , and 500 of the
French Souldicrs were taken j and of their Servitors to the number
of 200 men in atrroiHT were taken , of whom fome loft their eyes,
fome their ears, iome their legs, and fo were fent home : the reft were
carried away Prifoners into the Caftlg, ^Thrice that Sufljmer were
the
Cent.t3. Of FRANCE. iii
the French-men difcoi3:ifited by the aforefaid Key mund.
King Leives puts a ftop to the perfecution of the Aibigenfes^ faying,
that they muft perfwade them by reafon, and not conftrain them by
force, whereby many Families were preferved in thofe Provinces.
■ In thofe times lived Gitlielinm de fan&o amore, a Dod:or of Taris^
and Chanon of Beakvgif, exclaiming againft the abufes of the Church
of Kome. He wrote againft the Fryars and their hypocrifie, but efpe-
cially againft the begging Fryars.
In his days there was a moft deteftabTe and blafphemous book fet
forth by the' Fryars, which they cilled, Evangelium JEterniiin^ or E-
vaHgeliKm fpiritks fanUn :1he Everlalimg Gofpel, or, 7 he Gofp'el of the-
Floly Ghoji. wherein it.is (aid, That the Gofpel of Chrift was not to
be compared to it, no more than darkncfs to light. That the Gofpel
of Chrift fliould be preached but fifty years, and then this everlafting
Gofpel fhould rule the Chiarch.
He mightily impugned this peftiferous Book. He was by the Pope p^ j^^ ^^g,
condenincd' for an Heretick, exiled, and his Books were burnt. His Monum, p. ^.wi
ftory and Arguments may beread in Mr. Fc.-^his hrft "Volumn. Pope *'' *'^"
Alexander 2i'cmtA. 'Ibflmas Aqit'iHM^ and Bonaventure ( men of violent
fpirits) againft him, but he was too' hard forthefe reprovers : his fol«
lowers were called Amorxi.'
Pope Gregory fucceedeth Innocent^ and is a great Enemy to Frederick^:
theEmperour, whohad entred ^f^(y with a great Army, After his
Eledion he fends his Nuncio into France, to exhort Lemes to fuccour
him. The Pope comes into France^ and calls a Council at Lyons^.
•whither he cites Frederick^ , but yet upon fo fliort a warning as he:,
could not appear.. Fredsrick^(\\^w\n^ fent his AmbafTadours to re-
quire a lawful time, and to advertifethe Pope of his comingj begins^
his Journey to perform his promife. Being arrived at 'Thnrin , he
hath intelligence given him, that the Pope had condemned him a^-
Contitmax, excommunicated him, and degraded him of the Empire.^
But this was not without the confent of the Princes Eledors of the:
Empire, who after mature deliberation proceeded to anew Eledion,*
They chufe Henry Landgrave of 'Ihuring for Emperour j but he belic"
ging the City of 'Z/'/jwe/, wasweunded with an Arrow whereof he
dyed ftiorily after. .. ^
Frederick^ Writes to the French King, againft the fentence againft him
at Lygns^
Then the Electors chofe ifilUam^ Earl of Holland for Emperour,.
In all rlic cliicf Cities, the Guelph's Fadion was the ftronger,. through-
the Authority of the Council of Lyons. Frederick^ ov.cr-preffed with
grief, dyeth, leaving T/j/j) and Gfrwizwy in great combuftion.
The Pop having Canonized Edmond Arch-Bifhop of Camerhury
foon afca *>;(i«c»!», Qtieen Regent oi France^ came into 'England to
WOE-
1 1 2 XDe ectitUaHitai ^iHoi^ Cent. 13.
worfhipthat Saint, reprefenting to him, that he had found refuge for
his Exile in France, and befeeching him not to be ungrateful. She
faid, my Lord, moft Holy Father, confirm the Kingdom of Frdnce
in a peaceable folidity, and remember what \»e have done to thee.
Now Lefver IX. came to affiftthe Chriftians in Falejline. His no-
bility difwaded from that defign. Lewes takes up the Grofs, and
voweth to eat no Bread, until he was recognized with the Pilgrim's
Badge. Their went along with him, his two Brothers, Charles Earl
of JnjoUj Robert Earl of Artois i his own Qi?een, and their Ladies,
Odo the Pope's Legat, Hugh Duke of BurgMndy, WiUiam'Eix] ofFlan^
ders,.Hugh Earl of St,P<2a/,and William Longs^atb Earl of SarUhury,
with a band of valiant EngUJh-men.
The Pope gave to this King Lerpes for his charges, the tenth of the
Clergy'srevenues through Fra«« for three years , and the King em-
ployed the Pope's Colledors to gather it ; whereupon the Eftates of
the Clergy were (haven as bare as their crowns i and a poor Prieft,who
had but twenty (hillings annual penfion, was forced to pay two yearly
to the King. Having at Lyons took his leave of the Pope, and a blef-
£ng from him, he marched toward Avignon •■, Where fome of the city
wronged his Souldiers, efpecially with foul Language.
His Nobles defired him to befiege the city , the rather , becaufe it
was fufpeded, that therein his Father was poifoncd. To whom Lfa?? j
moft chriftianly faid_, I come not out of France to revenge mine own
quarrels, or thofe of my Father, or Mother, but injuries offered to Je»
fus Chrifi. Hence he went without delay to his Navy, and fo es fent many of the weakeft of the peo-
ple down the River to Vamiata, Melechfala King of Egypt, meeting
them by the way, either burned or drowned them all , fave one Ewg-
lijh'man, Alexander Giffard(who{c antient Family flouriflieth to this
day at Chellington in Staffard-jhtre) who wounded in five places of his
body, cfcaped to the French , and reported what had happened to the
reft. Melechfala came upon the reft with an infinite multitude, and
put them all fbeing few and feeble) to the Sword, taking King Leives ^
with his two Brethren, /4//'^oM/e and CW/f J- prifoners. Then was
there a general Lamentation over all Chriftendom, chiefly in France^
where all were forrowful. .,
Melechfala is flain by 'targueminas, a fturdy Mammaluke , who fuc-
cceded him in the Egyptian Kingdom. Lerves at laft was reftored to
his Liberty upon condition, that the Chriftians fliould furrendcr Va-
miata, and healfo pay back to the T^url^s many thoufand pounds, both
for ranfom of Chriftian Captives, and in fatisfa(3:ion of the vaftations
they had committed in Egypt.
Lewes for the fecurity of this Money pawned to the 'turh^, the
Pyx and Hoft f that is the body of Chrift Tranfubftantiated in the Eu-
chariftj as his chiefeft Jewel , which he fl^ould be mcft careful to re- Du. Serres Hift.
deem- Hence in perpetual memory of this conqueft, we may fee a '" '''"^•*'
Wafer-cake and a box, always wrought in the borders of that Tape-
flry which is brought out of Egypt.
Hence Leives failed to ftolemaU, being forfaken of the Pope,Fricnds,
Subjeds, Brothers. Alphonfe and Charles, though fent into France to
folicite his fult, and to advance his ranfom withfpeed, yet being arri-
ved forgot the afflidion of Jofeph. Blanch , the King's Mother, ha-
ving gathered a confiderable fum of money, and ftiipped it for Fakjiine,
aTempeftin a moment caft that away, which her care and thrift was
many months in getting. His Queen Margaret was with him, which
fomewhatjmitigated nis grief. Here flie bore him a child , which be-
caufe another Benoni, or (on of forrow, was called Tf-Z/iMw.
King Lfwf/ being an excellent Antiquary, and Critick on facrcd
Ol Mo-
6^8.
114 X'^t €CClefiafttCali^tftO?V cent. 13.
f '■ ■ ■,.■,.,.- — — ' ^^ — • — .
Monuments, much emplnyedhimfelf in redeeming of old Tacred pla-
ces from the tyranny of Time and Oblivion.
Mean- time, in his Kingdom o( France^ hapned this ftrange accident.
An Hungarian feziint, who is faid to be an Apoftate to Mahomet, and
well learned, gathered together many thoufands of people, pretending
they had intelligence from Heaven to march to the Holy Land. Thefc
took on them the name and habit of Pa(^orelli, poor Shepherds, in i-
mitation be like, of thofe in the Gofpel, who were warned by Angels-
in a Vifion to go to Bethlehem.
Being to (hape their courfe into Faleftine , they went into France.
Magdeb. Ce«f. They pillaged and killed the poor Jem as they went. But at laft-
i3.ca iis. Col. near ]5We^«x fixtythoufand of "them were flain, and the reft difper--
fed. A Rhimer of that Age made this Epitaph on them.
M. Jemel, & h'n C. L. I. Conjuitger-e difce^
Vnxit Pajiortim fxva Megara. Chorum,
Leant tg put together well.
What MC C L 1. do fpel
When feme Vevilil}) Fiend in France,
Vidteach the Shepherds horvto dance.
Anno 1254. Lerves returneth into France,hz\x\^ loaden with Debts
to\\\sItalian Creditors. He made an ordinance for the banifliment
of common whores out of all Cities and Towns, to be done by his
^ Judges and Officers, and their goods to be feized by them.
Afterfourteen years Interregnum Vo^e Vrhan IV. appointed Charley
Duke of Anpni^ younger Brother to King Lewes of France s King of
Sicily 2nd Jemfalem. Charles fubdued Maufrid , and Conradin his
Nephew, and pofTefTed Sicily, but for.the gaining oi Jerufalem, he ne-
ver regarded it, n6r came thither at all, Hugh King oi Cyprus, was^
crowned King of Jerufalem.
In the Year 1253. was great contention between the Matters of
Sorbonin Paris, and the preaching Fryars , v-jho were fo increafed in
number and honour, becoming the ConfeiTors and counfellors of King?,,
that they would not be fubjed unto the former Laws and Cuftoms,
The School^men convened, and were content to want fomewhat of'
their weekly portion to fatijfie the Court of Kome , from which the
Fryars had obtained their priviledges.
About this time or a little- before, arofe a ftrife between the gray
Fryars, and Prelates, and Dodors of Paris , aljput nine conclufions,
condemned of the Prelates to be &f oneousi
I* Coi>-
Cent. 13. Of FRANCE. 115
1. Concerning- the divine effence , that it cannot be (een of the "*
Angels or men glorified.
2. Concerning the EfTence of the Holy Ghoft.
3. Touching the proceeding of the Holy Ghoft, as he is love.
4. whether men glorified thall be in cdo empyreo : or , in cxh
Chryjtallino.
5. That the evil Angel at his firft Creation was evil, and never
good.
6. That there have been many verities from the beginning , which
were not of God.
7. That an Angel in one inftant may be in divers places.
8. That the evil Angel never had whereby he might ftand j no
more had Jdam in his liate of Innocence.
J). That he which hath more perfed ftrength of nature working in
him, (hall have more full meafure of neceflity to obtain Grace and
Glsfy. To which Articles the Prelates anfwering, did excommuni-
cate the fame as erroneous.
The Abbot of St. Dmx having extorted great fums of Money
out of his Abbey, to prefent unto the Pope as others did, m hopes Math. Paris;
one day to be made an Arch-Bifnop, King Lenses, as Patron of
that Abbey , compelled him to re-pay the faid fum out of his
own purfe.
Whilft this King was gone to the Holy War, the Nobles of France^
finding themfelves vexed by the Pope, made a- league , and fet forth
a Declaration, againft him, where they fay Camong other things ) that
the Clergy (pointing at the Pope) fwallow up and fruftrate'theju-
rifdiftion of Secular princes , fo as by their Laws , the children of
flaves, pafs judgement upon Free-men and (heir children , whereas by
the fccular Laws of our Kings and Princes, they ought rather to be
judged by us.
Another piece of their Declaration runs in this manner. All we,
the prime Men of the Kingdom, perceiving out of our deep judge- MathS^rfs h;'ik
menti That the Kingdom was not got by Law written, nor by the ^i"f|,',{v^t|,.f.
Ambition of Clergy-men, but by the fweat of War, do Enadt and
Ordain by this prefent Decree, and by joynt- Oath, that no Clerk nor
Lay-iTian (hall fue one another before the Ordinary, or Ecclefiaftical
Judge, unlefs it be in cafe of Herelie, Marriages, and Ufury, upon pain
of confifcatingall theirgoods, and thelofsof a, limb to the tranf-
grefTors thereof-, for which, certain Executioners (liall be appointed,
that fo our jurisdiction being refufcitatcd may revive again : and
thofe who have enriched themfclves by our poverty famong whom
God for their pride hath raifcd up prophane contentions^ may be redu-
ced to the State of the primitive Church ■■, and living in contcmpla-
0^2 tion
1 1 6 %f^t cccieftafttcai ^ittcnv Cem. 13.
tion may (hew us thofe miracles, which are fled out of the World
long ago j and we in the mean time lead an adive life as it is fittings
The Hiftorian adds, the Pope having heard thefe things, fighed with a •
troubled mind, afld defiring to appeafe their hearts , and break their
courage, after he had admoniihed them, he frighted them with threats
but he did no good for all that.
^(10. Fullers ho. fhe Chriftiaos were now plagued with Bendocdar^ the Manimaluke
y w« »• Prince in Ec^ypt^ who fucceeded Melechem, and every where raging a-
gainft them, either killed or forced them to forfwear their Religion.
The City of Joppa he took, and burnt, and then won Antioch^ flaying
therein twenty thoufand, and carrying away captive an hundred
thoufand Chriftians. Thefe woful tidings brought into 'Europe^
fo wrought on the good difpofition of Lewes King of France^
that herefolved to make a fecpnd Voyage into Vale^ine to fuccour the
Chriftians..
And to that end he provideth his Navy , and is accompanied with
fhilip and Tri/fj-ii/M his Sons , 7begbald King of Navan , his Son-in-
Law, Alphonfe his Brother, and Guido Earl of f landers : there went,
alfo "Edivard^ eldeft Soh to Henry HI. King of Ens,lafid.
Lewes havingnow hoifed upfail^ it was concluded ,. that to fecure
and clear the Chr-iftisnspalTage to P«/e/fi«f from Pirates, they fliould
firfl take the City of Carthage in Africa by the way..
This Cjrt/jiige long wreR led with Howe for the Soveraignty , till
S^sipio crufhed out her bowels with one deadly fall. Yet long after
the City (tood, before utterly demo!i(hed : at laft by the counfel of
Gato'M was quite dcfttoyfcd, it being within a days Sail from Kome.
Out of the ruines of this famous City, 'tnnis arofe, which was not thea
GOnfiderable in bignels, great only in mifchief, being feated betwixt
Europe ^ Afia, and Africa^ and fo became a worfe annoyance ta
Chriltian Traffick , than, a whole Countrey of Saracens elfe-
where,
The fiege of l^Hnis being begun, the Plague feized on the Chridian
Bift^*''f^°r^^ Army, whereof thoufands dyed, among others Tr;/irtfK«, King Lewei
iE.4.3,^^ - ■ '• • j^jg gpj^ . ^j^^ j^g himfelf of a Flux followed after. Many good Laws
he made for his Kingdom : that not the worft , He fiift retrenched
his Barons power to fufFer parties to try their Titles to Land by duels.
He feverely punirtved Blafphemers, fearing their Lips with'an hot Iron-
And bu'caufe by his command it was executed upon a rich Citizen of
~ r.arij-, fome faid he was a Tyjfant, He hearing it, faid before many,!
ivould to God that with fearingmy own Lips, I could banijh out of my,
Kealm all abitfes of Oaths. He loved more to hear Sermons than to
be at Mafs, yet was he fomewhat faperftitious ,, as appeareth by feme
Inftances,
for about the year 1,24.0. B*!/^^*^/?! keeping hy force the.Empise of
Cent. 13- Of FRANCE. 117
Conliantinople, which the French^ and other pilgrims of Syria had fur-
prized, and held it by right of conveniency, being in great want of
Money, writ to King LeiveslX. that the Holy Crown of .Thorns of
our Saviour was found, and if he would help him with a fum of
Money, he would fend it to him. This King being of eafie belief trea-
ted with the faid Emperour for a great fum- of Money, and bought
that crown, which was put in the holy Chappel of Faris with great
folemnity.
Shortly after the rf««/ii«T having bought apiece of the true croCs-
(as they faid ) for two thoufand and five hundred pounds, fold it again
to the fame King Lewes for double the price. The King himfelf carr
ried it bare- headed and bare- foot to our Lady of Paris: and the Pope
gave to it fourty days of pardon.
His body was carried into France there to be buried , and was moft
miferably tofled. He was Sainted after his Death by Pope Boniface
VlII,and the2 5t^. day of ^«gK/f (on which day in his firft Voy-
age to PaleiUne he went on Ship board 3 is confecrated to his Me-
mory, 7u)tis was furrendred on conditions > the French return
home , whjift Prince Edrvard valiantly fetteth forward for P^f
hjiine.
P/b/7//» the third, called the bold, or the Hardy, fucceedeth to the
Kingdom of France. At the return of Philip^Queen Jfabel his Wife AnnoUTrs-
dies in Sicily. And his Unckle Alfhonfe with his Wife the Countefs
of 'tholoufe^ dye foon after at Bologne, without any children , fo as ac-
cording to the contrad of the Marriage, the Earldom ci 7holonfe^
Qiould be incorporate to the Crown.
B-ichard Son to Henry King of England^ is traiteroufly flain by Guy
of Montfort^xho. Sonot Simon (oivihom we have fpokcn) walking in
St. Laurences Church at Viterbo^ a City of the Pope's.
Pope Clement IV. (born in Languedoc) being dead, the Cardinals dif-
agree about the Eledion of anew Pope, and continued in this conten*
tion two years, nine months, and one day, as P/a//«i7reporteth.
Thecaufes of fo Ions a difTention are varioully reported by feveral „ ^^ „.^
Hiltoriographers. But thechiet wereasroliow. part}.Ub.i>
The firft and moft forcible of all, was the contrariety in the Na-
tures of the Cardinals which were prefent at; the Election at Viterbo^
who were eighteen in number i all obftinate and untradtable , and
had fworn each of them, never to yeiid to his companion in the.
leaft.
All of them believed themfelves worthy of the Papacy , and every.
one negotiated for himfelf, without fpeaking a word of other preten-
ders, fo that it was not poilible among eighteen feveral competitors, to •
cometoany refolution. But that impediment being removed, in
which, the Cardinals continued obftiBate for above ten Montlis, there
arofe.
1 1 B %!^t eccieftagtca! !^tflo?v cen t. 13.
arofe another Which lafted above a year, and was the fecond cccafTon
of the tedicufnefs of theEledlion, and that is, that the Cardinals
were divided into two Fadions, one of them Italians the other Fr«!glijh. He calicd four Bidiops from Germany , four from.
Ewg/ijW, four from France, two from Sp-ain: horn Sicily., from the
King but if they were
ia Kome, the Eledors met, either in tHfe Church of St. John Lateraa,
or of St. Peter^ or in feme ofher place as occafion offered : if they
"were out of Kome, they met m the Cathedral of the place where they
were, or in feme other Church more convenient. But the Electors
«ift.oFc*rdiiials "lany times regarded not expedition in their Eledions of the Pope,
part 3. lib. i. whilft they had liberty to command, to go and ccrie as they thought
fit, therefore the invention of the conclave by Gregory , was rationally
thought very good and neceffary.
There were likewife eftablithed by the faid Gregory, feveral Laws
and Orders for the conclave, which were afterwards by feveral Popes
reduced into better form, till that in procefs of time they were redu-
ced into that which I (hall infert in this place.
"The principal Lawt rehieh are tonally ebferved in the
Creation- of th£ Pope.
1. That the ElecSiion be made in a proper and convenient place,
and ordinarily there where the laft Pope dyed. If that cannot com-
modioufly be done, let it be made in that City, to whqfe jurisdiction
that place doth belong, provided it be not under interdidiion : for in
that cafe they are to chufe another City in the fame Diocefs, or at leaft
■not far off, &c.
2. That after the death of the Pope, there fhall bene difcourfe of
the Eledionof a Succeirour,tillten daysbepaft, in which time the
abfent Cardinals are to be expe(ftedi and the nine days obfequies for the
deceafed Pope be celebrated with due refped', by all the Cardinals that
are prefent in the place.
3. That no abfent Cardinal (hall fend his Vote in any manner what-
foever : by which it is intended, they (hall be deprived of their Voice
as often as they are abfent from the Eleition,
4. That the nine days ceremony for the death of the Pope being
over, the Mafs Delia Spirits fanto folemnly faid , and the prayer de
eligendo Ponttfice recited, let all the Cardinals which are prefent in the
palace, which (hall be called, *^ff Conclave,, (which is to be in afecure
place, clofe in all parts, and well guarded) be (hut in, with two or
three fervants only, for their necelikics. Let it not be lawful for
any to enter after the conclave is (hut up, nor for any to come forth,
except in the cafe of infirmity. And if any be oblig'^d to go in or
out, let it be by confcnt of the whole CoUedge. Nor is this conclave
to have any Wall or partition , to diftingui(h one chamber from
another : biit let there be certain traverfes of Linnen or cloath,
' V. who fucceeded him,
being created in Kome, with all the formalites of the conclave, revo-
ked the order eftabliihed by Gregory, concerning the affairs of the con-
clave, thougli in due form it had the approbation of a general Council.
Divers other fuccceding Popes were all created according to the order
obferved before the time of Gregory X.
King Philip tlie third dyeth, having reigned fifteen years, and lived
forty, of his tirft Wife J/aM , he had Philip and Charles remaining.
P^///;», his elded Son was King of France after him. Charles was
^ari of Valoifij of AUnfon ■■, and of Perche , Father to that Philip
R 2 of
U4 s:ge cccleftadtcal i^i(lo?p Cent. 13;
-SE- — '
of Falois, who in his courfe fl\all fucceed to the Crowns
Fryar John of Paris, a Dodor in Divinity, of the Order of pre-
dicants, wrote about the year 1 280.
Jbann. Paris in In hfs Tradl of the Royal and Papal power,- he faith, I am of opinl-
RegU&p^au'* "'°"' *^^^ ^"^"'^ '^^^'^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^ medmm. here, namely, that it is
in pro. aot utterly impoffible, that Clergy-men have Dominion and jurisdicfti*
on in Temporal matters i but yet it belongs not unto them by reafoa
of their profellion, and as Chrifl's Vicars,4nd the Apoftles fucceflbrs,
but is convenient for them to have it by the grant and permiffion of
Princes, if fo be they have beftowed it upon them out of devotion, or
if they have got it by other means. And in the eighth Chapter he
fets down this conclufion..
whence it appears^, that feeing Chrift as Man, had no power nor
jurifdidion in Temporal matters, the Prieft ( be what he will)' hath
not received any power over them from Chrift > inasmuch as he did'
not give unto them what he had not in himfelf.
fhilip the fair, now King of France was advifed by the Princes and*
-'Frettch Barons, not to fuffer the Pope to make any Ordinances belong-
r'dVjPi' *[" i"g "nto his Kingdom, without the Council of him and his, nor any
berterdei egiife "ew and unwonted thing to be brought in thither. So faith Mr. John
Gaiiicinep. 5. dit-.TiUet in his advice concerning the Liberties of the Gahcan Church.
And it is the very counfel which Eude,K Duke of Burgundy gave him^
which is yet to be feen in the Treafury of Chartres.
This King loved Juftice and Learning, wherein he was well in-
firudted for that Age. His Wife Joan builded in her name that good-
' ly Colledge of Navirr..
Teter Moronezn Hermit, was chofen Pope , and afTumed the name
of Celefiine. V. a Pope little pradifed in politick or Ecclefiaftick
affairs.
The Cardinals in (hort time (by reafon of the many errours that he
fell into by his infufficiency for the Popedom) made fevcr-al Inftances to
him, that he would i'pontaneoufly be pleafed to renounce the Papacy,
and not expofe the Church to fc many perils.
Hereunto they were ftirred up by the inftigation oiBenedetto Gaeta-
no (who was afterwards Boniface VIII.J Who was a Cardinal of great
Learningand Experience, but fo extreamly ambitious of the Papacy.,
tjiat heleftnoStoneunturn'd tocompafs his defigns. And becaufe
he favv he might eaiily bring it about, if Ce/fjfmf would renounce, he
perfwaded Celejiine to refign, laying it to him as a fcruple of confci-
ence, telling him, that at the dayof Judgement it would be imputed
tohim, if any ill did happen to the Church. GaetanoYiktwi^t fuborn-
ed fome of Celejihie^s friends, to make an hole , correfponding with
that part of the chamber iri which the Pope's bed flood , from whence
thej^ cryed all night long with a.molidifmaJ voice ,.as. if it had been
the.
Cent. T 3- Of FRANCE. 125
the Judgement of Heaven , Celejiine^ Celefiiite, lay down the Topedom
for it is a charge tBO great for your abilities. Cf/e/fi«f hereupon re-
figneth the Papacy in the fixth Month after his creation, and returned
to the Cell from whence he came.
The fame day in which Ce/e/fi«e renounced, the Cardinals without
the form of the conclave, chofe the faid Gaetan with open Votes. He
being declared Pope, and having aflumed the name of Boniface VIII.
began his Reign with fo much infolence and Tyranny, that in a (hort
time he gain'd the Title of Nero II.
A great AiTembly meet in the City of Gramont^Anno i2$6. where
Adolph t\\t'E.i[WY>^\o\M^Edtvard¥J\x\^oi England^iho. Duke of Attflria,
Ji)hn Dlike of Brabant^ the Earl of Jatiers, and his Son v John Earl of
Holland znd Henuault ^Robert Earl of Never s ^ William-, Henry , and
Guy of Flanders , unanimoully refolve to make War againft King -
Fhilip. The colour was to maintain Guy Earl of Flanders , unjuftly
afflidted by Thilip,who had violently taken and ftoll'n away his Daugh-
ter, and detained her againft the right of Nations, refufing to reftore
her to har Father, It was decreed, that C«y fhould begin by force,
and be well feconded by the Emperour, and the EngUJlj.
But before they come to Arms, Pope Boniface, fliould make the firft
point by the luftre of his Authority. This Pope commandeth Thilip
by his Nuncio to reftore to the Englijh and Flemmings what they de*,
manded,andfor not obeying, he cites him to app^ear ^x. Rome upon
pain of Excommunication. ?bilip fends an honourable Embaffage
to Rome, by the Arch-Bi(hop of Rhemes, and the Earl of St. Paul to
lay open his right againft the Deputies of the King of England, and
the Earl of Flanders, who were then at Rome to complain , as being-
wronged.
All parties being heard , Boniface dccreeth , that Thilip (hould'
yield unto Edward, and to Gwy all they demanded both in Guienne
and Flanders , charging the Arch-Bl(hop of Rhemes , to fignifie
this Bull unto the King upon pain of Excommunication for not'
obeying.
P^i///> being undaunted, prepares to defend himfelf, invades F/^xa*
derszr\A defeats the Flemmings, {(.'ntx\\ upon all Flanders,zr]d the Earl
of F/<»«^fr/ is forfaken by his confederates. Guy with his children'
and followers are imprifoned in fundry places in France under fure
guards. Philip g^euing Flanders, and uniting it to the Crown of
France. He comes to Gaunt, where he is received as their So-
veraign , appointing James of ChajiiUm Lord of Leufe , and
Gonde, for Governour and Lieutenant-Gericral , and fo returneth
to PariSi
The people of F/ilip feeing
his Errour , raifeth another Army of 40000 men , and puts them
under the command of Kobert,Eir\ of Artois , accompanied wkh
the Conflable of France, and many other great Perfonages._
Century XIV.
THe Armies foiementioned meet near unto the Town of Court-
ray^ in a place called Groeming. The French were defeated.
Of this great Army there hardly efcaped three hundred:
not one Commander efcaped , and very few Noble-men.
There were taken Kdhert Earl of Jrtoif , General of the Army , the
Conftable of France , James of Chaftillon , Governour of Flanders^
John King of Majorca, Godfrey of Brabant^ and his Son the Lord of
Viezon, the Earls of Ea>e, la March ^ Vamartin, Anmale, Ange, l!ank^r~
ville^ and many other great Perfonages. Twelve hundred Gentlemen
were flain by this enraged Multitude. All Flanders now revolted
from the Fre^c/^. This happened in the Year, 1302. on July ir.
John of Namoiir is their Governour in the abfence of their impri-
soned Earl.
All the threats of the King of England^ and the Emperour now va-
nifhcd away : only Pope Boniface had Excommunicated King Thilip^
and interdicted hisRealminthe hotteft of thefe Hf/Mw;/&affairs,upon
this occafion.
The Chriftians Eftafe was lamentable in the Ea(? , the 'tartariam
encreafed daily. ThePopf, Anno 1301. fent Boniface BiQiop of Apa-
OTfiZ unto King Philip, requiring him to go into the Holy Land. When
theBifhop faw no appearance of obedience, he threatned the King,
that the Pope would deprive him of his Kingdom.
whereupon the Bifliop being charged of Arrogancy and Tieafon,
and
Cent.i4. Of FRANCE. iij
— I ' ■---■■-■■I ■ -.. ^^^— — ^^— ^^■^^^i* .
and caft into Prifon, the Pope fends to him again one Teter , a Koman -
born fArch Bifhop of Narbon) commani'wg him to fet the Bi(hop
at liberty, and to take a Voyage againfl: thclnfidels, and not to med-
dle with the Tenths of the Clergy. Philift iuCwcxed , his troubles at
home hindred him from going into theE«/f, and conftrained him to
impofe a Subfidy upon the Clergy ; and he was willing to difmifs the
Bifhop.
The Arch- Bifliop replyed, that he was ignorant of the Pope's Au-
thority, who was not only the Father of Chriftian Souls, but alfoSc-
veraign Lord in Temporal things.
And therefore by that Authority he did excommunicate him , de-
claring him unworthy to reign, and his Realm forfeited to the Pope,
to invert whom he pleafed.
Moreover, he brought another Bull diredted to the Prelates and No-
blemen of Fr^jw?, whereby he acquitted all Frpw/'-wftt, and difpen-
fed with them as to their Oath of Allegiance to Thilip. And cited all"
the Prelates and Divines of the French Church to appear before hiim at
E.owe,difanullingall indulgences and priviledges granted to the Freuoh
by any Popes his predeceflburs.
The Earl of Artois difdaining this affront, takes the Bull and carts it -
into the fire. Thilip was fo born out by the Peers of France^ that
when he demanded their advice, how he fhould demean himfelf, andi
whether he (hould put up that wrong \ they anfwered. That they-
were ready not only to fpend their goods (which they there wholly
offered unto him for that end,) but alfo to expofe their perfons cvett'.
to death for him, not refufing any torments. Adding further , and
that more plainly by word of mouth, That if the Ring ( which God
forbidj would fuffer it,or connive at it, yet for their parts they would'
never endure it.
Mr. jfo/^aT///f*Birtiop of Piimfpeakingof this Faftin his French- .
Chronicle, The impudence of this man (faith he of Boniface) was
wonderful, who durft affirm, that the Realm of France was a Benefice
of the Papal Majerty. But I think them (faith he; the greater fools-
who difpute the point, whether the Pope hath this power or no : he
put our Frjwe under an Interdid for the time, but the Bifhops took
the King's part.
King ihilip appealed from the ufurpations and infolencies of Bs«/-^
face VIII. to the See Apoftolick then vacant (as he faidj and to a fu-
ture Council as P/.«i«i» faith in his Life. The States of France difa- piatinain Bcoei-
nulled B««»/dcf 's excommunication. B»nifacehy a glofing Letter of fac.8.
his written unto the Bi(hops,endeavoureth to make them approve his
unjuft proceedings agaiurt King P^////> : where he faith among other
things-, Thofe who hold that Temporal matters are not fubjed to
fpiritual, do not ihcy go about to make, two Princes? He- complains
128 Xljeeccieftaaicaii^iftoj^ Cent. 14.
alfo of the Parliament holden at Paris^ where it was enaded ffaith he)
by under-hand and begged voices, that none {hould appear before him
upon the fummons of the See Apoftolick ?
iw«h. Weftm.' He complalns alfo of the Report which was made to that Affembly
ir 2. fub, Ann. -by jy4r. Peter Flotte^ whom he calleth Belial , half blind in body , and-
:quite in underftanding. This was the man, who being fent in Embaf-
fage to him by King Fhilip^ to that faying of his , [rve have both the
me porper and the other"] made this reply in behalf of his Mafter,_yo«ri-
■is verbal, but ours is real.
This Pope will have it neceiTary to falvation, to believe that all the
•faithful people of Chrift are fubjed to the Pope of Rome : and that
■ lie hath both the fwords, and that he judgeth all men, and is judged
of none. This Boniface wa§ the Authour of the fixth book of the
-Decretals.
King Philip {ends back the Pope's two Nuncio's to Kome , and for-
ijids the Prelates of France to go, or fend any Money to Kome. This
being>done, Philip raifeth newTorces, to return into Flanders, and fub-
; dueth the Flemmings, but by the inftance of John Duke of Brabant^ he
'" makes peace with them upon ftrid conditions. During this Treaty
Ouy Earl of Flanders, and his Daughter do both dye. Robert, Willi-
am, and Guy, Brethren, the Sons of the Earl Ctty of Flanders were
iireed with all the Prifoners. Ifabel the Daughter of Philip is married
to Edfvardtbe fecond, King of England.
This War of Flanders had wafted above three hundred thou-
fand French men in eleven years, during the which it continued.
Adolph was depofed from the Empire by a Decree of the Electors,
and Albert oi Aujlria was feated in his place, whopurfuing him
with War, flew him with his own hand in an encounter near unto
Spire.
Albert being chofen and inftalled Emperour , Boniface prefently
feeks to win him againftKingP/;///^. He proclaims him Emperour,
andinvefts him King of the Realm of France , giving him both the
« Title and Arms, and taking occafion to fow divifion in the
heart of the Realm by means of the Clergy, who by reafon of their
Revenues had great power in the State. He alfo wrote Letters to
Philip m this manner.
Boniface Bifhop, Servant of the Servants of God , to Philip King of
French-men. Fear God, and obferve his Commandmens. We If ill
theetoundcrfiand, that thou art fub')eU ttnteus both in Spiritual things,
and in Temporal ■■, and that it belongeth not to Iheeto give any Prebend
or Benefice. If thou haji the keeping of any of them being vacant ,. thou
muji referve the profits of them to the Succe^ours, If "thou ha(l given
any^ tve judge thy gift to he void, and do revoke all that hath been done.
And
Cent. 14. Of F R A N C E. 139
And rvhofoever believeth othertvife ^ We judge them Heretkki. Given
at LateraH, the fourth of the Nonef of Veeember^ in the fixth year of
our Popedom.
Unto this Letter of the Pope, King P^i/ip makes Arifvver
in manner as foUoweth.
Thilip^by the Grace of God^ King c/ France, to Boniface, calling
himjelf the Soveraign Bifhsp , little or m health. Let thy foolijhttefs
\iiorv, that in 'Temporal things we are fuh'jeU to no Man , and that the
• Ciftt of Frebendi and Benefices made^ and to he made by Vs , ivere and
(^faU be good, both in time paf} and to come : and that We if ill defend
manfully the poffejfuur of the faid Benefices, andlVe think^ them that be-
lifve or thinks othermfe, fools and mad-men. Given at VarU the Wed'
nefday nfiet Candlemof, Anno I ^01,
After thefe and other Writings had pafTed to and fro , between the
French King and the Pope, within a year and an half after , the King
fummoneth a Parliament, fending down his Letters to his Sheriffs and
other Officers, to fummon the Prelates and Barons of the Realm unto
thefaid Court of Parliament according to the Tenour of the King's
Letters Patents.
Ther\ William Nagaretta, Knight and profeffour of the Laws, made yid. fox Aflft
a large Declaration and appeal againll Pope Boniface VIII. at Taris be- Monum.Tom.u
fore the King and his Council. P'*^*'
He taxeth Boniface to bean Intruder into the Papacy, that entring
not in at the door, he is to be judged a Thief and a Robber. H«Je-
clares him to be guilty of many Herefies, and to be an horrible Simo-
niack. He chargeth him with curling and blafphemy,a blood-thirfly
man, a deftroyer of the Churches, one that is very greedy after gold,
and rooted in all fins, that he is the Abomination of T>ej elation, At'
fcribed by Daniel the Prophet.
Then he thus fpeaks to King Thilip, I hefeech you,my Lord and King,
that you would declare thus much to the Prelates , Voders , People and
Frinces, your Brethren in Chrtji, and chiefly to the Cardinals and all Pre-
lates, and call a Council. In the which, when the aforefaid Boniface it
condemned by the worthy Cardinals , the Church may be provided of a,
Fajior. And I befeecb and require the faid Cardinals by you , and Ire-
quire them and the Church of God, that this wicked Man being put in
prifon, the Church of Komc may be provided of aVicar, which may mi-
nijler thofe things that Jljall appertain, until the Church of God be pro'-
vided of a Bifliop, utterly to takg away all occafion of Schifm.
After this proteftation of Nagaretta, immediately enfued the Ap-
S peal
130 5::!je cccieftadtcai !f tdo?^ cent.14.
peal of the King, pronounced and publiflied againft the faid Boniface.
The manner and form is fet down at large by Mr. Fox^ A£f& Monum.
Tow. I. f. 449.450. This was done, /4««o 1303.
IndidioHe friina^Jme i^. onxht i^'''- d^y of the fame Month of
June, the aforefaid K-ing Thili^ being prefent , and alfo the Lords,
Arch-Bifliops,Bi[hops, Abbots, Priors, and many witneffes .being pre-
fent, TFilliaino£ P/^/j^mo Knight, objeded, propounded, affirmed, and
read out of a certain paper which he held in his hand divers Articles
againft Pope Boniface, to the number of thirty , charging him with,
denying the immortality of the Soul, with afferting that w bore-
dom is no fin, charging him with Witch-craft, Simony , Sodomy,
Murther, OppreiGon, Bribery, Adultery , and many other deteftable
fins.
T-hefe things being thus read and done, King P/-'///^ anfwered, and
his Appeal is as followeth.
We Philip by the Grace of God, hearing and under(ia}fding the OhjeUi-
OTis propounded by our beloved and faithful Knight, W. of tiag-ixsttzagainji
Boniface, having non> the Keginient of the Pvomifli Church , dec. T^e
earnelUy befeech and require, in the Bov^els ef Jefm Chriji, yon Arch-Bz-
ffjopf, and other Prelates here Prefent , as Children of the Church , and
■pilars of the Faith , that you rvould labour the calling and ajfembling
of a Ceuncih in rvhieh We intend to beperfonally prefent, &c.
Then the Arch-Bi(hops,Bi(hops, Abbots, and Priors, anfwered the.
prem.iiTes.provoked and Appealed, t^o-. And made an Appellation,
Agreement, and proteft^tion , as was contained in a certain paper,
there openly and plainly read, in Tenour and Form following.
TFe Jrch-Bifhops of Nicofen, Remen, Senorem, Narbon , andBiJhopt
c/Lasidviren.Belnacen, Carolacen, Antifidoce, Meldimen, Nurmen,
Chartres, Orleans, Anjou, Conftance, rvith many others. And we Ab-
bots of Clugny, prceaionftrator 0/ *^e greater Monajlery of the Court
of 5^ Denis in France , St. Vidor , St. Genoveue, St. Martin, &c.
and Fryar Hugh, V:fttor vf the Hcufes of the Order of Knights of St. John
ef Jerufalem in France, and the Father Trior of St, Martin inthepeldi-,
&c. Hearing thefe things which rvere faid, propounded, and obje£jed yeji-
erday, and today, by yoH the Lords, Earls, and Wil. afonfaid , againfi
Tope Boniface VIII. &c. We anfvcer you, our Lord and King, and yoft.,
ear Lords ^Earls, and wiWhm, that (the Honour and Reverence of the
Holy Romi(h Church faked i:t all points J rre agree to. your due 'Recfuefi
in this behalf for the calling of the Council, and are ready to affiji to the
calling together of the fiid Council, according to the Decrees of the Ho-
ly Fathers, and to the lanful Crdtrs of th Canvm , not intending by
Cent. 14. Of FRANCE. 151
any meant to make parties of this matter^ nor to flick^ to any that ma^eth
parties. Andlejirve ^ouldbehindredhy any means by the faid Boni-
face, by Excommunication, fufpenfwn, inter diUion, depoftng , deprivation,
&c. And that rve may fit in the fame Council to judge and do all other
things that belong to the Office of Prelates ; that We , onr friends, our
fubje£{s,Ta^ijh-Chiirches,Qcc. may remain fafe. We provoke, and Ap-
peal in Writing to the afore faid Council that is to be gathered, and to him
that (hall be the true and lawful higheji Bijhop , and to him or them to
whom of right we should Appeal, and do earneftly require our Appellati-
ens: committing us, our ?ariJh-Churches, and them that flicks to m\ our
ftate and theirs^ dec. to the godly defense of the aforefaid Council^ and of
him that jhall he true and lawful higheji Bijhop. And we protefl to renew
this Appellation , where , when , and before whom it Jhall be thought
meet.
This was done at TarU, at Lupara, in the Channber of the King,
many Lords , and Earls , Knights and Clerks, and others being
Witneffes.
After thefe things thus in the Parliament decreed, and agreed > the
Prelates confulting with themfelves what to do in fo doubtful a mat-
ta\ and dreading the Pope's difpleafure for what was now done, to
clear themfelves to the Pope, partly to certitie hin:i what was done, and
partly alfo to admonifh him what he fliould dOj fent this enfuing Let-
ter to him, thus direfted.
To their moft Holy Father, and dearefi: beloved Lord, Boniface,
the chief BiQiop of the Holy Row;}?/ Church , and the Univerfal
Church: his humble and devout Arch-Bifi:iops, Abbots, Priors,
Conventuals , Deans, Provofts, Chapters, Covents, and Col-
ledges, of the Cathedral and Collegiat Churches , Regular and
Secular, of all the Realm of France, being gathered together, do
offer moft devout killings of your bleffed Feet.
We are compelled with f arrow to ftgnijie unto your Holinefs , that our
7no\l dear Lord Philip by the Grace of God the noble King of France, when p^^ j^^ ^ ^^_
tve faw the Letters fealed and fent to him of late on your behalf by the num. Tom. i.p.
Cardinal of ^d.\ho,yoHr Notary, and by him were prefented to him, aw^i "^'^ •+>■*•
certain others of his Barons, upon tb$ perufing of thefe bloody Letters,
being read unto them fitting by him, both our Lord the King , and the
Barons were highly incenfed. Ihen the King commanded to be called be-
fore him tfje other Barons then abfent, and us alfo to appear perfonally,
&c. Being all thus called, and come together, we flood before the King
*/>J5 Wednefday tf i«^ the tenth of this pre fent April , in St. MaryV
Church /« Palis, "there our Lord the King told us, that it ws fignifed
S 2 to
1 32. X^t cccleftalltcai ^tfto?^ Cent^ 14.
it him (amongother things) by the aforefaid Cardinal and Letters^ that
for hU Kingdom (which he and hit Ancejhrs hitherto do ackitov^ledge they
hold of God only) mrv ought in Temporal things to be fuhjeS unto yoif-,
and hold of you.
And ye baie^called to appear before youilfe Trelates and Clergy of the-
faidKealm, forthe correding of fuch wrongs as ye pretend to be done
toEcclefiaftical perfoMS,beth Kegular and Secular abiding mthin the
Keahn andelfervhere^ &c. .
Te are charged alfo for referving, and wilful ordering of Arch-Bi-
(hoprickji Bijhoprickj-, and beflowing of great Benefices of the Realm nprf
Strangers^wherehy the decay of God''s Worfhip hath enfued^the pious wiHi
of the godly Founders^ are defi-auded of their godly purpofe , the poor of
this Kealfu are without their acctiftomed Alms, the Realm is impoverijhed'
and the Church is in danger of Ruine , the Churches being unferved^
whiljithe Frophets are taken away^ the fruits of thofe that ferve them
being given unto ftrangers.
Alfo He complained of new "taxes laid upon the Churches, with un-'
meafurable exaUions^ by which the general State of the Church if chatt'
ged, &G,
iberefore he required us all, both- Trelates and Barons to ordain whole-^
fome things, for the eafntg of the aforefaid grievances , and for redrejjtng
ihe Realm and the Ytcnch Church : and therefore we fiould regard to be
ready with counfel to help in~ feafon (as we are bound by the duty of fide"
lity) in thefe things.
Then the Barons having debated together on thefe matters , coming to ■
our-Lord the King, and thanking him for Ini laudable purpofe , anfwered
vpith one voice, that for thofe things they were not only ready to offer to
fpend their goods, hut alfo to yield their perfons unto death: adding, that
if the King would fuffer thefe things, yet they would not.
Then our anfwer being demanded, we faid , that we would not offend^
'againfi the libertyef the Realm, nor by any means innovate things con'
trary to the King's honour in that behalf.
TFe exhorted him to keep the bond of Vnity,which hath continued until
noiv, beiwixt the Holy ^on\i(h Church, and Ins predeceJJ'ours ; but when
we were told, that if any Man were of a contrary mind , from thenceforth
he- fhould be manifeftly ceunted-an "Enemy of the King and the Realm; we
anfwered, that we would help our Lord the King with due counfel and Aid^
for the preferving of hU perfon, and of the Laws and Liberties of the
faid Realm, like as we are (certain of us) by the duty of Allegiance
boundtohim^ which hold of him Dukedoms , Earldoms, Baronies, Fff/,
&c. by the form of the Oath as all others do. let we requeued the King
that feeingwe were hound to obey your Holinefs, he would fuffer us to go
according to the Tenour of your aforejaid calling.- Then it was anfwered
onthebehalf of the-King and Karons ^ that inno cafs they -wsuld fuffer ut
in go oat of ibe Realm, "'~ "" " '" ?''^^§*
Cent. 14. Of FRANCE. 133
Then rve conftdering of fo great an anger, and trouble fo jeopardous: and
alforchat things are attempted againji Churches and Church-men^ to fpoil
their Goods and Riches^ with 'jeopardy of life-', feeing that the Laity do now
abhor the obedience of Clerks^ and have tahgn courage to condemn the Ec-
elefiaflical cenfnrc andprocefs, &c. Jf'''e thought good in thif point of great-
eft neceffity to runwith fighs and tears to the Wifdom of yjj^r Holinefs^
befeeching your Fatherly mildnefs^ that fome rvholefome remedy may be
provided in the premijfes, by which the found pro^tahle agreement, and-
mutual love, which hath continued fo long a time betwixt the Church , the
King aud the Realm, may be maintained in that old fweet Concord , the
State of the French Church may continue in godly and quiet peace , and
that ye would vouchfafe toforefeehorptowithflandthe dangers and offen-
ces afore faid,th at we and our States may be provided for by the afore-
faid Commandement of your calling, by the fludy of your Apoftolical
Wifdom,and Fatherly Lmie. "the Almighty preferve your Holineji to
his Holy Church a long time.
In the next year, viz. 1304; about the Nativity of our Lady,
came a number of HarnefFed Souldiers well appointed, fent partly
by the French King, partly by the Cardinals of Columna Cwhom' the
Pope before had depofed) unto the Gates o( Arvagiutn, or Anagnr,
where the Pope had hid himfelf There Sciarra Co/o««;
134 ^ft^ ecciefiafticai i^iiJoj^ cent. 14.
f-Hi-
part of the Cardinals being faft in thofe Chains, and part of themin-
timidated with the threats of the Perugians xiovf in Arms, Cardinal
Co/o««tfproporingthe Bifliopof Bwifi^wK, who was a great lover of
the King of France, he was chofen by common confent, and a Courier
fent poll tohim (who was then at his Biflioprick ) to know what
name he would carry : he replyed, h« would not change the name he
was baptized with, which was Clement, and fo he was publiflied accor-
x3ingly to the people, and called Clement the fifth.
After publication in the ufual place, the Cardinals difpatched feve-
lal mcffengers to the new Pope, to entreat him to haften his Journey
into Italy.
But the Pope being inftruifted by the King of France , made anfwer,
D '2?"'^"^^'^"'° that the Flock was to follow the Shepherd, and not the Shepherd the
Flock, commanding the Cardinals immediately to repair to him
in France, and particularly in the City of Foidiers, as they alfo
did.
This Clement was the firfi of feven French Popes , which held the
See one after another, untoVrbanVl. under whom the I*j/i. under Vrhan
VI. viz. the fpace of feventy four years.
This unlucky pomp being ended, Clement cixated many French
Cardinals (and not one Ii«/iii«) and removed the Court prefently to
Avignon. He avouched openly to keep a Concubine, the Daughter of
CouRti/e fuM^ he fent three Caidinals with Senatorial power
to
Cent.14. Of FRANCE. 135
.^ . : —. "T
to govern B-ome and Italy. He ordained , that none (hould ufe
the Title, or exercife the power of Emperour, until he were confirmed
by the Pope.
In the year 1307. a Parliament was fummoned againft Pope Clemem
by King Thilip^ touching temporal jurifdidion belonging to Princes,
and Ecclefiaftical belonging to the Church. Forafmuch , as Pope
Clement V. extolled himfelf above all Princes, as in other Countries,
fo alfo in frame he extended his ufurped jurifdi6tion above the
Princely Authority of the King, claiming to himfelf full government
of both the States, as well Secular as Ecclefiaftical > the King there-
fore direfteth his Letters mandatory to the Prelates and Barons of the
Realm of fca««, to affemblethemfelves together at Taris in the Year
afore-mentioned in the beginning of Decfw/jfr.
At the day fpecified in thofe Letters the Prelates a'nd Clergy afTem- FoxAa^Mbi-
bled themfelves before the King at his palace in Varis^ where after due 451.463.
reverence done unto the King, there fitting in his own perfon with his
Barons and Council about him, a certain wife and noble Lord , Tet^f
de Cugneriis^ovie of the King's Council, ftands up, and makes an Ora-
tion before the Parliament in the King's behalf. His Oration is divi-
ded into two parts. I, He flieweth, that obedience and reverence is
due unto the King. 3. That there ought to be a difference betwixt
the jurifdidion of the Clergy and Laity , fo that fpiritual matters
(hould be defined and ordered by the Prelates and fpiritual men ; and
Temporal caufes ruled and determined by the King, his Barons , and
Temporal men.
All which he proved by many reafons, both of Fa£t and Law. His Articles agiinff
Oration being ended, he repeated certain words in the French Tongue, th« clergy of.
which imported, that the King's Will and pleafure was in fome points ^''''""" ■
to renew the Temporal State and jurifdidion : and therewith he exhi-
bited a certain Bill in French, whereof alfo he gave a Copy to the
Prelates, containing fixty five Articles, which may be read at large in-
Mr. Fox his A£is and Mowtmenti^ Vol. i .. f. 462 . 463 . 464. 4(5 5.
Afterhehadfpoken, the Prelates required to have time to anfwer
thereunto : whereupon the Friday next cnfuing was appointed for the
lame, on the which day the Bifliop E^w«, and the Arch- Bifhop q{ Se
Hon Eled, in the name of the whole Clergy, anfvvered for themall be-
before the King, holding his Parliament on that day at Vkenas. They
endeavour to prove, that both the Temporal and Spiritual jurisdidionS'
arecotnpatible, notwith|kndipg thediltindionof them one from the
other. Then they proceed, to prove that a perfon Ecclefiaftical, which
hath Jurifdidion Spiritual, may alfo have Temporal jurifdidion , and
that the jurifdidion Temporal may be in.ari EccleGaliical peirfon, they
allcdgt for this the example of . Mekhifedec\i, who was both King and
Piklt ; and of Samuel^ who wa^ both, f tk(t and Piophet , ' and foir a
long:,
136 %tit CCClefiaaical ^ittOP^ Cent. 14.
longtime appointed Judge over the people in Temporal matters.
Theyaflertalfo thatChriftby his humane nature had both powers,
(hewing that he was a Prieft after the order of Melchifedec\: and
that he had both in hisvefture, and on his Thigh written, King of
Kingt, and Lord of Lords. Many other places they cite out of the
new Teftament.
Then they offer to prove it by the Civil Law, and by reafon , and
many places in the Canon Law : they (hew, what privikdges of this
nature had been granted to the Clergy by Chafles the Great , King of
rT. 475. 477.
The Ecclefi-aftical Judges' have fince that time attempted to ufurp
this jurifdidion over the Laity in cafe of Adultery , &c. but the
complaint which was made of it by Peter de CMgHeriis^ on the behalf,
r^P^ffiftoTrs'i of the King's Judges fwhich we may read at this day extant) did put
htoi. an end to that trouble. And always whatfoever the Clergy attempted
tomeddlein fuch matters, they have been prohibited by the Parlia-
ments upon Appeals, as from abufes, which have been put in againft
their decrees.
Pope Clement had prom.ifed unto King Philip to abolifli the memory
of Vope^onifaceVlU. and to anuU all his Ads, but by advice of-
Cardinal ?)!•-«*?»/?/, he delayed unto a general Council , and this he
NKcier. p.»72. fymmoned to beheld at Vienna in Frame ^ where the King required
' * from the Pope the performance of hispromife. The Council did zz-
knowledge Bo«if^cf to have been a lawful Pope: but they did de-
clare all his A<3:s againft the King to havebeen unjuft, and that none of
them (hould be prejudicial to the King, or to his ."^cceffours. In this
Council the Pope propounded the aid of the Chriftians in Syria^ the
punifliment of the 'templars , and the reformation of the Church;
Wars were. proclaimed, and Indulgences wereoffered in thefe wordsv
WerWill^ that thf fmifhrnsnt of HiHybenj-ryay laid ti^oH him , reho if
Cent. 14' Of FRANCE, 13a
!___ ^ , - _■<
pgned with the Crofs^grantiHgalfo unto every ^igned perfon porver to puU
three or four Souls oKt of Purgatory at their pleafure. Hercat the Di-
vines of Paris were offended, becaufe it was written in the fame Bull,
We command the Angels to carry the abfolved Soul into Faradife. It
was then a received Article, that the Pope may command the Angels
as his Serjeants. Pope Clement granted great Indulgences to fuch as
could not go, but could find Money for that ufe •, fo as he that gave a ^^^ ^j- ^^ ^,j
penny, was to have one year's pardon: he that gave twelve pence French cbj-oni-
twelve year's pardon : and he that would give as much as would ''*"
maintain a man going over Seas, a plenary pardon for all. The Pope
appointed certain men whom he put in truft for the receiving of this
Money, llnfpeakable were the fums of Money that were given for
the purchafing thefe pardons for five years together. At the end
whereof, when the good men were ready to go, and perform what
they had promifed and vowed, the bufinefs Was broke off, but the Pope
kept the Money, the Marquefs his Nephew had a fliare of it, and King
Philip the fair, and his three Sons, who had taken up the crofs to go
thithex in pciioxijEdtpard King o( England^ and other noble perfons
ftaycd at home.
In this Council it was ordained, that the feaft of CorpiK Chrifii fliould
be kept, with many Indulgences granted unto them who (hould ce-
lebrate this Feaft.
In the fame Council Pope Clement V. fet forth a Book of Papal dc- ^^^^ j;^^,^^.
crees, called Liher Clementiarum, which was received, allowed and ra- Hift- in Ce»<.i4«
tified by this Council. Wi««c/fr«j- faith, that C/eww* before his death
repented the fetting out of this Book, and commanded it to be burnt.
Yet notwithftanding the fucceeding Popes , and particularly John
XXll. confirmed and Authorizedthe faid Book again , together with
the Decretals of Gregory and Boniface^ becaufe thefe Books highly ad-
vanced the See of Kome^ exempting the Biftiop of Kome from fab-
je(Sion to general Councils, and attributing power to him to receive
or rejetft the Emperour after he is chofen, comparing the Pope to the
SuH,and theEmperburto the Moon. Finally, counting it a thing
neceflary unto Eternal Life, that every perfonbe fubjeiS to the Bifhop
of Rome,
It was alfo ordained, that Schools (hould be creded , and foreign
, Tongues (hould be learned, namely, the Hebrerv^'Chaldaick^, and Arabick^
Languages. It was alfo ordained, that the name and remembrance of
the Templars fhould be rooted out : which decree was put in execution
by all Chriftian Princes.
Know then, that about nineteen years after the Chriftianshad loft all t!,o. Fuller fup."
ix)Palefiine,hy the cruel deed of Pope Clement V. and toul Fadl of picTi-Hift.ficri-
rM/;> the fair, King of France, the templars were finally extirpated '"■"^''"■'"
out of all Chriftendom.
T 2 Pope
I40 %5e cccieftaCKcan^tilo?^ Cent. 14.
Pope Clement having long fojourned in France^ had received many
great courtefies from King P/'////'j yea he owed little lefs than hitnfelf
to him. At lafl: Philip requefted of him a boon, great enough (faith
my Authour) for a King to ask, and a Pope to grant, namely , all the
• ' Lands of the Knights Templars in France^ forfeited by reafon of their
horrible Herefies, and licentious living. The Pope was willing to-
gratifie him in fome good proposition for his favours received, and
'[ being thus long the King's Gueft, he gave him the 'templars Lands,
and Goods to pay for his entertainment.
On a fudden all the Templars in France are clapt in prifoa , damna-
ble fins were laid to their charge , as facrificing of Men to an Idol
they worthipped i roafting of a7'(?/w/'/(fr's Baftard , and drinking his
Blood, fpitting upon the crofs of Chrift, confpiring with Turkj and
Saracens againft Chriftianity,they were charged with Sodomy, Beftia-
lity, with many other Villanies out of the Road of humane corruption,^
and as far from Man's Nature as God's Law*
The fole witnefs againft them was one of their own Order, a noto-
rious MalefaiSor^ who at the fam.© time being in prifon, and to fufFer
for his own offences, condemned by the Mafter of their Order , fought-
toprxjvehislnnocency, by charging all his own Order to be guilty.
And he fvvore moft heartily to whatfoever was objedled againft their
Order. Befides, many of the lempl'ars being brought upon the rack,.
confeffed- the accufations to be true, v^herewith they were charged.
" Hereupon all the Templars were moft cruelly burned to deatb
at a flake through all Fm»w , with "James. ^ the Grand- Mafter of
their Order.
Many men accounted not the Tcw/'/^)'/ MalefatSors, but Martyrs.
Firft, becaufe the witnefs was unfufficient, a Malefador againft his
Judge-, and Secondly, they bring tortured men againft themfelves.
And a confcilion extorted upon the Rack ( fay fome ) is of nO'
validity.
But being burned at the flake, they denyed it at their death,though •
formerly they had confefTed it.
A Templar being to be burned at Bardeaux, and feeing the Pope and
jjofpin. dc Orig. ^^'"8 ^^^^^P looking out of a Window, cryed unto them, Clement thou ■
Monach. ca. j8. cxuel Tyrant, feeing there is no Other among mortal men, to whom I
!o-J«. (hculd appeal for my unjuft Death, I cite Thee together with King-
Fhilip to the Tribunal of Chrift, the juft Judge who redeemed me,
there both to appear within one year and a day, -where I will lay open
my caufe, and Juftice fliall be done without any by- refped. In like^
mannerij^wej- Grand- Mafter of theT'emplars, though by piece-meal
he was tortured to death, craved pardon of God, and thofe of his or-
der. That forced by extremity, of pain upon the rack, and allured,
with hope of life, he had acculed them of fuch damnable fins whera--
Cetit.14. Of FRANCE. 141
of they were innocent. True it is, they were generally cryed up for
innocents. '
But Pope Clement and King Philip, were within the time prefixed
furamoned by death to anfwer to God for what they had done. Be-
fides , King Philip miffed of his expedation , and the morfel fell
befides his Mouth , the. Lands of the 'templars which were firft
granted to him as a portion for his youngeft Son , being after-
wards by the Council of Vienne beftowed on the Knights-Hof^
pitallers.
JVilliam Vurand Qi(hop 0^ Menda in Langrtedoc , being fummoned
by Clement V. to the general Council at Vienne^ to come and fee what
was fitting to be reformed in the Church , made a Book de Confiliis,
toward the beginning whereof he faith. It feemeth to be a thing con-
fiderable, and it is moji expedient and necejfary^ that before any thing elfe
roe Jhould proceed to the corre^ion and reformation of fuch things as ought
to be correUedand reformed in the Church of God, oi well in the head as
the Members. And in the firft Chapter of the third Book. Verily, as
concerning the 'Reformation of the Catholick^ Church,^ to bring it about
profitably and effectually, it feems expedient that it begin at the Head^
that is, at the Holy Church of Rome, which is the Head of all others^
Then he fets down in particular, fuch things as flood in need of refor-
mation, notably reprefenting many abufes of the See of Kome that de-
fctved to be correded. But for all his learned difcourfe there was
nothing done therein in that.Council, Witnefs the Bifliop of Pamr^
mo in his advice touching the Council of Bajlh This decree concern-
eth the general Eflate of the Church •, and the matters belong to a
general Reformation, which may be hindred by a diffolution, as it was
by the diffolution of the Council of Vienne.
D»r4«hofe Cohfciences they are ut-
terly ignorant of in^ismueb «/ they are none of their Preferring. He
would never have demanded the reformation hereof, unkfs the abufc
had been notorious.
Dwrand alfo perfwaded the abolition of Fraternities ^ for two lea-
fons, for their dliTolutenefs, and for their confpiracy againft fuperiours.
T3urandl de mo- 1* would be alfo ufcfid (faith hej that Fraternities, rvherein both Clergy
Hi'^rfrtit"'^^' ''"^^'''^'^^ «oi^?«g Jmt pamper themfelves mth delicates, live in dijfo'
lutenefs and drunkennefs^ and bufie themfelves in divers plots againft their
fitperiours rvere abolif};ed.
Then fpeaking of difpenfations, he faith , "that the very Nerves ef
Dufand de mo- *^^ Canqns and decrees are broken by the difpenfations which are made ae-
do celebr, con- Cording to the fiile of the Court of Rome, that they are againft the common ■
c!!.Tit,4.pirM.^^^^^ And Citing the Authority of St. Hierom writing to R»(?ic»r
^Bifl■lop of NarboM, he faith, Since Avarice is increafed in Churches as
xrell as in the Romzn Empire, the Latvis departed from the Friefts , and
feeing from the Frophets.
He gives us the definition of a difpenfation according to the Law-
yers, which he faith, U a provident relaxation of the general Lavp counter-
vailed by commodity or nece^ty: that if it be otherrpife ufedjt if not adif
:fenfation but a difjpaiion,tkat the queftion is nom about the ftaining of the
jiate of the Church ;■, that thofe tvho difpenfe upon unnecefary caufes , do
err. Laflly, for matter of difpenfation he would have that obferved
which Pope Leo faid, viz. "That there are fame things which cannot be
altered upon any occafwn : others which may he tempered in regard of the
necejfity of the times , or consideration of Mens Ages, but always with
this Kefelution , when there is any doubt or ohfcurity , to follow
that which is not contrary to the Gofpel, nor repugnant to the Decrees of
Holy Fathers.
Concerning Exemptions, he further declareth in that Council, Ihat
they give occaftento the perfons exempted to live mere dijfolutely, and more
at their liberty, 'that they tak^ arvay the reverence and obedience which
^ol^bT.con^.'^^^ ^^^^'P^^o^^ ^'^^^ ^^^^''' ^'^i^'^^" '"^^ Ordinaries , and maks them
general. Tit. 5« thinh^ themfelves as good men as the Bif^ops, and other their fuperiours,
T«rti. ^^^^ ^j^^ corrediion and punijfjing ef faults and excejfes is hereby hindred
and brought to nothings Ihat they are p-rejudicial to the -whole Church
Cathfflick^^ inasmuch as the exempted cannot be judged but by the Fope s
■and he cannot do it by reafon of his remotenefs from them i that they rob
men of the means of doing many goad werkj in T'.eligion > that they are
caufe
Cent. 14- Of FRANCE. j^3
■ caufe of many fcandals. "that thafe to whom- they are granted abrtfe their ■
priviledges : Jhat they draw after them the ruine of Monalleries , being
rather abHrtben than an hoaaur or profit to them.
"YhthvcitVurand mzmizmtih^ihat the Jofe hath no pxver to grant
fuch exemptions ^confideringthat they overthrow the general order of the
Catholic\CbHrch^ rvhich proceeds from Cod^ the Jpojilesy the Holy Fathers^ _
^nd general Councils^ and which mas approved and confirmed by Popes.
Ibat by this order^ all the Monajieries, Keligious places, Abbots, Abbejfes,
Monks and Nuns y and all other Keligious and Ecclefiajiical perfons one
immediately fubjeU to the government and guidance of Bijhops within their
Cities andViocejj'es, as unto their Superiours, tbeAp.ofilesSucceffours^and'
fttch as have power and Authority over them.
P.»/^«;^r faith, there were thefe remarkable excellencies in William'
Durand : he was a great Divine, a great Lawyer, and an excellent Po- de'la'F"«f u. '
et. He put out a Book entituled Speculum Juris, divided into three 9- ci,is,uhW.
great Tomes. As La»?W«/ among Divines is not ufually quoted by g^"^^^,'^; '
his own name, but by that ef Majier of the Sentences , fo among the
Lawyers he is not quoted by the name of William Vurand , but he is
ftiled Speculator. He delivered this Sentence about the Sacra-
mehf. Verbum attdimus^ modum Senttmuf, modum nefcimm , pr^fenti^
am credimuf.
I find this given as his Charader. CulielmufVuranduf, omnis Vi'-
vini Humanique juris Confulti^miu, Natione Vafca^fiaSus Epifcopuf Mi-
matenfis. Scripfit Speculum juris , unde fpeculator efi ditus. Malta ?
frofeCth'Utilia author monuit,& pracipue.de Ktformatione Fap£& ClVri,
Illyr.Catal.Teft. verit.llb. 16.
- Lew«H«ti«, called Lewfx X. began to reign over France , Anno
-13 1 5. and dyed ^»Ko 131(5. H£ left his Wife with child , who was
delivered'of a Son, which lived but eight days. L^Wfj- left one Daugh-
ter named Jane^ which wasQueen o£.J^iJWjrr,.aiid -Gountets Palatine
^ Brie zx\& Champ4gtianii'' ni'p*-l- . !;j):-.;.'t ir/i'.ViUH.-j ^^'P,. .
Thilip V. called the long,faccceded hisBrotheic'Ien»f/j;4wi(7 \^\6i
He dyed in the fixth year of his Reign, riz. Anno 1322.
PopeC/fWffwtV. dyed, i4«Ko 1514. after whcfe death the Papacy
fiood void two years and three ntionths. The Cardinals at laft did
■yield all their fuffrages wiStQ Jacob de OJfa Cardurcenfis, wlio afterwards
;W£nt up into the.Papal Chair, and ftid,, law ;Pr)pf. This was Jdhx
iKXlI.. He was ■saCijlerdaitMoT^k, he .fatclini^thaEt feat^eighteeft
'years. -.•:: ; , . ' • .' , ■ ,■; - -■' '
This jfi)fc« believed, that the Souls do not enjoy the prefence df
God beforethe day of Judgement. Hefenttwo Preachers -to Pa"/,
!the one a Vominicaft, tht otha iFrattaifcait, toaire«tandmai«rain.the.
fame Herefie. ,, ^ . ./.■.•'... u> .
