PRESENTED TO THE LIBRARY OF PRINCETON THEOLOGICAL SEMINHRY BY JVIrs. Alexander Proudfit. * ^7 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from Princeton Theological Seminary Library http://www.archive.org/details/anecdotesoflifeo03almo Jo K r\ A \ r ' ANECDOTES or the LIFE of THE RIGHT HONOURABLE WILLIAM PIT.T, EARL of CHATHAM. and of THE PRINCIPLE EVENTS OF HIS TIME. \ • W I T H HIS SPEECHES IN PARLIAMENT, FROM THE YEAR I736 TO THE YEAR 1778. SIT MIHI fAS AUDITA LOQUI.— ' VIRGIL, IN THREE VOLUMES. THIRD EDITION, CORRECTED. VOLUME III. Hmrtoit x PRINTED FOR J. S. JORDAN, No. 166, FLEET-STREET. M.DCC.XC II}, CONTENTS or THE APPENDIX. LETTER from Mr, Pitt to T. Cumming - Page I Freedom of the city of London prefented to Mr. Pitt -------- 2 Freedom of other cities, &c. prefented to Mr. Pitt 4 Mr. Pitt's letter to Sir Edward Hawke * 5 Mr. Pitt's letter to the Lord Mayor of London - 7 Mr. Pitt's letter to the American Governors - 8 Copy of the Treaties with Pruffia - 10 Character of George the Second - 24 Character of H. R. Legge, with the papers con- cerning the Hampihire election - 26 Another character of Mr. Leggs. - 49 Copies tf the 1 fcters and papers concerning the negotiatio \ for peace, between Air. Pitt and Monf. Huffy - 50 Papers relative to the rupture with ';p .ir., with cotes - - - - - - - - j ~7 An . CONTENTS OF THE APPENDIX. Pacre Anecdote of M. Keith, furnifhing Mr. Pitt with a copy of the Family Compact - - - 201 M. Bougainville's letter to Mr. Pitt - 202 Mr. Pitt's anfvver ------ 203: Infcription on the monument of M. de Montcalm - 204 Mr. Pitt's letter to Gen. Monckton - 2cS Reafons for keeping Guadaloupe - ibid. Letter from the corporation of Bath to Mr. Pitt - 215 Mr. Pitt's anfwer - - - - - - 216 Thanks of the city of London to Mr. Pitt - - 217 Mr. Pitt's anfwer - - ■- - - -218 Thanks of the cities of Exeter, Chefter, York, Bath, Norwich, Stirling, Dublin, and Cork, to Mr. Pitt ------- 219 Letters between Mr. Pitt and Mr. Allen - - 234 Infcription on Mr, Pitt's ftatue at Cork - - 240 Anecdote of Lord Bute - - - - - 241 Military anecdotes - 243 Interesting anecdote concerning Gibraltar, with the letter of George the Firft to the King of Spain ___-_-. 254 Intended bill to afcertain the law on libels - - 9^ Thanks of the Houfe of Affembly at Bofton to Mr. Pitt ------- 262 Infcription on Mr. Pitt's ftatue at Charles-town, in Carolina - * - - * - 264 Letter to Mr. Pitt from the province of Maflachu- fetts Bay ------- 265 Lord Hillfborough's circular letter to the Ameri- can Governors ------ 269 The King's anfwers to the petitions of the city of London - -.«--- 271 Authentic CONTENTS OF THE APPENDIX. Page Authentic account of the part taken by the Earl of Chatham, in a tranfaction which parTed in the beginning of the year 1778 - 273 Dr. Addington's Narrative - 285 Letters of Lord Mountftuart and Mr. Pitt - - 289 Account of the funeral of the Earl of Chatham - oc8 Defcription of the monument in Weftminfter Abbey 313 Account of the proceedings of the city of London, on the death of the Earl cf Chatham Defcription of the cenotaph in Guildhall Infcription on the marble urn at Burton Pynfent - 32 S Genealogical Table of the peerages in the family of Pitt -■ - Account of the other branches of the family 3'4 323 327 329 "Governor Pitt's account of his celebrated diamond 397 Anecdotes of Thomas Pitt - - - _ ^ . Copy of Lord Chatham's will - >> . Earl of Chatham's verfes to Mr. Garrick Mr. Garrick's anfwer - Of Lord Chatham's elocution - 353 35* 355 On the fame fubjecl:, written by Mr. Wilkes - org Eulogies ------. Character of Mr. Pitt Another ----_« Character of the Earl of Chatham, by the late King of Pruffia - Character of Mr. Pitt, by the Abbe Raynal - 366 Another, by Mr. Burke - ,5^ ' Another, by Lord Cheflerfield - o72 A few lines by Junius --,_«. ,-,- Extracts from the North Briton, July 24, 1762 - -376 Lines on Mr. Pitt's refigning the fjals in 1761 - 970 Lines by David Garrick, Efq. ••"».. 380 Infcription ibid. 362 364 365 CONTENTS OF THE APPENDIX. Page Infcription on the firft ftone of Blackfriars Bridge 381 A lift of the general changes of the miniftry, from die year 1742, to the end of the reign of George the Second, diftinguifhing each adminiftration - 383 A lift of the general changes cf the miniftry, from the acceffion of George the Third, to. the com- mencement of Lord North's miniftry in the year 1770, including the nine firft years of the pre- fent - .... 384. APPENDIX. A. Copy of a Letter from Mr. Secretary Pitt to Thomas Cumming. Whitehall, February 9, 1757. Good and zuorthy Friend, Write this letter to you merely to repeat -*• to you upon paper, what I have often faid with great fincerity to you in converfation, namely, that I have fo good an opinion of your integrity, and think the fervice you are going upon to Africa fo likely to prove be- neficial to the Public, that in cafe fuccefs at- tends your endeavours, I promife you my befl ahiflance in obtaining an exclufive char- ter in your favour for a limited term of years, with regard to that vein of trade, which your induftry and rifk (hall have open- ed to your country. Averfe as I always (hall be to exclufive charters in general, I think your cafe a juft exception ; fo wifhing cordially the favour of Providence on your undertaking, I remain with much efteem, your fincere and faithful friend, W. PITT, Vol III. B 2 APPENDIX. B. DICKENSON, Mayor. At a Court of Common-Council, holden in the Chamber of the Guildhall of the City of London, on Friday, the 15th of April, 1757. RESOLVED, That the freedom of this City be prefented to the Right Hon. William Pitt, late one of his Majefty's principal Secretaries of State 5 and to the Right Hon. Henry Bil- son Legge, late Chancellor of his Majefty's Exchequer, in teftimony of the grateful fenfe which the City of London entertain of their loyal and difmterefled conduct, during their truly honourable, though fhort, adminiftration; their beginning a fcheme of public ceconomy, and at the fame time leflening the extent of mi- nifterial influence, by a reduction of a number of ufelefs placemen: their noble efforts to ftem the general torrent of corruption, and to re- vive, by their example, the almofl extinguished love of virtue, and our country: their zeal to promote a full and impartial enquiry into the real caufes of our late loffes in America and the Mediterranean: and laftly their vigilant at- tention to fupport the glory and independency of Great Britain, the honour and true intereft of the crown, with the jufl rights and liberties of the fubjeci ; thereby moft effectually fecuring the affections of a free people to his Majefty and his illuftrious family. 2 The .APPENDIX, The Answer of the Right Honourable William Pitt, delivered to Sir Tho- mas Harrison, Chamberlain. GIVE me leave, Sir, to requeft the favour of you, to prefent, in the molt expreffive terms, to the Lord Mayor, Aldermen and Common- Council of the City of London, the high fenfe I have of the diftinguilhed honour they have been pleafed to do me, in conferring on me the freedom of the City. I have ever been zealoufly devoted to the fupport of the liberty, trade, and profperity of that great and refpeclable body ; and I am now proud, and happy to have fuch caufe to add the fentiments of trueft gratitude for fo gene- rous a mark of their favour ; and for fo unme- rited an approbation of my infufEcient endea- vours to carry into effect, the mod gracious in- tentions, and paternal care of his Majefty, for the prefervation and happinefs of his people. The Answer of the Right Honourable Henry Bilson Legge, delivered to Sir Thomas Harrison. Give me leave, Sir, to beg the favour of you to return my fincerefl thanks to the Lord Mayor, Aldermen and Common-Council of the City of London, for having admitted me to the freedom of their Corporation. B z So 4 APPENDIX. So eminent a mark of diftinction, derived from the molt refpeclable City in Europe, and to which fo few have ever received the honour of admiffion, cannot but fill my heart with the higheft fenfe of gratitude and regard; and though it far exceeds the bare merit of meaning well, which is all I have to plead, muff prove a ftrong incentive to thofe, whom his Majefty fhall hereafter think fit to employ, to exert with equal zeal, much greater abilities in the fervice of their country. I hope every part of my future conduct, confidently with that which I have hitherto en- deavoured to hold, will fhew my firm attach- ment to the rights and privileges of my fellow fubjecls, as well as to his Majefty, and his illus- trious family, upon whofe eftabliftiment the maintenance of thofe rights and privileges does fo eflentially depend. The boxes, which were of gold, value one hundred guineas, each, writing and ornament- ing the above freedoms, coft the City, 25 lL 13s. The example of the City of London was fol- lowed by the Cities of Bath, Chefter, Norwich, Exeter; Towns of Newcaftle and Worcefter, in gold boxes; Yarmouth (Norf.) in lilver; Bed- ford, Stirling, and feveral other cities and towns. Dubl in, Resolved, That the freedom of this Cor- poration be prefented to the Right. Hon. Wil«? JLIAM APPENDIX. 5 liam Pitt and Henry Bilson Legge, Efqrs. in teftimony of this corporation's refpect for miniilers, who, during a fhort administra- tion, uniformly endeavoured to elude the cor- ruption fo fatally prevailing; to reftore public ceconomy, and make temperance fafhionable; to reduce the falaries, and lefTen the number of ufelefs placemen; to revive the love of arms, and reconcile a military to a commercial fpirit, and to make the government of Great-Britain beloved by Britons, happy to the fubjefts united with them, and refpe&ed by foreign powers. Refolved, That the mafter do tranfmit faid freedom to the Right Hon. William Pitt and Henry Bilson Legge, Efqrs. Signed by order, EPHRAIM THWAITS, Clerk. c. Copy of a Letter to Sir Edward Hawke at sea, or at, or near, rochefort, sent by the vlper, on the i5th of September, 1757. Sir, HIS Majefty, by hisjecret injlrudions, dated the 5th day of Auguft laft, having directed the return of the fleet under your command, toge- ther with the land forces on board, fo as to be in England at, or about, as near as may be, B 3 the 6 APPENDIX. the end of September, unlefs the circum fiances of the (hips and forces, (hall neceffarily require their return fooner; I am now to fignify to you the King's pleafure, that you do not confider the above-mentioned time, limited for your re- turn, as intended, in any manner, to effeci or interfere with the full execution of the firft and principal obje6t of the expedition; namely, at- tempting as far as (hall be found practicable, a defcent on the French coafl, at or near Roche- fort, in order to attack, if practicable, and, by a vigorous impreffion, force that place, and to burn and deftroy, to the utmoft of your power, all (hipping, docks, magazines, and arfenals that fhould be found there, and exert fuch other efforts as mail be judged mod proper for annoying the enemy. And with regard to any other particular attempt, which, agreeable to your orders, you flia.ll have commenced, and in the execution whereof you fhall be actually engaged. It is alfo His Majeflv's pleafure, that you do not defifl from, or break up the fame, merely and folely on account of the time limited for your return, by the inftruclions abovementi- oned; but that, notwithilanding the fame, you do continue with the fleet, during fuch a farther number of days, as may afford a competent time for the completion of any operation under the above circumflances ; after which you are to take care to return, with the fleet under your command, and the force on board, in the man- ner directed by your former inf! ructions, 1 am, Sec. W. PITT, APPENDIX, 7 D. Copy of a Letter from Mr. Secretary Pitt, to the Lord Mayor of the City of London. Whitehall, Aug. 15, 1759. My Lord, HAVING, in confequence of the defire of the Court of Common Council, had the ho- nour to lay before the King their refolutions of yefterday, for offering certain bounties and en- couragement to fuch able bodied men as (hall inlift themfelves at the Guildhall of London, to ferve in his Majefty's land-forces, upon the terms contained in his Majefty's orders in coun- cil : I am commanded by the King to acquaint your Lordfhip (of which you will be pleated to to make the proper communication), that his Majefty thanks the city of London for this frefh teftimony of their zeal and affection for his royal perfon and government. — I am farther commanded by the King, to exprefs his Ma- jefty's moft entire fatisfaction in this fignal proof of the unfhaken refolution of the city of Lon- don, to fupport a juft and neceflary war, un- dertaken in defence of the rights and honour of his crown, and for the fecurity of the colo- nies, the trade, and navigation of Great Bri- tain. B 4 I am. 8 APPENDIX. I am, with great truth and refpect, my Lord, your Lordfhip s moft obedient humble fervant, W. PITT. Several other Cities and Towns offered fimilar bounties. Such was the general confidence in the minifter. Copy of a Letter from Mr. Secretary Pitt, to the several Governors and Companies in North America, relat- ing to the Flag of Truce Trade. Gentlemen, THE commanders of his Majefty's forces and fleets in North America and the Welt Indies, have tranfmitted certain and repeated intelli- gences of an illegal and moft pernicious trade carried on by the King's fubjecls in North Ame- rica and the Weft Indies, as well to the French iflands as to the French fettlements on the con- tinent of North America, and particularly to the rivers Mobile and Miffifippi ; by which the enemies, to the great reproach and detriment of government, are fupplied with provifions and other neceftaries ; whereby they are prin- cipally, if not alone, enabled to fuftain and protra£t this long and expenfive war. And it further appearing, that large funis of bullion are fent by the King's fubjecls to the above places, in return whereof commodities are taken5 Appendix. () taken, which interfere with the product of the Britifh colonies themfelves, in open contempt of the authority of the Mother-country, as welJ as the moll manifeft prejudice of the manufac- tures and trade of Great Britain. In order, therefore, to put the moll fpeedy and effectual flop to fuch flagitious praclices, fo utterly fub- verfive of all laws, and fo highly repugnant to the well-being of this kingdom : It is his Majefty's exprefs will and pleafure, that you do forthwith make the ftricleft and mod diligent enquiry into the (late of this dan- gerous and ignominious trade ; and that you do ufe every means in your power to detect and difcover perfons concerned either as principals or acceffaries therein ; and that you do take every ftep authorifed by law, to bring all fuch heinous offenders to the mod exemplary and condign punifhment : and you will, as foon as may be, and from time to time, tranfmit to me, for the King's information, full and particular accounts of the progrefs you fhall have made in the execution of this his Majefty's commands ; to the which the King expecls that you pay the moft exact, obedience : and you are further to ufe your utmofl endeavours, to trace out and inveftigate the various artifices and evafions by which the dealers in this iniquitous intercourfe find means to cover their criminal proceedings, and to elude the law : in order, that from fuch lights due and timely confiderations may be had, what further provifions may be neceiTarv to ' 1© APPENDIX. to reftrain an evil of fuch extenfive and pernio cious confcquences. I am, &c. W. PITT. Whitehall, Aug. 23, 1760. Copy of the Treaties between the King of Great Britain, and the King op Prussia, from the i6th of January, i756, to the 12th of december, i760. [To prevent a repetition of thefe treaties* which a reparation of them according to their refpect-ive dates, muft occafion, we have printed them all together.] AS the differences which have arifen in Ame- rica, between the King of Great Britain and the Moft Chriftian King, and the confequences of which become every day more alarming, give room to fear for the public tranquillity of Europe ; his Majefty the King of Great Britain, Elector of Brunfwick Lunenburgh, &c. and his Majefty the King of Prulha, Elecior of Brandenburgh, attentive to an object, fo very interefb: g and equally deiirous of preferving the peace f Europe in general, and that of Germany in particular, have refolved to enter into fuch meafures as may the moft efteclually contribute to fo defirable an end ; and, for this purpofe, APPENDIX. II purpofe, they have refpeclively authorifed their minifters plenipotentiary, viz. in the name, and on the part of his Britannic Majefty, his privy counfellors, Philip, earl of Hardwicke, chan- cellor of Great Britain ; John, earl of Gran- ville, prefident of the council ; Thomas Holies, duke of Newcaflle, firft commiflioner of the treafury ; Robert, earl of Holdernefs, one of the principal fecretaries of (late; and Henry Fox, another of the principal fecretaries of ft ate ; and in the name, and on the part, of his Pruffian Ma- jefty, the Sieur Lewis Michell, his charge d'affaires at the court of his Britannic Majefty : who, after having mutually communicated their full powers, have agreed upon the following ar- ticles : Art. I. There fhall be, between the faid moft ferene kings, a perfect, peace and mutual amity, notwithstanding the troubles that may arife in Europe, in confequence of the above- mentioned differences ; fo that neither of the contracting parties fhall attack, or invade, di- rectly or indireclly, the territories of the other ; but, on the contrary, fhall exert, each of them, their utmoft efforts, to prevent their refpeciive allies from undertaking any thing againft the faid territories in any manner whatever. Art. II. If, contrary to all expectation, and in violation of the peace which the high-con- tracling parties propofe to maintain by this treaty in Germany, any foreign power (hould caufe troops to enter into the faid Germany, under any pretext whatfoever ; the two high- contracling 12 APPENDIX. contracting parties {hall unite their forces to punifh this infraction of the peace, and main- tain the tranquillity of Germany, according to the purport of the prefent treaty. Art. III. The high-contracling parties renew exprefsly all the treaties of alliance and gua- ranty, which actually fubfift between them, and particularly the deienfive alliance and mutual guaranty concluded at Weftminfter between their Britannic and Pruffian majefties the 18th of November 1742, the convention entered into between their faid majefties at Hanover the 26th. of Auguft 1745 and the a£t of acceptation of his Pruffian majefty of the guaranty of his Britannic majefty of the 13th of October 1746. Art. IV. The prefent treaty {hall be ratified by his majefty the king of Great Britain, and his majefty the king of Pruffia ; and the letters of ratification in due form fhall be delivered on both fides within the fpace of one month, or fooner if poftible, reckoning from the day of figning the prefent treaty. In witnefs whereof, we the under-figned, fur- niftied with the full powers of their majefties the kings of Great Britain and Pruffia, have, in their names, figned the prefent treaty, and thereto fet our feals. Done at Weftminfter the fixteenth day of January, in the year of our Lord 1756. (L. S.) HARD 'WTCKE, C. (L. S.) GRANVILLE, P. (L. S.) HOLLES, NEWCASTLE. (L. S.j HOLDERNESSE. tJL, S.) H. FOX. As APPENDIX. 13 As the convention of neutrality of the date of this day, figned by the minifters of his majefly the king of Great Britain, and of his majefly the king of Prufha, furnifhed with the full powers neceffary for that purpofe, relates only to Germany ; this convention mufl not be un- deHlood to extend to the Auflrian Low-coun- tries and their dependencies, which ought not to be confidered as comprifed in the prefent convention of neutrality, under any pretext whatfoever : the rather, as his majdly the king of PruiTia hath not, in the eighth article of the peace of Drefden, guarantied to her majefly, the emprefs queen of Hungary and Bohemia, any thing but the dominions which fne poffeffes in Germany. This fecret and feparate article (hall have the fame force as if it had been inferted, word for word, in the prefent convention of neutrality ligned this day ; and the ratification of it (hall be exchanged at the fame time with thofe of the faid convention. In witnefs whereof we the under-figned, fur- nifhed with the full powers of their majeflies the kings of Great Britain and Prufha, have, in their names, figned the prefent fecret and fepa- rate article, and thereto fet our feals. Done at Weftminfter. the fixteenth day of Ja- nuary, in the year of our Lord 1756. (L. S.) HARDWICKE. C. (L. S.) GRANVILLE, P. (L. S.) HOLLES, NEWCASTLE, (L. S.) HOLDERNESSE. (L. S.) H. FOX, APPENDIX. DECLARATION. In order to prevent any difputes that might arife between their Pruffian and Britannic ma- jefties, it is hereby declared, that as foon as his Pruffian majefty (hall have taken off the attach- ment laid upon the Silefia debt, and caufed to be paid to his Britannic majefty 's fubjecls what remains due to them of that debt, as well in- tereft as principal, according to the original contracl ; his Britannic majefty promifes and engages, on his part, to caufe to be paid to his Pruffian majefty the (urn of twenty thoufand pounds fterling,in full fatisfaclion of every claim, which his faid majefty or his fubjecls may have againft his Britannic majefty, under any pretext whatfoever. Done at Weftminfler, the fixteenth day of January, in the year of our Lord 1756. (L. S.) LOUIS MICHELL. APPENDIX. 15 Treaty between his Majesty and the King of Prussia, April hth, 1758. [This is Mr. Pitt's treaty with Pruflia, and the reader will obferve the difference between this treaty and the prior one.] AS on the fixteenth day of January 1756, there was concluded and iigned between their Britannic and Pruffian majesties, a treaty, the purport of which was to preferve the peace of Europe in general, and that of Germany in particular ; and whereas, fince that period, France hath not only invaded the Empire with numerous armies, and attacked their forefaid majefties and their allies, but hath alfo excited other powers to do the fame : and whereas it is notorious, that the extraordinary efforts made by his Pruffian majefty to defend himfelf againfl the numerous enemies, who have affailed him on fo many fides at once, have occafioned very heavy expences, whilft, on the other, hand, his revenues have been confiderably diminifhed in thofe parts of his dominions, which have been the feat of war; and their majefties having jointly refolved to continue their efforts for their mutual defence and fecurity, for recovering their domi- nions, protecting their allies, and maintaining the liberties of the Germanic body : his Britan- nic majefty is determineds in conference of thefe confide? 1$ APPENDIX. confiderations, to give an immediate fupply, in money, to his Pruftian majefty, as being the moft fpeedy and effectual ; and their forefaid majefties have thought proper, that, upon this head, there fhould be concluded a convention, declaring and fixing their mutual intentions in this particular : for this purpofe, they have named and authorifed their refpeclive minifters, viz. in the name, and on the part of his Bri- tannic majefty, his privy counfellors, Sir Robert Henley, keeper of the great feal of Great Britain ; John, earl of Granville, prefident of the council ; Thomas Holies, duke of Newcaftle, firft com- miffioner of the treafury ; Robert, earl of Hol- dernefle, one of the principal fecretaries of Hate ; Philip, earl of Hardwicke ; and William Pitt, another of the principal fecretaries of ftate : and in the name, and on the part, of his Pruflian majefty, Dodo Henry, Baron Kynphaufen, his privy counfellor of embafty, and his minifter plenipotentiary at the court of his Britannic majefty, and Louis Michell, his charge £ affaires, at the faid court : who, after having commu- nicated to each other their refpeftive full powers, have agreed upon the following ar- ticles : Art. I. His majefty, the king of Great Bri- tain, engages to caufe to be paid, in the city of London, into the hands of fuch perfon, or per- fbns, as (hall be authorifed for that purpofe by his majefty the king of Pruffia, the fum of four millions APPENDIX. 17 millions of German crowns, amounting to fix hundred and feventy thoufand pounds fterling ; which fum fhall be paid in whole, and at one fmgle term, immediately after the exchange of the ratifications, at the requihtion of his Pruflian majefty. Art. II. His majefty, the king of Pruffia, engages on the other hand, to employ the faid fum in maintaining and augmenting his forces, which fhall act in the manner the molt advan- tageous to the common caufe, and the mod con- ducive to the end, propofed by their* faid ma- jeures, of reciprocal defence, and mutual fe- curity. Art. III. The high-contracling parties, more- over, engage, viz. on the one fide, his Britannic majefty, as well king as eletlor, and, on the other, his Pruffian majefty, not to conclude any treaty of peace, truce, or neutrality, or other convention or agreement whatever, with the powers who have taken part in the prefent war, but in concert and mutual agreement, and by comprehending each other by name. Art. IV. This convention fhall be ratified, and the ratification exchanged on both fides, in the fpace of fix weeks, reckoning from the date of figning the prefent convention, or fooner if poffible. In witnefs whereof, we, the underfigned mi- niflers of his majefty the king of Great Britain, Vol. III. C and l8 APPENDIX. and of his majefty the king of Pruffia, in vii tue of our full power, have figned the prefent con- vention, and thereto fet our feals. — Done at London the eleventh day of April, in the year of our Lord 1758. (L. S.) ROBERT HENLEY. C. S. (L. S.) GRANVILLE, P. (L. S.) HOLLES, NEWCASTLE. (L. S.) HOLDERNESSE. (L. S.) HARDWICKE. (L. S.) WILLIAM PITT. Declaration, belonging to Treaty with the King of Prussia, of 11 April., i789. IN confequence of the convention figned this day, his Britannic majefty very freely declares, that he will immediately apply to his faithful parliament, in order to be put in a condition to pay and to maintain, in Germany, an army of fifty thoufand men, at the expence of the crowTn of Great Britain; and his majefty, moreover, very willingly declares, that in quality of elector, he will likewife augment the faid army with a body of five thoufand men ; the whole of which (hall aft, with the utmoft vigour, againft the common enemy, in concert with the king of Pruffia, in fuch places, as the reafon of war, and the good of the common caufe fhall require. And that nothing, which can reafonably be defired of his majefty, may be left unattempted for the good of the common caufe, in a manner confiftent APPENDIX. 1Q confident with the fafety of his kingdoms, and the vigorous profecution of the neceffary ope- rations in America, it is the intention of his majefly, that a considerable part of his land- forces, and a fquadron of (hips, deflined for the fervice of the channel, (liould be employed in fuch a manner, as may the mofl effectually annoy the enemy ; for which purpofe his ma- jefly has ordered a camp to be formed in the ifle of Wight. And as Mr. Michell, the Pruf- fian minifter, refident at his majefly's court, has reprefented, how advantageous it would be to the affairs of his Pruffian majefly, that a de- tachment of the Englifh troops fhould be fent to fecure the town of Embden, till fuch time as the king of PrufTia (hall be able to take proper meafures for the protection of that place ; the king hefitates not to give his Pruffian majefly this frefh proof of his fincere friendfhip, and for that purpofe hath ordered one of his batta- lions to march, without lofs of time, to Emp- den ; and he will caufe to be communicated to the minifler of his Pruffian majefly a copy of the inflruclions drawn up for the commander of that battalion. As foon as the convention figned to-day fhall have been communicated to the parliament (a flep neceffary for making good the pecuniary fupply therein flipulated), and as foon as, in confequence of that communication, the fum (hall have been voted ; it will then depend upon his Pruffian majefly to make ufe of it at fuch times as he fhall jud^e proper. " C 2 Tis 20 APPENDIX. 'Tis with the fmcereft regret, that the king again finds himfelf under an abfolute neceflity of refuting to enter into any engagement with regard to fending a fquadron of fhips into the Baltic. In order, however, Hill further to con- vince his Pruman majefty, that the fole and only fource of the difficulties which occur on this point, is the inutility and danger of fend- ing thither a fmall fleet, and the impoffibility of being able to fpare one that could make itfelf fufficiently refpecled in thofe parts, and by no means a regard to any of the powers who have taken part in the war ; and in order to demon- ftrate the more clearly to all Europe, that, from the moment of the ratification of the prefent treaty, their Britannic and Pruflian majefties have the fame friends, and the fame enemies ; the king is ready to make fuch a declaration, as, in the opinion of his Pruflian majefty, may ftrengthen the common caufe, and promote their mutual interefls ; in cafe the king of Pruf- fia, in the prefent difpofition of the courts of Peterfbourg and Stockholm, recommends a lan- guage different from that which his Pruffian ma- jefty hath hitherto advifed and concerted with die king. Done at London, the nth day of April, 1758. (L. S.) ROBERT HENLEY, C. S. (L. S.) GRANVILLE, P. (L. S.) HOLLES, NEWCASTLE. (L. S.) HOLDERNESSE. (L. S.) HARDWICKE. (L. S.) WILLIAM PITT. Con- APPENDIX, 21 Convention between his Majesty and the King of Prussia, 7TH Dec. 1758. BE it known to all thofe whom it either does or may concern, that the burdenfome war in which his Pruflian majefty finds himfelf engaged, laying him under a neceflity of making new efforts to defend himfelf againfl the numerous enemies who have invaded his dominions ; and being thus obliged to enter into new meafures with his Britannic majefty, in order to provide reciprocally and jointly, for their mutual de- fence and common fafety ; and his majefty the king of Great Britain having at the fame time fignified a defire of ftrengthening the bands of friendfhip which fubfift between the two courts, and to agree anew, upon this occafion, and to this end, by an exprefs convention, upon the fuccours by which he may aftift his Pruftian majefty the molt fpeedily and the moft effec- tually : their faid majefties have, for that pur- pofe, named and authorifed their refpective minifters, viz. — [The names of the minifters are the fame with thofe in the treaty immediately preceding.] Art. I. It is agreed, that all former trea- ties, fubfifting between the two courts, of what date and nature foever, and efpecially that of Weftminfter, of the 16th of January, 1756, as well as the convention of the 11th of April of the current year, fhall be confidered as renewed and confirmed by the prefent convention, in all C 3 their 22 APPENDIX. their points, articles, and claufes, and fhall have the fame force as if they were inferted here word for word. Art. II. This article is the fame with the nrft article of the preceding treaty. Art. III. This article is the fame with the fe~ cond article of the preceding treaty. Art. IV. This article is the fame with the third article of the preceding treaty. Art. V. This article is the fame with the fourth article of the preceding treaty. In witnefs whereof, &c. Done at London, the 7th of December, 1758. (L. S.) ROBERT HENLEY, C. S. L. S.) GRANVILLE, P. L. S.) HOLLES NEWCASTLE, L. S.) HOLDERNESSE. (L. S.) HARDWICKE. (L. S.) WILLIAM PITT. Convention between his Majesty and' the King of Prussia, ^th November, THIS treaty is the fame with the preceding, except the alteration of the date ; and is figned by the fame mimfters. Con* appendix. 23 Convention between his Majesty King George III. and the King of Prussia, 12th December, 1760. THIS treaty is alfo the fame with the pre- ceding, except the alteration of the date ; and is likewife figned by the fame minifters. This treaty of the 12th of December, 1760, was the last treaty our court made with Prufia dur- ing the war, and it was the first treaty made in the reign of George the Third. It was con- cluded infix weeks after his accejjion, and was a copy of the treaty of 1758, the third article of which the reader has olferved runs thus : ({ Neither of the high-contracting parties (hall " conclude any treaty of peace, truce, or neu- " trality, or agreement whatever, with the " powers who have taken part in the prefent " war, but in concert and mutual agree?nent, and t( by comprehending each other by name." The treaty of peace between Great Britain and France, fignea at Paris on the tenth day of Fe- bruary, 1763, was concluded, without the content and mutual agreement of the King of Fruffia. The fact is notorious, and efiabliflicd beyond con- tradiction. Thus was obferved the maiden faith of the new reign, and the whole world were thereby given to underjland, that the faith of the Britijh nation depended not upon any jenje of public ho- nour or dread of private reproach, but upon the caprice of a favourite, deciding upon national mea/ures, and influencing the appointment of Tiiiniflers. Sir William Temple obferves — " A C 4 w breach 24 APPENDIX. " breach of faith is highly unjuft in a fubjecl, " bur abfolutely unpardonable in a prince." F. CHARACTER of GEORGE II. THIS prince, though not born in this coun- try, was educated in thofe principles by which the nation rofe to power and happinefs, and glo- ried in being the king of a free people. He car- ried the power and commerce of the nation to a degree to which they had never till then at- tained. Abroad, he eftabiifhed the importance, the honour, and dignity of his crown, upon a footing not known before his time to a king of this country, and made the name of English- man refpectable in every corner of the world. No foreign power trifled with his refentment, or defpoiled his people with impunity. It hath been faid that he had prejudices ; and the aiTer- tion, from the mouths of Tories and Jacobites, fhould not furprife us. The nation was bene- fited by the prejudices of this prince. Abroad, they operated againft the natural enemies of the kingdom ; at home, againil the enemies of the national freedom, and of the proteltant eftablilh- ment made at the revolution : againil: thofe who preferred the odious tyrannical government of the accurfed race of Stuart, to the mild and legal government of the Houfe of Hanover; againil; thofe who held to the divine, indefeafible, heredita- ry right of princes, and to the flavifli doctrines of palfive obedience and non-rehftance ; thofe men who, APPENDIX. 25 who, when in pofTeflion of power, in every inftance, have driven hard to the deftruction of England, and from whofe pernicious projects this country- hath been more than once faved by almofl mi- raculous interposition. If he headed a party, it was the molt glorious of all parties — the na- tional freedom ; if he encouraged and fupported a particular fet of men, it was thofe who diffin- guifhed themfelves mofl in their attachment to that caufe ; if he were averfe to another fet, he was only averfe to them as public men ; averfe to their being in the firft departments of the ftate, becaufe their maxims of government were in- compatible with the happinefs of his people ; and when he did employ them, which he did more frequently than they deferved to have been, he took care to put it out of their power to praclife their mifchievous principles, by diftri- buting them chiefly among the fubaltern offi- cers of the Hate, and by keeping a fufficient number of whigs in the higher departments to watch and over-rule their pernicious projecls. If he loved war, he made not his own fubjecls the devoted objecl s of his vengeance. Foreign, national, natural, manly war, upon Britifh prin- ciples, in defence of Britifh rights, he indeed entered into, profecuted with ardour, and reaped the moft glorious confequences from, for this country, He was honeft, wife, brave, and liberal. Capable of opening his heart to new connections, he did not contract and give it up to one man ; but when the voice of his people demanded it, he yielded up the objecl of his choice, 2& APPENDIX. choice, and received the object, of theirs to his bofoni. The greater! of his favourites, if he ever had any in the criminal fenfe of that term, were made to yield. Sir Robert Walpole and the Duke of Newcaflle, who, by long lives of ufeful fervice, had well earned the favour of this mo- narch, had each their favourite meafures, and at different periods were compelled to facrifice an excife fcheme, and a jew bill, and finally their places, to the demands of his people. He received Mr, Pitt from the people, as the gift of the people ; and when the public good re- quired a facrifice of that refentment which had been excited in his mind by the parliamentary conduct of that perfon, who had oppofed his bed and moil favoured fervants with unufual violence, he made it with manlinefs and dignity. G. Some account of the character of THE RIGHT HONOURABLE HeNRY BlLSON Legge. By Dr. John Butler, who was collated to the see of f)xford, UPON THE TRANSLATION OF Dr. LOWTH, in the Year 1777. THE reputation of men, who have been diftinguimed by their parts, virtues, and public fervices, being canvaffed by many who had little or no perfonal knowledge of them, and the judgments formed by others being fometimes malicious, and generally partial, there remains, in APPENDIX. 27 in moft cafes, fome juftice to be done to the memory and real merits of fuch men. This is but feldom a popular undertaking. The public is more attentive to cenfure than praife ; and, during the lives of eminent men, a true de- fcription of them is difcredited, by the refem- blance it bears to the language of flattery. The character of Mr. Legge is fo circum- flanced, that a true account of him may venture to appear, without foliciting attention or credit. It comes too late to be fufpecled of flattery, and the public is prepoffefied in its favour, which would be confiderable encouragements to an effay of this kind, even without the farther ad- vantage of an appeal, which might be made to many great and refpetfable perfons, who knew Mr. Legge, and are qualified to attefl any truths or expofe any falfehood, concerning him. He was fo well known, that it feems unne- ceffary to mention, that he was nobly born. The formal introduction of a pedigree is fuper- fluous, in the cafe of a character eminently me- ritorious in itfelf; and his noble family will pardon the liberty of faying, that, however great the honour might be, which he derived from his birth, it became inconfiderable, when compared with his perfonal merits and excel- lencies. He Was not educated at any of thofe fchools which produce moft of the ornaments and fup- porters of their country ; but he was a remark- able inftance, how indifferent it is in what nur- fery a man of flrong parts, natural wit, and fu- perior 28 APPENDIX. perior judgment, has been raifed. Notwith- ftanding he entered upon bufinefs very early, and applied himfelf to it with the clofeft atten- tion, very few of his rank were fo well acquainted with the mofl eminent Greek and Roman daf- fies ; and he was Angularly happy in the appli- cation of paflages, which he feemed to have hardly time to confider. He was defigned, in his younger years, for the fervice of his country, in the royal navy ; but that fervice being at that time inactive, he quitted it after one or two voyages, and becom- ing known to Sir Robert Walpole, was received into the family and confidence of that minifter ; and, after having filled the flation of his fecre- tary for fome years, he obtained a feat in par- liament, and paffed through the feveral offices of fecretary to the treafurer ; fecretary to the Duke of Devonfhire, father of the late Duke, as lord-lieutenant of Ireland ; one of the com- miffionersofthe admiralty; envoy-extraordinary to the court of Berlin ; treafurer of the navy ; chancellor and under-treafurer of the exche- quer, and one of the commilfioners of the trea- fury ; and he continued, to the laft, one of his majefty's privy council. Thefe things are barely, and perhaps not accurately mentioned, becaufe other men have paffed through fuch offices. Eminence of fla- tion not being, in every cafe, an argument of eminent worth, it is, in itfelf, but a feeble re- commendation to pofterity, and will prove no more at beft, than that the perfon exalted was fortunate. APPENDIX. 