THE \^ MEMOIRS O F HENRY G U T H R Y, Late Bifhop of Dunkeld: CONTAINING An Impartial Relation of the Affairs of SCOTLAND, Civil and Ecclefiaftical, from the Year 1637, to the Death of King Charles I. IN WHICH, The true Rise and Springs of the Public Confusions, during that Period, are difcovered; and the mod Considerable Transactions^ both of the Royalists and Covenanters, briefly and faithfully narrated. THE SECOND EDITION. G L J S G O JT: Printed by Robert Urie, For G. Hamilton and J. Balfour, Bookfellers in Edinburgh^ MDCCXLVIL DEC 28 1914 ADVERTISEMENT. ^T~^HIS new edition of Bijhop Guthry'j -^ Memoirs, %uill, it is bo fed, be well re- ceived by the Public, as the former one, which was printed at London in 1702, is now be- come fo fcarce, that it is not to be pur chafed, but at an extravagant rate ; tho* it is full of very grofs errors and blunders^ in fo much, that, from the flightefl infpeBion, it is evi- dent, that either the publifher, or overfeer of the prefs, or both, mufl have been entire fr ang- ers to Scotland, and to its affairs. ^LL pojpble care has been taken to render this edition correcl, both by reBifying the mijlakes occafioned by the ignorance of the firfl publifher, and by co7nparing of his edition with feveral authentic manufcripts. T^HE preface to the London edition is, in this, omitted, becaife it was judged neither ne- ceffary nor proper, to fw ell the book, by re-print- ing that performance, which (as any one who in- clines to take the trouble ofperufing it may fee) contains only an encomium upon thefe Memoirs, " %As compiled by one who was contemporary to *' the matters and tranfaSlions of which he *' writes, and bore a part in many of them; " one who inujl be pre fumed from his charaBer ** ani ADVERTISEMENT. *' and Jlation in the church, to have been a " perfon of great abilities, integrity, and emi- *' nent piety, andxvho lived and died in ejleem ^' for thefe?"* jind, in the conclufion, he in- veighs bitterly againji the Presbyterian clergy of Scotland, in terms fo evidently diBated by the fpirit of bigotry and party, that the pre- fent editors (whofe fentiments concerning the principles and conduSl of that order of men, differ widely from this flr anger ) did not think it a proper tafk for them to re-print his abufive reflexions, unlefs they had fwelled the book fill more, by infer ting, at the fame time, a re- futation of them ; which, at prefent, feems to be as little necefary as ever, fince the beha- viour of that church of late, as well as for- merly, when encroachments were made, and at- tempts ufed, to fubvert both ecclefiafical and civil liberty, may go a great way to convince the unprejudiced, that they have always been hearty friends to both ; and that thofe who are mofl forzuard to reproach them, have never giv- en very folid proofs of their affeBion to either, the one or the other. GLOSSARY, EXPLAINING Some old Scots Words and Phrafes that oc- cur in this Hillory. ACCORDED (Pag. 24.) Agreed. Aloft (46.) Up. Always (21, 25^, 31, e^c.) A word often ufed by our Author, for, In the mean time, honuever, neverthelefs. Anent (10, e^c.) Concerning. Attour (9<5-) By and attour, i. e. Over and above. Back (28.) A thin back, a pro"/erbial expreffion, ufcd by the Author, for a [mall party. Beleaguered (29.) Surrounded. Bout (75.) To have a bout, i. e. To have a brulli or flcirmifh. BouTEFEUs (11::?.) Incendiaries. Break up (47.) Brake up the ajfemb'y, i. e. Opened the affembly with fcrmon. Bruit (46.) Report. Close (84.) A court, or yard. Commons (10.) The vulgar, or poorer and meaner fori of people. Cream (247.) A lick of cream, a proverbial phrafe, of the fame import with what in England they call a Sugar-plumb. Peborded (109.) Exceeded; a metaphor, from a ri- ver's riling above, and overflowing, its banks, from the French word Deborder. Declinature (31.) Gave in a declinature againft the bijhops, i. e. Excepted, or objeded, againft them, as lawful or competent judges. Demitted (12.) Difmifled, liberated, Demur (2.) A Itop, delay. Ditties (f^.) Complaints. Escheated (72.) Confifcated. Eschew (19.) To avoid, (hun. foREFAULTED (72.) Forfeited, Frami: A GLOSSARY. Frame (Pag. 12, 6'c.) Original copy, or fcroll. Fkn'Cible Mes (285.) Men that can cany arms. Gifted, (16.) fit, proper, equal. Haugh (222.) A Jew level piece of ground by the fide of a river. H^RRiE (211.) To /}errie one, is to deprive and (trip him of all. Horning (24^ Z7c,) Under pain of horning, i. e. Under pain of being denounced a rebel. Hose-net (184.) A trap, fnare. Hound fair (26.) To fpirit up, animate. Hound OUT (29, &c.) To fet on. Letters (250.) To raife letters, and have them exe- cuted at the pier and lliorc of Lcith, is a form ufed by the Scots law, before any fuit or judgment can be giv- en againft a perlon, who, for the time, is out of the kingdom. Lieges (asj.) Subjeds. Lift (109.) A dead lift, i. e. At a pinch, upon apufh or exigence. Meschant (7.) Mifchievous, wicked. MoYEN (16,) Interelt, influence, means. OcTAViANs (6.) Eight minilters or lords, chofen by king James, to manage the affairs of the nation. Open the Mouth (281.) Impower, licenfe, Pannel (12.) Brought to the pannel, i.e. Brought to his trial. Pauohty (251.) Saucy, infolent, pert. Prickers (202.) Horfemen. Pkimer ('6;.) Principal. Propyne (S9.) A prelent, gift, complement. pROTOTYrE (11.) Original. Put (80.) To put by, is, to put off, delay. Reaching (249.) Reaching heart-malignants, i.e. Vesr ing and oppreffmg them. Redders (261.) Men to part or feparate. Remeed (8.) Redrefs, relief Resolved (5-.) Re/ohed in pezce, i.e. Ended In peace*. Senator (ii.) A lord of the feffion. Tables (29, 6"^) Boards, or jund^os, Tash (93.) A flain, blemifh. ToLBOOTH (169, o'c.) A prifon. Unfriends (81.) Enemies. [ • ] THE MEMOIRS O F HENRY G U T H R r. Late Bifhop of D u n k e l d. THE reformation of religion in Scot- land taking eifeft in the year 1 560, Mr. Knox, and the reft of the mini- fters, together with the lords of the congre- gation (fb were the reformers called) founded the government of the church in a moderate imparity; for how foon they appointed mi- nifters to particular ftations, withal they con- (lituted fuperintendents to govern in their re- fpeftive provinces, to whom the power was given to ordain minifters, to prefide in fynods, and to direft church cenfures. After this model was the church governed in the infancy of it, with a w^ell-balanced harmony among church-men, and a general liking from the people, notwithftanding of A very 2 THE MEMOIRS OF very great troubles which at that time fell out in the ftate. Afterwards, in the year 15:71, a general affembly being, m time of parliament, con- vened at Stirling, fome of the meeting pro* pounded, that things could not always con- tinue in that ftate. For the fuperintendents being old, and divers of them ferving upon their own charges, it was not to be expected that others, when they were gone, would undergo that burden; and therefore wifhed that the lord regent, and the eftates of parlia- ment, fhould be dealt with, for ertablifhing a conftant form of church-government. For which efFeft, commiffion was given to the fu- perintendents of Angus, Fife, and Lothian, and with them to Mr. David Lindray,Mr. An- drew Hay, Mr. John Row, Mr. George Hay, to (oUicit the parliament. But the flaughter of the regent by the lord Huntley, Claud Hamilton, and their adherents,, which fell out upon the third of September, did put a deftiur to the bulinefs until January next ; at which time the general aflembly being met at Leith, thofe commiiFioners prefled tbe earl of Mar, then lord regent, and his council, for ietthng a conftant policy in the church. Whereupon it was agreed, that fix of the coun- cil, and as many of the aflembly, fhould be fet apart, to treat, reafon, and conclude upon thebufmefs. For thecouncil, were nominated James earl of Morton chancellor, Williani lord^Ruthven treafurer, Robert abbot of Dun- fermline fecTCtary, Mr. James Macgil clerk- regi- BISHOP GUTHRY. 3 regifter, Sir John Ballenden juftice-clerk, and Colin Campbell of Glenorchy ; and for the church, the fuperintendents of Angus, and Fife, and with them Mr. David Lind- fay, Mr. Andrew Hay, Mr. Robert Ponr, and Mr. John Craig. Thofe t\\elve, after divers meetings and confultations, agreed upon certain conclufions, whereof the prin- cipal were, that the church fliould be go- verned by archbifliops and bifhops, and the eleftion fhould be made by the deans and chapters. Thefe conclufions being reported to the general aifembly, met at Perth in Auguft 1572, fome of the miniftry were difpleafed, and made a kind of proteftation againft the fame. Yet notwithftanding thereof the courfe went on, and fo Mr. John Douglas was pro- vided to the archbifhopric of St. Andrews, Mr. James Boyd to the archbifhopric of Giaf- gow, Mr. John Paton to the bifliopric of Dunkeld, and Mr. Andrew Grahaiii to the bifhopric of Dunblain. Thefe doings were grievous to divers of the miniftry, \yho contended for a parity in church-government ; whereunto, ere long, they were much more encouraged, by the re- turn of Mr. Andrew Melvil from Geneva, whQ coming home in the year 1575, gave them fuch a charafter of the Presbyterian difci- pline exercifed there, as mot only confirmed them who already favoured it, but alfo gain- ed fo far upon others, that fhortly thereafter A 2 the WX[ 4 THE MEMOIRS OF the moft part qf minifters turned Presbyte- rians, and in an a(rembly at Dundee 1580, condemned Epifcopacy as unlawful, and con- trary to the word of God. Whereupon (king James having before that time afTumed in his own perfon the go- vernment of the kingdom) debates arofe for many years betwixt his majefty and the mi- nifters upon that account, the king ftill pref fing Epifcopal government, and they, on the other part, contending for the Presbyteriaq way. So that at length the controverfyrofe to that height, that fome of the minifters chofe ra- ther to hazard a war, than to fufFer the difci- pline to be bo^n down. Whereupon in the year 1584, the parhament then fitting at E- 4inburgh, having made, and publiflied at the mercat-crofs, an a£t which incroached upon it ; Mr. Walter Balcanquall, and Mr. James Lowfon, minifters of Edinburgh, and Mr. Ro- bert Pont, Minifter of St. Andrews (who wa§ alfo a fenator) after fome proteftations emit- ted by them, went to Berwick, and from thence to Newcaftle, and there joined theba- nifhed lords, making one common caufe of it; whereof the fequel was, that the year following, the baniftied lords, and thofe mini- fters with them (except Mr. Lowfon, whp died in England) entered into the kingdom, and with an army, which they made up in the fouth parts thereof, advanced ftraight to- wards Stirling, where the king was for thq time, attended by an army, which upon the noife BISHOP GUTHRY. 5 noife of their approach, he had called toge- ther, under the command of Sir James Ha- liburton, tutor of Pitcur, a famous warrior; and what blood and mifchief might this at- tempt have caufed, if the king in his great wifdom had not prevented the fame, by af- fording them a treaty, which upon the fifth of November 1585, refolved in peace, and ynade a way for Presbyterian government in the church, which at lad was eflablifhed by law in the year 1592. And if the minifters had thereafter kept within bounds, it may be that wife king would have debated no more with them upon that account; but their ablings made his ma- jefty foon repent of his condefcenfion, and admit thoughts of reftoringEpifcopacy again; which they on the other part perceiving, flrove to flrengthen their own intereft, and to fruftrate his defign; whereby new debates arifing, grew to that height, that in the year 1596, fome noblemen, barons, and minifters, being affembled in Edinburgh, and conceiv- ing that the procefs laid againft Mr. David Black, wronged the privileges of their difci- pHne, and withal being diijplealed with the clemency fliewed to the Popifh lords, they, for thofe reafons, and other emergents, went to work again^ and that fo avowedly, that they pitched upon my lord Hamilton to be their head, and fent him a letter fubfcribed by Mr. Robert Bruce, and Mr. Walter Bal- canquall, to come with diligence and accept the charge, But 6 THE MEMOIRS OF But the fad effefts which this enterprize might have produced, were prevented by the fury of the multitude that attended upon their meeting, who, heated by fome unhappy expreffions uttered by my lord Lindlay, had not the patience to wait upon their general's coming, but prefently, and without any con- fultation, or allowance of the better fort, leaped to their arms, came to the ftreet in great numbers, crying, *' The fword of the " Lord, and of Gideon, it fhall be either " theirs or ours:" And taking their march ilraight towards the felFion-houfe, where the king and his council were for the time, would in all probability have forced the doors, which upon the noife of the tumult were fhut, and done mifchief, at leaft to thofe called 061:a- vians, whom they blamed for all, had it not been, that by the providence of God, a loyal party, drawn together by the deacon of the trades, kept them back for a fpace, until the fever cooled a little; and that in the mean time the earl of Mar, from the caftle, fent a company of mufqueteers, to guard the king's perfon, which his lieutenant quickly brought down the Caftle-bank to the Grafs-mercat, and from thence marched afterwards to the foot of Forrefter's Wynd, which they afcend- ed, and entering by the Back Stairs, came where the king was; after which the king commanded to open the doors, and advance to the Itreet. Upon notice whereof, at the in- treaty of Sir Alexander Home, provoft, the mukitude chofe to disband, and went away as BISHOP GUTHRY. 7 as confufedly as they met; whereby the king and his attendants had a fure way to go with- out hazard or affront, down the ftreet to his palace of Holyroodhoufe, from whence the next morning he removed to Linlithgow. This mefchant bufinefs (called in way of deteftation even unto this time the i 7th day of December) gave the minifters affairs fuch a blow, that during king James's reign they were never able to make it up again; for it was efleemed fo illegal in the attempt, and proved lo foolifh in the conduft, that there- after noblemen were not inchnable to efpoufe their quarrel, and without them it was well known they could effeftuate nothing; and (o it came to pafs, that without difficulty, the king carried through his defign, and Epifco- pal government was eftablifhed by law, and that not without the confent and furtherance of many of the wifeft among the miniftry, whom experience had taught to fee a necef (ity of having bifhops fet up, to curb the humours of fome preachers, efpecially the younger fort, whole out-breakings againft au- thority, both in their pulpits and meetings, were very offenfive. This eftablifliment of Epifcopal govern- ment taking effe£t fhortly after his majelty's fettling upon his throne of England, was the more comfortable to him, that thereby he gained an uniformity in government betwixt the churches of the two nations; which being atchieved, his majefty went on to prefs that there might be an uniformity alfo in worfhip be- 8 THE MEMOIRS OF betwixt them : For which end he recommend- ed to the bifhops the introduftion of Tome Englifh cufloms into this church; as i. The gellure of kneeling, to be ufed at the receiv-. ing the holy communion. 2. In the cafe of necefTity, baptifm to be privately admini- Itered. 3. Private communion in the like ca(e. 4. Confirmation of children. And, 5. A religious obfervation of the days of our bleffed faviour's nativity, pafTion, refurre£lion, and afcenfion, and of the defcenfion of the Holy Ghoft. Thefe articles being debated in the gene- ral alTembly at St. Andrews 161 7, were af- terwards concluded in the general afTembly at Perth 1618, and at laft in the year 1 62 i ratified by parhament. The kingprelTed alfo, about that time, that a liturgy fhould be framed for this church af- ter the model of the Englifli, which, tho' the bifliops reliHied well, yet they waved the motion during his reign, for reafons beft known to themfelves. The minifters of the contrary judgment flill retained the old principles, and being able to do no more for that time, kept life in the caufe, by prefenting to the (everal parliaments their proteftations againft the things that were done. And at length, when, by the death of that renowned king James VI. Charles I. came to fit upon the throne, they refolved upon application to his majefty for remeed, and pitched upon Mr. Robert Scot, minifter of Glaf. BISHOP GUTHRY. 9 Glaigow, to go up and prefent the fupplica- tion; but at his return they found nothing was to be expefted that way, but that king Charles was refolved to maintain the govern- ment which his royal father had eftablifhed. This put them to other thoughts; yet in their carriage nothing appeared, whereby men could conjecture that which afterwards came to pafs; for their deportment favoured of gravity and meeknefs, neither afted they any thing which was much taken notice of> until the year 1 633, that the king came home to Scotland. Only in the mean time they laboured to increafe the number of their profelytes every where, and that not without fuccefs, efpe- cially in Fife, and in the weftern parts. Whereunto a way, which they then be- gun, proved very conducible; and this it was. They kept fometimes every year a faft in every kirk throughout the kingdom, where the minifters were of their ftamp, viz. upon the firfh fabbath of every quarter; whereof, there was no pubhc intimation, fave, that the minifters did privately defire fo many of their flock, as from time to time they could draw over to their party, to join in it; and upon thofe days of fafting, they ufed in their doftrine to hint at the danger of religion by prelacy, and the dependencies thereof, and in their prayer to fupplicate for remedy, with a blelTmg upon all good means which providence lliould afford for that end; B by lo THE MEMOIRS OF by which courfe they prevailed much upon the commons. But that which advantaged them more, was the turning of certain noblemen to their fide; for befides that the generality of the nobility was malecontented, there were by this time obferved to be avowed owners of their intereft, in Fife the earl of Rothes and lord Lindfay, in Lothian the earls of Lothian and Balmerino, and in the weft the earls of Caffils, and Eglinton, and lord Loudon, which acceffion rendered them very confi- derable. Whereupon, when the king came to Scot- land, in the year 1633, to hold his firft par- liament, they refolved upon a petition to his majefty and parliament, for redrefs of all their grievances; and the fame being fubfcribed with their hands, was committed to the earl of Ro- thes, to the end, that before it were delivered to the clerk regifter (to whom it belonged to receive petitions) his lordfhip might firft ac- quaint the king with it in private. For which end, upon the day that the king made his entry into Edinburgh, the earl of Rothes went timely in the morning to Dal- keith, and imparted the bufinefs to the king; but his majefty having read the petition, re- ftored it to Rothes, faying, " No more of *' this, my lord, I command you;" which Rothes having at His return communicated to the reft, they concluded to fupprefs the peti- tion, and fo nothing more was heard anent it, until the next year, that my lord Balmerino was BISHOP GUTHRY. ii was brought upon the ftage for it • which was upon this occafion. One Mr. John Dunmoor, a writer in Dun- dee, being with my lord Bahnerino at his houfe qf Barnton, my lord was pleafed to dil^ courfe with him of the corruptions which were in church and flate, laying them out to the full. Whereunto Mr. John replied, " That " it was a pity that fuch as knew thofe things " did not reprefent them to the king, while *' he was here (in Scotland) in thecountry.'^ To whom Balmerino anfwered, " That they " purpofed to have done it, and had a peti- " tion figned for that end, which the earl of *^ Rothes having fliewed him, he commanded '^ that there fliould be no more of it ;" where- upon it was fuppreded; adding withal, "That *' the framing of the petition ha ing been *' committed to him, he had yet the Proto- *' type by him, which he would fhew him;'* and fo bringing it from his cabinet, gave it to Mr. John, who retiring to his chamber, not only read it over, but alfo tranlcribed it, and reftoring to my lord the principal, carried w^ith him the copy. Thereafter the faid Mr. John happening in his journey homeward, to lodge at the houfe of Mr. Peter Hay of Naughton, fell to fpeak with him upon that fubjeft, and to reckon up the corruptions of the times. Whereupon Naughton replied, '* Where have ye learned^ " Mr. John, to fpeak fo well in ftate affairs? *' doubtlefs you have been with your patron Balmerino," Tp whpm Mr. John anfwered, B 2 " Yoc. 12 THE MEMOIRS OF " You have guefTed it, Balmerino is indeed " my informer, and moreover fhewed me a " petition, whereby he and his aflociates in- '^ tended to have complained to the king, but " he would not hear it, and I have in my '^ pocket a copy of the petition." Naughton carrying no good-will to Balmerino, and withal being very Epifcopal, found the way to get the petition from Mr. John; and fome days after he was gone, went to the archbifhop of St. Andrews, and delivered the copy to him, with an account of the difcourfe which had palTed betwixt Mr. John and him, in reference thereunto; whereupon the arch- bifhop found himfelf obliged to acquaint the king therewith. Whereupon there came down an order to the lords of the council to call Balmerino and Mr. John before them, who compeared, and were examined before them; where Mr. John acknowledged the copy, and that he had drawn it from that frame which Balmerino put in his hands : Balmerino confetled the having that frame, and produced it, granting that he gave it to Mr. John to read over, but denied that he had his allowance to copy it. However Mr. John was demitted, and Bal- merino fent prifoner to the caftle of Edin- burgh ; and after many appearances before the council (for the fpaceof half a year) was at laft brought to the pannel, and by an alTize of his peers condemned to die ; yet did the gracious king reprieve him, and ere long gave him a remifllon, which before the council table BISHOP GUTHRY. 13 table he received upon his knees, with ample acknowledgements of the king's mercy to him, and folemn promifes of exemplary loyalty thereafter; which how he performed, his ag- ings in the troubles that enfued do teftify. This rifque which Balmerino had run, funk deep in their hearts who were of his party, and exafperated them againft the bi- fhops more than before, (b that they (pared not thereafter (whenfoever they found op- portunity) to undermine their reputation, taxing them of worldlinefs, and that their care was only to make up eftates for their children, but no ways to procure the good of the church ; defaming them, that they thought it not enough to trample upon the church, but ftrove alfo to domineer over the ftate; yea, they accufed them of unfoundnefs alfo, that they were friends to Popery, and had it in their thoughts to bring in the Mafs; and in fpecial, it was their care that noble- men Ihould drink in thofe prejudices againft them, which was the more eafily obtained, that fome of them having aimed at ftate pre- ferments, and met with difappointments, blam- ed the bifhops therefore ; and others, who 1 were in high places already, were not with- out jealoufies, that they intended their fall. Of the former fort was Archibald, lord of Lorn (a man very confiderable both for power and parts, and at that time generally beloved) the reafon of whofe turning againft the bi- ftiops was judged by wife men, to be, that the office of high chancellor happening to be- come 14 THE MEMOIRS OF come vacant in the year 1635, by the death of George earl of Kinnoul (a worthy ftatel^ man) the lord Lorn dealt for it; but the king having lately done great things to him (by bringing the bargain of Kintyre into his hands, and by giving him an hereditable right of the jufticiary of the ifles, and alfo a large fiim of prefent money for his better fubfiflance) his majefty was not pleafed to be further prefled by him, and fo conferred the office of chan- cellor upon the archbifhop of St. Andrews; which difappointment irritated Lorn againft the bifhops, whom he blamed for the fame. The like was talked concerning fome others, who had formerly turned that way, and I know well there was ground for it, yet be- caufe the fame is not fo generally underftood as this which I have inftanced, therefore I forbear to condefcend. And upon the other account it was, that John earl of Traquair, high treafurer (under profelFion of friendfhip enough to the bifhops) had under-hand dealing with their adverfa- ries ; for he conceived a jealoufy (and many thought not without caufe) that the bifliops intended his fall, to the end Mr. John Max- well, biihop of Rofs, might be made trea- furer; and therefore in a covered way he did what he could to fupplant them. Neither were there wanting in the court, at the king's own elbow, divers, who for the ill-will they carried to the bifhops, favoured that way, whofe names I fpare till after- wards, BISHOP GUTHRY. 15 wards, that I come to make account of their aftings. And withal, their adverfaries had for a long time entertained at London one Mr. E- leazer Borthwick (a man well travelled, and fit for fuch work) tranfafting with noncon- formifts there, to have thoughts of attempt- ing fomething for reformation in that church, how foon the work fhould begin here; the (aid Mr. Borthwick returned in February ' 1 637, and made them an account of his fuc- cefs, which being to their mind, did much encourage them. They had alfb correfpondence with the Scotifli minifters in the north of Ireland, for making fome ftickhng there; wherein they were not deficient; and fb at length (know- ing what was upon the wheel here) they waxed fo tumultuous againft the order of that church, as m,ade their bifhops to turn them out ; whereupon they came over to Scotland, with a great noife of the perfecu- tion they had met with, and were looked upon by their friends here as fo many mar- t3TS, fo that care was taken for their llielter and fubfiftence in the weft, until the revolu- tion which enfued, that places were emptied for them. The adverfaries had alfo other advantages of them; as firft, vi^ant of harmony amongft the biihops, by reafon that the younger, who in wifdom and experience were far Ihort of the elder, yet were no ways obfervant of them, which came to pafs upon this occafion. It i6 THE MEMOIRS OF It had been king James's cuftom, when a bi- fhopric fell void, to appoint the archbifhop of St. Andrews to convene the reft, and name three or four well qiiahfied, fo that there could not be an error in the choice, and then out of that lift that king pitched upon one, whom he preferred; whereby it came to pafs, that during his time moft able men were ad- vanced, as, Mr. William Couper to Galloway, Mr. Adam Ballantine to Dunblain, Patrick Forbes of Corie to Aberdeen, Mr. David Lindfay to Brechin, and Mr. John Guthry to Murray. But King Charles followed another way, and without any confultation had with the bi- fhops, preferred men by moyen at court; fb upon Buckingham's commendation, Dr. Le- fley was made bifhop of the Ifles, and at the intreaty of James Maxwell of the bed-cham- ber, Mr. John Maxwell made bifliop of Rofs, and by the archbifliop of Canterbury's Moyen, Mr. Thomas Sydeferfe was made bifhop of Brechin, and Dr. Wedderburn bifhop of Dun- blain ; and when Sydeferfe was removed from Brechin to Galloway, Mr. Walter Whit- ford was made bifliop of Brechin, by the moyen of the earl of Stirling, the fecretary of Scotland. Now among thefe late bifhops whom king Charles preferred, none were generally e- fteerned gifted for the office, except bifliop Maxwell, of whom it cannot be denied, but he was a man of great parts; but the niif chief was, they were accompanied with un- bounded BISHOP GUTHRY. 17 bounded ambition; for it did not content Him to be a lord of the fecret council (as were the reft) but he behoved alfo to be a lord of the exchequer, and a lord of the feflion extraor- dinary, and at laft to be lord high-treafuf^r, which proved fatal to them all. Thus the young bifhops, not having been beholdeh to the old bifhops for their prefer- ment, for that caufe they depended not upon them, but kept a fellowiliip among them- lelves apart; and happening to gain an inti- macy with the archbifhop of Canterbury, cauled him to procure from the king, power to himfelf to prefcribe things to the old bi- fhops, which they did not well relifh. Another advantage the adverfaries had, i}i/2iS the difcontent which daily endreafed a- mong the miniftry, becaufe of the bifhops too rriuch flighting of them; yet was not this to be imputed to the old bifhops, who were prudent and humble men, and gave fefpe^t to all honeft and deferving minifters as their brethren, but it was the fault only of the younger bifhops, who indeed carried them- felves fo loftily, that minifters (ignified little in their reckonihg. And the third was the mdft fatal of all, and this was the ftatefmens treachery towards them; for when they, who in his majefty^s abfence fhould underprop them, do under- nline them, it is ominous; yet fowas it then, albeit all profefted for them, yet under-board riioft of them wrought againft them, being partly led on by the treafurer, and partly irri- C - tate^! i8 THE MEMOIRS OF tated by the younger bifhops pride, and their too much meddling in flate affairs. Now things being in this pofture, provi- dence afforded the fairefl occafion their ad- verfaries could have wifhed, for appearing in. aftion againft them; and this it was. The king at his coming to Scotland in the year 1633, had brought with him Dr. Laud, then bifhop of London, fhortly after archbilhop of Canterbury (one who had much power with his majefty, but was generally hated by the people.) He, beholding our form of worfhip, did, in conference with our bifhops, and o- thers of the clergy, tax the nakednefs thereof in divers refpe^ls, but chiefly for our want of a liturgy, vv^hereby he thought all might be helped. The old bifhops replied, ** That in " king James's time there had been a motion " made for it, but that the prefenting thereof " was deferred, in regard the articles of Perch, " then introduced, proved fo unwelcome to *' the people, that they thought it not fit nor " fafe, at that time to venture upon any far- *' ther innovations, and they were not yet " without fome fear, that if it fhould be gone ** about, the confequence thereof might be " very fad." But bilhop Maxwell, and with him Mr. Thomas Sydeferfe (who was then but a candidate) and Mr. Mitchel, and o- thers, prelfed hard that it might be, affur- ing that there was no kind of danger in it ; whereupon bifliop Laud (who fpake as he would have it) moving the king to declare it to be his will^ that there fhould be a liturgy in BISHO.P GUTHRY. 19 in this church, his majefty commanded the bifhops to go about the forming of it. Howfoon this came to be noifed, the perfect- ing of the frame was not more wifhed by the Epifcopal men, than by thofe of the contrary judgment, albeit, upon different accounts ; the former to exprefs their acquiefcence in the king's will, or (poffibly) thinking it a good to the church ; but the others prefumed (wherein they were not miftaken) that the noife of it would ftartle the whole nation, fo as to render them inclinable to engage in a war for oppofing it, which they thought might readily infer the extermination of Epifcopacy, with all the dependencies of it. The bifhops, in the mean while, were bufy about the work, and at length, towards the end of the year 1636 compleated it, after which nothing wanted, but to get it author- ized, and fo made pra6licable. Which while they were about to do, there arofe a clamour againft them (which upon the fudden fpread throughout the whole land) that religion was undermined by a confpiracy betwixt the archbifhop of Canterbury and o- ther bifliops, and that they (being fuborned by him) were bringing in the mafs-book. This wrought fo upon people every where, that all men concluded there was no way to efchew a public rupture, but to fupprefs the book; and indeed the archbifhop of St. An- drews, with the wifeft of his brethren, laid it to heart, and wrote to the archbifhop of C 2 Canter- 20 THE MEMOIRS OP Canterbury to deal with the king, that the book nnight be kept back, till the nation were better prepared to receive it; which poflibly would have been hearkened unto, if our bi- fhops had been harmonious anept it ; but thofe among them who had been lately pre- ferred (being hot-blooded, and wanting fome- what of the experience which the elder fort had) weqt not along with them, but com- plied with the treafurer's opinion that the work fhould go on: Concerning which, the treafurer having gotten fome lines under their hands to the archbiihop of Canterbury, his lordfhip ported away to court, and there fug- gefted to Canterbury, that there was no dan- ger to be apprehended, only the old bifhops were timorous men, and feared where no caule of fear vyas; in token whereof, if his grace would move the king to lay his com- mands upon him, he fhould, upon his life, carry through the bufmefs, without any ftiro Canterbury (being ignorant that the treafu- rer's zeal for promoting the work, was tQ ruin the bifhops, efpecially he having brought him letters from thofe amongft them with w'loni he correfponded moft) was fo affected ■vvith the treafurer's fpegches, that albeit he thought not fit that a work of that nature (hoiild be committed to a laick, yet procured to hi^n'eh a warrant from the king, to com- mand the bifuops (upon all hazards) to go forward in it; threatening them withal, that if tiiey iin Jeered in it longer, the king would turn them out of their places, and fill the fame BISHOP GUTHRY. 21 fame with vigorous and refolute men, who would not be afraid to do him fervice. The bifhops having, at the treafurer's re- turn, received this peremptory command, were not all alike well pleated ; the younger bifhops were overjoyed, and efteemed the treafurer their befl friend, who had obtained the thing they defired;^ but the wife old bi- fhops were of another mind, and thought more than they fpake; however now they had nothing left them, but either to do or die. Whereupon (and being mightily encouraged by the treafurer^s ample promifes of afTillance and fharing in their lot) they did cafl away their fear, and went to work. And indeed it is remarkable, that there- after they a6l:ed fo far contrary to thofe rules of prudence and policy, whereby they had been accuftomed to manage their affairs, that all men began to efpy a fataUty in it. For they laboured not (as formerly they had done in lefler matters) to have their book brought in by an ecclefiaftical fanftion, but having gotten it authorized by an aft of coun- cil, proceeded without more ado to urge the praftice thereof Whereby they provoked againfl themfelves the mofl part even of thofe miniflers that were Epifcopal in their judg- ment, who thought it a very fad matter, that a liturgy fhould be impofed upon the church, without the knowledge and confent of the church; and judged it fuch a dangerous pre- parative, that thereby the civil power might !in after-times introduce any thing (tho' never fo 22 THE MEMOIRS OF fo hurtful to religion) and the church never get one voice in it : And they were the more offended, in regard king James, of bleded me- mory, had never prefTed any thing that way, but whatfoever he would have done, ufed to take a church way in it. Neither did they at firft urge the pra£lice of their liturgy upon the remotefl diocefes, and other places, where there was the leaft averfenefs from fuch changes, but made the firft eflays where opppfition was mofl probably to be expefted. Thus they began the work in the city of Edinburgh, where upon the 1 6th of July 1637 (at their command) the minifters in their feveral pulpits made intimation that the next fabbaih (being the 23d) the fervice-book would be read in all the churches, extolling the benefit of it, and exhorting the people to comply with it. When the next fabbath was come, two of thofe minifters that had made the intimation (viz. Mr. Andrew Ramfay, and Mr. Henry RoUock, having gotten fome notice of the oppofition that was to be made) kept the old way of worfhip, and meddled not with the book ; but the reft refolved to read it ; and that the work might be done in St. Giles's kirk with the- greater folemnity, the bifliop of Edinburgh came there himfelf from Holy-- roodhoufe to aftift at it. No fooner was the fervice begun, but a multitude of wives and ferving women in the feveral churches, rofe in a tumultuous way, and iSlSHOP GUTHRY. 23 and having prefaced a-while with defpightful exclamations, threw the ftools they fate on at the preachers, and thereafter invaded them more nearly, and ftrove to pull them from their pulpits, whereby they had much ado to efcape their hands, and retire to their houfes. And for the bifhop (againft whom their wrath was mod bent) the magiftrates found difficulty enough to refcue him; and when they had brought him without the church, he was yet in danger to have been murdered in the ftreet, had not (by providence) the earl of Roxburgh (who by the death of Thomas earl of Haddington had lately been made privy-feal) received him into his coach, which drove fo quickly, that they could not over- take them. This tumult was taken to be but a rafh e • tnergent, without any predeliberation; where- as the truth is, it was the refult of a conful- tation at Edinburgh in April, at which time Mr. Alexander Henderfon came thither from his brethren in Fife, and Mr. David Dickfon from thofe in the weft country; and thofe two having communicated to my lord Balmerino and Sir Thomas Hope the minds of thofe they came from, and gotten their approbation there- to, did afterwards meet at the houfe of Ni- cholas Balfour in the Cowgate, with Nicho- las, Eupham Henderfon, Bethia and Elfpa Cra;ig, and feveral other matrons, and re- commended to them, that they and their ad- herents might give the firft affront^to the book, 24 THE MEMOIRS OF book, afTuring them that men fliould after- wards take the bufinefs out of their hands. The matrons having undertaken fo to do, Mr. Alexander Henderfon returned to Fife, Mr. David Dickfon retired to the weft, having; by the way of Stirling, and other places where he halted (left notice fhould be taken of his being at Edinburgh at that time) given out, that his errand there was to convoy Mr. Ro- bert Blair to a Ihip, who profeded to intend for Germany, to preach to a regiment; v^^here* as in the mean time they had other things in their heads. Notwithftanding the affront in Edinburgh (which fhould have made the bifhops more wary) the next attempt was alfo inconfiderate, being made in the eaft part of Fife, where the bilhop of St. Andrews caufed a meflen- ger charge Mr. Alexander Henderfon and Mr. James Bruce to read the book, undei' pain of horning. This Mr. Henderfon had been in his youth very Epifcopal, in token whereof, being a profeflbr of philofophy in St. Andrews, he" did, at the laureation of his clafs, chufe arch' biftiop Gladftanes for his patron, with a very flattering dedication, for the which he had the kirkof Leuchars given him fhortly after; , and before he had been many years there, fell into intimate acquaintance with Mr. William Scot in his declining days. Upon Mr. Hen- derfon all the miniftry of that judgment de- pended J and no wonder, for in gravity, learn- BISHOP GUT HRY. 25 ing, wifdom, and flate-policy, he far exceedeci any of them. Always he and the other being charged, had their recourfe to the privy council; and upon the twenty-third of Auguft fupplicated their lordlhips for a fupenfion of the charge. The lords of the council did take the fuppli- cation to heart, and wrote to the king there- anent, defiring to know his mind againfl the twentieth of September, to which day the fupplicants were referred for anfwer. The bifhops expelled the council fhould have rejected thofe minifters fupplication, and alfo inflicted fome exemplary puniihment upon thofe that afted in the tumult at Edinburgh; and when neither was done, they (knowing the treafurer's power in council to be fuch, that he ruled matters at his pleafure) began. then to be jealous of him, when it was too late. However, the good acceptance which Mr. Henderfon and the other found at coun^ cil, being communicated to their correfpon- dents in feveral parts, there followed there- upon much trafficking throughout the coun- try, for drawing numbers to Edinburgh a- gainft the next council diet, and not without fuccefs; for upon the nineteenth of Septem- ber arrived there the earls of Rothes, Caffiis, Eglinton, Home, Lothian, and Wemyfs ; the lords Lindfay, Yefter, Balmerino, Cranlloun, and Loudoun; and befides thofe, divers bur- geiles and minifters from Fife, and the weft- P ern 26 THE MEMOIRS OF €rn fhires, all which upon the morrow pre- fented their rupplication againft the book. The oracle whom the fupplicants consulted anent the legality of their proceeding, was Sir Thomas Hope (his majefty's advocate) who, tho' he profefled to have no hand in the bufinefs (being the king's fervant) yet in the mean time privately laid down the grounds and ways whereby they were to proceed ; and, that he might not be remarked, pitched upon Balmerino and Mr. Henderfbn to be the men, who, from time to time, fliould come to him, and receive his overtures. The treafurer yet profefTed to be for the bifhops, but bewrayed himfelf abundantly, not only by his private correfpondence with the fupplicants, but alio by his carriage in public, which tended altogether to dired them to hound fair, and encourage them t6- go on. Befides thofe, fome other lords fpoke fa* vourably in council of the fupplicants, and paffionately rebuked the bifhops ; amongft whom they did take mofl offence at the earl of Morton, in regard, that he of all Scotfmen (the marquis of Hamilton excepted) had ta- iled mofl deeply of the king's bounty : But by this time the bifliops were become fo de- fpicable, that neither Morton, nor any others valued their offence; yet was it thought a reafon why his lordfhip did the fooner return to court, left in his abfence they might in- form to his prejudice. However, the council deferred anfwer to the fupplicants until the • feven* BISHOP GUTHRY. 27 (eventeenth of 0<5lober, writing in the mean time to the king, what height the ftir was come to, and intreating his majefty's anfwer againft that day ; likeas the duke of Lenox being pre- fent (who had come to Scotland to attend the burial of his mother, the countefs of Abercorn, and was the next day to begin his journey to court) they defired his grace to reprefent the bufinefs fully to his majefty, and fo the coun- cil diflblved. The fupplicants, upon the morrow there- after, met again at their feveral cabals, and unto the minifters were joined Mr. Andrew Ramfay, and Mr. Henry Rollock, where the main thing treated in their meeting was, how the brethren throughout the kingdom might be made to concur with them (in regard few as yet appeared, except from Fife, and the weftern parts;) and fo it was laid upon Mr. Henry Rollock to deal with thofe of Lo- thian, Merfe, and Teviotdale; Mr. Andrew Ramfay to take the like pains with thofe of Angus and Mearns ; Mr. Robert Murray to travel with them of Perth and Stirling fliires; and an advertifemcnt was ordered to be fent to Mr. Andrew Cant, to ufe the like diligence in the north; and fo the minillers disbanded for that time. On the feventeenth of Ofto- ber multitudes of people from feveral parts ( f the land flocked to Edinburgh to join in fuppli- cating, and that lo generally, that befide the increafe of noblemen, who had not been for- merly there, there were few or no (hires on the fouth of the Grampian hills, from which ' D 2 came 28 THE MEMOIRS OF came not gentlemen, burghers, minifters, an4 commons. Yet if his majefty's anfwer, which the coun-r cil received, had tended to difcharge the fer- vice-book (as peaceable men expefted and wifhed) the mod part had returned home well latisfied; and thofe that were otherwife minded, would have flaid with a thin back; but, inftead thereof, the firft thing the fup- plicants heard, was a proclamation at the mercat-crofs, ordaining the fervice-book to be pra6liled at Edinburgh, and other places ad- jacent ; the council and feflion to remove from Edinburgh, firft to Linhthgow, and there- after to Stirling, and the whole fupplicants to depart out of Edinburgh towards their own homes, within twenty-four hours, under pain of horningr. This irritated the people of Edinburgh fo, that the next morning the women fell to work again, and affembled on the ftreet to the num- ber of three hundred. Their place of ren- dezvous was Forrefler's Wynd-head ; and their firft attempt was upon bifhop Sydeferfe, who going to the council-houfe with Francis Stuart, (on to the late earl of Bothwell, for examining fome witnelles in his bufinefs, was invaded by thofe women with fuch vio- lence, that probably he had been torn in pieces, if it had not been that the faid Fran- cis, with the help of two pretty men that at- tended him, refcued him out of their barba- rous hanxls, and hurled him in at the door, hold. BISHOP GUTHRY. 29 holding back the purfuers until thofe that were within fhut the door. Thereafter the provoft and bailies being aflembled in their council, thofe women be- leaguered them, and threatened to burn the houie about their ears, unlefs they did pre- fently nominate two commiiTioners for the town, to join with the fupplicants; which, to compefce the tumult, they were forced to do; and fo thefe matrons disbanded for that day, having nothing more committed to them at that time by thofe that hounded them out. The noife of the town of Edinburgh's be- ing joined to the fupphcants, had fuch influ- ence upon the boroughs, that whereas the moft part of them had formerly lain by, very fliortly after, all of them (Aberdeen only ex- cepted) came into the caufe; and indeed, be- ing once engaged, turned the moft furious of any; fo that neither their own minifters, nor any other that difliked the courfe, could be in fafety among them. Notwithftanding the proclamation, where- by the fupplicants were commanded to de- part forth of Edinburgh, &c. they remained neverthelefs in town, and met the next day at their feveral tables, for confuking what was next to be done; where, left fuch minifters as were not upon the fecrets of the biifmefs, fhould (for fear of contravening the procla- mation) have withdrawn, the noblemen be- hoved to advertife them, which otherwiie they would have been loth to divulge, how they had aifurance from the treafurer (not- with- 50 THE MEMOIRS OF whhflanding the proclamation) no notice lliould be taken of their remaining in town, provided they kept within doors, and did not appear on the ftreet; whereupon, tho' they abode in their meeting-houfes all that day, yet the moft part of it was fpent ere they fell upon bufinefs, in regard that Bal- merino and Mr. Henderfon were all that while with Sir Thomas Hope, getting their leflbns. How foon they returned from him to the lords, Mr. Henderfon brought from them a propofition to the minifters. That whereas they had formerly fupplicated to be freed from the fervice-book, &c. they might now tax the bifhops for their contrary party, com- plain of them as underminers of religion, and cravejuftice tobe done upon them; but to this many of the minifters were very unwilling, profefTmg that they came there only to be freed of the fervice-book, and otherwife had no quarrel to the bifhops, which being re- ported to the noblemen, they fent the earl of Rothes and lord Loudoun to perfuade the minifters ; who, with their long orations (wherein was a mixture of allurements and threatenings) prevailed fo upon the minifters, that the challenge againft the bifliops (being prepared before-hand) was inftantly lubfcri- bed by them all, and delivered to the clerk of the council, and alfo copies thereof given them, to be carried home to their feveral presbyteries and pariflies, to be fubfcribed by all ranks, and returned again the next coun- cil BISHOP GUTHRY. 31 ell day, which was to be the fifteenth of November. This being done, the minifters were de- mitted for that time, and returning home, thundered fo from their pulpits, that againft the fifteenth of November, multitudes of all forts of people (in greater number than for- merly) from all quarters, came to Edinburgh with their fupplications. And among other nobles (who had not been formerly there) came at that diet the earl of Montrofe, which was mod taken notice of; yea, when the bifhops heard that he was come there to join, they were fomewhat af- frighted, having that efteem of his parts, that they thought it time to prepare for a florni when he engaged. ' Always the number being lb great (in re- gard the council diets were not fo frequent) the noblemen confidered the multitude could not remain in town to attend the fame; and therefore, after fome days ftay, they appoint- ed that certain out of every ftate fhould be chofen, to abide with them conftantly at E- dinburgh, and wait upon the diets of coun- cil for aniwer, and the reft to return homC/ which was done. The council fate thereafter at Dalkeith (the lord treafarer's refidence) where the noblemen and commiffioners that attended them, did, on the nineteenth of December, pre- fent unto the council a declinature againft the billiops, that they, being now made party, might not fit and vote in that judicature t The 32 THE MEMOIRS OF The lord treafurer. Sir James Carmichael, treafurer-depute, Sir Thomas Hope, advo- cate, and Sir John Hamilton, juftice-clerk, did all at that diet difcover themfelves more clearly for the fupplicants, than formerly they had; the earl of Roxburgh, lord privy- feal, was more referved; but none of the ftatefmen fpoke cordially for the bifhops> ex^ cept Sir John Hay, clerk-regifter. The refult of the council was, to fend up the lord treafurer to inform the king of the height the bufinefs was come to: the biihops that were prefent oppofed to the uttermoft that he fhould be employed, but were not able to hinder it, in regard, Roxburgh and the chief of the counfellors were eager for it ; and fo his lordfhip began his journey to court upon the twenty-firft day of December 1 63 7. 1638. UPON the eighth of January the council and feflion (in obedience to the procla- mation of the feventeenth of October) met in Stirling, and continued there until the end of February. Upon the fourteenth of February, the trea- furer returned from court to Dalkeith; where- upon the noblemen and commiflioners refid« ing at Edinburgh, fent privately to him his neighbour the lord Cranftoun, to bring them intelligence how matters ruled above. Upon BISHOP GUTHRY. 