V7A 
 
 
 >^? -rniT-KTri-nrnAUT TVT T 'V'* 
 
 PRINCETON, N. J. 
 
 Collection of Puritan Literature. 
 
 Division .... S *T!^ ""^— - 
 
 Section [ f >■? —^ 
 
 Number 
 
 f 
 
Digitized by the Internet Archive 
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 Bp. PARKERs 
 
 H I STO R Y 
 
 O F 
 
 His Own Time 
 
I 
 
 BISHOP PARKER'S 
 
 HISTORY 
 Of His Own Time. 
 
 IN FOUR BOOKS. 
 
 Faithfully Tranflated from the Latin Original, 
 
 fy THOMAS NEfVLJN, M.A. 
 
 Vicar of Beeding in SuJ/ex, and late Fellow 
 of Magdalen College in Oxford. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 Printed for Charles Rivington at the 
 Bible and Crown in St. Paul's Church-yard. 
 
 M. DCr, XXVII- 
 
( ' ) 
 Bp. PARKEKs 
 
 H I STO R Y 
 
 O F 
 
 His Own Time, 
 
 In FOUR BOOKS. 
 BOOK- L 
 
 WHEN Charles the fecond was i<56o» 
 rcturn'd to the kingdoms of 
 his anceltors, to the great joy 
 of aimoft all his fubje&s, we hop'd for 
 a golden and better than Satnrnian age > 
 and every one promifed himfeif that the 
 Throne would be cftablifh'd to all ages, 
 and the peace of the Church reftor'd for 
 ever, and the perfed tranquillity of the 
 B Nation 
 
* 
 
 Br. Park e r's History 
 
 Nation would continue at lead for fc~ 
 vcral generations. For all the dates of 
 the kingdom vied with one another, to 
 enlarge the King's authority, to guard a- 
 gainft all the fubterfuges and ftrong holds 
 of rebellion, to abjure, and require all 
 the people to abjure and renounce the 
 Solemn League and Covenant, the bond 
 and cement of the Presbyterian war. 
 All the cuftoms and duties upon foreign 
 and domeftick goods (from whence for- 
 mer rebellions fprung) were given to the 
 King during life, by acT: of Parliament ; 
 the whole power of the militia was 
 veiled in the King alone, and the Church 
 was reinftated in the fullncfs of its an- 
 cient jurifdiction. And laftly, all true 
 loyalifts rejoie'd that they had at length 
 cfcap'dfrom the calamities of war, from 
 forfeitures and fcqucftrations, and even 
 from death itfelf : and the very Fana- 
 ticks themfelves were tranfportcd with 
 unexpected joy, becaufe they were per- 
 mitted to live. What Throne could be 
 more firmly cftabliflVd, than that of a 
 King that was reftor'd with fo great joy 
 2, of 
 
• ••> 
 
 Of his own Time* $' 
 
 of his fubjc&s from a rebellion that 
 was frefh in their memory > What Em- 
 pire could be more free from the dan- 
 ger of civil, or rather of rebellious wars, 
 (for there can be no war between the 
 people of the fame kingdom, wherein 
 thofe that are againft the King arc not 
 rebels to a man) than that of a King, 
 upon whom all the flates of the king- 
 dom, and cfpccially thofe who had con- 
 tended with his Father for the fupreme 
 power, endeavourd to heap all autho- 
 rity and power? Moreover, when the 
 King himfelfhad, with clemency aimed: 
 unheard of, oblig'd his enemies, and 
 bound them to him by an act of in- 
 demnity ; when the people had too long 
 felt all the mifcries of rebellion ; when 
 there were neither pretences, nor leaders, 
 nor followers (as we imagin'd) to raife 
 feditions and tumults, what could we 
 hope for, but almoit an heavenly king- 
 dom ? Efpecially when capital punifli- 
 ment being inflicted upon the unnatu- 
 ral murderers of the beft of Kings (tho* 
 even of them as many were fpar'd, as 
 B 2 repenting 
 
Bp. Parker's History 
 
 repenting of their guilt furrendred them- 
 felves to the King's mercy) all the reft 
 were permitted to enter into one fo- 
 cicty, or (as there ought to be between 
 country-men and fellow-citizens ) into 
 one league of friendfhip. And that all 
 fear and fufpicion might be remov'd , 
 every one's honour and property was 
 confirmed by Law. And that the en- 
 tire remembrance of pafl animofities 
 might be blotted out by eternal oblivion, 
 the loyal fubjefts were ftri&ly forbidden 
 to upbraid the guilty with their for- 
 mer wickednefs. And to give the re- 
 bels greater affix rancc of fafety, not a 
 few of them were received into the 
 King's favour, into the higheft offices 
 of the Court, and the Kingdom, and 
 even into the Privy Council. 
 
 But fo ungrateful is the temper of 
 rebels, that they return injuries for kind- 
 neffes, and like ferpents fting and poi- 
 fon thofe that refrefh them. For when 
 they perceiv'd themfelves reviving in the 
 King's bofom, when they found that all 
 their crimes were blotted out for ever, 
 3 by 
 
Of his own Time. 
 
 by the Aft of Oblivion, and all their 
 pofleflions and riches gotten by the war, 
 (which juft before they would gladly 
 have given up , provided they might 
 have liv'd upon any terms,) were now 
 granted to them, as if they were the 
 rewards of their rebellion 5 they were 
 prefently fo bafe and malevolent, as to 
 difperfe their poifons thro' the kingdom, 
 and dart their flings into the very bo- 
 fom of the King. And tho' for a long 
 time they could avail nothing, yet there 
 was no difappointment of their labours 
 (how great foever) which could deter 
 thefe wicked men from their unnatural 
 endeavours againft their country. And 
 ibme that were but too happy, rag d with 
 fuch extravagant madnefs, that they car'd 
 not, tho* their own houfes perifh'd in 
 the flames, if they could but kindle a 
 general conflagration. 
 
 But of thefe hereafter. There were 
 others, who being ftripp'd of all their 
 fortunes, which they had gotten by re- 
 bellion and facrilcge, hop'd that they 
 fhould trover their antient honour, if 
 B 3 they 
 
Bp. Parkers History 
 
 thcv could again overturn the kingdom* 
 There were four forts of thefe men, 
 the disbanded officers of Cromwell's ar- 
 my , the bufy holders - forth of fedi- 
 tlon, the members of the late Rump 
 Parliament , and laftly, all facrilegious 
 pcribns , who had loft the plundered 
 revenues of the Church and the Crown. 
 Thefe immediately entrcd into a fepa- 
 ratc combination oppofite to kingly go- 
 vernment, by a (beret correfpondencc 
 with each other. To carry on the intercft 
 of this confederacy, they held a great 
 affembly at London, made up of a con- 
 courfe of all thefe different forts, which 
 governed their inferior meetings in coun- 
 try towns and villages. By which cor- 
 refpondencc, if they had gaind nothing 
 clfe, they certainly compafs'd this main 
 point, that they kept up a drift alli- 
 ance between their feveral factions. 
 And they were fo compacted, and as it 
 were glew'd together, that they feem'd 
 to be not only united as partners and 
 accomplices in the fame conspiracy , 
 but as members of one family. And 
 
 they 
 
Of his own Time. 
 
 they convcrs'd in their own country, 
 like ftrangcrs, as the Jews that arc ex- 
 iles in every part of the world , and 
 incorporated with none. They would 
 allow of no focicty with the reft of the 
 kingdom, no friendfhips, no intermar- 
 riages, no commerce but with them- 
 felvcs. No men nor maid-fervants 
 were admitted into their families, un- 
 lcfs they would ftipulate and bind them- 
 felvcs in the fame holy bond. By this 
 not only the old veteran rebels kept 
 their ground, but their fa&ion every 
 where increased with a large accellion 
 of profelytcs. And there was yet a 
 more fecret committee that prcfidcd over 
 their affairs. This confided of about 
 fixty officers of Cromwell's army, who 
 had their weekly cabals at London, and 
 ftil'd themfclves the chief Council of 
 the Nation, and therefore call'd each 
 other by mutual names of affinity, af- 
 ter the manner of the King, who calls 
 his Nobility of the Privy Council by 
 the name of Coufins. And they go- 
 vcrn'd the fcvcral provinces that were 
 B 4 under; 
 
8 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 ■ 
 
 under them with the fame authority, 
 as they had formerly goverrid their 
 commonwealth. By their command of- 
 ficers were fent forth into their provin- 
 ces to raifc foldiers ; and fpies difpatch'd 
 to get intelligence, and carry on a cor- 
 refpondence with fafety ; and feditious 
 preachers eftablifh'd in their proper fta- 
 tions. By which means it happen'd, 
 that they attempted nothing fcparately, 
 but whatever cnterprize was undertaken, 
 was done by order of their common 
 council. For tho' various confpiracies 
 broke out in different places, yet they 
 were all guided by thofc counfcls that 
 were dirfus'd and fpread through every 
 part of the King's dominions. All 
 which was afterwards plainly difcovcr'd, 
 by the teftimonics of their accompli- 
 ces dciivcr'd in open court, by the con- 
 feffions of perfons convicted, and by 
 intercepted letters. 
 
 The King had fcarcely rcfreflrd him- 
 felf after his long banifhment, when 
 they, giving neither him nor thcmfelves 
 any time to reft, began to raife the tide 
 
 of 
 
Of his own Time. 9 
 
 of a civil war on every fide. For where- 
 as he return'd but at the end of May, 
 they had every thing ready for war before 
 it was quite Midfummer. *The night 
 was appointed, in which they fhould feize 
 the towers of London and TVindfor, the 
 two ftrongeft defences of the King's 
 palace, and alfo rife in arms in the 
 weftcrn and northern counties. But when 
 all their defigns were daily difcovcr'd 
 to the King, he fcafonably took their 
 principal leaders into cuftody. Amongft 
 theft was Holmes a Colloncl, who, twen- 
 ty five years after, was taken in Mon- 
 mouth's rebellion, and executed in the 
 eightieth year of his age. Thefe con- 
 fefs'd and begg'd pardon for their faults 
 before the King, and difcovcr'd the ge- 
 neral confpiracy that was form'd to 
 turn the kingly government into a 
 commonwealth. And they who feem'd 
 to repent in carneft,admoninYd him to be- 
 ware of fudden rifings every day, telling 
 
 * See the Chancellor's fpeech to the Parliament 
 Dec. 29, 1660. 
 
 him 
 
io Bp. Parker's History 
 
 him that the fchifmaticks would never be 
 quiet 5 that as often as he cut off the heads 
 of one rebellion, others would prefent> 
 ly fpring forth, as long as the fanatical 
 Hydra furviv'd $ and they would never 
 want the will and inclination to rebel. 
 And to give them their due, they nei- 
 ther deceiv'd themfclves nor the Kins 
 in this prophecy 5 for they fow'd new 
 rebellions every year , and the King 
 reap'd a new harveft of rebels. 
 
 But the head, and even the dictator 
 of all conspiracies, was Ludlow ; who, 
 tho' driven into banilhmcnt, did yet 
 govern all their counfels. Neither did 
 they do any thing, but what he com- 
 manded : And this principally encrcas'd 
 the courage of the faction, that he pro- 
 mis'd to aiTift and fupport every rebel- 
 lion. For he was a brave and warlike 
 man, bold, and hot, not only a mur- 
 thcrcr of his King, but the moll inve- 
 terate enemy of the royal caufe : For 
 he had bound himfelf by oath, never 
 to make his peace with his King ; and 
 that he would not accept of it, if the King 
 
 would 
 
Of his own Time. n 
 
 would voluntarily offer him his pardon 
 and his favour, but would wage per- 
 petual war with all tyrants (for fo they 
 eall'd the royal line : ) And though he 
 fail'd in many, and great attempts, yet 
 he continued to raife new commotions. 
 Next to him was < Dan < vers y a notorious 
 Anabaptift in Cromwell's army, who 
 goes on even to this day, heaping one 
 villany upon another 5 and for a frefh 
 inftancc of trcafon juft now committed 
 in Monmouth's rebellion, is either fled, 
 or lurking in fecret places, to fave his 
 neck from the halter. 
 
