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 Purchased by the Hamill Missionary Fund. 
 
 „erlica1 
 
 Presbyte ^ of 
 
PRESBYTERIAN 
 MEDICAL MISSIONS 
 
 A Sketch of the Medical 
 and Philanthropic IVork 
 
 of the 
 
 Board of Foreign Missions of the 
 Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. 
 
 Abram Woodruff Halsey 
 
 Board of Foreign Missions of the 
 Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. 
 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK 
 
 F E B R U J R Y , 19 14 
 
DEDICATION 
 
 In loving memory of John H. 
 Converse and Louis H. Severance, 
 whose generous gifts made possible 
 the Converse Hospital at Miraj, 
 India, and the Severance Hospital 
 at Seoul, Korea — institutions which 
 attest the devotion of these men of 
 God to medical missions, and fur- 
 nish examples worthy of all imita- 
 tion by Christian laymen throughout 
 the world. 
 
Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 in 2016 
 
 https://archive.org/details/presbyterianmediOOhals 
 
PREFACE 
 
 The aim of this volume is to tell in simple language 
 the story of the medical and philanthropic work carried 
 on by the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions. It 
 is a sketch, not a history. It is a story, not a treatise on 
 methods and principles of medical missionary work. The 
 incidents are gleaned largely from the records of recent 
 years. Any attempt to gather the full harvest would re- 
 quire not one, but several volumes. 
 
 A series of appendices furnish a full list of the medical 
 missionaries of the Board in service February, 1914; a con- 
 cise account of the Hospitals and Dispensaries under care 
 of the Board ; a catalogue of diseases treated so far as 
 they have been reported by the missionaries of the Board ; 
 and a statement showing the number of patients ministered 
 to in a decade, together with the amount appropriated by 
 the Board and the amount received on the field, for the 
 same period. 
 
 A separate appendix will be published subsequently 
 giving as accurately as possible the names of all those who 
 have served the Board as medical missionaries in the 
 seventy-six years of its history. 
 

CONTENTS 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Introduction. The Task of the Medical Missionary, 9 
 
 Chapter I. The Blind Receive Their Sight, . .21 
 
 “ II. The Lame Walk, . - . . . 29 
 
 “ III. The Lepers Are Cleansed, . . -35 
 
 “ IV. The Deaf Hear — The Dead Are Raised 
 
 Up, 41 
 
 “ V. The Poor Have the Gospel Preached 
 
 to Them, • . , . . *52 
 
 “ VI. The Last Beatitude, . . . -59 
 
 Appendices : 
 
 A. Medical Missionaries under Appointment of 
 
 the Board of Foreign Missions — Feb. i, 1914, 65 
 
 B. The Present Medical Work: Hospitals and 
 
 Dispensaries, ...... 69 
 
 C. Number of Patients Treated in Hospitals 
 
 and Dispensaries for Ten Years, . . .122 
 
 D. Partial List of Diseases Treated in Various 
 
 Countries, . . . . . . . ^23 
 
The Task of the Medical Missionary 
 
 “He took my sickness into his own heart,” said a Chinese 
 preacher with tears in his eyes, when he was informed of the 
 death, in North China, of a noble medical missionary. In this 
 simple phrase he defined the task of the medical missionary. The 
 non-Christian world can say of the medical missionary, as was 
 said long ago of his Master, “Himself took our infirmities and bare 
 our sicknesses.” 
 
 “The great aim of the hospital,” reads the report of the Sev- 
 erance Hospital, at Seoul, Korea, “is to do all the work so as to 
 exemplify the mind of Christ, produce Christians out of patients, 
 and Christian workers out of graduates from our medical and 
 nurses’ training schools.” 
 
 The first medical missionary went to Siam in 1835. He opened 
 a dispensary on the 5th day of August. On the 22nd of the month 
 he wrote, “The sick crowd upon me, our compound being literally 
 filled from sunrise to sunset with wretchedly diseased bodies and 
 priceless -souls, who are as sheep without a shepherd.” 
 
 “The diseased bodies and priceless souls” are to be found 
 everywhere in the non-Christian world. It is the mission of the 
 medical missionary to heal the body and, by the grace of God, 
 purify the soul. 
 
 The non-Christian world is a sick world. In India, where the 
 strong hand of the British Empire has long been felt and the 
 blessings of modern civilization have multiplied with the years 
 the great mass of the people 
 are without any proper medical 
 care. The Year Book of Mis- 
 sions in India, in a recent issue, 
 states : “Even as a merely phil- 
 anthropic agency, as a means to 
 lessening the sum of human 
 misery and increasing the sum 
 of human happiness, medical 
 missions are worth more than 
 all the money they cost.” The 
 need for medical relief in India, 
 in spite of all that is being done 
 by the Government, is greater 
 than is popularly supposed. A 
 few years ago, a British officer 
 in Calcutta gathered statistics 
 showing that out of 50,000 per- 
 sons who had died in a period 
 of five years, 62 per cent, re- 
 ceived no medical help of any 
 kind whatever. 
 
 Even the politician is recog- 
 mzmg the value of medical prac- china 
 
 9 
 
tice as an ally. 
 Certain Euro- 
 pean powers are 
 sending phy- 
 sicians as well 
 as diplomats to 
 the Orient. This 
 is illustrated in 
 the case of the 
 Germans in 
 Shantung, of the 
 French in 
 Southern China, 
 and more re- 
 cently, of hos- 
 pitals e s t a b- 
 lished in Korea, 
 made possible 
 partly by tbe 
 
 Dr. Maud Allen and her Jutal helpers, India philail 
 
 thropic Japan- 
 ese and partly 
 
 by the support of the Government. It is the opinion of those 
 best informed on the subject that ninety out of a hundred of 
 those who die in the non-Christian world, especially outside of 
 the great cities, die unattended by any physician. In the Pres- 
 byterian Hospital at Miraj, India, 
 from eight to nine hundred vil- 
 lages are annually represented 
 in the patients who apply for 
 treatment. The distance trav- 
 eled by the patients in a single 
 year averaged 185 miles. The 
 number of treatments given in 
 the hospitals and dispensaries 
 connected with this one institu- 
 tion in 1912-13 reached 47,000. 
 
 It matters not whether we 
 turn to darkest Africa or en- 
 lightened Syria, the same dire 
 need meets us. “I left Batta,” 
 writes a medical missionary on 
 the West Coast of Africa, “for 
 a long walk through Spanish 
 Guinea. I saw people writhing 
 in agony and delirium of death 
 where there is no water given, 
 or fire, or any comforts what- 
 ever. They were left to die alone 
 on the hard, cold earth with- 
 out a drop of water to wet their 
 
 parched lips. I saw those who case treated at Canton Hospital 
 
 * 10 
 
would surely die if left alone, but who could be sa,ved with treat- 
 ment. I saw patients covered with witch medicine that could only 
 be cured by the most skillful treatment. They had chains of 
 brass, supposed to be medicine to keep off their disease, but the 
 disease was stronger than the medicine.” 
 
 A physician at Tripoli writes: 
 
 “ ‘God loves little children, or they would die’ ; so says 
 an Arab proverb. A woman brought her babe, a month 
 old, saying it could not nurse. The under side of its 
 tongue had been burned with a hot knitting needle. This 
 was done to prevent its crying. It was effectual, as the 
 tongue was so badly swollen it filled the mouth. Another 
 mother brought her babe of three months ; its tongue had 
 been burned and its tonsils gouged out. To prevent a pos- 
 sible inflammation in the future, a burned place, the size 
 of a twenty-five cent piece, was on the top of its head, to 
 keep off the Evil Eye. The child died, and its mother 
 cannot tell whether it was the swollen tongue, the extensive 
 inflammation of the throat, the Evil Eye or the providence 
 of God which caused its death. Another child had a horrible 
 burn over its stomach to cure the colic. A young woman 
 was steamed over a copper vessel of boiling water, to 
 cure rheumatism, and she was so horribly burned that she 
 will die. The experience of Syrians in America does not 
 seem to cure them of the customs of burning and bleed- 
 ing to cure disease. Just imagine having a red hot iron 
 run up and down your spine to cure neuralgic pain, which 
 will disappear to-morrow without treatment, then being 
 obliged to go to the doctor to have the burns cured. This 
 is not a fancy picture, but an actual, almost daily oc- 
 currence.” 
 
 No medical missionary sent out by the Board in seventy-five 
 years has ever lacked for patients. The halt, the lame, the blind, 
 the leper, crowd upon him. Whatever may be the excellencies of 
 non-Christian religions, they utterly fail to care for the ills that 
 flesh is heir to. 
 
 The non-Christian world is an 
 ignorant world. The world to 
 whom the medical missionary goes 
 is ignorant of the simplest priir- 
 ciples of modern medical science. 
 
 The physician, under some name, 
 is present in every land, in every 
 community, but his knowledge is 
 limited and his sympathies per- 
 verted. “There is another dis- 
 order in China,” wrote Le Comte 
 in his Memoirs, “a great deal more 
 dangerous than that they lay to our 
 charge, and that is, that everybody is permitted to practice 
 physic like other mechanical arts, without examination or tak- 
 
 11 
 
ing a degree.” This was true of China in Le Comte’s day. Jt 
 is doubly true to-day in China as well as in other non-Chris- 
 tian lands. The sorcerer, the charlatan, the witch doctor, the 
 exorcists, the medical practitioner of some sort, is everywhere 
 present, and in most cases, inefficient or worse ; in many in- 
 stances the vile concoctions prepared for the patients having 
 no relation to the disease. Surgery is practically unknown. 
 “If one developed a tumor on the back of the neck,” quotes a 
 physician in China, “then it grew until the weight in the back of 
 the head was relieved by carrying the growth on a pole. If blind 
 from cataract, blind he remained, — no hospital, no nurse, no trained 
 hand to relieve any case of sufifering of the most simple character.” 
 In one village, not twenty miles from the hospital at Chieng i\Iai, 
 Siam, many of the people aver that the white physician will give 
 poison to kill the patient. In India the ignorance is appalling. 
 
 “An Indian friend of ours had a cane with a little crook at the 
 end. The virtue of this cane was that, if you put honey on the 
 crooked handle and suck it the day before you are bitten, it cures 
 a scorpion bite.” 
 
 A woman, sorely afflicted with disease, who came regularly for 
 treatment to the hospital at Lahore, was cured. She ascribed her 
 cure to the advice of a friend who told her that when she got a 
 fit she should cook two chapatties and feed them to a stray black 
 dog. She did this twice and was cured. 
 
 On account of this ignorance the physician requires unlimited 
 patience in dealing with sick folk in the non-Christian world. The 
 following conversation took place in Korea between a medical mis- 
 sionary and a patient. 
 
 Patient : “Are you in peace and how is your precious body ?” 
 
 Doctor : “I am well, thanks, have you come for medicine ?” 
 
 Patient: “Yes, your fame as a healer has penetrated to all 
 
 directions and I’ve walked fifty miles to see you.” 
 
 Doctor : “How old are you ?” 
 
 Patient : “Who, I ?” 
 
 Doctor: “Yes, how old are you?” 
 
 Patient : “Oh ! I was born on the tenth day of the fourth 
 
 moon of the second year of the present King’s reign.” 
 
 Doctor : “I understand what you’re talking about but your 
 
 meaning isn’t very clear. Just to show there is no hard feelings 
 between us, please tell me your age.” 
 
 Patient: “Cawsigy ! (an exclamation) I have eaten thirty 
 
 birthday cakes.” 
 
 At this the doctor takes a long breath, wipes the sweat from 
 his forehead, and continues with the interrogation. 
 
 Doctor: “Where do you live?” 
 
 Patient: “Anybody can tell you where I live. Just take the 
 
 big road and travel until you get nearly in sight of the big temple, 
 turn to the left and there is my house.” 
 
 Doctor : “P’ardon my stupidity, but as I have not lived long 
 
 in this country, I don’t know all the people ; so please tell me 
 your village.” 
 
 12 
 
Patient : “I live in — magistracy, but don’t see what bearing 
 
 that has on the case ; give me some medicine.” 
 
 Doctor: “If I might indulge your patience a little further, 
 
 I’d like you to tell me, with as little saliva as possible, when and 
 how the present trouble began.” 
 
 Patient : “My neighbor has a son Kim who married — ” 
 Doctor; “It doesn’t matter if he had a thousand sons. An- 
 swer my question.” 
 
 Patient : “Kim married my cousin and was — ” 
 
 Doctor : “I see it will be necessary to read up your geneal- 
 
 ogy and so please bring me any books of literature you have on 
 the subject, and after I inform myself I’ll give you the medicine.” 
 Patient: “No, I must have it now. As I started to say, Kim 
 
 was beating his wife, my cousin. I interfered, and he struck me 
 with his pipe, making a, painful bruise.” 
 
 He is given medicine and others follow. 
 
 In a hospital in Persia, a party of Koords tied up the charcoal 
 for their samovar in the 
 bed-spread, having no 
 very clear idea of any 
 other use for which the 
 bed-spread was designed. 
 
 Another patient, in 
 the same hospital, had a 
 rooster tethered to a peg- 
 driven in the cement floor. 
 
 The rooster was con- 
 cealed ; his hoarse crow 
 reverberating through the 
 halls being the first an- 
 nouncement of his pres- 
 ence to the astonished First surgical operation performed at Kang Kai. 
 
 physician. In the hos- 
 pital at Teheran a ten-year-old boy was to be operated upon, 
 and as the operation was not only delicate, but one endanger- 
 ing life, every precaution had been taken against sepsis. The 
 sheets had been thoroughly sterilized and the bedding was new. 
 The boy stood the operation nicely and when the physician saw 
 him the next day all seemed to be going on well. The doctor, 
 putting his hand on the bed, felt something move under the cover. 
 Raising the blanket, out jumped a pet duck and ran across the 
 floor crying ‘quack quack!’ As the word for charlatan in Persian 
 is not the same as in English, the physician did not feel that there 
 was anything persona! in the remark of this Persian duck. The 
 mother, who was nursing the child, upon being asked why she 
 permitted such a thing, replied, with a shrug of the shoulder, ‘that 
 the boy’s heart wanted it.’ Even among officials of high rank 
 examples of appalling ignorance are found. An official in Laos 
 asked a physician to extract a painful tooth, which was so loose it 
 could have been lifted out by the patient’s own fingers. On seeing 
 the dental instruments he was much perturbed. The happy thought 
 occurred to him to try it on another. So he promptly ordered a 
 
 13 
 
Part of the vaccinating staff of the Charles T. Van Santvoord Hospital, Lakawn 
 
 lesser official, who was sitting near, to have his tooth extracted. 
 This was done under his supervision, and being assured by the 
 substitute that it was not in the least painful, His Highness sub- 
 mitted to the extraction of the loose tooth. Both he and his physician 
 were very much pleased. He presented the physician with a large 
 fee, and his wife sent the physician’s wife a silver box; while the 
 incident furnished his large household a topic of conversation for 
 a long time. 
 
 It is true that among those who have accepted the Gospel there 
 is a higher degree of intelligence, but not without much ignorance 
 as well. A Christian elder in Korea, a man who quite believed in 
 the use of quinine to cure malarial fever, being ill with fever, was 
 furnished with a quantity of the drug and given specific directions 
 to take several doses each day. When again seen, after a num- 
 ber of days, he was no better. “Have you taken the quinine?” 
 “Yes,” he replied, “I take two grains every day.” “But that is not 
 sufficient. Don’t you remember tbe directions abont taking many 
 doses a day?” “Oh, yes, but taken in that way the medicine would 
 soon all be gone.” 
 
 A patient in India was given three strips of mustard plaster 
 to apply at home. The next day she returned no better. On in- 
 (juiry, it was found that she had eaten the plaster at meals during 
 the day. The treatment given by tbe native practitioner, who is 
 supposed to be better informed than the patient, illustrates the 
 dense ignorance of the people. 
 
 14 
 
“I have heard,” writes a physician from Yeung Kong, 
 
 China, “of a new cure for inflammation of the throat, 
 namely, eight cockroaches, each as large as your thumb, 
 taken raw. One woman attempted to remove an ulcer 
 from her leg with quick lime ; the ulcer disappeared as well 
 as most of her leg and, as she refused amputation, I sup- 
 pose she has since died. We have a small flock of goats, 
 one of which we have several times loaned over night to 
 neighbors at their request. It seems there is a certain 
 ‘wind’ which a child catches, for which a goat, in close 
 proximity, is the antidote. I have no doubt but that the 
 goat effects a change of atmosphere!” 
 
 These illustrations, taken at random from many 
 fields, could be indefinitely multiplied. Ignorance is 
 the base of a large amount of the medical treatment 
 given by native practitioners. 
 
 The non-Christian world is also a superstitious 
 world. Animism, the fear or worship of evil spirits, 
 underlies all heathen religion and dominates all the 
 life of the heathen world. This is not only true of 
 Africa but of India, China, Persia, the Philippines, 
 
 Siam and Laos, and practically all non-Christian peo- 
 ples. The god of heathendom is a god of fear, a 
 god of evil. This enters largely into the conception 
 of disease, sickness, disaster, and every kind of mis- 
 fortune. The witch doctors have a certain worldly 
 wisdom. They know the use of various herbs and 
 plants. Some of their remedies have a curative value, ^xache/e ^os^pfta^^ 
 but the greatest ingredient is superstition. 
 
 At Leyte, in the Philippine Islands, not later than the year 
 1912, a woman supposed to be a witch was brought with her child 
 to the missionary physician. Both were frightfully mutilated, 
 cruelly cut with bolos. The woman had a compound fracture of 
 the skull, the brain being exposed. The child’s head was also laid 
 open. The superstitious Filipinos in the mountains believed that 
 this woman was a witch. The only way of destroying the witch 
 was to kill the mother and child. The skill of the physician frus- 
 trated this diabolical scheme. 
 
 In West Africa a missionary was called to see a woman who 
 had been shot. She was a beautiful Bulu woman. Nine days after 
 the shooting she died and was buried in the streets. A witch, 
 which supposedly was taken out of her, was burned in a fire that 
 friends made over the grave. 
 
 A missionary in Hamadan, late one night, received a “hurry 
 call” to visit a patient. After a long tramp through mud and slush 
 she reached the home. The patient was unconscious. A very 
 simple operation was all that was necessary, but a group of women, 
 including the mother, refused to allow the operation. The doc- 
 tor appealed to the husband and to the father, but the women of 
 the household would not consent to allow one of their number 
 to be contaminated by a “Christian dog.” The patient died without 
 treatment because of superstition as base and as illogical as that 
 
 15 
 
Dispensary assistants at ilacLean Station, West Africa 
 
 to be found in the densest African jungle. The so-called superior- 
 ity of Islam is not apparent to the medical missionary. 
 
 Superstition meets the medical missionary everywhere. At 
 the Ferozepur Hospital in India a Sikh woman was brought in, 
 threatened with peritonitis. 
 
 “The symptoms were relieved and, on the fourth day, 
 she seemed on the road to recovery. But she had the firm 
 belief that the spirit of her husband’s first wife was an- 
 noying ber. A second wife always wears the picture of 
 the first wife around her neck. It is on a piece of silver. 
 
 To be sure, all these first wives bear such a wonderful 
 resemblance to one another that their own mothers could 
 not tell them apart. Our patient’s husband said her ill- 
 ness began after she had been under a pipul tree, which, 
 you know is a sacred tree. She had heard the spirits 
 whispering in the tree. All the fifth day in the hospital 
 she lay without speaking. A wise man performed in- 
 cantations over some ashes and she was made to swallow 
 this powder. The next day she seemed better, and an- 
 swered questions. Tbe ashes had been beneficial ! The 
 day after she screamed most of the time and seemed to 
 be fighting something away. She was unconscious the 
 following day, and died in the evening. I firmly believe she 
 was frightened to death by some idea sbe had of spirits.” 
 
 This fear of evil spirits dominates the heathen world. The 
 evil s]firit is supposed to cause disease. This S])irit of the demon must 
 be overcome. This superstition lies at the basis of much misery 
 
 1C 
 
and untold suffering throughout 
 the heathen world. A nurse 
 who had but recently arrived in 
 Africa and was ignorant of the 
 language was called to see a 
 woman supposed to be dying. 
 
 “ I found her,” writes 
 this young nurse, “covered 
 with goat and chicken blood. 
 
 This was supposed to kill 
 the witch that was within 
 her. According to my 
 knowledge, there was not 
 any immediate danger. I 
 expect her to be on the road 
 to recovery in a few days 
 and hope to have her hus- 
 band become a Christian. Bride and groom— young man is hospital 
 TT • 11 1 11 assistant at Lakawn, Laos 
 
 He IS tall and strong look- 
 ing, exceptionally loving and kind to his wife, but filled 
 with fear and superstition. The wife is a church member. 
 
 I convinced him that his wife would get well, and told him 
 (through an interpreter) that there were no witches con- 
 nected with God’s plan in building the human body.” 
 
 The young trained Christian woman, just fresh from the 
 medical school, was more than a match for the superstition of ages. 
 This belief in the witch or demon being inside the patient has much 
 to do with the treatment of many diseases. The use of the “chim” 
 or needle is common in many Oriental lands as a means of letting 
 out the demon causing the disease. 
 
 A medical missionary in Peking writes : 
 
 “The Chinese are great believers in what they call 
 
 Soldiers injiired by cartridge explosion — treated at Severance Hospital, Seoul 
 
 17 
 
Operating on a wounded soldier, Paotingfu 
 
 the ‘needle method’ of curing disease. This consists in 
 inserting steel needles, from an inch to several inches long, 
 into any part of the body where there is pain. One of 
 their most vaunted cures for cholera is running a needle 
 into the abdomen, with the idea of easing the pain. Of 
 course, with this utter lack of anatomical knowledge, the 
 native doctor cannot insert his needles promiscuously into 
 the body of his patient without at times doing serious 
 damage. We had at the same time in the hospital three 
 cases of bone disease — one, of the outer table of the skull ; 
 one, of the elbow joint; and the third, of the foot — all re- 
 sulting from this barbarous practice. Those physicians 
 who practice this ‘method’ come chiefly from one of the 
 interior provinces. They are supposed, before being al- 
 lowed to treat patients, to have studied with some recog- 
 nized teacher, and to have passed an examination as to 
 their proficiency in this art. In the so-called Imperial 
 Medical School in this city (Peking) there is a bronze 
 figure of a man, pierced all over the body with several 
 hundreds of small holes. Each of these holes has its 
 name, and the student practices until he is able, through 
 a garment placed over the manikin, to insert a needle 
 into any given spot, merely by the sense of touch. When 
 called to treat a patient, having located the seat of pain, 
 he must remember which of the little pin-holes in the 
 manikin corresponds to this locality, and then follow the 
 directions given to him for sticking in the needle at the 
 particular place and the witch is released.” 
 
 18 
 
A Korean physician tells of 
 what he calls a “record breaker” 
 as far as the use of the chim is 
 concerned. 
 
 “The patient was car- 
 ried to us in a chair, com- 
 plaining that she could not 
 walk without great pain. 
 