But on^Jhomafj in.BitgliJh Pxcachexywitbftood the Popej -«idTthe
Pope
144 3^8^ eaitfMmi ^ittoti^ cem. 14.
p«» ■„ , - . , ■■ II ■ _ I , , ^~
Pope threw him into prifon. Hereupon the French King fummoned a
£;ouncil unto his palace in Vintiana Sylva , the whole Affembly fuo-
fcribed againft the Pope. Immediately the King fent to Pope
John to reform his errour , and to fet the Preacher at liberty,
■which he did. Seme fay, that the Divines of Tans made him to re»
cant his errour publickly.
Append.to.Mat- This John XXII. eredied the Church of Iholoufe in France to an
joa'nr°l°"Vub Arch-Bifhopriek, divided the Diocefs of thohuje into fix Bifhopricks,
Ann. 1317. ' the Bifhops whereof fhould be fuffragans to the Arch- Biihop o( fha.
loufei and turned fix Villages into Cities, viz. Montanban , ILieax,
Lombez-Abbey^ St,Papi}xl,Lavat{r, ind Mirepoix. He created two
Bifliopricksi within the Arch- Biflioprick of War^ow : the firft at Le-
tnoux, whofe Seat he tranflated to Jlet not long after : the fecond in
' the Abbey of St. Tons, fetting out their Dioceffes. He divided alfo
the Bithoprick of Alby into two, and created one at Caflres.
' He ere'ifted divers others befides, which are reckoned up in parti-
cular by the Authour of the continuation to Martinus Tolonuf.
Clement W. predeceffour to this Pope, had ordained, that Emperours
by the German Princes eleded, might be called Kings of the Romans ^
feut -might not enjoy the Title or right of the Empire to be nomina*
ted Emperours , without their confirmation given by the Pope,
wherefore beauk Lewes oi Bavaria being chofen Emperour ufed
the Imperial dignitjj in 1*4^, before he was authorized by the Pope,
the faid Pope John therefore Excommunicated the Emperour , who
often deiired of him a Treaty of peace , which . the Pope refufed to
hearken to. At the fame time divers learned Men difallowed the do-
ings of the Pope, as William Ocham , whofe tranfa(3;ions were after-
ward condemned by the Pope for writing againft that See ; and Marft-
i lilts Pativinus^ who wrote the Book entitulcd , Vefeufor pads , which
was put into the hands of the faid Emperour j wherein the controvcr-
fie of the Pope's unlawful jurifdidion in things Temporal is largely
difputed,and the ufurped Authority of that See is fet forth to the
uttermoft. Some Writers fay, that a great caufc of the variance was,
for that one of the Emperour's Secretaries ( unknown to the Empe-
rour>had likened in fdivers of his Letters^ the Papal See to the Beaft
rifing out of the Sea in the Afocalypfe, At length when the Empe-
rour, after much fuit made to ihe Pope at Avignon, could not obtain
his Coronation from him, he went to Rowe, where he' was received
with great honour ■■> and both he and his Wife were both crowned by
the confent of all the Lords and Cardinals there i and another Pope
was there fet up, called N/c/?o/■?«;?«)>, and afferableth the Prin*
ces, Dulles, Nobles, Bifhops , and .other learned men in a Council at
rr««ci^/br^, where he caufed an injundtion to"be difpatched, wherein
he affirmed the fentence pronounced againft him unjuft , and tha't his
Exconrtmunication did no way bind him.
wherefore he commanded upon great penalties, that na man
(hould obey his cenfures and interdidions in that behalf , which in-
jundion caufed great alterations in Germany, efpecially among
the Clergy , fome holding with the Emperour , others with the
Pope.
Vantes, a man of profound Learning, at that time wrote a" Book,
called , the Monarchy, wherein he favoured the Emperour \ for which
he was afterward condemned, and his Book held for Herefie. And
other great men wrote Books and Treatifes, defending the Pope's fa-
pream Authority.
Charles ly. Brother to Fhilip the long, fucceeded in the Kingdom
of France, being the laft Son of Fhilif the Fair. He dyed Aivia 1328.
having reigned fix ycars^ leaving the Crown to the fecond royal Bnnch
of Capets, whereunto the order of the fundamental Law did lawfully
call them.
Philip the Hardy had left two Sons, Thilip the fair, and Charles Earl
of Valois i of whom it is faid, that he was the Son of a King, Brother
to a King, Unckle to a King, Father to a King, and yet no -King. Fhi-
lip the Son o{ Charles oi Valois is faluted and proclaimed King of
France, and anointed and crowned at Khemes according to the ufual
cuftom.
Near the beginning of his Reign, the Courts of Parliament and all De Scrrcj Hifc
the Soveraij^ J Judges faflembled from all theProvinces) made a gene- in vit. PWiip. ds
ral complaint againft the Clergy of France, accufing them of fundry
abufes, and namely that againft the right of their charges they inter-
meddle^ with the politick jurifdidion. The fuit was vehement , and
famous tor the gri:itr,efs of the parties. The King to reconcile this
quarrel, calls a general Aflembly of his whole Realm at Faris. The
caufe was pleaded before him with great liberty by Feter de Cugneriit
(this is He whom in derifion they call M. Feter Cugnet, who is in the
great Temple in Fijm, noted with a little Monkey's head, placed be-
twixt two pillars to put out the Candles , being odious by reafon of
his pleading) and as coldly defended by Peter Berf>*«r« Indeed thou art the fame that the Evangelift faw in the
Spirit fitting upon many Waters : the people and the Nations are the
Waters upon which thou fitteft. whore,know thy habit i a Woman
cloathed in purple and Scarlet ^ and Gold and pretiotts Stones , having a
Golden Cup in her har'd full of abomination and uncleamtefs of Yornica"
tion: Doft thounot know thy k\i Babylon} unlefs that deceive thee
which is written in her Fore-head, Grfizt Babylon^ and thou art little
Babylon : little indeed in compafs of Walls, but in vices and compafs
of infinite lufts and paffions, and multitude of all evils thou art gveat-
eft. And what followeth, agreeth unto thee and no other, Ba^v'o;/, the
Mother of Fornications, and abominations of the Earth. If thou wilt
yet diffemble, mark whatfollowetli. And I faw the Woman drunken
nith the Blood of the Saints^ an^ with the Blood of the JFitneJJes of Je-
fm. why art thou fiknt? either (hew another dxanken with this
Blood, or deny that thou art drunken, if thou canft \ for the Vifion
muft be true; The life of Petrarch is written by Vapirius Maffoniis,
Many refoited to him from France, and all Italy.
About this time Hajabad a Francifcan^ preached in Avignon before
Pope C/fmf«^, that he was commanded by God to declare, that the ^^^^^^if""^
Church of Kome is the Whore of Bi«^)'/5«, and that the Pope and
his Cardinals are the very Antichrift, and that his predeceffours Bene'
diB and John are condemned. When the'Pope challenged him, he faid he
was commanded in aVitionto fpeakfo, and therefore he duift not
fail to fpeak it.
JohnKochetalada,ar\oih£tFrancifcan, preached the fame , and
is laid to be one of them who were burnt at Avignon. Anno
1353-
^t the CdiVae time Gregory de Aritnino oppofed the Do(Sors in the
Articles of Juftification by works, -and of free will. At Faris he taught
that man hath free will to do evil, but no good without fpecial
grace : and that we are juftified by Faith only. And he faid the
Sdioolmen deferve to be called Semipelagians. Andreas de Ca\\ro,
and John Buridan , two famous Men at that time , agreed with
him.
Then E«^o Duke of ]5«rg««i^j',perfwadcd the Fff«e^ King that lie
(hould not receive into his Realm the new Dccy:tals and Extravagants.
His fage advice is extant among the Records of France.
^A new War arofe between King Johnoi France, and Edipard the
third, King of England, The Pope fent the Cardinal ef Feregort^
to thefc two Princes (being ready to fight) to calm this ftorm. Johu
being the ftronger, demanded that Eda^ard {houid o\ye him tour Hc-
ftagesi and as one vanquithed, fliould remain at his mercy and dif-
crction. E-drpard wdiS content to yield up all that he had taken from
V 2 him
H^ %t^t CCCleftafttcal J^tftO?? Cent. 14.
IV.' „-.
him, but without any blemifh to his honour. Edjrard encouragetli
himfclf, and prepares to fight the French , and vanquifl-ieth them at
PoidJers. King John is taken prifoner, and his Son Philip, by Edtfard-
the Black Prince, Son to Edward the third , King of England ^ they
are brought to EWfiJwa;, and from thence fent into England^ where
they are lodged in the City of London, in the Duke oi Lancaiier''s houfe,
under a fure Guard. Many others of the Nobles of France were
alfo taken Captive. 1700 Gentlemen were llain in this Battle, a*
mong which were 52 Lords. King yoi« continued five years a pri-
foner, for he was taken in September.^ Anno 1 3 56. and delivered in May-^
Anno 1^61.
There hapned in Fr^we a certain contention, between the French
Prelates, and the Fryars of Parii. The Frf,w/j Prelates afiembling in
the City of Paris, caufcd by the Bedles to be called together all the
Students, Matters and Batchellors of every faculty , with the chief
heads of all the Religious Houfes and Fryars of the Univerfity of Pa-
ris, who being all congregated in the Bifliop of Paris his houfe,
■where there were prefent four Arch-Biftiops , and twenty Billiops,
the Bifhopof B//«rf preached to the Students of Paris againft the.
Fryars.
He told them that true charity would compel them to provide for
their flocks, to withftand errours ; that they were bound to give their
lives for the flock committed to their charge.
That no Man ought tobufie himfelf with what belonged not to'
his Office. For thereby (faith hej all Ecclefiaflical Order is diflblved;
He fliewcd how the Dominican and Francifcan Fxyzis 3id ufurp what
belonged to the Prelates. They charged the Fryars for preaching
againlt their wills throughout all their Diocefles , and for hearing
ccnfeflions , faying, that they have the Pope's priviledge to bear them
cut therein.
Then flood up another inthe publick place , and read the privi-
ledges of both the orders, and afterwards read the conltitution of Pope
Innocent III. v/ritten in the fifth of the Decretals, which conftitutiorr
was repugnant and contrary to the aforefaid priviledges. Then rofe
up the Bifliop of /4»ji/a«, a great Lawyer, who difcourfing from Ar-
ticle to Article, there proved by good Law, thatthe faid conflitutibn
flood in it's full force and vigour,and ought not to be infringed by the
Fryars priviledges in any part : and therefore by vertue of that con*
flitution, the Fryars ought not fo miforderly to hear confeflions, en-
joyn pennance, and preach in Churches without fpecial licence of the
Bifl^op of tlie Diocefs, and leave from the Curate of the Parifli ; unto
whofe words none of the Fryars replyed at that time. So the Bifliop
proceeding to the conclufion,de{ired the Univerfity to affift them in
tliat cafe, wherein they, were all determined: to ftand firrnly to the flied*
Cent. 14- Of FRANCE. 149
ding of their blbod in refifting that intrufion of the Fryars. This
hapned orr Vecemb, 6.
The next day being .S'^W.i)/, one of the Order of the Afwor/tf j , cs
Yrancifcaits^vicnX. to the Church of the Majorites, or preaching Fryars,
where he made a Sermon (which was never feen before, for the one
Order to come and refort to the other) beginning in the aforefaid mat-
ter to reply, and to expound in order through every Article , adding
moreover, that they went not fo far in their priviledges as they law-
fully might. And faid, that when they obtained thofc priviledges in
Rome, the Wi(ho^ of Ainhian was thcte pxeknt himfelf, refifting the
fame with all his power; yea all the Prelates of Froftce [ent and wrote .
up to the Court againft thefime, and yetdid not prevail. For when
the Fryars there declared to the Pope how far they had ufed their pri-
viledges, the Pope at the fame time faid, Flacet^ fliewing that he agreed
unto the fame.
And now (faith hej the Prelates demand of us to fend up our pri-
viledges to the Court, which were great folly in us i for in fo doing
we (hould give way to the revoking the Authority which is given into
our hands already. Moreover, our Warden and Mafter, is now lately
dead, and the Mafter of the Dominican Fryars here is not now prefentt
wherefore we dare not determine in fo weighty a caufe (touching the
priviledges of our order) without the prefence of them. And therefore
we dellreycuof the Univerfity to hold usexcufed, who are not the
worftpartof the Univerfity.
The next day being the c^hth of the fame month it was determi-
ned that one ,of the Vominick^ Fryars ftiould preach in the Church
of the Francifcan, or Gray- Fryars, and fohe did, going the fame way
as the other Fryar had done before in the other Church.
All the Heads of the Univerfity met together on the Vigil of Sti
T'homas\ day in St. Bernard's Church at the fame time.
A Sermon was preached by a Divine of the Univerfity, wherein he
with many words and great Authorities , argued againft them that
would not be obedient to their Prelates. The Bifhop of Ambian
fthe Sermon being ended) profecuted the fame Argument. And
in condufion the Fryars priviledges were in difputation confuted at
Varii.
Certain Articles had formerly been given out againft the Fryars -
by the Students of ?nm , why they (hould not be admitted to therr '
Society.
1 , Say they, our Society ought not to be Co-adtive, but free and vo-
luntaryi
2. Becaufe we have often proved their community many ways to
be hurtful and incoroodious,
3, Seein
•I 5 o %)^t CCClefialllCal m^m Cent.
5. Seeing they-.are of a diverfe profeffion from us ffor they are cal-
led Regular^ and not Scholaflical) we ought not therefore to aflbciate
together in one Scholaflical Office.
4. Becaufe they work diffentions and offences^ therefore we ought
to avoid them.
5. Becaufe they devour Mens houfes , fearching and facking
the Eftates and Confciences ©f all perfons , circumventing thofe
whom they find eafle to be feduced, and leading them from the Coun-
fel of their Prelates.
6. They fuggeft , that the Fryars are falfc Prophets , who being
neither Bifhops, nor Parifh-priefts, nor yet their Vicars, nor fent by
them, yet they preach (not fent) againft the mind of the Apoftle
B^om. 10.
7. Becaufe they are fo curious in fearching and enquiring out'
other Mens doings and fpiritual demeanour : Wherefore feeing them
in no order, we are by the fentence of the Apoftle commanded to a-
void them.
Befides thefe Articles above rehearfed , certain propofitions were,
propofed in the Schools of Varis^ folemnly to be difputed and defen*
ded againft the Fryars, which were thelE.
1. That the begging Fryars were not in a ftate of Salvation.
2. That they were bound to labour with their hands that could,
and not to beg.
5. That they ought not to preach, or hear the confe/Iions of any,
although they be Licenfed thereunto by the Pope, or by the DiocefTan,
forasmuch as the fame is prejudicial to the Minifters and Priefts of
the Pariihes.
All thofe aforefaid Articles and conclufions, Pope Alexander IV.
had condemned to be abolifhed and burnt, writing his precepts to the
'French King, and the Unlverlity of Taris in favour of the Fryars, com-
manding all Liberties and priviledges to be reftored tothefaid Fryars.
Another priviledge was given to the Fryars by Pope Clement IV. who
fucceeded Alexander IV. Anno 126^.
But in the year 1281, Pope Martin IV. renewed again the Canon in
behalf of the Curates againft the Fryars.
In the year 12^4. Boniface VIII. granted to the Fryars , that with-
out licence of Vicars of Churches , they fhall firft prefent themfelves
to the Prelates to be admitted i by whom if they be refufed the fecond
time, then they upon fpecial Authority of this Pope (hall be privi-
ledged without either Bifliop or Curate, to preach, to bury , and to
hear confeflions from any that (haJl come unto them : fo revoking all
that
Cent,T4. Of F RANCE. 151
that was decreed by his predeceffours to the contrary.
Anno 1303. Pope Bf«f«/iS II. revoked the conftitution of Boniface
his predeceffour. Then followed Pope C/eiweKtV, who in his gene-
ral Council holden at Vienna revoked the conftitution of Be-
nediSi his predeceffour, and renewed again the former decree of Bo-
niface.
Upon this variable diverlity of the Popes Cone diffenting from and
repugning another) arofe among the Divines and Schoolmen in Uni-
verfities great matter of contention , in the Univeriities of Oxford,
and ?aris about the begging FryavSjfome holding one way fome a-
nother.
Five principal opinions be noted of learned men, who then difpu-
ting againft the Fryars, were condemned for Hereticks, and their alTer-
tions reproved.
The firft was the opinion of them which defended that the Fryars- -
might not by the licence of the Pope and of the Prelates , preach in
Pariflies, and hear confelfioQ.
Of this opinion vj2s,Wi\\iam ^^ /w,
1280. of a great diftemper in his Bladder, after he had fate fix years
in France, and five in Italy.
It is reported, that at the hour of this Pope's Death, the palace of
thePopeat /?:)fg«o« wasfet on fire, and could not be quenched, till Bale's Pageant ;
the greateft part thereof was burnt. Afterwards enfued the greatcfi; °^ ^°p*'^
fchifm and divifion that ever hapned in the Popedom.
King yo^«dyed, Anno 1364. to whom fucceeded his Son Charles^
the fifth of that name. VJix\'^John Ay cdm England', for the French
King had an earneft defire to lee the King of Englandzgz'm, becaufe he
had fo honourably entertained him whilll he was his prifoner. So
he went, and was entertained, very Royally. But (hortly after, he
fellfick, and dyed zt London. His Body was conveyed over into :.■•;'>
France, and buried in the Town of St. T>enii, the King oiCypnu being *
prefent at his Funerals.
^ Charles V. called the Wife, was crowned at Khemes , together with
his Wife, the Daughter of Peter Duke of Bourbon. He made his youn-
ger Brother Philips Duke of Burgundy^ who had been prifoner with his
Father in England.
Many Lords in Cafcoign revolted from Prince Edward
X ' unto
unto the French King. Prince Edtvard after his great vidories , had
carried himfelf roughly toward the Noble-men his Subjefe. But-
the Fre«c/j King befides his excellent wifdom , was alfo gentle and
courteous, infinuating himfelf into the afFedions of all men.
The Duke of /^«jo» marching v/ith his forces from Iholoufe ^ eafily
recovered all the Towns and holds that were pertaining to the Englijh
in thofe quarters. The King of E>fg/M<», in the Cafile
of Pi««i/co/ii, ad miniftring the Sacramentss, and conferring of digni--
ties. He was condemned together with the Cardinals which elefted'-
him by the Authority of a general Council.
Afterwards he affembled a Council at Per/'ig^iiw, where he created
feveral Cardinals, andcommandfd them after his death to follow hi?
orders, which were to choofe another Pope without lofing of time,
which they did.. For this Anti-Pope being dead at Fanifcola ^ the
Cardinals chofe one Giles- MuHgot , a Chanon of Barcelona , in his-
place, cz\\m%h.iv!\ Clemently, who at the Inftance of King Alfhonfe-
created Cardinals forthwith, and began to Adi in every thing as the.
true Popes ufe to do.
But afterwards upon Pope Martin the fifth's accomodation with
King Alphonfo, Giles (being commanded ) renounced the rights of tlm-
Papacy, and was declared Bifhop of Majorca : and the Cardinals which
he had created, were likewife forced to renounce their Cardinalitial
dignity.
Charles VI, fucceeded his Father in the Kingdom of France at the
.^geof 12 years, he was crowned in the yean 380. married in 1384. he-
falls into a Vhieniie,Anno 13^3. and dyes^ Anno 1422.
Charles the Wife, left two Sons , viz. this Charles VI. and Lemer
Duke of Orleans. And Charles VI. had three Sons, Len?es^ John and
Charles^ and one Daughter named Katherine. Thefe three Sons were
Danlphins one after another in their Father's Life. And Katherine
was married to Hemy V. afterwards King of England, a mournful gage.'
of an. horrible confullon for this Realm.
Cent. 1 5;,.
Cent. 15. Of FRANCE. 1^7
Century XV.
CHi«r/ip/ VI. having called a Council at Paw to confult about'
the fchifm which then was in the Popedom, would not fuffer , ^^^ Mehr U-
the Arch-Bi(hopsand Bi(hopsof R^f/K^j-, Khoan,Sem^ Taris^ in°z\\'o.%nam^.
Beanvis, and feme others, to affift there , becaufe' they were Fl»ndtJeatum,-
Benedici''s partisans, by reafon of the great courteiles they had received
either from him or his predecefTour.
In a Decree made Febrttary 1 8. i ^06. we find a complaint by Charles^
VI. "they takeoccafxontoreferve the Firji-fruits in the vacancies^ ancL
to extort great jums of Money ^ whereby the Kingdom is exhaulled; and to'
thruji themfelves upon the Fopedom, for to enrich both them and theirs, •
And when there is any quefiion (faith he) of preferring men to derive'
dignities^ ihey never ufedthofe ways which ought to be obferved, and which "
are appointed to examine and try them. Whence it comes to pafs ^ that if-
being not poffible that the Tope ^ould k^torv all Men ^ and the Jiate of the'
Churches^ he admits divers into thofe dignities who are unworthy of them^ ■
and fometimes fuch as are unhttown to him but by their money. He ad- •
deth, T^hey infert divers claufes in their Bulls, which are fometimes ineX"-
tricable ; they make divers Rules befides the Law , or elfe quite againji^
Law^ which they revok^ at their pleafure •, infomuch that the moll clear- ■
fighted cannot difcern who hath bejl right among divers pretenders, ■
Hence arife infinite Suits in Law, which they muji profecute out of the ■
Kingdom with great expeuce and charges.
In another Decree, made the fame year , he accounts this among:
other extortions, Iw^o/z^g 7'enths, and other Subfidies at their pleafure,
rvithout ever confulting the rejl of the Bijlwps about it , in the raifing '
whereof there w no mean obferved either of Jujiice or equity : It was then
ordained, that none (hould pay Tythes to Popes nor Cardinals, J '
And in another Decree made in March, Anno 1408. mention is-
made of certain prefidents by Charles VI. eftabli(hed at a- Council at^
Varis.
Not long ago f faith ht) it WM propofed and demanded by ourAttor--
ney- General at a Council holden at Paris , confijiing of the Bifhops and'
Clergy, of the Churches within our Kingdom, andVaulphiny , where our '
Coufm Lewes, King of Sicily ■■, our eldefi Son Vuke of Aquiuin and Vi--
ennois i the Vuke of Bourges ourVnckJe by the Father'' s fide ■■, the VuJ^e ■
flf Burgundy.o«rCw(/?«, and the Vul^ 0/ Burbon our Vnckle by the
Mother''s>
158 %^t Ccclefiafltcai i^ifto?^ cent. if.
Mother^! fide, didprefide for us, that the Tape's exaUiom and other grie-
■ vances formerly rehearfed might be utterly abolished.
We read of another Decree made afterwards, wherein complaint is
^ ^ made by the fame King Charles VI. that an infinite deal of Gold and
Silver, and Rents were tranfported out of the Kingdom r.ad the Trovince
of Vaulphine, to the prejudice of the antient Cufloms, and the undoing of
the Realm ■, to the irreparable lofs and damage of the Common- wealth
and the miferable defolation of the Churches.^ as reeU fuch as mere of Roy-
al Foundation as others. And elfewherehe complaineth,T'W cfr/^f«
Colledors, and other the Tope of Rome's 0;^cer • particularly for hit Mo-
neys have of late opprejfed the Church and Church'tnen of our Realm and
Frovince of Vaulphine, by an inftifferable JIavery , in feizing npon the
■ Goods of the Bifhops and Clergy-men, both Regulars and Seculars, prefent-
ly upon their Veceafe; An EdicU was made difcharging the payment
of Annates.
Pope Z/'r^jj^ VI. being dead in Rome, after he had managed the
Popedom for eleven years, with little fatisfadion either to the people
or Clergy, the Cardinals created Boniface the ninth, in the 33.
year of his Age, who (hewed much prudence in the whole courfe
of his Papacy. He fate fourteen years, and nine months , and dyed
Annoii[o'^,
Gtiliei. Noubri. King Charles VI. beftirred himfelf to remove the fchifm which was
,%eai%, 1.4. ca. . [jg[yj,ggjj ]^ff}.fedi6} XIII. and Boniface IX. and to difpofeall the Princes
of Chriftendom for the fame defign, according to the Teftimony of
an Englijh Hillorian. He heard rvith patience (faith he) the Legates of
either Tope: but by the advice of his Divines he xpould t^otfubmit him-
felf neither to the one, nor to the other, tie rather thought on a means
whereby he might relieve the Church, by removing out of her all tnatter
of difj'ention. Having therefore fent his Ambajfadours to the "Emperoar^
asalfo to the Kings of England, Bohemia, and Hungary , he conjured
them not to be wanting to the publicly good and tranquillity. He perfwa-
ded Wenceflam tht Emperour to come to Rhemes , where a general
Council was held on that occafion.
I find another Ordinance of the fame King C^p<2r/^x VI. mide by
Scien'o^iiicln the counfel and affiftance of the Lords and Clergy of France , wherein
'Schifmat. p. 15. he faith. That the Royal power is ordained of God for the prefervation of
the Church, and that the Kingdom of Heaven increafeth by means of the
"Earthly Kingdom, when thofe which defiroy the Church are cruped by the
rigour ofTrinces. "that the f acred Canons will have recourfe to he made
unto Trinees , when fuch things are committed by great men in the
Church, and that according to the opinion of Holy Ve&ours the Tope
cught not to be obeyed in fuch things wherein the ftate of the Church ■ if
notorioufly dijlurbed. And in another Ordinance of April ly.j^TO,
Jhefe things being co?ifidered that it belongs unto us who are the Guardi-
an,
Cent. 1 5. Of FRANCE. 159
an Trote&or, and Defender of the Churches of our Kingdom , and of
T>aulphine, and who have ratified and approved the Statutes andOrdinan--
ees aforefaid, made in the Council afore faid^ to caufe aJi ihis^ and all that "
folloroeth upon it to be kept inviolable^ &c.
There is an Arrefl; of the Parliament of farU toward the latter end
of this King's Reign, wherein ic is faid , that Pope Benedict and his
Officers (hould frem thenceforth give over and abfiain from the ex-
adion of Annates in the Kingdom of Francs , and the County of
Vaulphine,
Thtizmt Charles V\. being excommunicated by BenediViihe XHI. \ ^^^^^, j^„;
put the bearers of his Bulls to the ^ Honourable /^wfWx, making them rahe : so they
to be carried in Tumbrels, apparelled in painted Coats, with paper ^^jg^j^'^^f„"^'^gp. .
Mitres upon their heads, and the" Pope's B.ull reprefented in their punilhment, •
handft, and his Arms reverfed. All which was done by the advice of
his Princes, Lords, and the Prelates and other Ecclefiafticks of his-
Kingdom, together with the Parliament and Univerlity of ?arii , as
apgeareth by the A(fls publifhed concerning this particular.
After the death of Pope BoKz/iJce IX. the Cardinals created Co/»zo and kiil Im^
Servants.
At length a peace is made betwixt the Daulphin and the BttrgundioH,
Anuoi^i^. but foon after theVaulphin caufeth John Duke of B«r-
^waiy to be murthered in his prefence. This^o/&«had flain Charier
U Duke of Orleans traiteroufly, and now he is treacheroufly flain by
\% Charles the Tyaulpbitt.
I' Thilip Son to John Duke of BurguHiy, ftirs up great troubles againft
|)! Charles the Daulphin in revenge of his Father'/ death. By his means
y X^^f/, an unkind Mother, makes War againft Charles her Son, and
f- peace with Hf^ry v« King of E«g/aU tve fay-
for theprefentof that foeafie a difpenfationasthey fpea!{^ of granted By
the Pope and the Prelates over lawful Oaths , reafonable Vovds , for the
exceffite plurality of Benefices, the general non obftantes of Councils, the'
privileges and exemptions againfi common right ? Who can number all the
Tvays wherehy the force of Eccleftafiical (yea of Evangelical) Vifcipline k
enfeebled,confumed, and quite annihilated?
He addeth the cunning and glazing flattery of Vp'flarts,rphifpering the
Clergy, but efpecially the Pope in the Ear. Oh how great U the height of
yourEcclefiojjiical power ! facred Clergy! all fecular Authority is but
a7oy in comparifon of thine, feeing that at aU power U given to Chriji^
both in Heaven and Earth, fo Chriji bath bequeathed all to St. Peter,
andhis Sttcceffours.
So that ConftantinegiJZ'e nothing to Pope Silvefter, which was not »rt-
ginally hit own\ but only rejioredunto him what he ut^uflly detained'
from him. Again, as there if no power but U efGod, fo there is nothtHg
Temporal or Spiritual, Imperial or Kegal, which is not of the Pope, upon
whofe thigh God hath Writ, King of Kings, and Lord Of Lords. 'S'a
at to difpute his power is a \^nd of Sacrilege. . ,'>
to whom no Man may fay, why do you fo? Although be fhould' ex-
change, purloin, or fell all the temporals', ihe Goods, Land's and Lordjhips
of the Church. Let me be a Lyar if altthefe things he not written by,
fuch as feem to be wife men in their eyes » and if they have not been be-
lieved alfo by fame Popes.
StephanHS Pafchafws in bis Icones hath thcle Verfes of Gerfdn..
';''■ . .' ■ ,' ' . ■■ "^- '^
^uid potuit Sorbona, doces meritiffime Gerfo i
tumagniGtiioluxque,decHfque Cbori..
At the fame time flourifhed 'Nicholas de Clemangiii, a Mafter of Pa*
rjf,and Arch- Deacon of Baion^z man pious and Learned, one calls
him one of the mod Learned and Eloquent Divines of his time. He
wrote a Book of the ruine and reparation of the Church. Of which I Ko. &*«'-
(hall fet down fome paffages in general terms. Firft, (faith he , let hs p»t. Eedef.
fpeak of the Hcadi upon whom all the reft depends. He afterWard's
addethj For the fupream Bilhops, who by how much they fee them-
fdves.
^4 %f^t msMUfbtt ^ i&lftOjp Gent, i^
fdves rank|ed above othfrf in greatpefs, and Authority, by fo' much
they labour the more to overthrow them, out of a domineering hu-
mour, for, tqeen^rging of their primary and fupreme power, confide-
fing that the commodities of the Biftopj ick of Kome^ which is very
l^rge, and above any KingdorpCthough it hath been fufficiently cur-
!l^ .ti;
J ,j,/jt|}rd by their negligence; can no way fuffice to maintain the great-
nels of their State, which they have purpofed to raife high enough
above all the Kings and .Emperours in the World, have caft them-
felves into thofe flocks of others that abound in breeding , in Wool
„, , and Milk. He afterwards fpecifies the loofenefs, the luxury, vanities,
lapfu&reparat. worldunels, rapines, vexations, ulurpations, oppreuions , and other
juftit. p. 10. {uch like.abufes and vices of the Popes and their Courts. In another
Book of his he (heweth, that the Court oiKome hathinfethe- fhop. of all fride^ of ai . 'tradiHg. ,. filchffJg and fiealing,
where the Sacraments, are httag otit for. tt (her^^ and aU^ tbf orders , even
the Triejihood it felf) rvhere favours are fold for filver , difpenfatiotu
for not f reaching, licenfes for mn'refidence: JFhere all Offices and Bene-
fices^ yea even fins are poiight and fild: LajHy, where Majjes, and Admi'
niflratlon of the Lord's ^ody are fet-t(ifale, JFould any Man have a
.y.t'^'^a }'. .-^ BiJJ^a^ick^? lei hinfprf^^idehii Moftey^ and that no fmall fum , hut a
-31 i* .^'UT ;t greatflne]foi!,ro'gr(ai,a Title z and lei himnot ftand upon emptying his
'purJelfhtthepjtrih^J^Qffmj^aT^^ tp^U quickly fii^ i* ^-
ga'inJdhd ih^imore tmndly't'ban he could do by many forts of Merchan-
dizf
Cqnt,.i5i- Of F R AN C E. 167
dine. ^'Vot^any defire a Trebend^ a Provoft^s place, or fome ether dignity ?
it is no mutter for knowing his defirts, his Lijfe and Converfation ; but (it
many Crorens as he hath in hU Cheji, fuch hopes may he conceive of com^
pajfing hU defire. For what (hould I fpeak^ of poor fclkj , tvbo are ac-
counted unprofitable in aH things, and ttnvforthy of all charge or govern-
ment, and a>ho have no other hopes but to rvax old, and pine away in mi-
fery d/frefpeCted and defpifed ? What fljould a poor Man go to Market
for.rvith an empty pouchy when he hath nothing to buy the Wares
with ? ■
' And in another place fpeaking of the Popes, he faith , Ihey have ar-
rogated unto themfelves the right of difpofing of all Churches, in all places
as far as the Chrijiian Religion reacheth, nfallBifhopirJckj andVignities^
which are conferred by eleifioK, voiding and difanulling the Decrees for-
merly made by the Holy Fathers, with fo much care and commodity , that
fe they may by this means fill their own Budgets the better. And fince
this cuftom was ufed, there have been none but Dunces, Worldlings , Mo'
ney-men, and fuch as were raifed to thofe Dignities by Simony. And a^
gain, To the end that the Rivers of Gold 'derived from all parts, may flora
unto them in a fuller ftream, they have tah^en away the power of prefenta-
tions, and the liberty of bej^owing and difpefing of Benefices, by any means
whatfoever, from all Diocefans , and lawful Fatrons, forbidding theni
upon pain of Anathema, rajhly to prefume (for fo their Writs run) to in'
Jiitute any perfon into a Benefice within their jurifdidion, till fuch time
as fome one be prefented to ity to whom by their Authority they have
granted it. i
And again Cfaith he) What greedinefs is this (fpeaking of the Car-
dinals) to hold fuch a number of repugnant and incompatible Benefices ?
ihey are Monks and Chanons, Regulars and Seculars. Vnder the fame
habit they enjoy the Rights, Degrees, Offices, and Benefices of all Religi*
ons, «f all Orders, of all Frofe^oHs i not two or three, but ten, twenty^
an hundredj two hundred, yea fometimes five hundred, and upwards:
and thofe no petty ones, nor contemptible, but of the be^i and fattefi. And
bow great a number foever they have of them , they are never content^
hut Hill would have mare. "They are daily fuing far new Graces^
new Grants, "thus they catch up all the Vacancies, and go away
vfithall. ■ -yi i ,
\ Charles Vll. now King of France, wasfo diftreffed, that he had only
two entire Provinces left him, wz. Cafcoign znd Languedoc , and his
enemies were about them ; and all the reft was poffefTed by the t,nglifl)^
who fbefides) had befieged the City of Or/M«/,and brought it fo that
pafs, that the higheft hopes of thofe therein , was to yield on good
terms. Three Freaei&Noble-inen conclude to fet up a Virgin, called
Joan of Arc, to naake her pretend that (he had a Revelation from Heai
ven, to drive all ihzSngU^ out of fmnce, .
By
1(58 ^e eccieftamcm !^ tfto?y cent. 15,
. By the mediation of the Lord of Baudricourt^ (he is brought to the
prefence of KmgCharler, v?hom (he inrtantly knew,though never feen
before, and at that time -otfetpurpofedifguifed. To the King (he
faith boldly. That this was the time wherein the fins of the E»glijh,
and the fuffcririgsof the French , were come to the height, and (he
appointed by the God of Heaven, to be the French Leader to conquer
the Englijh.
Ever after (he went in Man's deaths, being armed Cap-a-pe^ and
mounted on abravefteed. Nofword would pleafe her, but one ta-
Potid. Virgil in ^^" outof the Church of St. Katherine at Fireboit in tottraiH. Het
Htnr. 'vi.p.471. firlt fervicc was in twice vidlualling oi Orleans^ whilft the Englifh made
no refinance.
Under her condud, the French drive away the Ettglijh (lom Orhans.
Hence (he marched on into other Countries, which initantly revolted
to the French Crown. The Englijh in many skirmi(hes were wor(ted
and defeated with few numbers. The French following their blow in
one twelve- month recovered the greate(\ part of that the Englijh did
pofTefs. This was done, ^««o i42p.
But this Joan of Arc after the Coronation of King Charles at Khemet,
feeking to furprize St. Honories Ditch, near the City of St. Venis , (he
was not only wounded her felf, but alfo loft a Troop of her (\oute(t
Souldiers, and not long after, nigh the City of Compiegne , was taken
prifoner by the Baftard of Vendofme, who fold her to the Duke of Bed-
ford, and by him fhe was kept a prifoner a twelve-month, and burnt in
Rhoan, being condemned by the Englijh for a Witch.
■ The pragmaticTiSandionof King CW/fx VlL was made in a Sy-
nod aCfembled at Bourges, confiftingof Arch- Bi(hops, Bi(hops, Chap-
ters, Abbots, Deans, Provo(ts, and other Ecclefiaftical pecfons , toge-
ther with Dodors of Law, Divine and humane , And other Learned
Men of the Realm, and alfo of the chief Lords of France^ and others
of the "King's Council, about receiving the Councils of Confianee and
Bafii. The Sandion hath this complaint j The Prelates , and other
ordinary difpcnfers, as alfo the Patrons, are deprived of their right, the
Hierarchy of the Church is confounded, and many other things are
committed contrary to the Laws of God and Man, to the lofs of Souls
and the opprellion of the Churches of our Realm. The Council of
Bafil did provide a remedy again(t this abufe, and the pragmatick after
it, but fo as the Popes have caft off the yoke of it, having difanulled
almoft all the Decrees of thatCouncil.
The Popes for a long time branded all the French for Hereticks , by
«"pm"J^!li!'}: reafon of that pragmatick Sandion.
«p.}7. ' Pope lVf»r»j« V. dyed, ^«Ho 1431. whom E»gf««KJ IV. fuccedcd,
•who was depofed by the Council of Bafii, alTembled by himfelf to
reform the Church. Inthcplaceof .E»gew«j, the Council chofe A-
madeus
Cetit.ii. Of F R A N C E, 169
madeus Dakeoi Savay^ wlip called himfelf Felix. But E»ge»iuf
brought againft Bafil the Vaulphin of France, who was afterward Letvef
Xl.'whoinall things oppofcd his Father Charles Wl. and his confe*
derates. He brought tour thoufand horfe againft Bafil to break the
Council ■■> which yet he could not have effected, had not the peftilence
within Bafil, forced the Fathers of the Council to feparatethemfelves,
after they had condennned Eugenim as an Heretick, and unworthy to
govern the Church.
But Eugemui took Arms, and being held up by Princes , maintained
himfelf againft the Anti-PopeFe/w, who after he had been five years
Pope, retired to Kipaile, a pleafant houfe in Savoy, there to lead a pri-
vate Life. So the Popedom remained in the hands of a Man depo-
fed by a Council aflembled by the Pope himfelf, where Biftiops met
out of all parts of the B-oman Church. Note, that after this depofiti-
on, he created many Cardinals and Biftiops, whofe Office was null,
fi nee they were created by an Ufurper, who had by force maintained
himfelf in the Office of a Pope after his depofition. And yet thofe
very Cardinals, created by thisUfurper of the Popedom,are thdfe very
men that eleded the SuccelTours oi Eugenm, Nicholas, and Piw the
fecond, from whom is defcended the fuccellionof the Popes of our
time, as the learned Dr. Da-Mo«/mhath well obferved.
The Arch-Biftiopof LyoKs in the Council of Baftl did declare, that
in the time of Pope Martin, there came out of France to the Court of ^g^a^f """^
Kowe,nine millions of Gold, which was gathered of the Biftiops and
Prelates, befides innumerable fums of the poor Clergy, which daily
without number ran unto the Court of Kome, carrying with them
all their whole fubftance. The Arch-Biftiop of turenne faid alfo at
Bafil, that three millions of Gold came unto Kome in his time , within
the (pace of fourteen years, from the Prelates and prelacies , whereof
no account could be made.befiJes the poor Clergy, which daily ran to
that Court.
The Emperour Sigifmund required ?eter de AUaco, Chancellour of
P»- by
ike: common cries of the la<^ General Councils ■^fjthich Cotiri of hU if be.-
sitbetr
Cent. 15. 0f FRANCE. 171
either cannot or mUnot reform^ which be covers under his Wing^ how is
it credihle that he Jhottld reform the Churchy which is of fo large an exr '
tent ? Befides, it may beobjeded to him, Al>ply the falve to your own '
fores jirjias beingthe Heads for when that U cured ^ yon may with left
difftcuhy cure the Members ', wherefore Phyfician heal thy felf Vnfa- .
voury fait is not good for feafoning. Wherefore ( by the juji judgement
of God) his Decrees are fcarce well received yet, Hor ever will be till he
have reformed him felf and his Dependents, And verily I think^the chief
eaufe of the defgrmation in the Church is the wound in the Head , which
hath need to be cured in the firfi pi tee.
And anon after, Wherefore it feemeth to me an incredible things that
the Catholick^ Church (fjould be reformed, unlefs firfi the Court of Rome
be fo, but as the World goesnoa>,we may fee what an hard thing that
is. ihofe who have the Frefdency in Councils on the Papers behalf, when
they fee that matters in the Council make againji their Mafters and them^
■what can be expeUed from them, but that they wili withfta?id the Decrees
of fttch Councils with might and main, either by dijjolving them, or fowing
dijfentiont in them j and fo the thing Jhall remain unperfeded, and we dri'
ven to return to the eld Wildernefi of Errour and Ignorance: Every body
knows thU to be true, unlefs it be fame one haply who is not experienced
in time pafl. Ihe 'tragedy which was aUedin our Age at the Council of
BzCil doth fuffciently prove it^ as they kyew well who have laid down the
^ory before our eyes.
At this time flouriftied the P<»«ormiM« Abbot, the moft famous of
all the Canonifts. In the Council of Bafil forenamed, Amadeus, Arch-
Bifliop of LyoWjand Primate of all frame, a Man of great Authori-
ty, being toucht with the zeal of Faith, which he faw there to be fup-
prefTed, faid, Moji Reverend Fathers, Ida fee here a new fort of Prelates
come in, which unto this prefent have k^pt flence, and now begin to Jpeal{.
Is not this liks to a Miracle ? I would to God they came, to defend the truth ^
and not to impugn Juljice.
The Cardinal of Aries required that the Concordat of the twelve
men (hould be read j and many whifpered him in the Ear that he
ftipuld go forward. Then Pamrmitan as foon as the Concordat began
to be read, rifing up with his companions' and other Arragons , tryed
cut with a loud voice, faying : Tnu fathers do contemn our Kequefls^
you contemn Kings and Princes and defpife Prelates. It vs not for you to
conclude : We are the major part of the Prelates , we make the Council^
and it is our part tb conclude. And I in the Name of all other Prelates
do conclude that is to be deferred. Then there was fuch a rumour in
theCouncil, as is wont to be in Battles with the found of Trumpets,
and noife of Horfemen, when two Armies joyn i fome curfing that
which Panormitanvitnt about, others allowing the fame.
Then Nicholas Amici, a Divine of Paris, faid > Pamrmitan , I ap- ■
Z 2 peal
172 ^iJe ccrteftatttcal ^x^oit Cent. 15
peal from this your conclufion to the judgement of the Council here"-
prefent i neither do I affirm any thing to be ratified which you have
done, as I am ready to prove, if it (hall feem good. Many grave and
Antient men exhorted Ptf«3r/?»>«« minded to alter- his intent and
purpofe.
TheH 'fhomasKhedoH^ a French Carmelite,: was a famous Preacher :
■ he preached in E«g/e Benefice mthin our faid Kingdom, and Daulphine, it
concerns us much, that the Bijhopric^', Abbeys and other Dignities, and e-
leHive benefices, be furKijhedmthableandJ^ion>M Men^fucb.as reill com'
flyi»ithus,andbefirm'anifufeforjis', 'efpecialty Jttch as hold the faid
Benefices, and by reafon of thein divers f laces and Fortrejfes , for which
dhieri duties and fervic'es 'belong unto us from them : Jet mtrvithftanding
our late pious Father granted the faid favour and Patents fo plentifully,
. andto all maHner ofj.ofonsof what Nation Kingdom, or KeligioH feever
th'ey'rvere,without'diifin&idp\ thai' manv under JhadoTV and pretence of.
thefe Licences and? ate Afs, have inffmaWd and intruded themfehes into .
the ' faid Dignities , and eleUive Benefices of our faid Kingdom , and do
hold them ; Howbeit many of them are Strangers unh^arvn , and mt
, to be trajledbyus ; and fuch as neither can nor ought to perform tbofe
"Duties arid Services, which they are bojtnd to do HHto why reafon of the
fdidBenef&es. " ' 'c'-. ■ . '
In this' Century fiouri(hed S*e/'i&e« Pafquier , a learrttd Yrench'tnatt,
cfcStfcJ ^ notable moral Philofopher, a Man well skilled in the GTee\_ and Latin
biioa, ' 'fongues, and in all the liberal Sciences. He hath publiftied alfo Icones, -
Epigrams, and Epitaphs, and feveral other works. He hath writ-
terr ah excellent Treatife in Fr^Kc^, ftiled , La Recherche, de^ la ■_
France. ' " . \ ■
After the death of Pope Nicholas V. which happned in the year,
4455. the Cardinals entring into the conclave made four fadions , e-
leven of tliem pretending to the Papacy themfelves , and yet there
were but XV. for any one. After this there began ftrong praho oppofedit with Jo much holdnefs I h the Church of Rome fo poor
Cent. iS' Of F R AN C E: ] _!>$
' '. -..' ■. '-i ' -■ '' ■ ■ — '— , ■' ' 'i ■ ;.': ,■.;! /;; m '
e»d indigent, that there cannot be one perfon found ont reho rpqs horn }«
her bofom^andis worthy ff the Government of ihefloel^ of Chri^? What
tpillthereflof the }Iations fay^ to fee us go up and down begging ottr
Topes of this CoHVtrey^ and of that? Kouz^ up your felves mp(i noble
Companions^ and permit- not a thing fo fcandalous inthe Qhurch of ChriJ^,
lam fare of this, lie whichis a friend toChriliianity,^ xfill mtt^.give \it
voice for fuch a Pope^ ; . • i , ,. ,. r
Thefe words being fpoken with great energy, had fuch an effetit
upon the Cardinals, that they chofe Cardinal Alphonfo Borgia , of the
Gity of Valenzz in Spain, who took the name of Calixtus 111.
He lived three years, and.dyed A,ugufi6.iti^<^%. and on the 20*^- of
the fame Month, Cardinal Mneas Ficcolemihi of Siena , was created
Pope by 18. Cardinals which were prefent in the conclave, in whic}i
there nrere but two competitors for the Papacy, viz. Cardinal Kotgma^
genfu and JEneas aforefaid :' fo that for the four days time in which it ;
was debated, in the conclave, they had no other difficulty but tp make
choice of the one or the other of thefe two. •,, , i ...-, ,;!om j oa
It was ftracge tG;fee each of thefe two perfons driving on hisiovyn'-
pr6mption, magnifying.his own virtues, and debafing the qualificati*
onsof his Adverfary. , v
Kotomagen^is in this manner went from one Cardinal to anotheif,'-
faying; what have ye to do with JEneas ? How can ye think him vfoxr
thy of the Papacy ? What paffion blinds you, fo as to confer an office
of that import upon a gouty Beggar ? where is his Knowledge?
Where is hi^s Learning? Will ye make him a Pqpebfcaufe he is a Poet^ •
It is n-ot long (Tnce he came out of Germany ■■% and may he not be like/-
Jy to transfer the See into Germany > Ifhould not- have ambition'd it^ .
had I not feen a perfon (land for it of much weaker parts than my felf.
BteGdeSj.Iani the Ancienter Cardinal of the two. , And I beliejVeyou •
think I have parts afld Leay;iin^ enough to goyerii the ;Church , of
fihrift. MorcibVer, I am of Royal extraSion, and^have wealth, friend^,
and faculties wherewithall to.accommodate and alleviate the neceffitie? ■
, of the Church "..and upon my Eledion , the many Benefices I hold :
will be divided among you. , ;; j , , . ^ _^,, -
:.: 'X\ii£.ZiAmd,\Qi: Avignon f^x^cd. f)nc Jntereft of, WMam f^otonta'
^fis-^xiotib much aSije wasa Fi'''»c^-»''»«»;a.^bcca^fGiij?qn the prp?
nibrion the Cliurch of the faid Wi^iam, be hpped^ with his Palace and
Chancery would fall to him. .He aiTembled therefore certain Cardi-
nals in an houfe of lOifite, as ip a fecret place in the night, and agreed
with thcrri about ; the way, how JVilliam {hould be chofen.
The Cardinal of Bologna .^ifcovered the bufinefs tp Mnear after
nridnight. >.;. i.i ]>i enemy to your Nation? Know that the
Chancellourfhip which ispromifed to you, is promifed likewife , and
confirmed to the Cardinal oi Avignon: and can you think that a
French Pope will do more for a Spaniard^ than for one of his own Na-
tion. --But Roderigo Borgia gave' him not a word.
Sb-:/E«Mj- departing found out the Cardinal of Pavia, who was one
■of the confpirators like wife, and accolkd him in this manner. I hear
you refolve to choofe Rotomsgenfu Pope : you ought to be alhamed to
degenerate fo much from Ciiiim\ Brando your Uncle , who with fo
-much labour and fw eat tyred himfelf out , to traftsfer the Pontifical
court from Germany to Rome : and you that are his Nephew would
tranfport it from Italy into France. Surely Ratomageafis will never give
the Italians t\\t precedence before the French^ and yet you an Italian
will confederate fooner with franco than with your own Couh-_
trey. - Can you have the heart to fee your felf a flave to the French^
wheji it is in your power to make the French obedient to our
Nation?- ■ - ■ '•■':- ''■'> ■■ ■-'■ •■.zqi\.-
Cardinal P^z'z-* replyed, that he 'did hot believe that the frettekhid
iany thoughts againft the profit of the Church, they having given with
fo much generofity moftof the Provinces it polTeffed, and they would
not probably take away that which they had fo lately given. To which
^«erf/ replyed thus. ■.-•: r< 'r . ^
But fuppofe that (hould be, ought it riot to ftir up youi: heart, againft
l^otomagenjtf'^to confiderthe infatriy of his manners, who is given to
all lafcivioufnels. You have often told me, you would fooner dyS,
than give your voice for Kotomagenfu. What is the reafon of fo
great a change ? Is he in the twinkling of an eye become an Angel of,
a Devil ? Or are you become a Devil of an Angel > ^ -^ : 'IA"
Favia was aftoniihed at theie words, and wept, replying , AH that
you fay JEneas is true : But I have paft my word to make Kotomagenfis
Pope, and if I do not, I thall be held infamous, and a Txaytor. To
which Mneas anfwered. Things ftand fo, that which way foever you
turn you, you cannot avoid the blemifli of a Traytor : It is in your
power whether you will betray Italy and your Countreyj or betray him,
and be faithful to your Countrey and Ita/y.
.With thefe words favia was overcome , and refolves to betray
Kotogamenfis, Then meeting with Cardinal P/rtrayi Santa Maria
nova
Centaf. Of NC £. i^y
nova.^ and other Itir//«« Cardinals »», uis Cardinal of Genoa's chamber,
they all refolved to prefer JEneas before any body elfe,
JLatomagenfis fearing things would not happen as he expeded/ecing
.^Wijj-going toward the Schedule, he faid to him with an humble
voice, i'neas, I recommend my felf to thee : remember me I befeech
ihee^ and have compafjion on me. JEneas anfwered him only thus,
Voor Worm, thou mifiak^ft in recommending thy felf to me. The Scruti-
ny being publi(hed, it appeared, that JEneas had three voices more
than Kotomagenfjs, but they could not obtain their two thirds, this.a-
ftonifhed the French Cardinals.
The Cardinals Koderigo and Santa Anaflafia declared JEneas with a ^
loud voice, which Cardinal frofper Colsnnaohkxw'm^^ being ambitious
to have the honour of making the Pope f forasmuch as theie wanted
■ but one voice) arofe, took his way toward JE.ne^s^ and though he was
reftrained by Cardinal IV/c^wo, and Kotomagenfts he cryed aloud,! joyn
my felf to Cardinal ^Wi:J/,and do make him Pope.This being heard by
the reft of the Cardinals, they all threw thcmfelve^down ai Jj:'.neas''s
Feet, faluted him Pope, and con hrmed the ekdion afterwaids with
the ufual fuffrages. Then Cardinal Bfj[['hich
our Court, the Tdgkts and Liberties of the Church of France, rphereof we
are the Guardian and TroteUor, are Iprejerved.
And far this reafon our faid Court doth conjjjl in part of Counfellour s
and Officers, which are Clergy-men, andEcclefialiicalFerfons. And in >
cinflderation of the great, and laudable fervices of the faid ChanceHonr,
Frefidents, Mafiers of Kequejls^ CounfeJlors, Kegijkrs, Notaries , Advo'
■cates and Attorney, they or others by their nomination, hy means of theJn"
urceffion of our VredecejJ'ors to the Prelates, and other Patrons and eon-
f errors. of Benefices, have been preferred unto , and generally provided of
■ Sbarcb- Livings-, which the faid Prelates^ or others the Patrons, or bejtorv-
Cent. 15. Of F R A N C E. vi^p
ers of the fame^ have freely conferred upon them^ or have prefented them
unto the faid Patrons in favour and confideration of~us^ and their orvn
great and commendable fervices as aforefaid. Which faid Chancellour^
Prefident, Majler of Requefis^ &c. fmceoHr coming to the Crotvn^ nor a
long time before^ have not had any fuch preferment upon our entreaty and
reqtieft to the faid Prelates-, Patrons, and Collatottrs, as they were went to
have. And for this Keafon the faid Court hath with our leave and Li-
cence^ made a certain KoV^ wherein every one of them are prefented and
nominated., or have prefented and nominated others in their jiead^ each one ■
to fame other preferment belonging to you, or other the Collators and
Patrons of the Benefices of our faid Realm.
And whereas our Irujly and Welbeloved Counfel'our, Mr. -iSerman
Charterer, hath nominated his Son unto one of your Collations., and pre-
fentations, JVe intreat and require you, to give, prefent, and bejiow upon
the faid Mr. German Chartelier, the firfl Benefice thatjhall be void with-
in vour Vifpofal, Collation, or Prefentation, as our faid ConnfeHour Jhall
require, or caitfe you to be required thereunto , hoping that you will not
make any denyal of this our Request, which is mo\l juji and reafenable, hut
will obey it : efpecially confidering, that our faid Chancellour , Prefidents
MajiersofRequelis, Sec. are employed daily, and in continual trouble a-
bout the maintenance and defence of the Rights and priviledges of the
Churches of our faid Realm , and the adminifiration of Juji ice to exr
faid Subje&s : fignifying unto you, that yon jhall herein do us fuch an
acceptable favour, as nothing more, by means whereof we take you and
your affairs into fpecial recommendation. Given at Mafcon , Augu{l \ %'.
in the fixth year of our Reign, thus fubfcribed. By the King, in the
prefence of my Lord Cardinal D' Amboife Lcgat in l^ance , and .
others. Rohertet. Sealed with yellow Wax, with the King's broad
Seal.
There is in the fame Book an exemplification of the privy Letters,
which the Court of Parliament writ to the Prelates about thefe no-
minations, the Tenour whereof is this.
Reverend father in Cod, We fend greeting to you,
It hath pleafed the King to grant unto the Pref dents, Counfellours and
other Officers of this Court, his Letters and nomination to fame Benefices,
which are in the hands of fame CoUatours and Patrons of this Kealm,-
and among others to our Brother , fuch a Counfellour of our faid Sove-'
raign in this Court, to the Benefices which are in your gift and difpofal.
Wherefore we earnejily befeech you, that in obedience to the faid Letters^
and in consideration of thedeferts of our faid Brother, you would befiow
upon him the firji Benefice that falls in your gift, being by himrequired
A a 2 there-
iSo ^fle Ccclefiagtcal i^tgo?y ccnt. i^.
thereunto. And in fo doing you (hall do us a tnoji acceptable courtefie-
for which we (hall takf your affairs into [fecial Recommendatim. Re-
verend Father in Cod, rve hefeech the bitted Sen of Ci>d to- grant you your
defire. Written at Tarvs in tlie Parliament, under the Seal thereof
Septemb.y. T'be Men celehratingthe Parliament. And this Annetation
is written in the Margin. Antiquititj fiebant aliter.
vpyea le recueil The faid King Lw^j- Xl. in an Ordinance of January 8. 1475.
Du Fontan. les makes this Narration. When any ^e\]ioyts or differences come upon
fe"w°4.Ti't" »^> ''^ ^^^^ concerning the ftate of the Church of our Kingdom^ as other
2.«p, I.,. our affairs, tve that ought to have recourfe to them, cannot be ajjijied, aid-
ed, or advifed therein by reafon of their abfence, where we and the- Com-
mon-wealth are oftentimes much intereffed.
Then after this lie ordains in this manner^
We WiH, Ordain, and declare by thefe Prefents, that all Arch.i'BijhgpT^
Bijhops, Abbots, Prelates, and others,that hold any Dignities within our
Kingdom, and do refide out of the bounds thereof and out of our Obedi-
ence: Do Eeturn and Repair within five months after the publication of
thefe Prefents, unto their Benefices within our fald Realm , or unto fome.
one of them if they have any more, and there ma}^ continual Refidence^
there to celehrate and continue divine Service as belongs unto them , and.
as they are bouiid to do. As alfo to the end that they may ferve and ajfiji
tts in our Councils, and otherwife to the behoof of us , and the Common-,
wealth of our faid Kingdom whenneed fliall be. And this upon pain of
being deprived of the Xemporals of their /aid Benefices,
_,.,,, . KineLeo'afallin^ into a long and and grievous ficknefs.eave much-
Alfns : andin the Chuich ot Si. jehnBaptiji m Paris, he rounded,
certain Prieftstofing Maffes for him perpetually, for whofe mainte-s
nance he gave of yearly Rent a thoufand pounds of Paris Money : So
he remained, in a languiOiing • condition three, years before . he .
dyed.
He dyed Augujli^o. 1483. and his Son, Charles VIII, fucceeded him,
in the Kingdom, C7;'«!-/if J being crowned at Kbemes, was from thence
with pomp brought to ?««>. A general Parliament was held at
Tours, where the Pragmatick^ Santiion was reftored to ufc it as they
had accuftomed.
In the year, 1494.. this King Charles VIII- carried an Army .of
fifty thoufand. of Foot and Horfe out of Frjw? into Italy, and in
two months fpacc, he became Lord of the whole Kingdom of Na-
ples, except fome little Towns on theSea-Jide, which held for King
Ferdinand.
The Pope feeing the fuccefs of King Charles, makes a League with
t^e.Epperour Maximilian^ and iht Venetians. Into this League alfq
entrcd
Cent. 15- Of FRANCE. *^* _
entxed Lervet Duke of Milan, notwithftanding that by his procure-
ment King Churles took cccalion to come into Italy. King Charles
having Intelligence of this League, refolves to leave fuch forces in the
Kingdom of Naples ^zi might be fufficient for the defence thereof, and
with the reft of his Army to return into frame \ and marching to-
ward Rc/w^, he gave the Pope tounderftand, that he came to do his
duty to his Holinefs. Pope Alexander not daring to abide his coming-
departed from. Kome, wherein, and in other of the Pope's Towns, the
King's Troops did much harm.
The FrMc^ King departing from Rowe, continueth his journey to-
ward Frayice. Coming near to Tarma , pafling the River "tarro^ he
met a great Army of his Enemies, whereof Fr<««rM GoHzaga, Marquefs -
of Mantua was General, with whom tbey came to a Battle, in which
there dyed a thoufand Men of both fides, Anno 14^5. But after-
feme Treaties between the two Armies, the French in a night went
toward Afie^ where the King remained certain days, and a Peace was ■
concluded between him and the Duke of Mi/<*7ii and Lewes Duke of
Or/ea«x rendring Novarra, King C&jr/fx returned into France, and Fer*
dinand King of Naples recovered that Kingdom.
Concerning theabufes of the Court of Kome, among the Statute*
of this King Charles Will. I find in a Statute of February 18. I4p5.
this complaint. " Some years ago the Popes of Rome, in defpight and'
" contempt of the Decrees of Antient Fathers and General Councils,
" have brought all EcclefiaRical Dignities, Cathedral and Collegiate
" under their difpofal, and all other of greateft value next after Ei-coum:*T?Uent!
"(hopricks : they have granted Livings in reverfions upon the Vacan- ''• »•«.«• -
"" cy to any that would fue for them* which hath been the occafioa.
"for one to thirft after the death of another. They have invented ■
''abundance of tricks , whereby they have utterly annihilated the ■•
"power and Authority of the . Bilbops , Chapters and Colledges;
" infomuch that there isnone now , that hath the power to prelenr
" to a living.
In the Year, 1 498 . King Charles VHI. dyed of an Apoplexy at Am-'
bmfe. In him failed the dired: Line of the Kings of France , defcen-
ded from Fhilip of Valois, and the Crown fell to the collateral Line, of
the which the neareft Prince of the Blood was Lewes Duke of Orleans
and Valois, who fucceedcd in the Kingdom of France. He was an-
excellent Prince, of a liberal Nature, affable, temperate, and of great'
moderation, and was happy in his Reign. Who fubdued under his •
obedience, Milan, with Low^jr^^, and Gf«(?<» with her two Rivers;
Eaft and Weft, together with thelilands of Corfica and Chio , re--
conquered and divided the Realm of Naples-, with the King of'
Spain , but in the end loft it by his Treachery , fupprefted the
Pope's hifokncy 5 and dukaed thi Venftians. He. was -crowned-
1 8 2 5:^0 ettMMitai l^lilO?^ cent. 1 6,
in the Atbey ot Saint Te^JJ in France , on the firft of July
following, and on the next day made his triumphant entry
into P-*w.
Century XV
L
E?»w XII. after he had worthilf performed the Funerals of his
Predeceffour, he firft purchafed the love of the Noble-men of
his Court, maintaining every man in his State and Dignity,
and the Magiftr^tes in their Office. He fought to- cut off the
tedioufnefs of Suits i he freed his Subjeds from the third part of the
Subfidies which opprefTed them : he put the Men at Arms into Garri-
fons, reducing them to the Antient Difcipline of War. He made ma-
ny good Laws againft the abufive charges in the purfuit of Juftice :
neither did he ever publifli any Edidt before it was . confirmed by the
Judgement of Soveraign Courts*
T5e Serres Hift. His Decrees contained fome limitation of the priviledges granted in
in^vu. Ludovici. q]^ ^Jj^^ j.^ Univerfities, the which they abufed to the oppreffion of
the people. Thellniverficy of Pi?m oppofeth againft the publicati-
on thereof, and many infamous Libels were publiftied againft the King
and the Chancellour of Roc^f/orf. The Scholars flock together, re-
folving to abandon both ftudy and the exercife of Learning. Johtt
Cave being Reitor , forbids the Regents to read any more, and the
Preachers to preach, until the Univerfity had recovered her Antient
priviledges. The King hereupon draws many Men at Arms into
P<«w, and in Parliament confirms the abovenamed ordinances by an
Edid.
The Redor fearing a check, keeps all the Scholars within their
Lodgings, and revokes the commandement he had given. Jo^f^
StandoH, a Dodor of Divinity, one of the chief of the Fadioti , was
banifhed the Realm. .Ihomas Jf^a^net oi C ambr ay (vi/ho'm 'preaching
had railed againft the King's Authority) banifhed himfelf. AH things
being thu^tUled^Lems takes upoH him the Title of Duke of Milan.
" - - He
Cent. i6. Of F R A N C E. 183
— — ^
Heputs away yoj*-/fj-.
Our Ladies Bridge at Farh fell , threefcore houfes were ruined
with it, and a great number of pcrfons were fwallowed up in the
River.
As touching the priviledges of the Kings of France^we find, when
the Parliament of Par/> gave their opinion, and all the Chambers met
together'about receiving the Cardinal of /^w^.i/Ze , and the qualiiicati-
ons that fhould be put to his faculties (which was on Vecemb. n,.
1501.} t'le Lawsof theLand and theLibertiesof the G<:i///m« Church
were reprefented at large, among which this was one , That the King ,
of France cannot be excommunicated , that his Kingdom can-
not be put under an Interdidl , as is colleded out of the Antient
Regiflcrs. .
In the beginning of this Century , Mr. John le Maire one of the
Frwc/^Hiftorians wrote his Book of Schifm, and therein gives us to
underliand, that there were endeavours then for the Retortration of
the Church. Every good Chriftian f faith he) ought to pray to God, .
that the two laft Councils of the Galliean Church, may engender one
great, llniverfal, and general Council of all the Latin Church , to re-
form that Church, as well in the Head as the Members •, fo as the ge-
neral Councils ufe to do. And that if it be not kept at Lyons, if may
be kept in feme other place moft expedient ajnd neceffary for the pub-
lick good : which may be very well done at, this prefent, confidering
thegreatpeace, amity and union which is betwixt the two greatelt
Potentates in Chriftendom, the Emperour and the King, together with
a third confederate in the Leagiie , the Catholick King Ferdinand of
Arragoii^ who ought altogether to reform the abufes of the Church of
'Rome. 'Which Reformation muft of neceility be made.
■ Thiis h'efpeaks of the aforementioned Fragmatick^ San&ion, Foras-
much (faith hej as the Pope's are not content, that the Fragmatick^
SanCi'mt htm force, although it be founded upon the Holy Canons, J-^ M^jre ^",.18:
and Authorized by the Council of Bafil^ but it derogates from the fer^de'fchirmes! "
unfatiablecovetoufnefs of theCourt of Kowe, therefore they fay it is
a pure Herefie. •
In the time of this King Lewes XII. lived Robert Ga^win, who
wrote the Fre«c^ Hiftory. Er^/?>«« his intimate Friend, calls him a
hnoft difcreet Hiftoriographer ; he compares him to «?.*/«// and Livy, An' erti Mitoei
for purity of fpeechand compofition of his Hiftory. He was alfo a EioE.Beig. .
good Poet, and an excellent Oratour,and a Man well skilled in all po*
lite Learning. He w&s fent AmbalTadour by the King of France in-
to England, ^''»()'> 3"^ Germany.
About this time fiouriflied Jacobus Faher, skilled in all- Learning,
and clpecially in Divinity, Farel and Calvin wexc his Scholars. J"/:'-^*"'-'^*'*""'
Sleidan
_ '^4 %t^t eccleftatfttca l i^tftO?^ Cent. 16.
Sleidan faith, he fufFered great perfecution for the truth , from the
Matters at Prfw.
He was very low, of a modeft countenance, and a fweetdifpofition
his mind wholiy eftranged from al! injuftice. I find him thus cha-
rad'erized. Celeberrimus noftri fecnli Fhilofophuf, Belg, quinimo & to-
iius Gdlli£ uMum deem. Pnimmapud Gallot (ut Ckcioapud-RomznosJ
VhilofophiamrHdem& impolitamatm ehquentia'-junxit, E/f in dicendo
fublimis^ in fententiis gravis^ inattentione exquifitus^ in compofitione'di-
ligens accuriofrts.T'rithem.deViris.IllMjirih.
JodocTji Clichtovepcs, a nioft learned Man of Taris , was contempo-
jrary with Jacobus Faber.
'Ije Serr« Hift. King Lejve/ and the EUnperour being at Variance, a Treaty was a-
: in vit. mdov. greed on, and for this Treaty the Cardinal of ^«i^fl?ye, Lieutenant-
^^' General for his Majefty at Milm. went to the Emperour to trent^
where firft they Treated of the marriage of Ci&^r/^j the eldeft Son to
the Arch-Duke Fhilip oi^ Jnftria,\vhhClaude, the only Daughter of
herpes XII. then about the calling a General Council to reform the
Church, not only in the members, but even in the Head doubtlefs
there is fmill affurance in the friendfhip of Princes J who thirft after
nothing but their own greatnefs.
