3S2665 .8.H68 Stem f ^e feifimri? of (pxofcBBox TJ?ifftam ^enrg (Bteen U^equeaf^eb 6)? ^im to t^e £i6rar)? of (Princeton ^^eofogicaf ^eminarg AUS 29 1957 EPISTLE TO THE ROMANS. DESIGXETl FOR BIBLE CLASSES AND SUNDAY SCHOOLS, BY CHARLES HODGE, Professor in the Theological Seminary at Princeton^ PHILADELPHIA: PUBLISHED BY GRIGG & ELLIOT, >'0. 9 XORTH FOURTH STREET. 1835. ENTERED, according to the act of Congress, in the year 1835, by Charles Hodge, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court for the District of New Jersey. PRINCETON: PRINTED BI JOHN BOGART. ADVERTISEMENT. These questions are accommodated to the Commen- tary on the Epistle to the Romans, which the writer has recently published. He has, therefore, followed the di- vision of the chapters into sections, and not attempted to divide them into lessons. As the proper length of a lesson depends so much on the age of the pupils, it must be left to the judgment of the teacher. For the sake of convenience the sacred text has been printed above the questions relating to it. It may be found a difficult task for younger pupils to find the appropriate answers to many of the questions, which must be asked on such a diflicult portion of the scriptures as this epistle. But the effort at analysis, and the attention requisite to discover the answers, is an ex- cellent mental discipline, which, although in this case only a collateral object, is one of no slight importance. In some instances, where the answers are not very ob- vious, they have been added by the writer. The questions on the Introduction must, of course, be passed over, where the students have not access to soiTie other source of information than the epistle itself. The student will observe that in the references the figures indicating chapters are, in all cases, separated by a colon from those referring to verses. Princeton, Avgust 1835. INTRODUCTION. History of Pant. In what state were the heathen and Jewish reUgions at the time of the advent 1 To what extent did skepticism prevail among the heathen 1 What was the consequence of this infideUty 1 What were the two leading sects of philosophers ? What were the characteristics of the Stoics "? What view did the Platonists take of the popular reli- gion What effect did Platonism produce 1 What was the state of tilings among the Jews? What were the principal sects among them 1 What were their characteristics ? How was Paul specially prepared to labour in this state of the world ■? Where was he bom ? What was the character of Tarsus for Uterature 1 What evidence is there that Paul received part of his education in Tarsus ] Where was he principally educated 1 Acts 22: 3. What special advantage was his Jewish education to himl How was Paul converted to Christianity? Acts 9: 1—10. By whom was Paul taught the gospell Gal. 1: 21. What was Paul's natural disposition ] W^hat eflect did religion produce upon him? A* Origin and Condition of the CImrch at Rome. Were the Jews at this time widely dispersed among the nations ? How did this faciUtate the progress of the gospel 1 What evidence is there that they were very numerous in Rome? Had many of the Romans become proselytes? How may Christianity have been mtroduced into Rome ? Were any Roman Jews and proselytes present, at the day of Pentecost, in Jerusalem? Acts 2: 10. Did Peter found the church at Rome ? Is there evidence that Peter never was at Rome prior to Paul's visit there ? Is there any satisfactory evidence that Peter ever was at Rome? Do we know certainly when or by whom the church at Rome was founded? What was the condition of the congregation ? Of what classes of persons did its members consist? Did the Gentile or Jewish class predominate? ch. 1: 13. 15: 16. What was the design of the apostle in writing this epistle ? What errors of the Jews does he oppose ? What opinions did the Jews entertain on justification ? Luke 3: 8. Rom. 2: 3—5. 3: 1—5. What was their opinion as to the persons who were to be admitted into the kingdom of the Messiah ? Why were the Jews so unwilling to submit to their heathen rulers ? Time aiid place of the composition of the Epistle. When was this epistle written? ch. 15: 25. Acts 20: 2, 3, 16. Jlns. Probably in the year 58 or 59. Where was it written? ch. 16; 1, 23; compare 1 Cor. 1: 14. Authenticity of the Epistle. Whose name does it bear? Has it always been recognised in the church as Paul's? How does it appear that it is the production of a Jew ? Does it agree in style and manner with Paul's other epistles 1 Does it coincide in its statements of facts with the other sacred writings'? compare Rom. 15: 25 — 31 with Acts 20: 2, 3. 24: 17, &c. &c. Is there any reason for doubting its authenticity 1 A7iaJysis of the Epistle. Of how many parts does it consist] What does the first part, ch. 1 — 8, relate to 1 What does the second part, ch. 9 — 11, treat of? What is the object of the third part 1 How far does the introduction extend] What does Paul prove respecting the Gentiles ] ch. 1 : 18—32. Does he prove that the Jews also cannot be justified by works] ch2. 3: 1—20. What does he exhibit in ch. 3: 21—31 ] What is the object of chs. 4 and 5 ] What objections are answered in chs. 6 and 7 1 What is the design of ch. 8 ] What principle does Paul assume in arguing with the Gentiles] ch. 1: 18. Wliat charge does he establish against them ] ch. 1 : 19—32. How does he commence his argument against the Jews ] ch. 2: 1—16. Does he prove that the Jews cannot be justified before , God] ch. 2: 17—29. Will the pecuUar privileges of the Jews protect them ? ch. 3: 1—20. What is the true method of justification] ch 3: 21—31. 8 How does Paul prove this to be the true method ? ch. 4: 1—25. What are the resuUs of tliis method of justification ? ch. 5: 1—11. What is the design of ch. 5: 12—21] How does Paul show that gratuitous justification does not lead to the indulgence of sin? ch. 6: 1 — 11. On what mistake is this objection founded? ch. 6: 12—23. How does Paul illustrate the necessity of deliverance from the law 1 ch. 7: 1—6. What is the design and effect of the law 1 ch. 7: 7 — 25. How does Paul demonstrate the safety of believers? ch. 8: 1—39. What does the second part of the epistle relate to ? How is it proved that all the natural descendants of Abraham are not the true people of God? ch. 9: 1—11. How does Paul prove that God chooses whom he will? ch. 9: 6—24. Had God predicted the rejection of the Jews ? ch. 9: 25—33. Why were they rejected? ch. 10: 1 — 5. On what ground does Paul argue that the gospel should be preached to all men? ch. 10: 6 — 21. Is the rejection of the Jews total? ch. 11: 1 — 11. Is there to be a general conversion of the Jews? ch. 11: 11—36. To what does the tliird part of the epistle refer ? chs. 12—16. QUESTIOjNS EPISTLE TO THE ROMANS. CHAPTER I. Of how many parts does tliis chapter consist? Ans. Two, vs. 1—17, and vs. 18—32. What eire the contents of each ] CHAP. 1: 1—17. 'Paul, a servant of Jesus Christ, called to be an apostle, separated unto the gospel of God, -(which he had promised afore by his prophets in the holy scriptures,) Sconceming liis Son Jesus Christ our Lord, which was made of the seed of David according to the flesh ; ^and declared to be the Son of God with power, according to the Spirit of holiness, by the resurrection from the dead : ^by whom we have received grace and apostleship, for obedience to the faith among all nations, for his name : ^among whom are ye also the called of Jesus Christ: 'to all that be in Rome, beloved of God, called to be saints : Grace to you, and peace, from God our Father, and the Lord Jesus Clirist. ^First, I thank my God through Jesus Christ for you all, that your faith is spoken of tluroughout the whole world. ^For God is my witness, whom I serve with my spirit in the gospel of his Son, that without 10 ceasing I make mention of you alwaj^s in my prayers ; i^making request if by any means now at length I might have a prosperous journey by the will of God to come unto you. "For I long to see you, that I may impart unto you some spiritual gift, to the end you may be established: i^that is, that I may be comforted to- gether with you, by the mutual faith both of you and me. i3]\'ow I would not have you ignorant, brethren, that oftentimes I purposed to come unto you, (but was let hitherto,) that I might have some fruit among you also, even as among other Gentiles. ^^I am debtor both to the Greeks and to the Barbarians, both to the wise and to the unwise. Jsgo, as much as in me is, I am ready to preach the gospel to you that are at Rome also, isfor I am not ashamed of the gospel of Christ: for it is the power of God unto salvation, to every one that believeth ; to the Jew first, and also to the Greek. I'^For therein is the righteousness of God revealed from faith to faith : as it is written. The just shall live by faith. Of how many parts does this section consist? ^-iiis. Two, vs. 1—7, and vs. 8—17. What are the contents of each ? What does Paul declare himself to be? v. 1. What does he say of the gospel ? v. 2. What is the great subject of the gospel ? v. 3. What does he say of Clurist? vs. 3, 4. From whom did Paul receive his appomtment as an apostle? V. 5. What was the object of this office ? v. 5. For what did Paul give thanks? v. 8. What does he appeal to as evidence of his concern for the Roman Christians? vs. 9, 10, 11. Why did Paul wish to see them? vs. 12, 13. li Why (lid he feel ready to preach even at Romel V£)# 14, 15. On what was his reverence for the gospel founded ] v. 1 6. To what does Paul ascribe the efficacy of the gospel, V. 17. What are the two great subjects thus introduced 1 Commentary. (1) What was Paul's original name] On what occasions was it customary among the Jews to change the names of persons'! Gen. 17: 5. 32: 28. 41: 45. Dan. 1: 6, 7. Why was the apostle's name changed? What do the phcrases servant of Christ and servant of Godmeanl Gal. 1: 10. Phil, li 1. Num. 12: 7. Jos. 24: 29. Judges 2: 8. What does the word called mean in this place ? vs. 6, 7^ 1 Cor. 1: 1, 24. Rom. 8: 28. What does the word apostle mean, and what was the nature and design of the apostoUc office"! Acts 1: 22. 2: 32. 3: 15. 1 Cor. 15: 15. 1 Cor. 9: 1. What does the word separated here mean? Lev. 20s 24, 26. Acts 13: 2. Gal. 1: 15. What does the expression gospel of God mean? (2) Had the gospel been promised of old? Was it of importance to the apostle's object to show that he did not teach a new doctrine ? Does he elsewhere say that the leading truths of the gospel were taught by the ancient prophets ? ch. 3: 21. 10: 11. 9: 27, 33. 10: 20, 21. 9: 25. (3, 4) What is the great subject of the gospel ? What is the general meaning of these verses ? ^ns. As to his human nature he was the son of David; as to his divine nature he was declared to be the Son of God. What does the word made here mean? Gal. 4: 4. John 8: 41. 12 What does the word fesh here mean ? ch. 9: 5. John 1: 14. 1 Tim. 3; 16. 1 John 4: 2. What does the word declared here mean] What was Christ declared to be ] What is the meaning of the phrase .Son of God? Ans. He who is of the same nature with God, and, therefore, equal with him ; see John 5: 17. 10: 30 — 39. Heb. 1. 4 — 8; compare John 1: 14, 18. Is any person, besides the Saviour, ever called the Son of Godi see Luke 3: 8. What is the ground of Adam's being, in this single case, called the Son of God 1 What reason is assigned in Luke 1: 35 for Christ being called the Son of God? Jins. Either because his hu- man nature was to be miraculously conceived, or that the divine Being was to come into personal union with that nature. With what are the words xvith power to be connected, and what do they mean ] What is the meanmg of the phrase accordiiig to tlte Spirit of holiness? Ans. According to his divine nature. Is the word Spirit elsewhere used in reference to the divine nature of Christ] 1 Tim. 3: 16. Heb. 9: 14. 1 Pet. 3: 18. To what do the words according to (or, as to) the Spirit of holiness stand opposed in this passage ] Does Paul elsewhere bring the two natures of Christ thus into contrast] ch. 9: 5. How was Christ declared or proved to be the Son of God] How did the resurrection of Christ prove him to be the Son of God ] Is the resurrection of Christ elsewhere referred to as the great decisive evidence of the validity of all his claims] Acts 17: 31. 1 Cor. 15: 14, 17, 18. Acts 1: 22, (5) What did Paul receive from Christ] 13 What is meant hy grace and apostleship? fch. 15: 16^ 16. Eph. 3: 8. For what purpose did Paul receive this office 1 What does /or obedience to the faith meanl Was the commission of the apostles confined to any one nation ] What is here meant hj for his name? (6) Were the Romans embraced within the scope of Paul's commission 1 What is meant by the called of Jesus Christ P 1 Cor. 1: 24. Rev. 17; 14. Rom. 8: 30. Jude 1: 1. (7) With what is this verse to be connected'? ^ns. With V. 1. What does Paul here denominate Christians ] What does the expression called to be saints imply ? V. 1. 1 Cor. 1: 2. What does the word saints mean 1 How are men made saints, by an external or internal call] 1 Cor. 1: 24. Roiii. 8: 30. What is meant by grace and peace P From whom does Paul seek these blessings t Does Paul here pray to Jesus Christ] (8) How far does the introduction to the epistle, com- mencing with this verse, extendi For what does Paul commend the Romans'? Whom does he acknowledge as the author of their faith? What is implied in his calling God my God 1 Jer. 30; 22. Through whom does Paul render thanks to God ? Eph. 5; 20. Heb. 13: 15. John 14; 13. (9) What does Paul refer to as proof that he was thankful for the faith of the Romans 1 What is meant by saying God is my witness '? 2 Cor. 1: 23. Gal. 1: 20. Phil. 1: 8. How does Paul say he served (or worshipped) God ? What is meant by tvith my spirit ? How did Paul serve God in the gospel? B 14 Why is the gospel called the gospel of his Son ? (10) For what did Paul so constantly pray 1 What is meant here by the -will of God? Does Paul recognise the providence of God as extend- ing to all the affairs of life 1 (11) Why was Paul so desirous to visit Rome? What is meant by spiritual gifts ? v. 12. Why are such gifts called spiritual? Had the apostles the power of bestowing miraculous gifts] Acts 8: 17. 19: 6. (12) Did Paul expect to receive as well to impart good in his intercourse with his brethren] What is meant by the expression mutual faith? (13) Had Paul long intended to visit Rome] What had hitherto prevented his doing so] ch. 15: 21, 22. What is meant by having fruit ] (14) What is the meaning of the phrase I am debtor to the Greeks, &c.] What is the meaning of the word Barbarians ? Acts 28: 2, 4. Col. 3: 11 ; compare 1 Cor. 14: 11. In what sense is the word Greeks used here ] (15) What is the force of the word so, at the beginning of this verse ] Were there any reasons why preaching the gospel at Rome should be more trying, than preaching it in other places ] (16) Whence did Paul's readiness to preach the gospel arise] Why was he not ashamed of the gospel ] What is meant by the gospel's being the poiver of God? Acts 8: 10. 1 Cor. 1: 18, 24. What is it so powerful in effecting ] Whose salvation is effected by the gospel ] Is the efficacy of the gospel confined to any one class of men] I 15 In what sense was the gospel designed Jlrst for the Jews] Who are here intended by the Greeks P ch. 2: 9. 3: 9. Why did the apostles use the word Greek as equiva- lent to Gentile P (17) To what does Paul attribute the efficacy of the Gospel ? What is meant by the righteousness of God? Does it mean any of the divine attributes, or, his plan of justification, or, that righteousness, which God be- stows, and which is acceptable to him] see ch. 3: 21. 10: 3. Phil. 3: 9. <'The righteousness which is of God." How is this righteousness from or by faith ] What is meant by the phrase from faith to faith ? compare 2 Cor. 2: 16. What passage of scripture does Paul cite in confirma- tion of his doctrine] Habak. 2: 4. What is this passage quoted to prove, and how does it establish the point in hand ] Are we to read "the just by faith, shall live," or, " the just, shall live by faith]" What is meant by shall live? ch. 5: 17. 8: 13. 10: 5. Doctrines. What doctrinal instruction is contained in vs. 1 — 5, respecting the origin artd nature of the ministerial office] Was the gospel taught in the Old Testament] v. 2. What doctrine is taught in vs. 3, 4, respecting the na- ture of Christ] What is the nature of the Sonship of Christ] vs. 3, 4. What is taught in vs. 7, 8, respecting Christ] What is to be inferred from vs. 8 — 10, as to the nature of God, and the manner in which he is to be wor- shipped ] 16 What is taught in vs. 14, 15, respecting the duties of ministers ? What doctrine do vs. 16, 17 teach, as to the means of effecting the salvation of men 1 What is taught in v. 17, as to the source of the power of the gospel 1 JR em arks. What lesson may ministers learn as to their engaging in worldly pursuits, from the doctrine taught in v. 1 "! What ought to be the exercises of Christians towards Christ ] vs. 1—8. What are the duties and privileges involved in being saints'? v. 7. What lesson does Paul's manner of introducing this epistle teach us as to the way of presenting truth I vs. 8—14. Why are graces or Christian virtues ground for thank- fulness? V. 8. What does v. 12 teach us as to the object to be aimed at in Christian intercourse 1 What doctrine does v. 17 represent as the fundamental doctrine of the gospel ? What act does v. 17 teach us every man must perform in order to salvation 1 CHAP. 1: 18—32. 'sPor the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness, and unrighteousness of men, who hold the truth in unrighteousness : '^because that which may be known of God is manifest in them ; for God hath shewed it unto them. 2oFor the invisible things of him from the creation of the world are clearly seen, being understood by the tilings that are made, even his eternal power and Godliead : so that 17 they are without excuse, ^i^ecause that, when they knew God, they glorified him not as God, neither were thankful, but hecame vain in their imaginations, and their fooHsh heart was darkened : 22pj-ofessing them- selves to be wise, they became fools, ^^and changed the glory of the uncorruptible God into an im^age made like to coiTuptible man, and to birds, and to four-footed beasts, and creeping things. 24 Wherefore God also gave them up to uncleanness through the lusts of their own hearts, to dishonour their own bodies between them- selves: 25who changed the truth of God into a lie, and worshipped and served the creature more than the Creator, who is blessed for ever. Amen. 26^01- this cause God gave them up unto vile affections : for even then- women did change the natural use into that which is against nature: 27and likewise also the men, leaving the natural use of the women, burned in their lust one towards another ; men with men working that which is unseemly, and receiving in themselves that re- compense of their error which w'as meet. 2SAnd even as they did not like to retain God in their knowledge, God gave them over to a reprobate mind, to do those things w'hich are not convenient; 2Sbeing filled with all unrighteousness, fornication, wickedness, covetous- ness, maliciousness ; full of envy, murder, debate, deceit, malignity, whisperers, ^cbackbiters, haters of God, de- spiteful ; proud, boasters, inventors of evil things, dis- obedient to parents, ^Hvithout understanding, covenant- breakers, without natural affection, implacable, unmer- ciful : 32who knowing the judgment of God, that they which commit such things are worthy of death, not only do the same, but have pleasure in them that do them; Analysis. What had Paul stated in the preceding verses ? Ajis. That the only righteousness available in the sight of God, is that which is attained by faith. 18 How does he prove this 1 Aiis. By showing that God is just, and that all men are sinners. What is the immediate design of this section 1 What principle is laid down in v. 18 ? What charges does the apostle establish agamst the Gentiles ? How does he prove that they are justly chargeable v^rith impiety 1 Have they enjoyed such a revelation of the divine per- fections as to render them inexcusable] vs. 19, 20. Did they act in conformity with their knowledge of God? vs. 21— 23. What was the consequence of their apostacy from God ] vs. 24—31. Pid they commit the crimes charged upon them igno- rantly 1 v. 32. Commejitary. (18) What is the force of the word for in this verse, or, how does this verse confirm the doctiine of the preceding ones 1 What is meant by the wrath of God ? How is this wrath revealed ] What is meant by saying that it is revealed from heaven 1 What is it revealed against 1 How do the words ungodliness and unnghteoiisness differ? Does Paul prove or assume that God will punish sin? On what ground is the punitive justice of God taken for granted ? What is meant by the truth in this verse ? Ans. That which is true and right ; religion ; see Jolm 8: 32. Rom. 2: 20. 2 Cor. 4: 2. John 3: 21. 1 John 1: 6. What is meant by holding the truth in unrighteous- ness ? Ans. Wickedly opposing the truth ; or, hav- ing the truth together with unrighteousness; com- pare James 2: 1. 19 (19) What is the force o^ smce at the beginning of this verse? .his. Their conduct is wicked, since they knew better. What is meant by that which may be Imown of God 1 What is meant by m them ] Does Paul refer to an external revelation merely ? What is the force of the clause " for God hath showed it unto them]" Is the knowledge, of which Paul speaks, discovered by reason, or is it a revelation 1 (20) What is this verse designed to confirm 1 What are the invisible things of God 1 What is meant by his eternal power and Godhead T How are these invisible things seen 1 What is meant by " the things that are made" or done 1 Has this revelation always been made 1 Is it sufficient to render the neglect of God inexcusable 1 (21) What is this verse designed to prove 1 ..ins. That the ungodUness of men is inexcusable. Why is it inexcusable ? What is meant by the clause "when they knew Godi" Do the heathen actually know God ? In what respects did the heathen act contrary to their knowledge ? What is meant by " not glorifying God as God 1" What is meant by the clause " Neither were thankful 1" What were the consequences of this neglect of God? What is meant by their becoming vain in their imagi- nations ] What does the word imaffinations here mean ? In what sense is the word foolish here used] v. 21. ch. 10: 19. What does the clause " their foolish heart was darken- ed" mean ] Ans. Their soul lost all proper appre- hensions of the divine character and perfections. Does the word heart elsewhere mean the soul ? Matt. 13: 15. Rom. 10: 10. 2 Cor. 4: 6. 20 (^2) Were they i=;ensible of their folly 1 What did they profess to be ? What were they in reality 1 Have men always evinced pride and folly united when they depart from God ? (23) Wherein did the great folly of the heathen con- sist? What is meant by the phrase " glory of the incorrupti- ble God?" What does the clause " they changed the glory of God into an image, &c." mean 1 .^ns. They exchanged the glorious God for idols. Jer. 2: 11. Hos. 4: 6.^ Ps. 106: 20. Did the ancient heathen actually worship men, beasts, and reptiles 1 Did they worship the idols themselves, or the idols as symbols of the divine Being ? Is it idolatry to worship God through the medium of idols, of men, and animals ? (24) How did God express his displeasure on account of the idolatry of the heathen ] What is meant by God's delivering men up to sin ? Ps. 51: 11. H6s. 4: 17. Rom. 9: 18. 2 Thess 2: 11, 12. Is this abandonment of sinners by God a punishment ? W^hat did God abandon them to 1 Ans. To their own evil passions. (25) Why did God thus give them up 1 Jlns. Because they changed, &c. What is meant by changing the truth of God into a lie 1 Ans. They exchanged the true God for .false Gods. Why are idols called a lie 1 What is the difference here between the words -worship and serve ? What is meant by their worshipping the creature more than the Creator ? Ans. Instead of the Creator. 21 What led Paul in view of the wickedness and folly of the heathen to call God "blessed for ever]" What does the word Amen mean 1 (28) What is meant by not liking to retain God in their knowledge ] Ajis. They did not tliink it worth while to retain the knowledge of God. To what did God give them up ] What is a reprobate mind 1 What is meant by things which are not convenient } Alls. Things not becoming the nature or duties of man. (29 — 31) Have the crimes here specified always pre- vailed among the heathen 1 (32) Do they commit these things ignorantly ? How do they know these things to be wrong 1 What is meant by the judgment of God '? Ans. His will, his law. Are they aware of what sin deserves ? What is meant by death ? ch. 6 : 23. Whence do the heathen derive the knowledge here spoken of? Are these sms committed only under the excitement of passion 1 What evidence does Paul give that they sin deliberately? Doctrines. What is taught in v. 18 respecting the punitive justice of God ] Is the intrinsic ill-desert of sin a self-evident truth 1 vs. 18, 32. Has God ever left men without instruction as to his own character and the rule of duty 1 vs. 1 9, 20, 32. Do verses 21 — 23 teach that natural religion is a suffi- cient guide to salvation ] Does experience teach that the heathen need the gospel, in order to lead them to God 1 vs. 21 — 23. 22 What doctrine do vs. 24, 26, 28 teach respecting the judicial abandonment of men ] What do verses 24 — 28 teach respecting the connexion between irreUgion and immorality ] What doctrine does v. 32 teach respecting conscience > Remarks. What do vs. 18, 32, teach, as to the folly of palliating our sins ? In what way ought we to look upon the works of God > vs. 18—21. What lesson as to the imbecility of the human intellect does the passage vs. 21 — 23 teach 1 In what light ought we to view our sins if even the sins of the heathen are inexcusable ] vs. 20 — 23. What do vs. 24 — 28 teach us as to the ground of our security from gross sins 1 What does v. 32 teach as to the sin of taking pleasure in those that do evil > CHAPTER II. W^hat is the design of tliis chapter ? Of how many parts does it consist ? Ans. Three ; vs. 1_16, vs. 17—24, vs. 25—29. What are the contents of each ^ CHAP. 2: 1—16. ^Therefore thou art inexcusable, O man, whosoever thou art that judgest: for wherein thou judgest an- other, thou condemnest thyself; for thou that judgest, doest the same things. ^^\xi we are sure that the judgment of God is according to truth, against them 23 which commit such things. 3 \nd thinkest thou this, O man, that judgest them which do such things, and doest the same, that thou shalt escape the judgment of God ■? ''Or despisest thou the riches of his goodness and forbearance and long-suffering, not knowing that the goodness of God leadeth thee to repentance ] ^Bxit, after thy hardness and impenitent heart, treasurest up unto thyself wrath against the day of wrath, and reve- lation of the righteous judgment of God ; ^^ho will render to every man according to his deeds : '^to them, who, by patient continuance in well doing, seek for glory and honour and immortality, eternal life: -but unto them that are contentious, and do not obey the truth, but obey unrighteousness ; indignation and wrath, stribulation and anguish, upon every soul of man that doeth evil, of the Jew first, and also of the Gentile: ''■'but glory, honour, and peace, to every man that worketh good, to the Jew first, and also to the Gentile : "For there is no respect of persons with God. ^^por as many as have sinned without law, shall also perish without law : and as many as have sinned in the law shall be judged by the law; i3(for not the hearers of the law are just before God, but the doers of the law shall be justified. '-^For when the Gentiles, which have not the law, do by nature the things contained in the law, these, having not the law, are a law unto themselves: i^which show the work of the law written in their hearts, their conscience also bearing witness, and their thoughts the mean while accusing or else excusing one another,) i^in the day when God shall judge the secrets of men, by Jesus Christ, according to my gospel. Analysis. Were the Jews ready to admit that the wicked heathen would be punished 1 Were they ready to admit the same rules of judgment respecting themselves 1 24 'What is Paul's design in this section ? .9ns. To make such an exhibition of the principles of divine justice as would convince the Jews of their exposui-e to con- demnation. What is the first of these principles ] v. 1. What is the second "? v. 2. What is the third 1 vs. 3—5. What is the fourth ? vs. 6—11. What is the fifth 1 v. 12. When are men to be judged on these principles 1 v. 16, What are vs. 13 — 15 designed to prove"? Co?nmeniary. (1) What was the principal dependence of the Jew 7 ^ns. The covenant of God with Abraham. Did they expect to be treated on the same principles of justice with other men 1 What course does the apostle take to secure the assent of the Jews to the principles which he here lays down 1 Ans. By stating them in general terms be- fore making any special application of them to the Jews. W^hat is the connexion between this verse and the preceding chapter indicated by the word therefore ? Jins. Since those who commit sin know they are worthy of death (v. 32), therefore he is inexcusable who, recognising the ill-desert of sin by condemning others, yet sins himself. How does it appear that the Jew is specially intended in this passage 1 vs. 9, 10, 17, &c. What does the word judge here mean ? What is the meaning here of the words in that ? What is the general truth taught here? Jlns. That the ground of condemnation is the nature of the thing done, not the peculiar circumstances of the person who does it. What is meant by the judgment of God } 25 (2) What is meant by according to the truth P AtiS, According to the real state of the case. God's de- cisions are just, and according to the true standard, V. 11. John 8: 15, 16. Against whom are his judgments directed 1 Does it matter whether these tilings are committed by Jew or Gentile 1 (3) Did the Jews think to escape though they com- mitted the sins which they condemned in others ] Does this interrogation imply a denial that such per- sons can escape \ Why cannot they escape ] (4) On what ground did the Jews expect to escape ? Matt. 3 : 9. John 8 : 33. Rom. 9 : 7, 8. What is the force of the word or here! Ans. Or, admitting the general principle stated above, do you expect to escape on the ground of God's peculiar goodness towards j^ou? What does the word riches here mean 1 2 Cor. 8 : 2. Eph. 1 : 7. 