 Upon examination she con- 
 fessed to using a Korean 
 chim (needle) and said 
 that she had introduced it 
 into her abdomen, but in- 
 formed us that this had 
 nothing to do with the pain 
 in her limb. We thought it 
 did have something to do 
 with it, when we could feel 
 the end of the needle in the 
 left side, whose point was 
 imbedded in the muscles of 
 the limb on that side. We 
 did an abdominal operation 
 and removed the needle, which proved to be four inches 
 long. No wonder she had pain when she walked. This 
 is the longest Korean needle I have ever seen removed 
 from a Korean, the average length being from one-eighth 
 of an inch to an inch. She made a complete recovery.” 
 Superstition is not without certain benefits, as a physician in 
 China indicates : 
 
 “The resisting power of the Chinese constitution must 
 be wonderful; and ages of contact with filth of all kinds 
 must have developed their immunity to a high degree. 
 
 In one city the entire sewerage of 100,000 people is col- 
 lected in the streets to be sold as fertilizer in the spring. 
 
 If it were not used in this way, it is hard to say what 
 would become of it. Only the universal habit of drink- 
 ing boiled water prevents catastrophies. Many Chinese 
 believe that cold water, outside or inside, causes pains 
 and cramps of the severest kind, which superstition has 
 kept them healthy and filthy for ages.” 
 
 The customs of the people, the unhygienic conditions in which 
 non-Christian peoples live, render the work of the missionary 
 most difficult. Native conditions as well as native character call 
 loudly for the medical missionary. Child marriages, plural mar- 
 riages, ignorance regarding the simplest laws of health, lust and 
 cruelty combine to crush womanhood and childhood. Woman fears 
 the native physician because she has suffered much at his hands. 
 Not until the year 1910 was there found a woman in Peking will- 
 ing to submit to an abdominal operation in the great Douw Hos- 
 pital for Women. One woman from the country was relieved 
 
 19 
 
A lesson in bandaging, W'omen’s Medical College, Canton 
 
 of an eighty-five pound tumor, the woman herself weighing 
 scarcely more than the tumor. A few months after her recovery 
 she came to the hospital bringing one hundred eggs as a thank 
 ofifering. Her story was often told and proved a great advertise- 
 ment for the hospital. 
 
 Custom, tradition, ignorance, superstition are fast giving way 
 before the medical missionary. The medical missionary is welcomed 
 in many lands. His task is but just begun. 
 
 “One interesting fact,” writes a physician in ‘The 
 Church Missionary Intelligencer’, “not, of course, confined 
 to hospital patients, may he taken as absolutely true ; the 
 change in face undergone by those who are learning about 
 Christ. I have seen this over and over again, and, on ask- 
 ing others, they have told me the same thing. Their faces 
 seem positively plastic under the moulding of the Holy 
 Spirit. The dull, unintelligent look that so many of the 
 quite ignorant wear on first coming into the wards, changes 
 in as short a period as two or three weeks into a far more 
 intelligent and bright ‘facies,’ to use a medical term. We 
 doctors speak of the ‘facies Hippocratici,’ and the ‘facies’ 
 of this or that disease but, thank God! this is a ‘facies’ 
 of life, everlasting life, and not of death or disease.” 
 
 IMxA.GO CHRISTI is writ large over the threshold of every 
 dispensary, hospital and home whither the medical missionary has 
 gone. 
 
 20 
 
CHAPTER I. 
 
 “The Blind Receive Their Sight” 
 
 It is significant that this stands first in the list of works men- 
 tioned by onr Lord to be reported to the doubting John. Then, as 
 now, the number of the blind was a great host. In China, India 
 Syria, Persia and in most non-Christian lands blindness is exceed- 
 ingly common. In China it is estimated that one in eight of the 
 population is blind. A missionary of standing in South China 
 states that blindness is so common that even in a small gathering 
 many partiall}^ or wholly blind are seen. The illy ventilated houses, 
 smoky rooms and unhygienic conditions prev- 
 alent in the Orient induce blindness. One phy- 
 sician in Syria of twenty years’ experience, re- 
 ports 2,000 operations for cataract. In the vol- 
 ume “Twenty Years in Persia,” there is a record 
 of a native physician from Hamadan who came 
 to the hospital, led by his little boy. “For the 
 sake of God do something to restore my sight,” 
 cried the blind man, “for although my son leads 
 me by the hand, yet for two years I have not 
 seen his face.” An operation for cataract made 
 it possible for him to look upon the face of his 
 son, to take up his medical practice and to sup- 
 port his family. 
 
 The last medical missionary sent to Persia, 
 in 1912, writes : 
 
 “All I can say is that I fervently thank 
 God every day that I was allowed to come. 
 
 I’ve never been happier. I love it. I have 
 been here seven and a half months now. 
 
 . . . I’ve never had such satisfaction in my life. This giv- 
 ing sight to blind people is wonderful. A blind girl came 
 twelve days’ journey. We operated on both eyes and both 
 turned out well. Where is the sacrifice to have this 
 privilege ?” 
 
 In the Orient blind beggars roam everywhere. They live on 
 streets, in hovels, in out-of-the-way places, dependent on the gifts 
 of the benevolent. It was the sight of these multitudes of blind 
 ones that smote the heart of the son of the Scotch miller, W. IT. H. 
 Murray, and led him to teach hundreds of blind to read. He esti- 
 mated that there were 500,000 blind in China. 
 
 The first operation in the “David Gregg Hospital for Women 
 and Children”, in Southern China, was on a woman who had cat- 
 aract in both eyes. “When I removed the bandage in due time 
 after the operation,” wrote the missionary physician, “I held up my 
 five fingers, and asked how many could she see. She replied ‘five, 
 but I want to see you.’ ” 
 
 Cataract case, Tripoli 
 
 21 
 
It is the same story everywhere: “The blind receive their 
 sight” and turn to the giver as one sent of God. 
 
 A pious Moslem was brought to one of tlie mission hospitals in 
 Persia. He came convinced that a merciful God would use this 
 means for the restoration of lost sight. He said to the physician: 
 
 “Doctor, can you read? .... Well, then you know 
 what blindness means to one who has not seen for three 
 years. All the people of the village used to bring their 
 notes and deeds to me and I often read our holy books to 
 them, but now except for the little I have memorized, I 
 am as much of an animal as any of them.” The doctor 
 adds, 
 
 “He was fond of discussing religious themes, and soon de- 
 manded that prayers be conducted daily in his room. On the day 
 that I had promised to let him open his eyes and see if the opera- 
 tion was a success, he addressed me, very seriously, saying: 
 
 “I have a petition. I wish the words of Christ, in the 
 New Testament, to be the first thing that my opened eyes 
 
 Cataract cases at Caroline A. Ladd Hospital, Pyeng Yang 
 22 
 
shall fall upon, but am unprepared to-day, for since you 
 operated on me I have not been able to shave and wash my 
 head, and undergo all the necessary relations to an effec- 
 tual prayer.” 
 
 “I told him I could arrange for that by leaving a single 
 band over his eyes. When he was ready I removed this 
 band and held the Testament before him. He could easily 
 see the title New Testament or New Boncise, as it is in 
 Persian. Repeating this and assuring himself that he 
 saw every letter, he raised both hands toward heaven and 
 uttered a most fervent and touching prayer of gratitude 
 to God and to ‘His Holy Spirit, Jesus Christ’.” 
 
 At times the gratitude is bound up with the cure in the thought 
 of the patient. A women sixty-five years of age entered the hos- 
 pital at Taiku, Korea. She was blind in both eyes. “Do you be- 
 lieve in Jesus?” she was asked. “No,” said she, “but if you can 
 cure me I will.” She was cured. One day she walked into the 
 prayer meeting and when the meeting was over said : “God has 
 
 given me back my sight, and now I am going to believe in Jesus.” 
 Her son and daughter also became believers. 
 
 At times patients cannot express the joy at the blessing ob- 
 tained. The hospital at Andong, Korea, was opened in 1912. One 
 of the first operations was an old woman led by the hand to the 
 
 hospital. She plead with the missionary to give her back her 
 
 sight. She stated that her son was only a little lad when blindness 
 shut out her world. Now, he was a man grown; if only she could 
 look upon his face again, like the ancient prophet, she would depart 
 in peace. The cure was complete. “I can see you,” she joyfully 
 cried to the physician and the nurse, “and when my son comes, I 
 can see his face, too. I thank God who has given me this great 
 blessing.” 
 
 The testimony is not always as clear. The gratitude is not 
 
 always expressed so fully to the great Giver of all good. Two 
 
 blind men were cured at a hospital in Korea. One wrote : 
 
 “The noted foreign Doctor, having come to the east, 
 has rescued so many that we cannot begin to write about 
 them all. His wonderful supernatural skill was not known 
 heretofore. Sad to say, I had been blind for several 
 years, and was feeling a good deal of remorse because 
 there was not a physician who could restore my sight, 
 when I met this noted doctor, who, by the skilful use of 
 instruments and medicine, made me to see again. Al- 
 though such grace cannot be estimated or repaid, I, who 
 never expected to see again, by means of these few lines, 
 wish to write my praise, with many others who have been 
 brought to life again. The more I think of my wonder- 
 ful cure, the more I am convinced that it was not by any 
 magical art, but because of virtue. If you look to the east 
 when the bright moon rises, the clouds roll away, and it 
 becomes clear and distinct ; but although I struck and beat 
 my eyes, I could not remove the white covering which 
 
 23 
 
darkened them. Is there a Physician in the east who 
 knows the great art of healing? Yes, one who has mas- 
 tered the law of using instruments and medicine until 
 there is nothing more to learn. Before he came, even 
 bright noon-day was darkness; after he removed the cloud, 
 my eyes were clear and bright. Plow can I write of my joy? 
 Such grace increases as the day goes by. By rubbing and 
 polishing a tarnished gem or glass it shines as new. Was 
 it because of any virtue of mine that God sent a Gem- 
 polisher? Virtue manifested itself in the skilful use of in- 
 struments and application of the art of healing. There- 
 fore I am happy, and by these few lines praise the virtue 
 of the Honorable Physician.” 
 
 The need of the trained physician whose heart has been touched 
 by Divine love, is everywhere manife.sted. In many lands blind 
 boys are educated to tell fortunes. Nearly all the sorcerers in 
 
 Eye patients, Changteh, Hunan 
 
 Korea are blind men. In Ghina blind girls are commonly sold to 
 depraved women who traffic for immoral purposes with these 
 helpless victims of ignorance and greed. 
 
 In a village eighty miles from Tengchowfu, Ghina, a little boy 
 of six years old was found totally blind. His mother said; “His 
 eyes were sore for a long time.” The physician asked : “Why 
 
 did you not go for treatment?” The sad reply was, “We did not 
 know.” A merchant tries all the Chinese doctors he knows. He 
 is not helped. He goes to the Christian hospital, studies the 
 truth while there, promises God if cured he will serve Him. He 
 
 24 
 
returns to his home in Shantung cured. To-day his entire family 
 are Christians. He has built a school-house, his children are taught 
 the truth, and when leaving on a trip he said to his family, “Learn 
 all you can about Jesus, of His power to heal.” 
 
 No sadder task falls to the lot of a missionary than when con- 
 fronted with hopeless cases, especially as many of these have been 
 rendered helpless because of neglect or of the ignorance of the 
 native physician. One day a man appeared at a mission dispensary 
 in India totally blind. His story was soon told. Some weeks 
 previously, his eyes having been inflamed, a friend advised him to 
 put in a few drops of nitric acid ! 
 
 The loving affection of parents for 
 children is not confined to Christian 
 lands and Christian homes. The 
 heathen father and mother are so- 
 licitous for the child, quite as much 
 as the Christian. There was brought 
 to one of the Mission hospitals in 
 Korea a little lad five years of age. 
 
 His parents walked all the way car- 
 rying the boy a distance not less than 
 one hundred and forty miles. The 
 story was soon told of how the child 
 had been ill with measles, the eye 
 had become inflamed, swollen and 
 protruding. “We have only two yen 
 ($1.00), said these afflicted parents. 
 
 “It will cost all of this or more for 
 food on the way home, but if you 
 can free our boy from this eye dis- 
 ease and suffering and pain, we will gladly beg our way for the 
 journey home.” 
 
 It is the human touch of the healer, the sympathetic word, the 
 pointing upward to the Great Physician which is often a source of 
 great blessing even when the skill of the physician is unavailing. 
 The missionary has been the pioneer in this great work in practi- 
 cally all non-Christian lands. It was the sight of blind singing 
 girls with their mistresses, wandering at night through the streets 
 of the great city of Canton, that led a missionary to start a school 
 for the blind, which has been not only a source of great blessing to 
 those who have come within the immediate sphere of its influence, 
 but an example and incentive to the Chinese nation. 
 
 “Just outside Canton City wall,” writes this servant of 
 the Lord, “is a village for blind people. Here they can 
 live and receive a few cash daily from the government, 
 but not enough for a meagre support. This they are al- 
 lowed to eke out as best they may, and most of them beg 
 in the streets of Canton. No instruction is given them. 
 Some of the blind make their living by fortune telling. 
 Blind singing girls, gaudily dressed, go upon the streets at 
 night and bear no good name. They are owned by mis- 
 tresses who often treat them most cruelly. My experience 
 
 25 
 
 A blind pauper, Syria 
 
as a physician in a hospital has compelled me to know the 
 sadness of their lot. One patient begged me to say she 
 could not recover so that her mistress would desert her. 
 
 “When little girls were brought to me for treatment 
 whose eyes I must pronounce incurable, I feared these 
 words might consign them to the lot of the blind singing 
 girls. It is due to my mother’s interest that I was enabled, 
 and felt impelled, to rescue several such little girls who 
 were about to be sold. In 1891 we opened our school 
 with four pupils.” 
 
 The work developed marvelously. In 1911 there was the for- 
 mal dedication of the new building which had been erected large- 
 ly through the contributions of the Chinese themselves. Former 
 pupils and graduates, with friends and government officials and 
 representatives from foreign nations, wondered at what they saw 
 
 Blind children from Dr. Mary Niles’ Home, Canton 
 
 and heard on that day. The blind girls recited the 21th Psalm. 
 One blind girl of seventeen presided at the organ. Two gradu- 
 ates wrote from the Chinese classics, using the old-fashioned frame 
 and stylus, while others used the Braille typewriter. IMost inter- 
 esting of all, one of the graduates delivered an address. We quote 
 a single paragraph: 
 
 “This is a very joyous occasion. Why are we so 
 happy? Because we are taught as well as cared for. 
 China always has had many schools, but it never opened 
 one for the blind. The missionaries have come from the 
 West bringing this doctrine: ‘Let this mind be in you 
 which was also in Christ Jesus.’ He helped the blind. 
 
 The school is finished, and my heart thanks God for His 
 mercy. I would like to give a word of admonition to 
 those who were my fellow-students : Be diligent to learn. 
 Formerly there lived a woman blind as we are. At that 
 time there was a king whose heart was black. He killed 
 all the scholars and burned their books. The blind woman 
 picked up one of the hooks and saved it. She did not 
 know the value of it. Afterward some one saw this book 
 
 26 
 
and recognized that it was very precious. It was the 
 teaching of Confucius. So it is the wish of my heart, 
 that as this blind woman kept for others the valuable 
 teachings of Confucius, we may preserve and show the 
 doctrines of Christ to China.” 
 
 Another graduate said : 
 
 “Not only does it show the love of Jesus, but the 
 school for the Blind shows what fervent, glowing hearts 
 that believe in Jesus can accomplish when combined with 
 hands that work with all the strength given them. We are 
 taught to stand firm in the doctrine and we are allowed 
 to help in the advancement of the Church.” 
 
 A distinguished Chinese said : “Though there are many new 
 
 schools open, none are of more value or so necessary as this school 
 for the blind. China should exert herself and help that so great 
 a design should not be frustrated for lack of her assistance.” 
 The graduates of this school are teaching, serving as Bible 
 women and as nurses, and one is a masseuse. Nearly all are fol- 
 lowers of Jesus Christ. 
 
 “Are we blind also?” said the Pharisees long ago to the Great 
 Physician. Many a one in non-Christian lands whose physical eye- 
 sight is not restored, sees with far-reaching spiritual vision. Wang, 
 of Chong Jong, Korea, had been a chungnim, a sort of a devil 
 priest and sorcerer. He went about deceiving bis poor super- 
 stitious neighbors, making them believe that it was through his 
 intercession they would be able to escape the wiles of the devil. 
 He succeeded in wringing many a, yen from these deluded people. 
 
 Man cured of blindness leading friends to hospital, Changteli 
 
One day he heard about the Light and his dark soul was 
 illuminated. He was told of a Bible for the blind. It set him 
 thinking. He invented an alphabet of his own. He journeyed 
 three hundred miles from his home in the south to the school for 
 the blind at Pyeng Yang, in the north. He learned to read and 
 opened a school for the blind. “The blind receive their sight” in 
 Korea because of the light which has come into the soul of him who 
 was once the blind chungnim (devil priest) but is now the moksa 
 (teacher) . 
 
 The China Medical Association, embracing practically all the 
 foreign medical missionaries of China, has addressed itself to the 
 task of issuing leaflets, arranging for courses of lectures giving at- 
 tention to hygiene, bathing, ventilation in home and school, and en- 
 deavoring to bring to the great masses of the people the knowledge 
 which, if properly used, would diminish greatly the number of those 
 who walk in darkness. When one considers the vast work done by 
 the medical missionary for this one type of suffering in a single land 
 like China, it is no wonder that the spirit of Christianity has made 
 such a favorable impression on all classes of society. A foreigner, 
 traveling down the Yellow River, a score of miles from Tsining 
 in a house-boat, overheard a conversation between the boatman and 
 a Chinese passenger. They were discussing missions from a thor- 
 oughly Chinese point of view. Said the passenger: “I do not 
 
 believe in this foreign doctrine, nor have I any use for these mis- 
 sions in China.” “Well,” said the boatman, “you evidently have not 
 been in Tsining. I went there to the hospital blind in both eyes, 
 and they cured me. I believe in them.” This story is repeated in 
 many lands. It is still true as of old, where the servant of the 
 Master goes, “The blind receive tbeir sight.” 
 
 28 
 
CHAPTER II. 
 "The Lame Walk” 
 
 The medical missionary to-day, following closely the footsteps 
 of the Great Physician, goes about ‘‘healing all manner of sick- 
 ness and all manner of disease among the people.” The phrase, 
 “the lame walk,” is descriptive of the manifold blessings which lie 
 in the wake of the medical missionary, — the bread-winner regains 
 his health, pain is driven from the body of the weary sufferer, new 
 life and hope come to those who have spent all their living on native 
 physicians, and are nothing better, but rather the worse. This is 
 epitomized in the story of Laxman, the Indian boy, the son of a 
 haughty Brahmin government official. This lad of eight years, 
 worn and weary after three years’ suffering with fever and pain 
 from multiple abscesses of the bones, so that he was unable to 
 walk or hardly to move upon his couch of pain, was brought to the 
 bungalow of the physician in a dying condition. After much per- 
 suasion the father consented to an operation, but refused to permit 
 his son to remain in the hospital afterwards because of his fear 
 of the ghosts. After the operation the little lad was too weak to be 
 moved. The only condition under which the parents would con- 
 sent to his remaining in the hospital was that a guard of three men 
 be provided to keep off the ghosts. No ghosts appeared. The boy 
 made a splendid recovery. As he left the hospital he said : “When 
 I grow up I am coming back to become a Christian and a, doctor.” 
 
 A young Brahmin woman of the very highest caste, after an 
 operation in the hospital, which gave her full use of her limbs, was 
 so overjo}^ed and so grateful that she confessed Christ. She is now 
 in a Nurses’ Training School fitting herself for a life service for 
 India. The devoted servant of Christ represents a relation so new, 
 so unique, so different from anything the non-Christian world has 
 ever known, that hearts are softened, prejudices broken down and 
 the way opened for the truth. In the majority of cases, the native 
 physician is either helpless or a charlatan. 
 
 “Almost every day,” writes a physician in charge of one of the 
 Korean hospitals, “some variety of partial paralysis is brought to 
 us. At one time it is a leg or an arm and the patient limps or he 
 carries his arm in a sling. Again, it is a part of the face, the 
 mouth has gone to one side, one eye cannot be closed, and is in- 
 tensely irritated and sore, due to constant exposure. All varieties 
 come, and hearts are sad, for often we can offer little relief. Cases 
 due to syphilis may be cured, but in many patients whose disease 
 found its root in early years, due to improper food, we can do little 
 but relieve pain. When a cure is effected, the news spreads and 
 we are overwhelmed with patients.” 
 
 A leaf from the diary of a medical missionary in Hainan reads 
 not unlike a chapter in the Gospels. 
 
 29 
 
“All clay long we looked at the lame, the halt and the 
 blind ; all day long we looked at little old women with 
 cough, and little sun-tanned sailors with rheumatism ; 
 
 looked at children with stomach-aches 
 and looked at chronic cases of foul 
 sores. All day long we did what we 
 could, and some we directed to go to 
 the hospital. At times, when we 
 got too tired, we turned the serious 
 A-mang loose on the crowd and he at- 
 tended to the selling of his books and 
 to the talking of the doctrine. At 
 the day’s end we would stop and go to 
 the river, that flowed to the sea, and 
 lie on the bank, but the crowd would 
 follow with their aches and pains. We 
 could only smile, shake our head and 
 say, ‘Too tired, come to-morrow.’ We 
 did this the next day and the next. When 
 Sunday came, we turned out the rab- 
 ble and filled the little chapel with 
 Christians. We stopped at a monstrous 
 banyan tree. Sawyers of wood were 
 underneath. One called out, ‘Here is 
 the doctor who cured my leg; call the 
 man with the double cataract and the 
 man with the tumor. They came and 
 said they would go to the hospital if 
 they could be cured. We sent them to 
 the hospital and passed on.” 
 
 In cases of accident or sudden injury the helplessness of the 
 native practitioner is in striking contrast to the efficient service of 
 the missionary who often can give instant relief. 
 
 “I opened a dispensary a month ago,” writes a new mission- 
 ary in Western India, “in a mud-floor room, which serves for 
 reception-room and consulting-room ; it even served as an operating- 
 room three days ago when a boy was brought in who had been in- 
 jured by an ox kicking him. I boiled a needle and thread, laid the 
 boy on the floor, put in the necessary stitches, my compounder giv- 
 ing the anesthetic. Things were not perfectly aseptic, but the 
 wound is doing as well as though it had been done under more rigid 
 rules of surgery. The mother is very grateful.” 
 
