THE OLD BRICK GHUIIChIs OF MARYLAND HELEN WEST RIDGELY ^^ i^Mlkakiiiiii i MAR 17 1924 V .A Section THE OLD BRICK CHURCHES ©f fflanjlauti The I. U. Chcrch, Kent. THE MAR 17 1924 OLD BRICK CHURCHES (Bf jHar^lautJ* BY HELEN WEST RIDGELY. WITH ILLUSTRATIONS SOPHIE DE BUTTS STEWART. NEW YORK: AXSOX D. F. RANDOLPH AND COMPANY ((NCOKPORATEd), 182 Fifth Avenue. 1894. Copyright, 1S94, By Anson D. F. Randolph and Co. (iNCORPOKATED.) BKtiibtrsttg ^ttss: John Wilson and Son, Cambridge, U.S.A. TO Eift ffLcmox'3 of mn (©rantfatljcr, JOSEPH \YHITE MOULTON, A PIONEER HISTORIAN OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK. PREFATORY NOTE. TIEN relays of fresh inspiration are to be found along the road, writing a book becomes a veritable pleasure-trip. Such, indeed, has this book been to nie from the moment when my cousin, Miss Stewart, suggested that we should sally forth together in ([uest of the Old Brick Churches of Maryland, and with brush and pen accentuate the fact of their existence. In this pleasure trip the Maryland Historical rooms might be called our booking-othce, the Episcopal Liljrary our iirst inn, and the Rev. George A. Leakin our genial fellow-passenger, wdio, with others, has nidi- cated to us the points of interest along the way. I borrow my similes, perforce, from stage-coach days, for I cannot forget that ]\Iaryland in some sections is to this day a staging country. Tliis ^^e discovered, o-reatlv to our edification, when actual travel carried us bevond the regions of the railroad and the tele- graph, — bevond the bustle of modern life, where Time is tvrant, to an Arcadia where shifting shadows o-entlv remind one of the hour, and the kitchen clock X prefatory jjiotc. is regulated by the rise or set of the sun. Indeed, even that homely institution is sometimes wanting, — as in the case of one housewife, who boiled her eggs while singing the hymn "Just as I am;" a ver}- soft-boiled egg requiring one verse only, while a hard-boiled egg required six ! Life in these solitudes flows on with the proverbial stillness that suggests either depth or stagnation : we found both. At the end of six months our churches had been visited, sketched, and discussed ; yet the materials thus gathered represented but the skeleton of a subject which required a judicious amount of padding to give it a lifelike aspect. But all the raw-cotton and saw- dust of facts utilized for the purpose were in vain ; tlie desired effect seemed as far off as before. At last a clever doctor, who may be said to have felt the pulse of the subject, exclaimed: "But wliere are tlie people who worshipped in these old churches 1 " Thanks, friend ! I have taken your hint, and sought for them. But, alas ! some have been dead and buried these two hundred years, and I fear they bear no creater resemblance to their former selves than mum- mies do to the ancient Egyptians. Helen West Ridgely. IIajipton, October, 1894. An Old Map op Martlaxd. CONTEXTS. CHAPTER I. Paces The Cavalier and the Plritan'. — "Old Kext." — St. Paul's Church. — Vestrvjiex of St. Paul's. — An Old Vestrv- House. — The Kev. Stephen Bordley. — The I. U. Church. — Ejuianiel Church, Chestertown . 1-17 CHAPTER II. Old Chester." — St. Luke's, Wye. — The Tilghmaxs AXD the Lloyds. — The Rev. Thom.\s Bacon. — Henry Callister. — The Bennett Burying-Ground. — St. Luke's, Church Hill. — St. John's, Tuckahoe. — Trinity, Dor- chester County. — St. Andrew's, Somerset County. The Old Green Hill Church, Wicomico County. All Hallows', Worcester County. — St. ]Marv's, Cecil County. — A List of the Original Parishes ok the Eastern Shore of Maryland 19-;J1 CHAPTER III. The "Ark" and the " Dove."— " Old St. Mary'.s."— The Court-House Church. — An Ancient Manor. — The First Wedding. — Ancient Documents. — Rev. Dr. Bray. — The First Printing Press. — John Coode. — Rose Croft. A Midnight Escapade. — An Historic Mulberry . 35— 17 xiv Contents;. CHAPTER IV. Pages St. Maky's, Continued. — Contributions towards a Clergy- man's Support. — St. George's, Poplar Hill. — Christ Church, Chaptico. — St. Andrew's. — The Rev. Moses Tabbs' Will.- — The First Church of St. Clement's Bay Hundred. — William Bretton, Esq. — All Faith Parish. — The Cool Springs. — Calvert County. — Christ Church. — Middleham Chapel. — All Saints'. — St. Paul's, Prince George's County 49-63 CHAPTER V. Puritan Settlements. — The " Act Concerning Religion." The Quakers. — Ancient Parishes of Anne Arundel County. — St. James', Herring Creek. — The Chews 65-77 CHAPTER VI. Anne Arundel, Continued. — The South River Club. All Hallows' Church. — The Rev. Joseph Colbatch. Marley Chapel. — Odd Names. — St. Anne's Parish. The Dorseys. — Queen Caroline Parish Church, How- ard County 79-92 CHAPTER VII. Baltimore County. — Anecdotes. — Daniel Dulany. — Capt. Charles Ridgely. — The Rev. John Coleman. — Re- DEMPTIONERS AND CoNVICTS. JeREMIAH EatOn's BeQUEST. The Manor Church. — Weddings in "Ye Olden Time." Marriage Portions 93-112 Contfiits. XV CHAPTER VIII. Pages Baltimoke County, Cuxtixlku. — Uluton's Garrison. — St. Thomas' or Garrison Forest Church.— The Howards. The -Kev. Thomas Crauoi k. — Schoolmasters in " Yi: Olden Time."— A Tax ox Bachelors.— The Kev. Dk. Coke and the Methodists. — St. Thomas' Chirchyard. A List of the Oriuixal Parishes ox the Western Shore uf the Chesapeake 11.3-11'!) ILLUSTRATIONS. Pace The I. U. Church, Kent Fmnuspiece Ax Old Map of Marylaxd ix St. Paul's, Kent 7 A Picturesque Corxer, Chestertowx 10 Doorway of the Xew Ciioii;, St. Thomas' 21 St. Luke's, Wye 25 Somerset Parish Commuxiox Silver 31 Old Greex Hill Church before it was restored . . 32 Trixity Church, St. Mary's .39 Ax Old Maxor House 41 Ax Old Parsoxage riG St. James' Church, Herrixg Creek 67 St. James', Herrixg Creek, Church Silver 71 Graves of the Dick Family 82 Marley Chapel 85 Tombs of the Moale Family 102 St. James', or the ]Maxor Church Kk; St. Thomas', or Garrisox Forest Church 115 Silver beloxgixg to St. Thomas', Garrisox Forest . . 126 Cl)aptcr I. THE CAVALIER AND THE PITIITAX. — " OLD KENT." ST. PAULS CHURCH. — VESTRYMEN OF ST. PAUL'S. AN OLD VESTRY-HOUSE. — REV. STEPHEN BORDLEY. — THE L U. CHURCH. EM.MAXUEL CHUHCH. CHESTERTOWN. $ (Dlti Brick Cljuvdjts of ilarj>lautj. ^^f^^^^^ N local lii.story, the jjicturesque has gen- pi,^]^ erally taken precedence of the practical, hecaiise it first rivets the attention as an (il)ject-lesson. When details are entered into, other parts of the drama come to the front to claim their jnst position and consideration. The picturesqne in Maryland has been represented by its band of Cavaliers, \vho, in the costnme of Charles I., Avith flowing locks, pointed goatee, and erratic mustache, took all hearts captive to their bold, reckless, mem-, idle life. But fashions change ; Yandvke gives place to Kneller, and he in his turn to Sir Joshua Reynolds. Can it be that ^laryland has furnished no type of the picturesque save the Cavalier and the stately dame ? Have there been no subjects for tlie brush of a Gerard Dow, a Jules Breton, or a L'Herinite, — no examples from the life of the people, breathing tlie poetry of common things? Is there no recognition for those who have borne the burden and heat of the day, and laid the foundations of a purer social life? 4 tl)t ©Id llBricfe Cljurcljcs of iiparv^lanD. The lawlessness we generally associate with the gay Cavalier, but which, on account of hit^ amiable qualities we find it so easy to forgive, received numerous checks in Maryland from his natural enemy, the stern Pui'itan, who, as early as 1650, reigned supreme on the banks of the Severn, and supplied his quota of burgesses to the Assembly of Maryland, held at St. Mary's. The two bodies assumed a mutual hostility in 1655, when the men of Severn shouted their battle-cry, " In the name of God, fall on; God is our strength!" over- powering tlie " Hey for St. Mary's, and wives for us all ! " of their dashing opponents. Another blow to the Cavalier was dealt in 1692, when Maryland fell imder the jurisdiction of Eng- land's king, the sagacious William. St. Mary's was shorn (if her glorj- as the capital of tlie province in 1695, when she was supplanted by her liated rival on the banks of the Severn. This rival, bearing the name " Annapolis," became henceforth the hub of State affairs. At the time of William and Mary's accession, Prot- estant sects formed more than three fourtlis of the population of Maryland, but there were few worthy leaders among them. An established ministry seemed to be tlie crying need of the times, and the Episcopal, or National Church of England, was consequently adopted. Parishes were laid out, and a poll tax of forty pounds of tobacco imposed for tlie support of the ministry. Vestrymen and church wardens were (DID lunt. 5 appointed to attend to the secnlar aBairs of tlic cluirch, and to serve as guardians of the public morals. The ancient manor houses, now scattered through the lower counties of Maryland, are so many monuments to the dejiarted glory of the Cavalier, while the old brick churches and their oftshoots, the chapels of ease, are so many witnesses to the vigorous growth of the people, who in some of the most important crises of our national lite, have made a stand for the public good. It is to the life of the people centring around these old brick churches that we would now draw attention. The Isle of Kent, on the eastern shore of the Chesa- peake, is the spot where the seed of cluuvhmanship was first sown. Kent was represented in the Virginia Assembly by Captain Nicholas Martin, before Lord Bal- timore's charter was granted, and before Maryland re- ceived her name. It became later the subject of contest between Lord Baltimore and Colonel William Claiborne, who had purchased it from native kings, and had formed a Protestant settlement there as early as 1G30. Like Kent iu England, which was the first to be con- quered l)V tlie Anglo-Saxon, Kent in Maryland was the iirst to fall before the power of the invader, and Clai- liorne, with his followers, was obliged to flee. Their lands were confiscated, and among those who suffered exile was the Reverend Richard James, who retin-ned to England, and died at the house of Sir Richard Cotton, in 163S. The traditions of Episcopacy were not destroyed. 6 t\)t MH 115ricfe Cl)urtl)fs of sl9ariilanD. however, and as early as 1650 we find Kent Island in possession of a church whose successor, built of English brick on a granite foundation, was standing as late as 1880, in a grove of venerable oaks near Broad Creek, an inlet of the Chesapeake. Christ Church at Stevensville, about a mile and a half distant, is })artly constructed from the brick of this ruin, and rears its head in proud consciousness of lineal descent from the first authenticated church edifice in the province. This seems a strange statement to make in the face of prevailing Roman Catholic traditions, but it is true. The Catholic Lord Projirietary, although he had the power to license the erection of churclies, was obliged, bv tlie terms of the charter, to see that "the same should be dedicated and consecrated according to the ecclesiastical laws of England;" and as the laws of England were at that time antagonistic to the Roman Catholic Church, the Jesuits contented themselves with building chapels. The Isle of Kent has ever been noted for the beauty of its scenery and the wealtli of its waters, and it is thought to be the only place of settlement of the col- onists on the Eastern Shore before the year 1652. At this time we find Colonel Richard Bennett and Edward Lloyd making a treaty of peace with the Susquehanna Indians, by which the latter gave up "all land lying from the Patuxent to Palmer's Island," — now Watson's, — "on the west side of the Chesapeake Bay, and from the Choptank River to the northeast branch which lies St. Paul's, Kent. §>t. paul'g CljuicU. 7 to the iiortli (if the VAk IJivcT on the eastern side of" the bay." The name of Edward Lloyd and his estate t. pnul's. 9 Thomas Smith jipjicars on the rccm-ds as Colonel Tlioiiias Smytlie. He was the L;ran(ls(in of Sir 'riioiiias Siintlic, 'ri'easiircr ot" the VirlD Dfstrv Dousf. 