29 fortunate. The moderation and equanimity with which Mr. Legge bore his fuccefs, was the more extraordinary, as he was one of the few men advanced to high offices, who are not fo much obliged to fortune, as to themfelves ; and if his character could be duly reprefented to future times, his promotion would appear to have done honour to the prefent age. The characters of perfons of diiiinclion are often celebrated, by a recital of the vices and failings from which they are exempt ; and in this view, there are perhaps none, among the moil exceptionable, totally excluded from praife. But this would be but a poor defcription of the real virtues and excellencies of Mr. Legge. They were inconfiftent with many or great fail- ings, and they fo poflefled the attention of his obfervers, and fo effectually concealed the few foibles which he might have, that malice itfelf appears, from fome things which were faid of him, to have been quite at a lofs, on what part of his character to alight. He did not pretend to be fingular in any of his virtues, and it would be a needlefs exag- geration to reprefent him fo. But fome of the virtues he had, appeared fo much the genuine refult of that happy conftitution of heart and temper, which diftinguimed him, that they be- came charafteriftical in him ; and a defcription of his perfon and manner would not prefent him more ftrikingly to the memory of thofe who knew him, than the bare mention of his integrity, candour, and benevolence. But 30 APPENDIX. But he was diftinguifhed by abilities h& com- mon than even his virtues. They might feem to be limited, as having been chiefly difplayed to the public, in the lad office he filled. But the fundamental qualifications for fuch offices of bufinefs as are not profeffional, being much the fame, it may be fa id, without derogating from the great men who have excelled in their departments, that Mr. Legge was qualified for any. With a penetrating apprehenfion, and a memory remarkably tenacious of fubftantial knowledge, he had a judgment fo clear and found, that it feems hardly poflible for any hu- man mind to be more accurate, unembanaffed, and comprehenfive of all the ideas related to the fubjecl before him, as well as of all the confequences which follow from comparing them. He affifted thefe great powers of his under- flanding by an indefatigable induflry, not com- monly annexed to extraordinary parts ; and he kept his mind open for the admiffion of any material inftrucuon, by a modeity of temper natural to men who feem to need infiiruftion leaft. Though he was never firfl commiffioner of the treafury, yet his office of chancellor of the exchequer obliging him to move for the fupplies in parliament, and to promife the ways and means, he feemed to think himfelf refpon- fible for his knowledge in the bufinefs of his office, as well as for his integrity in the difcharge of it. He did not, it is well known, folicit, nor accept the office without reluctance, being dis- couraged APPENDIX. $i couraged by the diftinguifhed abilities of two great predeceffors of his, whofe eminence in that branch was particularly known and under- ftood by him. But he was prevailed with to facrifice his eafe and happinefs ; and he foon manifefted how confiderable the facrifice was, in his eftimation, by the affiduity with which he applied himfelf to the ftudy of the whole fyftem of the public revenue, as well as by the gratitude with wThicli he embraced the aids that books or men could give him ; and, by naturalizing in his own mind all the knowledge he could collecl, he acquired in a very fhort fpace of time as familiar an acquaintance with that complex important bufinefs, as if he had been trained up to it from his infancy, and had made it the fole ftudy of his life. He digefted in his thoughts, and knew how to deliver with the utmoft precifion and per- fpicuity, a methodical account of the produce of every tax ; of its former ftate ; of its proba- ble future diminution or increafe ; of its relation to any other tax, as well as to public liberty ; of the condition of every branch of trade and luxury, and of the country in general, to bear the burthens laid upon it ; of the ftate of public credit, and the due proportion between the terms of a loan and the public exigencies ; of the means of alleviating the national burthens, by real ceconomy, in the reduction of the efta- bliftiment, as well as by practicable unpretend- ing fchemes for the gradual difcharge of the public 32 APPENDIX. public debt ; and of the various contingencies which might forward or retard that great work. He has left written evidences of the lingular (kill and accuracy with which he confidered each of thefe fubjecls. Furnifhed with this knowledge, to a degree apparently peculiar to him, he entered upon his office with the additional advantage of a general prepoffeffion in favour of his integrity ; and during the time he ferved the crown in that department, he executed, without the power of a minifter, and without any lofs of popularity, the moft unpopular, though at that time ne- ceffary wTork, of raifing more fupplies, than had ever been raifed, within the fame number of years. The popularity of the adminiftration with which he acled, and the encouraging fuccelfes of the war, doubtlefs greatly affifted him ; and it would be infamous to detract, in any degree, from the merits of an adminiftration which did fo much honour to the king and nation. But they who have the fpirit to perfevere, in ad- miring the public meafures of that time, will do Mr. Legge the juflice to confefs, that his per- fonal merit, and his credit with parliament and with the public, were always clearly difcernible, when he conducted the invidious part of the bufmefs of government. Without pretending to eloquence, and with a fubjecl: which will not eafily admit the exer- cife of that talent, he was heard with an atten- tion feldom paid to fpeeches, which muft confift l principally APPENDIX. 3g principally of arithmetical details. He was fare to keep up that attention, by a precifion in his thoughts, which would not permit him, had he been inclined, to be tedioufly verbofe ; and he preferved his own, and, in a certain degree, the credit of government, by neither pretending nor promiiing more than he could, with the firicieft regard to truth. After his difmiffion from office, he continued, whilfl his health would permit, to attend with the fame application and vigilance, to the na- tional finances, as a member of parliament ; and, in more than one inftance, he affifted per- fons who had no particular claims upon him, rather than the crown or public mould fuffer by his filence. And this he did at a time when he thought himfelf perfonally affronted, bv the refolution of a great board to deprive a near relation of his, who was not of an a^e to be obnoxious to government himfelf, of an, emolument which had with equal propriety and kindnefs been conferred upon him. With fo deep and exteniive a fund of know- ledge, fo precifely arranged in his mind, and moft judicioufly applied to the fervice of his country, Mr. Legge was eminently qualified for the more inactive enjoyments of literature. Befides the pleafure he extracted from the bed hiflorians, philofophers, and divines, he had a tafle for works of imagination, not common even among fcholars ; and knew how to relieve his labours and cares, in his few vacant hours, with the belt writers of that kind, ancient and Vol. III. D modern, 34 APPENDIX. modern, whole beauties he would relifli and aliimilate to his own ideas, with all the fatis- faclion of an ingenious man at perfect leifure. But his friends could not fpare him much uninterrupted pleafure of this fort ; for he had another faculty, likewife foreign to the unen- tertaining track of bufmefs. He was one of the bell companions of his time. His wit was co-» pious, eafy, chearful, chafte, and original. He would animate the graven1 converfation with fome flriking image which prefented all the ef- fential circumftances of a fubjecl at once before the mind ; he illuftrated liis images by embel- lishments, which the molt fruitful imagination could not produce, without the aid of a moft chearful temper. Having a perpetual fupply of this fort of entertainment, he was never tempted to have recourfe to the poor expedient of keeping up mirth by exceffes of Iicentioufnefs. Nor would his humanity fuffer him to difplay his wit at the expence of any perfon in com- pany. He could be lively without the aid of other men's foibles ; or if they preffed upon him fo directly, as not to be avoided, his raillery was inoffenfive, and even agreeable to the ob- ]ctl of it. If abfent men were mentioned, whom lie either diliiked or defpifed, he had the happy art of venting his difguit or contempt by fome pleafant exprefiion of indifference, wrhich fhel- tered perhaps an odious or a defpicable cha- racter from more fevere reflections, by only giving it a ridiculous aipecl. Had his good Iciyings been treafured up, as thofe of much inferior APPENDIX. 35 inferior wits have been, they would have de- fcended to poiierity ; and many of them would have been relifhed, without a comment in any age. But he aimed at no reputation of this fort, and was fo natural and eafy in his manner, that his brighter!, thoughts dropped from him, like common converfation, without the leaft appear- ance of any view to the fuccefs with which they were delivered. Thefe extraordinary powers, which are ihl~ dom united in the fame mind, and continued remarkably vigorous in his, to his lad: moments, were the more amiable as well as folid in him, as they were accompanied by a moll virtuous heart. It would be a painful talk, and revive the excefTes of private grief, to reprefent the lofs of him in his domeftic character, where he was, in every refpecl and relation, an ill urinous example of fidelity and tendernefs. But his benevolence was not limited here, nor by any other known boundary, than the limits of his power, or the demerits perhaps of particular men. Nor wTere thefe, in every cafe, obflacles to his good-will. He had doubtlefs penetra- tion enough to difcern human failings upon a very flight acquaintance; but he never fuffered his mind to dwell upon them, if he could dif- cover, or thought he had difcovered a fufficient quantity of that probity and good-nature, which he valued above other accomplifhments, and efteemed a compenfation for many failings. He feemed more particularly averfe to hypo- crify and affeclation of every fort, perhaps as D 2 being 36 APPENDIX. being moft oppofite to his own temper and cha- ra6ler. Common infirmities appeared either ridiculous or tolerable to him ; but he could not. bear to fee the commerce of mutual good-will and efteem interrupted by the frauds of unfair dealers, who give themfelves credit for more virtue and ability than they have. He had a better right than moft men, to entertain and exprefs a ftrong diflike offuch perfons, not only as he was difpofed, in other cafes, to make great allowance for the natural defire men have to advance forward in life. He was known to contribute warmly, to the utmoft of his power, fometimes at the hazard of his power, to pro- mote the views of his friends. He would in- genuoufly confefs, that he had an end. of his own, in conferring fuch obligations. His ftate of health, till within a year before he died, feemed to promife him a vigorous and lading old age ; and he thought a faithful obliged friend would be the molt valuable of all the Sub- fidia Seneclutis, His fincerity bein°: like the reft of his virtues, tinctured with his natural good-humour,, pro- duced in him that amiable candour which fome- times broke out, in the midft of political con- tefts, in a frank acknowledgment of truths on either fide, which little minds, engaged in con- tefts, are ftudious to fupprefs. Indeed, he could well afford to be candid on all occafions, being confcious, that the known purity of his intentions would fupport him in any conceffion which truth or jTood-natureimnelled him to make. He APPENDIX. 37 He was as ingenuous in fpeaking of himfelf, as upon any other fubjecl ; and, inftead of urg- ing his pretentions with vehemence, or, as is often done, with a difregard to truth, he was never known to afllime falfe merit in his con- duel, either public or private ; and his friends rather blamed him, for not valuing himfelf fuf- ficiently upon the merit he could truly pretend to. But he was of too gentle and eafy a mind, to avail himfelf of all his claims, and trufted to the world, of which he had a better opinion, than men of penetration generally have, that his conduct, fo far as it was underflood, would fecure to him as much reputation, as he defired. Nor was he deceived in his opinion, for the inward refpect of mankind towards him was as general, as he could have wifhed it to be, had ambition been his ruling pafiion. The public fenfe of his worth was fignally mani- fefted at one time, by many unfought marks of efleem, and fuch as have always been thought honourable. Nor did they appear to be the refult of mere tranfient fits of popularity ; for his reputation continued unfhaken to the end -of his life, and the almoft univerfal regret of men of all parties followed him to his grave. But the bed men cannot pafs through life -without fome cenfure. His known public con- duel, and his exemplary private life, ieemed to fecure him from any attack of this fort. But envy and malice being keen and active, will fufpect where they cannot charge, and infi- nnate where they cannot accufe. The Uriel D 3 and 38 APPENDIX. and unaffected ceconomy he practifed in behalf of the public, as far as lay in his power, toge- ther with his averfion in his private life, to the mere glittering expences of vanity, br eight upon him the fufpicion of too much parfimony in his temper, which they, who belt knew Mr. Legge and his affairs, know to have been ill founded. He did not tranfgrefs the bounds of his fortune, and involve his pofterity in diffi- culties, in order to purchafe himfelf the tem- porary fame of fplendour and magnificence ; but he did full juilice to the world, by living up to his rank and fortune, as well as by many private acls of beneficence, which he was too generous to divulge ; and, after having evinced his difintereffednefs, on many occafions, in the courfe of public bufmefs. he amply fatisfied thofe, who might fufpect him of parfimony, or might, from his unpretending manner, miftake him as wanting the fpirit of which he did not boalt, that he valued his honour more than any other conficieration. It would have rufflced to mention this in ge- neral terms, without entering into a proof of it, had he not made it his dying requeft to the noble perfonage, who was belt, intitled to his affection and confidence, to lay before the pub- lic, in vindication of him, the only reafons-he knew of his difmiflion from office. He had ac- quiefced filently in that difmifiion, apprehend- ing, that the time might come, when his irre- proachable conduct and character would efface the impreflion of private mifreprefentations. But when APPENDIX. 39 when he found, that the hopes of a recovery, with which he was often flattered, in the courfe of his difeafe, were quite vanifhed, and that it would be his lot to die in a ftate of difgrace with a moft amiable and virtuous k , he appre- hended for himfelf, left his good name, which the bed men have always wifhed to tranfmit to pofterity, fhould fufter from a prefumption, eafily propagated, that there mult have been fbmethmg wrong in hi-n, to produce a difmiftion, which is, in the cafe of moft individuals re- moved from* offices of ftate, a punifhment of mifconducl. He was therefore anxioufly defirons the world [hould know, th?t he was not turned out for any blemiih in his private or public character, and he thought it the moft fatisfaelory method of fecuring his pofthumous reputation, to publiih the few papers, which explain his cafe. He apprehended himfelf intitled to do this in his own vindication, as the papers contain no fe- crets, either of ftate, or of private friendfhip. They are, agreeably to his defire, here laid be- fore the world, in their original form, with only a previous ihort narrative of the tranfac- tion, which occafioned them. Upon the prefent Duke of Bolton's acceffion to his title, in the year 3759, Mr. Legge was lolicited to fucceed his Grace, as one ci the re- prefentatives of the county of Southampton, his own {eat in parliament chancing at that time to be vacant. He could not well have betn im- portuned to an undertaking more unpleafant D 4 to 40 APPENDIX. to him, and he declined it more than once, with- out referve. The buftle of a popular election was unnatural to his liberal mind and manners, and a relation of that kind to a large county, in which he refided, might appear inconvenient to him, whofe hands were at that time filled with public bufmefs. But he was prevailed with to accept the offer, by the repeated intrea- ties of his friends, which were enforced by the plea, that his fortune and character would do credit to a party, which had all his life been countenanced by government, and with which he had ever afted uniformly, though with un- diiTembled moderation and good humour to- wards the other party. And he had the far- ther encouragement, of hoping, from the in- terefi; of the crown exerted in his favour, in conjunction with that of the then prevailing party in the county, as well as with his own perfonal intereil, which was very confiderable, that his election would not be contefted. However he fell into the difagreeable work of a conteft. His competitor was Mr. Stuart, now Sir Simeon Stuart ; and he found Mr. {>tuart's intereft adopted by a noble Lord (Lord Bute) with whom Mr. Legge was not at vari- ance ; who had no apparent relation of any kind to the county; whom therefore Mr. Legge did not think of confulting, before he refolved to comply with the defire of his friends. After the county had been canvaffed on both fides, Mr. Stuart thought fit to decline, and Mr, Legge received t;he following letter: " Dozoning- APPENDIX, 41 " Dozoning-flreet, Nov. 25, Monday evening. " Dear Sir, " Lord Bute fent to me this morning, and told me, that having an opportunity of faving you, he had embraced it, and done you an act of friendfhip ; for that Mr. Stuart having been with him for his advice, whether to leave or purfue the election, as fome of Mr. Stuart's friends thought this critical feafon of an inva- fion hanging over the kingdom to be a very im- proper time for parliamentary contefts, his Lordlhip had determined the point for relin- quiihing the purfuit; in confequence of which Mr. Stuart was to acquaint you with his refolu- tion of declining a poll. Lord B. added, that neither he, nor the greater perfon whole name hath been ufed during the competition, would ever treat you with the more coldnefs for what hath happened : your part having been taken under an ignorance of their views and inten- tions ; that Lord B. expected, however, as he had a claim upon you, in right of friendfhip, that you will concur with him, and give your aid to the perfon he (hall recommend, at a fu- ture election. I anfwered to the lair point, that I knew not, how far you would think your- felf bound in honour to acl with the bodv of whigs on fuch an occafion ; but if this confi der- ation did not hinder, I was fure you would be happy to give him that or any other evidence of your refpecl for him. * You 42 APPENDIX. " You will be pleafed therefore, to confidcr well, and (if you pleafe) with the advice of your friends, before you give an anfwer on this head, that may tie you down, for on that anfwer you plainly lee, very much will depend. (t I am, " Dear Sir, " Faithfully yours, S. M. To this letter Mr. Lesr^e returned the follow- mg aniwer : i! Ilolle, Dec. 5th, 1759. " Dear M. " I return you many thanks for your letter. Since I received it, I have had an opportunity of feeing a little more of the fpirit and temper of the county, and can anfwer it better, than I could have done fooner. L r H e do me great juflice in fuppoling I was totally ignorant of their concerning themfelves at all in the Hampfhire election, at the time my en- gagements were taken. I am obliged to Lord B. for any intentions he had to fave me, by the advice he gave to drop oppolition ; but if Mr. Stuart, or his friends, had accepted the offer I made, with the concurrence of my friends, at the beeinninar and as foon as I difcovered what turn the election might take, every wilh of Mr. Stuart's had been fecured, the peace of the county 3 APPENDIX. 43 county never been interrupted, little lefs than 5000I. a piece faved to us both ; and what is flill of more confequence, a month's fermentation of parties been entirely prevented, which never fails to turn them all four. Many of thefe good confequences had likewife been obtained, if the gentlemen had confulted, and enabled Lord B. to put an end to the conteil, before I left Lon- don, when you know how unwilling I was to pum it to extremity. " As to the event of the election, there was not the leaf! doubt about it. The county was thoroughly canvafled, and upon as exact returns, as I believe ever are or can be made in a cafe of this kind, I could have given Mr. Stuart all the doubtful ones and all the neuters, in addition to his own poll, and yet have carried the elec- tion by a majority of 1400. I did not come into a (ingle town, (except Alton; where it was not expected every day, that the oppolition would be given up, and where almoft any odds would not have been laid, that it never came to a poll. Nor do I think any confutation would have been held about dropping the affair, if all the money fubfcribed againft me, and more, had not been expended, and all probabi- lity of carrying the point entirely vaniihed. This is my own firm opinion and belief, and yet, whoever reads my advertifement will fee, that I have afted with the utmoft candour, and given my opponents credit for fuch motives of retreat, as 1 am fure do them no difhonour. The expence indeed would have been enor- mous, 44 APPLNDIX* mous, if the difpute had been carried thorough, and fo far I own there is a faving to us both, for I am convinced it would have amounted to above 20,000 1. a piece. This is a fum I fhould have felt feverely, and yet after my offer to compromife had been rejected, I mult and would have fpent it, and could have done it without mortgaging my eftate ; I leave you to judge, what effect it would have had on Mr. Stuart's. " After faying thus much, lam very far from having any perfonal dlllike to Mr. Stuart • on the contrary, I think he has been cruelly treated by fome of his friends ; and if the prevailing party in this county will receive him without oppohtion, I fhall be very well fatisfied and glad of it. But if the whigs and diffenters, who are very numerous in this county, will make a point of oppoling him, it will be impoflible for me to declare for him and abandon thofe, who have fupported me, to take part with thofe, againft whom they have fupported me. This would not only put my own election in jeopardy, but be fo ungrateful and difreputable a part for me to acl, that it would in the fame proportion make my affiftance ineffectual to the perfon I fhould join with. w I am, &c. « H. B. LEGGED Upon this anfwer Mr. Legge received a ver- bal meffage from lord B. by Mr. M. Dec. 12, 175^5 the purport of which was, as it (lands upon .Mr. APPENDIX. 45 Mr. LeCGe's paper, " that he fhould bid adieu to the county of Southampton at the general election, and affift, as far as lay in his power, the P of W 's nomination of two mem- bers ;" to which meiTage a categorical anfwer was required, and Mr. Legge fent the follow- ing in writing on the fame day : " Mr. Legge underflanding it to be expecled, that he (who never had engaged at all in the county of Southampton, if the intentions of L r H had been in time commu- nicated to him) mall not only refufe to be chofen himfelf at the next general election, but affift Lord Carnarvon and Mr. Stuart, in oppoiition to thofe who have fupported Mr. Legge at the late election; is determined to fubmit to any confequences rather than incur fo great a dif- grace." Lord B. fent a reply the fame day, which Mr. M. wrote down from his mouth, in the follow- ing words : " The inftant Mr. Legge reprefents himfelf as bound in honour not to decline ftanding for Hampfhire, at the next general election, lord B. is firmly perfuaded that the P will bv no means defire it of him ; but he does out of real friend (hip to Mr. Legge befeech him to confider very ferioufly, whether, after triumphing over the P 's inclinations at prefent, lord B. has any method left of removing prejudices, that the late unhappy occurrences have ftrongly im- prefled the P with, than by being enabled to affure him, that Mr. Legge will, as far as (hall be 45 APPENDIX. be in his power, co-operate with his R — H -*5 wifhes at the next general election." Mr. Legge returned the following final an- fwer : " Though in facf Mr. Legge has been fo un- happy as to find himfelf oppofed to P « of \V 's inclinations, yet as to intention, Mr, Legge feels himfelf entirely blamelefs ; and has too high a veneration for the P of W 's juftice to think he will conceive lafting prejudices againft any man, for refilling thofe inclinations, of which he was totally ignorant. " As Mr. Legge flatters himfelf, this confi- deration will induce the P of W to forgive his entering into engagements with the county of Southampton, he is certain that his R — H will not condemn his adher- ing to thole engagements, when entered into. " God forbid Mr. Legge ihould be fufpecl ed of triumphing over the P — of W- s inclinations ! The contrary was fo much his intention, that from the moment he discovered which way thofe inclinations lay, there was no endeavour he did not ufe, to avoid the difpute with honor ; nor did Mr. Legge exert himfelf, either in point of expence or perfonal applica- tion, till all compromife being rejected, he had no other part left to acl. tf Mr. Legge is obliged to Lord B. for the friend fhip he exprefles towards him. Surely his lordfhip cannot doubt but that Mr. Legge fhould be extremely glad, if he could find him- felf in fuch a fituation, as would permit him to have APPENDIX. 47 have the honour of obeying- the P — ■ of W 's commands, and feconding his wifhes, without breaking the faith he has openly and publicly .pledged to the county of Southamp- ton. This, if he were to do, he mould forfeit all title to the P of W 's countenance and protection, as certainly as he knows he he mould forfeit his R H 's pri- vate good opinion." Here the correfpondence ended. His late majefty died the year following, and at the end of the firft feffion of parliament, after his prefent majefly's acceffion, Mr. Legge was difmifled, or as he chofe to exprefs it, turned out, after having fervcd the crown and the public, in his department, during that feffion, with his ufual ability and fidelity. He had abundant refources, in his own mind, to reconcile him to private life, and might have had his difgrace glolled over by a favour, which he declined. He laid it was his duty to submit, but not to approve. He had the more valu- able and independent fatisfaclion, f'oon after the event, to be unanimoufly chofen to reprefent the county of Southampton at the general election. The eircumftances of his iaftillnefs are no far- ther connected with this account of him, than as fome of them remarkably confirmed it, by ex- hibiting the natural ferenity of a ftrong and good mind, in the lafl and greateft of all human diftrefles. As he was above diflembling his fatisfaclion at the hopes of life, which frequently appeared, fo he was above regretting the loi'a of 48 APPENDIX. of longer life, or dreading the approach of death, when his cafe v7as pronounced defoerate. He would reafon about the little difference betwixt dying at one time or another, or of this or that difeafe, with a mod exemplary calm- nels, and with the fame undifturbed ftate of mind, with which any philofopher in perfect health, ever wrote about death. And when the fentence of nature againfl him appeared quite ir- revocable, he was a mining, though melancholy, inftance of a truth, from which great conclu- fions have been drawn, that the life and vigour of the human mind, may continue to the lad, unimpaired by the moft extreme weaknefs and decay of body. It would be too little to fay of fo excellent a man, that the memory of him will be honoured, during the lives of his furvivors ; for, if emi- nent ability and integrity, manifefled in of- fices of the higheft trull and confequence ; if a zeal for public liberty, exerted on all proper occafions, with firmnefs and decency ; if all the talents and virtues which render men refpecl- able and amiable, united in one confpicuous character, and applied to the benefit of man- kind, give that character any chance for perma- nent fame after death, it may be confidently hoped, that Mr. Legge will, in the opinion of polterity, be entitled to one of the firft places among the worthies of the prefent age. * AN- APPENDIX. 49 ANECDOTE. By another Hand. IT is a juft remark, no matter who made it, that the wifefl and belt men are fooneft for- gotten. Every man's experience mull furnifh him with inftances of this kind, and it has been recently exemplified in the little regard which lias been paid to the memory of the late Mr. Legge. who has fcarce ever been mentioned fmce his death but for the fake of fome idle pun upon his name. Yet, though fome per- haps might boafl of more fpecious and orna- mental accomplifhments, yet few were poifelled of more ufeful and refpeclable talents. Sir Robert Walpole, who was no bad judge of men, upon his early acquaintance with Mr. Legge, gave his opinion of him in very awkward, yet in very exprelfive terms. He obferved, that he never met with a man -who had fo little rubbifli about him. Mr. Legge's conduct juftified this fentiment of Sir Robert's ; for in every Depart- ment he filled, he appeared to be perfe61 mafter of his office, and was at once clear, folid, judi- cious, and confident. In fhort, Mr. Legge throughout fupported the characters of a feniible and moderate ftatefman, without being a tool to any party, or a Have to his own paffions. Vol. III. E H. Copies 5<3 APPENDIX. H. Copies of the Declarations, Letters, and Memorials, which passed be- tween England and France, in the Negotiation for Peace, in the Year 1761. Declaration of their Pruffian and Britannic Majejlies. THEIR Britannic and Prudian Majeures, touched with companion, when they reflect on the evils which have been occahoned, and mult ftill necellarily refult from the war which has been kindled for fome years pad, would think themfelves wanting to the duties of humanity, and particularly regardlefs of the intereft they take in the prefervation and welfare of their refpecf ive kingdoms and fubje6ts, if they neglect- ed to ufe proper meafures towards checking the progrefs of this cruel peRilenee, and to contribute towards the re-eftabliihment of public tranquillity. It is with this view, and in order to afcertain the lincerity of their intentions in this refpett, that their aforefaid MajefHes have refolved to make the following declaration : That they are ready to fend Plenipotentiaries to any place which lhall be judged moft con- venient, in order to treat, in conjunction, con- cerning a general and firm peace; with thole whom APPENDIX. 51 whom the Belligerent Powers fhall think proper to authorize on their fide, towards the accom- plifhment of fo falutary an end. I certify, that the above Declaration is the fame which was difpatched to me by the Earl of Holderneffe and the Baron Kniphauzen, in the name, and on the part of their Britannic and Pruffian majefties. Given at the Caflle of Ryfwick this 25th No- vember 1759. Signed L. D. de BRUNSWICK. The Declaration of His Most Chris- tian Majesty. THE pacific difpofitions which the Kings of England and Pruffia exprefled the lait year, and which are conformable to the fentiments of all the Belligerent Powers, having met with fome difficulties which have proved obftacles to their fuccefs, the Courts of France, Vienna, Peters- burg, Stockholm, and Warfaw, have unani- moufiy agreed to invite thofe of London and Berlin, to the renewal of a negotiation fo expe- dient for the welfare of mankind, and which ought to intereft all the powers at war in the caufe of humanity. With this view, and in order to proceed to- wards the re-eflablifhment of peace, they pro- pofe the meeting of a Congrefs, at which they think it will be convenient to admit, with the Plenipotentiaries of the principal Belligerent E 2 Powers, 52 APPENDIX. Powers, no other than thofe of their Allies. If the kings of England and Pruflia adopt this meafure, his Molt Chriitian Majefly, the Em- prefs Queen, the Emprefs of Ruffia, the King of Sweden, and the King of Poland Elector of Saxony, propofe the town of Aufburg, as the place of Congrefs, which they only point out as a town within the reach of all the parties in- terefted, which by its fituation feems to fuit the convenience of all the States, and they will not oppofe the choice of any other town in Ger- many, which their Britannic and Pruffian Ma- jcllies may deem more convenient. His Moll Chriftian Majefly, the Emprefs Queen, the Emprefs of Ruffia, and the Kings of Sweden and Poland, declare farther, that they have made choice of Plenipotentiaries, to whom they will commit their lntereils at the Congrefs, in expectation that the King of Eng- land, the King of Pruflia, and their Allies, will fpeedily make choice of their refpectiveMiniflers, that the Negotiation may not be retarded. The fincerity of this declaration, which the Courts of France, Vienna, Peterfburg, Stock- holm, and Warfaw, have, out of regard to the general good, determined to make to the Courts of London and Berlin, gives them to hope that their Britannic and Pruffian Ma jetties, will fig- nify, by a fpeedy anfwer their fentiments on a fubjeel ib eflential to the peace and welfare of Europe. By order, and in the name of his Moil Chrif- feian Majefly.. Signed, the Duke de CHOISEUL. APPENDIX. 53 Letter from the Duke de Choiseul to Mr. Pitt. Sir, THE King my Mafter, acting In conformity with the fentiments of his Allies, in order, it poffible, to procure the re-efiablifhment of a general peace, has authorized me to tranfmit to your Excellency the Memorial hereto annexed, which folely concerns the interefls of France and England, with relpecl to the particular war between the two Crowns. The King has reafon to hope, that the fincere manner in which he propofes to treat with his Britannic Majefly, will banifh all miftruft in the courfe of the Ne- gotiation if it takes place, and will induce his Britannic Majelly to make the King acquainted with his real fentiments, whether with regard to the continuance of war, or with refpect to the conclufion of peace, as well as in relation to the principles on which they ought to pro- ceed, in order to'procure this blefling to the two nations. I will add, that I am likewife authorifed to affure your Excellency, that in relation to the war in which the Kin? of Pruffia is concerned, the Allies of the King my Mailer are deter- mined to treat of their interefls in the future Congrefs, with the fame franknefs and fmcerity, of which I can give your Excellency aflurance E 3 oa 54 APPENDIX. on the part of France ; and that, fo as not to depart from what is due to their dignity, their fituation, and the demands of juftice, they will bring with them to the Negociation all the ac- quiefcence, which their humanity dictates for the general good of Europe. The King my Matter, and his Allies, do not doubt but that they (hall find the heart of his Britannic Majefty and his Allies, imprefled with the fame fentiments. I efteem it a happinefs that my office makes me the inftrument of con- veying fuch favourable fentiments, which give me an opportunity of affuring your Excellency, with what diflinguifhed conhderation I have the honour to be, &c. Memorial of the Christian King. THE Moft Chriftian King wifhes that the feparate peace of France with England could be united with the general peace of Europe, which his Majefty moft. fincerely defires to efta- blilh ; but as the nature of the objects which have occafioned the war between France and England, is totally foreign from the difputes in Germany, his molt Chriftian Majefty has thought it neceffary to agree with his Britannic Majefty on the principal articles which may form the bafis of their feparate Negotiations, in order to accelerate as much as poifible, the general con- f lufion of the peace. The APPENDIX. 55 The beft method to accomplifh the end pro- pofed, is to remove thole intricacies which might prove obftacles to its fuccefs. In the bufinefs of peace, the difputes of nations con- cerning their reciprocal conquefts, the dif- ferent opinions with refpecl to the utility of par- ticular conquefts, and the compenfations for re- ftitutions, generally form matter of embarraff- ment at a Negotiation of peace. As it is natural for each nation, with regard to thefe different points, to endeavour the acquifition of all pof- lible advantages, intereft and diftruft occafion oppohtions and produce delays. To obviate thefe inconveniencies, and to teftify the fmce- rity of his proceedings in the courfe of the Ne- gotiation of peace with England, the Moll Chriftian King propofes to agree with his Bri- tannic Majefty, that, with refpeft to the parti- cular war or France and England, the two Crowns (hall remain in pofteftion of what they have conquered from each other, and that the iituation in which they fnall ftand on the iff of September, in the year 1761, in the Eaft Indies, on the ill of July in the fame year, in the Weft Indies and in Africa, and on the ill: of May fol- lowing in Europe, (hall be the pofition which (hall ierve as a balls to the treaty which may be negotiated between the two powers. Which (hews that the Moft Chriftian King, in order to let an example of humanity, and to contribute to the re-eftablilhment of the general tranquil- lity, will make a facrifice of thofe reftitutions which he has a right to claim, at the fame time E 4 that §6 APPENDIX. that he will maintain thofe acquifitions which he has gained from England during the courfe of the war. Nevertheiefs as his Britannic Majefty may think that the periods propofed of the lft of September, July, and May, are either too near or too diftant for the interefts of the Britifti Crown, or that his Britannic Majefly may judge it proper to make compenfation for the whole, or for part of the reciprocal conquefts of the two Crowns, the Moil Chriltian King will rea- dily enter into Negotiation w7ith his Britannic Majefly in relation to thefe two objects, when he mail know his fentiments concerning them ; the principal view of his Molt Chriftian Majefty, being to tellify not only to England, but to the whole world, his finccre difpohtion to remove all impediments which might defer the falutary object of peace. The Moft Chriftian King expefts, that the difpohtion of his Britannic Majefty will be cor- refpondent, and that he will, with equal fmce- rity, anfwer all the articles contained in this Me- morial, in which the two Powers are fo eftenti- ally interefted. Thefe pieces were dated the 26th of March, 1761. Mr, APPENDIX. 57 Mr. Pitt's Letter to the Duke of Choiseul. Sir, London, 8th April, 176*1. THE King my Mafter has authorized me to tranfmit to your Excellency, with all the dif- patch which was found poftible, the Memorial hereto annexed, in anfwer to that of the 26th of the lair, month, made by the order and in the name of his Moil Chriflian Majefly, folely con- cerning the interefls of England and France, relative to the particular war between the two Crowns, which was accompanied by a letter from your Excellency of the fame date, tranf- mitted to be by M. the Prince Galitzin. His Majefty has publifhed his real ientiments, with regard to the falutary bufinefs of Peace, with the fincerity which his Chriftian Majefty defires, and of which he himfelf fet the ex- ample ; the King my Mafter, on his part, de- fires nothing more than, by the fincerity of his conduct, to remove all diftruft in courfe of the Ne^ociation. I will likewife acquaint your Excellency, that the King learnt with great fatis faction, that your Excellency was authorized to give aiTur- ance that, in relation to the war which concerns the King of Pruffia, the Allies of his Moft Chriflian Majefty are determined to treat with the fame opennefs and fincerity as the Court of France, and that they will bring with them, to the 58 APPENDIX. the Negotiation at the future Congrefs, all the acquiefcence which their unanimity chelates for the general good of Europe. I muft add that, with regard to the war which concerns the King of Pruflia, as well as with refpecl to the other Allies of the King my Mafler, his Majefty, always conftant in fid- filling the engagements of his crown with the mod fcrupulous exaclnefs, can never fail to fupport their refpeftive interefls, whether in the courle of the Negociation, (which may God profper) or in the continuance of the war, (if contrary to all expectation this misfortune mould be unavoidable) with the cordiality and efficacy of a fincere and faithful Ally. As to what remains, it is fuperfluous to men- tion to what degree his Majefty wifhes for this fpeedy eflablifhment of the general peace in Germany, after the diflinguifhed proof his Ma- jelly has given, in fo readily confenting to the propofition of fo diflant a place as the town of Augfburg for the meeting of the Congrefs. Such are the fincere and upright intentions of the King my Mafler for the re-eft ablifh men t of the public tranquillity. I think myfelf happy in having the charge of conveying fuch fen- timents, and of having an opportunity of af- furing your Excellency of the diflinguifhed regard with which I have the honour to be, 0c. Signed W. PITT. The APPENDIX. $g The Memorial of his Britannic Ma- jesty, of the 8th of April 1761. HIS Britannic Majefty, equally defirous with the Moil Chriftian King, that the feparate Peace of England and France could be united with the general peace, for which the King of Great Britain is fo fincerely interefted, that, in regard to this point, he even means that the contefts which might arife between the two Crowns concerning their particular differences, mould not occafion the lead delay to the fpeedy con- clufion of fo falutary a work as the general peace of Germany ; and his Britannic Majefty is the more confirmed in this fentiment, di6tated by humanity towards fo many nations, that he feels in all its extent the propolition which the Mod Chriftian King eftablifhes as a fundamental principle ; that the nature of the objects which have occafioned the war between England and France, is totally foreign from the difputes in Germany. In confequence of this inconteftible principle, the King of Great Britain entirely adopts the fentiment of his Molt Chriftian Majefty, that it is neceflary to agree between the two Crowns on forne principal articles, which may form the bafis of their particular negociations, in order the more to accelerate the conclufion of a ge- neral peace. The King of Great Britain equally agrees in general to the proportion which the Mofl 3 Chriftian 60 APPENDIX. Chriftian King lias made with an opennefs, in which his Britannic Majefty will concur through- out the courfe of the negotiation ; that is to fay, that, in relation to the particular war be- tween England and France, i. The two Crowns {hall remain in poffeflion of what they have conquered, one from the other. 