 Surgical treatment is almost unknown in non-Christian lands, 
 and the work done by the surgeon is often so wonderful to the 
 native mind that expectations are aroused that cannot be realized. 
 A man was brought sixty miles, carried on a bed by his relatives, to 
 the Hope Hospital, Hwai Yuen, China. The examination showed 
 compound fracture in a state of sepsis such as one never sees in 
 America, the wound being alive with maggots. The only treatment 
 that could he offered was amputation, and this was accepted at 
 once after a careful e.xplanation had been given. When the oper- 
 
 30 
 
 A case of tubercular Jenee — 
 parents were about to throw 
 her into the river — rescued 
 by missionary 
 
ation was complete and the patient was back again in bed, a brother 
 came and asked why the leg was not put on again. They had 
 understood fully that it was to come off and were inclined to pro- 
 test bitterly that they had been betrayed, since they thought it 
 could be replaced. Their reasoning was logical, since a year before 
 a neighbor had a similar but less severe injury. It did not require 
 amputation, albeit, it was their supposition that the physician had 
 removed the leg, treated it and then replaced it. After a long talk, 
 however, the family was convinced that the life of their relative 
 had been saved and they returned home grateful. Even if every- 
 thing is favorable, the result of an 
 operation, from a medical point of 
 view, is often rendered doubtful be- 
 cause of the after treatment of the 
 patient by his friends. 
 
 The demands on the time and 
 strength of the physician are so 
 great that it is not possible to give 
 the attention to individual patients 
 that many cases require. The phy- 
 sician, like the Divine Master of old, 
 has “no leisure, not so much as to 
 eat.” 
 
 A day’s work at Paotingfu is 
 thus described ; 
 
 “A visit to the sick at the 
 Provincial College, then to the 
 mother of an army officer in the 
 city, returning, performed an 
 operation for cataract on a pa- 
 tient sixty years of age ; then at- 
 tended Station Meeting. Re- 
 turning to the hospital removed 
 a large cyst from a man’s face, 
 swinging from a cavity in the 
 upper jaw. Followed with a 
 reading up of the case at home, 
 while eating lunch. After eat- 
 ing lunch, visited the Woman’s 
 Hospital, to remove a tumor from a six-months-old babe. 
 Proceeded thence to a clinic, on which a beginning had 
 been made by the native doctor, operating upon two 
 cases which had defied the army surgeon. After dinner, 
 darkness having come, went to the hospital to attend to a 
 man who had been run over by a heavy cart.” 
 
 This is not a unique case. It is practically duplicated in every 
 hospital and dispensary in non-Christian lands. A day in Louisa 
 Y. Boyd Hospital at Tsinanfu is replete with varied acts of mercy. 
 
 “A crowd was gathering before the gate of the Louisa 
 Y. Boyd Hospital for Women. The hour for opening had 
 not yet arrived, but the Chinese know very little about 
 time ; they knew it was past noon and the gate would be 
 
 31 
 
 Double amputation from foot-binding 
 
open some time after that. At one it swung open and the 
 halt, the lame and the blind came as best they could into 
 the waiting room. But there is not time to show you all 
 the cases, so we will ask that queer little creature, hob- 
 bling by aid of a heavy stick and the help of a pleasant- 
 faced woman, to come in. Upon inquiry we find that she 
 i's a slave girl about twelve years old, bought for a small 
 sum by a wealthy family and used as a toy, a tool, or a 
 drudge, as circumstances may warrant. The result? A 
 wrecked body, a timid, shrinking little creature full of 
 aches and pain. Her attendant is a servant in the same 
 home. I examined the awful ulcers in the little body, some 
 having eaten to the bone. I carefully look at what ought 
 to be called feet but are now black, sloughing, awful 
 masses. The servant asks whether I can cure her or not 
 and my heart sinks, for she is almost past help and I 
 know that, unless she can be cured and made whole, she 
 will be cast aside and left to slowly starve to death. She 
 would have a better chance for life were one foot ampu- 
 tated, but who would want a maimed creature like that — ■ 
 starvation would surely be her lot then. So with a con- 
 servative diagnosis to be taken to the mistress, the little 
 one is cared for as tenderly as possible, for she is timid 
 and shrinking and frightened at being made much of. We 
 
 can only send her home with 
 a prayer that He who loves 
 these little ones may soften 
 the hearts of those who have 
 this little life in their keep- 
 ing and insist that they send 
 her daily for treatment. 
 
 “Then we must turn to 
 the next patient, for twenty- 
 seven more are waiting and 
 I must get through in time 
 to take an hour’s ride across 
 the city in a sedan chair, to 
 see a baby already prob- 
 ably past help because the 
 jiarents tried all other means 
 before calling in the foreign 
 doctor.” 
 
 Emergency cases tax the skill and patience of the physician. 
 A patient, for example, drinks ammonia liniment instead of rubbing 
 it on his leg. As he expressed it, his “insides were very much 
 spoiled,” and the physician greatly perturbed. Many put off com- 
 ing to the doctor until all hope is gone. Some expect to be cured in 
 two hours by the clock. 
 
 “I gave a boy,” writes a physician in China, “some medicine at 
 8 o’clock A.M. At 10 he asked the teacher of the school for per- 
 mission to go home as the medicine had not done him any good. 
 Yet this lad will wear, month after month, sticking plaster, which 
 
 32 
 
has absolutely no curative value, but the reverse, with a child-like 
 faith in its ability to remove his pain.” 
 
 At Chung Ju Korea, a woman came to the dispensary with 
 a collar-bone which had been broken the year before and had united 
 badly. As a result, she had little use of her arm. The operation 
 was most successful and the result satisfactory. Three weeks after 
 the operation she went home. Her mother-in-law, in order to be 
 sure the doctor had done his work well, grasped the girl by the arm 
 and pulled and twisted and jerked until the victim groaned in agony. 
 Having assured herself that the foreign doctor had done well, 
 she accepted the daughter-in-law but forgot to pay the doctor. 
 
 At the same hospital in Chung Ju, one Sabbath morning, a 
 man and woman came running to the dispensary. In their arms 
 they carried a little babe. They cried that the babe was dying. It 
 died in the afternoon. The child had no clothes, no coffin, nothing. 
 There was just a little naked body to be interred in the cold earth. 
 A song service, prayer and Scripture reading, then the father, with 
 a spade over one shoulder and a cracker-box on the other, went 
 out on the hills to bury the body of his little one, who might have 
 been saved had she been brought to the hospital in time. It is just 
 such cases, and they are very numerous, which smite the heart of 
 the missionary physician. 
 
 On the other hand, a single successful operation and kindly 
 treatment on the part of the missionary bring large reward. “About 
 the first case I had,” writes a missionary in charge of the hospital in 
 Pyeng Yang, “was one of slow gangrene of the hand, requiring 
 amputation above the wrist. The case was a pitiful one and came 
 to me the first week I was at Pyeng Yang. The 
 man had been begging through the town for 
 some weeks and was widely known. The cure 
 was complete. Following this case was one 
 blind for eight years from a cataract. The 
 successful operation was soon noised abroad. A 
 few such cases extended my reputation, so that 
 one thousand patients a month have been my 
 rate ever since.” 
 
 “The words, ‘treatment given,’ ” writes one 
 of India’s missionary doctors, “cannot show you 
 the tired mother who has carried her five-year- 
 old boy on her head from a village miles be- 
 yond the Jumna River. As she deposits on the 
 floor the basket in which she has carried him, 
 there is a look of triumph on her face, for now 
 she feels that he will soon be well. Happily 
 his disease was amenable to treatment and the 
 poor woman soon went home rejoicing, carry- 
 ing with her a copy of the Gospels and a book 
 of songs. Generally the people are most grateful 
 and it is a real pleasure to work among them. 
 
 The thank offerings have been almost as many 
 and varied as the diseases, extending all the way 
 from candy and eggs to pariah dogs.” 
 
 33 
 
 Elephantiasis, 
 
 Philippines 
 
It is the restoration of health, the ability to do his daily task, 
 “the feet and ankle bones receiving strength” that produce such a 
 profound impression. It is the argument irrefutable of a visible, 
 practical Christianity. 
 
 On the Bay of Bengal, coast of Malay Peninsula, a missionary 
 found a crocodile-bitten patient. All that could be done was to 
 make a pair of crutches, the first seen in that region. From lying 
 on his back, helpless for seven years, he is now an active, inde- 
 jiendent member of the community. At baptism his name was 
 changed from “Dog” to “Happy”. His mother was baptized with 
 him, the first woman to accept of Christ in Panga on the Bay of 
 Bengal. 
 
 The number in mission lands of helpless ones, the lame who 
 have been made to walk, the “dogs” who have become “happy” is 
 legion. 
 
 34 
 
CHAPTER III. 
 
 “The Lepers are Cleansed” 
 
 Leprosy is the open sore of the non-Christian world. Cases 
 of leprosy in Christian lands are rare; it is still the “scourge of 
 the East”. If the Divine Master should walk again the land con- 
 secrated by His presence, the cry of the leper would still ring in 
 His ears. In India, in China, in Korea, in the Philippines, in 
 Persia, in the lands untouched, or but partially touched by the Gos- 
 pel, leprosy is still a menace. 
 
 A physician of Southern Korea writes : “A missionary soon 
 
 realizes that India is not the only country which has its ‘open 
 sore’. On every side, and in all 
 stages, lepers are to be seen. 
 
 They occur principally among 
 the poorer classes, those who 
 live in most unsanitary condi- 
 tions, with dirt and insufficient 
 food.” 
 
 Lepers are numerous in China. 
 
 In Canton lepers have lived for 
 generations in small, low-roofed 
 fishing boats on the river, or in 
 the leper village outside the East 
 Gate. Everywhere they are a 
 menace to the health of the 
 community, largely through the 
 negligence of the officials and 
 the indifference of the people. 
 
 It is a little more than a 
 generation ago that a young mis- 
 sionary in India, overwhelmed 
 by the number of lepers whom 
 he saw, and the utter lack on 
 the part of either the Govern- 
 ment or the native peoples 
 to deal adequately with this terrible disease, — returned to 
 England to plead the cause of the leper. His appeal was 
 heeded ; out of it came “The Mission to Lepers in India and 
 the East,” whose beneficent work now extends as far as this curse 
 is found. It has in India alone, no less than fifty-nine institutions 
 for lepers. This Society, the Government and the missionary are 
 working together in a great effort to “cleanse the lepers.” The 
 missionary has led the way. Lepers with open sores on hands and 
 feet may be seen everywhere, throughout cities and villages in the 
 Orient. The women of a leper village will dry flour in bamboo 
 frames, turn over the meal with their diseased hands, shell peas 
 from nearby gardens, cultivate vegetables, and sell them indiscrimi- 
 nately, save where the missionary, or the Government, spurred on by 
 
 35 
 
 “No attention paid to it’’ — a Syrian leper 
 
tlie missionary, interferes. The native has no adequate method of 
 dealing with leprosy. The Chinese doctor says, “Leprosy is the 
 result of the stoppage of the air holes of the skin, and the putre- 
 faction of the blood.” Native remedies for leprosy are limited. 
 Sometimes, as in Siam, the leper is rubbed with a hen’s egg while 
 the spirit doctor calls on the germ of the disease to leave the 
 patient and enter the egg. The egg is broken and tbe yolk exam- 
 ined, and this operation continued until the germ is discovered. 
 
 Forty years ago the officials 
 of Canton erected an immense 
 mat shed in the open parade 
 grounds and invited the lepers 
 to come to a feast. In the midst 
 of the festivities, the shed, 
 soaked with kerosene oil, was ig- 
 nited. The soldiers bayoneted 
 those who escaped the flames. 
 This was in old China. But in 
 1911, a decade after the Boxer 
 outbreak, when China was be- 
 ginning to take her place among 
 the nations, an official of Kwang 
 Si province, by fair promises, 
 gathered a large number of 
 lepers in an open compound. When all the lepers were crowded in 
 one great compound, his soldiers were ordered to shoot. 
 
 Dead, dying, maimed, wounded, alike, were thrown into a 
 large pit, covered with oil and burned. A proclamation was issued 
 rebuking the Christian missionary for furnishing food and medi- 
 cine to these “outcasts who menace the life of the community”; 
 and extolling the work the Governor had done “for the preserva- 
 tion of the health of his fellow-countrymen.” Most native peoples 
 now recognize the des- 
 perate condition of the 
 leper. Children sent to 
 the missionary physician 
 are told by their parents, 
 if the diagnosis is lep- 
 rosy, to go and drown 
 themselves. 
 
 The barbarous 
 methods of native doc- 
 tors add not a little to 
 the work of the ph}'- 
 sician. A Korean had 
 a small abrasion on one 
 foot. It did not heal 
 rapidly, so the native 
 practitioners applied the 
 “sook,” a little cone of 
 
 sulphur and dried leaves, ^ , „ . , ^ „, , , 
 
 , , , Lepers just beyond Hospital Gate, Kachek, 
 
 placed on the sore and Hunan, china 
 
 36 
 
Lepers in Laos partly supported by Christians of Lakawn 
 
 set on fire. This was naturally followed by a scar. “Alas,” 
 cried the patient, “this is the beginning of ‘poong pyung’ (lep- 
 rosy)”. The native doctor was called and applied a much larger 
 “sook” and then continued one after another, until the foot was 
 deformed, raw, bleeding, a menace to the life. Then he was 
 brought to the hospital. Amputation followed, and he is now a 
 happy Korean evangelist. He never had leprosy, but the fear of it 
 led him to seek the native physician with the dire results indi- 
 cated. The scientific, systematic and sympathetic treatment of this 
 disease by the missionary has wrought wonders for the leper. 
 
 An asylum was opened for lepers at Miraj, India, a few years 
 ago. The latest results of medical science, coupled with the most 
 unselfish Christian service, is here, as in many similar institutions, 
 freely given. 
 
 At Allahabad, India, is a large compound, inside which live 
 250 men, women and children of the leper caste. Substantial build- 
 ings of brick, with concrete floors, have replaced the thatched huts 
 of former years. Everything that modern science and Christian 
 sympathy, aided by Government assistance could do, has been done 
 for these poor lepers. The missionary in charge, whose hobby is 
 gardening, has used his knowledge to good effect in teaching the 
 lepers how to cultivate the fruits of the earth. Each one is given 
 a plot of ground to cultivate, prizes are awarded, and the health 
 of all greatly improved because of the labor of the husbandman. A 
 visitor who wished to photograph a group of inmates was startled 
 by an exclamation of an old man. The pathos of it all came home 
 to him when the interpreter said, “He says he would like to sfand 
 and oblige the young sahib, but his feet are gone.” Science and 
 sympathy here are doing their best to “cleanse the leper.” A 
 church, a school, a hospital, separate dormitories for women and 
 children, and for untainted children of lepers, attest the thorough 
 character of the work at Allahabad. 
 
 37 
 
One of the striking recent additions to the Asylum is the new 
 home for the untainted boys of leper parents. There are a num- 
 ber of little children from two to three years of age living with 
 
 their leper parents. An observa- 
 tion ward has been built for 
 these little tots where they will 
 be separated from their parents 
 and under close medical super- 
 vision for si-x months before be- 
 ing sent over to the Home for 
 untainted children. Experience 
 has taught those in charge that 
 in many cases the children can 
 be saved. 
 
 A Hindu student of the Col- 
 lege at Allahabad, said to one of 
 his instructors, “I have just come in from a walk across the river 
 and have heard those lepers sing, for whom we Hindus have done 
 nothing. 1 am not ready to become a Christian, but I do love 
 Christ. I have seen what faith in God means to his followers.” 
 While this institution is larger than many of the others, and while 
 the work carried on here is more e.xtensive because of large Gov- 
 ernment aid, yet the institution at Allahabad is typical of what 
 the missionary of the Presbyterian Board is doing for the leper in 
 many places in India and in all mission lands. 
 
 There is no asylum for lepers in Persia, but there is an iso- 
 lated colony of lepers a day’s journey from Tabriz where food, 
 medicine and clothing are provided by tbe missionary. Islam has 
 no place for the leper. 
 
 Nowhere has the work of the missionary more clearly allied 
 itself with the work of the Divine Master in “cleansing the leper” 
 than in Siam. In spite of the fact that the rulers of Siam for more 
 
 Children of the Home for Untainted Lepers 
 
 Korean leper boys 
 38 
 
than a generation have been enlightened men who introduced many- 
 needed reforms, practically nothing was done for the relief of 
 the large number of lepers in the Kingdom, till the Presbyterian 
 medical missionary undertook the task. On June 20th, 1913, within 
 sight of the historic banyan tree, under which, in April, 1867, the 
 pioneer missionary to Laos spent his first Sunday, there was organ- 
 ized a Christian church composed entirely of lepers who reside in 
 an asylum situated on a nearby island in the Chieng Mai River. 
 At the same time another church was organized on the main land. 
 The members of two churches met together in a large temporary 
 booth on the leper island, and here the clean and the unclean, now 
 all clean in God’s sight, sat down under the same booth to receive 
 the Holy Sacrament. It was the climax of long years of labor. 
 The medical missionary years before asked that he might open an 
 asylum for lepers on the Island but he was refused. The island 
 at that time was the home of one of the sacred elephants belonging 
 to the royal family. After the death of the elephant, the request 
 was granted and the asylum opened. The Island Asylum contains 
 six brick cottages, sheltering 105 lepers, — happy, contented, hopeful 
 cheerful, many of them relieved from much suffering and pain, some 
 of them being partially cured of their disease, and all feeling the 
 touch of the Christ hand through His servant. The story of the 
 Chieng Mai Asylum is a Gospel story, “John heard none more won- 
 derful from the lips of the two disciples he sent to the Master.” 
 It is said that leprosy begets self- 
 consciousness and discontent. It is true, 
 but the Christian spirit drives this even 
 from the leper. In this asylum is a 
 leper woman, a former slave, who was 
 found ministering to the more needy 
 women and praying for them in their 
 extremity. The head teacher, himself 
 a leper, takes special interest in visiting 
 and caring for the more helpless men. 
 
 One afternoon, in the year 1913, the 
 missionary physician sat down at a tea- 
 table and, taking out of his pockets a 
 little pile of money, said: “This is the 
 
 most precious money I have ever 
 handled.” The 18 rupees were contrib- 
 uted by the lepers of the Chieng Mai 
 Leper Asylum out of their small weekly 
 allowance and at their own request were 
 used to pay an evangelist working in the 
 country villages. The leper has often 
 a bitter experience ere he reaches the asy- 
 lum. A Kamoo, driven by starvation 
 and want, found his way to the island. 
 
 With a chisel and a knife he had ampu- 
 tated three of his toes, since they were 
 so badly diseased that they hindered loco- 
 motion and caused intense suffering. 
 
 An African leper 
 
 39 
 
One old woman, reduced almost to a living skeleton, deformed, dis- 
 figured, every digit on both hands gone, was found weeping bit- 
 terly. On inquiry it was learned that her tears were not for her- 
 self but for her children, whom she had been compelled to leave. 
 This old saint said to the missionary, “How cheering it is to see 
 you come.” 
 
 No remedy has yet been found for this fatal disease. But 
 no leper has been found so unclean in moral life that the Gospel 
 could not cleanse. The story is all told in the life of Um Ho. Um 
 Ho (“exchanged for the good”) was the name of a blind singing 
 girl wbo, because of a diseased limb, was brought by her mistress 
 to the Canton Hospital in the year 1893. Amputation was neces- 
 sary. Her mistress refused to permit the operation. The limb not 
 healing, the mistress released all claim upon her and amputation 
 was performed. In 1897 it was discovered that she was a leper. 
 Formerly a singing girl, now blind, one limb gone, and a leper. Of 
 what use could she be in dark China. She found Christ while in 
 the hospital and, encouraged by the example of leper workers in 
 India, began to work in a leper village near Canton. She led 
 many to Christ, organized a church, was enabled to erect a beau- 
 tiful chapel, and died a triumphant death. The missionary fol- 
 lows closely “in His steps” when he seeks “to cleanse the leper.” 
 
 40 
 
CHAPTER IV. 
 
 “The Deaf Hear, the Dead are Raised Up” 
 
 The missionary in non-Christian lands is a miracle worker. “A 
 Modern Miracle” is the title of the Report of 1902-03 of the School 
 for the Deaf, Chefoo, China. It is well named. This school has 
 wrought a “modern miracle.” It is stated on good authority that 
 there are four hundred thousand deaf persons among China’s mil- 
 lions, for whom there is no place in the economy of the country. 
 To reach a few of these “shut-out children” of China the school 
 for the deaf at Chefoo came into existence. It was born in the 
 thought of a missionary, and the first pupil received in 1887 was 
 supported by the “Silent Workers,” a band of deaf children in a 
 school for the deaf, Rochester, 
 
 N. Y. Patience, skill, the use of 
 the latest and best methods, 
 charts, blackboard, lip-reading, 
 writing, even in one case a blind, 
 deaf girl taught by the finger 
 touch, — all these, combined with 
 a Christian spirit, have wrought 
 one of the modern miracles in 
 the Republic of China. The 
 grounds and buildings, beautiful 
 and spacious, give no idea of the 
 extent and far-reaching influ- 
 ence of this deed done in the 
 name of the Master. At Pao- 
 tingfu, Hangchow, Pyeng Yang, 
 
 Korea, and other places in the 
 Orient, similar institutions have 
 sprung up, taught by pupils trained in the Chefoo School. Nor is 
 this strange. A single example will suffice. A Chinese father, 
 hearing of the school, brought his little deaf lad. The missionary 
 in charge, after examination, asked that the boy be left with her. 
 The father refused, saying the mother would not permit. The boy 
 was taken into the schoolroom. One of the pupils, a boy of his own 
 size, went to the blackboard, explained the phonetic diagrams, and 
 spoke the words he knew. The strange boy watched him. The 
 teacher put her hand on his throat trying to teach the pupil to articu- 
 late. She repeated the word for father. “Immediately, without 
 hesitation,” writes the teacher, in a sweet, clear voice, he imitated 
 me. I wrote father on the blackboard. His face lighted as he 
 pointed to the character, then to his father. I had to speak the 
 word again. He understood. He said “father.” Tears filled the 
 father’s eyes. He had heard his deaf and dumb child speak his 
 first word and that word was “father.” Wiping his eyes he said, 
 “I will leave him.” 
 
 At the close of an exhibition at Soochow, where the pupils of 
 
 41 
 
 Rescued waifs 
 
the school demonstrated their ability to speak and write with great 
 fluency, a stranger walked up to the blackboard and wrote: ‘‘I 
 
 think the religion of Jesus Christ is the best.” Others said, “Only 
 the Jesus people do such work as this.” 
 
 The American missionary in China, longest in service, states; 
 “No pagan nation ever originated a systematic method for 
 relieving the deaf, blind, or insane. What Christians have done for 
 all these classes appears to the Chinese as little short of miraculous.” 
 
 The John G. Kerr Refuge for the Insane, born in tbe heart 
 of him whose name it bears, in the year 1872, still remains the 
 only asylum for the exclusive treatment of nervous and mental 
 diseases in the Republic. The treatment of the insane with hygienic 
 and cleanly methods, by regular feeding and bathing and without 
 restraint is a standing marvel to the Oriental. His methods are 
 cruelty, filth, chains, improper feeding and neglect. All classes are 
 represented, from the official to the beggar in the street, IManchurian 
 soldiers, students, business men, criminals and even imbeciles, since 
 China makes no provision for these and the kind-hearted mission- 
 ary cannot turn them away, 
 have received the most advanced 
 scientific treatment coupled with 
 Christlike sympathy and tender 
 care, which only those can give 
 who have been with Jesus and 
 have learned of Him. 
 