2 : 7. What is the meaning of the words goodness, forbear- ance, and long-suffering ? How is the goodness of God despised] Jlns. By abusing it so as to make it a ground of security in sin. What is the meaning here of the words not laioxving ? What is the goodness of God designed to do 1 Does it actually lead men to repentance 1 (5) What is the consequence of the abuse of the divine goodness ] What is meant by " after thy hardness and impenitent heart?" Ans. Through, under the influence of thy hard and impenitent heart. What does the expression treasure up mean ? Amos 3: 10. What do the abusers of God's mercy treasure up 1 What is meant by the day of wrath"? Zeph. 1 : 15 Rev. 6; 17. C 26 Why is the dav of judgment specially so called ? iThess. 1: 8—10. What is the general truth taught in verses 3 — 5 > Ans. That the goodness of God will not secure im- punity to sinners, but its abuse will aggravate their condeumation. (6) To whom will God render according to their deeds? What is the ground on which Jews and Gentiles are to be judged 1 (7) What will he render to the good 1 How are the good described ? What is meant by a patient continuance in well doing? Wliat do the good seek after ] How do they seek to attain a glorious immortality 1 (8) What will God render to the wicked ? How are the vricked described ] What is the meaning of the word contentious in this place 1 Ans. Disobedient, 1 S^m. 12 : 14, 15. Deut. 21 : 20. WTiat is meant by the truth here ? ch. 1 : 18. (9, 10) Do these verses teach the same doctrine with the tv\-o preceding ones ? What shall be rendered to every soul of man ? Wliat do tribulation and anguish mean ? What is meant by every soul of man ? ch. 13: 1. Acts 2: 41. Num. 19: 11. What is meant by the Jew first ? Ans. The Jew es- pecially. What shall be rendered to those that do good ? What is meant by peace ? ch. 1: 7. Are the Jews (or those who have great advantages), when faithful, to be more highly rewarded than others ? see the parable of the ten talents. (11) Why will God thus deal on the same principles with all men ? What is meant by respect of persons? Gen. 19: 21. Levit. 19: 15. Prov. 24: 23. Eph. 6: 9. James 2: 1. 27 What is the general truth taught in vs. 6 — 11 > Ans. That God will impartially judge all men according to their works. (12) What further proof does the apostle give of God's impartiality 1 What is meant by sinning without law } What does the clause " shall perish without law" here mean? What is meant by sinning in the law ? Ans. Under a special revelation. In what sense is the word judged to be taken here ? Ans. Condemned. According to what standard are such persons to be tried and punished ? What is the general truth here taught ? Ans. That men shall be judged according to the knowledge they have severally enjoyed. (13) Why shall those who have the law be condemned if they break it ? Ans. Because the possession of the law is not sufficient to justify us before God. W^hy does Paul say hearers instead of readers of the law ? What does the phrase just before God mean } Who does Paul say shall be justified ? Does he here teach that men are justified by works ? What then is the principle he means to teach ? (14) What is the design of this and the following verse ? Ans. To show that those who have no writ- ten revelation, have a rule of duty by wliich they may be judged. What is this rule ^ How does Paul prove that the Gentiles have such a rule? What is meant by their doing the things contained in the law ? How are they led to do what is right ? What is meant here by iiature? 28 (15) What is the force of the word -uhich in this con- nexion ? Ans. They are the law unto them, because they show, &c. What do they show ? What is meant by the work of the law ? Ayis. That which the law produces, viz. a knowledge of right and wrong. Why is this knowledge said to be written on their hearts ? What farther proof is there that the Gentiles are a law unto themselves ? To what do their consciences bear witness } In what does this testimony of their consciences consist? Jiiis. In the approving and disapproving judgments of their own minds. What is meant here by their thoughts } (16) With what is this verse to be connected.^ Ans. With verse 12. When are men to be judged ? What are then to be judged? By whom are men to be judged? John 5 : 22. Acts 17: 31. W^hat does Paul say is according to the gospel ? Ans. The fact that men are to be thus judged by Jesus Christ. DoctHnes. What is the leading doctrine of this section ? What do verses 2, 3 teach of the dependence wliich men are so disposed to place on their connexion with the church ? What effect is the goodness of God adapted to produce, and what will be the result of the abuse of that goodness? vs. 3 — 5. What do vs. 6 — 10 teach as to the destiny of men ? What account is given in v. 7 of the nature of that oT.r.rinn'7 What is meant by the word letter here? Ans. What is written, i. e. the law, v. 29, ch. 7 : 6. 2 Cor. 3 : 6. 33 What does by the letter, &c. here mean ? ^tis. With the written law, i. e. possessed of it. (28) Why is the external rite of circumcision of so little avail ? How do vs. 28 and 29 differ > Ans. The one expresses the sentiment negatively, wliich the other expresses affirmatively. What is the meaning of the word Je-w here ? v. 17. What is meant by being a Jew outwardly ? What circumcision is it that Paul says is not the true circumcision .-* (29) Who is a genuine Jew, or child of God ? WTiat is meant here by inivardly ? What circumcision does Paul commend? compare Deut. 10: 16. 30: 6. What does in the spint mean } What does in the letter mean? Ans. According to the letter, literal. To what does the word -whose here refer ? What is meant by saying, his praise is not of men, but of God? Doctrines. What doctrine is taught in v. 17 as to the value of church-membership ? What do vs. 18 — 20 teach as to the value of know- ledge considered as the ground of confidence towards God? What is the effect of superior knowledge in relation to the guih of sin? vs. 18—20. What do vs. 22 — 24 teach as to the sins of the profess- ing people of God ? What does v. 25 teach as to the nature of a sacrament ? Can the sacraments of the church save men ? vs. 26, 27. What is taught in vs. 28, 29, as to the nature of true religion ? Remarks. What practical lesson should v. 17 teach us ? What effect ought knowledge to produce upon us ? vs. 18—19. How ought the doctrine impUed in vs. -23, 24 to affect us? What warning ought we to derive from the dependence of the Jews on circumcision ? How are the sacraments of the church to be regarded,^ vs. 26, &c. What value ought we to set on the approbation of men ? V. 29. CHAPTER III. Of how many parts does this chapter consist ? vs. 1 — 8, a brief refutation of the objections of the Jews ; vs. 9 — 20, confirmation from scripture of the universal guilt of men ; vs. 21 — 31, an exposition of the gospel method of justitication. CHAP. 3 : 1—8. iWhat advantage then hath the Jew ? or what profit is there of circumcision ? ^Much every way : chiefly, because that unto them were committed the oracles of God. 3For what, if some did not believe > Shall their unbelief make the faith of God without effect ? -^God forbid: yea, let God be true, but every man a liar; as it is written. That thou mightest be justified in thy sayings, and mightest overcome when thou art judged. 5But if our unrighteousness commend the righteousness of God, what shall we say r* Is God unrighteous, who taketh vengeance > (I speak as a man.) ^God forbid ; 35 for then how shall God judge the world ? ''For if thci truth of God hath more abounded through my lie unto his glory, why yet am I also judged as a sirmer ? ^And not rather (as we be slanderously reported, and as some affirm that we say) Let us do evil, that good may come? whose damnation is just. Analysis. What is the first objection of the Jew ? v. 1. Does Paul admit that the Jews had many advantages ? V. 2. What is the second objection ? Ans. That God having promised to save the Jews, their unfaithfulness, if admitted, would not make the promise of God of no effect, V, 3. How does Paul answer this objection? Ans. He admits that God will be faithful to his promise, but shows that the principle on which the Jews expected the divine favour is false, vs. 4, 5. How does he show this ? Ans. By showing that if it was correct God would not punish even the Gentiles, vs. 5, 6, 7 ; and that it leads to the absurdity that we may do evil that good may come, v. 8. Commentary. (1) Does Paul's doctrine lead to the conclusion that the Jews had no advantage over the Gentile ? Who supposed that this was the result of his doc- trine ? Is there any difference in the meaning of the two ques- tions contained in this verse ? (2) How does Paul answer the objection presented in the first verse ? What was the chief advantage of the Jews ? What is meant by the oracles of God ? Acts 7 : 38. Heb. 5: 12. 36 (3) Does this verse express the sentiment of the apos- tle, or of an objector ? What is the objection ? What is here meant by the words did not believe and unbelief? To what were the Jews unfaithful ? What does this include ? What does the expression " faith of God" here mean > What is meant by the faithfulness of God to his promise being made of no effect ? (4) How does Paul answer the objection presented in V. 3? Does he admit that the promise of God to the Jews would be broken if they are condemned ? How ought the words rendered God forbid to be trans- lated ? Ans. Let it not be ; far from it. In what sense are the words true and liar to be here taken ? Ans. Faithful and unfaithful. What is the sentiment expressed by this passage ? Ans. That the fidehty of God must be admitted, whatever be the consequence. With what view does Paul quote Ps. 51 : 4 ? Ans. Simply to show that David had expressed the same sentiment. What is the meaning of God's being justified in his sayings ? What does his overcoming when he is judged mean ? (5) What do the words unrighteousness and righteous- ness here mean ? What does the word commend mean ? see ch. 5 : 8. Who supposed that because the unfaithfulness of men makes God's fidelity the more conspicuous, it would be unjust in God to punish them ? Does this verse then express the sentiment of the apostle or of an objector } What does Paul mean by saying I speak as a man? ch. 6: 19. 1 Cor. 9: 8. Gal. 3; 16. 37 Why does he use this expression here ? (6) How is this verse an answer to the prececQng one ? What is meant by the -world here ? What does the vf ox A judge here mean > Were the Jews prepared to admit that God would punish the wicked Gentiles ? (7) What is the purport of this verse ? Arts. It is a repetition in a more definite form of the objection presented in v. 5. What is meant by the expressions " the truth of God> and " my lie ?" What is the meaning of " hath abounded ?" Jins. Is rendered the more conspicuous. What does unto his glory mean ? In what sense is the word jtcdged here Used ? (8) How does Paul answer the preceding objection ? Ans. By showing that it leads to an absurdity. What absurdity does it lead to ? How does it lead to this absurdity ? What word must be supplied at the beginning of this verse ? Ans. Say, ' Why not say at once, Let us do e\'il, &c.' What is meant by " slanderously reported ?" Whose condemnation does Paul say is just ? Can it ever be right to do evil that good may come ? What did Paul design to prove by all his argument ? Ans. That the Jews could not expect exemption from punishment on the groimd of being God's peculiar people. Doctrines. What do vs. 1, 2, teach us as to the advantage of being connected with the church of God ? What is the great advantage of Christian over heathen countries ? v. 2. What does v. 2 teach as to the authority of the Jewish scriptures? D 38 Can any promise of God be properly urged as a grounti of security in sin ? vs. 3, 4. How will the sins of men be made to promote the glory of God? vs. 5, 6. What test of the truth of any doctrine is suggested by V. 8 ? Remarks. What lesson do vs. 1,2 teach as to the responsibility of those who have the word of God ? Wliat criterion of piety is suggested by vs. 4, 5 ? What common dependence of sinners is shown, by vs. 6, 7, to be false > Arts. That God will not be strict to mark iniquity. CHAP. 3: 9—20. 9What then ? are we better than they P No, in no wise: for we have before proved both Jews and Gentiles, that they are all under sin; '"as it is written, There is none righteous, no, not one: n there is none that under- standeth, there is none that seeketh after God. i^They are all gone out of the way, they are together become unprofitable; there is none that doeth good, no, not one. i^Their throat is an open sepulchre ; with their tongues they have used deceit ; the poison of asps is imder their lips : i^whose mouth is full of cursing and bitterness. i^Their feet are swift to shed blood: ^^de- struction and misery are in their ways : I'and the way of peace have they not known : '^there is no fear of God before their eyes. '^Now we know that what things soever the law saith, it saith to them who are . under the law ; that every mouth may be stopped, and all the world may become guilty before God. ^oThere- fore by the deeds of the law there shall no flesh be justified in his sight : for by the law is the knowledge of sin. 39 Analysis. What is the connexion between this passage and the preceding one ? What conclusion does the apostle draw in v. 9 ? How does he confirm this conclusion ? What are these passages from the Old Testament de- signed to prove ? What conclusion does the apostle draw in v. 19 from the whole discussion ? What is the neccessary consequence, as stated in v. 20, of the universal guilt of men ? Commentary. What is the force of the question What then ? Who are intended by we in the next clause ? What is meant by the question, Are we better than they ? Ans. Are we better off? are we more fa- vourably situated ? Why are not the Jews more favourably situated than the Gentiles as regards their justification } What charge had the apostle sustained against both Jews and Gentiles ? What is meant by being under sin ? (10) How does Paul confirm this charge ? Do the passages here quoted occur in any one place in the Old Testament ? Ps. 14 and 53. Ps. 5: 9. Ps. 10: 7. Is. 59: 7, 8. Ps. 36: 1. To whom do these passages refer in the Old Testament? How do they estabUsh the doctrine that all men are un- der sin ? Ans. Because one portion of them describe human nature, and the other refer to specific sins only as proof that this nature is corrupt. What is meant by saying there is none righteous ? (11) What is meant by the word under standeth in this place? compare ch. 1: 21. Prov. 4: 1,5, 7. What does seeking after God mean ? 40 How does seeking God flow from understanding divine things'? (12) What is meant by going out of the way ? What way is here intended ? What is the consequence of this apostacy ? What is meant by unprojitahle ? Ps. 14: 3. (13, 14) To what class of sins do these verses relate? What is the point of the comparison in the expression " there throat is an open sepulchre ?" Ps. 5 : 9. What sins are intended in the two latter clauses of this verse ? v. 13. Why is slander compared to the poison of asps } W hat is meant by cursing and bitterness } (15 — 17) What class of sins is referred to in these verses ? What sin is referred to in v. 15 } What is meant by destruction and misery beiiig in their way ? What is meant by the way of peace ? In what sense is the word knoion here used? Ps. 1: 6. (18) What is meant by the fear of God ? Prov. 1: 7' Job. 28. 28. What does the phrase to be before the eyes mean ? (19) What does the word laxv mean? Ans. Rule of duty. The corresponding Hebrew word means in- struction. What law is here intended? Who are intended by the expression " those under the law?" What conclusion has the apostle now arrived at ? What is meant by every mouth being stopped ? Does the expression the -whole -world include both Jews and Gentiles 1 ..^ WJiat is meant by bein* guilty before God ? (20) What conclusion does Paul draw from the uni- versal guilt of men ? What is meant by no flesh ? 41 What Is the meaning of the woxdi justified? How does Paul say men cannot be justified ? How does this follow h-om their being guilty ? What law is here intended > Ans. The universal rule of duty, ch. 7: 7, 12. How can this be proved ? What works are here intended ? Ans. All works which the law prescribes ; whether performed before or after regeneration, 2 Tim. 1: 9. Tit. 3: 5. If the law cannot justify, what is it designed for ? What is meant by the knowledge of sin .-* How does the law produce conviction of sin ? Doctrines. In what respect does v. 9 teach that all men are upon a level ? What doctrine do vs. 10 — 18 teach as to the applicable- ness of the declarations of scripture respecting the character of men, to men of all ages of the world ^ W hat is the doctrine of scripture as to the moral state of men ? v. 19. What is taught in vs. 10 — 12 as to the connexion be- tween piety and morality ? What is the proper office of the law ? v. 20. Remarks. What lesson should v. 9 teach us > In what light ought we to view the scriptures, and how ought we to read them ? vs. 10 — 18. What is necessary in order to the proper receptioh of the gospel 1 v. 20. CHAP. 3: 21—31. 2iBut now the righteousness of God without the law is manifested, being witnessed by the law and the pro- phets ; 22even the righteousness of God, -which is by faith of Jesus Christ, unto all and upon all them that D* 42 believe : for there is no difference ; ^sfor all have sinned, and come short of the glory of God ; 24being justified freely by his grace, through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus : 25whom God hath set forth to be a propi- tiation through faith in liis blood, to declare his righte- ousness for the remission of sins that are past, through the forbearance of God ; ^eto declare, I say, at this time, his righteousness : that he might be just, and the justi- fier of him which believeth in Jesus. 27Where is boast- ing then 1 It is excluded. By what law ? of works ] Nay ; but by the law of faith. ^sTherefore we conclude that a mam is justified by faith without the deeds of the law. 29/^ fie the God of the Jews only 1 is he not also of the Gentiles? Yes, of the Gentiles also: sogeeing ?Y is one God, which shall justify the circumcision by faith, and uncircumcision through faith. ^iDo we then make void the law through faith ] God forbid : yea, we estab- lish the law. Analysis. What is the design of this section 1 Ans. To exhibit the gospel method of justification. What is taught respecting its nature in vs. 21, 22? Ans. It is not by works, but by faith. What else does v. 22 teach respecting its nature "? Ans. It is applicable to all men. What is taught in v. 24 as to this point ? Ans. That it is entirely gratuitous. W^hat is the ground of the justification which it prppo- ses ? Am. The sacrifice of Christ. ^jj^^hat is the object of this method of justification ? Ans. ' '^' To reconcile the exercise of mercy with the divine justice, V. 26. What are its results? A^is. It. huaalJes ;]tnan, vs. ,27, 28. It presents God in his tme character, and lays the foundation for an universal religion, vs. 29, 30. It establishes, th^ law, v. 31. Commentary. (21) What is the force of the words but noiv in this verse ? see v. 26. What is meant by righteousness of God here ? Ans. That righteousness wiiich God gives and wliich is acceptable to him, ch. 1: 17. Phil. 3 : 9. What is meant by this righteousness being without the law > What is the meaning of the word -witnessed in tliis verse ? What is meant by the lav/ and the prophets 1 Matt. 5: 17. 7: 12. Acts. 13: 15. What are the two particulars respecting the righteous- ness of God taught in this verse 1 (22) What is meant by this righteousness bemg by faith ? Who is the object of this faith 1 What word must be supplied before the expression unto all? Ans, Revealed, or comes, or some equivalent term. Is there any difference between unto all, and upon all 1 Ans. No ; it is revealed to all, absolutely all, without exception. Why is this righteousness suited to all 1 Ans. Because there is no difference in the relation of men, as sin- ners, to God. (2.3) Why is there no difference in this respect among men What is meant by their coming short of the glory of Godi John 12: 43, or Rom. 5: 2. (24) As all men are sinners, haw are they justified? Ans. 1. Freely; 2. through the redemption of Christ. What is meant by " freely by his grace]" What is the ground of our justification '? What is the proper meaning of the word redemption 1 44 ^ns. Deliverance effected by the payment of a ransom. In what sense is it used when spoken of the work of Christ? Eph. 1: 7. Heb. 9: 15. 1 Tim. 2: 6. Matt. 20: 28. 1 Peter 1: 18. What is meant by the phrase "that is in Christ Jesus 1" Ans. Which has been made by him. (25) What is the design of this verse 1 What is meant by God's setting forth Christ"? As what was Christ thus publicly exhibited! ^ns. As a propitiatory sacrifice. What are the connexion and meaning of the clause "through faith in his blood 1" Am. A sacrifice which is effectual through faith in his blood. What office is here assigned to faith as connected with our justification'? What is the object of the atonement of Christ \ What is meant here by the word declare ? What does the whole phrase " to declare his righteous- ness" mean ? see v. 26. What other objects was Christ's death designed to an- swer] see Eph. 3: 10, 11. Tit. 2: 14. Eph. 2: 15, 16. Gal. 1: 4, &c. &c. What does the phrase ^'■for the remission of sins" here mean ? Ans. On account of their having been re- mitted. What class of sins is intended by " sins that are past?" Ans. Sins committed under the former dispensation. Heb. 9: 15; see the next verse. What is meant by "through the forbearance of God?" Ans. During the time of God's forbearance ; compare Acts 17: 30. What is the meaning of this whole verse ? (26) What is meant here by the words at this time ? compare v. 25. With what is the second clause of this verse in sense connected ? Ans. With the first clause of v. 25. 45 What is meant by God's being just ? ETow'is (jfod seen to be just in the justification of be- lievers 1 How is the justice of God reconciled with his mercy in "the pardon of those that believe 1 What is the force of a7id heiel Ans. Although. (27) What result of the gospel plan of salvation is here mentioned ] What is meant by boastmg] How is this excluded 1 What is the meaning of the phrase "law of faith 1" Atis. That law or rule which prescribes faith. What is meant by the law of works'? (28) What is the connexion of this verse with the pre- ceding? What is meant by a man's bemg justified without the works of the law 1 (29, 30) In what sense was God the God of the Jewsl What is meant by his being the God of the Gentiles ] How does it appear that he stands in the same relation to all classes of men ] Jins. Because he justifies all on the same terms. What result of the gospel method of salvation is pre- sented in these verses ] Is there any difference in the import of the expressions by faith and through faith "? (30) What result of the plan of justification is here mentioned"? In what sense is the word laxv to be here taken ? How does the gospel establish the law "? Doctrines. What is taught in vs. 24 — 26 respecting justification 1 What is the ground of a sinner's justification before God ! V. 25. 46 What does v. 25 teach as the great end of God in all his works I What does v. 26 teach as to the nature and design of the atonement of Christ? What is the tendency of all true religion 1 v. 27. In what relation do vs. 29, 30 represent God as stand- ing to all men 1 What may be learnt from v. 30 as to the nature of the divine law 1 Remarks. What does v. 25 teach us is the first duty of sinners who hear the gospel 1 What effect must the justice of God produce on us be- fore we can sincerely embrace the offer of pardon % What ought we to make the great end of all our ac- tions? V. 25. What effect ought the doctrine of atonement to have upon us? vs. 25 — 31. How does it appear that the gospel does not destroy our obhgation to obey the law ? v. 31. CHAPTER IV. Of how many parts does this chapter consist? Ans. Two, vs. 1 — 17, a confirmation of the doctrine of jus- tification by faith; and vs. 18 — 25, an illustration from the faith of Abraham. CHAP. 4: 1—17. iWhat shall we say then that Abraham, our father, as pertaining to the flesh, hath found? ^For if Abra- 47 ham were justified by works, he hath xvhereof to glory ;' but not before God. ^For what saith the Scripture? Abraham beUeved God, and it was counted unto him for righteousness. ^jvfQ^y ^^ yj^ ^^^ worketh is the re- ward not reckoned of grace, but of debt. =But to him that worketh " not, but believeth on him that justifieth the ungodly, his faith is counted for righteousness. ^Even as David also describeth the blessedness of the man unto whom God imputeth righteousness without works, ''saying, Blessed are they whose iniquities are forgiven, and whose sins are covered. ^Blessed is the man to whom the Lord will not impute sin. 9 Cometh this blessedness then upon the circumcision 07ily, or upon the uncircumcision alsol for we say that faith was reckoned to Abraham for righteousness. ii^How was it then reckoned 1 when he was in circumcision or in uncir- cumcision'? Not in circumcision, but in uncircumci- sion. 11 And he received the sign of circumcision ; a seal of the righteousness of the faith which he had, yet being uncircumcised ; that he might be the father of all them that believe, though they be not circumcised; that right- eousness might be imputed unto them also: i-and the father of circumcision to them who are not of the cir- cumcision only, but who also walk in the steps of that faith of our father Abraham, which he had, being yet uncircumcised. ^^Yot the promise, that he should be the heir of the world, -was not to Abraham, or to his seed, through the law, but through the righteousness of faith. i-*For if they which are of the law be heirs, faith is made void, and the promise made of none effect: i%ecause the law worketh wrath: for where no law is, there is no transgression. ^^Therefore it is of faith, that it might be by grace ; to the end that the promise might be sure to all the seed ; not to that only which is of the law, but to that also which is of the faith of Abra- ham, who is the Father of us all, ''(as it is written, I have made thee a father of many nations,) before him whom he beUcved, even God, who quickeneth the deady 48 and calleth those things which be not as though they ; Anahjsis. "What is the first argument in favour of the doctrine of justification by faith? Am. The example of Abra- ham, vs. 1 — 5. How does Paul prove that Abraham was justified by faith? Ans. By two arguments, v. 2 and v. 3. What is the design of vs. 4, 5. Ans. To show that to be justified by faith is tantamount to being justified gratuitously. What is the second argument for the doctrine of justi- fication by faith? Ans. Ps. 31: 1, 2, where David speaks of the gratuitous acceptance of the unworthy. What is the design of the third argument, vs. 9 — 12 ? Ans. To show that circumcision is unnecessary. What is the third argument ? Ans. The nature of the covenant formed with Abraham, vs. 13, 14. What is the fourth ? Aiis. The nature of llie law, vs. 15—17. Commentary. (1) What is the point of the question contained in this verse ? Ans. How was it with Abraham ? Was he justified by works ? With what are the words as pertaining to the fiesh to be connected ? Ans. With the woxA found. What do they here mean ? Ayis. As to, or by means of the flesh. What is meant in this case by the flesh ? Ans. All legal obedience ; see the next verse, and Gal. 3: 3. 