Moreover,feldom (hall we fee any thing fucceed well with them,
who have coloured their pailions with the name of the Church , and
the Reformation thereof, which they did not really intend. And"
likewife all tlie malitious p'radlices, and School-tricks of a Cardinal,
Cwhofe ambitious fpirit gaped after the Popedom^ what could they
produce but fmoak for France^ and combuftion for Italy >
The Arch- Duke PAi///) with his Wife, Daughter to Ferdiita»d King
of ArragoM, and Ifabel Queen of Caliile, paffed through Taris Novemb.
25. and from thence to B/w, where the King and Queen remained,
where they concluded the marriage of their children. But Man pitrpo.
feth, and God difpofetb.
The Duke of Milan was foon after made Prifoner by the Treachery
of thtSHijJers; Cardinal ^Z^'^"'"''' leaves iVf//i/« abandoned , but he is
betraid, and led prifoBcr toFmcf: but the Fr^acfe King fent for him
to Ff«icf, and not only theperfon of the Cardinal was delivered to
him, but alfo all thofc of Milan that were taken with him. The
City of Milan, which had revolted from the French, fent fpeedy Am-
balTadours to the CardinalD' Amboife to folicit for pardon. He re-
ceived them into grace, and pardoned the Rebellion in the name of the
King, but under this bond, to pay three hundred thoufand Ehicats, of
the which the King afterwards difcharged them in a great part. He
pardoned alfo other Towns that had rebelled , which he taxed ac-
cording to their Quality, making the Vidory profitable, and the tranf-
grellions of the Offenders an increafe of the King's Treafure.
liudovi'
CenM<5. Of FRANCE. 585
Luddvkus Sforza Dake o( Mi/.i« was carried to Lyons ^ where the
King was at that time : and entring the Town at noon-day, multi- cmcciardin's
tudes of people flocked to fee a Prince who from fuch greatucfs and '' '*'
Majefty was fallen into fo great a mifery. And not obtaining leave
to be brought into the King's prefence, which he much delired, he
was conveyed within two days after to the Tower of Loches^ wherein
he remained prifoner ten years, even to the end of his Life. The Car-
dinal 4/c:e. And to keep the King's forces quiet, he colourably
gave ear to apeace. which the Bifhopof livoli his Nuncio , and the
King of 5'co/J- AmbalTadour treated for him with the King, and the
Cardinals of Nantes ani Sfr'igonium with the Pope.
But y«/"w having been fick , and being freed from the fears of
death, he makes a new League with the Senate of Venice , and the
King of Arragon againft the French ; to maintain fas he faid ) the union
^ of the Church, to defend it from apparent Schifm, and to recover all
fuch places as depended either mediately or, immediately upon the
church.
The firft day of September being come, the Cardinals Attorneys in
their names do celebrate the AcSs appertaining to the opening of the
Council at Tifj.
The Pope being wroth, declared Florence and P//i fubjed to the
Ecclefiaflical cenfure, by vertue of the Bull of the Council which he
had caufed tobepublinied : and he pronounced the aboveaaraed Car-^
dinals void of the Dignity of Cardinals, and fubjedi to the puniftiments
of Hereticks and Schifmaticks.
The Florentines and Pifans appeal from this curfe to the Holy
Council of the Univerfaj Church. At the iirft Seffion the Cardinals
call the Clergy to alhft in the Cathedral Church : but not one appear-
eth : the Priefts deny their Ornaments to the Cardinals offering to ce-
lebrate the Mafs, and fnut the Church doors i fo that the Cardinals
fearing they ihould not remain fafe in Tifa^ decreed to have the Coun-
cil tranfported to Milan.
They found the like difficulties at Milan. The Clergy abftain from
faying Service, as before accurfed perfons ; the Commons curfe them
and openly deride then), efpecially the Cardinal of St. . Crflix , chofen
Prefident of the Council.This dealing of the Mdanois., made them to
tranfport the Council to Lyons^ where Juliin was fufpendcd trom his .
Popedom : and prohibitions were made throughout all France.^ not to
fend any Money to Kowze, nor to bring any Bulls from thence. Here-
upon Pope y«//;« did not only excommunicate all tie French.^ butal-
fo granted Bulls of pardon to any one that fhould kill a ^rench-maK,
giving.the Realm of France.^ and that of Navarr fin hatred of Johno£
Albret^ allyed to the King, and at the perfwafionof Ferdinand King of .
Arragon) in prey to the iirft con^uerour. .
Btlt:
Cen tig. Of FRANCE. i89
But King Lftves XII. beat the Pope in a Battle near Kavenaa^
which beating wrought this effc(fl,that the King was fued to, and re- ^'^^6^1?^-°;'"
ceived with as many fpiritual graces as he was pleafed to have, and the Lewes xii. (bU ■
Kingdom of France was reconciled unto his Holinefs. But foon af- '3-^*'"''55-
ter by Treachery the French King lofeth the . whole Eftate of Mila>t,
Maximilian^ Grand- child to Leiwex Sforza , is refiored , and named
Duke of S/r/^«. And tiavar is uflirped by the King of AnagoH. Pope
Juliuf dyeth, February 2 r. Anno I 5 1 5. and John Cardinal of Medicis
fucceedcd him, who v;as called Lw the tenth. The fame year dyed
/fwHhe Frf«ci['Qu.een, and the next year Lewe/ Kingof Fr^«cfmar-
rieth the Lady Mary^ fifter to Henry VIII. King of England.
But as Lewes pleafed himfelf exceedingly in the excellent beau-
ty of his new Spoufe , behold a Fever accompanied with a flux
of blood frees him from the cares and troubles of this World.
So Lea>ef dyed, on January i. 1514. greatly lamented of all his
Subjeds.
Francis, the firft of that name, fucceeded him in the Kingdom : he
was before Duke of ValoU, and. Earl of Angolefm, Son to John Earl of
Angolefm, who was the youngeft Son of Leives Duke of Orleanr^
(raurthered by the B«rg««i^/i»« at rt Orbis Terrx Concordi^-
Ve Etruri£ Origine.
feter CalhJlan-W3,s V>\^o^o^ Orleans^ ^ a Man highly efteemed in ; ;■ • ^
frmce at this time for his excellent Learning. He hath written four ^"J^;' * '''''*
"iiOdksde efu carn'mm, ' .'
Marguerite^ Queen of Navarr^ was Sifter to Francis the firll. There
areher Memoires. In the Epiftle to the Reader are thefe words, ^e
Rome vante taut qu^ il lay plaira let Commentaires de fon premier Km-
pereitr^ La France a maintenant les Memoires d" une grande Koine qui tts
leur cedent enrien. Her poetical works are joyned together.
Claudius EJpef!C£its,- a Dodor of Sorbon flourilhed at this time.
None of the Divines of ?aris\\Zi\ a greater concourfe of all Degrees
and was more admired for his frequent Sermons to the people than He.
There are many queilions concerning Religionjdifcuffed by him in L«*
tinmA. French with great fub'ilty.
He was very eloquent. His Commentaries upon "timothy and T/Va/,
are well approved. In his Comment on 'litus Ij/; proves by ma^ny good
Authorities that Clergy- men are fubjed to Secular Princes, and owe
all honour unto them as to their Lords.
On the fame Epiftle he fets down a Lift of the many tricks and de-
vices of the Court and Chancery of Rome, invented meerly for
•catching of Money •, where he puts in am.ong the reft expedative gra-
ces or rcverlions, fecret refcrvations, beftowing of Benefices upon the
firft comer, uniting of many Benefices to one Chappel , Prebend , or
other Benefice, Mandates, preventions, propinations, fmall or ordina-
ry ferviccs, conditional refignations, detaining of all the revenue in
lieu of pen(ion,anda numberof fuch like things which were not
heard of for a long time in the Church], ind vyhich) would be
ftrangenewsto Peter indFaui\ if they fhoald come iritO: the World
Egain. ■ ' . ■ :
Tills learned Divine hath fpoken much of ihcfe things.
And thufethat delire further to be informed herein, I will refer to
the Bi>ok entitled, "taxa Cancellaria JpojioliO£ ,• Vxinted at Paris by
"lou^aifit Denis, Anno 1520. •*-'i V'' '-''•'" "''' ' *'■' ■ ■
And y»;t this is nothing iii CbWparifon '(bf the Penitentiary "Tax^
Printed with the fame book, where every fin, every crime, liow hai-
nous-
192 ^Ije CCCleftafticai !^lfl:0^^ Gent. i5«
-nous foever, h^th it's price fet^ fo that to have a Licenfe and itnpu-
:nity for finning, there needs no more but to be rich i to have a paf-
"^ort to Paradife, both for a raan'« felf, and for his mifdeeds.
But that which might make Ro.we b'ufh Cif there were any (hame
-' in her brow) is, that pardons and indulgences are denyed to the poor
and indigent, who are not of means fufficient to raife thefe criminal
and inceUuousim.pofitiors.
It may feem that the Bull of Pope Leo X. added at the end of the
Cemordat, and confirmed by the Letters of Ring Francis I. hath dero-
gated from the Pragmatick^ Sanciion. But that Bull was never recei-
'fnt. Rebuff, in 'Ved and approved in France^ as Mr. Feter 'Kebuffus doth teftifie. tT/'ir
briode'^nimdat' ^'"?/^"'«*'<'«i (faith he) as being about a m.oney-mater, tpm never received
. Apoftol. by the Inhabitants of this Kingdun:. Nor is tt comprehended within the
-Concordate ■■, nor the Kin^s Declaration coKcerning it verified in the
Court of Farliament.
In the year, 1 5 id. Pope Leo X. under pretext of collecting mo-
ney to wage War againft the T.w/^, fent Indulgences through all Chri-
ttendom, granting pardon of iins both for guilt and punilh'ment unto
all which would give Money. 'Tecelim expofeth thefe Indulgences to
falein Gfn«<*«y,and Luther writeth againit the abufes of them , feme
•Write againfl: Luther^ and others defend him.
L»*i>fr proceed eth, and writeth againft other corruptions of the
Churchof Rowe, and many areenlightnedby him. Charles V. being
■Emperour, calleth a Dyet at Wormes^ and thither is Luther fummoned
Anno 1^21. who ftoutjy defendeth his Do6i:rine, and many Priefts
began to preach, and even in ^/^orwej after they had feen the conftan-
c^ oi Luther, they receive the preachers of the Gofpeh and becaufe
they could not have the liberty of the Churches, they fet up a portable
pulpit, and heard the preachers in many places of the Town until the
year 1 52 5. The Gofpel was preached in S^wwy, and embraced there,
as alfo 31 Halberjiat,l4amburgh,Fomerania,Liveland^ and many other
places.
Charles Duke of Savoy was defirous of truth and" purity , Luther
underftanding it by Annemund Coot a French Knight, writes unto him
, a confeilion of Faith to confirm him in the zeal of piety. In the
clofore he faith, ff^ell! lUullriotis Prince, jiir uf that fpark, which hath
begun tok^indle inthee, andlet fre come from the houfe of Savoy, as
from the houfe of Jofeph, and let all France be kjndlsd by thee ■■, yea, let
that Holy fire bumandencreafe, that at laji France may be truly called
for the Go/pel's fake the moji Chrijiian Kingdom.
In the year 1 525. the Gofpel began to be openly preached in France
at Gratianople in the Vaulfhinate by Peter Sebevilla. ZuingUus by wri-
ting encouraged him to lift up his voice like a Trumpet , and found
forth the Gofpel in Frame.
At
Clcnt.i6. Of FRANCE. J9^
At the fame time in MelJa about ten miles from Pam, was Eidiop
iViHiam Brijfomet •■, he was a Lover of Truth and Light, he pafTcth by *
the Monks, and fought learned Men to teach the Gofpel. So from
Faris^ he calleth Jacobus Faber, William Farel, Arnold^ and Gerard Ked^
who did moft fervently inftrud the people in the truth.
But the Bifhop's courage was fcon abated by terrible menaces of the
Sorbomsijh^ reverthclefs the word of God was planted in the hearts
of many, and by the wondrous counfcl of God from the perfccution' - '
of that one Church many Churches through France were planted, for
both the Teachers and hearers were fpread abroad.
After Martin Luther had opened the way in Germany , John Calvin:
born at Noyon in Ticcardy^aMdinoi a great wit,marveiloiJl]y eloquent,
and generally Learned, departing from the Faith then generally
held, propofed in his Book's which he publifl-.ed in Print, and in
his Sermons which he preached in divers places in I'Vjwe, one hun-
dred twenty eight axiomes (fo he called them ) difagrecing from the
Koman Church.
The Frf«ci[) Wits, curious by Nature, and defiroiis of Novelties,
began at firft rather for paftime than through choice to read his wri-
tings, and frequent his Sermons. But as P,and from thence to Metz,
where he was taken for calling down Images : and there his hand was
Jirftcutoif from his right Arm: then his Nofe with fharp pincers was
violently pulled fromhis Face ; after that both his Arms and his paps
were likewife pluckt and drawn with the fame Inflrument. He qui-
etly endured thefe Torments, in a manner finging the Verfes of the
115 Pfalm, 'Their Idols be Silver and Gold, the xporj^ only of Man's-
hand: The reft of his body was committed to the fire, and therewith
confumed.
Anno 1525. DoAor John Caflellan, after he was called to the know-
ledge of God, he became a true preacher of his word in France at Bar-
leduc, alfo at Vittery in Fartoife, at Chalon in Champagne , and in the
Town of Vike, which is the Epifcopal Seat of the Bifhop of Metz in
Lovrain. After he had laid fome foundation of the Dodrine of the
Gofpel in Mffz, in returning from thence he was taken prifoner b,y
the
Cent. i6. Of FRANCE. 195
the Cardinal of horrairCs fervants, and carried to the Caftle of Noin^
menie : fronn thence he was carried to the Town and Cz&Xt of Vike,
always conftantly perfevering in the fame Dodrinc. He was degra-
ded by the Bl(hop of Nkopolif^ and condemned to be burnt quick :
which Death he fuffered, January 12. 1525. with that conftancy , that
not only many ignorant people were thereby drawn to the knowledge
of the truth, but alfo multitudes which had tailed thereof in fome
meafure already were greatly confirmed by his conftancy in his
Death.
Then Wolfgangus Schuch^ coming to a certain Town in Lorrain^
called St. Hipf/olituf, and being received in the Town for their Pallor,
laboured by all means to root out of the hearts of the people Idola-
try and fuperftition. Hereupon Duke Anthony Prince of Lorrain,
threatens the Town of St. Hippolitus. TVolfgangtu humbly wrote to
the Duke in defence both of his Dodrineand Miniftry , and of the
wholecaufeof the Gofpel ; and having confuted the Fryars in dif-
•putation, he was condemned to be burnt. Shortly after his death,
the Commendator of St. Anthony of Vienna , who fate as fpiritual
Judge over him, and gave fentence of his condemnation, fell down
luddenly and dyed. Inlikemanner his Fellow , which was Abbot of
C/iir/7o(;ad-,fuddenly at the coming of the Dutchefs of Venmarkjnto the
City of Isr^^Kcy, being ftricken withfudden fear at the noife of Guns,
fell down and dyed.
In the beginning of theyear, 1525. was the Battle of Favia, where
Francis I. the French King was taken Prifoner, and carried to Madrid in
Spain, but after many Months confinement he is ealarged, and return-
eth into France.
The Pope underftanding the King was fet at Liberty , fent to con-
gratulate with him, and to make a confederation againft the £mpe- "tidau,'''
lotnf. The which being ratified in Cwgt/ac, M(iy 22. 1526. between
Him, that King, and the Princes of Italy ^ under the name of the moll
Holy League, the Pope abfolveth the French King from the Oath taken
in Spain Jot the obfervation of the things agreed upon.
Norp foUoiPeth a Table of French
Martyrs.
Few, Aa and
Monuni.
t.
I Ames Pavane, Schoolmafter at Faris, Anno 1524. being firft
takenbythcBifliopof Me^«x, was compelled by Dr. Martial
to recant. Afterwards returning again to his confeflion, he was burnt
at Faris, Anno 1525.
2. VioHyfiur de Kieuxit Meld^, or Meant: , was burned at Melda,
Cc 2 for
196 %i^t eccieftatttcai i^tdo?? cent, i^ .
for faying that the Mafs is a plain denyal of the Death and Paffion
of Chrift, /f«;M 1528. He had often in Iiis mouth thefe words
of Chrift. He that denyfth me before Men, bim mil I alfo deny before
my Father,
3. Joamtej de C^^arco, Batchellourof the Civil Law, for- making
an exhortation to his Countrcy-men of Limofin^ was accufed , taken,
degraded, and burnt.
4. JohnBurgcs Merchant, the receiver of Nantes^ Barthahmerp My-
/f« a lame Cripple, Hf«ry Poille oi Couberon^Catellaz School-Miftrefs,
Stephen de /« Fo^gf Merchant, were condemned and burned in Parlf,
^««JI535. Hoiry oi Couberon had his Tongue bored through, and
with an Iron wire tyed faft to one of his cheeks , and fo was burned-
with the other, as is aforefaid.
5. Alexander Camis a prieft for the confelGon of the true Religion,
was alfo burnt at ?aris^ Anno i 533.
6. John Foinier^ a Chyrurgeon, becaufe he would not do homage
to a certain Idol at the commandment of a Fryar that came to con-
fefs him , his Tongue was cut off, and then he. was burned at
Tarh.
7. ?eter Gnudet^ a Knight fometime of Khod'es, after long torments
was burnt for the defence of the Gofpel, ^««(7 1533?
8. ^oiyaiiW was burnt for the Teltimony of Chrift's Gofpel at.
Bizanfon in Burgundy, Anno 1534-
p. Nicholas Scrivener, Johnde Poi^, Stephen. Burlet, were burnt on
the fame account in the City of Arras, Anno 1 534.
10. Mary Becandella was burnt at Fountains, for finding fault
with the Dodrine of a Grey Fryar, in the City of Kochel , Amo
^534-
1 I,. J^hnCornoti, an Husband- man of Mafcon, one of fuch wifdom,
that, he confounded his Judges, was condemned by them , and burnt,
12. Martin Gonin'mVaulphine^htmgtzktTiioxz Spie in the Bor-
dersof F)-.i«cf towards i\\tAlpes,wzs committed to prifon. In his
going out , his Gaoler efpyed about him Letters of FareVus and
y.iret, wherefore being examined of the King's procurator ,
and the Inquifitor touching his Faith, after he had rendred
a fufficient reafop. thereof , he was caft into the River and
drowned.
13. ClaHdiHiPainter,zGoWvc\\ihztParU,^oiv\^ about to convert
his Kinsfolks, was by the Parliament of P
20. James Co^W, a School-mafler in the City of St. Michael in
Lorrain, was burnt for the Truth, Anno i 544.
21. Feter Clerks Brother to John ClerJ^ aforementioned, and 14.
more who dwelt at Melda, were burnt. Anno 1 546.
22. Feter Chapot was ftrangled and burnt at Faris, Saintinia
Nivet, and Stephen Folliot were alfo burned at Faris ^ Anno 1 54^,
23. John Englijh, was burnt at Sens in Burgundy, hdng condemned
by the high Court of Faris, Anno 1547.
24. Michael Michel'ot, was burnt at Warden by lourney , Anna
1547- , , .,
2 5, Leonard de Frato, going. from Viion to Bar in Burgundy with two
falfe Brethren, and talking about Religion with them, was bewrayed of
them, and afterwards was burnt, Anno 1 547.
25. John 7'affington, Joan his Wife; Simon Marefchal^Joan his Wife:
William Michaut, James Boulerau, James Bretany, Thefefeven being
of the City of Langres,{Qt the word of Chrid were committed to. the
fire, who dyed comfortably, ./4/wo 1547. • .'>-•■
27. Michael Marefchal, John Camus^ Great Jvhn Camm^Jifhtt S^rar,
/>]?'/» were burnt the fame year in Piiri/.
28. 0{iavia>ii
19$ %^t €tt\tlmmta\ m^OtV Cent. 1 6.
28. Odavian B/K?;if/^ a Merchant of precious Stones at Varis , was
alfo burnt for his profeliion. Anno 1 548.
2p. Hubert Barrf^ a young Man a Taylor of nineteen years was
burned for the Gofpel at jyiion.
30. Florent Veitote, aPrieft at Paris, after four years and nine bouxs
imprifonment, having endured many torments, at laft when there was
a great Show in Paris at the King's coming into the City, and divers
other Martyrs in fundry places of the City were put to death , he ha-
ving his Tongue cut out, was brouglit to fee the execution of them
all ■> and laft of all was burnt in the place of Manlbert , Amto
31. Ahh Aiibert, a Widow at Orleans, ^«/Z(j 154^. going to Gf«e-
va^ was taken and brought to Paris^ and by the Council there judged to
be burnt at Or/fj^/.
32. A poor Taylor at Farii, dwelling in St. Anthonie^s ftreet , who
boldly defended the Gofpel before the King and his Nobles : he was
burnt in the prefence of the King, his ftrength and courage in fuffe-
ling did greatly aftonifli the King and others. Anno 1 54p.
33. Claudius Thierry was apprehended coming from Geneva , and
was burned at Orleans, Anno 1 54p.
34. Leonard Galimard was burnt at Paris the fame year.
-■'55. MacaiHs MorcoK wzshurnt in 'Troyes, Annoi-^^p.
3d. John Godeait, and Gabriel Berandinus were burnt at Cham-
heriace,
. 37. Ihomas Sanpaulinus, after cruel wracking was burnt in Paris,
Anno i55r.
38. Matirice Secenate ■wzshuxTitin Provence, Anno I'^'^i, Joannes de
pHteo, fir-named Medicus^ was alfo burnt at Vzez in Provence the fame
year.
3pi. Claudius Monerius was burnt at Lyons, he was meek and learn-
ed : fome of his Judges wept at his death, while he was in prifon he
wrote certain LeKers, but one efpecially very comfortable to all the
faithful. He alfo wrote the queftrons and interrogatories of the
official with his anfwers likewife to the fame , which being fumma-
lily contrafted, you may read in Mr. Fox. A61. and Monument. Vol. 2.
40. B-enate Poyet, Son of IVilliam Poyet, which was Chancellour of
France, for the fincere profeliion of the Gofpel, was burnt at the City
•of Sattlmure, Anno 1552.
41. John Joyer , and a young Man his Servant , were burnt at
'Iholoufe.
42. Hugh Gravier zSc\\oiA-msi,^tr , and after Minifter of Cortillon^
was burnt at Burge in Brejfe , a days Journey from Lyons. Martial
Alba, Peter Scriba^Bernard Segtiine ^ Charles Faber\,.Peter Navihere,
rive
Cent. i6. Of F R A N C E. 199
five Students of the Univerfity of Laufama were burnt at Lyons^
Anm 1553. ^^'^'' 'Bergerius^ (hortly after fuffered the fame Martyrdom,
at Lyons. Stephen Peloqahie, and Vyonififis Feloquiiie Brethren fuffe-
red at Ville Franche about Lyoni in the fame year.
43 . Lerees Marfacus, Michael Gerard^ Stephen Cranot, fuffered alfo
zt Lyons ^ Anno I'y'j-^. MiJ'/Zj^n? P/woKf? Merchant fuffered there alfo.
Ar his burning he fpake much to the people, and was heard with
great attention.
44. WiUlam Neele an Auftin Fryar , futfered at Eureux in France..
Simon Lake at Viion. The Executioner called Jufttts Silvefler, feeing
the faith and conlhncyof L<*/of, was converted: and he with all his-
Family removed to the Church of Geneva.
45. 7V/c/jo/(ij- ZVi^j/e, a Shoo» maker was burnt at Taris ^ and Feter
Serre jLPrieff, was burnt at IholoHfe^Anno i 553.
4<5. Stephen King^^ and Feter Venecheus wcrt burnt at Chartresf
Anno 1553.
47. Antonius Magnus was burnt at Faris,Anno i 554.
48. JFilliam Alencon^ a Bookfeller, and a certain Clothworker were
barnt 3it Montpelliers, Ahho 1554.
4CJ. FarisFanier, a godly Lawyer for conflant profeifion of the.
Gofpel was beheaded at Vola^ Anno 1 554.
50. Pf^fr^rtFi?//, Shoo-makcr,aft£r grievous wrackings was burnt
at Nifmes^ Anno 1554.
51. JnhnFilieul, Carpenter: Jnlian le ville Point- maker, were.-
burnt at Sanferre, Anno 1 554.
52. P)'o«j//«/ F^jre, leaving his Popifh Priefthood went to Geneva^,
where he learnt the Art of Book binding, and many times brought'
Books into France. Afterwards in the Reign of Fdrrard VI. King of
England^ he preached the word in Jirfey : but after his death , think-
ing to return again to Gfwi':/, he came with his Books into Norman'
dy unto a Town called Fueille ^ where he was taken with his
Books , and after the fuffering moft cruel torments was burnt at
Khoan.
53. Ibomas Calbergn at'Tourney was burnt, Anno 1 554.
54. Ric/'jr^ Fe»wx a Gold fmith, born at R/^Oii«, after he had been
in London^ where he firfl taftcd of the Gofpel , he went to Geneva^
where he remained nine or ten years. From thence returning to Lyons^
he was apprehended, and condemned. Then he appealed to the High
Court at Paris : where in the way as he was led to Faris^ he was met
by certain whom he knew not, and by them taken from his Keepers,
and fo fet at liberty. Anno 1551.
After that continuing at Genera for th€ fpace of three
years, he came into. I><»*/ffe;«e, and there as he found fault with the
Grace fald in L(»f/«, he was <3€te
^ - ■»* sc<-retJr^f t ? » T . ;, ^ ^v
^oo X^eerciertMicai!^t(!o ?y Cent. x6>
day hewasfenttotheJurtice,from him totheBi(hop: who ridding
their hands of him, he was brought to the Lieutenant, who fent his
Advocate with a Notary to him in Prifon to examine him of his Faith,-
for which I (hall refer the Reader to Mr. Fox. AU. and, McHHm. VoL z,
•p. 14(5.147, 148. He was fent back to the Bi(hop's prifon, and from
thence (hcrtly after to Lyonr, where he had his Tongue cut out, and
'then was burnt.
55. Ntcholaj d:tCbef»e^ fuffered at Ory near BiziHcon^ Anna 1 554.
55. JoknBertrand^Y^tc^txoi tlie Forrert of M<«re/;e«o7>, was burnt
at E/07/, Amw 155(3.
• 57. Fe/dT Ko?/^M«, after three wrackings, had his Tongue cut out,
and a ball of Iron put in his mouth. He %vas drawn upon an Hurdle
all broken to the fire, where he was lifted up into the Air , and Jet
down thrice. And wheti he was half burnt, the ball fell from his mouth
and he witlj a loud voice, called on the name of God, faying, Jeftfs
Chrijl ajjij} me : fo he dyed.
^S, Arnold Moniere, znd Joh>ide Cazes , v/£re hmntzt Bourdeaux^
'JinnQ 1556,
•yp. Vhilip Cone ^ James h'xsitWo'tV, Arch smbant Seraphen ^ Mr. Ni<-
tholas du KoifJJ'ean were burnt at I}iion^ Anno 1 557.
60. Thilip Hamlin {affcxcd at Bourdeaux.
■6 J. Nicholas Sartoritts^ at Oeii near Viedmoat^ Anno 1 557.
62. George Cardiff ^ with one of 'lours a Broiderer, Nicl^olas a Shoo-
tnaker at Jenvile^ fuffered at 'tours.
I iTiuft now return back to the Reign of King Francis I.
The Lutherans having prefented a confellicn of their Faith, the
gia. Concii. Princes of Cfnwi?«y being affembled before the Emperour in a Hall
(Amo i^^o) capable to receive 200 perlons, It was read with a loud
voice. And the Cities which followed the Doftrine of ZuingUus^
prefented apart the confeffion of their Faith , not differing from the
former but only in the point of the Eucharifl. The confellion of the
Princes was afterwards from this place called, the Augujian CoKfiJJioH.
The Pope's Legate would not cenfure the confeffion, but gave order
that a confutation thereof (hould be read , ahd no Copy
given.
The Pope was difpleafed with the Emperour, for meddling in Reli-
gion, but efpecially for promifing a Council.
He writes to all Princes, that he would call a Council , though he
never meant it : and his collufion isdifcovered by many. The Vrotefi-
rf«/j-]ikevvife do write to all Princes, praying them not to believe the
calumnies raifed againft them, and to fufpend their Judgements , until
thofe that are accufed have place to acquit themfelves publickly. And
therefore they will defire the Emperour, that he will call a godly , and
free
Trident. U.I.
Cent,i6. Of FRANCE. aoi
free Council in (j*r«j3«y, asfoon as might bcj and not ufe fotce until
the matter be difputed, and lawfully denyed.
The FwKc& King anfwered with very courteous Letters, in fub-
ftance giving them thanks for communicating unto him a bufinefs of
fo great weight.
He (liewed them that he was glad tounderftand of their innocen-
cy, and did approve the inftance they made, that the vices might be a-
mended, wherein they (hall find his will to concur with theirs ; that
their requiring a Council was juft and holy, yea neceflary , not only
for the affairs of Germany , but of the whole Church , that it was
not neceffary to ufe Arms, where the controverfies may be ended with
Treaties.
The Emperour promifeth the calling of a Council within fix
months. The Pope refolveth to make an Alliance with France to be
able to withftand the Emperour.
After the Affembly of the FroteflaMtszt Smakald, the French King
Treateth with the Landgrave of Hi»/7?<», at the Pope's requeft about
the Council. The Pope is difpleafed for the propofal of Geneva, for
the place of the Council. Anno 1534. Pope Clement VlL dyeth, and
Cardinal F is created Pope, and named Faul IIL He maketh a
(hew that he defireth a Council ; he perfwadeth the Cardinals tore-
form themfelves.
The cuftom is, that in the firft days the Cardinals obtain favours
eafily of the new pope. Therefore the Cardinal of Lorrain, and 0-
ther French^ in the name of the King, defired him to grant to the
Duke of Lorr^/« the nomination of the Bifhopricks, and Abbacies of
his Dominion. The Pope's Anfwer was, that in the Council which
(hould be called fhortly, it was neceffary to take away jhe faculty of
nomination from thofe Princes that already had it : which was
fome blcmith to the Popes his predeceffours , who had granted
them.
A Bull is made for the convocation of the Council at Mantua, May
27. 1 537. The Pope prayeth the French King, and all other Kings and
Prhices to be there in pcrfon.
The Froteftants approve not the Bull of convocation.
The Duke of Mantua makes a Grant of his City , and afterwards
recalleth it. The King of England oppofeth the Council by a pub-
lick manifeA.
Then the Pope fent out a Bull for the convocation of the Council at
Vicenza, The Legates went to Vicenza at the time appointed > and
the Pope to Nizza in Provence at the fame time , to fpeak perfonally
with the Emperour and the French King, which he gave out was only
to make peace between thofe great Princes, though his principal end
^vas to draw the Dukedom of Milan, to his own houfe, Amo 1538.
Dd The
203 5tDe eccleftsftfcal ^itttiv cent. 1 6:
The Council intimated is fufpended during pleaf&re.
The Emperou* gave order for a Dyettobeheld in Germany, whete
Ferdinand thought good, inviting the Froteftant Princes to be there in
perfon, and promifing publick lecurity unto all. Cardinal Farnefe
hearing of this concliaiion made without his knowledge, went imme-
diately away: and paffing by P«m, obtained of the French King a
fevere Edid againll the Lutherans : which being publiQied was ex-
ecuted in that City, and after through all France with much rigour.
King Francis com.manded that all flnould be appeached who had
Books ditfering from the Church of Kome, that made fecret Conven-
ticles i that tranfgreffed the commandments of the Church j and e-
fpecially that obferved not the Doftrine of Meats •, or prayed in any
Tongue but the Latin \ and commanded the Sorbonnijls to be diligent
' iSpies againftthem. Afterwards underftanding the Emperour's cun-
ning, who afiayed to incite the Pope againft him, he caufed the Lu-
therans to be really proceeded againft , and commanded that a form
to difcover and accufe them [hould be inftituted in Faris, propofing
punifhments to the concealers of thetp , and rewards to the
Delators.
This vvas done, ^««i9 1 542.
The Emperour gave divers orders to the Prelates of Spain^ and'
the Lnw-Csuntries--, and commanded thatthe Divines of Lovain (hould '
aflemble together, to confider of th'e Dodrines which were to be pro-
pofed •, which they reduced to XXlI. heads, without confirming thehi
by any place of Scripture, but explicating.Magifterially the conclu(;on •
T'nly, - . -
The French King alfo Aflembled at Melun, the Parifian'Divmee , to-
confuitof the neceffary pofitions of "the ChriRiahFaithj to be propo-
fcd in the Council, where there was much cbhtention. For'.fome de«>
fired to propofe the confirmation of whatfoever was confiitiited in CjJ»„-,
fiance and Bafil^ and the re-!eftabli[hment of the Fragmqtick^ SaitBion
" And others doubting, that the King would be offended Id); j3es*^
ftroying the Concordat^ made between him ^ and tea ( wBi^h-
would neceffarily follow ^ gave counfel not to fqt.that difputation"
on foot. ■■"•^ . ^ ' - ;'-, • .''.•: ' • -'uT
And afterwards,' Becauft there ^vaVdiVefs opinions in that ,5<;noQV,
concerningthe Sa'craments;;vintc- Which fome gave' efFed'ive Mli^'ilIeTr
lialvertue, and oth.-rs not, every one dcfiring that his opinion
{hould he an Article rf Faith,-nbthing could be concluded , but that
they (hould keep themfelves within cdrnpafs of the XXV. beads publi-
fhed tv/o years before. ■ '''.,■■'' . • "^ ."■ ,.
The Councilis appointed to be in Trw/, arid' thither' the tiega^es.
are fent. While they meet in' Irent to convince Herefies by a Couor
cir, in France t.h.t'j did the fame by force of Arms, agaiiift a fmall
Cent.'i^. Of FRANCE; 203
remainder of the Waldenfes, Inhabitants of -the ^/p^x of Vrovence^iNho
((«is hath hath been faid before) maintained a feparation from the 'See
of Kome, with divers Rites and Doftrine.
Thefe Men after tfce Reformation of Zuinglim , enlarged their
Dodrine by his, and reduced their Rites unfo fume form at the fame
time when Geneva embraced the Pvcformation.
Sentence was pronounced againft thefe many years before by the.
Parliament of Ai>:, which had never been executed. The King now
commanded to execute the Sentence.
The Prelident muttered together as many Souldiers as he could in
the places bordering upon them, and in the Pope's State of Jij^m-rf,
and went with an Army againft thefe poor Creatures, who had "nei-
ther Weapon nor thought, otherwife than by flight to defend tjiem-
felves, thofe that could. They went not about to teach them , or by
threats to make them leave their Rites and opinions ■•, but firft of all ■
filling all the Countrey with Rapes, flew as many as ftood to their
mercy, becaufe they could not fly , without fparing young or old.
They rather raied the Countries of Cabriers in Provence^ and of Me-
rindol in the County of Viinoiftn belonging to the Pope, and all other,
places in thofc Precinds. More than 4000. perfons were llain. They
that fled to the Woods and Mountains, partly were famifned , partly
otherwife flain, partly fent to the Galleys: twenty five perfons that
fled ipto a Cave near the Town of M^/jfy were fmothered to death
with fmeak.
Certain of theH?/feti^«/fued unto the Fj-^«c^ King to favour the
Waldenfes^ but no entreaty would ferve. But the bloody Tyrant
Mi«mw the Governour of Prawfwe, efcaped not the juft Judgement
of God '. for God fmote him with a terrible Difeafe, and he felt as it
were a fire burning him from the Navel upward, and the lower parts
were rotten and confumed away with Verminc,with an extream ftink,
and profufion. of Blood in place of his Urine, and fo with great- tor- •
nients he ended his wretched Life.
l.exvesdeVaine^ Brother-in-law to the faid A///7fri».f, the Prcfident,
and alfo the Brother, and the Son-in-law to Teter Vmant ^ Mafter
Butcher of the Town of Aix^ thefe three did flay one another upon a
certainflrife that fell between them. And upon the fame day the
Jiidge of Aix , wlio accompanied Minerius in the fame perfccu-
tion, as he returned homewards going over the River of Durance was
drowned.
By an Ordinance of this King Francis I. dated January 1 5. i <^^6. ^
the Vifitation of the Hofpitals and other charitable places, is commit-
ted to the Judges Royal, Ordinaries of the place where fuch Hofpi- deTordonnnZc's
talsarefcituate. AllGovermun and Admini\lrators of Enfptals^or e- fj't p^r fo-iu-
ther charitable Yoitndatmif,fl}all he compelled hy our Judges of the fla- T^'dcimAnd'^
Dd 3 <.fj Uef.it.ca. 4
204 5CBe Ccclefiaftical ^iHoit eent, i^.
^■t '.■■ . -■ • — .
■ cei next adjoymng to give up their accounts of the Rffvennes and Admini'
firation of the faidHoJpitals, by what 'title foever they hold them •■, tsge^
ther with the Charters and 'titles of their FoKndatioM, if they have any^
- veithin trvo months after the puhlication ofthefe prefems. Whom we
Command^ and exprejly enjoyn^ everyone rvfpedively within his Precinds
and JttrifdiBion, that immediately after tlje publication of thefe pre-
Otontius Fineus fents^ they vifit the faid Hofpitals and charjtahle foundations, to enquire
'was P'°f?^^°'^ °^ of. the Kevenue, Ejiate^ and reparation of the places , and the number of
ticks at Paris at beds, and poor people whom they (hall find there.
this time. There were four Stevens, French- men., Henry the Father , and Robert
hb Son, Henry, Robert's Son i and ?<«»/ the Son of that Henry, alt"
learned Men, and Printers.
Robert Stevens, not only Printed, but made many excellent works
himfelf. His T'hefaurus Lingu£ Latin£ is incomparable. Anioine
■<^fnet Biblic- Verdier in his Bibliotheque commends him and this Work. Didiona-
rium feu Latin£ Lingua thefdurus, non fmgulas modo ViUiones conti-
fiens, fed integras quoque Latine & loquendi &^fcribendi formuUw ., ex-
optimU quibufque Latin£ Lingua Scriptorihm. Qpiu exeufum parifiis a-
pud Authorem, divifum in'tomos tres. Anno 1542.
He publiHied an Edition of the Latin Bible, wherein he had con--
fcrred the copies that were in ufe at that time with- fomc old Manu--
fcripts, and according to them he amended fomeerrours. The Univer-
ilty-took this ill, that he had attempted to change the Tranflation. He
defended himfelf that he bad changed nothing , but had Printed ac--
cording to old Copies which he had by him. Hisanfwerwas tolera-
ble in the Judgement of reafonable men.
Neverthelefs, they purfue him before the Court- oiTaris , and do '■
t f fn ), petition that he may be burnt. But their petition was burnt. Then-
steph.ad cenfu- hc pnntcth the Bible, retaining the corrupt Tranflation : and m the-
P rifTp'r.'^cg.'^' ^^''S'" ^^ addeth the words of the Manufcripts with Noted,
■ fliewing -the. Copies whence he had thefe words. Thefe do accufe
him betore King Fr
r ^'•^'-, . '.
tipn among the .Heretical and forbidden Books.
'tKc King was informed of their (liifts, and of that Letter ; Where-
fore He ordereth the Bin-.op to require ihem again. After divers exhor-
tations to this purpofe, they fend fifteen places which they had
marked.' The Biftop conferreth v^ith their Deputy Gagnems upon
■ thcfe Inftanccs ,' and writes a i^ge Letter unto them commending
the Annotatiorns,'and fliewing what courfe they fhouldobferve in their
cenfure. ■ -
They were the more enraged .at that comtnendation , and would
not go on in their cenfure, but would have the Bock to Be condemaed
which they had declared Heretical. Then the King fent hiS Letters
Patent^ and fealed, charging them to f^cceed in rheir cenfure , and to
deliver' it unto his Printer. Theydo ftiil refufe, and at that iime
King Francis dyeth, viz. on March 3 i. Amo 1-547.
His Son King^e;«;>' IL who fucceeded him, fendeth the like charge
unto them on Jugtiji 16. 1 547, They return Anfwer , rhar they fhsll
perfed their cenfure before November i. But then in place of the cen-
fure they fend a ttpplication, craving that the Books may be forbid-
den, becaufe^ is a Sacramenpria^yand had written- that mens Souls
are mortal. :'■ ;,- "' -;
'The Piintei^is informed of it, and addreffeth himfelf to anfwer be-
fore King and Council. Then they return unto Parif, But' he (hews
how falfe their calumnies were.
At that time they ferit unto the King forty fix Articles which
they had colkdred. It was told unto their Deputies that they had
■ fpoken of feme thoufands of Errours, and were thefeall turned to
forty lix? They anfwered, the Univerfity had more, but had not as
yet put them in form.
; The Printer returns to Taris^ chiding fome of the Divines for ac-
cufing him fallly, _ ^ ,
The Printer craves^of the King protedion from the malice of his
Enemies. The King grants it under his Seal. This ftorm being o-
ver, he gathereth fifteen old Manufcripts of the ne3V Teflament in
Greek^^ and printeth it wixh the divers ledions on the Margin , and
gives the firft copy unto Cajiellan.
■The Popeiends into France Jerome Boccaferrius a Koman^ Cardinal of
St.iGeoVgf,-in (hew to condok;with the King for the death of his Fa-
ther, arjfl.io give him joy of the beginning of his Kingdom, but with
commimou to make confederation with him. The Pope gave the
Legate moft ample power to grant the King all his demands in matter
of Benefices, without regarding the Decrees of the Udenme Coun-
cil, : .a ftrong AlK^nce is m^^e between the Pope and the txench King,
.and two Cardinals are qrpatcd at the King's in(tance, vis. -Charles of
Gk/7? Arch-Bi(i)op of BJ^emfs ^ and Charles of Vaudefme ^ of the
Blocd-Royal. ,■-•'-' • - - xhe
Ceht. id. . M F R AN C E^ 207, ,
Thi Cardinal of Guife, made an open difcOTrfe in puTilick c6nfiu(>j
.ry j.-i the name of the Fr^wl; King, fliewing , that King Francis had Hift.Concil. !
rrver fpared any coft or danger ; to maintaia the liberty of oihe'r ^"''"'' ''* '*
Princes. _. ./^ i,r~ -vi'^r v.;-
In conformity whereof H«jr^inotdegene;rating«o'tn tlie^vertue-jcF
hi? Anceftors, as foon as he had left to riwurn .for his .Father's .death,
was willing to declare his ebfervance towards the See of K owe. : That
the merits of the Kings of Fr<2«ce were famous, and exceedeth all
thofe of other Nations. But this was above all which the King now
doth, promifing all his Forces to preferve the Papal Dignity, now.
when it is fo contemned. He prayed the, Pope to receive tb^ King.,
for his Son, and to promife to himftlf all afiiilance from him , and to.
takccare that the Church [hould receive no damage nor (hame, in re-
gard that from fmall beginnings great fsftions have rifen, which
have brought the Popes into great calamities. He .exemplified,
in many Popes ■ afBided , who were defended and raifed by.
the .kings of Trance , concluding , that .the prefect .j^ing , wji^'
riot yield, to his Anceftors in prefer ving the Dignity .of tlie . j^ppftblickj.
See. , ■
- In the year 154^. The F««c&. King making his firft entry into
Pm/, caufed a folemn proceilicn to be made, and pubUChed an Edi(ii,
wherein he, fignitieth that. he received the prot,£.(ilion of the Cathp-.
lick Religion, and oi the See of K«»2f, gnd thp care of the EcclefiaftK
calOrder, and thatheabhorr(id)t;h^;Noy,ity; of.Rcligipn._, .and teflified!
unto all his will to perfevere m the Dodriiieof.the.Churcli of Kome^
and to ba;iirti the new.Hereticks Cfct-he-callecl- ti\e i.rtit'efiim)'C\itrot
all his Dominions. , . ^ ^ _, , u ,;•. j, _ ■ •^,;^v-',;,/ ,■, -ijiVvj; i.-c
^ He c^ufcd;fhisEdicy ij/i'^fr45/ftO| bejpu^tp death. in, .f»^^f>,^him-y
felf being prefent at the Speda'cle,:,, and.jfi.'tr^'j^beginningiicf'] th^j
next yj2ar-,, l^e renew'cd ihe^dijSr.ag^pft tl,i|C)i),-,Jfyi^n£^grie^p^ pun^v-'
ments ,upon,£he judges, who werf ,^ not .
ninijr,gtj]ep.,.,„ .„ , _'...^j ;„,,;;,'; j., .j ..,'. ^.L . '.^■\,
PopePyefq/diy^(|ed |ti.tOj
three ta(5|ions ^jjoutt^e choice of, ^ ■'ncxy ,>P9^£,,:Jj^g^V^\y^,| Frenchy.
and dvp,tndqns^ . ■n't))^' ieadj Pope, an^|i>y;^on(f qi^fl^e;; , ojj.m ;-Nc- '^.^^ ^^ cardln.-.
pj>ews. They .jii]adc^g|cemCinf ;j,iponBtJbemfelv^cs, ^ha,^ pine Cardi;.,part j. u. 2.
ra)sfl»ourd be namtd, of each Fa^iipn wrce i ^biiL that 'tl;e noming'ti-
onjhould bemadcby twoonly of the Faction' ot frame; and that
after?
ao% XDe CCClefiaftical l^lttO?^ Cent. 16.
afterwards it fliould be l^ful for the Imperialifts to take one of the
faid nine at their pleafure , and that the reft (hould be obligd to
concur.
Of the French Fadion accordingly were named , the Cardinals oi
, Lorrain^'Torfron^ znd Bella:,
Of the Imperial Fadlion "Iheatino^ Monte , and San MarceUo , aad
three others of the other Faftion, Sahiati, Kidolfi, and 'frani. The
Imperialifts refufed all the nine perfons which were named, which
gave great offence to the other two Fadtions , infomuch that it was
: propofed by the French tb the Farmfianf, to unite among themfelves,
and to choofe a Pope in fpite of the Imperialifts. Bat they could not
i^ree in the choice of their perfons, becaufe there were feveral Cardi-
nals among the Far;2f/raw, who were much obliged to the Emperour,
and much afraid of his diipleafure.
'But after a tedious difcuilTon of the Cardinals for the fpace of three
months, during the vacancy of the See, Gio Maria del Monte was crea-
ted Pope on February^ Anno 1 550. by the name of JhUus the third.
And now the Fadlion of the T^i/'o«i/we was introduced into the con-
clave, having over- powred the FatSionsof the Emperour and King
, of France^ with no fmall reputation.
The Council having been tranflated toBoloniaj the Emperour ha-
ving protefted againftit, the Pope deliberates about the remitting of it
to frent. The French King offered to the Pope whatfoever he was
able to do for him, promifed to affift the Council, and to fend the Pre-
lates of his Kingdom, and all favourand prote(Sion for the mainte-
nance of the Papal Authority.
The Book of Francis Vttraneus a learned Lawyer, -entituled Ve Sa-
cris Eccleftoe, Minifteriis came forth, Anno 1 551.
' At this time a War was denounced againft King Henry the fecond by
thei'opeand the Emperour , and that upon an unjuft quarrel. He
gave fome hopes (faith Onufhrius) of compofing the diHerences in
'?"i!fi'' *" Religion, when at the requeft of the Emperour, he declared by his Bull
in the firft year of his Popedom, that the Council ftiould be continu-
ed at 'trent at the beginning of the next May. And prefently after he
addeth, he unwittingly put himfelf upon the War of Farma^znd there-
by fet all Italy, nay all Europe on fire.
The firft Seffion of the Council on May i. 1 551. and the fecond
upon the firff of September were only for Ladies, for there was nothing
done. King Henry II. fet forth an Edidt at the fame time, dated the
third day of September the fame year, containing a reftraint of tran-
fporting Gold and Silver to Kome : where he fets down at large the
cccafions of the War of Farma, begun by the Pope. And among o-
ther things he faith. Ifhicb holv Father upon a fudden fit ef Choler^
hadcaufed a certain company ffmeft of Jf^ar , both Horfe and Foot to
V he
'Julio J.
Gent. i6. Of FRANCE. io9
be levied and fct forth : and alfo enticed and perfwaded the EmperoHf
(roith tvhom n>e ivere in good 'terms of Peace and Amity) to take Arm.',
to aid hit forces in the design of the recsvery of Parma. And after he
had haraffed and laid waji all things xphatfoever he pleafed in the Conn- E-iia du Roy
trey of Parma, he caufedhis faid Forces to march toward the 'territories mea'raVi'rana
ef Mirandiala : rvhich hath for a long time^ even during the Life of ow 155^.
late mofi Honoured Lord and Father^ been in the Iqiotvn proteUion ef the
Crown of France, tvhich he beleagured^ ^fi^g mo(i incredible and inhumane
cruelties towards the Inhabitants of the faid'territory i yea fuch ai Bar-
barians anf Infidels rcould not have tifed the like : giving the World ta
kporv very {iotttly that he meant them to us , who have not deferved any
fuch things at his hands ^ or the Hcly See.
There were fix Seffions holden in the time of that War, thofe two
forementioned, and four more: in two whereof the moft material
points of Faith, of Manners and Church Difcipline , were difcufTed
and determined, as thofe of the Sacrament of the Eucharift, Tran-
fubftantiation, Per?nce and extreme|Undion ; as alfo about thejurif-
di(9:ion of Bithops, where ir.any blows were ftruck at the Liberties of
the French Church, and the rights of the Crown.
Another Edid: of King Henry II. was made at the Camp near TVel-
//f«,«^g^e/, Mi7y2i, 1552. andPrintedat Paris the fame year. From
this time till the beginning of the year, 1^60, the Council of T>v?it
did nothing. What time Pope P«« IV. as foon as he got into the
Chair, fent forth a Declaration for the continuation of it againfi Eajhr-
day the next year.
The French King makes preparation for a National Council , and
protefteth againft the Council then alTembled in frent. Jacobus Ami- Hift.concil.
oius. Abbot of Bellofana appeared in the nameof the Frf«c^King, with Tride.it. n. 4,
Letters of hisMajefty, which heprefented to the Legate, defiring they
might be read, and his tredency heard. The Legate receiving them,
gave them to the Secretary to be read.
The Superfcription was, SanUifJxmis in Chrijio Patribus Convenths
'tridentini. Much fault was found with the word Convenths. The
Bifbopof Mewtzfaid, if they would not receive a Letter from the
King of France^ who called them, Sandiffimuf Conventus, how would
they hearken to the Protefiants, who called them Conventus Malignanti'
Hm ? Then the King's Letfer was opened and read.
The Fr«ic/^ King difmilTcth the Pope's Nuncio: but fearing that
by hisdiflention with the Pope, thofe that defired change of Religion
would make forae innovation, or that himfelf might come into the
bad opinion of his people, as if his mind were averfe from the Ca-
tholick Faith, and perhaps to open a way for reconciliation with Kowp,
ihemade amofl fevereEdiftagaintt xhcProteSiants, confirming all the
other which he had publiftied before , adding greater punifliments,
E e more
-! I o %i)t cccleftaChical ^iftot^ Cent, i &,
more ways to difc over the guilty, and greater rewards to the promo=
t€rs. Hereupon many were apprehended, condemned and burnt, as I
have (liewed before in the Table of French Martyrs, concluding it at
the year 1557.
On the tifth of September, 1557. in Farii, at night about two hun-
dred perfons werealTembled in an houfe to celebrate the Communion,
which being difcovered by the common people, the houfe was alTault-
ed, and feme f.cd, but the women and weaker fort were taken , and
feven were burnt, and the greater part of the others refer-^d for the
fame puniflimentto be inflicted when the complices were found out.The
Suiffes made interceffion for thefe, and the King gave order that the
proceeding againfi them. fl-iOuld be moderate,but the Pope is angry with
the F)-e;«c/:' King, for ufing any moderation.
B.tt the number of the FMff'?ij«?/, being now increafed in France,
tbeir courage increafed alfo. And there being a cufiom am.ong the
people of Paris in the Summer Evesings, to go out of the Subburbs
of St. German, in great multitudes, to take the Frefco , and to folace
the. afelves with divers kinds of fports,thofe of thenew Religion in-
ftead of doing, fOj began to fing the Pfalms of David in French
Verfes.
ABnoijjSo The multitude firft laughed at the Novity; then leaving the fports
jcyr.ed themfelves unto the fingers. And the number of thofe who
ca m.efo that place began to increafe more than ufually. The Pope's
Nuncio told the King of this Novity, as of a thing pernicious and
dangerc. s, becaufe faid he)theMinirieriesof Religion, ufually celebra-
ted in the Church in the Latin Tongue by Religious men only , were
put into the mouth of the common people in the vulgar Language,
which was an invention Cfaid he J of the Lutherans , telling him that
if he did not relili the bjginnirgs, all Faris would be Lntheran. The
King gave order that tji'e principal Authours ihould be proceeded a-
gainft, wherein they went not very far, having found Anthony Sing q£
Z^iJt'.?)- and his Wife in that number. But for hereafter it was forbid
upon piin of death.
The King new underftanding that fome of the Parliament were
F.'-fff^rf^-.v.r. in a Mercurial (fo they call the Judicature infiituted to ex-
amine and corre(5t the anions of the Ccunfellours of Parliament, and
Judges of the King) held in Yaris, June 15. 1558. where they were
to treat of Re jigicn, after the congregation was aflembled , enrred in
perfon. And having commanded them to profecute the things begun,.
ClastdeV:. le one of them, fpake much againft the manners of the Court
of Koiiie^ and the bad cuftoms grown to be pernicious errours , which
have caufcd the new Sects.
Therefore it Was-ncceflary to m.itigate the fevere pucifhrn-ents, until
thiC differences of Religion were removed, and the Ecclefiaftical Difci-
fline
Cent. i6. Of FRANCE. 21
pline amended by Authority of a General Council, tlK only re-
medy for thefe evils , as the Councils of Conftawf: and Bafil
have judged, commanding that one fliould be celebrated every ten
years.
His opinion was followed by Ltidovicus Faber.. and fome othersj Amie
^« Bo«rge, did add, that many villanies were committed conden-.nei
by the Laws, for punifhment whereof, the rope md f-tc w.'re not fuffi-
cient, viz. trequcnt blafphemiesagainft God, perjuries, Adulteries,
not only fetret, but even cheriftied with iiipudent licenfe i making
himfelf to be plainly underliood, that he fpake not only of the Gran-
dees of the Court, but of the King himfelf alfo : adding that while
men lived thus diflblutely , divers Torments were prepared againll
thofe who were guilty of nothing but of publUTiing to the World
the vices of the Church of Kome, and deliring an amendment of
them.
In oppofition of all this , Egidius Magijhr, the prime Prefidcnt,
ipake againft the new Se6ts, concluding that there was no other renie-'
dy,but thatwhich was formerly ufed againft the ^/tjge;//^x, of whom'
Fhilip AtigHJiuf put to death fix hundred in one day, and againft the
fFaldetifes, who were choaked in the caves , whither they retired to
hide themfelves.
All the voices being given, the King faid, he had now heard with
his own Ears, that which before was told himi that the contagion of
the Kingdom doth hence arife: that there are in the Parliament who
do defpife the Pope's Authority, and His : that he well knoweth they
are but few, butthecaufe of many evils. Therefore he exhorted
thofe who are good Subjefts to continue in doing their duty : and im-
mediately gave order that Faber and da BoKrg (hould be imprifo-
ned, and afterwards caufed four more to be apprehended in their
houfes.
But at the fame time fas if there had been no danger at all) the
Minifters of the Reformed ffor fo the Protejianis are called in Fraijce)
aflemblcd in Pi2m in the Suburbs of St,Cerma>t, made a Synod, in
which Francis Morellm the chief man among them was Prefident, or-
daining divers conftitutions i of the manner of holding Councils,
of removing the domination in the Church i of the Eledtion and
Offices of Minifters i of cenfures-, of Marriages, of Divorces, of de-
grees of confanguinity and affinity, that throughout all Francs they
mightnot only have an Uniform Faitii , but Difcipline alfo. And
their courage did increafe, bccaufe the fame of the fevcrity ufed in
France coming into Germany^ the three Elcdlors , and other Irotejhnt
Princes, fent Ambafladours to the King to dilfwade him trom that ri-
gour againft the profcftburs of their Religion. But the King (though
he gave them a courteous Anfwer, yet J remitted notlung cf the .le-
Ee 2 verity,
212 xijeeccieftafticaii^tlio?^ cent. i5.
vsrity , but after the Ambafladours were gone , he deputed four
Judges, of the body of the Parliament , in the caufes of the prifo-
laers , with the Bifhcp of Faris , and the Inquifitor Aft-
ihoHy de Mocares , commanding them to proceed with all exr-
p edit ion.
Nicholjf Clinet^ one of the Elders of the Church at Varis^ and 'tauriii
Cravelle^ a Lawyer, and Advocate in the Court of Taris^ and elder of
the fame Church, were both burnt at PiinV,
Bartholomerv HeUor was burnt at Ihurin. ]s\\&x\k?hiUppa de Lunt^
was rtrangled at Taris^ Anno 1558. after Qie had a little felt the Flame
with her Feet and Vifage.
Of the fame company was alfo Nicholas Cene a PhyGcian , CBrother.
to Fhslip Ce«e above-mentioned and Martyred at Viion) and Peter Ga-
^■Crt, which two were brought forth to their execution, O&oh. 2. They,
were hold en long in the Air, over a fmall fire , and their lower parts-
burnt off, before that the higher parts were much harmed with the
fijre. Neverthelefs thefe Holy Men ceafed not in all thefe torments to •
turnup theireyes to Heaven, and to (hew forth infinite Teftimonies of
their Faith and conftancy. Inthe.fam.e fire many Bibles and Tefta-
nients were burnt.
AmongdiversyoungScholarsand Students that were in- the littls.
Caftle with Peter Gabart^ there were thefe two, viz. Frederic}^ Van-
vile^ and FrjHcis Rebezies, neither of them being pafi 20 years of
Age. How valiantly they behaved themfelves in the caufeof Chrift
■what conflids they had, difputing with the Do and many alfo
invited by the natural humour of the French Nation, who cannot en-
dure to live idly.
To thofe of beft quality among thefe he gave feveral charges to
raife men, and to bring them to a place appointed , dividing to all
their feveral Provinces. To the Baron of Cajielnaw was committed
theoLn&of Gajcoigft.
To Captain Af ., II, ^,1 II ^^-l. _ l j^ . . .
hereafter declared and exprefTcd, to the end that every Chriftian defi-
rous of his Salvation, may purchafe and come by them.
Andfirftof the Declaration of the Indulgences given and granted
to the Brethren of thefaid Fraternity found in the Church of St. Hilary
of C^<»r/r«, verified, approved and confirmed for ever, but made valid
by our Holy Father, Pope 'jnliw III.
The Indulgences granted to the Hofpital of St. ^ames vdAugu^a.
The Indulgences granted to the Church of St. John of Florence.
and to the Company and Society of the faid Nation, and of St. Cof~
was, and VamianM of Kome.
The Indulgences granted to the Society of the Holy Camp of
"^ome.
The Indulgences granted to the Brethren and Sifters of St. Saviour^
ad SanSa SanStorum.
The Indulgences granted to the Company of the Charity of
'Kome.
The Indulgences of the great Hofpital of the Holy Ghoft in Saxi'a^
of the Order of St. Juftin of Rome.
The Indulgences of our Lady del Popoh ofRome.
The Catalogue and Declaration of the Indulgences
aforefaid, and the Names of the Popes that grant"
ed them, and the days upon which they way be had.
Firft, our Holy Father Pope Lm, hath granted to all, and every ©ne
of the faid Brethren, which (haTl be prefent at proceffions, and other
Divine Service celebrated^pn Corfm Christ day, remiffion of all their
fins, provided they be coTHHTed and penitent, or have a full refoluti-
on to confefs themfelves at the times appointed by our Holy Mother
the Church.
Tlenary Pardon to thofe-^^f the Brethren that Jhall
name the name of Jefu^ at the point of Death.
Zffw, Hehath granted a plenary Pardon to all fuch of the Brethren
of the (aid Fraternity, as fliall name the name of Jefus at the point of
Death, and they fhall be partakers of all the good works of the whole
Church Catholick,
Ff 2 Tlenary
2 3 o Xfte eccieftafticai i^ifto^^ Cent. n5.
TIe/iary Pardon upon all the Feafl-days of our Lady^
upon All-Souls day ^ and upon St. PhWip and
James day.
Item^ He hath granted to every one of- the faid Brothers and Sifters,
who upon any of the Feafts of our Lady, upon AJl-Souh day, and
upon Fhilfp and James day, from the Vefpers of the Eves , until the
Vefpers of the faid days, Chall, being confeffedand penitent, viGt the
great Altar of St. Hilary^ upon which the moft precious bleffed Sacra-
ment is fet, plenary Pardon of all their iins upon every one of the faid^
days.
Plenary Pardon upon all thb ficond days in June^
and upon the fixteenth of July^
Item, Pope Sixtui, hath given and granted to every Brother- and
Sifter that (hall vifit the faid Altar, upon the fccond day in Jme, and
the fijcteenth day of ya/)* every year, for every of the.faid daysapley'
nary remiffion of all their fins.
Plenary Pardent& the Dead.
Item, He hath granted to every Brother that fliall give any Alms,
or offer any facrifice, according to his means and ability, by vv'ay of.
fuffragc for the Soul of any one deceafed^that he (hall obtain plenary
Pardon for theiins of him fo deceafed. ^1
Plenary Pardon upon our Ladies day in mid-' AuguG:-
which is the A{iumi^ti(;xn.
Ifp«,Pope Gregoryhzth given and granted to every Brother that
fltall vifit the Altar of the bleffed Sacrament in the faid Churth of the
faid St. Hilary upon our Ladies day in mid-^wgafi, d^c. plenary jemif-..
fi9n;0f.aU his fins, ,
Cent. id. Of FRANCE. oai
T.lenary Pardon^tpon the Feafiiof our Lady, and the^
O6i2ivcsof them-i &c.
Item^ he hath given to all the Feftivals of our Lady, and the 0-
Saves of them, and to every Feaft of the Apoftles , pletiary pardbnof
all their fins.
Eajier'day, and eight days folhuving. ^
Item, Pope J«Mfl<;f«* hath granted to the faid Brothers and Sifters,"
upon Ei»/?er-day, and eight days following, four thoufand eight"
hundred years of §hcarantaifiSy and remiflionof the third part of all .
their fins.
Twelfth-day., and the OSiai^es of that Fejti'z/aly and.
the Nati'z/ity of our Lady.
Item^ H&hath granted 'to 'trvelfth-dzy, and the Gdav^s thereof/^ve
thoufand years : to the day of the Nativity of our Lady, and the -
Odlav66 of it thirty thoufand years of true pardon.
Afcenfion- day, and the OSiaves thereof.
Item, Pope Clement V. hath granted to the faid Brothers and Sifters -
upon 4/cf«^««*day, and the Graves thereof tvvo thoufand years of.true -
pardon.
Pope Boniface VIII. hath granted to the faid Brothers and Sifters -
upon the faid 4/^'»/'i'«- day, and the Gdaves thereof, two thoufand
years of true pardon.
Al]-Saints Day.
Item^Vope Bfnnet XU. hath granted to the faid Brothers- upon ;
'M-SaintsVay, three thoufand eight hundred ^arantains of truer .
pardon, .
Elemry/
223 %^t eccieftafttcai ijtfto?^ cent, i^;
Tlenary Pardon upon all the Fefii'vals of our
Lady, to thofe that pall 'vifit the Altar upon
which the hleffed Sacrament ji^ndeth inthe Church
of St. Hilary.
Item, Pope Sixm IV. hath granted to the faid Brothers and Sifters
thai fhall vifit the faid Altar in the Church of St. Hilary, on which the
bleffed Sacrament of the Altar ftandeth, upon any of the Feflivals of
our Lady, from the firftVefpers to the fecond, plenary pardon of all
fVipir fin?;.
All the Saturdays in Lent.
Item, He hath granted to the faid Brothers, which (hall vifit the (aid
Altar all the Saturdays in Lent, for every day a thoufand eight hundred
years of true pardon, v
From Ihnrfday in M/a?-Lent tiU Low-Sunday.
Ife>M, He hath granted to the faid Brothers and Sifters, vifiting the
faid Altar as before, from Thurfday in Mid- £?«/, till Lovp- Sunday, for
every day a thoufand eight hundred years, and two jhoufand ^aa-
-rantainsoi true pardon.
The day of etitr once into the faid Fraternity,
Over and above the faid Pardons and Indulgences fo granted as
-abovefaid, our Holy Father Pope faul HI. doth give and grant, as
appears by his Bull, plenary Indulgence and remiffion of all their fins
in manner of Jubilee, to every one that ftiall enter into the faid Fra-
ternity, and (hall be confeffed and penitentfor his fins upon the day of
his entrance, and ftiall have received thcTnoft bkfled Body of our Lord
|efus Chrift.
flenary Pardon three times in their JLifel
Item, He giveth and granteth moreover to every one of the faid
Brothers and Sifters plenary pardon, and Indulgence of all their fins
thrice in their Life, upon what day and hour they pleafe.
To
Cent. 1 ^. Of FRANCE. 229
To all that accompany the Body of our Lord, when it
is carried to Sick^ Fc/^.
Item., He grants an hundred years of pardon to all that (hall accom-
pany the blefled Sacrament of the Altar, when it fliall be carried to lick,
folks, and as much to thofe who cannot go themfelves, but fhall lend>
one of their Servants with a Candle > and to thofe that can neither go •
nor fend, if they fay oneFatef'Nojier., and an Ave-Maria, to every
one an hundred years of true pardon.
"lo thofe that Jhall'vifit the Church ofSt.Wihxy eve'
ry Friday.
I/f>», He grants to the faid Brothers and lifters, which (hall vifit
the (aid Church, and the faid Altar of St. Hilary every Friday, and!
(hall devoutly fay ontTatef'TsIoiler and an Jve-Maria., in honour of;
the moft bleffed Sacrament of the Altar, ten years , and ten ^araH"
lains of true pardon.
Of choosing their Confeffonr.
Item^lie hath given and doth give to every one of the faid Bro-
thers and Sifters licence to choofe three times in their life, any Prieft,
Stcular or Regular for their ConfeiTour, who (hall abfolve them from
all fins, how hainousfoeveri yea, though they be referved to the Ho-
ly See, always excepted fuch as are contained ia thejiull which is read ;
at Rome upon Maundy Ihurfday.
Forvifiiingthe aforefaid Altar every day is Lent.
Jtem^ According to thepriviledges granted in the Hofpital of the
Holy Gholt, and other places particularly mentioned, at whicti the.
nations both within the City of Kowte, and without the Walls of the.
faid City are appointed to be, our faid Holy Father, doth give unto
all the faid Brothers and Si(\ers which (hall vifit the faid Altar , upon
which the bleffed Sacrament of the Altar refteth in the Church of St. -
Hilary aforefaid, upon the days following.
Imprimh^ The (irft day ot Lent, three thoufand years of true pardon,
and plenary remilfion of his fins over and above. .