2. That the fituation in which they (hall (land at certain periods, fhall be the pofition to ferve as a bafis for the Treaty which may be negociated be- tween the two Powers. With regard to the firft branch of the afore- faid proportion, his Britannic Majefty takes pleafure in doing juilice to the magnanimity of His Moft Chriftian Majefty, who, from motives of humanity, determines to facrifice to the love of peace, the ref litution which he thinks he has a right to claim, maintaining at the fame time what he has conquered from England during the courfe of the war. With refpecl to the fecond head of the afore- faid propofition, concerning the reciprocal Conquefts made by the two Crowns one upon another ; that is to fay, That the fituation in which they fhall ftand at the refpeclive periods aftigned for the different quarters of the globe, fliall ferve as a bafis for the faid Treaty, the King of Great Britain again acknowledges with fatisfaclion the candour which is maniiefted on the part of his Moft Chriftian Majefty in this article, by obviating, as he has done, the ex- treme difficulties, and. by anticipating the in- difpenfable objections, which could not but 2 arife APPENDIX. _ 6l arife on fuch afubject; it being in fact felf- evident, that expeditions at fea requiring pre- parations of long (landing, and depending on navigations which are uncertain, as well as on the concurrence of feafons, in places which are often too diftant for orders relative to their exe- cution to be adapted to the common viciiTitudes of negociations, which for the molt part are fubject to difappointments and delays, and are always fluctuating and precarious : from whence it neceiTarily reiults, that the nature of fuch operations is by no means fufceptible, without prejudice to the party who employs them, of any other epochas, than thofe which have re- ference to the day of figning the treaty of peace. Neverthelefs as this confederation, as well as that which refpects the Compenfations (if fuch fhall be found proper to be made between the two Crowns) on account of their reciprocal Conquefts, comprehend the mod interefting and capital articles of the Treaty, and as it is upon thefe two decifive objects, that the Molt Chrift- ian King voluntarily offers to enter into a Ne- gotiation ; the King of Great Britain, defiring to concur effectually with the favourable dif- pofitions of the Moll: Chriflian King, in order to remove all impediments, which might defer the falutary object of peace, his Britannic Ma- jefty declares that he is ready on his part to enter upon the propofed Negotiation with fpeed and fmcerity. And more authentically to de- monfirate to what extent the fmcerity of his conduct 62 APPENDIX. conduct, proceeds, his Britannic Majefty de- clares farther, that he ftiould be glad to fee fome perfon at London fufhciently authorized, by a power from the Moil Chriftian King, to enter upon this fubjecl with the Britifh Minifters, in regard to the feveral articles contained in the Letter of the D. de Choifeul of the 26th of March 1761, to the Secretary of State of his Britannic Majefty, which points are fo eflen- tially interesting to the two powers. By the order, and in the name of the King of Great Britain my Mailer, Signed W. PITT. Letter from the D. de Choiseul to Mr. Pitt. Sir, Verf allies, 19th April, 1761. I MADE the King my mafter acquainted with the letter which your Excellency did me the honour to write to me on the 8th inftant, as well as with the Memorial thereto annexed. His Majefty has remarked with real pleafure, the conformity of his Britannic Majefty 's fen- timents with his own, in regard to the fincere and open conduct which it becomes two fuch great Powers to obferve in the Negotiation of a Peace. The King has not delayed, Sir, the nomi- nation of an Ambaflador to reprefent him at the Congrefs at Angfburg. His Majefty has made APPENDIX. 6# made choice of the Count de Choifeul, at pre- fent his Ambaffador at Vienna, and he will re- pair to the town appointed, at the beginning of July, in the expectation which we entertain here, that his Britannic Majefty will fend his Ambaffador thither at the fame time. The King has commanded me, Sir, to ob- ferve on this occafion to your Excellency, in anfwer to the declaration contained in your let- ter, that his Majeity, as conllant as any other Power, in fulfilling the engagements he has made with the Allies with the molt, fcrupulous punctuality, will continue, with that fidelity which is confident with the integrity and dig- nity of his character, to make his caufe com- mon with theirs, whether in the negotiation for the peace of Germany, or in the continuance of the war, if, to the misfortune of mankind, the favourable difpofitions in which the Belli- gerent Powers are at prefent mould not be at- tended with the fuccefs which is fo earnestly defired. I ought not, on this occafion, to omit in- forming your Excellency with what concern the King would fee himlelf obliged to continue fuch a deftrucfive war, after having entertained a confidence that all the parties were interefted in putting a (lop to the calamities it occafions. As to what relates to the war in particular between Fiance and England, I have annexed to this letter a Memorial in reply to that of your Excellency. We cannot be too zealous in ex- plaining the upright intentions of our Mailers, in 64 APPENDIX. in order to remove, at the beginning of thi^ interefting negotiation, thofe mifunderltandings, which often augment, inftead of leflemns; the delay. You are a Minifter, Sir, too enlightened, not to approve of this principle. I have the honour to be, with moil diflin- guifhed regard, &c. Signed Le Due de CHOISEUL. The Memorial of his Most Christian Majesty of the icjth April, 1761. THE Mod Chriftian King perceives with fatisfaclion, that his Britannic Majefty agrees that the nature of the objects which have occa- fioned the war between France and England is totally foreign from the difputes which have given rife to the war in Germany ; it is in con- fluence of this principle that his Moft Chriftian Majefty offered the King of England to treat concerning the preliminaries relative to the par- ticular interefts of the two Crowns ; but in mak- ing that propofition, the King of France, did not underftand, as the beginning of the Me- morial of London of the 8th of April feems to intimate, that the peace of Germany could take place, without the differences between France and England being adjufted. His Moft Chriftian Majefty has fufheient confidence in his Allies to be certain that they will neither conclude APPENDIX, 65 conclude a peace nor a treaty, without his con- fent. He did not underfland therefore, that the peace of Germany could be concluded dif- tinclly from that of France and England, and he only propofed to the King of England, to ieparate the difcuflion of the two wars, in order to bring about a general peace for all parties. His Mod Chriflian Majefty renews the pro- pofition which he caufed to be made in the firlt Memorial, that the two Powers mould remain in Statu Quo with regard to their poflefhons and coriqueils, according to the periods ftated in the faid Memorial ; but his Majefty obferves, thr.L the bafis of the propohtion is neceffarily connected with the epochas propofed ; for it is eafy to conceive that fuch events may happen on either fide, as may abfolutely prevent an acquiefcence to the Uti Pojfidetis, if the epochas are diftant ; and his Moft Chriftian Majefty has the more reafon to recal the whole proportion, if the King of England does not acquiefce to the epochas annexed to it, fince no one can doubt but that thofe periods were propofed at a time when they were not advantageous to France. It is certain that the reciprocal conquefts cannot be afcertained but on the day of figning the peace ; but it is no lefs certain, that it is impoflible to fix the bafis of a negotiation for peace, otherwife than according to the fituation in which the Belligerant Parties flood at fuch or fuch a period of the war. This is the light in which the King of France underftood the Vol. III. F proportion 66 APPENDIX. propofition which he made to the King of Eng- land ; and it is upon this principle, if his Bri- tannic Majefly adopts it, that his Moll Chriflian Majefly will fend a Minifler to London with credentials, and charged with full power fuf- iicient to treat with the Minifters of the King of Great Britain, either with refpecl to the ground of the difpute, or in regard to the com- penfations proper to be made to the two Crowns, as well as concerning the interefls of their co- lonies and their commerce. The difpofition of his Moil Chriflian Majefly, to put an end to the miferies of war, which divides the two na- tions under their government, is equal to that of his Britannic Majefly ; but as the zeal on both fides mould be alike, at the fame time that the Mofl Chriflian King {hall fend M. Buffy to London, he hopes that the King of Great Bri- tain will knd an Englifh Minifler to France, to treat concerning the fame objecls with his Mi- niftry. His Mofl Chriflian Majefly expecls the anfwer of his Britannic Majefly on the contents of this Memorial, in order to expedite and re- ceive the reciprocal and neceffary paffports. By the order and in the name of the King my Matter, Signed Le Ducde CHOISEUL. Mr. APPENDIX. 67 Mr. Pitt's Letter to the Duke de Choiseul. Monsieur, Whitehall, 28th April, 1761. I HAVE laid before the King my matter the letter which your Excellency did me the ho- nour to write to me the 19th of this month, as alfo the Memorial which was annexed to it. His Majefty fincerely wifties to maintain an entire conformity of fentiments with his Mod Chriftian Majefty, in relation to the uniform and direct method which it is proper to purfue in a Negotiation equally delicate and important. The King underftands, Sir, with pleafure, that his Moft Chriftian Majefty has made choice of the Count de Choifeul to reprefent him at the Congrefs at Augfburg, and that that Am- baflador will repair to the deftined town at the beginning of July ; and the King has charged me to inform your Excellency, that he has nominated the Earl of Egremont, Lord Vifcount Stormont, and Sir Joieph York, to reprefent him at the faid Congrefs, and that his Ambaf- fadors will likewife repair to Augfburg at the beginning of July. It becomes me, on this fubje£t, to acquaint your Excellency, that the regret of the King my mafter would not be lefs than that of the Moft Chriftian Kinsr, to fee the war continued m Germany, which is deftruclive to fo many nations. F 2 I annex 6$ APPENDIX. I annex to this letter a Memorial, in anfwer to that of your Excellency of the 19th inftant, in relation to the war in particular between Great Britain and France. It is true, Sir, the principle of removing mifunderflandings in bu- finefs, upon all occafions, cannot be too highly approved ; therefore it cannot efcape the ob- fervation of your Excellency, that at the be- ginning of an accommodation, unexpected al- terations naturally have the effecl of involving the overtures in obfcurity and uncertainty, ra- ther than of introducing that perfpicuity and confidence, fo indifpenfable in a Negotiation between two fuch great Powers. As the na- tural remedy againft. inconveniences of this na- ture feems to be the prefence of reciprocal Mi- nitowers, who, treating by word of mouth, may give an explanation immediately on ftarting of a doubt, your Excellency will fee by the Me- morial hereto annexed, the difpofition of his Majefly in this refpe£t. I have the honour to be, with the mod dif- tinguifhed regard, Sec. Signed W. PITT. The Memorial of his Britannic Ma- jesty, of the 28TH of April, 1761. THE King of Great Britain, always influ- enced by the fame defire of putting an end to the miferies of the war, which is unhappily kindled between Great Britain and France, has with appendix. 6g with pleafure concurred in every raeafure which tends to remove the obftacles which impede fo falutary a work. It is with this view, that his Britannic Majefty will readily fend Mr. Stanlev to France, in the quality of his Minifler, at the fame time that the Moft Chriftian King (hall lend Mr. Buffy to London. As to what remains, his Majefty does not find by the Memorial of the 26th of laft month, made in the name of his Moft Chriftian Majefty, that the ground of the propofition therein con- tained, concerning the reciprocal conquefts, is neceffarily connected with the periods propofed; quite on the contrary ; it is exprefsly about thofe very periods that the Moft Chriftian King offers to enter into a Negotiation. Thefe are the ex- prefs words : Neverthelefs, as his Majefty may think that the propofed periods of September, July, and May, may be either too near or too aiftant for the inter efts of the Britifh Crown, or that his Britannic Majefty ftiould think proper that compenfation fwuid be made for the xvhole or part of the reciprocal conquefts of the two Crowns ; upon thefe two points, the Mojl Chriftian King -will readily enter into a Negotiation with his Britannic Majefty, when he fliall be acquainted with his intentions. It was in confequence of an offer fo clearly expreffed, and not capable of mifconft.rucl.ion, that his Britannic Majefty refolved to declare, that he was ready on his part to enter, with fpeed and fmcerity, upon the propofed Nego- tiation. The King of Great Britain, perfe- F 3 vering 7fing fome equitable regulation for fecuring to us the long-enjoyed privilege of cutting log- wood (an indulgence confirmed by treaty, and of courfe authorifcd in the mod facred manner) nor could I give ftronger adurances than the pail, of his Ma jetty's Ready purpofe to caufe all eftablifhments on the logwood coafts, contrary to the territorial jurisdiction of Spam, to be removed ;:' and mould your Excellency fee the proper moment for renewing the decla- rations of the fame fort, I am to allure your Excellency of his Majefty's approbation there- in. In order to prevent any perverfe impreflions, which Mr. Pitt's retiring from public bufmefs, at this junclure, might occafion, it is proper that I mould a fibre your Excellency, that the mea- 3 lures APPENDIX, 1/1 fures of government will fufFer no relaxation on that account ; on the contrary. I may venture to promife, that the idea fuggeded by fome malevolent perfons at home, and perhaps in- dujirioudy propagated abroad, ol the whole fpirit of the v,Tar fubiiding with him, iniiead of difcouraging, will only tend to animate the pre- lent mimflry to a more vigorous exertion of their powers, to avoid every podilple imputation of indecifion or indolence, which ignorant pre- judice might fugged : and the example of the ipirit of the late meafures, will be a fpur to his Majedy's fervants to perievere, and to dretch every nerve of this country, towards forcing the enemy to come into a fafe, honourable, and, above all, a lading peace. I further have the pleafure to inform your Excellency, that the molt perfecl harmony, mutual confidence and unanimity, now reign in his Majefly's councils ; with a thorough determination to duAi the war with fuch vigour, as will, it is hoped, under the hand of Providence, procure hill farther f iiccelfes to the jud caufe for which this country clrew the fword. The King, at the lame time, continues to be difpofed, with equal moderation, to put an end to the dreadful calamities of war„ the moment the enemy will liden to fuch terms of peace as fhall be confident with his Majedy's honour, in fome degree adequate to the fuccef- fes of his arms, and calculated, by promifing permanency, to preferve mankind from the va- rious didredes and miferies, which have been fo fatally 1J2 APPENDIX. fatally experienced during the courfe of this cruel and bloody war. I am, &c. EGREMONT. Copy of a Letter from the Earl of Egremont to the Earl of Bristol, dated Oct. 28, 1761. Secret and con- fidential. My Lord, I AM to acquaint your Excellency, that his Majefly does not think proper to confine you, as to the mode of opening yourfelf to Mr. Wall, on the important fubject of this difpatch ; or to prefcribe whether you are to communicate the fubftance of it verbally, or to truft the whole, or any part thereof, out of your hands ; your Excellency's experience of that minifter will, no doubt, fuggeft to you the degree of compliment and confidence which is molt likely to fucceed, and which is, for that reafon, entirely left to your difcretion. I am further to inform your Excellency, for your private direction, That, in cafe you mould 'find infuperable objections to fuch a communi- cation as is expected in my mod fecret letter of this date, and that, in lieu thereof, it (hould be propofed to give his Majefty folemn aflur- ances of the innocence of the treaty in queflion with APPENDIX. 17,3 with refpect to the King's interefts ; in fuch cafe, your Excellency is not totally to reject the al- ternative, but to take it ad referendum to be tranfmitted to your court: provided always, That the laid aflurances be given upon his Ca- tholic Majefty's royal word, iignified in writing, either by the Spanifh fecretary of ftate to your Excellency, or by the Conde de Fuentes to the King's fecretary of flate here, and not other- wife. I am, &c. EGREMONT, Copy of a Letter from the Earl of Bristol to the Earl of Egremont, DATED ESCURIAL, Nov. 2, I761. RE- CEIVED Nov. 14. My Lord, THE furprifing change I have of late per- ceived in General Wall's difcourfe, and the un- looked for alteration of that minifter's fenti- ments, with regard to the prefent fituation of this country, has determined me to difpatch the meflenger Potter to England, that your Lord- fhip may be thoroughly informed of the haughty language now held by this court ; fo different from all the former profeffions made to me by the Catholic King's commands, and fo diame- trically oppofite to the molt folemn and repeated declarations I had received from the Spanifh fecretary 274 appendix'. fecretary of {late, of a thorough refolution id maintain a perfect harmony and good corref- pondence between the two kingdoms, fo re- quifite for their mutual intereil and reciprocal felicity. Such flrong reports of an approaching rup- ture between Great-Britain and Spain, grounded upon feveral authentic afiurances I had received, that fome agreement had been fettled and figned between their Catholic and mod Chriflian Ma- jeures, determined me to enquire minutely into this affair ; and therefore, I took an opportunity of mentioning to Mr. Wall, that notwithft&ncU ing the frequent, and even late declarations he had made to me, concerning the -pacific incli- nations of Spain, yet I could not conceal the' uneaiinefs it gave me, to hear from all parts, both within thefe kingdoms, and from cither countries, that a treaty had not long fince been concluded between the courts of Madrid and Verfailles, and therefore I dehred his Excel- lency would fatisfy my doubts, by informing me, whether there was any ground for thefe rumours ; and in cafe it were poffible, after all that had raffed between us, for fuch a con- vention as was hinted at, to have been con- cluded ; then I hoped to be told of what na^ ture this treaty was, whether oifeniive or fmgly defenfive, what were the principal conditions contained in it, and with what views this Rid- den and clofe union between Spain and France had been calculated : for I could neither hear iuch reports with indifference, nor give credit to APPENDIX, I75 to the truth of them, without an explicit avowal thereof from his Excellency's mouth. Inllead of anfwering me directly, General Wall began, by faying, that the King his maf- ter had reafon to think the conduct of England unwarrantable ; for his Catholic Majefly never could obtain an anfwer from the Britifh mi- niftrVj, to any memorial or paper that was fent from hence, either by the channel of the Count of Fuentes, or through my hands : he told me, we were intoxicated with all our fuccefles, and a continued feries of victories had elated us fo far, as to induce us to contemn the reafonable conceflions France had confented to make us for a peace: but that it was evident, by our refuial or the Due de Choifeul's propofals, all we aimed at was, to cruih Spain, to drive all the fubjecls of the Chriftian King, not only from their iiiand colonies in the new world, but alfo to dellroy their feveral forts and fettlements upon the continent of North America, to have an eaiier talk in feizing on all the Spaniih do- minion in thofe parts, thereby to fatisi'y the ut- moft of our ambition, and to gratify our un- bounded third of conquelt. After M. Wall had worked up his anger to a height I had never before feen, he then faid, with uncommon warmth, That he would him- felf be the man to advife the King of Spain, lince his dominions were to be overwhelmed, at lead to have them feized with arms in his fubjecls' hands, and not to continue the paflive Victim he had hitherto appeared to be in the eves Ij6 APPENDIX. eyes of the world. I attended to this difcourfe3 without interrupting the thread of it ; and, at the conclufion of it, I defired, with the utmoft ferenity, of General Wall, to give me an an- fwer to the queftions I had firft ftarted, and we would afterwards proceed to difcufs what his Excellency had been expatiating upon. But the Spanilh minifler only renewed fome of his former exclamations, by infilling, that we had fet the Spanilh power at defiance during this war ; that we had attacked and plundered their velfels, infulted their coafts, violated the neu- trality of the kingdoms, encroached upon the territorial jurifdiction of his Catholic Majefly's dominions in America, by fortifying ourfelves in an illegal manner in the bay of Campeachy and the gulf of Honduras, creeling frefh fettle- rnents, and feizing on logwood in a mofr arbi- trary manner, befides denying the Spaniards a right, they had fo long claimed, to filh upon the banks of Newfoundland ; nay, even want* ing to put the Bifcayners and Guipufcoans on a worfe footing at prefent, with regard to their pretenfions to the Bacallas trade, than they had been by the treaties of Utrecht and that of 1721, where the article in relation to them was, That thofe Spaniards fhould enjoy qua. jure fibi vindicare poterunt : whereas all my inltruclions had run to declare their claim to be ilale and inadraiffible ; and finally, to affert that England hoped the Catholic King would never expecl this facrifice as the price of a union, which would never be confented to on thofe terms. General APPENDIX. I77 General Wall went on, by faying, He per- ceived he had" in vain given hopes to his royal mailer, that a proper attention would be paid to the Spaniih demands, and juftice be granted to atone for the repeated grievances of his Catho- lic Majefty's -fubje&s; yet he wanted to know where, when, and how, it was to be expected^ fince we (hewed no regard to this country, which had hitherto withftood all the advanta- geous offers made by France to enter into the prefent war. Notwithstanding this fecond digreflion of his Excellency's, I did not deli ft from my point, but renewed my former queftions, by alledging, that the bufinefs I came about, was to receive iome explicit anfwer to what I had before en- quired after. At laft, General Wall replied* he had no orders to acquaint me with any mea- fures but what he had formerly communicated to me, and fignified his not being at liberty to fay any more ; but laid, M. de Fuentes had wrote word, in his letter of the 2d pad, that a courier was to be fent to me, and whenever the content of thofe difpatches were communicated to him (M. Wall) then I mould be acquainted with the refolutions of Spain ; for his Catholic Majelly did not doubt of my receiving inflruc- tions relative to the Spanifh paper I had trans- mitted in my letter of the 31ft of Auguft. It was evident, by the difpofition the fecre- tary of ftate was in during this whole confer- ence, that I fhould at that time gain no ground by any farther enquiries into what I wanted to Vol. III. N be 1^8 APPENDIX. be inftructed in. I therefore broke off here; and after having paid my court, as ufual, with the reft of the arnbafTadors, to his Catholic Ma- jefty, I returned in aboutan hour to the office, under pretence of (hewing an attention I always pay to General Wall, when I intend fending off a meflenger, which was, to defire his Excellency would honour me with me any commands he might have for England, either of a public or private nature. As our converfation in general had been too interefting (whilfl a part of it was fo myfferious') for me not to fend home an ex- act account of ail that had palled, by a fafe con- veyance ; I let this drop, in order to renew the former topic, and, by fo doing, endeavour to procure a little more infight into this myfterious buiinefs. The Spaniili minifter began in his former drain, but multiplied the appearance of his country's grievances; talked of its being time to open their eyes, and not to fuffer a neighbour, an ally, a parent, and a friend, any longer to run the rifque of receiving fuch rigid laws, as were prefcribed by an infulting vicTor: his Ex- cellency told me, the court of Verfailles, after having communicated to the Catholic King, every the mole minute flep taken, during Mr. Stanley's negotiations at Paris, and M.deBufly's conferences at London, had determined to publifh to the whole world, the mortifying terms France had brought itfeif to fubmit to for the fake of peace; and to make known the ar- bitrary unreafonable demands of England, which fruft rated APPENDIX. iyg fruftrated the good intentions of the moflChrif- tian King, whofe humanity had made him con- fent to put an end to the war, even at the dear price of yielding fo much as he had brought himfelf to agree to, in order, if poffible, to fa- tisfy the ambition of Great-Britain. I thought I had fufficiently liftened to all thefe accufations, and that a longer 'iilence would be reproachful. I mufl confefs, the al- legations mentioned by Mr. Wall in the firfl con- ference, were fo unexpected to me, on account of their differing fo v/idely from all prior con- verfations on thofe fubjects, that I thought it more prudent then, only to attend to what his Excellency aflerted, ana afterwards, by a fhort abfence from his clofet, endeavour to recolle6l the fubftance of what had been advanced, that I might be the better enabled to anfwer, though, I feared, not to convince, the Spanifh minifter. I began, by expreffing my furprife, that, when I came to be informed of a ftep fo publicly dif- courfed of in the world, I could not obtain the fatisfaclion I folicited from one. who alone could clear my doubts, and folve my queftions : that all I had been able to find out was, that it feem- ed determined to keep me in the dark; and, in order to divert my attention from the fingle point I wanted to be inflructed in, I had only heard a complicated heap of grievances, flung out with a view to deter me from perfevering in the purfuit of getting my curiofity fatisfied. Up- on that I went methodically through the various fubje&s that had been ftarted by the Spanifh fe- N 2 cretarv l8o APPENDIX. cretary of (late, infilling on the firft difcoverv, and a continued poffeflion of the Newfound- land filherjf, by the King's fubjecls ; whereas the Spaniards had never brought any proofs to back their own aflertions to a claim to that fifhery, whillr. we had clearly deduced our right from the tin :>f Henry VII. Y. itl egard to the logwood trade ; a conftant enjoyment of it for about a century, having been confirmed to us by treaties, under the de- nominations of an indulgence or fuffrance, made it a legal commodity : but as to all ufurped fet- tlements, I had often been ordered to declare the Kings readinefs to have them evacuated, when an equitable regulation was fettled, between the two courts, for our quiet pofTeHion of that va- luable branch of commerce. - Then, as to the feveral complaints of breaches of neutrality, pretended confifcations of goods, unlawful feizures of Spamfh veflels, and all the various blended grievances I had heard of; I could only anfwer, in general, that our courts of law- were open to all complaints, and though parties might go from thence diflatisfied, yet th« juflice of thole courts of judicature had never been impeached. In relation to England's views of forcing our enemies to agree to fuch terms, as we thought might infure our nation from the apprehenlions of a future war;" I defired to know, wdiat in- ftance there was of any country's not endeavour- ing to obtain the rnoft advantageous conditions for hfelf at a peace, efpecially when Providence had APPENDIX. l8l had vouchfafed to blefs a righteous caufe with fuccefs: this was the cafe of Great Britain; wq were bound by flrong engagements to fupport our allies, and infilled on being at liberty to ful- fil thofe engagements according to the extent of them ; whilft we determined to fettle our empire in America upon fuch a footing, as {hould free our colonies there from encroachments, and not leave them to be liable to a repetition of fuch chicanes from the French, as had caufed the be- ginning of thofe disturbances, which had after- wards extended themfelves into Europe. This was the fum of my difcourfe ; and when I recurred to my repeated indances for infor- mation concerning the treaty, all that I could, with difficulty, extort from General Wall, was, that his Catholic Majesty had judged it expedi- ent to renew his family compacts (thofe were the exprefs words) with the moil Chriilian King. I begged to know when thofe corn-pads had been agreed upon: and at what time, whether very lately, or fome months ago, they had received a freih fanclion. Here the Spanifh minister ftopt (hort, and, as if he had gone beyond what he intended, he faid, that the Count de Fuentes and M. Bufly had declared to his Ma jelly's Mi- miters, that all was meant to be communicated to them ; and although I continued in the clofet fome (hort time after that declaration, as I found I was to expecl nothing but a repetition of the fame anfwer to every question I put, I deter- mined to retire. N 3 This, l82 APPENDIX. This, my Lord, is the refuit of my enqui- ries, and here the bufinefs refts at prefent. Two (hips have lately arrived at Cadiz, with very extraordinary rich cargoes, from the Weft Indies; fo that all the wealth that was expecled from Spanifh America, is now fafein Old Spain: perhaps this circuinflance has railed the lan- guage of the Catholic King's miniflers, added to the progrefs, which, we hear, the French army is making in the King's electoral domini- ons, and the fuccefs that has attended the Au- llrian operations in Silefia. I have long ob* ferved the jealoufy of Spain at the Britifh con^ quells ; and am now convinced, that the con- icioufnefs of this country's naval inferiority, has occafioned the foothing declarations, fo repeat* edly made, of adelireto maintain harmony and friendfhip with England : but the French have never difcontinued their flatteries, whillt they fo- licited a junction of forces, alluring the Spa-, niards, that even the figning an alliance between their Sovereigns, would intimidate our court, not only upon account of our being exhaufted by the prefent long and expenfive war, but by our having felt the fatal confequences of an in- terruption of our Spanifh trade, during the lafi war. I am, Sec. BRISTOL. Copy appendix. 183 Copy of a Letter from the Earl of Bristol to the Earl of Egremont, dated escurial, nov. 9, i761. re- CEIVED December 3. My Lord, ACCOUNTS have lately been tranfmitted to me, from feveral ports of Spain, in relation to the military preparations going forward in this kingdom : and the whole difcourfe runs upon an approaching rupture between the King and his Catholic Majefty. Two Spaniih (hips of war are immediately to fail from Cadiz; the one to convoy the Affogues, and the other to protect, feveral Dutch veifels freighted with ammunition flores, bound to Car- thagena in America. Eleven large mips of the line, now 1} ig at Ferrol, are rigged, manned, and ready to put to fea atS a fhort warning-, together with two . to . O' o . frigates ; one of which is bound to the South Seas, with cannon balls, powder, and many other implements of war. By advices from Barcelona I hear, that two of the Catholic King's (hips of war failed from thence, the end of laft month, with two large barks under their convoy, loaded with 3500 barrels of gunpowder, 1500 bomb {hells, 500 cheihs of arms, and a comiderable quantity of cannon balls of different dimenfions; which cargo, it is imagined, is deflined for the Spamfh N 4 Weft 184 APPENDIX. Weft Indies : many more warlike (lores are ready to be {hipped from Catalonia; and it was reported an embargo was laid on large barks at Barcelona for that purpofe. Five battalions of different regiments of in- fantry, and two fquadrons of dragoons are at Cadiz, waiting their final orders to embark for America : this corps makes in all about 3600 men. I have defired his Majefty's confuls would be very attentive to all that is going forward in the feveral places where they refide ; and that they would not fail fending me conftant accounts of what they obferved, in order for my being more particular in my intelligence to your Lordfhip. I never fee General Wall, to talk upon bufi- nefs, but that he expatiates upon the haughti- nefs, with which Great Britain has long treated the crown of Spain ; as if we imagined, by that means, to intimidate this country from purfuing its claims ; or that we fhould thereby avoid do- ing juli ice to the Catholic King, concerning our ill-grounded fettlements upon the logwood coails, as well as with regard to our denying the Spanifh fubjecls the liberty of fifhing upon the Newfoundland coails. I am, Sec. BRISTOL, Copy appendix. 18.3 Copy of a Letter from the Earl of Bristol to the Earl of Egremont, dated Madrid, Nov. 16, 1701. Re- ceived Dec. 8. My Lord, THE military preparations in this kingdom, are very far from flackening. Sixteen hundred men, draughts from different corps of infantry, with feverai officers, entered the town of Ferrol the beginning of this month : they were expect- ed to embark (hortly for the Weil Indies, and are to be efcorted by three (hips of the line. A regiment of foot is lately gone to Majorca, and another has orders to hold itfelf in readi- nefs to be fent to the fame ifland. The Spaniards have, at prefent, including all their naval force in America, nineteen (hips of war in thofe feas : I have heard various accounts of the number of frigates which attend that Weft India fleet, but I believe there are not fewer than fixteen of different fizes. W7hat may be the ultimate refolution of this court, no one can, as yet, pretend entirely to determine ; but it is certain, his Catholic Ma- jefty is taking every meafure, which can put him in a condition to be prepared for all events. It is difficult to attain at the real truth of any of the Spanifh proje6ts ; for, where oi\e man only is confulted, fecrefy and expedition m'uft naturally attend the execution of their deflgns. I am, Sec. BRISTOL. l8Q APPENDIX. Copv of a Letter fron the Earl of Egremont to the Earl of Bristol, dated December 22, 1761. My Lord, I AM to acquaint your Excellency, that it is reported in the city, that part of Admiral Holmes's fquadron has lately feized fome Spa- niih barks at Monte Chnfti, laden with fugar, &c. and has treated them as if they were legal prize. Though this intelligence is hitherto imfup- ported by any information which our mod dili- gent enquiries can collecl; at the Admiralty, or elfewhere, yet I had the King's permiflion to {peak of it to the Conde de Fuentes, and to ex- prefs his Majefly's concern upon hearing it ; to which I added his Majefly's aflurances, that this matter (hall be moft ftriclly enquired into • and, {hould the facts alledged prove true, not a mo- ment {hall be loft in taking fuch fteps, as, it is not doubted, will thoroughly fatisfy his Catholic Ma jelly with regard to the unjuftinable and un- authorifed conducl of any of his fervants upon this occafion : and that nothing might be omit- ted which could lead to a fpeedy and thorough knowledge of this matter, the King has ordered a fhip of war to be immediately difpatched to the Weft Indies, v/ith directions, to make the ftricleft examination into the foundation for this report, that fuch farther fteps may be taken as the cafe (hall appear to require. It APPENDIX. 187 It is in order to prevent the malicious life which might be made of this unlucky accident, and to (hew his Majefty's readinefs to do the ftricteft juftice to the Catholic King, that I am direcled to tranfmit to your Excellency, with- out lofs of time , the real date of this affair ; not doubting but your Excellency, without any particular directions on this head, will, at this critical conjuncture, let M. Wall fee, in a true light, and in its full extent, that it is not more the invariable and fteady principle of his Ma- jefty's conduct towards the crown of Spain, to fupport his own dignity and the juft rights of his fubjecls, than it is, not only to redrefs a real injury done to his Catholic Majefty's fubje6ts, but even to prevent a complaint. I am, &c. EGREMONT. Copy of a Letter from the Earl of Bristol to the Earl o.e Egre- mont, dated Madrid, Dec. 11, 1761. Received Dec. 24. My Lord, THIS is the only method I am allowed to take, to communicate to your Loidfhip my in- tention of fetting out as foon as pofiible for Lifbon. I have obeyed the King's commands. By l88 APPENDIX* By the paper marked (A), your Lordfhip fees the fubftance of what was mentioned at my firft conference with General Wall ; but that with the letter (B), what paffed at our fecond inter- view : copies of both which papers the Spanifh minifier defired he might have. Thefe confer- ences were the 6th and 8th inftant. General Wall, on the 10th at night, fent me two letters, one an office, copy and tranllation of which are dillinguifhed C and D ; the other by a private letter in his own hand. I had prepared fome very long difpatches for your Lordfhip, relating all particulars, but I was denied poft-horfes to fend a mefTenger, even to afk for palfports from the court of Portugal ; and M. de Llanos, who is juft gone from me, has owned, in the moil polite terms, that I could not, by any method, lend any perfon whatever to any part of Spain, for I know I am furrounded with their fpies. I would, if it were poflible for me, fet out imme- diately for the frontiers of Portugal, the nearer! town of which kingdom is 240 miles from hence ; and fuch are the roads, that no carriage can go it under nine days ; but I am, at. this moment and have been for fo long, fo exceflively out of order, that, were I to attempt going from hence even fo foon as I could get mules, which all thole who furnifh them feem to try to delay my doing, my deplorable ntuation is fuch, that I Ihould be forced to flop at fome village near Madrid, without being able to get forward ; however, I have tried at a method I do not mention, APPENDIX. 189 mention, for fear of this letter being decyphered, to convey the whole intelligence to Admiral Saunders', General Parflow, and the Confuls. Mr. Porten, feeing how ill I am, has promifed to fet out forthwith for Lifbon ; and by him I fliall be able to have the letters forwarded which I have now ready. I propofe difpatching a meffenger when I do get into Portugal, with a fjreat number of letters for your Lordihip.' The mefTenger being to let out fo foon, I have not time to add more. I am, &c. BRISTOL. Copy of Notes given to General Wall, at our first conference, the 6th of December, 1761. (A.) . COUNT of Fuentes accompanied the Catho- lic King's letter to his Majeity, with the ftrongeft profeflions of friendfhip from Spain. The King's particular delicacy, in concerting military plans, to avoid any hoftilities towards objects that couid give umbrage to his Catholic Majefly. An anfwer concerning the treaty ; as well as to know the intention of Spain with regard to Great Britain. Nothing could more effentially give real fatis- faction to his Majefty, than my procuring fuch an ICjO APPENDIX. an anfwer, as might contribute to the continua-. tion of that friendly intercourfe, which it is not more the intereft of both crowns to maintain, than it is the King's fincere defire to cultivate. Copy of Notes wrote down in the Closet of General Wall, and given by me to his Excellency, Tuesday the 8th of December, the Day of our second Conference. (B.) WHETHER the court of Madrid intends to join the French our enemies, to act hoftilely againft Great Britain ? or to depart, in any man- ner, from its neutrality ? [Here the negotiation ends, with coming back to the demand which Mr. Pitt made, in the laft paragraph but one, of his letter, dated the twenty-eighth of July, A categorical anfwer is ex peeled to thofe queflions ; otherwife, a refufal to comply will be looked upon as an aggreffion, on the part of Spain, and a declaration of war. (C) Was not laid before Parliament, being the original Spanifh of (D). General APPENDIX. l^l General Wall, B.Retiro, iothDec. 