 In many other ways the 
 missionary has wrought won- 
 ders for the relief of the suf- 
 fering ones in non-Christian 
 lands. The missionary, like his 
 Divine Master, has brought life 
 out of what seems to be death. 
 “The pestilence that walketh in 
 darkness and the destruction 
 that wasteth at noon-day” has 
 been stayed by the Christian 
 “Cheerful under difficulties” missionary. Famine is all but 
 
 vanished from Christian lands. 
 A carefully compiled list of famines occurring in the Chi- 
 nese Empire from 1500 A. D. to 1907 shows that there were 55 
 severe famines within that period. The missionary has always 
 fought famine. In the severe famine which swept over Central 
 China, October, 1911-June, 1912, the missionary was the leader, 
 as he has been for three generations, in providing famine relief, 
 and in aiding in carrying out measures to prevent famine in the 
 future. The Report of the Central China Famine Relief Commit- 
 tee, prepared by one of the missionaries of the Presbyterian 
 Board, is like the alabaster box of ointment whose fragrance fills 
 the world. The Chinese have a proverb; “The door of benevo- 
 lence is hard to open.” The Christ hand, through the missionary, 
 has opened the door. 
 
 42 
 
In Central India forty per cent, of the population were swept 
 away in a great famine a few years ago. “It was harrowing to see 
 so many die off,” said the medical missionary, who had given up 
 his vacation to relieve the suft'erings of these starving people, “even 
 after reaching relief because they were too far gone to rally their 
 strength to digest even the simplest food. I had charge of the 
 orphanage in which were gathered eighty boys and girls. It was 
 heart-breaking to see the little tots grabbing the food we doled out 
 to them, yet unable to digest it because their internal organs had 
 become to shriveled and weakened by starvation. One felt that 
 the relief work represented the spirit of Christianity, and so it 
 does.” 
 
 These centres of famine relief were afterwards occupied as 
 permanent centres of mission work. The missionary had become 
 a miracle worker and brought the dead to life. 
 
 Nowhere is his work more in evidence than in dealing with 
 plague and cholera. ThS ignorance, even of the officials, regard- 
 
 Apparatus and staff for fighting cholera, Changtch 
 
 ing these dread diseases is colossal. During the plague of 1911 
 in the Province of Shantung, China, there was posted in one of the 
 chief cities a proclamation which read as follows : 
 
 “On July 1st, gather spinach, dry in the sun, lay it away until 
 New Year’s morning, then boil till done and pickle in brine and 
 vinegar for one year. Partaking of this will prevent the current 
 malady.” 
 
 In other words, take nineteen months to prepare a remedy for 
 a disease that is fatal in forty-eight hours, and at the time of the 
 proclamation was raging furiously in the entire district. 
 
 When the cholera was at its worst at Hwai Yuen and neigh- 
 boring towns and people were dying by thousands, news spread 
 that the hospital was saving people, often from death. This was 
 literally true. The physicians believed that the disease was carried 
 largely by flies. Watermelons especially were blamed, as dealers 
 cut them open and exposed them for sale along the street. An 
 
 43 
 
urgent message came from Ingchowfu through Father Perrin, a 
 Catholic missionary, asking for medicine as the people were dying 
 by the hundreds. “We sent up several bottles of medicine with 
 directions for its use, and the suggestion that he get the prefect 
 to stop the sale of watermelons. The prefect refused, saying it 
 was depriving the melon dealers of their living to do so, but he 
 compromised by having the God of Pestilence escorted with a big 
 procession down to the river where he was sent away in a boat 
 with all honors.” 
 
 In Hunan, where cholera claimed thousands, the missionary 
 sent out sandwich men who went about the streets carrying boards 
 inscribed in Chinese: “If you would escape cholera do not on any 
 
 account drink ‘raw water.’ If you eat fruit and other raw food, 
 you may bring calamity on yourselves. Should any contract the 
 disease carry them quickly to the Gospel Hall Hospital.” 
 
 The percentage of cures in the Hospital was very large. 
 Equally effective results were obtained by the missionaries in Persia. 
 In the year 1905 Persia was visited by an epidemic of cholera. 
 The Presbyterian medical missionaries did yeoman service in re- 
 sisting the ravages. Their work was appreciated, as the following 
 extract from the “Tarbiyat,” a Persian paper, published at Teheran, 
 clearly shows. 
 
 “There is no doubt that the American Hospital in the 
 illustrious city of sovereignty (Teheran) renders a true 
 and considerable service to the inhabitants of this cap- 
 ital, to the poor of this town, of whatever religion they 
 may be. And the existence of this house for the sick is 
 not without grace and profit for the wealthy. 
 
 “In passing by the fact that the missionary phy- 
 sician is of excellent learning and experience in the heal- 
 ing art, we have recognized him as a man of benevolent 
 disposition and one of the company of the courteous. 
 Though we have no (personal) dealings with him, we 
 know his existence to be profitable in every place what- 
 ever. 
 
 “It is conceded that this year, when the cholera ap- 
 peared, the American hospital in Teheran, by excellent 
 care and attention, delivered many of the hopelessly sick 
 from the clutches of this deadly disease; and it is neces- 
 sary on the part of the public to make an acknowledg- 
 ment of their gratitude to that benevolent institution.” 
 
 Similar testimonies could be furnished from many lands of 
 the work of the medical missionaries. 
 
 When the dread bubonic plague appeared in North China in the 
 year 1911, the medical missionary, co-operating with the Govern- 
 ment officials, gave his time and strength to fight this dread dis- 
 ease. Everywhere servants and native Christians were instructed 
 how to avoid contagion. As far as known no Christian family 
 suffered loss. Their willingness to obey instructions was blessed 
 to them, while the disregard of non-Christians made efforts towards 
 better sanitation and isolation almost impossible. A sawyer said, 
 
 44 
 
“So the foreign doctors are not going to allow us to go out of 
 our homes, we will see.” He went, he was dead in a few days. 
 
 The doctors prepared a set of rules printed in English and 
 ■ Chinese which were widely distributed. Cities like Chefoo were 
 cleaned hygienically. One firm alone sold over 40,000 pounds of 
 lime. Houses where patients died were burned or so thoroughly 
 fumigated that all trace of infection disappeared. The rare com- 
 bination of scientific skill with Christian faith and courage, unsur- 
 passed in the annals of the race, is evidenced in the following 
 model statement by one of the medical missionaries who did 
 herculean service in fighting the plague. 
 
 “You may be talking with a man in the morning, who 
 may think he is perfectly well, and he be spitting blood 
 in the evening and be dead the next day. So I think the 
 only way to be safe while in a plague district where 
 people are dying is to wear a good mask all the time with 
 
 Injecting saline infusion for Plague 
 
 carbolic gauze over it. I carry an atomizer and keep it 
 
 freshened with carbolic quite frequently also 
 
 “Thrown right into contact with such a deadly thing 
 as this, makes one keep close to God, and it has caused 
 me, besides observing every one of His laws I knew of 
 disinfection, also to commit to memory the 91st Psalm, 
 which I have said over and over to myself many times 
 every day, and it gives confidence where I think fear would 
 have come without it.” 
 
 The Chinese officials saw clearly that the doctrine of Jesus 
 Christ taught men to be merciful, while the conduct of the Chris- 
 tians, both foreign and native, left a permanent impression re- 
 garding the character of the religion which they professed. 
 
 A whole province in the Philippines was saved a few years 
 
 45 
 
ago from small-pox by the skill and sympathy of one medical 
 missionary. 
 
 The medical missionary has been the Board of Health, the 
 Sanitary Inspector, the “family physician” for the ruler in the 
 palace, the official in the office and the laborer in the hut. 
 
 No one disease in non-Christian lands is more widely prev- 
 alent or perhaps less understood than malaria. In India alone the 
 average annual death rate from this disease is 1,300,000, or more 
 than the plague, cholera and ravages of war combined. “The baby 
 died during the summer,” was the answer of a good woman to a 
 question regarding the health of her family, “and the other chil- 
 dren are all well except for malaria, and everyone has it.” 
 
 Sir Rupert Boyce, a noted British authority on tropical dis- 
 eases, says of malaria, “It strikes down not only the indigenous 
 barbaric population, but with still greater certainty the pioneers of 
 civilization, the planter, the trader, the missionary and the soldier. 
 
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 Poster issued by medical missionaries: Gives short description of Plague, its method 
 
 of propagation, with simple directions for disinfection, isolation, the 
 destruction of rats, etc. 
 
 It is therefore the principal and gigantic ally of barbarism. No 
 wild deserts, no savage races, no geographical difficulties have 
 proved so inimical to civilization as this disease.” 
 
 In many lands, as in Siam and Laos, it is attributed directly to 
 the work of demons. A good illustration of the power of this 
 disease was seen in the malignant malaria epidemic which swept 
 over Laos, North Siam, in the year 1912-13. Whole villages were 
 wiped out. The disease was so virulent patients died within a few 
 hours. 
 
 “The disease takes many forms besides fever and ague,” writes 
 one from Chieng Mai. “such as convulsions, insanity and comatose 
 condition, often resulting in death within a few hours. Three little 
 
 46 
 
girls died suddenly on the same day within gunshot of our home. 
 One man lost his wife and five children. But for Christian medi- 
 cine many villages would have been entirely wiped out.” 
 
 The tenacity with which the Oriental clings to old customs 
 is evidenced that, in spite of the unnumbered instances of the 
 cure of malaria by quinine, people whose door-yards touch the 
 missionary homes, would use the old line of treatment, spirit 
 charms and the like, until nearly fatal results drove them to the 
 miracle worker. So effective was the treatment given, not merely 
 by the medical missionary but by those he had instructed, that 
 within the year more than three thousand turned from demon 
 worship and the fear of evil spirits and confessed Christ. 
 
 The White Plague is not confined to Christian lands. Its 
 deadly pall hangs heavily over non-Christian lands. Tuberculosis 
 is exceedingly common throughout China. “At least fifty per 
 
 Tuberculosis Sanitorium, Syria 
 
 cent, of all dispensary patients in South China are affected with 
 some form of the disease.” A letter from India speaks of it as 
 the “Captain of the Men of Death.” Men who go from their 
 farms and the free life in the open air to Bombay or other large 
 cities to work in mills and offices, living in a dusty, smoky at- 
 mosphere, in crowded quarters, indulging in drunkenness and de- 
 bauchery, become an easy prey to this disease. 
 
 A physician in Korea writes: “Tuberculosis is also our next- 
 door neighbor. We meet him everywhere.” The physicians of 
 China are at present instituting an anti-tuberculosis crusade. The 
 missionary has been foremost in carrying on this campaign in 
 China and in other non-Christian lands. The most signal illustra- 
 tion is the Mt. Lebanon Sanitarium for Consumptives. It is the 
 
only institution of its kind in all the Turkish Empire. It has two 
 homes, one on the mountains of Lebanon, over 3,000 feet above 
 the level of the sea, where patients can stay from May to Novem- 
 ber; the other at Juneih Bay, where suitable buildings are erected 
 to care for patients during the winter months. Russians, Rou- 
 manians, Egyptians, Persians, Armenians, have been treated in this 
 beneficent home. 
 
 A woman who contracted the disease in America returned to 
 her old home. Her neighbors complained to the local authorities 
 and soldiers carried her off to a pine forest outside the city. Her 
 father slept near but soon deserted her. She suffered from hunger 
 and thirst, wet with showers, dried by the sun. She was turned 
 out a hopeless case. She wandered to a dry bed of the river and 
 slept under the arches of the bridge for five days. After this a 
 relative put up a tiny hut without roof, but the neighbors two hun- 
 dred yards away threatened to pour oil on the structure and burn 
 herself and the hut. After a month of this terrible life she was 
 found by a medical student and sent to the Sanitarium. She 
 was placed in one of the open-air tent houses on a soft bed laid on 
 a wire mattress. She had the best of care and food. The Bible 
 lessons of long ago were brought to her mind. She may never be 
 cured of her bodily diseases, but she has found a new life. This is 
 the story of the missionary; it is the story told to John. 
 
 The missionary in the numerous hospitals and dispensaries, 
 by tract, by word and by example, in every way, is waging war on 
 this enemy of the human race. 
 
 “We are sure,” writes the physician in charge of the Hodge 
 Memorial Hospital at Paotingfu, “that the out-door sleeping porches 
 have saved the life of the Chinese head teacher in the Girls’ School, 
 from a complete nervous breakdown. Also the life of a young 
 girl who had tuberculosis of the lungs. She has become rosy and 
 plump and able to walk four miles in an afternoon and has no 
 cough after two months of sleeping out of doors.” 
 
 Public opinion is being aroused. Governments are recogniz- 
 ing the value of the missionary as a healer of the body, as a bene- 
 factor of the state. Here, as elsewhere, in relieving the many ills 
 which flesh is heir to the missionary has been the pioneer. The 
 people are quick to note the difference between the Gospel of the 
 Christ and the Gospel of self. A Parsee woman requested that 
 one of the nurses be permitted to go with her to her home in the 
 hills. She was told that a better and more efficient nurse could be 
 obtained in Bombay. She replied, “That is true, but I want a 
 Christian.” 
 
 The missionary has wrought wonders by bis skill, but greater 
 wonders by the power of the spirit of Christ dwelling in him. He 
 has even dared to grapple with the man dominated by that most 
 potent destroyer of human happiness, the opium fiend. “The care 
 of a large contingent of opium patients has been an anxious con- 
 sideration,” is tbe re])ort of one physician of long standing in the 
 province of Shantung. “Physicians in Western lands who have 
 had experience with patients confirmed in the use of morphine, are 
 
prepared to appreciate some of the difficulties in dealing with a 
 class of invalids having all the vices of the drug habitues en- 
 grafted upon the inherent moral oblicjuity of the heathen 
 
 I have settled upon a line of treatment based upon medication, 
 supplemented by moral and mental suggestion by means of God’s 
 word. It is God that worketh in us both to will and to do, and 
 here, where will has long been shackled and power of initiation 
 practically withdrawn, the remedies of the physician can be only 
 accessories to the enabling grace of God.” 
 
 The medical missionary has wrought social revolutions little 
 short of the miraculous. Vaccination was practically unknown in 
 most non-Christian lands till introduced by the medical missionary. 
 The King of Siam once called into consultation a Presbyterian 
 medical missionary. The subject under discussion was the large 
 death rate in the Kingdom. The missionary showed him this was 
 
 After vaccination 
 
 due to a number of young children dying of small-pox and sug- 
 gested vaccination. The King at once adopted the suggestion. 
 
 After several years of using the vaccine from other countries, 
 the Government established a vaccine farm of its own where serum 
 is made and sold to those who wish to use it. The medical mis- 
 sionaries do a great deal of vaccinating and especially in the North 
 of Siam a large force of trained men are kept busy vaccinating and 
 preaching, for the two go hand in hand. 
 
 Where small-pox used to claim whole villages as victims of 
 the dread disease, now there is often not a case. Formerly it was 
 often impossible to persuade a person to be vaccinated, but now 
 most of them are willing to pay for being vaccinated. 
 
 In former days in Korea, the father did not count his chil- 
 dren until they had had small-pox, so prevalent was this disease. 
 The Japanese Government is dealing with it officially, but for many 
 years in many lands it was fought by the missionary alone. 
 
 The dread sleeping sickness has spread with wonderful rapidity 
 in East Central Africa. A number of cases in the last few 
 
 49 
 
years have been found in connection with the work of the Ameri- 
 can Presbyterian missionary in German Kamerun, West Africa. “1 
 have seen,” writes one of the medical missionaries of the Board, 
 “hundreds of natives wdth sleeping sickness at 
 the hospital established for them by the 
 German Government, and they were being 
 given the best treatment that could be given 
 there, but there is no treatment known that is 
 very satisfactory. I saw a case or two being 
 treated at the London School of Tropical 
 [Medicine with fair success. To our sorrow, 
 it has lately been discovered that there is 
 more than one kind of fly that can carry the 
 disease. It is coming into our Mission terri- 
 tory from the branches of the Congo.” 
 
 In Africa poison is often used in witch- 
 craft. One of the missionaries, in investi- 
 gating the poisons used in the ordeals con- 
 nected with witchcraft, was specially inter- 
 ested in the poison put on the arrows which were used for the killing 
 of large game. In taking a river trip in 1874, one day, while float- 
 ing along the stream and looking at the verdure on either side, 
 one of the crew said, in speaking of a certain vine, “That is the 
 vine that bears the fruit from which is made the poison for our 
 arrows.” It was the strophanfhns. This was reported by the mis- 
 sionary to a brother doctor in the Lhiited States and later became 
 an article of export to Europe. 
 
 In innumerable ways the missionary has thus contributed to 
 the welfare of humanity. It was Yuan Shih Kai who, in January, 
 1913, in the City of Peking, in re- 
 sponding to an address pre- 
 sented by the representatives of 
 the Triennial Conference of the 
 China IMedical Association, said: 
 
 “It gives me great 
 pleasure to receive so many 
 members of the China Med- 
 ical Missionary Conference 
 who have gathered in the 
 capital from the provinces. 
 
 We are very grateful for 
 your charitable services, es- 
 pecially for your work in 
 the interior, where the im- 
 portance of sanitary prin- 
 ciples is comparatively un- 
 known. For the country to 
 he strong and prosperous it 
 is essential for its citizens 
 to be healthy. It is due to 
 you that sanitary principles „ , . , i ■ .i, 
 
 ^ ^ , Returning home after a few weeks in the 
 
 are now spreading through- charity ward 
 
 50 
 
out the land, and it is also due to you that poor and desti- 
 tute women and children have been succored and have re- 
 ceived the elements of an enlightened education. Many of 
 you assisted during the plague, materially aiding in restrict- 
 ing the ravages of the disease which alarmed the whole 
 world, while during the Revolution many of you faced 
 danger and difficulties in order to relieve sufferers. I am 
 glad of this opportunity to tender my personal thanks, 
 and I hope that you will continue in the future as in the 
 past, thus adding to the glory of your reputation and 
 strengthening the bond of friendship between your coun- 
 tries and ours, which I earnestly hope will be strength- 
 ened every year.” 
 
 Ex-President Taft said the missionary had formed communi- 
 ties which had been the nuclei of a new civilization. 
 
 The physician in non-Christian lands has illustrated the truth 
 of the text : “Godliness is profitable unto all things, having prom- 
 ise of the life that now is and of that which is to come.” 
 
 51 
 
CHAPTER V. 
 
 “The Poor Have the Gospel Preacpied to Them” 
 
 The medical missionary is an evangelist : he preaches. The 
 labels on the bottles of medicine contain verses of Scripture. The 
 prescription card has a Scripture verse. The words spoken in hos- 
 pital and dispensary are direct messages from the preacher to the 
 hearer. The hospital draws audiences that no preacher can hope 
 to gain. In a single hospital and dispensary in Korea, in one year, 
 more than 17,000 persons heard the Gospel preached. The phy- 
 sician drew the crowd, the native evangelist spoke the word. But 
 it is in the indirect preaching that the beloved physician does his 
 most effective work. Plis acts speak louder than words. His life 
 is a sermon. He is a living epistle known and read of all men. He 
 needs no interpreter. It is a proverbial saying that the medical 
 missionary opens doors. He does more, he opens hearts. “Come 
 
 The Dispensary Sunday School, Bohol, P. I. 
 
 unto me all you who feel trouble.” so runs tbe Rulu New Testa- 
 ment, “and tell the loads, and I will give you rest.” Many a weary 
 toiler panting beneath a heavy physical or moral load, has had 
 the burden removed by the skillful act and kindly word of him 
 who follows in the path of the Great Physician. 
 
 Out of the hospital the physician cuts a wide swath. His 
 itinerating trips are evangelistic. 
 
 “While itinerating,” writes one who had spent long 
 years of service under Syrian skies, “we strive most earn- 
 estly by our example to impress upon the people wherever 
 we go to serve one another in love, to merge self-interest 
 into love of others, pride of race or tribe into a desire 
 to each esteem other better than himself. Barriers of 
 section, race and religion are high, ancient blood fueds and 
 the memory of recent wrongs are hard to eft'ace ; but we 
 
 52 
 
live among tht people and for them, never asking to what 
 religion or tribe they belong. . . . One place we camped 
 in had not been visited by a foreign missionary for seven 
 months. During this time the preacher had lost a child, 
 had seen his scholars removed en masse from his school 
 by threats, a bonfire of Bibles had been lighted, and two 
 bans of excommunication pronounced against anyone who 
 spoke to him. Do you wonder that such workers welcome 
 the opportunity to preach to increasing audiences, to help 
 us in special services, to meet patients from villages not 
 yet visited by them which will ensure them a welcome 
 there in the future? 
 
 “When riding through another large town with the 
 preacher who had gone out to meet us, a generous share 
 of a shower of pebbles intended for him fell upon me, but 
 once our errand of mercy was understood, hatred and op- 
 position completely vanished. Before, no meat nor even 
 a jar of water could be obtained; now all vied in offer- 
 ing their services. Previously, the doorway was shunned, 
 now, a sturdy guard could scarce keep order among those 
 crowding into the yard. At another place when our com- 
 ing was announced, the school rose from six to sixty, be- 
 cause the teacher, on his own responsibility, announced 
 that we would not treat any member of the family of a 
 boy who had been removed.” 
 
 His vocation demands evangelization. 
 
 “I have had more than the usual number of chances for 
 personal work with individuals,” writes a physician engaged in 
 work among Moslems in Persia. 
 
 “My assistant, too, has been very faithful in such 
 work. There seems to be a number of sincere inquirers. 
 
 One family has specially interested us. A little boy came 
 to the hospital in September for a small operation. Pie 
 proved to be a ‘bleeder,’ and in spite of all our efforts 
 continued to bleed for many days so that his stay in the 
 hospital was much prolonged. His father and mother 
 were with him most of the time. I suggested to the two 
 school boys who were helping me this winter that they 
 read to him. My assistant also talked and read with the 
 parents. They developed a genuine interest. The mother 
 and little boy have been coming to Sunday-school ever 
 since, while the father and an older brother attend the men’s 
 Bible class. Another is an Ali Allahi (a sect which con- 
 siders Ali, the son-in-law of Mohammed, divine) whom I 
 first met in Lahijan. He used to come occasionally but 
 did not seem much interested until one day, when I ivas 
 busy, my assistant undertook to entertain him. Evidently 
 my assistant was better able to reach his understanding, 
 for since then he has been a frequent caller and (unable 
 to read himself) has listened eagerly to the reading of the 
 Word.” 
 