33 Upon the fixteenth of February the trea- furer came to Edinburgh, where he ftayed 'till the nineteenth (and fpoke with them at length) and then at two o'clock in the morn- ing he pofted away to Stirhng. What notice the noblemen had from him- felf of his diet, was concealed, and they pro- feiled to have learned it only by fome foot, men of their own, who lodged in the ftabler's houfe, where the treafurer's horfes flood. Always no fooner was the treafurer gone> but (as if they had been furprized therewith) they gave an alarm through the town, andi convened all by three o'clock, and imme- diately difpatched after him the earl of Home and lord Lindfay, that if any proclamation were publillied at Stirling, before they could come that length, thofe two might (in their names) proteft againft the fame; and Home and Lindfay pofted fo faft, that they pafled by the treafurer in Torwood, and were at Stirling an hour before him. Upon the treafurer's arrival, the chancel- lor prefently called a council, and at ten o'clock caufed to be publiflied at the mercat- crofs his majefty's proclamation, approving the fervice-book, &c. and difcharging all meetings to the contrary, under pain of trea- fon: Home and Lindfay protefted againft the proclamation, taking inftruments in the hands of Mr. David Forrefter, notary; the reft of the noblemen then at Edinburgh fol- lowed towards Stirling as faft as they could, having firft fent pofts through the Lothians, E and ^4 THE MEMOIRS OF and to Fife and Perthfliirc, warning all tliat loved the caufe to come to Stirling with all poflible hade. The noblemen from Edinburgh arrived at Stirling at four o'clock in the ajpternoon, and ere midnight the town was full of armed men, that came upon their call from all quarters. The next morning it went current, that archbiiliop Spotfvvood the chancellor would get the fame meafure^, which his predecedbr archbifhop Hamilton nad many years before gotten in that town ; and indeed the giddy fort would have had it lb. But the noblemen, and the wifeft of the minifters, abhorred the motion, and fo no- thing of that kind was attempted ; only hav- ing fpoken with the treafurer, and others of the council, and commifTionated Arthur Er- fkine of Scotfcraig, and Sir William Murray of Pomais, to renew their declinature at the firfl diet of council, the noblemen, and all the reft (reckoned above 2000) rode ftraight from Stirling to Edinburgh, there to confult what was next to be done ; whereof the if- luc was, that after Ibme days advifement and confukation with Sir Thomas Hope, and o- ther lawyers, they refolved upon a covenant^ to be fubfcribed by all that would join with them. And fo upon the firft of March i 638, they being all aflembled in the Gray-friers church, and church-yard, the covenant (having been prepared before-hand) was publicly read, and fub- biSHOP GUTHRY. 35 fubfcribed by them all with much joy and fhouthig. The archbifhop of St. Andrews being then returned from Stirling to Edinburgh, when he heard what was done, faid, '' Now all " that we have been doing thefe 30 Years *' paft is thrown down at once;" and, fear- ing violence, he prefently fled away to Lon- don (where the next year he died;) fo did alfo fuch other of the biihops, as knew themfelves to be moft ungracious to the people; only four of them ftaid at home, whereof three dehvered their perfons and fortunes from fuf- ierings, by their iblemn recantations ; thofe were Mr. Alexander Ramfay, bifhop ofDun- keld, Mr. George Graham, biihop of Ork- ney, and Mr. James Ferly, biiliop of Ar- gyle ; but the fourth, Mr. John Guthry, bifliop of Murray, as he chofe not to flee, fo upon no terms would he recant, but patiently endured excommunication, imprifonment, and other fufl^erings, and in the midH: of them ftood to the jufhfication of Epifcopal govern- ment until his death. Many copies of the covenant were fent through the country to the feveral presbyte- ries, boroughs, and pariflies, to be fubfcrib- ed; vi^hich was every where done with joy, except in the north parts, where many op- pofed it. Upon the noife of the general acceptance which the covenant had, the council met a- gain at Stirling upon the tenth of March, and lent up Sir John Hamilton, jufticeclerk, to in- E 2 fonu 36 THE MEMOIRS OF form the king how bufinefs went ; who, at his- return upon the twentieth of April, delivered to the council a letter from his majefty, where- in he called for the lord treafurer, the lord privy-feal, and the lord Lorn, to repair to court, that he might conlult with them what to do. Thofe three went up immediately, and after conference with them., his majefty re- folved to fend down James, marquis of Ha- milton, commiffioner, with power to fettle all. The lord Lorn returned upon the twentieth of May, but the treaiurer and privy-feal re- mained at court until the commilfioner was ready to take journey; and the reafon of Lorn's hafte was talked to be a counfel, that his father (the earl of Argyle, who refided at court) gave the king, which was, to keep his fon with him, and not let him return to Scotland, or elfe he would wynd him a pirn -{that was his expreifion.) The king thanked Argyle for his counfel» but faid, " He beho- *'■ ved to be a king of his word;" and there- fore, having called him up by his warrant, would not detain him. So Lorn was diimilTed, and came quickly home, and was the firft that told of his ma- jefty's purpole to fend the marquis of Hamil- ton; and inde'id when the noife of it fpread, the few that remained i anti-covenanters were much difcouraged, expecling no good by him; yea, they {pared not in their public difcour- fes to revive the llory of that debate which' had BISHOP GUTHRY. 37 had been betwixt the lord Rea and David Ramfay, concerning his pretenfions to the crown, and many other things to the noble- man's difadvantage. Always his grace came to Dalkeith the tenth of June, accompanied with the treafu- rer, privy-feal, and others, where the lord Lorn alfo waited upon him. Againft which time the noblemen and commiflioners refiding at Edinburgh, had advertifed all the cove- nanters throughout the land to come there; and indeed they made fuch an appearance, that they reckoned to be convened at that time above twenty thoufand, and of mini- fters above feven hundred. But few of the minifters were fo much courted by the noblemen, as thofe who the year paft had come over from Ireland, in re- gard they found by their pulfe how ready they would be to go with them to the utmoft of their defigns. Whereas they had lufpicion of many others (and not without caufc) that how foon they fliould go beyond that which they called reformation of the church, and encroach upon the king, they would fall a- way. The fpeedy provifion for thofe minifters was heartily recommended by the noblemen; and accordingly Mr. Robert Blair was planted in Air, Mr. James Hamilton in Dumfries, and the reft of them in Galloway and the places adjacent, all being vacant by the flight of thofe who had formerly ferved there; who for their difaffeftion to the covenant, were fo 38 THE MEMOIRS OF fo perfecnted by the people, that they found no way to fave their lives but by prefent a- bandoning their country. By this time returned from the north the earl of Montrofe, Mr. Alexander Henderfon, and Mr. David Dickfon, who had been fent thither upon this occafion. It was prefumed that the influence which the town and clergy of Aberdeen had upon the fhires adjacent, was the caufe of their averfenefs from the cove* nant ; and therefore were they employed to go there, and work their converfion. At their firft arrival, no minifters from the northern parts came to them, except only Mr. An- drew Cant, minifter at Pitfligo; yet they had the confidence to engage in difpute with the do(ftors of Aberdeen, and there pa (Ted be- twixt them replies and duplies on both fides, which were printed. The anti-covenanters boafted that their do£lors had the viftory in the difpute; which was not to be admired; for Mr. Dickfon and Mr. Cant could make little help to Mr. Henderfon ; and for him, (though it cannot be denied that he was a learned man) yet, without wronging him, it ma}^ be thought, that he could not well hold up againft all thofe doftors, who foi^ their eminency in learning were famous not only at home, but alfo throughout other churches abroad. Howbeit, thofe do£lors continued obfti- rtate (whereby thereafter they came to be fo perfecuted, that, for faving their lives, they were forced to flee out of their coun* try) BISHOP GUTHRY. 39 try) yetMontrofe, with the alTiftance of thofe three minifters (whom Mr. Forrefter, in his litany, called the apoftles of the covenant) pre* vailed with many of the citizens to fubfcribe the covenant/ and by their example had the like fuccefs with mod of the minifters and people throughout the ihires adjacent; and \'o being accompanied with a great multitude of profelytes, they returned to Edinburgh in due time to wait upon the treaty with the lord commifTioner his grace. • The day whereon the commifTioner came from Dalkeith to Holyroodhoufe, he paffed by the fands of Leith, upon the knowledge whereof, the noblemen made all the people to be drawn forth to that place, whereby his grace might fee their numbers ; the minifters kept in a body by themfelves, and had Mr. William Livingfton, minifter at Lanerk* in readinefs to declaim an oration to him, which being told him, he difcharged it. After his fettling in Holyroodhoufe, the covenanters nominated to attend his grace> and treat upon the affairs, John earl of Rothes, James earl of Montrofe, and John lord Lou- doun, and with them Mr. Alexander Hender- fon, David Dickfon, and Andrew Cant. At the iirft meeting, his deportment to them was ftately and harfh; fo that upon the fourth of July he caufed to be publifhed at the crof$ pf Edinburgh a proclamation, tending rather to approve than condemn the fervice-book, and other novations complained on, which Was folemnly protefted againft by many thou- fandl 40 THE MEMOIRS OF fands prefent; and the proteilation was read by Mr. Archibald Johnfton, and inftruments taken in the hands of three notaries ; which was done by the earl of CaiTds, in the name of the nobility; by Mr. Alexander Gibfon of Dury, the younger, in the name of the gen- try; by James Fletcher, provoft of Dundee, in the name of the boroughs ; and by Mr. John Ker, in the name of the minifters; and the faid Mr. Archibald Johnfton was reader there- of, in the name of all who adhered to the co- venant. Upon the morrow thofe lords and minifters returned to his grace, and found him more plaufible in treating with them, even pub- licly before Roxburgh, Southelk, the trea- furer-depute, and juftice-clerk, and other counfellors that were prefent; but that which came to be moft talked of, was fomething which at their parting he told them in pri- vate; for, having defired thofe lords of coun- cil to ftay in that chamber till his return, himfelf conveyed them thro' the rooms, and ftepping into the gallery^ drew them into a corner, and then exprefted himfelf as fol- lows : My lords and gentlemen, " I fpoke to " you before thofe lords of council as the *' king's commiffioner; now there being none " prefent but yourfelves, I fpeak to you as " a kindly Scotfman : If you go on with *' courage and refolution, you will carry *' what you pleafe; but if you faint and '' give BISHOP GUTHRY. 41 " give ground in the lead, you are undone ; " A word is enough to wife men." This having been fpoken in private, I fhould not have mentioned, were it not that it came fhortiy after to be public, and re- ports anent it were fo different, that fome made it better, and others worfe than it was. My warrants for what I have fet down are thefe, ift. That the fame very day Mr. Cant told it to Dr. Guild, who the next morning reported it to Mr. David Dalgleifli, minifter at Covvpar, Mr. Robert Knox, mi- nifter at Kelfo, and Mr. Henry Guthry, mini- fter at Stirhng. 2dly, The (aid Henry being that night with the earl of Montrofe at fupper, his lordfhip drew him to a window, and there told it him, in the very fame terms wherein. Dr. Guild had reported it to him ; adding that it wrought an imprelTion, that my lord Hamilton might intend by this bufinefs, to advance his defign; but that he would fu- fpend his judgment until he faw farther, and in the mean time look more narrow to his walking. The commiflioner, to avoid the indi£lion of an adembly and parliament, lay quiet at Holyroodhoufe, and after fome days abode there, retired to his houfe at Hamilton. Always, the next day the lords and minifters returned to his grace again, and after fome debates told him plainly, that notiiing but a .parliament and general alfembly could fettle F the t" 42 THE MEMOIRS OF the bufinefs. His grace craved leifure to make ,a journey to court for procuring the fame; whereunto they agreed, and fo he went away upon the ninth of July, promifing to return with his majefty's anfwer before the twelfth of Auguft: And, to pacify them a httle, did (before his going away) fend a proclamation, to the mercat-crofs of Edinburgh, for the council and feflion to fit there again, which vt^as prefently obeyed. Upon the eighth of Auguft the commifHoner returned, and the morrow declared in coun- cil that he had obtained from his majefty al- lowance to indift a parliament and aflembly, provided the covenanters fliould firft conde- fcend to fome preparatory articles. Where- upon peaceable men trafficked much to dif pofe them to a condefcenfion, but all in vain; for thoie articles being upon the thirteenth day offered to them, were rejefted. After which his grace told them that his inftrufkions did not warrant him to grant any parliament and adembly, until his majefty were further fup- plicated; and therefore defired time until the twentieth of September to go to the king for that end, which upon the twenty-third of Auguft was by them condefcended unto, up- on condition that thereafter no more delays fhould be fought. So that day his grace be- gan his journey to court. And in his abfence there was a treatife printed at Edinburgh, and fpread, holding out reafons for the church's power to keep afi^emblies without the raagiftrate's allowance, in BISHOP GUTHRY. 43 In cafe of his averfenefs, which fliewed the defign intended, in cafe his majefty fliould happen to refufe. The commifTioner returned upon the fe- venteenth of September, and having conven- ed the council, his grace and the whole lords thereof (according to his majefty's command) did upon the twenty-fecond day fubfcribe that covenant, which of old in the year 1580, had been fubfcribed by king James and his coun- cil, and by the body of the land ; and they alfo by proclamation at the crofs of Edin- burgh difcharged the fervice-book, the book of canons, and high commiflion, declaring the Perth articles to have no force, and indicted a general alTembly to fit at Glafgow upon the firft of November K^gS, and a parliament at Edinburgh upon the fifteenth of May 1 639. Upon the hearing thereof all moderate men were overjoyed, expecting that the co- venanters would now be well iatisfied (and fo indeed would the moft part of them have been, that went on in fimplicity;) but the leaders, . whom the reft durft not contradict, inftead of acquiefcing, went boldly to the mercat-crofs with a proteftation, wherein, as they profefTed to accept the favours granted them, in t^iat proclamation with thanks, io did they proteft againft the tenor of it,, as being in other things not fatisfa61:ory : Mr. Archibald Johnfton read their proteftation, and inftruments thereupon were taken in the hands of three notaries, by James earl of F 2 Mon- 44 THE MEMOIRS OF Montrofe, in the name of the nobility; by' Mr. Alexander Gibfon of Dury, the younger, in the name of the gentry; by George Porter- field, burgels of Glafgow, in the name of the boroughs; and by Mr. Henry RoUock, in the name of the minifters; and Mr. Archi- bald Johnfton was reader thereof, in the names of all that adhered to the covenant. This carriage ftumbled very many, and made them apprehenfive, that the leaders of the bnfmefs had more in their defigns than as yet they profelfed ; but they carried things with fo high an hand, that none had the courage to fpeak againll them ; all went along, tho' with a fecret reluftance; and it was no wonder, in regard, that by this time (the lords of the council excepted) they had well near engage ed the whole nation to the covenant, yea, e- ven the moft part of the highlanders alfo; thofe of them that had dependence upon the houfe of Argyle, fuch as the counties of Ar- gyle, Lorn, Kintyre, Cowal, and Breadal- biiie, were furious aflerters of it, to gratify their fuperior the lord Lorn (who, aliho' he profefTcd to ftand by the king, and in every thing went along with the council, yet was known to be cordial for the covenanters, and to have intimate correfpondence with them;) $nd for the reft, albeit in their hearts they abhorred the covenant, yet (to avoid the wrath of great men, and thinking it the moft pro- bable way to efcape fuffering) they alfo went along with the multitude. The BISHOP GUTHRY. 45 The commiflloner, fince the indiftion of the aflembly and parliament, lay quiet at Holy- roodhoufe, and after fome days abode there, retired to his houfe of Hamilton, to wait upon the diet of the aflembly. But the noblemen, and certain commiiTio- ners of the other eftates, abode ftill at Edin- burgh, and kept up their cabals there, for preparing matters for the aflembly. And, firft, that with the more legality they might have the bifhops fecluded from claim- ing to be members thereof, the tables ap- pointed the feveral presbyteries where bi- fhops had refided, to fummon them (as trel^ paffers) to the aflembly, fome of them for faults alledged in their calling, others in their converfations, and fome for both, which was accordingly done. Next the tables at Edinburgh were care- ful to inform the presbyteries concerning the conftituent members of the aflembly, that there fhould be from every presbytery two minifters at leaft, and three at moft, together with one ruling elder. And as to the qualifications of the mini- fters that were to be chofen, to the end that fuch as they fufpecled 10 be falling from them might not be pitched on, they prefcribed di- vers caveats to be looked to in their ele- ftion; as that none fhould be chofen who had formerly been the king's chaplains, or members of bilhops chapters, or who had been juRices of peace, or upon the high com- miilion, and generally thofe of whom they had 46 THE MEMOIRS OF had not certain perruafion that they were fixed their way. And for the ruling elders, as there was to be but one from each presbytery, fo they enjoined that he fhould be a well-affe^led nobleman, if any fuch had lands within the bounds of that presbytery, and failing thereof a well-afFefted gentleman ; whereby it came to pafs, that all the noblemen who were fu- rious in the caufe, were elected either in one presbytery or other, and fo became mem- bers of the affembly. And left their private inftruftions fent to the presbyteries ihould be publicly known, whereby their adverlaries might efleem them prelimitations, and upon that account impugn the freedom of the affembly; therefore at the receiving of them, the brethren of each presbytery took an oath of fecrefy, which was very ill kept; for, before the affembly met, they were talked of every where, and brought to my lord commillioner's know- ledge. When the diet of the affembly drew near, the tables at Edinburgh confidered how fit it would be, that befides the commiffioners, the gentry of the country fliould be drawn thi- ther, to guard the affembly, and make it terrible to gainfayers; for which end they found out a pretty device: there were then fome robbers aloft in the highlands, of whom they made the bruit to pafs, that they would come down and befet the ways, and do vio- lence to the coramiflioners intheir journey to Glaf BISHOP GUTHRY. 47 Cflafgow; and that for preventing thereof, it was fit, that all who were zealous in the caufe fhould convey their commiflioners thither, and guard them during their fitting; which was done. The alTembly fate down the twenty-firft of November, 1638, and old Mr. John Bell, minifter of the town, did break up the af fembly. The lord commiifioner being prefent, was attended by the lords of council, amongft which was my lord Lorn (who is to be here- after called earl of Argyle, upon his father's death, which fell out at that time) his lord- fhip attended my lord commilTioner as a privy counfellor, not having as yet declared him- felf avowedly for the covenant. Mr. Alexander Henderfon was chofen mo- derator of the afTembly, Mr. Archibald Jolin- fton clerk; the lord commilTioner (attended by the council) fate in the alfembly until the twenty-eighth day, debating concerning the fcclufionof the biihops, and other things that belonged to the coniVitution thereof; and getting no iatisfaftion, did that day at four o'clock in the afternoon withdraw, and the next morning at nine o'clock did, by a pro- clamation at the mercat-crofs of Glafgow, difcharge the alTembly, under pain of trea-- fon ; which was folemnly protefted againft by many hundreds there prefent, and inftru- ments taken thereupon in their names by the carl of Rothes. Not- 4S THE MEMOIRS OF Notwithftanding the proclamation, the at femblyprefently thereafter met, and fate daily, for divers weeks, until they had done their af- fairs, and were themfelves pleafed to diflblve. The earl of Argyle came in that day to the affembly, and fate conftantly there until the clofe. His joining them caufed great re- joicing, yet many thought the flrain of the difcourfe he made at his entry, wanted of that prudence which might have been expeft- ed from him ; for it was to this effeft, '* That " from the beginning he had been theirs, " and would have taken that caufe by the '* hand as foon as any of them did, if it had *' not been, that he conceived that his pro- ** felling hitherto for the king, and going a- *' long with his council, was more available *' to them, than if he had declared himfelf " at firft for them." Always Argyle's example, together with the lord commiflioner's fo quiet deportment, being in the midfl of the country where his power lay, wrought fo upon the lords of the council, and other noblemen alfo (w^ho had formerly flood out) that many of them, du- ring the time of the aflembly, and others of them Ihortly after, joined to the cove- nanters. The chief things that were done in the aflembly were thefe; all preceding general allemblies fmce the year i 60^ were declared null; the fervice-book, the book of canons, the book of ordination, the high commilfion^ together with the five articles of Perth, were ali BISHOP GUTHR.Y. 49 all condemned ; that covenant which had been allowed in the year 1580 by king James, and this, to be declared fubftantiially one, and that Epifcopacy was in the former ab- jured. Thebifliops were alldepo{ed,and raoit part of them excommunicated (thofe bejng excepted from that cenfure that fubmitted ro the ailembl}'';) many minitiiers were aho de- pofed, and commilfioners appointed to fit in ieveral places after the rifing of the afTembi}^, for depofing the reft that fliould happen to perfift in oppofing the work; and ordaining Mr. Henderlon's tranfportation from Leu- chars to Edinburgh, they concluded that a letter fliould be framed and fent to the king, for obtaining his royal afTent for all things that were done. So upon the twentieth day of December 1638, the afTembly rofe in triumph: And upon the twenty-fourth the comrnilfion au- thorized by the adembly fate down. The commifTion which fate at Edinburgh needed no long procefs with the minifters thereof, in regard the fear of violence had forced them all to flee, except Mr. Andrew Ramfay, and Mr. Henry Rollock, who were both forward in the caufe, and fo not liable to cenfure. The firft that was brought there to draw in the yoke with them was Mr. Alexander Henderfon, and to his kirk of Leuchars was ^refented Mr. Eleazer Borthwick (he who formerly had flayed fome years at London G traf. 50 THE MEMOIRS OF trafficking with noii conformifts there;) but before he had remained two months at the faid kirk, he was by the leaders of the canfe quietly fent back again to London, to pro- fecute that trade, where he ftaid till his death. Likeas the earl of Haddington, who, af- ter his father's death, had gone up to kifs the king's hand, remained there at chat time; and it was whifpered, that under profeffion of waiting on his majerty, he tranfafted that fame bufinefs with the nobles, which Borth- wick did with the citizens, and others of the inferior rank, and thereof kept intelligence with the earl of Rothes his brother-in-law at home. In the end of December, the lord com- miffioner began his journey to court, hav- ing left the country (lince the rifing of the allembly) all in an uproar. i6j9. AND upon the ninth of January, 1639, Mr. George Winram of Libberton was fent to court with the aflembly's letter to the king; and as foon as the marquis of Hamilton told the king of his arrival and errand, the king commanded his lordfhip to receive the letter from Mr. Winram; and having upon the fifteenth day convened the Scotilh coun- cil, caufed the letter to be read in their pre- fence. BISHOP GUTHRY. 51 ience, and craved their opinion anentit; who all with one voice faid, it was a moft humble and well-penned letter; whereupon his ma- jefty took his anfwering of it into deliberation, and lliortly thereafter fent down a letter to his council here (which was read upon Ja- nuary the twenty-ninth) bearing, that for the better fettling of Scotifh matters, he would be at York againft the firfl of April, and would call the Scots council to come there and give :him advice. Notwithftanding hereof, the noblemen and minifters that remained at Edinburgh, and .had the leading of the bufinefs, profeded to •have intelligence, that the king intended no- thing but war, and was ufing his endeavours to raife an army, wherewith to invade this land; and upon that ground (albeit as yet -there was no anfwer from Mr. Winram, vvho returned not before March twenty-firft) they called a general meeting of noblemen and of commiffioners from the other eftates, to meet at Edinburgh upon the twentieth of February, for refolving upon a defenlive ■war. And being convened, and the bufinefs for which they were brought there propounded, .a paper fetting forth reafons for the lawfulnefs ,and neceffity of a defenfive war (being con- trived by Balmerino, Hope, and Hender- fon, before-hand) was read in the meeting; whereupon all the noblemen and others con- vened, profelTed they conceived fuch clear- ruefs in ithe queftion, that inflantly all of them G 2 with 52 THE MEMOIRS OF with one voice confented to the lifting of an armv> and voted general Lefley to be gene- ral thereof. Immediately thefe reafons were difperfed thro' all parts of the kingdom, for procuring an univerfal confent, and orders therewith fent to the minifters every where to frame their doftrine towards that end. And upon the twenty-firft of March, the general, accompanied with the people of E- dinburgh, and all other covenanters that were in town, went, and without any difpute had the caftle of Edinburgh furrendered, Mr. Archibald Halden, conftable thereof, having no provifion for holding it out ; for albeit in October laft the lord commiflioner had been careful to buy out the earl of Mar (formerly keeper thereof) and get the houfe in his own polleffion, yet his grace forgot to furnifli it afterwards either with men or meat ; lo that when general Lefley came be- fore it, there was not one man more within, but thofe few fervants, who, under the earl of Mar, had the keeping of it in time of peace ; neither had they one night's provifion by them. Thereafter the general, accompanied as before, went the twenty-third of March to Dalkeith (which then belonged to the king) and having the houfe furrendered to him, brought from thence to the caftle of Edinburgh, which now he had garrifoned, great ftore of powder and arms, which the earl of Tra- quair, high treafurer, had privately brought home BISHOP GUT HRY. 53 home from London, for the king's ufe; and his lordfhip was fo unfortunate, that very Ihortly it came to be believed, that himfelf was the man that put the general upon the prize. While the general was thus employed, there came a report from the north, that the Aberdonians were fortifying their town, and the marquis of Huntley and his friends draw- ing into a body; whereupon the general and his council, then at Edinburgh, appointed the earl of Montrofe, with all diligence, to levy Fife, Strathern, Angus, and Mearns, and march north, for fupprefling their infolence ; which he did with fuch wonderful celerity, that upon the thirtieth of March he charged Aberdeen; and indeed the defendants were fo frighted at his approach, that without dif pute they fubmitted to him, and demolilhed their fortifications : Some fiery minifters that attended him urged no lefs, than that he fhould burn the town, and the foldiers preffed for liberty to plunder it; but he was more noble than to hearken to fuch cruel motions, and fo drew away his army without harming them in the leaft; and marched towards the mar- quis of Huntley, who, upon the notice of his approach, disbanded his forces, and fent fome friends to treat (himfelf retiring in the mean time to his houfe of Strathbogie, to wait for an anfwer;) and when his mefTengers returned and delivered him Montrofe's anfwer, he came immediately thereafter himfelf to falute him^ and upon the fifth of April fubfcribed a writ 54 THE MEMOIRS OF a writ fubftantially the fame with the cove- nant, and conveyed Montrofe to Aberdeen, as being now on his fide ; yet fuch was his Jevity, that the next day he refiled from the writ he had figned; whereupon Montrofe re- ftored it to him, and brought him and his el- de/l ion, the lord Gordon, prifoners to Edin- burgh, where they were warded in the caftje: But his lecond fon, the lord Aboyne, fubfcri- bed the covenant; and therefore Montrofe dfuffered him to (lay in the north. Upon further intelligence of his majefty's vpreparations, after Montrofe's return from the north, general officers, colonels, and o- ther inferior commanders were ele£led ; and a committee of war appointed in every ftiire, for furthering the levies, and a fourth man throughout the whole land appointed to be drawn forth with fpeed; likewife meilengers were fent beyond fea for arms and ammuni- tion, which was much furthered by the Scots faftors in Campvere, who were all furious in the caufe, and advanced much thereto, refu- fing to be any more fubjefts, in that Sir Pa- trick Drummond made confervator, adhered to the king. The officers of the army being all agreed ,pn a fortification of the town of Leith, it was .begun, and advanced very faft, in regard, that ,befide the inferior fort, and fuch as wrought ffor pay, incredible numbers of volunteers, and -thofe of all forts, noblemen, gentlemen, and others, wrought at it, and none bufier ipi 'bearing the rubbiih ,^han ladiqs of honour. BISHOP GUTHRY. 5^ The next eafe was, how to be provided of money; and for this they infiniiated with William Dick, at that time the moft confide- rable merchant in Scotland, and flattered him fo, that he (being a vain-glorious man) advan- ced them very great (urns (whereby at laft he died a beggar;) at the firil, four hundred thoufand merks, and afterwards much more, for the which they caufed him to be made provofl of Edinburgh, the place being empty by Sir John Hay's flight into England, who, with prefident Spotfwood, who had alfo fled to efcape violence, and the Scotifli bifliops, did accufe the earlofTraquairbeforethe king, for his treacherous deportment in the Scots bufinefs, and gave in great ditties againfl: him before his majefty; but his majefty would not be induced to take any hard courfe with him, to the grief of all that were loyal, and the encouragement of rogues and traitors. The king at that time was in York, and re- ports came home daily to our great ones from ralfe-hearted men about him, what his pro- jects were, and at length, that he had attained to a confiderable army, and propofed fhortly to advance from York towards the borders; whereupon (great ftore of arms and ammu- nition being arrived here from Zealand, and difperfcd to their feveral (hires, whereby the foldiers were fufficiently armed) the ge- neral and his council fent new advertifement through the fliires,'for the whole regiments to march in all hafte towards the fouth, and in their Way to expeft the general'^ orders where to 56 THE MEMO IRS ^OF to have their rendezvous; which was accord- ingly obeyed, for the zeal of people in thofe days made them march like Jehu. Upon the twenty-firft of May the king's navy, confifting of twenty great iliips, arri- ved in the road of Leith, the marquis of Hamilton being commander in chief, and under him Sir John Pennington : There were faid to be in the fhips three thoufand foldiers for land fervice, befide as many as the fhips required ; upon report whereof, the lord Aboyne took the field again, with thofe of the name of Gordon, and other anti- covenanters in the north, and fent an invita- tion to the marquis of Hamilton, that he would be pleafed to employ his land foldiers to join with them, which his Iprdfliip refufed; yea, he was fo favourable to his native coun- try, that until the pacification, which fol- lowed thereafter, he lay ftill in the frith, and never attempted any thing at all. Yet was not that the reafon why the anti covenanters at that time fpoke fo loudly of the marquis's difloyalty, but it was becaufe of fome private correipondence his lordfliip had with the leaders of the covenanted fa£lion, which came to their knowledge ; for they underftood how Mr. William Cun- ningham of Brownhill was fent aboard to him, and that after his return, the next night the marquis came afhoar by boat to the links of Barnbougall at midnight, where my lord Loudoun met him, and had two hours conference with him ; and that afterwards his BIJ6H0P GUTHRY. ^7 his lordfhip returned to his fhips, and Lou- doun to thofe that fent him. This coining to be known, furnifhed oc- cafion of much talking to his prejudice, and particularly it wrought upon the earl of Mon- trofe, to entertain further jealoufy of his ways than before, which neverthclefs he concealed for a longfpace thereafter. By this time mod part of the regiments were marched fouthward, and before the ge- neral's removing from Edinburgh, his excel- lency, and his council of war, appointed Montrofe to commit his regiment to his lieu- tenant colonel, and himfelf to go northward, and raife the people of the fhires and boroughs of Angus and Mearns, for fupprefTmg the lord Aboyne and his forces ; which with fpeed he went about, and having levied a confiderable number, advanced towards them; they were reckoned to be 2000 foot, and 300 horfe, and he double the number, and more. The encounter was at the bridge of Dee, and the matter for fome hours well difputed on both fides. In the end Montrofe gained the bridge, and routed them, but with little blood-Ihed, in regard of thehighlanders fwift- nefs in flying, and that his generous mind was more eager for vidory than execution. Thofe in the north being fupprelled, Mon- trofe disbanded his forces in Angus, and re- tired to his own houfe, there to remain, ex- pelling that the general and his council fhould have invited him to come fouth and attend H his 58 THE MEMOIRS OF his regiment; which they neglecting to do, he went not, but (laid at home until the re- turn of the army, which was fhortly after. For by that time the king having brought his army within two miles of Berwick, gene- ral Leiley called all the Scotifh regiments to Dunfe, where they pitched on the twentieth of May. But both the armies (being in view of each other, tho' feven miles diftant) lay quiet, without attempting any thing, until the ele- venth of June; at which time the Scots lent, by the earl of Dunfermline, a fupplicationto the king for a treaty, which his majefty grant- ed : The place of treating was the earl of Arundel's tent, his majefty's general: From the Scotifh army went thither the earl of Rothes, lord Loudoun, Sir William Douglas of Cavers, and Mr. Alexander Henderfon. At their firft arrival, the king came unexpe- ftedly to that tent, and gave them a kifs of his hand; after which, with iome difcourfes that fell in, the treaty was adjourned until the thirteenth day, at which time they returned, and went forward in treating until the eigh- teenth day, upon which happily the treaty ended in pacification. The chief articles agreed on were, " That, " as the king would not own their afTembly *' at Glafgow, fo neither fhould they be ur- *\ g;ed to difown it: That there Ihould be " a fall and free adembly holden at Edin- " burgh upon Auguft the twelfth, and a '' parliament Auguit twenty-fixth. That in *' the. BISHOP GUTHRY. 59 ^' the mean, time both the armies fhould dil- '* band; all captivated prifoners and places " be reftored to the owners; and mutual ai- " furances from all damages." The agreement was upon the eighteenth of June, figned by the king, and his general and council, and upon the morrow his gene- ral, and the earl of Holland, and others came to Dunfe, general Lefley's head quarters, to fee it figned b}'^ him and his council of war. And fb upon the twentieth day, being Thurfday, at ten o'clock, both the Scotifh and Englifll armies disbanded, and returned peaceably home\vard. One thing bis majefty excepted much a- gainft, which fell out at the disbanding of the Scotifh army. He having (according to capitulation) fent the earl of Morton to the Scotifh army, to caufe publifh a proclama- tion, bearing. That his majefly owned the pacification, and therefore commanded them to disband, his proclamation was publicly protefted againft by the earl of Caffils, in the'^ name of the reft. This did highly difpleafe the king, and in token that it could not well be defended, when they were afterwards challenged anent it, they denied it to have been a proteflation, faying, that it was only a declaration of their adherence to the affembly of Glafgow; yet tlie armies were disbanded, and things were j5rofecuted, for a time, according to the trea- ty; fo that the earls of Winton, Roxburgh, H 2 Liu- 6o THE MEMOIRS OF Lauderdale, Haddington, and others that had been with the king, retired home. The caftle of Edinburgh was upon the twenty-fecond of June delivered to the mar- quis of Hamilton, his majefly's commilFioner, Vvho prefently placed general Ruthven in it ; whereupon followed on the morrow there- after, the twenty- third of June, the enlarge- ment of the marquis of Huntley, and his fon the lord Gordon ; and alfo upon the twenty feventh, by the marquis of Hamil- ton's command, the king's navy retired out of the frith towards England. Then were thofe that loved peace filled with hope that our troubles were ended ; but that was foon checked, by an accident which fell out upon the fecond of July, and im- ported, that the covenanters meant not to fifl: there; for that day the lord treafurer, with my lord Kinnoul, and general Ruthven, co- ming in coach from the caftle through the high ftreet of Edinburgh, the devout wives, who at firft put life in the caufe, did now, when it was in danger to be buried, reftore it again, by invading them, and throwing ftones at them. That this breach of the pacification had private allowance, few doubted, in that thofe women ufed not to run unfent, yet it was not publicly owned; for upon the fourth of July the lord Loudoun was difpatched to the king (then at Berwick) to excufe it, and, re- turning, brought an order from his majefty, requiring fourteen of the Scots to repair to his ilSHOP GUTHRY. 6i his court at Berwick, with whom he might confult anent the way of his incoming to hold the afTembly and parliament in perlbn. Thofe were Argyle, Rothes, Montrofe, Lothian, Ca(Iils, Dunfermline, Lindfay, Lou- doun, Sir William Douglas of Cavers, Mr. Henderfon, Mr. Archibald Johnlton, The provoft of Edinburgh, Edward Edgar, bailie there, and the provoft of Stirling. Of thofe there went, upon the (ixteenth of July, Rothes, Montrofe, Lothian, Sir William Douglas, Edward Edgar, and Mr. Archibald Johnflon, and having kilTed the king's hand, his majefty commanded them to lend back poft for the reft, which they did. Whereupon they prepared, as if they in- tended to go, but had it lo contrived, that when they came to the Watergate, to take horfe, multitudes were convened there to ftop them, upon pretence that if they went they would be detained. And fo it refolved in this, that the lord Loudoun fhould write an excufe to the king, which came to his^ hand the nineteenth day, but was not well taken. Upon the morrow thofe that were already with the king obtained difmiflion, upon pro- mife that they ftiould return and bring up the reft with them. But being come home, the matter was con- fulted, and refolved that it was not fafe for them to go; whereupon Lindfay and Lou- doun were fent to the king for excufing the bufinels, and returned upon the twenty-fe- venth 62 THE MEMOIRS OF venth of July, having left his majefty fo ill fatisfied, to be thus diftrufted, that (inflead of coming to Scotland to hold the enfuing alTembly and parliament in perfon) he did on Monday the twenty-ninth take his journey for London. "^ This was loudly exclaimed upon by all that were apt to admit prejudices againft him, and imputed to fome advertifement from the queen, and the archbifhop of Canterbury; yet was there the lefs reafon to blame his majefty for it, that before his removing he authorized the lord treafurer to be his com- mifllonet' both at adembl'y and parliament. The aflembly met at Edinburgh upon the twelfth of Auguft, and the lord commifTioner fate daily therein, attended by the lords of the council. Mr. David Dickfon was chofen modera* tor, who betrayed fuch weaknefs in that em- ployment, as made every one to fay, Mimiit ^refentia famam ; yea, it had been worfe with him, were it not that Mr. Henderfon fate at his elbow as his coadjutor. Upon the feventeenth of Auguft the alTem- bly made an aft, condemning Epifcopacy as unlawful, and contrary to the word of God, whereunto the lord commiffioner gave his af- fent; and alfo upon the thirtieth day the zC- fembly made another aft, approving and ra- tifying the covenant, and ordaining the fame to be fworn unto, and fubfcribed by all the members of the kingdom, whereunto alfo his grace affented. And BISHOP GUTHRY. 63 And the very day when this laft aft was made and approved, the affembly rofe in triumph, having firft taken into confidera- tion how the univerfities might be provided of profedbrs, fince many who formerly fer- ved there had fled away; and herein they did wifely; for feeing the people of Scotland are much afted by their minifters doftrine, it was to good purpofe for them to plant fuch men therein as would principle young theq- logaes their way, whereof they had the more need, becaufe by this time the old minifters faw fo far into their defigns, that divers ot them were falUng from them, and fo no way remained to keep the church conftantly on their fide, but that young ones (who were to fucceed when they were gone) ihould be bred towards a liking of their caufe. As for the college of Edinburgh, there needed no pains to be taken, in regard Mr. John Adamfon, primer thereof, was furious enough in their caufe, albeit many thought it was not from perfuafion, but in policy, to efchew their wrath. And for St. Andrews, the mother of the reft, Mr. Samuel Rutherford was brought from a landward kirk in Galloway (named Anwoth, fix miles from Kirkcudbright) to be principal mafter of the theology college there ; and to ftrengthen his hands the more, Mr. Ro- bert Blair was tranfported from Air to be minifter in that town, the former minifters Dr. Gladftanes and Dr. Wifhart, having bo^i been driven away by perfecution. It 64 THE MEMOIRS OF It was alfo thought upon to tranfport Mr. David Dickfon from Irvine to be a pro- feflbr in Glafgow, which ihortly after came to pafs ; for albeit his weaknefs for that pro- feflion was generally known, yet, in regard he was very feditious, and had a pragmatical way of dealing with young folks, towards that end the leaders of the caufe thought that his fettling there might be profitable to them. And as for i^berdeen, until they fhould fall upon fuch profelTbrs, in whom they might confide, it was determined that Mr. An- drew Cant fhould be tranfported to be a mi- nifter in that town, which afterwards was done. This defign in placing fuch men in the u- niverfities, was not taken notice of by thofe that had the charge of his majefty's affairs, yet did it in progrefs of time prove the moft effeftual means whereby that caufe prevail- ed; for when thofe young men (who had their breeding under them) came forth to be minifters in the church, they were incompa- rably furious, and therein outftripped the el- der men (even of their own judgment) fo far, that if any of them happened, upon any occafion, to fpeak of any thing that favoured of moderation, they were therefore reckoned Laodicean politicians, Sec. the madnefs of the time being fuch, that thofe who were mofl cruel were moft cried up. The parliament fate down upon Saturday the third of Augufl, the lord commiffioner being prefent therein. All BISHOP GUTHRY. 65 All the afts of the aflembly were ratified by parliament, with his grace's allowance, and then it was expefted, that the parlia- ment fhould have rifen, being only indi^led for that end. But the leaders of the caufe had farther projefts, and inftead of rifing, propofed a num- ber of new motions concerning the conftitu- tion of parliaments, and other things never treated on before, whereanent the commif fioner told them he had no inftruftions. Montrofe argued fomewhat againft thofe motions, for which the zealots became fufpi- cious of him, that the king had turned him at his being with his majefty in Berwick; yet they feemed to take little notice thereof, only the vulgar (whom they ufed to hound out) whi{pered in the ftreets to his prejudice; and the next morning he found affixed upon his chamber door a paper, with thefe words writ- ten in it : InviSlus armis, verbis vincitur. The conteft encreafing betwixt the com- milTioner and them about thofe motions, his grace acquainted the king therewith, who wrote to him to prorogue the parliament, and repair to court ; which being told the e- ftates, they prelTed that the prorogation might be with the confent of the eftates, and upon his refufal they oppofed his way- going. Whereupon he delayed his voyage, ancj fent the earl of Kinnoul to reprefent the mat- I wr 66 THE MEMOIRS OF ter to the king; likeas the eftates fent up Dnnfermliiie and Loudoun for their interefi", who being arrived, were difcharged from coming within a mile of the court; where- ,upon they returned without acceis. And the king, by his letters, commanded the commiiTioner to prorogue them till the fecond day of June 1640, without their con- fent; which being done upon the firfl of No- vember, they protefted to the contrary; and the proteftation, being prepared before-hand, was preiently read by Mr. Archibald John- fton, and inflruments thereupon taken by the earl of Rothes ; lb the parliament disbanded for that time. And the next day the lord commifTioner began his journey to court. As likewife upon the feventeenth of No- vember Mr. William Cunningham of Brown- hill was fent up by the committee of eftates with a fupplication to his majefty, for a pro- tedtion for commiflioners to come thither and clear his majefty's fcruples. The commifTioner returned December eighteenth, and upon the morrow tranfported privately from Holyroodhoufe to the caftle of Edinburgh, the crown, with other regal honours; yet was fo unfortunate, as even in that to be eft:eemed faithful to the caufe, in regard that before night it came to be. pu- blicly known. Always, having done that bufinefs he came for, his grace returned next day to court; and upon BISHOP GUTHRY. 67 upon the twenty-third of December arrived Mr. William Cunningham, and brought with him a proteftion for commiirioners to repair to court. 1640. WHEREUPON did aiTemble at Edin- burgh upon the nineteenth of Janu- ary, 1 640, a grert meeting of the eflates and prime minilters (without whom nothing could be done) and commiffionated to go up to Lon- don, Dunfermline, Loudoun, the fheriffof Teviotdale, and Mr. Robert Barclay, bur- gefs of Irvine, who began their journey Ja- nuary thirty-firft. The next emergent concerned two of his majefty's fhips, which upon the fifteenth of February arrived in Leith road, and fent a meilenger allioar, to deliver to the provoft and baihes of Edinburgh a letter from his ma- jefty, wherein he commanded them under pain of treafon, to convey with a (trong guard to the caftle of Edinburgh the men and furniture which was in the fhips. The provoft and baihes having confulted the noblemen and others that were in town, got their allowance to obey the command, and fo upon the twelfth day they were fafely conveyed to the caftle, being in num- ber 1 00 foldiers, 80 mufkets, with as many pikes, with fome cannon, powder, &c. I 2 And 68 THE MEMOIRS OF And upon the morrow was fent up (cd fhew his majefty their ready obedience) George Wachop, burgefs, who returning upon February tvventy-fixth, reported, that upon the twentieth day the commilfioners had kifTed the king's hand, but that he refu- fed to hear them ; and had appointed them to give in writing to the earl of Traquair whatfoever they would fay: As alfo, that the commifTioners willed him to adverrile their friends at home to expeft war; the king having, for getting atTiftance thereto, called a parliament in England to meet April the thirteenth. Whereupon, without any farther certain- ty, were lent for all the noblemen, commif- fioners of fliires and burghs, and leading mi- nifters, to convene at Edinburgh upon March the tenth; and being met, concluded the le- vying of an army; and ordered the minifters prefent to advife the brethren throughout the land to frame their doflrine accordingly. The harmony at this conclufion was not fo cordial as the year before; for, feeing re- ligion was now, according to their defires, fettled both in aflembly and parliament, they could hardly perluade men to believe it to be the ftate of the queftion. Many conceived the defign to be againft the king, and whif- pered anent it; but had not the confidence to fpeak out. They on the other fide waxed the more iniolent and bold, by reafon of an advertiferaent they received of what had be- fallen the commilTioners at London; for they had BISHOP GUTHRY. 69 had certainty that the lord Loudoun was im- prifoned in the tower, and the reft arrefted and delivered in keeping to fheriffs ; the oc- caflon whereof was this. The parliament of England having met A- pril thirteenth, the king, in his fpeech, en- veighed againft the proceedings of the Scots, and produced a letter fubfcribed in April 1639, by many of their great ones, to the king of France for his affiftance; which let- ter had come to his majefty's hands by this providence. At the fubfcribing of it there happened to be fome of the great men ab- fent, whom thefe prefent wifhed alfb might fubfcribe it : For which end they committed the letter to Mr. Archibald Johnfton, ap- pointing him, as he found opportunity, to get their hands to it; but through negligence he loft it out of his pocket; and fo it pafted from one to another, until it fell into Sir Do- nald Gorram's hand, who delivered it to the earl of Traquair, and he to the king. The mifcarriage of this letter they fup- plied afterwards by another of the fame ftrain, to the French king, with one to cardinal Richlieu, both which were fent to France by Mr. Colvil, brother to Sir Robert Colvil of Cleifh. Always, of that letter which, thro* mifcarriage, came to the king's hand, he made his own ufe ; and indeed the parliament of England was fo affefted therewith, as to be concurring with that courfe, which was taken with the Scotiih commifTioners, where- in the lord Loudoun had a harder meafure given 70. THE MEMOIRS OF given him than the reft, becaufe his hand was found at the letter. This emergent made thofe at home more eager for getting up of an army, and fo was there a general meeting called, to be at Edin- burgh upon April fixteenth, for electing of commanders to govern the army. Where, without any contradiction, old Lefley was cholen general, as before; but tho' it was expelled, that (becaufe of the dif affection of many of the noblemen, which began of late to appear) there fhould have been a great change of officers, yet the con- trary fell out, and the fame who had for- merly been in charge were pitched upon ; fo Almond was made lieutenant general, Mon- trofe had two regiments given him, one of horfe, the other of foot, the lord Erfkine the regiment of Stirhng fhire, the lord Drum- mond a regiment in Perth fhire, and fo of the reft. Neither did they dechne the employments, which was thought as ftrange, and made ma- ny to apprehend they had fome defign in it, to the prejudice of the caufe, altho' nothing appeared thereof till afterwards. There was ahb a council of ftate chofen, and orders fent to the feveral fliires to chufe councils of war therein, and to haflen the le- vies. Whereunto they were much encouraged by the news, which upon the eleventh oi May John Halden, fervant to the lord Lou- doun, brought down, that upon May fifth the BISHOP GUTHRY. 