1761. Translation. (D.) Most Excellent Lord ; My Lord, YOUR Excellency having exprcffecl to me, the day before yefterday, and being even pleafed to put in writing, That you had orders to afk a poiitive and categorical anfwer to the queftion, If Spain thought of joining herfelf with France againft. England ? Declaring, at the fame time, that you mould look upon the refufal as a de- claration of war ; and that you would, in con- fequence, leave this court. The fpirit of haugh- tinefs and of difcord, which dictated this in- confiderate Hep, and which, for the misfortune of mankind, (till reigns fo much in the Britifli government, is what made, in the fame inftant, the declaration of war, and attacked the King's dignity. Your Excellency may think of retiring when, and in what manner, it is convenient to you ; which is the only anfwer that, without de- taining you, his Majefty has ordered me to give you. Buen Retire, 10 Dec. ij6i. Moft excellent Lord, I kifs your Excellency's hands, Your obedient fervant, Don RICARDO WALL. Translation 102 appendix. Translation of a Note delivered to the Earl of Egremont, by the Count de fuentes. december 25, i76l THE Count de Fuentes, the Catholic Kind's ambadador to his Britannic Majefly, has juil received a courier from his court, by. whom he •is informed, that my Lord Briftol, his Britannic Majefty's ambafTador at the court of Madrid, ■has laid to his Excellency M. Wall, minifler of flate, That he had orders to demand a pofitive and cat :al anfwer to this quefiion, viz. If Spain thinks of allying herfelf with France againil England ? and to declare, at the fame time, 1 Id take a refufal to his demand for an aggreffion and declaration of war ; and that he mould ; in confequence, be obliged to retire ,from the court of Spain. The above minifler of ftate anfwered him, That fuch a Hep could only be fuggefted by the fpint of haughtinefs and of ciiicord, which, for the misfortune of mankind, ftill reigns but too much in the Britilh government ; That it was in that very moment that the war was declared, and the King's dignity violently attacked : That he might retire how and when he mould think proper. The Count de Fuentes is, in confequence, ordered to leave the court and the dominions of England; and to declare to the Britim King, to the Engliih nation, and to the whole unt- verfe, That the horrors into which the SpaniiTi and Engliih nations are going to plunge therri- felves APPENDIX. lgg felves, mufl be attributed only to the pride, and to the unmet" fur able ambition, of him [this is another compliment paid to Mr. Pitt, by ano- ther Spanifh minifler] who has held the reins of the government, and who appears Jtlll to hold them, although by another hand: That if his Catholic Majefly excufed himfelf from anfwer- ing on the treaty in queftion, between his Ca- tholic Majefly, and his mofl Chriftian Majefly, which is believed to have been figned the 15th of Auguft, and wherein it is pretended there are conditions relative to England, he had very good reafons \ Firft, The King's dignity required him to manifeft his juft refentment of the little ma- nagement, or, to fpeak more properly, of the infulting manner, with which all the affairs of Spain have been treated during Mr. Pitt's ad- miniflration ; who, finding himfelf convinced of the juflice which fupported the King in his pretenfions, his ordinary and lad anfwer was, That he would' not relax in any thing, till the Tower of London was taken fword in hand. Befides, his Majefly was much (hocked to hear the haughty and imperious tone, with which the contents of the treaty were demanded of him. If the refpecl due to his royal Majefly, had been regarded, explanations might have been had without any difficulty ; the miniflers of Spain might have faid frankly to thofe of England, what the Count de Fuentes, by the King's exprefs order, declares publicly, viz. That the faid treaty is only a convention be- tween the family of Bourbon, wherein there is Vol III. O nothing 194 APPENDIX. nothing which has the leaft relation to the pre- fent war : That there is in it an article for the mutual guarantry of the dominions of the two Sovereigns ; but it is fpecified therein, that that guarantry is not to be underflood but of the dominions which (hall remain to France, af- ter the prefent war {hall be ended : That al- though his Catholic Majefiy might have had reafon to think himfelf offended, by the irregu- lar manner in which the memorial was returned to M. de Buffy, minifler of France, which he had prefented, for terminating the differences of Spain and England, at the fame time with the war between this laft and France, he has how- ever diffembled ; and from an effect of his love of peace, caufed a memorial to be delivered to my Lord Briflol, wherein it evidently demon- flrated, that the ffep of France, which put the minifter Pitt into fo bad humour, did not at all offend either the laws of neutrality, or the fin- cerity of the two Sovereigns : That further, from a frefh proof of his pacific fpirit, the King of Spain wrote to the King of France, his coufin, That if. the union of intereft, in any manner retarded the peace with England, he confented to feparate hirrifelf from it, not to put an ob- stacle to fo great a happinefs. But it was foora Teen that this was only a pretence , on the part of the Englifh minifler : For, That of France, continuing his negotiation, without making any mention of Spain, and propofing conditions very advantageous and honourable for England, the minifter Pitt, to the great aftonifliment of the APPENDIX. *95 the umverfe, rejected them with difdain ; and (hewed, at the fame time, his ill-will againft Spain, to the fcandal of the fame Britifh coun- cil ; and unfortunately he has fucceeded but too far in his perniciou defign. This declaration made, the Count de Fuentes defires his Excellency, my Lord Egremont, to prefent his moft humble refpects to his Britannic Majefty ; and to obtain for him paffports, and all other facilities, for him, his family, and all his retinue, to go out of the dominions of Great Britain, without any trouble, and to go by the fhort paffage of the fea, which fsparates them from the continent. Translation of the Answer to the Count de Fuentes, by the Earl of Egremont, Dec. 31, 1761. THE Earl of Egremont, his Britannic Ma- jefty's fecretary of flate, having received from his Excellency the Count de Fuentes, ambaf- fador of the Catholic King at the court of Lon- don, a paper, in which, befides the notification of his recall, and the demand of the neceflfary paffports to go out of the King's dominions, he has thought proper to enter into what has jufl paired between the two courts, with a view to make that of London appear as the fource of all the misfortunes which may enfue from the rupture which has happened. In order that no feody may be milled, by the declaration which O 2 his igS APPENDIX. his Excellency has been pleafed to make to the King, to the Englifh nation, and to the whole univerfe ; notwithstanding the insinuation, as void of foundation as of decency, of the fpint of haughtinefs and ofdifcord, which his Excel- lency pretends reigns in the Britilh government, to the misfortune of mankind ; and, notwith- ftanding the irregularity and indecency of ap- pealing to the Englifh nation, as if it could be ieparated from its King, for whom the mod de- termined fentiments of love, of duty, and of confidence, are engraved in the hearts of all his fubjecis ; the laid Earl of Egremont, by his Ma jelly's order, laying ande, in this anfwer, all fpirit of declamation, and of harflmefs, avoid- ing every ofTenfive word, which might hurt the dignity of Sovereigns, without hooping to in- veelives againft private perfons, will confine himfelf to facts with the moff fcrupulous exacl- nefs : and it is from this reprefentation of facts, that he appeals to all Europe, and to the whole univerfe, for the purity of the King's intentions, and for the finceritv of the wifhes his Majefly has not ceafed to make, as well as for the mo- deration he has always mewed, though in vain, for the maintenance of friendihip and good un- derflanding between the Britilh and Spanifh na- tions. The King having received undoubted infor- mations, That the court of Madrid had fecretly contracted engagements with that of Verfailles, which the minifters of France laboured to re- prefent, in all the courts of Europe, as offen- fivc APPENDIX. lgj five to Great Britain ; and combining thefe ap- pearances with the flep which the court of Spain had, a little time before, taken towards his Majefty, in avowing its confent. (though that avowal had been followed by apologies) to the memorial prefented the 23d of July, by the Sieur de Bufly, minifter plenipotentiary of the moft Chriftian King, to the King's fecretary of (late ; and his Majefty having afterwards received intelligence, fcarce admitting a doubt, of troops marching, and of military preparations making in all the ports of Spain, judged that his dig- nity, as well as his prudence, required him to order his ambaflador at the court of Madrid, by a difpatch, dated the 28th of Oclober, to demand, in terms, the mojl meafured, however, the mojl amicable, a communication of the treaty recently concluded between the courts of Madrid and Verf allies, or, at leajt, of the articles which might relate to the inter eft of Great Britain ; And, in order to avoid every thing which could be thought to imply the leaft (light of the dig- nity, or even the delicacy, of his Catholic Ma- jefty, the Earl of Briftol was authorifed to con- tent himfelf zoith ajfurances, in cafe the Catholic King offered to give any, "that the faid engage- ments did not contain any thing that was con- trary to the friendihip which fubfifted between the two crowns, or that was prejudicial to the interefls of Great Britain, fuppofmg that any difficulty was made, of Jhewing the treaty. The King could not give a lefs equivocal proof of his dependance on the good faith of the Ca- O 3 tholic 19$ APPENDIX. tliolic King, than in (hewing him an unbounded confidence in To important an affair, and which fo ellentially interefled his own dignity, the good of his kingdoms, and the happinefs of his people. How great then was the King's furprife, when inffead of receiving the jufl fatisfaction which he had a right toexpecl, he learnt from his am- haffador, that, having addreffed himfelf to the ininiiler of Spain for that purpofe, he could only draw from him a refufal, to give a fatis- fa&ory anfwer to his Majefly's jufl requifitions, which he had accompanied with terms that breathed nothing but haughtinefs, animohty, and menace, and which feemed fo flrongly to verify the fufpicions of the unamicable difpofi- tion of the court of Spain, that nothing lefs than his Majefly's moderation, and his refolu- tion tal>en to make all the efforts poffible, to, avoid the misfortunes infeparable from a rup- ture, could determine him to make a iafl trial, by giving orders to his ambaffador, to addrefs himfelf to the minifler of Spain, to. defire him to inform him of the intentions of the court of Madrid, towards that of Great Britain, in this conjuncture, if they had taken engagements, or formed the defign to join the King's enemies in the prefent war, or to depart in any manner from the neutrality they had hitherto obferved; and to make that miniiler fenfible, that, if they perfifted in refilling all fatisfa6tion, on demands fo jufl, fo neceffary, and fo interefling, the. Kins: could not but confider fuch a refufal as the molt APPENDIX. m moll authentic avowal, that Spain had taken her part, and that there only remained for his Majefty to take the meafures, which his royal prudence mould dictate, for the honour and dignity of his crown, and for the profperity and protection of his people : and to recal his am- baffador. Unhappily for the public tranquillity, for the intereft of the two nations, and for the good of mankind, this lafl ftep was as fruitlefs as the preceding ones : the Spanifh minifter, keeping no further meafures, anfwered drily, " That it was in That very moment, that the war was de- clared, and the King's dignity attacked, and that the Earl of Briflol might retire, how, and when, he mould think proper." And in order to fet in its true light, the de- claration, " That, if the refpe6l due to his Ca- tholic Majefly had been regarded, explanations might have been had without any difficulty ; and that the miniflers of Spain might have faid frankly, as M. de Fuentes, by the King's exprefs order, declares publicly, That the faid treaty is only a convention between the family of Bourbon ; wherein there is nothing which has the leafl relation to the prefent war; and that the guaranty, wThich is therein fpecified, is not to be underflood but of the dominions which fhall remain to France after the war." It is de- clared, that, very far from thinking of being wanting to the refpecl acknowledged to be due. to crowned heads, the inftructions given to the Earl of Briflol have always been, to- make the requifitions 2CO APPENDIX. requifitions on the fubje£l of the engagements between the courts of Madrid and Verfailles, with all the decency, and all the attention pof- fible: and the demand of a categorical anfwer was not made, till after repeated and the mod flinging refufals to give the lead fatisfa&ion, and at the lad extremity. Therefore, if the court of Spain ever had the defign to give this fo ne- ceflary fat is faction, they had not the lead reafon that ought to have engaged them to defer it to the moment when it could no longer be of ufe. But, fortunately, the terms in which the decla- ration is conceived, fpare us the regret of not having received it fooner ; for it appears, at fird light, that the anfwer is not at all conformable to the demand. We wanted to be informed, If the court of Spain intended to join the French, our enemies, to make war on Great Britain; or to depart from their neutrality? Whereas the anfwer concerns one treaty only, which is faid to be of the 15th of Auguft; carefully avoid- ing to fay the lead word that could explain, in any manner, the intentions of Spain towards Great Britain, or the further engagements they may have contra£ted in the prefent crihs. After a deduction as exact as faithful of what has palled between the two courts, it is left to the impartial public to decide, which of the two has always been inclined to peace, and which was determined on war. As to the red, the Earl of Egremont has the honour to acquaint his Excellency the Count de Fuentes, by the King's order, That the necef- fary APPENDIX. 20f fary pafTports for him mall be expedited ; and that they will not fail to procure him all poffibie facilities for his paffage to the port which he mall think molt convenient. K The following Anecdote was pub^ lished in all the public prints,- about a Year after Mr. Pitt's Re- signation. " THE King of PruiTia, by means of Lord Ghathsum, obtained the pardon of George Keith, Lord Marefcbal of Scotland, from the late King George. Lord Chatham improved upon this ; and as Lord Marefchal was well known to the grandees of Spain, and they be- lieved him to be in their interei! ; as at that time he was the Pruflian miniiter at that court, they communicated the Family compact to him, and he, as in duty bound to his new Sovereign, communicated the fame to Lord Chatham, then Mr. Secretary Pitt. This alludes to Lord Chatham's being certainly apprized of the fecret. When his Lordfhip propofed the feizing the galleons, he was oppofed in council, and iheer- ed at by Lord Bute in particular; and being queftionecl concerning his information, he, with relu61ance, (hewed the letters from Lord Mare- fchal. Upon which the late Lord Bardwicke obferved, that a halter was once round that no- bleman's neck, but now more lure ; alluding to his '202 APPENDIX. his returning to Spain, where they would put him to death. Lord Marefchal was then on fhipboard at Portf mouth, on his way to Spain ; Lord Egremont wrote to him; upon which he returned and went, by the way of Holland, to his government at Neuf Chattel, without going to Spain, where he has never been fince ■ the -end proved the information true, and that Lord Chatham's plan was what ought to have been adopted." Whatever truth there may be in the above •anecdote, it is certain, that Mr. Stanley, while at Paris, in the year 1760, where the Family Compact was negotiated, tranfmitted to Mr. Pitt a tolerable good account of it, and a com- plete copy of that part which moft materially af- fected Great Britain. He left Paris, as may be feen by the papers relative to the negotiation^ on the 20th of September, Translation of a Letter from M. Bougainville, Member of the Aca» demy of Sciences, to the Right Hon. William Pitt. SlRj THE honours paid, during your miniflry, to the memory of M. Wolfe, give me room to hope that you will not difapprove of the grateful ef- forts made by the French troops to perpetuate APPENDIX. JC3 the memory of the Marquis de Montcalm. Thp corpfe of that General, who was honoured with the regret of your nation, is buried at Quebec. I have the honour to fend you an epitaph which the Academy of Infcriptions and Belles Lettres have wrote for him : and I would beg the fa- vour of you, Sir, to read it over, and if there be nothing improper in it, to procure me a per- miffion to fend it to Ouebec, engraved in mar- ble, to be put over the Marquis de Montcalm's tomb. If this permifhon mould be granted, may I prefume, Sir, to entreat the honour of a line to acquaint me with it, and at the fame time to fend me a paffport, that the engraved marble may be received on board an Englifh vefTel, and that Mr. Murray, governor of Quebec, may give leave to have it put up in the Urfuline church. I afk pardon, Sir, for taking off your attention, even for a moment, from your im- portant concerns : but to endeavour to immor- talife great men and illuflrious citizens, is to do honour to you. I am, &c. BOUGAINVILLE. Paris, March 24, 176^ Mr. Pitt's Answer. Sir, IT is a real fatisfaclion to me to fend you the King's confent on fuch an interef}ing fubjecl, as the 204 APPENDIX. the very handfome epitaph drawn by the Aca- demy of Infcriptions at Paris for the Marquis de Montcalm, which is defired to be fent to Oue- bee, engraved on marble, to be fet up on the tomb of that illuftrious warrior. The noble fen- timents expreiTed in the delire to pay this tribute to the memory of their General, by the French troops who ferved in Canada, and who faw him fall at their head, in a manner worthy of him, and worthy of them, cannot be too much ap- plauded. I fhall take a pleafure, Sir, in facilitating a de- fign fo full of refpect to the deceafed ; and as foon as I am informed of the meafures taken for embarking the marble, I (hall immediately grant the paiTport you defire, and fend orders to the Governor of Canada for its reception. As to the reft, be allured, Sir, that I have a jult fenfe of the obliging things faid to me in the letter with which you honoured me, and that I think it a lingular happinefs to have an oppor- tunity to exprefs thofe fentiments of diftin- guifhed efteem and conii deration with which I have the honour to be, &c. April 10, 1761, W. PITT. The Injcription is asfollozes. HIC JACET, . Utroque in orbe aeternum viclurus, Ludovicus Jofephus de Montcalm Gozox^ Marchio APPENDIX. 2O5, Marchio Sancli Verani, Baro Gabriaci, Ordinis Sancti Ludovici commendator, Legatus generalis exercituum Gallicorum; Egregius ct cives ct miles ; Nullius rei appetens, prasterquam verse laudis ; Ingenio felici et litteris exculto Omnes militias gradus per continua decora emenfus, Omnium belli artium, temporum, difcrimmurn, gnarus, In Italia, in Bohemia, in Germania dux induflrius, Mandata fibi ita Temper gerens ut majonbus par haberetur; Jam clarus periculis Ad tutandam Canadenfem provinciam mifiiis, Parva militum manu hoflium copias non lemel repulit; Propugnacula cepit viris armifque inflructifiima ; AJgoris, inedise, vigiliarum, laboris patient, Suis unice prefpiciens, immemor fui ; Hoflis acer, viftor manluetus, Fortunam virtute, virium inopiam peritia et celeritate compenfavit : Imminens colonic fatum et confilio et manu per quadriennium fuflinuit, Tandem ingentem exercitum duce ftrenuo et audaci, Claflemque omni bellorum moli gravem, Multiplici prudentia diu ludificatus, Vi pertraclus ad dimicandam In prima acie, in primo confliclu, vulneratus, Reliigioni, quam Temper coluerat, innitens, Magno £05 APPENDIX. Magno fuoriim defiderio, nee fine hoftiuni mcerore, extin&us eft Die xiv Septem. A. D. mdcclix. astat. xlviii. Mortales optimi ducis exuvias in excavata humo, Quam globus bellicus decidens diflilienfque defoderat, Galli lugentes depofuerunt, Et generofae holtium fidei commendarunt. Translation. Here lieth, In either Hemifphere to live for ever, LEWIS JOSEPH DE MONTCALM GOZON, Marquis of St. Veran, Baron of Gabriac, Commendatory of the Order of St. Lewis, Lieutenant General of the French Army. Not lefs an excellent Citizen than Soldier; Who knew no Defire but that of true Glory; Happy in a natural Genius improved by Literature, tlaving gone through the feveral Steps of military Llonours With uninterrupted Luftre, Skill'd in all the Arts of War, The Junclure of Times, and the Crifis of Dangers ; In Italy, in Bohemia, in Germany, An indefatigable General; He fo difcharged his important Trufis, That he feem'd always equal to {till greater. At length grown bright with Perils, Sent to fecure the Province of Canada, With a Handful of Men, He more than once repulifed the Enemv's Forces, And APPENDIX. 20? And made himfelf Mailer of their Forts Replete with Troops and Ammunition. Inured to Cold, Hunger, Watchings and Labours, Unmindful of Himfelf, He had no Senfation but for his Soldiers. An Enemy with the herceft Impetuofity ; A Vi6tor with the tenderer! Humanity. Adverfe Fortune he compenfated with Valour, The Want of Strength, with Skill and Activity; And, with his Counlel and Support, For Four Years protracled the impending Fate of the Colony. Having with various Artifices Long baffled a great Army, Headed by an expert and intrepid Commander, And a Fleet furnifhed with all warlike Stores, Compelled at length to an Engagement, He fell, in the firft Rank, in the firft Onfet, Warm with thofe Hopes of Religion which he had always cherifhed, To the inexprefiible lo& of his own Army, And not without the Regret of the Enemy's, XXIV. September, A. D. MDCCLIX. of his Age XLVIII. His weeping Countrymen Depofked the Remains of their excellent General in a Grave, Which a fallen Bomb inburftinghad excavated for him, Recommending them to the generous Faith of their Enemies. Mr. Pitt's 208 APPENDIX* Mr. Pitt's Letter to General Monck- ton, Governor of New York, accom- panied with the Red Ribband, for General, now Lord Amherst. New York. His Excellency Major General Monckton, Go- vernor of New York, and feveral officers of the army being prefent, Major General Monckton read Mr. Secretary Pitt's Letter, as follows : Sir, Whitehall, July 17, 1761. " HIS Majefty having been gracioufly pleafed, as a mark of his royal approbation of the many and eminent fervices of Major General Amherft, to nominate him to be one of the Knight Com- panions of the moft Honourable Order of the Bath; and it being neceflary that he mould be inverted with the Enfigns of the faid Order, which are tranfmitted. to him by this opportu- nity: I am to fignify to you the King's pleafure, that you mould perform that ceremony; and it being his Majefty 's intention, that the fame be done in the molt honourable and diftinguifhed manner that circumftances will allow of, you will concert and adjult with General Amherft, fuch time and manner, for inverting him with the Enligns of the Order of the Bath, as fnall appear to you moft proper for (hewing all due refpecl to the King's Order, and as may, at the fame time, mark in the moft public manner, his Majefty's APPENDIX. 207 Majefly's juft fenfe of the conflant zeal, and fignal abilities, which General Amherit has ex- erted in the fervice of his King and country. I am, &c. Hon. Rob. Monckton. W. PITT." Major General Monckton then proceeded to put the ribband over Sir Jeffery AmherfTs (boul- der, making an apology, that circumftances would not admit of a more formal invefliture. Sir Jeffery Amherft, upon receiving this Or- der, addrefled himfelf to Major General Mo: :ck- ton, m the following terms : " Sir, I am truly lenfible of this diPiinguifliing mark of his Maje-fty's royal approbation of my conduct, and {hall ever efteem it as fuch ; and I mud beg leave to exprefs to you the peculiar fatisfaftion I have, and the pleafure it gives me, to receive this mark of favour from your hands." M. As it is pqffible that the argument for keeping pof- fcjfion of the French Weft India I [lands may, at fome future period, be revived, it is prefumed the reader will not be difpleafed xoith the infer - twn of the following paper. The fubjett was brought on the tapis by the publication of Com- parative Statements of the importance of Cana- da and Gaudalaupe : and the queflion was, Vox. III. P Which 208 APPENDIX. Which of ihofe Colonies Great Britain ought to keep, in the negotiation for peace, at that time pending, between Mr, Pitt and M. Buffy? Copy of aLetter from a Gentleman in guadaloupe to his friend in london. August, 1760. THE different opinions of the people con- cerning the value of Canada, and the value of Guadaloupe to Great Britain, have occafioned many difputes in private and public, in which private views have too often influenced the de- bate. Thofe who are for acquiring all Canada, and giving up Guadaloupe, and every thing elfe, argue in this manner: That no terms with the French can be fecure or lafting; at the very time they are making a peace, they are contriv- ing how to break it, and will do fo as foon as any opportunity occurs to do it to advantage: That we entered into the war only upon account of America: That the French invaded our pro- perties there, and were long contriving to do it ; now that we have beaten them out of all that country, what we did never claim as well as what we did claim, therefore we ought to keep all America, as the greatefh acquilition we can make, or ever was made; for if we allow them the fmalleft footing even in Canada itfelf, we can never be fecure they will not drive us out of that country: That the trade of North America is the great fountain of all the Britifh wealth and power ; that of late years it furntfhes and em- ploys fo many (hips and fo many failors, makes fo APPENDIX. 209 fo great a confumption of the produce of Great Britain, fends fo much of its produce to the fugar iflands, and pours in fuch a tide of wealth from the Weft Indies upon Britain, as enables her to make the figure (he now does to the reft of the world: That if all North America were her own, (he could be drawn into no more wars on that account ; our trade there would rife to the higheft pitch ; and that country fo extenfive, fo rich, and full of fo many lakes and rivers fit for navigation, would foon raife the power and naval ftrength of Great Britain to a degree be- yond any power on earth. That the fur trade might be entirely our own ; that one fhip of the Hudfon Bay Company is often fo rich as to bring home more value than ten fugar fhips : That we have fufficiency of the fugar iflands already : That Jamaica alone, if it. were properly cultivated, can afford more fugar than England wants ; it fends home near 40,000 hogfheads every year, when the third part is not cultivated: That Guadaloupe is a place of no fignificancy compared with Jamaica, and could add very little ftrength or wealth tp Great Britain: That the French have long out- done us in the hats ; a trade that we may have entirely to ourfelves by acquiring Canada ; and that if we leave the French the fmalleft footing or pofleftion there, we never can be fecure or fafe in the reft, we have done nothing, but muft be always liable to repeat the fame expence. Thofe who wifli the keeping of Guadaloupe anfwer as follows : That Guadaloupe we cer- P 2 tainly 2lO APPENDIX. tainly have, and that Canada we have not; the fate of it is ftill dubious : That all the reafoning before mentioned is fophiflical and unfolid : That the advantages of North America to Britain, exclufive of Canada, are very great: why join them all to Canada, of itfelf worth little or no- thing, but to give it weight, which it has not of itfelf? If our barrier in America fhall be fixed by treaty to the certain limits we infift upon, and Cape Breton retained or demolifhed, we are in a much better fituation there than ever; which would render America of much more ad- vantage to us than it was in former times, and more fecure; nay, as fecure as the inffability of human affairs can admit : the benefit of North America to Britain does not depend upon Ca- nada at all ; it is a frothy and falfe argument, Canada can add nothing, but. firft, a little im- provement of the fur trade, which might be in very great perfection without it. Secondly, pre- venting the French from diflurbing us in that quarter of the world for fome time ; and even that argument is equally flrong for taking the Mimfiippi, otherwife it is not conclufive. But as it is argued, that the French will ne- ver be at peace with us, it muff follow, that when they cannot make war in America they muff diflurb us in Europe; now let thofe gentlemen anfwer, Whether we have more advantage over the French by a war in America, or a war in Flanders, when they have Offend, &c. in their hands. The prefent war, compared with thofe of King William, Queen Anne, and the war in APPENDIX. 211 in 1744, foon folves that queftion. The fugar trade is far preferable to the fur trade. What does a few hats fignify, compared with that ar- ticle of luxury, lugar; the confumption of fu- gar is daily increafing both in America and Eu- rope, and become one of the neceflaries of life. Jamaica has not encreafed in fugars thefe thirty years paft, and never can encreafe much, as the greater! part of it is fo mountainous that it is not capable of culture, and cannot anfwer the ex- pence in many places of carrying the fugars over the mountains to be fhipt ; though they have made a monopoly for themfelves of that commodity of a long time pall, they mud now be the more reluctant to part with it. It is our fugar iflands that raife the value of North America, and pours in fuch wealth upon the mother-country. The more we have of thofe iflands, America becomes from that caufe the more important and valuable, and England the richer. In America we have more than enough • in the fugar iflands a great deal too little : the nearer they can be proportioned to one another the better for both, and the more trade and wealth for England. The fur trade does not employ the hundredth part of the flapping and feamen, that the fugar trade does. The having: all North America to ourfelves by acquiring Canada, dazzles the eyes, and blinds the underflandings of the giddy and un- thinking people, as it is natural for the human mind to grafp at every appearance of wealth and 212 APPENDIX. and grandeur : yet it is eafy to difcover that fuch a peace might foon ruin Britain. I fay the acquifition of Canada would be deftru&ive ; be- caufe fuch a country as North America, ten times larger in extent than Britain, richer foil in molt places, all the different climates you can fancy, all the lakes and rivers for navigation one could wifli, plenty of wood for (hipping, and as much iron, hemp, and naval {lores, as any part of the world, fuch a country, at fuch a diftance, could never remain long fubjecl to Britain : you have taught them the art of war, and put arms in their hands, and they can fur- nifh themfelves with every thing in a few years without the affiltance of Britain. They are al- ways grumbling and complaining againft Britain, even while they have the French to dread ; what may they not be fuppofed to do, if the French is no longer a check upon them ? You mult keep a moft numerous {landing army to overawe them ; thefe troops will loon get wives and poffeflions, and become Americans. Thus, from thefe meafures, you lay the fureft founda- tion of unpeopling Britain, and {lengthening America to revolt : a people who mull become more licentious from their liberty, and more factious and turbulent from the diftance of the power that rules them: One mull be very lit- tle converfant in hiflory, and totally unacquaint- ed with the paffions and the operations of the human mind, who can forefee thofe events as clearly as any thing can be difcovered that lies concealed in the womb of time. It is no gift of prophecy : APPENDIX. 213 prophecy : it is only the natural and unavoida- ble confequences of fuch and fuch meafures : and mult appear fo to every man whofe head is not too much affecled with popular madnefs, or political enthufiafm. But without dipping too deep in futurity, pray what can Canada yield to Britain, in this or any fubfequent age, but a little extenfion of the fur trade ? Whereas Guadaloupe can furnifh as much fugar, cotton, rum, and coffee, as all the iflands we have put together, and confume a vaft quantity of the Britifh and American pro- duce, from which trade the (hipping and naval ftrength of Britain mufi greatly increafe : with- out any allowance for the cinnamon trade, which of itfelf may bring a good deal of wealth to the mother-country, as we have the wild cinnamon in common with the other iflands ; fo we have alfo the true genuine cinnamon tree, and have fent home to England famples of it, as good as any the Dutch have. The confumption of fugar is daily increafing both in Europe and America, and we cannot at this day ferve ourfelves with that article ; but are we not to endeavour to ferve foreign mar- kets if we can ? Did ever the French bring half fo much wealth to their country from hats, as from their fugar iflands ? To fay we have fugar enough, is to fay we have trade enough, a new do6trine truly; and if fo, what ufe have we for Canada ? In a word, it is mod; obvious to every impartial eye, that the increafe of the fugar iflands is particularly the intereft of Bri- tain : fhe is there too weak, and as thofe P 4 iflands 214 APPENDIX. iflands bring mofl wealth both to Britain and America, To from their weaknefs they can never be in any danger of revolting; and that every perfon, as foon as he can make a fortune there, comes home to the mother country and enjoys it: witnefs the number of the proprietors of the fugar iilands that relide at London, and many of them fit in Parliament. If they dread Gua- daloupe as a rival to their private interefl, they mull at the fame time own, it is a great acqui- sition to the public wealth and flrength. Thus Guadaloupe, one of the greater! acquifitions ever Britain made, acquires many powerful ene- mies from private views, and has nothing to plead but her public utility and advantage often found too feeble an opponent to the pri- vate interefl of a few. But to conclude, nothing can fecure Britain fo much againfl the revolting of North America, as the French keeping fome footing there to be a check upon them. If the peace be made with any tolerable attention to our barrier in Ame- rica, as we may be mofl certain it will, France mull ever after be an enemy too feeble to be dreaded in that corner of the world. But if we were to acquire all Canada, we fhould foon find North America itfelf too powerful and too populous to be long governed by us at this dif- tance. We have often, too often, wailed our blood and treafure to raife up other powers to wealth and flrength, only to be once our ene- mies: it were much to be wifhed that we could take warning, and do fo no more. Guadaloupe APPENDIX. 215 Guadaloupe is fuppofed to be capable of pro- ducing atleaft 100,000 hogflieads of fugar every year. Whereas all the Britilh iflands are not upon an average, fuppofed to exceed the fol- lowing calculation: Barbadoes - - - - 14,000 Antigua - - - - 16,000 Mountferrat - - - - 3,000 Nevis 3>5°° St. Kitt's 17,000 Anguilla ----- 50 Tortola ----- 2.500 Jamaica ----- 50,000 105,050 N Previous to the General Election in 1761, the Corporation of Bath sent THE FOLLOWING LETTER TO Mr. PlTT. Sir, Bath, 6th of Oft. 1760, " WE the Mayor, Aldermen, and Common- Council, of this city, do tranfmit to you, our molt grateful thanks, for exerting your great abilities with fo much zeal and unwearied di- ligence in the fervice of his majefty and our country, as hath reflected particular honour on our city. We are convinced we mould not do juflice to ourfelves and brother citizens, if we did not pay that regard which is juftly due to 2l6 APPENDIX. your diflingulfhed merit, by taking the earli- er!: opportunity of offering to you the fame, mufl at the next general election ; and which we hereby beg the favour of your acceptance of, from, Gentlemen, your mod obliged, and very humble fervant. Mr. Pitt's Answer. St. James's-Square, Oct. o,th, 1760. Mr. Mayor, and Gentlemen of the Corporation. " I AM this day honoured with your letter, and cannot defer a moment to exprefs the fenti- ments of the warmefl and mod refpeclful gra- titude for fuch a frefh mark of your condefcen- lion and goodnefs to me, after the many great and unmerited favours which you have already conferred upon me. " Happy! that my feeble endeavours for the King's fervice have in your candid interpreta- tion, flood in the place of more effectual de- fervings ; and that, actuated by the generous motives of zealous and Ready attachment to his Ma jelly's Government, you are pleafed again to think of commiting to me the important and ho- nourable truft of reprefenting you at the next general election. " Be allured, Gentlemen, that I am juflly proud of the title of Servant of the city of Bath, and that I can never fufficiently manifefl the deep APPENDIX. 217 deep fenfe I have of your diflinguifhed and re- peated favours, nor exprefs the refpe6l, grati- tude, and affection, with which I remain, Mr. Mayor, and Gentlemen of the Corporation, Your moil faithful and moft obliged humble fervant, W. PITT." N.N. BLACKISTON, Mayor. At a Court of Common-Council holden in the Chamber of the Guildhall of the City of London, on Thursday, Oct. 22, 1761. " RESOLVED, that the thanks of this Court be given to the Right Hon. William Pitt, for the many great and eminent fervices rendered this nation during the time he fo ably filled the high and important office of one of his Majefly's principal Secretaries of State, and to perpetuate their grateful fenfe of his merits, who by the vigour of his mind had not only roufed the an- cient fpirit of this nation, from the pufillanim- ous ftate, to which it had been reduced ; but, by his integrity and fleadinefs uniting us at home, had carried its reputation in arms and commerce to a height unknown before, by our trade 2l8 APPENDIX. trade accompanying our conquefts in every quarter of the globe. " Therefore the City of London, ever fled- fall in their loyalty to their King and attentive to the honour and profperity of their country, cannot but lament the national lofs of fo able, fo faithful, a Minifter at this critical conjunc- ture." At a Common-Council held at Guild- hall, on Thursday, Oct. 29, 1761, the Town Clerk reported his having waited on the rlght hon. wllliam Pitt, with their Resolutions of Thanks, to which he had been pleas- ed to return the following Answer : MR. PITT requefts of Sir James Hodges, That he will be fo good to reprefent him, in the moft refpeclful manner, to the Lord Mayor, Aldermen, and Commons of the City of Lon- don, in Common Council affembled, and ex- prefs his high fenfe of the fignal honour which they have been pleafed to confer on him, by their condefcending and favourable refolution of the 22d of Oftober; an honour which he re- ceives with true reverence and gratitude, not without confufion at his own fmall defervings, while he views with exultation on the univerlal public fpirit difperfed through an united peo- ple ; and the matchlefs intrepidity of the Britifh failors and foldiers condu6ied by officers juftly famed APPENDIX. 219 famed through all the quarters of the world : To this concurrence of national virtue, graci- oufly prote61ed by the Throne, all the national profperities (under the favour of Heaven) has been owing ; and it will ever be remembered to the glory of the City of London, that through the whole courfe of this arduous war, the great feat of commerce has generoudy fet the illus- trious example of fteady zeal for the dignity of the Crown, and of unfhaken rirmnefs and mag- nanimity. Exeter, October, 29, 1761. At a Chamber it was unanimously Resolved, THAT the thanks of this body be given to the Right Hon. William Pitt, late one of his Majefty's principal Secretaries of State, for the important fervices rendered this kingdom dur- ing his happy adminiftration of public affairs : And to allure him, that they mail ever retain an exalted and grateful fenfe of his merit and great abilities, whofe wifdom, and truly Britim, ipirit, animated and excited the hearts of the nation when funk into a itate of timidity and defpondence ; reftored its ancient luflre, and raifed our commercial intereft, together with our military glory, to a fublimity of dignity and honour, never experienced, nor even known before. Ever 220 APPENDIX. Ever firmly loyal to our King and country* we cannot, therefore, but bewail, at this grand crifis, the national lofs of fo able a minifter. The following Letter was sent by the Right Hon. William Pitt, to Benja- min Heath, Esq. Town Clerk of the City of Exeter, in Answer to the above Resolution. Sir, Hayes, Nov. 6, 1761. I DESIRE you will be fo good to prefent to Mr. Mayor, and to the chamber of Exeter, my refpe£tful and grateful acknowledgments for the diftinguilhed honour which they have been pleafed to confer upon me (p. 438.) Confcious of no title to fuch eminent favour, I can only feel more fenfibly the extent of their indulgence; and forming, as I do, unceafmg vows for the continuation of thofe public blellings which have attended national union, I fhall ever particu- larly rejoice, among the general profperities of my country, in the increafe of the trade, opu- lence, and luftre, of the city of Exeter. Accept, yourfelf, Sir, my thanks for the very obliging manner in which you have communi- cated to me the refolution of the Chamber. I am, with regard, Sir, Your mofl obedient humble Servant, W. PITT. Chester. appendix. 221 Chester, October 30, 1761. At an Assembly holden before the Worshipful the Mayor, Thomas Chol- mondeley, esq. and knight of the Shire, the Recorder and Magistra- cy, the Sheriffs, Aldermen, and Com- mon Council, this day it was un- animously, Resolved, -> that I (hould inform you of the reafon of my conduct. The epithet of adequate given to the* peace contains a defcription of the conditious of it, fo repugnant to my unalterable opinion con- cerning many of them, and fully declared by me in parliament, that it was as impoflihle for me to obev the corporation's commands in pre- fenting their addrefs, as it Was unexpected to re- ceive fuch a com million. As to my opinion of the peace, I will only fay that I formed it with fmcerity according to fuch lights as my little ex- perience, and fmall portion of understanding, could afford me. This conviction mult remain to myfelf the conftant rule of my conduct ; and I leave to others, with much deference to their better information, to follow their own judg- ment. Give me leave, my dear good Sir, to de- fire to convey, through you, to Mr. Mayor, and to the gentlemen of the corporation, thefe my free fentiments ; and with the juheft fenfe of their pafl goodnefs towards me, plainly to con- fefs that I perceive I am but ill-qualified to form pretentions to the future favour of gentlemen, who are come to think fo differently from me, on matters of the highelt importance to the na- tional welfare. I am ever. With refpeclful and affectionate efteem, My dear Sir, your faithful friend, And obliged humble fervant. Signed W. PITT, The 236 APPENDIX. Lady Chatham joins with me, in all compli- ments to the family of Prior Park. To Ralph Allen, Ejq. The addrefs was in thefe words. To the Kings mojl Excellent Majejly. " WE the Mayor, Aldermen, and Common* e: Council of the antient and loyal city of Batfy «•' do bear leave to congratulate, and mod hum- u bly to thank your majelty for an adequate * and advantageous peace, which you have gra- " cioufly procured for your people, after a long " and very expenhve, though neceflkry and " glorious war, which your Majefly, upon " your acceflion to the Throne, found your '■ kingdoms engaged in. " And we take the liberty to afTure your Ma- '■' jelly, that upon all occations we (hall be rea- " dy to give the molt evident proofs of the tru- " eft zeal and duty, which the molt dutiful fub- <' jecls can teltify to the molt gracious and beft tl of Princes. " In teftimony whereof we have-here- " unto affixed our common feal, the " 28 th day of May, 1763. My APPENDIX, 237 Prior Park, jfune3 4. 1763. My dearest Sir, IT is extremely painful to me to find by the letter which you was plealed to fend to me the fecond of this month, that the word adequate, in the Bath addrefs, has been lb yery ofTenlive to you as to hinder the fincereft and mod zealous of your friends, in the Corporation, from teflifying, for the future their great attachment to you. Upon this occafion in jullice to them, it is in- cumbent on me to acquaint you, that the ex- ceptionable word does not reft with them, but myfelf, who fudclenly drew up that addrefs to prevent their fending of another which the Mayor brought to me in terms that I could not concur in; copies of the two forms I have taken the liberty to fend to you in the inclofed paper for your private perufal ; and Sir John Sea- bright having in his letter to Mr. Clutterbuck only acquainted [him, that in your abfence in the country he delivered the addrefs, I fliall de- cline executing of your commands to the cor- poration on this delicate point, unlefs you re- new them, upon your perufal of this letter, which for fafety I have fent by a meffenger, and 1 beg your anfwer to it, by him who has orders to wait for it. Permit me to fay that I have not the leafl of objection to, but, the higheft regard and even feneration for your whole conduct ; neither have , 238 APPENDIX. have I any apology to make for the exprefliofi in which I am fo unfortunate to differ from you. And with the utmoft refpeft, affeclion, and gra- titude, you will always find me to be, My dearefl Sir, Your mod humble and mofl obedient fervant, Signed R. ALLEN. To the Right Hon. Mr. Pitt. The heft willies of this family always attend Lady Chatham. Hayes, June 5, 1763. My Dear Sir, I AM forry that my letter of the 2d inflant fhouldgive you uneaftnefs, and occalion to you the trouble of fending a meflenger to Hayes. I defire you to be allured, that few things can give me more real concern than to find that my notions of the public good differ fo widely from thofe of the man, whofe goodnefs of heart and private virtues I {hall ever refpeel and love. I am not infenfible to your kind motives for wifh- ing to interpofe time for fecond thoughts ; but knowing how much you approve an open and ingenuous proceeding, I trim that you will fee the unfitnefs of my concealing from my confti- tuents the infurmountable reafons, which pre- vented APPENDIX. 