 In the next year (which was 1661.) 1661, 
 the 25 th of Jan. broke out the mad- 
 nefs of Venner, a New-England Cooper, 
 at the head of a rabble of forty en- 
 thufiafts , which acofe and expir'd al- 
 moft the fame day , within the city 
 of London. I fhould have eall'd them 
 new monftcrs of fanaticifm, had not 
 Africa formerly brought forth its Cir- 
 cumcellions , and Germany in the laft 
 age fwarm'd with Anabaptifls. Thcfe 
 having fprung from the dregs of Crom- 
 
 welh 
 
ii Bp. Parker's History 
 
 well's rebellion, becaufe they had firft 
 appcar'd in war, believ'd thcmfelvcs to 
 be the very life-guard of King Jesus, 
 who would in fome time return to this 
 world, to raife a fifth monarchy ; and 
 that therefore he had commanded them 
 to prepare the way for him by (laugh- 
 ter and blood, and the deftru&ion of 
 the wicked $ and that he would not be 
 wanting to fecond their endeavours. 
 Hereupon the mad rabble rufh'd into 
 every kind of danger, neither did they 
 confider what they were able to do, but 
 attempted whatever they thought of. Be- 
 fore they had put on arms, which they did 
 in a fecret conventicle, Vertner made a 
 fernion, making ufe of this facrcd text, 
 One jhall chafe a-jaay ten, and ten fhall 
 put a thoufand to flight ; which fuccefs 
 he promis'd his followers, as a prophet 
 lent down from heaven. In the libel 
 in which they proclaimed the caufes of 
 the war, they laid, that their enemies 
 would not dare to touch the hairs of 
 their head 5 that they were chofen for 
 this lingular work of the Lord, and they 
 
 would 
 
Of his own Time. if 
 
 would never fheath their fwords till they 
 had made Babylon ( for fo they cali'd 
 Monarchy) an hijjmg and a curfe ; and 
 there fhould be none remaining, nor 
 Jon, nor grandfon among all its people. 
 And when they had led captivity cap- 
 tive in England, they would carry their 
 arms into foreign nations, France ', and 
 Spam, and Germany, and would call to- 
 gether their brethren thro' all countries, 
 to aflift them againfl: the IVhore : that 
 they would make no truce nor peace 
 with the monarchies, (for that was their 
 word) but would always rife againfl: the 
 carnal to poffefs the gate ', (therefore they 
 us'd the word gate as their watch- word,) 
 and to bind their Kings in chains, and 
 their Nobles in links of iron. With the fe 
 charms they were fo taken, that forty 
 villains doubted not but that they mould 
 cafily vanquifh, not only a great and po- 
 pulous city, but even the whole world ; 
 yet the fierceft of them died by the 
 (word, and the reft at the gallows. 
 
 Hitherto thefe were not wars, but pre- 
 ludes of war, or rather the tumults and 
 
 feditions 
 
14 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 feditions of a few hot-brain'd men that 
 could not be confmd within due bounds. 
 For the confpiracy was not lodg'd only 
 with thefe few mad enthufiafts , but 
 fpread over the whole nation ; neither 
 did a week pafs, as 'tis faid, in which a 
 plot againft the King s life was not dif- 
 covcr'd. Innumerable letters of fanaticks 
 of every faction and county were in- 
 tercepted, in which they exhorted one 
 another to do the work of the Lord di- 
 ligently. 
 
 In the county of T>evon, in a vault 
 dug in the houfe of one Tearfon, a noto- 
 rious villain amongft the fanaticks, a vaft 
 quantity of arms was found $ and ten- 
 ner had before gone round this part of 
 the kingdom. Two hundred letters 
 were alio feizd that were cntruftcd with 
 one of their mcfTengcrs, to be deliver d 
 to their brethren at London, promifing 
 the grcatcft zeal in their caufc. The 
 fame night in which Venner appear 'd 
 with his followers at London, it was 
 obicrv'd by the inhabitants of Lincoln- 
 shire, that the Anabaptifts rode about 
 
 that 
 
Op his own Time.' 15 
 
 that county, as if fomc important affair 
 was in agitation. And a Letter came 
 forth at the lame time written by a 
 certain Anabaptift nam'd Miilenex-, to 
 one of the family of the Quakers nam'd 
 JellicOy concerning a rebellion form'd 
 at ChcfieVy to this effe£t : " I wifh thee 
 u and thy friends well 5 we arc all well. 
 " See that thou be'ft faithful to thy 
 " friends. I tell thee we arc grown 
 cc to a great number, to at lcaft fix 
 " thoufand. I would have thec know 
 " this, that thou mayft impart it to the 
 tc reft of the brethren, that all of us may 
 " meet together with force and arms 
 " for the defence of the truth. We are 
 " to meet at Chefter the 24 th of the 
 " firft month {January). Take care that 
 " thou be'ft mindful of that day. Nci- 
 iC thcr do thou forget to be prcfent 
 " with thy brethren/' The Quaker (as 
 he ineenuoufly faid) being ft ruck with 
 this audacious wickednefs, difcovcr'd the 
 matter to the Mayor of Chefter, and 
 he to the Earl of 'Derby, who fending 
 for the pcrfon that difcovcr'd it, and 
 
 enquiring 
 
\6 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 enquiring many things concerning the 
 confpiracy, prcfently rais'd the militia 
 in Chefiire> and the County Palatine of 
 Lancafter, which his anceftors had go- 
 vern'd for feveral ages. And the mat- 
 ter being alfo communicated to the 
 Lieutenants of c DerbyJhire, Staffordjhire, 
 Shropfiire, We ft mor eland, Cumberland, 
 and the Weft Riding of Torkjbire, and 
 all their forces being therefore in a 
 readinefs, and Cromwell's officers being 
 every where fecur d, they entirely quell'd 
 the attempts of the fadion in that part 
 of the kingdom. But tho* this fire was 
 happily extinguiuYd, yet feveral fparks 
 of it broke out in different places. 
 Even Wales itfelf, that to this day had 
 been unaccuftom'd to rebellion, now 
 firft of all concciv'd fuch dreadful mon- 
 gers, and was aftoniftYd at the new and 
 unufual birth. But fifteen of the officers 
 of Cromwell's fa&ion being taken, fhe 
 has now freed her felf from fuch ftrange 
 prodigies. But altho' rebels in Wales, 
 like vipers in Ireland, are kill'd by the 
 very temper of the climate, yet in late 
 
 times 
 
Of his own Time. 17 
 
 times in our England they {pawn 
 almoft every month, even oftner than 
 toads, as if they fprung of themfclves, 
 or were begotten in the Presbyterian re- 
 bellion. For before the end of the 
 year, on the 23 d of Nov. a meeting of 
 veteran rebels was taken at London. 
 Amongft thefe the principal were dif- 
 banded officers of the army, Tecker, 
 Streater, Weilksy Gladman, Hems, Lit- 
 cotty Kenrick y and Ready famous names 
 amongft the CronrjuellianSy who being 
 feafonably confin'd, the confpiracy died 
 in the very birth, excepting that a little 
 after, John James, a famous preacher 
 amongft the Fanaticks, in his conventi- 
 cle which he held in White -Chap el- Street, 
 taught that the King, the Royal Family, 
 and even all the Nobility ought to be 
 kiirdj commended Venner and his fol- 
 lowers, as martyrs, and exhorted his 
 flock to expiate their blood by an im- 
 pious parricide : which being attefted by 
 a multitude of witneffes, he was hang'd. 
 But when they would not be at reft, 
 though many were daily put in prifon, all 
 
 C the 
 
18 Br. Parkers History 
 
 the officers that had been in Cromwell's 
 army were commanded to remove to 
 twenty miles diftance from London, and 
 not to appear with arms ; which unlefs 
 they did, they were to be punifh'd with 
 imprifonment : which was alfo order'd at 
 the fame time by the Privy Council of 
 Ireland, being urg'd by the fame reafons. 
 The eleventh day of 'Dec. the Houfe 
 of Commons in England deputed fome 
 of their members to wait on the King, 
 with complaints, that they had receiv'd 
 letters and meflages from almoft every 
 county (for fo we call our provinces) 
 concerning a great, or rather an univer- 
 fal conlpiracy againft the kingdom, and 
 to befecch him to defend the peace of 
 the kingdom, as mould feem beft to 
 his royal wifdom, againft all the attempts 
 Parlia- of the rebels. And it pleas'd the King 
 
 Journals. to rcturn an anfwer to his Parliament, 
 in which he friew'd them whence it arofe, 
 how it was difcover'd, and how it was 
 form'd : That there was a common con- 
 fpiracy of all the fadions ; that their 
 mod important affairs were manag'd for 
 
 that 
 
Of his own Time. 19 
 
 that time by a fecret Committee of 
 twenty one, three of whom were cho- 
 fen out of each of the fa&ions ; that 
 their affairs were now a little at a ftand, 
 becaufe he had confin'd fome of their 
 leaders, but in the mean time, the plot 
 was laid fo wide, that without their af- 
 fiftance he could hardly efcape the dan- 
 ger. And the Parliament, when Chrift- 
 mas was at hand, when they always ad- 
 journ for the holydays, being alarm'd 
 at the bafenefs of the confpiracy, ap- 
 pointed a Committee of both Houfes, 
 to lay open the whole villany, by the 
 mod plain and undoubted proofs. 
 
 In the beginning of the following 1662* 
 fpring they laid the whole ftate of the 
 matter before the Parliament ; that now 
 the confpirators were more clofely con- 
 fin'd, and many more taken, and amongft 
 thele the chief was Salmon one of Crom- 
 well's Colonels, who had drawn up a 
 lift of a hundred and fixty officers 5 
 that all of them met at London , the 
 tenth of the laft ^December, and refolv'd 
 with themfelves to feize many cities 
 
 C 2 and 
 
%o Bp. Parker's History 
 
 and towns, efpccially Shrewsbury, Co- 
 ventry ', and Briftol, before the end of 
 Jantiary-, that therefore the moft il- 
 luftrious Duke of Albemarle had fuffi- 
 cicntly fortified thefe places with garri- 
 fons out of his troops ; that they intend- 
 ed to begin their rebellion with a fud- 
 den maflacre \ that the fugitive regicides 
 Were at hand, upon the neighbouring 
 coafls of France and Holland, ready to 
 come over at a moment's warning - y that 
 the confpirators had openly boaftcd, that 
 if the affair was once fortunately begun, 
 they did not doubt of a happy iffuc 5 that 
 the difcovery of thefe things was made 
 to the King, by one of their Council 
 of twenty one $ and laftly, that feveral 
 tumults on all hands confirm'd the whole 
 matter. 
 