71 the king had raifed the parliament of Eng- land, becaufe they refufed a fubfidy for in- vading this country, until their own grievan- ces were firft redrelTed. As alj'o, that fince the raifing of the par- liament, the king had cauled lome members thereof to be impriloned, whereupon the ap- prentices in London went, in an uproar, to Lambeth, and fearched for the archbifhop of Canterbury, but found him not (he hav- ing efcaped to the court at Whitehall) and therefore they affixed upon the court gates, and other public places thefe lines, Let king and queen do tuhat they can, Yet l^zwdi JJyall die like 'Dr. Lamb. Upon May tvventy-feventh returned home Dunfermline, with the flierifFof Teviotdale, and Mr. Robert Barclay, the lord Loudoun being ftill in the tower. And in regard the Scots parliament had been upon the firft of November laft pro- rogued by his majefty's commiiTioner till the firft day of June, there came, upon May the twenty-eighth, from the king a letter to iome lords of his privy-council, in whom he yet confided, to prorogue it again by his authority imtil July; thole lords confulted his majefty's advocate anent it, who refolved them that his majefty's warrant fent to them for prorogation was fo informal, that it could not fubfift in Jaw, and therefore they did not urge the pro- rogation. So the parliament fate down the fecond 72 THE MEMOIRS OF fecond of June, without his majefty's allow- ance, or any commifHoner from him. In it general Ruthven was forfaulted, for refufing to furrender the caftle of Edinburgh, and all his money, wherein his eftate confid- ed, efcheated to the public. As alfo a great committee of eftates was chofen, twelve of every eftate, whereof one half to be with the general in the camp, to difpofe of military affairs, and the other half to remain at Edinburgh, for ruling matters at home. Mr. Adam Hepburn was chofen clerk to that committee, who going to the field v/ith the general, deputed one Mr. Robert Hepburn to ferve the committee at Edinburgh, who fo enriched himfelf thereby, that being formerly very poor, he did fhortly after pur- chafe the barony of Keith-marefchal in eaft Lothian. Upon the eleventh of June the parliament adjourned until the nineteenth of November next, that in the mean time they might em- ploy themfelves in advancing the levies. And the committee of eftates, being lliort- !y after fate down, they fent a peremptory advertifement to the feveral lliires, to caule their regiments to march forwards without delay, where in the way they might expeft the general's orders concerning the time and place of rendezvous. Likeas the minifters refiding at Edinburgh for public affairs, wrote to the feveral pref byteries, to beftir themfelves in their pulpits, and otherwife, for accelerating the fame. And BISHOP GUTHRY. yi And that they might have wherewith to encourage foldiers of fortune at their going out, the committee found out a pretty over- ture for raifmg money, which was, that all who had filver work fhould bring in the fame. to the pubhc to be coined, and the owners to receive bonds from noblemen and others for the worth thereof. This rehflied ill, at firft, with the rich burgh- ers; but when once the miniiiers undertook the management hereof, by their preaching in pubhc, and private trafficking with their wives, they became fo forward in obeying the fame, as made the royalifts to hken it to the golden calf Mr. Alexander Gibfon of Dury, junior, being made commiltioner ge- neral, received all. Neither were they more ready to lend; than noblemen and gentlemen were to give bond ; whereanent lome prophefied, that they would polTibly repent it, before the work were at an end, which indeed came to pafs. And it was obferved, that of, all others t]ie, prime committee men lubfcribed the feweft bonds, and Argyle, who was the chief, none at all, which v;'as then little obferved, in regard the giddinefs of the times was fuch, that men thought it a credit to be taken no- tice of fo far by them, as to be defired to' put their hands to the bonds. Always, hereby they obtained great fums, and the joy they had therefore was much a-ugmented, by my lord Loudoun's returii K- frorn 74 THE MEMOIRS OF from his imprifonment, who arrived at Edin- burgh, July the third. The marquis of Hamil- ton having been the man that procured his li- berty, royalifls thought he might have a defign in it for his own good, having thereby obliged this nation. By this time the whole regiments were marched fouthward, and upon the twenty-fe- venth of July werebrought together in Chanfly wood; where, by common confent, it was re- folved to march into England, a declaration being firft fent before, wherein they obtefted the all-feeing God, that they intended not the lead diminution of the king's honour and greatnefs, nor any prejudice or hurt to Eng- land with the army, but only to feek their peace. And it being concluded, that Argyle's high- landers fhould not be taken along with the army to England, his lordfhip procured an employment for them at home ; for the people of Athol, and the Ogilbys in the braes of Angus, being fufpefted to carry no good-will to the caufe, a commiffion was giv- en to the earl of Argyle to take order with them. So he levied three regiments, whereof two were his own men, and the third Glenorchy's, and therewith marched forward to the ford of Lion; upon notice whereof, the earl of Athol drew his people together, reckoned to be about twelve hundred, and encamped againft them. By BISHOP GUTHRY. ^^ By this, Argyle concluded, that the Athol men had a mind to fight, vvhereunto neither himfelf nor his people were thought very wiUing; and therefore finding the occafion of Sir Patrick Ogilby of Infhmartin at the Ballach, Argyle employed him to draw the matter to a treaty, which he went about; and, being the earl of Athol's brother-in-law, prevailed fo far, that having, according to the warrant which Argyle gave him, allured them of fafe accefs and recefs; the earl of Athol, and with him eight fpecial gentle- men of his country, went with Inilimartin to the earl of Argyle's tent, conferred with himiat length upon the bufmefs; and having ..tejc^ived from him fome articles to be advif- exi'l^on, left him for that time, to go back to tlleir people, who were very ill-minded, and would gladly have had a bout with the Argilians. But having palTed his inner guards, when they came to the outward guard they were flopped ; whereupon they returned to the carPs tent to complain ; but he replied, " That *' his guard was wifer than himfelf, he being " to ly that night at Glenorchy's houfe, it '' was fit they fhould go with him, and there " confer at length :" And that compliment being pafTed, he told them plainly they were his prifoners; and when they replied, *' That " they came thither upon his aflurance, fig- " nified to them by the laird of Infhmartin, ** which they hoped he would not violate; he anfwered, *' That he was not to debate K 2 with 76 THE MEMOIRS OF *' with them thereanent, but would be ac- *' countable for his deportment in that affair " to thofe from whom he had his commif ** (ion:" So, without more ado, he com- manded them to fend an order to their people to disband, which was done; and they them- felves kept that night as prifoncrs at Ballach, and next day fent with a convoy to the earl of Perth, fteward of Strathern, requiring him to fend them to Stirling, which he did ; from thence they were conveyed to Edinburgh, w^here for fome days they were imprifoned, until they gave alfurance of their good beha- viour, and then they were enlarged, and per- mitted to return home. And as they were very fenfible of the trick which Argyle had put upon them, in draw- ing them to his tent, upon afflirancc, and af- terwards flinching from it, lo the fame wrong- ed his credit exceedingly, in the judgment of all men that looked indifferently upon it, and made his parole afterwards to be little re- garded. But he cared for none of thofe things, and fo began to march downwards to the braes of Angus, altho' he knew there was little work for his highlanders there ; for the houfe of Airly, which was the only place that, in thofe fields, had been fortified for the king's fervice, was furrendered to the earl of Mon- trofe before his marching to the fouth, who had placed therein colonel Sibbald, and writ 10 the earl of Argyle, that he needed not to he BISHOP GUTHRY. ^j be at the pains to draw his people thither, feeing the houfe was already gained. But the earl of Argyle (whether it was to difoblige Montrofe, or to keep his highland- ers in exercife, I lliall not determine) did neverthelefs advance, and coming before the houfe, called colonel Sibbald to come forth and fpeak with him, which he did, being at that time on the fame fide of the caufe; whereupon Argyle commanded to caft open the gate, and bring his foldiers forth. So upon July the fixth, Argyle returned to his houfe, and ftayed there for a week, his highlanders in the mean time pillaging all the country about very miferably. And thereafter, having difmantled and flighted the houfe, he did, upon the four- teenth, lead them northward to Glenilley, where they burnt Forter, another houfe be- longing to the earl of Airly, and from thence returned homeward, loaded with as much plunder as they were able to tranfport. Upon the laft Tuefday of July the gene- ral aifembly fate down at Aberdeen, without any commilTion from his majefty : Where the firft thing that occurred was, the receiv- ing of Mr. John Paterfon, minifler at Fove- ren, into the covenant. He had at firft fled to England to avoid it, but fhortly after re- pented, and came home again, and upon his application to his presbytery, was referred to the general affembly, before which he made a recantation fermon, wherewith the allem- y% THEMExMOIRSOF aflembly profefled to have fo full fatlsfa^tion, that he was received to their fellowlhip. The next thing done therein was, an aft againft conventicles (called by the owners thereof private meetings) which was upon this occafion. As foon as Epifcopacy had been thruft out of this church, there came from England one Thomas Livingfton, a taylor, and another, Mr. Cornall, a chirurgeon (both fuppofed to favour theBrowniftical way) and from Ireland a fleece of Scots people, who being diHatisfied with the forms of that church, had long ago forfaken the pubhc affemblies thereof, and betaken themfelves to conventicles ; of whom the moft eminent were the laird of Lecky, and one John Kelfo, formerly one of the goodmen of Duchall's ploughmen. Thefe ar- riving in the weft of Scotland trafficked with the people in thofe parts, to comply with their way, of feeking edification by private meet-, ings; wherein their fuccefs was the greater, in that Mr. David Dickfon, Mr. Robert Blair, Mr. Samuel Rutherford, and others, were faid to countenance them therein. Upon the hearing whereof, the founded of the minifters throughout the land were deeply affefted, doubting that courfe might lead to Brownifm in the end, fuch as Mr. An- drew Ramfay, Mr. Alexander Henderfon, Mr. William Colvil, Mr. David Dalgleilh, Mr. Robert Knox, Mr. Edward Wright, Mr. Henry Guthry, and many more, efpe- cially Mr. David Calderwood (who in the time BISHOP GUTHRY. 79 time of his exile had Teen the wild follies of the Englifh Brownifts in Arnheim and An> fterdam;) and therefore, at the former gene- ral aflembly in Edinburgh, in the year i 639, thefe purpofed to have had an a61: againft the fame; but Mr. David Dickfon, Mr. Robert Blair, Mr. Samuel Rutherford, and the reft of their ftamp, oppofed that motion, and proponed inftead thereof, that there fliould be a conference, whereby brethren might unite their judgments upon the queftion, and afterwards by private admonition they would prevail with thofe people to amend what was amifs. This was hearkened to, and the confer- ence was at Mr. Alexander Henderfon's chamber; where were prelent, on the one part, the faid Mr. Alexander Henderfon, Mr. Andrew Ramfay, Mr. David Calder- wood, Mr. William Colvil, Mr. David Dal- gleilh, Mr. Edward Wright, and Mr. Henry Guthry ; on the other part, Mr. David Dick- fon, moderator of the general affembly, Mr. Ro- bert Blair, Mr.SamuelRutherford, Mr. James Hamilton, Mr. John Livingfton, Mr. John Maclellan, and Mr. George Dick; and after reafoning at feveral diets, in the end, Mr, Dick- fon, and all his adherents,-- pafled from the point, and agreed unanimoufly to this con- clufion, viz. " That whatfoever had been the efFe^ls " of private meetings of perfons from divers " families for religious exercife in time of " trouble 8o THE MEMOIRS OF " trouble orcorrnptlon (in which cafe many " things may be commendable, which other- " wife are not tolerable;) yet now, when God " hath blefled us with peace, and with the '' purity of the gofpel, they could not but '' difallow them, as tending to the hindrance *' of the exercifes of each family by itfelf, ^' to the prejudice of the public miniftry, *' and to the renting of particular congrega- *' tions, and by progrefs of time of the whole '' kirk, befides many offences that may come '* thereby, to the .hardening of the hearts ^' of natural men, and the grief of the - godly." This conclufion being agreed upon, was fubfcribed in all their names that had been upon the conference, by Mr. Alexander Hender- fon for the one parr, and Mr. David Dickfon for the other, and the cuftody of the paper Committed to Mr. Henry Guthry. Likeas Mr. David Dickfon, and his adhe- rents, did farther undertake, by their admo- nitions, to reclaim thefe conventiclers, and make them leave that way. Whereupon the brethren of the other part vyent from the conference well fatisfied ; but the event declared they made no confcience of what they had undertaken, and that what- foever they had condefcended to^ was only to put by that alTembly. For afterwards they were fo far from per- forming what they had promifed, that their ad- monitions turned to encouragements, where- by BISHOP GUTHRY. 8i by the conventiclers grew more bold than formerly, and prevailed with people Co gene- rally throughout the weft, that they met with no rub, until they came the length of Stirling, where they found fo harlli entertainment, as made them quickly to withdraw, efteeming that town an unhallowed place; yet elfe- where ihey found welcome enough (even in Edinburgh itfelf) where their way came to be fo cried up, that fuch as favoured, or kept, thofe private meetings, were by the ri- gid fort efteemed the godly of the land, and others that oppofed them were calumniated, as being, in their opinion, reckoned unfriends to piety. Hereupon the aHembly at Aberdeen took the matter into confideration, whether thofe private meetings fhould be allowed or con- demned. Mr. Dickfon, Rutherford, and o- thers of their ftamp, pleaded fo vehemently for them (having the aiTiftance not only of the moft part of the minifters, but alfo the ruling elders from the weft) that it was like- ly they muft have carried it, had not, by prO' vidence, Mr. Guthry happened to have in his pocket that paper which contained the judg- ment of the brethren (at the conference at Edinburgh the year preceding) upon the que- ftion, which was fubfcribed by Mr. Hender- fon and Mr. Dickfon, in all their names: Mr. Guthry kept up this paper, until he faw the bufmefs in hazard to mifcarry; but then produced it in the aftembly, and being read, and Mr. Dickfon's hand found to bo L at 82 THE MEMOIRS OF at it, for himfelf and all his party, Mr. Dick- fon, and his adherents, were pleafed after- wards to be (ilent; and very unanimoufly the alTernbly made an a£t againfl thole pri- vate meetings, not fo much as one man pro- tetting to the contrary. T'lereafter the aflembly appointed a fo- lemn fail: to be kept throughout the king- dom, fur a bleffing upon the army. And fo the affembly rofe upon the fixth of Augurt, having firif appointed the next general affembly to fit at St. Andrews upon the third Thurfday of July 1641. Upon Friday, Auguft twenty-firft, the Scots army entered England. The earl of Montrofe leading the van, did, to encourage his loldiers, alight from his horfe, and go through the river of Tweed on foot; how- beit many thought that In his heart he was turned royalift. Upon the twenty-eight of Auguft the Scots arm)^ obtained a fignal viftory at Newburn ford upon Tyne, which was after this man- ner. The earl of Strafford, general of the king's army, which then lay at York, had fent the lord Conway with 4000 foot and 2000 horfe to guard that pafs, fo that when the Scots came up, they found them fo fortified on the other fide of the river, that it would prove very diflicult to beat them from their works; yet they refolved to attempt it, and the firft party that was appointed to advance, was the college of juftice's troop, called the general's BISHOP GUTHRY. 83 general's lifeguard, commanded by Sir Tho- mas Hope younger, fon to the king's advo- cate, whom his father had bred, as alio all the reft of his children, towards the love of that caufe; but Sir Thomas and his troop were fcarce well entered the ford, before they wheeled about, and retired with dil- credit. Then fucceeded a gallant man, major Bal- landine, who, having with him but a very fiiiall party, with undaunted courage, went through, beat the Englilli from their works, and cleared the pafTage for the whole army to crofs over and fall upon the Englifh, who fled with that hafte, that 80 of them only were (lain upon the place, and 40 taken prifoners. The reft of that day was fpent in expref fions of joy for the vivStory, and next day they were faluted by commiftioners from New- caftle, come hither to treat for the furrender of the town. So, upon Sunday, Auguft thirtieth, the Scots army entered Newcaftle, where they found the king's magazine, both of arms and victuals, as alio an opportunity of enlarging Mr. Colvil, who had been lent by them to France with letters to the French king and cardinal Richlieu, and in his return happened to be catched at Berwick, and from thence was fent prifoner to Newcaftle. That day Mr. Henderfon preached in the great church of Newcaftle, and after fermon L 2 the 84 THE MEMOIRS OF the general and noblemen were feall;ed by the mayor. So there was great joy among the Scots there; bur that very day there fell out a fud- den and fad accident at home; the earl of Haddington having avowedly fallen from the king's fide, and taken charge under Lefley, was left at home with his regiment, to wait upon the motion of the garrilon of Berwick, and for that end kept his quarters at Dunglafs, where about mid-day, he being returned from/ the fields, and {landing in the clofe with 60 gentlemen, or thereby, about him, the caftle of Dunglafs was blown up with powder, the magazine being kept therein, and one of the walls thereof falling that way, did in an in- flant carry him and all his company to the ground, and cover them fo, that they were never more feen. * This tragical emergence was confl:ru£ted, according as men were affefted to the caufe. When news of it came to the court, the royal- ills there were not (by far) lo moderate as the king himfelf, whofe fharpeft expreffion was, " That, albeit he had been very un- " grateful to him, yet he was forry he had " not at his dying fome time to repent." Upon the morrow after the Scots army had entered Newcaftle, the earl of Lothian was made governor thereof, having for that fcrvice the command of 2000 foldiers allow- ed him; and that truft he well deferved; for his zeal to the caule was fuch, that, albeit both his father and himfelf owed to the king what- BISHOP GUTHRY. 85 whatfoever wealth or greatnefs they had, yet was he one of the firft that engaged againft him, and flill continued moft forward of any. Unto the Scots army was granted for al- lowance for every day eight hundred and fifty pounds fterling, whereof 300 1. to be paid out of Northumberland, 350 1. out of the bifhopric, and 200 1. out of the town of Newcaftle per diem. And the army being thus provided for, the general and his committee (for making good what they had averred in their decla- ration from Chanfly wood) refolved upon a fupplication to be fent to his majefty, then at York, for redrefs of their grievances; and the fame beingr fubfcribed, was enclofed in a letter directed to the earl of Lanerk, fecre- tary, to be by him prefented to the king, and the carriage of it committed to one named Cathcart. The king's anfwer by his fecretary was, that his majefty had called a meeting of the peers of England to be at York, September twenty-fourth, before which time he willed them to fet down their demands in particu- lar, and then to expert a particular anfwer. In obedience vi^hereto, having condefcend- cd upon their demands, they did, upon the eighth of September, fend them to his ma- jeily by William Fleming, fon to the earl of Wigton ; upon the hearing whereof, and o- ther prefFrng reafons, general Ruthven did, upon the nineteenth of September, render to 86 THE MEMOIRS OF to the committee that fate at Edinburgh, the caftle thereof, upon condition, that the lives of himfelf, and his foldiers, fhould be fafe, and they to come with cocked matches, and have fafe conduft to Berwick; all which was performed to him. Thefe emergents were very refrefhful to the covenanters ; but there fell out at that time one thing which exceeded them all. For that very day, upon which the king received the Scotifh fupplication, there was alio prefented to him a fupplication figned by (everal peers of England, in number about twelve, vvherein they craved a parliament for redrefs of grievances, and fettling peace berwixt the nations: When the report there- of came hither, then did the zealots fay, that Haddington and Mr. Borthwick had not la- boured in vain, and that the work would fliortly begin in that kingdom alio. The king was faid to be much afFefted with the Englifli fupphcation; yet did his majefty give it a fair aiid delaying anfwer, until the meeting of the peers. And when they had met his majefty at York, September twenty-fourth, the conclu- fion was, that a parliament fhould (it at Lon- don upon the third of November ; and, in the mean time a treaty with the Scots to be- gin October firft, and the place of meeting to be at Rippon. There were nominated of Englifh to be upon the treaty 15 noblemen (whereof moft had figned the petition) viz. the earls of Bed- ford, BISHOP GUTHRY. 87 ford, Hertford, EfTex, Salisbury, Warwick, Briftol, Holland; and lords Wharton, Paget, Kimbolton, Brook, Paulet, Howard of Ef- crick, Savile and Dunfmoor : And for the Scots, the earl of Dunfermline, the lord Loudoun, the laird of Waughton, the Iheriif of Teviotdale, John Smith, bailie of Edin- burgh, Mr. Alexander Wedderburn, clerk of Dundee, Mr. Alexander Henderfon, and Mr. Archibald Johnfton. The treaty being met at Rippon, October firft, did, upon the fixteenth thereof, con- clude upon a ceifation of arms until Decem- ber fixteenth; and that the treaty fhould re- move from Rippon to London, to be profe- cuted there in time of parhament, ratifying in the mean time that proportion formerly granted to the Scots army of 850 1. per diem, and the payment thereof weekly to be upon each Friday. Whilft all things thus profpered with the Scots, there happened an emergent in their army, which threatened a rent; for divers of the nobility, fuch as Montrofe, Erikine, Drummond, and others, quarrelled, that they were neglefted in the matter of confultation, and that bufinefs \V2.s contrived, and carried on by a few. Upon the other part, Mon- trofe was challenged for writing letters to the king without the knowledge of the general and committee; the copies of which letters they had, being fent them, as many deemed, by fome bed-chamber man, who fearched the king's pockets when he was afleep. The 88 THE MEMOIRS OF The rigid faftion knew that the lord Almond, lieutenant general, was in his heart concur- ring with Montrofe and his adbciates, and fo confidered, that if any provocation was given them, they were able to make a divifion in the army ; For preventing whereof, they condefcended to a fair tranfadion for that time, viz. that bygones on both fides iliould be pafTed by, and matters thereafter publicly carried on without neglect or difrefpeft of any. The parliament of England met at Weft' minfter, November third. To the Scots com- milfioners that formerly treated at Rippon, were added, by common confent, the earl of Rothes, the laird of Riccarton, and Hugh Kennedy burgefs of Air, who, with the reft, went to London to profecute the work. Upon November nineteenth, the Scots par- liament aflembled, and having re-eftabhfhed the committee, adjourned till the fourteenth of January 1641. The committee being fate down at Edin- burgh, had news which pleafed them well, viz. that the earl of Strafford was challenged, and made prifoner, which having been fur-- thered by the Scots commiflioners, was e- fteemed very good fervice, as alfo that fhort-^ ly thereafter the archbifhop of Canterbury had that fame meafure given him ; but that the lord-keeper Finch, and fecretary Winde- bank, had efcaped their hands by flight. Thofe commitments proceeded chiefly from the knights of the lower houfe, who were BISHOP GUTHRY. 89 were folicitors to the houle of peers there- anent. And having engaged To far againft his ma- jefty's fervants, they were the more careful to oblige the Scots army to (land fure. For which end they borrowed from the London- ers fifty thoufand pounds (lerhng, and fent it in a propyne to the general and his commit- tee, to be diftributed by them throughout the army: And this gratuity to be altoge- ther without prejudice to the 850 1. fterling payable daily to them; and this was done in December. 1 641. UPON the fourteenth of January 1641^ the Scots parhament met again, and having re-eftablifhed the committee of eilates, adjourned until the thirteenth of April. After which the committee being fet down, the principal bufinefs that came to be confi- dered, concerned a band found to be a- mongll: a number of noblemen, wherein they had combined to oppofe the courle of thofe who then ruled all. This band had been framed at Cumber- nald, there being prefent the earls of Mon~ trofe, and Wigton, lofds Fleming, Boyd, and Almond, all which fubfcribed it at firit ; and afterwards Montrofe drew to it the earls of Marihal, Mar, Athol, Kinghorn, Perth, Keily> M Home^ 90 THE MEMOIRS OF Home, Seaforth ; and the lords Stormont, Erikine, Drummond, Napier, Ker, and di- vers others. But long thereafter the band was kept up as a fecret, only their liberal talking for the king's intereft, and againft Ar- gyle, and the reft, with the minilters that were of their party, made many apprehend that there muft be fome tie amongft them ; and at length the lord Boyd being a dying, whifpered fomething anent it, which gave men occafion to fearch, but was not fo clear as to refolve them. Whereupon the earl of Argyle taking the occafion of my lord Almond's being at home at Calendar, came thither, and having ftaid two nights with him, had a full relation of the whole bufinefs. And the dilcovery being by Argyle re- ported to the committee, Montrole, and fo many of the banders as happened to be at home at that time, were cited to appear. They acknowledged the band, and gave their realons why they had joined in it; all which were rejected by the committee, and lii^y declared cenfurable. And indeed fome of the minifters and o- ther fiery fpirits, prefTed that their lives might go for it. But Argyle and his commit- tee conlidered that they were too ftrong a party to meddle with that way, efpecially leeing divers of them having the command of regiments in the army; and therefore they confulted to pack up the bufinefs upon a de- claration under their hands, that they intend- ed BISHOP GUTHRY. 91 cd nothing againfl: the public, together with a furrendring of the band, which the com- mittee having gotten, caufed it to be burnt. In the mean time the king and the Scots commiflioners at London were in good terms, and they waited frequently upon him, where- by he imagined they had been in a way of relenting; but they foon gave him caufe to change his opinion : For without fo much as acquainting him therewith, they emitted a declaration, wherein they expreiled their forwardnefs againfl: Epifcopacy in England, and for the earl of Strafford's blood and Can- terbury's. His majefty took this very ill at their hands, but could not help it. The Scots parliament fate again April thir- teenth, and having re-efl:abhfhed the commit- tee, prorogued to the twenty-fifth of May. And the committee of efl:ates being fitting, received from thofe at London upon the nine- teenth of May the certainty of the earl of Strafford's execution, who being condemned of treafon, had been beheaded upon TowTr- hill, May twelfth. The Scots parliament fate again upon May twenty-fifth, and having re-eftablifhed the committee, adjourned of new to the fifteenth of July, in regard of the advertifement they had from the commiffioners at London, that the king purpofed to be prefent at that feffion of parliament; as alio the king himfelf did write to the lords of his council, and the ma- giftrates of Edinburgh, to make preparation for him. M 2 After ()2 THE MEMOIRS OF After the adjournment, the committee of eftates fate preiently down upon the twenty- (ixth of May, where there came before them an unfortunate bufinefs: It begun at Mr. John Graham, minifter of Auchterar- dour, who was challenged for a fpeech ut- tered by him in prejudice of the earl of Ar- gyle. He acknowledged the Ipeech, and gave for his informer Mr. Robert Murray, minifter at Methven, who being prefent, con- felled it, and gave for his author the earl of Montrofe. Montrofe being challenged, acknowledged it, and condefcended upon the Speech, viz. That when the earl of Athol, and thole eight gentlemen with him, whom the earl of Argyle made prifoners, were in Argyle's tent at the ford of Lion, Argyle fpoke pu- blicly to this lenfe, ** That they had conlultr " ed both lawyers and divines anent the de- ''' pofing of the king, aud gotten refolution *' that it might be done in three cafes, i . De- ^' fertion. 2. Invafion. 3. Vendition; and '' that once they thought to have done it at ^* the laft fitting of parliament, and would *' do it at the next fitting thereof." Montrofe gave up Mr. John Stuart, com- miifary of Dunkel, one of thofe gentlemen that was with the earl of Athol in Argyle's tent, for the author thereof, and did under- take to produce him. Therefore, left Montrofe's enemies fhould have dealt with Mr. John iq withdraw and leave him in the hazard, he ported quickly away BISHOP GUTHRY. 93 away fome gentlemen to Mr. John, with whom he came to Edinburgh upon the thir- tieth of May; and upon the morrow appear- ed before the committee, and fubfcribed a paper, bearing all that Montrofe had affirmed in his name; whereupon Argyle broke out into a pafTion, and with great oaths denied the whole and every part thereof, whereat many wondered. Always, the committee did fend Mr. John prifoner to the caftle of Edinburgh, and fome days after my lord Balmerino, and my lord Dury being fent from the committee to the caftle to examine him, they did try another way with him, and dealt with him, that he would rather take a tafh upon himfelf, than let Argyle ly under fuch a blunder. Being both profound men, they knew well what arguments to ufe for that effeft, and Mr. John confidering upon the one part, that Argyle's power was fuch, that he could not only preferve his life, but alfo raife him to preferment, if for the clearing him he Ihould convift himfelf; and, on the other part, ** That a wonder lafts but nine nights ** in a town," (as we ufe to fay;) therefore he condefcended to the motion, and the next day wrote a letter to the earl of Argyle, wherein he cleared him of thofe fpeeches, and acknowledged that himfelf had forged them out of malice againft his lordfhip; and he like wife confefled, that (by the advice and counfel of the earl of Montrofe, lord Napier, Sir George Stirling of Keir, and Sir Andrew 94 THE MEMOIRS OF Andrew Stewart of Blackball) he had fent a copy of thofe fpeeches under his hand to the king by one captain Walter Stuart. The earl of x\rgyle having communicated Ws letter to the committee, they let watches to attend that captain's return, who catching him at Cockburn's path, and finding his let- ters, brought him and them both before the committee, and being examined there, he was fent prifoner to the caiUe of Edinburgh. Likeas thereafter upon the eleventh of June, Montrofe, Napier, Keir, and Blackball, being all cited before the committee, were., after examination, imprifoned in the caftle, and the reward which Mr. John Stuart re- ceived for his pains, was the lofs of his head; fo the way which (out of a prepofterous love to his life) he chofe for his prefervation, turned to his deftrudion, which fell out upon, this occafion. The earl of Argyle, and the committee, confulted Sir Thomas Hope, and other lawyers, upon the queftion, whether, feeing Mr. John had alToilzied his lordfhip of thofe fpeeches, and under his hand had took upon himfelf the guilt of forging them, &c. it was fit that he fhould fuffer, or on the other part be pardoned and preferred. The refolution was, that if Mr. John were fpared, all men would think that he had been bribed to make that recantation ; and that therefore it was neceflary, for Argyle's vin- dication, that he Ihould fuffer. Where- BISHOP GUTHRY. 95 Whereupon the unfortunate gentleman was in the month of July condemned, and be- headed upon a fcaftbld erected for that end at the crofs of Edinburgh. And it was obferved, that at his dying he had not that courage which is ordinary to gallant men at their deaths ; the reafon whereof was conftrufted to be an inward dif- content, for bearing falfe witnels againft him- felf, when he found that the courle where- by he thought to have refcued himfelf from fuffering, proved the reafon of it. This made him querulous againft himfelf, as being the cauler of his own death; and it was publicly talked, that he exprefled fo much to divers friends, efpecially to Mr. Henry Guthry, minifter of Stirling, of whom he made choice to be affifting to him in his preparation for death, and who for that end was with him alone in the prifon the day before his death from three o'clock in the afternoon till eight, and the morrow, being the day whereon he died, from ten o'clock in the morning 'till three in the afternoon, that he went to the fcaffold, where alfo, at his earneft defire, Mr. Guthry waited upon him, and left him not, until he received the blow. Upon July fifteenth, the Scots parliament fat6 down, where letters from the king were read, excufing his not coming until the fif- teenth of Auguft, after which it was refblv- ed to adjourn no more, but that the parlia- ment fhould fit daily, in the mean time to pre- pare matters againft his coming j and the firft thing 96 THE MEMOIRS OF thing done therein, was, that fummoss were iifued out againft the earl of Montrofe, to ap- pear before the parliament upon Augull thir- teenth. Whereupon Montrofe defired the liberty of advocates for confultation, which was granted; but the moft part of them were then fo bigotted, that none of any eminence would come near him, and fo neceflity for- ced him to call for Mr. John Gilmour, whofe greateft employment formerly had been to agent the affairs of bifhop Sideferfe, and fome others of that order. He confulted with Montrofe, and albeit it was thought a fmali preferment for the time, yet afterwards it proved very profitable to him; for being once called his agent and advocate^ other royalifls, as they had occa{ion> employed him, and lo as their number increafed, his em- ployment increafed alfo, whereby at length he became very confiderable. By this time the treaty at London was ended, and the return of the Scots commif- fioners daily expected, they having obtained all their defires, and amongft the reft, not only that the whole arrears of 850 1. payable daily to the Scots army, fliould be fatisfied before the firft of September^ againft which time the army was to disband, but alfo that by and attour the fame> the parliament of Eng- land, fliould, under the name of brotherly aififtance, give unto the Scots the liim of three hundred thouland pounds Sterling, whereof eighty thoufand pound to be paid before BISHOP GUTHRY. 97 before the disbanding of the army, and the reft thereof, amounting to 220000 1. to be paid at two terms, viz. the one half thereof at midfummer 1642, and the other half at midfummer 1643, as the a£ls of the Englilli parhament thereanent, bearing dates the nineteenth and twenty-ninth of June do re- port. The news whereof was very acceptable to the covenanters, efpecially the leading men in ftate and church, who knew their fhare would be therein: But royalifts were mightily dejected, throitgh conceiving that the parliament of England was not fo pro- digal, as to have granted fuch a fum, where nothing was owing, unlefs they had thereby obtained from the Scots fome fecret engage- ment to be on their fide, as foon as they fhould begin to ftir. Upon the twentieth of July the general a{^ fembly fate down at St. Andrews, and before the choice of a moderator, tranlported itfelf to Edinburgh, where it was profecuted. And the reafon given for this novation, was, be- caufe the noblemen commifTioned to be ruhng elders therein, were fo taken up with the af- fairs of parhament at Edinburgh, that they could not come to St. Andrews; and there- fore the aiTembly behoved to go to them ; as alfo Mr. Alexander Henderfon, whom they determined to be moderator thereof, was yet but on his journey returning from London, where he had attended the treaty j fo the af- N fern- 98 THE MEMOIRS OF lembly behoved to intermit fome days until his arrival. At length he came, and (o upon the twenty feventh the adembly fate down at E- dinburgh, he being chofen moderator thereof, and role again Auguft ninth. The earl of Wemyfs was his majefty's commilfioner at that ailembly, who com- plied with them in whatfoever they would. Upon the thirteenth of Auguft the earl of Montrofe was brought before the parliament, and having replied to his charge, was conti- nued till the twenty-fourth day, and was re- mitted 10 prifon. Likeas fummons were if- (ued forth againft the lord Napier, and the lairds of Keir and Blackball, to appear Au- guft twenty-eighth. Upon the fourteenth of Auguft the king came to Holyroodhoufe, accompanied with the Prince Palatine, the duke of Lenox, mar- quis of Hamilton, lord Willoughby and o- thers, having in his way dined with general Lefle}'" at Newcaftle, and taken a view of the Scots army there. Upon Tuefday the feventeenth, his ma- jefty came to the parliament, and conftantly fate there afterwards. The lord Burleigh having been prefident at the current fefTions, who had gotten the employment, becaufe he was an implicit fol- lower of the earl of Argyle, tho' otherwife no great plotter, was laid afide, and my lord Balmerino was elected prefident, who indeed had parts for it. Upon BISHOP GUTHRY. 99 Upon the noife of his preferment thereto, there were different conjecflures, what his deportment would be towards the king, hav- ing obligations more than any other; for his father had been by king James preferred to be prefident of the feflion, and fecretary of ftate, and afterwards alfo made lord Balme- rino, to be derived to his eldefl Ion, now prefident of this parliament, and his fecond fon, made lord Co wper: And finally, when for abufing his truft anent a letter to thePope, he was condemned to fuffer, the king gave him his remillion : And for this lord Balme- rino, his fon, befides that his late majefty continued to him his father's eftate and ho- nour, the king that now reigneth had lately exprefled a fingular mercy to him ,• for being, becaufe of that paper reflecting upon his ma- jefty's government, which in the 1633 he had framed, and came afterwards to be di- vulged, condemned to die, the gracious king reprieved him, and in the end gave him a fi- nal pardon. Hereupon many judged that Balmerino would be tender of the king's intereft, but they were miftaken; no obligations had that influence upon him, to make him gratify his majefty in the ieaft. Sir Robert Spotfwood, prefident of the fefTion, and Sir John Hay, clerk-regifter, appeared before the parliament, having been cited as incendiaries, and were fent prifoners to the caftle. As likewife upon the twenty-fourth, the earl ofMontrofe appeared, and was conti- N 2 nued loo THE MEMOIRS OF nued de novo ; as alfo the lord Napier, the lairds of Keir and Blackhall, appeared upon the twenty-eighth, and were continued hke-^ wife. By this time the Scots army returned home from Newcaftle, and was disbanded, being, before their removing, fatisfied of all the ar- rears of that fum allowed for their daily main- tenance, as likewife having gotten the 80000 1, promifed by the parliament of England, to be paid at that time, as a part of the fum of 3 00000 1. Sterling, conditioned to the Scots, under the name of brotherly aifiltance. And upon the thirtieth of Auguft, arrived at Edinburgh commiifioners from the parliament of Eng- land, to attend this parliament, viz. the lord Howard, and four of the houfe of com- mons. Matters as yet went on very plaufibly in parliament, the king giving way to whatfo- ever they propofed, and fo their aims were difappointed for the prefent, until they pref- fed fome fuch things as they fuppofed his majefty would nowife agree to, whereby a rent might have enfued. At length upon a rumour fuggefted to the earl of Argyle, as he affirmed, concerning a plot intended by Ludovic earl of Crawfurd, colonel Cochran, and lieutenant colonel Stu- art, againft the marquis of Hamilton and him, they did upon Oftober the twelfth withdraw abruptly to Kinneil. There wanted not enough, who fuggefted to the king, that the plot was but pretended, (heir BISHOP GUTHRY. loi their defign being to make a public rupture, prefuming that upon their removal, the par- liament fhould prefently have broken up, and it Teems his majefty was not without fuch an apprehenfion himfelf; for that day, .after he heard they were gone, he came up to the parliament in hafle, accompanied with many nobles, and above 500 gentlemen that ad- hered to him, and in parliament made a fpe'ech, which reflefted fore upon the mar- quis of Hamilton, whereby he prevailed, that the parliament, notwithftanding their abfence, fate flill, and refolved not to break Royalifts laboured much with his majefty to have declared them enemies, and attempt- ed fomethingagainft' them, which they thought was very feafible; but fuch was his goodnefs, that inftead thereof, he confented in parlia- ment to confine the three alledged plotters, until they fhould be tried, and invited Ha- milton and Argyle to return ; who next day came to* his majefty at Holyroodhoufe, and kifted his hand, being, as royalifts alledged, glad of an opportunity to come back, fince the defign failed of getting the parliament broke up. The plot whereupon they went away be- ing tried to the utmoft, nothing was found in it, fo that thofe three alledged plotters were enlarged, and all the ground which Ar- gyle could give for charging them therewith refolved in this, that one colonel William Stuart, an Orkney man, had informed him E 3 of 102 THE MEMOIRS OF of it. But this colonel William Stuart being generally known to be rafh in his fpeaking, the bufinefs became ridiculous, and many concluded, that they, who knew that Stuart fo well, would never have been fo affected with any information that proceeded from him, as to have taken that courfe, except there had been a defign in it. However, being returned to the parlia- ment, there was no more flirring in it, his majefty condefcending to whatfoever they pleafed to propofe. So that in relation to the officers of flate, they made an aft, that his majefty might not difpofe of them at his pleafure, but that the fame fhould be fettled with confent of parlia- ment; and, according thereto, the lord Lou- doun was made chancellor, which fell out upon this occafion. The king nominated the earl of Morton to that office, which his fon-in-law the earl of Argyle in face of the parliament oppofed with much heat; whereupon his majefty paf- fed from it, and nominated Loudoun, which the parliament confented to. Likewife the king nominated the lord Al- mond to be treafurer, but was likewife oppo- fed; fo his majefty agreed to that which the parliament prefted, viz. that the office fliould be difcharged by a committee of four, viz. Argyle, Glencairn, Lothian, and Lindfay. The earl of Roxburgh was by the parlia- ment continued lord privy-feal; for, altho* himfelf had from the beginning fidedwith the BISHOP GUT HRY. 103 the king, yet he was not thought a great e- nemy to the caufe, in regard his only fon Henry lord Ker did in the year 1639 very unreafonably leave the king, and joined him- felf to the covenanters, while his majefty's army lay at the Birks, and theirs at Dunfe- law, in his majefty's view, which the royal- ifts thought he would not have done, his fa- ther being fuch an awful man, without his connivance. The earl of Lanerk, by confent of par- liament, was fettled in the office of fecretary of ftate, and Sir James Galloway lecluded therefrom, who till then pretended to it. Sir James Carmichael was continued trea- furer deputy, which he well deferved at the covenanters hands; for, that tho' he was the king's creature, having been formerly his carver, and afterwards preferred, firfl to be juftice-clerk, and then deputy-treafurer, yet was he as forward in the caule as any. Sir Thomas Hope continued to be the king's advocate, who did the covenanters better fervice than he was willing Ihould be known; yet, by his flattering carriage, infi- nuated fo far with his majefty, that, againft information enough, his majefty was ruled by him in moft of the affairs which palled under his hand: Whereby he, being merce- nary, did exceedingly enrich himfelf. Mr. Alexander Gibfon of Dury, junior, was knighted, and made clerk-regifter, and Sir John Hamilton of Orbifton continued ju- ftice-clerk. E 4 It 104 THE MEMOIRS OF* It was alfo enafted in parliament, that the nomination of privy-counleliors fhould be with confent of parHament : And, accord- ing thereto, an eleftion being prefently made, fome of the ancient nobility were kept in, whom (for the eminency of their place) they were afhamed to cafhier : But there was an addition made of many noblemen, gentle- men, and of fome burghers, all forward in the caufe; whereby the major part of the council, as now conftituted, being for them, they were fure their caufe fhould afterwards receive no prejudice by the adts thereof. It was alfo ena£led, that the places of the feffion fhould be filled with confent of par- liament : And there being four of the lords thereof who had adhered to the king, viz. prefident Spotfwood, Sir John Hay, Sir Pa- trick Nisbir, and Sir John Elphingfton; they were all prefently depofed, and in their room, were placed Sir John Lefley of Newton, Sir Thomas Hope, junior, who was alfo made juilice-general, Mr. Adam Hepburn, and Mr. Archibald Johnfton, clerk to the gene- ral aflembly, both which were knighted, as alfo the laft of them, Mr. Johnfton, had a liberal penfion allowed him. There was alfo another judicature efta- blifhed by parliament, under the name of confervators of the peace (their employment being to order all things, whereby the peace of the land, and with the neighbour kingdom might be preferved) and this confifted of all the prime covenanters. There BISHOP GUTHRY. 105 There was alfo a committee appointed, for teceiving from the parliament of England the fum of 220000 1. conditioned to be paid at terms, under the name of brotherly affiilance; and i"ipon that commiffion many were nomi- nated, whereof but a few were called for, when the fum v/as received and diftributed. There was alfo a committee nominated to fit after the rifing of parliament, for trial of the earl of Montrofe, and of the refl of the royalifls then prifoners in the caftle; and the faid committee was to report whatfoever fiiould be found againft them to the king; for the parliament having remitted their cen- fure to him; thereupon, at the ri(ing of the parliament, they were all enlarged upon fe- curity to attend that committee, as they fhould be called for; likeas the bilhop of Murray, priioner in the tolbooth of Edin- burgh, was alfo enlarged, and general Ruth- ven was reftored from his forfeiture; but nothing was done for the reftoring of his money. The king alfo beftowed honours upon di- vers of them. The earl of Argyle was made marquis; general Lefley made earl of Leven, and keeper of the caftle of Edinburgh; lord Loudoun, earl of Loudoun ; lord Almond made earl of Calendar; the lairds of Dudop, and Arbuthnot, made vifcounts ; and Mr. An- drew Murray, minifter of Ebdie, having been by David vifcount Stormont, preferred to the lairdiliip of Balvaird; and afterwards, O in io6 THE MEMOIRS OF ill the year 1633, knighted by his majcfty, was now made lord Balvaird. Many alio of the prime covenanters ob- tained great penilons; but one thing w^as re- markable, wherein the king only fliewed himfelf wilful; and this was concerning my lord Balmerino. His majefty was prefTed by fliem to take notice of him, and to gratify him either with fome honour, office or pen- fion : And indeed his majefty's friends ad- vifed him, that (Ince he chofe that way to gain his enemies, by conferring favours on them, he would not negje^l him. But no- thing that could be faid, prevailed with his majefty towards that end; fo fenfible was he; of Balmerino's ingratitude. The king's bounty was alfo extended to churchmen, to whom he owed as little as to any: Mr. Henderfon, moft eminent amongft the covenanted brethren, had beftowed upon him the rent of the chapel royal, efteemed formerly a morfel fufficient for a bifliop; Mr. Gillefpie had a large penfion fettled upon him: The profetTors in the univerfities had their provifions liberally augmented by the revenues formerly belonging to the bifhops; as alfo out of the fame, large portions were allowed to the cathedral churches throughout the land. And for obliging the reft of the miniftry to continue fixt in the caufe, the parliament ordained a commiffion to fit in January next, to enlarge their ftipends, and bring them up to a competency. By BISHOP GUTHRY. 