13 cliaracter of towns, and the state of society was feudal. Among customs repugnant to modern ideas was that which sanctioned the corporal punishment of servants. A case is on record where the jury found that the pun- ishment of a maid-servant, although not the cause of her death, was " unreasonable, considering her weak estate of body," and the court imposed a fine of three hundred ])Ounds of tobacco fur the " unchristianlike punisluncnt." The rod used on the occasion was from a peach-tree, which shows that Kent was then, as it is now, a fruit-growing country. With William the Third the cane came into vogue, and we may picture to our- selves inisciblc gentlemen of the old school shaking their canes at refractory subjects. A few vards from St. Paul's Church stands the vestry- house bearing the date 17GG in I)rick mosaic on its south side. Here the ve.strv held their courts, and an indica- tion of the nature of some cases coming under their jurisdiction is found in an extract from the Parish Records, dated Feb. 10, 1G!J.5 : "Likewise ordered by this vestrv that the churcliwardciis adiiioiiisli Ivlward Plesto and Elizabeth North to live separately." WHien admonitions failed, the parties were sunnnoned to ap- pear l^efore the vestry, and if they still persisted in their wav, they were finally handed over to the civil authori- ties to be punished according to law. The vestrA'-room was a place of social as well as business meeting for those who perhaps never met their neighbors excepting on Sunday. Here the men may have negotiated the 14 tl)( *@lD 515rtch CljurcljfS of tl^arvHauD. sale of their crops, ami joined the women at a fruyal repast, indnlginy in a bit of gossip around the blazing logs. The colonial church was never heated. Before the vestry-house was built, vestry meetings took place at private houses or at the court-house, wliicli stood first at New Yarmouth and afterwards at Ciiester- town. Every court-house had its " ordinary," a place licensed to sell liquors, for which the rates were fixed by the court. In 1686 on the court-house wall of New Yarmoutli was posted the following list of drinks : — Lbs. of Tobacco. Brandy per gall 100. Eum per gall 080. Brandy Burnt per gall 100. Cider per gall 020. Quince drink & Perry per gall 025. Slierry wines per gall 120. Port wines per gall 060. Claret & white wine per gall 060. Canary per gall 150. A Bowl of Punch with one quart of Rum & Ingre- dients per gall 040. Ditto Brandy per gall 060. Madeira per gall 076. Molasses beer per gall 012. Mault beer — strong — per gall 020. The first rector of St. Paul's was the Rev. Mr. Vander- bush, who was chosen by two members of the vestry commissioned to engage him for a year for the sum of eight thousand pounds of tobacco. He died in 1G96, when Governor Nicholson sent to svxcceed him the Rev. Stephen Bordlev, with the following form of installation, which was at that time used in Maryland: — The Dearer hereof is Mr. Stephen Bordley, who is sent by the Right llou'blc and Right Rcv'd Father in God, Henry Lord Bishop of London, in order to oiriciate as a elergynian of thi- Church of Enirland in this his Majestie's Province of Maryhmd ; I do tlierefore, in his Majestie's name appoint the same Mr. Stephen Bordley to officiate as a clergyman of the Church of England in the Parish of St. Paul's in Kent county. Given under°my hand and Seal at the Port of Annapolis, the 23d day of June, in the 9th year of the reign of our Sovereign Lord William the third, by the grace of God, of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, King, defender of the Faith, Ac, Anno Domini, 1697. _ .^ ' Francis Nicholson (Seal) To the Vestrymen of St. Paul's Parish, Kent Co. — These. The Rev. Stephen Bordley died in 1709. His influ- ence, like that of other good pastors, seems to have infused into the church a store of vitality which enabled it to survive periods of religious famine and moral depression. Other entries on the ohurcli records show that the collections taken up at Christmas, Easter, and Whit- sunday went to defray the cost of wine used at the Holy Communion. We here learn also that after 1715, when the Hanoverian succession was threatened hy the Pre- tender, vestrymen took an oath of "Allegiance and Abhorrency," and continued to take the "Test Oath," which excluded Catholics from office. The oath of Allegiance and Abhorrency is as follows : — 16 t\)t ©ID ^rirk Cljttrtljcs of illBtUDlanD. I, A. B. do swear that I do from my lioart abhor detest & abjure as impious & heretical that damnable doctrine & position that princes excommunicated or deposed by the pope or any au- thority of the Sec of Rome may be deposed or murdered by their subjects or any otiier whatsoever & 1 do declare that no foreign prince or prelate, state or potentate hath or ought to liave any jurisdiction, power, superiority or authority ecclesiastical or spiritual within the Kingdom of G' Britain or any of tlie domin- ions thereto belonging, so lielp me (iod. St. Paul's Church was rebuilt in 1713, and we have reason to believe that the same walls are now standing, as their dimensions and structure conform to a descrip- tion recorded at that time. By it, we learn that tlie church was forty feet loui^- by thirty feet wide and six- teen feet liiffh. The walls were two and a lialf In'icks tliick, and there was " a circle at the east end." The first (Hiapel of Ense of St. Paul's Pari.sh, now known as the I. U. Church, originally bore the name of Saint Peter ; but it seems tlint the saint was less honored than one John Usidon, a considerable landowner, whose initials decorated a sign-post at the cross-roads where the chapel stood. Of the church built in 17(iS no trace is left ; the present one represents tlie })arisli of I. U., created about the year 1802, l)ut now only interesting, as are some individuals, on account of ancestry. A large 1. U., in a different colored brick on tlie chancel end, is the badge entitling it to consider- ation, while the fine old pines clustered around it are like faithful retainers, striving to conceal the defects of an unworthy offspring. Cmmanurl Cljurtl;. 17 At Chestertowu is a clmrcli, finislicd in 1770, jis a Chapel of Ease to the I. U. Church. If was renK)(klk-y law the\' were tm-ced to attend, hail to drive to the spot on Satnrda\, that thev might be in time for service on Sunday, — a "Sabbath da)''s journey" being ahead of them before thev could reach home again. To rectif\ this. Chapels of Ease were built in the outlvinj'- ilistricts of laroe i)arishes ; but where two or more churches alread}' stood in tlie same area, one of them invariabh' became the parish ehincli. and the others the ('hapels of Ease, and the rec- tor was obliged to miinster in turn to each. Whenever a supplementary church was needed, it was orh Xeill, in 1775. It is a remarkable fact that these " -%;-- "ves? 22 tl)t ©ID Wtick CIjurrlKS of Si^aiTlanD. colonial rectors retained the same charge up to the time of their deatli, and with one exception lie beneath the rnins of ancient St. Paul's, better known as " Old Ches- ter," whicli stood about a mile from the town of Centre- ville, wliere the present St Paul's was erected in 1855. Two royal oaks mark tlie site of the original building, a wooden structure standing in 1655, and of its successor, which was so old as to need repairs at the time of the Establishment. A prominent vestryman of St. Paul's was Colonel Richard Tilghman of the Hermitage, wlio ad- vanced the sum necessary for the rebuilding in 16117, the vestry engaging to reimburse liim ; he also contributed liberally to the building of the Chapel of Ease at Wye, in which a large square pew near the chancel was re- served, by order of the vestry, for the use of his family. St. Luke's, Wye, is one of the quaintest of Eastern Shore churches. Seen in tlie slanting- rays of the evening sun, throuo'h a frame-work of brandling oaks, its weather- beaten brick aiid shining ivy present a jirettier jiicture tlian an engraving can reproduce. Changes have been made in tlie interior to meet the requirements of modern times. Beneath the altar lie the remains of one of the colonial rectors, whose name has iDcen lost. A stone, bearing the following inscription, stands within the chan- cel-rail, awaiting removal to tlie spot it is destined to cover : — &t. iluhc'S, ca^c. 23 BENEATH THIS STOXE LIE THE REMAINS OF THAT EMINENT AND FAITHFUL SERVANT OF GOD THE REV. ELISHA UIGGS RECTOR OF THIS PARISH FROM A. D. ITUT UNTIL HIS DEATH FEU Cth IXIH. THE MEMORY OF THE JUST IS BLESSED. Tlie cliuroli, at one time, fell into disn.se on account of its dilapidated condition, and a new St. Luke's was built at Queenstown, a few miles distant. Bi.sliop Wliit- tingliani, however, finding tlie venerable structure given up to the beasts of the field, literally drove these living proofs of the " abomination of desolation " from the spot, and afterwards used his influence to lia\e it re- stored to its proper uses. In 1S,")4 the whole building, " fitlv framed, compacted, and beautified," being then as strong as in the da}'s of old, was reconsecrated by the same bishop. ^Vye became a separate })ari.sh in 1859. Colonel Tilghman marrie'd Anna JFaria TJoyd, grand- daughter of the Commissioner of 1652. She was named for her grandmother, Anna Neale, who had been lady- in-waiting to Queen Henrietta ]\Iaria, and Iiad received from her the gift of a ring, which is still in the posses- sion of a lineal descendant. This ring opens with a spring, and reveals a miniature portrait of Charles I. 24 tl)e (£^lD 51Bncb Cljuirljrs of tlDaiTlanti. painted on copper. Anna Neale's oldest daughter, Henrietta Maria, though a Papist, married Richard Ben- nett, son of tlie Puritan (Joinmissioner, and after liis doatli, Philemon Lloyd, a Quaker, son i>f Edward Lloyd, the other Puritan Commissioner. Philemon settled at Wye, and Wye House has ever since been the home of the Lloyds. The oldest son of the famil}- for eight generations has been called Edward, and there are three generations of that name now living. The records of Shrewsbury, a parish two hundred years old, but with no ancient church, contain a letter written in 1721 by the Commissary of tlie Eastern Shore, the Rev. Christopher Wilkinson, inviting- the rector. Rev. James Williamson, to assist at the consecration of Wye Chapel on St. Luke's Day, October 18th, and to lodge at his house " ye night before." Talbot and Queen Anne have ever been pre-eminent for their hospitality, and as there had been a wedding in the Tilghman family the preceding week, we can imagine that the consecration of Wye Chapel was an excuse for pi'olonging the festivities. There is a say- ing in Maryland, " Ride a mile and stay a week," — a saying which may well have originated where the Lloyds, tlie Tilghraans, the De Courceys and others kept open house. Among some interesting letters written l)y the Rev. Thomas Bacon, rector of St. Peter's Parish, to " Henry Callister, merchant," is the following, dated Dover, Oct. 26th, 1756 : " We had on Saturday last at Col. Lloyds the fl Concert at Colonel Llo^'D's. 25 most delifjlitfiil concert Anicric;i can afl'nnl, my limior the first Hdillc Ix-iny- acci'iiipaiiied on the liariisiclionl ])V the taiiidus Palmer, who is the l)est natured man ot a Top liand, I ever met with." There were neither theatres nor concert-halls in ]\raryland at fliat time, bnt wealthv planters entertained actors and musicians, who came to them with letters of introduction, and an impromptu play or concert w^as often made practicable^ hy the concurrence of the many guests possessing talent and tdili't tor tln' (iccasion. Many of these f>ld families still preserve gowns of brocade and other rich material, antique jeuellery, and (lid portraits, which attest the truth of William Eddis' statement, made shortly before the Uevolntion, tliat " the quick importation of fashions from the motiier conntrx' is really astonishing, nor are opportunities wanting to disjdav superior elegance." lie also alludes to the varied amusements and numerous parties ot the time. Queen Anne and Talljot on tlie Eastern Shore, and Prince George's and Aime .\rundel on the Western, were, until the Revolution, the centres of refinement and festivity. The rural anni.sements then in vogue wei'e of the same character as now prevail at fashion- able country clubs. The character of inq)ortations at that time may be seen in an invoice made by Henry Callister, merchant of Wve, in 1751, which reads as follows : — 26 tl)t mn ilBiich Cljurcljcs of il^aiiUauD. Colored ginghams Bibles & Common Prayers Irish stuffs &c Gauze handkerchiefs Candlesticks & snuffers Spice mortars Black jacks Snuff boxes Chafing dishes All the green teas All sorts of Crockery &c &c. Tliere is on record also an inventory of books owned by H. Callister, as follows : — A Latin & English Dictionary Statutes of Gt. Britain & Ireland Hudibras Craddock's version of the Psalms Swift, Goldsmith, Pope, Moliere, Tom Jones History of China Observations on Ilcrculaneum. Henry Callister seems to have been a " character." In his letter-book is preserved a notice to a storekeeper to sell " no rum to James Hoxley and Sojdiia his wife, as they were rendered sick, saucy, and drunk, by which I suffered in my ci'ops and in the peace of my family." A letter addressed to the delinquents follows. l>cnrv dallistri- auD tl)C Uru. Jljomas 13acou. -( ,Iamks lloxi.i'.Y and Mapam Sophia, 1 liavo no power to bear your ill usage longer. Come settle with me and leave my ijlantation to Providence. 11. C.\Ll.lSTi:i!. (live an account of everytliintr, at your peril. II. Callistku. Give an account of tlie provisions you have over. H. Callistku. Turn off the Plantation everything that belongs to you. II. Cali.istku. Though a terror to the transgressor, II. Callister was ;i warm tVieiid to the deserving, anumg wluuii were many Acadian refugees, wlio settled on the l^astirn Shore about this time. In fact, it is said tliat he wrecked his fortunes in rendering them assistance. In one of his letters he speaks of going to read Plato to a dying friend, and his kindly nature is often manifested in his correspondence with the Rev. Thomas Bacon, whose account of a concert at Edward Llo)d's we have given. Thomas Bacon, though a good musician, is l)etter kn.-wn in Maryland liist..ry as a compiler .if hiws. Ill IT.'.T he began t(. collect in book form tlic enact- ments of every General Assendjly of Maryland, retain- iu2: the titles only of those that had been repealed. Tims the church, as well as the civil connnunity, had the whole history of legislation in the Province. In one of Thomas P,acon's letters he says, " Musick is departed from me, nn Dorchester St. Paul's, St. Michael's, J- Talbot County. Dorchester, Somerset, Coventry, Stepney, Snow Hill, > County. Somerset County. ©Ijaptcr TU. THE "ARK" AND THE ■' DOVK.- — ' OLD .ST. .MAUVS." — THE COLRT-HOUSE CHURCH. — AX AXCIEXT MAN'OU. — THE FIRST WEUDIX(;. — ANXTEXT DOCUMENTS. — REV. DR. BRAY. — THE FIRST PRINTING PRESS. JOHN COODK. — ROSE CROFT. — A MIDNKHIT ESCAPADE. — AN HISTORIC MULBERRY. $ III. [IHE "Mayflower" brought to the li;inni;li(iM nt' tlio Jesuits. 