6: 12. Phil. 3: 3, 4. (2) To what does for, at the beginning of this verse, refer > Ans. To the negative answer which must be supplied to the question in the first. 49 How does Paul prove that he was not thus justified ? W^hat is meant by liis ha%-ing whereof to gloiy ? \Yhat assumption does this argument rest upon 1 (3) What other argument does Paul advance to show that Abraham was not justified by works ? What was imputed to Abraham 1 What is the meanmg of the w^ord impute 1 Lev. 17: 18. 2 Sam. 19: 19. Ps. 32: 2. 2 Cor. 5: 19. Rom. 4: 6, 10. For what puqiose was faith imputed to him ? .ins. For righteousness, i. e. m order that he might become righteous, or be justified; compare ch. 10: 4, 10. Is faith itself the gromid of our justification ? Why not ? What is that gromid.^ ch. 3: 25. 5: 19. PMl. 3: 9. (4, 5) What is the design of these verses ] What is meant by the expression " he that werketh ?" A\'hat does the phrase "is not reckoned of grace'^ mean ? What does " reckoned of debt" mean ? AVho is meant by the phrase " he that worketh ?" What is the condition of acceptance, if works are not ? AYhat is meant by belie^■ing on liim that justifieth the ungodh- ] How can the ungodly be justified ? Does justification, of itself, change the moral character of men? \\ hat is the personal character of those who are ac- cepted for Cluist's sake > To what does the last clause of v. 5, " faith is imputed for righteousness," stand opposed ? ^ns. To the reward being of debt in v. 4. What does this prove > Ami. That to be justified by faith is to be justified gratuitously. (6) What is the apostle's second argument in favour of justification by faith ? E 50 Where is this testimony of Da^^d recorded ? Ps. 32.- How does this passage prove the apostles doctrinal A71S. Because it speaks of gratuitous acceptance. What is meant by imputing righteousness 1 To whom does the Psahnist say God imputes righteous-- ness ? Ans. To those who have no works. (7) Whom does the Psahnist pronounce blessed 1 (8) What is meant by not imputing sin 1 (9) What is the third argument agamst justification by works ? How far does this argument extend 7 What is meant by the phrase " cometh this blessedness upon?" What is the purport of the apostle's question ? Does he mean to ask whether the Jews alone are to be justified, or, whether circumcision is necessary to jus- tification 1 What is the force of for before the second clause of this verse ? Ans. It indicates the resumption of the case of Abraham. (10) How does Paul prove that Abraham was not jus- tified on account of his circumcision 1 In what condition was Abraham when he was justified 1 (11) If circumcision was not designed to secure justi- fication, what was its design 1 How was circumcision a seal ? What was it a seal of? What is meant by the righteousness of faith ? see Phil. 3: 9. What was the result of Abraham's being justified be- fore he was circumcised ? What is meant by his being the father of uncircum- cised believers ? Gen. 4: 20. What is the connexion between the last clause of this verse and the former part of it ? Ans. He is their ather, since they also are justified by faith I 51 (12) Is Abraham the father of uncircuracised behevers only 1 Of what other class of persons is he the father 1 On what condition is he their fother 1 What is meant by walking in the steps of Abraham's faith? (13) What is the fourth argument for justification by- faith] Where else does Paul present tliis same argument 1 Gal. 3: 18, &c. On what condition was the promise made to Abraham and his seed '? What is meant by " through the righteousness of faithl" What does " through the law" mean ? What does the word heir here mean 1 Heb. 1 : 2. 6: 17. In what sense are Abraham and his seed to be heirs of world? Gen. 12: 3. Gal. 3: 9, 16, 29. (14) How does Paul prove that those who are of the law are not heirs ? What is meant by being of the law ? Gal. 3: 10. What does the expression " faith is made void" mean i* How is the promise made of no effect if legal obedience be made the condition of acceptance ? (15) What is the fifth argument for Paul's doctrine ? With what is this verse to be connected ? ^7is. Not immediately with the 14th ; it bears on the general proposition of the chapter that justification is not by works. How does the nature of the law prove that justification cannot be by works ? How does the law work wrath ? Gal. 3: 10. AVhy does the law thus Avork UTath ? Why cannot there be transgression where there is no law ? ch. 5: 13. (16) What conclusion does Paul draw from his pre- vioias reasoning i* 52 To what does the word it, in tlae phrase " it is not of faith," refer ? see v. 13. What are the consequences of the promise being of faith? To whom is the promise thus rendered sure ? How are the two classes of Abraham's seed here de- scribed? Acts 10: 45. Gal. 3: 7. (17) What passage does Paul quote in proof that Abra- ham's seed was to be so numerous ? Gen. 17: 5. Who are intended in this passage by Abraham's seed ?] With what are the words before -whom to be connected ? What do these words mean ? In whom did Abraham believe ? How is God here described ? What is the reason that Paul here describes God as quickening the dead, &c. ? Is the omnipotence or omniscience of God principally intended in this description ? Doctrines. What doctrine is to be inferred from the fact that the best men of old did not rely on works for acceptance with God ? vs. 2, 3. On what truth is Paul's argument in v. 3 founded ? Why can not the two methods of justification be united? vs. 4, 5. What doctrine do vs. 5, 6, 11, teach as to the nature and effect of the imputation of righteousness, and the light in which men are viewed in themselves when God justifies them ? In what light are the sacraments to be viewed? v. 10. What does v. 13 teach as to the future prospects of the church ? (On what docs v. 16 represent the secure possession of God's promise as depending ? 53 What renders the gospel suited to all classes of men ? V. 16. What is the proper object of faith ? v. 17. Remarks. ^ What is taught in vs. 1 — 5 as to the evil of a legal spi- rit ? What do vs. 7, 8, represent as the true source of happi- ness .-* What lesson is taught in vs. 9 — 13 as to the folly of depending on external rites ? What must be thought of those whose hopes are found- ed on the law ? v. 15. What encouragement to the exercise of faith is present- ed in v. 17 ? CHAP. 4: 18—25. i^Who against hope believed in hope, that he might become the father of many nations, according to that which was spoken, So shall thy seed be. i^And being not weak in faith, he considered not his own body now dead, when he was about an hundred years old, neither yet the deadness of Sarah's womb : 2ohe staggered not at the promise of God through unbelief; but was strong in faith, giving glory to God; ^land being fully persua- ded that what he had promised, he was able also to per- form. 22And therefore it was imputed to him for right- eousness. 23]\f ow it was not written for his sake alone, that it was imputed to him ; -^\m.i for us also, to whom it shall be imputed, if we believe on him that raised up Jesus our Lord from the dead ; 25who was delivered for our offences, and was raised again for our justification. Analysis. What is the object of this section } What was the object of Abraham's faith? v. 18. 54 How does Paul illustrate its strength ? vs. 19, 20. What was the ground of Abraham's confidence ? y. 21. What was the result of his faith ? v. 23. What inference does Paul draw from this history of Abraham ? What are we called upon to believe ? vs. 23 — 25. Commentary. (IS) W'hat is meant by believing against hope ? What does believing in hope mean ? Acts 2: 26. 1 Cor. 9: 10. What is the meaning of the latter part of this verse, " that he might become, &c. ?" What promise was the object of Abraham's faith ? Gen. 15: 5. How does it appear that this promise did not refer to the number of his natural descendants alone ? see v. 16. Gal. 3: 14, 16. How can it be proved that Abraham understood these promises as including that of the Messiah ? John 8: 56. (19) What circumstances rendered the event which God had promised, in itself improbable ? What is meant by Abraham's not considering these circumstances ? (20) What does the expression " he staggered not at the promise" mean ? Why did he not thus stagger? What is meant by his g^iving glory to God } (21) On what was Abraham's confidence founded ? (22) What was the result of his faith ? (23, 24) On what account was the record respecting Abraham's faith made ? In what respect is our situation similai- to that of Abra- ham ^ 55 111 whom did he believe > In whom are we required to beUeve ? How docs it appear that the promise wliich Abraham be- lieved is the same in substance as that which we must believe r* What is implied in our believing that God has raised Christ from the dead > (25) To what was Cluist delivered ? For what purpose was he delivered unto death ? Is. 53: 5, 6. Heb. 9: 28. 1 Peter 2: 24. For what purpose was Christ raised from the dead ? What is meant here by the words /or our Justification ? How is Christ's resuiTection connected with our justifi- cation ] Doctrines. What is taught in vs. 18, 20, as to the nature of faith T On what is genuine faith founded ? vs. 20, 21. How does it appeal- that the method of salvation has al- ways been the same] vs. 24 and 17. In what light does v. 25 present the resurrection of Christ > Hemarhs. Wliat does v. 19 teach as to the method of gaining strength of faith ? Why does not the strength of faith depend upon the nature of the thing promised ? vs. 20 — 25. Why is unbehef so great a sin } vs. 20, 21. In what light ought we to view the history of God's people as recorded in liis word 1 v. 23. What are the two great truths of the gospel \ v. 25. Rom. 10: 9. How ought a denial of the propitiation of Christ to be viewed i* v. 25. 56 CHAPTER V. What is the object of this chapter from ts. 1 to 11 in- clusive ? What is the desim of vs. 12—21. CHAP. 5: 1—11. ^Therefore being justified by faith we have peace with God tlirough our Lord Jesus Christ : 2by whom also we have access by faith into this grace wherein we stand and rejoice in hope of the glory of God, 3^\nd not only so, but we glory in tribulations also : knowing that tribula- tion worketh patience ; ''and patience, experience ; and experience, hope ; %nd hope maketh not ashamed ; be- cause the love of God is shed abroad in our hearts by the Holy Ghost, which is given unto us. -^Por when we were yet without strength, in due time Christ died for the ungodly. Tor scarcely for a righteous man will one die ; yet peradventure for a good man some would even dare to die. -But God commendeth his love towards us, in that, while we were yet sinners, Christ died for us. ^Much more then, being now justi- fied by his blood, we shall be saved from wrath through him. lopor if, when we were enemies, we were recon- ciled to God by the death of his Son, much more, being reconciled, we shall be saved by his life. "And not only so, but we also joy in God, through our Lord Je- sus Christ, by whom we have now received the atone- ment. Analysis. What is the first consequence derived from justification by faith .^ v. 1. 57 What is the second > v. 2. What is the third ? vs. 3 — 5. What is the fourth ? vs. 6—10. On what grovuids does the apostle argue for the certain ty of the final salvation of believers] vs. 6 — 10. In what respect is salvation a present good 1 v. 11. Commentary. (1) What is meant by peace with God? How does this flow from justification by faith 1 To whom are we indebted for this peace 1 For what further benefit are we indebted to Jesus Christ] Into what state have we access through Christ ] What does gTace here mean ] What is meant by the clause " wherein we stand 1" What is the consequence of believers being in this state of favour with God ] What is meant by the glory of God ? (3) What other result flows from our acceptance with God? What is meant by glorying in tribulations ? Rom. 8: 18. 2 Cor. 4: 17, 18. Why does the Christian rejoice even in tribulations ] What is the ellect of the Christian's trials ] What does patience here mean ? (4) What does patience produce? What is meant by experience ] How docs this produce hope ] What kind of hope is thus produced ] What is the foundation of this feeUng of confidence ? What does the expression " the love of God" here mean ] How is this shed abroad in the heart 1 What does that mean] compare ch. 8: 16. 2 Cor. I: 21, 22. Eph. 1: 14. 5S (6) What is the design of vs. 6— 10 ? W ith what view does Paul here make this exhibition of the freeness and greatness of the love of God 1 How is the freeness of this love shown 1 How does its greatness appear ] What is meant by our being without strength 1 What is meant by the words i?i due time ? Is. 60: 22: Mark 1. 15. Gal. 4: 4. What is meant by Christ's dying for the ungodly ? V. 7. Matt. 20: 28. 1 Tim. 2: 6. (7) What illustration does Paul here use to show the greatness of the love of Godi What is here meant by the word righteous ? What is meant by the word good P (8) What does the word commend here mean 7 oh. 3: 5. What inference does Paul draw from the love of God ? What is meant by being justified by the blood of Christ 1 ch. 3: 25. Eph: 2: 13. Heb. 12: 9. What does -.vrath here mean? Matt. 3: 7. 1 Thess. 1: 10. What is here ascribed to Christ ? How does Chiist thus save us? ch. 8: 34. Heb. 4: 14, 15. 7: 25. Jude v. 24. 1 John 2: 1. (10) How does tliis verse differ from the preceding? What is meant by being reconciled to God ? Matt. 5: 24. Heb. 2: 17; see also I Sam. 29: 4. Eph. 2: 16. How does it appear that it expresses the idea of God's displeasure towards us being removed ? What is meant by the expression " his life ?" How does the life of Christ secure that of his people ? John 14: 19. Heb. 7: 25. Eph. 1: 2. (11) What is the force of the words not 07ily so P What present benefits do Christians enjoy ? What is meant by joying in God ? W^hat is meant by receiving the atonement ? What is intended by saying that we have now received reconciliation ? 59 To whom are we indebted for all these blessings 1 Doctrines. What is taught in v. 1 respecting the foundation of peace with God ] What does this section teach as to the connexion of the various blessings of redemption ? compare ch. 8: 30. What is taught respecting the Holy Spirit in v. 5 ? What is the foundation of assurance ? vs. 4, 5. To what is the final perseverance of the saints to be ascribed] vs. 6 — 10. How is the redemption of Christ effected ? vs. 9, 10. What it the primary object of the death of Christ 1 vs. 9, 10. Heb. 2: 17. Hemarks. In what Ught does this section present the Lord Jesus ? What marks of Chiistian character are presented in vs. 1—5. How are the fruits of reconciliation with God to be ob* tained] v. 1, &c. What is the character of the Christian's hope ? v. 5. What effects does assurance produce"? vs. 8 — 10. What are the peculiar motives to holy obedience pre sented in vs. 9 — 10 ? Why is joy characteristic of true religion ? vs. 2, 11. CHAP. 5; 12—21. '2Wherefore, as by one man sin entered into the world, and death by sin ; and so death passed upon all men, for that all have sinned. i3(^For until the law, sin was in the world : but sin is not imputed when there is no law. ^^Nevertheless, death reigned from Adam to Moses, even over them that had not sinned after the si- jnilitude of Adam's transgression, who is the figure of 60 him that was to come : i^but not as the offence, so also is the free gift. For if through the olfence of one many be dead ; much more the grace of God, and the gift by grace, -cvhich is by one man, Jesus Christ, hath abounded unto many. i6\nd not as it ivas by one that sinned, so is the gift : for the judgment xvas by one to condemnation ; but the free gift is of many offences unta justification. ''For if by one man's offence death reigned by one ; much more they which receive abun- dance of grace, and of the gift of righteousness, shall reign in hfe ])y one, Jesus Christ:) ''therefore, as by the offence of one judgment came upon all men to condemnation ; even so by the righteousness of one the free gift came upon all men unto justification of life. i^For as by one man's disobedience many were made sinners, so by the obedience of one shall many be made righteous. ^oMoreover the law entered, that the offence might abound. But where sin abounded, grace did much more abound: 2ithat as sin hath reigned unto- death, even so might grace reign, through righteousness, unto eternal hfe, by Jesus Chiist our Lord. Analysis. What is the design of this section ? Ans. To illustrate the doctrine of justification on the ground of the merit of Christ, by a reference to the condemnation of men for the sin of Adam. How does this appear ? What is the connexion of this passage, as indicated by the word -wherefore, with the preceding part of the epistle 1 What is the course of the apostle's argument ? What position is assumed in v. 12 ] Ans. On account of one man death has passed on all men. How is tliis position proved in vs. 13, 14? On what principle is this argument founded ? v. 13. What inference is drawn from the fact that all men are subject to penal evils? v. 13. 61 How is the universality of death to be accounted for ? Can it be accounted for on the supposition that all men' * have violated the law of Moses 1 v. 14. Can it be accounted for on the supposition that all have violated the law of nature ? v. 14. Are not mankind subject to penal evils prior to any per- sonal sins of then- own 1 v. 14. How then is this universality of punishment to be ac- counted for ? What mference does Paul draw from this conclusion .? In what respect is Adam a type of Christ 1 What is the design of vs. 15, 16, 17 1 What is the first point of difference between the case of Adam and that of Christ? v. 15. What is the second? v. 16. What is the third ? v. 17. What is the design of vs. 18, 19 ? How is the comparison commenced in v. 12 here re- sumed and carried out? If men are justified for the obedience of Christ, for what puq)ose is the law ? v. 20. What is the design of v. 21 ? Commentary. (12) What is theforceof wyiere/*ore.? Ans. It follows from what has been said. What is meant by the clause " by one man sin entered into the world ?" .,4/js. One man was the occasion of all men becoming sinners. How does it appeal- that this is its meaning ? compare the con-esponding expressions in vs. 15, 16, 17, 18, 19. .; In what sense did we become sinners on account of one man ? compare v. 19. What docs the expression " death by sin" mean ? What docs t/eath here mean 1 Gen. 2: 17. Ezek. 18: 4. Rom. 6: 23. 8: 13, &c. &c. What is meant by death passing upon all men ? F What is the force of the words and so P Ans. Hence" it is. By one man men became sinners, and so, on ac- count of this one man, death passed upon all. What do the words for that here mean 1 How axe the words all have sinned to be understood 1 Jins. All are regarded and treated as sinners. Death has passed on all men on account of one man, be- cause on his account all are regarded as sinners. How does it appear that this interpretation is correct 1 compare, for the sense of the words. Gen. 44; 32. 43: 9. 1 Kings 1: 21, and for their meaning here, vs. 18, 19, and also vs. 15, 16, 17. (13) What are this and the following verse designed to prove? JJns. That all men are subject to death on account of one man. How do they prove this position 1 What is meant by death in this verse 1 Ans. Penal evil of any kind. What is meant by until the latu ? What does the expression " sin was in the world" meani compare the last clause of v. 12. What does the expression *' sin is not imputed" mean^^ ch. 4: 8. What general principle is here advanced"? (14) What is the connexion and force of this verse 1 Ans. Though sin is not punished where there is no law, yet we see that those are subject to penal evils, who have never violated either the law of Moses or the law of nature. What is meant by death reigning from Adam to Moses? What is the force of the word even here ? What is meant by the clause " who have not sinned after the similitude of Adam's transgression ?" How did Adam sin ? How did those sin who lived before the time of Mo- • sesl How then did those sin, who are here distinguished from- 63 the general class of men who lived without any ex- press revelation of the law of God ? What is meant by the word figure here 7 Of whom was Adam the type ? Matt. 11: 3. What is the point of resemblance between Adam and Christ? Ans. Each stood as the head and repre- sentative of all connected with them. (15) What is the design of verses 15, 16, \1\ What is the point of diiference between the case of Adam and that of Christ referred to in this verse ? What is meant by the offence ? What does the free gift mean ? Why is not the one like the other ? Who are intended by the many? compare vs. 18 and 19. What does dead here mean ? On what account are all said to be subject to death ? What is meant by through the offence of one 7 compare the corresponding clauses in the following verses. What is meant by the grace of God and the gift by grace 1 On what ground does Paul say that if we die on ac- count of the offence of Adam tnuch more shall we live on account of the righteousness of Cluist ? What is meant by the expression " wliich is hy one man, Jesus Christ 1" What does the pluase "hath abounded unto many" mean ? Who are intended by the many ? see v. 18. (16) What word must be supplied in the first clause of this verse ? What is the point of difference between Christ and Adam here pointed out ? * What is meant by judgment to condemnation ? On what ground is this condemnatory sentence passed \ On whom is it passed } see v. 18. 64 To what do the words by one refer ; is it by one man, or by one offence? What is meant by saying a sentence is by an offence ? Jlns. That it is on account of the offence ; compare Gal. 2: 16. Tit. 3: 5. What is meant by the free gift? see v. 17. What is intended by saying that the gift of pardon, or justification is of many offences r* What is the sentiment of this verse ? (17) What is the point of difference between the fall and redemption here referred to 1 What does the first clause of this verse mean 1 see v. 15. How do the two expressions " abundance of grace," and " the gift of righteousness" stand related to each other ] Ans. The latter is explanatory of the former. What is meant by the gift of righteousness ] see vs. 15 16. WTiat is meant by receiving this gift "? What does reigning in life mean .' Who shall thus reign in 'life ] (18) What is the force of the word therefore here ? What does Paul say comes on all men 1 On what account was tliis sentence passed on them ? What is meant by the expression " by the offence of one!" see v. 12 "death by sin;" v. 18, "% the , righteousness of one;" v. 19, ^' by the obedience of one," &c. &c. What is meant by the phrase ' gift unto justification V Jlns. The free gift of justification. On what account is this sentence of justification passed ? What is meant by justification of life ? Who are intended by the all men in the first clause of this verse 1 Ans, All connected with Adam. Who are meant by th^ all men in the second clause 1 Ajis. All connected with Christ. How does it appear that such is the correct interpreta- 65 tion ? compare v. 1 7, the all who are to reign in life, are all who receive the gift of righteousness. Compare what is said of the two classes, here spoken of, in vs. 15, 16, 17, 18, 19; and see the analogous passage, 1 Cor. 15 : 22. What is then the doctrine taught in this verse 1 (19) What is the relation of this verse with the 18th as indicated by forP How are the many to be made righteous 1 W^hat is meant by the obedience of Christ? What is the meaning of the expression are made sin- ners ? A71S. iVre regarded and treated as sinners. How can this interpretation be established] compare the similar expressions to make clean, to make just, to make guilty. Compare the opposite phrase in this verse, "shall be made righteous;" see 2 Cor. 5: ^1. What is meant by the expression " shall be made right- eous ?" see 2 Cor. 5: 21. (20) What is the design of tliis verse 1 What law is here intended ] What is meant by the word entered? With what design was the law thus superinduced 1 What is meant by the clause "that sin might abound!" What is meant by grace abounding much more than sinl (21) What is meant by sin reigning unto death 1 What does the word righteousness here mean 1 What is meant by righteousness (i. e. justification) unto eternal life ] see v. 1 6, "justification of life." What is meant by throngh here] Ans. With, in connexion with. To whom are we indebted for this justification ? In what respects does grace much more abound than sin ? Doctrines. What is the leading doctrine of this passage. Ans^ 66 The tlocti-ine of imputation ; that is, that in virtue of the union, representative and natural, between Adam ¥._ and his posterity, his sin is the ground of their con- demnation ; and that in virtue of the union between Christ and his people, his righteousness is^,the ground of their justification; see vs. 12, 15, 16,' 17, 18, 19. What is the death or penal evil which is inflicted on all men for the sin of Adam? Ji7is. The judicial with- holdmg of the Holy Spirit, the lost of original right- eousness and the consequent corruption of natm-e. When had the human race its probation 1 In what relation does this passage represent men as standing to Adam and to each other ] On what giound does it place our acceptance with God"? vs. 18, 19. In what light does it present sin ? How does it represent God as bringing good out of evil? vs. 20, 21. Iie7na7'ks. What effect should the doctrine of the fall produce upon us? vs. 12, 15, 16. What effect ought the redemption of Christ to produce? v. 17. What can those expect who reject the gift of righteous- ness ? What ground of hope does this passage afford with regard to those who die in infancy ? What lesson does it teach as to the danger of commit- ting even one sin ? In what light does it present our obligations to Christ? What effect ought the law to produce on us > v. 20. What prospects as to the future does it open to us ? v. 21. 67 CHAPTER VI. What is the design of this and the following chapter '? Of how many parts does this chapter consist ? Ans. Two, vs. 1—11, and vs. 12—23. What objection does the apostle answer in the first part ? What is the purport of the second part } CHAP. 6: 1—11. iWhat shall we say then } Shall we continue in sin, that'grace may abound ? 2God forbid. How shall we, that are dead to sin, live any longer therein? ^know ye not, that so many of us as were baptized into Jesus Christ were baptized into his death } ■^therefore we are buried with him by baptism into death ; that like as Christ was rais- ed up from the dead by the glory of the Father, even so we also should walk in newness of Ufe. ^Yox if we have been planted together in the likeness of his death, we shall be also in the likeness of his resmrection : ^knowing this, that our old man is crucified with him, that the body of sin might be destroyed, that henceforth we should not serve sin. Tor he that is dead is freed from sin. ^Now if we be dead with Christ, we believe that we shall also live with him : ^knowing that Christ, being raised from the dead, dieth no more ; death hath no more dominion over him. ^^Yox in that he»died, he died unto sin once : but in that he Uveth, he liveth unto God. "Likewise reckon ye also yourselves to be dead indeed unto sin, but alive unto God through Jesus Christ our Lord. Analysis. What is the leading idea of this section? Ans. That 68 union with Christ, instead of leading to the indul gence of sin, is necessary to hoUness. What is the objection presented in v. 1. How does Paul treat it in v. 2 ? What is the design of vs. 3, 4 ? Ans. To show the nature and design of Christianity. What is the apostle's object in vs. 5 — 7 ? Aits. To show that, if united to Christ, so as to receive the be- nefits of his death, we must be conformed to his life. In what respects is our life to be conformed to that of Christ? vs. 8— 11. Commentary. (1) What is the import of the first question in this verse 1 From what doctrine of the apostle's were men disposed to draw the inference that they might continue in sin ? (2) What does Paul say to this objection } Ans. That it involves a contradiction. What is meant by being dead to sin ? Gal. 2: 19. 1 Pet. 2: 24, (fee. (3) How does Paul prove that the Christian is dead to sin .<* Ans. By showing that the very design of the gospel is to deliver men from sin, and, therefore, if embraced at all, it must be with a view to this object and with this result. What is the meaning of being baptized into Jesus Christ? Matt. 28: 19. 1 Cor. 1: 13. 10: 2. What is meant by being baptized into death ? compare Matt 3: 11. Mark 1: 4. 