"tbur.fdaj]
I'hurfday^ Ten thoufand years. Friday^ Ten thoufand years. -
The firft Sunday in Lent^ eighteen thoufand years of pardon, and
remiffion of all fins to boot.
Monday, Ten thoufand years, and a plenary Indulgence.
T'uefday, Twenty eight thoufand years, and as many ^arantahtr^
and remiffion of the third part of their fins, and the delivery of one
vS'oal out of purgatory.
Wednefday, Twenty eight thoufand years, and as many ^aranuint
a«d remiffion of the third part of their fins.
Ihurfday^ Ten thoufand years of true pardon, and remiffion of all
their fins.
Friday, Thirteen thoufand years of true pardonjand plenary remiffi-
on of all their fins.
Saturday, Twenty eight thoufand years, and as many ^arantains^
and befidcs remiffion of all their fins.
The fecond Sunday in Lent, twenty eight thoufand years , and as
vmnY^arantains. -
Monday, Ten thoufand years of pardon, and remiffion of the third
part of their fins.
iuefday,Tcn thoufand years.
^TiP^w/i/^iy, Ten thoufand years.
'j'hurfday,Friday,zndSatKrday, to each day ten thoufand yeatis.
Andbefides on Saturday remiffion of all their fins, with the delive-
rance of one foul from the pains of purgatory.
The third Sunday in Lent, Ten thoufand years, and twenty eight
^arantains of true pardon, and deliverance of one foul out of pur-
gatory.
Monday, "fttefday, Wednefday, Ihnrfday, Friday , on each day ten
thoufand yeairs. Satmday ten thoufand years, and plenary remiffion
of all their fins,
the
Cent. 1(5. Of FRANCE. 225
The fourth SHHday,tcmiSion of all their fins, and deliverance of
one foul from me pains of purgatory.
Monday tTen thoufand years,
. "tue/clay ^Ten thoufand years, and remiffion of the third" part of all^
their fins.
ff^ed»efday,T£n thoufand years , and remiflion of the third part
ef all their fins.
ihurfday^ Friday^ and Saturday^ on each day ten thoufand years..
The fifth Sunday^ which is the paffion Sunday of oxxt Saviour, twen-
ty feven thoufand years, and as many ^arantains, with remiffion of
the third part of all their fins : and thefe pardons they may get twice-
a day, vifiting the faid Altar as aforefaid.
Monday^ "tuefday^ Wednefdsy^ and Ihnrfday ten thoufand years..
Friday^ The deliverance of one foul from the pains of purgatory.
Siit^r^jy, Twelve thoufand years of pardon, and deliverance of
'one foul out of purgatory.
The fixth Sunday ht'irtgV aim-Sunday, twenty five thoufand years,
and forty eight ^arantains of true pardon, and befides remiilion of
all their fins. Upon this day they may get the faid pardons twice,, as
was faid of the former Sundaj^
Mo«^aj', twenty five thoufand years, and remiilion ■ of the fourth
part of all their fins, and befides plenary remiffion of all their fins.
T'af/^iy/, twenty eight thoufandyears, and plenary pardon of all.
iheir fins, overand above.
Wednefday, Eighteen thoufand years;
Ihurfday, Twelve thoufand years, and as many ^arantains, andie"-
miffion of all tiieir fins..
Good-Friday, a greatnumber of Pardons and Indulgences, and ple-
nary remiffion of all their fins.-
(Gg-. ^atvr*'.
L ^' ■■ JJM
aatf X{)e CCCleftafttcal ttftO^p Cent.i^.
Saturday before Ei^fr, two and twenty thoufand years, and forty
fight ^arantaim of pardon, and plenary remillion of all their fins.
Eafier-dzy twenty eight thoufand years, and as many ^arantaint
of pardon, and plenary remiffion of all fins.
«
Eafter-MoHday the fame as on E«/if r-day.
jE^7ffr-!Z«f/2//«»-Eve, fifteen thoufand years, e^c.
Whitfunday^ Twenty eight thoufand years, &t,
JVhitfun-Menday, remiffion of all fins.
"tuefday^ Twenty three thoufand years.
Wednefday^ Twenty eight thoufand years, aad a> many ^aran-
tains,znd remiffion of the third part of their fins, and the delivery of
one foul out of purgatory befide.
The Stations of Advent /« the f aid Church of St,
Hilary.
The firft Sunday in Advent, twenty eight thoufand years, and as ma-
ny ^<»M»(«i«x, and remillion of the third part.of all their fins.
The fecond Sunday, eleven thoufand years, an J plenary remiiEon of
all their fins, granted by St. Silvejier.
The third iS'aw^^j'jtwenty eight thoufand years, and as many ^<«-
ranfaim, and plenary remiffion of all fins.
The fourth Sunday, eleven thoufand years, and plenary remiffion of
all fins.
St. Stephen's day, and St. John's day, twenty eight thoufand years,and
as many ^narantaim, and full remiffion of all fins. Innocents day, fif-
teen thoufand years, and as many ^arantains,in6. remiffion of all lins.
On Neiv-yean day, twenty five thoufand years, and plenary remiffi*
on of all fins. TrPfZ/i/^day, twenty eight thoufand yeass , as many
^arantains^ and plenary remiffion of all their fins.
Septuagefima Sunday, eleven thoufand years, and forty eight ^<^-
rantaim, and the remiffion of the third part of their fins, with the de-
livery of one foul out of purgatory. i
Sexagefima Sunday, thirteen thoufand yeats, and forty feven thou-
fand ^arantains, and remiffion of the third part of their fins.
^ingmgefima Sunday, twenty eight thoufand years, and as many
j^arantains of true pardon, G g 2 And
cjcjS %5e cccleftaftfcai i^tfto?^ cent. 1 6,
And the faid Pardons and Indulgences here above-mentioned , ate
granted only to the Brothers and Sifters of the faid Fraternijy which
Ihall upon the days aforffaid every year vifit the faid Altar in the faid
Church of St. Hilary'oi Chartres in France^ upon which the bkffed
Sacrament and precious body of Jefus Chrift is placed.
Medjrd "Thierjaiilt^ Prieft, Licentiat in the Laws , Chanon af Char-
tres, Official, and Vicar- General, both in the Spiritualty and Tempo-
ralty of the Reverend Father in God Monfieur Lewes, by the Grace of
God'BiChop oi ChjTtrss : To all and fingular, the Parfons and Vicars,
of the Churches "within the City oi Chartres , fendeth greeting, &c.
Tope Paul the third, did heretofore of his own proper motion, for the honour-
of the hlejfed Sacrament, grant unto the Brothers of the Fraternity of the
bkffed Body of Jefits Chriji, in the Minerva of Rome , certain Indulgen"
ces, plenary remijjion of fins, and other graces, the good devotion, and upoH
petition of the faithful Chrijiian Brothers, Which Indulgences and ple-
nary remiffon of Sim, our holy Father Julius III. Pope, to the end that all
• Chrijiians might come devoutly, and honour the blejfed Sacrament, of his
own Authority hath reiHed and decreed, that ihey be of perpetual force and'
efpxacy. And thefe Indulgences and other graces aforefaid, at the injiance
af the moft noble Ferfonage Mr. Chri^opher de Herovard, the Lieutenant
General of the Moll Chrijiian King, within the Bailiwick^ofChzitres, hath'
granted them to the Brothers and Sijiers of the Fraternity of the blejfed Bo-
dy of Jefus Chriji, h-eretofre ereaed and injiituted in the Church of St.
Hilary of Chzxttes: always provided, that like grace and gift n>M not for-
ifierly granted to any other Church of the faid City of Chartres. Andfar-
afmiich'x we have viewedtlye contentsof the faid Indulgence, in the pub-
lick^ Inliritment out of fhe Copy of Dominick Bifhop of Hoftia, Cardinal of
the hAy Church o/Rome, by "title Traven, Dean of the facred Apoiiolical
CoHege , ProteBoHr and Patron of the Fraternity of the bleffed Body of our .
Saviorir, foundedinthe Church of our Lady c/ Minerva, of the order of
Fry an Predicants in the City of Rome, in manner of an e^emplifcatien,
publijhed ,drjin>n, figned and fealedhy Genefe B\i]tev Secretary to the faid
Fraternity, Ciw« is* Rome, May i5. 1550. And furthermore, whereas by
acsrtain declaration made unto the Court of Rome, by the command and
with the leave of the Reverend Father in God, the Lord Bifljop 0/ Chartres;
and as it fcems to iu truly and lawfully made ; that "'tis certain the lik^
grace wjs never granted to any other Church in the City ofCharties.Where-
fire we command you to publijh,and caufe to be publifjed in your Churches
the faid Indulgences, and the exemplifications of the Letters aforefaid ac-
cording to their form and tenure. Giving leave to the faid Chriftopher de
HeiToyard, to caufe the faid graces and Indulgences to he puhli^ied mthift ■
the City and Church of Chartres, whether by Siguis's or otherwife the fame
HerovaFd Jhalltbink^good. Given at Chartres under the feal of the Cham'-
bgr.of the faidBip^op of 'ChsjiitSjf Anno i'^%o. July ^j.SHbfcrihed.
RleSeneux,. Pope,-
Cent. 1^. Of FRANCE.
Pope Pius IV. in his Bull of the publication of the Council of
Trent, which was for the continuation of it, bemngdnte Decem-ber ^o.
1560. fheweth in effeA, that it was begun, continued, and ended among
the troubles in Fra>ice znd Germany. And ( as Sleiaan faith J as ibon sieidan. /. 16.
as new broils were raifed in the neighbouring pans of Germany, and a
great war was kindled in Italy and prance, the Council was afterwards
fufpended and adjourned.
After the fuppreflion of the Confpirators forementioned, inafecrec
Council held in the Kings chamber it is refolved to punifti ihe favou-
rers of the Confpiraty. And to get the Favourers of the Hugonotsm-
to their power, it was refolved to call an Aflcmbly of the States, at
which among others the Princes of the Blood are to alllft.
But the Queen-Mother and the Gnifes doubting more than ever new
Infurreftions, the Prince of Cow eceml>er : and if the General
Council fliall not be called fuddenly, the Bifhops fliall aflemble on
January 13. to treat of celebrating aNational : in the mean-while the
punifliments for caufe of Religion were fufpended, except againft thofe
who took up Arms..
The Pope hereupon wrote to Cardinal To^raow, to hinder the meet-
ing of the Bifhops, and if he could not, to return lo.Kome. The Pope
makes fliew to call a General Council fuddenly. He received anfwer
itomTournon-t that having tried aU means, he was not able to remove
the King or any of his Council, nor could hope for any better fuccefs
hereafter^ The Pope's fecret purpofe was to avoid the Council, or
to defer ir, but makes a contrary refolution againft his Will, and is
much troubled with the occurrences of France. A Currier went in
hafte to Rome out of France, with proteftations from the King, that
if the General Council were not called, he could no longer deter the
National : adding, that if any place in France wer« chofen for the
meeting of the Council, it fhould be moft fecure.
Then the Convocation of the Council was publifhed in the Confi-
ftory, the Bull whereof was entitled. Of the Intimation of the Council of
Trent : the Latine word was Jndi^ionis . yerieritu wrote a Book
againft this BuU»
At
Ccnt.i6. of FRANCE.
At this time News came to i?ow?, that the French King had impri-
foned the Prince oi Conde^ and feta guard upon ihe YAXigoi Navarre y
which pleafed the Pope much, as a thing that might hinder the Nati-
onal Council. Saga fervant to the King oi Navarre^ is taken at Efiam-
fes with divers letters about him, and being tortured confefleth cer-
tain praftices againft the Crown. The Prince of Conde had attem-
pted to poiTefs himfelf oi Lions, but without fuccefs. The Governour
of the City condemned many oiih^ Hitgonots to be hanged, and the
reft he fent alive to the Court, who ferved afterwards to con-
firm the Depofitions of the Prifoners againft the difcontented
Princes.
The King departcth with his Guard from ponntainbleaa and fum-
moncth the States to meet at OrUanSy where the firft thing that was
done was to make a profefliou of their Faitht Which being fet down
by the Doftors of the Sorbon, conformable to the belief oiihi Roman
Church, and publickly read by the Cardinal of TournoH, Prefidentof
the Ecdcfiaftical order, was by a folemn Oath approved and confirmed
by every one of the Deputies : becaufe nonefliould be admitted into
that General Aflembly , either unwittingly, or on purpofe, that was not
a true Catholic k.
Then the High Chancellour in prefence of the King propofed thofe
things which were neceflary to be confulted of for the reformation of
the Government. But this was the leaft thing in every mans thought,
for the minds of all men were in fufpence about the Prince oiConde's
imprifonment , who being interrogated, excepts againft his trial, and
appeals to the King : but the Appeal is not accepted : and he was de-
clared to be held as convift, becaufe he had cefufed to anfwer the De-
legates. So they proceeded judicially, until the very laft pronouncing
of fentence.
The Commiflarics having pronounced the fentence againft the
Prince oi Conde, the King one morning being under the Barbers hand,
was on a fudden taken with an Apoplexy, and laid by his fervants on his
bed, and on Dccemb. 5. hedied.
Charles IX. brother to fr<«wc*f, and fecond Son to the Queen, fuc- ^
ceeded to the Crown, being yet but about eleven years old : in re-
gard of his Minority the Government fell principally upon the King
of iV74i/f:;;V^//wfaiih,he continued ■ieiig!and"*' °
in a league of iriendlhip with him thirty eight years. And faith alfo,That '-"■■"'"'•
Bbb .^/'.5.<.'.i*
in all that while in which he was acquainted with him, henev.er heard
him difpute of the Controverted points of Religion, onhat he wasac-
cu:;omed to write to others about them.
lUasternitate Adrian Turnehiis was Profeffbur of Pliilofophy and Greek \nPa-
digni Adver- ,.^ under King CharUslX. ThuaKHS calls h.m ^rande twflriftculi or-
r^f^z.^i'. '36.' riamentHm. He was admirable both in the GreeK and Latin Languages,
and in knowledge of all Antiquity, as his Books entitled ^i/i'er/ir«^ Preface to his Natural Hiftoryby Ancient
Copies, and added Annotations upon it. He hath commented alfo upon
i/eri tarn undit^uxque Ponttficiiis, quin wro Ton-
Tijicum vitia libere fateatur. zJ^ortoni caufa Regia, cap. j^
Seti. 19.
Jacobus Cnjacius was a great light of France. His Life is written by
PapyrtKS M^jfonipu. He is praifed by Peter F'*ber ( whofe Mafter he
was J as the greateft Lawyer of his time. Pafqmer imh. In many
Univerfities of 6V«?chefs of Ferrara, having for many Months made requeft that
places fhould be allowed to the Proteftants for their Sermons and Ce-
remonies J and all thcfe, and many more Grandees even in the Court
it felf making Profeffion thereof, the inferiour Proteftants AlTcrabled
riiemlelvcs apart : whereupon dangerous Popular tumults were raif-
ed in many parts of the Kingdom with fliughter on both fides* Two
divers tumults were raifed by Sermons, one at Dijon, the other in
Pari^s, Hereupon the Prefidents of all the Parliaments were called,
and certain Counccllours Elefted to deliberate what was beft to be
done. All thefe being AfTembled at Saint German, where the Chan-
cellour told them, That the differences in Religion fhould be referred
to the Prela:es : but when the Peace of the Kingdom is in queftion,
this could not belong to the Ecclefiafticks, but to thufe whom the King
would appoint to confult of it. That this Particular was then to be
confiJered of, whether it were good fervice for the King to permit
or prohibit the Congregations of the Proteftants, wherein they were
not to difpute which Religion was tlie b:tter, becaufe they too'-i not in
hand to frame .1 Religion, but to put in order a Republick. in the
end they contluded thatthe Ediftof J«/y was to be remitted in part,
and the Proteftants to have lieve to Preach. The Edift coniained ma-
ny Points. That the Proteftants Hiould reftore ihe Cliurches Pofteili.
ons, and other Ecclefiaftical goods ufurped. That they fhould for-
B b b 2 bear
bear to beat down Crofles, Images and Churches upon pain of death.
That theydould not Aflennble themfelves to Preach, Pray, or Admi-
nifter the Sacraments in publick or in private, by day or by night with-
in the City. That the Prohibitions and Punifliments of the Edift of
fitlyj and all others made before, fhould be fufpended. That they (hall
not be raolefted in their Sermons made out of the City, or hindered by
the Magiftrates. That none fhiall fcandalize another for Religion, or
ufe contumelious words of Fadion. That the Magiftrates and Offi-
cers may be prefent at the Sermons and Congregations. That they
fhall not make Synods, Colloquies, or Confiftories, but with lieve,
and in prefence of the Magiftrate. That they (hall obferve the Laws
for Feafts, and Degrees prohibited for Marriage, That the Minifters
(hall be bound to fwear to the Publick Officers, not to offend againfl:
this Edift, nor to Preach any Dodrine contrary to the Nicene Council^
and the Books of the Old and New Teftamenr. This was Regiftred
and publifhed by way of Provifion, with this exprefs Claufe and
Condition, Until fuch time as the General Council, or the King himfelf
fliould order it otherwife.
< The Duke oiGuifs, the Conf^able, and the Cardinals C among which
the Cardinal oiToHrnon was lately dead) with the Mar(hals of Sr//^c
and St. ^ff^re being difcontented hereat left the Court, contriving how
they might hinder the execution of the Edid, and oppofe the Prote-
ftants. But becaufe they faw, that whilft the King of iV^-^/^rre flood.
united with the Regent, they had no right to intermeddle with the
Government of (he Kingdom, therefore they propofed tothemfelves
todifTolve that Union. And knowing, that the Queen intended to con- -
tinue with the fame power till her Son came of Age, they thought it
more eafieto gain the Yi^mgoi Navarre, who was already much avtrfe-
to the Proteftants Religion by reafon of the different opinions he foundv;
among them about the Points in Controverfie,. And now the King of
Navarre joyns himfelf with the - Duke of Guife and the Confiable.
Ihtk ihxtt th^ Hagonots CdWt^the Triumvirnte.. Queen Jean Wis
highly difpleafed at this fo unexpeded deliberation of her Husband,
and leaving the Court, carrieth with her Wmcs Henry, and thePrin-
cefs Karherine, her Children ( whom (he brought up in Cdvinifm )
into Btarn^ being determined ro feparateher felf from the Gounfels and
converfation of her Husband.^ The Queen Regent was alfo terrified
herewith, and in oppefition to the Triumvirate joyns wi.h the
Prince of ^o«^e and the Admiral. The Prince oiConde takes upon
him openly to YitiAtht Hngonots, who ardently defire to revenge his
paft affronts upon thofe that were his chief perfecutours. His power
and boldnefs was moderated by the wife Couiifel of the Admiral of
Chifftillon. Their Authority led after them, being of the fame Faith,
the Prince of .Pomea > the Count de la Roch-fon-caitt^ Mtjjieurs de
Cent. 1 6. Of FRANCE.
»3
Genlitj de Grammont, and Bur as •, the Count of tJ^ontgomery, the
Baron des nyidrets^ Me/fieurs' de BoHchavane, and Soi(biz.e, and ma-
ny other the Principal in the Kingdom. Thus upon a fudden the King
ot" Navarre went over to the Popifli party, and Queen Katherme
(though diffemblingly ) took upon her the Proteftion oftheProte-
ftants. The King of Navarre flaying in Parii, laboureth to hinder
the AfTemblies of the Proteftants, to diminish their force and credit, and
finally to take away their liberty of Religion .
The Prince of Conde being likewife in Farii, on the contrary en- Davi!.m(i.
courageth the Preachers , and (as he could ) enlargeth thejr licence and ^^'Jso^'fj^^e,
liberty. The King of Navarre deliberating to drive the Prince of ''-a-
Co>ide out of Paris, for this purpofe fends for the other Popifli Lords
to Court. The Duke of Guife makes a journey thither, and palling '
through rajfy, his Servants heard a noife of Bells ; and having askc
what was the reafon of it, anfwer was made, That it was the hour
wherein the Htigonots ufed to Affemble at their Sermons. The Pa-
ges and Lacquies of the Duke that went before the reft of the Company,
moved with the Novelty of the thing, and a curiofity to fee (for then
thofe Congregations began firft to be kept in Publick ) with jefting
fpeeches and a tumult went towards the place where the Hiigonots were
Aflcmbled at their Devotion. Who underftanding that the Duke of
Gmfe^ their great Perfecutour, was there, and leeing a great Troop come
diredly toward them, inconfiderately fell prefently to gather upftones,
and began to drive back thofe that advanced firft to the place of their
AfTembly. By which injury the Popifh party rafhly betook themfelves
to Arms. The Duke putting himfelf in the midft of them, was hit
with a blow of a ftone upon the left cheek, which bled much, which
caufed him to wiihdr.iw from the hurly burly. His followers impa-
tient of (uch an. affront done to their Lord, with their fire-arms pre-
fently affaulted the houfe whither iht Hiigojiots retired to fecurethem-
felves, killed above fixty of them, and grievoufly wounded the Mini-
fter •, who climbing over the Tyles faved himfelf in (bme of the ad-
joyning houfes. The tumult being ended, the Duke of Gnife called
fonhe Officer of the place, fliarply reproving him for fuffcring fuch
a pernicious Licence to the prejudice of PafTenger?. He exrufing him-
felf as unable to hinder it, by reafon of the Edift o^ January, which
tolerated the publick AflTemblies of the Htigonots, the Duke no lefs
offended at bis anfwer than :it the thing it felf, laying his hand upon his
Sword, replyed in choler, This jhall foon cut the Bond of that Ediii,
though never fo binding. From which words many afterwards conclu-
ded, that he wasthe Authouv of the enfuing War.
But the Hiigonots incenfed by this Chance, now full of rage, ftirred
up fuch horrible tumults and bloody Seditions, that (befides the flaugh-
ter of men in many places) the Monafteries were fnoikd, Images
tluown .
14 %l)t ettittm^itai if iHorp cent. i6.
thrown down, the Altars broken, and the Churches defiled. The peo-
ple in all places ran headlong to cake Arms; and the Heads of the
liftionsw^enc about gathering Forces, preparing theaifelves forama-
nitcft War. And now each Fadion defired to draw the King to their
party, and to pofllfs the Perfons of the King and Queen. But the
Caiholicks prevent the Hugomts^ and lead ihetn both to P.nk from
Fount air.bUau, The Prince of Conde therefore poffclTeth Orleans^ and
prcpareth for the War. The Popifli Lords under the King's name
iikewife raife an Army. Many writings are publifhed on each fide,
and both Arjnies go into the Field. The <^ ueen-Mother labours for a
Pace. To this endfhe comes to a parley with the Prince, but with-
out fuccefs : notwithftanding fhe continues to Treat of an Agreement,
xvhich at length is concluded. But the Prince by the perfwafion of the
reft, again takes Arms, purpofeth to afTail the King's Camp by night,
but miffbth of hisdefign. Forces come to the King's aid oui of Ger-
many, and many thoufands of Svetffes, whereupon the Prince is forced
to retire unto the Walls oi Orleans, where being unable to keep the
Army together, he divides it. He fendeth for fuccour Ix ova Germany
and England, confents to give Havre de Grace to the Englijl}, and to
receive their Carri[onsimo1)eipeind Reven, to obtain aid from them.
The King's Army takes Blou, ToiUiers, Tours, and Bonrges, befieges
Roven and takes it, and {acks it, where A/ithony King of Navarre
received a Musket fhot in the left fhoulder •, which brea.^ing the bone,
and tearing the Nerves, he prefently fell down on the place as dead, and
died Shortly after.
Succours come to the Prince of Co We out of Cf >•»;', with which
being re-inforced he makes hafte to afTauIt Faru : The King and the
Queen arrive there with the Army: and the Prince after many attempts
is necellitated to depart. Both Armies go into Normandy^ and there
follows the Battel of Dreux, in which the Prince of Conde is taken
Prifoneron the one fide, and the Conflable on the other. The Duke
of Cuife being Viftorious , layes fiege to Orleans, and is ready to take
it, and istreacheroufly flainby Pe/fr«r, Sieur de Mtrehorn, of a No-
ble Family, neir Angeulefme. He feigns to forfake the Proieftant par-
ty, leaves Orleans, infinuates himfelf into the Duke olGuifes Court :
snd whilft the Duke gives order for an affault, fhootshimin the flicu!-
der, whereof he dieth. Poltrot ■i\At6. by the fwiftnefs of his horfe, fa-
yed himfelf in the neighbouring Woods, and the Duke being carried
CO his Lodging, died three dayes after of his hurt. Puitrot was ta-
ken , and being taken , was by fentence of Parliament publickly
quartered.
After the death of the Duke of Guife an accommodation foUow-
ed : Conditions ofPeace wereconluded at Orleans March, i8. 1563.
.viz.. That all thofe that were free Lords over the Caftles or Lands
that
Cent. \6. Of FRAN CE.
iliac they pofTcffed , not holding of any but the Crown, might within
their jurifdidions freely excrcife the Reformed Religion -, and that the
other Feaudataricsjwho had not fuch dominion, might do the fame in their
own houfes, for their Families only, provided they lived not in any
City or Town. That in every Province certain Cities fhall be appoin-
ted, in the Faux-bourg whereof ihtHngonots might Afifemble at their
Devotion. That in all other Cities , Towns and Caftles, in the City
of Taris with the jurifdidion thereof, and all places whatfoever where
the Court refided, the exercife of any other but iht Romijl] Religion
fliould be prohibited. Yet every one to live free in his Confcience
without any trouble or moleftation.That the Profeflburs of the Reformed
Religion fliould obfervethe Holy-dayes in the Roman Calender, and
in their Marriages the Rites and Conftitutions of the Civil Law. That
all the Lords , Princes, Gentlemen, Souldiers and Captains fliould have
a full Pardon for all Delinquencies committed during the time of the
War, and every one to be reftored to his charges, goods, dignities, ,
priviledges and prerogatives. That the Germans fliould be fent away,
and have fafe-condud out of the Kingdom : and that it fliould be m
the King's power to recover all his places. Towns and Caftles from any
pcrfon that fliould with-hold them fromhim.
This Capitulation being publifhed in the Camp, and in the Court,
on May i8. the Prine oiConde and theConftahle came out of Prifon j
and A/Jcielot delivered the City of Orleans into the Queen's hands :
and the Kings Army recovereth Havre de Grace from the R>7glijh.
The King cometh cu: of his Minority . The Queen ufeth divers artiiices to
work the difcontented Princes to her will. The King and Queen make
a general vifitation of the whole Kingdom. And from Beam they
went to Lions, in which the ii/w^owof^ had fo great aparty. Andcon-
fidering the importance of the place, the neighbourhood of Geneva
3indGermany, they refolved that a Citadel fliould be built between the
Rhofne and the Saone ( two great Rivers that run throu£.h that Town }
whereby to bridle the people, and fecurc it from the treachery of its
neighbours. Which being then begun, was afterwards brought to pei-
fcdion by the diligence of AfiJ«yifrtr de Lvjfe newly put into that Go-
vernment, From Lions the King being come to V'aknce . in 'Dol-
fhiney he caufcdthe City to be difmantled, and built there ancwFor-
trefe : that Town having ever been a receptacle for thofe that were
in Rebelhon.
From- Lions they went to the Caftle of Roajillon, where there was
an. Interview between the King and the Duke of Savoy, From thence
they vicnt to Avignon, where the King and Qn'^en gave anfwer to ihc
Pope's Ambafly, (hewing that they were ready to extirpate CaivmifM^
and to caufethe Decrees of the Council of Trtwf tobe obferved in their
Dominions. Then they came to an Interview with theQgeenofS/'.i/wac
Bmnne. P.y
i6 ^!je ccclefiaatcai l^tfto^p Gent. i^.
By an Ordinance of King CharlalX- Anno 1563. it was De-
creed, That none (hou'id be admitted tofue, by venueof thepriviledge
of his Clergy, to be fent back to the Ecdcfiaftical Judge in any Cafe
whatfoever wbeiherCivil or Criminal,unlefs he were a Sub-deacon at the
hft: which is as much as to exclude fimplefhavelings, whether they be
married or no.
I find an ordinance of the fame Kingmadeat JHnnte on Sep. 10. 156?.
which fpcaks of defamatory Libels, placards, pafquils , and fuch like
things in matter of Religion : and as for the point of jurifdidion ordains
as ioliowah , Commanding all pablii^ns Magiftrates , Commijfaries of
the Count r ey , and other our ojficers whom it tnny concern^ to have regard
hereunto •, charging our ProCtors in every place and Advocates to do their
endevour herein (. all other bufinefs laid afide ) to the finding out ^nd
fumbling fv.ch faults oi they p^all find concerning this f articular. And
afterwards they are commanded to obferve the faid Ordinance pundual-
Iv, and proceed againft the breakers hereof by the punifhments there af-
iigned, peremptorily without obferving the ordinary forms of Tuftice.
For as much as many large Indulgences are moft commonly granted
to Fraternities, as appears by divers of the Pope's Bulls, King CW/f/
IX. required in his demands of the Council of Trent, a reformation of
the abufes of fuch Fraternities. The Council found nothing to be cor-
reftedinthem, but tacitly confirm 'd them, by ordaining, That the Ad-
miniftrators of them fhall give account of their adminiftration every year
unto the Ordinary. They were wary enough to touch upon that point,
feeing itdireftly concerns ihe Pope's authority. By means of thefe
Indulgences, and the fuperftition which he ufeth in them, he gains milli-
ons of men unto himfelf, who devote thcmfelves fo much unto him,
for the fpecial favour which they fuppofe they receive by the means of
thefe Indulgences, that they do not acknowledge any other fuperi-
our. ' "'
The AmbafTadours of this King Charles fent to the Council of Trent^
had fuch Articles as thefe given them in their Inftrudions ^ as concern-
ing the reformation of the Court oi Rome ^ Excommunications, there-
ftoring of the Cup, marriage of Priefts, Prayers in a known tongue :
and to demand that Pfalms might be fang, the Sacram.ents adminiftred,
and a Cacechifm made in the vulgar Tongue. And befides, to' aflifl all
fuch as fhould require a juft reformation in all other matters. The
originals of thefe inftrudions were figned by King Charles^ the f^een-
Nataiis coT.cs Mother, the Cbancellour of the Palace, and divers others. Hereupon
//. I... Hift. the King oi France his Oratour faid, when they propofed thefe de-
mands, That they did wonderfully agree with thofe of the Emperour,
and for that reafon they had deferred the Propofal of them ; fuppofing
that if the other were affenced unto, they fliould alfo befatisfied. But
perceiving the Imgrings and delays that were ufed in that behalf, and
■ with-
fui te.Tiporis.
17
Cent. 1(5; Of FRANCE.
wichal prefled by the Letters of the King their Maftcr, they were con-
ftrained to make a motion of them. They required further, that all
Mandates of provifion of Benefices, all Reverfions, Re-afTumptions,
Refignations, holding of Livings in Truft, and Commendams might be
quite taken away, as contrary to the Decrees, and that refignations in
Favour might be banifhed the Court of Rome, as forbidden by the Sa-
cred Canons. That acourfe might be taken for inftruftiag the people
what they ought to believe concerning the Worfhip of Images, and to
clear it from all fuperftitions and errours, if any were crept into it.
And the like Eflay to be made about Indulgences, Pilgrimages, Reliques
ofSain:s, and Fraternities -. that not only the ancient form ofpublick
P^^nance might bereftored in the Church for hainous and publick offen-
ders, but alfo publick Fafts for the appeafing of God's wrath. That
general Councils might be holden every ten years : that for abroga-
ting oftuits about Benefices, that diftinftionof fmfor)' and Pojfe (fory
might be taken away : or rather for the utter extinguifhing of fuch
Suits, that Bifliops might be enjoyned to beftow them noi upon fuch
as feek after them, but on thofe that are worthy of them and avoid
them : and for certain proof of their Merits to make them Preach
fometimes ; and thofe fuch as have taken fome Degree in the Universi-
ties, upon whom only Livings might be conferred by the confent of the
Bifhop and people.
Augiiftine zjl^arhrat^ one oftheMinifters of the Reformed Church
zxRhoan'm France, was taken by the G'«»jf?<««j, and hanged upon a Gib-
bet there before our Ladies Church. He was a man excellently learn-
ed, and of an unblameable Life, who had the teftimonyeven ofthe Pa-
pifts themfelves, that in his Sermons he never uttered ought tending to
Sedition or Rebellion. He hath written upon GfWf/w, Ifniah, and the
Tfalms^ and an Ecclefiaftical Expofition upon the New Tcftament, which
hath been well efteem'dof^,
Clement Marot was a famous Trench Poet. He turned fifty of Da,- p,(; r^.
'vids Pfalmsinto f?-fwcfc Metre, which are read with admiration ot his cherch. dc la
excellent Wir. He fet them forth zs. Geneva, for he might not ''''^'"''''' ''"■'■^'
fafely longer abide m France for fufpicion oi LHtheranifm.
Marcui Antonim Muretvu was a very eloquent and diligent Wri-
ter. Scree hath he paflTed by any Latinc Authour, either Hiilorian,
Oratour, or Poet, which he hath not explained, amended, and reftored
to his purity, either with his Commentaries, Scholia, or Notes, Tertnce^
l^ctron'tM, Tibultm , CatullM, Propertins, Seneca, Saliifi, Tacitut.
. His Book pFdivers rfddiiigs fheweth how Learned he was. His excel-
lent Orations fhewfiis great Eloquence. Gcfner mentions hisLitine
works, zni Antoine durerdier his French. Thuanus Ay Ics him, A f.tg-
mtm non foliim Gallic neftrte, fed iffms Rome lumen: not only a great
light of our France^hMi alfo of Rome it felf.
Ccc About
i8
IlDc ecciefiafttmi fttfto^p cent. 16.
Le Pedagogue
d' Armesjc
4? 9,
WaTeri CoTi-
ment. ad Mi-
thrid. Gefneri.
About this time Father Edmottd in a Book of his Printed at Paris by
Sebajiim NivelJe, and by him dedicated to King Charles IX. with this
Infcription, The Pedagogue of Arms^ to infiruil a Chrifiian Prince to
undertake a good War rveS, and accot^plijh it with fuccef, to be Vi^ori-
OHS over all the Enemies of his State, and of the Catholick^ Church ~\
gives fuch Rules asthefe. That Wars have been alwaies accounted not
only profitable, but necejfary. That the Pope is bound to take Arms
Againji Hereticks. That to a Monarch undertaking fuch a War, a
man cannot urge any of his former Editts or Ordinances, That no man
( howFotent foevir he be ) can Contraciwith an Infidel, or one that hath
revolted from his Confcience. He gives this reafon. For what King is
there, how redoubted foever he be, that can ( without falfifying his Oath
made to God) permit and give lieve to the Enemies of all truth, and
condemn d by the general fentence of all the world, to few herefies i/i
his Countries, and allure fouls ? He adds further. That what conditio
om of Peace foever he can grant unto his Rebels in this cafe, will not
endure long^ But it will behove him not to awake fuch firong andPo~
tent Enemies. That to make a Peace with them at laji, he mufi refolvs
to maks a good War. And anon : As oft as by the Articles of Peace
licence is granted to every man to adhere to which of the two oppojire
Parties he pleafe without being offended at it, it is all one, in my opini-
on, as if one jhouid cafi a man into the fire, and forbid him to burn
himfelf.
In the feventh Chapter he faith. If fuch perfonswere Infidels er here-
tichs I would never excufethe Monarch, that having fufficient means,
in his own hands (hould not ajfay by all waies, even of faH, to reclaim
fuch a Kennel, or drive them far out of his Country, out of the Terri"
tories of Catholickj- And fo much the more roughly ought he to
proceed againfi them, as he k»ows them perverfe in all rejpe£ts, and of
the Hugonote ffavfp, which fiiould be accounted themofl pernicious, mo fi-
devilijl} upholders of lies, that ever rofe up againfi the Church..
Thus he.
In this Age flourifhed Culielmus Sallufiius Sartajfius, an excellent
French Voet. lUe Poetarum Gallicorum Coryphaus SaHufiius^Bartha--
fii Dominus, cujus Poemata apud exteros etiam in laude funt. He is
tranflated into many Languages. He may be read in Latine, French^
Italian, Englip, Dutch. Pafquier fheweth, that the French Poets
imitating the Latine, have often equalled and fometimes exceeded them.
Antoine duf^erdier,zniThuanus do commendhim.
Near this time alfo lived C/hWo (^f Bres, a holy Martyr. He hath
written againft the Anabaptifis in French, of the Authority of the Ma-
giftrate, and the immortality of the Soul.
Johannes Quiquarboreus vns Profeflbur of Hebrew and Chaldee to
th$ French King in Paris. There is his Chaldee Paraphrafe with
Scholia
Ccnt.i6. Of FRANCE. 19
Scholia upon Ruth , Lamentations , Hofea , Joel , Amos,
prancifchs Rabeloefus was a witty, but Atheifticalfrfw/; writer, and
DoftorofPhyfick.
Robert Conftantinevizs Beaa's great friend : he was C hiih Thua^
»ns) trium liTtgHarumpritiffimHs^ moft skilful in three Languages,
efpecially in Greek and Latine. He lived till he was a hundred and
three years old, his Senfes of Body and Mind being perfcft, and his Me-
mory ftrong. Thefe are his Works. Nomenclator injignium Scri-
ptorum, DiHionarium ahftruforum vocabulorum , Lexicon CrMo-
LatiriHm.
John Croyvm a learned French Divine. He hath written a Treatife
entitled,' Obfervationes Sacr£ e^ Hifiorica in novum Teflamemum,
That Book, and his Specimen conjeEturamm dr obfervationum in qua'
dam loca Origenis, Jrenai, Tertulliani (^ Epifhanijj &c. and his
French Book entitled, La verith de la Religion Reformee., declare him to
be a good Linguift, and a General Scholar. He hath written a Book
againft Morinasy not yet publilhed, but commended and quoted by
thofe whohave perufcd it. .yo^« ^»r»««* was a learned Papift. There
are his Exercitationes Biblica de Hebr&o Graco^^ue Textn, Exercit.
Ecclejiafiica. «
In the late Progrefs of KingCW/w IX. was difcharged all Preaching
and exercifing of the Reformed Religion in the Towns of France, where-
in it fliould happen the King to be, during the time of his Pro-
grefs.
Many new interpretations of the Edid: of March were invented,
whereby the liberty granted to the Proteftants was utterly in-
fringed.
The Prince of (^onde having heard that the Kings of France and Symfm eccIcC
Sfain had made a League for the rooting out of the Proteftants, addrcf- cmt'i/'
feth himfelf to the King on the behalf of the Proteftants, complaining,
that contrary to the Edid of March they were injured and cruelly
flain, demanding redrefs far the forefaid injuries, and that they might
have liberty to enjoy their Religion without moleftation. The King
hearing of the Prince's coming ( being with fourhundred Armed men )
with all expedition and in great fear haftens to Paris ^ and caufed the ?4ff;(?« Brother to the King was m'ade'G^rierat^'
Commanderof the Army. ; •.^'^^: j ^
The Queen of Navarre on the other parr, adjoyned herfelf and.;
her Forces to the Prince oiConde -^ zni.'itom'Britany c^mt uindcUt'
and his Forces, wbopaffed the I/o^re by a certain Poord not known l)e-^
fore, and unpaffable afterwasd; no lefs miraculoufly than the Erihcc..'
• oiConde and his Family had done in another place of the ftme River be- "
fore,Af£er whofe com'mgAngolefme was befieged and taken. by the Prince ,
of ^We-.Likewife Acieriw brought with him to the Prince out oiDotfhi-
ne, Provence and Langnedoc twenty three thoufand men, . - -
The Duke oi Anjou was come with his Army to Po?'(5?»«, and pir.heA
his Camp at Caftelleraultntax to the River Vienna. Thef Prince of Co«^-
ds^indi the Admiral daily provo|ce him to fight, but he politickiy de-
S^ayeth. The Dukeof ^;?/o« receiving ayd from German} ioicdth the"
\ ' ' ■ ' ' ~ Plote-
Cent.-«$; ' OfFRANic^
It
Proteftants to fighr. A Battle was fought at i/aw/^c,, wherein the
Prince of Conde vjzs taken and fiain, and two hundred moreofthe^
Proteftants, and forty taken Prifoners. The Admiral led the reft of the
Army back to Saint Jande-Angeli. Soon after Andelot died ar Sainefes '
to the great grief of all the Army : his body being opened was found id
be poifoned. ^ ,j <
The Qijeen of Navarre comfurteJ the Army of th^e PrWftarfts.
And her Son the young King of iVijwrrlfj with the PrinVe ofC'owijfe''^
Son took upon them the Government of the Army, and lent Courit'
c-^o»<^o«wfry to relieve the Town oiA»golefmey which was tHca'
befieged by. the Duke's, forces,. ;at/w|ioife- coming the fiege was^
railed. '' '-^^ '-''-"^- ' '•^'' *>-i- iw-niv./. :.i..; J^\ ,.^;-l
Then the Duke of Bl^ont cometh , from Germany to ayd the- Vio'-i
teftants, and takes the Town of la-Charity in Btriundy, and dieth with-
in two dales after, having appointed W^lrod Count of Mansfeltio be
General in his room. In this Army were feven th'oufand,tind five hun-
dred horfe-mem, and fix- thoufand- }obt-men,-^befides two thoufand'
French horfe- rtien, who came in theiir company,: and ten'Enfigns of foOt-
men. The Prince 6f:0ran£e with his Bh)tlie'rs Iiaii0W}ek^and"He:^ry^^-
were alfo in this Army. '' ' •"' •'
" Tn the Country oiP^oiciou the Princes had taken rnany Towns, and'
Feicfiers was befieged by them, but tliey were forced torailt thefiege.'
At length both Armies met and joyned in a Battel irear Moktcoisvire!,-
where theDuke ofe^«;o« bVd the Vidory. Hereupon al It he* Town's'
which the Proteftants had taken 'in ?Birf?f, which was coloured red with the blood of the flain.
Peter Ramus was llain at this time : he was the King's Profe/Tour of
Eloquence and Philofophy at Paris, in the 36. year of his age. In the
21. year of his age he publifhed a Logick with animadverfions upon
j^riftotle. Being murthered, his body was reproachfully dragged up and
down the ftrcets, and many of his works unperfeded there peri/hed.
Jacobin Pafcharius hath thefe Yerfes of him.
pert il tor quavis chm jit facer arhore Ramw ;
^borii hie dignns nomine Ramtti erit.
Dionyfus Lamhinm, a very learned man, was alfo flain in this Maf-
facre.
John Mercer, a learned Proteftant, a man well skilled in the Hebrew
tongue, and Hebrew writers, fucceeded Fatablm in the ProfelTion of
-the Hebrew tongue at Paris. He efcaped at the cruel Maflacre at Pa-
ris, being thrown into the River, and after put forth his learned Com-
mentary on Cenefs.
Peter 'aJ^Ierlin, a godly and learned Trench Divine, who wasif-
z,(is Scholar, was miraculoully preferved in that Maflacre.
In many other Towns there was a general flaughter of Proteftants.
So that within the fpace of a month more than thirty thoufand were
reckoned to be flain. To all this Tragedy was added thedefedion of
Roz,ariui, a Preacher at Orleans, by whofe Apoftafie , example, and
perfwafions t\\tYi\ngoi Navarre and the Prince of CoWs were induced
to renounce the Proteftant Profeffion for a time. Yet afterwards this
fame Roz.arius, being gravely admoniflied of the vilenefs of his Apo-
ftafie, departed out oi France into Germany, and writ Letters to the
Prince of Co«flff, wherein heacknowleflged his errour, begged mercy
of God, for that he had been a fnare and ftumbling block unto him. I
read in the life of the learned Dr, Peter dn-MoHlin the elder, that
- ' fais
Cenc. \6. Of FRANCE.
his Viiher Joachitn dH-Monliny was called to be Minifter « Cesmres
near Soifons, Anno 1570. The Procedour of that Church was ^o«- sce the Life of
(leur d' Ef}ree. called fince Marques de Cxnures. who then profefled B"' ^"" ''L
■a ■•• n i_i_t_jrf_ IT* Moulin writCm
tne Protertant Religion. But when he heard ot the great Maliacre of by his Son.
Parti, nyiugufl 24. 1572. and that the like Was to be fpeedily exe-
cuted over all France^ he prefently forfook the Proteftant Profellion, and
to approve himfelf a true Convert, expelled the faid Joachim du-Moniin
out oiCosyiiires.
V Then was the good man in great extremity, and in this general Mafla-
cre the murtherers were feeking for him. And how to difpofe of his
Wife and four little Children he knew not. At laft this he did, he left
hisChildren with a Woman of contrary Religion half a mile from Cir-
nures. Himfelf with his Wife fled to t^uret, a Town belonging to
the Prince 0^ Conde, and fo to Sedan, with the Duke of 5ow7/ff« of the
houkoide U March, who pafled that way flying from the Court.
The Murtherers that were fent to kill Joachim and his Family ( for
they fparedneiiher Agenor Sex) found the Womans houfe where the
Children were left. Ritffina, the Woman to whom the Children
were committed , hid the Children In the ftraw of a Bed, tlie ordinary
bottom of beds of the lower fort in France, and laid a feather-bed *
and a blanket gver them. Scarce had fhe laid the blanket, when
the Murtherers came into the room, and fearched it, but lookt not in
the Bed. Peter then under four years of age, notlikingtobe thus laid
up would cry; but his Sifter Ejlher then (even years old, who had
been made apprehenfive ohheir danger, ftopt his mouth with her hand,
whereby fhe made him ftruggle, and to make fome noife -, which to
drown with another, Ritffma pretending to reach fomething upon a
flielf made the Pewter fall, and then took it up again wiih much ruft-'
ling till the Murtherers were gone. As foon as they were: out of doors,
fhe ran to help the Child, whom ihe found well-nigh fmothered with
the (lopping of his wind : but he foon recovered, and the Children
were kept fate in her houfe till their Parents fent for them. Thus God
doth many times prefervc the infancy of his fervants from the rage of
Satan and the world.
The day before that terrible exectition, the King difpatched Polls in-
to divers parts of the Kingdom, commanding the Governours of Ci-
ties and Provinces to do the like : but this Commiflion was perform-
ed with more or lefs feverity according to their feveral inclinations :
for the fame night at yWM«.v, and the daies cnfuing at Orleans, Ro-ven,
Soargcs, Angiers, Tholoufe, and many other places, but above all at
Lions, there was a mod bloody (laughter of the Hugoyms. On the
other fide, in thofe places where the Governours were either Depen-
dants on the Princes, or followers of the hv!x\Vj oi Montmorancy, the
Order was but (lowly and remifly executed. And in Provence the
D d d Count
%l)t ccciermftical i^iUo?^ cent. 1 6.
" Count oiTende tdwkd ppenly lo obey it, for which caufe being a while
after at the City of Avignon^ he was fecretly made away, andCas it
was believed ) bythe King's Coninniffion.
The third day after the death of the Admiral, the| King accompa-
nied by all the Princes and Lords othis Coiin, went unto the Parliament,
where he pretended, that he hadmiraculoufly difcovered the confpiracy
of the Admiral and his Complices to take away his life, and not his
alone, but the lives of the Queen-Mother, and the Dukes of^«;o«and
Jlan^ on his Brothers, and even the King of Navarre'^ alfo, who be-
caufe he was alienated from their party, was efteemedno lefs their ene-
my than all the reft. He gave order it fliould be recorded among the
ordinary Ads of that Court, that whatfoever had befallen the Admiral
and the reft of his fadion, either in ?aris or any other part of the
Kingdom , was done by his will, order, and exprefs Commif-
fion.
Then he commanded them to proceed to the examination of Prifoners,
to defame the memory of the dead by laying open their Rebellions,
and by infliding fuch punifliments upon them as the ftridnefs of the
Law required. And laftly, he caufed to be publifhed, notonlyin the
Parliament, but likewife in all the Streets oiParis, that they fliould
defift from further effufion of blood. The Parliament condemned .Sn-
^«fw^W,and C^t/4g*wj, two Proteftant Noble-men. They laboured by
torturing them to extort from them a confeffipn 6f the fore-alledged
Confpiracy. But the Noble-men died conftant in the true Faith, with-
oiit any confeflion of fuch Treafon as was alledgcd. They were pub-
tickly torn with Pincers, and their bodies quartered. Notwithftanding
they were not afliamed in their names after their death to publifh a
confeffion of horrible Treafon, which they never confefTed whilft they
were yet alive..
The King commanded alfo a Statue of the Admiral's to be broken
AeciiuwMs in pieces, and burned, declaring him a Rebel, a difturber of the King-
of /m««, /it. 3. dom, an Heretick, and an enemy to all good men. The Magiftrates
alfo fentenced ihe Hofiel de Chdfiitlon to be razed to the very ground,
and all his Pofterity to be deprived of Nobility, and made incapable of
bearing any Office or polTeffing any goods in the Kingdom off r > ofthefrfwc^Church. ^ ^ Thefe
Cent. \6, Of FRANCE. ^^ 55
Thefe high projeds were hearkened unco, receivedand favoured in
the Court of Rome. The Articles of ^his Affociation were firft drdwn
at Perome in Picardy, but difguifed with goodly (hews to bl'nltheta
that would exaoaine them more exacftly ; which were , To maintairt
the Law of God, to refiore the holy fervice thereof. To frefcrye the
King and his Succejfonrs in the Efiate^ T>ignity^ Service, and Obedi-
ence due unto him by his SHbjebis. T» refiore unto the Efiates of the
Realm their Rights, Preheminenciei and Ancient Liberties. And for
the execution of thefe Articles, a certain form of Oath was propound-
ed, infliding pains of eternal damnation to the Affociates, that for any
pretext whatfoever fhould withdraw themfelves from this League 5
and a Bond for fuch fhould be enrolled, to employ their goods, perfons,
and lives, to punifh, and by all means to ruine the enemies and pertur-
bers thereof, and to punifhthera that fhould fail, or make any delays by
the Authority of the Head, as he fhould think good.
This being done, many Pofls went to and fro carrying the news of
thefe defigns. They caft many Libels through the Streets in many
great Towns. They murmure that the Proteftants are too much fup-
portedr by the Edid:. And under this plaufible nameof the Church,
the people give ear to fuch as are ready to thrufl: them into Mutiny.
The King was daily advercifed of thefe things. But on the other fide
he hated the Proteflants, and fought to ruine them by degrees, but not
by any Inftruments without his Authority. His Mother likewife hated
them to the death. She caufeth the Duke her Son to come to the
Court, and the King to be reconciled to him.
The King calls an AlTembly of the States at Bloyes, where Peter X
£//i/«<2cArch-BifIiop of Lions, and the Baron of Seiieccy are Speakers,
the one for the Clergy, the other for the Nobility : and both con-
clude a publick Exercife of one only Religion inFrance. Peter Verforis^
Advocate in the Court of Parliament in Paris, Oratour for the third
Eftate, infills on the Union of all the Kings Subjefts in one Religion,
but by mild means and without War. The King feemed to encline only
to alter fome Articles in the laft Edids of Pacification, and not to
abolifhit quite.
But at length the King confenteth to root out all other Religion but the
Popifh, to banilh all Miniflcrs, Deacons, and Overfeers of the Reform-
ed Religion, and yet to take all his other Subjeds of the faid Religi-
on into his protedion, attending that by better inftrudions they might
be brought into the bofome of the Church. But the King of Navarre,
the Prince of Conde, the Marfiial of zJ^iontmorency., d' jinville, and
other Noble-men, both of the one and the other Religion , refufing
to afTift at this prefent Parliament, conclude a nullity of all that was
Decreed to prejudice the Edid ot Pacification, protefting to maintMn
themfelves in the Rights, Liberties and Freedoms which the laft Edid
E e e s had
l6 %\^t etMiminX^X^m Cent. \6,
had granted them. The King of Navarre befeecheth the Eftates by
the Duke of Mont pen fer fwhowasfent unto him) not to infringe the
Edift of Peace-, but to fuffer theProteftants to enjoy that which had been
fo formerly granted. He defireth time to attend the opinion of an
AfTemblyofthofe of his Religion, andoftheCatholick-Aflbciates which
was to be fhortly made at Jldontauhoj}.
The Prince of (/?neie anfwers more fharply, That he doth not ac- •
knowledge the AfTembly at Bloys for the Eftates of the Realm, but a
Conventicle of perfons corrupted by the fworn enemies of the Crown,
who have follicited the aboliiion of the Edift to the fubverfion of the
Realm. That he hath alwaies honoured the Clergy and Nobility, but
he pities the people, whom this Affembly at Floys fought to
ruine.
The chief of the Politicks declare, that they adhere not to any other
Religion than that of their Fathers, but* they are againft the taking from
the Proteftams the publick Exercife which had been fo folemnly allow-
ed theth. The Duke of nJ^fontfenfier ("being returned) perfwaded
to have the Edift confirmed. JohnBodin ^ a man famous for Learn-
ing and experience in State- affairs, one of the Deputies of the Com-
mons of r>rfKi««'^«'j, fiieweth to the AiTembly how ruinous and fa-
tal the new taking up of Arms would be, repeating from the beginning
all the dangers and miferies of the late Wars, which made adeepim-
preffion on the minds of the third Eftate. But the other Orders being
byalTedand pre-ingaged, it was determined by plurality of voices, that
requeft fhould be made unto the King, to eftablidi only the Ramijh
Religion in the Kingdom, and to exclude for ever all Communion with
the Hitgonots. Neverthelefs Bodin procured certain words to be en-
tred in the Records of the Order of Commons, to certifie their defire
of unity in Religion without th€ noife of Arms, and the neceffity
of War.
This Bodin was a man eminent as well among Proteftants as Papifls,
though himfelf profefled the Romijh Religion. His Learning and skill
in Politicks , appears in his great Book de RepMica. ThuanM high-
ly commcndeth his writings. I^offevine diflikes his Methodiu Hiflori-
C0, becaufe he makes luch honourable mention of the Proteftants there.
Some commend his Theatrnm Naturae, for a choice piece, a Book
full of natural curiofities.
The King gives notice to his Governours, and publilheth by his Let-
ters Patents, that he is refolved to grant the Eftates their requefts
touching the Exercife of one only Religion. And thus the fii^th Civil
War begins in (jaienne.
During the Parliament the Deputies of the Low Countries demand
fuccours of the King, and the Duke of Anjoit for Proteftour of their
liberties againft the jnfolencies of the Spaniards, jinjoit is now decla-
red
Cent. i<$. of FRANCE.
red the King's Lieutenant General. They deliver him a mighty Ar-
ray, with which ( contrary to the Oath taken by him in the obrervati-
on of the accord, and promife paff'd with the Prince of ^9«flfe and Duke
Cafmire ) he befiegeth and taketh L^-Charite by Compofition , and
Tfoire in Avergne by force, where the blood of the Inhabitants fhed
without pity by the Duke oi Anjou, confirmed the Proteftants in the bad
opinion they had conceived of him.
The Dukioi Mayenne fends forth a Navy to Sea under the Com-
mand of Lafjfac^ which coming before the Ifle oiRe, retired, feeing
the Iflanders refolved to fight if they approached. The Rochellers Arm
feven Ships, thofe of the Iflands five, entreating aid from HoUand and
Zealand, to withftand the force of the Fleer. The Nobility invite all
others to charge themfelves willingly for the maintenance of this
Army. tJMayenne aflaulteth Brovage , a little fquareTown built in
a Marfh, recovered out of the Sea, fortified during the third Peace:
and after the Rochellers had cut ofFfiS hundred of his men, the Town :
foi; want of Viftuals entred into Capitulation, and departed Augitfi
28. 1 577.with their Arms and Baggage, leaving the place at the Duke's
devotion.. But a Peace was concluded at PBiStiers, and was in the end
of September Proclaimed with great joy of either party. This laft Edidt
cut offfome Articles of the fortner, made no mention of Srrangers, left
their confciences free, yet without exercife of Religion, but in Towns
and places where then it was publickly ufed : in the houfes of Gen-
tlemen Feudataries or ('as they call them J ^^e Haute j/tfilce, free ad-
mifiion was given to every, body : but in the houfes of private Gentle-
men, not above the number of feven was allowed, and in a prefixed
place, in every jurifdidion and Baily-wick, except in Parti and ten
Leagues about it, and two Leagues compafs from the Court, wherefo-
ever it fhould be.
But the Marfhal D'anville (who every day withdrew himfelf fur-
ther from the Proteftants ) ceafed not to profecutc thofe by whom he
pretended to be injuriedin Languedoc , under colour of reducing the
places of his Government under his own Command. Nor did the Siettr
des Diguieres in Dolphn/e dare to truft the Peace, nor hazard him-
felf upon the King's word , remembring what had befallen Mot:- -
hrun, in whofe company he had made War, and therefore ftill conti-
nued Armed for his fecurity. And the Papifts when they faw the Pro-
teftants meet at their Sermons, could not fufFer them without mur-
naurings and detractions , which occafioned many contentions, and
fometimes dangerous bloody accidents , whereby a great part of
France (though the Peace was made ) continued ftill in broyU and .
infurredions.
About that time the King created two Marefchals , tnen valiant in
War, and very prudent in Government, viz. Arnnnid Slew de Byren,
and ■>
37
^^8 iLljeccclefiaGicailflllo^p Cent. i6
and Jaqiies Sieur de Matignon ^ men free from the Interefts of ihe
Duke oiCmfe^ depending wholly upon the King's will. AnA Renato
di Birago, the High Chancellour , being made Cardinal, Thilif /f«-
rmlt, y'lfcount de Chivcrny is chofen in his place.
In the year 1579. the King (hews himfelf in piiblick for a mirronr of
.Reformation and Piety : he builds many Monafteries , Chappels, and
Oratories, undertakes many Pilgrimages on foot, confirms the brother-
hood of Psmtents., crefts the Order of Jeronomites, is daily converfanc
with the Cafuchins and pucillans, called Jefuites, and by their in-
ftruftions erefts many Congregations* He carrieth a Crucifix and
Beads in- Procefiion, with a Whip at his Girdle* He caufeth many
Books of Devotion to be Printed : And leads a Life more befitting a
Cloyfter than a Court. He inftitutes the Order of The Knights ef
the Holy Ghoji, binding them to Conditions which carry a ftrift bond
to the Church of ,^owf.
The Duke of ^njou dies, and now the King oi Navarre is by quality
the firft Prince of the Blood, and firfl: Peer off r/e and his adherents, they afTemble the
Heads of their houfe at St. Dennii., and endeavour to renew the Catho-
lique League, which before was almoft laid afide -. for feeing that the
King ballanced the forces very carefully with thofe of the ii/>ir^o«ot
Lords, and that he would not fupprefs that party, which ( as they be-
lieved ) he might eafily have done, and that under feveral pretences he
devefted all the dependants of both Fadions of their places and ho-
nours, to beftow them upon fuch as fhould acknowledge them meerly
from himfelf, they were the more highly incenfed. Nor could it fa-
tisfie them to fee the King taken up with Religious thoughts, and
-addided to a quiet unaftive life : for they knowing his nature, where-
with they had been converfant from his very Childhood, interpreted that
courfe of life to fubtildeep diflimulation.
Wherefore the Duke of Guife^ a man of a very quick infight, difcern-
ing judgement, and high thoughts, determined to prevent, andnotftay
to be prevented. In which refolution he was feconded by his Brother
Loitis the Cardinal, a man of an high fpirit, and great wit, as alfo by
Henry oi Savoy Duke oi Nemours^ and Charles Marquefs oiSan-Sor-
lin ( both Sons of Anna d' Efie\ and therefore his Brothers by the
Mother ) Charles oi Lorain Duke oiAHmale, and Qaiide his Brother,
a Knight oijernfalem, Charles of Lorain Duke d' Elhettf^ Effianuel
Duke de Mercure, and his Brothers* Only Charles Duke of May'
f»«e proceeded more fiowly than rhe reft, who thinking how dange-
rous it would be to hazard their fafety by rafh refolutions , advifed
rhem to prsceed with more patience, and more refped: toward the
iawful poffeflbur of the Crown. But the Duke of (^nife refolute in
his
Ce nt. 1 6r Of F R AKC E. ~" 3^" ^
his thoughts, by the Authority of his Perfon,Vivacity of his courage,and
Eloquence ofhisLanguage,drew all the reft to hisOpinion; and excluding
his Brothers advice fetled all his thoughts upon the machinations of the
League, for the eftablifliment whereof, diflembling his difcontents no
lefs than his jeoloufies and private interefts, he made fhew of ftirring
only for the. refpeds of Religion, and the general good, making an
ill interpretation of all the King's adions, and with many arts and cir-
cumftances aggravating that danger which he pretended hung over the
Catholick Religion in France,
He grounded his fears upon the death ofrthe Duke of Alan^on, and
the Queens barrennefs, which in the fpace often years had had no Son, '
whereby the King dying without heirs of the houfe of Vdoii^ the
Crown fell to the Princes ofBmrbon, and in the firft place to the King
oi Navarre, whom he termed arelapfed Heretick, and an open enemy
to the Roman Religion. He urged, that his coming to the Crown,
would be the univerfalruine of Religion, and the total Converfion of all
France to the Dodrine and Rites oi (^alvin, and therefore fhewed how
all good Catholicks were obliged to look to it in time, and to prevent i^^'--; Hift.oP
the terrible blow of that imminent fubverfion. He fhewed, that when of fi«ce. iih 7.
fometimes he had been conflrained to make War againft the King of
Navarre, he employed the Marefchal de Byron, who ( though a Ca-
tholick in outward appearance J was yet by many former proofs known
to be a favourer of the Hugonots , and interefled in their Fadions,
that therefore he had lately taken (jeneva into his Protedion, fiiewing
dearly to all the world how little he efteemed the Catholick Religion,
and how much he was inclined to the enemies of the Bifhop and See of
Rome. That therefore he had excluded all the Catholick Lords from-
any accefs to the Court, or adminiftration in the Government -, par-
ticularly thofe who had fpilt fo much blood for the prelervation of the
Kingdom and Religion ; and had brought in a new people that were
privy to his defigns, and friends to the Houfe of Bourbon. Thst
therefore he deprived all the old Servants of the Crown of all
their Offices and Honours, of the moft Principal Governments, and
moft fufpeded Fortrefies, to^ut theai into the hands of men that were
Catholicks infheWjbut really partial to Hereticks, and inwardly adhe-
rents to the King oi Navarre. He added, that notwitbftanding the
King's publick (hews of Devotion, yet in his private Lodgings he gave
himfelf over to the unbridled lufts of the flefh, and to the pervcrfe
fatisfyingof his loofe depraved appetite. From which things fet forth
with many fpeciousreafons, he concluded it was time to unite them felves
for their own defence, and to deftroy thofe defigns before they were
brought unco perfedion.
Now the Duke of Gulfs by means of the Preachers and Friers in
Pulpits
'^ %^t euittia^mimttoiv cent. 16.
pulpits and other places of Devotion, labours to infinuate the Catho"
lick League into the People.
An:iong ihefe the chief were GuilUaime de U Rofe, a man of great elo-
quence, who came afterward to be Biiliop of Senla •, Jean Prevoft^
chief Prieft ofS. Sram«, an eloquent and learned man-, Jehan Bou-
cher \yi birth a Panfian, and Curate oiS.Benet's Parilh in the fame
City-, onePtf«fff, aFrier in the Abby of S. P^fn'ci^at Meltm -^ Don,
Chrijttn oi Niz-z^a, \n Provence, Siwd JehanVmceftre^ all famous Prea-
chers. And finally, moil part of the yf//«>e^. And as thefe profecu-
ted the bufinefs of the League in Paris, the fame was done at Lions by
Claude Mattel, a Prieft of the fame Society at Soiffons, by Mathew de
Laimoy Canon of that Cathedral : at Roven by Father Egide Blovin
of the Order of the z^iinims ; at Orleans by Boitrlate a very noted
Divine .^ at Thoitl by Francois de Rof.er , Arch-Deacon of that
Church, and an infinite number of others difperfed through the feve-
ral places oi France, who by their Credit and Eloquence, iometimes in
their Fulpits, fometimes in the Congregations of the Penitents, fome-
times in their fecret conferences at Confellions , did allure the
people, and entice them to enter into that Combination ; which ic
■is likely very many did, out of a refped: to Religion, believing that
thereby the Calvinifts would utterly be rooted out, and the Authori-
ty of the Church be reftored to its priftine greatnefs. But many
entred into that League invited by other ends, and drawn to it by diffe-
rent hopes, orelfe neceffitated by their particular interefts, though all
(hrouded themfelves under the fame cloak of the prefervation and
maintenance of Religion. CW/f; Cardinal oi Bourbon, the third Bro-
ther of Anthony King of Navarre, and Lonys Prince of Conde deceaf-
ed, and Unkle to Henry x.ht^r:dtntYi\x\goi Navarre, is defired for the
Headof theLeague,aman alwaies moffcobfervantofthe^sw/ffc Rehgion,
and an open enemy to the Hugomts. Then the Preachers did publick-
ly in all places term the King a Tyrant, and favourer of Hereticks ;
the people did applaud them, and from this deadly hatred which they
had conceived againft the King, his Council and favourites, fprung
that fury which foon after was difperfed over aU the body of
'France.
On Jjtly 15. 1582. Renauldoi Beaune, Archbifhop of ^^wrg-^/, and
Primate of Aquitain had then fpoken at Fomtainhleau in this (ort.
The whole Church Chriftian and Catholick alTifted by the Legates
and AmbafTadours of the Emperour, of this your Kingdom, and of all
other Chriftian Princes ^ Did call, aftemble, and celebrate the Coun^
cil oiTrent, where many good and wholefome Conftitutions, ufeful for
the Government of the Church, were ordained. To vvnich Council
all the Legates and AmbafTadours did folemnly fwear, in the behalf of
.their Mafters, to obferve and keep, and caul'e it to be inviolably kept by all
. " " ' ' ' ' ' their
Cent. \6. Of FRANCE. -^i
their Subjefts : yea even the Ambafladours of this your Kingdom fo-
lemnly took that Oaih. Now it is received, and obferved by all Chri-
ftian Gatholick Kings and Potentates, this vv:ingdorn only excepted,
which hath hitherto deferred the publication and.receiv!..g of it, to the
great fcandal oftheFrfwfc Nation, and of the Title, MOST CHRI-
STIAN, wherewith your Majefty and, your Predeceflour^ have been
honoured J fo thatundercolour of fome Articles touching ihe liberty of
the Gullican Church, the ftain of Schifm refteth upon your Kingdom
anaong other Countries. Wherefore the Clergy doth now moft hum-
bly befeech your Majefty, that you would be pleafed to hearken to this
publication , and makean end ofallto theglory of God,andthcunionof
his Church.
There was a Nuncio from the Pope who arrived in fr^^we in the be-
ginning of the year 1583. who profecuted this matter with great vehe-
mency ; yet for all this he could not move King Henry III. at all,
the King of iST'^z/^rr^ having written to King //ewji III. concerning it,
the King ol trance made him this anfwer.