'I'll!' I'ricst's House, at I'riest's Point, on St. Inii^-oes Creek, is still in possession of the luunan C'atholies. As earl\' as Ki.'JS tlie Protestant ('atliolies worshipped in a lo<;- luit at St. ]\Iary's, and in l(ill4. after Maryhmd had become a Koyal l'ro\ incc, and the seat of f'-ovennncnt liad liccii jT reino\cd 1o .Vnnajiolis. the unused court-house, f{ a sulistantial hriek l)uihlinii' ill the t'orni of a sliort-arined cross, was Sfiven to the Kn"lisli Thinitv Cm ikii, Si. .Makv's. 40 t\)e ©Id 515ricfe CUurcljcs of iipaii'lanJ). Cliurcli. Ill 1720 the gift was confirmed by the Legisla- ture to the vestrymen of WllHain and Mary Parisli. All partitions were removed from the original structure, and a railing was placed across the east transept to form the chancel. The altar was of heavy car\ed oak, and above it was a fresco representing the " Flight into Egypt." The pulpit stood at the intersection of the cross, half- way down the church. In the iKirth iind sduth tran- septs were galleries for the negroes, reached bv outside ladders. Unfortunately for the antiquary, this church was torn down in lS2It, to satisfy a few |)ersoiis, who inherited from Puritan ancestors that sjiirit of iconoclasin which always found vent upon anything in the shape of a, cross. The resolution to demolisli this venerabl(> pile was carried at a meeting of the vestry, which an influential member, named Dr. Caleb Jones, was uiialde to attend. So (Hitraned was he at the proceeding that he never afterward took any part in church affairs. The home of Dr Jones was an old manor house on St Inigoes Creek, where his descendants now live in grateful remembrance of his virtues, and in iortunate possession of many interesting documents. On a bluff betAveen the house and the water, and in sight of Priest's Point, is the garden, whose antirpiity is attested by its gigantic box-trees with tortuous limbs. Here it was laid out two hundred and si.xty }ears ago, when Cross Manor belonged to Sir Thomas Cornwaleys, " tlie wisest and best of the g-entlemen adventurers who iTIir f-n-5t CClfDDmg. 41 c:\mo ovor in 1634."' He was a nienilx-r of tlio council, iiiul wiis cniiunissioned by Lord Baltimore tt> put dcwu Claiborne's rebellion in 1(J35, engaging iu the firist mnal battle ever fought on our shores. Cornwalevs brou^dit over more than fifty followers. Ten years later, his servants, who were Protestants, joined in Ingle's in- surrection, burning his house and fences, slaughterino- As Old JFanor IIol-se. his cattle, and injuring his property to the extent of three thousand jwunds, for which he afterwards sued InL;le. T]w first Protestant mai-riage recorded at St. 3rar>'s was I)ctween two of his servants, John Ilollis and 42 tl)t *©ID TBtic^i CUtucUrs of s^ai'vlauD. Restitutia Tiie, the ceremony being performed by the Rev. Thomas White from Virginia, " a man of good sufficiencies of learning," upon whose occasional min- istrations the Protestant settlers of St. ]\Iary's had to depend. The old brick manor house represents three periods of architecture from 1650 to 1850. Several stories are told to account for the name of this manor. One of them is that, early in the days of the Virginia Company, a party was sent to explore the rivers and creeks north of the Potomac, and as they did not return, a second party went to search for them, and found their dead bodies on the sandy beach, wliere tliey had been mur- dered by the Indians. A cross was here erected to mark their place of burial, and Cornwaleys, finding this cross, named his manor after it. Another story, equally tragic, is that Cornwaleys, while one day hunting with his dearest friend accidentally shot him. A cross was raised to his memory, and Cornwaleys ever afterwards lived a recluse. Among the precious relics jireserved at Cross Manor is the fifth volume of " A New Hi.story of Ecclesiastical Writers," translated from the French of Louis Ellies du Pin, " Dr. of the Sorbon." It was printed in London in 1693. The gold lettering on the substantial leatlier cover informs us that this book belonged to the library of " St. Marie's," which was scattered when tlie old court-house church was demolished. The Rev. Thomas Bray was chosen in 169G, by Hji- /-list pmumg pirss. 43 I^r. ( 'oinptoii, r)isli()]) (it Lniiilnii, as the iniu best littod to train till- inlaiit cliiii-cli in .Maiylaiid. Sueing tlie iiuuortaiice of parish libraries, he estabh.shed soveiiteeii upon liis arrival, contributing liljerally himself, and obtaining' assistance at home and abroad fur their sup- ])ort. Four hundred pounds of the fund was given by Princess Anne of Denmark. During the session of the Assembly of 1700, a bill, which seems to have been the joint jiroduction of the zealous Doctor and the Attorney-General, was passed unanimously by the Assembly, providing " that the Book of Connnon Prayer and administration of the Sacra- ments, with the rites and ceremonies of the Church, the Psalter and the Psalms of Dav-id, with Morning and Evening Praver, therein contained, be solemnly read by all and every minister or reader in every church or other place of public worship within this Province." Leaving quite a number of really good missionaries to cany on the work that he had begun, Dr. Bray returned to England to procure the King's sanction to this law, which a powerful Quaker influence was enlisted to defeat. His mission was successful there, as it had been during his brief stay in ^Maryland. It has been stated that Dr. Bray brought over the first printer; but thirty years earlier the Parliamentary Commissioners had a jirinting-press, on which was printed the " St. Marie's Gazette for the Diffusion of Godly Doctrines." A public printer was also employed in lfi89, by John Coode, " an atheist and a profligate," to is.sue a 44 ti)t MH 115ricfe Cljurcljcs of ipaii'lauD. " Declaration of Reasons for organizing an Association in Arms for the Defense of the Protestant ReHgion and for asserting the Right of King WilHam and Queen Mary to the Province of Maryhxnd and to the EngUsh Dominions." The Prayer Book of WiUiam and Mary differed slightly from that which succeeded it during the reign of the Georges. One of these, printed in 1768, is preserved at Cross Manor, and also a copy of the first American Prayer Book, printed in 1789. In this col- lection may be found a " Discourse on Confirmation," by Jeremy Taylor, printed in 1663, and also a work on the " Great Necessity and Advantage of Publick Prayer and Frequent Communion," by W. Beveridge, D. D., Lord Bishop of London. A clew to the ancestry of Dr. Caleb Jones, of Cross Manor, is found here in an old book, printed in 1700, whicli bears the following title : " The Mysteries of Opium, revealed by Dr. John Jones, Chancellor of Llanlaff, a Member of the College of Physicians of Lon- don and formerly Fellow of Jesus College in Oxford." On the fly leaf is inscribed the name of Matthias Jones, " Olim et de jure Glendower." Matthias was a turbulent descendant of the " irregular and wild Glendower " who kept Wales in a ferment while Henry IV. was absorbed in his scheme of chasing the pagans in the " holy fields." He joined in the disastrous rebellion of Monmouth, and was forced to fly the country. Taking refuge in Maryland, he bought Dr. Calrb 3 ones. 45 a part of Cross Manor, which is still in possession of his descendants. At the time of the Revohitiun, the Tory branch of the Jones family emig-rated to Nova Scotia, while Caleb's father, a younper son, adhered to the patriot canse. The following extract is from a cojiy of the oath taken by Caleb when, in 1835, he joined the Twelfth Regiment of the State Militia as surgeon : — I. ('al('l) Monis Jones, do swear that I do not hold myself bound in allej;iance to the King of (Jreat Britain, and that I will be faithful, and bear true allegiance to the .State of Maryland, so help me God. I, Caleb Jforris Jones, do solemnly swear that 1 will su]i]iort the Constitution of the United States, so lielp me Gotl. I, Caleb Jones, do most sincerely declare that I believe in the Christian religion. Another light is here thrown upon the past by a volume called " Lex Mercatoria ; or, ]\Ierchant's Direc- tory and Complete Guide to all Men of Business, wJK'ther as Traders, Insurers, Remitters, Bankers, Owners. Factors, Freighters, Supercargoes, Captains, Agents." This book fell into the hands of Dr. Caleb Jones as executor of one Daniel Wolstenholrae, a gentleman who was at one time Collector of the Port of St. Mary's, and one of the committee appointed in 1765 to formulate in- sti'uctions for the members of the Stamp Act Congress, 46 t[)C (©Id llBricb Cljurcljcs of iBarvHauD. His home, a romantic spot known as Rose Croft, fur- nished a charming background for some of the scenes depicted by John P. Kennedy in his novel, " Rob of the Bo^yl." Rose Croft descended to Daniel Wolstenholme Camp- bell, whose parents, George and Aim, rest in the Rose Croft burying-ground, not far from the house, which has been altered, from the Dormer-windowed abode of the novelist, to an ordinary liouse with front and back porch. Its antiquity is indicated by the end walls of brick laid in a bond peculiar to the time, and the sides of frame, — a fasliion prevailing when brick was brought from England, and used sparingly. The ground-floor of Rose Croft remains unaltered. It was in its spacious lialls that Daniel Wolstenholme Campbell, in the early part of this century, indulged in the general conviviality of his day. A story is told of a reckless party assembled here, who, to settle a bet, gal- loped off in the dead of night to the churchyard of St. Mary's, and with pickaxe and shovel, liy the light of a torch, opened the Avay into the vault of a colonial gov- ernor. This dignitary and his wife were fount ('liiinli. hi Imtli (liiurlics tliu VLStr\ - nioiu is (111 oiR' silk', iit-nr the entrance. In tlic rear nt' ( 'Inist ('linrdi ts :i tonil) of tlic Key liiiniK, whose progenitor was instrumental in Imilding till- clnireli. and wliosc homestead stands ncai- the conrt- lioiise at Leonardtown ; and to the ri^'ht is l)Uiicd an eccentric, ^vllo recpicsti'il to lie "planted in an n|)i-it|lit position. " The Uev. Moses Tabhs, rector of St. Georfre's. I'oplar Hill, is also buried here, and the bill for his funeral expenses is as follows : — ihe DeciiiIS 177G :\rr Homl Dr To Mr Mosses Tabs^ burial To the Minister 0:0 Clerk 4 : G Ground 15 : Grave Digging 6 : G Invitation 10 : bell 3:0 Watchman 8 : " Pall 1 - " - 3-13-0 Recv"' of Mr W" Bond the above in full pr Jacob Dieoel, Sexlon of Christ Church. The Boston fire occuiTed during th(> T\ev. ^Foses Tal)bs' rectorship, and in a letter Avritten by him to Governor Sharpe in 17G0 he mentions having handed over to the sheriff the sum of £17 lbs. 4r/., collected at the Pojdar Hill Ghurch for the sufferers by that fire. 56 tl)c ©ID lierirk CljuiclKS of tiaarDlanD. The will of the Rev. Moses Tabbs, brought to probate June 8th, 1779, mentions his "good, dear, and beloved wife, Sarah Tabbs," to whom he leaves tlie use of a plantation, called " Tabbs' Purchase," for the mainte- nance of herself and children, Avitli " the horses, black cattle and stock of eveiy kind, corn, tobacco, household An Old Pahsosaoe. {'iirnlture and plate as it now stands ; together with the use of the following negroes ; Nan and old Nell, Clem- ent and Phyllis Toby and Hannah, Duke and Jenny." These possessions constituted a man's wealth in patri- archal days. He also wills that his " Dear & beloved wife bind out to trade, Theoijhilus, Thomas & Daniel i^icDrrir, tl)C Last of tljr LoiDs piopnrtarv'. 57 Tubbs that they may be renclei-ed caj)able, by God's blessing, to pi'oeure an honest Uvehhood ; " and fiulher he desires that his son Ijuitmi shall "have learning enough either for a Protestant Minister, Lawyer, or Physician." His son Georoe was to inherit the home place, the family honors, and the plate, ■when it shonld please God to siunmon his " good, dear and well-be- loved wife out of a world of pain & sorrows to his Eternal rest." He adds, " My will & last testament is that she do faithfully and conscientiously and impar- tiall}- distribute the surviving negroes, together with the whole fortune she shall die possessed of, Justly and honestly to the above-mentioned cliildriMi, according to their beliaviuv." Dr. Barton Tabbs was the executor of the parson's will, wliich leads us to infer tliat it had been made some years before his deatli, and that the son, intended by him for a profession, liad obe}ed his father's wishes. Tabb.s' Purchase was a portion of his Lordship's manor of Snow Hill. Frederic, tlic last and the worst of the Lords Proprietary, cared nothing ft>r the province, for whose welfare his ancestor, Cecil Calvert, had labored so faitlifidly; and, in course of time, Snow Hill and other lands reserved for tlu- Lord Projirictary's use were put into tlic liaiids of connnissioners to be disposed of, in order to raise money for his dissipations. Chaptico was also one of the baronial manors l)elong- in"- to thf Calvoi-ts Tliroutrhout that section of the coimtr\ are to be I'ound old homes associated with his- 58 t^c Mn llBrich Clnircljcs of 3l9ari'lanD. toiic times, and the old Thomas place, called Deep Falls on account of its terraces, is an interesting spot about three miles from the church. To the west of Leonardtown, the county seat of St. Mary's, is to be found one of the few brick structures remaining- to the Roman Catholics from the colonial period. This is the quaint little chapel of St. Francis, erected by Father Ashley in 1767. The first place of Roman Catholic worship in Maryland was an Indian building made of bark, called a " witchott," which they found at the village of Yaocomoco ujjon fii-st landing, and adapted to tlie ritual of their church. Their first chapel of any prominence was not built until 1661, when " Wm. Bretton Esqr. with the good liking of his dearly