1 Cor. 12: 13. (4) What is the connexion of this verse with the pre- ceding ? What is meant by baptism unto death ? Ans. That we should die ; compare Matt. 3: 11. What ?s meant by our being buried ? compare vs. 5, 8, G9 To what docs baptism hero refer ? With what view are we united to Christ in his death ! What is meant by walking in newness of life > How was Christ raised from the dead ? What is meant by the glory of the Father > (5) What is the design of this verse ? What is the force of for in this case ? What is meant by being planted together ? In what respect arc we thus intimately united with Christ > Wliat is meant by likeness of his death > What is the consequence of our union with Christ in his death ? What is meant by our being united with him in the likeness of his resurrection \ (6) In what connexion does this verse stand with the 6th ? What is meant by our old man ? Eph. 4: 22. Col. 3: 9. What is meant l)y the expression " was crucified with him ?" compare v. 8. Gal. 2: 20. Wliat is the object of our being united with Christ in his death ? What is meant by the body of sin ? Col. 2: 11. How does the destruction of sin result from the death of Christ ? V. 14. ch. 8: 3, 4, 9. W hat is the design and consequence of this destruction of the power of sin } What is Paul's argument in vs. 5, 6 ? (7) W'hat is the general import of this verse ? In what connexion does it stand to the preceding ? What is to be supplied after the word dead ? Ans. With Christ ; see vs. 6, 8. What does the expression " is free from sin" properly mean ? »?»,?. The original means, is justified from sin, Acts 13: 39. What is the nature of the apostle's argument here "* compare Gal. 2: 19, 20. 6: 14. 1 Pet. 4: 1. 70 (8) What is the purport of vs. 8—11? What is meant by being dead with Christ ? What is the force of the expression " we beUeve ?" What are the two prominent ideas included in the ex-. pression " we shall live with him ?" What is the life here referred to ? John 3: 36. 5: 24. Is Paul simply running a parallel between the death and resurrection of Christ and the spiritual death and resurrection of believers ? (9) In what respects is our life to be conformed to that of Christ > What does Paul teach in tliis verse respectmg the life of Christ ? ,^7is. That it is perpetual. With what view does he present this idea 1 compare ch. 5: 10. John 14: 19. (10) In what connexion does this verse stand to the preceding? In what sense did Christ die unto sin ? compare ch. 4; 25. Gal. 1: 4. Why is Christ's dying once sufficient 1 Heb. 9: 28. 10: 10, 14. What is meant by Christ's living unto God 1 (11) What inference is here drawn from the preceding In what sense are we to regard ourselves as dead unto sin 1 compare vs. 5, 6, 7, 8. What is meant by being alive unto God ? Through whom is our dying unto sin and living unto God effected? Doctrines. What test of the truth of any doctrine is suggested by vs. 1, 2 ? Why cannot a man be a Christian who lives in sin ? y. 2. ^hat is to b^ thought of Antinomianism ? vs. 2, 3, 4j 11 What do vs. 3, 4, teach as to the design of baptism! What is the great design of Christianity ? v. 3. What is the source of holiness ? vs. 4, 6. What inference may be drawm from the fact that Christ Uves? V. 8. What is the only sufficient evidence of union with Christ? Remarks. What lesson does this section teach as to necessity of holiness ? In what light ought the conduct of those professors of religion to be viewed who live in sin ? In what relation do holiness and pardon stand to each other 1 V. 4, &c. How is sin to be conquered ? vs. 6, 8. What ground of confidence for the believer is presented in v. 8, &c. of final salvation 1 CHAP. 6: 12—23. i2Let not sin therefore reign in your mortal body, that ye should obey it in the lusts thereof. '^Neither yield ye your members as instruments of unrighteousness unto sin : but yield yourselves unto God, as those that are alive from the dead, and your members as instru- ments of righteousness unto God. i-^For sin shall not have dominion over you : for ye are not under the law, but under grace. i^What then 1 Shall we sin, because we are not under the law, but under grace ? God forbid. i^Know ye not, that to whom ye yield yourselves ser- vants to obey, his servants ye are to whom ye obey ; whether of sin unto death, or of obedience unto right- eousness? ''But God be thanked, that ye were the servants of sin : but ye have obeyed from the heart that form of doctrine which was delivered you. ^^Being 72 then made free from sin, ye became the servants of righteousness. ^^I speak after the manner of men, be- cause of the infirmity of your flesh : for as ye have yielded your members servants to uncleanness and to- iniquity, unto iniquity ; even so now yield your mem- bers servants to righteousness, unto holiness. 2opor when ye were the servants of sin, ye were free from righteousness. 2iWhat fruit had ye then in those things whereof ye are now ashamed? for the end of those things is death. 22]3ut now being made free from sin, and^become serv^ants to God, ye have fruit unto holiness; and the end, everlasting life. 23For the wages of sin is death ; but the gift of God is eternal life, through Jesus Christ our liord. ^7ialusis. What exhortation is addiessed to believers in vs. 12, 13? What encouragement to contend against sin is pre- sented in V. 14 ? What important principle is laid down in v. 14 1 Does this principle lead to the indulgence of sin '? v. 15. How does Paul show that it does not ? vs. 6 — 23. In what state were beUevers before their conversion 1 In what state are they after it ? What is the consequence of the service of sin ? What is the consequence of the service of holiness ? C'oin?ne}itari/. (12) What is the foundation of this exhortation ? What is meant by sin reigning ? What is meant by mortal body here ? In what relation do the two clauses of this verse stand to each other 1 To what does the word (hereof refer ? Jlns. To the body. 73 ( 1 3) What is the meaning of the phrase to yield unto ? What is meant by your members ] Col. 3: 5. What is the meaning of the expression " instruments of unrighteousness ?" What is meant by yielding ourselves to God } In what sense are believers alive from the dead ? Eph. 2: 5, 6. In what relation does the latter clause of this verse stand to the former ? What is meant here by unto God 1 (14) In what connexion does this verse stand to the preceding ? Why shall sin not have dominion over the believer ? What is meant by being under the law > Gal. 4: 2, 4; compare Rom. 3: 9. How does it appear that the law here is not merely the Mosaic law ? What is meant by being under grace } What important practical truth is contained in this verse } (15) Is it a fair inference from v. 14 that the believer may continue in sin ? (16) Why not? What illustration of his subject does the apostle here employ ? What is the point of this comparison? Ans. As a slave is under an influence which secures obedience to his master, so is he who serves sin, and he who serves holinfiss. What is the import of the first part of this question } Ans. Know ye not that a servant is one who is under a constraining influence to obedience ? What is meant by the expression " servant of sin unto death r What is meant by servant of obedience ? In what sense are the words unto righteousness to b« taken ? 74 (17) For what does Paul give thanks'! To what were believers formerly servants ? To what are they now obedient ? What is the character of this obedience ? What is meant by form of doctrine ? What is meant by this form of doctrine being deliverecT unto them ? (18) From what are believers emancipated? To what have they become obedient? What is the illustration here intended 1 (19) What is meant by the expression, "I speak after the manner of men ?" Why did Paul borrow this illustration from the common affairs of life 1 What is meant by the infirmity of your flesh ? What is there incongruous in this illustration, which led the apostle to state why he used it ? With what is the second clause to be connected ? ^?is. Withv. 18. What is meant by the expression " iniquity unto ini- quity ?" What is meant by " righteousness unto holiness ?" (20) How is this verse to be understood ? In what sense were believers, before conversion, free from righteousness ? (21) What considerations are used in this and the following verse in support of the exhortation in v. 19? In what sense is the phrase " to have fruit" to be here taken ? What are the things of which believers are ashamed? Why do they regard them with shame ? To what result do they tend? What is meant by death ? (22) What is the general meaning of this verse "^ What is the result of the service of God ? 75 What is the meaning of the phrase " fruit unto hoU- ness ?" To what result does hohness lead ? (23) Why does sin lead to death ? Why does holiness lead to life ? What is the nature of the connexion between sin and death ] What is the nature of the connexion between obe- dience and eternal life ? To whom are we indebted for the gracious reward of obedience 1 Doctrines. What is the leading doctrine of this section respecting sanctification ? Does Paul teach merely that it is obUgatory on the Christian to renounce sin, or that he does actually renounce it? vs. 15 — 18. In what light is religion presented in v. 12, &c. ? What do vs. 21, 22, teach of the nature and effects of sm Does eternal life follow as a natural consequence of any thing in us ? v. 23. Jiemarks. What practical instruction does this passage afford as to the method of cultivating holiness ? In what light ought despondency, in connexion with piety, to be viewed ] In what hght are sinners represented in vs. 12, 13, 16? How is it that those who were the servants of sin be- come the servants of hoUness ? v. 1 7. Under what delusion do vs. 20 — 22 represent the sin- ner as acting ? With what feelings should a Christian look back on his former life.^ v. 21. 76 CHAPTER VII. What is the object of the first section, vs. 1 — 6 1 Ans. To show that the beUever is indeed free from the law. What is the object of the second section, vs. 7 — 25 ? Ans. To show the true operation of the law. Into how many parts is this latter section to be divided 1 Ans. Two, vs. 7—13, and vs. 14—22. CHAP. 7: 1—6. iKnow ye not, brethren, (for I speak to them that know the law), how that the law hath dominion over a man as long as he Uveth ] 2For a woman which hath an husband is bound by the law to her husband, so long as he liveth ; but if the husband be dead, she is loosed from the law of her husband. ^So then, if, while her hus- band liveth, she be married to another man, she shall be called an adulteress : but if her husband be dead, she is free from that law; so that she is no adulteress, though she be married to another man. ^"YVherefore, my brethren, ye also are become dead to the law by the body of Christ; that ye should be married to another, even to him who is raised from the dead, that we should bring forth fruit unto God. ^For when we were in the flesh, the motions of sins, which were b}'- the law, did work in our members, to bring forth fruit unto death. ^But now we are delivered from the law, that being dead wherein we were held ; that we should serve in newness of spirit, and not in the oldness of the letter. Analysis. What is the design of this section ? What general fact is stated in v. I ? 77 What illustration of this general truth is given in vs. 2, 3] What application of this illustration is made to the case of believers in vs. 4, 6 ? How are we freed from the law 1 v. 4. To whom are we then united ? v. 4. WTiat is the result of our being under the law ? v. 5. What is the result of our union with Christ ? v. 6. Commeniarif. (1) Who are here intended by those who know the law? What is it that they are supposed to know ? What is meant by the law having dominion over a man as long as he lives? (2) What is the force of /or at the beginning of this verse? How is this verse an illustration of the general remark contained in v. 1. How long is a woman bound by the law to her hus- band ? What frees her from this obligation ? What is meant by the expression " law of her Ims- band?" (3) How does it appear that the woman is bound to her husband as long as he Uves ? How does it appear that his death frees her irom this obligation ? (4) What is the application which Paul makes of this illustration 1 From what is the beUever freed 1 To whom may he be united ? How does Paul express the idea that we are freed from the law ? Why does he not say that the law is dead, instead of saying we are dead to the law? 78 "^ What is meant by our being dead to the lawl v. G. Gal. 2: 19. How are believers freed from the law 1 What is meant by the body of Christ 1 Eph. 2: 13, 15, 16. Col. 1: 22. With what view are we freed from the law ? Why is Christ here spoken of as he who arose from the dead > What is the object of being united to Christ ? What is meant by our bringing forth fruit unto God 1 (5) Why is it necessary that we should be freed from the law ? What is meant by being in the flesh"? compare ch. 8: 8. Gal. 3: 3. Rom. 4: 1. Phil. 3: 4—6. What does the expression " motions of sins" meani In what sense are these sinful emotions by the law ? see V. 8. What is meant by " did work in our members ?" What was the result of this influence of sin i* What is meant by bringing forth fruit unto death ? (6) How does Paul describe the state of a Christian ? What is meant by being delivered from the law 1 How are we delivered from the law 1 By its dying, or by our dying to it ? ^Jis. The true reading proba- bly is, " we being dead in respect to that by which we were formerly held." In what sense were we formerly held by the law 1 With what view are we freed from the law 1 What is meant by "serving in newness of spirit?" 2 Cor. 3: 6. What is meant by " oldness of the letter?" ch. 2: 27. 2 Cor. 3: 6. Doctrines. What is the leading doctrine of this section 1 How is deliverance from the law effected,^ v. 4. ch. 10; 4. 79 What is the design of redemption ? v. 4, &c. What is the effect of striving after hoHness in a legal spuit? V. 5. What is the characteristic feeling of those who are free from the law ? v. 6. What doctrine concerning marriage is taught in vs. 2,3. Remarks. What lesson does the doctrine of this passage teach us as to the necessity of faith in Christ 1 What is the only evidence of union with Christ ? v. 4. What is the nature of conversion ? v. 6. What caution is suggested by vs. 2, 3, as to entering upon a marriage contract ? On what grounds is it right to grant divorces ? CHAP. 7: 7—13. ■^What shall we say then ? Is the law sin ? God forbid. Nay, I had not known sin, but by the law : for I had not known lust, except the law had said. Thou shalt not covet. ^But sin, taking occasion by the com- mandment, wrought in me all manner of concupiscence. For without the law, sin ivas dead. ^For I was alive without the law once : but when the commandment came, sin revived, and I died. J^And the command- ment, which -ivas ordained to life, I found to be unto death. i^For sin, taking occasion by the commandment, deceived me, and by it slew me. '^"VVherefore the law is holy ; and the commandment holj'', and just, and good. i^Was then that which is good made death unto me '? God forbid. But sin, that it might appear sin, working death in me by that which is good ; that sin by the commandment might become exceeding sinful. 80 Analysis. What is the design of this section ? How is it connected with the preceding passage ? Why is deliverance from the law necessary > Is it be- cause the law is evil ? What effect does the law produce ? What effect is ascribed to it in v. 7 ? What in V. 8 ? What is the design of vs. 9, 10, 11 ? What inference is drawn in v. 12? What in V. 13? Commentary. (7) What is the import of the first question asked in this verse 1 What is meant by the question, " Is the law sini" How does Paul show that the law is not evil 1 What two effects does he ascribe to it 1 How does the law produce the knowledge of sin ? What is the force of for here ? In what sense is the word lust to be taken 1 What is the meaning of the command, Thou shalt not covet ? (8) In what relation does this verse stand to the pre- ceding? Ans. It is part of the answer to the ques- tion, Is the law evil? In what sense is the word sin to be taken ? What is the meaning of the phrase " taking occasion ?" How are the words by the coynmanclment to be con- nected ? compare vs. 11, 13. How did sin work by the commandment ? What effect is here attributed to the law ? How does Paul show that the law arouses sin ? What is meant by saying sin was dead ? (9) What is the design of vs. 9—1 1 ? 81 What does Paul mean by saying he was alive without the law ? What is meant by the commandment coming ? What effect did the knowledge of the law produce on Paul? What does he mean by saying sin revived ? What is meant by saying " I died ?" (10) In what sense was "the commandment unto life 1" In what sense was it " unto death 1" (11) How is it that the law being good was thus produc- tive of evil ? How are the words by the commandment to be here connected ? How did sin deceive him by the commandment 1 In what sense did sin slay him by the commandment? (12) What conclusion does Paul draw from this exhi- bition of the operation of the law ] How do the words holy, just, oxvAgood, differ in mean- ing? (13) How is the law the cause of evil ? What is meant by the phrase " made death unto me ?" What was the cause of death or misery to the apostle ? How did sin work death? Jlns. By means of that which is good, i. e. by the law. What was the consequence of this ? What is meant by sin becoming exceeding sinful ? Doctrines. What important doctrine is here taught respecting the law ? vs. 7, 8. What is taught respecting conviction of sin ? v. 9. What is taught of the character of the law in vs. 9, 12? In what light is the nature of sin presented ? v. 13. What is the effect of sin ? vs. 10—1 3. 82 Remarks. What is the condition of those who are under the bondage of a legal spirit** vs. 7 — 13. How ought the law to be preached ? vs. 7, 8. What instruction may be derived from this passage as to the nature of evangeUcal religion ? vs. 7, 13. In what light does this passage present self-compla- cency 1 vs. 12, 13. What test of rehgious experience does the passage afford.? CHAP. 7: 14—25. i4For we know that the law is spiritual ; but I am carnal, sold under sin. ^^For that which I do, I allow not : for what I would, that do I not ; but what I hate, that do I. i^If then I do that which I would not, I consent unto the law, that it is good. i^JVow then it is no more I that do it, but sin that dwelleth in me. i^For I know that in me, (that is, in my flesh) dwelleth no good thing : for to will is present with me ; but hotv to perform that which is good I find not. i^For the good that I would, I do not ; but the evil which I would not, that I do. 20Now if I do that I would not, it is no more I that do it, but sin that dwelleth in me. ^ij find then a law, that when I would do good, evil is present with me. 22For I delight in the law of God after the inward man : 23but I see another law in my members, warring against the law of my mind, and bringing me into cap- tivity to the law of sin which is in my members. 2jO wretched man that I am ! who shall deliver me from the body of this death ? 23i thank God, through Jesus Christ our Lord. So then, with the mind I myself serve the law of God, but with the flesh the law of sin. 83 Analysis. What is the design of tliis passage ? Ans. To show the operation of the law on the renewed mind in order to prove that it cannot produce holiness. Why cannot the law effect our sanctification } v. 14. What is the nature of the bondage to sin of which Paul complains ? v. 15. What inference is drawn from the character of this bondage ? v. 1 6. W^hat other inference is drawn from it in v. 17 ? What is the design of vs. 18 — 20 1 What is the conclusion from this exhibition of the effect of the law? v. 21. What is the design of vs. 22, 23 ? Ans. They are an explanation of v. 21. In what state does the law leave us ? v. 24. W^here must we look for deliverance ? v. 25. Coinmentary. (14) What is the connexion between this verse and the preceding? What is meant by the word spiritual ? What is the meaning of carnal ? compare 8: 5. Gal. 5: 19. John 3: 5, 6. What is the meaning of the expression " sold under sin r (15) What is the design of this verse? Ans. To ex- plain the nature of the bondage to sin spoken of in V. 14. What is the meaning of the pln-ase " I allow not 1" What is meant by the expression "what I would?" What then is the nature of this bondage to sin ? How does it appear that a Christian can adopt the lan- guage of this verse ? (16) What inference does Paul here draw from what is said in v. 15. 84 Is the law to be blamed because it is insufficient for sanctification ? What is meant by consenting to the law ] (17) Is the bondage of which Paul spoke in v. 15 compatible with the Christian character ? How does it appear that it is so ? "What is the force of the- words noiv then? What is meant by " sin that dwelleth in me 1" What is meant by saying, " It is no more I that do it?" What is the object of the apostle in this verse ? (18) What is the design of vs. 18—20 ? Why is there such a contradiction between the better feelings of the Christian and his conduct ? In what sense does Paul say there was no good in him? What is meant by " in my flesh 1" How does Paul illustrate the power of indwelling sin T What is meant here by the phrase " to wiU ?" In what sense was this present with the apostle ? What is it that the apostle says he found not ? What is meant by the words I find not? (19) In what relation does this verse stand to the pre- ceding ? Jlns. It is an illustration and confirmation of what had just been said. In what sense is the expression " I would" to be taken here ? compare v. 15 or 18. (20) What conclusion is here drawn from v. 19 ? compare v. 17. (21) What then is the real state of the Christian as described in this verse ? In what sense is the word laxu to be taken here ? What law did Paul find himself subject to ? (22) What is the design of verses 22, 23 > Ans. They are an explanation of v. 21. What is meant by the expression " I delight in the lawl" 85 What is meant by the inward man ? compare vs. 23, 25, and the similar passages, ch. 8: 13. Gal. 5: 17. (23) What is meant by the law in the members } To what is this law opposed ? What is meant by the law of the mind ? What is the result of this conflict > What is meant by the law of sm ? (24) What effect did this conflict produce on the apostle ? From what did he desire to be delivered > What is meant by body of death r* Why is sin so called "? (25) By whom is the deliverance of the believer from sm effected ? In what condition does the law leave the Christian 1 What is meant by the expression " with the mind ?" What is meant by " with the flesh 1" Doctrines. Is the latter part of this chapter to be considered as de- scriptive of the experience of a believer 1 What argument in favour of the affirmative of this question may be derived fi-om the use of the first person tlnoughout the passage 1 Is there any thing here asserted inconsistent with Christian experience 1 Is there nothing inconsistent with the scriptural account of unrenewed men? see vs. 15, 16, 22, 25. What argument may be derived from the parallel pas- sage, Gal. 5: 17, 18. What argument can be derived from the context ? What doctrine as to the perfection of Christians in this life is here taught 1 In what light is the law of God to be viewed 1 Wliat effect has the mere exliibition of truth on the heart .-* 86 How is inability consistent with accountableness 1 v. 18. Gal. 5: 17. Are the emotions and affections under the control of the will? vs. 16, 18, 19,21. How is victory over sin to be obtained .^ Reinarks. What test of Christian character is afforded by this passage } In what Ught does this passage present the power and evil of sin i* Can the power of sin be urged as an excuse for the sinner What effect does the consciousness of his sinfulness produce on the Christian ? CHAPTER VIII. What is the theme of this chapter } Ans. The secu'- rity of believers. What ai-gument to prove this point is presented in vsr 1 — 4 } Ans. They are delivered from the law. What argument is presented in vs. 5 — 1 1 ? Ans. They are already possessed of the Holy Spirit who is the author of life. What is the third argument 1 vs. 12 — 17. Ans. They are children and heirs of God. What is the fourth ? vs. 18 — 28. Ans. Afflictions are- not inconsistent with their filial relation to God. What is the fifth 1 vs. 29—30. Ans. They are pre- destinated to eternal life. Whence is the fifth derived 1 vs. 31 — 34^ Ans. FroiE' the gift of the Son of God. 87 What is the sixth? vs. 35—39. Ans. The unchange- able love of God. CHAP. 8: 1—11. 1 There is, therefore, now no condemnation to them which are in Christ Jesus, who walk not after the flesh but after the Spirit, spor the law of the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus hath made me free from the law of sin and death. ^For what the law could not do, in that it was weak through the flesh, God, sending his own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh, and for sin, condemned sin in the flesh; -^that the righteousness of the law might be fulfilled in us, who walk not after the flesh, but after the Spirit, spor they that are after the flesh, do mind the things of the flesh ; but they that are after the Spirit, the things of the Spirit. ^Por to be carnally minded is death ; but to be spiritually minded is Ufe and peace : ''because the carnal mind is enmity against God ; for it is not subject to the law of God, neither indeed can be. ?So then they that are in the flesh cannot please God. 9But ye are not in the flesh, but in the Spirit, if so be that the Spirit of God dwell in you. Now if any man have not the Spirit of Christ, he is none of his. loAnd if Clurist be in you, the body is dead because of sin ; but the Spirit is life because of righteousness. I'But if the Spirit of him that raised up Jesus from the dead dwell in you, he that raised up Christ from the dead shall also quicken your mortal bodies by his Spirit that dwelleth in you, A7iali/sis. What is the position assumed in v. 1 ? What reason is assigned in v. 2 for the safety of be- lievers ] How has the deliverance of the believer from the law been effected i* vs. 3, 4. 88 What argument is presented in the following verses 1 How does Paul show in vs. 5 — 7 that the indwelUng of the Spirit is connected with life ? How does he show that to be carnally minded is death ] What inference is drawn from these premises in vs. 9—11. Commentary. (1) Whence is the conclusion indicated by the word therefore drawn ? What is the force here of the word noiv ? What is the meaning of the clause " there is no con- demnation?" To whom is there no condemnation ] What is meant by in Christ? 2 Cor. 5: 17. John 15: 4. 1 John 2: 5. In what relation does the second clause of this verse stand to the first ? What is meant by walking after the flesh ? What is meant by walking after the Spirit r* (2) Why is there no condemnation to believers? What is meant by the law of the Spirit of hfe 7 Is the gospel elsewhere called a lato ? see ch. 3: 27. Why is it said to be of the Spirit ? Why is the Spirit called the Spirit of life ? How are the words in Christ Jesus to be connected and explained ? What is meant by the law of sin and death ] Why is the law of God so called ? see ch. 7: .5, 13. In what sense is the believer freed from the law % (3) Why is it necessary that he should be thus freed } Why is the law inadequate to effect our salvation ? What is meant by its bemg weak through the flesh > How is the end which the law could not attain accom- plished } What is meant by the expression his o-wn Son ? 89 . ' How did God send his Son ? What is meant by the Ukeness of sinful flesh ? What does the phrase " for sin" mean ] ^ns. As a sac- rifice for sin, Heb, 10: 6. Ps. 40: 6. What is the meaning of the expression " he condemned sin?" What do the words in thejlesh here mean? (4) What was the immediate design of the sacrifice of Christ ] What does the righteousness of the law mean ] How are the demands of the law fulfilled in us ] com- pare 2 Cor. 5: 21. What is the design of the latter clause of this verse T (5) What is the mimediate object of this and the fol- lowing verses } What is the force of the word for here } Ans. We must walk after the Spirit, for those who walk after the flesh, &c. What is meant by being after the flesh? What is meant by mmding the tilings of the flesh ? What is the meaning of the other phrases " they who are after the Spirit," and " mind the things of the Spirit?" (6) What is the force of for in this verse ? What is meant by being cai-nally minded ? see v. 5. What is the consequence of this state of mind ? What is meant by death ? What is meant by being spiritually minded ? see v. 5. W hat is the consequence of this state of mind } What is meant by life and peace ? compare v. 13. (7) Why is death the consequence of being carnally minded? What is meant here by the carnal mind? see vs. 5, 6. What is meant by the expression "enmity against God?" 90 Why is the carnal mind an object of the divine dis- pleasure i* "What is meant by its not being subject to the law of God? Why can it not be thus subject 1 (8) What consequence does Paul here deduce from the preceding verses ] What is meant by the expression " cannot please God ?" (9) What is the design of vs. 9 — 1 1 1 How are Christians here described ? What is meant by the Spirit of God dwelling in them ? compare Eph. 2: 22. 