Brother^ Thofe that told you, that I rvonUcaufe the Council of TrCT\t
to he puhliped-, vaere not well-informed of tny intentions, for I never fo
much as thought it. Nay, I know well how fuck fublication would be
■prejudicial to my affairs, and I am not a little jealota of theprefervati-
on of my Authority, the priviledges of the Church of ¥rancej and alfo
of the obfervation of my EdiEi of Peace. But it was only propofed
unto me, to cull out fome certain Articles about Eccleftajtical Difcipline,
for the Reforming of fuch abifes as reign in that State, to the glory of
Cod, the edifying of my SubjeBs,and withal the difcharge of my confci-
ence : A thing which never toucheth in thofe Rules which I have fit
down in my EdiBs for the Peace and tranquillity of my Kingdom, which
Irvill have inviolably kept on both fides.
On OUober 1^. 1585. the Biihopand Earlof i\7o;'e« inthename of
the Clergy affembled in the Abbey of St. German near Paris, prefen-
ted to the King a Book, written by the advice of the Prelates of the
Council of Trent. They told him. They brought unto him the
Book of the Law of God, which thry humbly entreated him to
receive.
- The Provincial Synodhcld at /Juw^ made this inftance to the fame
Prince. After that a good number of BiJIiops and Proxies for thofe that
were abfent, together with EcclefafticaL Per font, from all quarters of
our Province of Normandy, were met in our ^Metropolitan Church
at Roan, they tendered nothing more than eamcfily tofollicitc the pub-
HPnng and promulgation of the Council of Trent within this Realm.
Wherefore this our. Affemblyby't'ommonconfent, have refolvedtoprefent
their humble Petition to 'our hjofi Chriflian King in like manner as
was formerly dene by the States of Bloys, and the Clergy convented at
Fff Ivlelun;
41 5t!jc ccclefiailicai l^ido^p Cem. 16.
Melun, that he would be f leafed for f roof of hU true Piety andReligio>iy
to esjayn the publication of thefaid Coancilj Vf hereby the maintenance
of the Church is well-providedfory vehich is obferved to he daily impaired
and abated.
And the Provincial Council of eyiix in Provence, Anno 1585. Pe-
tition the King at the beginning of the Afts, That he out of his fin-
gular Piety, would command the CoUncilofTVraf iobepubliihed,which
had foexadly provided againfl all dangers, wherein the Chriftian. Com-
mon-wealth was then impugned.
We muft not think, that thefe carneft felicitations which the Prench
Ecckfiafticks here made, did proceed Co much from them as frotn the
Pope. One argument hereof which may be allcdged, is this, that they
were not now interefled herein •, for moft of the Decrees which con-
cerned them, were admitted •, and there was no default in the obferva-
tion of them,, unlefs it were on their part : and one company of them
were inferted intheEdid oi'Bloys, the reft in divers other Provincial
Councils holden afterwards in France, the Canons whereof are to be
feenin Print-, ztRoven 1581. ivBourges 15 84. at Ti?«rj 1585. and at
Aix in Provence the fame year.
The better to countenance the League forementioned, it is prefented
to Pope Gregory XIII, that be might blefs it. The Pope was wclU
pleafed they Ihould attempt any thing againft the Proteftants, but he
did not approve thofe Popular Rebellions which were made againft- a
moft ChriftianKing, neither would he be the fire-brand of a War which
he could not quench ; and fo he fent the Deputies back without any
anfwer.
The King of Navarre caufeth the Deputies of the Proteftants to af-
femble ut Alontauban, to refolve of the means to maintain themfelves ,
if the League (abufing the King's name and authority _) fhould fcek to
offend them. The Duke oiE^ernon goeth alfo to the King of Navarre,
to confer with him privately in the King's name.
The chief of the League prefume, That the King means to Arm, and
to employ the King of Navarre's Forces againft them. They fend
forth many Comraiffions in the King's name, that what they did might
be thought as done for his Majeftie's fervice. The King in the end of
March difavows them, and forbids all Leavies ofmenof War. The
King made no War but by writing, feeking firft by gentle means tx)
pacific them ; Hedeclares the Zeal he hath alwaies born to the Catho-
iick Religion, and the neceflfity that forced him to a- Peace.. Then ha-
ving promifed to reftore the Church to her beauty, to content the No-
bility, to eafe the people •, he entreats, conjures, exhorts, and commands
all Clergy-men, Gentlemen, Parliaments, and Towns Corporate, to
abandon all Leagues and AfTociations, Jtnd to unite themfelves under- his
obedience. ' "
'Tlie-
C cnt.i6. > of FRANCE. "4^
The King oi Navarre I'lkQwiCe fets forth a Declaration : and where-
as he was accufed of Herefy, he anfwerech, Thac he was born under
the toleration of two Religions in France : That he wilJ leave that where-
in he was bred, when by a Lawful Council they fhall fhew him another
truth than that which he believeth. He faith, he is notrelapfed, fee-
ing he was not fallen from his firft Opinion. That he is no en^my to
the Catholicks, for that when the Edids had granted Liberty of Con-
fcience , he prefently laid down Arms. That in all places he maintains
his Subjcfts in the (ame Liberty as he found them after the deccafe of
his Mother. That he hath requelled of the King a prolongation of the
Towns which he holds for affurance ofthelxft Edid, and will deliver
them before the time, fo as the League lay afide Arms, and yield un--
to the King the places they had feized. That whereas they declare
him uncapable of the Grown, ittoucheth him very near^ yet doth he
think leaft of it, hoping that God by his bounty will long preferve the
King for the good of his Realm, and will give him ilTue to the grief of all
his enemies.
The Queen-Mother ( accuftomed to fifh in troubled waters^ winkt
at the Duke of Guife, She was contented the Duke (liouid terrifie the
King, to make him abandon the Proteftants, and to force him to banifh
his new Minions from Court, who had brought her in difgrace with
the King her Son. Her ambition moved her hereunto, rather than
any defirefliehad to advance the Duke, and to bring diforder and con-
fufion into the. State, and to ftand alone in the midft of the fe furious
tempefts.
The Heads of the League march with an Army of izooo- men to
Verdun, a City upon the Confines of the Duke, of Xor/, which they
take. And the Duke of Gitije being entred the City, drove out the Go-
vernour with all his adherents, and placed Gtehtald in his place. The
City ofThoul drave out the King's Officers, and freely gave up it felf in-
to the hands of the League.
The Cky of Mirfei lies rifeth in favour of the League, but the Con-
fpirators are fupprefled by the reft of the Citizens. They call the Grand-
Prior of France , Governour of that Province, who was then at j^ix^
at whofe coming (though with but 200 Horfe J ihc Ton de la Garde
was taken , and in it the Conful D.irics , and Captain Chabancs, who
the next morning were executed , by which feverity the City was
kept under the King's obedience. The fame happens at the City oi£ur-
deaux.
Lionsy Bourges, and many other places in the Kingdom, fide with
the League. The King laboureth to difunite the League, by drawing
many particular men from that party^. as alfo the City of Lions: but
feeing his defign fucceedeth not to his mind, he refolves toTrear an agree-
ment with the Confederates. The Queen-Mother goes in:o Champagne
tffa la
44 %l)^- ccciefiaftical ttH OIV cent. \6.
to confer about it with the Duke oiGuife, and Cardinal of Bourbon, And
after many Negotiations the Peace is concluded.
The Kingfay his Edift of j-«/jy 18. revokes all other Edifts in favour
of the Proieftants, he con^mands their Minifters to depart the Realm,
and all his Subjeds within fix Months tomakeprofeffibn of the^o»j?jfe
Religion, or 10 avoid the Country. He approvesthe Leaguers Arms,
as Levied for his Service, allows of their pretexts, and by fecret Arti-
cles concluded at Nemours , contents them in all makers, only with
this condition, to leave the League, and inftantly to lay down ArmSo
- Ye: would they have in their power the Towns of Ch^lon^ Verdun^
Thoulf S. Dijier, Reims, Soijfons, the Caftle of Dijon, Beawne^ Rue
in Picardy, Dinan and Coneq in Britain. They caufed the King to
pay onethoufand two hundred and fix crowns, and two third parts for
the Strangers which they had Levied. They had a difcharge for vaft
fummes which they had taken upon the General Receipts. They ob-
tained an hundred thoufand crowns to build a Citadel at Verdnn,
j(nd entertainment for Guards on horfeback for all the Lords of
the League. This Peace had made a great breach in the King's
Authority. ,. '"' ['..o' v • ,i- .^r -•'• : vJ
The King of Navarre^ feeing ffiis Clouclrfeacly to break upon his
party, complains that the King hath Armed his enemies with his owrt
^ forces and Authority, againft his Eftate, his blood and himfelf. He
layes open by a publick Declaration the caufcs which riiade the League to
take Arms, the vanity of their pretests, the fruit which all France
may expeft by the Treaty of Nemonrs, 8cc. He protefteth by a Law-
ful and neceflary defence to maintain the fundamental Laws of Fami-
lies , and the Eftate^-and liberty of the King and the Queen his
Mother.
Gregory XIU. being dead,- Pope, 5w'f/« V. his Succefibur, cafts
out his lightning, againft the King of Navarre j3iud the Prince of Co»r
de, he Excommunicates them, degrades them from all Digtiities, efpe-
cially their pretenfions to the Crown of France, expofeth their Perfons
and Countries as a prey to fuch as (hould firft feite on them.TheCourt of
Parliament declares the Pope's Bull to be void. The Princes likewife
proteft againft it, and appeal from it as abufive and Icandalous unto th,e
next free and General Council. . , ,..,»./:
The King of Navarre caufeth the Pope's Bull tobeatvfwerecl, ahtj
his appeal to be pofted up in Rome it felf on November 6. in the night.
Ke writes to all the States of the Kingdom of France, exhorting them
not to fuffer the rights of the Succeffion of the Crown of France to be
decided in the Confiftory of Rome. Many Volumes were written
againft an^i in favour of this^ Bull by the chiefeft Wits of £«-
rope^ ' ' ' '
King
Cent, i6. ' of FRANC
45
King Henry the third caufed fome OMer s tt> be cried down "in the ' "
City of Varii^ becaufe he was certified of the Confpiracies which they
made againftthe State: it being notoriouflyknown , that the League
was fworn in Tboloufe by the black Penitehtsy and tliaf'as m«ny t)f
thefe Orders as are in fM»ce, didall coiifpiire to the like ends;
The French Exiles, who dwelt at Momfelgart in the Dutchy of
I'Torrew^erj-jMid in the year 1586. firft folliciic the Divines there, and
then the Duke Frederick^, That there might be a publick Conference
between the German and French Divines about fome Conrroverfies
between them. They aiTemble in zJMarch: the Duke was prefent
all the time. On the one fide ^fidS'Jacbb Ayidrewes Ch'ancelJour ofT«-
bing^ Luke Ojiander oiWortemberg^ zniiVfoCivilians horn the Duke.
And on the other fide were Theodore Eez.a, and Antheny Faivu fit>m '^S'""'^- Epit ! -
Geneva^ Abraham Mitfiulm , and two Civilians from Bern , and ccnt!''r6.''**
Claudim (^Iberim from Laiifanna. Many were the Hearers. '"'• 4-"r-23»
The Articles of which they were tb Difpute, were, i. Of t^e
Supper of the Lord. 2. Of the|Pei^fon of Cfeift. ■• 3. OJlmages,
Temples, and fuch like things. 4.' Concerning BapttftiiV' '^-5.- Of Pife.
deftination. ' " ■ •''■' ■ '^'^^ii :'jo/! c-ii
The firft day, viz.. on March 21 . Thofe ofWorteTnUerg-givt in wri-
ting Thefes of the Lord's Supper, (hewing thai:* all dB'agree that All
doeat Chrift's flefh, and drink. his blood ^irifuslly r all do 'condemn
the renting, of Chrift's flefh tvi^hradns teeth-, as alfo Tranfcbftantia- '
tion, and Phyfical or Local prefence/ So that the only Qi^eftToii is
whether in the Supper the very body and blood of Ghrift, be verily
and fubftantrally prefent, and be diftributed and received with the
Bread and Wine by the mouilr ofall them whoiJ|ceive the' Sacrarrien'r
whether worthy or unworthy,, believers or noT^elieversj'y^tfo that
the believers bnly receiv^ coriiforti' and the tmbelleSfei^idy^t'to their
owndamnation> ' ,..■-■'!■ -'■•-'i^iji ? \ _ .njit : r, rbi/iw ,',.;.} ;■.,!, •
We hold the afflrmative (^aytheyi,'7 thi^'fs; by'4li»fe #6Fa,?[^ /^,
with, and under the Br^ad, 1 vrt uhde'rfland -nothing but t^iat they Pin-.EccieCHift,
who eat that Bread, and drink rKacWiiie, do receive ChriftV^jbdy and cent, is.pm.j*.
blood with the Bread and Wine. 2/ By the woi-ijsf^ S»bflan;ialh,
EfentiaJly, 'Really^' and Ondly;^ wetiiean 'ri6'6thcrjt^t' cht i^o'y .briilg
and prefehce' of his body and bl|odd.' 3 : They argbe' frbra the trutfi m"
thrift's words, [_Thisis my body^ "] ^rid the- Almighty' power 'of
Chrift, feeinghis words dechre his will, and by hiis pywer^ic: can give
his body unto all Receivers. 4. The manner how the worthy and uii-
worthy receive Chrift's body, is not ejjprefledin ScHpture ■ and we
fay, it is fupernatural and incoojprehenfible'by the-«rttiof nrert\ and fiioiiffj
notbe difputcd, nor curioully feiji'rched-. - ■■-"■'_"■,' ' ' .?"'"'■ ' < '
■ *rhefe Thefes were given untd ^txrf, 'at ?t tVaj aj^diiited, i3nd.tli'i
next day he brought his anfwer and Prop'ofitions. ' The SBBttin' is;
I. A
46 ■" Xl)e etCltUMal i^iUOt^ ' Gent.:K$.
I. A Sacrament inthe flriift fenfe, is a fenfibie thing appointed ( by
D.vine inftitution ) to befeparated from common ufe to fignifie fpiritu-
al and holy things ; and this iignification confifts not in a bare reprec
;-fcntacion, whereby the mind is admonifiied to conceive the thing fig-
nified ( this is the ufe of Piftures ) but on God's part : with the figns is
alfo a very giving of thyfe things which are fignified and offered unto
our fouls. 2. We teach, that accordiag toChrift's Inftitution, by
the Bread is fignified thrift's body, by the Wine his blood ; by break-
ing of the Bread and pouring out of the Wine are fignified thofe grie-
vous torments which he fuffered for us in his body and foul: by out-
. ward giving the Bread and Wine, the fpiritual giving the things fignifi-
ed by Chrlft unto our fouls : by outward taking the figns is fignified the
. fpiritual receiving of Chrift by Faith Sacramentally and truly. 3 . The
Sacramental union of the figns and things fignified confifts in a mutual
relation , as is now faid : for the verity of Chrift's body (' which is
local, and circumfcribed both before and after his glorification ) cannot
confift otherwife. Again, many paflages of Scripture that (hew the
^ true and Phyfical afcending of Chrift from the Earth, and his return-
ing from Heaven unto judgement, do confute the Daftrine of Co»y«&-
Jiantiation. 4. When the word Sacrament is taken in a more large
• fcnfe, it confifts of two things, one Earthly, another Heavenly. We
teach. That Earthly things are received by Earthly Inftruments, viz..
-. the Hand and Mouth 5 but the Heavenly things are apprehended only
Spiritually by Faith : becaufe albeit Chrift's body is a truly Organical
body, yet analogy requires, That fuch as the nourifhment and end there-
of is,, fuch aifomuftbe the manner of receiving it. But the nourifh-
ment and end ther^.is fpiritual, that is, . they concern ?our fpiritual
union with Chrift ,Tmd eternal life through him. Therefore theman-
rer of receiving thofe muftalfobe fpiritual, by the proper Inftrument of
the foul, which is Faith. And therefore feeing the bodily receiving of
theifigns, is a pledge of the fpiritual receiving, thefe words, ^Eat and
Dyink.2 ^s they are properly fpoken of receiving the figns, fo are
they fpoljen figuratively of the thing fignified , wz.. by a Sacramental
Metonyij6y, whereby that which agreeth unto the figns, is fpoken of
the things ;fignified , and fo both thofe receivings cannot be by the
mouth. Again, if the fubftanceof Chrift's body were received bojily,
itfliould remain in the faithful at leaft, and they fhould become the
fubftantial or bodily members of Chrift, and fo the Church were not
his myftical body, but a body verily and fubftantially confifting of the
fubftance of his body, and of the bodies of all Believers. 5. Tiie pro-
•per effeft of the Supper is. the falvation of the worthy Communicants
by confirming their fpiritual union in Chrift: and another effeftcbut
by accident) is the condemnation of them who cotae unworthily , that
£5, ignorant of this myfteryj or cneerly incredulous and without re-
" " ^ pentancej
Cent. \6, Of FRANCE. 47
pentance j and this condemnation proceeds not from the Supper, but
from the unworthy ufing of it.
Then unto the queflion ( as it was propaunded ) "Bez-a anfwered ne-
gatively, not denying that the body ofChriftis truly offered unto all
that come, but to be received by Faith, and not by the Mouth : and al-
beit the whole Sacrament be tendered unto all that come, yet unbelie-
vers receive only the figns, and they are guilty of Chrift's body and
blood, not which they have received, but which they have cV-
temned. Unto the two arguments he anfwered, we deny not the truth
of Chrift's words, but we expound them according to the Analogy of
Faith contained in the Creed, unto, which Faith Confubftantiation is
contrary. And although Chrift, as he is God, is Almighty, y«t his
Manhood is not Almighty : and as he is God he cannot do what he
hath not decreed to do, or what is contrary unto his decree-, not be-
caufe he is not Almighty,, but becaufe to change his Will ( and fo to be
mutable) is not a power, but an infirmity. But God hath ordained,
that Chrift's body fhould be local and circumfcribed, drc. On this
Article the Difputation continued three daies, the one preffing the
truth of the words. This u my body : and Bez.a urging the Analogy of
Faith, and the like phrafe of other Sacraments. Neither of the two
A would yield.
Then they pafTed unto the Article of the Perfon of Chrift:. Thofe
of Wortemberg agreed that the Son of God hath aflumed the nature of
man, and became like unto us in all things except fin -.that he hath af-
fumed this nature into the unity of his Perfon-, and he is one perfon;
fo that the two natures are moft ftriftly united, not by confufion or
commiffion, or abforption, or tranfmutation of either of thefe natures
before nor after his alcenfion : for untwthe perfeft Perfon of the Me-
diatour both natures are required, neither can the properties of the
one nature be the properties of the other ;. for then would follow an
abolition of one of thefe natures. Alfo the properties of tbe hu-
mane nature are the gifts that were given unto him without meafure,
by which he excelleth all men and Angels : In the Perfon of Chrift
is a Communication ot properties, whereby the properties of both na-
* tures are fpoken of his perfon -, and the properties of the oik nature are
given unto the other , bythat Dotbtiine which is cMtd Daurina idio-
matum. So when it is faid, the Son of God communicates his proper-
ties unto the afTumed nature fwx.. his Omnipotence, or Omniprefence}
it is not meant as ifhe poured into the affamed nature (as athing is
poured from one Veffcl into another ) his piopc-riies ; as if humane na-
ture by it felf , or of it felf, or confidered tu abflra^o without his per-
fon, had proper Omiiipotency : neither may we think that his hu-
mane nature is made an infinite fubftance, oruncircumfcribed,. or ex-
tended unto all places, q^c. When we Ppeak of the real communica-
lion^.
48 %l)t ealttMit^^MlV Cent. 16.
tion of properties , wej mean not^hat'one nature pafTeth into ano-
ther, b-ut we oppofe real unco verbal communication, which makes on-
ly names common unco the natures.
Then the queftion is, whether for the Perfonal union there be a
real communicacion of properties between the two natures in his Per-'
fon ; or chat the one nature communicates its-properties unto the other^
and how far this communication is extended ? We believe ( faid they )
th* upon the Perfonal union follows fo real a communicacion ofpro-
percies, whereby the Son of God communicates unco the affumed na-
ture his omnipotence , omniprefence, c^c. by which communication
the Godhead becomes not weaker, but his humane nature is exalted,
and not aboliflied, as is the union of the body and foul, and the fire and
iron. They faid, that the humane nature is Almighty, becaufe the
Scripture aicribes to him as he is Man, all Power, eJ-c. They added.
This our Mediatour is to be adored with all Religious worfhip accord-
ingco both natures, for wehaie not two Chrifts ; bu: of whole
Chrift it is (aid^Let all the u^ngels worjl::p him ,
On the morrow Siz.a anfwered thus, There is ambiguity in the word
Commmkatio'n -^ it fignifies the Perfonal union, and alio the effeftsof
it. We believe f faith he J a real communication, that is, an union _,
of natures; in which union bpthnatures remain dillind, both in their 'i'
own properties ^ and therefore chat communication is not fo much as
verbal,but is as falfe, as if you would fay,his Humanity is become his Dei-
ty. Although all the properties of the Deity may be attributed unto
Chrift-raan , that is, unco his Perfon even named by his Manhood, or
i/i concreto, as we fay, The Man Chrift is Almighcy and ecernal :
but neither m;y the natures be fpoken one of another, neither the pro-
perties of the one be given to the other. For this is a fure rule. In che
Ferfonal union boch natures remain diftinft, and they both diftinftly
do what is proper unto them. Briefly, as there are two natures in Chrift,
diftind in number, and not feparated one from the another, fo there
are two wills, and two workings or operations, but one work as there
is but one Peffon. We profefs alfo that Chrift reigneth now, and
hath all Power both in Heaven and in Earth according to boch natures,
but not frsfenter in refpeft of his flefh ; for now (as the Apoftic
faith ) we are ftrangers from Chrift, and he defired to be out of che
body , that he might be with Chrift. And it is faid, he will come
again, viz.. bodily, and vifibly. Laftly, in that one adoration of our
• one and only Mediatour according to both natures, we divide not the
Perfon, but we diftinguifli the nat'ures : for the Wordk the true and ab-
folute objeft of our adoration, and adoration is due unto God only.
Bat we exclude not that fiefti from our adoration , kR ( vfhh Nefiori-
•tts) we "divide his Perfon -, yet fo, that we worfhip that flefh not in
. \ ^\'- - ■ it
Cent. 1(5. of FRANCE. 49
it klf, but refpeAively as it is the flefli of the Son of God. They
difputed on this Article other three daies, but no agreement.
On March zj. Thofe oiWortemberi%z.sz their Propoficions of Po-
pifli Churches , Images in Churches, &c. They agreed. That thefe
are in themfelves inditFerent, if theabufesbe fliunned.
Then they gajre Thefes of Baptifm, whether Baptifm istheLavcrof
Regeneration in the holy fpirit ? or whether it beonlyafignfignifying
and fealing adoption ? The Wortembergers faid, It not only fignineth
andfealeth adoption, but it is the very Laver of Regeneration. They
enlarged hereupon. Bez.a gave his anfwer in writing, viz.. That the
Sacraments are not bare figns^. but the efficacy of the Holy Ghoft fhould
be diAinguiflied from the power of the water, as they are diftin-
guilhed by John Baptifi in Matth. 3. And he declares the
words of the Inftitution, and theeffeft of Baptifm. Jacob Andrexvs
held there is but one Baptifm, becaufe St. Pf, in afweec
fertil Countrey, well peopled, famous for the fludy of theLaw, and
commodioufly feated to fall into all the Provinces oi (pallia Ctltica,
which largely invirons it on every iide. But this Caftle of Angien
was. recovered by the Catholicks before it was relieved, and the Prince
of.
Cent. \6. Of FRANCE. 51
of Condv not knowing what was done, coming to relieve Jngiers^ was
defeated.
The King fets forth divers Armies, one under the Duke of Mi!yif»w.-
the Marefchal de Byron mircheth with another Army into Xantonge.
The King fets forth two other Armies, one under the Duke oijeyenfe
in Avergne, the other under the Duke of Ejpermn in Provence • he
himfelf goes to Lions, Then the Proteftant Princes of Germany
raife a mighty Army to relieve the Hugomts. They fend an Embaffie
before unto the King of France^ which encreafeth the difcontents, and
hafteneth the taking up of Arras. The King feeks to perfwade the
YtSngoi Navarre to turn Catholick, and come to Court ; he fends the
Queen-Mother to Treat with him in Poicleu about ir. Thofe of the
League are highly difpleafed and murmure at ir. And from that occa-
fion the union of the "Parifians is fomented, who provide, and Arm
themfelves fecretly. They plot to furprizc Bolongne in Picardy^ but the
bufinefsis difcovered,and the Town is faved.
The Duke of Guife being up in Arms in Burgundy and Champagnty
takes Aufonne and Rocroy, and befiegeth Sedan. The Queen-Mother
returns from the King oi Navarre to Taris^ but without efFed. The
King makes a new Protcftation not to Tolerate tTie Hugonots any lon-
ger. He unites himfelf with the Catholick League to oppofe the ^fr-
man Army. He fends the Duke aijoytnfe into Poidva againft the King
of A^^ji/^rre, who coming -unexpeftedly, cuts off two Regiments Of the
Hugonot Infantry.
The Duke of Gnife draws his Army together to advance againft the
Germans in Lorain, The King levieth Swijfes, and raifeth great For-
ces for the fame purpofe. The Count of Soijjons, and the Prince of
Conti go over to the King of iV<«i/^?-re's party. The Duke of Lor^iw
united with the Duke oiGuife oppofeth the entry of the Germans into
his Countrey. They aim it Pont Sx., Vincent, but give not BitteL
The Germans pafs on into France -, the Duke of Gitife foiloweth them,
and the King with his Army advanceth to hinder them from joyning
with the King oi Navarre ^ who advancing in themean timetomeet
the Duke of Joyenfe, pafleth the River Drongne. The Armies face
one another at ^e«fr.i^, and fight with all their Forces, where the Duke
of Joyeufe loft both the Battel and his life.
On the other fide the Duke of Gitife fights with the Germans at
Vtllemory , and Aitneau, and makes a great flaughter of them. The
King following the VicSory comes up dofe to the enemies Army. The
Svfijfes yield themfelves unto him, and the remainder of the Germans
disband, and betake themfelves to flight. They are followed and defea-
ted in many places. The Duke of ^ow/^ea with a few horfe making
his efcape by the way of Roafie and Lionois^ after many dangers get-
teth to (jeneva^ where he died within a few daics after, leavino his
G g g a Eftatc
51 %l3t ccclefialiical i^ifto^t_ ^^^^- ^^*
Eftate to his Sifter, whom he recommended to the care of the Duke
of Montfeiifer. The Sieur de Qoaflillonj having often fought with the
Forces of Bnrgundy and Lionois with great fuccefs and valour, got at
laft into LanguedoCy and retired himfelf into his wonted Governmenc
in Vivarez.. The Sieur de CUrvant^ hid among the Swij^^/ that went
with a fafe-conduft, efcaped in their company to Bafil. The Prince
of Conti with a few Horfe, lurking in remote places, got at laft un-
known to his own houfe : and the other Commanders taking leveral
ways ran very various fortunes. The Reiters divided themfelves into
two parts, one with the Baron a!' Oeneaw, and Colonel 'Z)-f/« paf-
fed through 5«-Po»r,and
the Duke of Guife^ by whom being overtaken without the Borders of
FroJicCj they were all cut in pieces in many feveral encounters. Thefe
Heads of the League alfo facked and burned the Towns and Caftles of
that Country. The Germans fick with Feavers, and weakened with
bloody- flix, falling down by the High-wayes, and in the Towns as they
paffed, were miferably flain by the Country-people. Eighteen of them
who were left fick in a poor Cottage in Burgundy ^ had their throats
cut with a knife by a Woman, in revenge of thofe lofles flie had fu-
ftained.
The three thoufand Svpijfei which were gone into Daufhine, under
the Command of the Sieur de Cougy^ to jbyn with Lefdiguiers, Thefc
Svpips accompanied with four hundred French Musketiers, as they
paffed the River Ifare, were affaulted by Monfteur de la f^alette^ Brother
to the Duke oi Ejpernon, with the Cavalry oi Province, and by Colo-
nel Alfonfo Ornano of the Ifle of Corfea^ with the Infantry of Dan-
j)hine\ and fo furioufly charged there, that all the reft being flain upon,
the place, only fixty of them efcaped frona fo great s flaughter. Where-
upon alfo the Sieur Lefdiguiers him-felfwas forced to feek fecurity
among the Mountains, .
Then the King returned to Taris armed, and entrcd as it were in
triumph on December 2^. 1587. but the whole glory redoundfed to the
Duke of Guife, who being become admired, was celebrated by the
tongues and pens of all his adherent?..
The Duke of Guife caufeth a writing to be prefented to the King m
his own name ,. and the names of the other Heads of the League ,
wherein they demanded in fubftance : That he would unite himfelf tru-
ly with them, andfincerely make himfelf Head of the Leaguf, to the
extirpation of the Hugomts. That he (hould put thofe perfons from
the Court, from his Counfcls, and from their Offices, whofhouldbe
named by the Catholick Princes as ill-affeded to Religion.- That he
would
Cenc. i6. Of FRANCE.
_- — ))
would make theCouncIl of TRENT to be received and obferved thfough
the whole Kingdom, only excepting thofe things which did prejudice
the prviiedgeoftheG'^//if^« Church. That he weuld grant fome places
which fhould bethought fie, unto the confederate places for their fecu-
rity, wherein they might keep Garrifons, and make necefTary Fortifi-
cations at the expence of the Crown. That he would maintain an Ar-
my about the Confines of Lay^w, under the Command of one of the
Confederate Princes, to hinder the incurfions of Forreigners. That
he would caufc all the Eftates of the Hugonots to be confifcate and
fold, wherewith the expences" of the late Wars mioht be fatif-
ficd.
The end of the demand was only to make the King contemptible, fuf-
pefted to hvom the HugomtSy and furnifh the League with an occafi-
on and pretence to take up Arms, and profecute their begun-defigns
while the profperity of their fortune lafted. The burdens which the
War, the maintaining of fo many Armies, and his profufe manner of
fpending, daily increafcd, had lofl the hearts of the people to the King,
ThenoifeoftheDuke ofG«i/f's Vidories had obfcured the Majefty of
the King's name, his obftinate favour to his Minions, had alienated the
minds of his moft ancient and devoted Servants ; and the people of
Taris fwayed by the ambition of the Council ofSixteenin that City
conftituted by the ij[/^j and fr£«cfe out of the Suburbs into the City, and Lodgeththem
in divers quarters. Theptoplegrow amazed • the chief of the League
terrific them with the apprebenfionof a fpoi! j ihey 'fliut up their
fhops , and leaving their. traffi<^.ue betake themfelves to Airras.
, The Parifians raifed at the Ringingof the Bells, make Barricado's
€rofs the Streets ; and blocking up all the King's Cor^s de Garde, comz
up to the Louvre. The Sveijfes were prefently aflaulted in St. Inno-
cent's Church-yard, where .3 6» of them being flaifl in the firft-onfer, the
reft yielded themfelves without refifirince, and with great violence were
pillaged by the people.. All the other Guziiis, oh\\tChaflelet, the lit-
tle Bridge, the Butchery, and the Town-houfe, were afTaulted at the
fame time, the Smifes being in- the fame manner difarmed, and made
Prifoners at the peoples difcrecion. They made iht French Guards to
put out their matches, and lay. down their Arras, and kept them in that
raanneriill they had further order,
- The Duke of Guije feeing the City in his power, and the King (as ic
were ) a Prifoner, ceafeth to profecute the forcing of the Louvre^ and
appeafeth the people, but gave order that the Barricado's (hould be
continued, That the people Ihould be every where in a readifiefs .
towards Taris ) faid, O di flay al and ingratefnl City, a {'ity which L'""'^-'^'-'"'^^^-
have ahvuiis honoured with my con ftant abode -^ xvhich I h.tve more en-
ritthed thxnany of my Predcccffours, I will never enier vVithin tJjc'com'
.fafofthj Wills, but by the nmieof a great and meMor'abU bre.xh.Ciirfed
itkfWffe uc yoikall, for vphofe- content I have pittchafed the hatred of fo
many. The
■^6 . Xfte €ccleftaO:tcalt(fto;t|> cem. i6.
The Duke being angry ac the news of the King's fudden departure,
labours to fecure his abfolutc power in Paris^ andfcizethon the Sa-
fiille. The Cafuchins are fent in Proceffion unto Chartres to mitigate
the heat of his tury.The chief of theCity alfogo tobefeech him toretura
. !to Parii. Seven demands are made by the League, viz. the exiirpa-
tion of Herefy by his Majeftifis Forces, and the holy union : thebanifli-
ment of the Duke of Ejpermn., and of his Brother deU Vaktte ■, War
in Gtdenns by the King in Perfon , and by the Duke of Mayenne is
Danlphine, Abolition of the tumults of Paris : confirmation of Offi-
ces ehofeii for Civil Caufes fincc tfie Barricado's : a reftoring of the
goodly and ancient Ordinances of the Realm j and an abolition ofpar-
ties, gifts , and abufes brought in by £j^fr/»(7«, and /« ^j, who profe--
cutes and amplifies the King's Speecb.To which the Archbifhop ot\5()/, and Count Soiffons t of theHoufeof5o«r^(?», which
much troubleth the Duke oiCuife,
The King being no longer able to bear the infolencies of the Duke of
Citife , refoives upon his deftruftion : and to bring the matter
the better to pafs, ( feemipg ( as it were ) to be ftirred by
devotion) determined to renaovetoa Cell, meaning there to be con-
fefled, and receive the Sacrament. He called into his Chamber four
of his Council, fuch as he befttrufted, to whom hedifcovered the
injuries and indignities he had received of the Duke of ^««/f, his ex-
treme ambition ; the danger himfelf flood in by the Treafons con-
tinually pradifed by the faid Duke and his Confederates againft his
'Perfon. He told them he was determined to have the Duke flainas
a Traytour, which was confented to. The evening of the 22. day of
•December being come, the King commanded Monfieur de Larchant^
one^of the Captains of his Guard, to double them rhe next morning,
'"and to keep the Hall door, after the Lords of the Council were gone
in J but that he (hould do it in fuch a manner, as thcDukeofCwy^
might not fufpeft any thing, which was done.
In the morning the King made himfelf ready before day, under ^^'^wi'^-o*"
'colour of going Perfonally to the Council , and pretending he (hould \iFr7nc7iX '
ftay there many hours, difmilTed all his Servants : and in his clofet
there only remained kevol Secretary of State, Colonel Alfenfo Cor-
Jo, and Monfiettr de la Baftide, a Gafcort^ who were all command-
ed by him to ftay there. In his Chamber was St» Trisj one of his
old Gentlemen-waiters; in the Wardrobe "the Count t/eTirrww, Great
Chamberlain, and in the Anti-chamber two Pages, an Ufher that
waited at the Council-chamber-door, and Lognac, with eight of the
five and fourty, to whom tlie King had with very great Promifes
fignified his pleafurc , and found them moft ready to obey his com-
mand. At break of day the Counfellours met,and went into theGreatHaH.
The Duke being come into the Council, fitting near the fire, fell
into a little fwound, but quickly recovered. Secretary Revol came
into the Council out of the Anti-chamber, and told him the King
would have him to come unto him in the Clofet. The Duke arofe,
andentired into the Anti-chamber, which prcfently being locked af-
ter him, he faw there only eight Gentlemen of the King's Guard
which were well known unto him : and as he went from thence in-
to the Clofet, he -Aretcht forth his hand to lift up the hanging of the
Hhh a ~ door :
6p xSeeccieGa(ltcaii|iUo?p eem. td
T^eDukeof door : butat that inftant S. Malln^ one-of the eight, ftabbed him
C(«, with oAnne d' EJie , D.uchefs. of Newours^
and Mother to the CHifcs. Pelicart, ths Duke ofGuife's Secretary,
was likewife taken, with all the writipgs which belonged to his
Lprd : among which they found many- fetters, containing divers pra-.
«9^ices within and without the. Kingdom, jhe accounts of m.oney which
he had received from Spainj to the fumm of two millions of Du-
cats. Many whom the King dcfired to get into his bands, efcaped the
fury of that prefcnt revenge. The body of the dead Duke being laid
up in a green cloth , was carried by the door-keepers into the,
great room beyond ihs King'.s .Giofgt, and. there laid . till further
order. ■.', .,-•
Then the King fent Revol to the Cardinal-Legate ■ to give him
notice of all that had pafTed, and to entreat him to meet him at
Mafs, fhewing how great a defirc he had to be excufed ro the Pope.
Then haviiig caufed. the doors to be opened and every one to be admitted
into his. Chamber, he faidwiih a loud voice. That from thence-for-
ward he would have his.Subjefts learn to know and, obey him, that
every, one therefore from that time fliould forget ftubbornnefs and
Rebellion : for he woiJd be a King not only in words but in deeds
ajfo. . So with an angry look, and fowr countenance, he wegt down
the flairs into his Mothers Lodgings.,.
The Qu^en having been ill, layj in her bed when the King casie
unto her,,. to whom.thc King faid. This morning I have made myfelf
King of France, having piit to death the King of Tar is. The Qutta.
replyed : You have madethe Dukeof
in pieces by the fury of the multitude -, and fome came to find reme-'
dy agai)ift the unbridled rafhnefs of the common people. But it was-
all in vain. Charles of Lorain, Du!^e of Aumale, being made Go-'
vernour of Paris by the. City, Arms the people, and orders them'
regularly under Cjipmmanders. The Preachers frera their Pulpits-
trumpet out the praifes of the Duke of Guifcs Martyrdom, and de-
tcftations of that flaughter committed by the King. Upon December
28-.. the Council of Sixteen cauRd a writing to be piefcnted to ths.
Cclicdg? -,
6i %l)t CccIeOadical ^miv <^^^- ^^'
Colledge ofDivines,' called the Sorhonne, in the name of the Provoft
and Efchairs of the City, wherein relating how much the Lords of
Guifc deferved of the Catholique Church , and their being murde-
red by the King as Proteftors of the Faith, They demanded whether
he might not Lawfully be faid to have forfeited his Crown, and
whether it were not Lawful for his Subjeds fnotwithftanding their Oath
of Allegiance ) to withdraw their obedience from him, as a Perfecu-
tor of the holy Church, who had embrued his liaiids in the blood of a
'Sacred Cardinal.
The Colhigi o^Sorhonney declares Henry III. to have forfeited
his Right to the Crown, and his Subjefts free from their Oath of
Allegiance. The Kings Arms and Statues are throwii down •, the Na-
varrifis and Politicl^s are flain : many quiet men left their houfes in
thofe tumults to fave their lives. All the Streets were full of Arms,
noifes, and confufions, and the meaneft people raging againft the
'marks of Royalty, committed intolerable infolencies. The Preachers
aggravated the Parricide committed by the King, and all places were
jfuU of Libels both in Verfe and Profe, which contained and amplifiei^
the fame things feveral waies.
By the advice of the Council of Sixteen all the Counfellours of
Parliament and Officers who adhered to the King , are imprifoned
in the Baftitte, And the Parliament being afterwara affembled to the
■number of i6». they with a Publick Declaration aflented to the de-
pofing of the King, and to the freeing of the City, and fubftituted new
^men in the places of thofe whom they had put out and imprifoned.
They alfo made a Decree to unite and combine themfelves for the de-
fence of Religion, calling that League rJbf //ff/y union.
At the infurreftion of the Parliament and City of P/jm, the grcatcfl:
Cities and moft Warlike People ©f France^ took Arms likewife, and
made a General Commotion j fo that the party of the League \yas
rot only grown very great by the conjunftion of tlie principal Cities,
but was alfo ftrengthened by the atetting of the Nobility, in whom for
the moft part the-Forces of that Grown confift.
All the Provinces of the Kingdom were divided and difmembred, Ci-
ties were againft Cities, Caftles againft Caftles, Lords, Gentlemen,
and meaner perfons againft one another : the Laws were trodden
down, the bond of common Charity broken, the Magiftrates dri-
ven away from all places, and a moft cruel Civil War with fire,
daughter, Blood, and rapine, was begun, fo that all commerce being
broken ofF, the Wiies bcfet, the Gentry and Commons Armed, an4
even the very Clergy incompafled with Guards tnd weapons, fome-
^jjiics Biandifs times under the names of HAffowwj and Catholicks,fometimes of Roy-^
aliils and Leaguers, fometimes of the holy union and White fercts ,
"fometiines of Navarrifis and JLorainSj they were as with a fatal
' " general
Cent. \6. OfFRAKCE. 6y
general Frenzy bent upon the deftruftion of their common Coufi-
trey.
The King di/Tolved the Afiemblyat Bloys , but many of the Lords,
as foon' as they were departed from Bloys, joyned again to the party
of the League.. Pope Si.vtfis V. being tc^d of the Cardinal of CwZ/e's
death, is highly offended, and anfvvereth the King's Ambafladours
very (harply , who come to excufe it to hirn, and chufeth a Con-
gregation of Cardinals , who were to confult about the affairs of
p'rance.
The King writes kind Letters to the Duke of Mayenne, promifing
him very great things : but the faid Duke ( notwiihftanding the King's-.'
promifes) being perfwaded by (^Madamde Mont fen fer, his Sifter,
makes birafelf Head of the holy union, and gave order to the Sieurs
deRhofnCy dt S.PaidyChawois, zni d' Efchavoles^ to recruit their Re-
giments oiFrench iooiy and began to fummon the Nobility and Gentry
his dependents, and to win the hearts of the people in 'every place.
On February 15. the Duke came to Paris with 4000. Souldier?, ,
and 500. Gentlemen ^ there Ije is declared Lieutenant General of the
Ctovinoi France. On February 22. the Duke took poflellion in the
Parliament of his extraordinary dignity, having taken apublickOath
for the defence of the ^o»»«/7} Religion againft every one, to preferve
entire the State belonging to the ^jown of Fr.wc^, to defend the privi--
ledges of the three Orders, the Clergy, Nobility, and Commons,
and to caufethe Laws andConftitutions of the Kingdom to be obrerved,as
alfo the authority and power of the Parliaments. After which Oath many
Prayers and Procefiions having been made, he chofe and appointed
the Council of the Union, confifting of forty of ihemofl; eminent per-
fons of the League, which with his altlftance, was to treat of, and to con-
clude all the moft weighty affairs ^ the Council of Sixteen being ne-
vcrthelefs kfr, and particularly appointed for the fpecial Government
of Paris.
Now the Duke of his Forces began to form an Army, and in every
Province he allotted both Forces and Commanders to oider the af-
fairs of the League, and to make war againft ihofe who were of the
King's party. He difpatcheth Minifters to^^ewr to confirm the Pope's
inclination, who afterward publifheth a Monitory againft the King of
France, and foments the League exceedingly.
The King being necclTitated to make War, agreeih with the King
of Navarre, and concludes a Truce with him. Tiie5^.?//;]J;. Ambal--
fadour leaveth the Court, and goeth to refide in T./rir with the Heads
of the League. The Pope's Legate departeth alfo, and not having been
able to perfwade the Duke oi Mayenne to confent to Prace, goes out
of the Kingdom. The War begins furioufly. in cvtry place. The
King,^
64 xijc ccclefiaOtcai J$s(!o?i? Cenc. 16.
'Kiog 0^ Navarre gvuna Liberiy of Confcience in thofe places he had
taken, and publilheth a Manifefio ,'oiienng to take Arras againft
ihofe that rebelled againft their natural King. TheDcike oiEjpermn
'sfcer the death of the G/zZ/fi returned to his former greatnefs with the
King. Captain 2);<-C7(i/?, who killed the -Cardinal of Guife^ treats
"about an accord with thofe of the League by the perfwafionof the Arch- ~
bifhop of LioiH.
The Truce was concluded by -the- Kings oiFrance and Navarre
tiponthefe Conditions. That the publick exercife of the Romifl} ReU-
gion fhould be reftored in allplaces held hy(\\e Hu^onots, without
any exception* That the ^oods of the Clergy fhould be reftored to
thein, wherefoever they were, and that all Prrfoners which were in
their hands (hould be (et at liberty. That the King of Navarre
fliould beobhged to ferve the King Perfonally with 4000. Foot, and
iloo. Horfe, wlierefoever he fhould be Ccmmanded ; and that all
the Cities, Towns and places of his party fhould cbferve the Laws and
Conftituti'ons of the Kingdona, obey the Parliament and the King's
Magiftrates 5 and on the other fide that the King of Zy^^x/^zrr* -fliould
"receive the -City of Saumur, and keep It in his power, to have a Fafs
over the River iwVf i which yet he would be obliged to reflore at the
"King's pleafure without any contradiftion. Which Capitulations
"after they were agreed upon and ratified, Svaulim the Secretary of
State delivered up Sanmitr to the King of Navarre^ who gave the
Government thereof to Sieur tin Ple^u Marnay, his old Confident.
The fame truce was made in Dauphwe' between Colonel uilfonfo Cor-
fe on the King's part, and Monjieitr de leJdiguierSy for the King of
Navarre ; and they united their Forces for their common defence.
The Proteilants rcjoyced exceedingly at this reconciliation , magni-
fying their Faith and Obedience toward the King, to the confufion of
thofe who till then had publifhed and defamed them as tumultuous and
difobedient Rebels.
The King receives an aid of mony from the Great Buke of T«/c<«)j)',
and fends to the Swiffis and, Germans to affift him with Forces both
of Horfe and Foot. Hecalleth all the Prefidents and Counfellours of
the Parliaments of Parisy Roven^ and'Dijon, who were fled from the
popular fury, refolving that the Parliametit oi T^rii fhould refide in
Tours, that of Roven in Caerty in the fame Province of Normand^y
and that of Dijon at Chalons y and then by a ftiarp Edid declared
them all Rebels, who being chofen to the dignity of the Parliaments,
fliould continue to refide in thofe Cities and places which had with-
drawn themfelves from his obedience , and forbad all men to have
:my recourfe to them to feck for juftice, declaring all fentences tobe
void, which they fhould pronounce under the name and title of Par-
liament. The fame df damion he ma<}e againfl the Du'soiM^yeti'
fie.
Cent. \6. Of FRANCE. 65
ne, againft the Duke oi Anmale, and others. Then having appointed
GovernoHrs in all Provinces he gave Gommiflion to make Levies, to
draw Souidiers together, and that the War fhould be begun in every
place.
The Parijians ax the news ofthe Truce between the King and the
Proteftants , befides many publick figns of contempt, forbid the King
to be prayed for any longer in the Canon of the Mafs.
The Duke of Montptnjier begins tbtW^r againft thofe ofthe League,
dcfeateth the (jantiers in Normandy^ and the Count oiBrifac's Forces,
who came to divert the fiege oi Palais. The Duke of Mayenne takes
Vendofme^ and the Count de Brienne Prifoner. An interview was had
between the PrenchYARginAthtYAngoi Navarre at the ParcduTlef-
fis without the Walls of Tours, ^^Mayeme aflaults the King's Army
at Toursy where they fight a long time. The King himfelf orders and
difpofeth his Souidiers, puts himfelf among thofe that fight. 3ui:
Supplies coming from the King of Navarre, he gives off the ca<
terprize.
The Duke of Aumale beRegeth Settlu : Monfeur de Longueviie
goes with fmall Forces to relieve it, and raifeth the fiege with a greac
llaughter of the Leaguers. Aumalt fighteth, and lofeth the day with
his Artillery, Baggage, and thirty Colours.
Monfeur de Sancy having raifed great Forces in Smtsuerland^ and
begun the War with Savoy, marcheth towards Paris againft the Lea-
guers, whither the King was alfo advancing. But the Count de Soif-
fons being aflaulted by the Duke de Mercosur, is taken Prifoner. The
Sieur de Saveufe going with 400. Horfe to joyn with Mayenne^ is
routed by the 5i>«r de Chafiillon, and taken Prifoner.
The King takes (jergeau and Piviers. But Qiartres fet open their
Gates i and having driven out the dependents ofthe League, received
the King with all his Army.
The Pope by Monitory declares the King liable to cenfure, if with-
in fixty daies herelcafes not the Prelates, and doth not penance for
the Cardinal of Guifes death. The King being troubled at it fafteth
forty hours : hefaid, he thought it hard, that he who had ever fought
and laboured for Religion, fliould beraflily Excommunicated, becaufe
he would not fuffer his own throat to be cut by the Arms of his Re-
bellious Subjeds : and that tliofe who had facked Rome,, and kept the
Pope himfelf Prifoner, had never been Excommunicated. The King
of Navarre being prefent anfwered : But they were Viftorious :
Let your Majefty endeavour to Conquer, and affuredly the cenfures
(hall be revoked -, but if we be overcome, we fhall all die condemned
Hereticks.
The King taking Efiamfes, hangs the Magiftrates, and gives the
pillage of the Town to the Souidiers. Monterean wj« alfo taken by
lii ' ' Storm,
6_i -ji:i)e CcclefiafttcaH^tftojt^ csnt. i^..
Storm, and facked. Po;j;^ yielded ic felfj and now tht King was Ma* .
fter of chat fpacious Bridge, which there gives paffage over the Se/wf.
tjere Mf'^tpenjier joyned with the King's Army. To/»fo//f was afier-
a bloody aflault alfo forced to yield. The next daytheforreign Army
arrived at Poijfy-hndge, there the Svpijfes joyn with t e King. All
the Bridges being loft, allthe neighbouring Towns furrendered, all the -
paflages of the River flopped and ihe Gity firairned on all fkles^, there '
was no other hope left but what the prefence of the Duke of Afayeme
and of the Army afforded, which was all (hut up within the Circuit of"
the Suburbs of Paris. ,
The City, of PAris being muf h , ftraitned and under great - terrour ■
(a thing well known to the King by the frequency of thofe who ran
every hour from the City to his Carap^ ^ upon theiaftday of July.
I;e would needs Perfonally, view the Enemies Bofts, refolvingon thez.-
of <^HgHJi^ to afiauU their works on. every fide. In his return toward'
S. Cltud flopping his Horfe upon an hill, from whence he faw all the
Citydiftinftly, he brake forth into thefe words. O Paris, thou art
th( head of the Kingdom, but an Head too great, and too Capricious •, it is
nece(faryhy lettingblood to cure thie again. I hope that within fevp daiesi
hsre fljall bfi neither wa^s nor hpufuy hut only the veryfootftejs^f
Paris. ^
y / But now,there vists la Paris one Ja^ues (Element , a Frier of the Order
ofS. Dominick_, born of mean Parents in a Village called Sorhone, in
the Territory of the City (SSens, a young man about twenty two year*
oiage, andalwaies thought by bis tellow-Friers, and others that knew,
him, to be an half-witted felbw, and.rathera fubjeft of fport , than to
be feared. This fellow refolves to hazard his life to kill the King,-
Bjbom be calkd by the name of Tyrant, and to free that holy City
(as he faidj from Sennacher i bs \\o\eace: with which refolution he
went to Dodor ^«r^o/«e Prior of his Covenr, and imparted this dam'
nable projeft to him; to Father Commokt, to other Jefuites, and to
the Heads of the League, alJ.of them. encouraging him to this deviliiTi
defign, with promife of Abbeys andBifhopric^isif heefcapcd,andif-be
died, in the.adion to be. made a Martyr, and have place in heaven above
the Apoftles.
Tothatend he.goesfrpm P^w, having gotten a letter of credit from
the Count oiRrienney who having been taken at S. Ovyn, was ftill Prir
fonerinthe City, afluringhim, that- he was to fpeak with the King
about a bufinefs of infinite importancci Upon the firftof ^d^w/ in the
qiqrning, the Frier being brought in to the King, gives him the letter
front the Count de Bxienne^ which the King read : and having bid him
proceed to tell his bufinefs, he feigned to feel for another paper to pre-
fent it : and whilft the King flood intentively expefting it, behaving
^tma his knife oat of^his fleevc, ftruck him en. the left fide of the nave^i
and.
^Gent. i6. Of FRANCE. 6^
«nd left all the blade buried in the wound. The King feeling t!ie blow. Kin? He,,,, m.
drew forth the knife, and in drawing of it made the wound wider, and j^lfjjne-,) a
prefently flruck it himfelfup totheliaft in the Frier's forehead, wtio f""".
at the fame time ( U Gncjle running him thorow with his fword ) fell
down dead ; and was no fooner fallen> hut MqmDerat,Lo£»acy and the
MsLrqudi de Mirepoix, Gentlemen of th^ing s Chamber, who were
prefent at the fad, threw him out of the window, where by the com-
mon Souldiers he was torn in pieces^ burnt, and his afhes thrown into
the River. The King was carried to his bed, and fending for the King
of 2Vwv4rrf, he committed to him the care of the Army. He told him,
ifcuflora of killing Kings fliould grow in ufe, neither fliould he be
long fecure. He exhorted the Nobility to acknowledge the King of
Navarre to whom the Kingdom of right belonged. His Confeflbur
abfolved him and gave him the Sacrament the fame night. And having
embraced the King oi Navarre, having called hisChaplain^ he in the
prefencc of them all rehearfed the Creed after the ufe of the Roman
Church : and having <:roffedhimfelf, began the Miferere, but his fpeech
failing him in thefe words, ^edde mihi Utitiam falHtis tue^ he died,
having lived 36. years, and Reigned 15. and juft 2. Months. In
his death ended the Line of Kings oWhthoukoiV'alois^ and the pofte-
rity of Philip III. Sirnamed the Hardy-, and by vertue of the Saliquc
Law the Crown devolved to the Family of Banrbon neareft of the
•blood, and defcended from Robert Count oi Clermont, the fecond Son of
St. Lexves,
;(tl the holy Aiar^
tyrs J he ii no longer ours but your companion. And thou^ O God^
ftrengthen his arm, that he may do thywill, give him thy hcbnet, and
vpi»gs to fliefrom ■his (ntmies, give him thy comforting beams, which
Jit Z may
*/
68 xfte eccicBaiiican^ido?^ cent. i6.
may joy him in the midft efhisforrows. Then they bring Mm to the
Alcar, where isihe Pidure of J Henry King of Navarre fucceeded Henry III. in the Kingdom of
trance. The Duke of yW^^f we (not daring to lakeupon him the title
of King ) caufed it by publick Proclamation to be given to Charles
Cardinal of Bourbon, then a Prilbner, and coined both Gold and Sil-'
wr with, the Pidure of King Charles X. And difguifing the ufurpati-
on of bis authority , he accepted the title which the General Council of
the union gave him, of Lieutenant (jeneral of the State ^ and Crown of
France. .
TheDulieofZ^/a-e/^Wj- toldthe new King, that the Princes, Lords,
and Officers of the Crown, together with the Catholick Nobility that
was in the Army, were ready to acknowledge him King of Fr.'?»cf, to
ferve him againft every one, fince God and nature had called him ro
the Grown by a lawful fucceffion : but withal they befought him he'
would be pleafed. to turn to the Catholick Religion, to take away..-
the pretences of bis enemies , and the fcruples of his fervants. ,
' The King gives them thanks, telling them how ready he was to re-
guite their duty and fidelity, both in publick and in particular ; butdc-
iir ed they would not think it ftrange , if be did not fo prcfently fatisfie
their firftrequefts, becaufe the quality of the thing demanded, required ;
a convenient time of advice, and theripenefs of a grounded refolution.
That he fet a greater value upon his Soul and Confcience than upon all
earthly greatnefs. That he had been bred in the Reformed Religion, buts
neverthelefs he would not be obftinate. That he was ready to fubmit
himfelf either to a General or National Council, and to the inftrufti-
oas which without palliating the truth, fhould be given him by learned
con"
Cent.i6. of FRANCE." 6<^
confcientious perfons. That he had a firm refolution to endeavour the
fatisfiftion of his Subjefts ; but that conjunfture was not proper ro
put his good defires in effeft, left his aftion and declaration (hould
fcem feigned, and extorted by force, or clfe perfwaded by worldly
interefts. Wherefore he intreated them to ftay till a fir opportunity ;
andif in the mean time they defired any conditioner fecurity for the
maintenance of the Catholick Religion, he was ready to give them all
the fatisfadion they could wifh for.
After their departure ihe Sieitrde la Nove, a. Proteftant, tells thfe
King, hemuft never think to be King of France if he turn not Ca--
tholick.
At laft it was concluded, that the King taking a prefixed time for
his turning to the Momijh Religion, he fhould fecure the State of the Ca--
tbolick Religion, and that upon thofe terms they would receive and
follow him. And at laft a writing was mutually agreed on between both
Parties, whereby the Popifli Princes, Lords, and Officers of the
Crown, Nobility and Souldiery on the one fide, fwear fidelity to the
King ; and on the other fide the King fwears to the maintenance of the
Popifli Religion. The Duke of £^(?r«o;jfl:anding upon precedency,
will not fign the writing, but departs from Court. . Many Lords, and .
a great part of the Souldiers, following the Duke ofEfpernon'i exam-
ple, leave the Camp, fo that in few dales the Army is decreafed to half
the number. Many of the Proteftants alfodisbanded out of anger and
difcontent, and returned in great abundance to the Cities of their r
party.
The King raifeth the fiege from Paris, and divides his Forces into •
convenient places. The Cardinal of Bourhon is taken oxaoi Chinotiy
and removed to pontenay, aftronger; place, where he is kept yvithftri- -
fter Guards. :,.i.:- ''[],.-.
The Duke of Luxembourg is fent AmbafTadour to the Pope by the
Catholick Royallifts : and the King appoints the Affembly at Tours, ,
which is made the Head-quarter of his party. The body of King Hen- -
ry III. is laid in the great Church of Co»ipf«^K, with very little Pomp,
andfuch as the necefiity of the times, would permit by King Henry YV. ■
who went towards Normandy with all poflible fp'ed. The King's
Army is reduced to but 6000. Foot, and 1400. Hori'e, yet hemar-
cheth with good fuccefs as far as Diepe, where he fortifies his quarters, .,
polTeffing all places of advantage.
The Duke of Mayenne being come before the King's trenches, draws •
his Army in Battalia ; but the King's Souldiers coming only roskir-
midi, no Battel followeth. They that were in the League making
figns of coming over to the King's party, are received by them at the
Maladery, but being entred in an hoftile manner fall upon them thac
had brought them in^ and make thcmfelves matters of the place : where- -
upon- )
iMBlBa^V^XWOMartita
70
Xlje eccieOallical ttfto^v cent. i^.
upon both Armies joyn Battel, and the King being relkvtd by Monjscifr
deChafiilion, recoverech the trenches, znd ihtDukc oi Mayenm mar-
-cheth homDiepe with his Army.
The Kingcame to^«w««i, the chief City oifictircty^ where he was
entertained with very great, pomp, being met without the Gates by all
the Citizens , who.prefented unto him a Canopy of State to be carried
over bitn, asthecuftom is to do unto the King, but he refufed it, gi-
ving great teftitnony of his prudence and moderation by an ad of
fe. great modefty.
Whilft he flayed at Amiens, Elizabeth Queen of England, firft
fent him twenty thoufand pounds SterUng, with Powder, Munition for
War, and certain Ships alfo to ferve at his command : and caufing a
general Mufter to be taken in moft of the Shires oi England, fhe Tent
4«oo. £»////fe Souldiers, and iocx3. Scots very well appointed,
and furniflied. All the money he prefently diftributed among his
Souldiers. The General of the Englipi was the Noble Peregrine Bar--
tyy Loxi WilloHghhy, which Forces were again recruited with a fup-
ply of three thoufand Foot, which were fent into Sritany, under tb€
Conduftofihai Sonofe-3/or/, Sxrjohn Norris. Thefe joyning with
the Prince of Domhes, Gener-alof that Province, did many worthy ex-
ploits for the French King.
The King now marcheth towards P^w, having in his Army 20000^.
Foot, 3000. Horfe, and fourteen great Pieces. He aflaulis theSub^-
urbs of Tarii u^on All-Saint s-day^ and taking them gives the Pil-
lage to the Souldiers. In the aflault above 900. P^r«/M«j wereflain,
and more than 400. taken Prifoners, among which Father Edmond
'Snrgoiney Prior of the Covent of Jacobins, who being convided by
witnefs to have publickly in the Pulpit praifedthe Murder oi Henry
lir. andto have counfelled and inftigated the murderer, comparing hitn
alfo in bir Sermons after the fad to Judith, and the dead King to
Holofernes, and the City delivered to Bethulia, he was by Judgement
of the Parliament of Tours Sentenced to be drawn in pieces by four
Horfes, his quarters burned, and his allies fcattered in the wind*
Which Sentence was (bme few months after feverely exe-
cuted.
Yet notwithftanding the pillaging of the Suburbs, charge was gi-
ven not to violate either Churches, Monafleries or other Sacred pla-
ces : which was fo exadly obfervcd, that Malles werefaid that day
in all Churches, as if there had been no fuchbufinefs; and all the ^0-
Manijls in the King's Army were prefent at them celebrating that Holy*-
day with great rejoycing.
But at the arrival of the Duke of Mayenne, the King leaves the
Suburbs of Paris, and coming to EJiampes , he caufeth it to be difman-
tied. Many fuccefles hapned to the King's party through all France.
^ "The
Gent. 1 6; of FRANCE. 71,
Tbt King takes r centri6r
dom,, take avc^y my life alfo atthefume time, that J way fliedmybloed
^ght'mg at the Head of tbofe jvho put themfehes in danger for my
fake.
At the end of which words there arofc in the Front of the Battel a
loud acdarnatioR from thofe that heard him, with an unanimous cry of
i Rofe, 'Boucher, Pre^
vofl, andaii the other Preachers; and laft of &\\Francefco Panigaro-
la, who, though he Preached in the Italian Tongue, was much fol-
lowed by reafon of the fame of his Eloquence.
After the yielding of other places, Melun is taken by the King's
Army, a little Town, but well Fortified, feven Leagues diftant from
Paris, through which run two Currents of the River S««f, and there-
fore is divided into three parts by the flream, and only joyned together
by Bridges.
The Sieur de Vtlkroy being come to Melim to treat an agreement
with the King, perfwades him by many reafons to turn Catholick, and
propounds aCelTationof Arms. He was fent by the Duke oitJMay-
snne unto the King. To which the King gave a large anfwer. And as
to the point of Religion, he faid, he had already contented thofe Ca-
tholicks that followed him, who were many, of great wifdom and
ftrength,.-
Cent. 1(5. Of FRANCE.
^5
ftrength, and very great extrsuftion, to whofe determination he thought
all che reft might accommodate themfelves. Mjtc Antonio MocenU
go^ Bi/hop oiCtneda treats with thcMarefchaUe Biron, and propounds
a Ceflation of Arms, but it is rejefted.
All hope of Truce failing, the Parijtafrsprepitei for a ftrid Rege from
ihe King's Army. The people was already difpofed by the iongexhor-
tations of their Preachers, and foUicitadons of thofe that Governed, to
endure, the fiege : being wrought upon by the frequent Decrees of the
Sorbon, and by the Declarations and Proteftations of the Cardinal Le-
gate, that an agreement could not be treated with the Hereticks without
damnation. Hereby mens minds were fo confirmed, that fome . vyere
put to death for faying, it xvm bstter to raaks peace with the King^ than
fiarve with hungey The Duke oi Mayenne by many Letters aiTured
them that he would relieve the City within a few weeks.
To encreafe this inclination in the people , a folemn Proceflion was
made, by Order from the Cardinal Legate, to implore Gods affiftance
in thofe necelTities : in which Proceflion, the Prelates, Priefts, and
Monks of the feveral Religious Orders, walked all in their accuftomed
habits, but befides them, they were Armed alfo openly with Corflets,
Guns, Swords, Partezans, and all kind of Arms ofFenfive and defen-
five, making at once, both a (hew of devotion, and conftancy of heart
prepared to defend their lives j which heightened the courage of the
common people.
After this Proceflion, they made another of all the Magiftrates of
the City : and among the Ceremonies of it, the Duke oiNemonrsihtit
Governour, and other Commanders of the Souldiers, and Magiftrates of
the people, fwore publickly in the great Church, to defend the City
to the laft man, and never make an agreement with an Heretick Prince,
for aiiy danger or calamity whatfoever fliould befall them. The King
drew nigh to Varis^ and fhuts up the paflages of the River of 5c«>/e on
every fide, and the City is in great fcarcity for want of Viftuals.
Cardinal Gondy, Bilhop of Parisy gives way that the Church Plate
fhould be turned into money, for the relief of the poor : and the Cardi-
nal Legate diftributed among the poor 30000. crowns extorted from
the Pope with much ado. The Ambaffidour Mendoz.a promifed fix-
fcore crowns a day in Bread. The Dutchefles and the richeft Lords
fold their houlhold fluff, jewels, and Ornaments, to relieve the urgent
Jieceflities of the common people.
During this fiege the Cardinal of Bonrbon dies at Fontenay^ which
produceth no alteration at all : only the Duke of Mayenne in-
vites the Deputies of the Provinces to Memx , to chufe another
King.
The Duke of ty^ayenne having met the Duke of Parm/t at Ccf/dty
Tobtains of him 1500. Spanijh Foot, towards the relief of Parts. In
Kkk2 that
76 X8e eccleCiafttcau^ifto?? cent, id
^at populous City the Famine was fo fore, that wirhin the fpace of
three Months moe than an hundred thourand died in it.
The Duke oi Parma cometh with an Array to relieve Taris -, at his
arrival nMeanx^ he joyns with the Duke of Mayennc. The Abbot
dtl Bine dies,, a man of great abilicie in State affairs, at which ihe
King is troubled. M^on AHguft 30. the King rifeth from thefiegeof
Tarts. While the two Armies lieftil) obferving one another, the P4-
T'ifiras furnifh themfelves wi[h fome Provifions. The King fends a
Trumpet to the Duke of Mayenne to challenge him to fight. The
Duke of Farfna drawes his Army into Battalia, as if he would give
Battel, goes away fuddenly to Lxgny^ and deceives the King. The
Duke of VarmA takes Lugny before the face of the King's Army,
whereby the paflage of the River ^JMarm being freed, upon Se^ttmk^
6. great ftore of Viftuals enter into Taris,
Th&King withdraws his Army, and marxrheth towards St. Bttinis.
He gives aSaladoto the City, which provech ineffeftual. TheDuke
of Parma tdkt% Corheil, and fo abfolutely frees Paru from want of
Provifions. The Duke of Parma marcheth away into Flanden
in good order. The King afTaulteth Clermont^ raises it andfacks it.
The Duke oi Parma departing leaves aid of men, and pr.oraifcih fup-
ply of money to the League. The King marcheth toward T;c^r^..
GrenohU in Jj>,-:{iphine ihet along fiege returns to the King's obe-
dience. The King afifaulteth Corby, and takes it.
The Barliament of Burdeaux, who with much ado had been brought
to the King's obedience, make complaints for the King's pcrfcvering
in C^lvinififj. The King ftudieth how to conferve the afleftions of
thofe of his- party, and to keep them in obedience. He recalls ths
Duke of E(ptrnon to the Army, and other Popilh Lords to reconcile
them unto him-
The Vifcount of Turenne obtains of Queen Eliz.abeth of England,
that file fliould fend the King one hundred thoufand crowns. That
fbe (hculd fend 6000. Foot into Eretagney (or the relief of the Prince
of 'Dombes. That along with him fhc fV.ould fend Horatio Palavici'
no a Genovefe ( who for Religion was fledinto that llland ) to per-
fwade the States of Holland, and the Princes of Germany., 10 affift
the King with men and money on their Part.. She promifed likewife,
that if the Duke oi Parma fho^AA return again into France^iht would
^\&. Grave Maurice, and tht Hollanders jXotaakt a ftrong diverfion,
\isj tmx'mgmo Brabant zniElanders.