239 vented my obeying their commands in prefent- ing an addrefs, containing a difavowal of my opinion, delivered in parliament relating to the peace. As their fervant, I owe to thefe Gen- tlemen an explanation of my conduct on this oc- cafion ; and as a man not forgetful of the. diftin- guifhed honour of having been invited to repre- fent them, I owe it, in gratitude, to them, not to think of embarraffing and encumbering, for the future, friends to whom I have fuch obliga- tions; and who now view with approbation meafures of an adminiflration, founded on the fubverfion of that fyflem which once procured me the countenance and favour of the city of Bath. On thefe plain grounds, very coolly weighed, I will venture to beg again that my equitable, good friend will be fo good to con- vey to Mr. Mayor and the Gentlemen of the Corporation my fentiments, as contained in my letter of the 2d inftant, I am ever, with unchanging fentiment of ref- pe£t. and affeclion, My dear Sir, mod faithfully yours, W. PITT. Prior Park, June g, 1763.. My dearest Sir, WITH the greater!: anxiety and concern I have, in obedience to your poiitive and repeat- Vol. III. R ed 24O APPENDIX. ed commands, executed the moR painful com- million that I ever received. Upon this difagreeable occahon give me leave juft to fay, that however different our abilities may be, it is the duty of every honed man, after he has made the vtricteff enquiry, to acl purfu- ant to the light which the Supreme Being has been pleafed to difpenfe to him ; and this being the rule that I am perfuaded we both govern ourfelves by, I (hall take the liberty now only to add, that it is impoffible for any perfon to re- tain higher fentiments of your late glorious ad- ministration than I do, nor can be with truer fidelity, zeal, affection, and refpeft, than I have been, (till am, and always mail be, My dearefi Sir, Your mod humble and mofl obedient Servant3 Signed R. ALLEN. To the Right Hon. "Mr. Pitt. The bell wilhes of this family wait upon Lady Chatham. The citizens of Corke placed a fine white marble flatue of Mr. Pitt, as large as life, in a, niche on the Exchange, with the following in- fcriptions : " In honour of Mr, PITT, late Secretary and Minifter of State to their Majefties GEORGE APPENDIX. 241 GEORGE II. and III. of Great Britain, who, in a few years of his able and upright admini- ftration, reftored the honour of theBritifli arms, together with the fafety, influence, and glory of his King and country, this flatue is erected, by the citizens of Corke, anno 1764." This is on the one plate. On another is the following: " Sifte, viator, ubicunque terrarum oriundus. Vera Icon Gulielmi Pitt cujos fi nomen au- dies, nihil hie de fama defideres." ANECDOTE of LORD BUTE. * A CERTAIN noble Lord (Lord Bute) who has uttered many extraordinary things, up- on oblerving the warm profefhons of duty and affection to our Sovereign, in which every part of the kingdom rivalled another at his acceffion, (aid, in the Houfe of Lords in 1761, that it would be the duty of the peculiar fituation in which he found himfelf, to prevent the Nation's complimenting away its liberties to a King who was fo much beloved. It is to be hoped, the noble Lord was miftaken, if he thought the peo- ple of England would ever put his good ornces to the trial ; but his adminiftration, either^r^r or delegated, has not given a proof that they might have been relied upon. R 2 " Ever 24* APPENDIX. " Ever (ince this Favourite, whofe influence did not begin, and has not ended with the high office he refigned in 1763, took the afcendant at court, prerogative and the power of the Crown, have been founded in a manner of which there is no example, fince the Houfe of Hanover came to the throne, their pofleflion of which is a per- petual tribute to the paramount rights of the people, by whofe free choice it was conferred. Writers have been hired, not to defend the pre- rogative, for it was not invaded; not to main- tain it, for it was not difputed ; but to fcrew it up beyond the limits within which the conftitution has circumfcribed it; and an inclination has been viiibly manifefted to extend the royal in- fluence and authority in a manner as dangerous as furprifing. It has become fafhionable to re- gret that the prerogative was in too low a date; and the imprudence of juvenile politicians, in- toxicated with premature preferment, has not fcrupled to avow a defign formed to raife the power of the Crown. When there are fuch alarming appearances, the guards of the confti- tution lhould reft upon their arms, and the friends of liberty have their eyes about them." Remarks on the Principles of the Britifh Go^ vernment. Quarto edit, pag. 3. MI APPENDIX. 24,3 Q MILITARY ANECpOTES. ' Feb. 6, 1771. Thefe military anecdotes are not indeed Jlr idly connected with the memoirs of the Earl of Chat- ham, yet as they relate to the operations of war, during his adminiflration, they may not be thought undeserving of a place. They are taken from the Public Advertifer, Feb. 6, 1771. I AGREE with my friend Lord Barrington in thinking, that Britain did not mine in the pro- duction of Generals lafl war : and I mufl add that my friend, General Howard, was among the number of thofe who might as well have been filent on that fubjecl:. I fuppofe the fting of reflection went the deeper, from the confciouf- nefs of the juflice of the aflertion. If the qua- lifications requifite for a foldier, confided in in- venting numberlefs returns — wafting paper and ink, buckling a fhoe, cocking an hat, cutting the belts and pouches, adjufting their exact fym- metry and colour, and refting a firelock, with the toe two inches one way or another, then I believe General Howard, and the other Gene- rals, who ferved in Germany, would be among the firft-rate in the profeflion. The attention paid in England to the above minutiae, is infinitely too minute! — In confe- quence of which, young Gentlemen, on enter- R 3 in£ 244 APPENDIX. ing the fervice, think, that the whole profeffion they are to learn, confifls in drefling en militaire, being punctual at parades, underilanding the manual exercife, and learning; to be a martinett. — They Tee nothing elfe attended to by their fuperior officers, and, of courfe, conclude it is the fum total of military knowledge! — Their fu- perior officers never dream of inculcating the neceflity of learning how to take advantage of ground, in forming encampments, attacks, port- ing troops, erecting batteries, in forming maga- zines, and bakeries, in f'uch convenient places, and withfo much prudence, as to be at hand to? furnifh troops with forage, and with bread, at the fame time that they may not ferve to betray the intended movements of an army to an ene- my, or be in danger of being taken or deftroy- ed. Likewife in fludying how to take advan- tage of the overlight of an enemy, leading their troops into ambufcades, while endeavouring to avoid falling into any laid by them, &c. &c. For which purpofe, the being mailer of the Grecian and Roman hiftories — of the great Duke of Marlborough's and glorious Prince Ferdinands campaigns, is the only education capable of teaching an officer how to command an army, and lead it to repeated victories. I would not be underftoodto mean, that the manual exercife, and the drefiing of foldiers to appear military, is not to be attended to — far from it — no troops are fit to take the field, un- lefs they have been well drilled — it is the bufi- neis of commanding officers of regiments to fee that APPENDIX. 245 that properly performed. What I complain of is, that this is the only bufinefs which is attended to. After a young man has proved himfelf to be a good adjutant, he finds his character Suffi- ciently eftablifhed to obtain preferment', and he need give himfelf no trouble to (hew he has likewile been learning the way to command, and tonducl a corps in the face of an enemy, with honour and glory. I revere the memory of the late Duke of Cum- berland! The army had not the appearance of foldiers, till he dreffed it, and made good regu- lations. I revere his memory, for his fteady re- volution principles! for his bravery! for his having, under God, quaihed rebellion, and thereby refcued us from all the horrors of Po- pery ! and for his unalterable regard for our happy conflitution ! — yet as his military know- ledge never went beyond that of an adjutant, he was unable to conduct a great army — he could lead troops gallantly into a6lion, but then he was ignorant how to difpofe their dif- ferent attacks, fo as to perplex his enemy, and penetrate their line with advantage — how to fuftain his attacks, if repulfed, or cover their retreat if defeated! witnefs Fontenoy, where, if it had not been for Lord Crawford, no retreat would have been effected ! witnefs Kaftenbeck, where he gained a victory, and the enemv were on the route ! flying in confuhon ! but, by his not advancing his cavalry in time, they rallied, and he had that viclory turned into a total de- feat ! I would not have mentioned the Duke of R 4 Cumberland. 246 APPENDIX. Cumberland, if I had not been under a necef- fity, by way of accounting for the too minute attention to the minutiae, {hewn (fmce his time) by officers of the firft rank. The Duke began it, by taking more trouble when in the field, about how the officers were to be ported when the line was to be turned out of compliment — how they Were to be dreffed — the men accoutred, &c. &c. than in learning how to diftrefs the enemy, or eonduci the campaign; let anyone read his or- derly books — compare them with Prince Ferdi- nand's ! and then judge how very differently they employ their thoughts! this has led all oup Generals to follow his example ! his Majefty is now confirming it! witnefs the parade about nothing! attending to trifles! altering the way of wearing fafhes, as if that was of confequence jufficient to excite the attention of a great King! his officers of rank take no notice of the regi- mental officers fhamefully neglecting to pay at- tention to their men, in their firings — how do they level their pieces? Into the air! if they make' a noife, 'tis enough, though they aim at the clouds; I flood on the flanks at moft of the reviews, and I can fwear that three-fourths pre- fented fo as to have gone over houfes, not in their platoon, or grand divifion firings, but in running fires, which reprefent real aclion} and therefore ought to be mojl attended to — for if men get a practice of doing fo at exercife, they will hardly aim better when bullets whiffle about their ears. Now, to bring all I have faid, home U the general vjjlcers, and by way of proving their APPENDIX. 247 their military education to have been fadly ncg- Ictled, let us take a view of the appearance thofe made who were laft war in Germany, and by the few following fpecimens, judge of their tear like abilities. And, firlt, I mult except dead Lord Granby from the cenfure I am ab out to pafs on the other Generals — " Let others hail the r'tjing fun — \ 0 U A Letter to the Right Honourable the Earl of Chatham. Province of Ike Majfachufetts-Bay, Feb. 2, 1768. My Lord. THE particular attention you were pleafed to give to the intereft of the American fubjecis when their rights were in clanger, and your no- ble and fuccefsful efforts in fupport of them, have left in the breafts of all, the indelible marks of gratitude. The Houfe of Reprefentatives of this his Majeily's province, having reafon to be affured, that in every inflance of your public conduct, you are influenced by the principles of virtue, and a difinterefled public affection, beg leave to maniieft to your Lordflup, a teftimony of their full confidence in you, by imploring your repeated aid and patronage at this time, when the cloud again gathers thick over them. It mud afford the utmofl fatisfaclion to the diftreffed colonift, to find your Lordfhip fo ex- plicitly declaring your fentiments in that grand principle in nature, Ci that what a man hath honeftly acquired is abfolutely and uncontroul- ably his own." This principle is eftablimed as a fundamental rule in the P.ritifh conltitution, which eminently hath its foundation in the laws of nature; and confequently it is the indifput- ablc 266 * APPENDIX. able right of all men, more efpecially of a Britifh hrbjecT:, to be prefent in perfon, or by re^ prefentation, in the body where he is taxed. But however fixed your Lordfliip and fome others may be in this cardinal point, it is truly mortifying to many of his Majefly's free and loyal fubjecls, that even in the Britifh parlia- ment, that fancluary of liberty and juflice, a different fentiment feems of late to have pre- vailed. Unwilling to intrude upon your attention to the great affairs of Rate, the Houfe would only refer your Lordfliip to an A 61 paffed in the fourth year of the prefent reign, and another in the lad feffion of parliament; both impofing duties on the Americans, who were not reprefented, with the fole and exprefs purpofe of railing a revenue. What, my Lord, have the colonifts done to forfeit the characler and privilege of fubjecls, and to be reduced in effect, to a tribut- ary (late? This Houfe may appeal to the nation, that the utmofl aid of the people has been cheer- fully given when his Majefly required it: often, on their own motion, and when almoft ready to fuccumb under the expence of defending their own borders, their zeal has carried them abroad for the honour of their Sovereign, and the de- fence of his rights: of this, my Lord, not to mention any more, the reduction of Louifburgh in the year 1745, and the defence of his Majef- ly's garrifon at Annapolis, and of all Nova Scotia, will be Handing monuments. Can there then be a neceflity for lb great a change and in its APPENDIX. 267 its nature fo delicate and important, that inftead of having the honour of his Majelty's requifi- tions laid before their reprefentatives here, as has been invariably the ufage, the parliament ihould now tax them without their confent? The enemies of the colonics, for fuch they unfortunately have, may have reprefented them to his Majefly's miniflers, and the parliament, as factious, undutiful, difloyal: they, my Lord, are equally the enemies of Britain: fuch is your extenfive knowledge of mankind, and the lenti- ments and difpofition of the colonies in general, that this Houfe would freely venture to reft the chara61er of their constituents in your Lordfhip's judgment: furely it is no ill difpofition in the loyal fubje&s of a patriot King, with a decency and firmnefs adapted to their character, to aflert their freedom. The colonies, as this Houfe humbly conceive, cannot be reprefented in the Britifh parliament : their local circumflances, at the diftarxe of a thoufand leagues beyond the leas, forbids, and will for ever render it impracticable: this, they apprehend, was the reafon that his Majefty's royal predeceffors faw fit to erect fubordinate legiflative bodies in America as perfectly free as the nature of things would admit, that their re- mote fubjeds might enjoy that ineflimable right, a reprefentation, Such a legiflative is confH- tuted by the royal charter of this province. In this charter, the King, for himfelf, his heirs, and fucceflors, grants to the inhabitants all the lands and territories therein defcribed, in free and 268 APPENDIX. and common foccage; as ample eftate as the fubjecls can hold under the crown ; together with all the rights, liberties, privileges, and immuni- ties of his natural fubjecls born within the realm; of which the moft eifential is a power invelled in the General AiTembly to levy proportionable and reafonable taxes on the eiiates and perfons of the inhabitants, for the fervice of his Ma jefty, and the neceffary defence and fupport of his go- vernment of the province, and the protection and orefervation of the inhabitants. But though they were originally, and a'lvays, fince their fettlement, have been confidered as fubjecls re- mote, they have ever cherifhed a warm affection for the mother (late, and a regard for the inte- refl and happinefs of their fellow fubjecls in Britain. If then the colonics are charged with o the mod diftant thought of an independency, your Lordfhip may be affured, that, with re- fpeel to the people of this province, and, it is prefumed, of all the colonies, the charge is unjuft. Nothing could have prevailed upon the Houfe to have given your Lordfhip this trouble, but thenecelhty of a powerful advocate, when their liberty is in danger: fuch they have more than once found you to be; and as they humbly hope they have never forfeited your patronage, they entreat that your great interefl in national coun- cil may flill be employed in their behalf, that they may be reflored to the (landing of free fubjecls. That your Lordfhip may enjoy a firm (late of health, and long be continued, a great bleffmg to . APPENDIX. . 269 to the nation and her colonies, is the ardent wilh of this Houfe. Signed by the speaker W Copy of Lord Hillsborough's Letter to the American Governors. Whitehall, May 13, 1769. My Lord (or Sir), INCLOSED I fend you the gracious fpeech made by the King to his parliament, at the dole of the feflion on Tuefday laft. What his Majefty is pleafed to fay in relation to the meafures which have been purfued in North America will not efcape your notice, as the fatisfaclion his Majefty exprefies in the ap- probation his parliament has given to them, and the afliirances of their firm fupport in the pro- feeution of them, together with his royal opinion of the great advantages that will probably ac- crue from the concurrence of every branch of the legiflature, in the refolution of maintaining a due execution of the laws, cannot fail to pro- duce the moli ialutary effecls. From hence it will be underftood, that the whole legiflature concur in the opinion adopted by his Majefty 's fervants, that no meafure ought to be taken which can any way derogate from the legiilative authority of great Britain over the colonies ; but I can take upon me to allure 270 APPENDIX. afliire you, notwithflanding infmuations to the contrary, from men with factious and feditious views, that his Majefty's prefent administration have at no time, entertained a defign to propofe to parliament any further taxes upon America for the purpofe of raifing a revenue ; and that it is at prefent their intention to propofe, in the nextfeflion of parliament, to take off the duties "upon glafs, paper, and colours, upon confidera- tion of fuch duties having been laid contrary to the true principles of commerce. Thefe, my Lord, (or Sir) have always been, and frill are, the fentiments of his Majefty's pre- fent fervants, and the principles by which their conduct., in refpecf to America, has been go- verned ; and his Majefly relies upon your pru- dence and fidelity for fuch an explanation of his mcafures, as may tend to remove the preju- dices which have been excited by the mifrepre- fentations of thofe who are enemies to the peace and profperity of Great Britain and her colonies, and to re-efiablifh that mutual confidence and affeclion upon which the glory and fafety of the Britifh empire depend. I am, &c. (Signed) HILLSBOROUGH, His APPENDIX. £Jl X His Majesty's Answers to the humble Petitions presented to him from the City of London, deprecating the War with America. April 10, 1775. IT is with the utmofl aflonifhment that I find any of my fubjecls capable of encouraging the rebellious difpofition which unhappily exifts in fome of my colonies in North America. Hav- ing entire confidence in the wifdom of my par- liament, the great council of the nation, I will fleadily purfue thofe meafures which they have recommended, for the fupport of the conftitu- tional rights of Great Britain, and the protec- tion of the commercial interefls of my king- doms. July 14, 1775. I AM always ready to liflen to the dutiful petitions of my fubjecls, and ever happy to comply with their reafonable requefts ; but„ while the conflitutional authority of this king- dom is openly refilled by a part cf my American fubje£ts, I owe it to the red of my people, of whofe zeal and fidelity I have had fuch conftant proofs, to continue and enforce thofe meafures, by which alone their rights and interefls can be aiferted and maintained. Vol. III. T March 2J2 APPENDIX. March 22, 1776, I DEPLORE, with the deepeit concern, the miferies which a great part of my fubjefts in North America have brought upon thein- felves; by an unjufiifiable refiilance to the conftitutional authority of this kingdom : and I fhall be ready, and happy, to alleviate thofe miferies by acts of mercy and clemency, when- ever that authority is eftablifhed, and the now- exifling rebellion is at an end. To obtain thefe falutary purpofes, I will invariably purfue the moft proper and effectual means. March 13, 1778. I CAN never think that the zeal of my fub- jects, the refources of my kingdoms, and the bravery of my fleets and armies, can have been unwifely and improvidently exerted, when the object was to maintain the conftitutional fubor- dination which ought to prevail through the ieveral parts of my dominions, and is elfential to the profperity of the whole. But I have al- ways lamented the calamities infeparable from a Rate of war ; and (hall molt earneftly give all the efficacy in my power to thofe meafures which the legiflature has adopted, for the pur- pofe of reftoring, by fome happy, honourable, and permanent conciliation, the bleffmgs of peace, commerce, affection, and confidence, between the mother-country and colonies. APPENDIX. 273 An authentic Account of the part taken by the earl of chatham in a Transaction which passed in the beginning of the year i778. [N. B. The letters (a) (b), &c. refer to the me letters in Dr. Addingto is fubjoined to this account.] fame letters in Dr. Addington's narrative which VARIOUS falfe reports having been induf- trioufly propagated, concerning a negociation, (if it may be fo called) faid to have been car- ried on between the Earl of Bute and the late Earl of Chatham, it has been thought indifpen- fibly necefTary to draw up a difhncl and au- thentic account, from papers now in the pof- fefhon of the Earl of Chatham's family, of what did pafs relative to that affair, that it may appear, whether the tranfaction did, or did not, originate from Lord Chatham ; and that it may be clearly afcertained, what were his fentiments and difpofition with regard to it. It appears, (a) that various converfations had palled between Sir James Wright arid Dr. Ad- dinjjton, relative to ,Lord Bute and Lord Chat- ham, previous to the third of Februaiv, 1778, but that Lord Chatham was in no wile appri- fed of this, till the above-mentioned day, on which Dr. Addington went to Hayes, and read to lord Chatham the following extract of T 2 a letter, 274 APPENDIX. a letter, which the Doctor informed him, he had that morning received from Sir James Wright: No. I. — Extract o? a letter from Sir James Wright to Dr. Adding- TON. " As I immediately, on my return from Lord Bute's, took down in ibort hand the prin- cipal heads of it, I think I (hall not deviate ma- terially from the very words of the converfation, at leaft if the fpirit of his Lordfhip's language is debilitated, the effential matter of it is the fame. " I told Lord Bute, that a friend of mine, whofe honour and fmcerity I could rely upon, had hinted to me (that he thought Lord Chat- ham had a high opinion of his Lordfhip's ho- nour, as well as his fmcere good wilhes for the public fafety). He enquired who my friend was ? I told him it was you. He replied, I know he is much Lord Chatham's friend ; I know alfo, that he is an honed man, and a man of fenfe. I related to him the converfa- tion that had palled between yourfelf and me, at our laft meeting. He laid, Lord Chatham v as one of the very few he had ever atled with in adminiili vtion, who had (hewn great honefty and gentrohty of fentiment, with a fin- cere conduct., and intention for the King's and the public welfare. The APPENDIX. 275 The truth of this part is exprefsly denied by Dr. Addir.gton in his narrative, in which the Doclor declares, that to the belt, of his re- membrance, Lord Chatham had never once named Lord Bute to him [b] [b). " That as for himfelf, he faid, he had no connection with any one in adminitiration ; that he had not the leaft diftant friendship with Lord North, or he fhould certainly advife him, by all means, to aim at gaining Lord Chatham over to the King's fervice and confidence ; and, faid he, you may tell your friend, Dr. Adding- ton, to allure Lord Chatham, that if he mould think proper to take an aclive part in admini- ftration, he fhall have my mod hearty concur- rence, and iincere good wifhes ; and you have my full leave to communicate all my fenti- ments on this fubjecl to your friend, He con- tinued laying many very refpeclful things of Lord Chatham, adding, had we not unfortu- nately difagreed about the lafl peace, I am fure he and I fhould have continued fuch ileady friends, that this country never would have experienced her prefent fevere misfortunes. He alfo faid, the prior part of Lord Chatham's lafl fpeech, was manly and conilitutional, and could not but induce every one,, a well-wifher to his country, to wifh to. fee him again take a part in the government of the King's affairs, which would be a happinefs for the whole em- pire. He continued laying, perhaps we have men of abilities in the Houfe of Lords, but thofe in adminiflration (except Lord Suffolk, T 3 wh© 2/6 APPENDIOC. who is ufually ill half the year) are none of them fufriciently ferious, or attentive enough to the bufinefs of the nation, which is now of fo much confequencc, as not to be neglected in the lead degree. He therefore could not fay he had a good opinion of their conduct. He; alfo faid, in the courfe of the converfation, that nothing but the mod eminent danger to this country, mould induce him to take a part in the Government of it, unleis in conjunction with an upright and able adminiftration. e: Much more was faid, but of lefs moment ; however., all tended to convince me, that there are not two other men in the kingdom more faithfully inclined to the good and fafety of our prefent diflra6ted nation, than our two no- ble friends.'' [This letter was dated January 2, it mould have been February 2. having been received by Dr. Addington on February 3.] Lord Chatham dictated the following mef- fage in anfwer, which was taken down in writ- ing bv Dr. Addington, a copy of which was delivered by him to Sir James Wright : No. II. — Copy of a note given by Doctor Addington to Sir James Wright. " Lord Chatham heard with particular fatif- faction, the favourable fentiments on the fub- jecl of the noble lord, with whom you had talked with regard to the impending ruin of the APPENDIX. 277- the kingdom. He fears all hope is precluded, but adds, that zeal, duty, and obedience, may outlive hope; that if any thing can prevent the confu ruination of public ruin, it can only be new counfcls, and counfellors, without farther lofs of time ; a real change from a fmcere conviction of pail errors, and not a mere palliation, which mud prove fruitlefs." It appears from Dr. Addington's narrative. (c) that the Do6ior then proceeded to inform Lord Chatham of the fubftance of thofe parts of the converfation which had pafled between him and Sir James Wright, which are not reci- ted in Sir James's letter of Feb. 2, No. I. The account of this, as well as what pafTed at that time, in converfation between Lord Chat- ham and Dr. Addington, and particularly Lord Chatham's declaration, " that it was impoffible for him to ferve the King and country with either Lord Bute or Lord North" is contained in Dr. Addington's narrative (c). On the 7th of February, Dr. Addington fent. the following letter to Hayes : No. III. — Copy of a Letter frOiM Di?. Addington, to the Earl of Chat- ham, DATED WlGMORE-STREET, SATUR- day two o'clock. My good Lord. " Sir James Wright took a correct copy of the valuable writing entrufted to my care, be- T 4 tweea *2j8 APPENDIX. tween twelve and one yefterday. At one he waited on his friend, and I was to call in Brook- ftreet for his anfwer at half pafl two. I was punctual to the time; Sir James had been at home, but a few minutes before lny arrival had been called back to his friend. I waited half an hour, and then left a lettef, requeuing a line from Sir James, before he went out of town. — At five, I received a fhort note, faying that his flay in town could be of no fervice, and that he would give me an account by the poft this day "Tjf his converfation with . Perhaps more perfons than one were to be confulted before an account could be given. As far as I could learn, all parties would be pleafed with your Lordfhip and Lord Camden, and that no objec- tion was likely to be made to more than one of your Lordfhip's friends. Sir James Wright afked what was meant by the words "■ real change." I thought they wanted no explanation. He thought they included his friend, as well as the miniftry, and wilhed that your Lordfhip and his friend could have an interview, but gave me no com million to mention his wifhes. He only added, that he really believed it was in the power of your Lordfhip and his friend to fave the nation; I only added that I believed the King and your Lordfhip could fave the nation^ and that his friend might be inflrumental to its jalvation, by turning the royal mind from pafl errors. I hope your Lordfhip and Lady Chat- ham go on well, and that I fhall have the happi- nefs of paying my refpeets to you both in Har- Iey- APPENDIX. 2,79 Iey-ftreet, on Monday. I mod heartily con- gratulate my Lady and your Lordihip on the Jafe arrival of Mr. James Pitt. I am ever, my dear and good Lord, Your mod faithful, and obliged humble Servant, A. ADDINGTON. Wigmore-fcreet, two o'clock, Saturday. The fame night Lord Chatham wrote with his own hand the folio wmv note, in anfwer to Dr. Addington, which was received bv the Doctor O 3 4 the next morning. No. IV. — Copy of a Note from the Earl of Chatham to Dr. Addington. Hayes, Feb. j. " THE converfation. which a certain gentle- man has found means to have with you, are on his part of a nature too infidious, and to my feel- ings too ofTenfive, to be continued, otunr 'ejected. What can this officious emiiTary mean, by all the nonfenfe he has at times thrown out to you ? The next attempt he makes to furprize friendly integrity by courtly infinuation, let him know that his great patron and your village friend dif- fer in this,, one has brought the King and king- dom to ruin, the other' would lincerely endea- vour to lave it." Sir James had told the Doctor, and the Doc- tor had told Lord Chatham, that Lord Chat- ham 280 APPENDIX. ham and Lord Bute did not differ in political fentiments, which the Doctor thinks might oc- caiion the laft fentence in Lord Chatham's note. Dr. Addington, on the 8th of February, fent. to Lord Chatham at' Hayes the following letter, (enclohng one which he had received that day from Sir James Wright, foon after the receipt of the above note from Lord Chatham :) No. V. — Copy of a Letter from Dr. Addington to the Earl of Chatham. " I am infinitely obliged to you, my dear Lord,for your kind and friendly caution againft furprize and infmuation. It fhall never be for- gotten, and when I fee the gentleman next (which perhaps may be to-morrow) your Lordfhip's wife and noble commands fhall be literally obey- ed. The inclofed letter, which wTas promifed to come yeflerday by the pod., arrived this morning, by a fpecial melfenger. It needs no comment of mine; I am fure your Lordfliip will underfland the language and drift of it, much better than I can, or any body clfe. I am im- patient to fee your LordOrip in town, and pray a few minutes with you to-morrow. The time is come for you and you only to fave a King and kingdom. Your Lordfhip knows that I am ever Your mod faithful, And moil affectionate humble fervant, Teb. 8, 1778. A. ADDINGTON. No. APPENDIX. 28l No. VI. — Copy of a Letter from Sir James Wright to Dr. Addington. Ray-koiije, Feb. 7, 1778. My dear Doctor, " I communicated our converfation of yeder- day to my friend, foon after I left you, and then mewed him a copy of the paper you allowed me to tranferibe. You will ealily recollect., on my firft reading it over with you, the oblervation I made on the particular exprefiion in it, " Arcai change, and not a mere palliation ;" namely, that your noble friend Hill thought that Lord Bute had influence m the meafures of admini- stration. In the very fame light he alfo con- ftrued this expreflion;. he therefore defi red me to inform you, for the inilruction of your friend, that the ill health he had long been fubject. to, united with the diftrefies of his family, had ac- cuilomed him to a perfect, retired life, which he hoped, as long as he lived, Readily to adhere to; he added, that his long abfence from all fort of public bufmefs, and the many years which had intervened, fince he faw the King, precluded him from forming any idea of meafures pad or to come, but what he gathers from very ge- neral converfation, or the news-papers ; and this total ignorance, he faid, renders the opinion given of the prcfent dangerous criiis more alarming to him than it would otherwife be, and much more painful, as. notwkhftandirig his 282 APPENDIX, his zeal for tlie country, love for the King, and very high opinion of Lord Chatham, he has it not in his power to be of the leaft ufe in this dan- gerous emergency; and that from his heart he wifhed Lord Chatham every imaginable fuccefs in the reftoration of the public welfare. " I think, my dear Doctor, this was "almoft verbatim my friend's converfation ; at leafl I aai confident it is a fac-iimile of his real fentiments ; and you fee how very diftant they are from the leaf! inclination ever to interfere in the prefent or any future administration, which your friend feemed to apprehend. May he extend the pow- ers of his own great and honeft abilities, to heal the dreadful wounds, which this poor country has received from what he very wifely calls pajl errors. Without his head, as well as heart, I fear all is loft. I remember poor Lord Northington faying to me more than once, not long before his death, that li as I was a young man, I mould probably live to fee (if I furvived Lord Chat- ham and a few other great men) that this coun- try would not only want abilities, but hearts, and that our (late would then be really piteous, where both knowledge and integrity were want- ing to protecl us." " Pray God your noble friend may ilep forth before this ibrrowful epO- cha arrives, and ftcrn the dreadful tide of pro- fligacy, infattention to hufinefs, and barefaced immorality, which daily iricreafe in every de- partment of life, and mult bring down ruin, and the diflblution of our country. « That APPENDIX. 283 u That firft quality of knowledge, which Lord Northington lamented the extinction of in this country, I (hall never prefume to be entitled to ; but that of integrity I dare affert my claim to; and in that particular I hold myfelf inferior to no man: I only wifh it was in my power to give your great and invaluable friend the mofl con- vincing proofs of this aflertion, as well as of my profound veneration for him. You have known me long enough to be perfuaded that no- thing can divert me from the love of my coun- try, and the path of an honeft conduct ; there- fore ever command, with the utmoit freedom, my dear Doctor, Your mofl faithful and fmcere friend, JAMES WRIGHT." ** P. S. I {hall be in town onTuefday about three o'clock, and flay till the following day. The next day the following anfwer, written by the Countefs of Chatham, was fent to Dr. Addin^ton. No. VII. — Copy of a Letter from Lady Chatham to Dr. Addincton, dated Feb. 9. " I WRITE, my dear Sir, from my Lord's bed-fide, who has had much pain all laft night from gout in his left hand and wrifL The pulfe indicates more pain to come. He delires me to exprefs 284 APPENDIX. exprefs for him the true fenfe he has of all your very friendly attention in this very delicate and critical fituation. The Gentleman's letter which you tranfmit is handfomely written, and fuffici- ently explicit. At the fame time, it is impoffi- ble not to remark, how widely it differs from the tenor of fome of the intimations conveyed in former firange converfations to you. The letter now before him is written alfo with much good fenfe and candour, as coming from a heart touched with the extreme dangers impend- ing over the King and Kingdom. Thofe dan- gers are indeed extreme, and feem to preclude all hope. Hayes, quarter before one, Feb, 9. 1778. From this unambiguous and authentic account founded upon indilputable evidence, every im- partial perfon will determine, whether the fol- lowing propofition is not fully ellabliihed: viz. " That the late Earl of Chatham not only did not court a political negotiation with the Earl of Bute, but without hefitation, peremptorily rejected every idea of acling with his Lordfhip in admintflration. DR. APPENDIX. 285 DR. ADDINGTON's NARRATIVE. CONTAINING HIS ACCOUNT OF WHAT PASSED RELATIVE TO THIS TRANSACTION. (a) THE firft time Sir James Wright talked with Dr. Addington, refpecling Lord Bute and Lord Chatham, was about the beginning of* Ja- nuary, 1778. Sir James began with lamenting the fituation of this country, and gave it as his opinion, that the only method of faving it was for Lord Bute and Lord Chatham to unite firmly together, but remarked, that they were two of the men the Kin^ hated mod. After various converfations on this matter, Sir James faid Lord Bute thought Lord Chatham had a difrefpect for him. Dr. Addington replied, (/;) that, to the belt of his remembrance, Lord Chatham had never once named Lord Bute to him, but that he thought Lord Chatham had no difrefpe6i for Lord Bute ; adding, that though they might differ in politics. Lord Chatham was not the kind of man to have difrefpeti, or bear ill will to any man. Sir James added, he was fure Lord Bute had the higheft refpecl: for Lord Chatham ; that he had heard Lord Bute bellow great commendations on his whole fpeech at the beginning of the feffion, except that part which regarded the recall of the troops, and that the Doctor might tell Lord Chatham i'o if he pleafed ; but he never mentioned it till the 3d of February. Nothing i85 •APPENDIX. Nothing more paffed till the 2d of February, when Sir James afked the Doclor, whether he had mentioned their former converfation to Lord Chatham. He faid he had not ; Sir James then laid, that fince that converfation he had feen Lord Bute, and was certain he had the fame earned defire with Lord Chatham to fave the country ; and was alio certain, that nobody could fave it, but Lord Chatham, with the af- fiflance of Lord Bute : that Lord Bute was ready to a (Tilt him, and would be Secretary of State in the room of Lord Weymouth : the Do£lor underftood that Lord Bute had told Sir James fo ; and he has afked Sir James once or twice fince, whether Lord Bute would have been Secretary of State in Lord Weymouth's room ? and he anfwered, Yes, he would, or would not, as Lord Chatham pleafed. When Sir James had mentioned Lord Bute's readinefs to allilt Lord Chatham, and to be Secretary of State, he exprelled a wifh that the whole which had palled might be communicated to Lord Chatham. The Doclcr on this refolved to go to Hayes the next morning for that purpofe, looking upon it as a matter of very great mo- ment. But he defired to have in writing, before he went, the fubftance of what had pafled be- tween Lord Bute and Sir James. Sir James faid he had not time to write then, as he was in a hurry to go to Ray Houfe, but would writer in the evening, and fend his letter to town by nine the next morning. The Doclor, notwith- standing, was permitted to acquaint Lord Chatham APPENDIX. 287 Chatham with Lord Bute's willingnefs to be Secretary of State, and, as he underflood, with every thing elfe he has depofed, which is not exprefTed in the letter (Vide No. I. in the pre- ceding account). The letter is dated the 2d of January, 1778 : it fhould have been dated Fe- bruary 2d : the Doctor received it February 3d, before nine in the morning, and fet out directly for Hayes. He read the letter to Lord Chatham, who was very attentive, and inva few minutes afterwards dictated this anfwer (Vide No. IL in the preceding account), (c) As foon as Dr. Addington had writ and read to Lord Chatham the above anfwer, he communicated to Lord Chatham what Sir James Wright had told him of the readinefs of Lord Bute to be Secretary of State in the place of Lord Weymouth. He feemed to think it flrange. " Indeed," faid he, " did Sir James Wright tell you fo ?" " He certainly told me fo." — After this, he afked Lord Chatham, whether he had any objection to coming in with Lord Bute or Lord North? He lifted up his hands, and faid, " It was im- pofhble for him to ferve the King and Country with either of them ; and if any one afks you about it, I defire you to bear witnefs that you heard me fay fo,'"' He repeated the fame words jufl as the Doctor was leaving him. Sir James continued at Ray Houfe till Fe- bruary 5th or 6th. He called on the Doctor in the morning of the 6th, and took a correct copy of Lord Chatham's anfwer, dated Fe- bruary 3d. Upon reading it, he aiked what Vol. III. U was 288 APPENDIX. was meant by the words i: real change."' It looks, faid he, as if they included Lord Bute as well as the Miniftry, and as if Lord Chatham thought Lord Bute was concerned in public ajfairs. I can allure you, he has nothing to do with them, and has not feen the King thefe two years. If Lord Chatham has a mind to under- take the direction of public affairs, there will be no objection to his having the aihftance of Lord Camden; but there are fome he might chufe who could not be admitted. Sir James faid, he was to wait on Lord Bute at one that day, and would fend the Doclcr an anfwer to Lord Chatham's paper between two and three, if Lord Bute (houid chufe to give any. But a misfor- tune happening in Lord Bute's family, no an- fwer was fent till February 8th in the morning. On the 7th of February, a fervant of Lord Chatham's came to town, by whom Dr. Ad- dington fent a letter to Hayes at two o'clock, giving Lord Chatham an account of the above- mentioned converfation with Sir James Wright on the 6th. On the evening of the 7th, his Lordfhip wrote the following anfwer, which the Doclor received the next morning. (Vide No. III. and No. IV. inferted in the preceding account). On the 8th of February, foon after Lord Chatham's letter arrived, the Doclor received that letter from Sir James, which had been ex- pected from February 6th. (Vide No. VI. in the preceding account \ It is dated February 7th, and contains Lord Bute's anfwer to Lord Chatham's APPENDIX. 