107 By this time certainty came of the rebel- lion in Ireland; whereupon the Englifh com- milFioners dcfired the king to accelerate his return to England, which the parhament af- fented to, as alfo offered to raife an army, and to fend it over, for helping to fupprei's it, provided the parliament of England would be at the charge of entertaining the lame. TheEnglifli commilfioners applauded the mo- tion, and defired the parliament might ap- point commilfioners to repair to London, to treat upon the conditions: fo there were no- minated to go up, the earls of Lothian and Lindfay, and the lord Balmerino, Sir Tho- mas Myrton of Cambo, Sir Thomas Hope, junior. Sir Archibald Johnfton, Sir Thomas Smith, bailie of Edinburgh, Patrick Bell, provoft of Glafgow, and Mr. Robert Barclay, provofl of Irvine, who were all fo furious in the caufe, as made royalifts to talk broadly, that befides the Irifli bufinefs, they would kindle a fire in England ere they returned. This eleftion of commilTioners being ex- pede in parliament, November fixteenth, the next day an a£t was made for a public thankf- giving, to be kept throughout the kingdom, upon the nineteenth of January next, for the happy peace now eftablifhed ; and fo the parliament rofe upon Wednefday the leven- teenth. In the clofe whereof the earl of Loudoun, ; in the names of the nobility, and Sir Thomas Hope, junior, in name of the gentry, made congratulatory fpeeches to his majefty, for O 2 giv- io8 THE MEMOIRS OF giving them full fatisfaftion in all things con- cerning religion and liberty; fo that now a contented king was to depart from a content- ed country, and the cannon of the caftle were difcharged, as an echo to their dif- courfes. As alfo, that night, in the great hall of Ho- lyroodhoufe, the king feafted all the nobility; after which were mutual farewells; and the next morning early his majefly began his journey towards London. After his departure, mens judgments were very different anent the way his majefty had taken, in beftowing fuch favours upon his ad- verfaries, and making them the predominant party in all judicatures; for, albeit all agreed in this opinion, that his majefty's defign in fo doing was, probably, to oblige them to him, that if any difturbance fhould break out in England, as there was even then fome ap- pearance, they might, at leaft, not join a- gainfl; him; yet malignants, for fo were all called that owned the king's intereft, pre- fuming they were fo deeply engaged, that no favours would bribe them to indifference, thought that all that his majefty had done, tended only to render them the more able to ruin him. And in that his majefty had neglefted both noblemen, and others, that were really for ' him, ihey did lefs underftand what ftate-po- licy could be therein; and whatfoever his majefty's reafon might be for it, which was, pollibly, to ingratiate himfelf more with the CO- BISHOP GUT HRY. 109 covenanters, whilft they faw him fo only- bent to make conqueft of them, that he cared not for others; yet it produced this effeft, viz. that divers who had formerly engaged - for him, chofe thereafter to meddle no more, fuch as Sir Donald Gorame, the lairds of Ghight and Banff, Foveran, and others; and even thofe who were of moft generous fpirits ufed to fay, ** That men ought to do what " belongs to confcience and honour, but if *' any engaged for him out of hope of re- *' ward, they might be readily difappointed." Yea, the lord Carnwath, who, whatfoever his perfonal qualities might be, was much more faithful to his majefty than many others, who had tailed as deeply of his bounty, faid to this fenfe in a very public audience, " That *' he would go to Ireland, and join Sir Phelim " Oneal, chief of the rebels there, and then '' he was fure the king would prefer him." But tho' the noblemen and prime cove- nanters did, for a while, after his majefty 's removing, carry themfelves fairly, as if they had intended peace, yet the inferiors began to talk and call it our duty to prefs reforma- tion in England; and the wives of Edinburgh, vvhoie help to the caufe was always ready at a dead lift, cried out againft all, efpecially the minifters who were for a peaceable tem- per, and would be content to acquiefce in the reformation we had obtained; yea, herein they deborded fo far, that they fpared not / Mr. Henderfon himfelf, upon a fuppofition, that the king's refpe^ls to him had wrought him no THE MEMOIRS OP him to a moderation; and when the vulgar lort began thus to vent themfelves, it being well enough known^ that they ufed not to Ipeak by guefs, but firll: had their lefTons gi- ven them, men began more clearl}' than be- fore to difcover and forefee what might be the defign of the great ones. About this time the earl of Lauderdale be- gan to fhew himfelf forward in the caule, his Ion the lord Maitland had been (b from the beginning; but the father withdrew at firft, and joined the king, which then made many to fay, that Lauderdale had chofen the fureil way of any; if the covenanters prevailed, his ion's zeal would expiate his malignancy ; and if the king prevailed, his adhering to. him would procure quarter to his fon. However, his fiding with the king obtained from his majefty a gift of the lordfhip of Mufleburgh, reckoned worth 20000 merks per annum; and having gotten this, he turned the other way. Many feeing this change, did at firft ima- gine, it had been but in pohcy to get the king's gift through the feals (which as it could not be done without their good-will that ruled the exchequer, fo would they not have done fuch a favour to an anti-covenan- ter;) but his after-a£lings refuted that opinion, and declared the reality of his change, in re- gard he became fo zealous in the caufe, that myfelf and many more heard him fay in a very public meeting, " That he would live " to fee the caufe not only go through " Eng- BISHOP GUTHRY. iii ** England, but alfo carried to the walls of *< Rome." The earl of Dunfermline in his way went fomewhat near to the other. His worthy father had been by king James preferred to be chan- cellor of Scotland, and earl of Dunfermline, and had alfo this honour, that king Charles, being then duke of Albany, was, in his in- fancy, educated in his family, upon which reafons his majeily carried with more than ordinary affeflion to this earl of Dunfermline his fbn, and of late gifted him for his Hfe- time the revenue of the lordfhip of Dunferm- line, reckoned to be about looo 1. SterHng per annum. Yet, notwithftanding thereof, was he fb forward in the caufe, that he had ever been chofen for the prime commiifioner in all the applications they made to his majefty, which was a truft they would not have put upon any, ahent whom they had not a certain per- fualion that he was fixed that way. 1642. THE committee appointed by parlia- ment, for the trial of Montrofe, and the reft that had been his fellow prifoners in the caftle, did fit throughout January and Fe- bruary, and having called them often before them, clofed the trial againft the firft of March; and fent the report to his majefty. But 112 THE MEMOIRS OF But nothing broke out at home of any great matters agahiit any of them; and that which was moll adverted to was, that my lord Sinclair's meddling againft Montrofe had produced nothing to his prejudice; whereof the cafe was thus : In the month of June bypaft, when Mon- troie was imprifoned, his chamber in the Ca- nongate, where he had lodged, being, by order of the committee fearched, and no pa- pers of correfpondence with his majefty found therein, the lord Sinclair (then more furious in the caufe than afterwards) was commilTio- nated to go to old Montrofe, the earl's chief dwelling-houfe, and fearch what he could find there to militate ao;ainft him. At his com- ing he broke open his cabinets, but found no- thing therein belonging to the public affairs, only inftead thereof he found fome letters from ladies to him in his younger years, flowered with Arcadian compliments, which, being divulged, would poffibly have met with a favourable conllru£lion, had it not been that the hatred carried to Montrofe made them to be interpreted in the worft fenfe. The lord Sinclair's employment having been only to fearch for papers of correfpon- dence betwixt his majefty and Montrofe, in reference to public affairs, he was much blamed by men of honour and gallantry for publifhing thofe letters, but the rigid fort had him in greater efteem for it. By this time the Scots commiflioners at London advertifed their friends at home, that they BISHOI^ GUTHRY. iif they had fettled v\'ith the parHament of Eng- land anent an army of loooo men, to be fent from thence to Ireland, Carrlckfergus to be their head quarters, and their maintenance to be afforded by the parliament, and there- fore advifed them to go about tht levy. But there came worfe news about a breach begun, and like to increafe, betwixt the king and his parliament of England; and that his majefty having gone to the houle oif- commons' in perfon, and demanded fix of their members, viz. the lord Kimbolton, Mr. Pym, Stroud, Hallerig, Hampden, and Mollis, thfe houfe de- clared this a breach of their privilege; and that the multitude, upon that occafion, was become fo tumultuous, that, to avoid affronts, the king, with his queen and children, had thought fit to withdraw, firrt to Hampton- court, and afterwards to Windfor. For remedying whereof, his majefly fent a mclfage to them, V/hefein he offered, for the begetting a good underdctndihg among them, hot only to pafs from his demand of the fix members, but allb to deliver the cinque ports and the militia of the kingdom to the truft of thofe whom the parliament fliould appoint. But tho' thofe condefcenfions were io gra- cious, as had not a precedent in former times, yet did they not reconcile the difference. If the Scots commiffioricrg proved boutefeus in the bufinefs, as his majefty fufpefted theiii to be, they have to an! wer to God for it. Soon after the king divefted himfelf of his own power to raife the parliament^ by giving hii P alfent 114 THE MEMOIRS OF aflent to their fitting as long as they pleafed,, whereby he had no more authority over them ; only hoped that time might gain them to moderation. His majefty having refolved to come to- wards the north, the queen embarked for Holland with her daughter the princefsMary, who, upon May thelecond, 1641, had been married to the prince of Orange, by bifhop Wren. And the king made his refidence at York with the prince and the reft of his chil- dren. Upon new advertifement from the com- miflioners at London, at laft the army of 10000 men was levied for Ireland, oldLelley made general thereof, and Argyle, Lothian, and the reft of the rigid lords, colonels of re- giments. Montrofe, and the reft of the royalifts, ap- prehended a great deal of policy in this ex- pedition, viz. that they might thereby have an army in readinefs, whenfoever they meant to join with the king's enemies in England : For it was well enough known, that they had it in their defign to unite with them, al- tho' they had not yet begun to profefs it r Neverthelefs, upon April the fecond, the army eroded the fea, and arrived at Carrick- fergus. While his majefty remained at York, there palled feveral declarations betwixt his maje- fty and his parliament, for agreement, but were fo far from producing that effeft, that the differences ftiU increafed: And altho' his BISHOP GUTHRY. 115 his majefty, being calumniated as having au- thorized the Irifli rebellion, did, for his vin- dication, offer to go to Ireland, in perfon, and to hazard his life for fubduing it, yet vt^ould they not confent thereto, but oppo- fed his going by a declaration to the con- So dJflra6tions increafed more and more, notwithftanding the faireft offers his majefty could make for accommodation, and became the more remedilefs, by reafon of an affront which, upon April twenty-fecond. Sir John Hotham, governor of Hull, gave to his ma- jefty, refufing him entrance into the town, profeffmg to have warrant for that effect from the parliament : But whatfoever his warrant was, divine juftice paid home his infolent carriage to his fovereign; for there falling out fome jealoufies afterwards betwixt the parliament and him, both he and his fon were brought prifoners to London, and there loft their heads by that fame authority where- by he had kept the king at defiance at the. gate of his own town. While matters were at a height betwixt the king and parliament, they, at Edin- burgh appointed a faft to be kept through- out the kingdom in the beginning of May thereanent; And it being ordinary, when- foever any plot was in hand, to grace it with a faft, it made all^men to expeft fome great thing to follow; w^ch was, that they fent up the chancellor to York, to deliver their advice to his majefty, and offer his pains for P 2 ac- ii6 THE MEMOIRS OF accommodation. It was expe£ted that the king fliould have allowed him to go forward to London, but it was laid his majeliy thought there were too many of tliem there already; therefore, inftead thereof, he diipatched him home again, to convene a hequent council a^ gainft May twenty-fihh, at which day Rox- burgh, Kinnoul, Lanerk, and Sir James Gal- loway, came down from the king to prels his point. The council being met, a great multitude from Fife and the wellern lliires, having been privately advertiled, came thither, and join- ed in a fupplication to the council, which was prelented by Haddington and Elcho for the nobility; and Scoticraig and Niddry for. the gentry; two burgelTes of Edinburgh for the burghs, and Mr. Andrew Ramfay, and Mr. John Moncrief, for the miniiters, crav- ing that nothing lh.ould be enacted prejudicial to the work of reformation, and the treaty of union betwixt the nations ratified in par- liament ; which fupplication was well ac^ cepred by the council, and thanks given for it. The banded lords, fo were they called, and' other royalifts, upon the noife of the council's meeting, alTembledalfo in the Canon- gate, and joined in a fupplication to the coun- cil for the king's intereif, which was prefent- ed by the earl of Kelly,- lord ErJkine, Keir, and others; but that was rejected vv^ith dif- dain; -and tlie pi;efenters cbeicked for their boldnel«. . iri i^Hio !>ij .vdoium m 2 n. When BISHOP GUTHRY. 117 When the king heard the reiult of that council's meeting, he then began to fee a ftorm brewing in the north; and that not-; withihnding the many favours, whereby, at his being there, he fuppofed he had gained them to an indifferency at leaft, yet they would unthankfully engage againli him. Hereupon the marquis of Hamilton, then with his majeily, tho' not much trufted, of- fered to come home, and draw over Argyle to his party, which had he done, all had been well. But being come home, as itwas true that he and Argyle became fo very intire, that they feafted daily together, and talked of a marriage betwixt the lord Lorn and the marquis's daughter; fo it was found, that in- ftead of reclaiming him to the king's fide, the marquis went along in his way. Which being notified to the king, his next care was how to get them rent af under again, and to this effect William Murray of the bed- chamber offered his fervlce, one, who had as much reafon to be faithful to the king as any Scotfman ahve; for he had not only kept him in his iervice from a child, and preferred him to that place in his chamber, but alio gave him the wards and other great matters, whereby he might have become very rich, if he had been frugal. Royalills thought Mr. Murray's carriage very unanfwerable to thofe favours ; yea, Montrofe, profelTmg to have certain know- ledge thereof, affirmed he was the man, who in Oclober 16^1, fent to Newcastle the co- pies ii8 THE MEMOIRS OF pies of his letters, which he had written to the king then at York. And it was no fe- cret, that in the year 1 641, when his majefty was in Scotland, he did, by his uncle, the provoft of Meffen, correfpond with his ene- mies, and reveal his purpofes to them ; whereof, tho' the king was fufficiently in- formed both by Montrofe, and others; yet fuch was his goodnefs, that, being of income parable integrity himfelf, he was not inclined to |>e fufpicious of any- Whereby it came to pafs, that both Mr. Murray, and others of his majefty's fervants, whofe pranks were well enough known, flood not the lefs right in his majefty's eyes, to the great prejudice of his affairs, and the grief of all true-hearted royalifts. William Murray being come down, went ftraight to Hamilton, where he found the earlof Argyle with the marquis of Hamilton; and after thofe three had conferred fome days together, they feparated, and made the re- port to pafs, that they had difcorded upon the account of public bufinefs : Whereupon William Murray returned to court, as if he had wrought a difference, whereas the con- ftruftion that royalifts put upon it, was, that William Murray had taught them a piece of policy more advantageous to their defign, than any of themfelves had formerly thought on : For, whereas Hamilton profeffed to go for the king, yet whenfoever the royalifts came to be in any capacity to aft for his intereft, my lord Hamilton's place and part was to get the BISHOP GUTHRY. 119 the leading of them about to Argyle*s defign : This was the royalifts lenfe of the fimulat di- vifion betwixt the two marquifles of Hamilton and Argyle. Upon the iaft Tuefday of July, the gene- ral aflembly met at St. Andrews, and Mr. Ro- bert Douglas waschofen moderator. The earl of Dunfermline being his majefty's commifllo- ner, prefentedto the aflembly a letter from his majefty, full of gracious expreflions to this church, and wherein he craved, in recom- penfe of all his favours, no more but that the minifters would by their doftrine and example, labour to keep his fubjefts in their duty. The letter havinoj been read and confider- ed, the aflembly relolved to return his ma- jefty a letter of thanks, wherein they pro- mifed fo to do. Yet the very next day, tHey went about a bufinefs which feemed inconfiftent there- with, and it was this : The Scots Gommiffioners then at London, had written down to the aflembly about the great appearance there was of a reformation in England, and for a proof thereof, fent a printed copy of a declaration emitted by the Englifh parliament, fliewing their intention to extirpate Epifcopaey, together with a let- ter from fome Engliih minifters to that efFe£l, all which were read in the afl^embly, and then it came to be confidered what was incumbent Cii the afl^embly in that cafe. Pi- 120 THE MEMOIRS OP Divers of the meeting were againft it, that the affembly fhould engage any way in refe- rence to the matters of England, and were for waiting till his majefty's commilfioner ihould exprefs himielf to that cffeft: Which had he done, they refolved to have been afllft- ing, but fince his grace kept filence, and faid nothing for his majelly's intereft, they were lo dilcouraged, that they made no appear- ance. And fo it was refolved, that the alTembly fliould write anfwers theretc), teftifying the great content they had to be thus certified of a reformation there, and wilhing the profecu- tion of the fame; and the lord Maitland was pitched upon as the anfembly's commilfioner to go up to deliver their anlvver; and be^ ftdes the letters which were publicly read in the adembly, he had feveral inftruftions gi- ven him in private. "^rhis being done, it was in the next plac(b moved, that the afTembly fhould nominate a commiirioii of certain of their number, to fit frequently at Edinburgh, and to correfpond with the parliament of England from time to time for advancing of that work. The eftabliiliment of that commiirion Was oppofed by divers moderate men in the af iembly, out of a fear that it would encroach upon the affairs belonging to the ordinary ju- dicatures of the church, and fo prove preju- dicial to them : But this objection was taken away by the profefFion of thofe who urged it, that this coramilTion was not to meddle with the BISHOP GUTHRY. 121 the affairs belonging to the ordinary judica- tures; but only to correfpond with the Eng- liih for promoting reformation there, and to continue no longer than that caufe required; and fo by the plurality of voices the commif- fion was eftablifhed. The aflembly rofe the fixth of Augufl:, having firft appointed the next aHembly to fit at Edinburgh upon the firft Wednefday of Aiiguft, i<^43- The next occurrence was the fad news of the diftraftions betwixt the king and parlia- ment, that both were going to arms, the earl of Edex being, by the parliament, chofen ge- neral of the foot, and Bedford of the horie : And, by the king, the earl of Lindfay gene- ral of foot, prince Rupert of horfe, and general Ruthven field marfhal; and that the king's ftandard was to be fet up at Notting- ham, Augufl twenty-firfl:; all which proved true. Levies on both (ides being begun, the par- hament's greateft affiftance, both for men and money, was from the city of London; and, in regard that moft ioldiers of fortune joined to the king, the greateft fcarcity was of officers: For a lupply whereof, fome were fent from Scotland, viz. Sir James Ram- fay, Mr. John Middleton, and James Hep- burn, whom they fo welcomed, that ere long they were preferred to be major gene- rals ; two more Scotfmen engaged for the parliament, viz. Sir William Balfour, and Sir John Meldrum, which was the more talked Q, of, 122 THE MEMOIRS OF of, becaiile oi the ingratitude they thereby expreffed to his majefty, whofe creatures thev were; and efpecially Sir William Bal- four, whom his majefty, in the beginning of bis reign, had preferred to be lieutenant of the tower of London, a place of fo high a truft, and wherein the Londoners thought themfelves fo much concerned, that the firit grudge they harboured againft his majefty, was laid to be becaufe he had conferred it on a ftranger. In the beginning of September the Scots commilTioncrs returned from London, except Patrick Bell, who died there of the pefti- lence. And upon September twcnty-firft: the com- miflion of the late general alTembly met at Edinburgh, to receive an account of the lord Maitland's negociation, who in a long dif- courle told them what great things he had done, and then delivered to them the parlia- ment of England's anfwer to the general af- fembly's medage, fliewing their refolution to abolifh Epifcopacy root and branch, and to call an aflembly of divines for modelling a new government, whereunto they wifhed our church to fend commilfioners. The next thing that came to be talked of through the land, was of a battle fought between the king and parliament at Edge- hill, upon Oftober twenty-third, wherein much blood was fhed on both fides. This gave occadon to the commifllon of the general adembly to meet again at Edin- burgh, BISHOP GUTHRY. 123 burgh, November fifteenth, to confider what was incumbent upon them in that cafe. And while they were about it, an emergent oc- curred, which was not pleafing to them. Mr. John Ofvvald, the minifler of Aber- deen, came as commiinoner from the fynod thereof, to crave their advice anent the in- creafe of Brovvnifm in the north, and efpe- cially concerning one Gilbert Gardine of Til- Hfrortiie, who maintained and fpread the ab- lardeft tenets thereof, which he produced to the commiffion in writing. As aHo Mr. Pa- trick Sharp came commiffioner from the pref- bytery of Hamilton upon the fame errand, and made fpecial mention of one Alexander Taes, a great feducer in Clydeldale. The commilTion's advice was, that thofe things and peribns fhould be tenderly handled, for efchewing offence to the good people of Eng- land that favoured thofe ways. This being lo determined, the commifTmn refolved to delay their refolution in public matters until their next feffion, and fo role for that time. After this came the news that both king and parliament were increafing their forces, and that befides the army his majefty had al- ready on foot, Sir Ralph Hopton was levying another in Cornwal and Wales, and the earl of Newcartle a third in the northern fhires. On the other part, Sir Thomas Fairfax was levying for the parliament alfo in the north, and the earl of Manchefler and Oliver Cromwell were to levy another j which, with Q. 2 that 124 THE MEMOIRS OF that they had already under Edex's com' mand, would amount to three armies alfo. Yet, in token that they were afraid of the king's ftrength, the parliament did fend in the mean time Mr. Pickering to Scotland, to treat for afllftance; and fliortly after his arri- val, they fent a declaration, fetting forth the danger of religion, and thereupon inviting their dear brethren here to engage with them for their aid. Upon the hearing whereof, his majefty fent down the earl of Lanerk, with a letter to the fecret council, in oppofition to the de- claration of the parhament : And, by plu- rality of voices, it was concluded, that the king's letter fhould be printed and publiflied, that thereby it might come to the knowledge of the lieges : Which being done, the mar- quis of Argyle, and his adherents, who had diirented from the conclufion, and the mini- fters alfo, became fo offended, that they fent prefently advertifement to Fife and the weft- ern parts, to make hade to Edinburgh, to remedy the fame. 1645. 'HEN being come to Edinburgh, they afiembled in the Taylors-hall; and to afford them the better opportunity of feeking redrefs, the confervators of peace fate down alfo, as likewile did the commifrion of the ge- neral W^ BISHOP GUTHRY. 125 nerai aflembly. Whereupon the Fife men, and the reft, did firrt: fupplicate the commif- fion of the general alTembly to join with them, and that being granted, both of them fuppli- cated the confervators of peace to deal with the council to explain their meaning, in cau- fing the king's letter to be printed, that it might not import their approving it; as alfo to caufe the parliament of England's declara- tion to be printed, both which the council yielded to. While this was a-doing, a crofs-petition was framed by the royalifts, who, upon the noife of the bufinefs, affembled alfo, and prefented to the council, by the earls of Kelly, Home, and Dumfries; lords Erikine, Montgomery, Ker, Fleming, Livingfton, Drummond, Lin- ton, Salton, Napier, Kirkcudbright, Bar- genny ; but this was rejected by the council with much indignation. As alfo the commif- fion of the church emitted a declaration a- gainft it, which was printed, and copies there- of fent to all the presbyteries throughout the kingdom, with a ftri£i: order, under pain of cenfure, to the feveral minifters to read the fame in their pulpits, and to cpmment upon it to the people. Th^' Confervators of peace, and commit lion of the general aflembly, having thus en- gaged, went on more avowedly than before ; fb that in the next place, they refolved to fupplicate the king for a parliament and gene- ral alTembly; and nominated commiflioners to go to his majefty for thofe ends, the chancel- lor, 126 THE MEMOIRS OF lor, Sir Archibald Johnfton, Mr. Robert Bar- clay, burgefs of Irvine, and Mr. Alexan- der Henderlbn ; all which went, except Sir Archibald Johnfton, to whom his majefty denied a protection, and at their going away, by order from the commifllon of the church, a faft was kept throughout the kingdom, upon the laft Sabbath of February, and the Thurf- day after, for their good fuccefs. The earl of Kelly, and Henry lord Ker, dying about that time, the rigid faction in- fulted thereupon ; and fpared not to fay, ** That their death was in way of judgment, '* for abetting the crofs petition;" altho' it be certain that thofe noblemen died very chriftianly, and were far from reckoning that among their fins. In the end of February, the queen return- ing from Holland, landed at Burlington bay, upon the notice whereof the earl of Montrofe pofted away to her majefty, and convoyed her to York; which, fhorily, the king's e- nemies hearing of, conceived that he would give her majefty a fevere information againft them; for countermining whereof, the mar- quis of Argyle went privately to the marquis of Hamilton (for their profefTion at that time was to be difcorded) and thereupon t)iP rnar- quis of Hamilton rode up to the queen at York ; but, before his arrival there, Mon- trofe had fuggefted to her majefty, " That ** altho' the king's enemies in Scotland did " not as yet profefs fo much, yet they cer- " tainly intended to carry an army into Eng- ** land. BISHOP GUTHRY. 127 " land, and to join with the king's enemies " there; and, for remedy, offered, that, if " the king would grant a commifTion, him- *' felf, and many more, would take the field, *' and prevent it, which he intreated her ** majefty to impart to the king at their meet- *' ing." The marquis of Hamilton, at his arrival, getting notice from her majefty of Montrofe's information, offered to refute all, undertak- ing (that without raifing arms for the king) he fhould make that party to ly quiet, and not lift an army for England; whereof he de- fired her majefty, in his name, to give the king full affurance. The queen trufting moft to the marquis of Hamilton, difmided Montrofe unfatisfied, and exhorted the marquis to perform his pro- mife, telling him, " That, for an earneft " penny of the great rewards he might af- ** terwards expeft, he fhould prefently be ** preferred to the title of a duke;" and fb her majefty went forward to the king, then at Oxford, and my lord Hamilton returned home. And having acquainted Argyle, and his ad- herents, how Montrofe's motions were crufh- cd, whereby they were free from the fears of oppofition, they began to difcover their in- tentions more publicly than before; fo, as it came to be openly talked amongft them, that it was neceflary they Ihould levy an ar- my, and carry it into England, but not fide againft 128 THE MEMOIRS OF againft the king, only mediate betwixt him and his parliament. Montrofe, and other royalifls, confidcr- ing that as foon as the rioife hereof fhould come to his majefty's ears, how he would then reliih his overture which the queen re- jefted, did frequently meet, but not in great numbers, left their adverfaries (who ruled the judicatures) lliould have taken notice thereof, and proceeded againfl them. Thofe who ufed oftneft to meet with Mon- trofe, were, befides Sii Robert Spotfwood, formerly prefident, the earl of Callender, lords Erikine, Ogilby, Napier, and fometimes Montgomery, who then profefTed to be turn- ed that way. Thefe advertifed his majefly, that there were both hearts and hands enough in Scot- land to aft for him, and wanted nothing but a commifFion, which, if his majefly would grant, his adverfaries here might be kept under; but if he were wanting to himfelf, until they had an army on foot, it would then be pall rime to attempt againft them. But my lord iiaml] ion's power at court was fo pre- vailing, that the king was made ftill to rely upon his promile at York, and rejected ut- terly the offer which Montrofe had made. Argyie and the reft of that faftion being , advertifed how Montrofe, and his adherents, had addrefled his majefty, thought it to good purpofe to aday, now when Montrofe had met with a dilbbligement, if he could be gained to their fide, taking it for granted, that BISHOP GUTHRY. 129 that If he was brought over, the reft would fcatter, and fo they would be free of their trouble; for which end Sir James Rollok, and Sir Mungo Campbell, were, by the marquis of Argyle, and the reft, commiffio- nated to go to Montrofe, and to make offer', that if he wouldleaveoff his counter-working, and comply with them, all his debts ftiould be difcharged, and himfelf preferred to the higheft place of command next to general Lefley. Montrofe, to gain time, having ftill an ex- pectation that the king would make fuch d'lC- coveries in time, as would incline him to the courfe he aimed at, gave them a dilatory an- fvver; fo that after a fortnight they returned to him, when, to obtain a farther delay, he profeiled fbme fcruples of confcience ; for fatisfying whereof, he wiflied to confer with Mr. Henderfon at his return from Oxford, which they conftruedtobe a good anfwer, and promifed that fo foon as Mr. Henderfon arri- ved he fiiould be fent to him, to folve his doubts, and fo they parted. In the beginning of May the commifTio- ners returned from Oxford, and againft the ninth day thereof, the lords of council, the confervators of peace, and the commiflloners of the general aflembly, did all convene to receive an account of his majefty's anfwer to their demands. And the fame not being fatisfaftory, efpecially his majefty's refuting to grant a parliament at that nick of time, they fell to debate, whether they might call R a par- 130 THE MEMOIRS OF a parliament without his warrant, or not ; and, for refoiution, had recourfe to Sir Tho- mas Hope, his majefty^s advocate, but pri- vately their oracle, tho' the king could not be perfuadedto think fo, who being confulted, told them, that by the laws of the land they could not call a parliament without the king; but withal infinuated how they might do a- nother thing, which would be as effeflual to their purpofe; that is to fay, call a convoca- tion of the eftates, and gave them a prece- dent thereof, which happened in the time of king James V. Thofe who had infight into the Scots hi- ftory, knew well enough that this inftance was no ways applicable to the cafe now under debate; yet they refted upon the refoiution, and according thereto, publiihed, by found of trumpet at the mercat-crofs of Edinburgh^ a convention of the eftates to fit there upon June tvventy-fecond, requiring the Ihires and burghs to make timely elections of commiffio- ners thereto. Likewife the commiffion of the general aflembly appointed a folemn faft to be kept throughout the kingdom upon Sun- day the eleventh of June, and on the Wednef day following, for the good fuccefs thereof. When the diet of the convention drew near, they difpatched Mr. Henderfon to wait upon the earl of Montrofe for folving of his doubts, who being advertifed by Sir James Rollok of Mr. Henderfon's coming the length ofStirling for that end, did meet him at Stirling bridge; they conferred together by the water-fide the fpace BISHOP GUTHRY. 131 fpace of two hours, and parted fairly with- out any accommodation. Montrofe having retired to his own houfe of Kincardine, began, after fome days, to confider, that Mr. Henderfon having made report to thofe that fent him, how there was no appearance of his turning to their way, it might be feared, that Co fbon as the convention of eftates were met, and fell to confider of his bufinefs, a refblu- tion might be taken to apprehend him. For preventing whereof, he, and with him his intimate friend the lord Ogilby, with- drew themfelves privately, and went to the king then at Oxford, where they found his majefty ftill fo confident, upon the aflTurance which the marquis of Hamilton fent him from York by the queen, that nothing which they could fugged to the contrary, prevailed upon him to attempt any thing for prevention. The convention of the eftates late down June twenty-fecond; lb did the commiflion for the general aflembly; for without the mi- nifters, that ruled it, nothing could be done. The firfl: thing that occurred to be debated in the convention, concerned the earls of Roxburgh, Morton, Annandale, Kinnoul, Carnwath, and Lanerk, who had lately come from court, and were accufed about a letter written by them from Derby, to the queen, informing her majefty of the intelligence they had gotten in their way, concerning the de- fign of the Scots to arm againft the king. Many thought at firft, that the knowledge R 2 of 132 THE MEMOIRS OF of this letter, had been commumcated to our great ones by fome of their fecret friends at court, whereof they were thought to have ftore, even in the bedchamber; but erelong it came to be publicly talked, that it was re- vealed by one of themfelves. However, great offence was taken at the ftrain of it, and they were all cited to appear before the convention. The earl of Carn- wath, who had the leafl friendfhip among them, fled, but the reft obeyed the citation, and, after much debate at feveral diets, that bufmefs was in the end made up, and the convention went on to more public affairs, which were brought in after this manner. The commifTion of the general affembly framed a remonftrance to the convention, fetting forth the danger wherein religion was, by reafon of the courle his majefty was en- gaged in, and commiffionated Mr. Robert Douglas, Mr. Robert Blair, Mr. David Dick- fon, and Mr. Andrew Cant to prefent the fame. The remonftrance being read in the con- vention, was approved, and thanks given to the commiiTion of the adembly for the fame. And withal, the convention did earneftly defire that the commiffion would be pleafed by another remonftrance to offer their beft advice for remedies ; which was gone about, and, after fome days, prefented to the con-- vention. The BISHOP GUTHRY. 133 The fubftance whereof was, that they ihould look upon the caufe of their brethren in England as their own, and beftir themfelves refolutely and aftively for defending and pro- fpering God's caufe in their hands. The convention, being thus animated and fet on by the church, did (oon come to a refolution thereupon, which long before the plotters had in their thoughts, concerning the taking arms. Yet, knowing that the generality of peo- ple throughout the land, favoured the king, and were of opinion, that feeing.^his majefty at his being here, had given full fatisfadion in all things concerning religion and liberty, which themfelves had acknowledged, and was ftill fo far from attempting any thing con- trary thereto, that in all his letters and decla- rations, he promifed both by word and oath, nev€r to alter or reverfe any of his gracious condefcenfions; it was very hard (upon a pre- text ofjealoufy that if he prevailed againft his enemies in England, he would overturn all here) to engage againft him. Therefore the convention chofe to proceed flowly, and by degrees, and the molt which at firft they refolved on was, that becaufe of a rumour, which their minifters and others of the inferior fort devifed, concerning fome mofs-troopers in the fouth borders, who were faid to difturb the peace ; therefore three troops of horfe Ihould be prefently levied, under the command of Sir John Brown, to curb them. Their 134 THE MEMOIRS OF Their policy in that levy was eafily feen by the royalifts; for Sir John Brown finding nothing to do in the fouth, there being no mofs-troopers there, led his troops to and fro through the country, to terrify difaffefted people from whifpering againfl: the public, which they had not fpared to do, fo long as- there were none in arms. After this came one Mr. Corbet to the convention, being fent by the parliament of England, who, befides other meflages com- municated only to the ringleaders, delivered to the convention, and alfo to the commifTion of the general aflembly, a commiffion iflued forth by the parliament of England, for an alTembly of divines to fit at Wellminfler the firft of July inftant, in order to the reforma- tion of the Englifh church. This was much talked of by them, as a fufficient ground for their effeftual concurrence, and afterwards more of that fort occurred. Upon Auguft the fecond, the general af- fembly fate down at Edinburgh, Sir Thomas Hope, his majefty's advocate, being comif- fioner ; and indeed it did exceedingly difcou- rage fuch as intended to have appeared for his majefty's intereft, when they found him fo honoured and trufted, concerning whofe carriage the king had been fb often informed. Mr. Alexander Henderfon was elected mo- derator, to whom the king, in the year 1 64 1 , had expreded great refpefts; whereupon, for fome time afterwards, /lie inclined that we fhould have refted whli our own reforma- tion» BISHOP GUT HRY. 135 lion, which the king had confirmed, and not to have meddled with the Enghlh; but, by this time, they had prevailed with him to go their way; whereby indeed they gained one great point: For he was lb looked upon, and reverenced by the generality of the mi- niftry throughout the land, that they could (carce^ have had them on their fide without him. In the beginning of the alTembly it came to be publicly known, that the king had ta- ken the city of Briftol, and was fo prevailing, that had he afterwards marched forward to London, his adverfaries would have met him with ropes about their necks, and fubmitted upon mercy ; but, inftead thereof, he was led, by treacherous council, to lay fiege to Gloucefter, whereby the parliament had lei- fure to employ themfelves many ways, for increafmg their ftrength, which then was very fmall; Eflex, with the remainder of his army, reckoned not to exceed five thoufand, lying at Kingfton upon Thames, and unable to at- tempt any thing, and Fairfax and Manchefter having yet attained to no confiderable num- bers. Among other means which the parliament ufed, four commiflioners came from it to the general aflembly, viz. Sir William Armin, Sir Henry Vane, junior, Mr. Hatcher, and Mr. Darley, and with them two minifters, Mr. Marfhal, who profefled to be a Presby- terian, and Mr. Nye, an independent, lately come over from New England. They 136 THE MEMOIRS OF They prefented to the aflembly a letter from the divines ailembled at Weftminfter, to- gether with a declaration from the parliament of England, both to one fenfe, viz. that they piirpofed to extirpate Epifcopacy root and branch, and to introduce that which they fliould find mod agreeable to the word of God. Thefe being read, the moderator had a long difcourfe upon them, and then afked the judgment of feveral brethren, what was to be done in order to a return ? Their an- fwer was, that himfelf and his allefTbrs fliould take the bufinefs into confideration. And happening to aik the judgment of Mr. Henry Guthry, minifter of Stirling, he rifing up, fpoke to this effe£l, ** That he obferved the " affembly of divines, in their letter, and *' the parliament, in their declaration, were " both clear and particular concerning the '' privative part, viz. that they would extir- " pate Epifcopacy root and branch; but, as " lo the pofitive part, what they meant to '■' bring ini they huddled it up in many am- '' bigiious general terms : So that whether " it would be Presbytery, or Independency, " or any thing elfe, God only knew; and "no man could pronounce infallibly con- " cerning it : Therefore, that fo long as " they ftood there, and would come no far» '' ther, he faw not how this church, which " holdeth Presbyterian government to beyV-^ '' ris diviniy could take them by the hand." ^Vhereupon he wiihed, " That before there '^ were BISHOP GUTHRY. 137 " were any farrher proceeding, the afTembly " would be pleafed to deal with the Englilh '* commifTioners prefent, to define the par- '' liament and divines adembled at Weftmin- '* fter to explain themfelves, and be as ex- '* prefs concerning that which they refolved *' to introduce, as they had been in that " which was to be removed." The moderator paufed a long time Upon Mr. Guthry's difcourfe, and at laft made no direft reply to it. And that which was ftrange was, that altho' very many in the houfe did in their confcience approve it (as themfelves afterwards acknowledged in private) yet none of them did fecond it. Whereby it came to pafs, that the moderator and his aileflbrs had the bufinefs committed to them, and Mr. Gu- thry's reward for what he had fpoken, was, that all the zealots cried him down as a rot- ten malignant, and an enemy to the caufe, conceiving that his pleading for Presbyterian government, flowed not from any love to it, but to baffle the work. Always, the moderator, and his afleflbrs, which (belides the leading minifters, fuch.as Mr. Dickfon, Blair, Cant, Rutherford, &c.) were the marquis of Argyle, the earls of Cal- fils, Glencairn, Egliriton, Lindfay, and Lou- doun, the chancellor; lords Balmerino, Bur- leigh, Arbuthnot, and others, under the name of ruling elders, v^^ho hciving treated at length with the Englifh commiflioners, refolved in the end upon a league and covenant to be fworn and lubfciibedthroughout both nations, S An4 138 THE MEMOIRS OF And the fame being framed, was by them brought into the aflembly upon the ieven- teenth day of Auguft, and twice read over ; when Mr. Matthew Brisbane, minifter of Er- Ikine, a reverend worthy man, defiring only, that before men were urged to vote about it, leifure might be given them for fome few days to have their fcruples removed ; and for that he was as much fpoken againll, as Mr. Guthry had been the other day. And, without any delay, the queftion was prefently ftated, Approve? Or not? And the roll being called thereupon, it was, by plurality of voices, approved. It was not the cuftom in affemblies, for any man, while the roll was a calling, to interrupt voicing by difcourfes; every one was to an- fwer to the queftion, Yea, or Nay, and no more. Yet, the lord Maitland was fo taken with a thought of his own, that he muft needs vent it: So that when his voice came to be ajfked, he rofe up and fpoke to this fenfe, '* How upon the feventecnth of Auguft, four " years ago, an aft paHed in that affembly " for thruftingEpifcopacy out of this church, " and now upon this (eventeenth of Auguft *' alfo an aft was pafTing for the extirpation \ " of it out of the church of England, and " that providence having ordered it fo, that " both happened to be on one day, he thought ** there was much in it_, and that men might " warrantably thereupon expeft glorious con- ** fequences to follow, even farther off than ** England, ere all was done.'* This BISHOP GUTHRY. 139 This oblervation was applauded by the moft, as having much quicknefs in it, though others thought it very ridiculous. The next thing done in the adembly was, the eieftion ofcommiirioners to repair to Lon- don, to join with the aflembly of divines, for promoting the work; and the men pitched up- on were, Mr. Alexander Henderfon, Mr. Ro- bert Bailey, Mr. Samuel Rutherford, and Mr. George Gillefpie; and, as ruling elders, with them the earl of CafTils, lord Maitland, and Mr. Archibald Johnfton. Afterwards the aflembly fent Mr. Douglas, Dickfon, Cant, Blair, and others, to the con- vention of the eftates, to prefent to them the league and covenant, and to crave their ra- tification thereof, which the convention grant- ed with much joy; and fo the commiflion of the church being renewed, by the aflembly, for that year, and orders given for the frer quent meeting thereof, whereby the better correfpondence might be maintained with thofe that were commillionated to go for London, the aflembly rofe with triumph Au- gufl nineteenth. Upon the twenty-fourth of Auguft the convention, having now ratified the league and covenant, did, in purfuance of the ends thereof, publilli at the mercat-crofs of Edin- burgh a proclamation, commanding all be- twixt fixty and fixteen to be in readinefs upon twenty-four hours warning, to march when and where they fiiould be appointed. S 2 And I40 THE MEMOIRS OF And upon the morrow the twenty-fifth the convention (having appointed a grand com- mittee to fit conHantly, with ample power in all things that fhould occur) adjourned, be- ing to alfemble again when the committee fliould give the call. Upon the thirtieth of Auguft the lord Maitland, Mr. Alexander Henderfon, and Mr. George Gillefpie, and with them Mr. Hat- cher, and Mr. Nye the preacher, began their journey to London, in order to get the league and covenant approved and fubfcribed there, the reft of the Englifh commifiioners being to ftay here until the covenant fhould be re- turned. Upon the arrival of thefe commifiioners at London, there was much joy, and the league and covenant, which they carried up, was, without delay, allowed and approved, both by the parliament and the afi^embly of divines^ and afterwards returned hither. Whereupon the commifiion of the general afiembly difpatched prefently to London, Mr. Robert Bailey, and Mr. Samuel Ruther- ford, to fliew with what folemnity the return of the league and covenant was welcomed, and to join with the other commifiioners for- merly gone up for promoting the work. Afterwards the commiffioh of the general afiembly ordained, that, without delay, it fhould be fworn and fubfcribed throughout this whole kingdom; and, for that efCcCt, they fertt very peremptory letters to all pfeSbyfd- ries within the fame. And, BISHOP GUTHRY. 141 And, becaufe they doubted moft the preC byrery of Stirling, in regard of the known dirafFe£lion of the minifters thereof. Sir John Brown had orders given him to quarter his three troops in Stirling, until the fame Was done. Upon the thirteenth of Oftober the league and covenant was folemnly fworn and fub- fcribed in the High church of Edinburgh, by the commiifion of the church and the com- mittee of eftates, together with the Englifh commiffioners, viz. Sir William Armin, Sir Henry Vane, and Mr. Marfliall, who had flaid here until this time. After this the earls and lords of council, were, by the committee of eftates, warned, under ftri£t certifications, to appear in Edin- burgh upon Thurfday the fecond of Novem- ber, there to fvvear and fubfcribe, which many did, to efchew fuffering, but not cor- dially. Only Hamilton, Lanerk, Roxbrugh, Mor ton, and Kinnoul refufed ; whereupon or- ders were given out, that their rents fhould be meddled with, yet nothing followed there- upon ; for Morton and Kinnoul's eftates were fo diftrefled at that time, that they were not worth preying on, and for the other three, they had friends in the committee. In tlie mean time news came of hot work in England, in that fo foon as the league and covenant had been approved by the parlia- ment and aftembly of divines, the people took fuch heart thereupon, that they quickly coiv 142 THE MEMOIRS OF concurred to the recruiting EfTcx's army; and it being ftronger than at firlt, he marched a- way to raile the fiege of Gloucefter, whereof the king having intelligence,, his majefty left the fiege, and went towards him, fo that they encountered near Newbury, where was a bloody battle, with great lofs on both fides, upon Oftober twenty-third. The committee of eftates being certified hereof, proceeded more quickly towards a levy, and it furthered the bufinefs much, that upon November twenty-third, there arrived at Leith one of the parliament's lliips, where- in was 50,000 1. Sterling, fent by the parlia- ment to our committee of eftates, for promot- ing the work. Old Leiley, now earl of Leven, was, without controverly, ele6i:ed general, as be- fore. The earl of Callender had an offer of the lieutenant-general's pla,ce, which he had for- merly executed, but he declined it; neither were they very earned about it, doubting very much his affeftion, and withal having David Leiley to prefer. The lord Erikine obftinately refufed to take command, which made them afterwards do him all the harm they could; fo that the regiment of Stirlingfliire, which had been prefled upon him, was embraced by another, who had as much reafon as any to have flood for the king; this was the lord Livingftone; and, fo foon as the noife went that he had en- gaged, many prophefied, that Callender would alfo BISHOP GUTHRY. 143 alfo tack about ere long, in regard that Living- ftone then having moft of his fubftance from him, it was prefunied he would not have complied without his allowance. The lord Montgomery alfo embraced a regiment, io did divers others, who formerly had profef- fed difaffeftion to the caufe. The commiflion of the general afTembly, to fliew their zeal to the caufe, would needs have a regiment of black-coats fet forth ; and therefore ordained every minifter throughout the kingdom, as he would be anfwerable, to afford a loldier for making up a regiment, to be under the command of Arthur Erikine of Scotfcraig, which many of them obeyed wil- lingly, others by conftraint. As alfo the commiifion appointed a national faft, to be obferved upon Sunday January the fevcHth, and the Wednefday following, for a blefling upon the army. The regiments, by the middle of Decem- ber, began to march fouthward, and in their way received orders from the general, to make their rendezvous before the firft of Ja- nuary, at Hairlaw, within four miles of Ber- wick. Whereof the king having gotten certain in- formation, the earl of Motitrofe, and the lord Ogilby (and their adherents, Lodoviek earl ofCrawfurd, the earl ofNithfdale, the lords A- boyne, and Rea) began to be better looked upon at court than before, and his majefty could not forbear exclaiming againft the lord Hamilton, who, by his undertaking to bin* 4cr 144 THE MEMOIRS OF der a levy, had made him fo fecure, that nothing had been attempted for prevention of it. In the mean time duke Hamilton (for his patent had parted the feals two months before) and his brother the earl of Lanerk, preium- ing they had enough to fay for their own ex- cufe, went from Scotland towards the king; but, being arrived at Oxford, before they had feen his face, were, by his order, made prifoners; the duke was fent to Pendennis caftle, and Lanerk confined in his chamber, from whence, fhortly after, by means of James Cunningham, one of his majefly's aftual fervants, he made his efcape, and went (traight to the Scots commifTioners at Lon- don, to whom he was very welcome. 