 53 
 
Head nurse and pupil nurses, An Ding Hosjntal, China 
 
 ‘‘A fellow feeling makes us wondrous kind.” The fact that 
 suffering can be relieved, develops brotherly love and kindness among 
 Christians in non-Christian lands. One morning a poor Chris- 
 tian, living near one of the hospitals in Korea, carried into the con- 
 sulting-room a feeble, gray-haired old man. The Christian said, 
 “Doctor, this is a poor Christian brother who is ill. I have bought 
 Korean medicines for him and done everything we know how, but 
 cannot help him.” The old man, was gasping with pneumonia, 
 complicated with a bad heart. Under skillful treatment he recov- 
 ered. Weeks later, meeting the physician in church after service, 
 he grasped his hand and said, “Thank God for the doctor and my 
 Christian brothers.” The Gospel had been preached by native 
 Christian and medical missionary without text or sermon. 
 
 The triumphs of the Gospel are seen in the hospital as pos- 
 sibly nowhere else. A brutal husband will beat bis wife merci- 
 lessly, and then kind friends will bring her to the hospital where, 
 after a quick recovery, she returns filled with the spirit of the 
 Gospel and wins the man who so cruelly beat her. 
 
 In the district bordering on the Hwai Yuen station in China, 
 are groups of believers. Most of these were brought into contact 
 with the Gospel in the wards of the hospital. The kindly recep- 
 tion which the evangelist and the foreigner receives traveling in 
 
 54 
 
the district is due, in large measure, to the friendly feeling created 
 in the hospital. Everywhere throughout the region where dwell 
 those who have been treated by the medical missionary, kindness is 
 showur to the preacher and teacher of the Gospel. The unspoken 
 word, the acts of love so freely given, break through the crust of 
 indifference and unbelief and sin. A well-to-do merchant, known 
 throughout the city of Taiku, who had been an infidel for years, 
 was brought to the hospital in a very precarious condition. His 
 friends were unwilling that an operation should be performed, 
 saying, “He is too weak for the instrument work.” After a time 
 consent was given, the operation performed. He went home 
 cured. During his weeks of convalescence he heard the Gospel, 
 but it seemed to make no impression. The day he went home, earn- 
 est prayer was made with him privately. Later, he said, “How is 
 it possible for a man to resist longer when he is prayed for spe- 
 cially like that.” 
 
 The far-reaching effect of this type of preaching cannot be 
 estimated. A tiny slave girl whose mistress punished her by thrust- 
 ing hot needles into her feet and ankles, was sent to the Tooker 
 Memorial Hospital at Foochow. She was an outcast, — a cast off 
 bit of humanity. Her cure, body and soul, was complete. From 
 a miserable, suffering child, love had changed her into the happy, 
 loving pet of the home. The text and the sermon w'as one those 
 \vho saw and heard could never forget. 
 
 Even where the disease is beyond the skill of the practitioner, 
 the Christ love does its work. A patient with an incurable cancer 
 stayed for a time at the hospital in Peking and listened eagerly to 
 the old, old story. “I know this is a Gospel of patience and love,” 
 she cried after a time, “so I shall exhort my daughter-in-law not 
 to fight, and I myself will give up my habit of going out on the 
 street and reviling my relatives whenever they have done any- 
 thing I do not like.” 
 
 Is it strange that, in the report of a year’s work in this hos- 
 pital, there is the statement ; “These are some of the bright bits 
 of the mosaic of life that we see in our wards from day to day.” 
 
 Among primitive nations, as in Africa, the people are visited 
 and treated in their towns and in their homes, where, before the 
 coming of the medical missionary, disease, physical and moral, 
 bound them with fetters that could not be broken. The medical 
 missionary, with the aid of a motorcycle, travels from village to 
 village, and at the sound of the cycle approaching the village, the 
 people will gather from near and far and listen to his words be- 
 cause he is able to heal them of their sickness and relieve them 
 of their disease. 
 
 Among half primitive peoples, as in Laos, the Gospel of 
 healing finds a ready entrance into the heart and home of the people. 
 Two brothers lay side by side in a Laos home, stricken with fever. 
 For many weeks native doctors of all kinds had tried their rem- 
 edies, but to no purpose. The last one called, said to the younger 
 brother, “I can do nothing for you ; unless something very precious 
 should fall from heaven there is no hope.” Something precious 
 did fall. The Christian elder, trained by the physician, was called 
 
 55 
 
in, quinine administered, fever broken, and in a few weeks both 
 were well. The people thus lose their faith in the spirits and 
 the native spirit doctors, and turn to the Great Physician. 
 
 One of the first cases in the Hospital in Taiku, Korea, was that 
 of a young man very ill, the members of whose family were sure 
 that he would die. His cousin, who 
 came for the physician, said, “We 
 have all heard the Gospel, hut have 
 not believed it. If you will cure him 
 now we will all do so honestly.” The 
 patient improved rapidly and after 
 a month was able to limp to the 
 church near by. He is an alert, in- 
 telligent man, and soon developed 
 into an earnest Bible student. His 
 Christianity at first, like that of many 
 sick Koreans, was a matter of sharp 
 bargaining, pure and simple. Their 
 reasoning is logical, — “We followed 
 the Buddhist doctrine, and prayed at 
 the temples, hut did not recover. We Before operation, Philippines 
 
 worship the spirits, hut are no better, 
 
 now we will do the Jesus doctrine if that will make us well. iMany 
 of them, whenever they recover, are so grateful that they turn a 
 listening ear to the teaching and accept it from the heart. The 
 medical missionary under God is the means whereby the Gospel 
 finds a way even into such selfish hearts. 
 
 On the other hand, cases not a few indicate that where suf- 
 ferers know their bodily ailments cannot he cured, they seek a 
 physician who can cure the soul. 
 
 A wealthy Bulu headman in Kamerun, West Africa, who had 
 been exceedingly wicked, was made to understand that his days 
 on earth were probably limited. Looking earnestly into the eyes of 
 the physician, he said, “Do you know why I came to the hos- 
 pital at Elat? It was not because I thought I would get well, hut 
 
 because I knew you would show me the 
 ])ath.” He zvas shown the path “which 
 shineth more and more unto the perfect 
 day.” 
 
 An intelligent Buddhist priest was 
 more than a month convalescing after a 
 surgical operation in the hospital at Taiku. 
 The doctor said, “Have you not yet de- 
 cided to become a Christian?” He an- 
 swered, “I have.” “What led you to de- 
 cide?” He replied, “The difference be- 
 tween what I have heard here and of that 
 worship in the temple which I know is 
 foolishness.” The priest departed. The 
 evangelist connected with the hospital and 
 some of the students were skeptical about 
 his change of heart. He had no money 
 56 
 
 After operation 
 
to pay for the fee agreed upon, nor for his board bill. He 
 promised, however, to send it in three months. He had nothing 
 to pledge. A Bible and hymn book were sold him on credit. As he 
 went away, the evangelist remarked, “That is the last we shall 
 hear of him.” Promptly on the date agreed upon, however, a, post- 
 office order for the amount and a long letter of gratitude were re- 
 ceived. The amazement of the hospital staff was great. The 
 sermon had been more effective than any of them had supposed. 
 
 To one who has followed the course of medical missions 
 there can be no doubt of the permanent effect of the Gospel 
 preached by the medical missionary. The most stubborn enemy 
 of the Cross in all non-Christian lands is Caste. This enters into 
 the warp and woof of the economic, civil and religious life in 
 India. It is even doubted by some students of missions and some 
 recent visitors to mission lands whether the breaking of the caste 
 system in a land like India, and the introduction of individualism, 
 may not be fraught with great dangers both to the individual 
 and to the nation. But even caste yields to the physician. 
 
 A blind Mahar, after a forty-mile tramp in rough weather, 
 reached the Hospital at Vengurle, India. He was a low caste man. 
 He was speedily frightened 
 away, because of Brahmans in 
 the same ward who called down 
 on him the curses of heaven for 
 daring to stay in the room with 
 them. In spite of the entreaties 
 and promises of the physician, 
 he and his family fled. The 
 priceless gift of sight could have 
 been his after a few days’ resi- 
 dence, but the caste spirit drove 
 him out to continue his life of 
 darkness. These untouchables 
 often remain and are cured. A 
 sermon is then preached which An ambulance in India at the Vengurle 
 bids fair to make even the walls 
 
 of the Jericho caste fall down flat. This was evidenced in the same 
 hospital by a young man who came from a distant village and 
 insisted on a private room so as to be as little contaminated as pos- 
 sible with the lower caste people. He was sullen, suspicious, and 
 supposed that the missionary had evil intentions. As the days 
 passed by his suspicions vanished. One of the Christian women, 
 a ward patient, needed a private room because of certain complica- 
 tions which had developed. This young man came forward volun- 
 tarily and offered his room, saying he would gladly stay in the 
 ward. Before he left the hospital he confessed his belief in the 
 Lord Jesus Christ. He revisited the hospital and, like Andrew of 
 old, brought his brother with him. 
 
 The preacher whose Gospel breaks the chains of caste is the 
 physician. A woman of high caste, needing an operation, was 
 sent to the Miraj Hospital. She had often heard the Old, Old 
 Story, and though interested would not accept the Saviour because 
 
 57 
 
Four graduate nurses of the Severance Hospital, Korea 
 
 it meant the breaking of high caste. She was greatly impressed 
 during her convalescence with the Christian native nurses and the 
 Gospel story which they told, and better still, which they exempli- 
 fied. The nurses said to her, “Go home and tell your friends what 
 great things the Lord has done for you.” She had to travel a 
 long distance on the train, and then was carried in a heavy down- 
 pour of rain on a cart loaded with cocoanuts. Arriving at her 
 village she refused to salute the god of the village as her custom 
 was when she was carried past it. In consequence of her long 
 ride through the rain, she became ill and a missionary living near 
 was sent for, who, seeing that the woman’s condition was serious, 
 took her to her home and nursed her. She said, “I will never 
 worship idols again and I mean to tell the people what the Lord 
 has done for me.” As the end drew near and her old mother and 
 young daughter were with her during her last days, she witnessed 
 to all her faith in Christ, saying, “I am not afraid to go out to 
 darkness. Jesus will not let me go alone.” 
 
 The caste and the outcastes alike are reached by the Gospel of 
 the Healer. “To the poor the Gospel is preached.” 
 
 58 
 
CHAPTER VI. 
 
 The Last Beatitude 
 
 The physician whose life is dominated by the spirit of his 
 Master has peculiar opportunities for removing stumbling blocks 
 from the path of toiling men and women. The most bitter oppo- 
 sition breaks down before the magic wand of him who brings 
 healing to the body and life to the spirit. 
 
 One loves to think of the missionary in the Christ-land fol- 
 lowing so closely in the footsteps of the Divine Master. In the 
 hospital in Beirut, where the missionaries of the Presbyterian 
 Board have so long ministered, patients come from all parts of 
 Syria and Palestine, from Egypt, Cyprus, Constantinople, Russia 
 and various parts of Asia Minor. The hospital has Bibles in 
 
 Arabic, Turkish, 
 Hebrew, Yiddish, 
 French, German 
 and Greek, and 
 they are often in 
 use. Many a stolid 
 Jew has had his 
 heart softened to 
 find a copy of his 
 Sacred Law in his 
 hands. One 
 woman from a dis- 
 tant Jewish colony 
 said with great 
 earnest ness, “I 
 sometimes think 
 that we are reject- 
 ing the very Christ, that He truly fulfilled the prophecies, only we 
 are too blind to see.” She spoke better than she knew, and her state- 
 ment could be verified in many a Hebrew and Moslem home 
 throughout the Orient. 
 
 Some years ago a Kurd, Timur-bag, went to Westminster 
 Hospital, Urumia. Lie was very ill. He had tried many physicians 
 and was not cured. He was a chief, and controlled many villages 
 over the Persian border. He came to the hospital on a litter with 
 a large retinue. It seemed as if he might die that night. Under 
 the blessing of God and the skillful care of the medical mission- 
 ary, he recovered. His interest in all that he saw in the Hospital 
 was very great, giving special attention to surgical operations, and 
 often visiting the wards. Some time after his return home the 
 chiefs in his region, in a conclave where Timur was present, pro- 
 posed the assassination of Armenians. He opposed the proposition 
 on the ground of his experiences in the hospital and declared that 
 if the other chiefs decided to carry out the plan, he would cast 
 
 59 
 
Mountaineers — came four days’ journey to Urumia Hospital 
 
 in his lot with tlie Christians and fight against the Kurds. He made 
 these three points : 
 
 First: Their ability to cure at the hospital. Second: The 
 
 equal care of the poor, the lowest and all sorts and conditions of 
 men as well as chiefs like himself. Third : The hospital doctor 
 
 and others there were gentlemen and ladies and yet they did this 
 lowliest service for all alike. 
 
 The “Beloved Physician” who so successfully treated this 
 wild Kurdish chief has long since passed to his rest. His succes- 
 sor, after one term of service, on his return home, having labored 
 in the same territory, writes : 
 
 “My heart burns within me, especially when I travel 
 into Kurdistan. In this land where every man’s hand is 
 against his neighbor, where robbing and killing are or- 
 dinary, every-day occupations, there is a rich field await- 
 ing the coming of the missionary. The Kurds are truly 
 ‘as sheep without a shepherd,’ and ‘no man cares for their 
 souls.’ Yet they are warm-hearted and friendly to a 
 marked degree. And the doctor at least is safe to go any- 
 where among them.” 
 
 This is not a mere missionary apologetic. It is the removal 
 of a great stumbling block in the way of the progress of the King- 
 dom. The last of the Beatitudes has been realized by the physician. 
 
 Any one living in India knows the difficulty of securing real 
 sympathetic touch with the people. The physician secures the 
 touch. A strict purdah woman from Central India said, as she 
 threw aside the curtain which, until that time had concealed her 
 from the physician, “We will consider the doctor one of the fam- 
 ily.” In this single act she revealed how the man of God, skilled 
 in medical practice, can overcome the prejudices of centuries. 
 
 60 
 
In the clinic of the Tripoli Hospital, one morning, a patient 
 said : “I am a brother of the great chief of the Anezeh tribe of 
 
 Arabs who live on the desert east of this place. Last winter I was 
 shot in the arm and people tell 
 me there is a dead bone which 
 must be removed.” The dead 
 bone was there and the phy- 
 sician was able to remove it and 
 send his patient back well and 
 strong. Some time after the 
 physician and his assistant 
 started to spend the Sabbath in 
 two villages on the borders of 
 the Syrian desert. As they 
 journeyed, they came to a low 
 hill, when up sprung a number 
 of Bedouins, dressed in their 
 picturesque costume, riding their 
 magnificent horses, each man armed with a repeating rifle, sword 
 and revolver. Ever}^ rifle was ready. The click of the hammer was 
 distinctly heard. The leader said, “Who are you and where are 
 you going?” The doctor replied, “Only a doctor; I am going to 
 yonder village on the Lord’s business. I had the honor of treating 
 the brother of your Chief.” “Are you the American doctor?” 
 He answered, “Yes,” to which the reply came, “Then go in peace.” 
 Each man put up his rifle and was soon lost to sight. The doctor and 
 his assistant went on their way. This is the land “where all that 
 were sick with divers diseases came and were healed.” It is the 
 same Gospel and preached in the same spirit as of old. 
 
 It is the contrast between the old and the new, between the 
 religion exemplified by the medical missionary and the religion 
 bound hand and foot by caste, custom, superstition, and prejudice, 
 that makes the last Beatitude so impressive. During one of the 
 recent famines in India, starving children were refused food because 
 it was given by an outcaste, that is, a Christian. One day a very 
 thin, old man came among the crowd that had gathered on the 
 mission compound; Some native bread was handed him which he 
 quickly took. In a short time the people began to beat him and 
 drove him off the compound because he took bread from the hands 
 of a Christian, and he a caste man. This is a true picture of 
 Hinduism. 
 
 Before many months had passed, on this same compound, high 
 caste mothers were offering to nurse the babies of low caste women. 
 The Gospel of relief had brought a social revolution, had removed 
 a stumbling block, had taught the fatherhood of God, and the 
 brotherhood of man. 
 
 A man whose wife was ill in the hospital at Hunan, after 
 seeing the doctor sit up with her for two nights, exclaimed, “I 
 know there is something in Christianity, since it makes a doctor 
 willing to do this.” Even the patient sees that what is needed is 
 more than physical healing. A tired woman was waiting her turn 
 in a mission dispensary, and when she came she raised her eyes 
 
 61 
 
 Children operated on at Miraj Hospital 
 
Chapel service at Sri Tamarat Hospital, Siam 
 
 to tile pliysician and said, “Give me some medicine for a sad heart, 
 my son is dead.” 
 
 The skilled practitioner quickly detects where more is needed ‘ 
 than physical healing, and when the heart is full with love to the 
 Divine Master, he can pour the oil of joy and the wine of glad- 
 ness into the bruised spirit. The Spirit of the Lord God, of which 
 Isaiah sang, enables the physician to “bind up the broken-hearted” 
 as well as “to heal the sick.” The physician who can speak peace 
 to the troubled soul brings often a larger blessing than he who re- 
 moves pain from the body. No better illustration of the vast hold 
 which the medical missionary can gain on a community, or on a 
 ruler, and on a nation, than is seen in the report of the IMiraj 
 Hospital for the year, 1913: 
 
 “Many Parsees also find their way to the hospital. 
 Gourteous, dignified and grateful for the care received, 
 they make good' patients. Amongst other patients we 
 find nearly all the classes of people the country can pro- 
 duce. The high and low, the rich and poor, some travel- 
 ing hundreds of miles and differing widely from Marathi 
 people in appearance, language and customs. One man, a 
 villainous type from Kabul, Afghanistan, traveled over two 
 thousand miles to our hospital. He was scarred and 
 wounded, the result of a feud, and frankly admitted that 
 his whole desire for recovery was that he might take re- 
 venge by killing the enemy who had wounded him. We 
 trv to he friends to the women and children and often get 
 glimpses into their lives of ignorance and superstition 
 that make us long to be able to help them. 
 
 “The most notable change in the work itself has been 
 its continuous growth, evidenced this year in the erection 
 of new buildings. 
 
 62 
 
“Through the generosity of His Highness, the Maha- 
 rajah of Kolhapur, a new plot of six and a half acres of 
 land opposite the hos- 
 pital has been secured 
 for the erection of such 
 new buildings as the de- 
 velopment of the work 
 demands, and income of 
 the work may permit. 
 
 “Two gifts of Rs. 
 
 15000 and Rs. 3300, re- 
 spectively, have been 
 promised towards the 
 erection of a new hos- 
 pital block for Parsees 
 on this site, where we 
 hope in time to erect a 
 new residence for phy- 
 sicians, which will be 
 required in the develop- 
 ment of the medical 
 school, together with the 
 proposed new laboratory 
 when that is needed. It 
 is a satisfaction to be able to report the complete self-sup- 
 port of the work, and we expect in the coming fiscal year 
 to relinquish all appropriations from America, either for 
 the current work or new buildings.” 
 
 The hope of the future in all non-Christian lands is that groups 
 of native men and women can be trained in the skill and science 
 of the West, coupled with the spirit and love of Him who came 
 down from heaven as a missionary to a suffering world. 
 
 “Has your country many daughters like you?” said a robber 
 chief to the elect lady whose hospital tent looks out on the snows 
 of Lebanon. “Truly our work is to despoil and deface; yours is 
 to restore and repair.” 
 
 “Blessed is he whomsoever shall not be offended in Me.” 
 
 Not an earring but a horn of thirty- 
 years’ growth 
 
 63 
 
Outdoor patients, Ferozepur Hospital, Punjab, India 
 
APPENDIX A 
 
 Medical missionaries under appointment of the Board of For- 
 eign Missions, February 1st, 1914: 
 
 AFRICA : Date of arrival 
 
 Johnson, Silas F., M.D 1894 
 
 Knight, FI. W., M.D 1912 
 
 Lehman, W. S., M.D 1898 
 
 Finney, O. H., M.D 1907 
 
 Senska, F. R., M.D 1912 
 
 Weber, H. L., M.D 1902 
 
 Total G 
 
 CHINA : 
 
 Anderson, Elizabeth E., M.D 1907 
 
 Bash, Clementine, M.D 1912 
 
 Berst, W. L., M.D 1907 
 
 Boggs, Mrs. J. J. (Ruth C. Bliss, M.D.) 1892 
 
 Boyd, Harry W., M.D 1899 
 
 Bryan, Fleiman, M.D 1902 
 
 Burnham, Mary L., M.D 1897 
 
 Cochran, Samuel, M.D 1899 
 
 Cooper, Effie B., M.D 1899 
 
 Cunningham, W. R., M.D 1904 
 
 Dilley, F. E., M.D 1907 
 
 Dobson William H., M.D 1897 
 
 Dunlap, R. W., FI.D 1909 
 
 Fleming, Emma E., M.D 1898 
 
 Eulton, Mary H., M.D 1884 
 
 Hackett, Martha, M.D 1913 
 
 Hamilton, G. W., M.D 1903 
 
 Heimburger, L. F., M.D 1913 
 
 Flarding, B. M., M.D 1913 
 
 Flills, Oscar F., M.D 1907 
 
 Humphreys, Anne F., M.D 1913 
 
 Johnson, C. F., M.D 1889 
 
 Keatcr, Louise H., M.D 1903 
 
 Kelley, J. F., M.D 1903 
 
 Laseli, S. L., M.D 1899 
 
 Leonard, Eliza E., M.D 1895 
 
 Lewis, C. E., M.D 189G 
 
 Lewis, S. C., M.D 1901 
 
 Lewis, Elizabeth F., M.D 1906 
 
 Logan, O. T., M.D 1897 
 
 Lyon, C. FL, M.D 1900 
 
 McCandliss, H. M., M.D 1885 
 
 65 
 
CHINA : (Continued) 
 
 Mackey, Maud, M.D 1899 
 
 Machle, E. C, M.D 1889 
 
 Mateer, Mrs. R. ]\I. (Madge Dickson, M.D.) 1889 
 
 Merwin Caroline S., ]\I.D 1905 
 
 Murdoch, Agnes G., M.D 1908 
 
 Neal, J. B., M.D 1883 
 
 Niles, Mary W., M.D 1882 
 
 Patton, Mrs. C. E. (Isabella Mack, M.D.) 1905 
 
 Robertson, W. E., M.D 1906 
 
 Robinson, Mary H., ]\I.D 1913 
 
 Ross, R. M., M.D 1906 
 
 Roys, C. K., M.D 1904 
 
 Seymour, S. F., M.D 1894 
 
 Schultz, W. M., M.D 1909 
 
 Sloan, T. D., M.D 1912 
 
 Tooker, F. J., M.D 1901 
 
 Tooker, Mrs. F. J. (Mary E. Fitch, M.D.) 1901 
 
 Tootell, G. T., M.D 1913 
 
 Vanderburg, E. D., M.D 1894 
 
 Total 51 
 
 INDIA : 
 