beloved wife Temperance Bretton," " to the greater honor and glory of Almighty God, the ever Immaculate Virgin Mary and all saints," granted to tlie Roman Catholic inhabitants of Newtown and St. Clement's Bay and their posterity, an acre and a half of ground for a chapel and a cemetery. This record is of interest ; for although the chapel of St. Ignatius has long since disappeared, the ceme- tery is undoubtedly the same that one passes on the way to the Bretton JManor House, a mile or tw^o further down the Neck. This house belongs to the priests, and is now occupied by a tenant, who farms the land and opens the chapel of St. Francis to visitors. The house was originally one story high, with a curb roof, as is shown by a seam in the brick on tlie gable CClilliam 13rftton, Csn. 59 end. Tlie foundations of a former dwi^'lliny c-an be traced, in very dry weather, between the chapel and the manor liouse; and there the worthy couple, AVilliam and Temperance, probably lived when the deed of Kiiil was signed. Tlie land lies between St. Clement's I3ay and Britton's Bay, and is known as Beggar's Neck, probably from the tradition that William Bretton died in povert}'. His son and daughter are on record as lia\ing received alms; but the latter years of his life are veiled in mystery, and the causes of his reverses unknown. It seems indeed the irony of fate that a man who had been a large landholder, a public benefactor, a soldier at St. Inigoes Fort, a register of the Provincial Court, and a clerk of the Assembly of 1650, should have dropped so completely from the ken of man, and that his children should have been found begging their bread. But to return to the Episcopal Church. Another ancient parish, situated in St. Mary's County and having an "old brick church," is "All Faith," which belonged to Calvert when tliat county extended on both sides of tlie Patuxent Kiver. The first church was already standing in 1G92. Its successor occu- pies the same site at the fork of Tient Creek, not far from the ^lilitary School at Charlotte Hall, where the earliest known springs of the State, called the "Cool Springs," were situated. The first vestrymen on record were Captain James Keech, John Smith, Tvichnrd Southern, John (iillnin, Charles Asheam, and 60 tl)c *I^lD XBrirfe Cimrcljrs of sparvHanO. Captain R. Gardiner. The name of Captain James Keecli reappears in a doennient dated Jnne 4th, 169S, whicli throws some lig-Iit upon one of the good deeds of a royal governor of the province. It runs as follows : — " Mr. Philip Lyiies appearing at the board and giving an ac- count of some extraordinary cures lately wioiiglit at the ' Cool Springs,' St. Mary's County, and that several poor peo}jle flocked thither to recover their health, his excellency the governor is to send and give to those poor people at the Cool Springs ten Bibles there to remain. His excellency the governor also orders that Captain James Keech and Mr. Philip Lynes do jno- vide some sober person to read prayers there twice a day, and is pleased to lend the person who reads prayers a book of Homilies, two books of family devotions and a book of reformed devotions by Dr. Theophihis Darringtun, out of which books he is to read to them on Sundays. Further ordered that the said Captain Keech acquaint Captain John Dent, who is the owner of said house and land, that if he be willing, his excellency will have made a read- ing desk and some benches to be placed in the new house there for the use of the poor people there gathered together. His ex- cellency is pleased also to allow to the said people every Sunday a mutton and as much corn as will amount to thirteen shillings a week. " Ordered that the person who reads prayers take an account of what persons come thither who are cured and of what distempers." Before introducing to the reader the brick clinrches of Calvert Coimty, " lying east side of Patuxent," a few words should be said about the county itself. Erected in 1654, at a time wdien rival factions were contending on its borders, it became in 1672 the scene of a great Cbrist Churrl), CalUrrt Cotiiuv'. 61 religious awakening'. Tliis was owing to the preaching of George Fox, the Quaker, and all classes and all sects flocked to hear him, and when he returned to Enoland, in 1G73, the need of spiritual masters was more than ever felt. A letter written by the Rev. John Yeo in 1G7G, urging the necessity of more tdergy being sent to the i)rovince, failed to call forth a response from England, and it was not till 1(!86, after the Archbishop of Canterbury had been aj^pealed to by a woman, — ilarv Tanev, the wife of Michael Taney, the county sheriff, — that the matter was considered seriously, and the Rev. Paul Bertrand was sent over, his expenses being j)ald from the secret service fund of the King-. A church had already been built on ground given by Mr. Francis Maiden out of his tract called " Prevent Danger." This was the predecessor of Christ Church. Two brick buildings have succes-sively occupied this site ; the first was of brick brou"-ht from England in 1732, and the second was built by Colonel Alexander Somervell about the vear 1772. Chri.st Church Parish celebrated its bi-centennial in 1892 ; and, during the services held at the church, a Bible was used, which wns two hundred and twentv A-ears old. An existing document refers to a register of births, deaths, and marriages, dating back to 1072, which, with other records, is supposetl to have perished in one of those court-house fires, which have been so disastrous to our local historv- 62 tl)t ©ID 5l5rich CUurcljcs of t^arvlanD. The names of the first vestrymen were as follows : — Richard Smith. Capt. John Clagget. Henry Fernley. Francis Malden. John Manning. Samuel Hollingsworth. The Rev. Henry Hall, wlio died in charge of St. James', Anne Arundel County, in 1723, was rector <>f Christ Church from 1G95 to 1697. Middleham Chapel, in the same parish, was rebuilt in 1748. It retains a quaint old bell given by John Hold- worth to the first chapel in 1699. A second parish, laid out in Calvert County in 1692, on the east side of the Patuxent, is "All Saints'," which also possesses an old brick church. The first vestrymen of this parish were : — Walker Smith. John Scott. William Nichols. John Leech. AViLLUM Turner. John Hause. Another 2>arish, in what is now known as Prince George's County, is that of St. Paul's, and the church is the same alluded to in the court proceedings of Feb. 14tli, 1692-93, as "the church being built at Charles- Town." It has been altered and enlarged, till it bears slight resemblance to its sisters of the same age. It is cruciform, and on its west front is an iron sundial of antique design, bearing the motto, " Sic transit gloria nuindi." It possesses an interesting- relic in the marble font, which is said to have been presented by Queen popiilnr Dflusion. 63 Anno. Tlii.s font was sent to Knyland for repairs, atur liaving gone through tlie war of the Kcvohitioii, and it is still in use. The stained-glass chancel window was presented by the Rev. John H. Chew in uienior\ of liis distinguished relative, Bi.shop (.laggett, who was twice rector of tlie church. The bishop's gravestone is to lie found in the Claggett l)urial-ground, not fai- distant, and it bears a Latin inscription, written li\ Francis Scott Key, of " Star Spangled Banner" fame. A late rector of this parish says that it covers an area of sixty square miles; that within its boinidaries there is not anotlicr resident minister of religion of any denomination, and tliat there are over two hundred conniuniicants. lie adds that " it is not an unconnnon delusion to thiid< of the Roman Catholic Church of Maryland as altogether in the ascendant." To dispel this delusion one has onlv to visit the rural districts of Maryland, and to study the history of its old brick churches. €l)aptcr V. ITIMIAX SETTLEMENTS. — THE "ACT CONCEIIXIXG KELIUIOX. ■ — THE (QUAKERS. — ANCIENT PARISHES OE ANNE ARUNDEE COLNTY. — ST. JAMES', HERRING CREEK. THE CHEWS. $ /tsr5vi'K liave seen the beginnino-s of Anjilo- ("atliolic Kent, of Koiiiiui ( 'atliolic St. % Mar>'s, and now we will glance at ^^1 Puritan Anne Arundel, tu- Providence, as it was called by its grateful settlers, flying from religious intolerance in Virginia. The year 1649 marks the arrival on the banks of the Severn River of a small l)and consisting of al)ont ten families, under the leadership of Richard I'eiinett. The celebrated " Act Concerning Religion '' was passed by the Marvland Assembly that same year. It embodied the distinctive features of Puritan legislation in Eng- land regarding the observance of Sunday ; and dancing, vaulting, archerv, and other sports that had been allowed during the reign of Charles I., were pro- hibited on that day. Tile "Act" also jirovided for tlif protection of all ('liristian sects in the exercise of their religion, and forl)ade a disparaging use of the words Tlcretic, Schis- matic Idolater, .Icsnif. Papist. Piiest. Presbyterian, In- dependent, Lutheran, Paptist, iirownist, Antinomian, P>urrowist, Brownist, Roiuid Head, or anv other secta- rian name, and imposed a line ot ten pounds for the trans<>;ression of this law. 68 tljr ©ID IBrick Cl)urcl)cs of i^ar^'lanD. For si^eaking disrespectfully of the holy apostles or saints, or of the Virgin Mary, the first offence was a fine, the second whijiping- or imjJi'isonment, and the third banishment. To deny the Trinity was punishable with death ; but there is no evidence that this last clause was ever carried into effect. In 1650 another influx of Puri- tans arrived, headed by Robert Brooke, who seems, in the present era of genealogical research, to have more descendants in search of their ancestral link than any other personage in the State. Tliis is not surprising, as he brought with him eight sons and two daughters, many of whose descendants achieved public distinction. He had from the Proprietary a grant of two thousand acres on the Patuxent River, and was made by his charter commander of Charles County, having absolute feudal supremacy over his colony. Anne Arundel County at this time was under the commandership of Edward Lloyd, who had received his appointment from William Stone, the Protestant Governor of Maryland ; but the settlers of Providence had brought the Puritan system of church government with them, and Bennett and Durand were their pre- siding elders. A meeting-house was built near the Magothy River, and Mr. Philip Thomas, then a strict Puritan, but later a leader of the Quakers, lived on the premises, and guarded the sanctuary. The more Orthodox among the Patuxent settlers removed to Anne Arundel, and here were for some time preserved the characteristics t\)( Ufins of <3otinninriu in pmitaii UaiiDs. Gi) of riiiitaiiism, wliicli were lost iiiuler a system of" t'cuilal laws and inaiioiial courts in the settlement of the first ("liarles County. The oath of fidelity to the Lord Pioprietar\- was modified in l(i.")() l)v another Aet of Assemldv, and the words "' A1)S(dute Lord" and " Roval Jurisdiction," which stuck in the Puritan throat, A\crc cxjiunged. From this year the Roman Catholic power declined, and ^laryhuul liecanie largely Protestant. For eight years the reins of government were in Puri- tan hands, till matters were finally adjusted to tlu- liking of these trouble.some subjects of Cecil, Lord IJaltiinorc. After this the Puritans of Anne Arundel gave the Pro- prietary no trouble, and in KISM, wlien the Protestant Revolution broke out, they hIoml' refused to sign the petition to their Majesties, William and ^lary, to repeal his charter. Close in the wake of the Puritans followed the Quakers, who. like them, liad been })ersecuted else- where. Slowly and quietly this thrifty and peace-loving people won the favor of the colonists; and in 1065 we find the very men holding minor offices, who had been complained of as " vagabonds and seditious persons," because they refused to sit on juries and take the oath, or serve in the militia. They were relieved from taking the oath in testamentary cases, and were permitted to wear their hats on all occasions ! The first house built for the "Yearly Meeting" of " Friends " was at West River, where an interesting 70 t\)C (©10 IBricb Cljurcljrs of £13aiiUanJ). old graveyard is still to be seen. Tlie Galloways, Murrays, Chestons, Chews, and others, who afterwards became influential members of the Episcopal Church, attended this " meeting-house." In 1672, when George Fox preached in Anne Arun- del, the Puritan meeting-house was thrown open to him, for many of those who were stanch Puritans ten years before were now zealous Quakers. Sometimes this had been effected by marriage, as in the case of Samuel Chew, whose wife, Anne Ayres, was of that faith. It was in this part of the province where stern Pu- ritanism was softened by contact with tlie gentle Friend, that four Church of England parishes were laid out in 1692, and here are to be found at present three brick churches dating from colonial times. These churches represent the parishes of St. Margaret's Westminster, of All Hallows', and of St. James ; but these localities, kiu)\vn originally as Broad Neck, South River, and Her- ring Creek, had their places of worship before 16'J2. The Rev. Duell Pead, of South River, afterwards All Hallows' Parish, performed the rites of baptism at An- napolis in 1682 iind in 1(100 In l(]i^?, he preached be- fore both houses of tlie Assembly, whicli was held that year at the " Ridge" in Anne Arundel County. The records of St. James', or Herring Creek Parish, show that at a meeting of the vestry held on the 1st of April, 1695, it was ordered thnt tlie sheriff pay Morgan Jones eight hundred pounds of tobacco for "covering the old church iind finisliing the inside »>t. liiinrs', Drninc; Ciffk. accordiiifj to afj-reenient," — ;i cuniliisive faft tliat lliere was a cliiircli Ijft'orc tlif parishes were laid out in 1(192. At another meeting, held im the 2'Jth of April, it was ordered that a eliiuch l)e built "forty feet l)y twenty-four, and twelve feet high ; " i)ut this order was not carried out luitil 1717. when the vestrymen ''or- dered, and in 171s jiaiil fur, twenty tlnuisaiid liiieks made u[)on the glel)e." 