Now the party of the League makeadifguft againft the Dake-'ojf
i^ifyfzyjf,. which is fomented by tht Spaniards. And the Lor^s of the
houfe oi Lorain grow jealous one of another ; and the Duke ofAV-
j^fOAx^ lays afide the G.overnment of i'<»m. The^p\ikt.of Mayenne
• > difpatr
c^mTT^: of France: ~^:
dirpatcheth Prefident Jeannin to the King of 5p<«/;7, znAiht Sieur des
Fortes to the Pope to folicite aid.
The Chevalier d' Aumale goes to furprize S. Dennu, and wichout
rcfiftance enters withal! his men : but the Governour with only thir-
ty Horfe chargeth and routs the Enemy, and d' AnmalebiingihtM^
through the throat falleih. down dead. Thofe ihat were curious obferv-
ed, that he fell dead before the door of an Inn, whofe fignwasthg
Ejpee RoyaUy a Sword embroidered with golden Flower-de-lttces, and
that his Body being hid upon the Bier in the Church of the Friers of
St. Denniiy his carkafs the night following was all gnawed and mangled
Pope (jregory XIV. affigneth fifteen thoufand crowns by the Month
for the fervice of the League : and Mxr[ilio L^ndriano, a MiUnefe,
is cbofen Legate for the Kingdom oi France. Chartres is befieged, and
furrendered to the Baron de Bircn. The Duke of Ji'^^£»?;e receives
Chajieau Thierry with the compofition of. twenty thoufand
crowns.
Then the Popifh Princes and ISoblemcn following the King did fo- ^,m.xt59-'.
hcite his Majerty to turn to the JJow/]?? Religion, The Petitions made
to the King to provide for his dutiful Subjects of both Religions ; to
prevent the new attemp:s of the Pope and his adherents, to the preju-
dice of the Crown of France^ were the canfe of two Edids made at
M^nte in the be^nning oi July. The one confirmed the Edids of
Pacification made by the deceafed King upon the troubles of the Realm,
and dilTannuUed all that paffed in jHlyi^8$. and 1588. in favour of
the League. The o.her Ihewed the King's intent to maintain the Ca-
iholick Religion in Fr^j^cf, with the Ancient Rights and Priviledges of
the French Church, The Court of Parliament of Paris, refident at
Chalons zndToitrs, having verifiied thefe Edids, hid dilTannulkd all the
Bulls of Cardinal ^anan's Legation, and other Bulls that came from
Ro ,ie on March i . the Proceedings, Excommunications, and Fulmi-
nations, mide by Landrinno, terming himfelf the Pope's Nuncio, as
abufive, fcandalou5, fed itinus, full of impoftures , made againft the
holy Decrees, Canonical Conftitutions, approved Councils, and againft
the Rights and Liberties of the frf«c/> Church.
They Decree, that if any had been Excommunicate by vertue of
the faid proceedings, they fhoiild be abfolved ; and the faid Bulls aiid
all proceedings by vertue thereof burnt in the Market-place by the
Hang-man. That L.indriano the pretended Nuncio ( come privily
into the Realm without the King's leave or liking ) fhould be appre-
hended, and put in the King's Prifon. And in cafe he fhould not be
taken, he fliould be fummoned. at three fliort dales according to the
accuftomed mann r, and ten thoufand Franks given in reward tc
him that fhould deliver him to the Magiftratc, Prohibitions being .
made to all men to receive, retain, or lodge the faid pretended Nuncio
upon pain of death. And to all Clergy-men, not to receive, publifli,
or aufe to be publifhed any fentences, or proceedings coming from
him, upon pain to be punifhed as Traytors. They declared the Cardi-
nals ( being at Rome ) the Archbifhops , Bi(hops, and other Clergy-
men, which had figned and ratified the faid Bull of Excommunication,
and approved the moft barbarous and deteftable Parricide, traiteroufly
committed upon the Perfon of the late deceafed King Henry III. to
be deprived of fuch Spiritual Livings as they held wiihin the Realm,
caufing the King's Proftor General to feife thereon, and to put them
into his Majefties hand : forbidding all perfons either to carry or fend
Gold to Rome^ and to provide for the difpofition of Benefices, until the
Kingfliould otherwifc Decree.
Da recueii de 1' That of To«n added this claufe to the Decree. They declared
Hiftoiredeia (J?-f^(jy^, calling himfelf Pope, the fourteenth of that name, an enemy
''^""' to peace, to the union of the ^ow^m Catholick Church, to the King
and to hisEftate, adhering to the Confpiracy of Sfain, and a favourer
of Rebels, culpable of the moft inhumane, and mofl deteftable Parri-
tide committed on the Perfon of ihe moft Chriftian and Cacholick King
iff wry III. of famous memory.
The Parliament of the League did afterwards condemn and caufc
thofe Decrees to be burnt at Paris, which were made againft the Bulls
and Minifters of the Romlfi See. So one pulled down what another
built up.
The Cardinal of Vendofme begins to raife a third party of Ca-
tholicks, to make himfelf Head of them, and thereby to bring himfelf
to the Crown. Scipio Balhani is knt to Rome by the Cardinal of ^f«-
. doftnf, to treat with the Pope, and to comrnunicate his defign unto him.
The Cardinal of Lemncourt gives the King notice of the defigns of
the Cardinal oi Vendofme. The High Chancellour thereupon perfwades
him to turn to the Romi^j Religion.
Charles Duke of (juife having been long kept Prifoner at Tours,
efcapes at noon-day, and fleeth to Bonrges, and then meets with the
Duke qI Mayenne. The Council of Sixteen falls into an emulation
with the Parliament of P<«m, and with the Coiancil of State cbofen
by the Vix^toi Mayenne, Brigard, who had been imprifoncd upon
fufpicion of Plots againft the League, being efcaped, the Judges that
made his Procefs, are by the people in Arms tumultuoufly put in Pri-
fon, and by the Council of Sixteen are caufed to be ftrangled in the
clofe Prifon, and the next day their bodies are hanged at the Greve with
infamous writings on their Breafts.
'The Duke of Mayenne pofts to ^aru to appeafe this tumult, and
caufeth Loitchart, Auronx^ Hamelin, and Emmonot, four of the chief
of the Council of Sixteen which were moft guilty, to be ftrangled.
The
Cent. 1(5. Of FRANCE.
79
The Kingraarchcth into Normandy-, layesfiegeto the City of ^oz/f«.
The Duke of P^jrw;^ with the Spanijh Army marcheth to relieve th?i;
place. They fight at Aumak, she King is wounded, his men routed,
and he is put hard to it to fave himfelf. Fillars, the Governour of
Roven, Tallying out enters the trenches, and gains the Artillery. The
Duke of Pttrma retiring, the King returns to Roven and reneweth the
fiege. The Duke of Tarma alfo returns to bring relief : and the
King's Forces being wafted, he rifeth from the fiege, and marcheth to the
Banks of the River of Seine.
Thofe of the League begin to think of a peace. The Catholicks of
the King's party are difpleafed, that the peace fliould be treated by the
Sieur de Plejfis, a Hugonot,
The dMarefchal de Bironls killed with a Canon fiiot before E^er-
nay. The King wept bitterly at the news of his death. The Baron
de Biron , to revenge the death of his Father, fcales a great Tower at
BJperuay, and takes it, but is forely wounded; and the Town is deli-
vered up into the hands ."of the Duke of Nevert, Governour of that
Province, AHgufi 9. I'^gz.
Now the King defireth a reconciliation with the Catholick Church-
by way of agreement, not by way of pardon. The King takes Drciix,
and being conftrained by the importunities of his own Catholick par-
ty, who threaten to forfakc him, refolves to change his Religion.
And being inftruded by the Archbilhop oiBourges., hy Rene Btnoifi
Curate of S. Eufiache of Paris, and of fome other Doftors, defires to
be admitted into the bofom of the Romijh Church. And on July z$,
he wen: to Mafs at St.'Dennif, and made a publick and folemn Pro-
feflion to the faid Arbhbifhop, afiifted by QoarUs Cardinal of Dourhon
Archbifhop of Roven, and Nephew to the deceafed ^ nine Bifhops
with many other Prelates and Religious men •, protefting to live and
die in the Romijlj Religion, fwearing to defend it againfl: all men.
Having made profefiion of his Faith, he performed all Ceremonies
requifitein fo folemn an Ad: ; and then he received abfolution and blef-
Cng, with wonderful jov and acclamation of the people,
Prefently after this Ad, the King fent the Duke of Nevers, theMar-
quefs of Plfani, and Hcmy of Gondy Bifiiop of Paris to the Pope tO'
yield obedience by them to the See of Rome^ to befeech him to
allow of bis Converfion , and to countenance it with his own blef-
fing.
Whilft Eliz.aheih Queen of E/iglandy upon account of Religion^
did with fo great expences relieve the FraichKing, a ftrong rumour
was fpread in Efigland, that he either would, or had already changed
his Religion- hereupon was Thomas Wilkes fent over into Erai'ce to
underftand the certainty thereof. But before hi§ arrival the King had
made a publick Profdlijn of the Popi.b Religion at St, Dennii ( ats
bath
8o Xlje eCCleOadtC^l ^\ftOlV Cenc. 1 6.
hath been before exprefled J although fonie Papifts of Religious Orders
atthattime plotted againft his life. But he ingenuoufly declared unto
Wilkes ihecaufes that moved him to forfake his Religion. And Mor^
lante the French Agent in the mean time telleth the Queen alj the very
fame things, and with fair andfpecious words ofFereth her all kindnefs
in the King his Mafters behalf.
. The Queen being much troubled and difquieted in mind, fnat-
chedup her Pen, and a while after fent this Letter to him. iAlm'.
Cs.ivUi»\<\^,o'i ifhat deef fcrroxv ? what vehement grief ? what fghs have
Q^EU^abith. i felt at my heart for the things which Morlante hath told me
ef ? Alas ! is the world come to this fafs ? Was it pojpble that any
worldly matter ^culd make you quit the fear of God ? can we expett
any happy ijfue of fuch a fa5i ? or could you think, that He who hath
hitherto wtth hit own right hand upholden and preferved yon, would
now forfake you ? It is a very dangerous thing to do evil that good
may come of it : Tet J hope a fober fpirit will put yon into a better
mind. In the mean time I will not omit to make it a principal part
of my prayers, the recommending yon to Cod, befeeching him, that the
hands of Efiu may not lofe you the blejfmg of Jacob. Whereat you
do Religioujly andfolemnly ojfer me your friendship, I know to my great
cofl, I have well dtferved it : neither Jliould I repent that, had you
not changed your Father. Verily, from henceforth I cannot he your
Sifler by the Father ■• for the truth is, I jliall ever more dearly love
and honour my own Father than a falfe and counterfeit one, which God
knoweth very well •, who ( J bejeech him ) hriftg you back, again to a
better mind. Subfcribed,
Your Sifler, if it be after the old
manner : as for the new I have
nothing to do with it.
-"■ -Elizabeth R.
Yet notwithftanding a Contrad was made between him and the
■Queen ziMelun in the Month of -^//^«/?, to make War offenfive and
iiefenfive againft the Spaniards And the Queen recommended again
and again the Reformed Religion, and the Profeflburs thereof to his
Care and Protedion by Sir Robert Sidney. He promifed, That as he
bad been hitherto their Protedour, fo he would not for the future
fail them, though mofl of the Nobler fort of them had forfaken
?!im.
On Augufi 26. Tetcr Barrier, born at Orleans, was taken Pri-
foner at Melun, where the King «j, Beauvais, and Termne^ rehounced ; the League.
Yea the Duke of Gmfe compounds with the King, and brings the Ci-
ties oi Rhe)xef, ritry, and Me ziereSy under his obedience, whoinre-
compence of it, gave him the Government of Provence, from which
he was obliged to withdraw the Duke of Effemon, becaufe the people,
the Parliament, and the Nobility, had takeri Arms againft him« .
Tlie Duke of Loram alfo made his peace with the King on Novew'
her 26.
Now the Court of Parliament revokes and difannuls all- other De-
crees, Orders, or Oaths, given or made fince the 29. of December
1588. to the prejudice of the King's Authority and the Laws of the
Realm, And efpecialfy they difannulled all that had been done againft
the honour of the deceafed King, as well during his life, as after his
deceafe, commanding to.inform of the deteftable Parricide committed
on his, Pafon, and., to. proceed extraordinarily againfl fuchas
Ihould be found culpable. They revoked the Authority given un-
to the Duke oi Mayenne under the Title of Lieutenant General .of
tile, Eftate, and. C?own offrcmei forbidding aU men to acknowledge
hi%'v
C^JT'ir 'ofFRANCE. 83
himin^th^Tqudh^^'^rt^eld him any aid or obedience, npon pain
of Hi2h-Treafon. They likewrfc enjoyned the Dukeotyl^^^m^^up.
on the like pains to acknowledge //^«r> IV. of that name, for Jflng
of France and Navarre, and the.r &ng, and to yield hm the obe-
dience of faithful Servants and SubjeSs. And to aU other Pnnces, Pre-
lates, Noblemen, Gentlemen, Towns, Commonalmes, and private
men to forfake that pretended Paftion of the League, whereof the
Duke of M^ycnnc had made himfelf the Head and to yield unto the
icing obedience and fealty, upon pain to the faid Princes, Noblemen
&c to be degraded of their Nobiluy and Gentry ; and th,y and
Seir pofterity declared bafe, with confifcation of Bodies and Goods :
and the razing of their Towns, Caftles and places, that fhould infrmgc
the King's Ordinances and Commandments. Moreover they decreed.
That the 22. day of iVf^rcfe ihouldbefor ever celebrated, and the fame
day a general troceffion fhould be made after the accuftomed man-
ned where the faid Court (hould affift in their Scarlet Robes, as a re*
membrance to give God thanks fot the happy reduftion of this faid Guy
totheKine's obedience. , , '^ e t, ■ ,
Now one JohnCafieh Son of a Merchant-Draper of P^n., about
the end of the year iS94. having thruft himfelf with the Courtiers
into the Chamber of the fair GahridU, where the King was, would
have ftruck him with a knife into the belly ; but the King then bowing
to falute fome one, the blow thancedonhis face only, piercing h.s
upper lip, and breaking a Tooth. It was not known for theprefenc
who had ftruck it: but the Count of W.«. feeing this young maa
affrighted, ftopt him by the Arm. He impudently confeffed that he
had given the blow, and maintained that he ought todoir._ Jhe Par-
liament condemned him to have his right hand burned, his flefli torn
off with red hot Pincers, and after to be torn in pieces by four Horfes,
burntto a(hes, and caft into the wind. . . . ,■ a . . r^
The Tefuitcs, under whom this Mifcrcant had ftudied, were acculVd
for exciting him to this Parricide. Among other things he heard the
Fathers of that Society to fay. That it was lawful to kill the King,
That hewasExcommuncatedoutof the Church, That he was not to be
obeyed nor taken for their King, until fuch time as he was allowed by
^^'-nSeforethe Parliament Decrftd, That the Priefts, Scholars, and
all others, terming themfelves of that Society of 7j/«^, fas corrupters
of Youth )lhould depart within three daies after the pubhcancn of the
faid Decree, out of P^m, and other places where they had Coiledges,
and within fifteen daies out of the Realm, upon pain after the fame
titoe to be punifhed as guilty of high Treafon The houfe of ?eur
C0jlcl the Father of this Parricide, ftanding beforethc Palace, Hvas
§4 X!)e eCCltflaftlcaH^iCtO?^ Gent. \6.
v&».» ^55*
razed, and a Pillar erefted, containing ^for a perpetual monument ) the
caufes of that ruine.
Among the writings oi. John Guigmrd of ChartreSyWete found cev-
tain fcandalous libels againft the King, for which he was executed.
And one f ?-^»cis Jacobs a Scholar of the Jefuites of 5o«r^«, had lately;
faid he would have killed the King, but that he held him for dead, and
that another had done the deed.
The Duke of Mayenne and Nemours yield unto the King, -and are re-
ceived unto Grace. The King of France \% now admitted to a reconcili-
ation with the Church of \iRowe, upon thefe, conditions, and in thefe
words. He (hall abjure allHerefies, and profefs the Catholick Faith
infuch form as (hall be here done byhisAmbaffadours. He ihail in-
troduce the Catholick Faith into the Principality of Bedrtiy and (hall
nominate Catholick Magiftrates in the faid Province,: he (hall pro-
cure within a year the Prince of C(?»«/f out of the hands of the Here-
ticks, whom.he (hall caufe to be inftrufted and brought up in the Ca-
tholick Religion^ The Decrees oftheCouncilof T«»? (hall be pub-
liflied and received throughout the whole Kingdom of Trance. \it
(hall nominate to the vacant Churches and Monafteries fuch as are
Catholicks, and. free from all Cufpicion of Here(ie. He fhall do his
beft endeavour, that the Churches arid Clergy be inverted anew in
their Livings that have been feifed upon without any Judicial proceed-
ing. In bellowing of Magiftracies and Dignities, he (hall take cafe
that Catholicks only be preferr^ed, and thai Hereticks (as near as may
be) may be expelled.. The Concordates (hall bcobferved, and all
abufes removed which have crept in contrary to the fame.. The abfo-
IjLition inMranae granted by the Biihops, (liall be condemned. He (haU
write letters to all the Princes of Chriftendom, wherein he (hall give
notice of 1ms Converfion , and^profellibn of the Catholick Faith. The
lope granted his Abfolutionon September i6. by the Negotiation ^nd'
.purfuits of d' Ojfaty and da Perron, his Procurers in the Court o£
Rome.. Thefe were afterwards upon his recommendation honoured,
with Cardinals Gaps,
After a Warbetween ihe French znd Spaniards, aPeace Was conclu-
ded between i?r.« Per-
ry's at the PrincefTes Beds fide, and in thatfervice.. He added, that
lie believed, not that the King 'would offer violence to his Sifters Con-
,ff lehce, appealing to herTelf, ahd btfeleching ber Highnefs to declare hgr.
|5]iafure. ; She declared that (he would die ip the Refornied Religion,,
asd that'lhe'would' have I)«.iJ/a/<(i« toftay t?^^ Whereup.on JQu
Perron W'it^ndrew, and. the good'-Prirtcefs perfcvered in God's truth to
her laft breath. __ The King .Ayiflit (he had died in the Roman Profef-
fion j and did all he copld witfiout violence, to pleafure the Court .of Rome.^
inthat point. ■; '; ^^ ,;""' ;:,. 7' '-,,-■'.'.-, •..!'.,- '"'',;■,„,
' A' iittic before th^ere was-'a1[]onfer^ccbetwetn'the.Bi^
3ind 'TMlipde Mornny Lord- oi.PUfU^, Mtirly, Goyetnoniv oLS^mtir^
intbe prefence.oifthe KinigrJPVinces,'apd Officers ofhis Grown, Coun-
fellours of State,' an,d other, Noblemeti of Mark. ; It was touching a
Book which. Afanjieurdii Z'/f/TiJ.had; publifhed of the Inftirution of
the Lords Supper, and againft the Mafs,, wherein the, PiQiqp did tax
Irimto have-falfi.ijed-i^ar^y .Authorities.. '.Where?;ponI?i/ Flejfis pre-
fented a Petidonunto the Kingl-,y.that bi'sMajefty would be,pleafed-tp
appoint Coriimiffioner^' toepcariniije ey.ery .p,i(ra-t;e of Scippture cited ip
his Book. The King" yielded 'to' this Conference, referring the care
thereof to his Chancellour. The Commiflitners appointed for the
' Catholicks were Auguflm Thi^anMy Prcfident of the Court,o£ Parliar
' inent at Prfrif.; P/'r^^f/^, Advocate, in the (!^ourc, and f »V«rs, School-
mafter to the Prince of C(?«/^e, i.n,whdTe 'abfcnce. came yI/^r//« the
King's Phyfitian., And . for , the wbe.', tbe Prefident of Calignon^
.Qhancellour of iNT^t/^irrif, in., v^hofe pf ace ent'red Deprefnes Gavay^,^
Preu*.
Cent. 17. Of FRANCE.
9»
Prefideiu of the Chamber oiLan^uedoc , ^nAlfaac Caf/tubo?]^ hisMa-
jefties Reader for the Greek Tongue. All men of great Learning and
well skilled in the Tongues.
This Conference began on May 4. in the Hall at Fountambleau, in oe scrre^ h-h
the midft whereof was a Table of a reafonable length. Ac the one end i" "'« :> iv.
fat the King-, on his right hand theBilhop of Enreiix, and on the left
right againft him Du Plejfis. Pafquier, Vaffaut., and Mercier, Secreta-
ries of the Conference, were at the lower end of the fame Table. Some-
what higher on the right hand fate the Chanccllour and the Commiiilo-
ners. Behind the King flood the Archbifhop of Lions, and the Bi--
fhops of Nevers, Seaimaisy and Chajires. On the King's left hand
were the four Secretaries of State. Behind them which conferred, were
the Dukes of Vaudewont, olNemonrs, of Mercoeiir, of Mayemie,oi
Never s, of Elbeuf, of Aiguillon, and off anville , the Officers of the
Crown, Counfellours of State, and other Noblemen of quality.
All were commanded to keepfilence. The King faid, that the Di-
fpute was not betwixt party and party, but particular betwixt the two
Conferents ; not for any queftion of Right and Doclrine , but for the
literal truth of fome paflages. He defired they would treat with all
mildncfs and moderation j without any bitternefs or piffion , but that
of the truth : Declaring moreover, that he did not mean that this
Difpute fliould in any thing alter ordifquiet the peace of his Subjeds,
as the Chancellour did then Declare unto them at large by the King's
Commandment.
After the firft daies Conference M. Du Pleffis fell very Tick, fo as they
could proceed no further. The King did write the fame day unto the
Duke of Ejpermn what had paft in the Conference, and fhewed by his
Letter what his judgement was. My friend, the Diocefs ofEiirenx hath
vanquifhed that of Saimur. Wherewith Du Plefjis was difcontented,ro
that in a Difcourfe Printed foon after touching this Conference, he
termed this Letier A Jpark.of fire, and faid, That the Bijhop ofEnreux
ply was made an Elephant.
Some Months after, Canay, one of the Commiflioners , and Prefix
dent in the Chamber of theEdift at Cafires, a man learned in Phi-
lofophy and the Tongues, and well read in the Church Hiftory,
l«ft his Profefllon of the Reformed Religion, and became a Romijh
Cutholick.
Philip Mornay, Lord of Plcjjis, his work concerning the truth of
Chriftian Religion , was written in French againft ay^rheifts, Epi-
cures, Paynims, Jews, nj^ahitmetifis, and other Infidels, began to be
tranflatedbySirW;////? Sidney, ini at his requeftfinifhed by Arthnr^old-
ing: He publifhed aTreatife containing the reafons why the Council
ot Trent could not be admitted in Francs, He Was fent by the King of
Navarre to the National Synod of Fitray in Bretagne, where he was
Mmm 2 joy-
joyfully received by the whole Gompany. . He was likewife prefent in
the General Affenbly of the Proteftants held at Montauhm by ihe_
King's perirjiffion, Anno.\'^^\, Wherehe.was defired by the Afr
femblytodrawup theform of their Complaints againft the violation of .
the Edid for Peae?; whicL He together with the Count «/f la FaL
prefented afterwards to the King at lijais., ..
\Vhen the League of the Houfe of Gnife brake fonh^ which was,
formed firft againft the King, under pretence of the Pefence of the Ca- .
tholick Religion ; and afterwards declared againft the King qi Navarre .
and the Proteftcints : That famous Declaration in the name of the
faid King was Penned by JDjt Fleffts. In the following Civil Wars
fot Religion, he did many importaiit fervices for the King oi Navarre,. ^
andthcPrpteftjints, both with his Sword and Pen, having anfwered a
virulent; Book, publifhed by the League againft the King of Z\r^?'<2rrf,
called the Epgli^ Catholkk. In the year 1590. he buih a Church -
for the Proteftants in Saumnr, and obtained a Grant from the King for
the inftituting an Univerfity there, which was afterwards confirmed by
a National Synod held in the fame place. J.>im 1595. he wrotea large
Letter to the King, who then had changed his Religion ^ defiring the
continuance of his favour to the Proteftants,. and withal expoftulating .
that fudden change. Apm 1598. he Printed his Work of the Lords ,
Supper. . The Jefuites of ^wr/^f«i«;t; Petitioned the Parliament there that .
it, might be burnt.
Jacoh-MuiHgnftiThHanm\s'3i moft faithful Hiftorian. Efe, wrote
ail Hiftory of things done throughout the whole World from the year
of Chrift 1545- even to the year i6o8' inanwft elegant ftyle. . He is
highly commended by divers Learned men. , Sue atatis Hiftoriam
fummojudicio ^ fide, fine odio & gratia^ adDeigloriam dr public am.,
titilttatenif prudentijfme conjcrtpfit : opm c^ftylt elegantia, df gra- .
wjfimarum rerum cqpia acmajeflate ^ciim quiljHJvis five veterum, five
recentium in to genere fcriptif conferendnm. Lanf. OraU..^ pro ^ai^ _
lia. Inter multa qua in te admiratttra efi pofieritas, ego illttd unice
ohftHpefcOy unde tibi modo in fori arce, modo in fumma Republica ver- .
fanti[otiu?nj finde vis indefeffa animi, litres tot ac tantas aut. fcriben- .
das co(rnofceres, aut cognitas fcriberes. Grot. Epifl. 16. Jac, ■^''■g'
Thuano. Qwm ego virwn divinitm datum cenfeofiizculo iftiinexetj^-
flum pietatis, integritatis^ probitatis, Cafaub. Epifl. Append. Vir^
impjortali laude dignity , ^ Hijiorica Veritatis lumen. AlontaCo \
Antidiat. Vir non minm, erttdttione, quam- offcij dignitate Nobilis, ,
CS'fiqtiisaliHS^V'eriftudiofui. Morton, CaufaRegia,
Jfaac (/ifaubon Wis a great Linguift, a fingular Grecian , and aa
excellent Philologer. He liath written in twelve Books of his Exer-.
citations, Animadverfions on thofe twelve Tomes of Baronim his~,
Annds^ , 5crf being pro-
nounced void, and aContraft paft between him and tsj^fary oi Medi-
ces, [he Duke of F/o>-fw« 's Daughter : She being bleffed of yf/^oi)r- this year were fuch violent winds and ftorms through- -
nout all Franceyis the tops ofhoufes being caft down, many were flain
and fore, hurt in Tarts. Not long after there was a violent
•Plague in the fame , and in the beginning of the following ■
^ year, -n- • ■
.•| In the year 1608. were the Jefuites admitted into Navarre and'
'!r5u Mmli-a put for'th that Famous Booftj called
Aiticoton^ in which he proved that the Jefuites were Authours of
that horrible Parricide. Though he put not his name to it, yet the
Jefuites foon knew that it was his VVork, and made an anfwer to
it . direfted unto him , becaufe there was in the eyintkoton an Ana-
gran;, of pi^ther Ccttopf which fathered the Kijig's death up6n bira
thus, '
PIERRE
99
\ at'jiUhvc-
Cent. 17. O^FRANCir
r PIERRE COTON. 7
i PERCE TON ROY. J"
J[1i9yaIfo made this Anagram Upon I>« MoteUn's name,
rPETRUS DU MOULIN. ->
LERIT MUNDQ LUPUS, i"
With thefc Verfes,
Petri hofiisPeirtUChrifii in^diatufovtU,
Quo degluberCf quo dilaniare qUeaty
Mure Lupi •• e^veri Lnftu efi^ cut nomen ^, emt/t}
Et mores inftmt ingernHmque Lufi, ■
Wiiqh,V€^fesZ)« iJ4<>«/»« anfwcred thus ,
'^{iquuesinfulfo^itiflindis kcumneverfuiy ;• ^
Hellefpontiaco viiiima digna Deo :
jQuamfruftrk vacuum fcalpfifti /ImipHt ? S qua
Rijus Hybrida'VoX' femilatrinamovet !
3)Hm tuamens varie turhataelement/t peterratf
'Siffargisviruimtfieninimocuum'': y --'i- 5*^^■i
^inc^inhoccafuqk(»d/imefiinduJirfa,dimtk''"-^
In laudem imfrudens nomina noflra'^trahis. i-
^amque Liipo cohibemM equos, agitator cquorum
Improbiorii equi comprimit oralupo, •''^
Quiingyrumcogitjfacilique feritmhabena
Compoft'osgrejfmagglomerarcdocet,
Ergo lupHi wunao eflj qui frana/isorahtpato
Dhra^ per errorumdeviamoHflrat tter.
Nee mirum ji nos^ Papalis verna cidin f ,
Si cinjflo Satjn£ dixerit effe lupoi.
CumChriJiumSat-anamPharifcmdicatapellaj
Nemo botius fecum mltiiis optct agi.
ErgoDeifervum vanis Litratibw urgens^
JlicqUe liipttm appellans defmat effe cants ^
-Xt thistime flourinved Jacobm Sirmondtu^ a Learned f rwc/; Jefuire,
he was ConfefTour to King Lrifw XIII. D alU tu (d\ih hewasamoft
Learned artdmoildiligetic man, Natione Galltu, Re[ior olimCollcniTa'- p'Z'wf-- '■^>-'-<'
■ r r I', .- ■ • r ■ a- _«r -.^ / Jtia.A Pmtip,
rtjienjis^vir tottui aUtiqaitatts cHrtojHS trtvejttgator, & Lattna ur*Cf- Alcji-nb.cdit,
que impenfe doCttts, or in otmii pene literarnm genere cxculiilfimufy
Nnn s qui
^ ^^eccieflaftica!#ifto?^ cem. i^
qui humaniores liters thealpgicoi^ admodwn dec^re conjuuxiu,
As for his Works, there are ^JAi^Etuhdripkofi ^ro Adventoria de Re- .
gionibm e^ EccUfils fubHrbkanii'. C en fur a foffjettura Anon. Scri- _
ftcrps de fubHrbicariif Rigionih^ g^ E,(clejiti.__ FKofe?f)fticHm CI, Sd^^
wafio adverfam "ejiis i.uchariflicon ': and'dthe'r 'Wofeofhfe." S^k -
owe unto him (k^iVDx, DuMmlin) the. Works of F<«c««<^«i aa .
African Bifliop, who li}iei/i^Xp^^i^i' oif.'ts,,tsamrO;at Jufii-..
Clandmi Salmafms was a Learned Frfffc^Critick. , Vir. inc^muanf: ..
hilii , maximm Salmaftus de primatu Papiiy foji qtiem Hoinermi fiqilSs
Jliada confribere velit, imtilem labor-em- Jitfciptet. ^Ri;^et--r——^.Grot.
Difeuf. DiaL SeSl.- $':. , P^u\ mncpiam Jaiis IdHdjti^itSjnec iemhe Ji~ ■ .
ne laude nominandmy Qtitid. 'Salm^ks. Fb^. dei. Grig, ^ M^X^^Jf'''.
idol. U. 4. ca. ^1/ 'NoJfrffefnliyir^f^Um^S^ .XrifiqHifafU ■ p-omus -
condns. Gut. Rivet. Praf at. dA iirridk. ''E'itdng.' Non~^^alUit fuA,
dufHaxat, fd jam (^ huJHs R^tAviaJn^jisdeciis^ atque. adeo.fotiift
ReipHblica literaria prafdiuhi. ^ Pojf. «e and(.'\i. '3"; id. %6'. tlari'f,
Salmapus not is ad Ffipfcitnij. ubi .fifi.Gtj^tindin.itm & D(tlec(itt}pHm.\i
in .Vlinium^ ac Spali^eri T>i^ribam advtrfus GuilandinHfn^ fnlckre ,
in.diiiaqHe aliis, de hoe. di^erh -ay^gt^n^enio. f'ojf. de drf. Gr(^. lu
j.ca. i^. Fir alio^hdn adjiter:as fdmm^ honore'trd^dnHMj-t^ ill^^^
frandof natHJ^ fi modefiiam adhibere , ^ <^ , drrogdjttp de p fejrLiaf- '.
one, ac erga alios malignitkte , excajfa, mentem 'amml in.' ii^ jednla^ ■,
occupare fotniffct. , , Her^idiy^^t^-i^^f.Jf^^S^d^^ ,
jitt. & Rom.lij.. ca.j. [ . :' .'. , ,',':. . .. " . ■''..,' . ' V ■ H '^~''
Defderius HerMdus. a Learned l^rench niarr, hatli written a Gom-...
ment on Martial, s^nd. tlie.ott}ei: Bwks, foreciced, and other , Learned !
FrancifcKs Vieta was a-Xeafncd^rf»c^mtthfmauaa^
his Opera Jldathematica, Fol. z, Relatio Caiendariivere Gregeriani,
cum aliis cpufc.VniverfiliuTff^ injp(£iionHTf}^ad Canonem Ma^h'einati- _
cnm lib. fingularis. DeL/£qMatione, recognitione '(;f' emndafione. Thu^ _
anns thus faith of him. Fir ingeniofa e^ profunda meditatione, cujusvi
nihil illiinacceffum in abfirnforibiis fcientiis, nihil quod acitmine men'
tis pojfit confici, diffciie confe£tKsfjut.Thnan.fiiJ},Tom.^.part.2.li. 129.
Nicholas Figneriits wasaLearfiedFr^Hc^ Hiftoriographer,. There
are To. 3 . de U bibliotheq. Hiji. and other, works o£ his. md, Thiian.
Hi ft. Tom.-'^.li. II J. part.^i.
His Son, JSlichdas /^^««?-r»j:, was a Learned Divine. He hath pub- .
iifiied an excellent Treatife in' French ^ ftyled Theatre de I' Antichrift |
and a DifTertation in Latine of the Excommunication , of the Fenetians,
againft Cardinal 5 loi
'^'BdnediHTftrretinev/is.alCoa. Learned frmib man. . Thefe Books
of hit are pubjlJOied in French. ^.fitfe,ii.fe de la fidelit'e dfs. tr^tidiictiotfs
'ele la'S^,:'hfhe..'fifi0cs a Glfi^v^. \Ke^^ektiid(i^tfuittPJai£iiaire,, Pro-
'pt [^/ 'dh'aflmejj(f. y^'od ^verj/fj iPetrfi CdttpmJdfHita "pUgiari^m .
pms, 'B}}teaiuHsTtnrritinnit uindr. Rivet, Apoioget . fro vera face
Mf^fif.^' '■■'• ni ■ ■■■:■■■:■] ■ .^j-' •'•'■ 7:" ; .
,The W oflcs 01 Ckdinal 'payid \J^»Jl,t(rryn, .3^?, iti iav^ Velumes in
Tft)Uo, iiV fjF'r^wc^.,' , .B^flie^Hi^rJA. l^ ,J^-^i>»fi dit Sfr.eni^irpti kay debt ••
yyanef pMta^ne, . ' t-esbivjrjfi ^Oeaifes^ h.t^'DufainUjacr'emtntde
jt.J^giiar^ih, ■ 4;^ -^4^^'^^^^^ -^ Ws^eti^ioifh ^He '*i weft ain fecit -
■ |rbe j?^ui^^ fr,f k pba incorgof a^ in i^i Uni verGty ©f Pam^ whom ■■
A'e! Univejijjlcys.oppofed by atjf^me^s, jprefentingfai Petitibnunto the
(ijeen Regeiit'agaiiiift them, j;ji«fejfi ; laying de^'n-atfla'^ge their damU
jiafjlis I^of^rine, ..an4 ftrange Eqwvocatipns... Hereupon JFaftians be»
gan tri Par^y^'(^m ftaijding; foj;, oti^ersifiding 3,g3t\it& the Jt&itte$. But
3ftfc ttouds were (juick|ly dilperfe4, and the State preferved , 'for the
continuance whereof Jr, or? of the Mafters of flequefts,
a itan of gfeat tearning and Judgeraenc, wrote ijnto her a Difcoutfec^ ■■■
.. ,t][Je^ '^^ pf,^<^ in- wKif ; Serg^OBs -tr^tBg-,©? irf^ jQu^ftion, WH^-
^ff,tt,^e-^LavQfHtt(rl^ pd ■>:rfuti:Bg.:/M«r»tw«'^ -Bodk and
^Iher's^' he made an exhortation tg. the jefuiies^thdt they fli6uld here-
after have a great care, that no Book (hould be pubUfhcd to the pre-
judice of Fr»
letting them underftand, tha?, their Majefticsihad given him in charge
to fay, that all their juft requefts fhould be favourably' anfwered, ^aud >■
wbatfoever hadbeen promifed ihould be paid. 1
^ ' " " Tht.r
ioi %l)t ccelefiafttcai %tfto?v cent, lyi
";: The Duke of £^fr»oM to manifbft his gratitude to King ;^e«>-_y til.
'•his Maftef and Benefidor, begged/of the Queen Regent to give hiiilQ
•leave to- perform Ms Funeral Rites^ he having' formerly-afier'thedea't^
-of thefaid Kingj* attended his Body to Com^eigncy where the misfor-
-tunes of- U^r,-and the eonfiifioris of the tsires psrmitted not at.that time
■the performance ther^eof.'v ■'^'- •''"'-''^^- .■-«v^;>v.-. «. v,^..,i.v.\ n.^, . ••■^\.
The Qyecn readily confented to his requeft,.fo tbat the' butce
iwith a great •company of Lorck and Gentlemen, went to fetch the bo>-
jdy kom-CoTKyeigni'^itom whence he conveyed iv to Sr. i>tf«^,vfrherp
it wasdepofited-in tfteafieitnt^^epBlchteqf the /iCinls oilFf^nce. ^
4ittl e before -his ' ileatti the Diike, cauf^d' ^ Matbfe rillar, ^Me of ihe
moft excellent pieces of Architedb6re(5fy»efe -late times," to' be carrf-
THi«^^-(£^?,a t^reikS Cardin^L". -'Hf$,
sgd Cardinal J'?>/?f«r Du
Tleffis concerning this anfwer, telling him that it was finiftied, and
that himfelf had feen it. ©wP/f/JIj- defired C/f/^«to« togiv^himfrora ,
iiim the faraeCounfel which Chrift A\ »
7^7""""^^ %l)t ectitUMal !&ift£)?P Cenc. 17.
diftiou ^ mak^ifjg a, fp^ch unto the,i», in wl^ich he defired them to for^^
get the diftiriguifhing names orP<«/M/? and Prcucftatit.
A&erwards a diiTention arofe between' Movfieur Du ^o«/f« Minifter
of the Church at F<«>-fcr, iVL^TUenn^^ Profeflbur at Sfi^- Vfi-Pleffu. The iflue of which
voyage was, That King fames refolved to fend Letters to all Proteflant
Princes, to invite chemto Union j and defired iht French Churches
to frame aConfeffion, gathered* out of all thofe of other Reformed
Churches, in the which unneceffary Points ipight be Icfe out, as the
^e^^nsof begetting difcor4 and diflgption. , .. , .
Two Months before U«^eai/i»'s coming into f«j/4W, VuPerroa
'had made an Oration in the States affembled at ^B/otf ; where he had
niaintained, that the Pope had power to depofe Kings, and had ufed
ISlTig James very ill; and having publiflied it in Print, he fent if to
hisMajefty .To gnfwer tbsx OrmqnKing James made ufe o£DHM>uUns
fcrvice for iht-Frtnch Language ; and ft. was Printed the firft time in
, French while "I^h ALiulin was in Englofid in that year 1615. before it
was Printed in Engli^i. The King going to Cambridge^ carried
D^^ Moidin along with him ,. and made hiin take th€ Degree of
Doftor. . .y, ,•„- :,-.^ :,i ^ r,;.r,_ ... ^: i :^- ■.' ,^
The Doctor at his return into France Landed at BHilen., Where
.^pnJkurdeComfagnoles Was ' Goyernpur for the Duke of EJperwn.
it was the time when the Frfwc^ Princes bega^ntoftiragainft .Miry the
Queen-Mother of France.
' And becaufe the Prince of ^<>We was courting the Reformed Chur-
ches to joyn with him in that dcfign, the Dodorwas fufpeded, as
having taken that journey to procure help fiom ExglandioT the Prin-
ces, Wherefore Cr^»Bi;e; was chaifged to arreft him at his Land-
ing, which he didj and committed him to the Guard of two Souldiers,
feized upon his Trunks and Papers, and fearched them. But after two
daitSj he releafed him, defiring.him to tell no m^n, ©f the wrong he
had done him.
The Doftor finding at his return, that the Proieftants began to en-
gage with the Princes againft the Qucen-aiother, and incffed againft
the
<jr 1;: .-:z Lr'
Aiid the Paftours ofthe Reformed, Churches taught their people fi-
delity and obedience tothe King. Then he reprefented the many Pe-
rils and Combates which the ProteftaJits had fuftained for the defence
of K.ing Hertry IV. till they had brought him to the Crown. Of
which Tervices ihey that had been the King's enemies received the
reward. This anfwer of the Minifters was prefented to the King by
Ooo the
io6 %l)t€aitt\^MBXm(tOlV Cent; 17.,
seetiiciifeof ihcVukioi Rohan. This bold addrcfs tg the King irritated the great
Dr. i-« ^M'". officers of the Grown, of whom not a few,, or. their Fathers, had been of
the party of cheLeague.The Jcfuites therefore letting their challenge faU,
indidcd the Miniftersof Trcafon,although all the ground they could find
for it was,that the Minifters called the Reformed Churches their peeple,2s
if they had pretended fome Soveraigmy over, them. The Minifters
being fummoHed before the Council, the indtftment of Treafon wai
not much urgedj as being but a Cavil. After grave Admonitions
and high threatnings by ChanceUour Brnjlart , they difraifled
them.
That challenge of jr^^-wo^-v, and a Pamphlet of bis againft the confeffion
of Faith of the Reformed Churches in prince, occaSoned.theDoftor to
VftKthis Buckler of Faith.
A Jefuitecame to theDoftors Study todifpute with him. t^oa-
fitur de Mongimt^ a famous Phyfitian, was prefent at the Conference,
whereby he was converted, and fet out an excellent Book of the rea-
fons why he abjured Popery. He had many encounters •, and to relate
all his Conferences might fill a great Volume. Scarce was he a week
without one, while he lived in Paris ^ and fome of them were very
jong. He was the objeA of the pubHek hatred o£ the. Rontanifif,
His name was the general Theme of Libels cryed up in the Streets,
of railing Sermons in all PolpitSj and of the curfes of ignoraot
Zealots.
ThePoplfli Clergy, in the year 1617. being aflembled at thehOufe
oLAHjiln-Friers 'm Paris ( as every two years thfey ufed. codo) be-
ing to rake their leaves of the King, eleftcd the Bifhop of ^irt to b^
iheir Spokef-man, and to ceftifie his Majefty of their grievances. In
p«rforming which bufinefs, the principal thing of which he fpake was.
to this purpofe, That whereas his Majefty was bound to give thein
Fathers, he gave them Children. That the name of Jlbbot fignifiesa.
Father , and the Fanftion of a Biffiop was full of Fatherly, authority : :
vet France notwithftanding was now filled "with Bifhops and Abbot?,
which are yet in their Nqrfes arms, or elfe under their Regents in
, Coiledges, Nay more, that the abufegocth before the Being, Chil-
dren being commonly deffgn*d-'to Bilhopricks and Abbacies bcfor^-thw
wereborn. i ^■A-f.-^rr-^^^. '^''^^ ■"':'"';'"',''' ^-.
He alfo made anotHer compkrnt, that th«" Soveraign Courts by
their Decrees h«d attempted upon the Authority which.,was Commit*
V ted to the Clergy, even in that which concerned meerly Ecclefiaftir
cal Discipline and Government of the Church. To thefe complaints
he gave them indeed a very gracious hearing, butit never went fur-
ther than a hearing, being never followed ty rcdrcfs. The Court^pf
Rarlliment knew- too well -the ftrength of their own Authority : and
tb?JS$;ing was loth to take from himfelf thofe-ex-e, he continued there till the day of his death,
which followed in the year 1623. there applying hiiafelfto holy me-
ditations and Exercifes of Patience.
DoAot DhMohHh having had time and occafion whilft- he was
Prefident ofthe Synod of y4/^«, and in his long journey to it and from
it,, to know.the evil pofture of affairs, hefound himfelf preft in Spirit
towritc to the Aflembly oi Rachel: and becaufe that Epiftle isa piece
that giveth much light to the Hiftory of that time, andagoodlelTon-
to all that pretend Confcience and Religion for their refiftance to their
Soveraign by force of Arras, I will give fome account, of it in this
pjace..
Gentlemen, ,
I do not verite to you tofour myforrows intoyotn-hofom^ortotnter- feetheLtfeo?-
t.
of our churches Vfi^ieth for yourftparation, if it may be with thefafe-
ty of your prfons : yea, that many of the Roman Chnrch defiring the
fuhlick. peace, are continmiHy about us y befeechijig and exhorting w,
that xve do not by cafiing our felves headlong ini/ohe them in the fame
mine. Generally our poor flocks are frighted and difmaied^ cafii^ig
their eyes upon you as pet fans that' may procure their reji j and by
yielding to the prefent necepty blow away the fiorm hanging over their
heads. Many already have for fakcn the Land; many have for faktfi
their Keltgion ; whence yon may judge what dijftpation is like to follow-,
if this exafperation go on further. No more do I need to recommend un-
to you to have a tender care of the prefervation of our poor Churches^
kiiowing that you would chufe death, rather than to draw that reproof h
■ upon you ^ that you have hafiened the perfecution of the Churchy and
dejiroyed that which the x.eal ef our • Fathers hadplantedy and put this
State in confufiony&cc,
(^onftder then whether the fubfftence of your Affembly can heal all
' thefe fores : whether your fitting can give a flielter to our Churches^
provide all things neceffary for 4 War, where the parties arefo unequal •,
raife. forces,, and makj a fiockof money to pay them ; whether all the
good that your fitting can produce, can countervail the dijjipation of fa
many Churches that lie open to the wrath of their enemies ^ whether
when they are fallen you can raife them agatn •, whether in the evi-
dent divifion that ii among w, you are able to rally the fcattered
parts of that divided body-, which tf it were well united^ yet would be
too weakjofiand upon the defenfive part.
Pardon me, Gtnikmcn, if I tell you, thatyoufhallnotfnd all our
Troteflants enclin'd ahke to obey your refolutiens -, andthat the fire be-
ing kindled all about, you jliall remain helplef beholders of the ruine .
you have provoked. Neither can it be unknown to yoUy that many of
the befl .{Quality among m, and be ft able to defend m, do-openly blame
your aUions, prof effing thatfujfering for this caufe ii not fi*ffiringfar
the caufe of God. Thefe making no re fifiance, and opening the Gates
-of their places ^ or joining their arms with the King's, yau may eafily
judge what lof, and what weakening of the party that will be. How
•many of our Nobility will forfake yon, fame outofconfeienceyfome oitt
of treachery, fome out of weal{"ef ■' Even they who in an ^ffembly aft
rnofl vehement in their votes, andto fhew themfelves Zealom are alto-
gether for violent wales, are very often they that firfi revolt andie-
'tr^y their Brethren. They bring our dijireffed Churches tothehottefi
danger and there leave them, going away after they have fet the hoHjfe
on fire.
If there be once fighting, or befieging of our Towns, whatfocver may
the tjfue be of the Combat e or the fiegCy all that while it will be hard
to keip the people animated ^gainfi w from falling upon eur Churches ^
. " thai
Cent. \7. Of FRANCE. " li}
that have neither retreat fjordefence, jindwhst order foeverthe Ma-
gifirates of contrary Keligion take about it , they Jhall never be able to
cowpaj? it.
Certainly this ftirring gfyoHri is altogether unfeafonable, and yen
fet fail again fi vfind and tide. If any thing can helpy it muji he the
x,eal of Religion, &c.
But in this chufe youjhall find that z.eal languishing, becaufe mofi of
ear fiofle believe, that this evil might have been avoided without any
breach to our Confcience^ &c.
IVhen I call to mind ourfeveral loJfeSy at that of Leftoure, Privas, and
Beam, / fnd that we our felves have contributed to them : and it is
no wonder that our enemies take no care to remedy our faults, and join
with MS to do m harm. But hence it follows not, that we muji fet our
houfeonfire our felves J hecaufe others are refolved to burn it-, or take
in band to remedy particular lojfes by means too weak^ to redref them, but
firong and certain to ruine the general. God who hath fo many timet
diverted the Counfels tak^n for our ruine^ hath neither lofi his Towers
nor altered his Will, we jhall find him the fame fiill, if we have the grace
to wait for his ajfijlance, not cajiing our felves headlong by our impati-
ence, or fetting our minds ehfiinately upon impojfihilities. Certainlyy
although our enemies feek^ our rnine, yet they wiH never undertake it
openly without fame pretence, other and better than that of Religion^
which We mufl not give them. For if we keep our. felves in the
'obedience which Subjells owe to their Sovereign, joufliall fee that whilji
cur Enemies hope in vain that we fiiallmake oi^r felves guilty by fame
difobedience, Godwillgive themfome other work^, and afford at occajions
tojhew to his Majefly, that we are a Body ufeful to his State, and put
him in mind of thefignal fervices that our Churches have done to the
late King of glorious memory. But if we are fo unfortunate, that whilfi
we keep our felves to our duty, the calumnies of our enemies prevail ^
at leaji we pall get fo much, that we pall k^ep ail the right on
our fide , and make it appear that we love the peace of the
State.
Notwith Handing all this, Gfflltlemen, you may and ought to take
order far the fafety of your perfons. For whrreas his Ma'jcfly and
his Council have faid often, that if you feparate your felves, he will
let our Churches enjoy peace, and the benefit of his £ diets, &:c. And
whenfoever you Petition for your f.tfe dijfolution, I truji it wiH be en fig
to obtain it, if you make poffible requcfis, and fitch as the mifery of the
time and the prefent neceffity can bear. And in the mean time yon
may advife before you part, what fliould be done, if notwithftanding
your feparation we fljould be opprefi. That order your prudence mayfind,
and it it not my part to fuggefi it unto you, ,i ' ■
ii4 X^e ccclefiaflical ^tGo;t^ cent. 17.
:c-,p.
It
Jf by propounding thefe things mro ycftf J have exceeded the limits
vf difcretion^ J hope yon will impute it to my- z,eal for the good and pre-
fervation of the Church- And if this advice of mine is rejected, this
comfort I pmH hme, that I havr difcharged my Confcience : and reti-^
ring myfelfmtofome foreign Country, there IrviS endthofe few daies
I have yet to live, lamenting the lo^oftheChttrch., and the defiruClion
of the "Temple, for the building whereof T havelahoured with much more
coHrage and fidelity than fuccef. The Lord turn away his wrath-
from Hi, direti your z^fembly .^ and preferve yoitr Perfons, I
rejiy &c.
From Sedan
February i2t 1^21.
vid.r.H.his Thefe men not onty gave Audience to Ambafladours, andreeeivcd
p^v,''" , 5 Letters frotnforreign Princes, but alfb importuned bis Majefty to have
a general liberty of going into any. other Countries, and affinging in
their Councils a matter of fpeeial importance. And therefore the
King upon a fortfight of the dangcrs,wifcly Prohibited them to go te any
Affemblies without a particular Licence, upon pain to be declared Tray-
tors.. Since that time growing ipto greater ftrength, whenfoever they
bad occafion of bufincfs with King Lewes, they would never Treat
with him but by their Ambafladours, and upon fpeciai Articles.. An
ambition above the quality of thofe that profefs themfelves Sorbonets,
and the only way, ( as De Serres noteth ) to make an Eftate in the
State, But the anfwers made unto the King by thofe oijilerack, and
iLMontauban, are pregnant proofs of their intent and meaning in this^^
kind. The firft being fummoned by the King and Army July zz^.
Anno 1 62 1, returned thus, That the King fhould fuffer them to^n joy
their Liberties, and leave their Fortifications as they were^or'them. for
their lives, and fo they would declare themfelves ,icrbe his good Sub-
Jefts.. They oiMontaubanindi, That they w«re refolved to live and.
die in the Union of the Churches j butfaid not for theferviceofthe
r^ing.
This Union and Confederacy of theirs, King Lewe: ufed to call ,.
the ^ommon-wealth of Rachel: for trie overthrow of which be alwaias
protefted, that he had only taken Arms. On the fecondof y^/ri/ before
he had as yet advanced into the Field, he publi/hed a Declaration in fa-
vour of all thofe of the Proteflant Religion, which would contain,
themfelves within duty and obedience. And whereas htat of Tours
at the beginning of the Wars had tumultuoully moleftedtheProteftants.
at the burial of one of their dead, five of them by the King's fpecialc
Commandment were openly executed.
When.
Cent. 17. Of FRANCE. ,,j
When the War was hotteft abroad, thofe of the Reformed Religion
at Varii lived fecurely, and had their accuftomed meetings ztCharen-
ton-^ fohadthofealfo of other places. Moreover when tidings came
to Faris of the Duke oi Mayennes death, (lain before iJMontmheiny
and the French according to their hot-headed difpofition breathed out
nothing but ruine to the Hugomts •, the Duke of Monthaz.on, Go-
vernour of the City, commanded their Houfes and the Streets to be fafe-
ly Guarded. And when this Rabble had burnt down their Temple at
Charenton, the Court of Parliament on the day following ordained that
it fhould be built up again in a more beautiful manner, and that at the
King's charge.
The foreraentioncd Letters of Dr. Du Moulin being read in the Af-
Tembly at Rochet^ raifed much conteftacion. In the end the violent
Party prevaling, it was refolved, that Monfienr de laMillitiere fhould
vintnoDu Du Moulin \n thenaracof thcAflembly, to defire him
that he would not impart the faid Letters unto any, and to tell him that
bis advice was not approved. Yet his advice was fo reliflied by fome
ofthe AfTembly, that they arofe, and prefently left it, and never re-
turned to it again.
But the violent men in the Aflembly did good fervice to the Court
by.their violence, and were feed by the Court to thruft their Brethren
into a precipice, and give to the King the long defired occafion to take
from the Proteftants the places granted to them by his Father's Edid.
The forenamed MilUtiere vns one of thofe violent men, who after-
wards forfook his party and his Religion • and by his working
and unhappy wit he hath created much trouble unto the French
Churches.
The Duke of EJpernon now receives a Commiffion from the King to
march with an Army to reduce Beam, (which the Marquefs de la
Force had excited to new Commotions) to their duty and obedience.
The Marquefs having intelligence that the Duke was coming againfl
him, fends to divert the Duke from coming into Beam ; but that not
taking effed, he fends one Charles, the principal Minifter of Beam unto
him. Thisperfon in the quality of a Deputy from the Country, was
fent to reprefent to him the fterility of the Country, the poveny cf
the inhabitants , and difficulty of the waies, and the refolttion of
the people to make a fmart refiftance, Hiould they ( who were in a very
good difpofition at prefent) be urged tothclaft extreams. But the
Duke having flatly told him , that the end of his Expedition was to caufe
the King to be obeyed, and to chaftife all thofe that fliculd rebell
againft him, he was fent back very much aftonifhed at fo brisk a
reply.
The Bearnois now gave themfelves for loft : their high vaunts but a
few dates before, chat they would defend their Religion and their Coun-
Ppp a tries
Ill
%^t€tt\t^nixm\^\ftoiv Cent. {7^
tries libercy to the laft man, were coavened into a pannickfear •, fo
that on a fudden whole Cities were left defolate , men of the beft qua-
lity among them, with their Wives and Children , feeking their Gtety
in their flight, out of a juftapprehenfion of all the punishments an offen-
ded Prince might reafonably infliftupon a ftubborn and mutinous people.
In this general confternatioa of the Bearmis the Duke drew near to
- 0.nez.j the Caftle whereof was very ftrong, and had of late been for-
tified, and furnifhed with all neceffaries of War, whith alfo {hut up
the pafsof the whole Country^ and was of fo advantageous afcituation,
as was very eafie to be defended. But thofe wiihin no fooner heard-
that the Duke h:d fent for Cannon from Navarrens to force thera,
but they prefently fi^rrendered without flaying till they could be
brought up. ..."
The Marquefs de U Force hiimg intelligence af the furrender of
Ortez,, made hafte to be gone : and the Duke itifmediately advancctb
from O.rtez. to Olhrm^ where fome Fortifications had lately been made,
which were aUq at bis .^gearing deferted, without the leaft fhew of op-
pofition^ -; .^fit^: •;'■ ;,.:■ ic f. ; vini ■.■:
At length the fear of the Duke's feverity, that had before frighted
every one from his habitation, being converted into an abfolute confi-
dence in his Clemency and goodnefs, every one return'd to his own-
borne* The Cities which at bis coming had been almoft totally defert-
ed, were on a fudden re-inhabited, infomuch that from that time for^
ward alkheDuke had todo> was only to receive the tenders and pro-
teftations of their obedience, and to &t down Rules for their Civil Go-
vernment,, which were ordered with much wifdom and juftice. He
took fuch care to reconcile the interefts of Religion, that both parties
were fetisfied with the equal fliares he divided betwixt them in the
publick adminiftration. And alJ this was performed in lefs than three
weeks time ;, his journey thither, his flay ihere, and his return thence^'
being in dl not two month's expedition.
The Marquefs de la Force had fled from VaH^'m fo great hafte, that
be had left his Wardrobe, Cabinets, and Papers at random, of all which-
the Duke took care to have an Inventory taken^ leaving them fiife,
Ceal'dup, in the cuftody- of a perfon in whom- he knew the Marquefs-
repofed an entire truft.
Now the Duke retreats out of Biarn to Sx.Jtan d' jingeli^ a Protc-
ftant Town in France. In this Town, one Mr. l'Flf//?3 a Scotch man,
was Preacher to the Proteflant Church, where his Miniftry was blefied
with, much fuccefe. That Town- had been twice bciieged ^ and God'
Co ordered things , that the King did parley wiibihe Town on favou-
rable terms, and did only himfelf with his Court come into the Town-
without doing any violence. On the following Lord's day fome of
t|ie Proteftants in that place fearing Mr, ITf/A his hazard, earnefilyde^
fired
Cent. ,i|r.> of F R A N C E. nj*
fired him not to Preach, the Court being there : but he adventured to
Preach the word unto his people, and on that day had a great Audito-
ry both of friends and others ; but in Sermon time a Great man of
the Court, with forae of the King's own Guard, were fent to bring
him forthwith before the King. Whilft hewasentring the Church,,
wherein he found forae difficulty by reafon of the multitude, Mt.lVelfi
turned himfelf towards that entry, and defired the people to give way
to one of the great Peers of trance^ who was coming in. But when
he drew near the Pulpit to execute his Commiffion, by putting force up-
on Mr. Wel^^ he did with great authority fpeak to him before all the •
people, and in the name of his Matter Je/iw Chrifl charged him not to
difturb the worfliip of God ^ whereat the Nobleman was fo ftartled,
that he fate down and made no further trouble.
The Sermon being ended, \AuWd^i with much fubmifliQn went to
the King, wht) was then greatly incenfed.^ and with athreatningcoun-
tenance asked what he was •, and how he durft Preach Herefie fo near
his Perfon, and with fuch contumacy carry himfelf. To which with
due reverence bowing himfelf, hedidanfwer. I.4m.( Sir), the Servant
and Minifter oijefw Ckrifi, whofe Truth I Preached this day •, which
if your Majefty tightly kneijCj^ye would hayc judged it your duty eg
have come and heard. /■.,;.?•. ;. ,;) :.
And for my Dodrine, I diithis day Preach thefe three Truths t*
your people, i . That man is falkn, and by nature in a loft condition ;
yea by his own power and abilities is not able to help himfelf out of
thateftate. 2. That there is no falvation,. or deliverance from wrath
by our own merits, but by Jefiis Chrift and his merit alone. 3 . I did
alfo Preach this, day the juft liberties of the Kingdom of France ^ that
your Majefty oweth obedience to Chrift only, who is Head of the
Church; and that the Pope, as he is an enemy to Chrift and his Truth, fo
alfo to the Kings of the Earth, whom he keepeth under (lavery to liis
ufurped power. Whereat the King for a time, keeping filence, with
great aftonifhment turned to fome about him, and faid, Surely-, this
uammofGod. Yea, the King did afterwards commune wiih-him,:ancL
with much refpedl difmifTedhim..
The year following, whilft the dift'erences between the King and the
Protcftant party didgrow, the City was again befieged, taken;, and in,
part facked, as Mr._WeiJ1} had publickly foretold j at- which time the
King pafled a ftrid order, thar none fhould in. ilw Icaft. wrong Mr...
Weljh , or any thing that belonged to him, under hightft pains, ar/d;
' did after give a ftfe-conduft to him for tranfporting himfelf into Ea-
glandjViheK dc i\id.
The Duke of EJperuon having now received the Command of the Ar-
my, fets down before Kochcl Attbe end oi July .• but, ih? taking oJ" thia.-
' City W'as rcfervedfor the K'Bg himfelf.
Whilst
ivS %i)t ettittMxtm^i^ox^ ccntT^
Wbilft.che Duke hy before Rafhely the King had wiih extraordinary
MigoutiptakfUKd his defigns in Gfiiemje, where he had compell'd moft
of ib€ places pofleiTed by th€ ProtcftaBts in that Province to fubmit to
bis Power. He had reduced Berber ac, St.foy, Tuimirol, Tournottj
Mortjiwqitm, with feveral others: beficged and taken C/fr^c, and at
laft laid iiege to 3cri7?;f<»«i'/JM, though herein he had not been To fuccef-
ftjl as in hisother enterprifes : fo that the year ending with this variety
of accidents, his Majefty was conftrained to return to taris^ where he
abode until the cnfuing Spring.
Th« Winter being fcarce over, Monjteur Sotibiz.e having fortified
himfdf in the Ifleof Ree\ and fome other Iflands oiPoiElou^ thought
the difficulty of their accefs woidd proted him from the Royal power :
feut the King paffed over the marill^es, and gave him fo notable a defeat,
that he could not of a long time after recover that blow, nor put him-,
felf again into any tolerable pofture of War.
In the beginning of the year 1622. the Count oi Soijfons had the
charge of the Army which lay before Rochel, conferred opon him :
and the Duke of£/^fw»«is fent to lay fiege to ^oy4« , which is a lit-
tle City built upon a very high Rock by the Sea lide, inaccelfible on that
(idc toward the water, theheight whereof breaking off the impetuofi-
ty of the winds, at the foot of the Precipice affordeth a very fecure
harbour to fo many veflels as it could contain. This harbour was defen-'
ded by an ancient Caftle rais'd upon the eminence of the Rock •, and
in ibemidft of it a little way was levell'd, that led to the harbour by
one of the Gates of the City. On that fide toward the Land the fcitu-
ation was more even, but there alfofo well Fortified, that it was thought
to be one of the raoft tenable places for its Circuit in France. And it
was almoft without danger to be defended, forafmuch as after their
outworks (hould be taken (which could not be til] after a longfiege^
the convenience of the Sea, and the vicinity of Rochel, rendered their-
rctreat at any time fo eafie and fo fecure that it was to be defended to the
laft extream.
But by the Dukes admirable Conduft, and the valour of his Souldiers,
this place was in a few weeks reduced to the King's obedience.
The King's Army now marcheth into Guienne, where at his Ma-
icfties arrival he found Monravet taken by the Duke d' Elbauf •, and
Themeins after a long and obftinate refiftancc furrendered to the fame
Duke. Le Mont de Marfan with feveral other confiderable places
were alfo reduced to his obedience by the Marquefs de It Force^ de Lh'
jignan^ and deCaftelnau de Chalcjfe, who had taken them in.
His Majefty pafled fpeedily from (juiemie into Langnedoc. Nigri'
foltjfe, a little Town of ^ersnupon his way, was fo impudent as to
iland afiege ; but it was fbon taken by aflault , and there the Soul-
diers (hewed tl^ very rigour of feveriiy, which cither a barbarous Vifior
could
II
p^
Cent. 17^ Of FRANCE.
could inflid, or a vanqui/hed people fuffer : for they fpared neither man^
woman, nor child, all equally fubjed to the-auelty of the fword and the.
Conquerour : the Streets paved with dead^carkafTeg^che channels running
with the blood of Chriftians ^ nonoifeln the Streets but of fuch as were
welcoming death, or fuing for life. And when the Souldiers had ipade
the Women the fubi«fts of their lufts, they made them after the fubjeds
of their fury; in this o'nly pitiful to that poor and diftreffedSeXjthat they
fuffered ihem not to furvivc their honours. Such ofthein who outr of
fear and faintnefs had made but little refiliance, had , the favour to be
ftabbed : but thofe whofevertucgnd courage maintain 'd their bodiesva-
liantly from the rape of thofe villains, had the fecrers of nature filled
with Gun-powder, and fo blown into afhes. St. Amonin having after
a fiege furrendercd to mercy, the neighbouring places thought it con-
venient to flie to the King's Clemhicy,to ivack the trial of his vidorious
Arms.
: Then the King befiegeth tJ^fofitpelier^ md after much blood fpilc
theDUke of^ff^^w wasglad to makeufe qfa jundurewhereinhispar-
ty had fomeiittle advantage, to procure a more favourable peace,, whiclt
was accordingly figned before Montpelier, Gilober 22.. 1622. and,
(^alongts furrendred up the place to hisMajeftie's bund, who if he
had by his courage woo himfelf a great reputation in the fiege, he ob-
tained no iefs by his ingenuity ia thg handfora manner of his fubmiffion \
to the King. "Hie King made bis etitrance into t|ie City, and having !
taken order for the defence of the City, he returned towards ?mit .• and ''»
in the yearidz'j. the Duke otEJpernon- arrives z\. Paris with a nu-
merous train, where he was received by the King and the Queens with-
great kindnefs. All hisaccompts, and the other affairs that moft re-
quired his prefenceat Faris, were in Iefs than four Months difpatched,.
fo that toward the latter end qiJfriim^hi^^^l^^, he began to think
of his return into «w^ -,:>(-'• ;,.,/ i;,i ,-iOqt,' ii ;?t)ir>
CitA\n\\ Sichlieu wjis after his depirajrc made Prime MiniHer o£
State, who foon (hews himfelf to be oppofite to the Duke» '^^^
The peace that had been concluded before Mdntfelicr in the year vi.i. t.'ic nm^.
'E622. had hitherto continued the affairs of the Kingdom in fnme re-^^ft^iifiot"
pofe: and ahhough, thofe of the Reformed Religion ex prcOld forae '1?'!';:;,^^^
difpofitions tod new Commotion', there was as yet no manifcft breach.
SoHbiz.ey by an attempt madfe upon the King's Shipping at BUver, *
made the firft breach. All the reft of the party broke into Arms at the
fame time, and the Duke of Rohan, who had long been known to be
the Head of that palrty, ftirredthem into infurredion. A promptitude
in his PaniZans fo much the more to be wondered at , as he com-
manded a fort of people whofe obedience was only voluntary.
. Montanhan was one of the Cities not only of Guiemic, but alfoo^-'
the whole Kingdom, that engaged the deepeft in this revolt, tlie Tnha-
kitsuit»
^iib %l)t€aMa&im^iftOl^ Gent. If.
btcants whereof bybaving had a fiege raifedfroin before their Walls,
arid by having baffled a Royal Army, even when animated by the pre-
fence of the King himfelf, began to think theinfelves invincible, and their
-City a place not to be taken.