289 Chatham's paper of February 3d. The Doctor lent it immediately to Hayes, and had the next morning the following anfwer written by Lady Chatham, dated February Cjth. (Vide No. VII. in the preceding account.) The Do£tor com- municated to Sir James Wright this letter from Lady Chatham, and alio the latter part of that from Lord Chatham as foon as he could, and fo the affair ended. (b) P. S. In Sir James Wright's letter of Fe- bruary 2d, there are the following words : " I told Lord Bute that a friend of mine had hinted to me, that he thought Lord Chatham had a high opinion of his Lordihip's honour, as well as his lincere good willies for the public fafety." After reading thefe words to Lord Chatham, the Doctor could not but take notice that Sir James had miftaken him, for all he faid was, that he thought Lord Chatham had no difrefpett for Lord Bute, &c. as is Hated above. The two following Letters were writ- ten IN CONSEQUENCE OF THE PUBLICA- TION OF THE PRECEDING AUTHENTIC AC- COUNT. Hill-Street, 051. 23, 1778. THE publication which appeared about the middle of this month, and faid to be taken from a copy handed about by the friends of the late Earl of Chatham, makes it neceffary for me to give an anfwer, figned with my name. U 2 The £9° APPENDIX. The firft paragraph of that publication ob* ferves very truly, that various falfe reports had been induftrioufly propagated concerning a ne-* gotiation faid to have been carried on between the Earl of Bute and the late Earl of Chatham. No lefs than three feveral reports of negotia- tions between thofe two noble Lords, reached me in the courfe of lad fpring, each differing from the other two in circumftances, and all from one another in the fubftitutes named, as having been employed in the tranfa6tions ; and I took fome pains to fearch into the origin of thefe (lories ; not to fatisfy any doubt of mine as to their falfehood, (for I believed none of them) but to convince fome of my acquaint* ance who difagreed, and others who might dif- agree with me in opinion upon the fubjecr.. In confequence of thefe enquiries, the perfons mentioned as agents, or meffage-bearers, in two of the three reports, very readily difclaimed all lhare in, or knowledge of the tranfaclions af- cribed to them. With refpect to the third, there was more pretence of foundation, fince meffages certainly paffed (as appears by your publication of the 15th of October) between the late Earl of Chatham and my father, by means of Sir James Wright and Dr. Addington. The reprefentation I had heard of fome par- ticulars in the fubjecl matter of that intercourfe furprized me fo much, that I requefled the fa-, vour of an explanation from Dr. Addington, who oblisnndy allowed me to write from his mouth -fuch tin account as he thought lit to g*ve me. Appendix. ?oi me, and approved my (late of it when written. This was put into Sir James Wright's hands, who in a fhort time produced an anfwer contra* dialing it in all the material articles of their con* Verfations, on which Dr. Addington's reports to Lord Chatham had been founded-. I read over the anfwer to Dr. Addington, who perfifled in maintaining the truth of his relation ; but laid, he would re-confider the matter at leifure, and put his thoughts into writing. Accordingly he afterwards ferit me a paper, the fame with that referred to in your publication, and fince printed under the title of Dr. AddingtOri's Narrative. The relations given by thefe two gentlemen being thus inconfiftent, it was thought proper that a full abftxacl: mould be prepared of their Jrefpe&ive papers and others which my enquiries had produced, including my father's own ac- count of his part in Sir James Wright's tran- faction, digefled into fome method ; to be fhewn to fuch as might defire to fee it, but not allowed to be copied. This abilracl, or digeft, was ex- ecuted by a friend, at my requeft, in a fair ftate of the allegations on both fides between Sir James and the Doctor ; with a preliminary de- tail or introductory narrative of the feveral fleps I had taken in the inquiries above-mentioned : and my friend's compilation hath been read by a few people ; but no copy, as I am informed, hath been delivered out of my family, except one, which had been intended for a very near relation, and was fent to Lady Chatham, with copies of Sir James Wright's papers, at her U 3 Ladyfhip's 292 APPENDIX. Ladyfhip's own defire. To thefe communica- tions, I underftand. it is immediately owing, that the authentic account publifhed was judged indifpenfably neceffary to be drawn up and cir- culated ; of which Lady Chatham was fo good as to furnifh my father with a copy thirteen or fourteen days before it appeared in print ; fo that I, who confider myfelf as being, in fome degree, the caufe of the publication, am, for this reafon, called upon to take a public no- tice of it, if my connection, and the nature of the occafion, did not afford me fufhcient in- ducement and caufe for fo doinij. The account is avowed exprefsly to be drawn up from papers m poileffion of the Earl of Chatham's family, in order to (hew whether the fuppofed negotiation did or did not originate from his Lordihip : fo that the papers are con- fefiedly furnifhed by the Earl's family for the purpofe of compofing this account, which there- fore bears the (lamp of that family's authority, whether printed by their direction or not. The account clofes with the following obfer- vation, viz. " from this unambiguous and au- thentic account, founded on indifputable evidence, every impartial 'per Jon zvill determine whether the following proportion is not fully eJlabliJJicd, viz. ihal the late Earl of Chatham not only did not court a political negotiation with the Earl of Bute, but without hefittttim peremptorily rejected aery idea of acting zcith Ins Lordfliip in ad- mini/iration..,> The proportion here put, it mult be obferved, does APPENDIX. 093 does not only concern Lord Chatham's rejection of every idea, Sec. but irivolyes in it a Pcrong implication, as if Lord Bute had defired and propofed to take a part in adminiftration with his -Lordfhip. Now I do not at all enter into the qucftion, 'whether Lord Chatham did or did not court a negotiation with the Earl of Bute : but when I conuder the expreffion in his Lordfhip's dictated anfwer to Sir James Wright's letter, that he heard with particular fatis faction the favourable fentvments on this jubjebl of the noble Lord (Viz. Lord Bute) zvilh whom Sir James Wright had talked, and the following words of the fentence, that zeal, duty, and obe- dience might outlive hope, even under the im- pending ruin of the kingdom, it appears to me, that whatever idea.s his Lordfhip might rejec\ he had not then refolved to rejecl all ideas of negotiation with my father, conceiving, per- haps, from his afTurance of hearty concurrence and (incere good wifhes conveyed in Sir James Wright's letter, fome expeclation of having the door of the cabinet opened to him by that hand, which, according to his notions, had always kept the key. I may proceed a Peep further : it feems probable that Lord Chatham, at the beginning of the prefent vear, was looking out for a negotiation with my father : for Mr. Dagge, who was faid in one of the above-mentioned reports to be concerned in tranfacl ing a nego- tiation between the two noble Lords, and who is an acquaintance of Lord Bute, happening to fay in common converfation with a friend of U 4 Lord 294 APPENDIX, Lord Chatham, that he had heard my father {peak refpeftfully of Lord Chatham, and give his opinion, that Lord Chatham's Cervices mult of courfe be called for in the prefent crifis ; and this being reported to Lord Chatham by his friend, who heard it from Mr. Dagge, his Lord- fhip inflantly concluded, the words to be meant as a meffage to him from my father ; but luck- ily his friend undeceived him in time ; of which I alfo have my indifputable evidence from a paper of that friend, who obliged me with it at my own defire, but who cannot be fufpected of wanting partiality for Lord Chatham. — It is faid in the Authentic Account, from the evidence of Dr. Addington's Narrative, that Lord Chatham held a converfation with the Doctor at Hayes, in which the former declared it was impojfible for him to Jerve the public with either Lord Bute or Lord North; but I believe nobody would clifcern, in this part of their converfation at Hayes, the fhadow of a proof that my father offered to ferve the public in a miniftry with his Lordfhip, unlefs Dr. Addington had added this circumflance in his Narrative, as gathered from Sir James Wright's difcourfe with him : fo that at lafl the indifputable evidence of this fact, fo far as regards my father, refts wholly upon Dr. Addington's Narrative, which hath been flatly contradicted in that point, again and again, by Sir James Wright. Undoubtedly the Doctor and Sir James would have been fufficient witneffes of the meffage intended to be con- veyed through them, if their accounts had agreed ; APPENDIX. 295 agreed ; but they differ fo widely and effentially, that no evidence feems to have lefs claim to be called indifputable. What other evidence then can be reforted to in this cafe, but Lord Bute's relation of his own proceedings ? This I am at liberty to give you in the following extract from his letter to Lady Chatham of the 16th of Au- £uit la(l, dated from Luton Park, c> " Madam, " I AM happy in the opportunity your Lady* (hip gives me of relating to you all I know con- cerning a tranfaclion, in which both Lord Chatham and I have been Urangely mifreprefent- ed to each other, and concerning which fo many falfhoods have been induftrioufly propagated. When Sir James Wright communicated to me the very flattering language in which he de- clared Lord Chatham had expreffed himfelf concerning me, I was naturally led to mention my regard for his Lordlhip; and the high opinion I entertained of his fuperior talents, hoping, from what was then publicly talked of, to fee them once more employed in the mmifterial line ; and collecting from Sir James, that the. knowledge of mv fentiments would not, on this occafion, be difpleafing, I did not hefitate to exprefs my hearty wilhes, that this important event might foon take place. Some time after this I was extremely furprifed with a converiation Sir James faid Br. Addington wifhed to be re- ported to me: it was in fubiiance LordChatham's opinion zg6 appendix. opinion of the alarming fituation we were irtj and the neceffary meafures to be immediately taken upon it. As fuch a communication, to a perl'on in my retired fituation, feemed only made on a fuppofition that I had flill fome (hare in public councils, it appeared neceflary for me to diftate to Sir James my anfwer ; in which, after lamenting the dangerous fituation of af- fairs, unknown to me in fuch an extent, I ad- ded, that this affected me the more, as my long illnefs, and total feclulion from all public bu- fthefs, put it out of my power to be of the lead fervice. — This, Madam, is the whole I was privv to in this affair, and all that paffed between Sir James and me upon it." If any further explanation can be neceflary from my father, refpecting either the defign or purport of his meffage, he allows me to fay, in his name, that he did (perhaps erroneoufly) confider Dr. Addington's reprefentations of Lord Chatham's manner of fpeaking of him, as reported at the time by Sir James Wright, to be intimations thrown out by his Lordlhip, in order to know his (my father's) fentiments upon the fubjecl of his coming then into adminiitra- tion : for which reafon my father did not fcruple to fend a meffage by the perfon from whom he derived his information, fignifying, that if Lord Chatham was appointed to adminifiration, the hearty concurrence of his judgment and fincere wTifhes of fuccefs would follow that appointment. He avers, at the fame time, that he did not conceive APPENDIX. 2 C)7 conceive a thought of proposing himfelf to his Lord Hi ip for any office, or of accepting any office with him, his own inclination having never prompted him, nor his ftate of health admitted him, to engage in public bufinels, except on very few occaiions in the Houfe of Lords, from the time of his quitting the Treafury in 1763 ; neither did he entertain an idea of fus^cjeflmff to Lord Chatham any arrangement of an admi- nistration, his wifnes, and. the communication of them through Sir James Wright, having folely regarded Lord Chatham. There is another paffage in your publication, which appears to me more material dill with refpe6t to my father, than what I have already mentioned. This is the copy of a note from Lord Chatham in his own hand-writing to Dr. Addington, faying, the next attempt he (Sir James Wright) makes to furpnfe friendly integrity with courtly injinu~ ation, let him know thai his great patron and your village friend differ in this ; one has brought the King and Kingdom to ruin, the other zcould jui- cer ely endeavour tofave it. Here is a letter under the Earl of Chatham's hand, vouched to be fuch by the authority of his family, imputing to Lord Bute thofe coun- fels, which Lord Chatham fays (whether juflly or erroneouflv, is not the prelent quellion) have ruined the King and Kingdom. Every reader will at once have underflood this imputation to he founded on Lord Chatham's opinion of Lord Bute's fecret influence (as it. is called) by which he has been imagined to dictate or controul the me a fu res 2C$ APPENDIX* meafures of the cabinet ever fince the Earl of Chatham left it. Lord Bute has not been ig- norant of the long prevalence of that error, having feen himfelf mod injuriouUy treated in confequence of it, for many years paft, by wri- ters of pamphlets, newfpaper effays, and poli- tical paragraphs ; all which he palled over iri filent indignation and contempt : but when he kcs the fame cruel miftakes advanced and coun- tenanced by fuch an authority as the Earl of Chatham, he thinks he mould be wanting to himfelf if he did not encounter it with the bell evidence that can be fuppofed to lie within his reach. There are but two perfons in the kingdom who are capable of knowing the negative of that opinion with abfolute certainty. One of them is of a rank too high to be appealed to, or even mentioned on this occahon • the other is him- felf. He does therefore authorize me to fay, that he declares upon his folemn word of ho- nour, that he has not had the honour of wait- ing on his Majefty but at his levee or drawing* room, nor has he prefumed to offer an advice pr opinion concerning the difpofition of offices, or the conduct of meafures, either direclly or indirectly, by himfelf or any other, from the time when the late Duke of Cumberland was confulted in the arrangement of a miniflry in 1765, to the prefent hour. Before I conclude. I mud apprize your rea-* ders, that I do not intend to fet up for a newf* paper author, or to anfwer queftions, objetiions, or APPENDIX. 299 er obfervations, or to engage in printed alter- cation with any body. I am, &c. MOUNTSTUART. Harley-Street, Thurfday, Otl. 29, 1778. A LETTER appeared in the papers of Oc- tober 26, figned by Lord Mountfluart, of which I think it incumbent upon me to give public notice, and I mould have done fo fooner, if I had not been, at that time, at fome diftance. from London. His Lordfhip's letter contains fome paffages which I think injurious to my fa- ther's memory, as well as obfervations on an Authentic Account, Sec. (which lately appeared in print) which feem to require an anlwer from Lord Chatham's family. I wifh it had fallen to fome other hand to difcharge this debt to my father's memory ; at the fame time, mv imp a* tience to vindicate his conduct, and to free this fubjecl: from mifconflruction, cannot, I am per- fuaded, fland in need of any excufe, either to- wards Lord Mountfluart, or towards the public. Lord Mountfluart, in the beginning of his let- ter, fays, that no lefs than three reports of ne- gotiations between my father and Lord Bute reached him in the courfe of lad fpring. One of them appears to have arifen from the tranfaction between Sir James Wright and Dr. Addington, of which the public have heard fo much al- ready $00 APPENDIX. ready. — Another from that affair in which Mr. Dagge was concerned, which I (hall have oc- calion to mention hereafter. — And the third re- port, which Lord Mountfluart alludes to, I fuppofe to be the fame with that mentioned in a paper drawn up at Lord Mountftuart's requeft by Mr. Martvn. If it is, I can only fay, that I have been allured by my brother-in-law, Lord Mahon, that my father himfelf told him, that Lord Bute's name was not mentioned in the af- fair which has occafioned that report. Lord Mountfluart afterwards alludes to the abflracl, or digefl, drawn up by his friend on the fubjcfcfc of the negotiation between my father and Lord Bute. I think it right to declare, that that paper, which was fent to my mother, at her requeil, by Lord Bute, together with the declarations of Sir James Wright and other concurring reports, tended, in the opinion of the family, to bring imputations on my father's character, which they could not fuffer to pafs unnoticed. The perfons therefore who compiled thofe papers fent to Lady Chatham, or who propagated fuch injurious reports, were, in facl, the caufes of the Authentic Account being drawn up and circulated. I {hall now proceed to take notice of the re- marks made by Lord Mountfluart on the con- cluding prcpofition of the Authentic Account, which is, "• That the late Earl of Chatham not only did not court apolitical negotiation zvith the Earl of Bute, but without hefitaiion, peremptorily rc^ jecied every idea of a&rig with Ins Lorclflnp in admu APPENDIX. 301 wiminijlration? His Lordfhip fays, " that the propoli tion does not only concern Lord Chatham's rejeclion of every idea, &c. but involves in it a flrong implication, as if Lord Bute had defired and propofed to take a part in adminiflration with him." To this I fay, that the propolition, as quoted above, does not neceffarily involve fuch an implication, nor is it any where afterted in the Authentic Account, that Lord Bute did make any fuch propofal. The propofition only implies (what I think the Authentic Account fully proves) that what was reported to Lord Chatham by Dr. Addington, was brought to him as com- ing from Lord Bute. Whether the ideas thus conveyed to Lord Chatham originated entirely with Sir James Wright — whether they arofe from mifapprehenfions of Dr. Addington, or whether they proceeded from Lord Bute him- felf, it is equally inconteflible, in every one of thefe cafes, that they came to Lord Chatham in the manner ftated in the Authentic Account, Lord Chatham coul-d confider thofe ideas only in the fhape in which they came to him, arid his mefiages in confequence are fufficient to fhew his determination on this fubjett, without our enquiring how far the advances made to him were or were not authorized by Lord Bute. The fole motive of drawing up the Authentic Account, was the defire of vindicating my fa- ther's memory, and not any wilh to affecl the chara61er of Lord Bute. If any one by reading the Authentic Account, is led to form any opinion relative to Lord Bute, it .mult be from the na- ture g02 APPENDIX. ture of the papers contained in it (which were neceffary to be produced for my father's j uni- fication) and not from any affertion made or implied in any part of the account. Whoever has read it, mufl have obferved, that it confifts of written and indifputable evidence, and does not contain a fingle word beyond that evidence, excepting only the few introductory lines, — the allufion to various converfation which had pafled between Sir James Wright and Dr. Addington, previous to the 3d of February, which circum- stance, I am perfuaded, cannot be called in queftion, — the mention of Lord Chatham's con- ■verfation with Dr. Addington, and his decla- ration relative to Lord Bute and North, which no one can pretend to controvert — and finally, the concluding proportion, of the truth of which the public mufl judge, by considering the fafts from which it is deduced. With refpect to Dr. Addington's Narrative, it was, by his permiffion, added in the Appendix, in order to throw light on fome part of the tranfa&ions. If Sir James Wright contefts any thing advanced in the Doctor's Narrative, the public judgment will finally reft on the comparative degree of credit due to thofe two gentlemen, and upon the pro- bability or improbability of their refpeclive af- fertions. Lord Mountftuart alfo fays, " that he does not at all enter into the queftion, whether Lord Chatham did or did not enter into a negotiation with the Earl of Bute." If his Lordmip had flrictly adhered to this intention through the ^ remainder APPENDIX. 303 remainder of his letter, thefe remarks would have been lefs neceflary. His Lordfhip then endeavours to prove, •« That my father, at the time of dictating his anfwer to Sir James Wright's firft letter, had not refoJved to rejeft all ideas of negotiation with Lord Bute." Now, if Lord Mountftuart means by this, that Lord Chatham would not, from any perfbnai objection to Lord Bute, have refufed to liften to fuch propofals, as may be perfectly confiftent with his honour and his principles, and which he might have accepted with the profpecl of being ferviceable to his country, merely becaufe they came through his Lordfhip ; Lord Mountftuart can deduce from this nothing that in any way affects the prefent queftion. — If, on the other hand, he means that Lord Chatham had not refolved to reje6t a negoti- ation of any other defcription, or that there was any time when he would not have rejected every idea of acting with Lord Bute inadminiltration; this opinion is utterly without foundation, and no argument has been produced in fupport of it. The expreflions which Lord Mountftuart quotes from my father's note are thefe : that *' Lord Chatham heard -with particular fatis faction the favourable fentiments on this fubjetl of the noble Lord 7oiik whom Sir James Wright had talked," and that " zeal, dufy, and obedience might outlive hope," (even under the impending ruin of the kingdom). Now what does the firlt of thefe expreflions amount to, but that Lord Yob. III. X Chat. ^04 APPENDIX, Chatham heard with much fatisfaclion, thofe high expreffions of approbation, and explicit offers of concurrence, from one who was ge- nerally thought (no matter how truly) to have fo much influence in the government of this country, which were conveyed in Sir James Wright's firfl letter, with the exprefs defire that they might be communicated through Dr. Ad- dington to Lord Chatham ?— And what is the meaning of the fecond expreflion, but that Lord Chatham, however defperate he thought the fituation of public affairs, would dill perform the duties of a good fubjeel:, in endeavouring to prevent, if pofhble, the final ruin of the kingdom ? It is impoffible therefore to argue from either of thefe expreffions, which were written in anfwer to Sir James Wright, that my father either courted a negotiation with Lord Bute, or was willing to acl with his Lordfhip in admiuiilration ; unlefs it can be pretended that the profeffion of zeal, duty, and obedience, are to be referred to Lord Bute. Let it alio be re- membered, that the very meffage from which Lord Mountftuart has quoted the expreffions above recited, contains in it the declaration of Lord Chatham's opinion, (i That, if any thing can prevent the confummation of public ruin, it can only be new cotmfels and new counfellors, without further lofs of time, a real change from Jincere conviction of paft errors, and not a mere palliation, zoluch mufl. prove frui tie fs, "which words were confidered by Sir James Wright, and, (as appears from Sir James's letter of February 7thj APPENDIX. 305 7th) were confidered by Lord Bute himfelf, as including his Lordfhip as well as the miniftry. Lord Mountftuart next attempts to (hew, " that Lord Chatham, at the beginning of the prefent year, was looking out for a negotiation with Lord Bute." It is not very clear what exacliy is meant by that expreflion, I cannot imagine Lord Mountftuart to have intended to imply, that Lord Chatham expected a negotia- tion would be begun on the part of Lord Bute; becaufe that would feem as if Lord Mountftuart admitted that there was ground for fuch an expectation. But, if he intended by this expreffion to convey, that Lord Chat- ham was difpofed to court a negotiation with the Earl of Bute, I muft take the liberty to af- fert, that the circumftance he refers to is no proof of fuch a ppfition. The affair mentioned by Lord Mountftuart, in which Mr. Dagge was concerned, was reported to Lord Chatham by his nephew, Mr. Thomas Pitt, (who is at pre- fent out of England) and it is from him that Lord Mountftuart muft have received the ac- count he alludes to. His Lordfhip has not thought proper to lay that paper before the public, and therefore I need not enlarge upon the fubje£t ; but I am confident Mr. Pitt can- not have afferted any thing which has the moft remote tendency to prove that Lord Chatham was at any time looking out for a negotiation with Lord Bute. The only reafon alledged by Lord Mountftuart for thinking that he was, amounts to no more than this: That Lord Bute X 2 did 305 APPENDIX. did fpeak refpeSfuIly of Lord Chatham to Mr, Dagge, and did declare his opinion, that Lord Chatham's fervices muft of eoitrfi be called for in the prefent crijis. That Mr. Dagge did com- municate this to Lord Chatham's nephew, Mr, Thomas Pitt. That he did go to Hayes, in or- der to report this to Lord Chatham — and that Lord Chatham did in confequence imagine, that it was meant by Lord Bute to be commu- nicated to him. On this I do not think it necef- fary to make any obfervation. I muft however add, that thofe who received an account of this affair from my father's own mouth, know, that he was fo far from welcoming thefe unau^ thorized advances, with the view of improving them into farther negotiation, that he expreffed, in the ftrongeft terms, his diflike to fuch a mode of application. Lord Mountftuart obferves, that Lord Chat- ham's declaration to Dr. Addington, w that it was impojjible for him to ferve the public with either Lord Bute or Lord North" is no proof that Lord Bute offered to ferve the public in a miniftry with Lord Chatham. It was never in- tended as a proof of that matter ; but merely as an evidence of Lord Chatham's refolution not to aci in ad mini ft ration with Lord Bate. To that point Dr. Addington's evidence is conclu- live; for however other parts of his Narrative may be contradicted by Sir James Wright, it is impoflible for Sir James to difpute his account of the converfation between Lord Chatham and the Doctor, at Hayes, There are. however, other .APPENDIX. 307 olher perfons, beMdes Dr. Addingto-:, to whom Lord Chatham has made the frrpngeft declara- tions to the fame purpofe : and the more his eonducl is canvafled, the more proofs will ap- pears of* this unalterable resolution. I muft now add a few words with regard to the extraft of Lord Bute's letter to my mother, which is quoted by Lord Mountftuart* Lord Bute mentions, " that Sir James Wright com- municated to him the very flattering language in which Sir James declared Lord Chatham ex- preffed himfelf concerning Lord Bute." I am very far from questioning, that Sir James Wright expreffed himfelf in the manner ftated by Lord Bute; but I mull obierve, that Sir James does not pretend to have heard that Lord Chatham held fuch language, from any other perfon than from Dr. Addingaon; and whoever will take the trouble to recur to the Doctors Narrative, will there find that the Doctor, in the beginning of this tranfaclion, declared to Sir James Wright, that, to the bed of his re- membrance, Lord Chatham had never once named Lord Bide to him. Lord Bute, in another part of his letter, fays, " that he was extremelv furprifed with a con- verfation Sir James faid Dr. Addington wiih- ied to be reported to him. It was in fubftance Lord Chatham's opinion of the alarming condi- tion we were in, and the neceffary meafures to be immediately taken upon it." Lord Bute cannot poflibly here refer to any thing, except to the paper. No. II. which is printed in the X 3 Au.- 30S APPENDIX* Authentic Account. The opinion contained lit that paper of the necejfary meafures to be taken, is only in general terms , " that if any thing can prevent the consummation of public ruin, it can only be new counfels and new counfellors, &C.'1 and this communication did not proceed fpon- taneoufly from my father, but was in anfwer to Sir James Wright's letter, of February 2, which was by his defire communicated to Lord Chat- ham. The latter part of Lord Mountftuart's letter relates to Lord Chatham's expreffion, That Lord Bute hold brought the King and Kingdom to ruin. What reafon Lord Chatham had at that time for thinking that Lord Bute influ- enced the meafures of government, it would be prefumption in me to examine; nor is it for me to enquire, whether he was or was not deceived in his opinion of the public ruin. But in this fmgie inftance, thofe who revere his memory the moft will fmcerely rejoice (as he himfeif would were he living) if they mould find his opinion dilproved by the event. I am, &c WILLIAM PITT. Z An Account of the Funeral of the Earl of Chatham. In confequence of the Addrefs of the Houfe of Commons on the 11th of May 1778, the body lay in (late in* the Painted Chamber on the 7th and 8th of June, Tuefday, APPENDIX. 309 Tuefday, the 9th, at two o'clock, the fune- ral proceflion began from the Painted Chamber, through Weftminfler Hall, New Palace Yard, part of Parliament-ftreet, Bridge-ftreet and King-ftreet, the Broad San6iuary to the Wefl door of Weftminfler Abbey, Order of the ProceJJIon, &igh Conftable of Weftminfler. Meflenger to the College of Arms, in a mourn- ing cloak, with a badge of the College on his fhoulder, his ft aft tipped with filver, and fur- led with farfnet. Six men conductors, in cloaks, with black ftaves headed with Earls coronets. Seventy poor men, in cloaks, with the badges of the creft of Pitt on their (boulders and black ftaves in their hands. The Standard. Twelve fervants to the deceafed, in clofe mourning, Officers of the wardrobe. Phyficians and Divines, in clofe mourning. Three chaplains to the deceafed. Officers who attended the body while it lay in ftate, in clofe mourning. Gentlemen and Efquires, in clofe mourning. Blue mantle purfuivant of arms. A banner of the barony of Chatham, borne by- Colonel Barre, attended by the Dukes of Northumberland, Manchefter, and Richmond, and the Marquis of Rockingham, in clofe mourning, X 4 The 310 .APPENDIX, The Great Banner The helmet and creft borne by Somerfet herald. The fword and targe by Windfor herald, The furcoat by Richmond herald. The coronet on a black velvet cufhion by Nor- roy King of Arms, between two gentlemen ufhers, with half flaves. Supporters of The BODY, Supporters of 2 the pall, covered with a the pall. £ ' % black velvet .s 1 1 Edm. Burke, pall, adorned John Dunning..^ J Z-t Efq. with eight el- Efq. J.sr So- cutcheons of -Is »& the Earl's arms, °r f? under a canopy g"2 Jvy of black velvet, | j | fup ported by t | Sir Geo. 5a- eight gentle- Rt. Hon. Tho.£ vile, Bart. men. Townfhend. The piclure of Britannia weeping over the arms of Chatham, painted on farfnet. A Gentleman Clarenceux A Gentleman Ufher, with a King of Arms, U flier, with a half Raff. Deputy to halfftaff. Garter King of Arms. Supporter to the Chief Supporter to the Chief Mourner, Mourner, Chief Mourner, W.Nedham,Efq. Hon.W.Pitt. Tho.Pitt,Efq. Eight affiftant mourners. Earl of Cholmondeley. Earl of Abington. Earl Harcourt. Earl of Effingham Lord Fprtefcue. Lord Vif. Townfhend. Lord APPENDIX. gtt Lord Camden. Lord Wycomb. Banner of the creft of Pitt. V Relations of the deceafed. Cha. Vifc. Mahon, elded Ion of Philip Earl Stanhope, and fon-in-law to the deceafed. Thomas Grenville, Efq. Richard Berenger, Efq. Col. Fuch. Grenville. George Grenville. Efq. Sir Watkin Williams James Grenville Efq. Wynne, Bart. Philip Earl Stanhope. William Henry, Lord George Lordde Ferrars. Weftcote. Sir Ta. Cockburne. Bart. xJ Banner of the arms of Pitt. The procefhon clofed by fervants of the family, in clofe mourning The fix condu&ors, and feventy poor rne*7, "were divided and ranged on each fide without the church-door, and the reft of the proceffio« within the church. At the entrance of Weftminfter Abbey (with- in the door) the Dean and Prebendaries, with the Choir, fell into the procelhon immediately after the Great Banner, and before the He- ralds, who bore the trophies. The Chief Mourner and his two Supporters were feated on chairs at the head of the body; flools were placed on the fides of the grave for the eight affiftant mourners, and one at each end for the four fuppcrters of the pall. During the fervice in the church, the coro- net and cufhion were placed on the body, and the canopy and bannerolis held over it : the trophies were laid on a table placed behind the Chief Mourner's chair, covered with a black #ik carpet fringed. The £)12 APPENDIX, The fervice over, Clarenceux, Deputy to Garter, proclaimed the Ifyie ; and the Earl's three officers breaking their {laves, gave the pieces to Garter, who threw them into the grave. Theftandard, banners, bannerolls. and tro- phies, having been depofned in the church, the proceffion returned to the Painted Chamber in the fame order. The fervice was read by the Bifhop of Ro* chefler. The Duke and Duchefs of Gloucefler at- tended the funeral fervice. Upon the coffin was a filver plate, on which was the following infcription 5 The viojl noble and puiffant William Pitt Earl of Chatham, Vijcoilnt Pitt, of Burton- Pynfent, mthe county of Somerfet. Born the i§th of No- vember 1708, Died at Hayes , in Kent,, the nth of May 1778. His Lordfhip lies interred about twenty yards from the North entrance of Weftminiler Ab- bey. Several Xrifh Earls and Vifcounts attended ; as did Sir William Draper, General Burgoyne^ and feveral Englifh Lords. Ths APPENDIX, SlJ The following is a Description of the Monument in Westminster-Ab- bey. THERE are fix figures in this monument, and yet the idea on which it is defigned is the fimpleft poflible. Lord Chatham, with Prudence and Fortitude on a farcophagus, occupy the upper part; the lower group conlifts of Britan- nia feated on a rock, with the Ocean and the Earth at her feet, by which is exhibited the ef- fect of his wifdom and fortitude, in the greatnefs and glory of the nation. The flatue of the Earl is in his Parliamentary robes; he is in the action of fpeaking, the right hand thrown for- ward and elevated, and the whole attitu de firongly expreffing that fpecies of oratory for which his Lordfhip was fo juflly celebrated. — Prudence has her ufual fymbols, a ferpent twift- ed round a mirror! Fortitude is characterifed by the (haft of a column, and is cloathed in a lion's (kin. The energy of this figure ftrongly con- trails the repofe and contemplative character of the figure of Prudence. Britannia, as miflrefs of the fea, holds in her right hand the trident of Neptune; Ocean is entirely naked, except that his fymbol, the dolphin, is fo managed that de- cency is perfectly fecured with the lead pollible detriment to the flatue; his action is agitated, and his countenance fevere, which is oppofed by the utmofl eafe in the figure of the Earth, who is leaning on a terreftnal globe, her head crowned with (gig APPENDIX. with fruit, which alfo lies in fome profufion ort the plinth of the ftatue — The infcription is is follows: Erected by the King and Parliament* As a Teflimony to The Virtues and Ability of William Pitt, Earl of Chatham, During whofe Adminiftration Divine Providence Exalted Great Britain To an Height of Profperity and Glory Unknown to any former Age. An Account of the Proceedings of the City of London, on the Death of the Earl of Chatham* ON the twentieth day of May, 1778, a Court ©f Common Council was held at Guildhall, when the hrft buiinefs that came on Was a mo- tion, " That it be referred to a Committee to pre- pare a petition to the Houfe of Commons, e x- prelling the gratitude which the Court feel for the feveral tributes paid by them to the memory of the late Earl of Chatham, and reprefenting in very refpefciful terms to the faid Houfe. that this Court intreat their favourable interpretation of their wifh, humbly to addrefs his Majefty, that the faid Earl may be depofited in the Ca- thedral Church of St. Paul;" upon which a Committee APPENDIX* 31 ; Committee was appointed, who withdrew im- mediately, and returning into Court, prefented a petition for the above, which being twice read, was agreed to and ordered to be figned by the Town Clerk, and prefented forthwith to the Hon. the Houfe of Commons. " Refolved^ That the deli re of the Court of Common Council is to attend the funeral of the Earl of Chatham in their gowns. " Refolved, That a Committee be appointed to prepare a letter to the Lord Chamberlain of his Majefty's Houihold, requeftmg that fuch their defire may be humbly hgnihed to his Ma, jetty, and that his faithful [citizens pray his Ma- jefty to be gracioufly pleafed to order the necef- fary notice to be given, in cafe his Majeity mould be pleafed to acquiefce in their attendance by the proper officer." The Committee being appointed, accordingly withdrew, and return- ing, prefented a letter, which being read, was agreed to, and ordered to be forwarded to the Lord Chamberlain by Mr. Remembrancer." To $l5 APPENDIX. To the Honourable the Commons of Great Britain, in Parliament assem- bled. The humble Petition of the Lors Mayor, Aldermen, and Commons, of the City of London, in Common Council assembled, SHEWETH, THAT your petitioners humbly beg leave to return their grateful thanks to this honourable Houfe, for the noble and generous teftimonv which it has borne to the fervices and merits of the late William Pitt, Earl of Chatham. And your petitioners, with all humility, de- fire, that their zeal may not feem unplealing to this Honourable Houfe, or be interpreted as a wifh in your petitioners to vary from the gene- ral fenfe of their country, as exprefTed in the late votes of this honourable Houfe, by their re- quelling, That the remains of the late Earl of Chatham be depofited in the cathedral church of St. Paul, in the city of London. Your petitioners farther reprefent to this ho- nourable Houfe, that they entirely feel the de- licacy of their fituation, in confequence of the fevcral meafures taken by this honourable Houfe ; but hope that a favourable interpreta- tion will be put upon any particular marks of gratitude and veneration which the firft com- mercial APPENDIX, 317 mercial city of the empire is earneft to exprefs towards the ftatefman, whofe vigour and coun- fels had fo much contributed to the prote£iion and extenfion of its commerce. By order of the Court, RIX. This petition was ordered to lie upon the table. At another Court of Common Council held at Guildhall, on the twenty-fifth of May, the fol- lowing addrefs and petition to the King was agreed to. And the Sheriff (at that time Mr. Alderman Clarke) being deli red to wait upon his Majefty to know when he would receive the faid petition, the King afked what was the fab- j eel of the petition? The Sheriff anfwered, that he had no concern with the contents of it; his melfage was only to afk, when his Majerty would be pleafed to receive it; upon which the King anfwered, Well, then, . let it be Friday Je'nnig/it (which was the fifth of June). Oa that day the following addrefs and petition was presented. To 318 APPENDIX. To THE KlN'c's MOST EXCELLENT MA- JESTY. The humble Address and Petition of the Lord Mayor, Aldermen and Commons of the City of London, in Common Council assembled. Moft gracious Sovereign, WE, the Lord Mayor, Aldermen, and Com- mons, of the City of London, in Common Council afiembled, beg leave to return your Majefty our moft humble and dutiful thanks, for the repeated and fignal marks of your royal at- tention to the public fenfe of gratitude due to the memory of the late William Pitt, Earl of Chatham, as truly exprelTed by the refolution of the Commons of Great-Britain, in Parliament affembled. And we humbly hope for your Majefty s moft gracious indulgence, when the tefiimonies, thus paid to the public virtues of this illuflrious Statefman, encourage your mofl faithful corpo- ration to intreat, that the metropolis of your empire may be admitted to a fhare in the ex- pressions or public veneration to a minifter, fb exemplary for his integrit), ability and virtue. For this purpofe we humbly befeech your Ma- jelly, in your royal condefcenfion, would give permiiTion, that the remains of the faid Earl of. Chatham be depofited in the cathedral church of St. Paul in the city of London. We APPENDIX. 319 We hope that we are not guilty of unwar" rantable prefumption in conceiving, that our wifhes on this fubje6t, are not inconfiflent with thofe of the hon. Houfe of Commons : and we flatter ourfelves, that if your Majefty (hould gra- cioufly acquiefce in this our humble prayer, it cannot fail to be agreeable to the family of the deceafed, whofe attention to us on all proper occafions it is our pride to remember, who con- defcended to become our fellow citizen, and to whom, could he have foreieen it, we are con- vinced this attempt to cherifh his memory would not have been unacceptable. And we beg farther humbly to reprefent to your Majefty, that we feel ourfelves fincerely happy in thinking, that in this our humble pe- tition we fhew our duty and attachment to our molt gracious fovereign, and the illuftridust Houfe of Brunfwick, by our refpecl to one of their mod zealous and faithful fervants; at the fame time that we exprefs our gratitude, as a commercial body, to a man, who fo fignally fupported its interefts : and humbly pray, that the nobleft edifice in your Majefty s dominions, may become the depofity of the remains of one among the nobleft of your fubjects. His Majefty s Anfwer. In confequence oftheaddrefs of the Houfe of Commons, That a monument fhould be erected to the memory of the late Earl of Chatham in Vol. III. Y the 320 APPENDIX. the collegiate church of St. Peter, Weftminfter, it has been ordered that his remains be there in- terred, and neceffary preparations have been made for that purpofe. On thefixth of June, another Court of Common Council zo as held at Guildhall, when the Lord Mayor had acquainted the Court with the Kings anfwer to their addrefs and petition, a debate enfued, in confequence of Lord Hertford's pe- tition to the Remembrancer, in anftoer to a mef f age from the Court, the copies of which are as follows: " My Lord, " His Majefty's faithful Corporation of Lon- don, wifhing to {hew every proper refpecl in their power to the memory of his late Majefty's zealous and moft difmterefted fervant and fub- jecL William Pitt, Earl of Chatham, and wifh- ing to exprefs their own particular gratitude to the memory of that illuflrious flatefman, who fo glorioufly protected the commerce of his coun- try, defire your Lordfhip humbly to requeft his Majefly, that his faithful corporation may re- ceive timely notice from the proper officers of fuch his Majefty's gracious acquiefcence, toge- ther with the neceffary inftruclions for regulat- ing their attendance. I am, my Lord, Sec. PETER ROBERTS." ■ Lord APPENDIX. 