 Both Houfes being provok'd by this 
 fo great infolence of the rebels, pre- 
 lently obviated fo many and great evils 
 by four kinds of laws. Their firft 
 care was of the militia, as being of the 
 mod: importance for keeping the peace 
 in dangerous times. Firft they decreed 
 
 that 
 
Of his own Time. 21 
 
 that all the power of the militia ever 
 had been, was, and mould be in the 
 King alone 5 and that it was not lawful 
 for the States of the kingdom, upon 
 an pretence whatfoever, no, not even 
 in h Majefly's defence, to raife war a- 
 gainfi le King. Then they enafted, 
 that by th Royal Authority foldiers 
 might be rais'd in any county, city, or 
 town , and that they mould be com- 
 manded by whomfoever the King mould 
 appoint 5 that they mould be paid, as of- 
 ten as there mould be occafion, by the 
 inhabitants of the county 5 that once 
 every year all of the fame county mould 
 rendezvous, and be exercised in their 
 arms for four days 5 that the feverai 
 companies once in three months mould 
 exercife their arms, that they might be 
 always ready and prepaid for war 5 that 
 no officer or foldier mould be lifted with- 
 out taking this Oath, " That it is a de* 
 " teftable thing to refift the King upon 
 " any pretence, and that they abhorr'd 
 " that doftrine, as treafonable , that it 
 iC is lawful to fight with the King's 
 C 3 " autho- 
 
2i Bi\ Parkers History 
 
 " authority againft his perfon, or thofc 
 " that arc commifllon'd by him/' And 
 thus when the whole nation was every 
 where fo well furnifh'd with military 
 forces, if a confpiracy fhould be form'd 
 in any place, it might eafily be fupprefs'd. 
 
 The military affairs being fettled, their 
 next care was concerning the civil ma* 
 giftracy ♦. for whereas in Cromwelh times 
 the rebels had taken all power in every 
 city and town into their own hands, 
 they being now ejefted, others were 
 put into their places, neither were they 
 admitted, upon any other terms, but 
 firft taking the aforefaid Oath, and ab- 
 juring the Covenant. And thus when 
 the moft populous places were preferv'd 
 from the infection of difloyalty, out of 
 which the plague of fedition us J d to 
 fpread into the villages, a flop was put 
 to all the licentioufnefs of fedition. 
 Moreover, they proceeded to check the 
 prefumption of the prefs, whence in- 
 numerable libels were daily iffucd out 
 to ilir up fedition. Hereupon by aft of 
 Parliament all prefles were taken away, ex- 
 cept 
 
Of his own Time. 23 
 
 ccpt thofc which were fet up by the 
 public authority of the Stationer's com- 
 pany 5 and it was cnafted that it fhould 
 be unlawful to print any books, unlcfs 
 they were allow'd and approved of by the 
 Bifhops of Canterbury, or London, or 
 the Vice-Chancellors of the two Univer- 
 sities 3 and if any printer fhould difobey 
 this aft, firftofallhe fhould be fufpend- 
 ed from buying or felling of books 
 for three years, and afterwards for ever. 
 When by this law the great liberty of 
 lying was taken away, which they more 
 efpecially made ufe of at that time , 
 with the moil: fcandalous intemperance 
 the very engine of rebellion was broken : 
 which tho' at all times it was fruitful 
 of evils, yet in this age, it did not fo 
 properly bring forth, as fvvarm with a 
 vafl; effufion of plagues. Amongft in- 
 numerable libels which they publifh'd 
 for two years together, thofe were moft 
 pregnant with fedition which they pub- 
 lifh'd concerning prodigies. Amongft 
 thefe all the prodigies in Livy were feen 
 every day : Two funs \ mips failing in 
 C 4 the 
 
24 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 the air 5 a bloody rainbow ; it rain'd 
 ftoncs; a lamb with two heads; cathe- 
 dral Churches every where fet on fire 
 by lightning 5 an ox that fpokc, a hen 
 turn'd into a cock 5 a mule brought 
 forth 5 five beautiful young men flood 
 by the regicides while they fuffered > 
 a very bright ftar fhone round their 
 quarters that were ftuck upon the city 
 gates ; a ghoft was feen at Oxford drefs'd 
 in a Bifhop's robes 5 two vaft hogs came 
 into the cathedral Church of Canterbury 
 in prayer-time, which they faid hap- 
 pend before in 164.1. before the down, 
 fall of the hierarchy ; a fanatick ©0- 
 mine of ftraw, that was made to be 
 burnt in effigie, was not fo much as 
 touch'd by the flames ; many priefts read- 
 ing the Common Prayer were feiz'd with 
 liidden death 5 a certain pcrfon rejoicing 
 at the execution of Harrifon the regi- 
 cide was ftrook with a Hidden paify ; 
 another inveighing againft Teters as he 
 went to the gibbet was torn and al- 
 moft kilTd by his own tame favourite 
 dog $ a certain woman at Chichefier 
 
 brought 
 
Of his own Time. ±5 
 
 brought forth a child at her mouth* 
 with an infinite number of fiich prodi- 
 gious lies : For I feign nothing, for it 
 wou'd be tedious to repeat the hundredth 
 part of them. Nor did they only write 
 thefc fables, but they alfo drew paral- 
 lels with many judgments that had been 
 fent down from heaven upon wicked 
 men in former ages. Nor was this fuf- 
 ficient, for thefe blafphemous wretches 
 in the Preface of their books, prefume 
 to call upon God the fearcher of 
 hearts, to bear Teftimony to the truth 
 of thefe fictions , and invoke all his 
 curfes, if they were guilty of falfhood. 
 Behold the impious and exceffive mad- 
 nefs of fanatical fupcrftition, that their 
 leaders fliould fo confidently affirm thefe 
 things, and the deluded populace fhould 
 fo eagerly fwallow them ! I, who was a 
 young man at that time, do very well re- 
 member that thefe books were confulted 
 and perufed with no lefs diligence than 
 the Scriptures themfelves. There was 
 no one of the fa&ion who had not 
 tl\efe books, and did not read them 
 
 witl} 
 
Bp. Parker's History 
 
 with the decpeft veneration. But the 
 Law which I mention'd being feafona- 
 bly pafs'd, there were no more prodi- 
 gies feen, no more miracles wrought, no 
 more Anni-mirabiles y which was the 
 title they prefix'd to their books. Laft- 
 ly, (which yet was the Parliament's prin- 
 cipal care ) the two Houfes proceeded 
 to take care of the Church, and to re- 
 inflate it in its antient dignity. Firft 
 the Clergy, by the King's writ, were 
 fummon'd to Convocation. The Con- 
 vocation confifts of an upper and lower 
 Houfe. In the upper, only Bifhops fit ; 
 in the lower, Deans, Archdeacons, one 
 Canon, or Prebendary of every cathe- 
 dral Church, and two Proctors for the 
 Clergy. Thcfe make Canons concern- 
 ing ecclefiaftical affairs, and then carry 
 them to the King, and if he approves 
 of them, they are afterwards laid be- 
 fore the Parliament, that what the Church 
 has ena&ed by its fpiritual power, may 
 be infore'd by the civil authority. 
 Therefore the Convocation (for fo we 
 call the Synod of the Clergy) when it 
 
 had 
 
Of his own Time. 27 
 
 had confirm'd every thing, as it was be- 
 fore, in the Church of England, only 
 making fome little alterations in the Li- 
 turgy according to the different circum- 
 ftances of times, brought their Decrees 
 and Canons to the King, Lords and Com. 
 mons to be abetted with their authority. 
 Hence arofe that famous Law commonly 
 caird the A6t of Uniformity. By which 
 Law it was enacted, that all Clergymen 
 fhould ufe only the Common Prayer in 
 the publick worfhip ; and unlefs they 
 us'd it, they were to be deprivd of all 
 ecclefiaftical benefices, before the feaft 
 of St. Bartholomew. Moreover, they 
 were to abjure the folemn League and 
 Covenant, and renounce it, as contra- 
 ry to all the laws of God and nature 
 and this kingdom. The confequence 
 of which muft be, cither the Presbyte- 
 rian minifters wou'd return into the 
 peace and unity of the Church, and alfo 
 abjure the bond, and as it were the fa- 
 crament of their treachery and rebelli- 
 on ; or elfe they muft quit all their be- 
 nefices in the Church, and all the op- 
 portunities 
 
i8 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 portunities of doing mifchief. Hereup- 
 on there was a great confufion among 
 the faction 5 they run backwards and 
 forwards with hurry and confternation ; 
 they entred into a new affociation againft 
 this Law, promifing themfelves, that if 
 all of them mould refufe to comply, 
 the Churches could not ftand without 
 them, preachers wou'd every where be 
 wanting, and the people would on every 
 hand beg for the repealing of the Law, 
 left through the fcarcity of preachers, 
 their fouls mould fufFer a famine of the 
 word -of the Lord. But the greatcft 
 hopes of the faftion depended upon their 
 friends at Court 5 for they being ad- 
 mitted into the fecret counfcls of the 
 King, and the higheft offices of State, 
 did only clog and obftruft the publick 
 affairs, give a check to the Laws that 
 were made againft the fadions, appear 
 as advocates for their faults, and make 
 it their chief endeavour to prevent the 
 Church and State from fettling upon their 
 old legal foundations. For they found that 
 if this dcflgn, which was fo well begun, 
 
 ihould 
 
Of his own Time. z$ 
 
 ftiould be brought to perfedon, they 
 fhould fink into the deepefl defpair. 
 Therefore they prefently met together, 
 and whifper'd into the ears of the King 
 (whom they had experiene'd to be enough 
 inclin'd to mercy, and indeed as it hap- 
 pened, too much for fparing them) that 
 fo great and powerful a body of men 
 fhould not be rafhly provok'd 5 that they 
 were the greateft part of the nation, 
 both for number and wealth 5 and that 
 they did not refufe to comply with the 
 antient conditions of uniformity 5 but 
 if thefe new and unheard of obligations 
 to abjure the holy Covenant were taken 
 away, they would all, even to a man, 
 flock to the Church of England h and 
 laftly, unlefs there were fpeedy care 
 taken to prevent it, there would be a 
 general revolt of the people. More- 
 over there were humble petitions pre- 
 fented by the Presbyterian London preach- 
 ers to this efTeft. " Having before ex- 
 " periene'd the clemency of your Royal 
 " Majefty towards your good people, 
 P we who have always fliewn the ftrid- 
 3 « eft 
 
3<d Bp. Parkers History 
 
 u eft fidelity {Good God!) beg leave to 
 u reprefent, that unlefs you extend your 
 " royal mercy to us, we muft be imme. 
 u diately put out of our facred office, by 
 " the Ad of Uniformity , becaufe we 
 " cannot in confeience obey all things 
 " therein enjoyn d : therefore falling at 
 " your facred feet, we humbly befeech 
 " your Majefty, that thro* your great 
 u wifdom and clemency, fome means 
 << may be found , that we may not be 
 " depriv'd of the power of teaching your 
 €C people their duty to God and your 
 " Majefty : And if it fhall feem good 
 " to your princely mercy to grant this 
 €i requeft, we doubt not, but that we 
 " fhall fhew, by our inviolable loyalty 
 " to your Majefty, and our peaceable 
 " behaviour in the Church, that we are 
 " not altogether unworthy of fo great 
 " a favour. 
 