1644. BY the firft of January, the army was convened atHairlaw; and to attend the general, and be affifting ini council, there came thither alfo a committee, whereof the marquis of Argyle was the principal. But, at home, there fell out upon Ja- nuary the fifth, a tumult in Edinburgh, whereby the grand committee received fbme affront ; it was occafioned by a motion of ijiy lord Balmerino, whofe genius led him to be very happy in plotting, for an excife lobe impofed upon fcveral goods, to be a ftock BISHOP GUTHRY. 145 flock of credit, for the better maintenance of the army ; fo foon as the noife of it fpread abroad, the whole citizens, except fome few that were mod bigotted, rofe in a muti- nous way, compafled the houfe where the committee fate, exclaimed againft that aft of tyranny, and threaten'd, that unlefs it were repealed, they would tear Balmerino in pieces. To compofe the tumult, the committee di{^ charged it for that time, until the whole con- vention of eftates fliould meet to confider of it, which was appointed to be upon January twenty-fifth ; and this being intimated to the people they disbanded. Mr. Dickfon, Douglas, Blair, and other commiffioners of the general aHembly, who had a prime influence upon public affairs, were highly diipleafed at the affront the com- mittee had received, as alfo that the motion, to the contriving whereof, they had been con- curring with Balmerino, had profpered no better ; and for remedy, concluded that the commiffion of the afl^mbly ihould (it down January feventeenth, to prepare the people againft the diet of the convention, to give way to the excife. Wherein the church-men were fo fuccefsful, that notwithftanding the fury which had been expreffed upon the firfl hearing of it, yet when the convention of eftates aflembled at the day appointed, not fo much as one man in all the city was heard to fpeak againft it ; and fo by the authority of the convention, the excife was concluded, T and 146 THE MEMOIRS OF and proclamation thereanent prefently pu- blifhed at the mercat-crofs. Wherefore the caufe triumphed, and met with no oppofition any where throughout the land, for having two armies (whereof the one in Ireland and the other in England) they became fo formi- dable, that all men behoved to fubmit. The burghs were all cordially for them, none excepted, yea, they were more fu- rious than any other corporations. There were of the fliires fixed their way, the fhire of Fife (which had always been forward in any thing that was called refor- mation) and the whole weftern (hires, viz. Galloway, Carrick, Kyle, Cuningham, Ren- frew and Clydefdale; among all which, there was not one man talked of being difafFe£led to them, except Sir David Cuningham of Robertland, Sir Robert Douglas of Bridg- end, and Mr. Archibald Fleming of Peel, commiflary of Glalgow. In the fouthern ihires (Nithfdale and Johnfton, with fome others of their friends, being excepted) the whole clans were for them, and thofe of the name of Scot beyond the reft. The fhires in the heart of the kingdom, (viz. the Lothians, Angus, Mearns, Perth, and Stirling fhires) were not fo generally af^ fedied their way ; yet they had in each of them fome, in whom they might confide^ who carried through their affairs in their meetings. In BISHOP GUTHRY. 147 In the north, their confidence was in the earl of Sutherland, with the Forbefes and Frazers ; otherwife the generality of the people did not favour them, except fome par- ticular perfons, luch as the lairds of Innes and Brodie, and Dr. Douglas in BamfF, and fuch others as this Douglas, who affefted to be zealots that way, that they might get the employments, whereby they might benefit themfelves. The crreateft difaffeftion to the caufe was northwards, beyond the Grampian hills a- mong the highlanders. For altho' thofe in the weftern highlands, fubjefl to Argyle and Glenorchy were for them, yet the eaflern parts were not fo. The countries of Athol, Mar, Badenoch, Lochaber, Kintaile, Petty- Strath-don, Strath-fpey, &c. with moft of the ifles, were malignants, being conformable to their fuperiors, the marquis of Huntley, the earls of Mar, Athol, Murray, Seaforth, and the lairds of Grant, Mackintofh, and Lochaber. Many of the ancient nobility abhorred their courfe, yet that was no difcouragement to the others, in regard they had not fuch followers as to render them capable to af- front it: Which fell out, partly thro' the gid- dinefs of the times; but more by the way his majefty had taken at the beginning of his reign ; at which time he did recover from divers of them their hereditary offices, and alfo preded them to quit their tithes (which formerly had kept the gentry in a depen- T 2 dence 148 THE MEMOIRS OF dence upon them) whereby they were fo weakened, that now when he flood mod in need of them (except the chief of the clans) they could command none but their vaflals. There were alfo among the miniftry, who difliked their way, yet for fear of fuffering, complied therewith. For now this new-mo- delled commiflion of the general affembiy (notwithftanding the fair profeflions made two years ago, when it was firft eftablifhed at St. Andrews ) aifumed a legiflative power, and enjoined obedience to their afts, fiib pfBna: Yea, they became fo tyrannical, that it may be admired how lo much violence and cruelty (as already began to appear amongft them) could lodge in the breads of church-men, who pretended to fuch piety, as did Mr. Douglas, Dickfon, Blair, Cant, and fome others, who over-ruled the com- miiTion at their pleafure ; there being nothing but the worft they could do, to be expedted by any that fhould happen in the leaft to oppofe them. This prevailed upon men to fubmit for efchewing perfecution. So all went well with the caufe ; and the marquis of Argyle returning from the army, reported to the committee of eftates and com- miflion of the aflembly, how after they had lain fome days before Newcaftle ( which yet held out, the earl of Newcaftle with a con- fiderable army being in it) they had, before his coming away, eroded the river at New- burn, having left Sir James Lumfden with five BISHOP GUTHRY. 149 five regiments to attend on this fide thereof, and marched without oppofition to Sunder- land : He alfo reported, how that fhortly af- ter the earl of Newcaftle, having left a party in the town for defending the fame, had drawn forth his army, and come up to the Scots army ; and that thereupon there had enfued a hot fight, wherein the earl of New- caftle was fo far worfted, that fince, he had withdrawn, and gone with the remainder of his army fouthward to York. Thefe difcourfes of Argyle's furnifhed matter of rejoicing at Edinburgh, and the report went current, that there was no lefs joy in the army at his coming away, in re- gard that as that nobleman was generally conftructed not to be very ftout, fo the fol- diery had an apprehenfion, that his company was unfortunate in war, and that they would profper the better to be rid of him. This being but a fancy, would feem to have merited no great obfervation, yet the commifTion of the general afiembly laid fuch weight on it, as to efteem it a prefumption that the army was in danger to turn malig- nant ; for preventing whereof, it was refolv- ed, that Mr. Robert Douglas fhould go up, and fet all right ; who, having deputed Mr. William Bennet to moderate in the commif fion in his abfence, took his journey the week following. In the mean time, the Scots army in Ire- land being in great want of fubfiftence, and having no fupply fent them, on their former adver- ISO THE MEMOIRS OF advertirement, they refolved to come over. And two regiments arrived, before the com- mittee of eftates knew any thing of it, viz. the Lord Sinclair's regiment, which marched to Stirling and quartered there, and the earl of Lothian's regiment, which fettled at Glaf- gow. Hereupon the committee difpatched the carl of Glencairn, Sir William Campbell of Lawers, and Sir Frederick Hamilton to deal with the red not to flir. But before their arrival in Ireland, Lawer's own regiment was come over, and quartered themfelves in Clydeldale upon the earl of Carnwath's land: With the reft they prevailed to ftay in Ire- land, upon aflurance that before the i oth of April inftant, a confiderable fupply fhould be lent them ; which was accordingly per- formed. Thus all things were quieted at home, and the lords of the committee, and the commif- fioners of the general allembly, were very jovial at Edinburgh. But their mirth was foon marred, by an advertifement they had from the north, that the marquis of Huntley (having the king's commilTion for that effe£t) had taken the iield, with a confiderable body of men. Whereupon, the convention of the eftates was called to meet upon April the tenth, as alfo the commiffion of the general afTembly, without whom nothing could be refolved upon. And > BISHOP GUTHRY. 151 And thofe judicatures being fate, the firft thing that occurred, was the receiving of the earl of Lanerk, who, being lately come down from the commiifioners at London, ap- peared, and gave fuch evidences of his deep lorrow for adhering to the king (b long, with fuch malicious reflexions upon his facred majefty, that I forbear to exprefs them, al- tho' I was an ear-witnefs of them, as made his converfion to be unfeigned, and fo was received to the covenant, and afted after- wards fo vigorously in the caiife, that ere long he was preferred to be a ruling elder. The next thing thefe judicatures went about, was how Huntley's infurreflion fhould be crufhed ; for which end a commifTion was given to the marquis of Argyle, and he pre- fently to raife three regiments ; one in Fife, to be commanded by the lord Elcho, ano- ther in Angus, to be commanded by the earl of Kinghorn, and the third in Perth-fliire, to be commanded by the laird of Freeland. And ( that the fpiritual fword might be concurring) the fummary excommunication of the ringleaders in that rifing was decreed, viz. of the marquis of Huntle)^ the laird of Drum the younger, and Robert Irvine his brother, the laird of Haddo, and Thomas Hay his feryant ; the laird of Skeen, the laird of Tipperty, and Mr. James Kennedy, Huntley's fecretary ; and the fentence was pronounced by Mr. John Adamfon. By this time the marquis of Argyle had gotten up his three regiments, and therewith marched 152 THE MEMOIRS OF marched northwards : Upon the knowledge whereof, the marquis of Huntley very poor- ly disbands, and leaves his friends to their fliifts, himfelf retiring to Strathnaver a high- land country belonging to the lord Rea, to lurk there. The laird of Haddo, who had been with him, and captain Logie, the fon of a learn- ed minifter, that for his loyalty was already twice depofed, with forae foldiers, did be-^ take themfelves to the caftle of Haddo, and fortified it fo, that it might well have en- dured Argyle's fury. But he coming before it, went more craftily to work, by offering fair quarters to the foldiers, and all others within the houfe, except to the laird himfelf and captain Logie : Upon which they em- braced the conditions, and having firft bound with fetters the laird and the captain, they did caft open the gates to Argyle, who being entered, prefently fent thofe two gen- tlemen prifoners to the tolbooth of Edin- burgh, and fhortly after, himfelf returned thither in triumph. The jollity which this fuccefs in the north occafioned to the lords of the committee and commiiTioners of the church was not ended, before they were ftartled again with an a- larm from the fouth, that the marquis of Montrofe ( for that title the king had lately conferred upon him) being accompanied with a confiderable number of foldiers (which by the earl of Newcaflle's favour he had levied in Weitmorland ) had taken-in the town of Dum- BISHOP GUTHRY. 153 Dumfries, and had there fet up his majefty's ftandard. This invafion was looked upon as a more formidable attempt than the other, in regard of the extraordinary abilities wherewith Mon- trofe was endued, even his enemies being judges, and therefore the committee of eftates concluded, that for oppofing of him, an army fhould prefently be levied, by calling forth the eighth man throughout the whole land : And having pitched upon the earl of Callen- der to be general thereof, he did (without ceremony) embrace the preferment, not- withflanding that before Montrofe's with- drawing, he had confederated with him in the defign which he was now carrying on. The earl of Callender having engaged, went about his levies ; but before he had made much progrefs, the marquis of Mon- trofe was repulfed and forced to retreat to Carlifle ; in regard that upon the appearance of a Scottifh party led on by the Hieriff of Teviotdale, thofe Engliih that he brought with him, did all flee on the fudden. The caufe whereof he judged to be this, that moft of them being levied in Sir Richard Graham's bounds, had been corrupted by their mafter, who (owing his rife, from a very low degree to a puilTant eftate, to the king's bounty) paid him home, as many others had done that were advanced by him. For Montrofe's attempt, the commifllon of the general adembly decreed the fummary excommunication of him, with the earls of U Craw^ 154 THE MEMOIRS OF Crawfurd and Nithfdale, and lords Ogilby, Aboyne, andHarreis that attended him. The fentence whereof was pronounced in the great church of Edinburgh upon April twen- ty-fixth, and very peremptory orders fent to all the minifters throughout the kingdom to make intimation of it. Notwithftanding Montrofe's repulfe, the earl of Callender proceeded in his levy, and having upon the twenty-fifth of April, mu- ftered at Douglas 5000 men, from thence he marched forward with them to Dumfries, where they halted until Sinclair's regiment (which then quartered in Stirling) fhould come to them. That regiment was efteem- ed fomewhat malignant, yet having received drift orders from the committee of eftates for that effeft, it removed from Stirling May fixth, and came up to the earl of Callender then at Dumfries j and in place whereof, was fent to command in Stirling from their weft-quarters a regiment belonging to the earl of Callender. For that town was the more adverted to, both in regard that it is the jnoft confiderable pafs in the kingdom, and alfo becaufe of the difaffeftion both of mini- fters and people thereabouts, efpecially the houfe of Mar, who are hereditary gover- nors of the caftle of Stirling. Upon May twenty-ninth, the general af fembly fate down at Edinburgh without any commiffioner from his majefly. In it the proceedings of the late commiflion were ap- proved, and thanks given them for their fide- lity BISHOP GUTHRY. 155 lity and diligence ; And then the commiflion was renewed for the year to come ; and fb the aflembly rofe upon June fourth, having remitted all affairs to the new commiflion. The marquis of Montrofe fince his retreat from Dumfries had not been idle, for by this time he had gotten up in the north parts of England a confiderable number of men, and had therewith routed the garriibn of Mor- peth, and put provifions into the town of NewcalUe. Upon notice whereof, the committee of eftates ordered the earl of Callender to march into England, and take order with Montrofe. The firfl; part he obeyed, but not the fe- cond. For prefently he left Dumfries, and advanced through Northumberland, but in- flead of medling with Montrofe (who was then in a good pofture) he directed his courfe to the town of Newcaftle, and laid fiege to it, a task wherewith he was well acquainted, having been bred moftly in the Holland war. For before this time general Lefley had left it, and drawn his army fouthward, to join with Manchefter and Fairfax, in befieging the city of York, in which was the earl of Newcaftle and his army. And this was the period of time, at which the king's bufinefs began to decline, whereof a main reafon was faid to be this. In January laft, the king had emitted a declaration, fummoning his parliament of England to leave Weftminfter, and to (it at Oxford, with a promife of pardon to all that U 2 came 156 THE MEMOIRS OF came thither. Whereupon many of the houfe of peers, and fome of the commons alfo, af- fembled at Oxford, and there made fair pro- fefTions of their loyalty ; among which one was, that they fent a letter (figned by fifty four hands which I faw at it) to the council of Scotland, and to the confervators of peace; fetting forth their diflike of the Scots inva- fion, and wifhing a fair and juft courfe to be taken for preventing blood^{hed in both na' tions, which otherwife might enfue : The carriers of the letter, having general Lef^ ley's pafs, were permitted to come in and deliver the letter ; and had alfo the liberty of a fafe return. Yet it was publicly talked here, that thofe who came to Oxford upon his majefty's fummons, meant not to be very faithful to him, but rather (by that ftratagem) to do thofe whom they had deferted at Weftmin- fter better fervice, than they could have done being with them, by advifing his maje- {ly to courfes which tended to his ruin. Whether there was a reafon or not for this Gonftru^tion, I leave undetermined : But cer- tain it waS; that as the leaving of Weftminfter and coming thither, procured them fuch truft, that his majefty was led by their coun- fels ; fo his affairs did thereafter more and more mifcarry ; and his mod: fecret projects came to be underftood by his enemies: Whereof the moft loyal and gallant general Ruthven did often warn his majefty, but could not get it remedied. Th€ BISHOP GUTHRY. 157 The Scots parliament fate down at Edin» burgh upon Jun'e fourth, there being no commifTipner there from the king. The earl of Lauderdale was elefted prefident thereof; Mr. Andrew Cant, by the commif- fion of the general aHembly, was appointed to preach at the opening of the parliament, wherein he fatisfied their expeftation fully. For the main point he drove at in his fer- mon, was to ftate an oppofition betwixt idng Charles and king Jefus (as he was pleafed to fpeak) and upon that account, to prefs re- (iflance to king Charles for the intereft of king Jefus. It may be wondered that fuch doftrine fhould hav6 relifhed with men brought up in the- knowledge of the fcriptures ; and yet, fuch was the madnefs of the times, that none who preached in public fince the be- ginning of the troubles, had been fo cried up, as he was for that fermon. The city of York being then ftraitly block- ed up by Lefley's, Manchefter's, and Fair- fax's armies, the king fent prince Rupert with his army for the relief thereof. Upon the knowledge of his approach, they left the fiege, and returned with their armies fome miles off, towards Marfton-Moor; fo that without any difficulty, he put provifions into the city. And had his highnefs refted fatisfied therewith, and gone home, all had been well. Or yet, if he had lingred till the marquis of Montrofe's arrival, ( who halted towards him with the men he had drawn to- gether 158 THE MEMOIRS OF gether in the north of England) he had been much the ftronger. But before Montrofe could reach jhim, he went towards them, and engaged in battle. At firft the fuccefs favoured the prince fo far, that Lefley, Manchefter, and Fairfax did all flee many miles ( and which is more, Mr. Robert Douglas himfelf) only Oliver Cromwell with the party he commanded, and David Lefley with the Scots horfe, ftood to it, and fought fo eagerly, as changed fome- what the fortune of the day, and made the defeat to be reckoned on prince Rupert's fide; which was the lefs, in that it being within two hours of fun-letting before they engaged, night prevented an abfolute victory. This was upon July fecond. Of the Scots, ther&died, befides inferiors, but one nobleman, the vifcount of Dudop, who, being fore wounded in the fight, ex- pired fhortly after, and his fall was the more remarkable, in regard, that being in his heart a true royalift, yet, he not only embraced, but (by his uttermoft intereft) procured to himfelf the command of a regiment, that fo he might avoid the fufferings, which all were made to endure at home that owned the king. After the battle, the earl of Newcaftle having efcaped, the city of York furrender- cd to Fairfax upon ordinary conditions, and withal that no Scots lliould be permitted to enter. Whereupon general Lefley brought back his army to Newcaftle, to join with the BISHOP GUTHRY. 159 the earl of Callender for the carrying that town. Prince Rupert being upon his retreat from that unfortunate battle, the marquis of Mon- trofe came up to him, and after conference with his highnefs, left with him his forces ; and himfelf with fome noblemen and gen- tlemen that attended him, came northward to Durham (which yet held for the king) uncertain what courle to take; for today in England, they were in danger to be catch- ed by the parliament's troopers, who fmce the battle of Marfton-Moor fpread every where (many who before lay by, having now declared for them.) And to come to Scotland would be worfe, for that he heard nothing yet of the landing of the Iriih in Scotland ; notwithftanding that when he em- braced his commiffion, the earl of Antrim had undertaken to his majefty, to land be- fore that time 1 0,000 Irifli in the north of Scotland, to be under Montrole's command : Befides, in cafe through misfortunes he fhould happen to come into his enemies hands, there was no hopes of mercy, in regard their violence was come to that height, that now they even began to cut off mens heads upon fcaffblds for their loyalty. For on the nineteenth of July, the laird of Haddo and captain Logie, were both be- headed at the mercat-crofs of Edinburgh, for their being with Huntley in his infurreftion ; and Ihortly after John Maxwell of Logan^ in the (hire of Dumfries, had the fame mea- fure i6o THE MEMOIRS OF fure given him in the fame place, for being fuppofed to have befriended Montrofe of late, while he was there. And the earl of Crawfurd, general Ruth- ven, and general King, were, without any citation, forefaulted at the crofs of Edin- burgh ; and the title and honour of the earl of Crawfurd bellowed upon the earl of Lind- fey, and he alfo made treafurer of Scotland, inftead of the four commiiTioners, which in the year 1641 the king and parliament ap- pointed for that effe£k. Thefe emergents might well reprefent to him how dangerous it was to come home ; yet, taking necefTity for his councellor, he did refolve it, and begun next to think up- on the way. Forces he had none, therefore could not come openly, and even in difguife wanted not hazard, in regard that all pades were guarded ; yet he refolved upon the laft. So Lodovick, earl of Crawfurd, choofing to retire to the garrifon of Newcaftle ; and the Lord Aboyne to ftay at Carlifle, while he fhould hear from him, Montrofe difpatch- ed the lord Ogilby, in whom he confided much, and with him the remanent gentle- men that had attended him to the king, with inllruftions relating to the enterprize he was now to attempt, who were fo unfortunate as to fall among fome of the parhament*s troopers as they pafled through Lancaihire, to whom after a hot fight they were forced to fur render upon quarter; andlb were lent prifoners to Hull, from whence the gover- nor' BISHOP GUTHRY. i6i nor thereof guarded them with a convoy to general Lefley at Newcaflle. The marquis of Montrofe being now fe- pa rated from them, himfelf and two only, whom he chofe to attend him, viz. colonel Sibbald, and Sir William Rollok, taking on them the habits of troopers, ventured on the journey, and without difcovery arrived at the houfe of Tuliibaltan, near the foot of the Grampian hills, where dwelt his inti- mate friend Patrick Graham of Inchbrakie. There he lurked for fome days, longing to hear of the Irilli which Antrim had under- taken to fend over; and the firft thing that refrefhed him was, the news that the Scots parliament, having appointed a committee to lit in the interim, had adjourned to the fecond of January next, in regard that the marquis of Argyle behoved to go home and look to his country, becaufe of an advertiferaent he had received, that fome Iriili were landed there ; and within three d.iys after, the courfe which thole Irifh had taken came to be pu- blicly known, viz. how they firft touched upon the coafl of the well highlands of Ardna-murchan ; and having there taken- in and fortified the caille of Mingrie, had committed to the garrilon which they fettled in it the cuftody of two prifoners, viz. Mr. James Hamilton, and Mr. John Weir, minl- Ifers, whom they had taken at fea, being on their return from Ireland, where they had been getting hands to their league and cove- nant. Thereafter they failed eaftward, and X land- i62 THE MEMOIRS OF landed at the ifle of Slait, belonging to Sir Donald Gorram, and from thence marched to Badenoch. All this came to Montrofe's knowledge, and the next day his joy was yet more encreafed, by a letter fent from Alex- ander Macdonald their chief commander, directed to the marquis of Montrofe, and re- commended to the care of Patrick Graham of Inchbrakie for difpatch ; Macdonald be* ing ignorant that Montrofe was in Scotland. Montrofe having received the letter, wrote back to Macdonald, who yet halted at Ba- denoch, that without delay he fliould march down to Athol, where he would meet him. And fo the next day Montrofe and his wor- thy coufin Inchbrakie, having attired them- felves in the ordinary habit of highlanders, went towards Athol, and arriving there the next day, they met Macdonald with his people, to their mutual joy. The number of the Irilh, inftead of ten thoufand, promifed by the earl of Antrim, amounted fcarcely to twelve hundred ; but fo foon as Montrofe produced his commifTion and began to command, the men of Athol and Badenoch, who had refufed formerly to join with Macdonald, did cordially rife, and fwelled Montrofe's array to the number of 3000. The news hereof was not grievous to the young laird of Drum, and Robert Irvine his brother, who after Huntley's disbanding, to efcape fuffering, had embarked for Hol- land, and by ftorm were driven upon Caith- nefs, BISHOP GUTHRY. 163 nefs, where they retired to the houfe of a gentJeman firnamed Sinclair, in whom they had a near intereft, expelling llielter from him until the wind fhould favour them; but there having been a price fet upon their heads, his eagernefs to have the money made him betray them into the hands of their ene- mies ; whereupon a fortnight after they were carried priloners to the tolbooth of Edin- burgh, in which place they were now wait- ing for their doom. The committee of eftates being certified that the marquis of Montrofe was at the head of the Irilli, did prefently caufe an army to be drawn out of Fife and Perthlliire, in or- der to encounter him, ordering the people of Fife to be commanded by the lord Elcho; and thofe of Perthfhire by the earl of Tulli- bardine, then very famous in the caufe. Thefe being levied had their rendezvous at Perth, vt^hither the lord Kilpont had al(o brought from Monteith, and other weftern parts of Perthfhire, four hundred men ; but lb foon as Montrofe defcended towards his adverfaries, Kilpont delivered up his men to him. And upon Friday the firft of September a battle being fought at Tippermuir, Montrofe obtained an abfolute viftory, notwithftanding the great odds of numbers ; for the covenan- ters were reckoned fix thoufand foot, and fix hundred horfe, whereas Montrofe's foot ex- ceeded not thirteen hundred, befides Kilpont's men, in whom he did not confide, in that they X 2 had i64 THE MEMOIRS OF had been brought in againft their will ; and for horfe he had only three, whereof two were for his own laddie, and the third for Sir William Rollok's, who being fomevvhat Inme from his childhood, could not well march on foot. By this victory, as Montrofe's Iriili came to be provided both of clothes and arms, whereof they had neither before, fo the com- mittee of eilates were flartled to that degree, that they refolved to lend up the lord chan- cellor to London. For befides thofe whom the kirk had commilfioned to reiide there, for concurring with the divines at Wertmin- fter, the parliament had alfo nominated di- vers to attend the parliament of England, for carrying on the confederation between them; and thofe named by the parlianient for that end were, the chancellor, Argyle, Maitland, Balmerino, Sir Charles Erikine, Sir Archi- bald Johnfton, Hugh Kenned}^ burgefs of Air, and Mr. Robert Barclay, burgefs of Irvine ; but it being necelTary that the chan- cellor, Argyle, and Balmerino, fliould uiual- ly flay at home, to fit at the helm, they therefore went not up, unlefs upon folemn occafions, whereas the reft remained always at London, of which they had no reafon to complain, in that befides the gratuities which they received there, they had allowed by Scotland for their maintenance in Scots mo' ney per diem, to every earl 48 1. to every lord 36 1. to every knight 30 1. to every burgefs 24 1. and to every minifter i8l. But BISHOP GUTHRY. 165 But the particular occafion of the chancel- lor's going up at this time was faid to be this, viz. That the king was thought to be brought fo low, that the parhament of England be- gan to believe themfelves able to profecute the work, without the alTiflance of the Scots, and that thereupon they begun to undervalue them, and to wifh to be rid of them ; fo that the parliament of Scotland, having confider- ed, that if the parliament of England fhould hear the word of Montrofe's late viftory, it w^ould foment that unbrotherly humour in them, they therefore held it necellary that the lord chancellor fhould go up to put a good face on things, and to deal for a conti- nuance of a right underftanding between the two parliaments. After the victory of Tippermuir, the town of Perth did prefently furrender to Montrofe, wherein after having flayed three days, he croffed the river Tay, and marched eaftward to Angus, where the earl of Airly, and his two fons, Sir Thomas and Sir David Ogil- bys, with fome of his friends, together with the earl of Kinnoul, and a few gentlemen of the Carfe of Gowrie, and colonel Natha- niel Gordon from the north joined him. The firft place Montrofe called at in his march was Collace, where he was robbed of his friend the lord Kilpont by a treacherous alfafTmation, which James Stuart of Ardvor- lich committed. This man, Kilpont had chofen for his intimate friend ; and altho' his father the earl of Airth had often warned him i66 THE MEMOIRS OF him to {hake him off, yet would he not, but continued to be ruled by him in all his af- fairs, and even in his joining Montrofe he had his allowance and dlre(5lion. But after- wards this Stuart repented it, and began to think of falling off; and being witty, con- fidered that he would not obtain pardon from the other party, unlefs he did fome me- ritorious a£t whereby to ingratiate himfelf : Hereupon he propofed to himfelf, either the killing of Montrofe or Macdonald ; and be- caufe he could hardly accomplifh fuch a work alone, therefore, having flept all night by my lord Kilpont, he did in the twilight of the morning draw him out of the midft of the army to refrefh himfelf with a walk in the fields, and then told him his purpofe, and, for both their good, intreated his concurrence therein. The lord Kilpont abhorred the mo- tion, as being moft difgraceful and devilifli ; whereupon, without more ado, left he fliould difcover him, he ftabbed the nobleman ere he was aware, and immediately fled there- upon and went ftrait to the marquis of Ar- gyle, who thought it a piece of fo good fer- vice, that he not only countenanced him, and procured his pardon for having joined Mon- troie, but alfo preferred him to a high place of command in the army. The marquis of Montrofe was deeply af- fefted with the lofs of fo noble a friend, and gave order for conveying his body in an ho- nourable manner to Monteith, where it was interred. After BISHOP GUTHRY. 167 After this Montrofe parted from Collace, and having frighted the town of Dundee, con- tinued his march through Angus and Mearns, towards the ihire of Aberdeen ; having great- efl expeftation of peoples joining him in the northern parts. In the mean time the committee of eflates having put the commiiTion upon the marquis of Argyle and the earl of Lothian, to go againft him, Argyle with his highlanders came upon the fifth of September to StirUng, and next day the earl of Lothian alfo. There they levied very quickly the men of Stirling- fliire, as alfb brought Lothian's regiment, which not long before had come over from Ireland, and with thofe they marched for- ward upon the tenth to St. Johnflon, where the people of Fife met them, as alfo two re- giments of horfe from Newcallle, called home for that end, viz. the lord Bargenny's regi- ment and Sir Frederick Hamilton's. And thus being made as ftrong as they defired, they began their march from St. Johnfion to- wards Aberdeeniliire upon the fourteenth day. When the firft news that occurred to them was concerning another viftory Montrofe had upon the twelfth day obtained at Aberdeen, in this manner : The lord Burleigh being there to execute fome commands put upon him by the committee of eftates, hearing of Montrofe's being in thofe parts, called to him the Forbefes and the Frazers, all which were furious in the caufe, with fuch of the name of i68 THE MEMOIRS OF of Gordon as chofe to follow the marquis of Huntley's Ton, Lodovick Gordon, who was there in perfon ; and they being got toge- ther, brought forth alfo the citizens of Aber- deen, and the lord Elcho's regiment, which at that time quartered there to keep the coun- try in order. Montrofe hearing thereof, marched towards them, and after fome difpute, obtained an abfolute victory, although their numbers at that time alfo were very unequal ; for of foot they were reckoned to be above 2500, and of horfe 500 ; whereas Montrofe had of horfe 44, and foot fcarce 1 600 ; the men of Athol and Badenoch, which after Tipper- muir fight had gone home with the fpoil, not being yet returned ; and Kilpont's men all Hole away fince his death. After the battle, Montrofe had the town furrendered to him ; where he ihewed great mercy, both pardoning the people and pro- telling their goods. And having refreilied his army there for two days, did, upon the fifteenth, march northward. Argyle and Lothian with their army fol- lowed him, yet with fuch flownels, that in Montrofe's whole progrefs throughout the north of Scotland, they never came up to him, and when upon the fourth of Oftober he returned to Athol, they were eight days march behind him. Whereupon Montrofe refted his army there, until he difpatched Macdonald with a party of <;-oo men towards the far High- lands, BISHOP GUTHRY. 169 lands, to invite the laird of Maclean, the captain of Clanronald, and others, tojoin him ; and then marched down to Dunkeld, and from thence eaftward through Angus, toward Brechin and Montrofe, where he ftaid ten days refrelliing himfelf and his army. And all this while it was wondered what had be- come of Argyle and Lothian, with their army; but, at length, upon Oflober four- teenth, they came to Athol, and defcending towards the Stormont, went eafl through Angas after Montrofe, who, by that time, vyas marched towards the north again. In the mean time the committee of eftates, and commilfion of the general affembly, were very angry, that he was not already ivvallow- ed up, and exerciled their wrath upon fuch as they could reach : So, by their order, the earl of Hartfield, the laird of Hempf- field, with divers of the name of Maxwell, were imprifoned in the caille of Edinburgh j and of Montrofe's friends (to bear them com- pany) the laird of Fintry, the 3'^ounger, the mafter of Maderty, the lairds of Braco, Orchil, and Inchbrakie, the elder: And, in the tolbooth of Edinburgh, were put cap- tain Melvil, Henry Graham, Montrofe's na- tural brother, and Andrew Graham, his fer- vant, who being taken in the north of Eng- land, had been fent hither to the committee : As alfo Archibald lord Napier, Montrofe's brother-in law, Archibald maftcr of Napier, his fon, and Sir George Stirling of Keir, his fon-in-law, all confined to the lord Napier's Y iodg- I70 THE MEMOIRS OF lodgings or apartment in Holyroodhoufe, not to flir from thence, each of them under pain of loool. Sterling. Likewife divers aflaflins were fecretly employed, and large rewards promifed them for it, to mnrderMontrofe and Macdonald ; and, for that end, had permif- fion given them to join their army, whereby they might have the better opportunity; but providence difappointed that plot. The commiflion of the genera] affembly excommunicated colonel Nathaniel Gordon, and appointed a faft to be kept throughout the kingdom, and iif their armies at home and abroad, upon the laft Sabbath of 0<^ober, and Wednefday following, for fuccefs againft Montrofe. And ere the diet thereof came, they were lifted up with the news they re- ceived anent the taking of Newcaftle, which upon the nineteenth day was taken by ftorm, yet without much blood. Sir James Luml^ den was made governor of it, and James Sword, burgefs of St. Andrews, colleger of the cuftoms. They found in ir, and made prifoners, Lodovick, carl of Crawfurd, lords Maxwell, andRea, Thomas Ogilby of Powry, and Dr. Wifhart, minifter thereof, who were all fent home to Edinburgh; and at their ar- rival it was debated in the committee, at the infligation of fome of the moft violent mini- fters, whether Crawfurd lliould prefently be beheaded, or delayed for fome days, that he might fuffer in company with the reft; and, by plurality of voices, the laft; carried it, fo that they were altogether fliut up in the tol- booth. BISHOP CUTHRY. 171 booth. And fliortly after the lord Ogilby, who of a long time had been the generaPs prifoner, way alfo fent downj and, by the committee's appointment, quartered in the tolbooth with the reft. Thele emergents kept up their hearts, though otherwife much per- plexed becaufe of Montrofe's fuccefs. In the mean time Argyle and Lothian were following him northward; and though he could eafily have outmarched them, yet, to try if they intended to face him, he halted for fome days at Fyvie, which they under- ftood not until they were dole by him; there- upon followed fome ikirmifhes, but they de- clined to engage in battle; neither did the ground give him fuch advantage, as to con- flrain them to fight. It was there that Argvle and Lothian drew away from Montrofe, Kinno.il, colonel Hay, colonel Sibbald, and almoft all rhe lowland men that had joined him, except only the earl of Airly and his fons, who never left him. Nor was Montrofe much diiplealcd therewith, confidering that they could hardly have endured the winter toil. And for Na- thaniel Gordon, his deferting was by Mon- trofe's direct allowance, that fo he might have opportunity to deal with his young chief the Lord Gordon, to join, wherein he proved both faithful and fuccefsful. Montrofe having left Fyvie, marched to Frendraught; from thence toStrathbogie,and afterwards throughout the reft of thofe high,- y 2 lands. 172 THE MEMOIRS OF lands, until he came to Athol, where he was met by Macdonald, and with him the laird of Maclean, the captain of Clanronald, and their men, which made up a very great re- cruit. Glengarie had formerly joined and perfevered to the end. In all his march from Fyvie to Athol, Ar- gyle and Lothian never came up to him; and having, at length, heard of the joining of thofe highlanders, they became weary of their em- ployment, and, without more ado, went to Edinburgh, and delivered up their commif- (ions to the committee of eftat(?s, receiving from them an aft of approbation of their fer- vice, which many faid they deferved the bet- ter, becaufe they had fhed no blood. The pofture of affairs at that period of time wrought a great change in people ; many who had formerly been violent, began to talk mo- derately of bufmefs. And what was moft taken notice of, was the luke-warmnefs of many amongft the miniftry, who now, in their preaching, had begun to abate much of their former zeal. This galled the commiffion of the general affembly; and, for remedy, having the pre- text of a quarrel againft Mr. George Haly- burton, minifter of Perth, and Mr. John Graham, minifter of Auchterarder, becaufe upon a preffing occafion, they did once fpeak with Montrofe, at his being in the town of Perth; fo that, without any other caufe fo much as alledged, they did formally depofe them both upon November twenty-feventh, where- BISHOP GUTHRY. 173 whereby others might have warning to take heed of their walking. The commifTion did alfo at that time con- clude a national fail:, to be obferved upon tlTc firft Sabbath in January next. And farther, upon advertifement from the commifTioners at London, concerning the ftate of the refor- mation, the commiifion concluded upon the calling a general affembly to meet at Edin- burgh upon January twenty-fecond; and, for that efFeft, difpatched letters to the feveral presbyteries, to fend commiffioners againft that day. Since Argyle and Lothian gave up their commillions, the committee had been think- ing on whom to pitch ; at length they refolved upon major-general Bailie, and commifTionat- ed him to be their commander in chief in the northern expedition: Who appointed his firft rendezvous at Perth, where the lord Mait- land's regiment quartered, and called thither Crawfurd-Lindfay's regiment from Dundee, and the remainder of Elcho's regiment from Aberdeen, expefting more to be fent him fhortly from Newcaftle. In the mean time Montrofe marched in a full body to Breadalbine, Glenorchy's coun- try; which the marquis of Argyle having underftood, hafted away from Edinburgh to- wards his own country, to levy his highland- ers, upon an apprehenfion that from Breadal- bine, Alontrofe would dire£l his courfe thi« ther. And fo it fell out, Glenorchy's lands being wafled by him, he marched (Iraightjto 174 THE MEMOIRS OF Inverary, the marquis's chief dwelling; upon the knowledge whereof, his lordihip was lb frighted, that long before Montrofe came near him, he fled to a boat, whereby he e- fcaped, having left his friends to fhift for themfelves : So, without any oppofition, Montrofe wafted his country, but fhed no blood, in regard that all the people follow- ing iheir lord's laudable example, delivered themfelves by flight alfo. By this time Sir John Urry being return- ed,, was, by the committee, appointed major- general under Bailie: He had firft fought on the parliament's fide againft the king; after- wards turned over for the king, and fought under him againft them ; now having aban- doned both fides, came home, and embraced this charge againft Montrofe; and many pro- phefied, that ere all were done, he vv'ould change again, and join himfelf to Montrofe, which at length came to pafs. Bailie, and with him Crawfurd-Lindfay, knowing of Montrofe's being in Argyle, did, in the end of December, march weft to Dum- barton, intending, as they profefled, for Ar- gyle, to encounter him there. And, at Dum- barton, they found the marquis of Argyle himfelf, having, upon his flight from Inve- rary, retreated thither for fhelter, who pro- miled to ftiew them the way. But having the next day gotten certainty, that Montrofe had removed from that country, and marched away towards Glenco and Lochaber; Bailie and Crawfurd, parting from the marquis, brought BISHOP GUTHRY. 175 brought back their army to Angus, refolving to march northwards to the fhire of Aber- deen; and from thence go up to Montrofe, vvherefbever they could find him. And the marquis of Argyle knowing well that the enemy was gone, went home with pomp, and convened all his friends from tlieir lurking-places, to follow upon Montrofe's rear. And to make his power the more for- midable, called over from Ireland Sir Dun- can Campbell of Auchinbreck, a colonel in the Scots army there, and divers other com- manders of his name. The projeft was, that when Bailie's army did charge Montrofe in the front, Argyle and his men, who were till then to march flowly, and keep at a diflance, fhould come up and fall upon his rear, whereby he might inevi- tably be fwallowed up. 1649. UPON the fecond of January, 1 645, the Scots parliament met at Edinburgh, and, by authority thereof, the marquis of Montrofe, and earl of Airly, were forefault- ed, and their eftates feized upon. There- after they palTed amongft all of that faftion, under the names of James Graham and James Ogilby; and it was reckoned no fmall malig- nancy to ftile or diftinguifh them by their titles. The 176 THE MEMOIRS OF The parliament did aifo approve and ratify the aft of the late convention of eftates con- cerning the excife. Their progrefs in other matters v^^as the flower, until they fliould fully know what might be the tendency of that controverly lately fallen out betwixt Manchefter and O- liver Cromwell, his lieutenant-general, where- by the army was in hazard to divide. For now Cromwell had accufed, before the houfe of commons, Manchefter, for betraying their army at Dennington caftle, and for other things; as Manchefter had alfo accufed him ip the houfe of lords, for plotting a parity in the ftate, and independency in the church. Many, at firft, were of opinion, that Man- chefter would prevail, but the contrary fell out, and that upon this occafion. By this time the independent faftion, where- unto Cromwell joined, preaching and pray- ing as faft as any of them, was now become predominant in the houfe of commons; and they having defigns, wherein EfTex, Manche- fter, and divers other prime commanders^ would not go along with them, did therefore intend to lay them afide: And, to effeft this,' they framed and pafted an aft. That, during that parliament, Cromwell excepted, no member thereof fhould have any office, military or civil, whereby they might the better attend the houfe. Hereby were ca- ihiered Eftex, Manchefter, Stanford and Den- bigh, and the power of the fword brought wholly into the hands of the commoni. Where- BISHOP G U T H K y "Whereupon followed the new 'i.'... „., wherein Sir Thomas Fairfax was hiadc -^q- neral, and Cromwell his lieiitenant general; for he not being yet eminent enough to com- mand in chief, behoved, for the credit of the parliament, to have one above him: Yet that the power might refide in him, they pitched upon one, who they prefumed would not oblcure him. The general adembly fate down at Edin- burgh, upon January twenty- fecond, at which time every one had in his hand that book late- ly publiflied by Mr. Samuel Rutherford, in- titled Lex Rex, v^^hich was ftuiied with po- fitions, that in the time of peace and order, would have been judged damnable treafons; yet were now lb idolized, that whereas in the beginning of the woric, Buchanan's trea- tile, "De Jure Regni apud Scotos, was looked upon as an oracle, this coming forth, it was flighted, as not anti-monarchical enough, and Rutherford's Lex Rex only thought authen- tic. Unto the adembly came Mr. Bailie, and Mr. Gillelpie,. from London ; and, after a long difcourfe, prefented a direftory for wor- fhip, which having been framed'iby the di- vines at Weftminfter, was lent for this aflem- bly's approbation. The faid directory being perufed by a committee nominated for that effect, and. a report made concerning their iatisfa^ion therewith, it was ratified by the ailembly. The proceedings of the commiflion of the laft a(rembly being examined, were approved, Z and 178 THE MEMOIRS OF and the aflembly's thanks given them for their fidelity and diligence; as alfo a new committee, confiding of thofe fame members, eftabliflied for the year following. There- after the alTembly lent Mr. Dickfon, Blair, Cant, and fome others, to prefent to the par- liament the direftory, and to defire the rati- fication thereof, which was heartily granted. Thus all went well, and there was great rejoicing both in the alTembly and parliament. But the fame was foon checked by an adver- tifement they received of a third viftoryMon- trofe had obtained at Inverlochy, upon Fe- bruary fecond, whereof the (lory was thus. Whilft Montrofe was on his march eaft- ward towards Murray, he had notice from Allan Macildowie of Lochaber, that Argyle with all his power was following him in the rear, and knowing that both Bailie and Urry were before him, he confidered, that if he fuffered himfelf to be attacked both before and behind, he might run a rifque; therefore, inflead of marching forward, he turned about, and went to fpeak with Argyle. The coun- try people favouring him, Argyle heard no- thing conc?ferning his returning, until the fe- cond day of his marching at even, when he was come the full length, and had pitched clofe by Argyle's army. The next morning, betimes, the work began, but ere then, the mar- quis had provided for his own fafety, by tak- ing himfelf to his boat again, and with him, to bear him company, the laird ofNiddry, Sir James Rollo of Duncruib, Archibald Syde- ferf. BISHOP GUTHRY. 