321 Lord Hertford's Letter. w Sir, *' HAVING through vour hands, received the requeft of the Corporation of London, pray- ing his Majefty to permit them to attend the fu- neral of the late Earl of Chatham, I am to ac- quaint you, that I have laid the fame before his Majefty, who is pleafedto comply with the faid requeft, and has directed me to give public and timely notice of the faid funeral, that all fuch gentlemen of the Corporation who propofe it may have an opportunity of attending as they defired. I am. Sir, Sec. HERTFORD." Grofoenor-Jlreet, May 25. ESDAILE, Mayor, A Common Council 'holden in the Chamber of the Guildhall of the City of London, on Saturday the 6th day of June, 1778. THIS Court not having yet received any an- fwer to their defire of having timely notice to attend the funeral of the late Earl of Chatham, and information having been given by a mem- ber of this Court, that that folemnity is ordered Y 2 for 322 APPENDIX. for Tuefday next, it is therefore now refolved, that the former resolution for attending the fu-. neral of the faid Earl be refcinded. His Majefty having refuled to comply with the requeft of this Court, on their humble de- fire to have the remains of the late Earl of Chatham buried in the cathedral church of St. Paul, Refolved unanimouily, neverthelefs, that a committee be now appointed to confider what further mark of refpecl is moft fit to perpetu- ate the memory of that excellent and dilintereft- e 1 ftatefman, in the time of whole adminiftra- tion the citizens of London never returned from the throne diffatisfied. In confequence of the Remembrancer having been called upon by this Court, to ft ate what palled in the King's clofet, when the Sheriff laft attended St. James's, and it appearing that an unufual queflion had been afked, to which the Sheriff declined giving an anfwer — Refolved unanimoufly, that the thanks of this Court be given to Mr. Sheriff Clark, for his very prudent conduct upon that occafion. RIX. The Committee refolved, That a magnificent monument to the memory of the deceafed Earl of Chatham, fhould be erecled in Guildhall. And the Court agreed to the report of the Committee. Ths APPENDIX* 323 The following is a Description of the Cenotaph, erected in Guild- hall, to the Memory of the Earl of Chatham. ELEVATED on a bafe, fixed to a rock, the Earl of Chatham, in the habit of a Roman fenator, appears gracefully looking on a figure reprefenting the City of London ; his left hand fuitains the helm of government, whilfl his right embraces Commerce, who, charged with her proper attributes, is mod delightfully fmiling on her kind protector, through whofe zeal, af- fifted by the four quarters of the world, (he is pouring plenty into the lap of Britannia. The City, in her mural crown, with a look of gratitude, is addrefiing her noble friend, pointing the while to Commerce ; at her feet are placed the emblems of induftry, and on her right hand thofe of Juflice and Power. Upon the plinth is engraved the following infcription: " In grateful acknowledgement to the Su- preme Difpofer of events, who, intending to advance this nation for fuch time as to his wif- dom feemed good, to an high pitch of profpe- rity and glory, by unanimity at home — by con- fidence and reputation abroad — by alliance, wifely chofen and faithfully obferved — by colo- nies united and protected — by decilive victories by fea and land — by conqueft made by arms and generofity in every part of the globe — and by commerce, for the firft time, united with, and Y 3 jnadc 324 APPENDIX. made to flourifh by war — was pleafed to raife up as the principal inflrument in this memorable work, WILLIAM PITT. " The Mayor, Aldermen, and Common Council, mindful of the benefits which the City of London received in her ample (hare in the general profperity, have ere6red to the memory of this eminent iiatefman and powerful orator, this monument in her Guildhall ; that her citi- zens may never meet for the tranfa6tion of their affairs, without being reminded, that the means by which providence raifes a nation to great- nefs, are the virtues infufed into great men; and that to withhold from thofe virtues, either of the living or the dead, the tribute of efleem and veneration, is to deny to themfelves the means of happinefs and honour. (t This diftinguilhed perfon for the fervice rendered to King George II. and to King George III. was created LORD CHATHA M. " The Britifh nation honoured his memory with a public funeral and a public monument, among!!: her illuftrious men in Weftminfler Abbey. , Under this is an oval medallion, charged with the cap of liberty, infcribed upon the front Libertas, richly adorned with laurels, fefloons, &c. — The back of the whole is a flab of mod beautiful variegated marble. Appendix. 325 A beautiful marble Urn is put tip at Burton Pynfent, by the Countefs of Chatham; upon which is the following : Sacred to pure affe6lion, This fimple Urn Stands a witneis of unceafing srief for Him, Who, Excelling in whatever is molt admirable, And adding to theexercife of the fublimeft virtues, The fweet charm of refined fentiment, And polifhed wit ; By gay focial converfe, Render'd, beyond comparifon, happy The courfe of domeftic life; And befrowed a felicity inexpreffible On Her, Whofe faithful Love was bleffed in a pure return, That rais'd her above every other joy, But the parental one And that ftill fhared with him. His generous country, with public monuments^ Has eternized his fame ; This humble tribute, Is but to foothe the farrowing breaft Of private woe. The foregoing infcription is on the pedeftal of the Urn. On the front of the Urn is a me- dallion, with the head of the late Earl of Cha- tham; and on the oppofite fide of the Urn is another medallion, in which the following words are contained : Y4 To 526 APPENDIX. To The Dear Memory Of William Pitt, Earl of Chatham^ This marble Is infcribed, By Heller, His beloved wife. This Urn, and the two monuments, were executed bv Mr. Bacon, A GENE- ^3 0 o o o w 3 no *\j W £ O- 9 J H M2 § ^2 2. p r-W» El o ►-. M^ zr* J.C5 2 # 3 2 3 H CCft-y O O i-h n, — IX1— ' r* k. 5 n * P> C- 1 > 2 a. !§:» gj. 3 c 5 <« " 5"S ^2- o O >-• (T) S • s »»• P 3 — 3 -. ) O ^3 £ W3 ^~ n P^ 9. 3 ^P-3 0^ n iz <• C r+ • li; o^ p,^?^ y 2r£ ^S" 3 Cm n 3 s * "3 q x c-o Op 5- ^ Sf P 3 — OS p (j C 3- a ?m n 3 »tf M f\ H o 3 o ~ 1- 3 1 ^ 3 H "H — ffi o £ 2 J ►+) a> 3 T hS-5 L P a j-v -; O n< 5 ^°1 » APPENDIX. 329 They are as follows : John Pitt (the third in defcent) who married Joan Swaine, had iflue three fons and two daughters. 2. Agnes, married to Anthony Dennet. £. Elizabeth married to Jonadab Shirley. g. Sir William, married to Edith Cadbury (as in the table.) 4. John, fettled in Ireland. g. Thomas, feated at Blandford in Dorfetfliire. He married Prifcilla, the daughter of Serle, Efq. of Hayle, in Devon ; by whom he had two daughters and five fons. 1. Temperance, married to Cockran, Efq. 2. Margaret, to Auguftine Drake, Efq, 3. Robert, of Blandford, who married Marga- ret, daughter of John Guy, Efq. 4. John, of whom hereof ter. 5. William, who died without ifTue, in 1687- 6. Edward. 7. Chriftopher. Which John was Reclor of Blandford 1041. He married Sarah, daughter of John Jay, Efq. by whom he had nine children. 1. John, born 1640,. 2. Sarah, married in 1S7O, to the Rev. Henry Willis, afterwards Reclor of Blandford. 3. Thomas, born in 1653, who was Governor of Fort St. George, in the Eaft Indies. 4. George. 5. Dorothy. 6. Richard 330 APPENDIX. 6. Richard.! -p.. , 7. Edv?rd.;Diedy°uns- Two who died infants. We now return to Sir William Pitt. He was comptroller of the Houfhold in the reigns of Elizabeth, James I. and Charles I. He was knighted at Newmarket in 1618,' and purchafed the manor of Stratfield-Say, in Hants, which continues to be the refidence of his family. He married Edith, daughter to and co-heirefs of Nicholas Cadbury, of Wareham, Efq. by whom he had four daughters and three fons. 1. Frances, married to Clement Walker, Efq. 2. Elizabeth, hrft married to Richard Wheeler, Efq. and afterwards to Sir Francis Brand- ling. 3. Mary, firfh married to Sir Alexander Chocke, and afterwards to John Rudhall, Efq. 4. Catherine, married to Venables, Efq. J he three Sons were, 1. Edward, his heir. 2. John. 3. William, who married Abigail, dauterof Sir William Wake, of Cleveland, in Somerfet- fhire, Bart, by whom he had three fons, Edward, Baldwin, William, who all died without iffue ; and a daughter Abigail, who married Ralph Lord Stawell. Edward, the heir, married Rachael, daughter of Sir George Morton, cf Melborn, Dorfet, Bart, by whom he had ten fons and foi*r daughters. 1. William. APPENDIX. 331 1. William. I Both died without iffue# 2. E award. J 3. George, of whom hereafter. 4. John. He maried Catherine, daughter of Nicholas Venables, of Andover, Efq. by whom he had one fon, George Morton Pitt, of Twickenham, Efq. which George was Member for Pomfret, and died in January 1756, leaving iffue only one daughter, who married Lord Brownlow Bertie, and died in 1763. 5. Thomas, who married Frances, daughter of Giles Coffey, ofComptonin Gioucefterfhire. 6. Nicholas. 7. Samuel. 8. Francis, who married Elizabeth, daughter of Jeffrey Jefferyes, of Abercunick, in the county of Brecon. 9. Edward, And 10. Chriftopher. His Daughters were, 1. Edith, married to Charles Sydenham, fon of Sir Edward Sydenham, Knight Marfhal. 2. Rachael, married to John Kingfmill, of San del ford, Berks, Efq. 3. Catherine, married to Francis Whitaker, Efq. of St. Martin's, Middlefex, 4. Elizabeth, who died an infant. George, the eldeft furviving fon and heir, married Jane, eldeft daughter of John Sa- vage, Earl Rivers (widow of George Lord Sudley) and coheirefs of her ne- phew, Lord Morley and Monteagle. By her he had four fons arid four daughters. 1. George r>3^ APPENDIX. i. George, his heir. 2. William. 3. Edward. Both died without iffue. 4. John, who married, firft, Mary, daugh- ter of Scroope, Efq. but had no iffue ; and fecondly, Ifabella, daughter of Condon, Efq. by whom' he had two daughters, Lora and Ifabella. The Daughters were, 1. Mary, married to Sir W. Brown, of Kid- dington, Oxon. Bart. 2. Elizabeth, married to Thomas Vifcount Fitzwilliam. 3. Jane, married to Chriflopher Hildyard Efq. 4. Anne, married to Frederick Tylney, Efq. George, eldefl fon and heir, married, firft, Lucy, daughter of Thomas Pile, of Bee- verflock, Wilts, Efq, widow of Lawrence Lowe, of Shaftefbury, Efq. by whom he had two fons and one daughter. 1. George, his heir. 2. Thomas, who died without iffue. 3. Lucy, who died unmarried. He married, fecondly, Lora, daughter and heirefs of Audley Grey, of Kingfton, Dorfet, Efq. by whom he had four fons and five daughters. %. Grey, who died an infant. 2. William, who died without iffue. 3. John, of Encombe, in Dorfetfhire, who married Marcia, daughter of Marcus Mor- gan, of Ireland, Efq. by whom he had a daughter, named Marcia, and four fons, 1,. William Morton, married in 1782 to APPENDIX. 333 to Margaret, daughter of John Gambier, one of the Reprefentatives of the county ofDorfet; 2. George, who died in 1768; 3. Charles; and 4. John, who died in- . fants. 4. John, who died without iffue. His Daughters zvere, 1. Elizabeth, married to William Burton, Efq. 2. Lora, married to Francis Gwynn, of Ford Abbey, in Dorfetfhire. 3. Anne."^ 4. Mary. ^Both died unmarried. 5. Mary. J George, the heir, married Louifa, daughter of Bernier, Efq. by whom he had four fons, and two daughters. 1. Lucy, married to James Kerr, of Scotland, Efq. 2. Mary who died in Augufl 1744. 3. George, created Lord Rivers in 1776. 4. James. 5. Thomas. Both died without iffue. 6. William Auguftus, married Mary, daughter of Scroope, Lord Howe. George, Lord Rivers, married, in January 174/5, Penelope, daughter of Sir Henry Atkins, of Clapham, Surry, Bart, by whom he has iffue one fon, George, lately Mem- ber for the county of Dorfet ; and three daughters. 1. Penelope, married to the Earl of Ligonier, and afterwards divorced. 2. Louifa, married to Peter Beckford, Efq. 3. Mar- 334 APPENDIX. 3. Marcia-Lucy. Here we mud return to the iflue of Thomas Pitt, who was Governor of Fort St. George. He was diftinguifhed from the other Governors of that fortrefs, as well as from the other per- fons of his family, by the appellation of Dia- mond Pitt, from the circumllance of his having purchafed, while reiident at Fort . St. George, a very large and very fine diamond, which, wThen he returned to England in the reign of Oueen Anne, he offered to her Majefly, but the miniflry declined the purchafe of it ; upon which it was fold to the Duke of Orleans, at that time Regent of France, and was placed and dill continues in the crown of that king- dom. [For a further account of this diamond, fee a note in chapter XXVIII. and Governor Pitt's account of his pur chafing it, at the end of this Pedigree.' When he returned from the Eaft Indies he was offered a peerage, but he begged the Queen's permiffion to decline it. He married Jane Innes, daughter of Adam Innes, of Reid-hall, in the county of Murray, Bart, by whom he had two daughters and three fons. 1. Lucy, married to Jamefs, the firft Earl of Stanhope. 2. Effex, married to Charles Cholmondeley, of Vale Royal in Chefhire. 7 he Sons were: 1. Robert, of Boconnic, in Cornwall; of hereafter. 2. Tho- appendix. 335 2> Thomas, who married Lady Frances Ridge- way, daughter and coheirefs of Robert, Earl of Londonderry ; who dying without male iflue, he was created firft Baron and afterwards Earl of Londonderry. He had two fons, Thomas and Ridge way, who were fucceflively Earls of Londonderry, and both died unmarried; and one daugh- ter, Lady Lucy, who. married Pierce Mey- rick, of Bodorgan, in Anglefea, Efq. ,3. John ; he married Mary, lifter of Lord Fau- conberg, but had no iffue. Robert of Boconnic married Harriet Villiers, lifter to John Earl of Grandifon; by whom he had five daughters and two fons. 1. Harriet, married to Sir William Corbet, of Stoke, Salop, Bart. 2. Catherine, married to Robert Nedham, of Ireland, Efq. 3. Anne, maid of honour to Queen Caroline, and privy purfe to the late Princefs of Wales. 4. Elizabeth, married to John Hannam, Efq. 5. Mary. The Sons were: 1. Thomas of Boconnic,, who married Chriflian Lytteiton, lifter to the late George Lord Lyttelton, by whom he had iflue two daughters and one fon, viz. Amelia^ mar- ried to William Spry, LL. D. and Chrifl- ian, married to Thomas Saunders, Efq. Governor of Fort St. George. His fori was Thomas, created Lord Camelford in Vol- III. Z 1783. 33$ APPENDIX. 3783. He married Anne, daughter and coheir of Pinkney Wilkinfoir of Burn- ham, in Norfolk, Efq. by whom he has one fon, Thomas, born in 1775, and Anne, born 1772. who in Auguft 1792, married Lord Grenville, fecond fon of George Grenville, Efq. who was firft Lord of the Treafury and Chancellor of the Exchequer in the years 1764 and 1765. 2. William, (Some particulars of whole life have been the fubjecf of this work.) He married Heller Grenville on the 6th of November, 1754, daughter of Richard Grenville, of Wotton, in Bucks, Efq. by Hefter, filler to Lord Cobham, of Stowe, in that county. He wTas created Earl of Chatham, as hath been already mentioned in chapter XXXI. and his Lady was crea- ted a pcerefs in her own right upon his resignation in 1761. See chapter XX. He had ifliie three foiis and two daugh- ters, i . John, now Earl of Chatham, born October 9, 1756; married on the 9th of July, 1783, to Mary-Elizabeth, daughter of Lord Vifcount Sydney; but has no ifliie. His Lordfhip was appointed hril Lord of the Admiralty in September, 1788, and a Knight of the Garter in 1791. 3. Willian, born May 28, 1759, appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer July 10, 1782, and rirlr. Lord of the Treafury, &c. &c. Sec. on the 27th of December, 1783. 3. James- appendix. 337 3. James-Charles. Dead. The Daughters zoere: 1. Lady Hefter, married to E. Stanhope. Her Lady (hip died in July, 1780. 2. Lady Harriet, married the Hon. E. J. Eliot, heir to Lord Eliot. Her Ladyfhip died in Auguft, 1786. AA. There having been feveral falfe accounts prin- ted of the fum of money which Governor Pitt, of Fort St. George, gave for his cele- brated diamond, he thought proper, in the year 1745, to publifh the following true ac- count of that whole tranfaction. " SINCE my coming into this melancholy place of Bergen, I have beeen often thinking of the rnoft unparalleled villainy of William Fra- fer, Thomas Frederick, and Smapa, a black merchant, who brought a paper before Gover- nor Addifon in council, infinuating, that I had unfairly got jpofleffion of a large diamond, which tended io much to the prejudice of my re- putation and the ruin of my eftate, that I thought neceflary to keep by me the true rela- tion how I purchafed it in all refpecls, that fo, in cafe of fudden mortality, my children and Z 2 friends 33& APPENDIX. friends may be apprized of the whole matter and fo be enabled thereby to put to filence and confound thofe, and all other villains in their bafe attempts againft either. I having not my books by me at prefent, I cannot be pohtive as to the time, but for the manner of purchaiing it I do here declare and aflert, under my hand, in the prefence of God Almighty, as I hope for falvatioh through the merits and intercelfion of our Saviour Jefus Chrift, that this is the truth, and if it be not, let God deny it to me and my children for ever, which I would be fo far from faying, much lefs leave it under my hand, that I would not be guilty of the leaft untruth in the relation of it for the riches and honour of the whole world. " About two or three years after my arrival at Madras, which was in July 1698, I heard there were large diamonds in the country to be fold, which I encouraged to be brought down, promifing to be their chapman, if they would be reafonable therein; upon which Jamchund, one of the moil eminent diamond merchants in thofe parts, came down about December 1701, and brought with him a large rough flone, about 305 mangelms, and fome fmall ones, which myfelf and others bought; but he alking a very extravagant price for the great one, I did not think of meddling whith it, when he left it with me for fome days, and then came and took it away again, and did fo feveral times, not infilling upon lefs than 200,000 pa- dagoes ; and, as I befl remember, I did not bid him APPENDIX. 339 him above 30.000, and had little thoughts of buying it for that; I confidered there were many and great rifques to be run, not only in cutting it, but alfo whether it would prove foul or clean, or the water good; befides, I thought it too great an amount to be adventured home on one bottom: but Jamchund refolved to re- turn fpeedily to his own country, fo that I bell remember it was in February following he came again to me (with Vincaty Chittee, who was al- wavs with him when I difcourfed him about itj and prefled me to know whether I refolved to buy it, when he came down to 100,000 pada- goes, and fomething under, before we parted, when we agreed upon a day to meet, and make a final end thereof one way or other, which I believe was the latter end of the aforefaid month, or the beginninging of March; when we ac- cordingly met in the Confultation-room, where, after a great deal of talk, I brought him down to 55,000 padagoes, and advanced to 45,000, refolving to give no more, and he likewife re- folving not to abate, fo delivered him up the flone, and we took a friendly leave of one ano- ther; Mr. Benyon was then writing in my clo- fet, with whom I difcourfed what had pafled, and told him, now I was clear of it ; when about an hour after my fervant brought me word that Jamchund and Vincaty Chittee were at the door, who being called in, they ufed a great many expreffions in praife of the flone, and told me he had rather I mould buy it than any body, and to give an inilance thereof of- Z 3 fercd 34° APPENDIX. fered it for 50.000 ; fo believing it mufi: be a pennyworth, if it proved good, I offered to part the 5000 padagoes that was then between us, which he would not hearken to, and was going out of the room again, when he turned back and told me that I mould have it for 49,000; but I ftill adhered to what I had be- fore offered him, when prefeatly he came to 48,000. and made a folemn vow he would not part with it a padagoe under, when I went again into the clofet to Mr. Benyon, and told him what had paffed, faying, that if it was worth 47,500, it was worth 48,000; [20400I. flerling, at 8s. 6d. per padagoe. — The padagoe is now ufually eflimated at only 8s. flerling.] fo I clofed with him for that fum, when he de- livered me the flone, for which I paid him very honourably, as by my books appear. And I here farther call God to witnefs, that I never ufed the leaf! threatning word at any of our meetings to induce him to fell it me; and God him fell knows it was never fo much as in my thoughts fo to do: fince which I have had fre- quent and confiderable dealings with this man, and truitcd him with feveral fums of money, and balanced feveral accounts with him, and left upwards of 2000 padagoes in his hands at my coming away: fo had I ufed the lead indi- rect means to have got it from him, would not he have made himfelf fatisfaciion when he has had my money fo often in his hands ? Or would I have truiied him afterwards, as I did, prefer- able to all other diamond merchants ? As this is APPENDIX. 341 is the truth, fo I hope for God's bleffing upon tihs and all my other affairs in this world, and eternal happinefs hereafter. Written and fign- ed by me, in Bergen, July 29, 1720. THO. PITT. ANECDOTES Of the preceding Thomas Pitt. He was born at Blandford, in the county of Dorfet. His family was a very ancient and refpeclable one, which had been long feated in that county. In the latter part of the lafl cen- tury, he went to the Eaft Indies, and was fome time Governor of Fort St. George, then the chief fettlement there. In that fituation he ac- quired the great fortune, great at lealt for the time, which he poffeffed, and which it appears he employed, on his return to England, in a .manner greatly to his honour. About the year 1709 or 1710, he quitted his fituation at Fort St. George, and was fucceeded bv a brother of the celebrated Mr. Addifon. In the year 1711 we find him returned to England, and fettled at his native place ; where, at the expencc of 2000I. he almofl rebuilt the Church, except the tower, and neatly paved and pewed the whole, adding alfo a north aifle for his burial-place., At the entrance of this aifle is placed the fol- lowing infcription; Z 4 To 342 APPENDIX. To the Glory of God. Tho. Pitt. Efq. of this place, In the year of our Lord 1711, Very much repaired and beautified this Church; Dedicating his fubftance to his Maker In that place where he himfelf was firft. Dedicated to his fervice. In this pious a6tion He is alone his own example and copy; This being but one fpecimen of many of the like nature. Thus, by building God's houfes He has wifely laid a rtiofl fure foundation for his own; And by honouring the name of the Almighty, has Tranfmitted himfelf to pofterity, By Lch a61ions as defer ve, not only this periihing Regifler, but alfb to be had in everlafiing Remembrance. In 171^ he was made Governor of Jamaica, but refigned- that poft in 1717. He was Mem- ber of Parliament in the third, fourth, fifth, and fixth, Parliaments of Great Britain, for old Sarum and Thirfk. Befides the Church of BlandFord St. Mary, he repaired and beau- tified, at his own expence, that of Stratford, in Wiltfhire, and rebuilt Abborfton. in Hamp- shire. H:: died April 28, 1726, and was buried at Bland ford. The moil extraordinary incident in this Gen- tleman's life was, his obtaining and difpofmg of the celebrated diamond which is ftill called by APPENDIX. 343 by his name. It was purchafed by him, during the time he was Governor of Fort St. George, for 48,000 pagodas, i. e. 20,4001 flerling, in- Head of 200,000, which the feller firft afked for it. It was configned to Sir Stephen Evance, Knt. in London, in the fhip Bedford, Captain John Hudfon, Commander, by a bill of lading, dated March 8, 1701-2, and charged to the Captain at 6500 pagodas only. It was reckon- ed the largefl jewel in Europe, and weighed one hundred and twenty-feven carats. When polifhed, it was as big as a pullet's egg. The cuttings amounted to eight or ten thoufand pounds. It feems, according to Laffels, to have been more valuable than the Great Duke of Tufca- ny's diamond, which was thought to have been the fined: in Europe, almoft an inch thick, weighing one hundred and thirty-eight carats, and worth between jeweller and jeweller 100, 000 crowns, and between Prince and Prince 150,000 crowns. Both thefe were much ex- ceeded by a diamond brought in 1746 from the Brafilsto the King of Portugal, which weighed 1680 carats and a half, and was valued at 224,000,000!. flerling. (S I am well informed," fays Mr. Jefferys, (in. his treatife on diamonds and pearls) it wTas fold for 135.000I. to the Duke of Orleans, on ac- count of the French Kin?, I think about the year 1717; but 5000I. thereof was given and fpent in negociating the fale of it. Now admit- ting it was fold for 135,0001, it is rating the itone 544 APPENDIX. Hone but at 7I. 5s. od. per carat, with an over- plus of 628I. 13s. od. which any one may know that is acquainted with the rule exhibited in the treatife. Again, the workmanfhip of the Hone coft 5000I. fo the diamond itfelf was fold but for 130,000!. which is but 903I. 18s. gd. above 7I. per carat. " And this is a price much below its real worth, even at this time, in which diamonds bear not the value they did then: inafmuch as 8\. per carat is now the price of a {tone of the mean or middle fort, not burthened with a ufe- lefs and hurtful weight; therefore it being va- lued fo much below one of that degree of goodnefs cannot be juft, although it hath fo much exuberant weight, if what is generally faid of it be true, which is, that it ap- proaches near to one of the firft water, and hath only a fmall foul or fpot in it, and that lying in fuch a manner as not to be difcerned when the hone is fet. Wherefore I judge it may be rated at lealt at 81. per carat, which will make its preient weight amount to 149,6091. 10s. and I conceive it will not be over-valuing it to estimate it at 150,0001." It is faid in a late writer, that the Regent he- fitated at an expence which the revenue did not ^feem in a condition to bear. But St. Simon reprefented to him, " That it was below the dignity of the King of France to be deterred by the price from purchafing a piece which, as being lincmlarin its kind, was of ineflimable va- lue, and would be an honour to the Crown to poi~ APPENDIX. 215 pollers." Anqueiit's Memoirs of the Court of France, vol. ii. p. 351. This writer alio fays, that the diamond weighed more than five hun- dred grains, was of the fize of a large plum, perfectly white, without fpot, and of an admi- rable wTater. Two millions were paid for it, and the feller was allowed to keep the filings. As the fum could not be paid in ready money, interefl was given. It appears, that the acquisition of this dia- mond occafioned many reflections injurious to the honour of Governor Pitt; and Mr. Pope has been thought to have had the insinuations then floating in the world in his mind when he wrote the following lines: "^Afleep and naked as an Indian lay, *c An honeft faftor ftole a gem away tc He pledg'd it to the Knight ; the Knight had wit; <{ So kept the di'mond and the rogue was bit." Thefe reports caufed Governor Pitt to write the preceding account of the whole tranfaction, in vindication of himfelf. At the funeral of Mr. Pitt, a Sermon was preached atBlandford St. Mary, May 21, 1726, by Richard Eyre, M. A. Canon Residentiary of Sarum, from which we Shall extracl the follow- ing paffages: " I believe few men pafs through the world without fome Share of thofe fuSferings which we may allow to be called urijuft, if we look no further than the hand of the opprelfor who does the wrong, or the tongue of the Slanderer, which 34^ APPENDIX. which this perfon (z. e. Mr. Pitt), -whofe pros- perity was lb wonderful, could not efcape. That he {hould have enemies is no wonder, when Envy will make them; and when their malice could reach him no other way, it is as little to be wondered at, that they (hould make fuch an attempt upon his credit by an abufive dory, as if it had been by fome dretch of his power that he got that diamond which was of too great value for any fubjecl to purchafe ;-an ornament more fitly becoming an imperial crown; which, if it be confidered, may be one reafon why it was brought to the Governor by the merchant who fold it in the Indies ; and it was brought to him more than once or twice, before he could be perfuaded to part with fo great a fum of money for it as it cod him; of which (if I may be allowed in this place to take f ) much notice of it) I have feen an authentic aid clear account, fuch as I will venture to fay, will entirely fatisfy every good or reafonable imn, that that flory could have no foundation but in the malice of him wTho invented it. " And if, when fuch a viper faflened on an innocent perfon, any of you were prompted too haflily to think the worfe of him, when you fee it fhaken off, it mud change your opinion, and may well raife your thoughts of him who bore fo horrid an abufe with fo much patience, as, for his more effectual vindication, to wait the time of his going to appear before God, to whom he makes his appeal in the mod folemn manner APPENDIX. 347 manner for the truth of that account which he left to be opened at his death. " This abufe, I am inclined to believe, mi^ht occahon his taking more particular notice or a fhort admonition which, with others he had col- lecled for his ufe, was found in his own hand with the paper I mentioned before ; it was in three words only, Learn to puffer. The hrit of thofe monitory maxims (which had, as it de- fer ved, the nrft place in his thoughts) was Trujh in God ; and that which followed next, Pray to him often (and accordingly he was known to retire very conftantly to his clofet. for that purpofe);. OppreJ's not the Poor, was another; and the lafl was. to remember the lali thins: he had to do, Remember to dee. The following is a. Copy of Lori* Chatham's Will. The last Will and Testament of Me, William Earl of Chatham. WHEREAS previous to the marriage of my dear daughter with Lord Mahon, there was a fum of twenty-fix thoufand pounds, or there- abouts, veiled in the public funds, and charge- able upon my eftate at Hayes, in Kent; to which faid fum I and my dear wife, Lady Chatham, had a power of difpofition or appointment, that is 34$ APPENDIX. is to fay, to the befl of my recollection, in moieties of fix thoufand pounds, part thereof was fettled on or difpofed of by me to my faid daughter. Lady Malion, on her marriage afore- laid ; wherefore there remains a fum of feveii thoufand pounds fubjeQ: to my faid difpofition or appointment : Now, therefore, I give and bequeath the fame in manner following, that is to fay 3 I give and bequeath the fum of three thoufand live hundred pounds, part thereof to my dear fon, William Pitt, for his own ufe and benefit; I give and bequeath the film of one thoufand iexen hundred and fifty pounds, other part thereof, to my dear fon, James-Charles Pitt, for his own ufe and benefit; and I give and bequeath the fum of one thoufand kven hundred and fifty pounds, refidue thereof, to my dear daughter, Lady Harriot Pitt, for her own proper ufe and benefit. The faid three feveral funis above-mentioned to be paid to my faid three children, with all convenient fpeed idler my deceafe, by my Executors and Truftees hereinafter named. And as to the other moiety of the above-mentioned fum of twenty-fix thou- fand pounds, which I apprehend to be within the difpofition of my faid dear wife, I do hereby earned ly defire and recommend to my faid dear wife, that fhe will, purfuant .to our prefent wifties and intention, difpofe of the fame in manner following : And fo far as by law I may, I will and direel accordingly, that is to fay, that fhe will be pleafed to give fo much thereof to my faid fon, William, as will make, what I have herein APPENDIX. 349 herein before bequeathed to him a compleat fum often thoufand pounds ; that (lie will be pleafed to give {^o much thereof to my faid Ion. James- Charles, as will make what I have herein before bequeathed to him a compleat fum of five thou- fand pounds ; and that fhe will be pleafed to give fo much thereof to my faid daughter, Lady Harriet, as will make what I have herein before bequeathed to her a compleat fum of five thou- fand pounds ; and as to, for and concerning all the reft and refidue of my perfonal efiate what- soever, and all my real eflates wherefqever the fame may be fituate, lying, and being, I give, devife, and bequeath the fame, fubjeci to my debts and legacies, to my dear wife, Lady Chatham, Richard Earl Temple, and Charles Lord Camden, and the furvivors and furvivor of them, their heirs and affigns, to, for and upon the trufls following, that is to fay, in the firft place bv and out of the faid refidue of my per- gonal efiate, and fo much out of my real eftate, as they fhall think proper to apply for that pur- pofe, to pay off. fatisfy, and difeharge my juft debts, and f ucli legacies as I may hereafter give and bequeath by Codicil to this my Will, or otherwife, together with my funeral expenses and the charges of executing this my Will, and the trulls thereof; and in the next place, to permit and fuffer my faid dear wife to receive and take to her own proper ufe and benefit, for and during the term of her natural life, the rents, iffues, profits, and produce of my faid real and perfonal efhues ; and from and imme- diately 350 APPENDIX. diately after her deceafe, I give and devife all my faid real eftates, wherefoever iituate, lyings or being, to my dear fon, Lord Vifcount Pitt, for and during the term of his natural life : and from and immediately after her deceafe, I give and devife the fame to the faid Richard Earl Temple, and Charles Lord Camden, and the furvivor of them, and the heirs and alfigns of fuch furvivor in truft, to ureferve the contingent remainders hereinafter limited, from being de- feated or deftroyed ; and from and after the death of my faid fon, Lord Vifcount Pitt, I give and devife the fame to the firft and other ion and fens of the body of the faid Lord Vifcount Pitt, and the iifue male of the refpeciive body and bodies, the elder of fuch fon and fons, and their iffue male, to take and be preferred before the younger and their iffue ; and in default of all fuch iffue, I give and devife the fame to my dear Ion, William Pitt, for and during the term of his natural life ; and from and immediately after his deceafe, I give and devife the fame to my faid Tru flees, and the furvivor of them, and the heirs and afligns of fuch furvivor, in truft to preferve the contingent remainders hereinafter limited, from being defeated or deftroyed ; and from and after the death of my faid fon, William, I give and devife the fame to the firft and other fon and fons of the body of my faid fon, William, and the iffue male of their refpeciive body and bodies, the elder of fucii fon and Ions, and their iffue male, to take and be preferred before the younger and their iffue ; and in default of all fuch APPENDIX. 351 fuch iffue, I give and devife. the fame to my dear fon, James-Charles Pitt, for and during the term cf his natural life, and from and immediately after the determination of that eitate, I give and devife the fame to my faid Trufiees, and the fur- vivor of them, and the heirs and afligns of fuch furvivor in trull, to preferve the contingent re- mainders hereinafter limited from beinsj defeated or deftroyed ; and from and after the death of my faid fon, James-Charles, I give and devife the fame to the firft and other fon and fons of the body of my faid fon, James-Charles, and the iffue male of their refpetlive body and bo- dies, the elder of fuch fon and fons, and their iflue male to take and be preferred before the younger and their iffue ; and in default of all fuch iffue, I give and devife the fame to my dear daughters, Lady Mahon, and Lady Har- riot Pitt, their heirs and afhgns, for ever to hold the fame in equal moieties, as tenants in com- mon, and not as joint-tenants. And I do hereby will and direct, that all perfons, who, by virtue of the limitations of this my Will, ihal! come into the poffeffion of my real eflates hereby de- vifed, (hall have power to leafe the lame, or any part thereof, for any term, not exceeding twenty-one years, fo as the ufual covenants be contained in fuch leafe, and the full annual rent be received, and no fine taken on granting the fame. And I do hereby authorize and empower my faid Truftees, and the furvivors and fur- vivor of them, and the heirs and afhgns of fuch furvivor, at any time or times, after my death, Vol. III. A a at 352 APPENDIX. at their will and pleafure, to fell and difpofe of all or any part of my real and perfonal eftates before-mentioned ; and after paying my debts, legacies, and charges before mentioned, to in- vert and lay out the monies produced by fuch fales in the purchafe of other lands and tene- ments ; and till fuch purchafes can be made, I will and direct, that the monies arifmg by fuch fale and fales, (hall go and be confidered as real eftates, and be fubjecl: to the limitations herein before directed, concerning my faid real eftate. And I do appoint my faid dear wife, Lord Temple, and Lord Camden, Joint Executors of this my Lair. Will and Teflament, hereby re- voking all former and other Wills by me made. As witnefs my hand, this twenty-fecond day of April, 1775. CHATHAM. (L.S.) Signed, fealed, publilhed, and declared, as and for the Laft Will and Teflament of William Earl of Chatham, before us, who in his pre- fence, and at his requeft, and in the prefence of each other, fet our names as Witneffes thereto. GILES HOMER, 1 FLACK BRADSHAW, [Efqrs. CHRISTIAN WILLBIER, J Amongft APPENDIX. 353 Arnongfl: the many great qualities of the Earl of Chatham, he fometimes amufed himfelf with poetry, in which there is no doubt he would nave excelled, if more momentous purfuits had not occupied his mind. The following lines were addrefTed to David Garrick, Efq. when he Was on a vifit at Mount Edgecumbe. Verfes addrejfed to David Garrick, Efq. by the Earl of Chatham. LEAVE, Garrick, the rich landfcape, proudly §a7> . . , . Docks, forts, and navies, bnght'mng all the bay : To my plain roof repah, primaeval feat! Yet there no wonders your quick eye can meet, Save, mould you deem it wonderful to find, Ambition cur'd, and an unpaffioned mind; A flatefman without power, and without gall, Hating no courtiers, happier than them all; Bow'd to no yoke, nor crouching for applaufe, Vot'ry alone to freedom, and the laws. Herds, flocks, and fmiling Ceres deck our plain, And, interfpers'd, an heart-enliv 'ning train Of fportive children frolic o'er the green; Mean time pure love looks on, and confecrates the fcene. A a 2 Come, 354 APPENDIX. Come, then, immortal fpirit of the flage, Great nature's proxy, glafs of ev'ry age! Come, tafte the fimple life of Patriarchs old Who, rich in rural peace, ne'er thought of pomp or gold. Mr. Garrick's Anjxcer. WHEN Peleus' fon, untaught to yield, Wrathful forfook the hoftile field, His bread flill warm with heav'nly fire, He tun'd the lay, and fwept the lyre. So Chatham, whofe exalted foul Pervaded and infpir'd the whole, Where far, by martial glory led, Britain her fails and banners fpread, Retires (tho' wifdom's God diffuades.) And feeks repofe in rural (hades. Yet thither comes the God confefs'd; Celeftial form! a well-known gueft. Nor flow he moves with folemn air, Nor on his brow hangs penfive care; Nor in his hand th' hifloric page Gives leffons to experienc'd age, As when in vengeful ire he rofe, And plann'd the fate of Britain's foes, While the wing'd hours obedient Hand, And inftant fpeed the dread command. Chearful he came, all blythe and gay, Fair blooming like the fon of May; Adown APPENDIX. 