 When the King was in fome meafurc 
 mov'd with thefe petitions, they at length 
 with difficulty obtain'd from him, that 
 the matter fhould be fufpended for a 
 little time ; and therefore, whereas the 
 
 Law 
 
Op his own Time." ;i 
 
 Law ought to be in force the next Sun- 
 day, they prevail'd to have the Council 
 call'd but three days before, for the ef- 
 fecting their purpofe, left perhaps any 
 one fhould unfealbnably ftep in before 
 the time to prevent their defigns. Which 
 yet unexpectedly happen'd through the 
 prudence and fortitude of one man > 
 namely, that great Prelate Gilbert Shel- 
 don, then Bifhop of London, afterwards 
 Arch-bifhop of Canterbury. For the 
 Council being held, he came of his own 
 accord, (for he was not yet call'd to the 
 Privy Council) and pleaded for the Law, 
 with that fharpnefs of wit, that copious 
 eloquence, and that weight of reafon, 
 that he did not fo much perfuade as 
 command the affent of the King, the 
 Duke, the Council, and all that were 
 prefent, and almoft even the petitioners 
 themfelves to his opinion. He told 
 them, that the fufpenfion of the Law 
 came almoft too late, that by the com. 
 mand of that Law he had ejected all, 
 who had not obey'd it in his Dio- 
 cefs, the Sunday before, by which he 
 2 had 
 
3^ Bp. Parker's History 
 
 had fo provok'd their anger and hatred,' 
 that if they were again reftor'd, he mould 
 not live henceforward, in a fociety of 
 Clergy, but in the jaws of his enemies 5 
 neither could he dare to contradict a Law 
 that was pafs'd with fo great approbati- 
 on of all good men, fo general a con- 
 fent of Parliament, and with fo much 
 deliberation. And farther, that if at 
 that time fo facred a Law mould be re- 
 pealed, it would expofe the lawgivers 
 to the fport and fcorn of the faction. 
 And laftly, that the State and Church 
 would never be free from diforders and 
 difturbances, if factious men could ex- 
 tort whatever they defir'd, by their im- 
 pudence and importunity. They that 
 were prefent at the Council, being over- 
 come by thefe and the like reafons, did 
 with great alacrity and earneftnefs con- 
 fent to the immediate execution of the 
 Law. Whence it happily came to pafs, 
 that whereas there was but one day to 
 intervene between the change of coun- 
 fel and the event of the matter, almoft 
 all the Presbyterians, who fear'd no fuch 
 
 thing, 
 
Of his own Time." 35 
 
 thing, and on the contrary were joyfully 
 fecure, did, on a Hidden, almoft in the 
 twinkling of an eye, perceive thcmfclves 
 defeated by one ilroke ; and turn'd out 
 of their parifhes, to their great furprizc 
 and aftoniihment. 
 
 By this feafonable interpolation, the 
 Bifhop freed the Church of England 
 from thefe plagues for many years. For 
 thus it happened luckily, happily and 
 prolperouily, and indeed very providen- 
 tially, that the Schifmaticks entangled 
 thcmfclves in their fchifm by covenant 
 and agreement, entering into a new 
 allbciation, being deceiv'd by the large 
 promiies of the London teachers, that 
 they would not obey the Law, and thence 
 imagining that they mould defend them- 
 felves by their multitude. And where- 
 as the Courtiers would have perfuaded 
 the King, that there would be preach- 
 ers wanting in the city of London, up- 
 on that Sunday 5 the very prudent Bifhop 
 of that Diocefe, who had computed the 
 number of the faction, had ready at 
 hand an equal number of orthodox Di- 
 D vines, 
 
$4 Br. Parker's HIstorv 
 
 vines, and thofc eloquent and learned; 
 who, the fign given, did as it were come 
 out of ambufh, and take poffeffion of 
 the pulpits. And tho* from that time 
 the Schifmaticks tried all their art that 
 they might be received again into the 
 bofom of the Church, yet he guarded 
 every pafs and avenue with fuch dili- 
 gence, that when they faw their attempts 
 fo often baffled, they at length fat down, 
 being no farther troublefome with their 
 fchifm, than barely that they were Schif- 
 maticks as long as he liv'd. For when, 
 fome years after this, they began to raife 
 fome new troubles in the Church, that 
 only the obligation to renounce the co- 
 venant being rcpeafd, they might have 
 the liberty of returning into the Church, 
 for that (they faid) was the only bar to 
 it 5 they were not without friends in both 
 Houfes, nor even amongft the Bifhops 
 themfelves. And the King himfelf, by 
 his royal authority, (as Emperors had 
 formerly done) had not long fincc, in 
 the {traits and difficulties of the 'Dutch 
 war, fufpended the penalties of the 
 
 Law, 
 
Of his own Time. 55 
 
 Law, both that he might keep peace at 
 home, and becaufe he found that the 
 fa&ions had corrcipondencc with the 
 enemy abroad. To remedy which evil* 
 he thought it moft expedient to ftroke 
 them, for fome time, to prevent their 
 kicking : Whereby, many of bothHoufes 
 were fo incens'd, becaufe they faw that 
 the Law that was pafs'd by them, was 
 in effeel: repeal'd without their content, 
 that they chofe rather to repeal it them- 
 felves, than fee it leffend and maimed 
 by any one elfe. Which opportunity 
 happening, the Presbyterians, by the at 
 fiftance of thofe friends, a great number 
 of which they had in both Houfes, im- 
 mediately requir'd that the Law might 
 be abrogated. But the new bill being 
 drawn up, and every thing pertaining 
 to the fandion of it being finifh'd, the 
 Archbifhop affirm'd that lenity and mer- 
 cy were always truly pleafing to all good 
 men, efpecially if they could open the 
 way to peace and concord; and that 
 he would not difient from the votes of 
 others, if the Law being repealed, leaft 
 
 D 2 the 
 
\6 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 the fupreme power fhou'd fcem to have 
 parted with too much from itfelf, by 
 yielding to them too far, they would but 
 require fuch a ftipulation and engage- 
 ment for their future fidelity, as no good 
 man could , or would refufe to £ivc. 
 And truly he proposal nothing elfe but 
 this, that they mould confefs that the 
 war againft King Charles the firft was 
 unlawful. Which he had hardly men- 
 tion'd, when they prefently dropp'd their 
 petition for the bill, and were fo de- 
 tcrr'd from the purlliit of their defign, 
 that, as if they had thrown away their 
 arms, they never durit rally again. Thus 
 is the Presbyterian intereft funk into 
 the deepeft defpair, by lofing the hope 
 and liberty of rebelling ! But when they 
 found too late, that nothing was to be 
 done by open meafurcs, what they could 
 not efFeft by authority, they ftudied 
 to compafs by fraud. Therefore they 
 prefently entred into a new confpiracy 
 with fomc treacherous Divines in the 
 Englijh Church, men that lik'd nothing 
 in the Church but its preferments, in 
 2 all 
 
Of his own Time. 37 
 
 all other refpeds Fanaticks. Theft joyn- 
 ing forces within and without the walls, 
 cannot doubt but at length they fhall 
 gain their ends, altho' it be the fame con- 
 fpiracy as had been tried before, and is 
 only drefs'd up in a new form of words, 
 that it may take the better with the un- 
 wary. For now they were plcas'd to 
 call it a Comprchcnfton, by which (for- 
 footh) the Presbyterian rebels, all the 
 Laws being rcpeal'd, which at their will, 
 or rather by their command, they re- 
 quir'd to be cancell'd, might, together 
 with the found members, be received in- 
 to the Church, and all ecclcfiaftical of- 
 fices. In this gang there were one or 
 two Bifhops, a few Presbyters, with two 
 pragmatical Lawyers, who with great 
 gravity rcquir'd that this Law might pafs$ 
 as if they had had in their hands the 
 fupreme power in Church and State. 
 The Archbifhop, than whom no one 
 was more vigilant, or ready to find out 
 their treacherous ftratagems, heard of 
 all their counfels from day to day 5 and 
 I my fclf have heard him publickly and 
 D 3 very 
 
3 8 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 very fharply reproving them, according 
 to his authority, for their audacious pre- 
 fumption, in that a Bifhop or two, and 
 a few Presbyters, fhould attempt to re- 
 peal the facred Laws of the Church, 
 without their Metropolitan, and a Sy> 
 nod of their Province. A crime, and 
 indeed a fchifm, which was not to be 
 expiated by any thing lefs in the primi- 
 tive Church than perpetual Degradation! 
 But the Archbifhop being of a mild and 
 generous difpofition, threatned nothing, 
 but only exhorted them friendly, to ac- 
 quiefce a little, till they fhould obtain, 
 or at leaf! ask the confent of him and 
 his brethren the Bifhops. In the mean 
 time he dealt mildly with their princi- 
 pal agents, that fo, if poffible, he might 
 recover them to a better mind. I re- 
 member I was prefent when a certain 
 Bifhop folemnly promised entirely to quit 
 this defign, and attempt nothing farther ; 
 and yet the very fame day, when there 
 was a meeting held for carrying on this 
 affair, to my knowledge, he went to 
 the meeting, and labour'd ,the point as 
 
 much 
 
Of his own Time, j5> 
 
 much as he could. But when the Arch- 
 bifhop knew that the matter was com- 
 pleatly form'd, he kept his knowledge 
 of it to himfelf, and a few of his do- 
 mefticks 5 but at length taking an op- 
 portunity of fending for me and ano- 
 ther perfon, not a Bifhop indeed, but 
 one next in dignity to a Bifhop, he ac- 
 cused us both equally, being a facetious 
 Man, of having been amongft the Con- 
 fpirators. What could I, tho' I knew 
 my own innocence, but modeftly, (as 
 became me,) and yet boldly deny the 
 charge ? But the other was not content 
 with a bare lie, but likeTV^r, when he 
 denied his Lord, defended himfelf with 
 a repeated denial of it, and affirm'd, 
 that when fome men tempted him to 
 be there, he fharply admonifh'd them 
 to drop the defign, till it could be re- 
 ferr'd to the Archbifhop and Bifliops in 
 Convocation. But as foon as he was 
 gone, the Archbifhop fmiling upon me, 
 and excufing himfelf for his feeming re- 
 proof of me, faid, " Now I have too 
 f 1 plainly found out the treachery of 
 D 4 tc this 
 
40 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 ^ this man 5 I can never wonder enough 
 u at his impudence or ftupidity, fince 
 " if he were not a mere flock, he mufl 
 " have found from fomc particular ex- 
 " preflions that I us'd, that all the coun- 
 " fels of that meeting, in which he was 
 <c always prefent, and bore a principal 
 " part, were fully difcover'd to me/' 
 And from that time he drop'd his Fricnd- 
 fhip, as far as he could, with him and 
 the reft of his affociates. But they re- 
 folv'd the more diligently to go on with 
 their fcheme, and to carry it, when fi- 
 niftYd, into the lower Houfe of Parlia- 
 ment. In the mean time, the Archbi- 
 Ihop (who, as I faid, knew all their mea- 
 fures) had fo prepar'd the good Mem- 
 bers of that Houfe, that the very firft 
 day of their meeting, they refolv'd that 
 if it was brought into the Houfe, they 
 would not pafs it. And thus this per- 
 nicious defign of a Comprehenfton pe- 
 rifiYd i which, if it had not died in the 
 birth, would have brought the fame e- 
 vils and plagues upon the Church of 
 England, as were brought into the Ca- 
 
 tholick 
 
Of his own Time. 41 
 
 tholick Church in Zenos time by his 
 Henoticon. 
 