179 (erf, bailie of Edinburgh, and Mr. Mungo Law, miniller thereof, whom he had invited to go along with him, to bear witnefs to the wonders he purpofed to perform in that ex- pedition. From his boat he looked and faw the day loft, and moft part of his friends cut off, the number of the flain on his fide, being acknowledged by (ome few that efcaped, to have exceeded 1 500. Colonel John Cock- burn, and colonel John Roch, with fome o- thers, retired to the old caftle of Inverlochy, and held it out till they procured quarter for their lives and liberties, which was granted upon oath, never more to carry armsagainft Montrofe ; For obfervance whereof, they were afterwards difpenfed with from going to the field ; and, inftead thereof colonel Cockburn appointed governor of Stirling- caftlcy and colonel Roch of the town of Perth. The earl of Callender did not take it well, that his regiment being in the caftle 01^ Stirling, colonel Cockburn lliould be fet over his lieutenant-colonel, but it having plcafed the parliament fo to do, his bufineis was to be quiet. On Montrofe's fide, except Sir Thomas Ogilby, Ion to the earl of Airly, there were only three killed, and thofe com- mon foldiers; whereof the reafon was faid to be, that the Argilians, being difcouraged, by reafon of their lord's withdrawing, never ftood to it, but fled at the firft,^ and were all cut down in the flight. This defeat at Inverlochy caufed great fadnefs both in parliament and aftembly, yet Z 2 was i8o THE MEMOIRS OF was much the better digefted, becaule of the marquis his perfonal lafety, who, upon Fe- bruary eleventh, arrived at Edinburgh, and went firaiqht to the parliament, having his left arm tied up in a (carf, as if he had been at bones-breaking. There he did give an ac-^ count of that unfortunate expedition; where- upon, the next day the lord Balmerino did, in the general adembly, make a difcourfe in reference thereto, wherein he affirmed, that the great lofs reported to be fuilained at that fight, was but the invention of malignants, who fpake as they wifhed it; and that upon his honour, the marquis of Argyle had not thirty perfons killed in the whole. The contrary beingcertainly known, many thought llrange, that he, who was a nobleman, could fpeak (o in a public audience: Yet credulous and deluded people believed him, and upon that account began to be jovial again. Butfnortiy after came certainty from Eng- land of an emergent, which contributed more to their joy; and it was, that the treaty be- twixt the kingr and parliament, held at Ux- bridge on January thirtieth, was now broken up, and ail hope of accommodation gone; for which his majefty did much blame the Scots commilTioners at London, who were the better beloved, becaufe their greatefl in- timacy was with that party in the parliament thai crufhed it. In the mean time, the general a(fembly fent in Mr. David Dickfon, Mr. Robert Blair, Mr. Andrew Cant, Mr. James Guthry, and Mr. BISHOP GUTHRY. i8i Mr. Patrick Gillefpie, to the parliament, to prefs the execution of the earl of Crawfurd, lord Ogilby, and all the reft of the priibners in the tolbooth, which the parliament com- mended as an a£l of great zeal and piety in the aflembly ; yet deferred the performance for a time, until Montrofe fhould be brought lower; left otherwite, if, through misfortune, any of their friends happened to fall into his hands, he might repay it. And next after this addrefs to the parliament, the alfembly refolved to fliew an a£t of mercy themfelves, in reftoring of Mr. George Halyburton to his miniftry at Perth, and Mr. John Graham to his miniftry at Auchterarder, which came to pafs in this manner. Dame Margaret Halyburton, lady of Cow- par, came over the frith, and, with oaths, vowed to my lord Balmerino, that unlefs he caufed her coufin to be re-inftated, he ftiould never enjoy the favour of the lordftiip of Cowpar. This commination fet Balmerino at work for him. And, as to the other, Mr. Graham, the earl of Lanerk prelTed the like on his behalf, being moved thereto be- caufe his wife was a Hamilton, defcended from that archbiftiop of St. Andrews, who fuifered at Stirling. Lanerk and Balmerino being folicitors for them, the alTembly yielded to their re-efta- bliftiment, but with two provifos, which thofe noblemen confented to. The firft was, that they Ihould make their repentance upon their knees before the refpe^live presbyteries, and iS2 THE MEMOIRS OF and over again before the fynodical aflembly; and that the reftiraony thereof being brought unto the commifFion of the general afTembly, the laid conimifnon flibuld reftore them; all which was performed. The other provifo was, that iefl the indulgence extended to them fhould encourage others to malignancy, an aftlhould be prefently made by the afTembiy, that after them none that happened to be de- pofed fhould ever after be reftored to the kirks at which they had formerly ferved ; which a£t was voted and concluded. So the general adembly rofe upon February thir- teenth, having firft appointed the meeting of the next general alTembly to be at Edinburgh, upon the firft Wednefday of June, 1 646. Montrofe having, after the a£lion at Inver- lochy, refrefhed his army with fome days reft, marched eaftvvard towards Murra}'-,. where, at Elgin, he kept his committees peace- ably, and to him joined the lord Gordon and his friends, the laird of Grant's men, and di- vers confiderable highlanders. Upon the hearing whereof the parhament was much af- ie{ted; and many thought that the grief which it caufed to the earl of Lauderdale halted him to his grave, who was buried upon March fifth. And in his place Cravvfurd- Lindfay was made prefident of the council ; liich was the power of theHamiltonian faftion at that time. After which, that all men might be at leifure to fupprefs thefe rogues, rhe parliament hafted to a conclufion. So three committees were nominated, one to re- pair BISHOP GUTHRY. 183 .<^ pair to the army in England, whereof Argyle was the principal; another to fit at the hehn in Edinburgh, and of it the chief was Balme- rino; the third to go along with Bailie againfl Montrofe; thisconfiftedofCrawfurd-Lindfay, and of Lanerk and his chents. And upon the eighth of March the parliament adjourned to the fecond of July following. Montrofe being now much flrengthened by his late recruits, marched fouthward to Aberdeen, and from thence through the Mearns, whereupon Bailie, with his commit- tee, brought up his army to meet them, the length of Englifh-Madie : And there, for the fpace of two days, viz. the twenty-ninth and thirtieth of March, the armies were in view of each other; fo that Montrofe prepared for battle, but Bailie and his committee declined it; whereupon he removed weftward to the river of Tay; and Bailie came to be blamed for letting that opportunity flip, although it was fo refolved by his committee's advice. And jfhortly after he fuftained a greater blame^ for fuffering Montrofe to make fuch a hand- fome and fafe retreat from his defperate at- tempt at Dundee; yet in this he had Urry to bear a part of the cenfure: And the truth was, they were more afraid to engage than Montrofe was, which being obferved, the committee at Edinburgh thought upon a way how they might be made ftronger, and for that end, difpatched a meflage to Ireland for 1000 difciplined men, to be fent home to join them. Thefe came over quickly, hav- ing 184 THE MEMOIRS OF ing colonel Home their leader; and that af- terwards they might bring Montrofe into a hofe-net, they refolved to divide their army in two; one to go north, under Sir JohnUr- ry's command, and the other under Bailie, to ftay in Angus, and about the low coun- try, to be ready upon occafion. XJrry marched prefently towards Aberdeen, car- rying with him one regiment of horfe, and two of foot, viz. the chancellor's and Craw- furd-Lindfay's ; and at Aberdeen came to him a regiment from Sutherland, and Lawer's regiment from Invernefs. Bailie, with his army, reckoned to be 3000 foot, and 500 horfe, quartered at KiUimore. In the mean time Montrofe, having dif patched Macdonald to the highlands, to make up levies, and fent Inchbrakie, colo- nel of Athol, to bring forth thofe people, whereof the moft part had, after the battle of Inverlochy, gotten furloffs, until they fhould be called for, himfelf went with his army weftward, towards Monteith, there to receive the lord Aboyne, whofe refolutions were made known to him by letter, who hav- ing but 16 horfe, did, notwithftanding all the garrifons, come from Carlifle, without moleftation, to the ford of Cardrofs, where Montrofe and he met, to their mutual joy. Bailie followed weftward; and therefore Mac- donald, knowing Montrofe not to be ftrong enough for a battle, in regard of his and Inchbrakie's abfence, with their regiments, retblved to make a diverfion, and fell down, be. BISHOP GUTHRY. 185 before they were aware, upon the Camp- bells, in the lordlTiip of Cowpar, killing fuch of them as came into his hands ; whereof no- tice being given to Bailie, he and his com- mittee drew back their army, to take order withMacdonald ; and fo Montrofe had a clear pailage to the north, accompanied, befides the lordAboyne, with another ftranger; and this was his nephew Archibald, mafler of Napier, a gallant youth, both for body and mind. He having, fince Montrofe went firft to the field, been in company with his noble father the lord Napier, and Sir George Stir- ling of Keir, his brother-in-law, under con- finement in Holyroodhoufe, refoived, at length, to brea]-: loofe, and getting fafely a- way, he came to his uncle at Cardrofs, upon Monday April twenty-firfl:. But his efcapc procured from the committee hard meafure to his friends, whom he left behind; for the lord Napier, his father, and the laird of Keir, were prefently made prifoners in the cafile of Edinburgh, and not long after dame Eliza- beth Erikine, daughter to the earl of Mar, his lady, and Mrs. Lillias Napier, his fifter, were fent after them to bear them company, and his other lifter the lady Keir confined to Merchifton. At that time fell out an accident, which proved very prejudicial to the king's affairs; this was the catching of a medenger that paf^ fed betwixt him and Montrofe. The man's name was James Small, fon to the laird of Fotherance, which, through the decay of that A a fa- i86 THE MEMOIRS OF family, now belongs to Sir George Halybur- ton, one of the fenators of the college ofju- flice. This gentleman having lerved long at the court of England, did undertake to his raajefty to hazard himfelf in bringing a packet of letters to Montrofe; for effefting whereof he put on a beggar's habit, and fo went fafely through to the highlands of Scotland, where he found Montrole at that time; but in his return had not the hke good fortune; for, having pafled the river of Forth at Alloa, where he needed not fear bodily harm, the noble family of Mar being all generally loyal, he was at Elphinfton, thro' the officioufnefs of a fellow that had known him at court, dif- covered, and the letters which he carried back taken from him, and himfelf, with them, fent next day by my lord Elphinfton to the committee of eftates at Edinburgh, who cau- fed him to be hanged on the nprrow, at the crofs of Edinburgh, without farther delay: This was on May firft. By thefe letters the committee came to know what they never had thought on, viz. how the king's bufmefs being fo forlorn in England, that he could not make head againft his enemies there, his majefty defigned to come with his army to Scotland, and to join Montrofe ; that fo this country being made the feat of war, his ene- mies might be forced to an accommodation, to free their land from a burden, which it could not ftand under. The prevention of which defign was afterwards gone about with fuccefs. Mon BISHOP GUTHRY. 187 Montrofe, in the mean time, having, after his parting from Cardrofs, levied the Athol- men, as he paffed through their country, went northward, to feek an encounter with Urry. And fo foon as Bailie, and his com- mittee, had certainty thatMontrofe, and with him the Athol-men, were all gone, they re- folved to march up to Athol, and burn the country: Which having violently performed, while there was none at home to make refi- ftance, they returned to Angus again, and after thought upon a march northward to A- berdeen. But ere this was concluded, they had certain advice of another vi£lory obtained by Montrofe over Urry at Old-Earn, upon May fourth. Urry's (Irength confided of five regiments of foot, befides horfe, to wit, Lothian's and Loudoun's regiments, both which he had carried to the north with him, Lawer's regiment, which came from Liver- nefs to him, a regiment from Sutherland, and another of the earl of Seaforth's men. The viftory, as it was abfolute and bloody, lo was it the more remarkable, in that nei- ther Grant's men, nor the Macleans, were there, being upon other employments, and few of the Athol-men alfo, mod of them be- ing gone home, after they heard that their country was burned. This vi£tory was very fad news both to the committee of eftates and the commiflion of the general afTembly ; whereupon they met, to advife by what means people might be kept in a dependence upon them, and not fall away, becaufe of A a 2 their i88 THE MEMOIRS OF their enemies prevailing. And for as much as the pulpits had great influence upon the refolutions of the multitude; therefore the commiffion emitted a warning to the miniftry, wherein they charged them to ftand fixed, and, by their doftrine, to endeavour that their people might be fo alfo, under pain of depofition; and, that their commands might not be defpifed, they were now and then de- pofing fome of them, in the mean time, to fright the reft; as Mr. John Robertfon, mi- nifter of Perth, Mr. James Row, minifter of Murhel, Mr. William Barclay, minifter of Falkland, and Mr. John Fife, minifter of Foulis, all which were that year already caftiiered. But whilft thofe meetings at Edinburgh vi^ere troubled about Montrofe's late vidlory, they had a cordial from England, which was the fatal overthrow his majefty fuftained at Nafeby, whereby the prejudice he received by the difcovery of thofe letters, for which Mr. James Small fufl^ered atEdinburgh, came to be generally underftood : For while the kincr was on his march towards Scotland, fome falle-hearted men about him, whom he trufted more than they deferved,^^revailed with him to lay afide that defigfi, and turn fouth, to- ward Northamptonftiire, where, as they con- fidently averred, four counties had aflbciated for him, and were in a readinefs to join him; but when he came there, inflead of thofe af fociated counties, he found Fairfax and Crom- well, with their new-moddled army, waiting upon BISHOP GUTHRY. 189 upon him, who forced him to a battle, and obtained fuch a viftory, as quite ruined his bufinefs: This was upon the fourteenth of June. The certainty hereof being come, the committee gave orders for bonfires, and all other figns of joy throughout the land, and fuch as joined not therein, were taken notice of as enemies to the public. Yet fhortly there- after they met with a new caufe of grief, and this was another victory Montrofe obtained over Bailie at Alford, upon July fecond. For Urry having been defeated, Bailie, with the advice of his committee, went north to repay it ; but had fuch fortune as the other. For, albeit the numbers were very unequal, yetMontrole's viftory over him was both ab- folute and bloody; whereas, on his fide, very few did fall, except the lord Gordon, with whofe death Montrofe was faid to be exceed- ingly affefted, and ordered his body to be buried very honourably at Aberdeen. By this time the peftilence, which from Newcaftle came to Kelfo, was from thence tranfmitted to Edinburgh, and there raged fo, that when the diet, unto which the par- liament had been adjourned, was come, they fate down in Stirling-caftle upon the fecond of July ; and fbrae dgys after. Bailie himfelf, and with him the lord Balcarras, who, by timely flying, had efcaped the battle as well as he, arrived both at Stirling, and went to the parliament. Balcarras was welcomed by them; but as for Bailie, they were fo ill fa- tisfied 190 THE MEMOIRS OF tisfied with him, that he had much difficulty to obtain an aft of approbation of his fervice. The parliament fate at Stirling until the twelfth day, at which time the peftilence be- ginning to break out in that town, they be- hoved to think of a removal, and fo adjourn- ed themfelves until the twenty-fourth of that month, to fit at Perth, having firft appointed a great levy to be made for deftroying their enemies, viz. all noblemen, gentlemen, and heritors whatfoever, to be at Perth in perfon, and well mounted before the faid twenty- fourth day. And for tenants and fervants, to make up a foot army, 1 0000 to be brought forth from the fhires fouth of Tay, accord- ing to the proportions calculated thereanent. Montrofe having heard of this mufter which w^as to be at Perth, came forth againft the day, and pitched in Meffen wood. And, in- deed, on their part, convened very many, more than double Montrofe's number, yet they attempted nothing until after fome days, but halted on the fouth fide of Earn, when, perceiving that the Gordons, in whom con- fifted Montrofe's ftrength as to his horfe, were not there, they advanced towards him, but to no purpofe. For Montrofe not being minded to fight at that time, retired at his leifure, without either lofs or affront, to- wards Dunkeld, to attend the Gordons, and others whom he was expefting to come up; and they went back to their leagure, after which moft of them, both horfe and foot, that had been newly levied, retired home, and BISHOP GUTHRY. 191 and very few remained withArgyle, Lanerk, Crawfurd-Lindfay, and Bailie, who, fince the parliament's fitting at Stirling, were all joint commanders, except the old regiments. By this time the Gordons, and other re- cruits, being come to Montrofe, whereby he was at his greateft ftrength, he returned to- wards them, and endeavoured to draw them to a battle. But they declined it, and intrenched themfelves at Kilgirfton, profel- fing, that fo foon as the Fife-men, for whom they had fent, arrived, they would then take order with him. This coming to Montrofe's ears, he marched fouthwards towards the kirk of Drone, to vi-ait on the Fife mens com- ing. But finding, after fome days, no ap- pearance of Fife-men, and that, on the other part, they kept within their trenches, and could not be made to engage, he marched firft to Kinrofs, and then weftward towards Stirling, where, in the wa)^, Maclean, and his people, burned the parifhes of Muckart and DoUor, belonging to the marquis of Argyle, in requital of the like formerly done by him in Maclean's country, as they ailedged. The day whereon Montrofe had marched from Kinrofs towards the weft, he quartered his army at night in the wood of Tiliibody near Alloa, where, though his Irifli did barbai- oufly plunder that town and lordlhip, yet the earl of Mar and lord Erfkine, and their noble ladies, difpenfed therewith, and the next day invited him, and his prime officers, to dinner. So he appointed Macdonald to march 192 THE MEMOIRS OF march weftward with the foot army, and bringing his horfe for a guard, himfelf and the earl of Airly, and many more, were libe- rally feafled in the caftle of Alloa, after which, having notice of the enemy's advan- cing towards them, they made the greater hafte to overtake their foot. And being met, and confidering the town of Stirling was con- fumed by the peftilence, refolved to pafs by it, and fo croffed both the Teith and Forth, two miles to the northward of it, and from thence marched on to Kilfyth, where they found the ground fo advantageous for them, as made them refolve to halt there, until their enemies fhould come that length, which very fhortly fell out : For, fo foon as Montrofe had marched weftward from Kinrofs, three regiments of Fife-men, reckoned at 3000, whereof one commanded by the laird of Cam- mo, a fecond by the laird of Ferny, and the third by the laird of Fordel-Henderfon, did join the covenanters army; as alfo did one regiment of Argyle's highlanders, reckoned to be 1200; and, being thus ftrengthened, if^ was refolved that Lanerk fhould prefently ride to the weft-country, and with the con- currence of Glencairn and Eglinton, there levy an army to come towards Montrofe; and this army commanded by Argyle, Crawfurd, and Bailie, to follow him in the rear ; where- by the one being behind, and the other be- fore him, he might be brought into a hofe- net. Lanerk BISHOP GUTHRY. 193 Lanerk went prefently away for that end, and Argyle, Crawfurd-Lindfay, and Bailie, march- ed wedward in the very path which Montrofe had traced. And as they advanced towards Stirling, the marquis of Argyle caufed to be burnt the houfe of Menftry, belonging to the earl of Stirling, his majelly's fecretary, and the houfe of Aithray, belonging to Sir John Graham of Braco, and withal fent ad- vertifement to the earl of Mar, that after their return from following their enemies, he might exped to have his caftle of Alloa burn- ed, for the hofpitahty Montroie had found in it ; But providence determined otherwiie; for of thofe they carried weft, very few re- turned again. And it would appear, that the Fife-men expefted no better of it; for, when they were come the length of Stirling, rhey refufed obftinately to marcli farther, al- ledging, that when they were levied, it had been promifed them, that they lliould not be urged to go beyond the limits of their own fhire; and therefore, having now, out of good-will, come much farther, they would on no terms crofs the river of Forth, But their leaders fet their minifters on work to deal with them, who told them jolly tales, that Lanerk, Glencairn, and Eglinton, were, levying an army to join them; and tlaerefore entreated, that they would for only one day more go on, until that weftland army approached, and then they fhould be dif charged; vvhereunto thele poor people con- B b fented, 194 THE MEMOIRS OF Tented, and fo went as far as Kilfyth, from whence few or none of them returned. For, upon Auguft the fifteenth, there fol- lowed a battle at KiKyth, wherein Montrofe carried an abfolute viftory ; their foot, which were reckoned 7000, being wholly cut off in the flight, except very few ftrag- glers that efcaped; yet no lofs on Mon- trofe's fide, except feven or eight perfons, whereof three were gentlemen of the name of Ogilby, the reft but common foldiers. The realon whereof was, becaufe the cove- nanters never ftood to it, but upon the firft charge given by the earl of Airly and his friends, did all fly on a fudden, their horfe rid- ing over the foot, and among the horfe the no- bles the firft of any : But, beyond them all, the marquis of Argyle, who never looked over his flioulder, until, after twenty miles riding, he reached the fouth Queensferry, where he poflefled himfelf of a boat again. Lanerk and Glencairn, and the reft, who, in the mean time were about their levies, having heard of this defeat which their friends had fuftained, left off their work ; and both they and the nobles that had fled from Kil- fyth, made it their firft care to provide for a llielter : For Glencairn and Caffds fled over to Ireland; and to Berwick went the chan- cellor, the marquis of Argyle, the earls of Crawfurd-Lindfay, Lanerk, and others. After the battle, Montrofe ftaid two days at Kilfyth to refefti his army; and, by that time, came from the city of Glafgow two ^om- BISHOP GUTHRY. 195 commiflloners, viz. Sir Robert Douglas, and Mr. Archibald Fleming conimiflary, to con- gratulate his viftory, and to invite him to ho- nour their town with a vifit. Whereupon next day, being accompanied with his army, he went thither, and was received with much folemnity, and with an acknowledgment of bypaft difloyalty, for which they begged his mercy. And thence removing to Bothwel kirk, the fhire of Linlithgow fent commif fioners to him for that fame end; and which is more, fo did the fhire of Renfrew, and o- thers in the weft ; Bifhopton, Greenock, and Duchal junior, were their commiifioners, who acknowledged rebellion as faft as any, laying the blame thereof upon their minifters; yea, and fo did alfo the burghs of Irvine and Air. Montrofe pardoned them all, upon their promiies of exem]f»lary loyalty for the future; whereunto they did folemnly engage themfelves, and fo were difcharged. After this, Montrofe fent Macdonald with a party to the weft, to fright them that had not come to exprefs their fubmifllon, and to him all did homage; and no where found he fo hearty a welcome as at Loudoun-caftle, where the chancellor's lady embraced him in her arms, and having entertained him very fumptuoufly, fent afterwards her fervani John Halden with L him, to prefent her fervice to the marquis of r Montrofe. Montrofe's next care was for the prifoners in the tolbooth of Edinburgh, who had been fentenced to death, viz. Lodovick earl of B b 2 Craw- 196 THE MEMOIRS OF Crawfurd^ the lords Ogilby and Rea, the lairds of Drum, Ogilby of Powry, and Dr.Wi- fhart (for, before this time, Drum's brother, Robert Irvine, died in the prilbn ;) fo, for their fakes, he difpatched his Nephew Archir bald mafter of Napier, and with him Natha- niel Gordon, to receive into protection the city of Edinburgh, and to bring from thence thofe prifoners ; which they did; as alfo at Linlithgow, finding two prifoners more, viz, Archibald lord Napier, and Sir George Stir- ling of Keir, his fon-in-law, who, becaufe the peftilence raged in Edinburgh-caftle, had ob- tained lo much favour, as to be tranfported from it to the prifon of Linlithgow, he brought them with the reft; all which were moft wel- come to Montrofe. At the fame time alfo joined to him divers of the nobility, viz. the marquis of Douglas, the earls ofAnnandale andHarrfield,the lords Erlkine, Seaton, Drummond, Fleming, John- fton, and Maderty, and divers knights and gentlemen alfo, among whom was Sir John Hamilton of Orbifton, juftice-clerk, and Ar- chibald Primrofe, clerk to the committee of e- ftates, whom he welcomed, fancying by that means to draw over the earl ofLanerk to his fide : Altho' Archibald lord Napier, and o- thers about him, warned him rather to take heed, that, inftead thereof, they wrought not a diviiion in his army, and debauched fome he had already, it being their conje- fture, that Lanerk had fent them thither for that end. The BISHOP GUTHRY. 197 The next difpatch which Montrofe made (fince the marquis of Douglas, the earls of Annandale and Hartfield, the lords Er- Ikine, Seaton, Drummond, Fleming, John- fton, Maderty, and others, were now all joined with him) was to fend the faid mar- quis, and with him the lord Ogilby, into the fouth, for levying all the horfe in Annandale, Dumfries, &c. to join in the fervice. And at that time arrived from the king. Sir Robert Spotfwood (wlio having been formerly pre- (ident of thefeffion, was now, fince Lanerk's defeftion, fecretary of ftate) and delivered to Montrofe his majefty's commiflion, con- ftituting him captain-general, and deputy-go- vernor of Scotland, with ample power to make knights, fummon parliaments, &c. Whereupon he did prefently knight Alexan- der Macdonald, and next appointed a parlia- ment to fit at Glafgow upon Odtober twen- tieth, which he caufed to be proclaimed at the mercat erodes of Edinburgh, Linlithgow, and Glafgow. But, in the mean time, his adverfaries, who had fled to Berwick, were not idle ; for the Scots army being then at the fiege of Hereford, near Wales, they called for Da- vid Lefley, with his whole ftrength of horfe, to come home, who wrote back, that he fhould make all the hafle he could, and would come fo ftrong, as he made no que- ftion to fwallow up Montrofe, if he found him in the low country : But, on the other hand, in cafe he happened to retire to the high- 198 THE MEMOIRS OF highlands, he would be forced to leave the bufinefs undone, and retreat, in regard the country could not fuftain the burden of his horfe. Whereupon they wrote to the earl ofTullibardine, in whom they had then great confidence, to advertife and alTemble all their friends, both high and low, to ly betwixt him and the hills. But they found inftruments nearer to them, whole aftings contributed more to their de- (ign, whether intentionally, or by accident, I iliall not determine; thofe were the earls of Roxburgh and Home, whom they fent medengers to Montrofe, to congratulate his fuccefs, and to fhew how earneftly they defired to come like themfelves, and to join with him; but that whilft they endea- voured levies, they found their friends and followers obftinately unwilling to engage, until Montrofe himfelf fliould come upon the place, which, if he thought fit to do, they would undertake for the whole country to join him. His anfwer to them was. That he ihould fend orders to the marquis of Dou- glas, and lord Ogilby, to come towards them with their forces, in order to further their le- vies: But they left it not fo, but, by new mellengers, fent to him again, fhewing that nothing but his own prefence could fatisfy that country; and therefore entreated him, by the moft infinuating arguments they could ufe, to come thither in perfon; fo that he, at length, condefcended, altho' many about him BISHOP GUTHRY. 199 him difallowed it, and divers emergents fell out, which might have diiruaded him from it; as, Firft, The men of Athol, and Mac- lean's men, muft needs go home, and repair their buildings, v^hich bad been burnt ; nor could they be diverted from it. Next, Sir Alexander Macdonald w^ould needs go to Ar- gyle, to revenge the injuries done to his fa- ther and friends, and carried with him, be- fides a ftrong party of Irifli to be his life-guard, above 500 Scots highlanders, whom he had gained to defert the public fervice, and to follow him. Montrofe dealt moft ferioufly with him to have ftaid until they had been abfolute conquerors, promifing then to go thither himfelf, and be concurring with him in punifhing them as they de(erved; and withal told him, That his feparating at this time muft be the occafion of ruin to them both; But all was to no purpofe, he would needs be gone; and, for a reafon, enlarged himfelf, in reckoning up the marquis of Ar- gyle's cruelties againft his friends; who, as he faid, did four years ago draw his father and brother to Inverary upon truft, and then made them prifoners; and fince, his friends having retired to the ifles of Jura and Rach- len for fhelter, fent Arkinglafs, and the cap- tain of Skipnefs, to the faid ifles to murder them, which, faid he, they did without mercy, iparing neither women nor children : With thefe difcourfeshejuftified his departing, and would not be hindered. As alfo, after that Montrofe had begun his march, which was upon 200 THE MEMOIRS OF upon September fourth, the lord Aboyne de- ferted him, and carried away vvith him not only his friends of the name of Gordon, ex- cept colonel Nathaniel, but alfo all the north- land horfe. This unexpefted falling away, made Montrofe fee his error, in keeping fo open a leagure at Bothwel, whereby men came to be admitted, that had thus debauch- ed his army. Yet went he forward, and now having with him only fome noblemen, and about 200 gentlemen that had joined him at Bothwel, together with 700 foot, whereof mod partlrifli, he quartered atCran- llon kirk upon Saturday September fixth. There he got intelligence, that David Lefley was already come the length of Ber- wick, with an irrefiftible power of horfe. As alfo a friend of his at home, having, by pro- vidence, met with a copy of David Lefley's letter from Hereford, to the lords at Berwick, and of theirs to the earl of Tullibardine, in re- lation thereto, had fent them to the lord Er- Ikine, who, the next morning, acquainted Montrofe with the fame, and told him from whom he had them. Montrofe acknowledg- ed his worth and faithfulnefs that fent them, but withal he faid, that his fervency in the caufe made him more afraid than he needed, and was fo far from taking warning to retire, that, there being a fatality in the bufmefs, he marched fouthward fooner than before he intended: For, whereas at his coming thir ther, he defigned to have refted on Sunday, and hear Dr. Wiiliart preach, now he alter- ed BISHOP GUTHRY. 201 ed that refolution, and having difcharged the fermon, prefently advanced towards Strath- gale. And being there, the marquis of Dou- glas, and lord Ogilby, came to him with their levied troops, as alfo upon the morrow he was faluted by the earl of Traquair, who having, with many oaths, aderted his fide- lity, did frankly undertake to advertife him of David Lefley's motions; and, for a tefti- mony of his honell: meaning, the next day fent his fon the lord Linton, with a troop of horfe to attend him. Montrofe marched thence forward to Kel- fo, expefting to have found the earls of Rox- burgh' and Home; but, by a party of David Lefley's horfe, they were both ere then carried prifoners to Berwick; whereof he be- ing informed, and that the party had been cal- led for by Roxburgh himfelf, he faw then the treachery; and therefore prefently marched wejflward to Selkirk, where he arrived upon Friday, September twelfth, purpofing to have the next day turned his face to the north, and never ceafed marching until he had reached the hills : But herein he was prevented; for the next morning,, the day being fo dark through fog and mift, that his fcouts could make no difcovery, David Le- fley and his army were upon the place before he was aware. The furprizal was generally attributed to fbme advertifement Traquair had fent him, concerning Montrofe his weak- nefs: For, it was known, that after David Lefley underftood of his being in the fouth, C c he 202 THE MEMOIRS OF he did neverthelefs march northward to Lo- thian, and there at Gladfmuir concluded, in a council of war, to advance weftward to- wards the foot of the Grampian hills, and attend his return; yet having gotten a pri- vate advertifement, he did, contrary to that conclufion, pretently turn to the fouth, and go to him, whereat his conforts wondered. That Traquair had Tent the advertifement, it was efteemed the more probable, becaufe, af midnight, before the battle, he privately called away his fon the lord Linton and his troop, without giving any notice thereof to Montrofe. However, upon Saturday, Sep- tember thirteenth, David Lefley fell on ; the marquis of Douglas's new-levied prickers did all flee at the firft, being near their own homes, the reft ftood to it, until they were almoft inclofed ; and then Montrofe, with the horfe retired, fo that ere night the moft part of them being joined, he was reckoned to be about 1 50 horfe in train, only fome were mifling, who having miftaken the way, and fled in feveral paths, were taken by the coun- try people, and delivered to the vigors, viz. the earl of Hartfield, the lords Drummond, and Ogilby, Sir Robert Spotfwood, Sir A- lexander Lefley of Auchintoul, Sir William RoUok, Sir Philip Nisbet, William Murray brother to the earl of Tullibardine, Alexan- der Ogilby of Innerquharity, Nathaniel Gor- don, Mr. Andrew Guthry fon to the bifhop of Murray, and others. Mon B I S H O P G U T H R Y. 203 Montrofe's foot, fb fbon as the horfe were gone, drew to a JittJe fold, which they main- tained, until Stuart the adjutant, being a- mongft them, procured quarter for them from David Lefley; whereupon thej/ delivered up their arms, and came forth to a plain field, as they were directed. But then did the church- men quarrel, that quarter fliould be given to luch wretches as they, and declared it to be an acl of moft linful impiety to fpare them, wherein divers of the noblemen complied with the clergy; and fo they found out a di- ftinfHon, whereby to bring David Lefley fairly off; and this it was, that quarter was only meant to Stuart the adjutant himfelf, but not to his company : After which, hav- ing delivered the adjutant toMiddleton to be his prifoner, the army was let loofe upon thern, and cut them all in pieces. The principal men that had gone off with Montrofe, were the marquis of Douglas, Lo- dovick earl of Crawfurd, and the lords Er- lldne, Fleming, and Napier, who, as they advanced, did overtake the reft of the horfe, who had fled more timeoufly. Thofe who being taken by the country people, were de- livered to the vigors, and were by them fent to feveral prifons; moft of them to the caftle of Edinburgh, fome to the caftle of Stirling, and fome to other places, there to be kept until they fiiould refolve about the time and place of their execution. Only two Irilh commanders, who happened to be taken, C c 2 were 204 THE MEMOIRS OF were prefently difpatched; thofe were colo- nel O-kyan, and major Laghlin, two whom Montr ofe had in great elteem, who being brought to Edinburgh, were, without delay, hanged upon the Caille-hill. MoBtrofe, and his party, paH^ed through Strathern to Athol, where he did prefently levy 400 foot ; and, having appointed the relt to be in a readinefs againft his return, with thofe and the horfe that came with him from the held, he marched to Mar, where the lord Erfkine made his people to join, and thence to the marquis of Huntley's bounds, where he found no ready obedience; for the marquis having left Strathnaver, where he formerly lurked, and now being returned home, did his uttermoft to fpoil the buiinefs in Montrofe's hands, which iome afcribed to his envy of Montrofe's glory, and others to fome influence the earl of Lanerk had upon him, whofe kinfman he was. Being difappointed of the help he expefted from Huntley, his care was the greater to have Macdonald join him again; therefore he fent to Argyle, his adjutant-general, to life all the perfuafions he could for his return, but all in vain; for, on no terms, could he be moved to concur with Montrofe in the fervice ; and fo they never met again. David Lefley, after his viftory, brought his army forward to Lothian, and from thence convoyed the committee of eftates, and the commiflion of the church, to Glafgow, where they fate fome days, advifing what farther courfe BISHOP GUTHRY. 205 courfe was to be taken againft Montrofe ; and, withal, concluded prefently, to give David Lefley, for a token of their gratitude, 50,000 merks Scots, with a chain of gold, and to Middleton 25,000 merks. After this, they refolved to carry the army to Angus, where, after the carfe of Govvry was pretty well exhaufted, they appointed the head- quarters to be at Forfar, and the army re- maining there, both the committee of e- ftates, and commifTion of the church fate down at Perth. The commilTion, being proud of the late victory, wa-s now more violent than former- ly ; fo that the firft bufinefs taken into confi- deration, was, that fuch of the miniftry as had not mourned for Montrofe's viftory at Kilfyth, might be cenfured : Whereupon they delcended to examine into every man's deportment, whom they fuppofed to be dif- affefted to their way; and, being helped by a number of fycophants among them, who well enough underllood, that cruelty was the only way to procure refpe^t, had information given them againft very many learned and pi- ous minifters, who, in that time of darkneis, as they called it, had bewrayed their difaf- feftion; which, without any farther inquiry, the}'' judged a lufficient ground, for procef- (ing them towards depofition. The next thing the commifTion went a- bout, concerned the depofition of mens heads; in order whereunto they fent Mr. William Bennet, moderator in Mr. Douglas's abfence, and. 2o6 THE MEMOIRS OF and, with him, two others, to the committee of eftates, to prefs the execution of the pri- foners; who, at their return, made their re- port to this effe^ : That having propoled the commiflion's defire, divers of the chief lords of the committee flighted the fame, and fo they were hke to have obtained nothing, had not the earl of Tullibardine very fealbnably rifen up and fpoken to this purpofe, *' That, " becaufe he had a brother among thofe *' men, it might be that their lordfhips ib " valued his concurrence with them in the '* good caufe, that, for refpeft of him, they " were the more Joath to refolve upon the " queflion: But that, as for himfelf, fince *' that young man had joined with that wick- *' cd crew, he did not efteem him his bro- " ther ; and therefore declared, that he " would take it for no favour, if, upon that " account, any indulgence were granted " him." This, faid Mr. Bennet, made thofe of the committee, who before had difrelifhed the motion, to hang down their heads; and fo it came to be concluded, that ten of them fhould be executed, viz. the earl of Hart- field, the lord Ogilby , Sir Robert Spotfwood fecretary, William Murray brother to the earl of Tullibardine, Alexander Ogilby of Innerquharity, Sir William RoUok, Sir Phi- lip Nisbet, colonel Nathaniel Gordon, Stu- art the adjutant, and Mr. Andrew Guthry, fon to the bifhop of Murray. Whether or no the earl of Tullibardine fpoke fo in the committee of eftates, I leave undetermined; but BISHOP GUTHRY. 207 but that Mr. Bennet reported it of him in the commiflion of the kirk, and that thofe other two, who had been with him, gave their af fent to it, I may confidently aver, being an ear-witnefs thereof. After which, both the committee of eftates, and the commiflion of the church, adjourned to the third of Oftober, and appointed their meeting, that day, to be held at Dunfe in the Merfe, for fending to Berwick fome of their Number, to meet with commiflioners deputed from the parliament of England. And the week following, after their meet- ing, the committee of eftates, and commil^ (ion of the church, did both convene at St. Andrews, to receive an account from thofe that went to Berwick; whereof the fum was, that the Englilh would needs be freed of the Scots army; and, withal, have the towns of Newcaftle andCarlifle delivered unto them; Whereunto they behoved to have a clear and pofitive anfwer at the fitting down of the par- lament at St. Andrews, upon November twenty-fixth. And, in the mean time, they had an account from the north, how Montrofe having got up a confiderable army, intended to march fbuth towards Glafgow, where, before his defeat, he had prockimed his par- liament to fit upon Oftober twentieth ; and therefore both the committee of eftates, and commiflion of the church, refolved to go thic ther againft that time ; and, for that effeft, lent orders prefently to the weftern ftiires, to come forth, both horfe and foot, to attend their zo8 THE MEMOIRS OF their arrival ; as alfo for a convoy, they car- ried along vi'ith them David Lefley, with the one half of his horfe, and appointed Middletor^ to quarter the other half, till their return, at Alloa, to deftroy the earl of Mar's lands, becaufe of the loyalty of that noble family, and that the lord Erllcine was aftually with Montrofe. At Glafgow they caufed to be executed at the mercat-crofsjUponOcHiober twenty-eighth, Sir William Roilok, and the next day. Sir Phi- lip Nisbet, and Alexander Ogilby of Inner- quharity, whereof the firft was but lately come home from foreign parts, and the laft was but a boy of Icarce eighteen years of age, lately come from the fchools ; and, upon that occafion it was, that Mr. David Dick- fon (aid, " The work goes bonnily on;" which paded afterwards into a proverb. But the execution of the other prifoners they de- ferred till che fitting of the parliament at St. . Andrews. Montrole, in the mean time, had brought his main army to Lenox, and from thence faced Glalgow with parties feveral days, ex- pe were ordered to march northwards to him. Afterv^'ards Middleton's capitulation with Montrofe was ratified, notwithftanding that, befsdes the commilTion of the church, the marquis of Argyle, and all his faftion, oppo- fed the fame; (o great was the duke's power at that time. And thofe leffer things being done, the royalifts dealt with his grace, that he would be pleafed to bring in the main bu- finefs, concerning the owning of the king. And, in particular, the laird of Innerpeffer, who was a commiifioner for Angus, having tried the pulfe of the moft part of the commiffion- ers, and found them right for his majefty, went to the duke, and befought his grace, that, without delay, it might be gone about, affuring him that now it would carry for the king by thirty voices ; whereas, if it were de- layed, the Argilians and commiffioners of the dhurch intrigued fo bufily, as it might be fear- ed, they would, in progrefs of time, draw a- way fo many that the caufe would be loft. The BISHOP GUTHRY. 235 The duke thanked him for his affedlion to the king, but, withal, entreated he would leave the timing of the bufinels to him, who knew beft to take au opportunity for it. Likeas, the week following, Innerpcffcr, finding that fome of thole who formerly had given him affurance, were already changed, fent Sir John Hamilton juftice-clerk, to the duke again, to fhew that by realon of mens inconltancy, now they could only carry it by I 5" voices', andif itweredela3^ed a week more, all hope would be gone; and therefore hum- bly befought his grace prefently to fall to it; but the anfwer he fent by Sir John, was the fame he had formerly given. And, indeed, it was the fifteenth of December before his grace made any mention of it; and then a grand committee being appointed to confider of the bufinefs, there were letters from the commifTioners at London prefented, fhewing, that they were fb far advanced in the way of agreeing with the parliament of England, as to receive 200,000 1. Sterling in hand; and public faith for as much more to be paid at terms, on condition they would retire their army, and furrender the king without any conditions for him. In regard the duke, on whom thofe in the parliament depended who had a mind to own the king, lingered to table the bufmefs, until thofe letters came; they collected, that not- withflanding his profeffions to the contrary, he was in the fame bottom with the reft; and therefore the moil part of them, refolved fo G g 2 com- 236 THE MEMOIRS OF comply, left otherwife they fliould draw upoti themfelves the wrath of that faftion; and, in the mean time, be able to do no good. And that the grand committee might go on the more unanimoufly, the commiflion of the church publifhed a warning, tending to keep in with the parliament of England, and not to own the king. After which the commit- tee's opinion to the parliament was, That yet once more, two of every eftate fhould be fent to the king, for requiring him to fign the propofitions, with certification, that if he refuied, they would retire their army, and leave him to the Englifh, which the parlia- ment aflented to: And thereupon nominated to go to his majefty, with that commifTion, the earl of Lothian and lord Balcarras, the lairds of Garthland and Freeland, Edward Edgar, and William Glendinning, who all went away upon December twenty-ninth. At this difpatch the duke, and his brother I^anerk, fpake a little againft the tenor of the commiffion, as being too peremptory, but were not contentious about it. And the mar- quis of Argyle, and his followers, who were accuftomed to difpenfe with them to make a ftir in the beginning of every bufmefs, feeing in the end they fufFered the refolution to go their way, took little notice of it. Yea, the comaiiffioners of the church, who were worfe to fatisfy, took no exceptions againft them. In token whereof, wit'iaut any recommen- dation thereanent from the general aflembly, they did, at their defire, relax, from the fen- tence BISHOP GUTHRY. 237 tence of excommunication, the earl of Sea- forth and lord Ogilby, two whom the mar- quis of Argyle held for his greatefl: enemies, and upon that account did his utmoft, that they might not obtain that favour. 1647. IN the firft week of January came the laft advertifement from the commiffioners at London, That now they had perfeflly a- greed with the parliament of England' to re- ceive the money above-mentioned; and to retire their army, and leave the king to them, without any conditions for him, or in rela- tion to our intereft in him; as the aft of the Englifh parliament thereanent didbear, which they alfo fent hither, and required a prefent anfwer. Hereupon the matter was again de- bated in parhament, until the return of the commiflioners from Newcaftle, with his ma- jefty's laft refufai. And afterwards, upon Ja- nuary fixteenth, by the voice of the houfe, it was concluded, that according to the agree- ment of the commiffioners above, the army fhould retire, and the king be left to the Eng- lifh, without any conditions for him, or our mtereft in him. There were only for the negative, of the nobility, duke Hamilton, and his brother La* nerk, with the earls of Kinghorn and Tulli- bardine, and the lords Spynzie and Ehbank; of the gentry, Halkertgn, Innerpeifer, Mo- nargan 23S THE MEMOIRS OF nargan and Garden; and of the commiiTion- ers of the burghs, thofe of Forfar, Taine in Rofs, and Brechin. Neither did duke Ha- milton, and his brother Lanerk, fave their credit, as to the point of loyalty, by their voices, in regard all their friends and follow- ers went the other way; fuch as, chiefly, the earl of Crawfurd-Lindfay, prefident of the parliament, the earls of CalTils, Glencairn and Eglinton, the lords Lour, afterward earl of Eathie, Bargenny and Cochran, Sir James Lockhart of Lee, Sir John Hamilton of Beel, and others. The guilt and ftain due to the aft, fhould not, with reafon, be imputed to the genera- lity of the Scots nation, in regard, Firft, Con- cerning the nobility, that whofoever fhall be at the pains to compare the lift of Scots no- blemen, with the Sederunt of parliament^ will find that the third part of the nobility was not prefent, very many having been fe- cluded for their known affeftion to the king, and others upon other pretexts, and, pol- fibly, fome who would have been admit ted^ did, on their own accord, withdraw, being, on the one part, refolved not to comply, and, on the other hand, loath by their dillent to offend the prevailing faftion, left they fhould encroach upon their fortunes. And, for the gentry, burghs and com- monalty throughout the land, Fife, and the weftern fhires betwixt Hamilton and Gal- loway, being excepted, there were an hun- dred for one, all the kingdom over, that ab- horred BISHOP GUTHRY. 239 horred it, and would never have inftrufted their commiflioners that way: So that they alone have to anfvver to God for that deport- ment. Howbeit, thofe who fent them were fo over-awed, that they durft not challenge them. And as to the miniilers, albeit they had been always careful to conftitute the commil^ (ioners of the church fo, that the plurality thereof fhould run their way, yet v^'as there found fome who, all along in their debates, exonerated themfelves fairly; fuch as Mr. An- drew Ramfay, and Mr. William Colvil, mini- fters of Edinburgh, Mr. Andrew Fairfoul minifter of Leith, Mr. Robert Knox minifter ofKelfo, Mr. Oliver Colt minifter of Inver- efk, Mr. David Drummond minifter of Lin- lithgow, Mr. Henry Guthry minifter of Stir- ling, and others: And as for the body of the miniftry throughout the kingdom, the far greater part difallowed it; howbeit, lothnels to be deprived of their function and livel)'- hood,reftrained them from giving a teftimony. The aft of parliament being quickly fent to the commiffioners at London, the Englifti parliament did, without delay, deliver at Newcaftle the fum of 200,000 1. Sterling to the Scots commiftary-general ; whereupon followed the delivering up the king to them, which was upon Thurfday January twenty- eighth, at nine o'clock; and immediately af- t^r the Scots army marched thence, and came homeward: The earl of Pembroke, who had received the king, ftajd with him there until February third, and then, according to ius 240 THE MEMOIRS OF his orders, carried him away to Holmby* houfe, where the parHament of England meant he fhould remain. While the Scots army was on their way homeward, the parHament concluded, that after their arrival the moft part of them fliould be disbanded, and only a new model to be kept of 6000 foot, and 1200 horfe, to be commanded as follows. Rout-mafters, the general, lieutenant-general, major-general, Sir John Brown, Robert Montgomery, the. laird of Adie, Lockart younger of Lee, Thornton, Ludquharn, Mungo Murray, Craig of Ricearton, Henry Barclay, and colonel Frazer. Colonels of foot, Argyle, Ardkin- glas. Sir Alexander Hamilton"^, colonel Scot, Pitlcotty and Hepburn. Lieutenant-colonels, Argyle's to ftand, Ardkinglas's to ftand, and David Wemyfs, John Roch, John Innes, and John Halden. Majors of Foot, Argyle's to liand,, Ardkinglas's to ftand, and Touers* Meldrum, Agnew and Blair. This disbanding was not only talked of by fycophants, whereof they had no fcarcity, but alfo by minifters froni their pulpits, as an a6t of great love to their country, done for the eale thereof; whereas it was well enough known they did it only for their own fecu- rity, to get fuch of the army, both officers, and foldiers, disbanded, as were tainted with' what they called malignancy, and none kept up * This Gentleman was a brother of the earl of Had- dington, and is commonly known by the name of Dear Saiidji Hamtlion* BISHOP GUTHRY. 