355 Adown his radiant (houlder hung A harp, by all the Mufes fining: Smiling he to his friend refign'd This foother of the human mind. OF LORD CHATHAM'S ELOCUTION. (Written in 1779.) OF all the characleriftic features, by which his oratory was difHnguifhed, none was more eminent than the bold purity and cladical force of phrafeology. Thofe who have been witnefles to the wonders of his eloquence — who have liflened to the mu- fic of his voice, or trembled at its majefly — who have feen the perfualive gracefulnefs of his ac- tion, or have felt its force; thofe who have caught the flame of eloquence from his eye — who have rejoiced at the glories of his counte- nance— or fhrunk from his frowns, — will remem- ber the refifilefs power with which he imprefled convitiion. In thefe (ketches of his original sre- nius, they will read what they have heretofore heard; and their memory will give due action to the picture, by re-figuring to their minds what they have with admiration feen. — But, to thofe who never heard nor faw this accompiifh- ed orator, the utmoft effort of imagination will be neceffary, to form a jufl idea of that combi- A a 3 nation "35^ .APPENDIX. nation of excellence, which gave perfection to his eloquence : — his elevated afpe6r, command- ing the awe and mute attention of all who be- held him; whilft a certain grace in his manner, confcious of all the dignities of his fituation, of the folemn fcene he acted in, as well as his own exalted characler, feemed to acknowledge and repay the refpecf he received: — his venerable form, bowed with infirmity and age; but ani- mated by a mind which nothing could fubdue: ■ — his fpirit mining through him, arming his eye with lightning, and cloathing his lips with thun- der; or, if milder topics offered, harmonizing his countenance in fmiles, and his voice in foft- nefs ; for the compafs of his powers was infinite. As no idea was too vaft, no imagination too fub- lime, for the grandeur and majefty of his man- ner; fo no fancy was too playful, nor any allu- iion too comic for the eafe and gaiety with which he could accommodate to the Occafion. But the character of his oratory was dignity: this prefided throughout; giving force becaufe fecuring refpecl , even to his {allies of pleaiantry. This elevated the mod familiar language, and gave novelty and grace to the moll familiar al- lufions; fo that in his hand, even the crutch be- came a weapon of oratory*. * Tclmn Oratoris, Cic. — " You talk, my Lords, of conquering America — of your nume- " merous friends there, to annihilate the Con- " grefs — and your powerful forces to difperfe her " army: — I might as well talk of driving them be-, "fore me with this crutch." — Lord Chat ham. This APPENDIX, 357 This extraordinary perfonal dignity, fupport- cd on the bafis of his well-earned fame, at once acquired to his opinions an affent which is flowly given to the arguments of other men. His affer- tions rofe into proof; his forefight became prophe- cy. Befides the general fancnon of his charac- ter, and the decifive dignity with which he pro- nounced his fentiments, it was alfo well known that he carefully cultivated the moil authentic channels of intelligence, And it was an addi- tional and juft praife to him, that he exerted the great, influence of his name, and all his oppor- tunities, to invefligate the pureft fources of poli- tical information. But, as the aclivity of his public zeal, flimulated him to fuch exertion: 10 the fuperiority of his genius directed him to higher fources. For other men, even the me- chanical medium of official knowledge is a fphere too laborious. Though Lord Chatham's duty did not difdain, his fpirit foared above fuch little adventitious advantages : His was intelli- gence in a truer fenfe, and from the noblefl iburce: — " from his own fagacious mind*." — His intuition, like faith, feemed fuperior to the common forms of reafoning. No clue was ne- ceffary to the labyrinth illuminated by his ge- nius. Truth came forth at his bidding, and re- alized the wilh of the philofopher — (lie was feen and beloved. * He is his own bed expofitor. See his fpeech on the papers relative to Falkland's ifland, in 1770. " Let them not fcreen themfelves be- hind the want of intelligence." Vide Chap 39. Aa4 'ON 35§ APTENDIX. ON THE SAME SUBJECT. (WRITTEN BY MR. WILKES.) HE was born an orator, and from nature pof- feiTed every outward requifite to befpeak refpeclu and even awe. A manly figure, with the ea- gle eye of the famous Conde, fixed your atten- tion, and almoit commanded reverence the mo- ment he appeared; and the keen lightning of his eye fpoke the high refpeft: of his foul, before his lips had pronounced a fyllable. There was a kind of fafcination m his look when he eyed any one afkance. Nothing could withftand the force of that contagion. The fluent Murray* has faultered, and even Foxt fhrunk back ap- palled from an adverfary " fraught with fire un- quenchable," if I may borrow the expreffion of our great Milton. He had not the corre6fnefs of language fo finking in the great Roman ora- tor, but he had the verba ardentia, the bold glowing words. * Lord Mansfield. f Henry Fox, afterwards Lord Holland, EULOGIES. THE glories of Mr. Pitt's adminiftration are the fuccefies of the war, conducted under his aufpices, APPENDIX. 359, aufpices, accomplifhed by the wifdom of his plans, and the intrepidity infpired by his fpirit. They will fhine in the annals of England beyond the luftre of former ages. They will be eter- nal monuments of his amazing genius, refolution and fagacity. They will prove him not only the boldeft, but the wifeft minifter England ever faw. To enumerate the objects of our praife, would be to recapitulate the tranfa6tions of his adminillration. Such a recapitulation is here attempted ; but in a manner fo inadequate to the theme, that the work mud derive its only merit from its fubject. Mr. Pitt's bed hifrorical eulogium will be the plaineft truth; nor can faction or artifice fully the luftre of his eminent iervices. A whole people are neither to be bribed nor impofed upon. Envy may revile, and felf- intereft may feek to blacken; but his fame, in fpite of every effort to blait.it, in fpite of all the aflaults of low and little minds, will flourifh while this kingdom or its language (hall endure. He raifed the power and grandeur of England to the higheft fummit of glory and refpect; he confounded and defeated her enemies in every quarter of the world: he ftrictly adhered to the letter of her engagements abroad, and he ef- fected and preferved unanimity at home. The people daily teflify their high fenfe of his many eminent fervices< and diftinguifli his memory with an affection that does honour to their gra- titude. By the war carried on during his adminiftra- tion, we gained all the French fettlements and towns 360 APPENDIX"* towns on the continent in the Eaft Indies ; Sene- gal and Goree in Africa; Cape Breton and St. John's, by which we extirpated the French from the fifnery ; all Canada, Guadaloupe, Mar- tinico, Marigalante, Defirade, and the neutral iflands, in America; baffled the mighty efforts of France in Europe; intuited and (tripped her coafts ; burned her (hipping : ruined her navy, by repeated victories ; blocked up her harbours : almoft annihilated her trade; took Belleifle; and reduced her to bankruptcy. By the peace which fucceeded thefe moft glorious conquefts, we re- ftored every thing in the Eaft Indies ; Goree in Africa; granted the French an almoft unlimited fifliery in America; and for the loft of Cape Breton and St. John's, which were difmantled, we gave them the iflands of St. Peter and Mi- quelon, which another French King may forti- fy at pleafure; we reftored alfo Belleifle, Gua- daloupe, Martinico, Mariegalante, and Defir- ade, together with St. Lucia, the only valuable neutral ifland. Other conquefts were made in confequence of his plans, and they were reftored alfo. Could our enemies have required more? Ought they to have hoped forfo much? — What then, did England gain by the honefty, the vi- gilance and wifdom of Mr. Pitt; the expence of many millions, and the lofs of fo many thou- fands of brave men? — Canada, an almoft barren province; Florida, a randy defert; Senegal, which, without Goree, does not in the leaft in- jure the French Have trade; three of the neu- tral iflands, which are fcarce worth our peo- pling APPENDIX. 361 pling; Grenada, which is too unwholefome to live in; and the Grenadines which no nation ever thought worth poflefling. " O may the " conditions of fuch a peace, be engraved on " the tomb-ftones of his advifers.*" When Mr. Pitt had reduced the French to their laft refource, and had obliged them to feek refuge in the affiftance of another flatef; when by his maflerly penetration, he difcovered the joint defignj, and would have effectually fruftrated it by a timely and vigorous exertion of our national power, he was oppofed in fo fa- lutary and neceflary a meafure. Events foon juftihed the councils which he gave. But as he had no other motive than the welfare of his country, and finding he could not promote that by fuch meafures as he was convinced were right, he flruggled not for a continuance of em- ployment, but immediately religned. * Alluding to Lord Bute's words in the Houfe of Lords, on the day that the preliminary arti- cles of peace were debated ; when he faid he wifhed to have no greater eulogium engraved upon his tomb, than having advifed thofe terms 01 peace. i Spain. J The Family Compact. CHA- 302 APPENDIX. CHARACTER OF MR. PITT. THE Secretary flood alone. Modern degene- racy had not reached him. Original, and unac- commodating; the features of his character had the hardihood of antiquity. His auguft mind over-awed Majefty ; one of his Sovereigns thought royalty fo impaired in his prefence, that he confpired to remove him, in order to be relieved from his fuperiority*. No Hate chicane- ry, no narrow fyflem of vicious politics, no idle conteft for miniilerial victories, funk him to the vulgar level of the great ; but overbearing, per- fualive, and impracticable : his obje£t was Eng- land— his ambition was fame. Without divid- ing, he deftroyed party, without corrupting, he made a venal age unanimous. France funk be- neath him. With one hand he fmote the Houle of Bourbon, and wielded in the other the demo- cracy of England. The fight of his mind was infi- nite, and hisfchemes were to affect, not England not e the prefent age only, but Europe and poflerity. Wonderful were the means by which thefe fchemes were accomplifhed ; always fea- fonable, always adequate; the fuggeftions of an underftanding, animated by ardour, and enlightened by prophecy. The ordinary feelings which make life amiable and indolent, thole lenfations which foften, al- * Not George the Second. lure APPENDIX. 363 Jure and vulgarize, were unknown to him: no domeflic difficulties, no domeflic weaknefs reached him ; but aloof from the fordid occur- rences of life, and unfullied by its intercourfe, he came occalionally into our fyftem, to coun- cel and decide. A character fo exalted, fo flrenuous, fo vari- ous, fo authoritative, aflonifhed a corrupt age, and the Treafury trembled at the name of Pitt, through all her clafles of venality. Corruption imagined, indeed, that me had found defecls in this ftatefman, and talked much of the incon- fiftency of his glory, and much of the ruin of his victories ■ but the hiftory of his country, and the calamities of the enemy, anfwered and refuted her. Nor were his political abilities his only talents. His eloquence was an sera in the fenate; peculiar and fpontaneous, familiarly exprefling gigantic fentiments and extinctive wifdom; not like the torrent of Demofthenes, or the fplendid confla- gration of Tully; it refembled fometimes the thunder, and fometimes the mufic of the fpheres. Like Murray, he did not conduct the under- Handing through the painful fubtility of argu- mentation; nor was he like Towrifhend, for ever on the rack of exertion; but rather lightened upon the fubjecl, and reached the point by the flufhings of his mind, which, like thofe of his eye, were felt, but could not be followed. Upon the whole, there was in this man fome- thing that could create, fubvert, or reform ; an underftanding, a fpirit, and an eloquence to fum.mon 3^4 APPENDIX. fummon mankind to fociety, or to break the bonds of flavery afunder; and to rule the wil- dernefs of free minds, with unbounded autho- rity: Something that would eflablifh or over- whelm empire, and ftrike a blow in the world5 that mould refound through its univerfe. ANOTHER. WE fliall, for ages, revere the memory of a minifter, who never had his equal, in the opi- nion of the nation, for wifdom and integrity. He kept no levees : he admitted no trifling com- pany : he was embarrafled by no private con- nections, nor engaged in any intrigue : he never abufed his power, by preferring an undeferving perfon, and was exceedingly fcrupulous how he received recommendations : he defpiled thofe idle claims of rank and feniority, when they were not fupported by fervices, which alone could entitle them to public trull : he confided in ability and worth wherever he found them, without any regard to wealth, family, par- liamentary intereft, or connection. — He was punctual in his office, and fuch was his attention to bufinefs, that the mod minute occurrences pa{Ted -not without his examination. During his adminiftration, the faith of Great Britain was held inviolably facred. Under his adminiftra- tion, all parties united for the common good, becaufe all parties placed the utmoft confidence in his abilities and integrity. The diftinclion of court APPENDIX. 365 court and country parties, was diflblved in una^- nimity. A refpeclable militia was eftablifhed ; the natural flrength of the nation was exerted by fea and land ; the terrors of an invafion were removed ; the Britifh arms triumphed in every quarter of the globe ; trade and navigation were promoted and protected, and France was com- pletely humbled. Confcious of his own virtue, he never fought to conceal any part of his con- duct. ; but, on the contrary, was always ready and forward to lay all his meafures before the public. He obferved fuch flricl fecrecy, that, during the whole of his adminiflration, he crave no opportunity to the melt penetrating, of dis- covering \m deiigns to the enemy. He was a warm friend to conilitutional liberty, civil and religious. CHARACTER of the EARL of CHATHAM. By the late King of Prussia. (From his Pojlhwnous Works, Vol. III.) IN the autumn of 1757, a change had been effected in the Britifh miniftry ; Mr. Fox was fucceeded by Mr. Pitt, whofe lofty genius and perfuafive eloquence rendered him the idol of the nation. He had the heft underftanding of any man in England. His fuperior talents had fubdued the Houfe of Commons ; and when raifed 366 APPENDIX. raifed to the helm of affairs, he applied the whole vigour of his mind to render his country fovereign of the feas, without neglecting the meafures which might retrieve her glory by land. The treaty which the Duke of Cumberland had entered into at Clofter-Seven, he regarded with indignation, and confidered as the reproach of England. The firh1 meafures which he adopted in the adminiflration tended to deflroy even the remembrance of that infamous negotiation. He perfuaded the King his mafter to requeft Prince Ferdinand of Brunfwick from the King of Pruffia, and to fet that General at the head of the Allies. By his advice, King George aug- mented his army in Germany, and entered into new engagements with the King of Prulfia, and other Princes of that country. And the happy confequences of Mr. Pitt's meafures were foon experienced in Germany, in America, and in every part of the world. CHARACTER of Mr. PITT. By the Abbe Reynal. (From LHifloire Philofophique & Politique.) WILLIAM PITT, the favomite of the three kingdoms from his youth, for his integrity, his difintereftednels, his zeal againft corruption, his inviolable attachment to the interefls of his country, had a paffion for great things, was poflefled APPENDIX. %5j poflefled of an eloquence that was irrefiftible, and a genius that was at once enterpriftng and fteady. His ambition was to raife his country- above all the world, and himfelf along with her. 'Till the adminiftration of Mr. Pitt, all the en- terprizes of his nation in diftant countries were unfortunate, and they could not be otherwife, becaufe they were ill-concerted. But his pro- jects were formed with fuch wifdom and utility ; his preparations were made with fuch forecaft and expedition ; he fo juftly proportioned th* means to the end ; he made fo wife a choice of thofe in whom he was to repofe a confidence ; he eftablifhed fuch harmony between the land and fea fervice ; in fhort, he raifed the heart of England fo high, that his adminiftration was nothing but a chain of conquefls. His foul, ftili greater, looked down with contempt upon the idle clamours of thofe timid fpirits, who charged him with fquandering the public money. He anfwered in the words of Philip, the father of Alexander, " Viclory mud be purchafed with money, not money faved at the expence of viclory. * Speaking of Mr. Pitt's refignation, he fays, " Whatever was the caufe of his retreat, nothing: but the blinded, moft unjuft, and violent en- mity can affert, that he owed more to fortune than to his talents and his virtue." Vol. UK Bb A NO- 368 APPENDIX. ANOTHER. (By Mr. Burke.) LORD CHATHAM. A great and cele- brated name ; a name that keeps the name of this country refpectable in every other on the globe. It may be truly called, - Clarum et venerabilc nomen Gentibus, ct mulfum nojlrce quod proderat urbi. Sir, the venerable age of this great man, \m merited rank, his fuperior eloquence, his fplen- did qualities, his eminent fervices, the vafl fpace he fills in the eye of mankind ; and, more than all the reft, his fall from power, which, like death, canonizes and fanctifies a great cha- ra£ter, will not fuffer me to cenfure any part of his conduct. I am afraid to flatter him ; I am furc I am not difpofed to blame him. Let thofe who have betrayed him by their adulation, in- fult him with iheir malevolence. But what I do not prefume to cenfure, I may have leave to lament. For a wife man, he feemed to me at that time, to be governed too much by general maxims. I fpeak with the freedom of hiftory, and I hope without offence. One or two of thefe maxims, flowing from an opinion not the moft indulgent to our unhappy fpecies, and Purely a little too general, led him into meafures that APPENDIX. 369 that were greatly mifchievous to liimfelf; and for that reafon, among others, perhaps fatal to his country ; meafures, the effetls of which, I am afraid, are for ever incurable. He made an adminiflration [in 1766] fo checkered and fpeckled ; he put together a piece of joinery, lb crofsly indented and whimfically dovetailed ; a cabinet fo varioufly inlaid ; fuch a piece of di- verfified Mofaic ; fuch a teffelated pavement without cement ; here a bit of black Hone, and there a bit of white ; patriots and courtiers, king's friends and republicans ; whigs and to- nes ; treacherous friends and open enemies : that it was indeed a very curious Ihow ; but ut- terly unfafe to touch, and unfure to (land on. The colleagues whom he had afforted at the fame boards, flared at each other, and were obliged to afk, " Sir, your name ? — Sir, you have the advantage of me — Mr. Such-a-one — I beg a thoufand pardons'* — I venture to fay, it did (o happen, that perfons had a fingle office divided between them, who had never fpoke to each other in their lives ; until they found themfelves, they knew not how, pigging to- gether, heads and points, in the fame truckle- bed*. * Suppofed to allude to the Right Hon. Lord North, and George Cooke, Efq. who were made joint paymafters in the fummer of 1766, on the removal of the Rockingham adminittration. B b 2 Sir 370 APPENDIX. Sir, in confequence of this arrangement, hav- ing put fo much the larger part of his enemies and oppofers into power, the confufion was fuch, that his own principles could not poffibly have any effect or influence in the conduct of affairs. If ever he fell into a fit of the gout, or if any other caufe withdrew him from public cares, principles direclly the contrary were furc to predominate. When he had executed his plan, he had not an inch of ground to Hand upon. When he had accomplifhed his fcheme of adminiftration, he was no longer a minifter. When his face was hid but for a moment, his whole fyftem was on a wide fea, without chart or compafs. , The gentlemen, his particular friends, who, with the names of various depart- ments of miniftry, were admitted, to feem, as if they acled a part under him, with a modefty that becomes all men, and with a confidence in him, which was juflified even in its extrava- gance by his fuperior abilities, had never, in any inflance, prefumed upon any opinion of their own. Deprived of his guiding influence, they were whirled about, the fport of every guft, and eafily driven into any port ; and as thofe who joined with them in manning the veffel were the mod dire611y oppohte to his opinions, meafures, and character, and far the moff. artful and pow- erful of the fet, they eafily prevailed, io as to feize upon the vacant, unoccupied, and derelict, minds of his friends ; and inftantly they turned the veffel wholly out of the courfe of his policy. As APPENDIX. 371- As if it were to infult as well as to betray him, even long before the clofe of the firft feffion of his adminiftration, when every thing was pub- licly tranfa£ied, and with great parade in his name, they made an act, declaring it highly juft and expedient to raife a revenue in America. For even, then, Sir, even before this fplendid orb was entirely fet, and while the Weftern ho- rizon was in a blaze with his defcending glory, on the oppolite quarter of the heavens arofe another luminary, and, for this hour, became lord of the afcendant*. * Charles Townfhend. Bb£ ANO- 37^ - APPENDIX. ANOTHER. (By Lord Chesterfield.) MR. PITT owed his rife to the moft con* fiderabie polls and power in this kingdom fingly to his own abilities. In him they iupplied the want of birth and fortune, which latter, in others, too often fupply the want of the former. iU: was a younger brother of a very new family, and his fortune was only an annuity of one hundred pounds a year. The army was his original deftination, and a cornei cy of horfe his firft and only commiflion in it. Tims unailifled by favour or fortune, he had no powerful proteclor to introduce him into bufmefs, and (if I may ufe thatexpreflion) to do the honours of his parts — but their own ilrength was fully fufficient. His conftitution refufed him the ufual plea- lures, and his genius forbid him the idle diffipa- tions, of youth ; for fo early as at the age of iixteen he was the martyr of an hereditary gout. Hr, therefore, employed the leifure which that tedious and painful diftemper, either procured or allowed him, in acquiring a great fund of premature APPENDIX. 373 premature and ufeful knowledge*. Thus by the unnaccountable relation of caufes and erTe&s, what feemed the greateft misfortune of his life, was perhaps, the principal caufe of its fplendour. His private life was flained by no vice, nor fullied by any meannefs. All his fentiments were liberal and elevated. His ruling paflion was an unbounded ambition, which, when fup- ported by great abilities, and crowned with great fuccefs, make what the world calls a Great Man. He was haughty, imperious, impatient of contradiction, and overbearing — qualities which too often accompany, but always clog, great ones. He had manners and addrefs — but one might difcern through them too great a confciou fiefs of his own fuperior talents. He was a moft agreeable and lively com- panion in focial life, and had fuch a verfatihty of wit, that he would adapt it to all forts of conversation. He had alio a molt happy turn to poetry; but he feldom indulged and Seldom avowed it. He came young into Parliament, and upon that great theatre he (bon equalled the oldelf * Notwithstanding this insinuation, it is well known, Mr. Pitt when a boy at Eaton, was the pride and boaft of the fchool. Dean Bland, the mailer, valued himfelf upon having fo bright a fcholar. The old man (hewed him to his friends, and to every body as a prodigy. B b 4 374 APPENDIX. and the ableft. actors*. His eloquence was of every kind, and he excelled in the argumenta- tive, as well as in the declamatory way. But his invectives were terrible, and uttered with fuch energy of diclion, and fuch dignitv of ac- tion and countenace, that he intimidated thofe who were the mofl willing and the befl: able to encounter himf. Their arms fell out of their hands, and they (lirunk under the afcendant which his genius gained over theirs J. A few * It is faid that Sir Robert Walpole fcarce heard the found of his voice in the Honfe of Commons, but he was alarmed and thunder- flruck; he told his friends, that he would be glad at any rate to muzzle that terrible cornet of horfe. The miniiter would have promoted his rife in the army, provided he would have given up his feat in Parliament. t Hume Campbell and Lord Mansfield. I Demoflhenes was his great model in fpeak- ing; and we are told, that he tranflated fome oi his orations by way of exercife, feveral times over. But though he was delighted with the manner of this .orator, who united a wonderful power of exprelfion to the moll forcible method of reafoning, yet he was equally mailer of the pleafing, diffufe, and pailionate ftyle of the Ro- man orator. APPENDIX. 375 A few Lines by JUNIUS. [Firfl publijhed on the 15th of Augufl, 1771.) I DID not intend to make a public declara- tion of the refpeft I bear Lord Chatham. But I am called upon [[by the Rev. Mr. Home] to give my opinion. As for the common fordid views of avarice, or any purpofe of vulgar am- bition, I quell ion whether the applaufe of Ju- nius would be of fervice to Lord Chatham. My vote will hardly recommend him to an encreafe of his penfion, or to a feat in the cabinet. But if his ambition be upon a level with his under- ftanding ; — if he judges of what is truly honour- able for himfelf, with the fame fuperior genius, which animates and direcls him, to eloquence in debate, to wTifdom in decifion, even the pen of Junius (hall contribute to reward him. Re- corded honours (hall gather round his monu- ment, and thicken over him. It is a folid fa- bric, and will fupport the laurels that adorn it. I am not converfant in the language of panegyric - — 1 hefe praifes are extorted from me ; but they will wear well, for they have been dearly earned. Extracts 35| 37^ appendix. Extracts from the North Briton* (Afcribed to Mr. Wilkes. J July 24, 1762. " MERIT alone brought Mr. Pitt into the Miniftry; merit alone kept him there. He was determined to come into no miniflerial jobs : He fpoke his mind freely on every occafion ; when convinced, he was always ready to change his opinion, and alter his rneafures; but had the impudence to expecl conviftion before he did it. He never was afraid to bring the voice of the people to the ear of the Sovereign. He was always ready and forward to lay his own rnea- fures before the pulbic. He was of fuch unfha- fcen fecrecv, that during the whole courfe of his miniftry, he gave no opportunity to the moft willing of difcovering our defigns to the ene- my. He was of fuch unpardonable attention to bufinefs, that the moll minute occurrences of his department palled not without examination. He was fuch a bigot to the interefls ©f the pub- lic, that no private connections whatever, could induce him to prefer an undeferving perfon. — — He was of fuch unbounded ambition, that faifed the honour of the Englifh name to a much greater height than that of his predecefibrs. He was fo extravagantly oppofite to the rneafures ufually adopted on fuch occafions, that he was foolifhly APPENDIX. 377 foolifhly refolved not to give up in treaty what we had gained in war. He was fo immoderate in his demands, that our enemies faw through them with a juft indignation, and were con- vinced he would make a good peace, or none at all. He was fo jealous of his minifierial re- putation, and fo envious of thofe who mould iucceed him, that, in order to prevent their do- ing of any thing, he left them little or nothing to do." Again, Nov. 20. 1762. " Another copious fource of calumny on Mr. Pitt has been the pretended defertion of the public at the mod critical period. I did not ex- peel to have feen this urged, after the great part Mr. Pitt acted through the lafl feflion of parliament. How nobly did he fupport the caufe of his country ? Did he at any one mo- ment endeavour to fow the feeds of difcord, or to kindle the Jeaft (park of faction ? His zeal for the public, his firmnefs, fpirit, and modera- tion were no lefs admired, than the folid wif- dom, deep policy, and heroic magnanimity, of his councils. His very enemies bear teflimony to his patriotifm and greatnefs of foul, under all 378 APPENDIX. all provocations of petulent, illiberal abufe, and on the mod trying occasions. I have the fatis- faclion of hoping, that through the next moft important felfion, the public will reap the bene- fit of the cleared head, and the moll upright heart. " The laft topic of abufe I fhall now mention is, the late Minifter's diclating to, and magif- terially controuling, all the other fervants of the crown, and all public offices. I never heard any proof offered of this, but the fmgle word Guide, in a letter to a friend. It is not even pretended, that he ever impofed any one crea- ture or dependant on the Board of Treafury, Ad- miralty, &c. or paid any low fycophant by pla- ces in the Excife or Cuftoms." Jan. 1, 1763. — " Mr. Pitt alone feems to pok fefs that great political virtue of governing king- doms to their own fatis faction. This is pecu- liar to Mr. Pitt, that the palm of virtue and ability was readily yielded to him by every man of every party Mr. Pitt never fails to perfuade, to awaken, to roufe the paffions, and to gain them over to the fide of truth and virtue. Mr. Pitt feems to feel the moft fincere benevolence and difpofition to do good. As that is the moft firm and vigorous mind, which is not elated with profpenty, nor dejected in adverfity, in this refpect the virtue of Mr. Pitt appears com- pleat. " Mr. Pitt was for many years the admiration of all his fellow-citizens : on a fudden the wick- ed APPENDIX. 379 ed arts, and falfe fuggeftions of a few malevo- lent and envious men, for a (hort time obfcured his fame, and eclipfed his glory ; but his con- duct was the fame ; modefty, calm fenfe, and dignity attended him. Mr. Pitt has generofity and fpirit, is abftemious, temperate, and regu- lar ; and by the mod manly fenfe and fine fallies of a fportive imagination, can charm the whole day ; and as the Greek laid, his enter- tainments pleafe the day after they are given." On Mr, Pitt's refigning the Seals in 1761. NE'ER yet in vain, did Heaven its omens fend, Some dreadful ills unufual figns portend ! When Pitt refign'd, a nation's tears will own, Then fell the brightell jewel in the crown*. Walton. R.BROWNE, * Alluding to the largeft jewel falling out of the King's crown at his coronation. — Subsequent interpreters, however, have faid this circum- ftance was ominous of the lofs of America, and other dominions, which belonged to the Bri* fcifh crown, at the time of his coronation. The 38O APPENDIX. The jolloxoing Lines were written by David Gar- rick, EJq\. SHALL Chatham die, and be forgot? — O! No; Warm from it's fource, let grateful forrow flow ; His matchlefs ardour fir'd each fear-flruck mind, His genius foar'd, when Britons droop'd and pin'd; Whilft each State Atlas funk beneath the load, His heart, unfhook, with patriot virtue glow'd, Like Hercules, he free'd them from the weight, And on his moulders fix'd the tottering ftate; His ftrength the monfters of the land defy'd. "> To raife his country's glory was his pride, V And for her fervice, as he liv'd, he dy'd. J O ! for his pow'rs, thofe feeling to impart, Which rouz'd to aclion every drooping heart, f In the prologue of Bonduca. Infcrijb* APPENDIX, 381 1 Infcription on the firjl Stone of Black Friars Bridge. Ultimo die Oclobris. anno ab incarnationc MDCCLX, aufpicatiflimo principe GEORGIO Tcrtio regnum jam ineunte, Pontis hujus, in reipublicre commodum urbifq ; majeftatem, (Late turn flagrante bello) ' aS.P. O. L. fufcepti, ' Primum Lapidem pofuir. Thomas Chitty, Miles, Pnetor : Roberto Mylne, Architeclo, Utque apud pofleros extet monumentum voluntatis fuae erga virum, qui vigore ingenii, animi conflantia, probitatis & virtutis fuae felici quadam conta- gione, (favente Deo fauflifque Georgii Secundi aufpiciis) Imperium Britanicum in Afia, Africa, & America, reftituit, auxit, 8c ftabilivit, Nee non patriae antiquum honorem Sc auclorita- tem inter Europe gentes inltauravit; Civis Londinenfes, uno confenfu, Huic Ponti inferibi voluerunt nomen GULIELMI PITT. L£ni- ^82 APPENDIX. [_Engl?Jlid thus:"] On the lad day of October, in the year 1760, and in the beginning of the moft aufpicious reign of GEORGE the Third, Sir Thomas Chitty, Knight, Lord Mayor, laid the firft ftone of this Bridge, Undertaken by the Common Council of London (amidfl the rage of an extenfive war) for the public accommodation, and ornament of the city : Robert Mylne being the architect. And that there might remain to pofterity a monument of this City's arfe&ion to the Man, who, by the ltrength of his genius, the fteadinefs of his mind, and a certain kind of happy contagion of his probitv and fpirit, (under the Divine favour, and fortunate aufpices of George the Second) recovered, augmented, and fecured, the Britifh Empire, in Afia, Africa, and America, And reftored the antient reputation and influence of his country amongft the nations of Europe The Citizens of London have unanimoufly vo ted this Bridge to be infcribed with the name of WILLIAM PITT. A LIST ' C 3«3 ] A LIST of the General CHANGES of the MINISTRY, from the Year 1742 to the End of the Reign of George the Second, diftinguifhing each Adminiflration. Offices ind Places. Sir Robert Walpolc's Miniftry , Lord Bath's Miniftry, appointed The Broad Bo'tom Miniftry, as it flood when he refigncd, in February 1742. November 1744. in February 1742. Mr. Pelham's Miniftry, February 1746. Duke of Newealtle's Miniftry, March 1754. Mr. Pitt's Firft Miniftry, December 17^6. Lord Chancellor Lord rVeftdent Lord Privy Seal Lord Chamberlain Grcom of the Stole I>ord Steward Treafurer of the Houfhold Comptroller Cofferer Treafurer of the Chamber Matter of Horfe Captain of Yeomen of Guard Lord Hardwicke Lord Wilmington Lord Hervey Duke of Grafton Lord Pembroke Duke of Dorfet Lord Fitz waiter Sir Conyers d'Arcy Sir W. Yonge Lord Hobart Duke of Richmond Karl of ElTex Firft Lord of the Admiralty Lords of the Admiralty r Captain of Band of Penitoners Duke of Bolton Firft Lord of the Treafury Sir Robert Walpole Chancellor of the Exchequer Ditto {'J'. Wilmington G TVeb T. Clutterbuck Si,- C. Wager Sir T. Frank land Lord Harry Powlett J J. Campbell j Lord V. Beauclerk ■ Lord Glenorcky L Edward Thompfon ♦Secretaries of State \ B^e of Newctfie I Lord Harrington Chancellor of Duchy Lord Cholmon Chief Juftices in Eyre \ Pak/Tof Ancaftcf J ' L Lord Jerfey Poftmafters { Lo:.| Leicefter I Sir J. Kyles Matter of Ordnance Duke of Montagu Secretary at War Sir W. Yonge Paymafter [ ,. Pelham Treafurer of-the Nfovy Arthur Onflow Firft Lord of the Trade Lord Monfon r ' j Martin Bladen I LdAaal Aihe Lords of Trade ■< Sir Or. Bndgman Sir Archer Croft I Hon. J.i. Brudenell L Richard Plumer Duke of Devonshire continued Duke of Dorfet Lord Gower continued continued Duke of Devonfhire cont iiued continued Edm. Waller Sir J. H. Cotton coucinued Lord Lieutenant of Ireland Vice Tic.ifurers Lord Sunderland (for life) continued I ord TorriHgton continued Lord Edgcumbft 'Harry Vane continued Lord Harrington Lord Cholmondeley continued continued continued continued continued continued continued continued Lord Berkeley," of Stratton continued Lord Bathurft Lord Hobart Lord Wilmington Mr. Pelham. S. Sandys Ditto ,, ., ~ Lord Middlefex I Ion. Cx. Compton tj y Sis 1. RllllOUt l> A J 1 ni-r ,-.•,, Hon. R. Arundel J hilip Gibbons r1 t .t u r G. Lyttciton Lord Winchelfea Du: e of Bedford John Cockburn Lord Sandwich Loid A. Hamilton continued Lord Baltimore continued Philip Cavendifh Lord V. Beauclerk Dr. G. Lee George Anfon Hon. J. Trevor George Grenville rued continued Lord Carteret Lord Harrington Lord Edgcumbe continued Lord Cardigan continued continued continued continued continued continued Sir W. Fawkenor continued continued continued continued T. Winnington continued T.^Chitterbuck Loru Me!combe continued continued Hon. R. Herbert continued continued continued continued continued Sir C. Gilmour Sir John Philips If. Keene continued continued John Pitt continued continued Lord Chefterfield continued continued In commiHion Lord Granville continued continued continued Duke of Marlborough Lord Gower continued continued continued Lord Albemarle Lord Rochfcrd continued Duke of Marlborough Duke of Rutland continued continued Lord Berkeley, of Stratton Lord Bateman continued Lord Hillfborough Lord Edgcumbe Lord Lincoln Duke of Leeds continued Hon. R. Arundel continued C. Townfhend Lord Harrington in 1751 Duke of Dorfet continued Lord Falmouth continued continued Mr. Pit-'s Second Miniftry, of Coalition of Parties, June 1757. Lord Northington continued Lord Temple Duke of Devonfhire continued continued Loid Thomond continued continued continued Lord Gower continued continued continued continued G. Grenville H. B. Legge J. Campbell continued continued continued Lord Barrinaton Lord Duncanaon continued continued continued continued continued continued continued Lord Berkeley, of Stratton continued Duke of Newcaftle Duke of Devonshire Duke of Newcaftle H. B. Legge H. B. Legge H. B. Legge Lord Darlington Lord Duncannon . continued Lord Dupplui James Grenville continued Robeit Nugent continued continued Lord Anfon Lord Temple Lord Anfon Welbore Ellis John Pitt Hon. J. Forbes continued Dr. Geo. Ffay continued continued . T. O. Hunter continued Hon. T. Villiers Gilbert Elliot continued Sir W. Rowley Temple Weft 'continued Hon. Edw. Bofcawen continued continued Sir Tho Robinfon Mr. Pitt Mr. Pitt Lord Holderneffe continued continued continued continued Lord Kinnoul Duke of Leeds in 1748 Duke of Somerfet in 1756 continued Lord Halifax Lord Sandys Lord Breadalbanc continued continued continued continued continued continued continued Duke of Marlborough continued Henry Fox > continued continued Mr. Pitt continued T. Potter continued George Grenville continued continued Lord fLlifax ' ' " — continued continued continued W. G. Hamilton Jan.es Grenville continued Soame Jenyns continued Andrew Stone continued B. L. Gower James Ofwald continued continued Lord Edgcumbe Richard Rigby continued continued W- eloper continued T. Pelham continued Lord Harrington M.of Hartington in 1755 Duke of Bedford Lord Cholmondeley Sir W. Yonge Lord Sandwich continued Welbore Ellis f continued continued continued Lord Edgcumbe continued continued continued Lord Ligonier continued Henry Fox continued continued continued continued continued continued continued continued continued continued continued Tho. Potter continued who are born to poflVfs the great offices of State, and whofe rank excluding them from an academical tuition in the principles of trado, deprives them of the means of obtaining a rudimental knowledge of the great foence of commerce ,riiv>. . ,m t The Duke's Miniftry, as it was called, becaufe it had been formed under the aufpices of. the Duke of Cumberland, was .appointed in the month of November 1755; but confifted only of the following alterations from the Duke of Newcaftle S Miniftry, which had been appointed the year before. Mr. Fox was made Set retary of State in the room of Sir Thomas Robinfon. Lord Gower was made Lord Privy S*al in the room of the Duke of M.ulborough. T„.c,_ Sir George Lyttelton, Chancellor of the Exchequer, in the room of Mr. Legge. Lord Thomond and H. Fumefe, Lords of the Treafury, vice the Lords Darlington and Kinnoul, who were made joint paymafters in the room at ^Mr. Pitt. , cm,hr„,,Wir in Lord Bateman was appointed one of the Lords of the Ad nirait, in the room of Lord Barnngton, who was mad. Secicttrv at War .n the room of Mr. Fox. And Lord Edgcumbe was alio made a Lord of the Admiralty 111 the room ot Welbore tins. Lord Mrlcombe was made Treafurer of the Nasy'in the room of George Grenville. t,,,u„,.. r„h„ P^rr and W. G. Hamilton, j. Talbot, Soame Jenyns, and*. R.gby, Lords ol Trade, vice Lord Edgaumbc, Hon. R. Herbert, John P.tt, and JaB!^firs>bftitutionofa few perfons could fcarcely be called another Miniftry J for during the fhort time they were in office, there were continual ncgociaiions going on, with a view to form another Miniftry, C 384 ] A LIST of the General CHANGES of the MINISTRY, from the Acceffion of George the Third to the Commencement of Lord North's Miniflry in the Year 1770, including the Nine firfl Years of the Reign of George III. Offices and Places. Lord Cham e'lor Lord Prefident Privy Seal Lord Chamberlain V i Chambei lain m of the Stole Loul Steward Treafurer of ihe Houfliold Comptroller Cofferer Treafurer of the Chamber Mafter of Horfe n of Yeomen of Guard Captain of Band of Penlioners Firft Lord of the Treafury Chancellor of the Exchequer Lords of the Treafury < Firft Lord of the Admiralty Lords of the Admiralty Secretaries of State Chancellor of Duchy Chief Juftice-., in Eyre Poll mailers Mafter of Ordnance Secretary at War rfrer irer of the Navy Firft Lord of Trade Lords of Trade Lord Lieutenant of Ireland Vice Treafurers < Lord Bute's Miniftry, May 1762. Lqrd Northington Lord Grenville Duke of Bedford Duke of Marlborough Hon. W. Finch Lrrd Huntingdon Lord Talbot L< rd I : 1.' rd C. Spencer Lord Tnomond Sir Gilbert Elliot Duke of Rutland Lord Falmouth Lord Litchfield L< id Bute Sir Era. Dafhwood Lord North Ja. Ofwald Sir J. Turner Lord Halifax Dr. Geo. Hay T. (). Hunter Hon. J. Forbes Hans Stanley Lord Villers Tiio. Pelham i r< mont Leal Halifax Lord Strange Duke of Leeds Lord Breadalbane Lord Trevor Lord Egmont Lord Ligonier Lord ^Barrington Lord Holland Lord Barrington Lord Sandys Soame Jenyns Edw. Eliot Ed,'.-. Bacon John Yorke Sir Edm. Thomas George Rice Lord Orwell Lord Halifax Loud Sandwich Roliert Nugent Richard Rigby Duke of Bedford's Miniftry, April 1763. continued Duke of Bedford Duke of Marlborough Lord (Jower continued continued continued continued continued continued continued continued continued continued Geo. Grenville Geo. Grenville Lord North Sir J. Turner T. O. Hunter Ja. Harris Lord Egmont continued Lord Carysfort Lord Howe continued Lord Digby Thomas Pitt Lord Sandwich continued continued continued continued continued Lord Hyde Lord Granby Welbore Ellis continued continued Lord Hilliborough continued continued continued Jerem. Dyfon Bamber Gafcoigne continued continued Lord Northumberland Ja. Ofwald continued continued Lord Rockingham's Miniftry, July 176). continued Loid Winchelfea Duke of Newcaftle Duke of Poitland Lord Villiers continued continued Lord Edgoumbe T. Pelham Lord Scarborough continued continued continued contnued Lord Rockingham W. Dowdefwell Lord J. Cavendiih Tho. Town fend Geo. Onflow continued Sir C. Saunders Hon. A. Keppel Cha. Townfend Sir W. Meredith John Buller continued General Conway. . : Lord Chatham's MiniAry, Augult 1766. Duke of Grafton continued continued Lord Monfon Lord Beiborough Lord Grantham continued Lord Barrington' C. Townfhend Lord Howe Lord Dartmouth continued continued John Roberts continued W. Fitzherbert continued Lord Palmerfton Lord Hertford continued Lord Geo. Sackville Welbore Ellis Lord Camden Lord Northington Lord Chatham Lord Hertford continued continued continued Sir J. Shelley continued Hans Stanley continued Duke of Ancafter continued continued Duke of Grafton 'C. Townfhend Pryfe Campbell continued continued Sir E. Hawke Lord Palmerftone continued continued continued continued J. Yorke, afterwards C Jenkinfon Lord Shelburne General Conway continued continued Lord Cornwallis Lord Hilliborough Lord le Defpencer continued continued Lord North and Geo. Cooke continued Lord Hilliborough continued continued continued continued continued continued Hon. T. Robinfon Lord Briiiol continued James Grenville continued Duke of Grafton's Miniftry, December 1767. continued Lord (Jower Lord Briftol continued continued continued continued Continued continued continued continued continued continued continued continued Lord North continued C. Jenkinfon continued continued continued Sir Geo. Yonge continued Sir P. Brett continued Lord C. Spencer Lord Weymouth Lord Rochford continued continued Lord Grantley Lord Sandwich continued continued continued R. Rigby continued continued continued continued continued Lord Lifburne continued continued continued Lord Townfhend Ifaac Barre continued Rich. Rigby Lord North's Miniftry, January 1770. Lord Bathurft continued Duke of Grafton continued Lord Grantham Lord Briftol continued continued Sir W. Meredith continued Geo. Rice continued continued Lord Edgcumbe Lord North Lord North C. Townfhend, of Honingham continued continued Lord Sandwich continued Lord Lifburne Adm. Holborne C. J. Fox continued continued ihvicrrf Luid Hall fax," ~3ccT Lord Weymouth, Lord Suffolk, &c, Lord Hyde Lord Pelham continued Lord Carteret continued Lord Townfhend continued continued Sir Gilbert Elliot continued continued continued continued cont'nued continued continued Lord Grenville continued Lord Clare Lord Cornwallis Welbore Ellis N s.