'I'his glebe was aecjuiretl by St. .James', Ueruing Creek, Chukch Silvek. the chureh in 1707, when an Act of Asseni])ly was passed for investing the vestrymen of St. James' Parish, Anne Arundel County, with certain lands given to said parish by 'Mr. James Rigby, and Elizabeth, his wife, both deceased. In 1760 the church was again rebuilt, and is still standing. It is nearly sqnare, and has a hip roof like the one on the present All Hallows' Church, which dates from about 1722; but while the latter is oi)en inside to 72 tljc #ID llBrtth Cl)urtl)rs of £|9arv'lanD. the roof, St James' lias a vaulted ceiling spanning the building and slanting off at the ends to harmonize with the conformation outside. There are t\yo aisles, and three sections of square pews with doors. The win dows, with their deep embrasures, are rounded at the top, and in most of them the small panes are still preserved. There are two stained-glass windows in the chancel, and the corners near it are boxed off into vestry-room and choir, — which necessary contriv- ances mar the effect of the otherwise perfect interior ; they, moreover, hide the tablets containing the Lord's Prayer and the Creed, which, with the Ten Command- ments covering the space between the chancel win- dows, were i)robably procured with the legacy of £10 given in 1723 by the wife of William Locke, Esq., " towards adorning the altar of St James with Creed, Lord's Prayer, and Ten Commandments." The altar in those days often meant the enclosure within the chancel rail, wliich in this church extended originally across the east end. William Locke himself gave money for a silver basin or baptismal bowl, which is now one of the four pieces of which the church plate consists. It bears the date of 1732, and also the name of the donor, with the word "Armigeri" after it; but what was his coat of arms we do not know. The alms basin was the gift of the rector, the Rev. Henry Hall, who died in 1723. The other pieces look as if they might be of an earlier date, and all are men- Mljtppmg post iinO stocks. 73 tioneil in the cIiuitIi inventories of 174.S and \7't'2, when they weri' placed in care <»i the vestry. Ani(in<^- the articles mentioned on the list of 17.")'2 was a fla^-on, which has disajipeared, and also " one hood," which indicates that a man of leaniinir had lieeu in charo-c of the parish Such are the sij^'ns ol prosperity and honor in this parish; but an order entered on the church records for whipping-post and stocks shows that it possessed also these iiistnnnents of shame, as did many paiisjies at tliat time, where vestrymen exercised judicial power, and churchwardens adnunistered punishment on the spot. The minister of the parish, who was chief vestryman, was obliged, under penalty of a fine, to read from the chancel four times a year the laws concerninor Sabbath breaking, drunkenness, swearing, and other offences. The vestrymen generally occupied together a place of honor in the church, thus impressing the community with tlieir dignity and authority. In the graveyard of St. James' is a slab raised in IGHf) to a nameless woman, whose virtues in life and whose departure to realms f)t the blessed inspired tlu; following lines : — This register is for her bones Her fame is more per]K>tual than the stones And still her virtues tliough her life be gone Shall live v.hen earthly monuments are none Who, reading this can chuse but drop a tear For such a wife and such a Jlother dear She ran her race and now is laid to rest And allalugie sings among the blest. 74 t[)c i©lJ) 315ricb Cljurcbrg of a)9arv'lanD. The Rev. Henry Hall also lies in St. James' church- yard, under a horizontal slab mounted on a brick foun- dation. Another slab, flat to the ground, bears tins inscription : — Here lies the body of the Hon. Seth Biggs Esq. who departed this life & was interred the 31^'' OF July 1708 in the 55tii year of iils age. No tombstone of the Chew family is found in this graveyard, althougli the estate of Samuel Chew was near Herring Bay, and in liis will he styles himself Samuel Chew of Herrington. In 16GU he was sworn in as one of the justices of the Chancery and Provin- cial Courts. A land writ, issued to him in 1650 by the Lord Proprietary, calls him his " Lordship's well- beloved Saml. Chew, Esq.," and his name appears in both Houses of Assembly until 1G76, the year of his deatli. His grandson. Dr. Samuel Chew of IVIaidstone, an estate near Annapolis, married twice into the Galloway family of Tulip Hill, West River. He afterwards re- moved to Dover, and was crejited Chief-Justice of the three lower counties of the Province of Pennsylvania, now included in the State of Delaware. He was called the fighting Quaker, and his vigorous speech on the lawfulness of self-defence is celebrated in verse by a local poet of the time, as follows : — Immortal Chew first set our Quakers right ; He made it plain they might resist and fight; And gravest Dons agreed to what he said, And freely gave their cash for the King's aid, For war successful, and for peace and trade. &amurl Chrto, t!ir i^igljting Oiiabrr. 70 The Asseniljly fur tlio lower counties passed a militia law, with [)n>visioii for arms, ammmiitioii, etc., which the Quakers endeavored to frustrate hy declaring- it "contrary to their {-harter and privileges." The ( 'hit-f- Justice sustained the law, for which he was expelled from tlif Quaker comnnniity. In a leading gazette ot' tlic time appeared an article from his pen, wliich might be called an Essay on the Theory and Practice of Toleration. " New sects," he .says, " are all aljle clearly to prove that matters of judgment and opinion, not being under the power and direction of the will, ought to be left free and unmolested to all men; but once installed and con- tirnied, we too often find that those very people who have contended for liberty of conscience and universal toleration become more clear-sighted, and soon discover the necessity for uniformity in matters of religion. The people called Quakers," he says, " are a surinising ex- ample of this spirit of peace and charity maintained as long as they had occasion for it ; that is, as long as they were oppressed and persecuted ; . - . but in process of time, having grown Rich and Powcrfull, they extend their Jurisdiction, and carry their claim so high as, for differ- ences concerning even speculative matters, to exclude persons from their society with hard names, and other marks of bitterness worth}- of the Pope himself. . . . Their bulls of exconnnunication are as full-fraught with fire and brimstone and other church artillery as those even of the Pope of Home." 76 t[)e ©li) llBiicb €l)iin\)cs of spar^lanD. Samuel Chew was the father of Benjamin, the illus- trious Chief-Justice of Pennsylvania, whose house at Cliveden, Germantown, was used as a temporary for- tification against American bullets at the time of the Revolution, creating a diversion after the battle of Ger- mantown which kept the Americans from following up their advantage. Benjamin tried to be neutral when hostilities broke out, but was thrown into confinement with John Penn, on the principle that " those who are not with us are against us." The welcome given by iiis daughters to the British officers was also a cause of complaint. Of these. Major Andre selected Peggy Chew as his " Lady of tlie Blended Rose" in the famous Mischianza Tourney and fete. The following verses addressed to her by Andre are preserved by one of her descendants : — If at the close of war and strife Mj' destiny once wore Should in the various paths of life Conduct me to this shore ; Should British banners guard the land, And faction be restrained, And Cliveden's mansion peaceful stand, No more with blood be stained ; Say, wilt thou then receive again And welcome to thy sight The youth who liids, with stifled pain, His sad farewell to-niarht ? i^fSSr Cljfto nuD il^aior Hntirr. 77 Peggy and Ilaniet Chew were borne as brides to Maryland by two distinguished characters of the time, Colonel John Eager Howard, and Charles Carroll of Carrollton, only son of " tlie Signer." The little Tory, Peggy, had at first cherished a feel- ing of bitterness to^\•ard the hero of Cowpens, because he had vanquished her beloved Red-coats ; but meeting him one night at a ball, where he stood apart, with his arm in a sling, she became interested in the silent man, who not long afterwards achieved the conquest of her heart. Years afterward her children would gather around her to listen to tales of the Revolution. One night, while their father was apparently absorbed in his Ixnik, their mother talked of Andre, tliat " most l)rilliaut and ele- gant gentleman." The Colonel rose, and striding toward the group, exclaimed, " Don't listen to her, children ! He was nothing but a dauuied .spy ! " Cljciptcr VI. ANNE ARFXDEL, Contisied. - THE SOUTH RIVER CLUB. ALL HALLOWS' CHURCH. -THE REV. JOSEPH COL- BATCH. — MARLEY CHAPEL. — ODD NAMES. ST. ANNE'S PARISH. — THE DORSEYS. QUEEN CAROLINE PARISH CHURCH, HOWARD COUNTY. $ VI. PROMIXKXT colonist of South River was the Hon. Wilhani liurgess, whose tombstone is one of the oltk-st in ]\[ary- laiid. His ej)ita]ih runs as follows: — IIkKK LYETII VE body of W. BuRGES E.-iQ, WHO DE- PARTED THIS LIFE OX YE 24 D.\V OF JaXI"., ltJ86 ; AGED .\BOlT G4 Y'E.^RS ; LKAVINci Ills DeAR BELOVED WIFE UkSLL.\ and eleven CIIILDKEN ; VIZ. .SEVE.N SONS .\ND FOIR D.\IGHTEKS, AND EIGHT (il! AXDCHILDHEX. In his LIFETIME HE WAS A MEMBER ol III- I.ORD- suip's Council of State; one of his Loudsiiip's Deputy-governors, a Justice of ye High 1'rovin- ci.\L Court, Colon, of a regiment of y'e Trained Bands, .\xd sometime (Jexeral of all ye Military Forces of this Provixce. His loving wife Ursula, his Executi-.ix, In tes- timony- OF her true respect, .\nd due regard to the Deserts of her dear deceased Husband, hath erected this MoNI'MENT. All Hallows' Graveyard, South River, is full rif these memorials, suggesting different phases of human life in the past. In one secluded corner stands an elaborate stone to the memory of Elizabeth Allein, and in another an altar tomb to '' Mv Louisa;'' on a third tablet is a 6 82 ti]t #10 liBritlj COurcIjfg of aparplanD. coat-of-arms, indicating that Samuel Peele, of" London town, who died in 1733, indulged in the " boast of heraldry and the pomp of power." On another is a Latin inscription, dated 1766, recording the virtues of Margaret, wife of James Dick, " Merchant of London town." This was doubt- less the town founded by AVilliam Burgess in 1G80 but now extinct. Li liis " Daystar of Amer- ican Freedom," George L. Graves of the Djik Family. L. Davis says : " From this town's successful rival- ship with Annapolis, during the first few years ; from the antiquity of the South River Club ; and from the superior style of the monumental inscriptions at the t\)t *>outl) Uibrr Club. 83 parish church and upon the phmtations ; I infer, the settlement, in point of intellectual culture and re- fiiiciiu-nt, upon this river, was in advance of the one upon tlie other" (the Severn). He also says that it chiefly consisted of Puritans and Anglo-Catholics. Tlie South Kiver Club-house still stands, and is now lent to the local Grangers for their meetings. IIei"e the good loyal sulyects of the King once met to drink his health on such occasions as the birth or wedding of a jji'ince, and here, no doubt, the hous vivaiifs of the day tested the best way of cooking the terrapin, the canvas-back duck, the oyster, and the soft-shell crab. Tlie menu on the most festive occasions always included pork in some form or another; a roasted "sucking pig," witli an apple in his month, was a substitute for the boar's head of old England ; and the turkey, though less picturesque than the feathered peacock, was a toothsome morsel when stuffed with oysters, boiled, and served with a good " nip of punch," which was tlie popular beverage at the time, although Madeira, in heavy cut-glass decanters, resting in silvcr-plateil coas- ters, was to be found on every gentleman's sideboard. 'Die South River Club is in easy driving distance from Annapolis, and many prominent men of " ye olden time" in Maryland belonged to it. The list of its founders is lost, but tliere exists a deed, dated 1740, which was executed between John Gassaway on the one part, and Robert Sanders as trustee on the other, confirming a previous transaction between the " Society, 84 t^c ©ID Bricfe Cl)urrl)cs of £parv'lanD. or Company, called the South River Club," and John Gassaway's father, acknowledging the receipt by the latter of eight pounds curi-ent money for the half-acre of land, and club-house standing upon it. A new clnb-house was built in 1742, and from that date a list of members has been preserved. On this list we find the names of sevei'al clergymen, — the Rev. William Brogden, the Rev. Archibald Spooner, the Rev. Mason L. Weems, — and also members of the families of Stockett, Burgess, Dick, Moore, Caton, Nicholson, Maccubbin, Hall, Lux, West, Harwood, Hammond, Stewart, Brewer, and others. Now, it is time to say something about old All Hallows' Church, South River. It is entered by the south door, and opens into a vestry-room at the west end, which was once surmounted by a bel- fry with a bell, bearing the date 1727. The floor of the aisles is tiled, and lies lower than that of the pews. The windows are double, with a segmental arch, — a style of church architecture temporarily adopted between 1720 and 1740, though now com- mon. An interesting fact connected witli tliis church is that in 1727 the Bishop of London sent for the rector, the Rev. Joseph Colbatcli, to come to England for consecration. He consented to go, but the civil authorities procured a Avrit of ne exeat, by which he was forbidden to leave the province. The church in Maryland, therefore, continued without a bishop, and the scandals among the clergy remained unchecked. X o £Barlrv' Cljapcl. 