 But now, fince I have had occafion to 
 fpeak of fo great a man, I cannot pafs 
 on, without giving a fhort account of 
 the goodnefs of his difpofition, the con- 
 ftancy of his virtue, and the fweetnefs 
 of his temper. It was long in my thoughts 
 to have drawn up a juft hiftory 5 and 
 indeed I mould have done it, if I could 
 by any means have obtain d the memoirs 
 which he left concerning the actions of 
 his own time. For as he came in due 
 time to the management of publick af- 
 fairs, being a man of great abilities, and 
 was prefent at the moil remarkable oc- 
 currences > fo tranfafting every thing 
 with a peculiar ftrength and penetra- 
 tion of judgment, without doubt the 
 commentaries which he wrote upon all 
 affairs were very excellent. In the mean 
 time, fince I cannot write a hiftory, 1 
 cannot forbear but that I mult recom- 
 mend fome character of fo great a mind, 
 and fo famous an example of virtue, to 
 the imitation of pofterity. And that I 
 
 may 
 
4* Bp. Parker's History 
 
 may begin with the chief virtue of a Bi-' 
 fhop, he was a man of eminent piety s 
 for tho* he was frequent and afTiduous 
 in prayers, yet he was not fuch an ad- 
 mirer of them, as fome are, nor did he 
 fo much regard the bare worfhip, as the 
 ufe that was made of it > and therefore 
 he judicioufly plac'd the fum of Reli- 
 gion in a good life, He ufed, in his 
 daily difcourfe to his family and friends, 
 to tell that they fhould take care not to 
 deceive themfelves by a half and imper- 
 fed Religion 5 that they fhould not think 
 that all the fervice of God was confin'd 
 within the cloifters and \valls of the 
 Church, but rather that a great part of 
 it was converfant abroad in the world, 
 and amongft focieties of men. That if 
 they liv'd juftly, foberly, and chaftly, then 
 at length, and not before, they might 
 think themfelves pious : That otherwife 
 it matter'd not of what Church or Re- 
 ligion wicked men were 5 and therefore 
 he greatly delighted himfelf with this 
 faying, and always fpoke it with exul- 
 tation, T)o welly and be merry. For he 
 
 thought 
 
Of his own Time. 43 
 
 thought it the only bufinefs and com- 
 fort of life, that the value of everything 
 depended upon That, and avail'd no- 
 thing without it. Therefore, next to 
 Atheifts and Fanaticks, he defpis'd that 
 difdainful fort of men who would have 
 all the duty of man plac'd in the cere- 
 monies and offices of worfhip, and be- 
 caufe perhaps they are oftner at prayers 
 than others, therefore think themfelves 
 better. He us'd to fay that thefe men 
 were not fo pious as weak, not having 
 judgment to difcern what is right and 
 what is wrong, what is good and what 
 is evil : For that prayers indeed had 
 great force and efficacy in them, as help- 
 ing us to obtain the affifting grace of 
 God, and cherifhing a ftrong and lively 
 reverence of God in our minds: But that 
 even prayers were in vain, unlefs we 
 proceed farther. That the Eucharift 
 (which is the principal part of chriflian 
 Worfhip) is indeed a Sacrament of the 
 chriftian Law, and that this Law confifts 
 of offices of mutual charity and kind- 
 ncfs 7 and that therefore he is the beft 
 3 Chriftian, 
 
44 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 Chriftian, who is the moft kind and 
 charitable to mankind ; that the greateft 
 charity is exercis'd by juftice, for charity 
 is due to all men, without which no fo- 
 ciety can fubfift, and which prcferves the 
 peace and tranquillity of the whole world. 
 That other virtues are but fubfervient to 
 this, and that thofc great virtues, liberality 
 and munificence, are but theft and rapine 
 without it. And therefore he often ufed 
 to admonifh young Noblemen and Gen- 
 tlemen (of whom a great many flock'd 
 to him, by the command of their pa- 
 rents,) tc Take care (faid he) to be good 
 " and virtuous in the firft place, and 
 " then be as pious, and as much de- 
 " voted to Religion as you will. No 
 cc piety can bring any advantage to you 
 cc or any one, without probity of life 
 " and morals : For God gives no rewards 
 cc to idol-worfhipers, neither can any 
 * benefit arife from a barren piety. But 
 iC if men fincerely refolve with them- 
 cc felves firft to lay the foundations of 
 <c Religion in a good life, that will 
 " caufe them to delight in the worfhip 
 
 « of 
 
Of his own Time. 45 
 
 « of God, and their duty to men." 
 And if he could be provok'd at any 
 thins:, it was at the counterfeit devotion 
 of wicked men, which he could hardly 
 bear > and he was wont to call them 
 the diferace of God and men. And he 
 was greatly griev'd that in the whole 
 courfe of his long life he had obfeiVd 
 very bad men under the mafque of hu- 
 mility, and the pretence of ftri&er piety, 
 carrying on the fecret defigns of ambi- 
 tion ; of whom in general, he faid, we 
 ought to beware, as of fo many thieves 
 and cheats 5 for he had not remembrcd 
 above three or four, and thofe men of 
 downright foolifh fimplicity, who have 
 not, like thieves, carried off the pre- 
 ferments of the Church, under a cloak 
 or cowl of Religion : Tho' there was 
 fomc comfort and fatisfa&ion in it, that 
 the fame men had always ftrip'd them- 
 felves of their honours by their own 
 imprudence : For whereas fuch little ani- 
 mals might have lain hid with honour ; 
 when they crept up to a publick ftation, 
 they did not fo properly pofTefs the height 
 
 of 
 
4<r Bp. Parker's History 
 
 of dignity, as of publick fhame and 
 contempt : For not being accuftom'd to 
 the courtefy and civility of human life* 
 they behave themfelves fo aukwardly, fo 
 morofely, and fo infolently, as if they 
 were lifted up on high, only to expofe 
 themfelves to fcorn and derifion. But 
 how much foever he hated and defpis'd 
 thefe counterfeits, both becaufe they 
 robb'd Religion of its honour, by their 
 infincerity, and becaufe they difturb'd 
 the due moderation and equal balance 
 of affairs, by their pragmatical behavi- 
 our 5 yet if he met with any perfons of 
 true fimplicity, and unfeign'd piety, who 
 did in earncft devote themfelves to the 
 worfhip of God, and meditation upon 
 heavenly things, it is fcarce to be con* 
 ceiv'd with what afFedion, with what 
 friendfhip, and with what joy he em- 
 brae'd them : He reverenced them as Fa- 
 thers, lov'd them as Brethren, and mofl 
 familiarly convers'd with them as his in- 
 timate Friends. 
 
 Such good opinions of Religion con- 
 curring, with fo good a difpofition of 
 
 nature, 
 
Of his own Time; 47 
 
 nature, how large an increafe of virtues 
 muft flich excellent feeds, fown in fo 
 rich a foil, produce ! Hence proceeded 
 that even tranquillity of mind, through 
 which, in both a profperous and adverfe 
 fortune, he was always the fame, and 
 ftill like himfelf 5 being equally proof 
 againft the weapons of adverfity, and 
 the wiles of profperity, and ever con- 
 ftant and regular 5 and one that had life 
 at command, but not incontinent ; he 
 neither fear'd nor wifh'd for death; liv'd 
 pleafantly to himfelf, and to other men; 
 neither did he place any other happinefs 
 in this prefent life, than that he could 
 prudently bear, and even enjoy it, thro' 
 the hopes of a betters for with that 
 hope he accounted it pleafant and a- 
 greeable, but without it intolerable ; 
 and fo he died with the fame evennefs 
 of mind with which he liv'd 5 nor did 
 he depart from his ufual cheerfulnefs, 
 which was fupported by a good life, 
 till his foul departed from his body. 
 
 From a tranquillity of mind, naturally 
 arifes courtefy and affability of beha- 
 viour; 
 
42 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 viour ; for he who plcafcs himfclf, de- 
 lights to pleafe others, and equally re- 
 joices in his own and other mens hap- 
 pinefs; therefore he was eafy and free 
 in his convcrfation with every one, ne- 
 ver (if poffible) let any one go difcon- 
 certed from him, unlcfs it were by their 
 unwiliingnefs to leave him. He was 
 both pleafant and grave amongft his do- 
 mefticks, govern'd his Family both with 
 authority and kindnefs ; we all reve- 
 rencd him, and none flood in fear of 
 him 5 if at any time there was occafion 
 for a fevere rebuke (to which he fel- 
 dom and unwillingly proceeded) his di£ 
 courfe was a mixture of a becoming 
 gravity, and a Socratick fwectnefs. He 
 would have his houfe always open for 
 hofpitality, and his table decently and 
 elegantly cover'd, without luxury ; 
 whercunto illuftrious pcrfons reforted 
 in great numbers, that they might en- 
 joy the plcafurc of his convcrfation, for 
 he feaibn'd all his entertainments with 
 grave and facetious difcourfe, and fpoke 
 to each of his guefts courtcouily and 
 
 plea- 
 
Of his own Time* 4p 
 
 plcafantly, and all went away obliged 
 with his fingular humanity. It is not 
 proper to enlarge any farther upon thefe 
 lcfler points of decorum in this great 
 Man ; but altho' perhaps they are not 
 to be commended amongft the virtues, 
 yet certainly they are the peculiar orna- 
 ments of the greatcft men, and of no 
 other. Neither indeed do I think it be- 
 comes me to labour in a more diligent 
 defcription of his greater virtues. How 
 fmall, how jejune, how trifling a com- 
 mendation would it be, in fpeaking of 
 a Prelate of fuch entire and generous 
 piety, to fay that he was juft, and tem- 
 perate, and modeft, especially when 
 thefe are not fo much the virtues of the 
 Man, as the duties of the Bijhop , for in 
 another man if thefe virtues are want- 
 ing 'tis fhameful, but in a Clergyman 
 they hardly defervc to be prais'd. Since 
 therefore of fuch great men nothing but 
 the higheft part of character is to be 
 dwelt upon, pa fling by the common and 
 ordinary virtues, we fhall fpeak only of 
 his virtues that more immediately re- 
 
 E lated 
 
5o Bp. Parker's History 
 
 lated to the dignity and eminence of 
 him as a publick pcrfon. All greatnefs 
 of mind confifts in three things, Wif- 
 dom, xMagnanimity, and Munificence. 
 The beft of Kings, Charles the Firft, paid 
 the greatcft regard to his Wifdom ; to 
 whom as he was particularly dear, for 
 his joint integrity and humanity, fo in 
 particular with refped to his fingular 
 Wifdom i he in a manner obtained the 
 utmofl familiarity of friendfhip : For he 
 not only employ'd him, as feveral others, 
 in publick affairs and embaflies, from 
 the Treaty of Uxbridge y when he firft 
 appear'd in publick bufinefs, but admit- 
 ted him into his more fecret counfels > 
 and the better he knew him, fo much 
 the more he lov'd him. And where- 
 as he himfelf had attain'd to maturity in 
 wifdom, being taught by great and long 
 calamities, he would chiefly make ufe 
 of his counfel and converfation ; and if 
 he could but have him by his fide, he 
 feem'd to think it a foftning and abate- 
 ment of his miferics : And in his loweft 
 and mod defperate circumftances, when, 
 
 after 
 
Of his own Time. 51 
 
 after the conference in the Ijle of JVight> 
 his Murder being rcfolv'd upon by the 
 rebel officers, all his fervants and friends 
 were driven from his pretence, the King 
 at length, by importunate intrcaties, 
 prevail'd, that tho' the reft were driven 
 from him, he might enjoy Sheldon alone, 
 the fpace of one day 5 which day they 
 prolong'd and continud till midnight, 
 till he was removed from the King by 
 military force. In which fhort time he 
 entrufted his fecrct and laft counfels in 
 his bofom, efpeciaily commands to be 
 deliver'd to his Son. Amongft many o- 
 ther excellent dictates of that great mind, 
 I principally remember three, which I 
 receiv'd from the Archbifhop's own 
 mouth. 
 
 Firjly That he mould forgive his re- 
 bellious enemies as much as he would, 
 but never truft one of them, unlcfs he 
 were willing to be ruin'd again. 
 
 Secondly, That he fhould keep his 
 Exchequer as full as pofllble; for fub- 
 jefts would not dare to rebel againft any 
 but poor Princes. 
 
 E 2 Laftfy, 
 
\S 
 
 1% Bp. Parker's History 
 
 La/lly, That, as far as it was in his 
 power, he fhould expiate the fin of Sa- 
 crilege 5 and efpccially that he fhould be 
 an example to his fubjeds, by rcftoring 
 thofe revenues to the Church, which 
 the impiety of former times had taken 
 from it ; which he himlclf had vow'd tQ 
 do, if he ever recovcr'd his Crown. 
 