■■•'■ The King thcrefote fent order to the Duke oi Ejperfwn totakeArmsi
which he did, arid laid wafte the Country about Montanban. Many
fmari engagements there were, with great lofs of men on the fide of
the befieged, who made a vigorous refiftance. Many lamentable ob-
jeds were every where to be fcen : itomPkqueros ( a place famous
for having been the King's qD3rter daring the fiege of ^oBf^wf-^w, and
from whence the whole Plain betwixt the Rivers Tarn and Vairan lay
open to the view) fo foon as theobfcurity of the night gave colour to
the fire that had been kindled by day, one might have feen a thoufand
fires at once : the Corn, Fruif-trees, Vines and houfes were the aliments
that nourifhed this flame.
''SoHhiz.e in the mean time endeavours to divert the Duke from hijg
enttrprize by Landing three thoufand five hundred Foot, andfomc
few Horfe mihtXovict Gafcony in the Country of t<5?/efi!oc. This lit-
tle Country ( which IS almoft all the Duke's) environs a great part of
the Metropolis of Bitrdeaux, extending it felf to the v* ry Gates of the
City : but SoKbiz.e was ftiamefuUy repulfed ; his Forces routed ; the
few that efcapcd the Vigors hands with much ado recovered their Ships,
leaving theirdead, tHeirArms, Artillery and Baggage, as infallible tefti-
cndnies of a total defeat,
\" About the year 1623. the famous Book of Cardinal 1>u Perron'
againfl; King James of famous memory, came forth. That Book was
extolled by the Rowanifls with great brags and praifes. His Majefty be-
ing efpecially interefled and provoked by that Book, was pleafed to
recommend the confutation of it to his old Champion V>t.Du Moulin,
who undercook it upon his Majefties Command. And that he might
attend that work with more help and leifure, his Majefty invited him
to come into Englmd. And together being moved with compaffion
by the adverficies the Doftor had fufFcred for his fake, he offered him a
refuge in England^ promifing to take care of him, and ta employ hira
in one of his Ufiiverficies. He accepted that Royal favour. Fie fet out
of Sedan in March 1624. and went "to Bntxels and Antwerpy and fo
to Holland : whence after feme daies ftay ziiht Hague mth his wor-
thy Brother in law Doftor Rivet, he took Shipping for England, . He
wasgracioufly received by his Majeftyi
God vifitcd him with a grievous ficknefs, by an heavy oppreffion in
his Hypochondries, with an inflammation of black choler,which feldom
let him fleep, and kept him in perpetual agony. Yet even then he fpent
much time in his great work againft Cardinal D« Perron, and preached
often in ihe French Church. In the depth of his pain gnd anguifli he
was
Ccnt.ir. Of FRANCE. ui
was beyond meafure afflided with the perfecutions that ruined the Chur-
■ches of France^ and the divifions then increafing in the Churches of
England.
There was at I,(7«
unto his death, without any notable change in his condition, but one -
of publick concernment by the, tniferable change of the Duke of Bo--
iiilUn. . . , ■
• That D,uke being Pripce; of Sed:if7',[iW PTbK&om 0I3 flourifBing.
Pj;oteftant Church, andl'tbe refuge of rrianyopprefled Proteftants in '
f ranee, was perverted byfallirigi-nloVe with a beautiful Lady, a Sub-
)cd born of the Spaniard, anct' a Papift ofthedeepeft Jefuicifh dye,
which feduced and. turned him both to the Romijh Religion, and to the.
Sp<2«i(J' Party,, Soon after the Duke declared hittjfelf a Papift, to the
incredible lofs of the Proteftant Party. .
S«a(<«» wasgrownby the perfecutionsin Ff^^jcf. The greatell num-
ber and the richeft fort, confifted of the Pofterity of perions that had .
tranfported, their Families and their Eftates \o Sedan, during the Wars ,
of Religion-, and that place was a refuge at hand for the Proteftams .
when any trouble arofe in France. This change therefore in the Prince
wrought aj great confternation in the people ofSedaiJ, and a great grief
in the generality of all the frenchTioieR.3i.ms, Which the Duke of Bo- .
villen perceiving^and judging,that as they lived at Sedanupon the account
of their Religion, they might retire from it upon the lame account, he
.called the Church and the Univerfity, and told them', that he would lend :
them, the fame Proteftion as before, and innovate nothing. Only where- .
as he gathered the Tythes of his Dominions, and therewith gave wages
tothe Miniftcrs, Profeffours, and Regents, as alfo Stipendstothe Priefts • _
now the Priefts muft have the Tythes as their ancient right,and he would ;
pay to the Minifters, Profeffours, andRegents, their ordinary Stipends,
out of his own Eftate, ,
Sedan enjoyed that reft for a year or two, till the Duke won by his
Wife to forfake the Protedion which he enjoyed under the King of
France who paid hisGarrifon, agreed with the 5p<2»^^>-<5/ to put himfelf ,
under his Proteftion, to turn out the French Garrifon and receive his j
Which Plot being difcovered by fome oi Sedan., was made known to
the French Court, and fuch order was taken, that the Duke's defign
was prevented, Himfelf, his Lady, and all his Retinue, were turned out .
oi Sedan, andarekeptout of it to this day, and the place continueth un-
der the fubjeftion oi France.
This year the Inhabitants of the ^/ro/«w were much diftreffed. The
Kalto line is i Country fcituateat.the foot of the ^/jpf/, not unlike a great,
ditch, feparated by the high Mountains from the (jrifons, and thofe
which are on the Coaft oi Italy. It is not of very large extent, not
above twenty Leagues in length, and one in breadth, but is very fertile, ,
and of great importance, ferving as, a Gite to the Spaniards and KenC'
tians,toht\ng Forces out oi Germany \x\\.o Jtaly, as well to defend as to
increafe their States. The Fe^^mW/ were not ignorantof.it, when
Shcy were embroiled with Pope Taul V. Anno 1603. They made a
League
Cent. 17. Of FRANCE.
nj
League with i\\t(jnfons, who are natural Lords of it, to have free paf-
fage through it, as their occafions (hould require, though prance had
the only power to difpofe of it, according to the Treaty made with
them by Lewes XH. and renewed by Henry IV. Anno i6oz. du-
ring the time of his own life, the life oi Lewes XIIL andeightyears
after his deceafe.
Which Alliance with them gives great offence to the Spaniards ^which
caufed them to make another League with th^ (jrifonsjio whom the fame
parages were afllired for the fafeguard of Milan. But after a long
Treaty made in the yeari6i3.thefe two new Alliances were overthrown,
and that of France re-fetled, which was not for any long time : for.
from the year 1617. to the year 16^1. there were nine infurreftions"
among them. Atlaft the Faltolines made a general revolt, and at the,
perfwafion of the Governour of ^?7rf», maffacred all the I*roteflants
they met with. In July 1620. the Governour ofMiUnknt them Soul«
diers, and builded them Forts in their Valley.
The French King then being engaged in re-taking thofe Towns which
the Hugonots had gotten into their pofleffion, could not fuccour the
Crifons with his Armies, but fent Ai'M.3.tihi\ de Bajfompiere^ extra-
ordinary AtnbafTadour ivAo Spain^ in his name to demand that the VaU
ioline might be rcftored, and all things replaced into their former
ftate. It was obtained, and accordingly it wasfigncdat ^JMadrid in
May 1 62 1, on coridition that certain great liberties might be accord-
ed to the Catholicks there ; and with a Provifo, tha,t t%eC;4«t(?«;ofthe
Swiffes and the Kaltolines fhould encUne the Grlfons to confent, to what
Ijad been agreed upon. i
But the SpijKi/jr^i procured the CathoHck Cantons to deny their con-
fents, which being wanting theywould put off the execution of the whole
Treaty •, and moreover made one at Milan with the Deputies of the
Grijons, and two others with the fame Grifons. and the Arch-Duke Leo-
poldjhy which they got great advantages in thofe Countriesjand fo kept
to themfelves the power, of paffitig any. Forces through that Country.
France never made any difficulty of according to any thing which
might contribute to the exercife of the Catholick Religion iniheFal-
toline, orfor fecurity of all fuch as m ide profeflion thereof. But they
would never agree to thofe demands which the Spaniards made con-
cerning the having of paffagcs, with fo much pcremptorinefs. During
which time Pope Gregory XV. died, and Vrban VIII. being fet in
his place, propofed new Articles of Accommodation, which compri fed
as much as could be of advantage for the Church and Catholicks, which
were readily accepted of by France, but as ftoutly rejcfted by the
Spaniards, for that it did not grant to them the enjoyment of the paffa-
ges. Then Cardinal Richlieu advifed the King not to ftand dallying
upon the means of a Treaty, as formerly, but forthwith to make ufe
Q.qq a of
17^^ '^ Xljeccclefiailtcai i&illo^p cem. 17
of his Arms to reduce thero to terms of juftice. The King refolvcs^
to fend the Marquefs
theEortsiii th: FaltoUne, which were all taken in the three firft Months
of the following year. N>wQrdjers are fent to the Marquefs to pro-
fecuce his Conquefts there. The: Pope feems to the Cardinal <5r /<«'
yalftte indthi Sieur de Bethme, to be very angry that the King fhould-
attempt opon the Forts in the f^altoline which were in his keeping, and'
fends the Sieitr Bernardino Nary to his Majefty, to teflifie to him bis-:
greatdifcontentatit.
The Kingof S^^w to bi:eak the League between the French Kin^ther
Duke oi Savoy, ini^t Venetians., negotiates another between himfelf.
and the Princes of Italy. The Spaniard fpreads abroad defaming'
libels againft the League of frdww, ^f»»«, and 5.■
The Spaniards therefore laboured very much to get the Sieur deSonbiz-e
sndRohan (who were the only eminent perfonsjto Command their Arms>
Their defign took efFcd. Thefe two Brothers, being met at Caflres., re-
folved to raife thofe of their Party ; the one by Sea at Guienne,. and the
other ia Languedbc,. The attempt upon the Fortof^/^Jz/ez-fothcrwife
Port S»^ Levees ) of which we have fpoken before, was an efFeft of that
refolution, as alfo the endeavours of the Duke and Duchefs oi Rohan be-
gan at the fame time in Languedoc. to draw in more Towns in to theis?
Party.
But the \AzTc^t{i de Ragny was fent in all hafte into Langnedoc with
certain Regiments to oppofe the firft Commotions •, and to employ
saaay perfons of difcretion to afTure himlelf of the Counfels of the
chie£
Cent. i;'. Of FRANCE.
»i5
chief Towns, and by this means moft of them^ kept within their
duties.
5o«^^«?publilT-it a ManifeftjWhich founded an Alarm to all the Prote-
flant Party, making them to believe that their utter ruine was concluded
on in the King's Council. That the lofs of their Religion was inevi-
table^ if they did not defend themfelves by Arms : and that the raifing
of Fort Saint Levies built by Rochel, was a fign of it. He fuggefted
to them, that the Catholicks were of opinion in moH ot their
Books , that they were not obliged to keep Faith with He-
reticks.
Moft were taken with thefe reafoiis, becaufe the Duke of Jtohan
dapt into fome Towns certain Gentlemen and Captains of his own Re-
ligion, to encourage them, and to ftir up the Popular Minifters, who
after this looked for nothing but when, to rife ; not confidering that
the infurredions which they were carried to,werc contrived by the Spa'
nurds, who pretended not to makcufe of them, but only to divert and
draw ofFthe King's Arras from Italy ^
That fomentation which the Spaniard gzve to ihe Hugomts^ where-
by toforcc the King to draw off his Afmy from thtValtoUne^ obliged
the f w«c^King to-do the like by the Spaniard in aflaulcing theCommon'-
wealth of Genoa.
" The Pope fends the Cardinal "Barburino in the quality of a Legate in-
to trancty to negotiate the Peace between the French King and the King
oi Spain.
The Hugonots by the Spaniards inftigation arm themfelves very
potently againft the French King. The Duke of Rohan took the
Command upon himfelfofthofe Forces in L;j«^«fi^oc, S9«^/>,e thofe in
ToiiioH,. Although Sotihiz.e had been repulfed from before the Pore of
Mnvit^ yet by that means he made hirafelf raafter of fix great Ships
which were the King's, and the Duke's of NemoHrs^ which gave hira
opportunity of doing very confiderablc damages.
He had formerly got together about eleven Ships of War, and ma-
ny Shallops and fraall Boats, and with thefe roved up and down
the Coafts of PoictoH and Cmnns , as hath been before hint-
ed at.
The Duke of Rohan got together about two thoufand men near Caftres, ^
He gave out that the Rochellers had taken Arms, and fworn a League
with the Churches of his Party, that he might by this pretence get a
like interefl in. fome other Towns which he had an eye upon.- A^nd
accordingly he went to Puilaurens^ RueljSorez.ey St.Pauby LeviatCy
and Briteficy and made the Confuls fwcar to the Confederacy ; after-
wards he came to the Gates oi Lavaur to furprz; it, tut his defign
took 00 effcd.
'xi6 %i)t €tc!eSr.l tical l?ulo^p~" centTV,
The Count of Carmain_ Goyernour oiFoix got mo Rue I iTi6.Sorex.ey
after the other Had farfaken them, and fo deah with the Confuls, that
they confefTed their faults, andproteftednot totake pare with him any
ipore. A Procefs was made in the Parliament of Tholonfe againft him
andallhis Adherents. '. ■.. - l ...-.., .^_- ■,: . ■
The Marquefs de Cranny and the Count cfCarmain 'Biarched againft
the Duke ; and whilft thofc who made the firft Encounter were at it -,
the leR. goiinto fianes , who were however fo • clofely purfued by the
Marflial's Forces, that the Regiment oi Normandy was hard at their
heels, entring into the Town with them. Thus he remained Mafter
of Peyrefquade, where there were about one hundred and fifty of the
Rebels Souldiers killed and hurt ; all which the Duke of ^ofc.?« beheld
from a Fort in Fianes where he then was, from which time forwards
he began todefpaij: of doing any great matters for the future, efpecial-
ly fince he faw himfelffo clofely followed; and that the Cardinal had
^aken fuch a courfe in LangHedoc^ that the King could have raifed '
more men in twenty four hours than the Duke in -a whole
inanth.
So ub iz.e Rnixng little aflurance on the main Lan^, had fortified
himfelf in the Ifles of Ree nadOlleron ; it was the more important to
remove him thence, becaufe otherwife it would be impofiible to reduce
Rochel unto its obedience, fo eafily and abundantly might he recruit
them with neceffaries from thofe fertile Iflands : but the Dukeof yWraf-
morency the King's Admiral made himfelf Mafter of the Ifle of Ree^
after a three dales Combate with a great deal of obftinacy on both parts.
The Duke of Montmorency Landed at OlUrony where he met with no
refinance.
The Sieur de Souhiz.i having withdrawn himfelf into Sag /ix.e, who lent to fupplicate him by their particular Deputies, that he
would be pleafed to employ them in the War of Italy, that they]
might teftifie by their paffion to ferve him, that there was not any dan-^
ger by Seaor Land,' to which they would not chenfully expofe them-
felves, to contribute to his glory. Having made their fpeeches, they
prefented the paper of their Complaints, which they faid were ground--.
ed upon feveral Graces which had been conferred upon them by the
Ed\d: of Nantes, and feveral other grants. The King received it, and
appointed it to be examined. , J .
Afwstr
128 %\)t €altM(tical^id^oif Cent, l^
Afier the paper of their grievances had been examined, the prefjch King
confirinedto thcoi whatever had been granted to theraby the Ediftof
NanteSj granting them freehberty for the esercife of their Religion in
fuch Towns where tiiey had Churches and Church-yards, and an Ad of
Oblivion for any thing done in the War ; but he would not confent to
the demoHfhing of Fort Lewes, as being of great import 'nee for the
•keeping of ^ocfcf/ in awe and obedience.
Thefe favours were accepted by the general Deputies of ihe Prote-
ftantsin the name of all their Towns, excepting thofe oi Rcchel^ Mon-
taubafi, Caftres, and MUhaud, who having been gained by the Duke of
Rokin and Sieur de Souhiz-e ^ and finding that their Leaders had- obtain-
ed only a fingle Pardon, without any other advantage, and without be-
ing employ'd in Italy^ according as they defired, they entreated his
Majefty upon other pretences, that he would be pleafed to grant fome
time, till their two chief Office:^, and thofe four Cities, werejoyned
with them. The King grantedVo them thatdelay, upon condition it
were not over long, whoprefently fenc away the heads of thofe refolu-
tions which had been taken.
But the Duke oi Rohan excufeth himfelf from accepting thofe Arth-
cles which were granted to thofe of his Party. He did his utmoft to
furprize fome places in Langnedoc, He made an attempt upon Tillet'va.
Albfgeois. He had fome time before caufed the Towns of AinfdazjiL,
Famiers, and feveral other oi Foixj to revolt, -from which places be
fent out his Scouts, who committed great "havocks in the plain Coun-
trey. Bat thtMsr{hs,\ deThemines, zndihe Count deC/tr main kU up-
on the Hugomts-, charged and killed many of them, and took divers
plices from rhem, fome by ftorm, fome by compofition. Hereupon
the Dukeof ^o^/«» wcntto the AfTcmbly at Milhand, where he made
thofe of his Party fend a Currier to the King, to accept of the Articles
of Peace which his Majefty had granted to them. His Majefty confirm-
ed them, though they had rendered themfelves unworthy by their new
. Afts of Rebellion. But it was neceflary fo to be , for the betteroppo-
fing of t-he entcrprizes of Spain^ though Rochel Was ftill excepted, by
reafon of the little inclination they had teftified of keeping themfelves
within their duty. • .
Then the Biiliops and Clergy of France alTembled at P/«w. The
chief intent of their meeting was for the renewing of that Contrad which
thty made every tenth year with the King, for the payment of thefe
Rents which are impofed on them. They alfo condemned certain Li-
bels fent abroad by the Spanifli ambition , which bad been fent into
France. They condemned the Authoursof them asenemies to the pub-
lick quiet, and feducers of the people to Sedition. And they granted
to the King Six hundred thoufand crowns upon the Churches oiFrance^
as » Contribution toward the Wars in which the Stact was engaged, .
■ •' " - 4 ■ - j5
Cent. 17. oFTrANCE Tip"
as alfo to preferve the Catholick Religion in its fplendour, and to main-
tain the glory of the Grown,
But many fordid fpirits grudged at it, who confidering but one of
thofe ends for which Lands were given to Churches, began to oppofe it;
as if the Church f which is part of the State j were not bound to con-
riribute to the good ofthofc Corporations of which they were members}
and as if the publick neceffities were not more confiderable than the pri-
vate profits of fomc particular people, who often employ their Revc£
nues to bad ufes.
The Cardinal now cndeavoureth the procuring of Peace for thofe of
Eochel. And the fame reafons which endined his Majefty to fhewhis
Clemenc;.' to the reft of that party, did alfo perfwade him to do the like
tot^ekolFochel. The King confentcd that the Townfhould be delivered
into the hands of the Corporation, on condition that they kept no Ships
of War : that they obferved thofe Orders for traffique which were
eftablifhed in the reft of the Kingdom. That they fhould reftore to
the c cclefiafticks all the goods which had been taken from them. That
they {hould fufFer the Catholicks to live freely and quietly in the exer-
cife of ihe Roman Catholick Religion, and in the enjoyment of thofe
goods which appertained to them. That his Majefty (bould leave what
Garrifon he thought fit in Fort Lewes, and the Iflands oiRee' and Olle-
ron, only promifing, that he would fettle fuch a courfe in it, as thofe
of Rochel might receive no trouble by it, either in their Commerce, or
in the enjoyment of their goods. Thefe Articles were agreed on about
the beginning o( February, and the next day the General and particular M. 1626,
Deputies ratified and confirmed them.
King Lerves made a fevere Edid againft Duels, and took a folemn
Oath not to (hew any favour to thofe who (hould break it.
About this time there arofe very great Difputes in the Univerfity of
FariSj efpecially between the Doftors of Divinity, about a certain Book
compofcd by SanClarellm a Jefiaite, which treated of the power Popes
had over Kings : which Book had been approved by their chief Prefi-
dent , by the Pope's Vicegerent, and by the Matter of the holy
Palace.
His Doftrine was, That Popes had a power of direSion, or rather
correction over Princes, that they might not only Excommunicatje
them, but deprive them of their Kingdoms too, and abfolve their Sub-
jefts from their Oaths of Allegiance, whether it were for Herefie, Apo-
fta(ie, or any other great publick crime ; whether it were for the in-
fufficiency of their perfons, or for their not defending the Church, and
that the Pope might at laft give their States to fuch as he (hould
think fit.
•For the prefent it made a great noife among the Doftors, and was
oppofed by fcveral Books which then were publilhed. The whole
Rrr .Body
Body of Divines did condemn it : feme indeed of the old League Teemed :
to favour it. But the Parliament calledthe chief of the Jefuites before
them, and obliged them to fign a Declaration^ by whieh.they (hould s
condemn the faid Book •, and tocaufe another.ofthelike to bcfubfcrL--
bed by all the Provincials and Refers, and by Six of the xnoft ancient
of every one of their Colledges xnFnttici ; andfo ordered the Book to
be burnt by the common Hangman^ with prohibition lo the Stationers ,
to fell any of them. _ ■ '
At this time there were Combinations of divers Grandees of the
Court againft the King and State. . ij^fadam de Chevurufe hdngdi[.
contented that iher private intelligences with'£he£«^/i!/Jj AmbaiTadoijr .
were fo pubiickly taken notice of, did not a littlepromotethe under- -
takingb, by hsr animating of iJ/iw/7iE«r. the Grand Prior, zn^QoakiSi.
to execute it, both which were engaged by love to her ^ as alfo that
the Colonel ^'Ow^w abufing MonfeHr^gooAnzhy and the credit
which his place gave him, did abfolutely divert him from the Mar-
riage which his Majefty had fo earneftly defited ^ould be cele--
brated.
The Cardinal difcovered, that Chalaiswis on$;of cliief Inftruments
of the Enterprise, and that Colonel Orfranowis the Ring-leader of r
-the Plot. That their chief end was to unite all the Provinces fo dofe
together, that they might enforce his Majeflynot to remove any thing
from the
negotiated m England asjuftand neceffary -, and they affured him not,
to enter into any Treaty of Peace with his Majefty, without the Con-
fent of xhe Ej?glipj, and his own in particular. Wiiereupon they de- -
puted fome of the chief of their Party to go to the Towns oi Languedoc .
and Guienne: they alfo wrote to thofe oiDai^plnne and Fiva-rcz., to
encourage them to unite with them for the good of the Caufe. They
drew up the form of an Oath to befworn by the Confuls, the Gover-
nours ofTowns, Lords, and Gentlemen, who would engage with them.
An union very ftrange, which divided Members from theHead,,and fo
feparated Sub>efl:s from their Prince^ ..
After the Duke of jKtf^<«« had ufed all his devices, andfeenthe £«- .
glifl} Lsini at Ree\ he took up Arms and appeared in the Field. He<
fummoned -the Duke oi Savoy to iend thofe Forces which he hadpro-
mifed : but he could not obtain them. All that he could draw from
him was a promife of fifty thoufand crowns. Thofe Towns which were
delivered up to him,, were Nifmes,Vfes-, St.Afihrofe, AUts^ A^idufe, ,
le.Fignan, St.Htppolite, St. 'Jean de Grandame>ique^Sa»)cns,laSnl!e-i
and other fmaller places : and with thofe Forces drawn together he
took during this year Realmont^Renel^Nifvcs ,Maz.M-es ,P.imitrs ,Cafli es ,
Soyon, and other Towns upon the Rhofcre, and in Fivarcz. ^ and more
heJhad done if the Cardinal under the King's Authority had not pre-
vented him. It cannot be imagined with how much care and trouble
he kept thofe together who were engaged in his Party ; how low he
waS; fain to ftoop to work upon the meaner fort of people .^ how many
impertinencies he wasforced lobear, how many inconfiderate difcour-
fes he was necefiitated to hear, and to how much conftiaint he was com-
pelled to fubjed: himfelf. . He hath fince protcfted to divers of his
friends, that there ,is no care like tlm of retaining a mutinous people
in i
\]s-
7^6 XBe ccclefiaiiiicai ^iUot^ cem. l^
in that order, which is neceffary for him to make them follow, -who
would raife any advantage to himfeli by their revolt.
Then the King by the advice of Cardinal -K/rii/«V«, fent ibe Sieur Gal-
Jafid, Privy Counfellour tohisMajefty, toward thofe BugoKot Towns
■ which the Duke of Rohan had attempted to revolt, that he migLt confirm
■ them in their obedience. This man was one of their own Religion,
which gave the King reafon to hope they would be direded by him.
•Having received his Commiffion, he went dircdly to Montaubanyths.
chief Town of their Party next unto Rachel^ and by which raoftof the
other Towns would be guided. Upon his firft arrival he called the
Inhabitants together, he gave them his Letter of Credence writ by his
Majefty to them, and began to confirm them in their obedience. He
laid before them the duty of Subjeds toward their Prince- the mife-
ries and calamities which they had fufFered whilft they feU off from
their obedience : he reprefented to them the difafters which would in-
evitably fall upon them if they (houldrevoh : he informed them of the
fmall reafon they had to believe the Duke oi Rohan's promifes, or the
aid ohhe Englfjh Fleet, whicTi ( he faid) could not hinder the relieving
of the Jjle oiRee. His words fo wrought on them, that they fubfcri-
bed a Declaration which they delivered to him, in which they profefled
to live and die in that Loyalty which they owed unto his Majefty.
And all the other Towns unengaged in the revolt did the like. And
his Prudence was fo fuccefsful, that the Towns o^Briatefiey Cafires,
Famiers, Fnylaurens, Maz.areSy St. Amand, Caharede^ i^aZiareSf
MufdazSl^ ^rlat, and many others, made the like declarations under
their hands and Seals. But the misfortune was, that having left divers
Fadious Spirits of ^tonfieur de Rohan's Party in ^aftres, Tamiers^
andfome other ofthofe Towns before named, they remained not firm to
thofe refolutions he hadinfinuated to them, by which means theDukc
•of Rohan foon after became Mafter of them,
^ The King unable to ftop the D. o^ Rohan's proceedings by fair means,
•makes ufe of force, Hecommanded an Army to be raifed, and commit-
ted the Condud of it to the Prince oiConde, fending hima Commiffion
of Lieutenant General of his Forces in Languedoc, DaHphine\Gf(ie»ne,
and Lyonnois. He divided the Army into two parts, the Prince of
Conde had the better half, the other being committed to the Duke of
MomtKorencies care, then Governour oiLangmdoc. Soyon, aftrong
place upon the Rhone^ was affauked , and in two dales forced to fur-
render. The Prince alfo ftormed another little Town near to Saint
jinhin^ and put all the Souldiers in it to the fword. Then they marched
againft certain places which the Duke oi Rohan had refolved to defend ,
but the fear which the Inhabitants and Souldiers apprehended on fight
of the Army, made them open their Gates, fo they entrcd without re-
■iiftance.
Then
Ce'tiMy. "~ ' OT FRANCE'. "~ ' 137
Then they became Matters oiCorconne and ^itbeHm. Montoreret^
ty purfucd chc puke of Rohan, and conftrained him to flight x he
maintained the' fight about two hours, and faw about an hundred of his
Soj^dtersicftTed, fifteen of his Guard, feven or eight Captains flain, and
divers others wounded. In fine he faw at the years end, that he had ve-
ry Iktie advanced his defign.
The RochelUrs now fend t^ the King of £«f/^^ to demand fucfour. i6;s.
Order was given for the Rigging out a Fleet in behalf of the ^oc/?e//frJ,
and the Command to be given to the Earl of Denbigh.
The King goes from Rochel to Parisj to diffipate thofe Fadions,
which began to rife thereabouts, by the Hugomts in Picardy, Cham-
fagnie, and Brie, Richlieu Commandeth the Army in his Ma jeftie's ab-
fence. The Englijh Fleet being now ready to hoife fail iot Rochel, the
King refolveth to return thither. The RochelUrs are fummoned by an
Herauld to furrendec to the King : but their minds andanfwers were
fuKof infolency, fo that the King bent all his thoughts to prepare for
the hgh ting with the £«_g^/?/?J Fleet at their firft coming. About the
eleven«i^of May they were dcfcricd two Leagues off the point of Cv-
reille. An order was refolved on by the King, affifted with his Gene-
cals and Sea Captains, and fo delivered to the Commander of Vdencay^
who diftribbted it among the Officers.
The Englijh attempt to relieve Rochel, but in vain ; and when the Ra-
chellers vkte embarqued, after the exhortations of their Minifters,
and thei^ Captains had folemnly fworn topafscheBank in fpiteofall
oppofition, or die in the attempt, they were ftruck with fuch faint-heart-]
ednef^, that not a man durft ftir his hand : and Vincent their Mini-
fter could no longer fpeak unto them, as hirafelfconfelTed in a Letter to
a friend of His.
The £w^/j/?j Fleet now departeth, whereupM great diffentionsarife
among the ^scWfn. Then the King fent another fummons to them
to yield. Breton, Herauld at Arms, was commanded to do it in form, ,,.'
with his Coat of Arms, who went into the City, required them to lay - — "
down tlieir Arras, aflbred them of Pardon for their paft Crime, ?and
threatning them with the contrary in cafe they (hould now relufe it.
But they being animated by their Preachers, the Town continued obfti-
nate in their inlolencies.
After a feigned Treaty between the King and the Rochcllers, the
Town was reduced by Famine to extream miferies.
The Cardinal perfwaded his Majefty to fettle divers Catholick Prea-
chers in the //«^o«o( Provinces, and wrought upon the Duke oiTremo'
vUle to forfake the Protcftant Religion,
The RocJiellcrs when they faw there was no hopes of fuccour from tie
iB^iglfJIj^mi thatthey died by thoufandsof the Famine, rrade divers pro-
S f f . pofals
1^8 XHe ecciefiafttcal t ifto^y cent. 17.
~~"pof In
ftprt time the King makes himfelf Matter cvf all Savoy.
The Cardinal offered all forts of fubmillion ta the Queen-Mother ro -
reconcile himfelf to her favour,but all in vain,(hewas ftill fo implacably
bent againft him, that the Peace oiJtaly being now concludedy and th«
lime come wherein the King had promifed her to remove the Cardinal, .
fhe was importunately inftant with the King for the accomplifhment
of his Royal word. At laft the ordc^, was figned for the Cardinal's ■
removal.
The Cardinal withdrawes himfelfa little time from the Coiirt,bHt'by
ih.e advk? of the Cardinal <^f /•* r*« created Duke and Peer off r<2««.
The French Proteftants had obtained permiffion by the King's Bre-
viate about the beginning oi this year to make a National Aflembly
of their Minifters of f ranee for the maintaining of their Order and
worfhip. The Cardinal was of opinion that his Majefty fhould require
them to meet at Charenton, becaufe being within his view, they would
have the lefs freedom to renew fuch Cabals as ttiey had formerly made
in their Aflemblies of C^ifKwe and Laugnedoc, This Order was fol-
lowed, and the Sieur de GalUnd, Counfellour to his Majefty, was fent
to be Prefident in the King's behalf ; his Loyalty was not to be fufpe-
fted •, and they were obliged to accept of him in regard of divers au-
thentique teftimonies which made appear, that this Order was confor-
mable to that of Councils affembled in the Primitive times, which they
profeffed to honour. The King efpecially commanded him to be care-
ful, that no Propofition were made which did not concern their Faith
or Difcipline ; to filence them in his Majeflie's name, in cafe they
fhould difcourfe of any other affairs, and to eftablifh fuch Rules as
the Cardinal had propofed to keep that Party in fubmiffion. To this
end he ufed his utmofl Prudence and Loyalty, he perfwaded them to
enaft, that there fhould not any more National AfTemblies be made,but in
the prefence of a CommifTary from the King, who might ( by teftifying
their obedience jbe a means of continuing them in quiet. Befides, he indu-
ced them to refolve upon the abfolute excluding of all Stranger Minifters,
this being intended ofall that were not naturalfrfw/;',3nd to inhibite their
Minifters from leaving the Kingdom without his Majeftie's Licence, by
this means to prevent all intelligences, aflbciations, and correfponden-
eies with the enemies of the State, according to the Laws of the King-
dom, and his Majeftie's particular prohibitions. In fine he ufed fo
much prudence, that they required their Minifters not to intermeddle
inatiy affairs Politick or Military, and condemned a Book o(£errant
Minifter of t^ontAuban as erroneous, becaufe he maintained that Mi-
nifters
Cent. 17. Of FRANCE. i^j
nifteis had a particular call from God to bear Arms. Divers Ori^^ ~'"
dinances were made there for the fubfiilence of their Party.
The Ernperour of Germany fendech Cardinal Fafman to Rome, to 1632.
endeavour to break the French King's Alliance with the King of
Sweden.
The French King having lately been in Lorrain, after his return the TteAdminin:.
Cardinal undertook to conapofe a difference between the Bifhops g^d"'^'^"'^"^""""'*
Friers, which had naade a great noife for fundry ages together. The
Friers relying upon their priviledges obtained from Rome, pretended
to have power both to Preach and confefs , without permillion from
the Bifhops. And the Bifhops unto whom all people wiihin their
Diocefs are fubjed by common rights did perpetually thwart that pre-
tcnfion. They could not down with the Friers Priviledges , allcdging
they ought to be declared void, as being repugnant to the Primitive
Conftitutions of the Church. This quarrel had been efpeciaily fomen-
ted during the laft year, by reafon fome Books had been publifhed in
the name of the Engltjlt Catholicks, which preferred the Monaflical
life before that of the Prelates, andfeemedto imply that Friers were
more neceffary, at leaft more ufeful, to the Church than the ordinary
Paftors. Was it probable that the whole Society of Friers would re-
linquifh the Priviledges they had obtained from the See of Rof>/e ? On
the other fide, what reafon was there, that the Prelates fhouldliave fo
little Authority over them in Adminiftration of Sacraments, and the
Word of God ; feeing ofold Friers were only mixed among the Laity,
and addrefled themfelves unto the Bifhops Congregations, to receive
the Sacraments from their hands, or thofe who executed their charge ?
The Cardinal took upon himfelf to end this difference, though he was at
that time cmploy'd in the moftimportant affairs of Chriftendom.
He therefore caufed the Superiours of the Orders to come before him
one by one, well knowing, that to negotiate fuch abufinefsin a publick
AfTembly would be a labour in vain. He was a perfon well verfedin
all Antiquities, and accordingly he reprefented to them, how that in
the firft inftitution of Monks they were Confecrated unto God by the
mediation of Bifhops , who received their Vows, inftruded them, and
direfted their Confciences. He laid before them the Original of the
whole affair, and fhewed them, how that the Son of God had fubjcded
all thofe who fold their goods and followed him, unto the Apofllts,
whofe Succeffours the Bifhops are, whereupon they making a ftrid
profeflion ofleading an Evangelical life, were more particularly obli-
ged to obferve the Order eflablifhed in and by the Gofpel : not that
he would queftion the validity of thofe exemptions granted from the
5ee of Rome, unto which he owed much more refped and obedience,
than to debate the Ordinances thereof ; yet that he muft needs inform
ihem, that they could not be difpenfed with from following the Or-
der
144 %l)t€ttU(Miml^if^Ol'^ Cent. if.
der eftablifhed by Jefus Chrift, or his Apoftles, jn Adminiflring the
Sacraments and Word of God. That in fine, therafclves could not de-
ny, but they were obliged to relinquifh fome pare of their pretenfions
for the avoiding of trouble to the Church, which was likely to enfue
upon this account, and whereof the Hngofiots difcourfed with much
freedom. That this peace would be more acceptable to God, than all
the advantages it could otherwife procure unto particular perfons.
That if would tend unto their honours, by teftifying unto the world
the moderation of their minds, and humility of their fpirits, and that
the world would efteem the better of them. That he fhould not wil-
lingly propofe, that the Bifhops fhould have ordinary jurifdidion over
their perfons, or power to vifit their Monafteries -, but that leaving
them foil liberty to execute their Monaftical Fundions, it fcemed fie
unto him, thatihey fhould not refufe to be dependent upon them in
matter of Adminifting the Sacraments, of Tbankfgiving and Pe-
nance f as he called ihem _) of Preaching the Word ^ and to admit them
to have ^jpwer to repeal this Priviledge which was derived from themj
according as the Council of Trent had prefcribed.
Accordingly each one addrefled himfelf toobfervc the Cardinals di-
reftions : and although fome unreafonable perfons began at firft to
create fome difficulties, yet his prudence foon prevailed over them,
inforauch that they could not be thought the fame men, who had fo
lately and fo ftiffly maintained their Independence on their Ordina-
ries. Hecaufed a Declaration to be drawn, wherein they acknowledg-
ed themfelves uncapable to Preach without Examination, Licence, and
approbation from their Bifliops firft had and obtained, and that the
faidBJiVops might at any time revoke the faid Licences : withal, that
they neither could nor ought to hear the Confeffions of Secular men
witlltout approbation • which the faid Bilhops might Hkewife repeal,
in cafe of any incapacity, or publick fcandal. Everyone fubfcribed
thereunto.
The Bifhops difpatched Copies thereof into all parts : and thus
the Cardinal ended a difference which had made fuch a noife fo many
Ages together.
The Duke of Montmorency having raifed fome ftirs, was encoun-
tred by the Jllarepal de Scomberg, defeated and taken Prifoner, The
Parliament oiTboloufe by the King^ appointment having made pro-
cefs againft him with all legal proceeding, condemned him to be be-
headed. The Cardinal de la VaUtte befought the King to allow him
a ConfefTour. And the King gave order to the Marfhal de Brez.e, to
condud Father Jrmnx fupenour of the Jefuites, to allift him. Ha-
ving made his Confeffion, and communicated, he made his will ^ be be-
queathed unto MonftHr the Cardinal one of the rareft Piftures of
fratjci^ reprefencing Saint Sebajiian dying. He was executed in the
.Court
btat. 17- of France: ' "^145
Court of the Town-houfe, where the King commanded it to be per-
formed.
The Duke o( Montmorency had acquired fo great credit in Langue-
doc^ that he not only drew off divers men of quality from his Majeftie's
fervice^ but feveral Bifliops alfo, and perfwaded feven or eight to
fubfcribe unto the Declaration of the States. Some recanted what they
had done • and became conformable to what the King had ordained in
his Declaration J but others ftood out in their Rebellion, among whom
were thofe of Alby and Vf(z.^ who had delivered their Cities into
Monsieur's hands, of NifmeSy who would have done the like, of ^/e/^,
and S.P<)«f,wt 11- wilier s to the Rebellion, either by raifing of Forces, or
Provifions to be fent to places already revolted.
The Archbifhop of Narbon^ Prefident of the States, had not been
defeftiVein endeavouring to divert them from their defigns, reprefen-
ling to them how contrary it was to their Profeffion, which ten-
ded to procure Peace , and to ihew examples of obedience unto
others.
The King finding them who fhould have preferved the people in
obedience both by exhortation and example, to excite them to Rebel-
lion, could not put up fuch diforders, but appointed CoUeftors in their
feveral Bilhopricks to receive their Revenues, and to employ them in
reparation of Religious houfes and Epifcopal Sees : and thinking it
improper to intruft the care of Souls with fuch difloyal perfons, he
procured a Breviatc from the Pope, addrefled to the Archbifhop of
jtirleSf theBiOiopsof St. Flour ^ and St. Malo, to draw up their Pro*
cefs againft them- The Bifhops of Alby and Nifttes were depofcd,
death preventing the Bifhop of 'Ly^i from receiving the iikepunilh-
ment. The reft were reftored to their Bidiopricks, there being not
evidences fufficient to condemn them.
The Duke of Efpemon had been advertifed, that it was principally
the Archbifliop of "Surdemx who had exafpera:ed Cardinal RkhUeu
againft him, and who had rendred his vifit at Bourdeaux ( when he
went to fee him attended by his Guards ) fufpeded t© him. A thing, , .. ■ ,
that had offended him to the lift degree, and he had publickly com- Duk"i'£^*erV
plained of that proceeding ( for his paflions were never concealed ) "'"• L'l'" ^°-
which was alfo reported to the Archbifliop, who was at this time
obliged to come into his Diocefs to make fome refidence there.
He departed therefore from Court , and took the way of Gni'
tnne.
The Archbifliop being on his way toward Burdeaiix, turned a lit^
tie out of the ordinary Road to go into a Territory belonging to his
Biflioprick, called Monravel, where being arrived, he was informed,
that one of the Dukes Guards had been alTifting in the Execution of
fome Aftsof juftice, wherein he was himfelf immediately concern 'd,
Tt t and
146 %!je cccIeClalltcal tiftg^y cent, t;^; ,
and which would ocherwife perhaps have met withJome oppofiHO??, .
He cherefore fent a Gentleman to the Duke, to return his thanks fo? ,
Co opportune a kindnefs. What, ever the d^fign of {his .Complement
might be, it was very.. ill, received. The Duke made anfwer to the
Geritleraan who came from the Archbifhop, that thanks were. neither ne- .
ceffary nor due to a perfon, who had no defign to oblige : That- if- any
thing by his orders had been done to his .Maft.ejr's advantage, it had
been done upon no other account than t.hc meer confidcration of juftice,
without any refpeft to his friendfljip ^ and fo difmilTed him.
The Archbifhop fent. to Court to acquaint the Cardinal what had
pafled between the JDuke and him, and to receive inftruftions from him,
how he was to behave himfelf, if matters, fhoqld grow to a greater
height between them.. To which the Carcynal's anfwer was, that he
aiTured him of a powerful. Protedion : whereupon the Archbifhop enga-
ged in the Affair to fuch an height, as even to be himfelf the Aggref-
for , at the firft dafli giving him ^very . fenfible . and publick-
affronts.
The Duke of Ejperuon Ind in Propriety,. as Lord. of theMannour
of PiiifaHlin, the Royalty of the Clie of Burdeaux ( which is the Fiflv
Market there) fo as that he might lawfully forbid any to enter there-
into whom he had no mind to admit. He therefore commanded the
Archbifliop's Officers one, fifth day to be excluded, that they might-
be conftrained to take their Fifli without the Bar, with the reft of -the-
people; Thefe menrefufed to receive it after that manner, and other-i
wife they could not have it. The Du!>e alfo knowing it would be-
brought in from other places, caufcd his Gyards moreover tow.atchall'
the avenue?, to hinder it, by whom, fome were turned backthat would-*
have done the ^Archbifhop that fervice • and in the.end fome of hisown '■
Doraefticks were very roughly handled.
The Archbifhop by publick declarations complain 'd of the violence
had been ofFered-^tohim by a fortof men purpofely fetontodair, de-
fcribing them by the name of the Rujfet C4*-/i?j was to fpeakfor the reft. , The Bifhop in his Ora- -
lion ufed all the odious terms he could invent, to pofTcfs the King with
the higheft fenfe of the Duke's raifdcmeanour. UpOn which occafion
Cajpian Bifhop of Nantesy one of the moft vercuous Prelates of his ^
time, cried out, That if it werepoffiblefor the Devil to fubmit him- ■
felf to God zyilrhighty, to fuch a degree at the Duke did, he wonld ■
infallibly obtain pardon for all his offences : and thtt notwithftand:ng
the Church deriy'd this pardon to a Chrifiidn^ who had everferved God •'
and his Church. ■
Upon the Complaints of the Clergy prefer 'd to the King by the .
mouth of the Archbifhop of v^r/f J, the Cardinal whowas prelent at the
Council, was of opinion. That upon the Dukes's fingleconfeffion con- -
tained in his anfwer, he ought to be reputed Excommunicate : and as
fo, that the King ought to declare himlapfcd from all his Offices and '
Dignities, till by vertue of his Abfolution he (hould be re-unitcd to the •
Church. .
The Duke now fend; his Secretary from Flaff.ic to Row to pro- •
cure his Abfolution. But fo many rubs from frrfwff were hid in his ■ •
way, that four whole months were laps'd before the Duke could receive .•
his Abfolution.
The Duke's Abfolution being refolvcd on,- and order given to the ■
Archbifliop to give it him, and the day for Abfolution being appoin-
ted ,.. the Duke of E^emou attended, by the Dake ds la Falette,
and J
i^T""""^^S:!)e €tt!e6alticai ^Slo^p c^m. 17.
and ftveral perfons of quality, went to Coutras, whither being come,
the ArchbJfliop who was already there, accotnpanied wich his Ecde-
fiafticks, went firft tothe Church, where theDoke following after, and
prefenting bimfclf before him, kneeled down upon iVelvec Cufliion
laid ready for that purpofe. In tlvis pofture, arid in the prefence of
: fiv* Counfcllours- of the Parliament oiBiirdeauXywho were by theKing's
order to be affifting at this Ceremony, the Archbifliop pronounced his
LAbfolutionjn thefe words.
Et Ego 'Author itate Ecclefa^ & eacmafungor^ abjolvo teavincu-
lo-Excomnmnicationis., quam incHrrifiiy quia immHnhatem Ecclejix
me£ Metroplitant jierjregifti , manum armatam miUtHm, Ht me cht'
rurnqne mcnm invia Jifterent^ mififti rStatione difpojtta Palatmm m-
flmm vallajii', jHrifditHonet>r Ecclefiafiicam violafii^ eamqne tibl ar-
rogafil :-Nos,' CUrumque 7tofiruminfgmbiu,.(^ indignis cotititmeUu
^ff'tcifli : In nomine Patru, (^ FHii, &c.
-Though the Duke was no great Lacinift, he had neverthelcfs fomuch,
as to underftand many words of this Abfolution , by which he ob-
feved they were not according to the ordinary ftile of the Church.
The Duke after his return received by an exprefs Currier from Court,
bis Majefties orders to return into G«/fw»e to his former Government.
And it happened well not to the Duke alone, but as much alfo to the
Province, and to the whole Kingdom, that the Duke was at this time
reftored to his Command.
■_ Soon after a great Sedition was raifed in Biirdeaux by reafoB of
' the Excife upon Viduallers. The Duke oppofeth the Seditious,
forcech divers Barricado's, wherein divers of his men are flain and
wounded, and beacethdown their Barricado's, and rcduceth the Ci-
ty to its obedience to the King. The whole Province of G"«;f» except
iMomaubau, brake out into open Arms, committing every-where all
the barbarous Ads of an inhumane fury. The Duke fends his
orders into all parts of the Province , which a little quiets
them.
The commotions of the City were no fooner appeafed, but that madnefs
difFufed it felf into the Villages of the adjacent Country. The Boors in
great numbers got into the Suburb of Burdsc.ux, called S. 5«r/», to
which place the Duke's houfe was near enough for him to hear their
Clamours, and from his Chamber-window that looked into the fields
to fee the fires they had kindled in feveral houfes, of which thegrea-
.teft part were miferably confumed. The Duke being under great indif-
poficion got .out of his bed , mounted to horfe by night, and witli forty or
fi ty Gentlemen, his Guards, and fome of the Town-Companies, went
out toward thefe Mutineers. They had fortified tliemfelves in feveral
places of the Suburb, bad Barricado'd the Church , and made a (hew
of defending themfelvcs. But at the Duke's arrival they almoft all
disband-
eenc. 17. Of FRANCE.
disbanded aad ran away, none fave thofe in the Church making any
fefiflance , who alfo at the firft Volley difcharged upon them fled
after their fellows ; forty or fifty of them werellain by the Civalry
purfuing them , at whofe death the Duke was greatly afflided. The-
reporc of this. execution difperfing it felf in-a moment throughout the
whole Province, caiHed a calm every- where.
Now the Cardinal de lafQtette, Son to the Duke of EJperf2on,w zs
fenc at the head of a great Army into (jtrmany, the Command where-
of was equally divided between him and Duke Weimar : The Duke
oiEJpernon was diffatisfied that the Cardinal ^? /^ F'<«/f:^^ advanced in-
to iht Church by his Learning, Birth, and Fortune, to fo eminent a
degree of dignity and reputation, that ftiould wholly have applied
himfeifto herfcrvice, that he fhould hazard his life in fo dangerous
a profefsion. He- ever apprehended it would be fatal to him, and ■
therefore had done all he tould to diflwade him from it, employing;^
alfo the endeavours of feveral his moft intimate friends and fervaiits,
but all in vain. Either the humour of the time, the inclination of his
Son, the neceffity of his deftiny, or all together ftilJ prevailing witn "
him above the fears or forefight of fo afFeftionate a Father.
In- the mean time the Duke of Rohan was fain from Lorrain'xnto.
Alfdtia, where he took ^«/eHy
£ calo in terris Jinpenda ratianeJemUfo,
Piaufwy acclamationes, Trophaa
FntHraglori£ argumentay Prxfentis Ufitiamonumfita,
Atto/lit, adjungity erigit,
FrancifcM Hannibal EfirigtUy Sec.
For publick arguments of >oy, Prifoners and GaUey-ilaves were re:
lealed. Two were ennobled in every Generalcy throughout the King-
dom. And four Mafters were created in every Trade throughout •
france , with divers other priviledges afforded, to them of
■ram.
In the year 1640. a great combuftion happened in C^ __ Of FRANCE. 155
Cafttlc It was agreed on, that upon putting therafelves under the
Royal Proteftion of the moft Chriftian King, he (hould furniihthem
with an Array of fix thoufand Foot, and two thoufand Horfe,to be main-
tained by the Catalans. Hereupon three Commiffioners were fenc
to Pariiy one for the Clergy J another for the Nobtluy, and a third for
the Gentry and Commonalty. ... , ,
Thechiefeft Incendiaries were the Preachmg Friers and Monks, who
in lieu of obedience and conformity to Government, and complianca
with the King, having fo many Irons in the fire, did teach, and obtrude
10 the people nothing more than common Priviledge, and refumption ot
Liberty, whereby the affeftion oftheVaffal was withdrawn from his
Prince.
There came a Meffengcr o&Scate to Paris, who brought news of the
Great Turki death in the flower of his youth, though of a robuft
conftitution. He died by excefs of drinking fome forts of Wine,
wherewith he was ufed to be oft diftempered, not withftanding the
ftridLaw oi Mahomet, who ofteniPreached this Doftrine, That there
woiaDcvil in every berry of the Grape ; and therefore abfolutelym-
terdifted theufeofWineinhis>i/cW/i». , . .
Soon after Don John of Braganfa was (upon a general revolt of the
TortHZttefes ) within lefs than a month fully fetled in the Kingdoms of
Tortujral and the Mgarves^ without any oppofition at all. This Re-
volt of Pffrr«M/ was no great news to the frwc/j Cardinal, who had
his fpirits walking there, as well ism Barcelona, and every where
elfe.
The Spanil!} Ambaffadours negotiate at Rome, that the Duke of
Brasranfa be Excommunicated for an Ufurper. If this had taken effeft ,
it had made the King ofFr4«yo«. , , , ^
In the year 1642. MaryiieMedices,Queen'Uother,ind Dowager
of France, expired at Colen. She had been Regent oi France miny
years during which timeftedifcovered great abilities iranfcending her
Sex. ' She was afterwards twice in Arms againft her Son •, and (he
came at length to conceive fuch a Junoman indignation againrt the
Cardinal Richlieu, who had been chief of her Counfel?, and her
Creature afterwards in point of greatnefs ( for (he firft preferred him
to the King) that the breach could never be made up between them.
And (he was ufed to fay, that the worit thing file ever did was the
advancement of Richlieu. In the fenfc of this indignation flie forlook
France and drew a voluntary Exile upon her felf. She firft retired
' ' Uuu z to
', ^ 6 ^^ X!jc ccclefiafricai l&iao^p Cenc 1 7 .
to Flanders •, thence fhe removed to Holland, thence to England-^
and her lad retirement wastoCoif^, where fhe died.
The Cardinal of Richlieu was fick that time that the Queen-Mother,
died iiColen ; yet he forced himfelf to creep to the Altar, and offici-
ated many Church-duties for her foul. Erom that rime he was never
perfectly recovered, and now more like a Skeleton than his Eminence,
being carried upon the ftioulders of men, hath houfes broken down to
make hira room to come in at, fo much F^-ewc^ blood loft at home,,
fo much fhed in the field, difquiets and dejeds his fpirit, pow impr-iCon-
ed in a languifhing body. Cinque- A£irs xht. Grand (^onflable,'3!n^
de Thouhie Mafter of ^f^«£/?j were apprehended at Narbon tht vity
day that the King had but in the morning embraced and kiffedC/»^«e-
Jl^rs, and had talked very courteoufly to de Thou, The fame was done
to de Bovillon, at Cajailles,
The Prifoners are brought lo Lions, where by chofen Judges tb^
are condemned, and upon a Scaffold beheaded. DeBoviHon gdt'Ujff.
withthefurrenderof5f^4«. -^
At length Cardinal Richlieu s fcarcely breathing Corpfe, nothing
beneficed by the Waters of Borbogne^ is btought to P«w, hc'died-ih;
the end of the year 1642.
Richlieu was no great Zealot in his own Religion, but as he made it
fubfervienc to his political ends : nor would he e-.er employ any Je-
iiintr. He had a moderate opinion of the Reformifts, which made bifia
CO be called the Hugonot Cardinal. And he would have often in bts
mouth this faying, Aianeat moralis benevolefitia, inter difcordes fen-
tentia. Yet he wrote a Book againft them, which is extant. He did
them more mifchief by Complementing with them, than by com-
bating.
He was a great cherifher and promoter ofvertuousmen, andwouid
find them out wherefoever they were, infomucb that he gave evei^
year in Penfions little lefs than an hundred -choufand Franks. , Hecre-
d:ed two Academies, one in Faris, call ed I' Jcademie de Beaux EJpritjy
where the Prime Wits of the Kingdom met every Monday ^ and ano-
ther ar Richlieu, where the Mathematiques and other Sciences were
read in the French Language ; the difficulty of the Latine deter-
ring many of them from ftudying other- places.. He did fo
oblige all the Wits of the Kingdom, that they flrove who fhould
magnifie him moft : never were there fuch hyperbolical espreflSons
of any man, and not without fome mixture of profanenefs. Someblaf-
pbemoufly faid. That God u4lmighty might, ^nt the Govern»>erit ef-phe
World into his hand. That France in God, and the Cardinal's hands
vetre TOO ftrong. That, what the foul was to the body, thefAOif'hg'Was
?o France, ' •■-:/.'■•
Cent. 17. .Of FRANCE. 157
, — -, ' ■^•-'--^■■- ■ —
Siforet hicmllftSf Gallia uitllaforet.
iC li-' .: ' '
Some appropriate the redudiondf the Rochellers folely to him.
Therefore to footh him, one French Chronicler impioufly writeth, that
in the taking of that Town, Neither the Kingnor God Almighty him-
felf had any (hare in the Adion, but Cardinal Richlien, Thereupon
Another made this Diftich.
Richelii adventu prta patuere RnpeUaj
Chrifio infernalesut patuere for^s^
The Gates ofKocht\ opemdtoYi^chWtii,
As thofs of Hell to Chrifi afmderflew.
Divers other LatineDiftichs there were of like nature.. And in the
French Language there are abundance of fuch Hyperboles. I will in-
ftance in fome.
EtfimUifaifons des ghirlandes^
C eft pour en couronner unliieuj
Quifouhs le nom de Richlieu
Recoit nos f^cenXf ^mscffrandreu
Anoth?^.;^v>J
Heros a qui la France crige des Aitels,
Que prevoii, & qui fats lehon heurdesmertelsy.:
v.A ;sJ^,»/fw**'.'»»««-^ I' advemr,queksehafeiipaffeer^' "'''''■' ' ""
Peiietre dans mon Ame, Sec.
'Another.
Siquelq' tm dans ces vers parle de Richlieu,
Quifoui I' habit d' un homme ilnous defer ive tin dieu ;
Voui n efies point fuiet al'humaine imptiiffance-i'Scc,
A Royal Chronologcr attributes more to him than ro his Mafter th«-
King himfelf. He calls him the Grand Director ^ and mod puiflant
.GentM of France, theperfedeftof men, who doth penetrate things to
come, and is ignorant of nothing -. great and incomparable Caidinal,the-
moft eminent among mortals -, to whom, the crabbed'ft and moft my-
ftcrious affairs of State are but paftimes : vifibleGod, and tutelar An-
^. gel of the Univerfe • a fpirit that moves the Heavens and and the Stars ^ .^
thcv /'
^iM^jfe i jWw). J ' O've.i.
ITg %\)t eccieCadtmi ^iftmv cent. i>i
the blifs of the world , the Supreaae Intelligence, the Phoenix of
the earth, who never had, noc'cvcr fliall have his parellel.
As there were a number of fuch profane Sycophants arciong the Wits
oiPrmcCy that idolized liini in that, manner, fo there wanted not others
that afperfed him by PafquilsandLibels.
One caUeth the Capuchin, the Cardinal, and the Devil, the three dc;
grees of Comparifon, j ■ )'
., „„ri.oc One hath made this Epiwphicalinvcaive on him
uid^a 'viator^ quo froferoi ?
^uod nufqitam iiidebU, ant audies. heic Ugitur^
nArmandus Johannes de Plejfis Cardinalis de RichlieUf
Clarui VriginCy magnm itJgenio,fortnna emitttmiffimn*f
^uodque mirerty
' Sactrdos in Cafirii^Theologtu in Aula^ Epifcoptu/tfte pUhei
Curdinalit fine tituloj Rex fine nomincy tintu tamen emnia,
Naturam hahuit innumerato,fortHnam inconfilioy
(./£rarium in peculio; fecuritateminbeUoy vicloriamfubfi^nfff
Sociosinpriccinctiiycives in fervitHte^
Amicosin obfequio, inimicos in carcere, -
-Hoc tamen uno mifer, quod omnes miferosfecitl
Tamfeculiftti Termentum, quam ornamentum,
GaUiamfubegitj Italiam terrnity Ctrmaniam quajfavitl
Afflixit Hijpaniamy ceronavit Briganz-am^ cepit LotharingiaWy
Accepit ^ataloniamy fovit Sfteciamytruncavit JFUndriam,
; ; Turbavit Angliam, lufit E»ropam. . -^ ' '^
Toeta purpHratuiy
Cmfcenawimdw, gloria fiiparium, Regia gazjiChoragiumfuitl
Tragicui maxime quamfabulammalefiihit.
Tofi regnum Tefiamento fuis difiribhtumy panpertAtem popttlo im-
peratamy
Dijfipatos PrincipeSy nebilitatemfuppUciis exhaufiamy
ScnatHmauthoritttteJpoUatHm, exteroi Centeybelk & incertdiis vA'
fi:atMy
Pacem terra mariqueprofiigatam,
■ Chmfatifcente corporey animHtn gravioribui confiliis igre vege\
tarety
Et nHlliiU non inter effet ipfum ant vivere aut moriy
jMttque bona fiti parte vfortuus , aliorHjn tantum mone vii
■'. vcrety "~ ■
' -Dtrepentf^iraredefiit^timrh
\ hi-- 2
Cent. 17. Off RANGE.
»59
Ofiuxa mortalitas !
Quamtenue momentum efi inter omnia &. nihil ?
Martai cerpMi rheda extulitj
Secuti equites, .feditcfque magna numera ■
paces pratulerunt Ephebiy crhcemnemo, quia cur r us pHblicamfe-^
rebat.
Denique hunc tumHlnm implet tton totttm,
Quem tota Enropa non implcbat.
Inter Theolagosfittu ingens dijpHtandi argument tmi
^omigravit facr amentum efi.
Hm tC} le^or vtluif heie te metire^
Et abi.
Stay paflenger, where haft'neft thou ? ^
Here iriaift thou read what thou (halt not fee, nor hear any where
dfe.
Armand, John du Plijjls, Cardinal ofRichlieu
Noble by defcent, great in wit, moil eminent in fortune,
And what thou maift admirej ,
A Prieft. in the Field, a Divine at Court,
A Bilhop without.a Cure, a Cardinal without a Title, a King without
name,
Yet one who was all tliefe.'
Hehad nature in all her numbers. Fortune in his Counfels,
The Royal Treafure in pofleffion, f ecurity in War, Viftory under
his Banner,
, He kept his. Confederates in compafs, his-Countrey-men in fcr^ -
vitude.
His friends, at a diftanc«, his enemies in Prifon. .
In this only wretched that he made all men fo.
Being as well the torment, as .the ornament of his time. .
He fubdu'd France, he fcar'd Italy, he (hook the Empire,
He afflifted 5p^««, he Crown'd 5r^^
Dominion. The Low Countries ftuck clofc to them : All £«ropf with
aftonifhmem flood gazing at fuch aftateof thefrew/j affairs: nothing
was then wanting to compleat their bappinefs befides moderation, and
the art of enjoying it.
Paul Gondy df figned Archbifhop of Paris, is confecrated of Co-
rinth ( it is the Rfhop of Rome's praftice, chat (o the whole world
may be thought depending on the Vatican Oracle, to cxercife his au-
thority even upon the diflenting parts.) That day was firft occafion of
muchenfuing mifchief.
Fcrrario Pallavicini, a Canon Regular, a Farmefan, of a N)blc
houfe, fharply inveighing in libellous Pamphlets againft the pradices
of the Roman Court, loft his Head at Avignon in France, and gave ii «
ftancehow unfafe athingitis to touch upon the Roman State in writing,
though never fo truly.
The Divifions of Italy being clofed up, Pope Vrban VIII. died
July 29. 1644. after he had fate twenty one years and fomc
months.
Xxx i Then
i64 ^1)^ CCClefiadtcal l^lftOl^ Cent. 17»
Then GioBattifia PampbiliOj a Noble Roman, was Proclaimed Pope,
after the See had been vacant 45. daies. He alTumed the name of /»»or
cent ihe Tenth.
TheHtft.of This Eleftion was not at all difpleafing to the French, though they
Cardinals vvete Hot 3 little difpkafed.ac Cardinal Antenio, who for his own
^"■••5- ''^' ^" private Intereft had by his reiterated inftances perfwaded that Crown
to the exclufion of Famphilio, and afterwards confented to it contrary
to the King's order, and without expefting the return of the Currier,
which was difpatched to that Court, that they might confult upon the
buFjiefs.. For which the FrenckKing thought fit to degrade Cardinal
Antonio irom the honour he poflefled ofbeingProteftor ofFr^we,
and to take away his Royal favour from TVo^o/?, and the Marquefs of
SanFito his Brother, and torecal his AmbafTadour San Simon into
, France, to render an account of his prep eedings -, yet in the mean time
the moft Chriflian King faii'd notwithall adions of goodnefsandgsi
nerofity to endeavour a correfpondence with the Perfon and Houfe of
the new Pope, giving him to underftand that the chaftifement of the
aforefaid perfons, proceeded from the averfion they had to his Eledi-'
1 on- : or at leaft for that they had perfwaded that. Crown to his excluli-;
on, with arguments much contrary to the truth.
About the end of the year 1646. died Hemy BourboH Prince of Co».
de^ not yet fixtyyears old. Nothing wasinore methodical than the
whole courfe of his life : every adjon^had its proper feafon, and
each year they returned in their due Periods, as by a Kalendar,.
The young King fell dangeroufly fick of the fmall Pox, but he recover
red, and grew up under the inftrudions oi Hardovjn Perejix Abbot of
Beanmont, a man ofapleafant gravity and wifdom, afterwards Archbi-
fhop of Farts, who might have been ftiled the King's Seneca, but that
he hapned upon a Trajan, .
■In the year 1647. Whores and Bawds of all forts were banifhed oui;
otParis • not by an Ad of Parliament, but by anOrderof thePrflvofl
Marefchal.
A Writer of that ftory faiitb. It wa? a fLamefuI thing to ftir thofe'mat;
_ters, which haying been flirred would have ftunk filthily : and to be
fierce againfl poor Whores, when Noble Ladies did proftitute them?
fglves without punifhment.
Now zJ^fazarine furnifheda Library in favour ofthe Studious with
Books to be read over in many ages. One might behold fhelves raifr
ed up to the to^p of the Roof, where through a luxury of literature was
let up a learned Pile, not as Ornaments of a Palace, but as Inftramems
of Wifdom, not ranked for a (hew, but for ufe.
In the year 1648. a Civil War in France wjis unfortunately com?
aasiv;^3 and all France was fet in a combuftion. At the fame tims^
Cent. 17; Of FRANCE. 165
malignant Star did influence many Kingdoms, as England, Naples^
(^atalonia^ TntugaL
Great commotions were in Ear is, Peter Scguier Chancellour of
France^ is difpatched to the Parliament, to carry them the King's Or-
ders,' or in truth, to try what was thfir intention.
He was like to be torn in pieces by the Rabble, But tJPfilleray on
Horfebackwith Dort, breakthrough the Seditious crew, and having
refcued the Chancellour from that imminent danger , convey him back
fafe to the. Queen in a Coach half-torn, the Guard being frighted,
and fome of them flain. The Sedition breaks out farther^ and the mad-
nefs of the people rifeth to higher exafperation.
f . Paul (jondy, defigned Archbifhop of Paris^ ( commonly ftyled
Coadjutor ) in his Pontifical Robes, carrying with him a veneration
as he pafled along the Streets , moderated the people with Language
and gefture. Some there were that taxed Gotidy, as if in his heart he
had been fomewhat favouring alterations. However the matters were
in truth, that was the firft dsiyoi Gondy's withdrawing, and the caule
of all thofcevils, which that Prelate eminent in Mind, Birth, and Me-
rits, fell into afterwards : from this time he (hall be ever after called
the Archbifhop of Corinth.
Maz.arine took care to have the King conveyed to Ruel, two miles
out of XWn, under pretence of taking the Air. The Ring-leaders of
the Sedition fretted, and could not digeft to have the King refcued from
their fury. The firft remarkable Aft of the retirement to Rutl, was the
imprifonment and banifhment oiChavigny.
Here begins a general ftorm to gather over Jlle.r,u
ftepsin as a Mediator between Court and Parliament. Cowifl^c returned
from the Camfaigne.^ elated with his frefh Yiftory, at firft dealt rough-
ly with the Senate, afterwards flattered their Leaders.- pretended at
leaft to Gonftable or Admiral. Longueville inftigated his Brother-in-
Law, boafting that he had obtained Havre de Grace,, the famous
ftrength of Normandy, fo taking occafion to fall from his former Par-
ty. The Archbifhop oiCorinth put Longneville on to fuch courfes, np»
on a vain expeftation, as if he fhould be declared by an Aft of Parlia-
ment Prince of the blood. Anne Bourbon-, the. Wife oi Longncvillcy
was of great moment totheFaftion : fhe carried along with her the
Archbifhop of Corinth, the Duke of Retz,, her Broiher Conti, with
RpchfoHcault, who was then that Ladies Cabinet Counfellour. Thofe
all pretended the publick and private good. . That, their Tyranny muft
be abated with Arms, who had put the King upon cruel Counfels, and
rendred the Princes odious to him, and fufpefted.
The Queen fees her fell ftruck at through the Gdes of- M^izarine.
She compofeth her mind, rccollefting her thoughts ho v to provide
for the future. Maz.art)ie applies his mind,, to an accommodation.
The
\
%66 ' '%l)t €u\tti a^Ut^WftOlf Cent. i7>'
III''---- Ml , . I
The fubftance of the Articles was, That many Taxes were to be abated
in Towns and Countrey : The Provinces were to be eafcd of them by
the Mailers of Requefls : no man might be kept in Prifon above the
fpice of one natural day, withont anfwering to his charge in the
Houfe : which was eagerly difputed and approved even by the Court
Party. C^^w^w^ isj-eleafed, and turns afide toTpwrj-. Thusthe'firft
heat of Paru was alTwaged. About the end of Oiloher the King re-
turns 10 PaHs.