1 Cor. 3; 16. 6: 19. In what sense are the words Spirit of Christ to be here understood 1 Why is the Holy Ghost called the Spirit of Christ ? see John 3: 34. Acts 10: 38, and John 1: 33. 15: 26, &c. What does Paul say of those who have not the Spirit of Christ •? What is meant by the expression " if Christ be in you?" (10) What consequence does Paul say follows if Christ is in us ? What is the meaning of the clause " the body is dead because of sin ?" In what sense is the word bodif to be taken ? see v. 11. In what sense is the word spiiit, in the next clause, to be understood ? What is meant by saying " the soul is life because of righteousness ?" In what sense is the word righteousness to be here taken ? (11) What farther consequence follows from the in- dwelling of the Spirit ? How is God here described] Why is he thus described? What is meant by the clause " shall quicken your mor- tal bodies 1 How shall our mortal bodies be quickened ] 91 Doctrines. What doctrines, taught m the previous part of the epistle, are repeated in vs. 1, 3, 41 What arguments for the final salvation of believers are contained in this passage i* What arguments for the divinity of Christ are contained in vs. 3, 9, 11? What doctrine respecting Clnist is taught in v. 3 ? How is the justification of beUevers secured ] v. 4. What do vs. 5 — 1 1 teach in reference to Antinoniianisml What is taught in v. 6 respecting the necessity of ho- liness :* In what state do vs. 6, 8, represent unrenewed men as being? What do vs. 5 — 8 teach as to the source of all good in man? How does it appear that the redemption of Christ ex- tends to the bodies of behevers } Remarks. In what light ought we to view union with Christ ? W hat is the nature of the liberty wherewith Christ hath made us free ? vs. 2, 5. In what state of mind ought Christians to be in view of this liberty ? vs. 4 — 8. What test of character is presented in v. 5 ? Why is misery always connected with sin ? vs. 6, 7. Why are the guilt and danger of those described in vs. 7, 8, so great? What is the great distinction of the Christian ? What effect ought the belief that the Holy Spirit dwells in us to produce 1 How ought we to regard our bodies 1 v. 11. 92 CHAP. 8: 12—28. i2Therefore, brethren, we are debtors, not to the flesh, to live after the flesh. i^For if ye live after the flesh, ye shall die ; but if ye through the Spirit do mortify the deeds of the body, ye shall live. i-^For as many as are led by the Spirit of God, they are the sons of God. i^For ye have not received the Spirit of bondage agam, to fear; but ye have received the Spirit of adoption, where- by we cry, Abba, Father. i^-The Spirit itself beareth . witness with our spirit, that we are the children of God : i^and if children, then heirs; heirs of God, and joint- heirs with Clu-ist ; if so be that we suftcr with him, that we may be also glorified together. i-For I reckon that the sufferings of this present time are not worthy to be cotnpared with the glory which shall be revealed in us. !• For the earnest expectation of the creature waiteth for the manifestation of the sons of God. 2opor the crea- ture was made sulyect to vanity, not willingly, but by- reason of him who hath subjected the same in hope ; 2'because the creature itself also shall be delivered from the bondage of corruption into the glorious liberty of the children of God. -^Yor we know that the whole creation groancth and travaileth in pain together until now. 23 And not only they, but ourselves also, which have the first-fruits of the Spirit, even we ourselves groan within ourselves, waiting for the adoption, to ivit, the redemption of our body. ^^Yov we are saved by hope : but hope that is seen, is not hope : for what a man seeth what doth he yet hope for ? ^oB^^t jf ^ye hope for that we see not, then do v/e with patience wait for it. 26Likewise the Spirit also helpeth our infirmities : for we know not what we should pray for as we ought; but the Spirit itself maketh intercession for us with groanings which cannot be uttered. 27 And he that searcheth the hearts knoweth what is the mind of the Spirit, because he maketh intercession for the saints according to the 93 will of God. ssAnd we know that all things work to- gethei for good to them that love God, to them who are the called according to his purpose. Analysis. What two additional arguments in favour of the safety of believers does this section contain? vs. 12 — 17 and vs. 18—28. What inference as to the duty of believers is drawn in v. 12 1 What motive for obedience is presented in v. 13 ? What ground of confidence that beUevers shall Uve is presented in v. 14? How is the sonship of believers proved in vs. 15, 16 ? What inference is drawn in v. 17 from the fact that beUevers are the sons of God 1 How does the apostle show that the sufferings of Chris- tians ai-e not inconsistent with their being the sons of God? W^hat is the special design of vs. 18 — 23 ? How are beUevers sustained under their afflictions ? vs. 24, 25, and vs. 26—28. Commentarii. (12) Whence is the inference contained in this verse drawn ? What is meant by the expression " debtors to the fleshl" (13) How does Paul enforce the necessity of Uving after the Spirit 1 What will be the consequence of Uving after the flesh ? What is meant by mortifying the deeds of the body] What is intended by " deeds of the body ?" How is the destruction of sin to be effected ? What wiU be the consequence of the mortification of sin? (14) What is the force of for at the beginning of tliis verse ? 94 What is meant by being led by the Spirit of God ? In what sense are believers the sons of God ? Matt. 5: 9, 45. Rom. 9: 26. John 1: 12. 1 John 3: 2. (15) How does Paul prove that believers are the sons of God? What is meant by the expression " spirit of bondage ?" W' hat is the force of the expression " again to fear }" What is meant by the spirit of adoption 1 How does this spirit manifest itself."* What does the word ^bba mean ? Why are the words Abba and Father both nsed } (16) What evidence of adoption is referred to in this verse ? What is meant by "the Spirit itself?" What is the meaning of the phrase " beareth witness with our Spirit?" To what does the Spirit thus bear witness ? What is the nature of this testimony of the Spirit ? see ch. 5: 5. 2 Cor. 1: 22. Eph. 1: 13. (17) What inference does Paul draw from our adoption? What is meant by being heirs of God ? sec Gal. 3: 29. 4: 7. Col. 3: 24. In what sense are Christians joint heirs with Christ? Matt. 25: 21. Rev. 3:21. How are Christians said to suffer with Christ ? (18) What is the force of for at the beginning of this verse ? How does Paul show that the sufferings of Christians are not inconsistent with their adoption ? What renders these suflerings insignificant ? What is meant by the glory that shall be revealed in us] 2 Cor. 4: 17. Eph. 3: 10. (19) What is the design of vs. 19—23 ? What is meant by the earnest expectation of the crea- ture? For what does the creation thus earnestly wait ? 95 What is meant by the manifestation of the sons of God? 1 John 3: 2. (20) Why does the creature thus anxiously wait 1 In what sense is the word vanity to be understood } Ps. 26: 4. Eph. 4: 1 7. How came the creature to be thus subject to frailty and corruption ? What is meant by the expression " not willingly ?" How is the clause "by reason of him that subjected the same" to be understood ? What is meant by the words in hope? (21) How does Paul show that this subjection is not hopeless ? From what is the creation to be delivered } Into what state is it to be introduced 1 What is meant by the glorious liberty of the children of God? (22) With what is this verse to be connected ? In what state is the creation here represented ? What is the force of the word together ? What is the force of the words imtil noiv P (23) Whom does Paul represent as joining with the whole creation in its sense of present bondage 1 What is meant by the first fruits of the Spirit? Eph. 1; 14. Why are the present mfluences of the Spirit called first fruits, or earnest ? Who are intended by the expression " even we our selves ?" For what do Christians so anxiously wait? What is meant by the adoption 1 What is meant by the redemption of the body 1 What is meant by the creature in this passage ? In what sense can the iiTational creation be said to long for the manifestation of the sons of God ? compare Is. 55: 12. 96 In what sense is the irrational creature subject to vani- ty r Gen. 3: 1 7. Is. 24: 6. How can the creation be said to share in the Uberty of the sons of God ] Is. 35: 1. 29: 17. 2 Peter 3: 7—13. How does the passage, according to this interpretation,, bear on the apostle's argument ? (24) What is the design of vs. 24, 25 ] What is the connexion of this verse with v. 23 > Ans.. Believers wait for the adoption, because salvation is not a present, but a future good. What is the meaning of the expression " we are saved by (ill) hope >"" Ans. Salvation is yet only in pros- pect. In what sense is the word hope used in the next clause } Col. 1: 5. Heb. 6: 18. What is the design of the latter clause of the verse 1 (25) What conclusion is drawn in this verse from the fact that salvation is yet future ? How do believers wait for salvation ? What is there in the nature of hope to produce patience.'* (26) What is the force of the words not only so ? What other present support besides hope has the be- liever 1 What is meant by the Spirit's helping our infirmities ? What example of the aid of the Spirit does the apostle give"? AVhy is it necessary that the Spirit should teach us how to pray 1 What is meant by the Spirit's making intercession for usf* John 14: 26. 15: 26. 16: 7. What is intended by the phrase " groanings that cannot be uttered .^" (27) To whom are these inward desires known 1 In what sense is the word knotv here used? Ps. 1: 6. What is meant by the mind of the Spirit % Why do the feelings excited by the Spirit secure the approbation of God .•* 97 (28) What is the design of this verse r* What is meant by the expression all ^Am^^in this verse? For whose good shall these things work together ? How are Christians here described ] What is meant by their being called? see 1 Cor. 1; 24. Jude 1; i, &c. What is the foundation of this call? 2 Tim. 1: 9. Eph. 1; 11. What is meant by the purpose of God ? Doctrines. What is taught in v. 14 as to the relation of believers to God 1 In what relation does God stand to believers? v. 15. What is taught respecting assurance in v. 16] In what light are afflictions presented in vs. 17 — 25] What view is presented in vs. 19 — 23 of the future blessedness of believers ? What is taught in v. 23 respecting the influences of the Spirit ? In what light is hope presented in v. 24 ? What is taught respecting the Holy Spirit in v. 26 1 What is taught as to the nature of acceptable prayer in V. 27? What is taught respecting the conversion of men in. v. 28? Remarks. What duty is enjoined in vs. 12, 13 ? What criterion of Christian character is given in v. 15? By what kind of a spirit is true religion characterized } V. 15. What is the duty of Christians as it regards the assu- rance of salvation ? In what Ught ought Christians to regard afflictions T vs. 17, 18. I 98 In what view should the doctrine taught in vs. 19 — 23 lead us to look on the present life 1 In what way do Christians regard the things of heaven! V. 22. What effect ought the hope of heaven to produce on usi vs. 24, -25. How ought we to regard the Holy Spirit? vs. 26, 27. What ground of confidence is presented in v. 28 1 CHAP. 8: 29—39. 29For whom he did foreknow, he also did predestinate to be conformed to the image of his Son, that he might be the first-born among many brethren. 30Moreover, whom he did predestinate, them he also called : and whom he called, them he also justified : and whom he justified, them he also glorified. -^^What shall we then say to these things 1 If God be for us, who can be against us 1 ^-He that spared not his own Son, but de- livered liim up for us all, how shall he not with him also freely give us all things! 33\Yiio shall lay any thing to the charge of God's elect 1 It is God that jus- tifieth. 3^ Who is he that condemneth ? It is Christ that died, yea rather, that is risen again, who is even at the right hand of God, who also maketh intercession for usi 35 Who shall separate us from the love of Christ 1 Srhall tribulation, or distress, or persecution, or famine, or na- kedness, or peril, or sword 1 ^^As it is written. For thy sake we are killed all the day long ; we are accounted as sheep for the slaughter. 3'IVay, in all these things we? are more than conquerors, through him that loved us. 3*For I am persuaded, that neither death, nor life, nor angels, nor principalities, nor powers, nor things pre- sent, nor things to come, 39nor height, nor depth, nor any other creature, shall be able to separate us from the love of God, which is in Christ Jesus our Lord. «t 99 Anal'gsis. What arguments in favour of the safety of believers are presented in this section'? vs. 29^ 30, and 21 — 29. On what principle does Paul's first argument depend 1 Jlns. On the unchangeableness of the divine pur- poses. What is the foundation of the second argument } vs. 31 — 34. Ans. The greatness and constancy of the love of God. What conclusion is drawn from all these arguments in vs. 35—39 1 Coimnentary. (29) What is the connexion of this verse with the pre- ceding one } In what sense is the word forehnow to be here under- stood? see ch. 11: 2. 1 Peter 1: 20; compare Acts 2: 23. 1 Peter 1: 2. What is the next step, in the order of salvation, after the selection of the objects of mercy 1 What is meant by predestination } compare Acts 4: 28, Eph. 1: 5, 11. 1 Cor. 2: 7. To what are believers predestinated 1 In what respects are they to be like Christ 1 see Eph. 1: 4, 5. 1 Cor. 15: 49. Phil. 3: 21. In what relation does Christ stand to believers ? What is the meaning here of the term Jirst-born ? Ps. 89: 27. Col. 1: 15. (30) What is the next step in the order of our salva- tion? What is meant by the expression "he called?" see v. 28. 1 Cor. 1: 24. 7: 15, 18. Heb. 9: 15. - What blessings are certauily consequent on our being thus called 1 What is meant here by the terms justified and gloTi" fied? *# 100 (31) What is the import of the first question in this verse ? What is the argument in this verse for the security of behevers 1 What is included in the declaration that God is for us > (32) To what manifestation of the love of God does the apostle here refer ? What inference does he draw from the fact that God has given his Son for us ? What is the meaning of the expression " his own Son?" see ch. 1: 4. Heb. 1: 5. To what did God deliver his Son"? Is. 53: 6. For whom was he thus delivered "? What is here intended by the all things which God will give us ] (33) What is the design of this and the following verse ? What is the meaning of the question here asked ? Who are intended by God's elect > Matt. 24: 22. Col. 3: 12. Tit. 1: 1. 1 Peter 1: 2. Why can notliing be laid to the charge of God's elect } (34) What is the purport of the question here asked 1 Why cannot believers be condemned ] How does Christ's death secure their justification ] How does his resurrection secure the same end 1 see ch. 4: 25. Acts 17: 31. Heb. 4: 14. 7: 25. What is meant by Christ's being at the right hand of God] Ps. 110: 1. Eph. 1: 20. Rev. 3: 21. What farther ground of confidence is presented in this verse 1 What is meant by Christ's making intercession for us 1 see V. 26. Heb. 9: 24. 1 John 2: 1. (35) What ground of confidence is presented in this verse ? What is meant by " the love of Christ ?" What is the meaning of the latter part of this verse ? (36) With what view does Paul quote Ps. 44: 22 ? 101 (37) With what is this verse to be connected 1 What is meant by our being more than conquerors ? To whom are we indebted for this victory ? (38, 39) What is the design of these verses ? What is it that Paul says nothing can accompHsh 1 What is meant by life and death here ? In what sense are the terms angels, principalities and powers to be here understood] see Eph. 1: 21. Col. 1: 16. What does the clause "neither things present, nor things to come" mean 1 In what sense are the words height and depth to be un- derstood 1 What is the meaning of the clause " nor anv other crea- ture 1" What is meant here by the love of Godi Through whom is this love exercised } jDoctri7ies. What doctrine, is taught as to election and predestina- tion in V. 29 > What is taught as to the perseverance of believers in v. 30? What is the evidence of our election 1 vs. 29, 30. What is the proper ground of the confidence of final pardon? vs. 31—39. On what should our hope of acceptance with God rest ? V. 34. In what hght ought trials and aflSictions to be viewed ? V. 35. In what relation do all created things stand to the Chris- tian 1 vs. 29—38. Whgit is taught of the love of God in this passage ? 102 Remarks. How does the plan of redemption tend at once to pro- duce confidence and to repress presumption 1 vs. 29—39. How are the Christian graces mutually connected ? vs. 29, 30. In what relation do Christians stand to Christ, and to each other ? v. 29. In what light do vs. 30 — 39 place want of confidence in God ? How ought the wonderful love of Christ to affect us 1 v. 32. How can despondency be most eiFectually prevented ] V. 34. What is the practical effect which the doctrine of this whole chapter ought to produce on us 1 CHAPTERS IX. X. XI. What subject does Paul enter upon in this chapter ? Ans. The calling of the Gentiles, and the rejection of the Jews. How far does the consideration of this subject extend > Ans. To the end of the 1 1th chapter. What is his object in the first part of the 9th ? Ans. To show that God can consistently call the Gentiles, vs. 1—24. What is the design of vs. 25—29 ? Ans. To show that such was his revealed purpose. What annunciation is made in vs. 30 — 33 1 Ans. That the Gentiles are called and the Jews rejected. What is the design of ch. 10 ? Ans. To show the necessity of the rejection of the Jews, and the pro- priety of extending the preaching of the gospel to all nations. What is the design of ch. 11 ? Ans. To show that the rejection of the Jews is neither total nor final. 103 CHAPTER IX. What is the design of vs. 1 — 5 ? How does the apostle prove his doctrine respecting the calling of the Gentiles, in vs. 6 — 24 ^ What argument is presented in vs. 25 — 29 i* What is the design of vs. 30—33 ? CHAP. 9: 1—5. Jl say the truth in Christ, I Ue not, my conscience also bearing me witness in the Holy Ghost, ^that I have great heaviness and continual sorrow in my heart. ^For I could wish that myself were accursed from Christ for my brethren, my kinsmen according to the flesh : ^who are IsraeUtes ; to whom pertaineth the adoption, and the glory, and the covenants, and the giving of the law, and the service of God, and the promises; ^whose are the fathers, and of whom, as concerning the flesh, Christ came, who is over all, God blessed for ever. Amen. Analysis. What is the design of vs. I — 3 ] What is the apostle's object in vs. 4, 5 ? Commentary. (1) How are the words in Christ to be understood } see ch. 16: 3, 7. 1 Cor 7: 39. Rom 16: 22. Phil. 2: 1. Why does Paul use both expressions " I say the truth," and " I lie not?" see Is. 38: 1. John 1: 20. To what does Paul say his conscience bore witness ? How are the words in the Holy Ghost to be connected and explained > 104 (2) What is it that Paul so solemnly asserts ? (3) What is the design of this verse ? What is the meaning of the word accursed or anathe- ma P see Lev. 27: 28, 29. Deut. 7: 26. Joshua 6: 17. Acts 23: 14. 1 Cor. 12: 3. 16: 22. Gal. 1: 8, 9. What is the force of the words /ro?n Christ 1 What is the meamng of the expression " I could wish 1" For whom does Paul express this strong affection ? What is the meaning of the phrase according to the fesh? (4) What is the design of vs. 4, 5? What is the import of the term Israelites ? see Gen. 32: 28. Hos. 12; 3. In what sense is the word adoption to be understood ? Ex. 4; 22. Deut. 14: 1. What is meant by the glory? see Ex. 29: 43. 1 Kings 8: 11. Is. 6: 4. What is meant by the covenants? Gal. 3: 16, 17. Eph. 2: 12. What is meant by " the giving of the law?" What is meant by the service ? What is meant by the promises ? Gal 3: 16. (5) What other privileges are here referred to .'* Who are intended by the fathers ? What is the antecedent of the relative ivhom here ? In what sense was Christ a descendant of the Israelites,^ What is the meaning of the phrase " as to the flesh V* In what other view is Christ here presented > Who is said to be over all ? What is meant by that expression ? Eph. 4: 6. Who is called "God blessed for ever?" How can it be proved that this refers to Christ ? Why may it not be understood as a doxology referring to God ? What is the form of the doxologies in the Old Testa- ment .> see P». 31: 21. 72: 18. »i 105 Doctrines. What is taught respecting the Holy Spirit in v. 1 ? What doctrine as to benevolence is taught in v. 3 ? How does it appear that Paul does not teach in v. 3 that it is right to be wilUng to be damned for the good of others ! In what light is church-membership presented in v. 4 ? What doctrine is taught in v. 5 respecting Jesus Christ? Remarks. What practical lesson is taught in v. 1? What test of character is suggested by vs. 2, 31 What lesson should the rejection of the Jews, notwith- standing all their privileges, teach us > How ought a pious parentage to be regarded ? How ought the fact that Christ is at once God and man to affect us ? v. 5. What lesson may be derived from these five verses, con- sidered as the introduction to the following discussion? CHAP. 9 : 6—24. 6Not as though the word of God hath taken none effect. For they are not all Israel which are of Israel : "neither, because they are the seed of Abraham, are they all children : but, in Isaac shall thy seed be called. sThat is, they which are the children of the flesh, these are not the children of God : but the children of the promise are counted for the seed. ^For this is the word of promise. At this time will I come, and Sarah shall have a son. i^And not only this ; but when Rebecca also had conceived by one, even by our father Isaac ; 11 (for the children being not yet born, neither having done any good or evil, that the purpose of God, ac- cording to election, might stand, not of works, but of him that calleth ;) '^it was said unto her, the elder shall serve the younger ; •''as it is written, Jacob have I loved, 106 t)ut Esau have I hated. i^What shall we say then ? In there unrighteousness with God? God forbid. i^For he saith to Moses, I will have mercy on whom I will have mercy, and I will have compassion on whom I will have compassion. i^go then it is not of him that willeth, nor of him that runneth, but of God that showeth mercy. I'^For the Scripture saith unto Pharaoh, Even for this same purpose have I raised thee up, that I might show my power in thee, and that my name might be declared throughout all the earth. i^Therefore hath he mercy on whom he will have mercy, and whom he will he hardeneth. i^Thou wilt say then unto me, Why doth he yet find fault? for who hath resisted his will? 2oNay but, man, who art thou that repliest against God ? Shall the thing formed say to him that formed it, Why hast thou made me thus ? 2iHath not the potter power over the clay, of the same lump to make one vessel unto honour, gnd another unto dishonour ? 22 What if God, willing to show his wrath, and to make his power known, endured with much long-suffering the vessels of wrath fitted to destruction ; 23and that he might make known the riches of his glory on the vessels of mercy, which he afore prepared unto glory. 24j]ven us, whom he hath (ialled, not of the Jews only, but also of the Gentiles ] f^nalysis. What subject does Paul here introduce ? What is the immediate design of this section ? Ans. To show that God is at perfect liberty to call the Gentiles into his kingdom. What is his first argument in support of this point ? vs. 6—13. What is his second argument ! What is the objection to the divine sovereignty pre-. sented in v. 14 ? How does Paul answer it? vs. 15, 16, and vs. 17, 18, 101 What is the second objection? v. 19. How does Paul answer it] vs. 20, 21, and vg. 22—24. Commentary. (6) What opinion did the Jews entertain respecting the promise of God to Abraham and his seed ] What is the force of the words not as though ? What had Paul said which seemed to imply that the word of God had failed } What is meant by the word of God in this place 7 How does he show that the promise of God, even ad- mitting the rejection of the Jews, was not broken 1 What is the meaning of the expression " all are not Israel that are of Israel .-*" (7) Wliat is the design of this and the following verse? Who are here intended by the seed of Abraham ? Who are intended by his children ? What is the meaning of the clause " in Isaac shall thy seed be called ?" (8) What is the force of the words that is ? Does Paul intend simply to explain the bearing of the fact mentioned in v. 7 ? W^hat analogy is there between the case of Ishmael and Isaac and that of the natural and spiritual seed of Abraham ? What is meant by the exptession "children of the promise ?" see Gal. 4: 23, 28. What is the meaning of the expression " are counted fof seed ?" (9) What is the design of this verse ? \\iiy was Isaac called a child of promise 1 What is implied in this declaration of Scripture t (10) How are the words not only this to be explained? What is the case of Rebecca and her two children cited to prove ? 108 What renders tliis case stronger than that of Isaac and Ishmael? (11) What is the force of /or here ? When was the choice between Jacob and Esau an- nounced ? Why was it made before they were bom 1 What is the meaning of the clause "neither having done good or evil ?" What is the meaning of the word purpose ? see ch. 8; 28. 2 Tim. 1: 9. How are the words according to election to be ex- plained ? What is meant by saying that this election or purpose is not of works "? compare ch. 11: 6. Gal. 2: 16. (12) With what is this verse to be connected? With what design is this passage from the Old Testa- ment quoted ? ^ns. Simply to show that God chose Jacob in preference to Esau. In what sense did Esau serve Jacob ? Is this passage to be understood of Jacob and Esau personally, or of their descendants] (13) With what view is this passage from Malachi 1: 2, 3 quoted ? Does this passage refer to Jacob and Esau, or to their descendants ? In what sense is the word hate to be here understood ^ see Gen. 29; 33. Luke 14: 26. What doctrine is taught in this and the preceding verses ? What objections are commonly urged against this doc- trine! see V. 14, and v. 19. (14) What objection to the sovereignty of God is here presented ? What is the meaning of the word unrighteousness? (15) How does Paul answer this objection.'' What is the force here of the word for ? What is the meaning of the expression " I will have ^mercy on whom I will have mercy ?" 109 (16) What inference does Paul draw from the prece- ding declaration ? To what does the word ?Y refer? What is meant by the expressions " of him that willeth'' and "of him that runneth?" On whom does the attamment of the divine blessing depend r* (17) With what is this verse to be connected ? What additional answer to the objection in v. 14 does it contain .-* What did God say to Pharaoh ? For what purpose did God raise him up ? How is the expression " I have raised thee up" to he un- derstood 1 What is the meaning of the latter clause of this verse ? (18) What conclusion does the apostle draw in this verse ? From whence is this conclusion drawn 1 In what sense is the clause " whom he will he harden* eth" to be understood ? Is. 6: 10. Deut. 2: 30. Rom. 1: 24, 28. (19) What objection to the divine sovereignty is pre» sented in this verse ^ What is meant by the expression " why doth he yet find fault?" In what sense is the clause " who hath resisted his will" to be understood ? (20) How does Paul answer this objection > On what is the objection under consideration founded ^ On what principle is Paul's answer to it founded ? What design had the apostle in this passage, besides answering the objection in question ? What is the purport of the last clause of this verse ? (21) What is the design of this verse > What is the meaning of the word poxver 1 Matt. 2U 23. 1 Cor 9: 5. 