 But fmce I have fpoken of the great 
 love and affection of the irood Kins to 
 him, there is no occafion to fpeak any 
 tiling of his Magnanimity 5 for it fhew'd 
 a firm and invincible mind, to behold 
 fuch a man, from whom he had receiv'd 
 lb great favours, fo unworthily treated, 
 and cxpos'd to fcorn, by the refufe of 
 mankind, and his blood not freeze in 
 his veins with immoderate grief. Yet 
 he bore the weidit, and length of time 
 in fomc meafurc render'd it cafier to 
 him 5 but he had that chcerfulnefs of 
 temper, that I have often heard him 
 proleis, that nothing ever touch'd his 
 heart, (for lb he fpokc, fcarce refraining 
 from tears) but only the misfortune of 
 the King 5 and with that he was as it 
 
 were 
 
Of his own Time. 5$ 
 
 were thunder-ftruck, and did not for a 
 long time recover any firmnefs of mind, 
 but fhould, as long as he liv'd, feel the 
 fharpeft anguifh, whenever he thought 
 of it, how much focver he drove againfl 
 it. Neither did he fhew himiclf a man 
 of lefs bravery and courage in encoun- 
 tering dangers, than in bearing adverfi- 
 ty ; for he was almoft a Privy Coun- 
 fcllor to King Charles the Second, even 
 while he was in exile 5 he managed 
 chiefly the Kings affairs which were to 
 be tranfaclcd at home, and was conccrn'd 
 in almoft every prudent defign againfl: 
 the tyrannical ufurpcrs, but was princi- 
 pally conccrn'd in collecting the King's 
 monies, and ferit him yearly to large a 
 fum, that indeed he fcem'd to be his 
 Trcafurcr. 
 
 Laftly, as to his Munificence, I fhould 
 be impertinent, if I were to relate eve- 
 ry inftance of that virtue in him : It 
 may fuffice to compute his cxpences in 
 general 5 and, to pais by what he did in 
 a private fortune, in which however he 
 fCtrieY'd the cftatc of the family (which 
 
 E 3 was 
 
54 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 was in a manner fpent by his elder bro- 
 ther) in behalf of the children of the 
 deceas'd; after he was rais'd to the E- 
 pifcopal Throne, in which he fate feven- 
 teen years, he fpent feventy three thou- 
 fand pounds in works of Munificence 
 and Charity j and yet was fo wonder- 
 fully prudent in the conduft of his af- 
 fairs, that after he had laid out fo much 
 he left great pofieffions, and a large 
 quantity of money to his heirs, and aU 
 fo gave by legacy to all his fervants, 
 whofc number was not a little one, 
 rich flipends, as long as they fhould 
 livco 
 
 Thus have I erected this fmall monu- 
 ment to the memory of fo great a Man, 
 intending to raife a larger, and one 
 more worthy of him hereafter. In the 
 mean time, I have in fome meafurc fa- 
 tisficd my grateful remembrance of him : 
 Altho' I fhall fay more (if it plcafe God) 
 in the fequel of thefe Annals, for he 
 liv'd till 1677. at which time being 
 eighty years old, he died too foon, and 
 even to the great lofs of the Church 
 
 and 
 
Of his own Time. 5j 
 
 and Kingdom. But I (hall take care (if 
 God gives me life) to let pofterity know 
 how the affairs of the Church flood at, 
 and after the time of his death. But 
 now to return to the courfe of our 
 Annals, from whence the pleafing idea 
 of this illuftrious Prelate diverted me* 
 which I am yet unwilling to part with, 
 Whilft the States of the kingdom are 
 careful of the publick peace, and ima- 
 gine that they have defeated all the at- 
 tempts of the Rebels ; at the very fame 
 time (fuch was the confidence of the men) 
 they form'd a defign of an univerfal re- 
 bellion throughout the nation. Almofl 
 at the fame time their great affembly 
 (which I formerly mentiond) met at 
 London, which alone manag'd their chief 
 affairs. Under thefe, a kffer affembly, 
 of fix perfons, a&ed 5 one of every Fac- 
 tion ; for there were fix Fa&ions, Pref- 
 by terians , Independents , Anabaptifls , 
 Quakers, Fifth Monarchy Men, and Le- 
 vellers. And that the matter might be 
 more fecretly carried on by the confent 
 of all, this council of fix receiv'd their 
 
 E 4 inftruc- 
 
$€ Bp. Parker's History 
 
 inftru&ions from the fuprcme council ; 
 neither did any of the Confpirators be- 
 ftdes know what this affembly was. 
 Laftly, thefe fent their military officers 
 whitherfocver they pleas'd. They had 
 their meffengers and fpics in every coun- 
 ty. They in the mean while were plant- 
 ed in uncertain places, never twice in 
 the fame. Neither would they have 
 any partakers of their counfcls, nor 
 treat with any but their own cmiflaries. 
 So that whereas they had all of them ac- 
 complices of every Faftion, yet there were 
 none let into the fecrets of their dc- 
 fighs but themfelvcs. They warily 
 guarded themfelvcs againft being be- 
 tray 'd, fo that if by chance any difco- 
 vcry ftiould break out, it fhould fpread 
 no farther ; and when the Confpiracy 
 was diffus'd thro' all the provinces of 
 the kingdom, yet no body knew who 
 was the author of it. For the fpics 
 dealt feparately with only their military 
 officers, and did not know one another, 
 that if any one of them was acciden- 
 tally taken, he could accufe no one be- 
 yond 
 
Op his own Time. 57 
 
 yond his own fpherc and county. Hence 
 there was a great report fpread on all 
 hands concerning a Rebellion 5 letters 
 were fent concerning it from every coun- 
 ty to the prime minifters 5 and fo great 
 a confirmation had feiz'd the minds of 
 the citizens of London, that almoft all 
 that fummer the train'd-bands kept watch 
 in the city, and guards at the walls and 
 before the gates. There was a great and 
 general confirmation 5 but all alike 
 wondred what were the grounds of it. 
 But at length fome of the Confpirators 
 being taken at London, on the 15 th of 
 October, it was difcover'd what the Con- 
 fpiracy was. Neither yet could the pcr- 
 fons that confefs'd, difcover any but their 
 affociates in the fame band, of whom 
 part lay conceal'd, part were taken 5 
 and of thefe fome fuffer'd as Rebels, 
 according to law, others begging par- 
 don, the royal Clemency fpafd them as 
 ufually. The heads of the Confpiracy 
 were Ludlow, T>anvers,Lockier, Strange, 
 and other veteran officers of Cromwell's 
 army. But thefc efcap d, either by flight 
 
58 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 or concealment. Therefore altha' the 
 Confpiracy was known, yet it was not 
 broken or difpers'd, but the Confpirators, 
 with daily-increafmg ftrcngth, carried on 
 a violent and unnatural war, for more 
 than twenty years. 
 
 But fmce their engine of treachery 
 was now firft complcated, I muft tell 
 you with what fraud, with what villany, 
 with what lying, they would, ifpoffible, 
 have compafs'd their point. And indeed 
 they had but one ftratagem for every 
 thing, namely, that old one, that when- 
 focver their hearts are big with any mi£ 
 chief, they endeavour to raife tragical 
 expe&ations of Popifh affaflins, and of 
 a defign to maflacre all the Proteftants. 
 I : or thus their ftory was laid. For when 
 at length they had confpir'd to rife in 
 arms on the laft day of Offober, under 
 Ludlow the General, who had promis'd 
 to be prefent, by thefe fictitious letters j 
 they fpreaci a report concerning a mafla- 
 cre to be pat in execution by the Pa- 
 pifts on that very day. Their letter ran 
 • as: 
 
 Sir, 
 
Of his own Time. 5$ 
 
 Sir, 
 HTHrough my regard to the friendjhip 
 between us, and my common affeEiion 
 to all Trot eft ants in general, this to in- 
 form you, that about a fortnight agoe, a 
 woman well known to us, but not yet to 
 be nantd to you, was privately told by 
 a certain Topifb Confpirator, that they 
 Jhould all take arms, of which they had 
 a great number, upon the laft day of 
 Oftobcr. Wherefore we thought it our 
 duty to our friends, to give them notice* 
 with as much caution as we could, what 
 great danger they are in, that they might 
 by allpojfible means defend their Religion^ 
 King, Country, Themfelves, and Fami- 
 lies. Take care that you do notfufpe£i that 
 you areimposd on by any trick or lie: I 
 call God Almighty to witnefs to the re- 
 ligious truth of this narration. Neither 
 is it a private report, but the thing was 
 declared upon oath, before a Juftice of 
 peace, and communicated by him to the 
 Trivy Council. But what the iffue was 
 I have not yet heard. Look to your 
 
 felves x 
 
Go Bp. Parker's History 
 
 felveSy and if you can make any difco- 
 very, impart it to us. 
 
 Yours. 
 
 They fent abroad thefe letters to their 
 friends in every county, by their feveral 
 cmiiTaries 5 fo that the Papifts in feveral 
 places, efpecially in the counties of 
 JVorcefter and Warwick, were taken in- 
 to cuflody. And in the city of Lon- 
 don, they had five thoufand copies ready 
 to difperfe in every ftrcet, juft before 
 their attempt. But when part of the 
 Confpiracy was difcover'd fo foon, it 
 for fomc time check'd the whole : Se- 
 veral were taken, amongfl whom, the 
 chief were, Tongue, an old Crom^ellian 
 Officer, and Rigs, a Presbyterian Teacher, 
 formerly Chaplain to Blake, the Admiral 
 of the Rebels fleet, but now clerk to a 
 brewer. He being taken, to five his 
 own life, laid open the whole villany, 
 and, according to the innate treachery 
 of the Presbyterian Evangclifts, accus'd 
 his accomplices, whom he had rirfl cor- 
 rupted. But the proofs of the Confpi- 
 racy 
 
Of his own Time. Ci 
 
 racy were fo very plain, that the perfons 
 accus'd, tho' fome, as it was but reafon- 
 ablc they fhoud, endeavoured to defend 
 their innocence ; yet when they law 
 that they fhould be condemned, they 
 voluntarily accus'd themfelvcs, and in 
 the very article of death, every one of 
 them, in their fpeeches which they made 
 to the people, ingenuoufly confefs'd 
 themfelvcs guilty of Rebellion. Thcfe 
 were fix, Tongue, Philips, Stubbs, Baker, 
 and the two Gibbs that were brothers. 
 But one of the priibners nam'd Hind, 
 when brought to the bar, did not think 
 fit to ftand his tryal, but pleading guilty, 
 commended himfelf to the King's mercy. 
 Amongft many other villanies which 
 they had refolv'd upon, they firft of ail 
 rciblv'd to kill the King ; entring into 
 a joint rcfolution, that they would treat 
 him no otherwife, than he would treat 
 Ludlow, if he fhould take him. Thefe 
 were the very words of the confpiracy. 
 But it happen'd, that that very fummer 
 the Queen Mother refided at Greenwich, 
 whom when her Son often us'd to vifit, 
 1 they 
 
ct Bp. Parker's History 
 
 they chofe a convenient place near Cam- 
 berwelly where the Aflaflins fhould lie in 
 ambufh, and take him. But the Queen 
 going thence to London unexpe&edly, 
 and (boner than fhe had rcfolv'd with 
 her felf to go, by the hafte fhe made fhe 
 preferved the life of her Son : Which 
 the Confpirators themfelves openly con- 
 fefs'd. They declar'd this to be the caufe 
 of the war, that they were to fight againft 
 Popery and Tyranny, in defence of their 
 facred and civil Liberties. And thus 
 they determined to govern their new 
 Commonwealth : Firft, they would 
 recall their old regicide Parliament. 
 Secondly, they would join a full num- 
 ber of members to that Rump. Thirdly, 
 they would choofe no man that had not 
 fhewn himfelf faithful to the Good Old 
 Caufe, (for fo they call'd their own.) 
 Fourthly, every Parliament fhould laft 
 but a year. Fifthly, they would exer- 
 cife no power in religious matters, or 
 over the confeiences of men. Sixthly, 
 it fhould be high treafon for any one 
 to endeavour to reftore the King, houfc 
 
 of 
 
Of his own Time. c$ 
 
 of Lords, or the government of any 
 fingle Perfon. Seventhly, no falarics 
 fhould be granted out of the publick 
 Treafury. Eighthly, as long as they be- 
 haved themfclves well, it fhould be high 
 Treafon not to obey them. 
 