But the Faftion having got ftrength through his Ma jeftie's Clemen-
cy, and the obtaining their Petitions, as being now eftablifhed by
Law, maketh the former con ceflions but a ftep to higher demands.
The Parliament bojled up with new defigns. The ftorm of envy dif-
chargeth it k\iox\itJMaz.arine : it is openly cried out, That the Ave
nutji be latd to the root -^ the Stranger muji be excelled out of the King'
liam. At length the Thunder-clap broke over the head of ^y rifcnt-
mcnt of fo great an ojfence, to the end, that by youri/iterpnfitioni whuh
J doubt not but you will willingly undertake as farasyoitfiall be a'ole ) /
Z ZZ may
kfe
)
may receive a fatisfaEiion Adaqucite to the quality and extravagance of
the ejfront,- But if your Eminences good offices flmidd happen to be in-
effeUiialy theyJJjallnot be imputed ts ms ( after this application ) what-
foever mifchiefs or calamities pall happen , affiiring my felf I Jhall be
excitfahlehotk toGodj c.ndtoman^ whatever the confequetices be. And
thus referring the; refl to vphat Monfignor Burlemont veill preffnt to yoit ■
iy word of mouthy Ibefeech Cod, my good Confn^ to preferve yon »'«>.
-his holy favour.
S^ Germans en ley,
Auguft. 20. 1662=
LEWIS,
De Ljoqiinje.
This Letter was read, and deliberated in the Sacred Colledge, and the:
Cardinals anfwer to the Kings Letter was as followetbj
Moft Chriftian and moft Royal Sir,
IAr/} V(ry fenjible of the tranfcendent favour your Jidajefiy hath
done me , in vouchfafng to impart to me your refentment for the _
unhappy accident between the Corles and certain of the Duke of Cie-
quiV train • bejides the honour you have done me by the benign confix,
dence exprejfed in your Letter, andhy the »3o«f^tf/ Monfignor Burle-
mont, your Jiia'efly alfo hath given, me occafion with all reverence to
reprefent the great difpleafure conceived by our whole Court, but more
efpeciaHy his HoUnefs^ in whofe heart there is already fo great an im-
predion of efleem, and fo tender an affe^ion for your Majefiy, prct- -
diiced and augmented, by fo many glorious attisns, fo tr.any perpetual te-
fiimonies of your valour and piety , iri dernoliJJiing the Garrifons of
- Heretick^, andjlnttting their Churches in places under their Command,
So that his Holinefs could not evidence with more paternal demonfira-
tiony the difguji that aBion hath given yon, which he hath not only de- .
dared publickjy in his Briefs upon that occapon, but in the Confifiory aU
fo, and in his private difcoiirfe, but much more in his aHions, bending
all his thoughts to your Majefiies fatisfaclion, as he hath alrvayes dc'
Jigned. I hope therefore your M'ajefy, with your wonted generojity will
r/efleCi upon, the juji ?notives, and remain fatisfed even for the entire
quiet- and confolation of your fervants, among wh'ich I being not infer i- .
our to any in point of obfervance, neither have failed, nor will fail in
my obedience to your Majefly, nor in employing my fclf te the utmojief
my abilities in your Ma'^e flies fervice^ On the other fide Uktwife. /•■
fiaU rejoyce , {f in your Maje flies Refolutions, your Majeflies Royal
Bounty and Prudence doth more and more appear : So that to make me
ferfeaiy-.
Cent. 17, Of FRANCE. 179
ferfeCily happy, there remain} nothing but your Mi^jeftiesfre^ commands^
which I mo fi ebfeqmoujly do beg of your Majefiy^ and mak$ my moji
hnmble obeifance,
Rome, 24.. Septembo
1662.
The Count de Brienne was fent by the King o^ France to the Popes
Nuntio at the French Court, to Command him to leave Varis, and to
retire to MeauXf and not to ftir from thence till further Order from
his Majefiy., pretending it as an expedient to fccure his perfon againft
fome fuch tumult as hapned in Rome.
Piccolomini teplkd with all poffiblerefpeft, that he would obey his
Majefties Order, but he defired firft to be heard, and went therefore
that very night to Court. But being heard by no body but Monjieur
Lyon, he declared the fentiments of the Pope, the order he had ta-
ken for the punifhment of the ofFendours, the deraonftrations of kind-
nefs the Pope had made to the Ambafladour, endeavouring with all the
Art of Rhetorick to clear the bufinefs, and by contrary Relations to
what came before, to let him underftand he could not receive a relega-
tion. The nest morning the Nuntio retired to St. Germans, and Airred
not out of the Caftle, that he might not fcemto difobey the Orders
of the King. Monjieur Tdlier came to fpeak with him by his Maje-
fties permiflioiu But being ftifF and inflexible to the requefts of the
Nuntio, who by all his fubraiffions, by laying before him the reflcftion
the ill ufageof his perfon would have upon the Church, not being able
to prevail for the protradiion of his departure, as foon ashewas return-
ed to hishoufe, he wrote this Letter to him.
Moft excellent Sir,
ICan by no means admit that the Kings relegation of me is afavo'tr.
Ifitbefaid, that 'tis in order to my fecurity, how great a reflection
will it have Hpon the Grandeur of his Majefly, when it is reported that
an innocent perfon, and his Holinef Nuntio could not be fafe in Pa-
ris f" Let it be Lawful therefore for me with all due revererce and
fubmifflon to Jay, that indeed it is at the Kings plea fare to retain or
command me whither he pleafeth. But it -is not in my power toconfctie
without particular (/)mmijJlon from his Holinef, or at Icafl an apparent
nece[fity for me to do it. His Majefly cannot afcribe it to any want of
profound obedience in me, which for my part Iji/all alwaies fluw with
the greatefi demonftration of humility and fervice I am able ,• and
Zz.!L2 there-
,8o ^fte €cclefiamcan^tfto?p cent. 17-
therefore I conceive he cannot in jujlice imfofe any penalty upon a
Nfintio,for fo contingent an accident-, ejpecially his Holme f having Al-
ready declared his refolution to chafiife the o^endoiers, and begun to
execute that refolution, I hope your excellence rvitl have fe much
compujfion , as in thii cafe to endeavour the prote^sn of.,
Yours, e^c.
The Nuntio par fifted , that there ought to be an apparent and pre*
cife necefficy for his departure, and accordingly he received letters
icovCLAdiyaJienr de Lion wlih reiterated orders from his Majefty, for bis
removal to Meaiix : fo that all the Interceffion of foreign Minifters,
who.endeavoured to mitigate the bufinefs, being in vain, by their ad-
vice he went out of Tar is, but went f infbead of y^ff^«Ar ) to Saint
Denttii, that he_ might not feem to confenttohis difmiffion : and by
the mediation, of the Minifters about the King, and the interpofiti-
on of foreign reprefentatives. he abtain'd, that his refolution was
allowed at Court without further irritation to his Majefty.
On. September 7. the Nuntio found himfelf befet by a party of
forty Souldiers on horfe-back, drawn by ord^r our of hk Majeflie's
Mufquetoons, who guarded ail the paflages into the Covent of the
Dominicans., where he Lodged, and accompanied the Nuntio and aU his
fervants whenever they went forth. H€ complained to the. Court of
this Aftion •, but he was anfweredj that they knew nothing of it.. The
Nuntio difTembling the bufinefs, pretended to take no notice of it, but
gave Order, that the Souldiers as ftrangers (hould be invited to dinner,
and to what civilities the Houfe could afford. But they refbfed the in-
vitation with reciprocal civility..
The' fame night there arrived a Courrier to the Nuntio from^we
with the Popeo firft Breve written to the King, with more diftinft in,,
formation of what waspaftagainft the Delinquents thereby the Popes
Orders, as the price that was fet upon their Heads, the deputation of
two Congregations, the vific Cardinal Chigi made to the Duke oiCre-
qui., and a long Letter of narration to Monfiear de Lion.
The next morning the Nuntio difpatchedit to Monfienr Lion.,W\ih^z
Billet of his own, defiring him to prefent this Breve to his Majefty,
. to give him an account of the reft, and co prevail that the Nuntio might
be admitted to fpeak with him himfelf, Aionfieur de Lion re-
ceiving the Billet, carried both the one and the other to his Majefty,
espefting- what he would command. After he had read the Breve to
his Majefty, he return'd him this anfwer, That he fhould read, the
leftofthe difpatch.tha.t day to the King. And accordingly heappoiat-
ed
Cent. 17. Of FRANCE. i8i
ed a Conference with the Nuntio at Turenhe, whither the Nuncio pai-
fed the fame night attended with forty Mufquetiers.
The Conference was long, the Nuntio laying before him, what
■ upon the foundation of truth,reafonand the paternal inclination of hisHo-
linefSjWas liketo appeafehisMajefly.TheSieuryf Lion allured the Nun-
tio, that the King at the reading of the Breve, expreffed much fatisfa-
diion, to fee his Holinefs fo well difpofed to an Accommodation ^
and, at laft it was concluded, that on Sunday i o. of 'December, he fhould
have an anfwer. The Nuntio had intelligence that the Breve being
read in Council they began to beappeafed.
But at the fame time a Gentleman arriving from the Duke o'lCrcqui,
with advice that he was Commanded out of the Popes Territories,
incenfedhis Majefty fomuch. That as foonas he was gone out of the
Council, Orders wer^ difpacched immediately to the Nuncio to depart
that Kingdom the next day. And albeit he fent another Breve from
the Pope, and an anfwer to i^e ZJMarcillac.
Puigni. Pefelechiit. Parthenuy. Lc Vigean.
St, Benoir. Tuybeliart. Lucon. LaChaune.
'Belleville, Poire. St.Hermine, Le Bonfire.
Chantaunay. St. Giles Snrvye,
Talmont. Mareville. LajAndoviniere,
Jl£willeron. St. Fulgent. St. Jovin de Milli,
■ Benet. La Br affair diere. Lachataigneray,-
Fanjfay. LaBaardiere. Cenay. Anbanie.
Citire. LaBouchctiere. Lande Blanche.
La Milliere. Boifragan. Ln Ch^felleTemet. La MorinierCo
Many Churches have been deftr eyed fince t666. yet few of their names-
are come to our hands, uiilefs
In 1672.
St. Aridreoi Beaujfe^'Dtcemh.ZQ.
In 1673..
By aDe.cree,J'i;i';3;.
Vhet, Cal.ifian.PavillH.- Aimmu.
Ligneux.. S. "Barthelmy de Li Pcrchc.
A'Biitfi'
192 Xfte ccclefiaiiical f^xUoiv Cent. 17.
■■OJcfrun.Concil,
J ^rief account of the later Quncils 0/ France, cek^
bratedfrom the time of the Coimcilof Trent.
THe Heads of die Stattites of the Provmcial Council of Rhemes,
Charles Archbifhop of Rhemes, Cardinal of Larrain being
Prefident.
Statute 1. Of the Refidence of Curates.
2. Of the Office of a Curate in choofing and preaching found Do-
ftrine.
3 . Of the Office of Curates in the Adoainiftration of the Sacra-
ments.
4. For what ends fpiritual alliance fliallbe thenceforth contraftedby
Baptifm.
5. Of the law&l times of Marriage.
6. Of the life and honefty of the Curates,
7. Of providing fit Clerks for the fupply of Vacant Churches, who
are to be examined by fix Dodors, or Licentiates in Divinity, or in
the Canon-law ; or other Clerks, cither Secular or Regular.
8. Of promotion to holy Orders.
9. Of the firftTonfure. No youths are to be admitted to the firft
Tonfure, unlefs they have received the Sacrament of Confirmation, and
the rudiments of faith, and fhall learn to read and write.
i<3. Of reftoring the offices of Minor orders by the Churches, from
a Deacon to a door-keeper.
11. Of the diftinft coUation of the things of the Orders, and the
■qualities of thofe that are to be ordained.
12. That all Clerks be appointed to fome certain Church.
1 3 . Of the Age and quality of thofe that are to be promoted to the
greater orders. None to be admitted to the Order of a Sub-deacon,
-till he be two and twenty years ol" age : none to the Order of a Deacon,
till three and twenty years of age : nor of a Prieft tiU five and twenty
years of age.
14. Of the Examination of thofe to be promoted to the greater Or-
ders : concerning their perfons, age, education, manners, faith and
-doftrine.
15. Of the Office of a Sub-deacon, and Deacon, and Prieft about the
Church to which they are admitted.
16. All Orders arc to be conferred Gratis,
I'j. Of the Vifitation of Arch-deacons, and the office of Rural
Deans.
iS. Of the reparation of Chur.ches,andtheufeof Ixnages.
Thefc
Cent. 17- of FRANCE.
Tfeefe Ads of the Council were perfeAed after nineteen federal
Congregations.
I flhall omit the names of thofe who were either pr'efent in Chis Pro-
vincial Council of Rhemes, orfent their Procuratours,
Some Decrees of the Synod concerning Marriages, and Ravifhers of
Women, were approved, but not publiflied.
I (hall alfo pafs over the procurations of the Archbifliop of Rhe»/es„
through ths Cities, Diocefs, and Province of Rhemes-.
The Conjlitutions of the SynodofMdum^ Anno 1 579 .
I. /concerning the profeffion of the Catholick faith.
V-/ 2. Of the diligence to be ufed by Paftors agairift Hereticks.
3. Of the punifhing of rafh fwearers.
4. Of Magical Arts in general, and of divinations prohibited by Law.
5. Of the Vifitationof Churches,
6. Of the Celebration of Feftivals.
7. Of the Sacraments in general.
8. Of the Sacraments in fpecial.
9. Of Confirmation.
10. Of the holy Sacrament of theEucharift,
1 1^ Of the things pertaining to the Celebration of the Mafs.
12. Of Penance.
13. Of fafting.
14. Of Extream Undion. '
15. Of Matrimony,
16. Of the Sacrament of Order. And firfl:,of the life and honefty
of the Clergy in general. Of the caufes of the reproaches cafl: upoiv
the Clergy.
17. Of promotion to Holy Orders.
18. Rules given to Bifhops to walk bky.
19. Of Canonifts.
20. Of parifh-priefts.
21. Of Refidency.
22. Of the reformation of Regulars.
'9?
Bbbb ^^'
i5>4 %t^t ecciefiafticai !&tllo;t^ cent. 17.
The Laws of a Seminary QolUdge', which is to be injlituted
in every Viocefs^ according to the Decree of the CohjicH of
Trent, Seff. 23. c. 23.
chap. I . /^F thofe that are to be admitted, and thofe that are to be
V^ difcharged.
2. Of thole things which refpeft piety.
3. Of the things which pertain to obedience, .
4. Of the things which pertain to modefty.
5 . Of the things which refpeft fludies.
6. Of thofe who fhaU have the charge of the fpiritual affairs of a
Seminary, and things pertaining to learning, as alfo of temporal
things.
7. Of Hofpitals for fick folks. Of a Procurator appointed for pi-
ous caufes, whom foffie call a Procurator of Souls.
8. Of the trimming and adorning of Churches.
9: Of the funerals and burials of Catholicks.
10. Of the prefervation of Church-goods.
11. Of the things that pertain, to outward jurifdidion.
]>{om concerning the CorreFtion of pnhlick Crirms.
h. Of Whores, Bawds, and Panders. .
^:^2.:Of Concubinaries. ''''f;'^^
'' 'j.'Of irfuries.
Here they pay and befeech all Trinces and Afa^ijfrates^ ihjt they
would ufe their utmofi fydeavoUrs to remedy thefeevth', -
12. Of the office of foraneous Vicars, and Arch-prtsbyterSa. •
1 3 . Of a Diocefan Synod, andof Synodal witneffes..
14. Of School-mafters. '''■ • "' '■''
15. Of thereftrainingof immoderate charges..
i6. Of the Sealings of Notaries^
Thr
Cent. 17. Of FRANCE.
»95
The Canons and Decrees of the Troyincial QouncH of Cam-
bray, Anno 1565.
Chaf. I. /^F the fufpeded and prohibited books of Hereticks.
V-/ 2. Of Divinity-leftures in Chapters, and Monafteries.
3. Of Schools, and of the books to be taught in them, and the man-
ner of teaching youths.
4. Of a Seminary : and of the age of youths to be admitted into a
Seminary.
5. Of Doftrine, and preaching the Word of God.
6. Of Worfhip, Ceremonies,and Divine Service.
7. Of Ecclcfiaftical Minifterics.
8.. Of the life and honefty of the Clergy.
9. Of the Examination of Bifhops, and of the Examination of Pa-
ftours.
10. Of the Refidency of Bifhops and Curates.
11. Of the refidency of Paftors and their Office.
J 2. Of a Vifitation.
13. Of Ecclefiaftical power and jurifdiftion.
14. Of Matrimony.
15. Of Purgatory, and fufFrages for the dead.
x6. Of the Monafteries of Men and Women.
17. Of the Saints, of their Veneration, Worfliip, and Invocation.
18. Of Images : of the Images of Chriftand the Saints to be ufed
in Temples : none of which are to be admitted without the confent and
judgement of the Bifliop.
19. Of Indulgences : none are to be offered that are new and un-
known, and fuch only as arc approved by the Ordinary.
The* Decrees of the TroVnicial Synod of Roven, An«
no 1581.
I. -TpHat profeffion might be made of the faith of the one, holy, Ca-
_l- tholick and Ap6ftolick Church, we excommunicate, and anathe-
matize, according to the Lateran Council ' faid they ) all hcrefie exalt-
ing it fclfagainfl: the Orthodox and Catholick Church : and all who do
aliert, and believe otherwife than the Catholick, Apoftolick, and Ro-
man Church doth believe and teach.
2. They fet down a form of Profeffion of faith. IN. do with firm
faith believe and profefs all and every thing which is contained in the
fymbolof faith, which the holy Roman Church ufeth, ^"f. Concluding
Bbbb 2 • thus;
tBus : And I moft firmly believe and embrace the Apoftoiick and
Ecdefiaftical Tradicions, and the reft of the obfervations and confti-
tutions of the fame Church. Item, I admit the holy Scripture, ac-
cording to that fence which our holy Mother the Church hath held
andholdeth, whofe right it is to judge of the true fence and interpre-
tation of the holy Scriptures : neither will I ever receive and inter-
pret it but according to the unanimous confent or the Fathers. I
alfo profefs, that there are feven ficraments of the new Law,
■ inftituced by Jefus Chriftour Lord, viz.- Baptifm, Confirmation, the
Eucharift, Penance, Extream Unftion, Order, and Matrimony, and. that
they do confer grace : and of thefe, that Baptifm, Confirmation, and
Order, cannot be reiterated without facriledge. And I receive and ad-
mit the received and approved rires of the Catholick Church in the fo-
lemn adminiftration of all the fore faid Sacraments. I embrace and re-
ceive all and every thing which have been defined and declared in the
holy Council of Trent concerning Original fin and Juftification. Like-
wife I profefs, that there is offered up unto God in the Mafs, a true,
proper, and propitiatory Sacrifice for quick and dead, and that irv the
moftholy Sacrament of the Eucharift, there is truly, really, and fub-
ftantially, the body and blood, together with the Soul and Divinity of
our Lord Jefus Chrift, and that there is made a converfion of the whole
fubftanceof the Bread into the Body, and of the whole fubftance of the
Wine into the Blood. Which converfion the Catholick Church calleth
Tranfiihftantiation. I confefs alfo that under one kind only whole
Chrift, and the true Sacrament is received. I conftantly hold, that there
is a Purgatory, and that the fouls detained there are helped by the fuf-
fragesof the faithful. Likewife, that the Saints reigning together with
Chrift, are to be Worfhipped and called upon, and that they do offer
up.prayers to God for us. And I aflert, chat their Relicks are to be
Worfhipped. That the Images of Chrift, and the Mother of God al-
wayes a Virgin, and alfo of other Saints, are to be had and retained,
and chat due honour, and veneration is to be given to them. And*I af-
- firm that the power of Indulgences was left by Chrift in the Church,
and that the ufe of them is very comfortable to Chriflian_people. L ac-
knowledge, that the holy Catholick, and Apoftoiick Roman Church,
is the Mother and Miftrefs of all Churches. And I freely promifc
and fwear true obedience to 'he Roman Bifhop, the Succeflbur of the
blefftd Teter, the Prince of the Apoftles, the Succeflbur of Jefus
— Chrift. And I undoubtedly receive and profefs aU other things deli-
vered by the Sacred, Canonical, and Oecumenical Councils, and efpeci-
ally the holy Council of Tre?Jt. Moreover I condemn, rejeft, and
anathematize all contrary things, and herefies whatfoever condemned,
rejeded, and anathematized by the Church. And this Catholick faith,
without which no tjian can befaved, which I freely profefs, and truly
• hold
Cent. 17. Of FRANCE. 197
hold for the prercnt, the fame I will retain, and profefsconflantly unco
the end of my life by the help of God, (^c: And this I promife, vow,
and fwear, fo help me God, and his holy Gofpels.
3. The third Decree was concerning Divine Worfhip in general,
4. Concerning the Sacraments. As for the Sacrament of Confirma-
tion, it was to be done frequently, and Gratishy the Bifhops through the
Towns in their DiocelTes.
5. Concerning Bifhops, where diverfe qualifications are pre-requifice
before any one be admitted to the Office of a Bifhop.
60 Concerning the Offices of Bifhops.
7. Concerning the Offices of Curates, and other Presbyters and Pa5
rirfi-Priefts.
8. Concerning Monaflerics, wherein divers Inftrudions and Rules are
prefcribed to the Abbots and Priors, for the better governing themfelves,
and their Monafteries.
pi Concerning Ecdefiaftical Jurifdidon,
There were alfodiversStatutes made in the fame Prqi^incial Synod,,
concerning tnc foundation of Schools and Seminaries.
The Decrees cf the ^rovmcid QouncH of Rhemes,
Anno 1585.
I . /^^Oncerning the Cathohck faith, and the, reafon of profcffing
V-/ the fame.
2. A Form of Confeflion is fet down.
3. Concerning Divine Worfhip.
4. Concerning the Breviary, MifTal, and Manual.
5. Concerning Feftival Dayes.
6. Concerning Divination by lots, and other things contrary to Chrt—
ftian piety.
7. Concerning the Sacraments, i. Of Confirmation, z. Of Pe-
nance. 3. Of the Eucharifl. 4, Of Order. 5. Of Matrimony.
Whereunto is added the Decree of the Council of Trent concerning-
the reformation of Matrimony, ex.Sej[.2^. 6. OfExcreara
Unftion.
8. Concerning Seminaries.
9. Of the Clergy in general.
10. Of Regulars, and their Monafteries,.
11. Of Curates..
12. Of Cfuipters and Canons..
13. Concern'pg Bifhops.
4. Conccrnii.g Simoniacks and Fiduciaries,
y, Concerning Burials,
i6.Con^-
1 9 8 %^t eCtUMmm ^idO^y Cent. 17.
16. Concerning Ufury.
17. Concerning Jurifdiftion.
18. Concerning a Vifitation.
19. Concerning a Diocefan Synod.
20. Of a Provincial Synod.
The Decrees of the froVincial Council of Bourdeaux ,
together with'the Laws of the Seminaries^ Anno 1585.
all approved by the Tope.
I . /concerning a Confefiion of Faith.
V_V 2. Of thofe things which have refped to Divine Worihip and
Religion.
3 . Of Ecclefiaftical Prayer?.
4. Of the Breviary, Miffal, and other Books pertaining to Divine
Offices.
5.0f thofe things which either are to be obferved, or to betaken
heed of, in the holy Sacrifice of the Mafs (as they call it j and in
Divine Otiices.
6.0fFeftival-dayes.
7. Of Magick Arts, and other things contrary to Chriftian Reli-
gion.
8. Of the Sacrament.
9. Of Baptifm.
10. Of Confirmation.
11. Of theEucharift.
12. Of Penance.
13. Of Extreana Unftion.
14. Of Order.
15. Of Matrimony.
16. Of Bifhops.
17. Of Chapters and the Canons of Cathedral and Collegiate
Churches.
18. Of Parifii-Priefts.
19. Of the Refidency of Paftors.
20. Of preaching the Word of God.
21. Of the life and manners of Clergy-men.
22. Of the Examination of thofe that are to be promoted to benefices
vvich cure.
25. OfSimoniacks andConfidemiaries.
24. Of Monafteries,
25. OfSciV.in3.ries.
, 26. Of
C^.i7> Of FRANCE.
199
26. Of the not alienating the things of the Church.
27. Of Schools, Printers, and Book-fellers.
28. Of Hofpitals.
29. Of Ufuries and unlawful Gontja^,
50. Of Burials. ;-.:■
3 1. Of Jurifdiftion.
32. Of a Vifitation.
33. Of a Diocefan Synod,
34. Of a Provincial Council,
35. Of Punifhments.
Of the Injlttution and Laws of the Seminaries of the TrQ=
Vmce of Bourdcaux.
# .- '
t./^F the Houfes of a Seminary,'] That they be built in a large
kJ and fpacious place, near unco the Cathedral Church. That there
be a Chappel wherein the- Clergy may meet at prayers. That the dor-
mitory be open and common, in which every one may have his own
bed, ^c. That an Hofpital be appointed in an open place for fick folks,
in which all thjpgs,raay, bie^,prpyid,?d%. the ficji, with fingular piety
and charity,; .;; .,;.;j ;;:; 10 (]o:rtfi -.rlj 2: m-^r. : !i>;in
2. Of the tuamer of admitting Clerks into Seminaries. 3 The efe-
dion and admiffion of Clerks Ihall'be in the power of the Bifhop : or
of thofe to whom this care fhall be committed by name. That out of
all youths very fit youths may be chol'en, the Bifhop fhall caufc it to be
proclaimed through all the Cities and Towns of theDiocefs refpecially
where there are SchoolsJ that if any be poor, and born of lawful Ma-
trimony, whodefire to be promoted to the Priefthood, and who have
attainecl to the age of twelve years, and have not exceeded the twentieth^
and have made fome progrcfs in the Grammar,, that they appear to be
examined at the time and place which he fhall appoint them. , The Bi^
fhop Ihall not admit any tf),bcexaiT)jned, \whoro he fhall behold) to' be
maimed, or.deformed. Then fhall be enqui're; diligently concerning i\n
condition, eftate, manners, apd religion of the Parents.) And he fhall
iry what progrefs the youths have made, in learning, he fhall alfo have
regard to their wit, vertue, and difpofition either to good or evil. And
whom by manifeft conjedures he fhall judge to be unfit for learning,
piety, and the Pritfthood,he 11 all by no means admit into the Semimry..
Before.any one be admitted into 'ihe'Seminary^ he i^ to he often admOi-
nifhed, that he may not be, educated and nQuinfhed in the Seminary, if
be propound to himfelf any other kind of life, than an Eccleliaftical
life.^ Thercfpr^e let him by oath, vow, andholily promife, that he will!
never depar!ijfi9 ^ny other courfe of, life , but will al.vaycs. faithfully;
ItXVif
20O %\^t eccieftaStca! ifiilo;^ cent. 17.
ferve the Church or Chrift in that degree and order which fliall be af-
figned to him by the Bifliop. He (hall alfo promife to obey ihe Gover-
nour of the Seminary, and his Subftitutes in all things, and that he will
obfeive all. the Laws and Statutes of the Seminary, which fhall be read
unto him,'ef-c. Let none be received till he be inftrufted concerning
his Bed, Gown, Cap, VVaftccoat, and other Garments, Surplice and
Breviary.
3 . Of the Prefident, and Overfeers of a Seminary. 3 None are to be
admitted into any Office in a Seminary , unlefs he be firft diligently
examined and iryed by theBifhop. Great care (hall be taken, tbatthe
Sovernours of a Seminary be men grave, prudent, and adorned with all
kind of vertue, who by their example and exhortations may provoke
thole that are under their charge to the (ludy of Piety and Vertue.
Let all firft put the confellion of their faith, according to the form ex-
prc(r«d in the Provincial Council, in the hands of the Biihop. In the
Seminary there (hall be one Prefident of venerable gravity, andaPrieft
of fingular piety, whom all in the Seminary (hall obey, as well in Spi-
rituals as Temporals; And to the Prefident two other Priefts (hall be
joyned, whereof one fhall be an Overfeer of all bufinefTes of the Se-
minary -, the other fhall have the care of the houlhold affairs, and
(hall be called the Under-Mafter of the Seminary. In the Seminary
ihall be fo many fervants as the Bi(hop, or thofe delegated by him (hall
think fit. The Governours of the Seminary fhall diligently require of
their Scholars a repetition of the Lefture , and direft them in their
manners and behaviour. And one of them (hall teach the Clerks an
Ecclefiaftical Song. Let the Prefident bedailyinthe Seminary, and
with his prefence and care contain all in their duty : and totheBifhop
let him often give an account of the whole Seminary. Let the Prefi-
dent have a Book in which he may fet down the names, firnames, con-
dition, the day and vear of the reception of all thofe who (hall be ad-
mitted into the Seminary , and whatfoever houfliold-ftuff every one
ihall bring.
4. Of' the Oecojiomy^ or Hoit^wld-Cjover^mem of the Seminary,'^
A skilful Procurator (hall be fet over the houfe in temporal matters,
who 11 all take care of affairs at home and abroad : he (hall gather iii
time all the yearly rents and profits of the Seminary ; and the moneys
cotlefted he I'hali flr.iightway deliver to the Prefident to be kept in a
cheil. And he fhall have a Book,!n which he ll all diligently and faiihful-
ly fet down.whatfoever pirofitsand moneys he(haIlrece:'ve,andcfvvhom,
and for what cauie, and (hall note the day, the month and the year. He
fhall give an accc^unt to the Prefident of what he receiveth and espend-
etb every month : and the Prefident (hall fign the bocrc cf accounts with
his own band : and the fame accounts (liall the^ifhoptxamine every
third month, c^c. Hiibat Ihall buy in food and other t'Bings, (hall be
one
Gent..:..!;?:^' Of F R A N C E. 20 !
one that is found to be a man faiili ful aad confcientious, who (hM every
day receive fo much money as is neceffiry from the Procuraior, and
every diy give an account to the Procurator of what is received and ex-
; pended, and that particularly and by piece-meal. The hou l.o!d-ftuff,and
all the feveral VcfTels and Inftrumentsof the Seminary, fhail the Procu-
rator fet down in a Book, and iliall give an account of ihcm to ihe Go-
vtrnour in the fixth month. Moderate food, frugal, and not very deli-
care, fhall be defcribed by the B;fhop and his DvMegates.
5. Of the Difcipline of the Seminary : and fir Ji of Piety, ~\ Let the
Clerics be excited to Piety and Religion. Lee every one be raifed up
at four a clock in the morning,then let them come together in one place,
and with bended knees apply themfclves to Prayer for half an hour ,
and they fhall rehearfe( one going before, others anfwering with a dear
voice ) the hourly prayers ofthebkiTed Virgin. They who ihall be ini-
tiated tofacred orders, Hiall recite the Breviary in convenient time,
and with great attention . B.fore nine a clock in the evening, before they
lye down to reft, they (ball all together rehearfe the Litanies, and by
and by fhall fearch and examine their confcicnces q-c. Every month
fhall every one confefs his fins to the Prieft : and being prepared let
them receive the holy Eucharifl with great devotion, unlcfs their Con-
feflbr fee caufe to with-hold it from them. Every holy day going out
two by two out of the Seminary, and putting on their Surplices, let
ihem come together to the greater Niafs, and Vefpers, of the Cathe-
dral-church of the City, in which the Seminary fhall be, and ihtre let
them ftand and fit in places appointed for them , and fing with the
Quire; and on thofe days they ni:ll beprefent at the publick Sermon
in the fame Church, or another place. The Prtfident alfo li.all diverfe
times in every mouth give brief exhortauons to the Clergy, concerning
the dignity of Vertues, and the filthinefs of Vices, with the remedies
thereof, concerning blefTednefs, the pains of Hell, concerning death,
the laft judgement. In the beginning of Dinner and Supper one of the
Priefis fhall pray for a blcfTing, and give thanks after Supper or Dinner,
all modeflly anfwering the Prieft going before them. The Pfalm dc pro-
fimdisy Qj-e. is to be added, and other Colled:; for the rounder and Be-
nefaftors. In the time of D nner and Supper let one read by fuggeilion
fome Chapter out of the holy Bible, to which may be added the read-
ing of fome pious Book, which they ihall all diligently hear , that
whilfl the body is refrefhed with food, the mind may never be idle.
Among other Writings of Pious and Learned men, let them often read
privately and publickly that famous Epiftle of S. Hierom lo Ncpjtiun^
de Vita Ckricortim^ that unto that Rule every one may endeavour to
direft himfelf.
6. Of obedienct, and other duties of the Clerkj of the Seminary ,~\
The Clerks of the Seminary are to be obedient to their Governours in
C c c c all
202
%^t eecielraStcai ^iMjf Cent. V-
all things. La none go out of the Golledge without leave, and a compa-
nion joyned to him, wiih whona let him alfo return back again into the
Seminary. Let none fend or otherwife receive Letters, unlefs by the
hand of the Prefident, who fhall diligently read them, c^c. None fliall
iit with any one wtchouc the Seminary, unlefs with his Parents and
Kindred, and that very fcldome, and with leave ; neither fhall he fleep
out of the Seminary. If any go forth, and abide without, the Prefident
being ignorant of ir, he may not be admitted without confulting theBi-
fhop, whofe right it is to appoint , whether he be to be received into
the Seminary or not. Let none touch another fo much as in jeft, but
every where and among all preferve modefliy and gravity. Let filence
every whvf re be kept reiigioufly, in the Temple, in the Schools, in the
Chamber, between going to and returning from the School, and in all
places let Ecdefiaftical modefty appear. They fhill not difcourfe with
thofe they meet, except by decent andmodeft falutation, which may be
done in palTing by. As often as they fhall go either to the Temple or
the School, they fhall proceed modeftly two by two, their Governour
following them to whom they are committed. When they are at fludy,
let none fpeak with other, neither in the morning before, nor in the
evening afcer prayer. All fhall go to bed at nine a clock, and rife at
four : all fhall lyc fingle in their beds , that they may preferve their
health. After Dinner, and after Supper, they fhall fpend one hour in
honeft recreation, ^c. Let them keep their clothes, chambers, beds,
books, clean: let them make up their beds early in the morning.
7. Of their Learning. ] Let all firfl learn the Compendium of the
- Catholick Catechifm fo exadly, that by mutual interrogations concern-
ing it, they may be able to render an account of the Catholick Faith
to every one requiring it. And to that end a repetition of it fhall be
made twice in a Week. And when they fhall be advanced herein, let
she reading of the J?oiw^« Catechifm be diligently commended to them,
that from thence they may learn the higher Doftrine of the Sacra-
ments. Let them alwayes keep the Law of fpeaking Latin, and let
them be diligent in learning their lefTons, and getting them by heart in
the time preftsed, &c. Let none be abfent from School in the appoint-
ed time. In the School, let the Clerks who fhall be of the fame form,
fit. together , and endeavour to excel others with all modefty. Let
them neither buy nor have any Books, but thofe whom the Prefident
fhall judge to be profitable for them. Books that are condemned by the
holy Apoftolical Chair, and immodeft Books , let them not fo much as
know them by name, much lefs let them dare ever to read them. They
fhall. be exercifed in all kind of Difciplines, which do efpecially help-
to the knowledge of Divinity, and when they fhall learn more humane
Learning and Philofophy, they are to be chiefly inflruded in that part of
Divinity which, unfoldeth cafss of confcience.Let them alfo learnEcclefi-
aftical
Cent. 17. Of FRANCE.
aftical Books diligently,and thofe which they call Ritual. Let all be ex-
ercifed in their order in making Orations aad Exhortations concerning
the commandments of God and of the Church,concefning the Articles of
faith, Vertues to be followed, and Vices to be fhunned , or fome other
fentence of Scripture, ^c.
8. OfCorreQion. ] If any be wayward, and fawcy, efpecially who
infed: and corrupt the manners of others, all endeavours are to be ufed,.
left they bring any detriment to the Seminary, if the Moderators are
fomewhat indulgent toward them : neither arc they who are of a crabbed
nature long to be retained in the Seminary ,unlefs they fhall reform them
by words or correftion. As they are not to be born in a Seminary, who
are ignorant and flothful, fo much lefs they who negleft piety, who vio-
late the Statutes of the Seminary, who enter into fociety with diflblute
perfons, who are delighted in the difcourfes of thofe that are without,
who are wont to whifper and backbite, t^c. who art wont to lye, and
excufe their own faults, who impatiently bear punifliments injoyned,
who Ipeak or anfwer malapertly, undecently, or ironically. Thefe and
the like Vices are firft of all to be ftopt by the whole Seminary, and
fliarply to be correfted, without excepting any.
9. Of the reafon of promoting Clerks, and difmilling them from the
Seminary, As often as Orders (hall be celebrated, the Prefident (hall
give to the Bifhop a Catalogue of thofe, who for their age, piety, and
learning, may be promoted to fome Order.
In examinations which (hall be had to vacant Benefices, the Seminary-
Clerks if they be fit, let them be preferred before all others. They
(hall befent at the pleafureof the Bifhop to Churches deftitute ofPa-
ftors, or to govern Schools, or to undergo other Ecclefiaftical Offices,
fdr the neceflity of times and places. Whofoever fliall be fent away
from the Seminary, ('for what caufe foever) Icthira render an account
of his Office to the Prefident, which he hath exerci fed at home, and re-
ftore all things to its place which have been committed to him.
Thofe who have been educated in the Seminary , and without the
licence of the Bifhop have delivered up themfelves to any place or per-
fon, or have fled out of the Dioccfs in which they ought to ferve the
Church, fhall be bound to make reftitution of that maintenance which
they have received in the Seminary. They who depart, if they come
to better preferment, yet are they to remember that they ought to be
beneficial and grateful to the Seminary. Departing , let them take
their leave of the Lord Bifhop, if he be in the City, his Vicars , the
Prefident, the Priefts, and the reft of their companions, and let themear-
neftly entreat them all to pray for their profperity.
C c c c 3 Th
3<^5
204.
%ljt€aMeMitiil^Moi^- Cent. 17.
'The Decrees of another 'TroVincul Synod foliow , made
• i>aFtly atToiUS tn- the month 0/ May 1583. md^arf-
ly at Ar>jo a in the nmith of September j I p?aH only
jet down an Index of the Ittks..
■He Prologue of the Synod.
2. Supplications to the Pope, and the Moft Chriftian KJng^
3. Of the care of defending the Profeffion of Faith.
4. A Form of Confcffion of Faiih is fet do7/n,
5. Of the Extirpation of Sireiony.
6. Of the Sacraments and their ufe.
7. Of Bapnfm.
8. Of Confirniation.
9. Of the Eucharift, amd Sacrifice of the Mafs.
10. Of Matrimony.
1 1. Of Order.
12. Of the celebration of Feftivals , the Veneration of Rel.iques-
and of linages.
13. OfEccIefiafticalDifcipline : the Reformation of the Clergy, as.
well as the people. '•■- :'(
14. Of Chapters, Dignities, and Canons.
15. Of Parifh-Priefts, Presbyters, and other Clerks.
16. Of Chrifts fiithful Laity.
This Synod requireth Women not to go abroad, and efpecially net
to come into the Church, without their heads and breafts veiled, /«-
dignnm efi, &c. It is an unworthy thing ( fay they ) that Chriftian
women, whom itbecoraeth to be adorned with modefty andfobriety,,
ta profefs piety by good works, after a whoriOi manner to expofethem-
felves to the people with curled hair and naked breafts.
They forbid all temporal bufiiiefiis to be done in the Church, where
Prayers and Divine Olliccs are to be performed. They require all
Chriftians not to eat without firft confecrating their Table, and not to-
depart from Table without pious and humble thankfgiving unto God.
If any one hath taken counterfeit money, though ignorantly, and he
know not the perfon from whom he received it, yet he fhallnot pre-
fume to put it away to another, becaufe it cannot be done without ap-
pearance of evil. All Laicks are forbidden to walk in the Church,
(efpecially during the time of Divine Offices j under pain ofExcom-
munication.. ,
t7. Of
Cent "17. of F R XNCE ^ 105
ly.OfMonkSjandMonifteries ; of the mmncr of cheadmiffionof No-
vices into Abbics, Monafteriesj and Convents. None is to be admitted ■.
to that proreffion before the year of probation, and before the fixteenth
year of his age. Of the antient Ceremonies and Cuftoms of the Mo-
nafterics •, the habits of the Monks, and their Ihaving their beards, and
having a round ring of hair on their heads. The Laity, are forbid-
den to (it annong the Monks, whilftthe Divine Myfteries arecelebrated»
18. Of Nuns and their Habits. A Prohibition to men to enter into
the Monafteries -of the Women.
19. Of Burials. The bodies of Hereticksnot to have Chriftiin bu-
rial. Tlwfe who deny the Oblations or Legacies of the dead, or refufc
to pay them, or conceal their Wills and Teftaments , or deceitfully re-
tain them, are to be excommunicated. ♦
• 20. Of Jurifdidion and Vifitation.
21. Of preferving Church-goods, and. not alienating them*
22. Of Seminaries,, Schools,^-and llniverfities.
.i-ii'.-.-'-i.J'i i . ■■ • ■- ,
The Decrees of the ^P/oVincidl CmmcA'of A<3[mtaJ?ricV/t?*
hrcited at Bicariges In the month of Septeml^sr^
Anno 1584.
I
N the firft place there is a Form of Confeffion of Faith, by thofe who
were prefent in this Provincial Council.
The Index of the Titles,
I. Concerning the Adoring, Worfhipping,;ahd Calling upon God,
■ 2. Concerning Faith.
3. Of the Preaching and Expofiiion of the Word of God.
4. Of taking away the abul'e of the Scriptures.
5. Of avoiding Hereticks.
6. Of Invocation of Saints, and of Feilival dayes.
7. Of Pilgrimages to holy places. No Clerk mny prefunie- to vifft;
fuch places without having obtained a licence from"his own Bilhop,, or
his Vicar in writing j and before he begin his joarney, he is Hid. to
confefs all his fins, and to receive the holy Eucharift. None is to vifir
holy places out of curiofiiy , or out of pleafure, or, to view divers
Towns and places, but for the amendment of his lift', and the fulfilling
of Vows.
8. Of Vigils and Faftings.
5>. Of Churches and Temples'.
10, Of the Relitj^ues of Saints- : The ficil Caaon. was^ c&aL tjie B'i-
%t^t etclcfiafticat ^ttlo^^ cent. 17.
(hops take care, that the honour of Reliques be preached to the people
of God. That Reliques are not to be (hewed out of the Box, except it
be done out of a fokmn rcanner and cuftom of forae Church, but they
are to be kept with honour and reverence. The Reliques of Saints
may not be tranflated without the authority of the Pope, or the Bifhop,
or a Council. They are to be carryed by Ecclcfiaftical perfons in pub-
lick prayers, not by Laicks, unlefs perhaps it be granted them out of
^ an antient and laudable cufto me of Churches and places.
II. Of Images-
' 1 2. Of the celebration of the Divine OlBce, of Canonical hours, and
the Ecclefiaftical Hymn.
I3.0f daily diftributions.
14. Of Boyes-Chorifters : of their age, manners, habit, and
learning.
1 5. Of the Ornaments and Veffels of the Church.
16. Of Coemeteriesjthecareofthe Dead, and of Purgatory.
17. Of Traditions.
18. Of the Sacraments in general.
19. Of Baptifra.
20. Of Confirmation.
21. Of Penance, and the parts of it.
22. Of the Eucharift.
23. Of theMafs.
24. Of Order.
25. Of the Clergy.
26. Of Priefts.
27. Of Matrimony.
2 8 . Of Extream Unftion.
29. Of the greater and lefler Seminaries, of Schools and Univer-
fities,
30. Of Jurifdiftion.
3 1 . Of Excommunication.
32. Of Archbifhops and Biihops.
3 3. Of a Vifitation, Procuration, andihe perfons to whom the power
of Vifiting is given.
34. Of Canons and Chapters.
35 . Of the Redors of Farifh Churches.
36. Of Benefices.
37. Of Monafteries and Religious Houfes.
38. Of things pertaining to the Church.
3 9 . Of Blafphemies -, of an Oath, and of Per jar y,
40. Of Divination by lots, Enchantments, Conjurations, and fuch like
Superftitions,
4-1 . Of Simoniacks and Fiduciaries.
' 42. Of
Cent. 17. Of F R A >? C E." ' :p '"' '~ '207
42. Of Concubhiaries. .: ;/;"oF! -^i.rnf^:::! bcfi-jrin
43. Of Hofpitals.
44. Of Confraternities, and Fellowfhips. ^
45. Of Laicks. .-:. .jirD,':»-J? \
46. Of Councils.
This Council was concluded with acclamations to Pope Gregory
XIII, toKing //ff«r)i III, to the Patriarch oi Bituriget ^ and to all
the Bifhops that were prefent in that Council , wiihing ihem long life,
and an happy return to their Churches,
An Indulgence of fourty days was granted by the Patriarch to all.
who were prefent in this Synod, and to all people which favoured„ . ;. _,. . . ..
jlzp. Of the S^r-iftwR'io H3-Ei«fc7,3fl3 01 , II
30. Of the Coeniekries, Bell.y Obfequies,and Funerals.
gi. Of Proceflions.
i'32. Of . Indulgences; ,
^■33,:QfReliqpe?. ;»: ' - .
34. Of ExconsmunrcatioD* '.. ..;; v . ;: .■■
35. Of chofe things which pertain to the CoUationof Benefices, and the
prefervation of rights and goods.
' 36. Of a Seminary. ,
37. OfaDioce/ii^Synod.
38. Of foraneous Vicars. . .
39. Of Monafteries.
40. Of Nuns, and their VoWsof Chaftityr,. . ; -.:[, nnifn-i:; 'C.'"* ,:
41. Of thofe things which generally faddhgr to thefecCotillitu-
tions./ _;; ;c-f- - "V - . , ^~;: j:.-:;V- '"-:'■-■-: '^t.;::"!': .^-
Tbe Titles of the "Decrees of the fPro^ukcial. Cornell of
Tholoufe, Anno 1590.
Part I.
Concerning a Profeffion of Faith,
2 . Concerning Bifhops.
Concerning Chapters.
4. Concerning Pari b-Priefls,
5. Of Presbyters and Clerks.
6. Of Preachers^ J", T,:^-^?? :.^'
7. Of foraneous Vicars.
8. OfNuns.
3
Part 2.
1. Of Sacraments, aiid things belonging to the Sacraments.
2. OfBaptifrt^
3. Of Confirmation.
4. Of Penance, and Confefiion,
e la J^acame anx. Prelatures, of Vacancy to Bi=.
fliopricks.
3. Des Btovtjtotis abiijives decs temps, of the abufivc Provifiohsofc
leneiice.s..
4. Of Simonies and Gonfidences,, '
5. Des Syndiss Diocefainsi of 1?/(7C^« CbmraiiTtoners,
Thep foUovneth,
Advkde I' tAjfmhle'e du C LERG E de l" Ah. 1598. envop'
dux Trovinces, contre Us Oecommats fpiritHels, ^ confiitutions des
Menjions aux. fey fotmes fecnliers fur les Benefices.
The Admonition of the Aflembly of the Clergy of France at Pkrk^
Anno 15,98. fent into the Provinces of itri«w^, againft fpiritual OecQ?^.
ijoojies, and Pcnfions upon Benefices granted.toLay perfons,
T/;e St:atutes of the Affembly of the-Qergy of^tznct at
Paris J Anno 1606. for. the Adminijiration of Bcdep-
fajlical jurifdiBion..
Then feEm-,
THe Decrees- of the Provincial Council oiNarboiu. Which are of
the fame nature with "the Decrees of Divers of the former
CouncilPo
This Council aiTerabled Anno 16091
A Council AiTembled at Aquens, to eenfure a Book l^e Bcc-Uji-
afika & Politica^otiftate^ of EccleSallics.l and Politick power.
Ano-
of F RANCE. 211
Another Aflembly of the Ckrgy olFrance met at Paru^ Anno 1615.
for tfie reception of the Council oiTrent.
A Provincial Council was congregated at Bourdeaax, Anno 1624. in
the month of September : the Decrees whereof were of the fume kind
with fomeofthe foregoing Councils.
There was alfo a General Council of the Clergy of France, AflVm-
bled a.t Paris, Anno 1625.
Divers Propofuioins were collefted out of a Book fet forth in EngUjli^
Entitled , Apologia pro rnodo procedtndi Sa.nQ:£ fedk Apofiolica, in
regendii Catholtcis Anglic, durante perfecutionii tempore ^ c/im de- '
fenfioneStat'uf BcUgioJi. AiicJore Daniele ajefa.
Then followeti: an Epiftle of the Cardinuls, Archbifhops, and Bi-
fhops, then ading at Paris, to the Cardinals, Archbifhops, and B:-
fhops through France, corTCfrning the condemning of two Volumes,
to which thefe Titles are prefixed,
1. TraiBez des DroiUs & Libertez.df I' £glifeGullicane.
2. Preuue des Libertez. de I' Eglife GMuC-^ne,' February 14.
1639.
The firfl: Council of the Province of P*2w,under Francis de ^ondy,{hs
firft Arcbbifhop oi Paris, in {he time of Pope VrbanVlU. andKing-
Lewfs XIII. was celebrated in the year 1640. againft a Book enti-
tuled, Optati Galli de cavefidofchifmate, &c.
Whofoever fhall defiic to be fatisfied fully concerning the French
Cardinals, I fhall refer him to a Book entituled, Gallia PnrpHrata.
Of the linirvcrjlties 0/" France.
TarU.
PArls (ihe Metropolis ) is the firfl, and niofl: antient Univerfity of
France. Erafmm faith, That Lutctia Acadewiariim omnium Regina^
Taris is the Queen of all Univerfiiies. The Emperour Ch.irles the Great
inftituted this famous Univerfi y. Having made a League with Ar-
chaius King of Scots, he entreated that King to fend unto him Pro-
fefTdurs of the Greek and Latin Tongues, and of other Learning for
his Univerfity of P^is. Archains fent unto him the forfniencioncd
Aldtinw^oi Atbiniij, John Melrofe ( fo named from ihe Abbey ..Wt/-
ro/e) Claudifu^ Qemens, and A>:t\:ony. Flortntnu reckonech them
among Heretick?, who followed the Greek Church, becaufe ihey op-
pofed the ^owj/j Rites, Tlie Kings ol' Fr.uice have beautified
this llniveriiiy from time to time, with many fumptuous Edifices, en-
dowed it with many great Ptiviledgcs and Princely Kcvcnues. The
Ddd d i princi-
Z 11
%^t €cclefia(ltca!i^tfto;tp
principal CoUedges are the Scrhorne , and the CoUedge of Na
King Levies IX. by tht Counfel of KoS^rf of Scr^^K (which took
his firnatne as they fiy from the place oF his Nativity) his Almoner
and Confcflbur, erefted a CoUedge of Divines, which retains the
name of Sorhon. Pupe Clement IV. confirmed the foundation of this
Colkdge. He that anfwereth there continueth frotn morning to-
nighr.
The CoUedge of Navarre was founded by Joan Queen o{ France
and Navarre, Aino J304. She hkewife enriched this CoUedge with
an excellent Library.
The greateft part of the young Princes,. Lords, and Gentlemen in
f r^-r«cf,are cuflomarily nourifhed and inftrufted in this CoUedge. ?ettr
de ^///^caChancellour of ?a.ri6^ hath befto';:vcd fo much on this CoUedge,.
that he is eftcemed as a fecond foun.dc!;.
faiUiiers^
Po/SjVrj is an Univerfity, efpecially for the CivU Law, and a See
lipifcopal. It was crefted under [harks VII. King oiFrance, and
confirmed by Pope Etigemnt IV. Scaliglr in his Cities thus fpeaks-
«fit,
_\
Si ftudiunjeft anipj(ty veniunt a cor fore virei -^
Galliaque a, merit is fo felt utrn7nqice fibi.
H&c fiudtisj alii belli exercentur amore.
Pictavium efi animusy c/ttera corpus erunt.
John Capniofj^ and Chriftophortu Longolim^ were ProfefTours here.-
Lions,
Lions is pleafantly feated on the confluence of the Soajne, and the
Rhoffie, anciently a Roman Colony (teiufiedbymany old InfcriptionsJ
and honoured with a magnificent Temple, dedicated by the Cities of
France to AJiguftm C-«c, fecond inrei
:pmation of the whole Province, and famous for the Sepulchre of Willi-
am the Conquerour. An Univerfity was erefted here by Henry V.
King of England, who after many glorious Conquefts atchieved againft
die French King, he at laft bereaved him of Normandy^ Anno 1418.
In token and memory of which Viftory, as a perpetual Trophy and
Monument of his glory, he caufedtobe hidin Caen the foundation of
.this Univerfity. The Archbifhop of i>^/^/z« was the firft Reader of
Divinity there. In this Univerfity lately flourifhed Bochart that Learn-
ed French Divine.
Rhetties.
It is the Metropolis of Cham^aigne, wherein not long fince was
ereded an Univerfity by Charles Gmfe^ Cardinal of Lorrain^ Arch-
bifiiop and Duke of .^^fwe^. In this Univerfity among other Coliedgcy,
there is one appointed for the education of young Englijb fugitives.
The Archbifhopof thisSeeis one of the twelve Peers of fr^jwc^. The
French Kings are anointed at Rhemes (it is faid) with the oyl wherewith
St. Remigim had anointed Clovis the firft Chriftian King of France.
BonrdeaHX.
It is the chief City ofAquitah, feated on the South Bank ofttie Ga^
rond, not far from the Sea, among the Marifhes. An Univerfity was
foiunded hereby King LevnesXl. and a large Cathedral. Here Au^
/o«?f«j. that famous Poet, was born and educated.
Tholoufe.
It is the chief City of La/^guedoc, and one of the greateft in all
France ; fo ancient that feme report it to be built when Deborah Judged
IfraeL It is the feat of an Archbifhop, and an Univerfity. Popz John
XXII. firft inftituted tlie Univerfity, which enjoycth the fame priviled-
£es that heretofore have been granted unto Paris.
N,f-
of FRANCE.. 215
Nifmes,
It was antiently a Colony of the Romans, now a Bifhops See, where
there remain feme marks of the iJow^» greatnefs, efpecially theruines
of a fpacious Palace built by the Eraperour ^^m« ■, in it an Univerll*
ty- was lately ereded-
Mdtitfelier.
It is a City in Languedocj not far from the Mediterranean Sti ^ it
is fcituate on a high Mountain, as the name iciporceth. Here is an
Univerfity for the Study ofPhyfick, and for that very cummodioufly,'
feated ^ the Country round about affording great variety of medicinal
Herbs. Out of this Univerfity many famous Phyfitians have proceeded,
wz.. GemiliSf infigm AvicemiA Commentator , Falcoj Argenteriiu^.
DalechampKSt Rondeletim, f^aleriola, Jacobus Fontanm, Laurentim
Joubertpu^ Aidreas haurentiiu, infignis Anatomes[eripor..
Bifanfon,.
It is the Metropolis 0^ Burgundy^ feated between two Mountains oil
the Banks of the River Dohx, by which it is almofl: encompafTcd.
In the year 1540. afmall Univerfity was founded here by the autho--
rityofPope Jidim III. and the Emperour C/?^/Bourdeaux. 13
Amandus Bipop of Paris. 33
D'Amboife, and Afcanius Cardi-
nals. 185
The Bifiop (?/ Amhian, a great Law-
yer^ againji the Fry art hearing of
Confejjions^ d^c. 1 48
The Battel at Agin- Court , where
ten thoufand French vpere flain.
163
Alanus of Charfres j Secretary to
K/«^ Charles Vir.
Antonius de Rofellisj a famous
Reader of the Law, 172
Andoclus a Martyr. 8
Angifus Abbot of Lobien. 5 6
Ambrofe Ansbert a good Writer.
67
Page
Anfelm BiJJjop of Ladn , leirayeth
Charles of Lorrain with his
IVife and children unto his Ene-
mies. 6^
The Cardinal of Ar]es. 171
An Ajfembly of the Prelates at
Tours, eaUed by King Lewes
xrr. 186
AponiuSj a Writer of divers Books.
Jacobus Amiotus, Abbot of Belle-
fona. 209
Aphordifius, firjl Fajlor of Bour-
ges7» France. 2
A great Army againji the Albigen-
ics. 104
Arnalf, Bifiop of Orleans, againli
the Pope^s power over the French
BiJIiops. 69
Arnulph BifiopofMttz^a Learned
and good Man, 3 2
Arnulph, a fmgtdar Treacher. 85
George, Cardinal hich Ts>as fubdued to
the Englifbj except Calais. 1 64
Whrn-.:
The Table.
2
24,25
23,24
26
35
Page
when the Cardinals were firji flmt
tip in a CeMclave at the ElcQion
of the Pope. 120
Charles oj Guife, Arch^BiJJ}■^p of
Rhemes , and Charles tn^Arch-BtJf3op of Tours.
78
Hinckmarus Arch-bijhop ef Rhemes
60361
Hinckmarus, Biflw^ of Laon. 60
Hilary , BiJJiop of Poidiers in
France. ri
Hilary, firSl BiJJiop of Aries. 1 5
L
IiReoJEUS, his fiory. 6, 7, 8
Jews bani^jed out of France, by
King Dagobert. p. 33. And bji
Philip Auguftus. 93
Ivo, Arch-BipJop of Chattres, a Faf
fil to rope Urban IL He wrote
divers Epijiles to him. 79, 80
Joan of Arc, her Story, her Valour,
SucajSand Death. 1 6^
Indulgences granted to divers Chur-
ches, Brother-hoods , and Hofpi-
talf. 218,219,220
rope John XXII. erf Se^/z/je Church
of Tholoufe into an Arch-Bi-
fiopric^: and divided the Dio-
cejs of Tholoufe into fix Bi-
JhopricI{S. 144
King John and his Son Philip are
taken Prifoncrs by Edward the
Blacky Prince, and carried into
England, 148
James de Paradifo of Chartres, he
wrote a little after the Council of
Eafil, 1 70
Page
L.
L
Ahdilenus, Bipop of Vieana.
Lzzzius, Jirji Pajior of Marfeilles.-
2.
Good Laws ena&ed by King Lewes
IX. 116
A League among the French Nobi-
lity again ft the Pope. ' 1 1 y ,
Launmarus op of Baieux. . yy
Nicholas Orera, he Freacheth before
the Pope and his Cardinals at A-
vignon. 152
P.
Athlas Parifienfis 5 proveth
LYJ. that the Fope is Antichriji.
15s
The Paftorelli, and their Dejiru&i-
on, ■ 114
Pafcha-
The Table.
Page
Pafchafius Rathbert, Abbot of Cor-
bey. (^4
Paul of Pifa, Tutor to Charles ihe
Great. 4 f
Peregrinus, when he fiourijijed. 1 7
Vhi\a{\tms, BiJJjop of ^reuTi. 13
Philip the Apojile^ faidfirjl to have
Preached the Go/pel in France.
I
PoftelluSj a learned French-man.
190
Peter CaftellaOj Eipop of Orleans.
191
Peter Abailard^dw Antitrinitarian.
100
Peter, Eifiop of Clugny. 91
Peter, a Monk^ of Paris. soo
Peter Cantorj he ivrote agaitjji the
Vope^ andthe Maf-Priejh. 101
Peter Lombard, Bijloop of Paris,
iheMaJieroftheSeKtences. 10 1
Peter de Cugneriis hk Oration.
The Appeal of Kifig Philip -^/je fair
agah/Ji Pope Boniface VIII. at Pa-
ns. I go
Articles r?/ William de Plefiano
Kfright^ read agaitjji Boniface
Vlir. at Paris. ibid.
Peter de Aliaco, Cardinal /^ of theprefent King of France.
153
Guide de Bres, an Holy Martyr.
Gulielmus Saluftius Bartaffius, an
exce^Uent Poet. ibid
Ffff
John
The Table.
Page
t:.
John Gaftle perceth King Henry
IV. his upper Lip , &c. and k
executed. 8 3
Father Cotton, hh ridiculom Ser-
m-on. ^ ~ 8&
A tbnferefscebefmen Ou Moulin,
and Ciyer. 88
C'of^ference between the 'Wjbdp of
EvereuxW»i:/Du Pleffis Morney
'^Atifrv College built hyktng fen-
ry IV.,«* la Fleffie. 9>
'A conference betrveen Du N/toulin,
^'and Father Gontier, <« Jefuit.
ACongreghfionof Freijch Fir elates.
ACoUvqH^at PoUy z« France, ie-
ttx>eenthe Popifh Do&ors, and the
Proietkant Minijiers. 5,6
J^hnCrbyjeath of King LtWes XlfL
1^0
Daniel Chamierj<« /e<«^«e(3? French-
mad. 107-
Daniel TilenuSj Trofeffor at Sedan.
■ %
A N Edi9 mide dgiinji Duels.
1\ 129,
Father Edmonds, Trior of the Co-
vent of Jacobines executed.
70
^e'en Elizabeth'^ Xerter to King
Henry IV. vpon change of his
Religion. Bo
French Exiks..,at^ Mpnjpekart.
Anthoajp
The Table.
r.
Page Page
Many places in Fnace^ /tele mth
tie GuiQan Fa&ioa* 43
ANthony Faius, a good French
Divine , and Abraham his
Son^ iheir vpork/. 50
John Fernelius, a learned French
Fhyjieian. 8
A difference between the Bijhop and
the Fryars in France. 145
A fore Famine in Paris. y6
Francis Cupif a Sorbon Doiior,
tnrneth Protcftaat : his Cenjitre.
152
fijhet called Surdonnes , fent by
God's providence to the relief of
the Poor at Rochel , dnring the
Siege. 27
G.
TUe Duke of Guife , and the
Cardinal of Guife flain.
59, 60
A League of the Guifian FaUion.
Gilbert Genebrard , a Divine of
Paris. 10
Paul Gondy, Arch-bijhop of Co-
rinth, and Cardinal de Rhetz.
H«nrico Gaetano , fent Legat by
the Pope to the League of France.
The Guifian League fworn in Tho-
loMCe^bytheblac^Penitentt. 45
King Henry III. curfeth the Citx
of Paris, p. 55. he is mur-
thered by a Jacobine Monl{. 67
Michael Hofpitalius, ChanceUour of
France, an oppofer of vpickfd
Counfds.agninji the Proteftants,
29
King Henry IV. embraceth the Ro*
manCatholick, Religion, p. yg.he
is tfturthered by Kivilhc. ^J
h
THeJefuits rejioredin France^
Julius Cxfar Scaliger, and Jofepa
Scaliger, very learned Men, 9
L.
ALiJi of the Proteftant Chur*
ches in France lately dentoli-
fied. 189,190,191
The latter Councils of France, fince
the Council of Tt&m. 192, &e.
The Laws of a Seminary College, p.
194. and that of Bourdeaux itt
particular, 199, 200
A Letter of King Henry III. to the
King of Navar. 41
/
Ffff 2
Charles
The Table.
Page
M.'
C Harks Marillac Bijhop of Vi-
enna. 2
Auguft. Marlorar, Mimjier of the
Reformed Church at Roven, hart'
gedbjtheGnx^nxM. 17
Clement Marot, a fatnom French-
foeU _ 17
lU blood) Maffacre of the Prote-
ftants «/ Paris. 23,24
Peter Merlin, a learned French
Divine. 24
John Morinuf, a Learned- Papift.
19
Muretus, an eloquent Writer. \y
Dnke of MoatiHorency beheaded,
144
Papyrius MafToniuSj^ Writer of the
French Chronicle. 1 1
C^««# Montgomery taken ^dnd put
to death. 28
A^ndrew Melvin, his Ferfes.
\ 29
Michael Montaign, his Wor^;, and
when he fvuriped.- ;,'* ,'> 50
Cardinal Mazarine wade- prime
Minifier of State, p. 1 64. he
ralfelh a jiatel) Librarji./p..l6^.
his Death. • •.v;i75
John Mercer j a learned French-
man , Succejfor of Vatablus,
m, Hebrew- Profejfor at Paris.
. "' ' ' ' 24,
Page
N.
King of Navar, ^nd Prince of
Gonde, excommunicated by
Tope Sixtus V. 44
Their Protejiation againji it;
ibid
The King of Navar's Declaration
againji the Guifian League.
44
OBufTonj Areh-biJJjop of Yver*
don.
A Form of an ■ Oath , propounded
by thofe of the GuiGaa League.
35
D' OfTat and DuP^rron made Car-
dinals. 84
Seme Orders cr/ed down in France,
becaufe of their Confpiracies a-
gainji the State, 45 ,
P,
PEter de Efpignac Jrch-Bifiop of
Lyons. 35
Reter Verferisj Advocate in the
'Court tf/ Parliament at Paris.
' -if.
The Proteftant Princes of Germany
raife an Army to defend the
French ProteftantSi '"^ 'i'-'J't^ 51
John PafferatiiiSj an exeeHent Ora-
tor, and Poet. 1 1 .
Du
The Table.
Page
Du Pleffis Morneyj^w" Story. 105,
104, IC5
Proteftants dijiurbedift the exercife
of their Religion. 34
A Popi(h Form of Profejfion of
Faith. 195 ad 203
The Workj of Cardinal Du Per-
ron. lOI
TOhn Quinquarboreus, Profejfor
of the Hebrew and Chaldee to
the French King in Paris. 18
A Relation of the prefent Ejiate
of the Reformed churches of
France. 184 ad 188
The Duke of Rohan , hk military
J&ions in France, p. 140. hk
Vsace m^de veith the King. 1 41
his Death. 152
The Siege of Rochel. 137
The Eoglilli attempt to relieve it,
hut in vain. ibid
' // «• yieldcdio the King. 138
Cardinal Richlieu his death.
The Characters given of him.
Francis Rabalsfus, a Witty hut A-
theijiical Writer. 1 5
Peter Ramus //j/» in the Parifian
Majfacre. 24
Page
Rozarius, a Treacher at Orleans,
Jpojiatizeth^and afterwards re-
canteth. 24
Andrew Rivet and William Ri-
vet, tvpo Godly French Divinet.
107
A Provincial Synod, held at Roven.
41
SEdan, a Refuge for the Prote-
ftants. 122-
A Star feen in the ConJieUation of
Caffiopea. 29
A National Synod held at Tonne'iax
p, 10^. another at Alais in Lan-
guedoc. 108
Gafpar Scoppius, his Boo^ tending
to the Rebellion of Sitbje&s <«- .
gainji the Soveraign power Lnrnt
by the Hangman. . 102
The SpaniQa Remwtiation of all
Priority to France. ijS
Claud. SalraaliuSj a learnedFrench
Crilick. 100
Jac. Sirmondus, a Learned French
]tCm. p. ^^. hif rvork/f 100
B
T.
Enedift TurretinCj a learned
French- man. 100
Francis >
The Table.
Page
FRancis Vieta, a learned French
Mathef»atician» 1 00.
Nicholas Vigaerius, a Learn-
ed French H0orhgra^her,
lOO
Page
Nicholas Vignerius , Junior,
a Learned French Divine,
loo
The Bijhop of Verdun imprifoned.