241 up but thofe of whom they might be confi- dent, that whatfoever they attempted, they Would go along with it. So foon as the army arrived, there being three months pay deJivered to each foldier, they did all peaceably disband, except thofe of the new model. Soon after David Lefley, with a party of this model, was fent to the north, there to join withMiddleton, for fup- prelling the Gordons, who yet kept up in arms; and the remaining part was ordered to flay in the heart of the kingdom, to guard the parliament, and to be a terror to thofe throughout the land, that groaned for the king. The earl of Morton obtained in parliament a ratification of the hereditary right of Ork- ney. As alfo of the EngUfli money, the par- liament appointed to the marquis of Argyle, for himfeJf, 30,000 1. SterHng, and for his friends 15,000!. Sterling; and for his com- mon people, the commilTioners of the church appointed all the minifters throughout the kingdom to colleft a voluntary contribution, and to. deliver the fame to James Stuart in Edinburgh, and George Porterficld in Giaf- gow, who were made receivers thereof The next week the parliament ordered 3000 J. Sterling to be given to Sir Archibald John- fton of Warifton, for a reward of his fervice. And towards the clofe of the parliament, it was appointed by authority thereof, that duke Hamilton fhould have 30,000 1. Sterling al- lowed him for his lolTes in the good caufe, e- H h fpe- 242 THE MEMOIRS OF fpecially when Montrofe lay at Bothwel. Nor was it doubted, bvit that minifters were alfo rewarded, yet the lame was fo conveyed, that the proportions came not to be publicly known ; only it was obferved, that after- wards they lived very (iimptuoufly, and di- vers of them became very rich, fuch as Mr. Dickfon, Blair, Cant, and others. At laft the parliament nominated a grand com- mittee of twenty for every eftate, with ample power to rule, until the next parliament, which was appointed to fit in March 1 648. And fo upon March twenty-feventh this firll: triennial parliament rofe. In the beginning of April came certainty of David Lefley's fuccefs in the north, how the garrifons of Wardes and Strathbogie had both furrendered to him, and that thereupon he had prefently caufed fuch Irifli and defer- ters as he found therein to be hanged, giving quarter to the reft. And that thereafter, the marquis of Huntley, whole forces had de- ferted him, and were retired to corners, till they might capitulate for their lives, and fome few gentlemen that adhered to him, were forced to flee to Lochaber for flielter, and from thence wrote to David Lefley to inter- cede with the committee of eftates for liberty to them to remove out of the kingdom; which was refufed. Then Middleton, with his forces, being appointed to remain in the north, for prevent- ing new infurreftions, David Lefley, and his army, were ordered fouth, that they might * be BISHOP GUTHRY. 243 l^e employed againfl Macdonald, who yet continued in arms in the marquis of Argyle's; country. For which end, David Lelley; quartered his army in Strathallan, keeping his head-quarters in Dunblain,, until the middle of May, at which time the marquis, having adjourned the committee of eftates, came to Dunblain to guide the w^y to David Lelley and his army : And having begun their march upon May feventeenth, arrived at In- verary upon the twenty-firft. From whence, upon the twenty-fourth, they advanced to Kintyre, where Macdonald was; his ftrength was reckoned to be 1 400 foot, and two troops of horfe. Macdonald Ikirmifhed with them upon the twenty-fifth, from morning till night, but the next day himfelf, and his Irifli, having boats in readinefs, fled to the ifles, and from thence to Ireland. The country people, whom he had con- flrained to join him, fubmitted upon quarter given them by David Lefley: But, having furrendered their arms, the marquis and a bloody preacher, Mr. John Nevoy, prevailed with him to break his word; and fo the army was let loofe upon them, and killed them all without mercy; whereat David Lefley feem- ed to have fome inward check: For, while the marquis and he, with Mr. Nevoy, were walking over the ancles in blood, he turned about, and faid, ^' Now, Mr. John, have *' you not once gotten your fill of blood?" This was reported by many that heard it. H h 2 Afcer 244 THE MEMOIRS OF After rhis, rhey traiifported their army to Iflay, for reducing that ifiand, and efpecially a'Arong caftle therein, called Duniveg, where Macdonald had planted a garrilon. And that being done, they turned homeward; but, before their arrival, had intelligence from .England, that upon June fourth, cornet Joyce, with looo liorfe, by Fairfax and Cromwell's orders, without the allowance of the parliament, had come to Holmby-houfe, and carried the king away: Whom, after- wards Fairfax and Cromwell caufed for a long time to march to and fro with them at the head of their army; and after that fettled him at Hampton-court, keeping their ftrong guards about him, whereby he had no more freedom than formerly at Holmby, Whereunto this might tend, was hard to prognofticate: Neverthelefs, the committee of eflates, and commiffion of the church, found themfelves concerned to meet, and con- fider what was incumbent upon them on this emergent; And being, upon June twenty^ fecond, adembled, they did prefently adjourn till July, that they might get farther intel- ligence. Andonjul}^ feventeenth arrived from Lon- don Mr. George Winram, who told them, I. That the army's power encrea(ed. 2. That liberty of confcience was thought to be aim- ed at by them, with an univerfal toleration, g. That general Pointz, who formerly ferv- ed under the parliament, was, by their or- ders, without the parliament's knowledge, ta- ken, BISHOP GUTHRY. ^45 ken, and made prifoner in Pontefrafl-caftle. And, 4. That upon July twelfth, the army- had fent to the parliament and city propofi- tions of an odd ftrain. AVhat thefe propofitions might be, was not well underftood, until that at the end of July the Scots commifTioners, refiding at London, gave an account, that upon the receipt of thole propofals, the city of London, with the ap- prentices and watermen, did all join in a new bond for the ends of the covenant, and pre- fented the fame to the parliament. The firft day whereon they appeared, the parliament condemned the bond, and forbid them to own it under pain of treafon; but they coming again the next day in greater numbers, and more tumultuoufly, the parlia- ment retracted their former fentence, and ap- proved what they had done. Whereof Fairfax and Cromwell being ad-r vertifed by the feftarian party in the houfe, with which they then complied, they drew the army towards London, and after fome treaty, wherein Mr. Marihall was the chief aftor, who, at his being here in the year 1643, profefled to be a Presbyterian, but now had wheeled about, the city fubmitted to the army, and Fairfax and Cromwell, at the head thereof, marched through the fame, having the tower, the militia of the city, and all delivered to them. This rifing at London put our great ones to fuch a nonplus, that they knew not what to do or fayj and therefore refolved 246 THE MEMOIRS OF refolved to be quiet, until the defign thereof fhould be better underftood. So the general a(Tembly fate down at Edin- burgh upon Auguft third, and rofe again Sep- tember firil. The chief things done in it were, A Confelfion of Faith was approved ; and a Directory for family-woriliip; and a national thankfgiving appointed to be cele- brated the lall fabbath of September, for Da- vid Lefley's fuccefs in chafing away Macdo- nald. The commifiion of the preceding al- fembly was approved, with thinks to them for their fidelity and diligence; and a new commilfion was appointed for the year fol- lowing, whereunto all the particular affairs that came before the aflembly, were re- ferred. The committee of eftates fate in the mean time, aiid having gotten from Lauderdale, and the reft of the commilTioners that refided in London, farther intelligence, they con- cluded to fend up the chancellor, and the earl of Lanerk, to aft in conjundion with them for the intereft of this nation. And thereafter the marquis of Argylewent home to fettle his country, and upon September twenty-firft, cauled colonel Macgillefpick, Alexander Macdonald's father, to be hanged. The country being fore oppreft with Da- vid Lefley's army, took the advantage of Argyle's abfence to fupplicate the committee of eftates for disbanding the fame, expefting that the Hamiltons, who always profefled friendlliip to the royalifts, would now, when he BISHOP GUT HRY. 247 he was not there to make oppofit^on, have done It. But the anfwer was, An aft order- ing the army to disband upon Oftober twen- tieth, provided the committee of eftates, which prefently was adjourned till Oftober twelfth, fliould then think it expedient. When the fupplicants found this was all they had obtained, they called it a lick of cream, and faid, " It was like the reft of Hamilton's do- " ings;" feeing it might be prefumed, that before that time the marquis of Argyle would be returned to crufh it. In the mean while, the chancellor, and earl of Lanerk, went away for London, as alio the earl of Callender went up on his own account, but had no commifTion. Callender returned long before the reft, having gotten from the king fundry grants, and among the reft the office of fheriffof Stirling-fliire, which had belonged by inheritance to the houfe of of Mar, until the king would needs have the earl of Mar to refign the fame into his hands; and, in recompence thereof, and for fatif faction of fome debts owing by his majefty to him, gave him a leafe of the lordfiiip of Stirling for certain years : Which never- thelefs the marquis of Argyle hindered pal- fing the feals; fuch was his malice againft the noble houfe of Mar, for the loyalty thereof, notw^ithftanding the many ways he was related thereto. So foon as the chancellor and Lanerk ar- rived at London, and, with the reft, had con- ferred with their correfpcndents in the par- 248 THE MEMOIRS OF liament upon the ftate of affairs, one Mr. Rowe was fent down from the parliament to our committee of eftates, to urge, that the Scots army might be brought home from Ireland, offering only, inftead of all their arrears, a fortnight's pay for their tranfportation. Thig was the only affair which he publicly profef^ fed he was intrufted with; but it was gene- rally believed, that he brought other mefla- ges, which the committee thought not fit to divulge. In the beginning of 0£lober, the marquis of Argyle returned to Edinburgh, to attend the fitting of the committee upon the twelfth thereof; at which time the duke, and his ad- herents, fuffered him to carry the keeping up of David Lefley's army, until the parliament, which was not to fit before March 1 648, fliould determine about it : Whereunto the commiffioners of the general aflembly were vfery helpful, having, befide their private traf- ficking, emitted a declaration for that end. The army being now out of fear to be dif banded, became more rude than before: For, notwithftanding that monthly maintenance u hich was exacted throughout the land for the entertainment thereof, and that fo unmer- cifully, that every collector enriched himfelf thereby, yet the foldiers were ever fuffered to take free quarters amongft all that were fuppofed to favour the king; and not only lb, but farther, to do them all the harm they could: For there waa no more to be done, but BISHOP GUTHRY. 249 but once to give them the name of Malig- nants, and then it was piety to plunder them. And, befides this, another courfe, which had formerly been devifed againft them, was profecuted with more and more feverity; which was, to call before the committee of ellates fuch and fuch men, and then ordain them to lend money to the public, whether they had it or no, fome 100 L lome 200 1. Sterling, and fome more, as the committee was pleafed to determine : And if any fcru- pled to obey, the proportion was prefently doubled upon them; or, if any profelled to want money, fome or other of the collectors would offer to lend them money upon bond, which againft the next term would make him liable to pay the fum, with intereft : And if any did obftinately ftand out, he was fliut up in prifon till he fubmitted. They gloried fo much in this device, that they ufed to contend among themfelves, whe- ther the quicknefs of the invention fhould be afcribed to the committee of eftates, or to the commiffion of the church; it being, faid they, the moft excellent way that could be thought on for reaching heart-mahgnants, as they called them, w'ho difallowed their courle, and yet walked fo refervedly, that they could find no pretexts in a legal way, whereby they could fine or forefault them. And, indeed^ by this way they drew from honeft people fuch fums, as did fufficiently impoverilh them, and made the committee abundantly able both to gratify fycophants that depended I i upon 250 THE MEMOIRS OF upon them, and daily to corrupt more and more. Yet notwithftanding thefe public methods, they neglected not to ufe more private means; among which this was one ; Archibald lord Napier, a nobleman, for true worth and loy- alty inferior to none in the land, having in the year 1 645, died in his majefly's fervice at Fancartle in Athol, the committee refolved to raife his bones, and pafs a fentence of fore- faulture thereupon ; and, for that end, let- ters were raifed, and ordained to be executed at the pier and fliore of Leith againft Archi- bald lord Napier his fon, then under exile for his loyalty, to appear upon 60 days warn- ing, and to hear and fee the fame done. And when his friends were ftartled at the nolle of it, and made inquiry, what was meant by it, they found it was only to draw money from the prefent lord Napier, for the ufe of fome fycophants that expelled it; and lo they advanced 5000 merks to that end, and thereupon the intended forefaulture was dif charged. This was not the firft of the lord Napier's money they had gotten; for after Montrofe's removal, when he came home to fettle his affairs, that he might alfo go abroad, the committee conftrained him to paythem2oool. Sterling, under the name of forefaultures, be- caufe his late noble father and he had, in the year 1 645, broken from their confinements, and joined Montrofe, and that with fuch rigour, that albeit they owed him 8000 merks for pro- BISHOP GUTHRY. 251 provlfions they had bought of his father, to- wards the fubfiftence of the army in the year 1 640, yet could he not obtain that the fame fhould be allowed in part of payment, but they made him deliver the faid mm of 2000 1. Sterling intirely> without any fatisfadtion at all for the viftuals. Whilft thus they ruled in an arbitrary way, they were pleafed to make themfelves merry with a Ipeftacle, which was very tragical ; the lairds of Newton-Gordon, and Harthill th€ younger, being taken prifoners by Mid- dleton, had been fent to the tolbooth of E- dinburgh, whom the committee condemned to die; and albeit before the execution of the fentence, their friends had procured and brought home for them the king's remilTion, the fame was not regarded, but notwithftand- ing thereof, they were both beheaded at the Crofs of Edinburgh, for no other caufe, fo much as alledged, but their loyalty, having been in the king's fervice, firft under Mon- trofe, and afterwards under Huntley. Hart- hill fuffered upon October twenty-fixth, and the other fhortly after him. Thereafter no new thing occurred, until November twentieth, at which time there came from the chancellor, Lanerk, Lauder- dale, and the reft of the refidentiaries at Lon- don, an advertifement concerning the king's efcape from Hampton-court; whereof the oc- cafion was faid to be a letter fent him from fome who pretended to be his friends, intimat- ing, That the independents intended to mur- I i 2 dep 252 THE MEMOIRS OK der him; and therefore advifed him to fly to the Ifle of Wight for fafety. Whereupon his majefty, having left upon his table a letter for the parliament, flievving the reafon of his re- moval, with one to colonel Whaley, and an- other to the captain of the guards, went a- way at night, and with him Sir John Berk- ley, captain Leg, and Mr. Alliburnham, and rode ftraight towards the ifle, froni vi'hence colonel Hammond governor thereof, had come afhore to attend his arrival in that place, and prefently received him, and car- ried him toCarisbrook-caflle, within that ifle. Upon the notice thereof, the committee of eilates, and commiiFion of the church, did meet very folemnly December fecond, where the firft occurrence was an account from Middleton, that now the marquis of Huntley was his prifoner; having been ta- ken by colonelMenzies inStrathnaver, where he lurked at that time. The committee ordered Middleton to fend him, without delay, to Edinburgh; where, upon December twenty-fourth, he arrived, and the troopers that brought him up, hav- ing, at the entry of the town, delivered him to the magiftrates, he was by them guarded to the tolbooth. And upon December twenty- firft, the queftion was debated in the commit- tee. Whether he fliould be prefently executed, or reprieved till the meeting of the parlia- ment : The marquis of Argyle, being his brother-in-law, yet his great enemy, with- drew when it was put to the votej but all of his BISHOP GUT HRY. 253 his faftion were for prefent execution ; and fo was the commiflion of the church ahb, by their moft earneft folicitations; neverthelefs, it was carried, and that only by One voice, that his life fliould be fpared until the parlia- ment. Which was the rather thus carried, in regard the news they received in the mean time from the commilFioners at London, touched them fo deeply, that they valued the lefs what fhould be determined concern- ing him. For now they were certified, that the par- liament of England had refolved to admit of a perfonal treaty with the king; his majefty firft condefcending to four articles, viz. i. To quit the militia for ever. 2. That the parlia- ment fhould adjourn themfelves as they plea- fed. 3. That no noblemen created by him fince his withdrawing himfelf from the parlia- ment, fhould fit in the houfe of peers, untU the parliament had ratified their creation. And, 4. That he fhould difclaim all edicts, proclamations, Szc. emitted againfi: the par- liament. Upon this occafion, the chancel- lor, Lanerk, Lauderdale, and the reft of the commiflioners, began to a£l in a new way ; for, whereas formerly it had been their cuftom to quarrel with the king for not granting enough to his parliament; now they alledged, that if he fKould fign thofe articles, he would there- by grant too much, nay, more than was ei- ther fit or juft. Whereupon, at firft, when thofe four ar- ticles were drawn up by the parliament, to be 254 THE MEMOIRS OF be fent to his majefty, they entered their dif^ Tent before the parliament, and emitted a de- claration againft the fame; which being fent hither to the committee of eftates, was by them approved, and reprinted at Edinburgh, whereby it might come to the knowledge of the lieges; as alfo there was a letter of thankf giving fent to them, wherein it was defired they would continue conftant. And when the parliament's commiffioners went to the Ifle of Wight, to prefent unto the king thofe preparatory propofitions, and defire that his majefty would pleafe to fign the fame, the Scots commiffioners went thi- ther alfo, and, in his majefty's prefence, pro- tefted againft his doing thereof; , which pro- teftation being by them fent home to the committee of eftates, was mightily approved. The king being thus in a ftrait betwixt two, did take the matter into confideration for fome time; and, in the mean time, the chancellor, Lauderdale, and Lanerk, did, with the profeffion of much affeftion to him, infinuate, that rather than his majefty fhould condefcend to thofe articles, it were better for him to make fome farther fteps, in giving Scotland fome contentment anent the refor- mation; which, if his majefty fhould do, they would undertake that the whole king- .dom fhould engage for his reftoration. Whereupon the king and they entered upon a treaty concerning fuch conceflions as might fatisfy the Scots nation. 164a. BISHOP GUTHRY. 25J 1648. ON the fifteenth of January, his majefty and they accorded upon certain articles, which they, in name of the kingdom of Scot- land, acknowledged to be latisfaftory; and thereupon did undertake that the kingdom fhould own his majefty, and take arms for his re-eftablifhment. And when Mr. John Cheiflie, (who, being firft Mr. Henderfon's fervant, had been by him preferred to be clerk to the commifTioners) prefented the paper to the king, which his majefty was to fign, the king promifed him the firft vacant place in the fedlon, and, in the mean time, knighted him, and made him mafter pf re- quefts, in the room of an old faithful fervant. Sir James Galloway, who had lately been ad- vanced to the title of lord Dunkeld. The king having thus tranfafted with the Scots, called for the Englifh commifFioners, and, after a fhort difcourfe, difmifled them with a negative anfwer, which they, at their return to Weftminfter, having reported, the parliament thereupon pafled an aft, that no man thereafter fhould make any application to him as king of England, under pain of trea- fon, and withal fent an order to the governor of the Ifle of Wight, to Ihut him up in clofe prifon; which he obeyed. When 256 THE MEMOIRS OF When the report of thefe things came home, true royalifts were confounded with grief, that his majefty had not rather clofed with the parliament of England upon any terms, than again to caft himfelf upon the Scots, of whom late experience might have taught him what to expeft. But the committee of e- ftates, and commiffion of the church were over-joyed, that now the king and the Eng- lifh were finally parted, and the game brought into their hands again. The return of the commifTioners was the next thing wifh- ed for, touching which they were foon fa- tisfied, for they having no more to do at London, haftened home. Upon January twenty-feventh arrived Sir John Cheiflie, Hugh Kennedy, and Mr. Robert Barclay; and upon February ninth came the reft, to- gether with two of the houfe of commons, commiflionated from the parHament of Eng- land, and with them Mr. Marfhall the preacher, he who, being here four years ago, profefTed to be a Presbyterian, but fince turned Independent. Thofc gave an account, that the earls of Nottingham and Stanford were alfo coming from the houfe of peers, and with them Mr. Herle. The committee of eftates, and commifllon of the church, having both fate down before the commifTioners arrival to attend- the fame; the chancellor did, upon the next day after their coming, which was February tenth, make a fpeech before the committee, and re- ported their proceedings in England, and promifed BISHOP GUTHRY. 257 promifeci to add to his difcourfe uponTuefday the fifteenth, excufing his brevity at that time, by realon ot his ficknefs. Upon the fifteenth the chancellor profecuted his dif- courle, and after him Lauderdale Ipoke abun- dantly, which he might well do, having from the year 1643, till that time, refided con- llantly at London, with a chief hand in the management of the bufinels. The commifTion of the church was the firlt that minillred occafion to the people to doubt, that ere long the king might have caule to re- pent the way he had taken; for his majelfy's concefFions being read and confidered, the prime minifters began prefently to expreis their dilTatisfaftion therewith. Wh.ereupon the commillion fent Mr. Ro- bert Douglas, Mr. David Dickfon, Mr. Ro- bert Blair, and lome others, to the committee of eftates, with a defire, that there might dill be a correlpondence betwixt the commilhon of the church, and committee of elbtes, as formerly, whereby rehgion might fuftain no prejudice. The meifage was well received by the committee of eftates ; and fo much the better, becaufe the marquis of Argyle backed it, who was now beginning to whif- per againft the tranfa^lions in the Ifle of Wight, So the committee of eftates appoint- ed a committee, wherewith the commiflion of the church might correfpond, to confider of the danger of religion, and of the monarchy. The members of this committee were to be three of every eftate joined to the com- K k mif- 258 THE MEMOIRS OF milTioiiers, who the year paft had been com- mifTionated to refide at London : So of the nobility were chofen Duke Hamilton, the earls of Lanerk and Callcnder; for the chan- cellor and Argyle were of the number of the aforefaid commiffioners, and therefore need- ed not to be named; and the reafon why La- nerk was named, was becaufe tho' of late he happened to be with the reft of them at the Ifle of Wight, yet was he not in the Hft with thofe who fome years ago had been chofen to refide conftantly atLondon : And thofe of the gentry were Dury, Lee and Tofts : And, for the burghs, Archibald Sydeferf, with the commilfioners of Dundee and St. Andrews. Upon Saturday the nineteenth came to E- dinburgh from the houie of Peers, the earl of Nottingham, and with him Mr. Herle, having left the earl of Stanford at Berwick, who was laid to march the more flowly, by reafon of the money he brought along with him. Mr. Herle preached in the great church of Edinburgh, upon Sunday the twenty-fe- venth, and was obiervd not to pray for the king. The commifTion of the church ordained, that none fhould employ Mr. Marfliall to preach, it being well known how a6live he was become for the leftaries; as alfo becaufe it pafTed current, how he had in his way hi- ther, preached at York upon Ezekiel xxi. ver. 25, 26, 271 applying thofe words moft "wickedly to our king. Yet neverthelefs, Mr. George Gillefpy employed him to preach in BISHOP GUTHRY. 259 in the great church upon March twenty-fifth, and was not cenfured for it. The commilTion of the church became more and more averfe from approving the tranfa£lions with his majefty at the l/le of Wight ; and, at length, voted his majelly's concefTions, which the. com-milfioners had then, in the name of the whole kingdom, ac- cepted as fatisfa£tory, not to be fatisfa£lory> yea, to be deftru6tive of the covenant, and fet forth a declaration to that purpofe; all which was carried in the commiition by a plu- rality of voices, there being in the mean time divers reverend minifters, who dilfented, and pre{Ied that their diffent might be record^ ed, viz. Thofe who formerly owned his ma- jefty, and fome others alfo. Upon the no- tice of this declaration, the committee of e- ftates pretended to be much difpleafed, but nothing followed thereupon. The parliament met on Thurfday March fecond, where the chancellor was elected pre^ fident thereof. The firft debate that occurred in it, concerned commilfioners ; for it fell out, that in fome fliires there were double ele- ctions, which came to pafs upon this occa- fion : The Argihans having tampered through- out the fhires, that commilfioners might be fent, who would run their way; it fell out in fome fliires, that where the major part had elefted one that favoured the king, the other fort pitched upon another of a contrary temper, and commiifionated him. So, in Clack- mannan-fhire, the major part chofe Mr. Ro- K k 2 bert 26o THE MEMOIRS OF bert MoUlrum of Tillibodie, a depender up- on the Hamikons; but a tew who depended npon the marqnis of Argyle, chofe Sir Charles Erfkuic of Alva. Likevvife in Pcrth-fliire, the major part ele£led the lairds of Balthayoke and Inchmartine, but the other fa£tion chofe Adie and Freeland; The parhament con- firmed the commilTion of Mr. Robert Mel- drum, with Inchmartine andBaltha3^oke, and rcjcfted Sir Charles Erfkine, with Adie and Freeland: And alfo rejected the commiflions of the lairds Wedderburn, Craigivar and Tofts, as having been carried on by tumult and faftion, On March eighth arrived the earl of Stan- ford from Berwick, with the money ; which was afterwards fo privately dilperled, that it came not to be publicly known; and there- fore I fhall aver no more concerning it; but that I am certain no true royalill: had any fhare in it. The commifTion of the church prefented to the parliament, by Mr. Douglas, Mr. Dick- fon, Blair, Cant, Livingftone, and Gillefpie, with the laird of Dundas, Sir James Stuart, and Mr. George Winram, as ruling elders, their declaration againft the king's concefTions. The parliament gave it to the feveral bodies to be confidered of, commanding them in the mean time not to publifh it, until the parlia* ment fhould be farther advifed : Notwith- ftanding which, the commifTion of the church caufed it to be printed upon March twelfth; after which the parliament defired it might not BISHOP GUTHRY. 261 not be fpread, until farther ad vertifement; but, neverthelefs, upon Monday fourteenth, the commiiTion made an aft for reading it in all the kirks of the kingdom, and prefently fent it a- way to the feveral presbyteries for that efFeft. And for as much as the parliament difpenf- ed with thefe things, the jealoufy which royal- ifts had always entertained of the duke and his brother Lanerk, was much encreafed, that they and the marquis of Argyle were not fo oppofite in their defigns, as they profeffed. For remedy whereof, and that it might ap- pear to the world, that there was a real divi- fion amongft them, nothing lefs muft ferve the turn, than a combat betwixt the marquis of Argyle, and the earl of Crawfurd-Lindlay, to be fought on Monday, March twenty- firft, at five of the clock in the morning, in the links of Stonyhill, major Innes being Ar- gyle's fecond, and Lanerk Crawfurd's : They kept the appointment, and were an hour up- on the place before any redders came ; 10 that they had leifure enough to have fought, if they had been willing. However, the in- tention of it gave fuch offence to the commif fiftn of the church, that the marquis of Ar- gyle was obliged to make his repentance be- fore them, becaufe he had fuch an hoffile mind; and Crawfurd was defired to do the like, but would not. This combat furniftied fport for a time. Upon the expeftation which ftrangers had of this kingdom's engaging by this time. Sir Marmaduke Langdale, Sir Philip Mufgrave, Sir 262 THE MEMOIRS OF Sir Thomas Glenham, and other Englifh of- ficers, came hither to offer their lervice, and fhortly after an hundred more came into Peebles and Kelfo, expecting to be employed; and left they ihould be mifconftrufted, fent two of their number to reprefent the caufe of their coming to the parliament. This ap- pearance of ftrangers put life into honeft men; whereupon it came to be mentioned in par- liament, that fome courfe might be taken in reference to the declaration of the commif^ fion of the church. The duke and his bro- ther approved the motion, and propofed that a proclamation fhould be publifhed againft it; but fufFered the fame prefently to be rejefted* It was next moved, that a declaration lliould be emitted, but having once fpoken of it, they never prefTed it farther, whereby it vaniflied alfo, and fo nothing was done at all. Afterwards it was propofed in parliament, that fix of every eftate fhould be nominated to have the full power of determining in the great bufinefs : For which end every one of the three eftates to chufe twelve of their or- der; which being reported to the parhament, the houfe out of each twelve fhould pitch upon fix. And this motion was concluded by a vote of parliament, notwithftanding the marquis of Argyle, and all his faction, oppo- fed it : So ablolute was duke Hamilton's power, that he could carry what he pleafed, many adhering to him upon intereft of blood and friendship; and others conceiving him to be for the king. When the feveral bodies met BISHOP GUTHRY. 263 met apartj Argyle, and his adherents, refii- fed to give their vote to the nomination of their twelve, but it was done without them. And when (the report being made of the three twelves) the parliament began out of each of them to pitch upon fix, the marquis and his followers not only difTented, but alfo protefted againft it, and withal left the houfe. Thofe that joined with him in the protefta- tion were, the earls of CafTils, Eglinton and Lothian; the lords Arburthnot, Torphichen, Burleigh, Balmerino and Couper; lairds of Scotfcraig, Humbie and Wariflon ; and for burgelTes, John Short of Stirling, George Porterfield of Glafgow, with fome petty burghers in Fife and the Weft-country. The parliament, nevertheleis, proceeded to the ele6lion of fix out of every eftate out of the twelves, viz. Of the nobility were, the duke, the marquis of Argyle, the earls of Crawfurd, Lanerk, Callender and Lauderdale ; of the gentry, InnerpefTer, Collinton, Arnifton, Lee, Humbie and Warifton; and of the boroughs, Archibald Sydeferf bailie of Edinburgh, Sir Alexander Wedderburn clerk of Dundee, Pa- trick Lefley of Aberdeen, George Bell of Glafgow, James Robertfon of St. Andrews, and Thomas Macbirnie. This being concluded, it was next mo- tioned, that the marquis of Argyle, with thofe that had joined in the proteftation, fhould be cenfured as their offence deferved; but the duke and his brother difallowed it, as inexpe- dient; fo they were called in, and defired to take 264 THE MEMOIRS OF take their places again, without fo much as one word of reproof for their feparation. Then did the commifTion of the church appear again, and exprefs their diflike of the power given to that committee; whereupon the parliament did appoint fome of that com- mittee to confer with them about that huil- nefs. At the conference, the commilTion pre- fented lome articles of an oath, which they defired to be taken, viz. ,An Oath of AjfociaUon, for pirfii'ing the Ends of the Covenant. I. Concerning religion and the covenant. That except the king did firft fublcribe and fwear to both covenants, it was not lawful for any to endeavour his reftitution. II. That Popery and Prelacy be extirpated, as alfo Eraftianifm, and all other feds. III. No com- munication with malignants in any of the three kingdoms. IV. No negative voice to the king. V. That thefe articles be added to his majefty's coronation oath, and of all his fucceflbrs. VI. And, laftly. That any that refufe this oath, be not capable of any charge, ecclefiaftical or civil, nor to enjoy their own fortunes. Thofe of the committee who treated with the commiffion rejedled the oath, whereupon the commiiTion gave up the conference for that time. Yet, upon March twenty-fecond, the comrtTttnon gave in a new paper to the parlia- BISHOP GUTHRY, 265 parliament, containing eight propofitions, which they craved to be admitted ; where- upon the parliament added two more of e- very eftate to the former committee of eigh- teen, viz. the earls of Roxburgh and Tra* quair; the lairds of Innes and Garthland; John Kennedy, and Mr. John Hay of El- gin; making the committee, in the whole, to confifl of twenty-four, and -appointed them to fet a timd to treat with the rainiiters con cerning their propofitions. Having met, they did not accord ; and fo the minilters left off to treat more with the committee. In the mean time arrived on March twenty- fixth, at Leith, a pinnace, which let afhore Sir William Fleming. His errand was faid to be, that the commiffioners had, a: the lile of Wight, fent to the queen and prince feme af furance of their refolution to engage this na- tion for the king, and now he was come from them to jearn, what they might expect as to the performance thereof. The letters which he dehvered were to the chancellor, duke Hamilton, Lauderdale and Lanerk. In few days after th-ey difpatched him with their an* fwers; and, to bear him company, William Murray of the bed-chamber, embarked with him; whofe name was fo odious among royal* ifts, that they were forry the prince Ihovild iiave fuch a man about him. After long delay, at length, upon April e- ^eventh, three things were voted, and con- cluded in parliament, i. That they fhould demand the king to be brought from his pri- L 1 fon 266 THE MEMOIRS OF fon in the Ifle of Wight, to London or there- abouts, in honour, freedom, anj^lfafety. 2. That they fhould require the Englifli to disband their feftarian army. And, 3. That religion be eftablifhed there, according to their cove- nant and treaties. Againft all which voted the marquis of Argyle, the earl of Caflils, Sir Archibald Johnfton, and but very few more; for divers, who in all things elfe were harmonious with them, differed from them upon this vote. After this, the parliament went on to de- termine the breaches of the covenant by the Englifh, that fome might be fent up to de- mand reparation thereof. In the mean time the church continued very angry; fo that from the feveral fynods convened in April, came fupplications to the parliament, that nothing might be done without the commif Hon of the general affembly. As alfo general Lefley, David Lefley, and Hepburn, figned a fupplication to that fame effeft; which gave occafion to a great many reformers to join in the contrary, and to fupplicate that the par- liament would go on, offering to venture their lives and fortunes in the caufe. In the third week of April, the commiffion of the church appeared again, and having re- gretted, that fo little refpe£l was had to the fupplications of the fynods, did themfelves prefent to the parliament a new paper, which was remitted to the committee to confider of it. And, upon April twentieth, the parliament having BISHOP GUT HRY. 267 having framed a national declaration, voted, and concluded the publiiliing thereof: In re- ference whereunto, one thing was obferved, viz. That when Sir James Lockhart motioned, that it might be exprefly in the declaration, that we ilioidd unite with none but fuch as took the covenant, the duke and his brother leemed angry with him; and would have it thus, that we iliould unite with none that took up arms to oppofe the covenant; and yet prefently they acquiefced, that it ihould be expreiled in the terms wherein Sir James had moved it. The marquis of Argyle, and his adherents, renewed their dident; and re- quired the fame to be recorded. Thereafter, in the laft week of April, it was concluded by the parliament, that the kingdom ihould be put in a pofture of war. This had been done fooner, had there not been a divifion in judgment, not only amongft the members of parliament, but generally alfo ' among the royalifts throughout the kingdom, concerning the chief command: For gene- ral Lefley, and David Lefley alfo, were a- gainft the engaging; and drew with them to that way, colonel Scot, colonelKer and Hep- burn; fo that there came only two to be talk- ed of in reference to the higheft command; the one was duke Hamilton, whofe friends contended, that it might be fettled on him; the other was the earl of Callender : Very many were for it, that he fliould be the man, being more jealous of the duke, becaufe of late emergents, viz. i . His lingering fo long L 1 2 in 268 THE MEMOIRS OF in his refolutions. 2 . His comporting with the high carriage of the commiirioners of the ge- neral alTembly. And, 3, His vote againftcen- furing the marquis of Argyle, and liis adhe- rents, for their proreHing. Thofe things be- ing added to their former grounds of preju- dice againft the duke, made that as yet they could not confentharmonioufly about thebu- finels. However, the aft of pollure being pa{Ied, the parliament did, upon April twenty- eighth, dilpatch lieutenant-colonel Marfliall to the parliament of England, with a remon- ftrance of their breaches, allowing him only to ftay ten days atLondon, and then to return, whether he got any anfwer from the parlia- ment or not. AsalfojSirMarmaduke Langdale went away, and with a party of Englifli horfe which joined him at the border, made him- felf mafter of Berwick; and Sir Philip Muf grave, at the fame time, had Carliile furren- dered to him, the people in both towns com- plyir^ willingly to admit them, whereby their towns might be ufeful to the Scots army. And upon May third, the parliament voted, and concluded a levy of 30,000 foot, and 6000 horfe; as alfo to call home major-gene- ral George Monro from Ireland, with his army, to join in the expedition, allowing them a month's pay in ready money, whereof a fortnight's pay before they embark, and the other at their landing, the lord Cochran, and the laird of Garthland, being appointed to go over for them. And the parliament, after the aft of levy, made another. That none BISHOP GUTHRY. 269 none fhould fpeak againft the procedure of the parliament, under all higheft pains. Yet did the marquis, and his adherents, prefent- \y fpeak againft the fame, and more proudly than before renew their diffent, and were not cenfured for it. And the commiflion of the church expreffed a very extreme diflike, and folemnly protefted againft all that was refolved on, fending to their feveral presbyteries co- pies of their proteftation, with a jflri£l: order ro keep, on the laft Sabbath in May, a pu- blic faft againft that courie. All which was reprefented in parliament; yet, fuch was the duke's clemency, and his brother's, that they would fuffer nothing to be faid to them, which made the jealouly which many had harboured againft them, to encreafe more and more. Yet, upon May tenth, duke Hamilton was eledVed general of the army, and after him the earl of Callender, lieutenant-general both of horfe and foot, Middleton lieutenant- general of horfe, and Bailie lieutenant-gene- ral of foot; many of the colonels, and o- ther officers as before: But one thing was thought ftrange, that albeit the marquis ol Argyle, and his adherents, had, to their ut- termoft, oppofed the aft of levy; yet they were defigned colonels in the fhires where they lived. Likewife the parliament nomi- nated a committee of war in every fhire for promoting the levies : And, upon the eleventli of May, the parliament (having appointed the grand committee of twenty-four, to rule in 270 T H E M E M O I R S O F in the mean time) adjourned itfelf till the firll of June, whereby the noblemen, and o- thers that had commifTions, might retire home, 3nd go about their levies: And, at their parting, were refrefhed with good news; viz. I. That the duke of York, who had been the parliament's prifoner, in the cuftody of the earl of Northumberland, was efcaped, and now (kfely arrived beyond fea. And, 2. That in the north of England great num- bers had joined Sir Marmaduke Langdale, and Sir Philip Mufgrave, whereby they were like to become a confiderable army. But tlie commidion of the church conti- nued highly difpleafed with the conclufion pafled in parliament; in token whereof, fo fooii as the grand committee (ate, they pre- fented to them a refutation of the parliament's declaration; and afterwards fent the lame to the ieveral presbyteries, together with a flrift order, that no minifter fliould read from the pulpit the laid declaration; nor in any fort comply in promoting levies, under pain of higheft ceniure. So foon as the parliament rofe, the oppo- fers of the levies went ftraight home, to em- ploy themfelves in obflrufting the fame: But the marquis of Argyle ilaid a day longer in Edinburgh, giving inftru£lions to major Stra- chan, whom they fent up to Cromwell. His errand was at firft kept clofe; but fhortly af- ter it broke out, how it was to defire Crom- well to fend a party to Scotland, with which the oppofers of the engagement might join for BISHOP GUTHRY. 271 for making a divifioii. This was reprefented in the grand committee, as a matter to be ta- ken notice of; but the duke flighted it, af- firming to have certain intelligence, that the fifing, near London, by the lords Capel, Go- ring, and others, gave Fairfax fo much diver- fion; and the other in Wales, by Poyer, &:c. the fame to Cromwell ; that there was no caufe of fear from England ; and fo no cen- fure was inflicted for that correlpondence: And the duke, immediately after it was re- folved, retired to Hamilton, to look after his private affairs, having appointed the grand committee to fit neverthelefs in his ablence. The marquis of Argyle, fo foon asStrachan was fafely gone, went over to Fife, to deal with the gentry there, not only to Ihnd out, but to be in a readinefs to rife upon the o- ther account, whenever the call fnould be gi- ven. And having engaged Fife, he went next to Stirling-fhire, where he found not the like fuccefs. For none of the gentry in that fhire complied with him, except the laird oi Buchanan, and Sir William Bruce of Stane- houfe, with very few more, and thole of the inferior fort. From thence, upon May t went}''- firft, the marquis removed to Dumbarton- (hire, where he eafily prevailed, in regard the people thereof lying under his feet, muft always be at his devotion; and from thence he bailed to a meeting with the lord chancel lor, the earls of CaiTils and Eglinton, Mr. Da- vid Diekfoi), and fome other minifters, which was held at Eglinton's houfe, upon Monday, May 272 THE MEMOIRS OF May twenty-ninth, and there having given them an account of the inftru£iions he had given to major Strachan, and of the fuccefs he had in pafTrng through the fhires, they parted, and he went home to Argyle, to en- gage his own people and the iiles. By this time colonel Mariliall was returned, whofe report to the committee was, That the parliament of England faid they would fend their anfwer to their own commifTioners, who refided here. Thofe were the earls of Not- tingham and Stanford; for thefe whom the lower houle had fent, viz. Mr. Aflihurft and Mr. Waller, had returned home in April, and with them Mr. Marfhall. The firft report of difobedienCe to the levy, which the committee received, was from Glafgow; for remedy whereof, colonel William Urry, and colonel James Turner, who now had gotten Hepburn's regiment, were fent weft to ly at Glalgow, until both city and country fliould give obedience. The people of Glafgow, being difaife£ted, uied them fo unkindly, that they were obliged to carry themlelves more rudely than otherwife they would. Whereupon the people had that confidence, as to fend two of their bailies to Edinburgh, to complain of them to the com- mittee of eflates, who, for undertaking fuch a commiifion, were imprifoned, and the reft of the magiftrates that had fent them, cited to appear before the committee. This was done in the abfence of the duke; and, by it, the people of Glafgow were fo frighted, that they BISHOP GUTHR Y.^273 they promifed hearty obedience in putting out their levy, which neverthelefs they did not perform. The next occurrence was, that the wives of Edinburgh began to appear upon the ftreet again, and to a£t as at the beginning, abu- fing the members of the Committee upon the ftreet ; yea, upon May twenty-ninth, they aflaulted their own provoft fo furioufly, that he was forced to retire into his houie for fhelter, and for fome days after kept within, and durft not appear. Upon May thirty-firft, the lords and o- ther members of parliament returned, except the marquis of Argyle, the earls of Caffils and Eglinton, and lome others of their ftamp; and the duke entering at the Weft-port, rode through the town to Holyroodhoufe, accom- panied with 400 horfe: And the next day, June firft, the lords and gentry, having gone betimes to falute his grace, he chole to walk on foot with them to the parliament-houfe, where, in the way, fome wives, who before had affaulted the provoft, made bold to a- bufe the duke himfelf, and threw ftones at him : Among whom the ringleader was one firnamed Kelty, who being fearched for by the magiftrates, hid herfelf, but her husband was imprifoned, till he fliould produce her. The parliament being allembled, there ap* peared many minifters and gentlemen from Fife, and the weftern ihires, to fupplicate a- gainft the levy, whom Lothian, Balraerino, Burleigh., and Warifton, afllfted. The fup- M-.m plica- 274 THE MEMOIRS OF plications were referred to the grand commit- tee of twenty-four; to the which, in regard of the abfence of fome, were added three more of every eilate, viz. Of the nobihty, Dunferm- line, Bahnerino, andBargenny; of the gentry, Clerkinton, Manner, and Tillibodie; and of the burghs, James Lentron of St. Andrews, John Ouchterlony of Aberbrothock, and A- lexander Strang for Forfar. The committee having confidered thofe fupplications, reje£led them; and, upon June feventh, gave in to the commiirionof the church, by the earls ofCraw- furd and Lauderdale, a declaration, which did no ways fatisfy them; and therefore the next day, in their wrath, they removed Crawfurd out of their commiffion, wherein hitherto he had fate as a ruling elder, giving that for a chief reafon for it, becaufe he had not yet made his repentance for the intended combat betwixt him and the marquis of Ar- gyle. Thereafter the commiffion of the kirk gave over any farther treating with the par- liament, as alfo fent unto the feveral presby- teries, an aft, ordaining all minifters to preach againft the engagement, under pain of depo- fition: The parliament made an aft to the contrary, but the moft part of minifters o- beyei the will of the commiflion, becaufe they knew they were in earneft; but for the parliament they knew not fo well what they meant. And indeed, when fuch as did not obey the commiflion, came afterwards to be profecuted for it, they found little fympathy from the parliament-men. BISHOP GUT HRY. 275 By this lime, the colonels Urry, and Tur- ner, lent word to the parliament, that thofe in the weft country, who oppofcd the levy, were like to draw to a head ; whereupon the earl of Callender and Middleton were ap- pointed to hafte weft ward with more forces. After which the parliament being certified, that, except in the weft and Fife, the levy was in all other /hires perfe£led, and the regi- ments ready to march; therefore haftened to a conclulion, and the laft a£ts done in it were thefe: The magiftrates of Glaigow, that had been imprifoned in the duke's abfence, were enlarged, and difcharged, without cen- I'ure. That woman, firnamed Kelty, who had thrown ftones at the duke, was pardon- ed. And it being prelTed by fome of- the mem- bers, that Argyle's late trafficking through the lliires, and difpatching major Strachan to Cromwell, might be taken notice of, the motion was quaftied; and, inftead of cen- fure, he was, by a courteous letter from the parHament, invited to come and embrace his place of a colonel in the army. But the next was worft of all; for, from the beginning of the parHament to this time, nothing had been moved concerning the mar- quis of Huntley, notwithftanding his friends did frequently importune the duke concern- ing him; and fo it was concluded, that his deferring of it was to make his enlargement the laft aft of parliament, knowing how ac- ceptable it would be to all true royalifts, that the nobleman who had beeii kept fo long M m 2 clofe 276 THE MEMOIRS OF clofe in a {linking jail, fliould now recover his liberty : But ail that was determined anent him was, that his prifon fhould be changed from the tolbooth to the caftle, whereby he might have a more wholeforne air: This was very hardly conftru^led, that now, when, in the abfence of the marquis of Argyle, and his adherents, the duke had fuch a power in the houfe, that he might do what he pleaf ed, the forefaid nobleman had found no more favour; and indeed men could not fee what other defign there could be in it, but to gra- tify the Argilian fa£lion, by continuing him under reftraint; that when they fhould reco- ver their power again, they might cut off his head, which, at length, came to pais. Upon Saturday, June tenth, the parlia- ment rofe, having firft appointed the next parliament to meet in March i 650, and alio having appointed a grand committee to rule in the mean time, with ample power in all emergents ; as alfo, pro re nata, to call a parliament before the appointed diet ; nine of the committee to make a quorum at home, and feven with the army; and, in matters of moment, the two committees to corre- fpond.. In relation to this model of the com- mittee of ertates, one thing was remarked by thofe who w^^'-e poffefTed with prejudice a- gainf*^ the duke; and it was, that his grace would needs have the marquis of Argyle, and his adherents, nominated members of the com- mittee, notwithfranding they had openly de- ferted the parliament, and were aftually em- ployed BISHOP GUT HRY. 277 ployed in ftirring up difobedience thereto. This, with many former things, was the oc- j^«jafion that now, at the clofe of the parlia- ment, the jealoufy which royalifts had of the duke, began to increafe, and grow more uni- verfal, than at the firft fitting down thereof. NevertheJefs, the noblemen, and others in office, haftened home, to bring forth their regiments, that againrt: the end of that month, the army might be drawn to the fouth borders. And by this time the earl of Callender and Middleton, with their forces, were gotten as far as Paifley, and having appointed a ren- dezvous of their regiments, together with Turner's and Urry's, at Stewarton, upon the twelfth of June, they were informed there, that a great multitude were already in arms againft them at Mauchlin ; whereupon Middle- ton and Urry were fent thither with fix troops of horfe, to require them to disband, and give obedience to the king and parliament. The reafon why they carried with them no greater forces, was becaufe the earls of Glencairn and Eglinton, having come to falute the earl of Cal- lender, affured him, that their number was not confiderable; yet, notwithftanding what thofe earls had faid, Middleton found thern 2000 foot, and 500 horfe; and thereupon polled a medenger away prefently for more forces to be fent him. The chief commanders of the weftern peo- ple, were fome minifters, viz. Mr. William Adair, Mr. William Guthry, Mr. Gabriel Maxwell, and Mr. John Nevoy, old Cant's nephew. i-j^ THE MEMOIRS OF nephew. They parlied with Middleton, and would needs fight it, and fo would their milled people, efpecially 600 of duke Hamilton's men of Evandale andLefmahago, who, having rifen at his very elbow, and at the time when he was at Hamilton, were moft violent of any. The fight lalled not long; Middleton, in an inrtant, put them all to the rout, eighty of them being killed upon the place, the rell were taken prifoners, except a very few that eicaped by flight. The prifoners were all let at liberty, without any hazard of fuffer- ing, except three foldiers of fortune, whom a council of war condemned to die, yet were thofe alio, at the requeft of fome ladies, par- doned; and fo no execution followed upon the vi£lory, which had not been the cuitom in former times, when any that fought for the king happened to fall into the enemy's hands. Shortly after that viftory, came intelligence, that Lambert, with 2000 horfe, had come as far as Carlille, but fince he heard of the de- feat his friends had gotten at Mauchlin, was retired fouthward again. This gave many occafion to talk of major Strachan's meflage to Cromwell, although the duke flighted it, and to conjecture that Lambert's coming northward, was to have joined them, if the defeat had not intervened; which was the more probable, in regard the marquis of Ar- gyle had caufed Ardkinglas to draw his re- giment, againft that time, to Down in Mon- teith, whereby, if that fight in the weft had profpered, they might prefently have poffef- fed BISHOP GUTHRY. 