 Allen, M. Maude, M.D 1894 
 
 Avey, Mrs. H. T. (Sarah E. Swezey, M.D.) 1910 
 
 Carleton, M.” B., M.D 1881 
 
 Carleton Jessica R., M.D 1886 
 
 Forman, C. W., M.D 1883 
 
 Goheen, R. H. H., M.D 1905 
 
 MacArthur, Victoria E., M.D 1899 
 
 Marshall, Mrs. A. W. (IMary J. Stewart, iM.D.) . . . 1900 
 
 Marston, Emily, M.D 1891 
 
 Mitchell, Alice, M.D 1895 
 
 Noble, Mary R., M.D 1903 
 
 Orbison, J. H., M.D 1886 
 
 Vail, C. E., M.D 1909 
 
 Vrooman, Sarah, M.D 1901 
 
 Wanless, W. J., M.D 1889 
 
 Wilson, A. S., M.D 1896 
 
 Young, Annie, M. D 1906 
 
 Total 17 
 
 GUATEMALA: 
 
 Gregg, Mary E., M.D 1906 
 
 Total 1 
 
 PHILIPPINES: 
 
 Carter, R. W., M.D 1907 
 
 Graham, J. A., M.D 1905 
 
 Hall, J. A., M.D 1900 
 
 Langheim, H. W.. M.D 1901 
 
 Miller, W. J., M.D 1913 
 
 Total 5 
 
 66 
 
KOREA : 
 
 Avison, O. R., M.D 1893 
 
 Bigger, J. D., M.D 1911 
 
 Fletcher, A. G., M.D 1909 
 
 Hirst, J. W., M.D 1904 
 
 Ludlow, A. L, M.D 1911 
 
 Mills, R. G., M.D 1908 
 
 Pieters, Mrs. A. A. (Eva H. Field, M.D.) 1897 
 
 Purviance, W. C., M.D 1908 
 
 Sharrocks, A; M., M.D 1899 
 
 Smith, R. K., M.D 1911 
 
 Underwood, Mrs. H. G. (Lillias S. Horton, M.D.) 1888 
 
 Wells, J. H., M.D 1895 
 
 Whiting, H. G., M.D 1903 
 
 Total 13 
 
 PERSIA : 
 
 Allen, Mary D., M.D 1910 
 
 Cook, J. W., M.D 1913 
 
 Frame, J. D., M.D 1905 
 
 Funk, J. A., M.D 1903 
 
 Lamme, C. W., M.D 1913 
 
 Lawrence, E. T., M.D 1903 
 
 Lawrence, Mrs. E. J. (Jessie C. Wilson, M.D.) . . . 1893 
 
 Muller, Mrs. H. A. (Laura B. McComb, M.D.) . . 1910 
 
 Orcutt, Edna E., M.D 1911 
 
 Packard, H. P., M.D 1906 
 
 Smith, Mary J., M.D 1889 
 
 Stead, Mrs. F. M. (Blanche Wilson, M.D.) 1900 
 
 Sutherland, Mira, M.D 1913 
 
 Vanneman, W. S., M.D 1890 
 
 Total 14 
 
 SIAM: 
 
 Bulkley, L. C., M.D 1905 
 
 McDaniel, E. B., M.D 1903 
 
 Shellman, C. J., M.D 1906 
 
 Van Metre P. W., M.D 1913 
 
 Wachter, E., M.D 1884 
 
 Total 5 
 
 LAOS: 
 
 Beach, W. B., M.D 1913 
 
 Briggs, W. A., IM.D 1890 
 
 Cort, E. C., M.D 1908 
 
 Crooks, C. H., M.D 1904 
 
 Lyon, W. T., M.D 1913 
 
 Mason, C. W., M.D 1906 
 
 McKean, J. W., M.D 1889 
 
 Park, C. E., M.D 1913 
 
 Peoples, S. C., M.D 1883 
 
 Total 9 
 
 67 
 
SYRIA ; 
 
 Eddy, Mary P., M.D 1893 
 
 Harris, Ira, IM.D 1883 
 
 Harris, Ara Elsie, M.D 1908 
 
 Total 3 
 
 TOTAL. 
 
 Africa 6 
 
 China 51 
 
 India 17 
 
 Guatemala 1 
 
 Philippines 5 
 
 Korea 13 
 
 Persia 14 
 
 Siam 5 
 
 Laos 9 
 
 Syria 3 
 
 134 
 
 Hospital Buildings at MacLean and Assistants 
 
 68 
 
APPENDIX B. 
 
 DATA REGARDING THE PRESENT MEDICAL WORK OF 
 THE PRESBYTERIAN BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS 
 PIOSPITALS AND DISPENSARIES.* 
 
 Note. — Although, where possible, the number of beds is given for each 
 hospital, it should be remembered that this does not mean that this number 
 of patients can be cared for at any one time ; as it often happens, especially 
 in China, that a number of the relatives and friends accompany the patient 
 and have to be accommodated. In hospitals where there are no nurses these 
 friends are really necessary in serious cases, but they take up room which 
 might otherwise be occupied by patients. 
 
 AFRICA: 
 
 BENITO— 
 
 Dispensary work begun 18Gd 
 
 Managed by lay missionaries until 1907 when medi- 
 cal missionary came to station. 
 
 Boys’ dormitory, when vacant, used as operating 
 room. 
 
 Hospital in process of erection. 
 
 BATANGA— 
 
 Dispensary work begun 1885 
 
 Small Hospital. 
 
 17 beds. 
 
 EFULEN— 
 
 Dispensary work begun 1900 
 
 “Schauffler Hospital and Dispensary” 1913 
 
 Hospital and dispensary buildings the gift of Mrs. A. 
 
 F. Schauffler of New York City. 
 
 Leper work connected with this Station 1911 
 
 MAC LEAN— 
 
 Dispensary begun 1898 
 
 Hospital. 
 
 40 beds, 2 distinct buildings. 
 
 METET— 
 
 Medical work begun 1909 
 
 Dispensary. 
 
 Nearest physician aside from station physician, 54 
 miles distant. 
 
 Outlook good for medical work at Metet. As yet 
 (1914) no hospital or dispensary buildings. The 
 natives are asking for the white man’s medicine and 
 want to know when a hospital is to be built. 
 
 The missionary takes his medicines with him in a 
 chest when he goes on an itinerating trip and holds 
 clinics by the roadside. 
 
 *The names of Hospitals are those now in use. 
 
 69 
 
Missionary Hospital, Rataiiga, Africa 
 
CHINA: 
 
 Medical work in China begun at Ningpo 1844 
 
 First missionary sent to China by Presbyterian Board, 
 a physician, Dr. D. B. McCartee. 
 
 HAINAN: 
 
 HOIHOJV, KIUNGCHOJV— 
 
 Begun 1885 
 
 1 hospital, erected 189G 
 
 85 beds. 
 
 1 dispensary. 
 
 Medical work begun at Kiungchow by physician. All 
 applicants agree to spend an hour a day in studying 
 Catechism, New Testament and hymns if they wish 
 to become in-patients. 
 
 Work among lepers carried on in nearby village. 
 
 Back of Hoihow Hospital 
 
 Hoihow Hospital 
 71 
 
Dispensary, Hoihow 
 
 NODOA— 
 
 Medical work opened 1891 
 
 “Mary Henry Hospital” 1899 
 
 33 beds. 
 
 Beds consist of boards placed on benches. 
 
 Dispensary. 
 
 Hospital erected by women of Princeton Church, 
 Philadelphia, in memory of wife of Dr. Addison 
 
 Front of Kachek Hospital, Hainan 
 72 
 
Henry. Completed with gifts from missionaries on the 
 field. 
 
 Four or five dialects used in the medical work. 
 
 KACHEK— 
 
 Medical work begun 1903 
 
 “Kilborne Hospital” 1907 
 
 40 beds. 
 
 Dispensary. 
 
 Hospital gift of Mr. A. W. Kilborne, of Orange, 
 
 N. J. 
 
 Some of the best evangelistic work and workers have 
 been developed from hospital patients. 
 
 SOUTH CHINA; 
 
 CANTON— 
 
 Medical work begun 1838 
 
 1 Hospital. 
 
 2 Dispensaries. 
 
 1 Medical College. 
 
 1 Training School for Nurses. 
 
 1 Nurses’ Home. 
 
 1 Hospital for Insane. 
 
 The first medical missionary to Canton was sent out 
 by the American Board in 1834 — Dr. Peter Parker. 
 
 He opened a hospital chiefly for eye diseases. This 
 was merged into the Canton General Hospital and 
 superintended from 1853 to 1899 by Dr. John G. Kerr. 
 
 Dr. Kerr, in connection with this hospital, founded the 
 Refuge for the Insane from which, as a center, much 
 evangelistic work is done. 
 
 “The David Gregg Hospital” 1901 
 
 Given by Lafayette Avenue Church of Brooklyn as 
 an appreciation of their pastor, the Rev. David 
 Gregg, D.D. 
 
 Work practically self-supporting from gifts of Chinese. 
 
 “David Gregg Hospital” 
 73 
 
Native women physicians operating, “David Gregg Hospital” 
 
 Examining Room, “David Gregg Hospital” 
 
 “Julia M. Turner Training School for Nurses”. 
 Given by Mrs. Charles P. Turner in memory of Mrs. 
 C. N. Thoq)e, for six years the honored and beloved 
 President of the Woman’s Board of Philadelphia. 
 
 74 
 
Nurses Home. 
 
 Gift of Mrs. Charles P. Turner in memory of Mrs. C. 
 N. Thorpe. 
 
 Ward in “David Gregg .Hospital”, 
 Canton, China 
 
 Mary H. Perkins’ Maternity and Children’s 
 Wards” 190G 
 
 Memorial by Mrs. Charles P. Turner to Mrs. Mary H. 
 
 Perkins of the Philadelphia Board. 
 
 The Medical School for women was opened 1901 
 
 Name changed to “Hackett Medical College” 1903 
 Buildings gift of Mr. E. A. K. Hackett, of Ft. Wayne, 
 
 Indiana. 
 
 Graduates and Faculty of Hackett Medical College, 1912 
 
 Motto of College: “To give light and save life”. 53 
 Chinese women have been graduated from the Col- 
 lege. One of the women members of the staff is the 
 most famous native surgeon in China. 
 
 Through the dispensaries fully 23,000 people have 
 heard the Gospel in a single year. 
 
 When the doctors are called to homes they carry 
 
 75 
 
Tlieodore Cuyler Cluirch ITackett Lecture TTall TTackett College Dormitory 
 
 McWilliams Building in Maternity Ward, Canton 
 
tracts for distribution. If the time is not suitable to 
 talk to the anxious household, the tracts are left for 
 future reading. 
 
 Some years ago a large hospital was built in Shek 
 Lung by the Merchants’ Guild. For some reason it 
 was not opened, and the large building stood vacant 
 
 Pupils in Dr. Niles’ School for Blind, Canton, China 
 
 Leper Chapel, Canton, China 
 
 77 
 
until last spring, when it was decided to open it, with 
 a staff which included representatives of both East- 
 ern and Western medicine. 
 
 The doctor who is in charge of the Woman’s De- 
 partment was formerly an assistant in the David Gregg 
 Hospital, Canton, and teacher in the Woman’s Medi- 
 cal College. 
 
 YEUNG RUNG— 
 
 “Forman IMemorial Hospital for Men” 1902 
 
 14 beds. 
 
 Dispensary. 
 
 Hospital gift of First Presbyterian Church, Jersey 
 City. 
 
 LIEN CHOU— 
 
 Fir^t hospital opened 1897 
 
 Destroyed by mob 1905 
 
 Medical Work for WMmen begun 1899 
 
 “Van Norden Hospital for Men” 1910 
 
 50 beds. 
 
 “James H. A. Brooks Hospital for Women” 1910 
 
 50 beds. 
 
 These two hospitals memorial to the martyred mis- 
 sionaries of Lien Chou 1905 
 
 Outside the Woman’s Hospital, Lien Chou, China 
 
 78 
 
In the Children’s Ward, Lien Chou, China 
 
 SIANGTAN— HUNAN: 
 
 Medical work opened 1901 
 
 “Tooker Memorial Hospital” 1906 
 
 30 beds. 
 
 Dispensary. 
 
 Land and building for the “Tooker Memorial Hos- 
 pital” given by Mr. Nathaniel Tooker of East Orange, 
 
 N. J., in memory of his wife. 
 
 HENGCHOW— 
 
 Medical work begun 1906 
 
 1 Hospital 1911 
 
 50 beds, room for 30 more. 
 
 1 Dispensary. 
 
 The Hospital was given by the Women’s Board of 
 New York in 1907 but was not opened for lack of 
 equipment until 1911. 
 
 C HEN CHOW— 
 
 1 Hospital. 
 
 40 beds. 
 
 1 Dispensary. 
 
 Large amount of medical itineration done from this 
 station. 
 
 Hospital gift of Church in Warren, Pa. Equipment 
 gift of Mrs. Henry Kuhn in memory of a son. 
 
 79 
 
Nathaniel Tooker Hospital, Hunan, China 
 
 Hengchow Hospital 
 
 80 
 
CHANGTEH— 
 
 Medical work opened 
 1 Hospital for Men 
 30 beds. 
 
 1 Hospital for- Women 
 12 beds. 
 
 1 Dispensary. 
 
 First Hospital opened in Finnan Province. 
 Men’s Hospital was begun by the Cumberland Board. 
 The first hospital opened in Hunan Province. 
 
 Land for Woman’s Hospital given by the women of 
 Salt River Presbytery, Missouri. 
 
 CENTRAL CHINA: 
 
 SOOCHOW— 
 
 “Tooker Memorial Hospital for Women and 
 Children” 
 
 35 beds. 
 
 Built by Mr. Nathanial Tooker of East Orange, N. J., 
 in memory of his wife. 
 
 4 Dispensaries (3 in the country). 
 
 NINGPO— 
 
 Dispensary opened in 
 
 There is a small hospital in a neighboring city with 
 a Christian Chinese physician in charge. 
 
 NORTH CHINA: 
 
 Union Medical Work carried on at Peking. 
 *Lockhart Union iMedical College for Men, 
 opened 
 
 fUnion Medical College for Women, opened 
 iUnion Training School for Nurses, opened 
 *3 classes have graduated — 48 doctors ; one of these 
 took part in the anti-plague campaign, 
 fl class graduated. 
 
 $2 classes graduated. 
 
 *This College is one of the three Union Institutions 
 established jointly by the North China Educational 
 Union (American Board, American Presbyterian, and 
 London Missionary Society Missions). Subsequently 
 the Peking University of the American Methodist 
 Episcopal Mission joined in its work. The College 
 was built and equipped by the London Missionary So- 
 ciety which is especially responsible for its mainte- 
 nance. The name of Lockhart was given to the Col- 
 lege in honor of the distinguished pioneer who led the 
 way as the first Medical Missionary of the Society, 
 and indeed of any British Society. The main building 
 was finished and opened in March, 1906, and the dor- 
 mitory section in 
 
 1899 
 
 1903 
 
 1903 
 
 1899 
 
 1844 
 
 1906 
 
 1908 
 
 1906 
 
 1908 
 
 81 
 
A great deal of interest in the College was aroused 
 at the outset among the wealthy and governing 
 classes, and Her Imperial Majesty, the late Empress 
 Dowager of China, contributed handsomely to its 
 funds, and sent a special Commissioner to open it. 
 It has received another mark of favor in being reg- 
 istered by the Imperial Board of Education, so that 
 its successful students receive a Government diploma. 
 
 An Ting Hospital 
 
 An Ting Dispensary 
 
 82 
 
Douw Hospital for Women, Peking 
 
PEKING— 
 
 IMedical work begun 
 
 1883 
 
 An Ting Hospital for Men 
 
 1903 
 
 22 beds. 
 
 
 Douw Hospital for Women 
 
 1902 
 
 18 beds. 
 
 
 2 Dispensaries. 
 
 
 
 Au Ding Hospital Ward — Man with broken back 
 
 PAOTINGFU— 
 
 Medical work begun 1893 
 
 *“George Yardley Taylor Memorial Hospital 
 for Men” 1904 
 
 00 beds. 
 
 “Hodge Memorial Hospital for Women” 1904 
 
 50 beds. 
 
 2 Dispensaries. 
 
 “The George Yardley Taylor Hospital”, erected in 
 memory of Dr. Taylor, who perished in the Boxer 
 outbreak of 1900, by his classmates of Princeton Uni- 
 versity. Equipment provided by gift of Dr. B. C. At- 
 terbury, of N. Y. Other buildings added by I\Ir. E. 
 
 B. Sturgis, of Scranton, Pa. 
 
 “The Hodge Memorial Hospital”, erected with funds 
 received from Indemnity Eund, Dr. Cortlandt Van R. 
 
 Hodge having perished in the Boxer outbreak of 
 1900. The Indemnity was received from the Chi- 
 nese Government for property destroyed at time of 
 outbreak. 
 
 *Physician in charge has fitted up a dental room and 
 makes his own tablets. 
 
 84 
 
Hugh O’Neill Memorial Hospital, Shunte Fu, China 
 
SHUNTEFU— 
 
 Medical work begun 1904 
 
 “Hugh O’Neill Hospital”, memorial 1907 
 
 60 beds. 
 
 Dispensary. 
 
 Opium wards outside main building. 
 
 Hospital built by Mrs. Hugh O’Neill, of New York, 
 in memory of her husband. (See page 85.) 
 
 Hope Hospital, Hwai Yuen 
 
 Men’s W'ard, “Hope Hospital” 
 
 86 
 
KIANGAN: 
 
 HWAI YUEN— 
 
 Medical work opened 1903 
 
 “Hope Hospital” 1909 
 
 Dispensary. 
 
 Hospital building erected by Mr. IW. C. Lobenstine, 
 of New York, in memory of his wife. Has ward 
 for women. 
 
 NANKING: 
 
 Union Medical College in connection with 
 Nanking University 1911 
 
 Union Training School for Nurses 1910 
 
 Union of Presbyterians, North and South; Metho- 
 dists, North and South; Baptists, North and South; 
 
 Disciples. 
 
 SHANTUNG: 
 
 TSINAN-FU— 
 
 Union Medical College 1911 
 
 This College is under the joint control of the English 
 Baptist and American Presbyterian Missions Plant 
 provided by the Baptist Missionary Society of Lon- 
 don. Aim and policy of the College : To give a 
 
 medical education under distinctively Christian influ- 
 ences to young men, chiefly from Christian families. 
 
 When the College was opened, the Governor of Shan- " 
 tung made a generous gift of 1000 taels ($700 gold). 
 
 1 Hospital 1910 
 
 40 beds. 
 
 1 Dispensary 1910 
 
 Severance Hospital, Tengchow 
 
 87 
 
TENGCHOW— 
 
 ]\'Iedical work opened 1878 
 
 * Present Hospital occupied 1912 
 
 35 beds. 
 
 2 Dispensaries. 
 
 *Gift of the late Mr. L. H. Severance, of Cleveland, 
 
 Ohio. 
 
 88 
 
 Men’s Dispensary, Wei Ilsien, China 
 
CHEFOO— 
 
 Dispensary work begun 
 “Temple Hill” Hospital 
 80 beds. 
 
 The hospital building, the gift of Dr. O. F. Hills and 
 the late Mr. L. H. Severance. 
 
 The Dispensary is capable of handling 30,000 patients 
 annually. 
 
 TSINGTAU— 
 
 Medical itinerating work among women, under care 
 of a woman physician. 
 
 WEI HSIEN— 
 
 Medical work opened 
 Present hospitals opened 
 Men’s Hospital. 
 
 30 beds 
 
 ^Woman’s Hospital. 
 
 15 beds. 
 
 3 Dispensaries opened 
 
 *Money for an isolation ward given by Presbytery of 
 Minneapolis. 
 
 1908 
 
 1913 
 
 1882 
 
 1900 
 
 1906 
 
 Women’s Dispensary, Wei Hsien, China 
 89 
 
TSINANFU— 
 
 Medical work opened 
 
 Union Medical College of Shantung. 
 
 University located here. 
 
 “Mcllvaine Memorial Hospital for Men” 
 
 18 beds. 
 
 “Louisa Y. Boyd Hospital for Women” 
 
 12 beds. 
 
 2 Dispensaries. 
 
 The Mcllvaine IMemorial Hospital, erected from a 
 part of the legacy of Rev. Jasper S. Mcllvaine, as a 
 testimony to him, he having founded the station at 
 Tsinanfu. 
 
 The Louisa Y. Boyd Hospital, given by the late IMrs. 
 L. Y. Boyd, of Harrisburg, Pa. 
 
 ICHOIV-FU^ 
 
 Medical work begun 
 Woman’s Hospital 
 50 beds. 
 
 2 Dispensaries. 
 
 “Floyd D. 'White Memorial Plospital for Men” 
 50 beds. 
 
 These hospitals are called the “Jesus Hospitals”. 
 Women’s Hospital given by the Woman’s Board of 
 the Southwest, St. Louis. 
 
 Memorial Hospital, named for young son of a Mrs. 
 White, of Mulberry, Kansas. 
 
 TSINING— 
 
 “Rose Bachman Memorial Hospital for Men” 
 60 beds. 
 
 “Annie M. Hunter Memorial for Women” 
 
 24 beds. 
 
 1 Dispensary. 
 
 “Rose Bachman Hospital” given by 1st Presbyterian 
 Church, Utica, N. Y., in memory of pastor's wife. 
 New building erected 1007 by Women’s Board of 
 New York. 
 
 “Annie M. Hunter IMemorial”, given by Dr. S. A. 
 Hunter in memory of his mother. 
 
 New equipment for men’s wards to he provided from 
 Kennedy Fund to the amount of $1,000. 
 
 YI-IISIEN— 
 
 Hospital 
 8 beds. 
 
 Dispensary 
 
 1880 
 
 1892 
 
 1899 
 
 1891 
 
 1907 
 
 1899 
 
 1894 
 
 1895 
 
 1007 
 
 1907 
 
 00 
 
Rose Bachman Memorial Hospital, Tsining, China 
 
GUATEMALA: 
 
 IMedical work begun in Guatemala City 190G 
 
 Hospital erected 1913 
 
 12 beds. 
 
 Medical work conducted in hospital and dispensary 
 and by visits to the homes. 
 
 It is also expected to conduct a Training School for 
 Nurses. 
 
 INDIA— PUNJAB: 
 
 LAHORE— 
 
 Dispensary 1849 
 
 Work conducted for a number of years by natives. 
 
 Missionary in charge since 1891 
 
 Dispensary at ITagah in charge of missionary. 
 
 SAHARANPUR— 
 
 Dispensary 1 883 
 
 Medical missionary does much medical itinerating, 
 having a large van fitted up for the purpose. 
 
 Municipal Leper Asylum at Saharanpur, under Mis- 
 sion management. 
 
 SABATHU— 
 
 Dispensjiry. 
 
 Medical work opened 18GG 
 
 A large Leper Asylum connected with this Station 
 under the management of our ^Mission and superin- 
 tended by a physician of the Presbyterian P)Oard. 
 
 LUDHIANA— 
 
 Medical work at this Station carried on in connection 
 with the North India School of Medicine. 
 