 Without doubt it mull have been a 
 lafting Republick, which was to conti- 
 nue as long as it pleas'd a fanatick 
 multitude, and no longer. Such was 
 the emulation between the two factions, 
 that they found it was a very difficult 
 matter, to bring the divided minds of 
 the Presbyterians and Independents in- 
 to their priftine concord. But when that 
 was done, all the leffer feds, which dregs 
 were the fpawn of their corruption, 
 were ever in a readinefs. But now the 
 friendfhip of the brethren being renew'd, 
 the old Republick feem'd to be as it 
 were rcftor'd ; nor did they afterwards 
 queftion, but that they fhould obtain 
 the fupreme Power. Thefe things I 
 collected out of the proceedings of the 
 Court, which were at that time pub- 
 lifh'd, almoft word for word, 
 
 3 In 
 
64 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 i 66$. In the beginning of the following 
 fpring, the King, being both terrified 
 with fuch frequent and formidable Con- 
 fpiracies, and prevailed upon by the ar- 
 tifices and treachery of fome about him, 
 publinYd a Proclamation, for fufpend- 
 ing in part the Aft of Uniformity 5 and, 
 provided the Schifmaticks would be 
 peaceable for the time to come, he grant- 
 ed them liberty of confcience, fo long 
 as they behaved themfelves well. Which 
 being communicated by him to the Par- 
 liament, that by their permiffion alfo, 
 the Indulgence (as they cal-l'd it) to ten- 
 der confciences might be confirm'd> 
 they with great zeal oppos'd it, and de- 
 fended the Law as their Palladium and 
 chief fecurity. They haftncd to the 
 King, and begg'd and prefs'd him, that 
 he would not leffen his own authority 
 fo much as to indulge faftious men, 
 who under the mafquc of confcience 
 meditate nothing but Rebellion. For if 
 the force and authority of that Law was 
 once at an end, there would hereafter 
 be no fence againft Atheifts and wicked 
 
 men ; 
 
Of his owS Timej i'j 
 
 men; the difcipline of the Church could 
 llo longer ftand, and its ccnfurcs would be 
 defpis'd. Neither did it become the pru- 
 dence and gravity of the Parliament, to 
 repeal, without cauie, this year, a Law 
 which they had pafs'd but the year be- 
 fore j and the King's peace would be 
 only more and more difturbed* for if he 
 would fuffer himfelf to be overcome by 
 thefe people's importunity, they would be 
 baiting him with their importunities for 
 ever, and innumerable new Herefies 
 would be the confequcncc of that dif- 
 honourable liberty $ neither would there 
 be any end of fanatick fury : That the 
 Church it fclf would become defolate : 
 And laftly, it was not Indulgence which 
 the Schifmaticks defir'd, but Empire: 
 And as foon as they mould find their 
 numbers ftrong enough, they wou'd in- 
 vade the Government with open Force, 
 The King yielded to their importunity 
 for a time, but could never be prevail'd 
 Upon to change his opinion, till by the fad 
 event of things, and the infolent rebel- 
 lion of the Schifmaticks, he found that 
 F the 
 
6G Bp. Parker's History 
 
 the Parliament were not only faithful in 
 their counfel, but right in their predic- 
 tions, as if they had been a prophetick 
 College. 
 
 The Parliament rifing on the 3d o£Au- 
 gufty after they had granted the King a 
 fubfidy, the Fa&ions purfue the forming 
 of their Rebellion ; a thoufand arms be- 
 ing bought in Holland by one Cole (who 
 had been in every Confpincy) were 
 brought over into England* libels were 
 difpers'd amongft the common people \ 
 in one of thefc they taught that it was 
 lawful for the people to kill their Kings $ 
 that the Law of God did not exempt 
 the perfon of the King from the two- 
 edged fword, which he had put into 
 the hands of his faints to be drawn a- 
 gainft the ungodly of whatfoever qua- 
 lity and condition : That now, if ever, 
 the time was come for the people of the 
 Lords to fell their garments, and buy 
 them i words : That the Tyrant (mean- 
 ing the King) whatfoever authority he 
 has, he has it wholly from the people : 
 That we arc not fcrvants of the Tyrant, 
 
 but 
 
OF HIS OWN 'T* I ME; 6 J 
 
 but that he ought to ferve us 5 and there- 
 fore fincc he had fhewn himfclf unworthy 
 of his office, it was but juit he fhould be 
 deposed. In another, they afiertcd that 
 Charles the Firft was juftly beheaded : 
 That 'Penry, Barrow, and others of the 
 Puritan Faction formerly executed, were 
 .wickedly flain ; becaufe they had freely 
 given teftimony, according to their duty, 
 againft the tyranny and fuperftition of the 
 Prelates. And laitJy, they recommend- 
 ed the example of Ehud's killing King 
 Egloriy to the imitation of the faints of 
 this age. But nothing more vehement- 
 ly mov'd the people, than whole vo- 
 lumes of fermons publifh'd, which the 
 ejected Miniftcrs had preaclfd as their 
 farewel fermons, before the fcaft of St. 
 Bartholomew. Great was the fale of 
 thefe books, being ftrong fecnted with 
 fedition : And the people of every pa- 
 rifti out of which any were ejected, 
 were inflam'd with inch anger and ha- 
 tred, that they purlucd thole that turn'd 
 them out, with a warmth and violence 
 like that of him, that in times of old 
 F z had 
 
6 8 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 had his idols taken from him. By thefe 
 fraudulent practices, they kept up fuch 
 avcrfion in the minds of the people to 
 the King's Government, that they thought 
 themfelves fure, that when the matter 
 came to blows they mould never want 
 volunticrs. 
 
 Whilft thefe things were tranfa&ed in 
 England, the fame affair went forward 
 in Ireland. 
 
 On the 25 th of January, 1662, one 
 Thilip Alden made a voluntary difcovery 
 of a Confpiracy to fubvert the Govern- 
 ment in all the three Kingdoms 5 and this 
 he made to Vernon a military Officer of the 
 King's, and a man of entire fidelity to the 
 King. This Alden had been an old Rebel, 
 a dealer in profcriptions and forfeited e- 
 ftates, and a leading enemy of the Royal 
 Caufe. But Vernon had fo oblia;'d him, 
 by begging his life of the Lord Lieute- 
 nant, that as a return for that kindnefs, 
 he promls'd that if ever he could diico- 
 Vcr any wicked defign of the Rebels a- 
 gainft the King, he would communicate 
 it to him : For he made a figure in their 
 
 Coun- 
 
Op his own Time. 6? 
 
 Counfels, and Ludlow committed the 
 Irijh affairs to his trull, fo as no one 
 exceeded him in authority among the 
 Rebels. He therefore, the Confpiracy 
 being brought to fome maturity, ingc- 
 nuoufly confefs'd it all to Vernon^ that 
 there was a fecret committee of Con- 
 fpirators that late daily in the city of 
 ^Dublin y that they treated of all matters 
 amongft themfcives, lifted men into their 
 Confpiracy, declared the caufes of the 
 War, and affign'd every officer his poll: in 
 the Army. Thefc were fix in number, 
 befide the informer : Shapcott a Colo- 
 nel, partly a Lawyer, partly a Soldier, 
 a pernicious creature with his tongue, as 
 well as his teeth ; JVarren and Thomfon 
 Lieutenant Colonels, Sanfordz Captain, 
 Blood a Lieutenant, and Bond a Scotch 
 Merchant. Vernon foon imparted the dil- 
 covcry to the Lord Lieutenant, the moft 
 illuftrious Duke of Ormond, to whom he 
 was very dear. The Lord Lieutenant 
 fent for the difcoverer to him, who laid , 
 open the whole matter; and being in- 
 due'd by promiics, allures him that he 
 F 3 will 
 
jo Bi\ Parker's History 
 
 will difcovcr every ftep of the Con 
 fpiracy as they fhould proceed. In the 
 month of March, the leaders of their 
 Army were chofen, troops made up out 
 of their meetings, which they had now 
 very frequent, Forces were quartered 
 through 'all Ireland, and Corrcfponden- 
 cies were fuccefsfully carried on in Eng- 
 land, Scotland and Holland. All things 
 being thus made ready to their minds, 
 the next year, which was 1663, they rc- 
 folve to open the war on the 1 1 th of 
 May, with the fiege of the caftle of 
 'Dublin. The Lord Lieutenant, who 
 knew the whole matter, had a great 
 number of foldicrs there in a rcaclinefs, 
 who were commanded by his three 
 [ons, men of the grcatcfr bravery. Thefe 
 ib diipofcl their men upon the Walls, 
 as not fo much to drive away, as to 
 take the enemy. But Blood, and one 
 Chambers, who were lent by the toil- 
 fpirators as fpies by night, when they faw 
 every place fo well fene'd and guarded, 
 being' affrighted, they haffned to tell the 
 Committee that thev were betvay'd, 
 
 \i4 
 
Of his own Time.' 71 
 
 And they, not doubting that a difcovcry 
 was made, prefently difpers'd thcmielvcs, 
 waiting for another more convenient 
 Day. But the Lord Lieutenant had fo 
 placd watches that he had taken fome 
 of their Leaders within the walls, who 
 afterwards, being tried and condemn'd 
 for Treafon, were hane'd. Amond 
 thefc were Warren and Jephfon, Colo- 
 nels, and at the fame time members of 
 the Irifh Parliament. Befuies thefe, nine 
 others of the fame Afiembly, being found 
 guilty of the fame crime, were, two 
 years after, the Parliament being pro- 
 rogued to that time, fent into banifh- 
 ment by Aft of Parliament 5 andTtom- 
 fon an Officer, and Lackey a Presbyterian 
 Teacher, were hamAi. But thousih he 
 alone of all their Teachers was taken, 
 yet he had feven more brethren, ailb- 
 ciatcs and partners in this wicked Con- 
 fpiracy : The names of thefe were Cox, 
 Chambers, Hart, Cormack, Bains, King, 
 and Charnock. This Charnock had been 
 Chaplain to Henry Cromwell, advane'd 
 to that dignity by the recommendation 
 F* of 
 
7% Bp. Parker's History 
 
 of John Owen ; he was fent by the 
 Confpirators as their agent to London, 
 and promis'd them great affiftance there % 
 as Gibbs, Car-, and others had done in 
 Scotland and Holland. But the Conipi- 
 racy being now difcover'd, he again fled 
 into England, and changing the name 
 of Charnock into Clark, he cxercis'd 
 great authority at London amongft the 
 Fanaticks, and long prefided in a large 
 Conventicle j for he did not die till two 
 years after, anno\6%-$. and they carried 
 his body through the city to be interr'd 
 with the pomp of a royal funeral. 
 