110 What is intended in this passage by the himp ? What is meant by the phrases " vessel unto honour" and " unto dishonour ]" What is the point of this illustration 1 (22, 23) What is Paul's second answer to the objec- tion contained in v. 19 ? What is the design of the punishment of the wicked ? What is the design of the salvation of the righteous ^ What is meant here by tvrath ? ch. 1:18. How is the power of God manifested in the destruction of the wicked 1 How does God treat even wicked men ? What is meant by the expression " vessels of v^ath ?" How is the expression " fitted for destruction to be understood ?" What is meant by the phrase " riches of his glory 1" What is meant by the expression " vessels of mercy ?" In what sense is the phrase "afore prepared" to be understood? compare Eph. 2: 10. Acts 13: 48. (24) Who are intended by the words even us ? What is meant by the calling here spoken oil ch. 8: 28, 30. With what special view does Paul here mention that Gentiles as well as Jews are called } Doctrines. What is taught in vs. 6 — 12 as to the connexion with pious parents, as a ground of confidence towards God 1 What doctrine respecting election does Paul here teach } How may it be proved that this election is to eternal life? see vs. 15, 16, 18. How may it be proved that it is a choice of individuals ? What is the foundation of this election ? How may it be proved that it is a sovereign choice } see vs."ll, 16, 18; comp. 2 Tim. 1: 9. What are the two leading objections against this doc- trine.^ vs. 14, 19. Ill How does Paul answer them ? vs. 15 — 23. How do men become the children of God ? v. 8. How is V. 11 to be reconciled with the doctrine of ori- ginal sin '? What is taught in vs. 17, 22, 23, as to the design of God in all his works ? How is the necessity of the use of means to be recon- ciled with the doctrine of the apostle in this passage 1 How are men, considered as the objects of election, re- garded ? What is the doctrine of reprobation as taught in vs. 18, 22, and ch. 1; 24, 28 ? Semarks. What practical effect ought the doctrine of God's sove- reignty to have upon us ? What is the proper method of answering objections to the articles of our faith? vs. 15, 17. What first principle of theological knowledge is sug- gested in vs. 15 — 19 ] In what light does v. 20 present cavilling against God? What duty in reference to the divine dispensation is suggested by vs. 20 — 24 ? What ought we to make the end of our desires and pursuits? vs. 17, 22, 23. What effect ought the fact that God often gives up the wicked to a reprobate mind to produce upon the im- penitent 1 CHAP. 9; 25—33. 25As he saith also in Osee, I will call them my people, which were not my people ; and her beloved, which was not beloved. 26And it shajl come to pass, that in the place where it was said unto them. Ye are not my peo- ple ; there shall they be called the children of the Uving 112 God. 27Esaias also crieth concerning Israel, Though the number of the children of Israel be as the sand of the sea, a remnant shall be saved. ^^For he will finish the work, and cut it short in righteousness ; because a short work will the Lord make upon the earth, ^s^nd as Esaias said before, Except the Lord of Sabaoth had left us a seed, we had been as Sodom, and been made like unto Gomorrha. 3o\yhat shall we say then ? that the Gentiles, which followed not after righteousness, have attained to righteousness, even the righteousness which is of faith. ^^'QwX Israel, which followed after the law of righteousness, hath not attained to the law of righteousness. 32 Wherefore ? Because they sought it not by faith, but as it were by the works of the law: for they stumbled at that stumbling-stone; ^^as it is written, Behold, I lay in Sion a stumbling-stone and rock of offence: and whosoever believeth on him shall not be ashamed, Analysis. At what conclusion had the apostle arrived at the close of the previous section ? How does he confirm this conclusion 1 What are vs. 25, 26 designed to prove ? What truth are vs. 27 — 29 intended to establish } What zjiference is drawn from these promises in vs. 30, 31 ? What is the ground of the rejection of the Jews ? vs. 32, 33. Commentary. (25) What is the first part of the general conclusion contained in v. 24 ? How does Paul confirm this conclusion ? To what class of persons does the passage in Hosea 2 ; 23,|refer.? Or what principle is it applicable to Paul's object } lis (26) What is the second passage, quoted from Hosea 1 : 10 ? How does this apply to the apostle's argument ? (27, 28) What is the second pait of the conclusion contained in v, 24 ? How is this confirmed ? What is the purport of the passage quoted from Is. 10: 22, 23 ? How does it apply to the apostle's argument ? What is the meaning here of the expression " he will finish the work?" What is the meaning of the expression " cut it short in righteousness ?" What is the meaning of the clause " for a short work will the Lord make in the earth ?" (29) What is the second passage quoted from Isaiah 1; 9 ? What is the object of this quotation ? What is the meaning of the v/ord Sabaoth ? What is the meaning of the phrase "Lord of Hosts?" Ans. Lord of the universe ; compare 1 Kings 22: 19. Ps. 148. 2. Jer. 33: 22. (30) W'hat inference is drawn from the preceding arguments in this verse ? How are the Gentiles here descril)ed 1 What is meant by their not following after righteousness? In what sense is the word righteousness to be under- stood? Gal. 2:21. 3: 21. What is meant by the expression "have attained to righteousness ? ' What is meant by " the righteousness which is of faith?" (31) How are the Jews here described? What is meant by the phrase " law of righteousness ?" In what sense did the Jews follow after righteousness ? (32) WTiat was the reason that the Jews did not attain justification ? 114 How did they seek it ? What is the force of the words as it -mere P What is meant by the last clause of this verse ? (33) Where had it been predicted that the Jews would reject the Messiah? Is. 8: 14. 28: 16. Who is intended by the expressions " stumbling-stone" and " rock of offence 1" Why is Christ so called ? What is the meaning of the passage in Is. 28: 16 ? How is it applicable to the apostle's object? compare 1 Peter 2: 6. Matt. 21: 42. Acts 4: 11. What is the meaning of the passage Is. 8: 14 > How can it be shown to refer to Christ"? compare Ps. 118: 22, and the passages just referred to. Doctrines. How does it appear from vs. 35, 26 that those excluded from the pale of the ^dsible church are not beyond the reach of God's mercy ? What do vs. 27, 28, 29 teach as to the proportion between the nominal and sincere people of God in the ancient church i* What do vs. 30, 31 teach as to the evil of error on the subject of religion f* On what ground are men to be condemned ^ v. 32. In what way has Christ been regarded by unrenewed j^men ? V. 33, Memarks. What ground of thankfulness to God is presented in vs. 25, 26. What motive to caution is suggested in vs. 27 — 29 ^ What form of error is most destructive > v. 32. What test of character .is presented in v. 33 } 115 CHAPTER X. What is the general design of this chapter 1 CHAP. 10: 1—10. 'Brethren, my heart's desire and prayer to God for Israel is, that they might be saved. ^Por I bear them record, that they have a zeal of God, but not according to knowledge. ^Por they being ignorant of God's righteousness, and going about to establish their own righteousness, have not submitted themselves unto the righteousness of God. ^For Christ is the end of the law for righteousness to every one that believeth. ^For Moses describeth the righteousness wliich is of the law, That the man which doeth those things shall live by them. 6jBut the righteousness which is of faith speak- eth on this wise. Say not in thine heart, Who shall ascend into heaven ] (that is, to bring Christ down /row above:) ^r, Who shall descend into the deep? (that is, to bring up Christ again from the dead.) ^But what saith it ? The word is nigh thee, even in thy mouth, and in thy heart : that is, the word of faith which we preach ; ^that if thou shalt confess with thy mouth the Lord Jesus, and shalt beUeve in thine heart that God hath raised him from the dead, thou shalt be saved. loPor with the heart man believeth unto righteousness ; and with the mouth confession is made unto salvation. Analysis. What is the object of verses 1, 2 ? On what ground were the Jews rejected ? vs. 3, 4. What is the character of the legal method of justifica- tion 1 V. 5. 116 What is the character of the gospel method of justifica- tion? vs. 6—10. With what view does Paul compare and contrast these two methods ? Covimentary. (1) Why does Paul again assure his bretlu-en of his affection ? Who are intended here by Israel ? What was Paul's earnest desiie respecting them ? (2) W^hat is the object of this verse ? What is meant by the phrase " zeal of God ?" compare John 2: 17. Acts 21: 20. 22: 3. In what respect was their zeal defective ? What is meant by the expression " not according to knowledge ?" (3) How does Paul prove that their zeal was not en- lightened ? Of what were they ignorant } What is meant by the righteousness of God ? see ch. 1: 17. 3: 21. Phil. 3: 9. What is meant by their own righteousness ? How is the whole phrase "going about to establish their own righteousness" to be understood,^ What was the consequence of this 1 What is meant by their not submitting to the righteous- ness of God ? (4) What is the connexion of this verse with the pre- ceding ? In what sense is the word end to be here understood ] In what sense is Christ the end of the law,^ Eph. 2: 15. Col. 2: 14. Gal. 3: 13. For what purpose has Christ fulfilled and abolished the law ? What is the meaning of the expression " for righteous- 117 To whom does Christ thus secure righteousness or jus- tification ? (5) What is the connexion between this and the pre- ceding verse ? With what design does Paul introduce a description of the legal method of justification ? What is meant by the phrase " righteousness of the law?" How is the passage quoted from Moses to bexmderstood? In what sense is the expression " shall live" to be un^ derstood 1 (6, 7) What is meant by " the righteousness of faith ?" What is the import of the expression, " speaketh on this wise ?" What is the general design of these verses 1 What is intended by saying a thing is " liigh" or " afar off," or, " in heaven 1" ^ns. That it is inaccessible ; see Job 11: 7, 8. Ps. 139: 6. Prov. 24: 7. W^hat then is implied in the question " who shall ascend into heaven ■?" In what sense is the word deep here used ? Job 28; 14. Ps. 139 : 8. Amos 9: 2. What is imphed in the question " who shall descend into the deep ?" How are the clauses " that is, to bring Christ dovvTi," and, " that is, to bring up Christ again from the dead," to be explained ] ^?is. They are explanatory sub- stitutes for the passages quoted from the Old Testa- ment. ' The gospel does not require impossibilities. It does not tell us to ascend to heaven, that is, it does not tell us to provide a Sa\'iour,;i&c.' Where does the passage quoted by Paul occur? ^ns, Deut. 30: 10—14. How is the passage in Deuteronomy to be understood ? (8) If the gospel does not require us to ascend into heaven, what does it require ? '^hat is meant by saying a thmg is " nigh," " in the 118 mouth," and "in the heart?" Ans. That it is ac- cessible, easy, well known. What is the meaning of the phrase "the word of faith?" (9) What is the connexion of this verse with the pre- ceding > What are the two requisites for salvation here men- tioned ? What is it that we are required to confess? Acts 11: 20. 1 Cor. 12: 3. Phil. 2: 11. How is this confession to be made ? Why is the open confession of Christ thus necessary ] compare Matt. 10: 32. Luke 12: 8. 1 John 4: 15. What is the second requisite i* What is that we are required to believe ? What is involved in believing that God raised Christ from the dead? ch. 1: 4. 4: 25. Acts 13: 32, 33. 1 Cor. 15: 14. What is the nature of this faith? (10) What is the design of this verse ? What is the meaning of the expression " unto right- eousness ?" What is the nature of the confession which we are re- quired to make ? How is faith connected with justification ? How is confession connected with salvation ? Doctrines. W^hat is taught concerning zeal in v. 2 ? In what light is the doctrine of justification presented in V. 3? What does v. 3 represent as the foundation of false hopes of the divine favour ? What is the first and immediate duty of the sinner? v. 3. What is the immediate ground of condemnation of those who perish under the sound of the gospel 1 v. 3. In what Ught does the doctrine of v. 4, present the Lord Jesus ? 119 In what respects is Christ the end of the law ? What is taught respecting the legal method of justifica- tion in vs. 5 — 7 1 In what light is the gospel method of salvation presented in vs. 6—9 ] "What is taught in vs. 9, 10 respecting the confession of Christ? What is taught in v. 10 respecting faith? Iie)narks. What practical lesson respecting zeal may be derived from V. 2 1 What caution is suggested by v. 3 ? What test of the truth of any doctrine is suggested by V. 4? How should the conduct of those persons be regarded who are depending on their own righteousness ? vs. 5 — 7. In what light do vs. 8, 9, present the sin of rejecting the gospel ? What is to be thought of those who are ashamed to confess Christ? vs. 9, 10. CHAP. 10: 11— 21. i^For the Scripture saith, Whosoever believeth on him shall not be ashamed. '^Por there is no difference be- tween the Jew and the Greek : for the same Lord over all is rich unto all that call upon him. i^Por whosoever shall call upon the name of the Lord shall be saved. J^Hov/ then shall they call on him in whom they have not believed ? and how shall they believe in him of whom they have not heard 1 and how shall they hear without a preacher 1 i^and how shall they preach, ex- cept they be sent ? as it is written, How beautiful are the feet of them that preach the gospel of peace, and bring glad tidings of good things ! i^But they have not 120 all obeyed the gospel. For Esais saith, Lord, who hath believed our report ? ^''So then, faith cometh by hearing, and hearing by the word of God. ^^But I say, Have they not heard 1 Yes, verily, their sound went into all the earth, and their words unto the ends of the world. i9But I say, Did not Israel know ? First Moses saith, I will provoke you to jealousy by them that are no people, and by a fooUsh nation I will anger you. sogut Esaias is very bold, and saith, I was found of them that sought me not ; I was made manifest unto them that asked not for me. 2i]3ut to Israel he saith. All day long I have stretched forth my hands unto a disobedient and gain- saying people. Analysis. What was Paul's object in contrasting the two methods of justification ? What two points are established by the quotation in v. 11? What is the design of vs. 12, 13 1 What inference does Paul draw from the fact that the gospel is adapted to all men? vs. 14 — 17. What is the design of vs. 18 — 21 ? Commentary. (11) With what view is this passage quoted ? What are the points which it is designed to establish > (12) What is the connexion of this verse with the pre- ceding ? Why is the same plan of salvation adapted to all men > compare ch. 3: 22. In what respect is there no difference between the Jew and the Gentile > How does Paul prove that there is no difference between them ? Does the word Lord here refer to Christ or to God > 121 What is meant by the clause " the same Lord over all ?^ In what sense are the words is vlcli to be understood % What is meant by the phrase " who call upon him ?^' Gen. 4: 26. Is. 64: 7. Acts 2: 21. i Cor. 1: 2. (13) What is this passage designed to prove ] What is the meaning of the passage in Joel 2: 28, 32] How does it bear on the apostle's object ? ( 1 4) How does Paul here argue that the gospel should be preached to all ] Why is faith necessary to invocation 1 (15) With what view does Paul quote Is. 52: '/"I W hat is the meaning of this passage as it stands in Isaiah .' What is meant by the expression "gospel of peace V What is meant by " glad tidings of good things?" What is meant by saying the feet of such messengers are beautiful ? (16) Is this verse the language of Paul or an objector? Is it immediately connected with the context, or is it a parenthesis ? With what view is the passage from Isaiah quoted ? In what sense is the word report to be understood ? (17) With what is tliis vei'se to be connected] Ajis.- With vs. 14, 15. In what sense is the word hearing to be taken ? How does faith come by hearing ? How is " hearing by the word of God ]" (18) What is the design of this verse ? Ans. To show that, in conformity with the will of God, the gospel had already been widely preached. Who are intended by the word they in the question " Have they not heard ?" With what view does Paul quote the 19th Psahn? Does that Psalm refer to the preachhig of the gospel ? What is meant liy the expression " their sound wei:>t into all the earth ?" 122 (19) What does Paul mean to say that the Jews knew ? How does he prove that the caUing of the Gentiles might be known by them 1 To what does the woid^/lrst here refer 1 What is the meaning of Deut. 32: 21, as it stands in the Old Testament > How does it bear upon the object of the apostle ? What is meant by the expression *' them that are no people?" In what sense is the word foolish to be understood] " (20, 21) What other passage does Paul quote i* What is meant by the expression " is very bold and saith?" To what does this passage refer as it stands in Isaiah "? Who are here intended by those ' who did not seek God ?' A71S. The Gentiles. In what sense did God manifest himself to the Gen- tiles 1 With what view is the passage in v. 21 recited 1 Ans. To show that Isaiah predicted the rejection of the Jews. What is meant by the expression " I have stretched out my hands ?" How did the Jews treat the invitations of God ? Doctrines. What is taught as to the nature of Christianity in vs. 11—131 What does v. 12 teach respecting the relation in which all men stand to God ? What is taught in v. 13 as to the universality of the offer of salvation ? What do vs. 14, 15, represent as the great means of salvation ? What doctrine do vs. 14, 15, teach on the subject of missions ? 123 What do vs. 11, 12, 15, teach as to the evangelical character of the Old Testament i* . Remarks. What spirit should vs. 11 — 13 lead Christians to culti- vate ■? What duty does v. 12 suggest? What important duty may be inferred from vs. 14, 15? In what light does v. 17 present the importance of the ministry of the gospel ? What effect ought the fact that few heheve the gospel to have upon us ? v. 16. What important practical truth is taught in v. 19 ] What truth is taught in v. 20 > In what light does v. 21 present the dealings of God with the impenitent ] What caution to us is administered by v. 21 1 CHAPTER XI. Of how many parts does this chapter consist } Ans, Two, vs. 1—10, and vs. 11—36. Wliat is the design of the first part ? Ans. To teach that the rejection of the Jews is not total. What is the design of the second part ? Ans. To show that this rejection is not final. CHAP. 11: 1—10. 'I say then, Hath God cast away his people ? God forbid. For I also am an Israelite, of the seed of Abra- ham, of the tribe of Benjamin. 2God hath not cast away his people which he foreknew. Wot ye not what 124 the scripture saith of Elias ? how he maketh interces- sion to God against Israel, saying, ^Lord, they have killed thy prophets, and digged down thine altars; and I am left alone, and they seek my life. ^But what saith the answer of God unto him ? I have reserved to my- self seven thousand men, who have not bowed the knee to the image of Baal. ^Even so then at this present time also, there is a remnant according to the election of grace. 6/^nd if by grace, then is it no more of works : otherwise grace is no more grace. But if it be of works, then is it no more grace : otherwise work is no more work. ''What then ? Israel hath not obtained that which he seeketh for ; but the election hath obtained it, and the rest were blinded. ^(According as it is written, God hath given them the spirit of slumber, eyes that they should not see, and ears that they should not hear) unto this day. ^And David saith. Let their table be made a snare, and a trap, and a stumbling-block, and a recompence unto them : i^Iet their eyes be darkened, that they may not see , and bow down their back alway. Analysis. How does Paul prove that the rejection of the Jews is not total 1 To what analogous fact in their history does he refer in vs. 2— 4? To what is the salvation of this remnant to be referred ? vs. 5, 6. What is the state of the case as to the Jew ? v. 7. What is the design of vs. 8 — 10 ? CGmmentarij. (1) What difficulty is obviated in this verse? Whence would the objection here pi-esented naturally arise 1 How does Paul answer the objection } 125 In what sense are the words his people to be under- stood ? How is the question in this verse to be understood ? What example does Paul cite to show that all the Jews were not rejected ? What is meant here by the expressions " Israelite" and " of the seed of Abraham?" Why is Paul thus particular in mentioning his descent ? (2) How is this verse to be understood ? Does it refer to the external or spiritual people of God ? How does it appear that the latter are here intended ? compare vs. 5 — 7, and ch. 9: 6 — 8. How is the expression " whom he foreknew" to be ex- plained? see ch. 8: 29. What is the meaning of the words xvof ye not P What is meant here by of or in Elias ? ^7is. In the section which treats of Elias; compare Mark 12: 26. 'What does the expression " to make intercession against" mean ] ,(3) To what passage does Paul here refer? 1 Kings 19: 10. To what defection of the Jews does it relate 1 What is the point to which Paul has special reference ? (4) What answer did God give to the prophet's com- plaint ? What is the meaning of the words anstver of God? How is the faithful portion of the Jews here described ? What is meant by boAving the knee to Baal 1 What is the meaning of the word Baal ? Ans. Lord. What heathen deity is here intended 1 (5) What is the design of this verse ? Ajis, It con- tains the application of the illustration in v. 4 to the case in hand. What is the meaning of the phrase " election of grace?" In what sense is this election gracious ? What is meant by saying that this remnant is accord- ing to a gracious election? vs. 21, 24. 126 What bearing has this verse on Paul's object ? (6) How does this verse stand related to the preceding ] What is the meaning of the phrase " if by grace ?" What is the meaning of the phrase " it is no more of works ]"' On what is the election here spoken of founded ? To what blessings are those here referred to chosen ? What is Paul's argument in the latter part of this verse ? (7) What is the design of this verse ? What is the import of the question "What then?" .^ns. What is the inference from what has been said ? Who are intended here by Israel ? What blessings did the Jews seek? see ch. 9; 30, 31. 10: 3. Who did obtain this blessing? W^hat is here meant by the word election ? .Ins. The chosen portion of the Jews. What became of the rest ? What is meant by their being blinded or hardened ? (8) Whence is this passage quoted ? Ans. It is made up of several passages; Is. 6: 9, 10. Deut. 29; 4. Is. 29: 10. To whom do these passages refer in the Old Testament 1 On what principle are they quoted and applied by the the apostle ] W hat is meant b}" the expression " God hath given to them ?" compare ch. 9: 18. What is meant by the " spirit of slumber?" In what sense are the expressions " eyes that they should not see," and " ears that they should not hear," to be understood ? With what are the words unto this day to be connected? (9, 1 0) Whence is the next quotation made 1 Ans. From Ps. 69: 22, 23. 127 How can it be proved that this Psahn refers to Christ ? compare v. 9 of the Ps. with John 2: 17, and v. 21 with John 19: 28, 29. What is the impoit of the imperative form in the ex- pression " Let their table be ?" What is the general sense of these figurative expres- sions? ^ins. That their blessings shall become a curse. Wliat is intended by the expressions in v. 10 ? How are such imprecations as these and others in the Psalms to be reconciled with the spirit of true reUgion 1 Ans. Because they are not the expressions of a desire of private revenge, but merely one form of denouncing the just vengeance of God against sinners. Doctrines. W^hat is taught in vs. 1, 2, respecting the gifts and call- ing of God ? What do vs. 2 — 4 teach in reference to the apostacy of churches 1 To what is the fidelity of those who remain faithful in the midst of general defection to be referred ? What is taught in reference to election in vs. 6, 7 ] W'hat does v. 7 teach as the reason that God abandons men ? What are the consequences of this reprobation ? vs. 8—10. Hemcij'ks. What pi actical inferences are to be deduced fiom vs. 1—4:1 On what does the safety of believers depend > vs. 5, 6. How is salvation to be sought ] v. 7. What eflfect should our dependence upon God produce upon us ^ V. 7. , 128 How should the doctrine of vs. 7, 8, lead men to feel and act ? What practical lesson do vs. 9, 10, teach us ] CHAP. 11: n— 36. I'l say then, Have they stumbled that they should fall ? God forbid : but rather through their fall salva- tion is come unto the Gentiles, for to provoke them to jealousy. J^jsfow if the fall of them be the riches of the world, and the diminishing of them the riches of the Gentiles, how much more their fulness ? i-For I speak to you Gentiles, inasmuch as I am the apostle of the Gentiles, I magnify mine office ; i-^if by any means I may provoke to onulation them -which are my flesh, and might save some of them. i^Por if the casting away of them be the reconciling of the world, what shall the receiving of them be, but life from the dead ? i6For if the first-fruit be holy, the lump is also holy : and if the root be holy, so are the branches. I'^And if some of the branches be broken off, and thou, being a wild oUve-tree, wert graffed in among them, and with them partakest of the root and fatness of the olive-tree: ''boast not against the branches. But if thou boast, thou bearest not the root, but the root thee. '^Thou wilt say then. The branches were broken oif, that I might be graffed in. 20Well ; because of unbelief they were broken off; and thou standest by faith. Be not high-minded, but fear: 2;for if God spared not the natural branches, take heed lest he also spare not thee. 22Behold therefore the goodness and severity of God ; on them which fell, severity ; but towards thee, good- ness ; if thou continue in his goodness : otherwise thou also shalt be cut off. 23And they also, if they bide not still in unbeUef, shall be graffed in : for God is able to graff them in again. 24^ or if thou wert cut out of the 129 ^•live-tree which is wild by nature, and wert graffed con- traiy to nature into a good olive-tree ; how much more shall these, which be the natural branches, be gralfed into their owm oUve-tree ? -^For I would not, brethren, that ye should be ignorant of this mystery, lest ye should be wise in your own conceits, that blindness in pait is happened to Israel, until the fulness of the Gentiles be come in. ^G^nd so all Israel shall be saved : as it is written, there shall come out of Sion the Deliverer, and shall turn away ungodliness from Jacob : ^'for this is my covenant unto them, when I shall take away their sins. "^^Ks concerning the gospel, they are enemies for your sakes : but as touching the election, they are beloved for the father's sakes. -'For the gifts and calling of God are without repentance. ^^For as ye m times past have not beUeved God, yet have now obtained mercy through their unbeUef: Eleven so have these also now not believed, that through your mercy they also may obtain mercy. 32For God hath concluded them all in unbelief, that he might have mercy upon all. ^^O the depth of the riches both of the wisdom and knowledge of God! How un- searchable are his judgments, and his waj's past finding out! 3,For who hath known the mind of the Lord I or who hath been his counsellor ? ^J Or who hath first given to him, and it shall be recompensed unto him again ? st'For of him, and tlnrough him, and to him, are all thmgs : to whom be glory for ever. Amen. Analysis. What is the general design of this section ? What is Paul's object in vs, 11 — 24? Ans. To show that the restoration of the Jews is both desirable and probable. What is his object in the latter part of the chapter ? vs. 25 — 32. Ans. To show that this restoration is aC' tually to occur. 130 What is the design of the temporary rejection of the Jews? V. 11, How is the restoration of the Jews shown to be probable and desirable ■? vs. 12 — 16. With what view are vs. 13, 14 introduced ? What is the design of vs. 17—22] What is the design of vs. 23, 24 r* What does Paul prove in vs. 25, 26 ] By what arguments is the restoration of the Jews estab- lished in vs. 26, 27, 28, 29 > What conclusion is stated in vs. 30 — 32 ] What is the design of vs. 33—36 > Commentary. (11) What is the general meaning of this verse"? What is the difference here between the words stumble and fall P What is the force of the word that P Ans. It expresses the result. ' They have not so stumbled that they should utterly perish.' What is the design of the temporary rejection of the Jews? What is meant by the clause " through their fall salva- tion is come unto the Gentiles ?" How did the rejection of the Jews facilitate the con- version of the Gentiles? compare Acts 13: 46. 