85 To show tlio fueliiii,'' against bishops, we quote the following extract from a contemporaiy writer: " Thron<>hout the Southern i)rovinces the members of the Established Church greatly exceed those of other denominations, yet I :un persuaded that any attempt to establish a hieraiehy woidd be resisted witli as much ncriinonv as during the gloomy prcvaloncy of Puritanical zeal." The original parish church of St. Margaret's West- minster stood on Severn Heights. It was destroyed hv fire many years ago, and the records perished an itli it. The foundation, surrounded by a few tombstones, alone marks the site This, with the coiiiniuiiion silver, bearing the date 171o, and a deserted ruin of a chapel in some pine woods near Marley, nine miles from Bal- timore, arc faithful relics of the past. Ruins have an advantage for the antiquary that restorations have not ; for while the construction of a church may be disturbed by many devices to arrest decav, a ruin is faithful to the original design. A de- scription of Parley Chapel may therefore throw some light Tq)on the time when it was Iniilt. The ceiling, a seo-mental arch from which nuicli of tlie ijlaster has fallen, is supported by wooden cornices, ami tlie brick- work over the doors and windows follows the same curve. Between the two windows at the east end, a stretch of cleaner plaster indicates that some of the cluu-ch furniture once stood there, — possibly a canopied pulpit, familiarly known as a "three decker;" or per- haps a tablet for the Commandments. 86 t\)C «©lD JlBricfe Cfjurcljcs of iiparvlani). The bare ground enclosed in this ruin indicates that either a brick or tile jjavenient covered the aisle, and that tlie pews were raised above this pavement and probably floored with boards. There remain only a few beams of all the woodwork. At one time the walls enclosed a stable, and now they are only useful as a sliclter for the berry-pickers who swarm in Anne Arundel County during the busy season. The aban- donment of Marley Chapel to these uses may be explained by the fact that the truck farmers of this region are generally Baptists or Methodists. A liberal patron of St. Margaret's Westminster Parish, Avas Charles Greenberry, son of Colonel Nicholas Greenberry, the emigrant of 1674. Dying in 1713, Charles left his estate of Whitehall to the clnu'ch, and one hundred years ago there was a burj'ing- ground at Whitehall, as the following extract from the parish record shows : " Be it remembered that John Ridout, Esq., a native of Dorset, England, departed this life on the 7th day of October, Anno Domini, 1797, and was buried at Whitehall, the ceremony being solemnized l)y the Rev. Ralpli Higginbottom, of St. Anne's Pari.sli." This register records also bits of personal history, like the following: "John Stinchcomb was born in 1717, and lost his nose with a fall when he was very young ; " besides many odd Christian names, such as Bignall, Umphra, Yourruth, Arretto, Comfort, Venesha, Constant, and Resen. In all probability, the clerk Avas partly fe>t. annr's JDarislj, ilunapolts. 87 responsible for their oddity, lliiiiiphrey, Uratli, and Reason being names still found in the iinal districts. In 1689 Anne Arundel County was reported as the most populous and richest of the province. The rec- ords of bt. Anne's Parish at Annapolis contain the names of many distinguished men. Sir Francis Nicholson, ■who succeeded Sir Lionel Copley as governor in 1694, gave a great impetus to the growth of the town. The act for the building of King William's School was passed in 1G92. A proof of St. Anne's honorable age as a parish is found in a set of communion plate of solid silver, made in London, in 1G95, by Francis Garthorne, and engraved with the arms of William TIL Of the tirst " body corporate for keeping good order" w^ere Nicholas Greenberry, Colonel Edward Dorsey, and Captain Richard Hill. The first session of the Legislature in 1694 was held at the house of p]dwar(l Dorsev, and again in 1706, after the State House was burned, it met there. Colonel Edwai'd Dorsey left several sons, one of whom inherited an estate at P^lkridge, Howard County, which was then part of Baltimore County. Years later Caleb Dorsey, a fox-hunting bachelor of Elkridge, was one day following the hounds, when he found himself in a part of the country he had never seen before ; and meetiufj a voung horsewoman, followed by a groom in livery, he ventured to inquire of her the way to the Annapolis road. This she did 88 ti)e ©10 llBricfe Cliurcljesi of 3parvlanD. not know, but with true filial confidence said she Avas sure her father could tell hiui, if he would accompany her to the house, which stood a little way from the road. He gladly accepted the invitation, and found Henry Hill, a veteran fox-hunter as enthusiastic in the sport as himself. Hill insisted upon Caleb's re- maining his guest for the night, in order to see how the hunt was conducted in that part of Anne Arundel County. After this, it was remarked that every fox his own liounds started up found its way into Anne Arundel, and the game he finally brought home was not the wily animal of his nominal pursuit, but a " Dear," — if the pun may be pardoned, — named Pris- cilla, who proved herself to be an admirable house- wife. At Belmont stands the house he built for her in 1738. It is still occupied by their descendants, and near bv is their family buryinsf-crround. Caleb's eldest daughter, Rebecca, married Captain Charles Ridgely of Hampton, a planter of Baltimore County, and Priscilla, the youngest, married Cliarles Ridgely Cnrnan, the Captain's nephew, and the heir to his name and estate, as he had no children. The old couple had doubtless arranged this match in accord- ance with the custom in most well-regulated families of that day. Captain Ridgely's will was law. He decreed that Charles and Priscilla should have boy children, that the descent of the estate might be through male heirs. When Priscilla, at the birth of her second child, was CDluaiJ) Dorsrp, tljc Donrst Laluv'cr. 89 asked whether a messenger sliouhl not lie despatched across country witli tlie news to her mother, slie rejihed sadly, "No; for it is only a girl." Kine girls, it was this good lady's fortune to have, but she also had three boys, and tlie present Kidgelvs of Hamp- ton trace their descent tlimugh the second son. Captain Ridgely was quite a character, and we shall have occasion to relate other anecdotes concerning him when we take up the old churches of Baltimore County. Edward Dorsey, the brother of Caleb, was called the " honest lawyer," a term not without its meaning in a day when lawyers liad a liad name. George Alsop, writing from Marvland, says: "Here, if a lawyer had nothing else to detain him but his bawl- ing, he might button up his chaps, and burn his buckram bag, or hang it on a pin till its antiquity had eaten it up, so contrar}' to the genius of the people, if not to the quiet government of the Province, is the turbulent spirit of contumacious and vexatious law ^\h]\ its quirks and evasions." Another hit at the law is found in some verses l)v P^benezer Cook, written in 17('8, entitled "The Sot- weed Factor; or, A Voyage to Maryland." Having entered into a contract for the sale of five hundred pounds of tobacco with a Quaker, " a godly knave, who neither swore nor kept his word, but cheated in the fear of God," he afterwards considered himself swindled, and thus continues : — 90 tl)C Mn IBrtcb Cl)urtljcs of £0arv'lauD. Resolved to plague the holy brother, I set one rogue to catch another ; To try the cause then fully bent, Up to Annapolis I went ; A city situate on a plain, Where scarce a house will keep out rain. St. Mary's once was in repute ; Now here the judges try their suit. And lawyers twice a year dispute, As oft the bench most gravely meet, Some to get drunk, and some to eat A swinging share of country treat. But as for justice, right or wrong, Not one among the numerous throng Knows wliat is meant, or has the heart To vindicate a stranger's jiart. The biassed court without delay Adjudged my debt in country pay ; In pipe staves, corn, and flesh of boar, Rare cargo for the English shore. It seems tliat juries in that day were also less governed by a sense of moral responsibility than by personal considerations, as is sliown in the follow- ing anecdote about Captain Ridgely's brother : ^ John Ridgely, the son of a wealthy land and furnace owner, and closel}^ connected with tlie Dorseys, was tried in Howard County for the murder of an Ii-ishman, who had been shot while trespassing on his place, but he was acquitted. One of the jurors, upon being asked 1 Harris' and McHenry's Reports mention an indictment for murder against Charles Ridgely, 1785. Jolin died in 1772, leaving a son Charles. Tradition and fact lia\e to be reconciled as best thev may. iiurrn Caroline parisl). 91 how they came to lot liini off, answered, " Why, surely, you don't tliink a jury of gentlemen woidd hano- a good fellow like Jolin Kidgely for shooting a d-^ Irishman ! " This trial took place in what is now known as Howard Count}-, a territory taken from the counties of Anne Arundel and Baltimore. An old church associated witli the names of Dorsey, Ridgely, Hammond, Worthington, GriHitli, and Howartl, and belonging to Queen Caroline Parish, is still stand- nig there. It has a handsome communion service, dating from 1748, and a Bible presented by Commis- sary Henderson, \\]\o was sent over to report on the state of the church in Maryland. The earliest entiy on the parish register was made in 1711. One has occasionally the good fortune to stumble on old letters written in those days. In one of these, written by a young merchant of Baltimore town to his ol.l uncle in London, is foimd the following allusion to the Dorseys of Elkridge : — Mr. Julai Dorsey desires that I recommend your pay of his son's draft for .£.50. He has six hosrslieads in Spencer [Captain Spencer's ship], and you will be riglit to jtay it, as great umhrar/e to that family tvouhl he given otherivise. Ely Dorsey desired that I would write that Robert Izard's draft for £10 and Benj. Brown's for £9 be paid, which pray do. . . . Captain Spencer has behaved very agreeable to people here, and I desire you will coiitimie him constant to this river (the Patapsco). Ely Dorsey and the old man are very serviceable to you, and 92 t\)c <©ID Brick CljurcljfS of iiparv'lanD. you must be very careful to oblige them. In short, thei/ are very potverful among the people. The writer continues, — The crops in Baltimore and at Elic Ridge are very good, South River and Severn but indifferent ; Patuxent, ditto ; East- ern Shore very poor. Elkridge Landing-, at the head of navigation on the Patapsco, was once the rival of Bahimore. The okl " rolhng road," down which were drawn hogsheads of tobacco, fastened to shafts contrived so as to allow the hogsheads to turn like wheels on their axles, still goes by that name. It was connected by other roads to the head-waters of the principal settlements of Bal- timore County, and when incoming ships had no cargo for the wharves of the latter, the settlers' tobacco was sent to Elkridge to be shipped to foreign ports. But of the ancient commercial centres we shall speak in another chapter. Cl)aptcr vii. BALTIMORE COUNTY. — ANECDOTES. — DANIEL DULANY. CAPT. CHARLES RIDGELY. — THE REV. JOHN COLE- MAN. — REDEMPTIONERS AND CONVICTS. JEREMIAH EATON'S BEQUEST. — THE MANOR CHURCH. — AVEDDINGS IN "YE OLDEN TIME." MARRIAGE PORTIONS. * VII. ALTI]MC)RE, like Rome, is Ijuilt on niany hills, and, like Rome, it had its Roniuhis, that title having been conferred on a physician named Stevenson, avIio, in the third decade of the eighteenth centnry, tirst drew attention to its extraordinary commercial advantages, and laid the corner-stone of its prosperity by his foresight and enterprise. And as Rome is more conspicuous in history than the neighboring ruins of Veii, and the Roman people than tliL' jiriiiiitive Etrus- cans, so Baltimore and its citizens are better knoMU than Bushtown and the early settlers along the banks of the Gunpowder and the Pata])sco Rivers ; Ijut just as an interesting and long-forgotten civilization prior to that of Rome has been revealed by excavations in Etruria, and by the opening of its tombs, so tin- be- ginning of Mar3land's commerce, and the earliest indi- cations of its religious life are to be found l)y exploring the regions traversed by the time-honored water-ways that flow by the feeding-grouiuls of the blue-winged teal, the x-ed head, and the canvas-back. In the year 1683, half a century after Lord I'alti- more, by his favorable "conditions of plantation," had 96 tl)C #ID Brirfe Cl)urcljfs of ti;)arrlauD. tempted his first colony to sow the seed of civihza- tion in this wild but fertile country, Bidtimore County extended north to the Pennsylvania border, and east to the Susquehanna River and the head waters of the bay, while its western limits were lost in a wilderness of unsettled lands. Roads were scarce in those days, and rivers were tlie threads upon which the beads of settlement were strung. The " conditions of planta- tion," by which the land allowed to each settler was in proportion to the number of persons he brought with him, were found no longer necessary, and in 1683 they ceased to operate. After that, land was acquired by purchase, and ports of trade were estab- lished, so that commerce became a factor in the pros- perity of the people. Until then, laiidholders liad shipped their own and their dependents' grain and tobacco from private wharves, receiving the luxuries of life in return, which their correspondents in Eng- land were instructed to send, as opportunity offered. The establishment of these " ports of entr}'," there- fore, marks a stage in the development of the province. They were indeed doors by which adventurers of every description could enter for gain. Manj^ a captain, en- gaged in the merchant service, invested his little savings in the improvement of town lots, — notably those at Joppa, on the Gunpowder, now covered by a wheat field, — or in the purchase of adjoining tracts which be- came valuable as settlement extended. Forsaking the precarious calling of the sea for the more lucrative posi- t^aiurl r^ulanv. 