279 fed themfelves of the town and bridge of Stir- ling, which the parliament had no ways fecur- ed, and fo by making that pals fecure, the peo pie of Fife might have had a fafe and ealy march towards them. However, let the plot be what it would, Middleton's viftory diiap- pointed it; whereupon the gentry in the welt entered into ftri^l bonds to obey the aft for putting forth their levies, but neither did they afterwards perform the fame, nor were they queftioned by the committee of eftates for de- ficiency. So matters were carried. The weft being quieted, the earl of CaJlender, Middleton, and the reft, drew their forces fouthward, to join the army, which by that time was got together near the borders. Upon Saturday, July eighth, the Scots army marched forward to England, and next day had the town of Carlifle delivered to them, where Sir William Livingfton of Weft- quarter was made governor under the earl of Callender; and Berwick being lliortly after delivered up alfo, Lodovick Lelley was ap- pointed governor thereof under duke Ha- milton. Major-general George Monro had arrived by this time from Ireland, with 2000 foot, and 1 000 horfe, and went ftraight after the army to England. Upon July twelfth, the general affembly met at Edinburgh, and Mr. George Gillefpie was eiefted moderator. It was nov/ expefted, when there was an army on foot, unto which they.lKid been bold to make fuch oppofition, they 28o THE MEMOIRS OF they fhoiild have behaved very moderately: Yet never had any adembly carried Co highly and arbitrarily, as this did. Their firft bruih was with the committee of eftates, and it was upon this occafion. A committee having been nominated by the aflembly, to revife the proceedings of the late commifTion, and being ready, upon Monday the feventeenth, to make their report; in the mean time there came from the committee of eflates, the earl of Glencairn, Sir James Carmichael treafurer- deputy, and Archibald Sydeierf bailie of E» dinburgh, and defired, that before the af fembly fliould proceed to approve the late commiflion, the committee of the eftates might firft be heard. Some honeft men in the * afTembly, who looked no farther than appear- ance, expefted there fhould have been a de- bate in earneft; but more intelligent royalifts took it only for an amufement, to hide the collufion which was among the great ones on both fides. However, the adembly granted their defire, and fo deferred the bufinefs till next morning at ten o'clock, againft which time they undertook to bring in a complaint. x\nd returning at that time, upon new pre- texts, they craved a farther delay, till four o'clock in the afternoon, which being alfb granted, they did at that diet appear; and then, without any the leaft debate, parted gallantly from making any acculation; which, tho' it furprized the fimpler fort, was no o- ther than men, who ufed to ftudy their ways, looked for at their hands. So the commif- (ion BISHOP GUTHRY. 281 Hon of the preceding affembly was approved with triumph. And then a declaration was framed, and put forth by the adembly, a- gainft the army, proving the finfnlnefs and unlawfulnefs of the engagement. And that being done, a new commilfion, confifting of the fame perfons, with little alteration, was eftablifhed for that year. And left that commiflion fhould not be able to reach all the minifters whom they meant to depofe; therefore, befides it, there were other three commiflions appointed, under the name of vifitations, whereof one to depofe in the presbyteries of Stirling and Dunblain; another for the presbyteries of Dunfe and Chirnfidej and the third for Caithnefs and Orkney. And, to make all fure, there was an a£l palled in the adembly, that if any mi- nifter, whom they fentenced, fhould after- wards uplift or receive any part of his fli- pend, he fhould, for that crime, be excom- municated. As alfo, to the end, thofe vlfi- tants might not fcruple to depofe iuch as they had a mind to be quit of, vvhatfoever their a- bilities or defervings were, the affembly fee them a copy, by filencing two minifters at Edinburgh, viz. Mr. Andrew Ramfay, and Mr. William Colvil; who, for their eminence in learning, diligence in their caUing, and ftriftnefs in their converfation, were orna- ments to the church of Scotland. Alfo the alTembly did, at the fame time, open the mouth of one John Gillan to preach the go- fpel. though ne was but a poor ignorant N n plough- 282 THE MEMOIRS OF ploughman, whofe greateft proficiency in learning was, that he could read Englilli. And then the aflembly rofe, with much lefs applaufe than any that had formerly been. Towards the end of July, Sir William Fle- ming returned from the prince, and having brought with him much ammunition, and o- ther military furniture for the army, the fame, by the committee's order, was carried to the caftle to be kept there, that they might be fure not to have it at command; that place being in the power of General Lefley, who dilfembled not his adhering to the other party. Againft Auguft fifth, Sir William was di(^ patched, and with him went the earl of Lau- derdale, to invite the prince to come to Scot- land, who then with his navy lay in the Downs. So foon as it came to be noifed, that Lau- derdale was embarked, the royalifts called him a ventrous man, who would hazard to go to the prince, having been fo aftive againft the king: For they prefumed, that the prince could not be ignorant, how for the fpace of four years he had refided conftantly at Lon- don, fomenting the combination betwixt the two parliaments, and never returned until he had left the king a clofe prifoner in Caris- brook-caftle, and until the vote of No Addref- fes had paft againft him. And they pleafed themfelves with conjeftures, what the prince's deportment would be to him. But ere long, contrary to their expeftations, news came, that the prince made him welcome, and ufed him BISHOP GUTHRY. 233 him with familiarity and refpcft cnoucrh ■ which put them to a ftand. And by that time intelligence was brought from the army, how at Appleby they had /kirmifhed with Lambert, and therein had the advantage: And that thereupon Lambert re- tired (outhward, and that the Scots army followed to Lancailiire, where the town oC Vreilon was the head-quarters; but that, withal, quartered fo wide, that betwixt the van and rear of the army, was thirty-eight miles; and that, moreover, they fuffered not George Monro, and his forces, to come up, but kept them always behind, to bring for- ward the Scots cannon, which in number were five. The chancellor, the marquis of Arg)4e, the earls of Calllls and Eglinton, were all the while bu(y at home, preparing the people to be in a pofture, againil the ruin or liirrender- ing of the Scots army, whereof they profei- fed openly not to doubt. And the certainty of their llickling in the weft, coming to be known by the committee of eflates at Edin- dinburgh, they concluded a prelent levy of three regiments of horfe for fupprelling them, and nominated all the officers thereof, and the earl of Lanark to command them in chief: Such was the loyalty of the gentry, whom they made rout-mafters, and the forwardnefs of the inferior fort to do fervice, that thofe three regiments were very foon in readinefs. But, in the mean time, Cromwell having quieted Wales, came up to Lambert, and, N n 2 upon 284 THE MEMOIRS OF upon Thurfday, Auguft feventeenth, both fell in upon Sir Marmaduke Langdale, and his people; who fought it well, but in the end were beaten, in regard they were over- powered; and alfo their ammunition failed; and having fent to the duke and earl of Callendcr, for a fupply of forces and ammu- nition, the fame was refuted them, upon a pretext that it was but a fkirmifh, and that Langdale's ambition was iuch, that he meant to have the whole glory of the bufincfs. The next morning Cromwell and Lambert aflault- ed the Scots, and made them know it was more than a llvirmifli; the Scots army never came together, being fo wide quartered, and many of the commanders alfo were fick of their lail night's furfeit, which, with o- ther neglefts, helped Cromwell to an ealy vi(5lory, Major-general Bailie, at the firft, furrendered himlelf, and 1 0,000 foot, prifo- foners; the reft of them ftraggled northwards towards Monro: And, for the horfe, the duke and Callender, with the reft of the ge- neral officers (except Middleton, who made the beft defence of any, and was taken upon the place) and 3000 horfe fled together in a body; while the reft marched away in fmali parties; and fo many of them as got off, join- ed themfelves to George Monro, who having always kept behind, efcaped this fcouring. Shortly after, the duke, with the other general officers in his company, and all their body of horfe, were taken prifoners; only the earl of Callender, difguifinghimfelf, efcaped, and went BISHOP GUTHRY. 285 went over to Holland. So that army, which was one of the greateft and beft furniilied that ever Scotland fent forth, having been a year in preparing, was ruined in an inftant; which created the lefs aftonifliment at home, in regard that obferving men (who had given themfelves time to think, and remark the management of bufmefs, fince the firft mo- tion of a levy) expe£led no better would come of it. However, the firft confequence of it with- in Scotland was, that upon the knoM'ledge thereof, the weftlanders began to ftir: For u number of the earl of Eglinton's people drew together, under the command of Ro- bert Montgomery his fon, and fell upon a troop of Lanerk's, quartered in thoie bounds, and killed fome, and routed the reft : The report whereof coming to the committee of e- ftates at Edinburgh, it was refolved prefently to call forth all the fencible men in the kingdom, for fupprefling the weftern infurreftion. And, for a general to command them, it being much debated in the committee, Crawfurd-Lind- fay prefident thereof, propofed Lanerk ; and 'd\\ the Hamiltonian faftion, except the earl of Roxburgh, were for him; but others op- pofed it to their utmoft, and inclined to the earl of Marftiall. But the queftion being put to the vote, the earl of Lanerk, by the plu- rality, carried the employment, being io loth to have mifted it, that he voted for hlmfelf, which is not very ordinary. And he beJng made 286 THE MEMOIRS OF made general, all men expefted he fhould have marched to the wefl, to (iippreis that iniuH'eftion, which might eafily have been done, in regard none were as yet in arms, but thole men of Eglinton's, commanded by colonel Robert; and that Lanerk had in rca- dinefs thole three regiments of horfe, which had been levied before the defeat; befides many others that hourly joined him. But, inftead thereof, he turned to Eaft-Lothian, and from thence to the fouth border, profef- fmg it was to meet with George Monro, and his forces, who were upon their retreat home- wards. By Lanerk's thus retiring to the fouth, all the weltlanders had a fair and peaceable op- portunity to rife: So that the whole ihires of Kyle, Cuningham, Renfrew, Clydeldale, Evandale, and Lelinahago, joined together, to the number of 6000 men, and marched forward towards Edinburgh, having at their l>ead, Loudoun the chancellor, and Eglin- ton, with Mr. David Dickfon, and the rell i}f the minifters in thofe parts. The earl of Caflils, who brought forth the people of Carrick and Galloway, was not yet in readi- nels; neither was the marquis of Argylewith his men. Amongft all that headed this infurredion, there was none fo generally abhorred as Lou- doun the chancellor, not only in regard of his ingratitude to the king (who, in the year 1 64 1, railed him from the rank of a lord, to the title 0^ earl, and preferred him to be high- BISHOP GUTHRY. 287 liigh-chancellor; and farther, gave him the yearly penfion of 1 000 1. Sterhng, and alio the beft part of the whole annuities through- out the kingdom; but much more becaufe of his late treachery to his majefly, who having, at the lile of Wight, been a prime inllrument in perluading him to refufe treating with the parliament of England, and to call himlelf upon the Scots; and that now, when by fo doing, his majefty could hope for no favour from the Englifli, he did then fall from the arfurance then given by him and the other commiffioners to his majefty, and, inftead of afTifting the army, raifed in reference there- to, did now, after the fame had got a defeat by ftrangers, head a lawlefs multitude, to oppofe and cut off the remainder thereof. However, the weftlanders advanced to- wards Edinburgh, unto whom went Sir James Lockhart of Lee, and Sir Adam Hepburn of Humbie, two dependents on the Hamiltons, and on that account great committee-men, to meet with them, and to draw on a treaty be- twixt Lanerk the new general, and them. As alfo when they drew nigh to the city, fome of the magiflrates and minivers thereof, went out to welcome them, and condu<^ted rhem towards the ^own, where the gates were caft open, and they received with joy : Where- upon Crawfurd and Glencairn, who till then had ftaid in Holyroodhoufe, waiting for Lee's and Humbie's return, did remove, and go fouthward to the general. By i88 THE MEMOIRS OF By this time the marquis of Argyle, having levied the fev*? men of his country, which then were extant, the moft thereof having been deftroyed by Montrofc and Macdonald, came forward; and, on his way, wrote to the gentry of Lenox and Stirhng-fliire, to at- tend and rendezvous near Dumbarton, upon the eighth day of September. And yet when the day was come, his numbers were fmall, amounting in the whole but to 600 foot and 100 horfe, whereof only 300 were his own; the remnant being country people of Lenox and the weft end of Stirling-fhire, who joined him, to efchew being plundered. After his rendezvous, the marquis marched eaftward, and, upon September eleventh quartered his men at Gargunnock. Before this time, Monro, with his army, and many more, who having efcaped at Prefton, had joined him, was returned to the borders, and united with Lanerk, and acknowledged him for their general. Likewife Sir James Til- deiley, with 1000 Englifh horfe, who, fince rhe defeat, had kept together in a body, came thither, and defired to be admitted to join with them. This offer of 1000 horfe, was no defpicable help, if they had intended a« lotion; yctLanerk refufed the fame, alledging/ it would be a reafon to draw Cromwell into Scotland. And fo thofe Englifh gentlemen were rejected, and left to take fuch quarters as Cromwell would pleafe to give them ; and Lanerk and Monro, with their forces, came north- BISHOP GUTHRY. 289 northward to Haddington, and from thence towards Edinburgh. The chancellor and Eglinton, with their weftern people, faced them upon the craigs by weft the town ; and it was (aid, that George Monro dedred to fight them^ which, had it been fo reiolved by Lanerk and his commit- tee, might, probably, have obtained an ealy victory; not only becaufe their ftrength was confiderable, being above 4000 horle, and as many foot, of expert foldiers, but alfo in regard the weftlanders, though not much in- ferior in number, were all poor ignorant crea- tures, taken from their husbandry, and brought forth only to make a fhow, as alfo multitudes of them every day running home to get in their harvefl. But Lanerk, with Crawfurd and Glencairn, refolved not to fight; and, inftead thereof, concluded to go weltward, and polTefs themfelves of the town and bridge of Stirling, whereby they might fecure that pals for the forces they expected from the north. So upon Monday, September eleventh, they marched forward to Linlith- gow; and, in the mean time, the earl of Caf* (lis, vi'ith the people of Carrick and Galloway, reckoned 800 horfe, had, for that night, tak- en up their quarters in the town, where they might, probably, have been furprized^ had not fome friend (and, as the conftant re-- port went, it was Crawfurd-Lindfay) fent them word to withdraw. Whereupon, leav- ing their fupper at the fire, they marched a* way to the Qiieensferry, and Lanerk and O o Mon* 290 THE MEMOIRS OF Monro's army coming thither, fared the bet- ter for their being there before them. Next clay, September twelfth, the mar- quis of Argyle and his people, not knowing of their intention to come thither, entered Stirling, about eleven o'clock, where the marquis put his people to feveral pods, placing fome at the bridge, and the rell at the Bur- ' rows-Gate, and the Burrows-Mill; then went to the tolbooth, and held a committee with his officers, calling in the magiftrates to take care for providing entertainment for his men : And having difpatched that affair, went next to have dined with the earl of Mar. But v^hile the meat was fetting on the table, his lordfliip was alarmed with the ap- proach of Monro's army; whereupon he prefently mounted, his horfe, and taking his way by Stirling-bridge, fled with fuch fpeed, as if his enemies had been at his heels, and never looked behind him, until, after eigh- teen miles riding, he reached the north Queensferry, and there pofTeiTed himfelf of a boat again, now the fourth time. The poor men whom he had left at Stirling-bridge, being above an hundred, were all cut off; which fell out upon this occafion. Monro, when he was advanced on his march, within two miles of Stirling, hearing that the mar- quis ha J poffeffed himfelf of that place, (laid not to confult with Lanerk and his commit- tee, who happened to be behind with the foot, but prefently made forward at a fwifter rate than before, and getting intelligence, whea BISHOP GUTHRY. 291 when he drew near the town, that the mar- quis vvas upon his flight by the bridge, rode quickly towards it, hoping, to have catched bim, but he was gone long before, and the poor creatures, who kept poll: there, were become fo confounded with the fuddennefs cf his withdrawing, that when Monro ap- proached them, ihey had not fo much ufe of judgment and reafon, as once to cry for quarter; but, inftead thereof, following their lord's example, although not with the fame (uccefs, they all fled on the fudden, and at- tempted to have delivered themfelves by fpecd of foot, wherein their hopes failed them; for Monro's troopers foon overtook them, and cut them all in pieces: None of them efcaped falling by the fword, except luch as, to avoid It, threw themfelves into the river, and were drowned. The refl: of the marquis's men, who kept port at the Burrows-Gate, and Burrows-Mill, had bet- ter fortune : For Lanerk, Glencairn, and Crawfurd-Lindfay, with the foot army, en- tering the town that way, did, before Mon- ro's return from the execution at the bridge, give them all quarter^ whereby they, being about five hundred men, became prifoners, and were kept, the one half of them in the tolbooth, and the other in the kirk. That very day, the weftern army followed weft- ward, and at night reached Falkirk; and with them David Lefley, colonel Ker, Hep- burn, and other foldiers of fortune, that nov/ had joined them, befides additional helps they O o 2 had 292 THE MEMOIRS OF had from clivers of the gentry of Fife, and many more from the fouth, efpecially from the earl of Buccleiigh, and his friends of the name of Scot. Lanerk, Crawfurd, and Glencairn, being fettled in Stirlmg, did prefently convene their committee, wherein they expreffed no fmall grief for Argyle's men, whom Monro had cut off: But he, not knowing what they could mean thereby, was fo far from repenting, that, inftead thereof, he propof- ed a new motion, which vexed them more; and it was, that he might be allowed, the next morning, to march to Falkirk, and de- ftroy the weftern army, which he thought was very feafible, as indeed it was: But that they abhorred; and left he fliould have made bold, without their allowance, to at- tempt it, they prevented the fame, by pre- fently ordering all the horfe to crofs Stirling- bridge, and to quarter on the north fide of Forth, from the caftle of Down to Burnt- ifland; where there was betwixt their van and their rear twenty-eight miles: Yet in this wide quarter, fo were they divided by general Lanerk and his committee's order, that a greater burden thereof, by far, was put upon the lordfliip of Alloa, than any o- ther place; for there remained there for the fpace of feventeen days Robert Lefley's regi- ment, together with another that belonged to Monro's command, and utterly deftroyed both the corn and cattle of that lord/hip. The loyalty of the houfe of Mar procured to BISHOP GUTHRY. 293 to themfelves that compliment, even from thofe who profefTed to beagling for the king, befides the many fuch ftroaks they had for- merly gotten from the other party: And this, by all men, was eftcemed the more ab- furd, in regard that, in the mean time, the lord Erfkine was actually employed in their fervice, levying his people in Mar and Ga- rioch for their aid and luccour. But the next day's work difcovered lome people lo, that neither that, nor ?ny of their former aftings, were any more wondered at : For, whereas it was expefted by all, that fomething fliould have been attempted againll the enemy, in- ftead thereof, their bulinefs was to nominate and difpatch commifiioners to Woodfide, to treat for an accommodation. This was in- terpreted to be the fruit of Lee's and Hum- bie's negotiation with the weftern army, when at firft they were on their march to\N ards E- dinburgh : And fo, although when Lanerk and his committee relolved to retire to Stir- ling, they pretended it was to make good that pafs for the forces they expected from the north, yet now people conceived the true rcafon was, that they being in Stirling, and the other army at Falkirk, they might have a commodious opportunity for treating: And therefore, that being the thing projected, none thought it ftrange that they declined fighting near Edinburgh; nor that they were difatif- fied at what Monro had done at Stirling-bridge; and that they would by no means be confent- Jng, that ^he fliould go to Falkirk the next day. 294 THE MEMOIRS OF day, and fall upon them there. Upon Wed- nefday, September thirteenth, they commif- Jlonated to repair to Woodfide for treating, the earls of Crawfurd-Lindfay andGIencairn, with two colonels, viz. Colonel Hamilton of Innerwick, and colonel Home: Monro op- poied it; but, neverthelefs, it was carried by the plurality of the committee, and lo they went away at eleven o'clock. Yet none appeared that day at Woodfide from the weflern army; the reafon vvhereof was (aid to be, that the marquis of Argyle, having that morning come up to them, told them of Monro's carriage at Stirling-bridge; and they not knowing but that Lancrk, and the reft of the lords, with whom they were on terms of treating, might have been accef fary to it, efteemed it fuch a breach, that they could not treat with them, until they cleared themfelves thereof: Whereupon the treaters fent a mefTage to them from Wood- fide, whereby they vindicated themfelves in reference to that emergent, and delired that next day they might fend lome of their num- ber there, and fo for that night returned to Stirling. Next day, being the fourteenth, they went again to Woodfide; and from the other army there came to treat with them^ the earl of Caffds, Sir Archibald Johnfton, Mr. R,obert Barclay, burgefs of Irvine, and four minifters, viz. Mr. Robert Douglas, Mr. Robert Blair, Mr. James Guthry, and Mr. James Nafmith:- They remained all to- gether that night at Woodfide, and next day, Septeni' BISHOP GUTHRY. 295 September fifteenth, concluded the treaty oa thcle terms, viz. The Hamikons, and their adherents (referring all matters civil to a par- liament, which was to be called before Ja- nuary tenth, and matters eccledaftical to an aHembly) accepted this afTnrance, that the other fide fliould neither harm them, nor in- tice others to harm them, or any that adhered to them; and upon thele terms both the ar- mies, with all the garrifons in the kingdom, to be disbanded againil the twenty-ninth of that month, or, at fartheft, before Oftober fifth ; and all prifoners which had been tak- en at home, to be enlarged. But nothing at all mentioned about priioners taken in England, yea, nor concerning the king, who 1, 253, 254, 256, 25-7, 25-8, 265-, 271, 289, 296, 301, eleded prefident of the parliament that met, March 1648, ZS9. Charles, kuig, fucceeds his father king James VI. 8. rc' folves to maintain the church-government in Scot- land, which his father had eftablifhed, 9. comes to Scotland to hold his firft parliament, intheyear 1633. 10. checks the lord Rothes concerning the petition of the Presbyterians for redrefs of grievances, ii'iJ- reprieves and pardons the lord Balmerino, condemn- ed by his peers, for tiiat paper, 12. confers the of- fice of chancellor upon the archbilhop of St. Andrews, which irritates the lord Lorn againit his intereft, and the bilhops, 14. prefers billiops by intereft and com- mendation, and not by merit, contrary to the pra- ctice of his father king James, 16. commands the Scots bilhops to go about the forming of a liturgy, by advice of Dr. Laud, 18, 19. which being objetJted to by fome of the old bifhops, as not fo proper at that time, the king commands them at all hazards to pro- ceed in it, 20. and in his anfwer to the letter of the privy council, orders the fervice-book, by a procla- mation at the mercat-crofs, to be read in Edinburgh, and the other places adjacent, which creates a mob in the town, 28. on information of the afFairs of Scot- land at that time, he orders up the lord treafurer, privy-feal, and lord Lorn, to confult with them what to do, and, after conference, fends down the marquis of Hamilton, commiffioner, with power to fettle all, 36. would not detain the lord Lorn, tho' advifed to it by the earl of Argyle his father, ii>id. allows the lord commiffioner to call a parliament and alFembly, provided the covenanters fhould firft condefcend to Ibme preparatory articles, 42. orders at length the commiffioner, with the council, to fubfcribe the na- tional covenant, difcharge the fervice-book, &c. which afforded great joy to all moderate men, 43. upon hav- ing received a letter from the general afTembly, he convenes the Scots council at London, to aik their o- pinion about it, 5"0, ^i. which having received, he writes a letter to the council at Edinburgh, telling that he would be at York foon, and would then call the INDEX. the Scots council there to advife with, ibiJ. could not be induced to take any hard courfe with Tra-' quair, tho' accufed by the bifliops of treachery, yj. raifes an army at York, ibid, and comes the length of Berwick, <^8. enters upon, and concludes, a treaty there with the Scots army at their iuppiication, 5-8, 59. much offended that his proclamation, ordering the army, after the pacification, to disband, \v2<: pro- telled againft by Tome of the nobility in the Scots army, ibid, orders 14 of the Scots to repair to his court at Berwick, to confult about the way of his coming toScotland to hold the parliament and alTembiy in perfon, 60, 61. and, upon fome of them not coming up, is fo ill fatisfied, that he returned to London, 61, 62. is thought to hav'e gained over Montrofe to his interert, at Berwick, 6^. orders the commiffioner to difTolve the parliament, and repair to court, 67, 66. grants a protedtion to the Scots commifnoiiers to re- pair to London, 67. commands the magiftrates of E- dinburgh, to take care to get conveyed into the caftle I'ome men and ammunition that were fent do^vn by fea, ibid, refufes to hear tlic Scots commifTioncrs, bu: defires them to give in writing what they had to fay to Traquair, 68. calls a parliament to meet in Aprir, 1640, to get affiftance to chafUfc the Scots, ibid, at meeting of the parliament, he informs them of the proceedings of the Scots, and produces a letter ligncd by many of the nobility to the French king fur his ailiftance, 6^. but difTolves the parliament, without coming unto any conclufion about Scotland, 7 1 . writes to fome of the lords of the privy council, to prorogue the Scots parliament a month longer, but was not o- beyed, ibid, his moderate expreffion In relation to the earl of Haddington's death, 84. receives a fup- plication for redrefs of grievances, when at York, from the general and his committee, and defires them to let down their demands in particular, 85. receives, at the fame time, a fupplication from Ibme Englifh peers, craving a parliament for redrefs of grievances, with which he is much afTcdled, 86, is in good terms with the Scots commiflioners at London? but, by their conduiit in the earl of Strafford's affair, had foon caufe to change his opinion, 91. advifes the lords of the INDEX. the council, and the magiftrates of Edinburgh, ofhi^ coming to Scotland, 91. arrives at Holyroodhoufe, 98. and fome days after came to the parliament, where he conftantly fate, ibid, yields, aind agrees to every thing that is propofed, by which fbme defigning men are difappointed, 100. prevails upon the parliament to continue to fit, thd' the marquis of Hamilton, and the earl of Argyle, out of fome difguft, had left it, 10 1. would not declare thefe two noblemen rebels, but in- vites them to return, much againft the mind of the royalifts, ibid, a fhort account of the favours and pre- ferments bellowed by him, when in Scotland, on the nobility and gentry there, 102, — 107. for which he has the thanks and acknowledgments of both, not only on their own account, but for giving full fatif- faftion to the nation in all things concerning religion and liberty, 107, 108. after hiving feafted the nobi- bility, fets out for London, 108. and when gone, is refledled upon as too liberal in bellowing his favours upon his enemies, 108, 109. goes to the ho'ufe of commons, and demands five of their members, 1 13. this declared a breach by thehoufe, upon which the mob became fo tumultuous, that he is obliged to withdraw, firlt to Hampton-court, and afterwards to Windfbr,//i/Vi to beget a good underftanding with the parliament a- gain, otFeis not only to pafs from his demand of the members, but alfo to yield up the cinque ports, mili- tia, &c. il'iJ. thefe concelfions not fufficient to recon- cile the difference, ibiJ: he flrongly fufpedts that the Scots commidioners are incendiaries between him and his parliament, iliid. grants his afTent for the parlia- ment's fitting as long as they pleafed, by which he diverts himfelf of all his authority, 113, 114. goes fiorth the length of York, ibid, being calumniated, as having authorized the Irifh rebellion, in vindication, offers to go over in perfon, and hazard his life, but is oppofed by the parliament, iij. is affronted at the town of Hull, by being refufed entrance there by the governor, ibid, fets up his llandard at Nottingham, 121. the battle of Edgehill fought between him and the parliament, 122. upon the parliament's having fent a declaration to Scotland, craving afliftance, he fends down the earl of Lanerk, with a letter to INDEX. to the privy council, in oppofition thereto, 124, depends upon the marquis of Hamihon's promife of making the Scots ly quiet, and rejeds the offer of Montrofe, of raifing an army for him, 128. prevails in the field ; takes Brilfol, and marches for London; but, by treachery, is led aflde to Glocefter, to which he lays fiege, by which the parliament had time to recruit, ijj. fights the earl of EfTex at Newbury, with great lofs on both fides, 142. exclaims greatly againft the marquis of Hamilton, who, by his under- taking to hinder the Scots raifing an army, had made him fo fecure, that he had attempted nothing for pre- vention of it, 143, 144. confines him prifoner, and orders him to be fent to Pendennis-callle, ihid. fum- mons the parliament to leave Weflminfler, and to fit at Oxford, with a promife of pardon to all that came, 1 55. his affairs afterward more and moremifcarry, 1 j(5. the defeat of his army under prince Rupert, at Marfton- moor, 158. blames the Scots commiffioners at Lon- don, that the treaty of Uxbridge was broke up without an accommodation, 180. defigns to come to Scotland with his army, to join Montrofe, but is prevented, i8d. his fatal defeat at Nafeby, by wliich his affairs were wholly ruined, 188, i8p. being befieged by Crom- well in Oxford, he makes his elcape, and comes to the Scots army at Newark, 217. where the firit thing impofed upon him, was to order the governor to fur- render the town, 218. which being done, the army, with him, marches to Newcaftle, ibid, makes grea' offers to David Lefley to gain him, but in vain, 2 18, 2 19. orders Montrofe, Huntley, Zee. to lay down their arms, ibid, refufes his affent to fome of the propofi- tions fent him by the Englifh parliament, 125', — 127. more clofely guarded, 228. is at laft delivered up to th.e Englifh army, without any terms made for him, 2:^9. and by them carried to Holinby-houfej 240. carried by Cromwell fiomHolmby-houfe to Hampton- court, 244. efcapes from Hampton-court, and flies to the Ifle of Wight; and is, by Hammond the governor, confined to Carisbrook-caftle, 25-2. is, by the Scots commidioners, perl'uaded not to fign the propofitions fent him by the Englifh parliament there, 25-4, for which he is ordered to be fhut up in clofe prifon, and R r " in. INDEX. an act pafled for no more application to Mm, 2^^. carried from the Ille of Wight to St. James's, in order to his trial, 301. is brought to his trial, condemned, and beheaded, 303. Chiellie, Mr. John, aj^), 299, 300. knighted, t^^. Clanronald, captain of, i dp, joins Montrofe at Athol, 172. Clerkinton, laird of, 274. Cochran, lord, 238, 268. Cochran, colonel, 100, 226- Cockburn, colonel John, 179. Collinton, laird of, 263, Colvil, Sir Robert, ofCleidi. 69. Colvil, Mr. brother to Sir Robert, is fent to France with letters to the French king, and Richlieu, 69, 83. Colvil, Mr. William, minifter, 78, 79. 239. (ilenced, 281 . Conway, lord, beat from Newburn-ford, by the Scots, 82, 83. Cooper, Mr. William, bifhop of Galloway, 16. Cornal, Mr. 78. Cottington, lord, 226. Covenant, the Solemn League and Covenant, made and framed by fome of the leading minifters in the gene- ral affembly in 1643, in concert with the commifTion- crs from the Englifh parliament, 137. fent to England, and approved by the parliament, and the Weltminfter aflembly of divines, 140. folemnly fworn and fub- fcribed in the High Church of Edinburgh, 141. Covenant, the National, read and fubfcribed, 34, 35, 43. Couper, lord, 263, 301. Craig, of Riccarton, one of the Rout-mafters of the new- modelled army, 240. Craig, Mr. John, minifter, 3. Craig, Bethia, and Elfpa, two matrons in Edinburgh, the ringleaders of the tumult at the reading of the li- turgy, 23. Craigivar, laird of, 260. Cranfton, lord, 25", 32. Crawfurd, Lodovick, earl of, 100, 143, I5"4, 181, 203, 226. forfeited, 160. made prifoncr by the Scots army at the furrender of Newcaftle, 170. liberated from his prifon in Edinburgh by Montrofe, 196. feci uded from all pardon, 222. goes over to Spain, 223. Crawfurd-Lindfay, earl of, (fee Lindfay) 174, 183, 191, 192* INDEX. 192, 193, 210, 220, 224, 228, 22p, 230, 238, 261, 263, 274, 285, 287, 289, 291, 292, 294, 2p5-. made prefidcnt of the council on the deatli of the carl of Lauderdale, 182. flies to Berwick after the battle of Kilfyth, 194. retires from Edinburgh, on the arrival of Cromwell, 298. Cromwell, Oliver, 123, 177, 244, 270, 271, 275-, 278, 283, 288, 298, 300. gains the battle of Marfton- moor, 1 58. falls out with, and accufcs, the earl of Manchefter, 176. humours, and falls in with, the In- dependents ; and gets the adt pafled, that no member of the houfe fliould enjoy any military office, with an exception for himfeif, ibid, by which he arrives at the whole power in the army, ihid. wins the battle of Nafeby, 188, 189. befieges the king in Oxford, 2 17. forces the city of London to fubmit to the army, 245. defeats the Scots army under duke Hamilton at Pre- fton, 284. comes to Edinburgh, 297. haflcns away to London, to crulh the treaty begun between the king and parliament, 298, 299. aflaults the parliament, and imprifons a number of their members, 301. or- ders the king to be brought from the Ifle of Wight to St. James's, for his trial, 301. Cuningham, Sir David, of Robertland, 146. Cuningham, James, lets the earl ofLanerk cfcape at Oxford, 144, Cuningham, Mr, William, of Brownhill, 56, 66^ 6j. D. Dalgliefh, Mr. David, minifter, 41, 78, 79. Dalhoufie, earl of, 301, Dalziel, colonel, 295-. Darley, Mr. 135-. Denbigh, earl of, cafliiered, 1715. Derby, carl of, excepted from pardon, 226. Dick, Mr. George, minifter, 79. Dick, William, the moft confiderable merchant in Scot- land, advances great fums of money to the covenant- ers, by which he reduces himfeif to beggary, jj. Dickfon, Mr. David, minifter, 23, 24, 3S, 39,78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 132, 137, 139, 145-, 148, 178, 180. 211, 221, 231, 242, 25'7, 260, 27r, 286, 298. cbofen moderator of the alTembly in 1639, and be- R r 2 trays INDEX. trays great weaknefs, 62. tranfportcd from Irvine to be profefTor of divinity in the univerfity of Glaf- gow, 64. his charaifler, il^id. a remarkable faying of his at the execution of two gentlemen at Glafgow, 208. Doiiglas, marquis of, 198, 201, 202 203, 209, joins the marquis of Montrofe after the battle of Kilfyth, \c>6, 197. Douglas, Mr. John, advanced to the archbifhopric of St. Andrews, 3. Douglas, Sir Robert, of Bridgend, \a6. one of thecom- milfioners from the town of Glafgow, to the marquis of Montrofe after the battle of Kilfyth, 195". Douglas, Mr. Robert,- minifter, 132, 139, 145', 148 205, £20, 25'7, 260, 294, 302. chofen moderator of the affembly at St. Andrews, in 1642, 119. fent up to general Lelley's army in England, to prevent them fiom turning malignants, 149. flies at the bat- tle of Marfton-moor, 158. looks more fourly on the King than before, becaufe his majefty had not beftowed on him the rent of the chapel-royal, vacant by Mr. Henderlbn's death, 2:^4. Douglas, Sir William, of Cavers. 5-8, 61. Drum, younger of, 151, 162, 169. excepted from par- don, 226. Drummond, lord. 70, 87, 90, izf, ify. joins Mon- trofe after the battle of Kilfyth, 196. is taken prifoner at the battle of Philiphaugh, 202. Drummond, ofBallock, 2' 1 4, 21 5-. Drummond, Mr. David, minifter, 239. Drummond, Sir Patrick. 54. Duciial, younger of, I95'. Dudop, laird of, created a vifcount, lOf". killed at the battle of Marilon-moor, 158. Dumfries, earl of, laf. Dundas, laird of, 260. Dunfermline, earl of, 5-8, 61, 66, 6-j, 71, 87, 227, 274. much obliged to theking, yetadtcd againfl him, 1 11. his majefly's commiffioner to the afTembly in \6/^2, 1 19. Dunmoor, Mr. John, 11, 12, Dunfmoor, lord. 87. E. ■ Earl, Sir Walter, 224. Edgar, Mr. Edward, 61. Eglintoni I N D E X. Eglinton, earl of, 25-, 192, 193, 263, 271, 273, 277, ' 283, 285, 286, 289, 296, 501. a friend to the Pref- byterians, lo. one of the ruling elders in theadembly that framed the Solemn League and Covenant, 137. votes in the parliament, that the Scots army fhould retire, and the king be delivered up to the Englifh, 238. Elcho, lord, 116, 297. commands a regiment under the marquis of Argyle, to go againft the marquis of Huntley, ifi. commands the Fife-men at the battle of Tippermuir, 163. one of Cromwell's intimates, 298. Elebank, lord, 237. Elphinfton, lord, 186. Elphinfton, Sir John, one of the lords of fefTion, depofed for adhering to the king, i 04. Epifcopacy, agreed upon, and eftablifhed, 3. condemn- ed by an aflembly of minifters at Dundee, 1580, /,. eftablifhed again by law, 7. abjured, 49, Erflcine, lord, 87,90, 116, 125-, 128, 142, 191, 197, 200, 203, 204, 208, 209, 293. preferred to a regi- ment in the army under general Leflcy. deligned for England, 70. joins Montrofe after the battle of Kil- fyth, 196. Erfliine, Sir Charles, of Alva, 164, 760, 297. Erllcine, Arthur, of Scoifcraig, 34, 143. EfTex, earl of, 87, 135-. made general of' the parliament's army, 121. caihiered, 176. Ewers, colonel, 301, Fairfax, Sir Thomas, 123, 135', ijj, 188, 217, 244, 245", 271. has the city of York furrcndered to him. after the battle of Marfton-moor, 158. made general of the parliament's forces, in the room of EfTex, 177. Fairfoul, Mr. Andrew, minifter ofLeith. 239, Ferly, Mr. James, bifliop of Argyle, recants, 35-. Ferny, laird of, 192. Finch, lord-keeper, 88. Fintry, younger of, 169. Fleeming, lord, 89, 125-, 197, 203, 209. joins Mon- trofe after the battle of Kilfyth, 196. Fleeming, Mr. Archibald of Peel, 146, ipj. Fleeming, Sir William,, fent by the prince of Wales to Scotland, to ieara what afTiftance he might depend tipon INDEX. upon from that quarter, 263, 282. P'leeming, WiJliam, fon to the earl of Wigton, 85". P'letcher, James, provofl of Dundee, 40. Forbes of Coiic, Patrick, bilhop of Aberdeen, 16. Forrefter, Mr. David, 33. Frazer, colonel, 240. Ireeland, laird of, 151, 230, 236. G. Galbraith, captain Jannes, 295". Galloway, Sir James, 103, 116. created lord Dunkeld, 255'- Garden, of Tillifrolhie, a great abettor of Brownifm, 123. Garthland, laird of, 230, 236, 265', 268. Gibfbn, of Dury, 40, 44, 73. knighted, and rnade clerk- regifter, 103. Gight, laird of, 109, 226. Gillan, John, 281. Gillcfpie, Mr. George, to6, 140, 177, 258, 260. on? of the commifnoners from the general aflembly to the affembly ot divines at Wedminller, 139. chofen mo- derator of the general alTembly, in 1648, 279. Gillefpie, Mr. Patrick, 181. Gilmour, Mr. John, 96, Gladftanes, Dr. 63. Glencaim, earl of, 137, 150, 192, 193, 194, 238, 277, 280, 287, 289, 291, 292, 294, 295-, 298. one of the four lords in commiflion, to exercile the office of treafurer, 102. Glendinning, William, 230, 236, 300. Glengarie, laird of, 172. Glenham, Sir Thomas, 262. Gordon, lord, 5-4, 60, 171. joins Montrofe after the battle of Inverlochy, 182. ilain at the battle of Al- ford, 189. Gordon, Lodovick, 168. Gordon, colonel Nathaniel, 171, 196, 200. joins Mon- trofe, after the battle of Tippermuir, 165-. excom- municated, 1 70. taken prifoner after the battle of Phi- liphaugh, 202. condemned, 206. and executed, 211. Goodwin, Mr. Robert, 24. Goring, lord, 271. , Gorram, Sir Donald, ofSlait, 69, 109, 162. Gorthy, INDEX. Gorthy, laird of, 222, 226. Graham, Mi. Andrew, made billiop of Dunblain, J- Graham, Sir John, ofBraco, 193. Graham, iVIr. George, bilhopof Orkney, recants, 35- Graham, Patrick, of Inchbrakie, 161, *l62. See Inch- brakie. Graham, Mr. John, minifter of Auchterarder, 92. de- pofed, 172. reponed, 181. Graham, Sir Richard, K3. Grant, laird of, 147. Greenock, laird of, one of the commiffioners from the fhire of Renfrew, to wait upon Montrofe after the bat- tle of Kilfyth, 195, Guild, Dr. 41. Guthry, Mr. Andrew, fon to the billiop of Murray, taken prifoner after the battle of Philiphaugh, 202. con- demned, 2c6. and executed, 211. Guthry, Mr. Henry, minifter of Stirling, the author; his warrants for what he affirms concerning the car- riage of the marquis of Hamilton, his majeity's com- milfioner, towards the covenanters, 41. deeply afFedled at the increafeofBrownifm, 78. and in concert with fome minifters of moderation, in conference with Mr. Dickfon, Rutherford, &c. favourers of that way, gets an adl paffed againft them, and the paper, fub- fcribed by them all, committed to his care, 79, 80. has the aft, at the above conference againft the pri- vate meetings of that fed, farther confirmed by the fentence of the general aflembly met at Aberdeen, 81, 82. attends Mr. Stuart, commifTary of Dun- keld, at his execution, 95-. his fpeech in the aflembly, upon the Englirti parliament's declaration of extirpat- ing Epifcopacy root and branch, 136. exonerates him- felf, and oppofes, in all the church meetings, the pro- ceedings of the rigid minifters and covenanters, 239. thruft out of his charge, 299. Guthry, Mr. James, minifter, 180,220,221,230,231, 294, 302. one of Cromwell's intimates, 298. Guthry, Mr. John, bifhop of Murray, 16. would never recant, for which he endures all manner of fuffer- Guthry, Mr. William, minifter, one of the commanders of the we Hern infurr'jdion, 277^ Had- INDEX, H. JIaJdingtnn, Thomas, earl of, 25, 210. Haddington, earl of", 50, 60, an account of his deatl^b§4,- Haddington, earl of, 116. Haddo, laird of, one of the heads of the marquis of Hunt- ley's infurredlion, for which he is excommunicated, I , I. taken prifoner, 1^2. and executed, 15-9, Halden, Mr. Archibald, conftable of the caflle of Edin- burgh, 5-2. Halden, John, 70, 240. Halkerton, laird of, 237. HaJyburton, Sir George, one of the lords of feffion, 186. Halyburton, Mr. George, minifter of Perth, depofed, 172. rellored to his charge, 181. Halyburton, laird of, 221. Halvburton, Sir James, ofPitcur, a famous warriour, y. Halyburton, dame Margaret, lady of Cowpar, 181. Hambdcn, Mr. 113. Hamilton, James, marquis of, afterwards duke, 26, 45-, 47, 48, JO, 5-2, p8, 100, lOi, 117, 118, 126, 128, !4i, 230, 232, 234, 235, 236. 237, 238, 241, 247, 25-8, 261, 262, 263, 2(5j, 267, 268, 271, 272, 273, 275-, 276, 278, 279, 296, 301. fent down to Scotland bv the king, as his commilfiontr, 36. his behaviour to the covenanters, 39, — 41- indidts a par- liament and aOembly, 42. fublcribes the covenant, 43. commands the king's navy for Scotland, 56. has thecaIHe of Edinburgh delivered to him, 60. pro- cures the earl of Loudoun's liberty, 74. undertakes to keep Scotland quiet, on which his majefty relies, izj, 128. which not performing, on his arrival at Oxford, is made prifoner, and fent to Pendennis- caftle, 144. leaves Pendennis, comes to London, and fVoni thence to Newcaltle, and waits on the king, 223. 224. leaves the king, and goes for Scotland, and, at parting, affures him of engaging the committee of e- Ifates for him, 228, 229. elected general of t!)e army for England, in favours of the king, 269. lofes the battle of Prefton, and taken prifoner, 284. Hamilton, lord, 5. Hamilton, Sir Alexander, 240. Hamilton, urchbiiliop, 34. Hamil'- INDEX. Hamilton, Claud, 2. Hamilton, Sir Frederic, i5'o, 167. Hamilton, Mr. James, minifter, 37, 79, idi. Hamilton, Sir John, ofBeel, 238. Hamilton, Sir John, of Orbifton, juftice-clerk, 32, 35-> 103, 235'. joins Montrofe after the battle of Kilfyth, 196. Hamilton, colonel, of Innerwick, 294. Hammond, colonel, 252. Hartfield, earl of, 169, 197. joins Montrofe after the battle of Kilfyth, 196. taken prifoner at the battle of Philiphaugh, 202. ordered to be executed, 206. fpared at lait, 210. Harthill, laird of, beheaded, 25" i. Hallerig, Mr. 1 13. Hatcher, Mr. 135', 140. Hay, Mr. Andrew, miniller, 2, 3. Hay, colonel, 171. Hay, Mr. Geol-ge, 2. Hay, Sir John, clerk-regifter, 32, 5-5'. fent prifoner td the caftle of Edinburgh, 99. depofed, 104. Hay, Mr. John, of Elgin, 265-. Hay, Mr. Peter, ofNaughton, li, li. Hempsfield (or Amsfield) laird of, i6g. Henderfon, Mr. Alexander, minifter, 23, 25-, 26, 30; 38, 39» S"!. ^S, 61, 62, 78, 79, 80, 81, 83, 87, 97, 109, 125, 129, 136, 131, 140, 233. his charafteri 24, 135". chofen moderator of the general aflembly itiet at Glafgow, 1538, 47. is tranlported from the parifh of Leuchars to Edinburgh, 49. is moderator of thealTembly there, in 1541, 98. has the rent of the chapel-royal beftowed on him by the king, 106. ele- »5led moderator of the aflembly, 1643, 134. cholen one ol'the commiflioners from the general aflembly, to the alfembiy of divines at Weitminfter, 139. Henderfon, ofFordel, 192, Hepburn, Mr. Adam, of Humbie, 72, 263, 287, 293. made one of the lords of fe/Fion, and knighted, 104. Hepburn, colonel, 121, 240, 266, 267, 272, 291. made governor of Stirling, 297. Hepburn, Mr. Robert, 72. Herle, Mr. 2<;6, 25-8. Herries, lord, 154, 226. S r Hertford! INDEX. Hertford, earl of, 87. Hippefly, Sir John, 224* Holland, earl of, 87. Hollis, Mr. 113. Home, earl of, 25", 33, 90, 125, 198, 201. Home, Sir Alexander, provoft of Edinburgh, 6. Home, colonel, 184, 294. Hope, Sir James, made a lord of feflion, 302. Hope, Sir Thomas, his majefty's advocate, 23, 26, 30, 32, 34, 51, 94, 103, 233. the oracle of the Presby- terians, 130. his majefty's commiflioner to the gene- ral affembly, in 1643, 134. Hope, Sir Thomas, younger, 83, 107. made one of the lords of fefiion, and juflice-general, 104. Hopton, Sir Ralph, 123. Hotham, Sir John, refufes the king entrance into Hull, liy. beheaded, ibiJ, Huntley, marquis of, 53, 147, 215-, 218, 226, 242, s^ij 275". committed prifoner to the caltle of Edin- burgh, 54* liberated, 60. takes the field, having the king's commifTionj 1 5'0. excommunicated, 151. dif- bands his men, on his hearing of the marquis of Ar- gyle's marching northwards, 152. would not join Montrofe, through envy, 204. takes the field again, 209. refufes to lay down his arms at the king's defire, 219. is taken prifoner, 252. I. James VI. king, debates with the minifters about church- government, he preffing Epifcopacy, and they, on the other hand, contending for Presbytery, 4. calls toge- ther an army at Stirling, upon notice that the banifh- cd lords were advancing towards him, 4, 5-. concludes a treaty with them, by which the Presbyterian go- vernment was eftahlifhed, 5'. endeavours to reftore Epifcopacy again, which, by the difperfion of the mob at Edinburgh, he at laft effefts, 5-, — 7. prefTes for an uniformity of worfhip between both nations, 7. for which end he recommends to the birtiops the intro- duiftion of feme Englifli ceremonies into the church, 8. which, after fome debate, were, at laft, concluded in the general alTembly at Perth, and afterwards ratified by parliament, 8. laftly, concludes to have a liturgy framed INDEX. framed for the church, after the model of thcEnglifl), i6id. which was waved during his reign, tl>id. JefFery, Mr. Andrew, minifter, depofed, 299. Jermyn, lord, excepted from pardon, 226. Inchbrakie, the elder, laird of, imprifoned, iid. Stanford, earl of, 176, 256, 258, 260, 272. Stirling, earl of, fecretary of Scotland, 16, 193. Stirling, Sir George, of Keir, 93, 94, 98, 100, li ^/ b