 The North India School of Medicine at Ludhiana was 
 
 Hindu Ward, Ludhiana 
 92 
 
Students and Nurses of North India School of Medicine 
 
founded in 1894 by Dr. Edith Brown in conjunction 
 with a Committee composed of medical and educa- 
 tional missionaries and others who realized the need 
 of providing medical training, combined with the in- 
 fluences of a Christian home, for the Christian women 
 of India. Its primary object is to train such women 
 as desire to engage in Zenana medical missions and to 
 fit them to be medical missionaries to the country- 
 women. It has received the co-operation of some of 
 the leading missionary societies and has also been 
 recognized by Government as a school of medicine. 
 
 In view of all that was said at the World Missionary 
 Conference about union and the emphatic need of 
 interdenominational co-operation in supporting good 
 schools and colleges for the training of Christian help- 
 ers, it is a matter of congratulation that, in the North 
 India School of Medicine, such an institution has been 
 found, one which is well worthy of support. For a 
 number of years the North India IMission of the Pres- 
 byterian Churcb has loaned to the School the services 
 of one of its medical women missionaries. 
 
 JULLUNDUR— 
 
 Station opened l*;l:G 
 
 Medical missionary has a traveling dispensary. 
 
 AMBALA— 
 
 Medical work opened 1866 
 
 “Philadelphia Hospital for Womeir’ 1898 
 
 20 beds. 
 
 2 Dispensaries. 
 
 1 Dispensary for Lepers. 
 
 Leper Asylum 1848 
 
 Leper Asylum, Ambala 
 94 
 
The Philadelphia Plospital for Women has a Me- 
 morial ward in memory of Mary N. Thorpe, of Phil- 
 adelphia, called the “Family Ward”. Here the rela- 
 tives can stay and cook for the patients. ' Necessary 
 on account of caste. Plospital built by Woman’s For- 
 eign Missionary Society of Philadelphia, on the 25th 
 anniversary of organization of Society. 
 
 HOSHYARPORE— 
 
 Dispensary 
 
 “Denny Hospital for Women and Children”. 
 10 beds. 
 
 Hospital was given by Miss Anna. Denny of Brick 
 Presbyterian Church, New York City. 
 
 FEROZEPUR— 
 
 Dispensary 
 Hospital work begun 
 
 “Francis Newton Hospital for Women and 
 Children” 
 
 Medical itineration at outstation of Kasur. 
 
 Hospital built by late Mrs. Frank J. Newton. 
 
 N. INDIA: 
 
 ALLAHABAD— 
 
 ^Dispensary work begun 
 “Sara Seward Hospital for Women” 
 
 22 beds. 
 
 ^Allahabad Dispensary was opened August 11, 1890, 
 in which year the number of patients treated num- 
 bered 3,738. During a plague epidemic in 1902, the 
 hospital dispensary record showed an attendance of 
 over 18,000 from January to August. 
 
 At the close of one year of work in the dispensary, 
 during which nearly nine thousand patients were 
 treated, the physician in charge says : 
 
 “A closer acquaintance with the people has given an 
 increasing influence for good along many lines. It 
 is often very gratifying to see the efforts made to 
 carry out directions, under great difficulties. Mothers, 
 none too well themselves, will come long distances on 
 foot day after day, bringing in their arms sick chil- 
 dren for dressing or treatment, when caste customs 
 will not allow them to remain over night in the hos- 
 pital. Some have asked to be allowed to stay all day 
 to get the medicine regularly from the nurse and then 
 go home for the night returning the next morning. I 
 always let them, for by seeing something of the hos- 
 pital they become less superstitious. 
 
 “All the patients are daily taught from the Bible, 
 and the nurses also have a daily lesson with the Bible 
 woman. Each morning the hospital staff assemble in 
 
 95 
 
 1901 
 
 1882 
 
 1893 
 
 1894 
 
 1874 
 
 1896 
 
the dressing room for prayers and then the day’s work 
 begins. W'e have been able to open several homes 
 where the Bible had never been taught, and now some 
 take great pleasure in preparing their Scripture les- 
 sons, where a short time ago there was only bitter 
 opposition to Christianity. 
 
 “Jt is encouraging to see that some of the parents are 
 remembering not to give opium to the children, though 
 it is still the usual thing and the panacea for all ills of 
 both old and young. One of my most pleasant duties 
 is the attendance, medically, of several schools. The 
 difference between the uneducated women and girls 
 and those in the schools, such as the Mary Wana- 
 maker High School and the Lady Muir Memorial 
 Training School, is most marked.” 
 
 Hospital work begun in 1881), but no building having 
 been opened until 181)0, the buildings erected by Dr. 
 Seward having been used as a dispensary up to 189G. 
 The “Sara Seward Hospital” was named in memory 
 of the devoted missionary by that name who was on 
 the field for seventeen years and died of cholera in 
 
 Sarah Seward Hospital, Allahabad, India 
 
 ETAH^ 
 
 Dispensary work begun 1900 
 
 In charge of a trained compounder. 
 
 EATEHGARH— 
 
 Medical work begun 1903 
 
 ^Memorial Dispensary 1910 
 
 Memorial Dispensary built and equipped by Dr. 
 
 Anna M. Fullerton and Miss Mary Fullerton 1907 
 
 Given to Mission in 1903 
 
 Dispensary at outstation of Barhpnr. 
 
 This is for boys connected with the Barhpnr orphan- 
 age. 
 
 96 
 
W. INDIA: 
 
 KOLHAPUR— 
 
 Medical work opened 
 
 Conducted at first by a lay missionary during an out- 
 break of cholera. 
 
 2 Dispensaries. 
 
 “AHary Wanless Memorial Hospital” 
 
 20 beds. 
 
 The Memorial Hospital was given by His Highness, 
 the Maharajah of Kolhapur, as an appreciation of the 
 services of the medical staff of the Miraj Hospital 
 who attended him after a serious accident. Named 
 for the late Mrs. W. J. Wanless, of Miraj. 
 
 KODOLl— 
 
 Medical work opened 
 
 Hospital (built by famine labor). 
 
 25 beds. 
 
 Dispensary. 
 
 Hospital temporarily closed and Di,spensary in charge 
 of an Indian assistant and superintended by the Miraj 
 Hospital Staff. 
 
 V ENG U RLE— 
 
 Dispensary — work begun 
 Hospital 
 
 26 beds. 
 
 2 out-station dispensaries. 
 
 Training classes for nurses and compounders. 
 
 SANGLI— 
 
 Dispensary work 
 
 This work was begun by Dr. Wanless and continued 
 by him for two years until he was transferred tO' 
 Miraj. The dispensary was first fitted up in one end 
 of the school-house on the compound. A bathroom, 
 5x8 feet, with the addition of shelves made out of 
 packing boxes, served as a compounding room. An- 
 other room, 8 x 12, with a table and chair, served as 
 a consulting room. The open court in front of the 
 school was the waiting room. Later an old building in 
 the city, with greater space, was secured, fitted with a 
 new door and windows, sink for washing purposes, 
 rough shelving for bottles, packing boxes for cup- 
 boards, a cloth ceiling for protection against the dust 
 which blew in through the tile roof and curtain sepa- 
 rating the consulting and compounding from the 
 preaching and waiting room, with a few rude benches. 
 
 97 
 
 1906 
 
 1910 
 
 1901 
 
 1907 
 
 1908 
 
 1887 
 
MIRAJ— 
 
 Hospital 18'J1 
 
 New Building 1904 
 
 75 beds. 
 
 Dispensary at Station. 
 
 3 Dispensaries at out-stations. 
 
 Medical School. 
 
 Training School for Nurses. 
 
 Leper Asylum 1901 
 
 Land for the Hospital was secured through the friend- 
 liness of a prime minister of the State of Miraj who 
 had been a patient of the physician in charge. 
 
 The Hospital was the gift of the late IMr. John H. 
 Converse, of Philadelphia, who said that it was his 
 “best investment”. Before he died he had the satis- 
 faction of knowing that about half a million patients 
 had received treatment in this institution. In one 
 year alone the total number of in-patients was almost 
 1,500. There were over 30,000 in attendance at the 
 dispensary and 2,605 operations performed, of which 
 over 500 were for cataract. 
 
 The Hospital has fine operating room, with lecture hall 
 and laboratory for the medical school. 
 
 Jliraj Hospital 
 
 The present Sheriff of Bombay (1913) has given an 
 X-ray apparatus to the Hospital, and His Highness, 
 the Alaharajah of Kolhapur has presented to the in- 
 stitution a plot of six and a half acres of land on 
 which to erect more buildings as funds shall warrant. 
 A new Home for the Nurses is being built as the 
 Jubilee offering of the Presbyterian women of Wash- 
 ington, D. C. 
 
 98 
 
The Leper Asylum is supported by the Mission to 
 Lepers in India and the East, hut superintended hy 
 the missionary staff at Miraj station. 
 
 The Medical School is for the training of Indian Chris- 
 tian young men. 
 
 Note. — At a meeting of the Medical Missionary As- 
 sociation of India held in Bombay in February, 1909, 
 resolutions were passed and a special interdenomi- 
 national committee appointed with the object of estab- 
 lishing in connection with one of the existing Mis- 
 sionary hospitals, a Union Medical College for the 
 training of Indian Christian young men to work among 
 the village population in India. With this in pros- 
 pect the Medical School at Miraj is being enlarged. 
 The Medical Association of India has endorsed it, and 
 it is only a question of when they have the money to 
 go ahead. 
 
 KOREA: 
 
 SEOUL— 
 
 Medical work opened 
 
 1884 
 
 “Severance Hospital” 
 
 1905 
 
 48 beds. 
 
 
 IMedical College and Dispensary 
 
 1905 
 
 New buildings 
 
 1913 
 
 Nurses’ Training School 
 
 1905 
 
 Dispensary, memorial. 
 
 
 Memorial dispensary established with gifts from Mrs. 
 Hugh O’Neill, of New York. 
 
 Severance Medical College and Hospital, Seoul 
 
 99 
 
Ward in Severance Hospital 
 
 “Severance Hospital”, given by the late IMr. L. H. 
 Severance, of Cleveland, Ohio, in memory of his wife. 
 
 First Graduates of Severance Hospital, Korea 
 100 
 
Hospital has an isolation building accommodating 6 
 patients, pharmacy, dental and optical departments. 
 Also a Pasteur Institute with rabbit pen attached 
 where rabietic virus can be produced. 
 
 From the Report of the Korea Mission (1913) we 
 quote: “Severance” is now an almost universal con- 
 traction for “Severance Hospital”, and it is used to 
 denote the whole plant which has passed the original 
 and simple stage of hospital and has become an insti- 
 tution, for it is gradually developing towards its ideal 
 of being the many-sided institution which will make 
 it complete within itself along the lines of an all- 
 round medical plant. 
 
 This ideal : 
 
 1. A hospital equipped and manned with such Ameri- 
 can workers as will make it as capable of giving relief 
 from suffering and saving life as any similar institu- 
 tion in America. 
 
 2. The instruction of Koreans as physicians to be 
 associated with and in due time replace Americans 
 without loss of efficiency to the plant. 
 
 3. The instruction and training of Korean women as 
 nurses on the same basis as the doctors. 
 
 4. The training of specially capable doctors and 
 nurses as specialists and teachers so as to make pos- 
 sible the teaching of numbers to do effective medical 
 and nursing work throughout the whole country. 
 
 5. The development of a school manned ultimately 
 by these trained Koreans. 
 
 6. The addition of a department of medical re- 
 search both for training native scientists and investi- 
 gating and determining the cause and cure of dis- 
 eases existing in Korea. 
 
 7. A dental department for treatment and teaching. 
 
 8. A pharmaceutical department with similar aim and 
 with the additional one of providing the rest of our 
 institutions with prepared drugs and appliances. 
 
 9. An optical department for the relief of diseases, 
 refraction and the manufacture of lenses. 
 
 10. To provide for a considerable supporting rev- 
 enue by the careful conduct of those lines of busi- 
 ness which are naturally closely allied to medical 
 work, such as manufacturing and wholesale phar- 
 macy, optical manufacturing and sales department, etc. 
 
 PYENG YANG— 
 
 Medical work begun 
 “Caroline A. Ladd Hospital” 
 
 25 beds. 
 
 Hospital was given by the late Mrs. Wm. S. Ladd, 
 who was President of the North Pacific Board of 
 Missions for twenty-one years. 
 
 101 
 
 1895 
 
 1906 
 
Waiting Room and Chapel, “Caroline A. Ladd Hospital”, Pyeng Yang 
 
 This hospital is called by the natives the “Jesus Doc- 
 trine Hospital”. 
 
 Mr. W. AI. Ladd, of Portland, has made a yearly 
 
 gift of $250 for charity beds. 
 
 FUSAN — Medical work begun 1891 
 
 “Junkin Memorial Hospital” 1900 
 
 25 beds. 
 
 “Mary Collins Whiting Dispensary” 1900 
 
 Dispensary was begun in 1892 
 
 Small hospital 1893 
 
 Leper Asylum. 
 
 The Leper Asylum near Fusan, Korea 
 102 
 

 Syen-Chun Hospital 
 
 SVEN CHUN— 
 
 Work begun 
 Dispensary built 
 Hospital 
 16 beds. 
 
 Medical students under instruction. 
 
 The hospital building was the gift of California 
 Young People’s Societies. 
 
 TAIKU— 
 
 Work begun 
 Hospital, 25 beds. 
 
 Dispensary. 
 
 CHAI RYONG— 
 
 Work begun 
 Hospital 
 12 beds. 
 
 1 Dispensary. 
 
 Hospital was gift of Madison Avenue Presbyterian 
 Church, New York City. 
 
 CHONG JU— 
 
 Dispensary — work begun 
 “Duncan Memorial Hospital’’ 
 
 20 beds. 
 
 Hospital gift of Mrs. John P. Duncan, of New York. 
 
 AN DONG— 
 
 Medical work begun 
 Dispensary. 
 
 “Cornelius Baker Memorial Hospital’’ (in pro- 
 cess of erection). 
 
 Given by Mrs. A. F. Schauffler, New York City, in 
 memory of her father. 
 
 1901 
 
 1905 
 
 1906 
 
 1898 
 
 1906 
 
 1907 
 
 1907 
 
 1910 
 
 1911 
 
 103 
 
“Duncan Hospital”, Chong Ju 
 
 KANG KAI~ 
 
 Medical work opened 1909 
 
 Hospital 1911 
 
 30 beds. 
 
 1 Dispensary. 
 
 Hospital given by the late Mr. John S. Kennedy, of 
 New York City. 
 
 E. PERSIA: 
 
 TEHERAN— 
 
 Medical work opened 1881 
 
 Hospital for Men and Women 1892 
 
 2 Dispensaries. 
 
 Land for Hospital given by Prime Minister. Woman’s 
 Ward given by mother of a nobleman. 
 
 Several classes of physicians have been educated here. 
 
 HAMADAN— 
 
 2 Dispensaries 1881 
 
 “Lilv Reid Holt Memorial Hospital for Men” 1907 
 
 2o beds. 
 
 “Whipple Memorial Hospital for Women” 1902 
 
 8 beds. 
 
 The “Lily Reid Holt Memorial Hospital” result of 
 gifts through Mrs. Simon Reid, Lake Forest, 111. 
 
 104 
 
Hospital at Teheran, Persia 
 
“Lily Reid Memorial Hospital” 
 
The “Whipple Memorial Hospital” in Memory of 
 Mr. W. L. Whipple, missionary in Hamaclan from 
 1872-79 and 1899-1901. Funds collected by his widow. 
 
 Operating Room, Teheran Hospital 
 
 RESET— 
 
 Medical work opened 1905 
 
 Dispensary. 
 
 Hospital 1909 
 
 7 beds. 
 
 Branch dispensary and drug room in Lahijan, 30 miles 
 east of Resht. 
 
 Room in Hospital, Resht, Persia 
 
 107 
 
Hospital patients, Resht, Persia 
 
 KASriN— 
 
 Medical work begun 
 Dispensary. 
 
 Patients of Kasvin Dispensary, Persia 
 
 KERMANSHAH— 
 
 Opened as a Station in 
 
 Dispensary carried on in private liouse. 
 
 W. PERSIA: 
 
 URUMIA— 
 
 Medical work begun 
 Dispensary. 
 
 “Westminster Hospital” 
 
 100 beds. 
 
 “Howard Annex for Women” 
 
 The central building of the Westminster Hospital 
 given by Mr. S. M. Clements, of Buffalo, in memory 
 
 108 
 
 1902 
 
 ■ 1911 
 
 1835 
 
 1880 
 
 1890 
 
One of the wards, Westminster Hospital, Urumia, Persia 
 
 of Dr. Joseph P. Cochran, for twenty-seven years a 
 medical missionary at Urumia. 
 
 TABRIZ— 
 
 Medical work begun 1873 
 
 *“ Whipple Hospital for Women” 1901 
 
 12 beds. 
 
 Dispensary for Men. 
 
 Dispensary for Women. 
 
 Hospital named for Rev. W. I.. Whipple, who left 
 the field in 1901 and who, on leaving, gave his resi- 
 dence for a hospital for women. 
 
 *Not in operation at present. 
 
 Men’s Hospital, Tabriz 
 109 
 
Whipple Hospital for Women, Tabriz 
 
 PHILIPPINES; 
 
 ILOILO— 
 
 Medical work begun 1899 
 
 ‘‘Sabine Haines Memorial Hospital” 1905 
 
 65 beds. 
 
 1 Dispensary. 
 
 Nurses’ Training School. 
 
 Hospital named in memory of the son of Mr. and 
 Mrs. Charles D. Haines, of New York. This is a 
 Union Hospital with the Baptists. 52 of the 65 beds 
 are for the poor. 
 
 Concrete ward for women given by Mr. and Mrs. 
 Dunwoody, of Minneapolis. 
 
 The first hospital to be opened in the Islands for the 
 care of the poor. 
 
 Training School graduated the first nurses trained in 
 the Philippine Islands. 
 
 Iloilo Hospital, Dunwoody Annex 
 
 110 
 
Hospital Dispensary, Iloilo 
 
Group of patients, Mission Hospital, Dumaguete 
 
DUMAGUETE— 
 
 Medical work begun 
 
 Hospital 
 
 40 beds. 
 
 Dispensary. 
 
 Ice plant for hospital given as a memorial to Wil- 
 lard Hubbell, son of Mr. and Mrs. Clarence W. Hub- 
 bell, director of Public Works for the Philippines, by 
 ]\Irs. George R. Clark, of Detroit, Mich. 
 
 LEYTE— 
 
 Hospital 
 
 Dispensary. 
 
 TAGBILARAN— 
 
 IMedical work opened in 
 Hospital. 
 
 Dispensary. 
 
 1901 
 
 1903 
 
 1907 
 
 1909 
 
 Chapel and Hospital, Tagbilaran 
 
 BOHOL— 
 
 Work opened 1909 
 
 Hospital. 
 
 20 beds. 
 
 Built from Kennedy Fund. 
 
 LAGUNA— 
 
 Medical work begun 1907 
 
 Dispensary. 
 
 Large medical work carried on in out-patient visits. 
 
 Work among the Lepers at the Government Leper 
 Colony on the Island of Culion in charge of a Fil- 
 ipino evangelist. 
 
 113 
 
Dispensary, Tagbilaran 
 
 SIAM; 
 
 BANGKOK— 
 
 Medical work begun 
 Hospital 
 40 beds. 
 
 Dispensary. 
 
 Hospital — The building now occupied by hospital 
 and dispensary has been loaned during his lifetime by 
 the Vice-minister of the Department of Foreign 
 Affairs who became interested in the work being done 
 
 1887 
 
 1909 
 
 Bangkok Hospital 
 
 114 
 
by the physician in charge. The building, originally 
 a tenement house, has been transformed into a two- 
 story hospital with five wards accommodating 40 
 patients. 
 
 In offering the use of the building the Vice-Minister 
 made the following conditions : 
 
 1. “That charitable medical work shall always be done 
 in the hospital. 
 
 2. “That the hospital shall not become a money-mak- 
 ing institution, nor be diverted in any way from medi- 
 cal missionary work, but fees shall be charged to 
 those who are able to pay and donations may be re- 
 ceived to provide for the expenses of the hospital 
 and upkeep of the rooms of the hospital in repairs 
 both in and out. 
 
 3. “That the Mission shall permanently provide a 
 medical missionary who shall have charge of the hos- 
 pital, including such religious exercises he may see fit, 
 but during the absence on furlough of such medical 
 missionary, if the Mission should find that no suitable 
 medical missionary were available for this work, I 
 consent to have the hospital closed after suitable 
 notice until his return, with the understanding that it 
 will then be opened. 
 
 4. “That in case the Mission should fail to carry out 
 these conditions, or for any other reason should be 
 obliged to abandon this hospital work at any time, the 
 building shall revert thereby to my use and control. 
 It is my intention to include in this offer other rooms 
 of this row of buildings as the needs and growth of 
 the work may demand, and this offer shall remain in 
 force as long as the Mission fulfills the above condi- 
 tions. I request that you make known this offer to 
 your Board in New York, with whatever recommenda- 
 tion your Mission may see fit to make and with my 
 assurance that the hospital will remain wholly under 
 the control of the Siam Mission.” 
 
 The operating-room outfit was contributed by the 
 First Church of Oak Park, 111. 
 
 PETCHABURI— 
 
 Medical work begun 
 Hospital, 33 beds. 
 
 Dispensary. 
 
 The King of Siam, in 1888, gave $3,400 toward the 
 enlargement to the Hospital to show his appreciation 
 of the work. 
 
 Ward for women, given by Queen of Siam. 
 
 First Church, Pittsburgh, gave equipment for oper- 
 ating-room. 
 
 1861 
 
 1895 
 
 115 
 
RATE UR I— 
 
 Medical work beeun 
 • ^ 
 
 Dispensary 
 
 Hospital 
 10 beds. 
 
 Laud and hospital buildings occupied rent free on 
 condition that school and medical work shall be main- 
 tained. Given by Government. Native physician in 
 charge. 
 
 PITSANULOKE— 
 
 Medical work begun 
 Hospital 
 21 beds. 
 
 2 Dispensaries 
 
 Branch Dispensary and preaching place in mar- 
 ket 
 
 A small hospital of 14 beds was built in 1890, but the 
 present building was not completed finally until 1908 
 when a new ward and operating room were added. 
 The Hospital was given by the High Commissioner 
 of the region as a memorial to his mother. 
 
 NAKAIVN— 
 
 Medical work begun in 
 Dispensary. 
 
 “Sri Tamarat Hospital” (Memorial) 
 
 40 beds. 
 
 Land for Hospital given by Government on payment 
 of nominal fee; hospital erected largely by gifts from 
 Siamese friends. Beds are nearly all memorial, given 
 by Siamese nobles. Waterworks, kitchen and dining 
 room given by King when he was Crown Prince. 
 
 1889 
 
 1889 
 
 1896 
 
 1899 
 
 1908 
 
 1899 
 
 1909 
 
 1883 
 
 1907 
 
 Administration Building, Sri Tamarat Hospital 
 116 
 
Hospital and Doctor’s House, Tap Teang 
 
Dispensary, Sri Tamarat Hospital 
 
 TAP TEANG— 
 
 Hospital 1911 
 
 28 beds. 
 