97 tion of planter or iiK'rcliaut, liis prosperity became tlie signboard which directed others to tliese hospitable shores, where not only a competency, but even wealth, could be so easily attained. Even the iiulentured ser- vant, whose master allowed him a bit of cleared ground, employed his leisure hours in planting tobacco, which enabled him to add his hdgshead to the cargo shipped for England ; ti\iglit which, like Whittington's cat, be- came the foundation of a fortune. The motto "To live and let live" was quite as applicable to the ]\Iarylander of those davs as the l)et- ter known motto of tlie Lords Baltimore, " Manly deeds and womanly words." Many an anecdote is preserved, proving the kindness of masters to their indentured servants. One of these will be a sufficient example. A youth named Daniel Dulany was discovered one day poring over a Latin grammar by his master, "Walter Smith, a lawyer of Anne Arundel County, who, finding him to be a man of some education, promoted him from a menial position to a place in his office, and there made of him a lawyer. To prove that Dulan}- attained suc- cess in the profession, it is only necessary to state that he took up five thousand acres of land in Balti- more County in what was then known as the "Valley of Jeho.shaphat," but is now called "Dulany's Valley." The " oldest inhabitant," though not always an in- fallible guide on the road to fact, is nevertheless a verv entertaining chronicler. To this time-honored per- sonage the present writer is indebted for several anec- 98 tiic »©ID Bricfe Cljurclics of 3!9arplanD. dotes transmitted to him by liis grandmother, the wife of Parson Coleman, rector, at different times, of each of the oldest churches now standing- in Baltimore County. Tliis lady, before her marriage, when she was Pleasance Goodwin, passed much of her time with her uncle. Captain Charles Ridgely, and his wife, Rebecca, at their home, overlooking Dulany's Valley. As the coun- trymen often brought their grain from a distance to Ridgely's mill, he frequently invited them to his home, where the early evening meal awaited them. On one of these occasions, when they were all seated at table, he asked his rustic friend what he would have to eat. " Mush," was the laconic reply. " Then lielp yourself," said the Captain, with a wave of tlie hand toward the capacious disli of nnish set before him, with the large-bowled, long-handled silver spoon wherewith to serve it. The guest, taking tlie invitation literally, proceeded to feed himself from the dish with the spoon, which severely tested the capa- city of his mouth. Rebecca, the prim hostess, cast a horrified glance at her husband, while the young peo- ple tittered ; but the Captain, frowning upon the rude- ness of liis nieces, rather than upon tlie ignorance of his guest, tried to turn the conversation into channels calculated to divert attention and to keep Rusticus from a mortifying sense of his blunder. Supper, in those days, was an informal meal, like breakfast in modern English country houses, where servants are often dispensed with. Of these, Captain Cljarlcs UiDgrlv. 99 there was no lack in Captain Ridgely's household, for the minibcr ol' his slaves was proverbial. He did not even know tlieni all by sight, as the following anecdote proves: One day, while riding along the road, he met a ragged negro, and asked him to whom he belonged. " To Cap'n Kidgel}', sar," answered the darky, grinning from ear to ear, and pulling his forelock as if it were a Ijell-rope sunnuoning his wits to the door of his brain. " Tell the overseer that Captain Kidgely wishes to see liini at once." With another grin, another tng, and a "Yes, marsa," the slave shot off on liis ciTMnd. ^^'hen the overseer arrived, he was severely berated for not keeping his slaves better clothed, as means were provided for him to do. Another story is told of the Captain in reference to his teamster, a white slave named Martin, who, for some misde- meanor, was made to wear an iron collar. Twice had he managed to get riil of it, wlicn tiie Captain said that he wouM not have it pnt on again, if Martin would tell how he accomplished the feat. This he ao-reed to do, savintj, "Well, I fastened one end of a chain to the back of the collar, and t' other end to the gate-post ; then I fa.stened another chain to the front of the collar, ami t'otlier end to my team. Then saying, 'Break neck or lircak collar,' I cracked my whip, and the mules pnlled, and the collar broke." The Captain kept his promise, and as Martin's descend- ants now own land in Harford County, where Cap- 100 tl)e ©in liBrich Ctjurcljcs of tT^arDlauD. tain Ridgely was a large proprietor, it may he possible that lie was so well pleased with the man's pluck that he gave him land when his term of servitude expired. Convicts sold by the captain of the ship that brought them over were not slaves for life, any more than the " Redemptioners," who merely worked out their passage money, and were often men of high character and good education. Among old bills of lading have been found mention of a certain number of convicts and a certain number of wigs. These niay have been donned to suit the character they wished to personate, or to avoid recognition by a former witness of their transgres- sions. These convicts were sometimes driven through the country in gangs, to be sold to the planters. The agent having them in charge was called a " soul driver." An amusing story is told of an Irishman, who, being the last of such a gang, stopped at a waj'side inn witli his keeper, and rising early the next morning, closed a bargain with the landlord for the other, whom he rep- resented to be a good servant, though a most plausible " lyar," often assuming to be the master. Pocketing the money, the convict walked oflP, leaving the soul driver to swear at his cunning. Of these convicts, twent}^ thousand came to this coun- try before the Revolution, but they were by no means vile in all cases, at a time when religious and political offences were punished witli banishment. In 1790, when Captain Ridgely was building "Hamp- d:t)r Uru. 3;olju Colcmau. lol ton House," liis worknieu ((uit work every duv at tour o'clock, for tear of the wohes that infested the \\a\- to Uahiinore Town after (hu"k. When tlie house was com- pleted, ^[rs. liidgely, wlio was a devout Methodist, wished to have a religious house- warming. Tlie t"aj)- tain agreed, with the proviso that the Rev. John Cole- man, of the Episcopal church, should deliver the opening address, after which " she might have all the praying and shouting she pleased." The joint j)rogrannne was carried out, with the addi- tion of a card party in an upper room, where steaming punch cheered the representatives of unregenerate man, while their better halves imbibed another kind of spirit- ual refreshment below. To the we.st of Dulanv's Valley lies the great Lime- stone Basin, where the celebrated Beaver Dam ]\Iarble Quarries are to be found. Witli this region, and witli Green Spring Valley beyond, have been associated fr(nn time immemorial the names of Cockey, Owings, Yellott, Hutchins, Croxal, Buchanan, Stevenson, Merry- man, Cromwell, and ^loale. < >ld .To.shua Ilutchins was a staiu'h friend of the Rev. John Coleman, and about the time of that "religious house-warming" he silenced some malicious whispers injin-ious to the j)arson's repu- tation, by threatening to cowhide the inventor. The mad pranks of youthtul '' Cockey-Dye-Owingses " are the subject of many tales. The bewitching damsels of this clan had many aspirants to their favor. One cavalier came mounted on a fine black charger, 1)ut 102 t\)c #ID XBritfe CljurcljfS of a9arplanli. he stayed too long at this lively mansion, and when at last he ordered his liorse to the door, its coat had turned as white as whitewash could make it. The saddest part of the joke was that the work had been done by the charmer upon whom he had lavished most attention, and upon whom lie flattered himself he had made a favorable impression. On another occasion, one of the sisters threw her suitor's Jiat into the fire, and he retaliated by sending her bonnet after it. As a natural sequel, this Petruchio won his Katherine. Very different from this branch of the family were the Owings of Owings' Mills, Green Spring Valley, who attended St. Thomas' Church. Of Samuel, it is said that lie was a gentleman who brought up his boys after the pattern of himself, teaching them to ride as soon as they could sit upon a horse, and to shoot as soon as they could hnndle a gun. Tlie daugliters were brought up by their mother, Ruth, to be good housewives, and their home was the scene of many a festivity, when the brewing and the baking- had been done by their fair hands. Samuel's sisters were married to Peter Hoffman, Dr. John Cromwell, Thomas Moale, Robert Moale, James Winchester, George Winchester, and Richard Cromwell, all names of local significance, some of which are to be found in St. Thomas' Graveyard. The Cockeys, living on the old place called Garrison, are descendants of Samuel and Ruth Owings, and retain the character- istics of the Owings race. Jrrrimal) diton's 13r(iufst. io;3 The ports of entry in Baltimore County tliat played the most important part in the growth of its commerce were respectively on the Patapsco, near Humphrey's Creek, hclow the jjreseiit city of Baltimore; on the Gunpowder, above some of the best-known t. 3f,ol)n's pansl;. 105 and appointed the Rev. IT. Deans, the rector, and M alter Tollev, a vestryman, to solicit subscriptions tor the purpose. As these proved insufficient, the General Assembly passed an act empowering' the jus- tices of the county to assess and levy three hundred pounds on the inhabitants of St. John's Parish for the purchase of one acre of land in the forks of the Gunpowder, upon which to build a Chapel of Ease- The names of these vestr3-men were Nicholas Rnxton Gay, John Hughes, John Merryman, and Thomas Git- tings, Avhose descendants would find little difficnltv in being admitted into the many societies now existing throughout the country for the establishment of ioi aristocracy. These plain, unassuming, yet hospitable worthies, however, drew no visible line between the countryman from the rolling ujdands, who brought his corn or wheat either in trade or to be ground at the mill of his wealthier neighbor, and the distinguished guest from the old country, wlio marvelled at and admired, but seldoui criticised, the strange ways of this vigorous young country. Much has been said of the old Cava- liers of Maryland, but very little of the Puritans, wlio settled in the province as early as 1649, when Vir- ginia drove them beyond her border. In 17o3, how- ever, when St. James' was built, there was no longer either Cavalier or Puritan in the province, but their characteristics were blended in a homogeneous people, who, by the time we were readv to become an inde- pendent nation, spoke the mother tongue with a uni- 106 t[)e ©10 ISrtch Cl)urc|)cs* of ^ar^jlanD. formity of accent and a softness and pui'ity of expression not to be found aniony tlie rural inliabitants of England, where each shire had a dialect of its own. William Eddes, Collector of Customs at Annapolis when the Revolution first broke out, connnents ujjon this surpris- ing fact. Tlie records of the Chapel of St. James give us an insight into the status of ottice-holders at that dav, for St. James', or the Manor Ohurch. we find that in 1769 Daniel Chamier, county sheriff, was also sexton of the cln^rch ; the man thus conferring honor on the office, rather than the office on the man, — a lesson that might be taught with good effect to-day. The Chapel of St. James was erected on a corner of what is still called " My Lady's Manor," and is known t\)t il3anoi- Cl)urcl;. 