28: 1 Thess. 2: 14, 15. What effect was the conversion of the Gentiles designed to produce on the Jews ? What is meant by the expression " to provoke them to jealousy 1" (12) What is the general meaning of this verse ? How does it bear upon the apostle's object 1 What is the meaning of the expiession "the fall of them ?" What is the equivalent expression in the next clause 1 Jlns. The diminishing of them. 131 What does that expression mean ? ^ns. Their loss or inferior condition. What is meant by the word fulness P compare John 1: ]6. Eph. 3: 19. What is the meaning of the expressions " riches of the world," and "riches of the Gentiles?" How did the ruin of the Jews promote the welfare of the Gentiles ? How will their restoration promote the welfare of the Gentiles ? (13) What is the apostle's object in vs. 13, 14? How is this verse connected with the preceding ? Why did Paul address the preceding remark to the Gentiles especially ? What is the tnith that he wished the Gentiles to bear in mind ? In what sense was Paul the apostle of the Gentiles ? compare Gal. 1: 16. Eph. 3: 8. What is the meanmg of the expression " I magnify my office ?" (14) Why did Paul wish to render his ministry suc- cessful among the Gentiles ? What is meant by the phrase " to provoke to emulation?'* Who are intended in the expression "them that are my flesh?" Why did Paul wish to excite the emulation of the Jews ? (15) What is the connexion of this verse with the preceding ? What is meant by the "reconcihng of the world?" compare Eph. 2: 1 1—22. How was this promoted by the rejection of the Jews 1 What is meant by the expression, " the receiving of them ?" What will be the consequence of the restoration of the Jews'? What is the meaning of the expression " life from the dead ?" 132 How is the conversion of the Jews to be the means ef so much good ? (] 6) What is the general idea expressed in this verse 1 Ans. ' If one portion of the Jewish people is holy, so is the other.' What two figures does Paul use to express this idea ? To what custom does he allude in the first figure ? Num. 15: 20. Who are intended by the first fruits and the branches in this passage ? Who are intended by the lump and the y^oot ? In what sense is the word holy to be taken in this pas- sage ] Matt. 4: 5. 1 Cor. 7: 14. What is the nature of the argument, in favour of the restoration of the Jews, contained in this verse ^ (17) What is the design of vs. 17—241 Ans. To make such an application of the truths just taught as should prevent the exultation of the Gentiles over the Jews. What is the purport of this verse ? Whom does Paul compare to the good olive tree ? What was the character of the olive tree 1 Whom does he compare to the wild olive? What kind of a tree was the wild olive ? Is it customary to graft wild scions into cultivated stocks? Who are intended here by the root? In what sense did the Gentiles partake of the blessings of the ancient patriarchs ? (18) Against what improper disposition does Paul cau- tion the Gentiles? Why ought the Gentiles to abstain from boasting over the Jews 1 (19) What doctrine had Paul taught which the Gen- tiles would be disposed to make an occasion of boast- ing ? (30) What is the design of this verse? Ans. Toshovr 133 that the rejection of the Jews arose from no partiality for the Gentiles, and therefore afforded them no ex- cuse for boasting. What was the true reason for the rejection of the Jews? What inference should the Gentiles draw from the fact that the Jews were rejected on account of unbelief? (21) What is the design of this verse ? A^is. To show that the Gentiles had even more reason to fear than the Jews had. Why was it more probable that God would spare the Jews, than the Gentiles'? (22) What effect ought these dispensations of God ta produce upon us ? What attribute of God was manifested in his dealings with the Gentiles ? What attribute was manifested in his dealings with the Jews ] On what condition was the continuance of the divine favour to the Gentiles suspended ? What is meant by the clause " if ye continue in his goodness ?" What was threatened in oase of their disobedience? (23) What prevents the return of the Jews to the church of God ? What is meant by saying " God is able to graff them in again ?" (24) What is the general meaning of this verse ? On what account are the Gentiles compared to a tree wild by nature ] Why is their introduction into the church compared to a thing " contrary to nature 1" What inierence does Paul draw from the dealings of God towards the Gentiles ? (25) What future event is predicted in this verse ? How may it be proved that this verse predicts a general conversion of the Jews ? M 134 What argument may be derived from the context 1 What argument does Paul's mode of expression fur-^ nish ? V/hat is the meanmg of the word mystery? Jlns. Something hidden; something which can be known only by divine revelation ; compare ch. 16: 25. 1 Cor. 2: 7. 4: 1, where the gospel is called a mystery ; and Eph. 3: 4. 1 Cor. 15: 51, where some particular doc- trine is so called. Why did the apostle wish the Gentiles to be informed of the future conversion of the Jew^s ? What is meant by the expression " lest ye should be wise in your own conceits ?" What is meant by the expression " blindness in part ?" How long is this bUndness of the Jews to continue? What is meant by the phrase " fulness of the Gen- tiles?" What is meant by the words be come in ? What event is to follow the conversion of the fulness of the Gentiles'? (26) In what sense is the word Israel to be understood? How are we to understand the declaration that all Is- rael shall be saved ? W^hat passage does Paul cite in support of this doc- trine ? Is. 59. 20. Who is intended by the deliverer here spoken of? What does the prophet predict that he should accom- plish ? How does it appear that this prophecy includes the ge- neral conversion of the Jews ? How is Paul's quotation of Is. 59: 20 to be reconciled with the passage as it stands in the Old Testament 1 (27) Does this verse contain a quotation from any one passage in the Old Testament ] What is its general meaning ? To what does the word this refer, m the clause " for thii} is iny covenant ?" 135 What is the meaning of the clause " when I shall take away their sin ?" (28) What is the design of this and the following verse ? Ans. They contain a recapitulation of what Paul had taught in the pievious verses. To whom are the Jews said to be enemies 1 W^hat is here intended by saying they were enemies of God? What is the meaning of the clause " as concerning the gospel ?" Why were the Jews thus treated as enemies 1 In what respect are they yet beloved ? What is meant by saying they were beloved ] What is the meaning of the expression " as touching the election!" Why does God still regard the Jews with special fa- vour? (29) How does this verse confirm the statement of v. 28. What is the general truth which this verse contains 1 I what i stood ? Does the election here spoken of refer to an election to eternal Ufe, or to external religious advantages ? (30, 31) What do these verses contain } In what state were the Gentiles formerly ? How did they obtain mercy 1 How was the unbelief of the Jews the reason of the salvation of the Gentiles ? In what state are the Jews now ? By what means is their restoration to be effected ? (32) What is the meaning of the words hath con- chidedP see Gal. 3: 22. In what sense has God given all up to unbelief] What is the meaning of the latter clause of this verse ] What is the apostle's object in this verse ? 136 {23) To what does the passage vs. 33 — 36 relate ? What are the principal ideas included in it 1 What is the difference here between the words -wisdom and knoxvledge ? To what exhibition of the divine wisdom and know- ledge does Paul here refer ] What is the meaning of the words his judgments ? What is meant by the words Ms tvdys ? (34) What is the force oi for here ? What is meant by the " mind of the Lord ?" In what respect is God here declared to be independent of man 1 (35) What is the purport of this verse 1 Aiis. That no creature can place God under any obligation. How does this apply to the doctrines which Paul had been teaching 1 (36) What is the reason why no creature can make God his debtor ? What is intended by the expressions " o/him," " through him" and ''to him?" What led the apostle to the declaration of the all-suffi- ciency and sovereignty of God ] Doctrines. What is taught in this passage as to a general con- version of the Jews? see vs. 11, 31. vs. 12, 15, and V. 25. What is taught as to the unity of the church in vs. 17—24 ? What doctrine as to the providence of God is taught in vs. U, 3n What doctrine respecting the responsibility of organized communities is taught in vs. 1 1 — 24 ? On what does the security of every society depend ? 137 What do vs. 1 6, 28, 29, teach respecting the covenant of God? What important truth is taught in vs. 33 — 36 > Remarks. What effect ought the mutual relation of Clu-istiaiis and Jews to produce on us ? What lessons should the deaUngs of God with the Jews teach us ? In what light ought wc to regard a connexion with the covenant people of God } vs. 16, 27 — 29. W^hat solemn admonition does the fate of the Jews sug- gest? vs. 19—24. W^hat is our duty in reference to tlie restoration of the Jews? vs. 13, 14. What duty arises out of the intimate connexion of men as members of the same society ] W hat ground of consolation and hope is presented in v. 29? What test of Chiistian character is suggested by vs. 33—36 > What criterion of doctrinal truth do these verses pre- sent? CHAPTER XII. Of how many parts does this chapter consist ? Ans. Two, vs. 1—8, and vs. 9-21. Of what does the first ti-eat? Ans. Of piety towards God, and of humiUty. What is the subject ef the second ? Ans. Love. 138 CHAP. 13: 1—8. il beseech you therefore, brethren, by the mercies of God, that ye present your bodies a hving sacrifice, holy, acceptable unto God, tvhich is your reasonable service, ^^nd be not conformed to this world; but be ye transformed by the renewing of your mind, that ye may prove what is that good, and acceptable, and per- fect will of God. ^For I say, through the gi-ace given unto me, to every man that is among you, not to think of himself more highly than he ought to think ; but to think soberly, according as God hath dealt to every man the measure of faith. -^For as we have many members in one body, and all members have not the same office ; 5so we, being many, are one body in Christ, and every one members one of another. ^Having then gifts differ- ing according to the grace that is given to us, whether prophecy, let us prophesy according to the proportion of faith ; "or ministry, let us -wait on our ministering ; or he that teacheth, on teaching ; ^or he that exhorteth, on exhortation : he that giveth, let him do it with sim- plicity ; he that ruleth, with diUgence ; he that sheweth mercy, with cheerfulness. Analysis. What is the first deduction drawn from the doctrines which the apostle had been teaching? vs. 1, 2. What is the second ? vs. 3 — 5. How ought the various gifts of Christians to be exer- cised ] vs. 6—8. Commeyitary. (1) What is the connexion of this verse with what goes before ? What mercies of God does Paul here especially refer toT 139 What is the meaning of the expression " by the mer- cies of God ?" What is the duty which Paul thus urges Christians to perform 1 How is the expression " that ye present your bodies^' to be understood ? What is meant by the phrase " living sacrifice 1" In what sense is the word holy to be taken ? What is meant here by the word acceptable? compare Eph. 5: 2. Phil. 4: iS. What is the meaning of the expression " reasonable service ?" (2) What is the duty enjoined in this verse } In what sense is the word world to be here understood ? compare 2 Cor. 4: 4. Eph. 2: 2. Why is this term used to designate the wicked } What is the meaning of the word conformed? What is meant by the word transformed ? What is the nature of the change here spoken of? What is meant by the phrase " the renewing of your mind?" In what sense is the word mind to be understood ? ch. 1: 28. Eph. 4: 17, 23. What is the force of the word that in the clause " that ye may be able, &c." What is meant here by the word prove ? How are the terms good, acceptable and perfect to be understood ? What is meant by the words loill of God P (3) To what duty are Christians here exhorted ? What seems to have led to this exhortation to humility? Jlns. The abuse among the early Christians of their various spiritual gifts ; compare 1 Cor. 12th and 14th chapters. In what sense is the word grace to be understood ? What 1-3 meant by the expression " through the grace 140 given unto me?" Ans. In virtue of the authority arising from my office and gifts. What is the meanmg of the word think in this place } What is meant by the phrase " to think of oneself too highly?" What is the meaning of the expression " to think sO' berlyr\ How is the phrase " according to the measure of faith" to be understood 1 Who determines " the measure of faith" which every man receives ? (4, 5) What is the design of the apostle in these verses ] What is the meaning of the expression " one body in Christ 1" Ans. One Christian body; one in virtue of our union to Christ. What is the meaning of the expression "every one members one of another ?" What constitutes the body one } Ans. The soul. What constitutes Cliristians one 1 (6) What inference does the apostle draw from the fact that Christians are one body ? What is meant here by the word gifts ? What is the origin of the diversity of these gifts ? com- pare 1 Cor. 4: 7. 12: 4, 11. What is the first gift here mentioned? What is the meaning of the word prophet in the Old Testament ? Ans. Interpreter, one who explains or delivers the will of another; see Ex. 7: 1. What is its meaning in the New Testament 1 see Luke 7: 24—29. John 4: 19. 1 Cor. 14: 29—32. How did the prophets of the New Testament differ from the apostles ? How did they differ from the teachers } What then is here to be understood by the gift of pro- phecy? 1 Cor. 13: 2. 14: 4, 24. How is this gift to be exercised ? 141 In what sense is the woul faith to be here understood 1 see Gal. 1: 23. 3: 23. What is the meanmg here of the word proportion ? What is the meaning of the whole phrase " according to the analogy of faith }" compare 1 Cor. 14: 37. 1 John 4: 1, 6. (7) In what sense are the words minister and minister- i7ig used in the New Testament] see 1 Cor. 3: 5. Eph. 3: 7. 1 Cor. 12: 5, and also Acts 6: 1—3. 1 Tim. 3: 8—12. In which of these senses are they to be understood here] What class of officers is intended by teachers ? compare 1 Cor. 12: 28, 29. How are they distinguished from the apostles and the prophets ? (8) What is the meaning of the first direction contained in this verse ? To what class of persons does the next direction refer] What is the meaning of the word simplicity ? see 2 Cor. 1: 12. Eph. 6: 5. Col. 3: 22. What class of officers are here specially referred to ? 1 Tim. 5: 17. What is the force of the term diligence here ] To what class of duties does the next direction refer? Doctrines. What important principle is implied in v. 1 1 What is the first great duty of redeemed sinners? y. 1, What is taught of regeneration in v. 2 ? Who is the giver of all honours, talents and graces ? vs. 3, 6. In what relation do Christians stand to each other ? vs. 4,5. What is taught in relation to church officers in vs. 6 — 8! 142 Remarks. What criterion of character is suggested in v. 1 ? What does v. 2 teach with respect to conformity to the world ? What corrective for ambition and envy is suggested in V. 3 1 What effect ought the union of Christians with each other and with Christ to have on them ? vs. 4, 5. Wherein does true honour consist ? vs. 6 — 8. What is the duty of men as to remaining in the sphere which God has assigned them ? vs. 6 — 8. What is the duty of all teachers as to adhering to the standard of truth? CHAP. 12: 9—21. ^Let love be without dissimulation. Abhor that which is evil ; cleave to that which is good. ^^Be kind- ly affectioned one to another with brotherly love ; in ho- nour preferring one another; I'not slothful in business; fervent in spirit; servmg the Lord; '-rejoicing in hope; patient in tribulation; continuing instant in prayer; 31 distributing to the necessity of saints ; given to hospi- tality. '■^Bless them which persecute you : bless, and curse not. i^jjejoice with them that do rejoice, and weep with them that weep. ^^Be of the same mind ojie toward another. Mind not high things, but conde- scend to men of low estate. Be not wise in your own conceits. ''Recompense to no man evil for evil. Pro- vide things honest in the sight of all men. ''If it be possible, as much as lieth in you, live peaceably with all men. '9j)early beloved, avenge not yourselves ; but rather give place unto wrath : for it is written. Ven- geance is mine ; I will repay, saitli the Lord. ^^^There- fore if thine enemy hunger, feed liim ; if he tliirst, give him drink : for in so doing thou shalt heap coals of fire 143 on his head. 21 Be not overcome of evil, but overcoma evil with good. Analysis. What is taught respecting Christian love in v. 9 ? What are the results of this love as stated in v. 101 What results are stated in vs. 11, 12 1 What in vs. 13, 14] Whatin vs. 15, 16? Wliat in vs. 17—21 ? Commentary. (9) What love is here intended] In what sense are the words loithoiU dissimulation id be taken ? In what sense are the words evil and good to be here understood ? (10) What is the meaning of the words kindly affec" tioned? How is the clause " in honour preferring one another ?" (11) How is the expression " not slothful in business" to be understood ? W^hat is meant by being " fervent in spirit .^" What is the force of the clause " serving the Lord ?" (12) To what duties does this verse refer } What is meant by the expression " rejoicing in hope ]'* What duty is incumbent on Christians under affliction ? How does hope tend to produce patience ? How are hope and patience to be sustained ? Ans. By intercourse with God. What is )neant by the expression " continuing instant in prayer?" (13) How is the word distributing to be here under- stood ? What class of persons is intended by the word saints ? 144 What is meant by the expression " given to hospita- lity." What circumstances rendered hospitality so important a duty among the early Christians ? (14) What is the Christian's duty with regard to those who persecute him ? What is the meaning of the words to bless ? (15) What other exercise of love is here enjoined ? (16) How is the command to "be of one mind" to be understood ? see 2 Cor. 13: 11. Phil. 2: 2. What is the meaning of the expression "mind not high things V How is the clause " condescend to men of low estate" to be understood 1 What species of pride is forbbiden in the last clause of this verse } (17) What is the design of this and the following verses? What is the meaning of the first clause of this verse ? In what sense is the word proxdde to be here under- stood 7 compare 2 Cor. 8: 20. What is the meaning of this clause ?. (18) What duty is enjoined in this verse ? Why does Paul say if it be possible ? What is the force of the expression " as much as lieth myour' (19) What is the meaning of the command "avenge not yourselves ?" W^hat is the meaning of the expression " give place unto ?" see Eph. 4: 27. Whose wrath are we required to g^ve place to ? Why should we yield to God the office of inflicting punishment ? Where does he claim that it is his prerogative to take vengeance ? Deut. 32: 35. (20) How b the first clause of this verse to be under- stood .^ 145 What is the force of the word for before the second clause ? What is meant by the expression "to heap coals of fire on the head ?" Ans. To inflict the severest pun- ishment on any one ; compare Prov. 25: 22. Ps. 140j 10. What is the allusion in this figurative expression ? What is the meaning of the passage in this connexion? Ans. Treat your enemy kindly, for tliis is the most effectual way of subduing him. (21) What is the meaning of the expression "be over- come of evil ?" How are we to endeavour to subdue our enemies ? Doctmnes. What is taught in v. 9, concerning Christian love ? In v/hat relation do Christians stand to each other? v. 10. What is the relation between religion and morality ? v.- 11. What is the source of the Christian's strength and lifef In what relation do all men stand to each other? v. 15/ What source of pride is pointed out in v. 16 ? What rule of duty is presented in vs. 17 — 21 ? What is taught concerning revenge in vs. 11 — 21 ? Remarks. In what light do these verses present the importancef of moral duties ? What characteristic trait of the spirit of the gospel is^ presented in vs. 9 — 13 ? What is the nature of true benevolence? v. ll. In what light ought the duties of alms-giving and hos-^ pitality to be viewed? v. 13. What distinguishing trait of Christian character is pr^ sented in vs. 19 — 21 ? In what light is goodness presented in vs. 20, 21 ? N 146 CHAPTER XIII. What is the leading topic of this chapter ? What duties are enjoined in vs. 1 — 7 ? What is the purport of vs. 8 — 10 } What is the design of vs. II — 14.'* CHAP. 13: 1—14. iLet every soul be subject unto the higher powers. For there is no power but of God : the powers that be are ordained of God. 2\Yi^osoever therefore resisteth the power, resisteth the ordmance of God : and they that resist shall receive to themselves damnation. ^Por rulers are not a teiror to good works, but to the evil. Wilt thou then not be afraid of the power ? do that which is good, and thou shalt have praise of the same: *^for he is the minister of God to thee for good. But if thou do that which is evil, be afraid; for he beaireth not the sword in vain : for he is the minister of God, a revenger to execute wrath upon him that doeth evil. ^ Wherefore ye must needs be subject, not only for wrath, but also for conscience' sake. ^For this cause pay ye tribute also ; for they are God's ministers, attending continually upon this very thing. "'Render therefore to all their dues ; tribute to whom tribute is due; custom to whom custom ; fear to whom fear ; honour to whom honoiir. sQwe no man any thing, but to love one another : for 'le that loveth another hath fulfilled the law. ^For this, Thou shalt not commit adultery, Thou shalt not kill, Thou shalt not steal, Thou shalt not bear false witness, Thou shalt not covet ; and if there be any other com- mandment, it is briefly comprehended in this saying, namely. Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself. loLove worketh no ill to his neighbour ; therefore love 147 is the fulfilling of the law. uAnd that, knowing the time, that now it is high time to awake out of sleep : for now is our salvation nearer than when we believed. i2The night is far spent, the day is at hand : let us therefore cast off the works of darkness, and let us put on the armour of hght. ^^het us walk honestly, as in the day ; not in rioting and drunkenness, not in cham- bering and w^antonness, not in strife and envying. i-^But put ye on the Lord Jesus Christ, and make not pro- vision for the flesh, to fu{fil the lusts thereof. Analysis. On what ground is obedience to magistrates enjoined in vs. 1, 2 1 What motive for the discharge of this duty is presented in vs. 3, 4 ? What is the motive presented in v. 5 ? What duties are inferred from the preceding passage in vs. 6, 7 > What other duties are enjoined in vs. 8 — 10] What motive for an exemplary lifd is presented in vs. 11— 14i> Commentary. (1) What is the force of the expression every soul? In what sense are the words the higher poivers to be understood } W hy were the Jews pecuharly indisposed to submit to heathen magistrates ? Why are we bound to submit to our rulers ? How is the word power to be understood in the first clause of this sentence ? In what sense is government ordained of God] (2) What inference does Paul draw from the doctrine of the first verse } What is the meaning of the word po-cver here ^ 148 What is the meaning of the expression " resisteth the ordinance of God?" What will be the consequence of this resistance ? What is the meaning of the word damnation ? What is the nature and extent of the obedience here enjoined ? (3) With what is this verse to be connected } What additional motive for obedience is here presented? What is the meaning of the expression " is not a ter- ror to good works 1" What is the purport of the latter part of this verse ? Ans. That the proper way to escape the punishment, which magistrates are authorized to inflict, is not by resistance, but by obedience. (4) W hat is the design of this verse 1 For what purpose are magistrates appointed \ W hat other purpose, besides the protection of the good, does their appointment contemplate? Ans. The punishment of the wicked. " What inference does Paul draw from this ? What is the meaning of the phrase to bear the sxuord? (5) What motives are presented in this verse ] What is meant by the expression " for wrath ?" What is the meaning of the expression " for conscience sakel" (6) What special duty is deduced from the forgoing discussion ? How does Paul enforce the duty of paying tribute ? What is the meaning of the word ininisters ? To what do the words thin very thing refer? (7) What more general inference is here drawn out ? W'hat is the force of the word therefore? What is the difference between the words tribute and custom P What is the difference between fear and honour P (8) What is the meaning of this verse ? 149 How is the expression " owe no man any thing" to be understood ? "What obUgation must ever remain binding ? Why is love thus perpetually obligatory ? In what sense is love the fulfilHng of the law > (9) What is the design of this verse ? What class of duties is here enumerated 1 What one command includes all these duties? What is the meaning of the command " thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself?" (10) What is the design of this verse ? How does it prove that love is the fulfilling of the law ? (11) What exhortation is contained in this and the following verses ? By what consideration is this exhortation enforced 1 What is the force of the words ajid that at the begin- ning of this verse 1 Jins. The rather because ye know. What is the meaning of the expression " knowing the time ?" What duty is it time to perform ? What is intended here by the phrase " our salvation ]" In what sense is our salvation nearer than when we believed ] How may it be proved that the apostles did not expect the second advent of Christ to occur during their life time ? see 2 Thess. 2: 1—3. (12) What is meant here by the expression " the night is far spent ?" What is meant by " the day being at hand 1" What effect ought the nearness of eternity to have upon us] What is meant by the works of darkness ? What is meant by the armour of light ? (13) In what sense is the word honestly to be here understood .>* 150 What are the three classes of sin to which Paul here refers ? (14) What is the meaning of the expression " to put on Christ ?" see Gal. 3: 27. What is the meaning of the expression " make not pro- vision fori" In what sense is the word ^/lesh to be here understood? Doctri7ies. What doctrine respecting civil government is taught in V. 2? In what sense is government a matter of divine ap- pointment? vs. 1 — 7. How may it be proved that we are not to render un- limited obedience to civil magistrates 1 What is the design of civil government ? How does it appear that religion is not within the sphere of the power of the state] In what light do vs. 5 — 7 present all civil and social du- ties ? Hemarks. How does the adaptedness of the Christian religion to all states of society, and all forms of government, appear from this passage ? How does the gospel tend to counteract both tyranny and anarchy ? v. 5. In what relation is God to be considered as standing to civil rulers and governments'? vs. 1 — 5. On what principle are wicked rulers to be obeyed? vs. 3, 4. In what light is the duty oF leve presented in vs. 7, 8 ? What effect ought the nearness of eternity to produce upon us? vs. 13, 14. Wh^t comprehensive duty is enjoined in v. 14 ] 151 CHAPTER XIV. To what class of duties does this chapter principally refer ? What is the subject of vs. 1 — 12 > What is the subject of vs. 1 3—23 1 CHAP. 14: 1—23. iHim that is weak in the faith receive, but not to doubtful disputations. ^For one beheveth that he may- eat all things ; another, who is weak, eateth herbs. ^Let not him that eateth despise him that eateth not ; and let not him which eateth not judge him that eateth ; for God hath received him. ^Who art thou that judgest another man's servant f* to his own master he standeth or faileth. Yea, he shall be holden up : for God is able to make liim stand. -^One man esteemeth one day above another : another esteemeth every day alike. Let every man be fully persuaded in his own mind. "^He that re- gardeth the day, regardeth it unto the Lord ; and he that regardeth not the day, to the Lord he doth not re- gard zY. He that eateth, eateth to the Lord; for he giveth God thanks : and he that eateth not, to the Lord he eateth not ; and giveth God thanks. -For none of us liveth to himself, and no man dieth to himself. ^For whether we live, we live unto the Lord; and whether we die, we die unto the Lord : whether we live there- fore, or die, we are the Lord's. -For to.this end Christ both died, and rose, and revived, that he might be Lord both of the dead and living, icgut why dost thou judge thy brother ] or why dost thou set at naught thy bro- ther 1 for we shall all stand before the judgment seat of Christ. iiFor it is written, ^s I live, saith the Lord, every knee shall bow to me, and every tongue shall con- 152 fess to God. i2go then eveiy one of us shall give ac- count of himself to God. '^Let us not therefore judge one another any more : but judge this rather, that no man put a stumbling-block or an occasion to fall in his brother's way. i^I know, and am persuaded by the Lord Jesus, that there is nothing unclean of itself: but to him that esteemeth any thing to be unclean, to him it is unclean. i^B^t jf thy brother be grieved with thy meat, now walkest thou not charitably. Destroy not him with thy meat, for whom Christ died. i^Let not then your good be evil spoken of. i''For the kingdom of God is not meat and drink ; but righteousness, and peace, and joy, in the Holy Ghost. ''For he that in these things serveth Christ, is acceptable to God, and approved of men. I'^Let us therefore follow after the things which make for peace, and things wherewith one may edify another, ^opor meat destroy not the work of God. All things indeed are pure; hxiiitis evil for that man who eateth with offence. 