 1 Dispensary. 
 
 Given by the High Commissioner of Puket Province 
 in gratitude for his recovery from a serious illness. He 
 was treated by a missionary of the Board. 
 
 LAOS; 
 
 CHIENG MAI— 
 
 Medical work begun by Dr. McGilvary 
 Plospital 
 12 beds. 
 
 18G7 
 
 1887 
 
 Chieng Mai Leper Asylum 
 118 
 
Dispensary 1875 
 
 Leper Asylum, 32 inmates ; 49 patients under 
 care of Asylum. 
 
 Land for the Leper Asylum given by a son of the 
 last King of Laos. Asylum located on an island in 
 the Me Ling River. 
 
 Lepers at Chieng Mai 
 
 The ground for the Hospital rvas given by a brother 
 of the King several years before the Hospital build- 
 ing was erected, with the provision that it be used for 
 missionary purposes only. The donor himself was a 
 Buddhist. 
 
 LAKAWN— 
 
 Medical work begun 1885 
 
 Hospital given by the Governor of the Province 1892 
 16 beds. 
 
 “Van Santvoord Memorial Hospital” 1904 
 
 Ward for Women and Children added 1906 
 
 2 Dispensaries. 
 
 25 beds in all. 
 
 Memorial Ward given by Miss Van Santvoord and 
 Mrs. Wilton Merle Smith, New York City. 
 
 Another ward given by five men of Lakawn, headed 
 by the Governor’s brother. One of the men gave 
 teak logs for the work and assisted in the erection to 
 show his gratitude for the care of his wife and son 
 in the hospital. 
 
 NAN— . 
 
 Medical work begun 
 
 Hospital 
 
 Dispensary 
 
 119 
 
 1883 
 
 1900 
 
 1895 
 
CHIENG RAI— 
 
 Medical work begun 1897 
 
 “Overbrook Memorial Hospital” 1911 
 
 44 beds. 
 
 Dispensary. 
 
 20 Branch Dispensaries. 
 
 Hospital given in memoriam by family of Mr. John 
 B. Gest, of Philadelphia. Furnished and equipped 
 by Mr. John M. Gest. 
 
 PRE— 
 
 1 Hospital. 
 
 1 Dispensary. 
 
 SYRIA; 
 
 BEIRUT— 
 
 Medical work begun 18G3 
 
 No medical work under care of the Presbyterian 
 Board, owing to the presence of the Johanniter Hos- 
 pital in this city, supported by the German order of 
 the Knights of St. John, and cared for by the medi- 
 cal staff of the Syrian Protestant College. 
 
 JUNIEH — 15 miles across the Bay from Beirut. 
 
 2 Dispensaries. 
 
 1 Hospital 1903 
 
 30 beds. 
 
 Tuberculosis Sanitorium 1908 
 
 TRIPOLI— 
 
 Medical work begun 1863 
 
 2 Dispensaries. 
 
 “Kennedy Memorial Hospital”. 
 
 40 beds. 
 
 Medical work for women under care of woman 
 physician, begun 1908 
 
 Tripoli Hospital 
 120 
 
The printed labels with Arabic on the Margin are 
 used on bottles of medicine dispensed at the Hospital. 
 As the natives never take off a label on a bottle when 
 they wash it they have the texts constantly before 
 them when they use the bottle. We give a repro- 
 duction of one. 
 
 It is common to see bottles in daily use with a highly 
 colored label of “Beer”, “Cognac” and “Whisky” still 
 on ; but the hospital medicine bottle, with its label 
 on which are Bible texts, is a constant reminder of 
 the Word of God and will do the readers good, not 
 harm. 
 
 This is one of the labels pasted on the bottles of medi- 
 cine that is dispensed at the Presbyterian Mission Hos- 
 pital at Tripoli, Syria. 
 
 But if we walk in the light, as He is in the light, we 
 have fellowship one with another, and the blood of Jesus 
 Christ His Son cleanseth us from all sin. — 1st John 1:7. 
 
 And in none other is there salvation : for neither is 
 there any other name under heaven, that is given among 
 men, wherein we must be saved. — Acts 4 :12. 
 
 I create the fruit of the lips; Peace, peace, to him that 
 is far off, and to him that is near, saith Jehovah; and I 
 will heal him. — Isaiah 57 :19. 
 
 Bless Jehovah, O my soul, 
 
 And forget not all his benefits : 
 
 Who forgiveth all thine iniquities ; 
 
 Who healeth all thy diseases. — Psalms 10.3:2,3. 
 
 TOTAL OF HOSPITALS AND DISPENSARIES 
 
 Hospitals 
 
 Africa 3 
 
 China 29 
 
 India 8 
 
 Guatemala 1 
 
 Korea 10 
 
 Persia 6 
 
 Philippines 4 
 
 Siam 6 
 
 Laos 5 
 
 Syria 2 
 
 Dispensaries 
 
 6 
 
 34 
 
 21 
 
 7 
 
 10 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 26 
 
 4 
 
 74 120 
 
 Institutions for Blind and Deaf 3 
 
 Leper Asylums 6 
 
 Medical Schools and Colleges 3 
 
 Refuge for Insane 1 
 
 Training Schools for Nurses 4 
 
 Union Hospitals and Dispensaries 3 
 
 Union Medical Colleges 4 
 
 Union Schools for Nurses 2 
 
 121 
 
APPENDIX C. 
 
 Number of patients treated in Hospitals and Dispensaries for 
 ten years, ending April 1st, 1913: 
 
 Total treated 4,340,232 
 
 Total by countries : 
 
 Africa 77,329 
 
 China 1,524,467 
 
 Guatemala (3 years) 5,613 
 
 India 1,274,237 
 
 Korea 500,367 
 
 Philippines 116,397 
 
 Persia 363,573 
 
 Siam 140,019 
 
 Laos 216,185 
 
 Syria 122,045 
 
 Total 4,340,232 
 
 Total of grant by the Board for Medical work for ten years 
 ending April 1st, 1913, $261,584. 
 
 Total of amount raised on the field for medical work in the 
 same period, $450,114. 
 
 The amount appropriated by the Board does not include the 
 salaries of the medical missionaries, new property or repairs on old. 
 
 Cost per patient (not including missionaries’ salaries, or prop- 
 erty, which would approximately double it), 16 cents. 
 
APPENDIX D. 
 
 Partial list of diseases treated by the medical missionary in the various 
 countries where the Board carries on Medical Mission work; 
 
 AFRICA : 
 
 Dengue fever. 
 
 Eye-worm. 
 
 Hook-worm. 
 
 Leprosy. 
 
 Malaria. 
 
 Skin diseases of all kinds. 
 Sleeping sickness. 
 
 Smallpox. 
 
 Ulcers. 
 
 CHINA : 
 
 Beri-Beri. 
 
 Cholera — treated with saline in- 
 fusion. 
 
 Digestive troubles — especially in- 
 testinal parasites. 
 
 Diseases of the eye: 
 
 Cataracts. 
 
 Entropion — inturned eye- 
 lashes. 
 
 Trachoma. 
 
 Dropsy. 
 
 Dysentery. 
 
 Eistula in Ano — very common. 
 Gangrene — senile, etc. 
 
 Goitre. 
 
 Hook-worm. 
 
 Hydrophobia. 
 
 Insanity : 
 
 Epileptic. 
 
 Melancholia. 
 
 Paresis. 
 
 Paranoia. 
 
 Kala Azar. 
 
 Leprosy. 
 
 Lock-j aw. 
 
 Malaria. 
 
 Measles and other exanthemata. 
 Opium intoxication. 
 
 Plague — bubonic and pneumonic. 
 Rheumatism. 
 
 Scarlet fever. 
 
 Skin diseases — all forms. 
 Small-pox. 
 
 Spleno-megaly. 
 
 Syphilis — acquired and hereditary. 
 Tuberculosis in various forms — 
 one-third to one-half of all 
 cases. 
 
 Tumors. 
 
 Typhus fever. 
 
 Vesical calculus. 
 
 GUATEMALA- 
 
 Dysentery. 
 
 Enteritis. 
 
 Gastro-enteritis. 
 
 Intestinal parasites : 
 
 Hook-worm. 
 
 Tape-worm. 
 
 Measles. 
 
 Small-pox. 
 
 Whooping cough. 
 
 Stomach and intestinal troubles 
 prevalent. 
 
 INDIA : 
 
 Ankylostomiasis (Hook-worm 
 disease). 
 
 Beri-Beri. 
 
 Cataracts. 
 
 Cholera. 
 
 Dengue fever. 
 
 Dysentery. 
 
 Elephantiasis. 
 
 Guinea-worm. 
 
 Gynecological surgery. 
 
 Intestinal parasites. 
 
 Kala Azar. 
 
 Leprosy. 
 
 Liver abscess. 
 
 Malaria. 
 
 Mycetoma (Fungus foot). 
 
 Plague. 
 
 Relapsing fever. 
 
 Stone. 
 
 Tuberculosis. 
 
 Ulcers — stomach and duodenum. 
 
 KOREA : 
 
 Diseases of the Ear; 
 
 Mastoiditis. 
 
 Otitis — externa. 
 
 Otitis — media. 
 
 Rupture of membrane — by 
 violence. 
 
 Surditis. 
 
 Diseases of the Eye : 
 Astigmatism. 
 
 Blepharitis. 
 
 Cataract. 
 
 Chalzzion. 
 
 Conjunctivis. 
 
 Corneal Ulcer. 
 
 Dacrocystitis. 
 
 Entropion. 
 
 Hemeralopia. 
 
 Note. — In Shantung reported that one-third of all cases are tubercular, 
 one-third venereal, and other diseases claim other third. 
 
 Note. — In 1903 reported epidemics of “plague, cholera, dysentery, 
 measles, small-pox, catarrhal ophthalmia, influenza, dengue or remittent fever.” 
 
 123 
 
KOREA ; Continued 
 Hordeolum. 
 
 Hypopion. 
 
 Iritis. 
 
 Keratitis. 
 
 Leucoma — very common. 
 Pan-ophthalmitis — common. 
 Pythisis bulbi — common. 
 Pterygium. 
 
 Ptosis. 
 
 Staphyloma — common. 
 Trachoma — common. 
 Diseases of Nose: 
 
 Polypus. 
 
 Rhinitis — acute. 
 
 atrophic. 
 
 chronic. 
 
 Septal deviation. 
 
 Infectious diseases: 
 
 Cholera — rare. 
 
 Diphtheria. 
 
 Dysentery. 
 
 Erysipelas. 
 
 Malaria. 
 
 Measles. 
 
 Mumps. 
 
 Pertussis — “donkey cough". 
 Pyemia. 
 
 Rheumatism. 
 
 Tuberculosis. 
 
 Typhoid. 
 
 'I'yphus. 
 
 Variola. 
 
 Nervous diseases: 
 
 Brain abscess. 
 
 Cephalagia — anemic, com- 
 mon, ocular, specific. 
 Epilepsy — major, minor, 
 traumatic. 
 
 Edema. 
 
 Hemiplegia. 
 
 Hernia of the brain. 
 Insomnia. 
 
 Melancholia. 
 
 Meningitis. 
 
 Monoplegia. 
 
 Neurasthenia. 
 
 Paralysis. 
 
 Tic. 
 
 Torticollis. 
 
 Parasitic infections: 
 
 Ascaris lumbricoides. 
 
 Oxyuris vermicularis. 
 Paragonimns Westermani. 
 Tape-worm. 
 
 Other diseases: 
 
 Abscesses — galore. 
 
 Acne. 
 
 Adenoids. 
 
 Anal fissure. 
 
 Anal prolapse. 
 
 Angina (Vincent’s) — com- 
 mon. 
 
 Aphthae. 
 
 Arthritis. 
 
 Arterio-palpitatio. 
 
 Arterio-sclerosis. 
 
 Boils. 
 
 Bronchitis, acute and chronic 
 — common. 
 Broncho-pneumonia. 
 
 Cancrum oris. 
 
 Cancer. 
 
 Carbuncles. 
 
 Carcinoma. 
 
 Catarrhus — acute gastric. 
 Cellutitis. 
 
 Congestion of the lungs. 
 Condylomata. 
 
 Dental caries. 
 
 Dermatitis. 
 
 Eczema. 
 
 Empyema. 
 
 Endometritis. 
 
 Enteroptopsis — common. 
 Espohago — stenosis. 
 Epidiymitis. 
 
 Fistula in Ano. 
 
 Gall stone. 
 
 Ganglion. 
 
 Gangrene. 
 
 Gastrecrasis. 
 
 Gastroptosis. 
 
 Gastro-intestinal. 
 
 Gonorrhea — common. 
 Hematuria. 
 
 Hemorrhoids. 
 
 Hemoptysis. 
 
 Hepatic cirrhodid. 
 
 Hernia. 
 
 Herpes. 
 
 Hydrocele. 
 
 Hypertrophied tonsils. 
 
 Icterus. 
 
 Impetigo. 
 
 Ischio-rectal abscess. 
 
 Jaundice. 
 
 Keloid. 
 
 Kidney diseases. 
 
 Laryngitis. 
 
 Liver abscess. 
 
 Lupus Erythematisis. 
 Lymphadenitis. 
 
 Malaria. 
 
 Mastitis. 
 
 Mitral insufficiency. 
 
 Myalgia. 
 
 Nephritis. 
 
 Onychia. 
 
 Orchitis. 
 
 Osteomyelitis. 
 
 Pediculosis pernio. 
 
 Peritonitis. 
 
 Pes planus. 
 
 Pharyngitis. 
 
 Phimosis. 
 
 Phlegmon of hand. 
 
 Proctitis. 
 
 Psoriasis. 
 
 124 
 
KOREA : Continued 
 Scabies. 
 
 Small-pox. 
 
 Stomatitis. 
 
 Synovitis. 
 
 Syphilis — common. 
 
 Thecitis. 
 
 Urinary fistula. 
 
 Urinary retention. 
 
 Urinary suppression. 
 
 Vitiligo. 
 
 PHILIPPINES : 
 
 Abscess of liver. 
 
 Accidents of pregnancy. 
 Affections of the bones. 
 Alcoholism. 
 
 Amputations. 
 
 Anemia. 
 
 Aneurism. 
 
 Agina pectoris. 
 
 Apoplexy. 
 
 Asiatic cholera. 
 
 Asthma. 
 
 Atheroma. 
 
 Beri-Beri. 
 
 Bronchitis. 
 
 Broncho pneumonia. 
 
 Cataracts. 
 
 Cerebral congestion and hemor- 
 rhage. 
 
 Cirrhosis of liver. 
 
 Congenital malformation. 
 Convulsions of children. 
 
 Dengue. 
 
 Diabetes. 
 
 Diarrhea. 
 
 Diseases of the eye and ear. 
 Diseases of the joints. 
 
 Diseases of the skin. 
 
 Dislocations. 
 
 Dropsy. 
 
 Dysentery. 
 
 Eclampsia. 
 
 Elephantiasis. 
 
 Encephalitis. 
 
 Endocarditis. 
 
 Enteritis. 
 
 Epilepsy. 
 
 Erysipelas. 
 
 Fractures. 
 
 Gangrene. 
 
 Goiter. 
 
 Gynecological cases. 
 Hemorrhages. 
 
 Hemorrhoids. 
 
 Hernia. 
 
 Intermittent fever. 
 
 Intestinal parasites. 
 
 Lepros3^ 
 
 Locomotor ataxia. 
 
 Malarial cachexia. 
 
 Malignant tumors. 
 
 Measles. 
 
 Meningitis. 
 
 Nephritis. 
 
 Pericarditis. 
 
 Phlebitis. 
 
 Plague. 
 
 Pleurisy. 
 
 Pneumonia. 
 
 Potts’ disease. 
 
 Puerperal hemorrhage. 
 Puerperal septicaemia. 
 Rabies. 
 
 Rheumatism. 
 
 Pulmonary emphysema. 
 Septicaemia. 
 
 Small-pox. 
 
 Sprue. 
 
 Tetanus. 
 
 Tropical ulcers. 
 
 Tuberculosis. 
 
 Typhoid fever. 
 
 Varices. 
 
 Venereal diseases. 
 
 Whooping cough. 
 
 SIAM : 
 
 Abscess — • 
 
 Antrum. 
 
 *Breast. 
 
 Hip — tubercular hip. 
 Kidney. 
 
 Rib. 
 
 Rectal. 
 
 Addison’s disease. 
 
 Adentitis — all forms. 
 Adenoids. 
 
 Amputations. 
 
 Anemia — pernicious, splenic. 
 Ankylosis — various joints. 
 Aortic insufficiency. 
 
 Arthritis — many varieties. 
 Ascitis. 
 
 Asthma. 
 
 Auto-intoxication. 
 
 *Beri-Beri. 
 
 Bright’s disease. 
 
 Bronchitis. 
 
 *CaIculus — vesical. 
 
 Carbuncle. 
 
 Carcinoma (cancer). 
 *Cataract. 
 
 *Cholera. 
 
 Chorea — St. Vitus’ dance. 
 Cleft palate. 
 
 Conjunctivitis. 
 
 Constipation. 
 
 Corneal ulcer. 
 
 Cysts — dermoid, ovarian. 
 Cystitis. 
 
 Cystocele. 
 
 *Dengue fever. 
 
 Dermatitis. 
 
 Deformities — various forms. 
 Diabetes. 
 
 Dislocations. 
 
 tEspecially prevalent. 
 
 125 
 
 Found in part of Laos only. 
 
S/AM\ Conti nued 
 *Dysentery. 
 
 Eczema 
 
 *Elephantiasis. 
 
 Entropion. 
 
 Epilepsy. 
 
 Fistula — ano, recto-vaginal. 
 Floating kidney. 
 
 Fractures. 
 
 Gangrene. 
 
 Gastritis. 
 
 Glaucoma. 
 
 *Goitre — exophthalmic, hyperthy- 
 roid, hypothyroid. 
 
 Gonorrhea. 
 
 Gumma. 
 
 Hare lip. 
 
 Heat exhaustion. 
 
 Hemorrhage — lung. 
 
 Hemorrhoids. 
 
 Hernia. 
 
 Hydrocele. 
 
 Intestinal obstruction. 
 
 ♦Iritis. 
 
 Jaundice. 
 
 Keratitis. 
 
 Labor cases — instrument. 
 
 Leprosy. 
 
 ♦Malaria. 
 
 tMalaria — malignant. 
 
 Middle ear — diseases. 
 
 Mumps. 
 
 Neuralgia — facial. 
 
 Ophthalmia — neonatorium. 
 
 Opium habit. 
 
 Paralysis. 
 
 Peritonitis. 
 
 Phimosis. 
 
 Phlebitis. 
 
 ♦Plague. 
 
 Pleurisy. 
 
 Poisoning — anemic, croton oil, 
 cystocele, iris, rectum. 
 
 Pruritis ani. 
 
 ♦Pterygium. 
 
 Ptosis. 
 
 ♦Rachitis. 
 
 Sarcoma. 
 
 Sepsis. 
 
 Sinus (rib). 
 
 Skin diseases — all kinds. 
 ♦Small-pox. 
 
 Squint. 
 
 Staphyloma. 
 
 Stomatitis. 
 
 Strabismus. 
 
 Stone in ureter. 
 
 ♦Stone in bladder. 
 
 Sun fever. 
 
 Syphilis — all stages. 
 
 Tabes dorsalis. 
 
 Titanus. 
 
 Tonsilitis. 
 
 Trachoma. 
 
 Tropical liver. 
 
 Tuberculosis. 
 
 Typhoid fever. 
 
 ♦Ulcers — many kinds. 
 
 Ulcers — tropical. 
 
 Uremia. 
 
 Vaginitis. 
 
 Varicose veins. 
 
 Vulvo vaginal abscess. 
 
 Whooping cough. 
 
 ♦Wounds — knife, bullet, stab, 
 gored, tiger bite, sword fish 
 bite, snake bite. 
 
 ♦Yaws. 
 
 ♦Worms — intestinal. 
 
 LAOS: 
 
 Acute eye affections. 
 
 Appendicitis. 
 
 Cataract. 
 
 Constitutional affections conse- 
 quent in malarial fever. 
 Dysentery and other intestinal 
 affections. 
 
 Fractures from falls. 
 
 Liver and kidney affections. 
 Malarial fever— very prevalent — 
 commonly fatal with children. 
 Pneumonia and such kindred 
 diseases. 
 
 Skin diseases. 
 
 Small-pox. 
 
 Stone in the bladder. 
 Tuberculosis. 
 
 Typhoid fever. 
 
 Wounds from knives and swords, 
 and goring by the buffalo and 
 elephant. 
 
 SYRIA : 
 
 Contagious diseases ; 
 
 Cholera — Asiatic— occasion- 
 ally. 
 
 Diphtheria — occasionally — 
 very severe. 
 
 Mumps. 
 
 Plague — bubonic — occasion- 
 ally. 
 
 Rubeola, measles — very com- 
 mon. 
 
 Scarlatina — rare. 
 
 Small-pox, confluent — com- 
 mon. 
 
 Whooping cough— very com- 
 mon. 
 
 Infectious diseases : 
 
 Dysentery — very common. 
 Fevers : 
 
 Dengue or breakbone. 
 Malta fever — gastro-re- 
 mittent. 
 
 Peri-typhoid, mild and 
 severe— common. 
 
 *Found in part of Laos only. 
 
 126 
 
 tEspecially prevalent. 
 
SYRIA ; Continued 
 
 Typhoid — enteric. 
 
 Typhus. 
 
 Leprosy. 
 
 Malaria. 
 
 Ophthalmia — causing 
 Entropion. 
 
 Granular lids. 
 
 Trichiasis. 
 
 And many diseases at- 
 tacking globe of eye. 
 
 Septicaemia — blood poison. 
 
 Tuberculosis in all its forms. 
 
 Parasites within the body : 
 
 Bidharzia — a dreadful dis- 
 ease common in some 
 parts of Syria. 
 
 Distoma hapalicand — liver 
 fluke — • also known as 
 “Liver rot,” caused by eat- 
 ing diseased sheep’s livers. 
 
 Guinea-worm. 
 
 Pellagra. 
 
 Phagedaerie — devouring sore 
 or perforating ulcer. 
 
 Round worm. 
 
 Sleeping siekness. 
 
 Taenia Echinococeus (hydi- 
 did cyst). 
 
 Parasites without the body : 
 
 Aleppo button — Delhi sore. 
 
 Anthrax — common in sum- 
 mer, usually fatal. 
 
 Calculi — urinary — biliary. 
 
 Cancer. 
 
 Cataract — senile and trau- 
 matic. 
 
 Elephantiasis. 
 
 Glaucoma. 
 
 Pernicious anemia. 
 
 Rheumatism. 
 
 Scabes — itch. 
 
 Skin diseases in all forms, 
 common and rare. 
 
 127 
 
DATE DUE 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Lv 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 GAYLORD 
 
 
 
 PRINTED IN U. 5. A.