107 as tlie " Manor Church." It stands on a hill overlookinj,'- a beautiful country wliirh is one of the great agricul- tural districts of the county. The ancient high-road to Pennsylvania, called the old York Road, i)asses through this region, — a significant fact in the history of the early settlers, a sturdy class of English yoenianry, many of whom emigrated first to Pennsylvania, hut being attracted by the greater fertility of Maryland, crossed the border and took up farms along the head waters of the Gunpowder and the Ihish. In many cases the ponderous, white-topped Conestoga wagons were ixsed by these emigrants, — wagons which in a modified form are still to be seen slowly wending their way along the limestone high-road above Towson, the present county town. With their blue bodies, red running-gear, and white hoods gathered by a cord in the back, they are quite as picturesque as the canvas-covered and parti- colored row-boats that glide along the shining waters of Lake Como under an "Italian sky,"— a sky in reality no more l)eautiful than the skies of Maryland. Even as late as the beginning nf llic pi-esent century, rarriages were little used by the rural population. Everybody rode on horseback, unless too feeble or infiim to do so, when carts, unadorned by the prefix "T" or "Dog," came into plav ; and even farm- wagons were often used to take their owners to church on Sunday. One fiimily, indeed, was known to arrive at St. James' in a carriage, — an odd vehicle bought from a Quaker, who had it made with the door in the rear, for escape 108 tl)c *©Hj 5l5ntfe Cljurcljcs of iij9aiTlanD. in case of accident. The rector, Rev. ]\Ir. Coleman, had a carriage also ; for lie had to drive twelve miles to church from his home in Harford, the Bushtown of " lang syne." This old church is a striking- object on the hill-tdp, and still retains its venerable appearance, in spite of later additions and preservative paint. Less than ten years after its erection it liad to be enlarged to accom- modate the rapidly increasing population ; for the Estalj- lished Church was officially the only one to welcome the emigrants, no matter to what denomination they had belonged. The first addition represents the nave, and the original structure the transept. The tower over the vestibule is modern, although built of the brick taken from the old vestry-house, — a Ijuilding of great importance in a day when it served as court-room for the vestry, and refectory for the congregation coming from a distance. The present vestry-room is in the apsidal chancel of the original building, opening into the church by a doorway in the east transept. The outline of the chancel arch is to be distinguished by a crack in the plaster over tlie doorway, which is hidden by a curtain. An old English custom prevails in the church by which the man aspiring to matrimony has to pass through the vestry-room on his way to the chancel. Until very lately, weddings at St. James' had a spice of adventure about them from the fact that the impatient bridegroom was obliged to climb through one of the deep embrasured windows of the original chancel CClfDDinss m " gc €>lDrn fftmr." lu9 before issuing from tliu vestry-room to claiin his bride-, thereby running tlic risk of ajjpearing bc-luic tlie expec- tant guests and at the side of the inmiacuhitu fair one with soiled knees and torn raiment. The present in- cumbent of St. James', however, has mercifully pro- vided against this contingency by having a door sub- stituted for one of the windows, and steps added, bv which the usually nervous swain may enter without loss of dignity. In olden times the marriage ceremony was invariably performed at home. The guests assem- bled early in the evening to partake of tea and refresh- ments, and after the knot was tied and congratulations offered, dancing and cards amused the company till a late hour, when they were regaled with an elegant supjier, followed by the cheerful glass and the convivial song. In this localit}', however, where the people took their Christian names from the Bible, and their ideas from the Puritans, there was a slight variation in the program. After the mai-riage ceremony, the Ijridal party was often conveyed in a farm wagon, garlanded with flowers or evergreens, to the house of the nearest relative, where, although cards and dancing were prohibited, the hos- pitable board groaned beneath the Aveight of good things, and cider or other home-made beverages flowed freely. At a late hour the happy pair were escorted to their new home, and the rest of the party found hos- pitality with their entertainers for the night. The wed- ding festivities often lasted several day.s, during which the farm wagon was employed to convey the bridal 110 tl)C ©ID Wtick €l)xiv(l)c$ of S|9aivlanD. party from place to place ; for not until every one had entertained them were the bride and groom allowed to settle down, the man to the work of his farm, the woman to that of her household. In most houses tliere was a large room where a loom was set up. The wool, after being carded at the nearest fulling mill, — several of which are still standing, — was distributed, in what looked like thick loose lengths of rope, to the laborers' wives, who took it to their cabins to spin ; after which the young women of the house- hold wove it on a warp of linen or cotton thread. Negro labor in this locality was confined to the fields, and even then principally to large estates ; for the thrifty yeoman settlers had large families, who were not allowed to sit with folded hands, thus fulfilling the prophecy of a quaint old writer named Hammond, who in 1656 pub- lished a pamphlet upon Maryland and Virginia, in which he says, " Children increase and thrive so well there, that they will sufficiently supply the place of servants, and in a small time become a nation sufficient to people the country." Further evidence of the large families of that time is found in the f)ld graveyard of St. James'. One stone records the fact that " Kezia, wife of Isaac Hooper," was the mother of " Seven sons and three dauofhters," the number of sons being written with a capital S, while that of the daughters appears with a very small t, — in token, perhaps, of the estimate placed upon the two sexes by this ]\Iai-yland Job. We have reason to hope that he, like Job, " gave them inheritance among tParriagr portions. Ill their brethren;" for the chronicle just quoted says: " B^ew tliere are but are able to give j)ortions with their daughters, more or less, according to their abilities, so that many coming out of England have raised thenj- selves good fortunes there, by matching maidens born in the country," — alucky enduwinLiit for these maidens, whose portraits show that they were not favored with the gift of beauty. In later years this order has liecii reversed, for many a damsel who could only say, " My face is my fortune," has been borne away from home- spun ^Maryland by the lords of the " almighty dollar." T\\;; family. Behold an Israelite indeed I He was once a sei'iou.s cliurehmaii, and sought for the truth, and now God has revealed it to him. The Methodists at this time were only a party in tlie Church i>f England. It wa.s not till I7s4, that the IJev. Dr. Coke, having come over tiuai England, convened tlie Methodist preachers in Baltimore to organize into a separate church. Before that time these preachers could neither baptize, nor administer the Holy Com- munion, unless they had taken orders in the Church of England, and devout Methodists still turned to the Church for these offices. In fact, to this ver\- dav there are Methodists wliu Inuk upon the Ejiiscojial ( 'hiin-li as the one for great occasions. A marriage receiitl\- timk place in the manager's house on a large estate \\ithiii twelve miles of St. Thomas', ami was spoken of in the county pajjer as having l)een jierformed after the " Eng- lish form ;" for though the parties belong to a class or clan which is principally Methodist, they do not wish to .sever all connection with the old .stock m lio lie buried around the parish church, — to them the historical chunli of Maryland. St. Thomas' has been recentlv enlarged bv the addi- tion of a chancel lighted by three beautiful memorial windows, and a tran.sept in wliich is placed a fine organ. On the wall of the south tran.sept is a handsome bra.ss tablet to the memory of four of its rectors who died in charge of the parish. The older part of the church, Avith its brick pavement and square pews, remains undistin-bed. 124 tt\t Mti IBricb Cburcljcs of a^arplaiiD. After Braddock's defeat, in 1755, these pews presented a formidable aspect on Sundays, when every man carried a gun, to be prepared for a possible attack from Indians. We can imagine the home scene on Saturday night, when the entire household was interested in the preparation of arms and ammunition ; for while the men were bur- nishing their guns, the women and children looked on with feeling's of fear mingled with admiration. In those days, tliere seem to have been more adult unmarried sons living at home than at the present time ; whether this was because lovers were faint-hearted, or because maidens were liard to bring to terms, the fact remains that baclielors abounded. Between the years 1755 and 1763 there were, in the parish of St. Thomas alone, thirty-nine bachelors recorded as such ; for they, as well as light wines and billiard tables, were taxed to defray the expenses of the war with the French, and many paid this tax during the entire period of the enactment. The graveyard of St. Thomas' has its share of amus- ing epitaphs, some of which are extremely difficult to decipher by reason of tlie wearing away of the stone. For the Ijenefit of those who are interested in such matters we give a few examples : — TO THE MEMORY OF CECIL GIST, DAUGHTER OF CHARLES & PRUDENCE CARNAN OF LONDON, WHO DEPARTED THIS LIFE THE l^T DAT OF JULY 1770 AGED 28. fe»t. ?tl)oma5' CImrrhvarD. 125 Friendly stranger, stop gaze on this silent tomb The end of nature in the prime of youthful bloom Lost from the soft endearing ties of Life And tender name of daughter, sister, mother, wife Ye blooming fair, in her your fading charms survey She was whate'er your tender hearts can say ilore than exceeds y" muses noblest point of thought Or Pope or Milton's verses ever taught Farewell, lamented shade, I can proceed no more Too fast thy memory prompts the tear to flow Such was y* will of fate, nor must we murmur at y« rod Nor allwise dispensations of our God. Here in hope we trust & here our sorrows rest: The good & virtuous dead are ever blest. Anotlier oi)ita])li contains tlie followintj words of admonition : — Young & old as you pass by. As you are so once was I, And as I am so you must be So prepare for deatli & Eternity. A third, which has cansed much inciriincnt at a pour sufferer's expense, runs thus : — Afflictions sore long time I bore, Physicians where in vain Till God did please & Death did cease To ease me of my pain. And a fourth tells us that a descendant of the Kev. Thomas Cradock, a youth wlio died in the twentieth year of his age, The paths of virtue And of Science trod. Resigned his soul To the Almighty God. 126 tl)t ©ID Wtick CljurclKs of Jpari'lanft. Outside the walls of the old " God's acre," and in a corner of the church property which has been added to from time to time, there is a patch of Scotch broom. This was planted during the rectorship of the Rev. Charles C. Austin, who died in 1849. It not only serves the purpose for whicli it was planted, namely, to prevent the red clay in that spot from washing into unsightly Silver bklungixg ro Si. I'homas', GAiiitisoN I'lua.M. gullies every time there is a lieavy rain, but it has a very pretty bloom, and is precious to tlie botanist. Farmers, indeed, look upon it as an intruder, but as yet it is confined to this one corner, where it can do no harm to the crop of dead men's bones sown amidst its verdure. 2i List of (©riginal pansljrs. 127 8t. Thoinus' possesses a luindsouie silver service dating from the year 1773, when it was purchased by order of the Vestry. There are other old brick churches on the western shore of tlie Chesapeake, and doubtless much might be written about them also ; but tlie distinctive features of Maryland life in tlie past have been already treated in the preceding pages, and so with a list of the original parishes and of their offshoots up to the time of the Revolution, we will bid adieu for the present to the Old Brick Churches of Maryland. William & Mary, I Trinity Clnircli, ( Poplar Hill Cliurcli, King & Queen, Christ Cliiirch, All .'faints' Chaj.el, St. Andrew's, o. T, I, r West of Patiixent St. Paul's, t . , . ^, 1 II n -xi -; Hivcr, later m .St. All Faith, ) ^ JIary's Co.. Christ Churcli, Middleham Chapel, All .Saints', Willinm <5r Mary, Port 'robacco, Durham, r Later in Piscataway or ^ Prince St. Jolin's, iGeorcfe's Co., J St. Mary's Co. ^Calvert Co. >■ Charles Co. 128 t\)t (J^lD 215rick Cljurcljcs; of S^ar^lant). St. Margaret's Westminster, " or Broadneck, St. Anne's, or Middleneck, All Hallows', or South River St. James', or Herring Creek, _. Anne Arundel Co. St. George's, or Spesutia, ^ St. John's, or Gunpowder, |- Baltimore Co. St. Paul's, or Patapsco, /■ Prince George's County was erected from portions of Charles and Calvert Counties in 1695, when Piscataway, or St. John's Parish, Charles County, and most of St. Paul's Parish, Calvert County, were incorporated with the new county. By fresh subdivisions of Prince George's, Anne Arun- del, and Baltimore Counties, Frederic and IMontgomery were erected, and a creation of new parishes ensued. These are : — Queen Anne's, 1704 Prince George's Co. ^ , ^„„„ I Later a part of Montgom- Prinee George's, 1726 .... „ * '^ { ery Co. Queen Caroline, 1728 .... Later a part of Howard Co, St. Thomas', 1712-4.3 .... Baltimore Co. All Saints', 1742 Frederic Co. Trinity, 1744 Charles Co. St. James', 1770 Baltimore Co. (Later St. Peter's, Mont- ) „ , . ^ Eden i _„„ Frederic Co. I gomery, 17(0. . . . ) !tljr UocU CirrU Cljuiclj. 129 After the Kevolutioii, Prince George's Pariisli was subdivided; ami one of the oldest churches now stand- ing in the District of Columbia is the Kock Creek Church, once belonging to Prince George's Parish, but made the parish church of Rock Creek in llSll. BX5918.M3R48 The old brick churches of Maryland Prtnceton TheotoQical Seminary-Speer Library 1 1012 00047 8836