21/jf {g good neither to eat flesh, nor to drink wine, nor any thing whereby thy brother stumbleth, or is offended, or is made weak. 22Hast thou faith r* have it to thyself before God. Happy is he that condemneth not himself in that thing which he alloweth. 23 And he that doubteth is damned if he eat, because he eateth not of faith : for whatsoever is not of faith is sin. Analysis. What duty is enjoined in v. 1 1 To what class of scrupulous persons does Paul particu- larly refer ? v. 2. What is the first argument that he urges in support of his exhortation ? v. 3. What is the second ? v. 4. What is the tliird ? v. 5. What is the fourth.^ vs. 6—9. 153 What inference is drawn from these arguments in vs. 10—12? What is the second leading topic of this chapter > What does Paul teach respecting Christian liberty ? ^ns. That it is not to be given up or denied. How is it to be asserted and exercised ] A71S. In con' sistency with the welfare of others. How is this regard for our brethren in this matter en- forced? V. 15. What is the second consideration by wliich this duty is enforced ? v. 1 6. What is the third > vs. 17, 18. What is the fourth .^ v. 19. What is the fifth 1 vs. 20, 21. What is the sixth > vs. 22, 23. Mi- Commentary. (1) What is the general direction contained in this verse ? How is the phrase " weak in faith" to be understood 1 What is meant here by the word receive? ch. 15: 7. What is the meaning of the expression " not to doubt- ful disputations?" (2) What is the design of this verse ? Whence arose the scrupulousness of the early Chris- tians as to meats and days ? (3) What is the general direction contained in this verse ? .ins. To exercise mutual forbearance. How are the strong to treat the weak ? How are the weak or scrupulous to treat the strong ? What reason is assigned for the course here enjoined ? What is meant by the expression " God hath received him ?" (4) What farther reason is assigned for this duty ? What is meant by the expression " to his own master he standeth or falleth ?" 154 What is the design of the last clause of this verse 1 "What is meant by saying " he shall be holden up ?" What is meant by saying " God is able to make liim stand ?" (5) On what other point were the Jewish converts scrupulous ? How does it appear that this passage does not refer to the observance of the Christian sabbath 1 compare Gal. 4: 10. Col. 2: 16. What is the general principle which Paul lays down in reference to matters of indifference ? What is meant by the expression " let every man be fully persuaded in his own mind?" (6) What is the fourth argument in favour of mutual forbearance 1 What is meant here by the expression " he that eateth?" What is the meaning of the expression " he eateth to the Lord V What evidence does Paul give that the persons referred to acted religiously in this matter ? What evidence does he give that the other class also acted religiously 1 (7) What is the design of this verse 1 What is meant by the expression " none of us liveth to himself?" How is the phrase " no man dieth to himself" to be un- derstood ] (8) What is the design of this verse? In what sense does the Christian live unto the Lord ? In what sense does he die unto the Lord i* What inference is to be drawn from this fact ? What is meant by the expression " we are the Lord's ?" Who is meant here by " the Lord]" What argument for the divinity of Christ does this passage contain 1 (9) How did Christ attain to his universal dominion > 155 How did his death and resurrection secure this univer- sal dominion ? compare Phil. 2: 8, 9. In what sense is Christ " Lord both of the living and the dead f"' (10) What is the design of vs. 10—12 ? To what class of persons does the command not to judge our brethren refer } To what class does the command not to set at naught our brethren refer 1 What reason is given for these commands ] (11) How does the passage here quoted differ from Is. 45: 23 > What is the meaning of the expressions " every knee shall bow" and " every tongue confess 1" How is tliis passage applicable to the apostle's pur- pose? What argument does it afford for th6 divinity of Christ] (12) At what conclusion does Paul arrive in "this verse T How does it bear on the subject of which he is treat- ing? (13) What is the second leading topic of the chapter? In what sense is the word jud^e to be taken in the first clause of this verse ? In what sense is it to be taken in the second clause ? What is the meaning of the words stumbling-block and occasion to fall ? (14) What is the general purport of this verse ] What is meant by the expression " I am persuaded by the Lord V'f How is the expression " there is nothing unclean of it- self" to be understood ? What is the meaning of the last clause of this verse 1 What general principle of duty is here taught ? (15) What reason is here assigned for the duty enjoined in the preceding verse ? , 156 In what sense is the word grieved to be here under-^ stood ? > ' What is the meaning of the expression " destroy not ?" By what motive does Paul enforce his direction ? (16) What is meant here by the phrase " your good?" What argument is here presented for the duty of re- garding the welfare of others in the use of our liberty? (17) What is the general meaning of the phrase " kingdom of God" in the New Testament 1 What is its meaning here ? With what are the words in the Holy Ghost to be con- nected ? What is their meaning ? In what does true religion, according to this passage, consist 1 How does this passage bear on the apostle's object? (18) What is the design of this verse ? To what do the words these things refer ? How is the exercise of the graces spoken of in v. 17 a \ sei-vice rendered to Christ % What does this prove with regard to the character of Christ > What is meant by the expressions " acceptable to God" and " approved of men ?" (19) From what is this verse an inference? What is meant by the expression " the things which make for peace?" What is meant by the expression " the tilings where- with one may edify another ?" (20) W^hat do the words the -work of God here mean? What is the purport of the command " for meat destroy not the work of God ?" On what prihciple is forbearance here urged ? To what do the words all things refer ? What is the meaning of the expression " to eat with offence?" 157 (21) What is the meanmg of the words it is good? How do the words, stumbled, offended, made -weak differ > On what ground did some of the early Christians think it right to abstain from wine ? Under what circumstances is abstinence from meat, wine, &c. here said to be obligatory ? (22) What is the design of this verse ? What is meant by the question " Hast thou faith ?" In what sense is' the word faith to be here understood? What is meant by the expression " have it to thyself j*"^ W^hat is the force of the words before God? What is the meaning of the last clause of this verse ? How is the faith here spoken of a great blessing ? (23) What is the meaning of the word damned here ? see ch. 13: 2. Why is he that doubteth liable to condemnation if he eat? In what sense is the word faith to be here understood 1 W^hat is the meaning of the passage " whatsoever is not of faith is sin ?" What bearing has this verse on the design of the apostle ? Doctrines. What important doctrine as to Christian communion is taught in this passage? vs. 1 — 12. What criterion of Christian character is presented in vs. 6^8 ? What arguments for the divinity of Christ does this passage afford? see vs. 6 — 8, 9, 10, 11. Wherein does true religion consist ? vs. 6, 7. By what rule is the exercise of Chiistian liberty to be regulated] vs. 15, 20, 21. What important error in morals do vs. 13 — 23 teach us to guard against ? What important principles of morals is taught in v. 23? O 158 Remarks, What duty is enjoined in vs. 1 — 12 ? How is a censorious disposition shown to be sinful iii' vs. 4— 10? What obligation does the doctrine of vs. 8, 9 impose ori Christians > How do vs. 14, 23 teach the gteat importance of main- taining a conscience free from bondage to human au- thority ? Whence does the importance of preserving right views of duty appear }■ On what principle, and to what extent, is concession to the views and welfare of others to be made f* To what feelings ought wc to address motives to excite others to the discharge of duty ] vs. 15, 21. What duty is deducible from the doctrine of vs. 17, 18? How are the peace and edification of the church to be promoted? vs. 19, 20. On what grounds should we labour to obtain an en- lightened conscience ? CHAPTER XV. Of how many parts does this chapter consist 1 A7iSi Two, vs. 1—13, and vs. 14—33. What is the design of the first part ? Ans. To enforce the duty enjoined in the preceding chapter. What is the purport of the second part? Ans. It con- tains a declaration of Paul's object in writing, and ar statement of his future plans. 159 CHAP. 15: 1—13. iWe then that ai-e strong ought to bear the infirmities of the weak, and not to please ourselves. ^Let every one of us please his neighbour for his good to edification. 3For even Christ pleased not himself; but, as it is written, The reproaches of them that reproached thee fell on me. ■^For whatsoever things were written aforetime were writ- ten for our learning, that we through patience and comfort of the Scriptures might have hope, ^^ow the God of patience and consolation grant you to be like-minded one toward another, according to Christ Jesus; ^that ye may with one mind a7id one mouth glorify God, even the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ. 'Wherefore re- ceive ye one another as Christ also received us, to the glory of God. -Now I say that Jesus Christ was a minister of the circumcision for the truth of God, to confirm the promises made unto the fathers ; 9and that the Gentiles might glorify God for his mercy; as it is written. For this cause I will confess to thee among the Gentiles, and sing unto thy name. i^And again he saith, Rejoice, ye Gentiles, with his people. "And again. Praise the Lord, all ye Gentiles ; and laud him, all ye people, ^^^nd again, Esaias saith, There shall be a root of Jesse, and he that shall rise to reign over the Gentiles ; in him shall the Gentiles trust. isjYqw the God of hope fill you with all joy and peace in beheving, that ye may abound in hope, through the power of the Holy Ghost. ^7ialysis. What is the object of vs. 1, 2? ^?is. It contains a repetition of the command to consult the welfare of others rather than our own gratification. By what motive does Paul enforce this command in V. 3? 160 What is the design of v. 4 ? For what does Paul pray in vs. 5, 6 ? What is the purport of v. 71 What is the design of \s. 8—13 ] Commentary. (1) Whence is the inference, indicated by the ex- pression " we then that, &c." drawn ? Who are intended here by the strong' ? What is meant by the word infirmities ? ■ What is intended by the clause "and not to please oiu-selves ?" (2) What is the design of this verse 1 What object ought we to have in view in seeking to please our neighbour ? How is the expression " for good to edification" to be understood ? (3) By what motive does Paul enforce the command given m vs. 1, 2? With what view does Paul quote Ps. 69: 9 ? How does it show the disinterestedness of Christ ? How does it appear that this Psalm refers to the Mes- siah? see John 2: 17. 15: 25. 19: 28. (4) What is the object of this verse 1 How is the expression " through patience and conso- lation of the scriptures" to be understood ? What is meant by the expression "might have hope ?" (5) For what does the apostle here pray ? What is the meaning of the phrase " God of patience?" How is the phrase " to be like minded one towards another" to be understood ? What does the clause " according to Jesus Christ" mean ? (6) Why is this harmony among Christians necessary? What does the expression " God even the Father of 161 our Lord Jesus Christ" mean ! see 2 Cor. 1: 3. Eph. 1: 3. (7) What is the duty here enjoined ? To whom is the command specially directed ? By what consideration is it enforced ? How is the clause " to the glory of God" to be ex- plained 1 (8) What is the design of this verse ? With what design did Christ come ? v. 8, and v. 9. What is the meaning of the expression " minister of the circumcision ?" How is the clause '' for the truth of God" to be ex- plained ? (9) What is the design of this verse? How is it connected with v. 8 ? For what special mercy were the Gentiles to glorify God? With what view are this and the following passages quoted from the Old Testament '? (10) Whence is this verse taken? compare Deut. 32 : 43, and Ps. 67 : 3, 5. (11) Where is this passage found? Ps. 117 : 1. (12) Where does this passage occur ? Is. 11 : 1, 10. What is the import of this prediction ? How does it bear on the apostle's object ? (13) For what does Paul here pray ] What is the meaning of the phrase " God of hope ?" What is the meaning of the expression "joy and peace in believing?" What is the force of the expression "that ye may abound in hope ?" By whose power are these graces produced ? 162 CHAP. 15: 14—33. i^And I myself also am persuaded of you, my breth- ren, that ye also are full of goodness, filled with all knowledge, able also to admonish one another. ^^Ne- vertheless, brethren, I have written the more boldly unto you in some sort, as putting you in mind, be- cause of the grace that is given to me of God, '^that I should be the minister of Jesus Clmst to the Gen- tiles, ministering the gospel of God, that the offering up of the Gentiles might be acceptable, being sancti- fied by the Holy Ghost. i"I have therefore whereof I may glory through Jesus Christ in those things which pertain to God. i^For I will not dare to speak of any of those tilings which Christ hath not wrought by me, to make the Gentiles obedient by word and deed, ^''through mighty signs and wonders, by the power of the Spirit of God; so that from Jerusalem, and round about unto Illyri- cum, I have fully preached the gospel of Christ. 20Yea, so have I strived to preach the gospel, not where Christ was named, lest I should build upon another man's founda- tion : 2ibut as it is written. To whom he was not spoken of, they shall see : and they that have not heard shall understand. 22For which cause also I have been much hindered from coming to you ; ^^hxit now having no more place in these parts, and having a great desire these many years to come unto you ; 24-v^rhensoeTer I take my journey into Spain, I will come to you : for I trust to see you in my journey and to be brought on my way thitherward by you, if first I be somewhat filled with your company, ^'^^ni now I go unto Jerusalem to minister unto the saints. 26^ or it has pleased them of Macedonia and Achaia to make a certain contribution for the poor saints which are at Jerusalem. ^-Jt hath pleas- ed them, verily : and their debtors they are. For if the Gentiles have been made partakers of their spiritual 163 things, their duty is also to minister unto them in carnal things. 2s\Vhen, therefore, I have performed this, and have sealed to them this fruit, I will come by you intd Spain. ^"And I am sure that, when I come unto you, I shall come in the fulness of the blessing of the gospel of .Christ. 20]>fow I beseech you brethren, for theXord Jesus Christ's sake, and for the love of the spirit, that ye strive together with me in yoiiv prayers to God for me ; ^ithat I may be delivered from them that do not believe in Judea ; and that my ser\dce which / have for Jeiusalem may be accepted of the saints : 22that I may come unto you with joy by the will of God, and may with you be refreshed, ss^ow the God of peace be with you all. Amen. Analysis. What is the purport of vs. 14, 15 ? On what ground does Paul claim the right to speak authoritatively to the Romans ] vs. 15, 16. What is the design of vs. 17 — 21 > What are the contents of vs. 22—28 > What is the purport of vs. 29—33 > Commentary. (14) With what \aew does Paul express his confidence in the Romans ? What is the import of the expressions " full of good ness" and " filled with all knowledge ?" (15) Why then did Paul write to them ? What is meant by the words more boldly P What is the meaning of the phi-ase " in some sort .^" On what gi'ound did he rest his claims to write freely to themi What is meant here by the words the grace of God ? see ch. 1 : 5. (16) How is this verse connected with v. 15 ? 164 In what sense is the word minister to be here taken ? see eh. 13: 6. Deut. 10 : 8. Heb. 10 : 11. To whom was Paul particiilarly sent as an apostle ? compare Eph. 3 : 8. What is the meaning of the expression " ministering the gospel of God ?'* With what view did he thus act 1 What is the meaning of the expression "that the offering up of the Gentiles might be acceptable ?" How were the Jewish sacrifices prepared for the altar 1 How are Christians rendered acceptable to God ? (17) What is the force of the word therefore P What is meant by saying "I have whereof to glory?" What is the meaning of the phrase " in tilings pertain- ing to God V What is the design of this and the following verses 1 (18) How had God born witness to the apostleship of Paul? What is the meaning of the clause " I will not dare to speak &C.V' To whom does Paul attribute the success of his labours? For what object did Paul labour ? How did Christ render his labours successful 1 What is meant by the expression " by word and deed V* (19) What is the meaning of the first clause of this 7 What is the force of the words so that ? To what extent had Paul preached the Gospel ? Where was Illyricum ? (20) What farther proof of his apostleship does Paul give? Why did Paul avoid preaching where Christ was aU ready known ? Whswt is meant by the clause " lest I should build on another man's foundation 1" (31) With what view does Paul quote Is. 52: 15 ? 165 (22) What had prevented Paul's visiting Rome 1 (23, 24) What is the meaning of the phrase " having no more place ?" When did Paul expect to see them ? Did Paul ever accompUsh his pm-pose of going to Spain ] What is the meaning of the expression " to be brought on my way ?" see Acts 15: 3. 20: 38. (25) Where w^as Paul now about to go ? For what purpose was he going to Jerusalem ] . What is the meaning of the word to minister P Heb. 6: 10. Matt. 8: 15. (26, 27) By whom was this contribution made 1 Where are Macedonia and Achaia ] How does Paul show that it was reasonable that this contribution should he made ^ (28) What did Paul intend doing when he had accom- plished his mission to Jerusalem ? What is meant by the phrase " sealed unto them this fruit r' (29) What did Paul expect would be the result of his visit to Rome ? What is meant by the expression " fulness of the bless- ing of the gospel 1" (30) What did Paul beseech them to do "? By wiiat motives did he enforce this request 1 What is meant by the expression " for the Lord Jesus Christ's sake ?" What is meant by the expression " for the love of the Spirit r' What is the force of the expression " that ye strive to- gether with me .?" (31) For what did the apostle wish them to pray ? What reason had Paul to apprehend violence in Jeru- salem] see Acts 21 and 22. What is the meaning of the word service here ? • ^ 166 ,(32) What does he here direct them to pray for 1 What is meant by the phrase " by the will of God ?" (33) For what blessing does Paul pray ? What is meant by "the peace of God 1" Doctrines. What doctrine respecting the scriptures is taught in v.4> What is taught in vs. 5, 13, respecting the origin of the Christian graces 1 What rule for Christian communion is given in v. 7 ? What is proved with regard to the authority of the Old Testament by the manner in which it is here quoted] What is the nature of the ministerial office? v. 16. How has God confirmed the truth of the gospel ? v. 19. What argument does success in preaching afford of the truth of the doctrines preached ? vs. 18, 19 ? What doctrine as to prayer is taught in vs. 30, 31 ? I{ema7^ks. What is the principal duty inculcated in vs. 1 — 13 1 What duty is taught in v. 2 ? In what light ought the character of Christ to be view- ed 1 vs. 4—13. In what way ought the scriptures to be used ^ vs. 4, 5, 13. What is taught as to dissensions among Christians in ys, 5— 7 > What directions for the discharge of the office of a mo« nitor are given in vs. 14, 15 ] What admonition is contained in vs. 19, 20 ? What duty as to liberality is taught in vs. 26, 27 ? What instruction may be derived from v. 21 ? What duty as to prayer is taught in v. 33 ? 167 CHAPTER XVL What are the contents of vs. 1, 2? What are the contents of vs. 3 — 16 1 What are the contents of vs. 22 — 24 1 What are the contents of vs. 25 — 27? CHAP. 16: 1—27. 'I commend unto you Phebe our sister, which is a' servant of the church which is at Cenchrea; ^that ye' receive her in the Lord, as becoraeth saints, and that ye assist her in whatsoever business she hath need of you: for she hath been a succourer of many, and of myself also. ^Greet Priscillaand Aquila, my helpers in Christ Jesus : -^who have for my life laid down their own necks : unto whom not only I give thanks, but also all the churches of the Gentiles. ^Lij^ewise greet the church that is in their house. Salute my well-beloved Epene- tus, who is the first fruits of Achaia unto Christ. ^Greet Maiy ; who bestowed much labour on us. ^Salute An- dronicus and Junia, my kinsmen and my fellow-prison- er?, who are of note among the apostles ; who also were in Christ before me. ^ Greet Amplias, my beloved in the Lord. -Salute Urbane, our helper in Christ ; and Stachys my beloved. '^Salute Apelles, approved in Christ. Salute them which are of Aristobulus's house- hold. ''Salute Herodion my kinsman. Greet them that be of the household of Narcissus, which are in the Lord- '-Salute Tryphena and Tryphosa, who labour in the Lord. Salute the beloved Persis, which laboured much in the liord. i^galute Rufus, chosen in the Lord ; and his mother and mine. '^Salute Asyncritus, Phle- gon, Hermas, Patrobas, Hermes, and the brethren which are with them. '^Salute Philologus, and Julia, Nereu^/ 168 and his sister, and Olympas, and all the saints which are with them, legalute one another with an holy kissc The churches of Christ salute you. i^Now I beseech you, brethren, mark them which cause divisions and offences contrary to the doctrine which ye have learned ; and avoid them, i' For they that are such serve not our Lord Jesus Christ, but their own belly ; and by good words and fair speeches deceive the hearts of the simple. ''For your obedience is come abroad unto all men. I am glad therefore on your be- half; but yet I would have you wise unto that which is good, and simple concerning evil. 2oAnd the God of peace shall bruise Satan under your feet shortly. The gi-ace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you. Amen. 2'Timotheus my work-fellow, and Lucius, and Jason, and Sosipater, my kinsmen, salute you. 221 Tertius, who wrote this epistle, salute you in the Lord. ^oQaius mine host, and of the whole church, saluteth you. Erastus the chamberlain of the city saluteth you, and Quartus a brother. 24The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ he with you all. Amen. 25N0W to him that is of power to establish you ac- cording to my gospel and the preaching of Jesus Christ, (according to the revelation of the mystery, which was kept secret since the world began, -%ut now is made manifest, and by the scriptures of the prophets, accord- ing to the commandment of the everlasting God, made known to all nations for the obedience of faith ;) 27to God only wise, he glory, through Jesus Christ, for ever. Amen. V Written to the Romans from Corinthus, and sent by Phebe, servant of the church at Cenchrea. Commentary. (1) Who was Phebe i> What is feeant by the word servant in this place ? What were the duties of the deaconesses ? 1 Tim. 5: 10. 169? What is the meaning of the word commend ? (2) What did Paul request the Romans to do fof Phebe? What is the meaning of the expression " receive her in the Lord r Why were they required to receive and aid her ? What is the meaning of the word succourer ? (3) Who were Priscilla and Aquila? Acts 18: 2, 18, 26. 1 Cor. 16: 19. What is the meaning of the expression " my helpers in Christ Jesiis ? (4) What special claim had Aquila and Priscilla on the gratitude of Paul and of the Gentile churches } (6) What is meant by the expression " the church which is in then house ]" What is the meaning of the phrase " the first fruits of Achaia ?" How is this passage to be reconciled with 1 Cor. 16: \b} (6) In what sense were Andronicus and Junia Paul's kinsmen ? What is the meaning of the expression " who were of note among the apostles "?" (8 — 15) What is the meaning of the expression "be-- loved in the Lord?" In v. 9 what is meant by " helper in Christ ?" In v. 12 what is the meaning of the expression "who labour in the Lord ?" (16) In what manner was it customary among the early Christians to salute each other? 1 Cor. 16: 20. 1 Thess. 5: 26., (17) What duty is here urged on the Roman Chris- tians ^ What is meant by the words divisions and offences? How are errorists to be treated r* (18) How are these errorists described] P 170 What is meant by the expression " by good words and fair speeches'?" What is the meaning of the word simple ? (19) In what sense is the word obedience to be here Tinderstood ? .; What reason does this verse assign for the duty urged in V. 17? What is the meaning of the expression " wise unto that which is good?" What is meant by the phrase " simple concerning evil ?" (20) Why is God called the " God of peace ?" What is meant by the expression " shall bruise Satan under your feet ?" What argument does the last clause of this verse afford for the di^inity of Christ ? (21 — 24) In what sense did Tertius write this epistle? compare Gal. 6: 11. 1 Cor. 16: 21. 2 Thess. 3: 17. What is meant by the expression '' salute you in the Lord r' What is the meaning of the word host ? What is the meaning of the word chamberlain P (25) WTiat is meant by the expression " to estabUsh youl" W^hat is the meaning of the phrase " according to my gospel ?" What does the expression " the preaching of Jesus Christ" mean ? WTiat is the meaning of the clause " according to the revelation of the mystery?" In what sense is the gospel a mystery ? (26) How is it now revealed ? What is meant by " the scriptures of the prophets 1" To whom is the gospel now revealed ] For what purpose is it thus revealed ? What is meant by the phrase " for the obedience of the iaith?" 171 (27) Why is God called " the only wise God ?'^ Does the relative -whom refer to Christ or to God f Remarks. What duty is taught in vs. 1,2? How ought Christians to regard each other } What may be learned from the conduct of the early fe-' male Christians ? vs. 1, 2, 3, 6, 12. How does it appear that the injunction given in v. 1 6 is not still binding on us ? What duty is enjoined in v. 17 ? What are the general characteristics of false teachers } V. 18. What duty is taught in v. 19 ? How is the stability of the church to be preserved 1 vs. 25, 27. What is taught concerning the gospel in vs. 25, 26 ] What feeUng ought we to exercise towards God ? How does it appear that the subscriptions at the end oiT the several epistles weYd not written by the apostles ^ 'THE EJfDi DATE DUE BW4--^' 'tijig^ , mmmm'i-Mmsimi.s^ ^sfc^ 1 II I WW «fe- '^''^^Sii ^s*^----*l- s»''m»mk m DB S 6 ma PRINTED IN U.S. BS2665.8.H68 Questions on the Epistle to the Romans Princeton Theological Seminary-Speer Library 1 1012 00069 9126