 They declar'd the caufes of the war 
 to be, That the King had abus'd their 
 patience ; that ncglc&ing the Proteftants, 
 by whofe only help he was reftor'd to 
 his Kingdoms, he had encourag'd only 
 Popilh Ailaffins : That he had taken 
 the cftates which the Protectants (that is 
 Cromwell's Rebels) had merited by iuch 
 dangers and labours, and given them to 
 the Papifts : That is, the King had rc« 
 ftor'd to the lawful owners, men of en- 
 tire fidelity to him, thole eftates which 
 i Cromwell 
 
Or his own Time. 75 
 
 Cromwell had given as rewards to his 
 Soldiers, out of the patrimony of Pa- 
 pifts that had flood by the King, and 
 who had not only approved thcmfelves 
 Gentlemen of firm fidelity to his Ma- 
 jefty, but were indeed the right Owners: 
 And that he had converted a great Tax 
 that had been rais'd to pay the old Sol- 
 diers, to the advantage of the Papifts : 
 And laftly, that the Lord Lieutenant had 
 committed the fame offence, held fecret 
 corrcfpondcncc with Papifts, and appear'd 
 in their behalf in every judgment a- 
 gainft the Proteftants. By which (fay 
 they) we know what is decreed againft 
 us, and therefore let us defend our Coun- 
 try, our Wives and our Children from 
 excifion. And as of old, the people of 
 Ifrael laid violent hands upon Saul, tho" 
 he were a King, when he threatned 
 death to Jonathan^ an innocent man, 
 adjuring him by the immortal God, that 
 he mould not die that day ; to wc doubt 
 not but all purer Proteftants will take 
 arms with us in fo good a caufc. There- 
 fore we proclaim Liberty of Confciencc 
 
 to 
 
74 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 to every one; by which alone we know 
 the Proteftant Religion can be eftablifh'd : 
 We will reftore to every one his Pof- 
 feffions which he poflefs'd before the 
 King's Return 5 and we promife to give 
 the Army their full pay. To perform 
 which, (for fo they conclude) we doubt 
 not but the Lord of Hofts, the Almigh- 
 ty God of Jacob, will ftretch forth his 
 affifting hand. 
 
 The witnefics of this Confpiracy were, 
 befides this informer, Sanford, one alio 
 of their fecrct Committee, Tanner, Scot, 
 Foukes, appointed Officers in the Army, 
 who being taken, made the fame difco- 
 very as the other before had done. But 
 there was a more confidcrable Witnefs 
 than all theft, Sir Thcophilus Jones 5 for 
 whereas they had deliberated chiefly up- 
 on three things ; Firft, whether they 
 fhould kill the King ? Secondly, whe- 
 ther they fhould kill the Duke of Or- 
 mond? And laftly, whether they fhould 
 let a General, or a Council of Officers 
 over the Army? The two former they 
 icfolv'd upon, having coniulted the Scotch 
 
 Prcsby- 
 
Of his own Time.' ~ ?- f§ 
 
 Presbyterians by Cdrntack their emiflfary : 
 And as to the third, they refolv'd not to 
 fet one, but fcveral over the Army. And 
 they chofe Ludlow, Mazarene, Baron 
 Aitdley Merlin Knight, Edward Maf- 
 fey Knight, Richard Ingoldsby Knight, 
 Harry Crornwell y John Skeffinton Knight, 
 Colonel Carr and Theophilus Jones K c . 
 But he being nearer to their Affairs than 
 the reft, and a brave and expericne d Of- 
 ficer, and of great intcrcft among the Sol- 
 diers, they refolv'd to try him firft, which 
 >vas done by Jephfon. He pretended to 
 promifc fecrccy and alTiftance, 5 when iri 
 the mean time being weary of his old 
 Rebellion, he return'd to his Duty, and 
 without delay he difcovcr'd to the Lord 
 Lieutenant all the mcafures of the Con- 
 (piracy which he had lcarn'd homjeph- 
 fon ; and thefe agreeing fo well with 
 yllderis confeffions, gave undoubted proof 
 of the whole defign. But the Difcoverer 
 himfelf, that the difcovery might be the 
 better conccal'd, was thrown into pri- 
 fon along with the reft 5 from whence 
 ft was pretended that he made his e- 
 
 fcapc j 
 
7^ Bp. Parker's History 
 
 fcape y tho' in truth he was privately feat 
 by the Lord Lieutenant into England to 
 the King, and out-law'd for this pretend- 
 ed efcape. 
 
 The King cmbrac'd the man, and bade 
 him go on, and ftill make one in the 
 Councils of the Rebels. Accordingly, 
 he was prefent at all ; neither did he 
 conceal any thing from the King. He 
 held a clofe correfpondence with Lud- 
 low by letters, fent all his letters to the 
 King, and difcover'd whatfoever was 
 tranfa&ed at home : So that the King 
 had all the Confpirators as it were fhut 
 up in a ficge 3 by which means all their 
 projects came to nothing. He performed 
 this fervicc with great fidelity, even to 
 the year 1 666, when being taken amongft 
 other fufpected perfons, by fomc body 
 that was either weak, or ignorant of 
 this contrivance, and fomc letters from 
 the Duke of Ormond's fervants, directed 
 to him, being imprudently publifh'd, he 
 began to be fufpefted amongft his party. 
 Therefore he loft all credit and commerce 
 with them, and from that time quitted 
 
 the 
 
Of his own Time. 77 
 
 the part he was to aft, and retir'd to a 
 private life. Among the Confpirators 
 was Thomas Walcott, an old Captain, 
 the fame that, twenty years after, in 1 6 8 3 , 
 was appointed chief of that defperate 
 Confpiracy, in which they intended to 
 murder the King and the Duke of Tork, 
 in their journey from Newmarket to 
 London : But the villany being difcover'd, 
 he was taken, condemn d and hang'd ; 
 and he and his accomplices freely con- 
 fefs'd the whole at the gallows. In his 
 laft words, in a threatning manner, he 
 advifed the King to take care of himfelf, 
 for that the Confpiracy was laid fo 
 wide, and fo clofe, thro* all the three 
 Kingdoms, that if he had a defire to 
 be fafe, he muft make peace and friend- 
 ship with the Fanaticks; otherwife he 
 and his dcareft Brother would fome time 
 or other fall by their fwords. 
 
 The fame year, 1663, a wider flame 
 of the fame Confpiracy broke out in 
 England, which, if it had not been 
 taken in time and extinguifh'd, would 
 fuddenly have fpread throughout the Na- 
 tion. 
 
78 Bp. P a r k e r's History 
 
 tion. For had not a part of the Coir 
 /piracy in the Northern Counties broke 
 out into action before the time appoint- 
 ed, there is no doubt but the whole 
 wou'd have appeared in a fudden blaze 
 at once 5 for the AiTembly at London had 
 chofen the 12th of OEiober y as the day 
 upon which they mould all at one hour 
 ftand to their arms : But when they could 
 not get every thing ready at London at 
 the appointed time (as it commonly hap- 
 pens) they deferr'd the matter twelve 
 days longer. But the zeal of the Nor- 
 thern men could not refrain it felf fo 
 long, but -fomc of them, on the day 
 firft appointed, appear'd in aims, in a 
 place call'd FarnlyGioy^ near the town 
 of Leeds, rich in woollen manufacture, 
 in the Wefc Riding of lorkfoire. Thcfc 
 being prefently routed and taken, made 
 a difcovery of the whole Confpiracy 5 
 tho' the King indeed had them before,, 
 as it were in a net, as fhail be told here- 
 after. The leader of the Conlpirators 
 was Thomas Oats, a Captain. The chief 
 of the WitnciTes who dilcover'd their 
 
 accom- 
 
Of his own Time. 75) 
 
 accomplices, were his two fons, Ralph 
 Oats, Maftcr of Arts, and his younger 
 brother Samuel, a name in which Rebels 
 and Informers feenrd to have an extra- 
 ordinary fharc. They would have given 
 in evidence upon oath againft their own 
 father, had not the Judges forbid it. 
 Though indeed the thing was io plain 
 without Witneffes, that Oats the father 
 durft not venture himfelf upon his trial, 
 but confciling his crime, implored the 
 King's mercy. I am afraid the Libel in 
 which they acclar'd the caufes of the war, 
 is loft 5 but, as was proved by the feve- 
 ral WitneiTes, it was made up of thele 
 articles, whereby all parties of Schifma- 
 ticks might be more eaftly drawn into 
 their caufe. The firft, which was in 
 favour of the Presbyterians, was for re- 
 ftoring the authority of the old Rebel- 
 Parliament. The next was for rcftoring 
 the ejected Minifters. And then, that 
 all of them might be footh'd at once, 
 Liberty of Confcience was to be allowed 
 to every one > Tithes and Taxes were 
 to betaken off: And laftly, all the an- 
 1 tient 
 
So Bp. Parker's History 
 
 tient Liberties of their Country, that 
 had been violated by the long tyranny 
 of Kings, were to be renew'd by force 
 of arms. And, to fay all in a word, 
 all the Fanaticks were for different rea- 
 fons, but with one content, to wage war 
 inceffantly againft the prefent ftate of 
 affairs under kingly Government. 
 
 And therefore the chief contrivers of 
 this Confpiracy were fome Presbyterians 
 that were eje&ed on that fad day of Si. 
 Bartholomew ; more efpecially Richard- 
 forty a Do&or of Divinity, Dean of Rip- 
 fon, a man infamous for drunkennefs, 
 lewdnefs, and all manner of debauchery ; 
 and Marfden, formerly Chaplain to O- 
 verton, an Anabaptift Colonel, Govcr- 
 nour of Hull. Richardfon manag d all 
 affairs in the Country 5 Marfden was for 
 the mod part their agent with the Af- 
 fembly at London-, that he might fend 
 their commands to the leffer meetings 
 in the country, which they always pro- 
 claimed in their Conventicles. Both of 
 them, the Confpiracy being difcover'd, 
 were profcrib'd. Richardfon died \\\ 
 
 exile § 
 
Of his own Time. 8i 
 
 exile 5 Marfden changing his name to 
 Ralph/on, liv'd twenty years fafe at Lon- 
 don, and had a large Conventicle under 
 his care ; for he did not die till 1683. 
 To thefc were join'd other Schifma- 
 ticks of the fame condition in other 
 places. Fijher lately of Sheffield, a place 
 famous for iron- work, promised a great 
 number of thofe artificers ; as did Har- 
 mat age, ejected out of Holbec. Stedd 
 a Scot, who had been thrown out of a 
 Parifti in "Devonshire, held the office of 
 a Legate and Nuncio between the Eng- 
 lijh Fanaticks and his own countrymen. 
 But the molt aftive of all in the af- 
 fair, was one Atkinfon, a travelling Ped- 
 lar, who in his little fhop that hung at 
 his back, carried letters through all parts 
 of the Kingdom with incredible expe- 
 dition. They had alfo officers on every 
 fide, who might in a moment head their 
 Soldiers, as it were in their proper Quar- 
 ters, in the nearcft county of Notting- 
 ham, Bifhoprick of Durham and Lan- 
 cafhire. But thofe in whom they plac'd 
 their chief confidence and hopes, faird 
 
 G them 
 
8z Bp. Parker's History 
 
 them mot Smith f on > formerly Lieu- 
 tenant Colonel to Lilbnrn> and Great- 
 head, Lieutenant Colonel to Lambert, 
 were the one appointed General of the 
 North, the other of the Weft Riding 
 of Torkjhire. But thefc truly volunta- 
 rily difcover'd the whole matter at Tork. 
 By which difcovery they loft all oppor- 
 tunity of meeting together 5 fo that when 
 Oats had hid a few of his men in the 
 wood at night, they had fcarcc feparated 
 at break of day, before mod: of them 
 were carried off from their march into 
 prifon. So happy was the end of fo 
 dangerous a Confpiracy. But indeed 
 the King was beforehand with them in 
 knowing all their counfcls ; for thus he 
 fpeaks to both Houfes, in a fpecch which 
 he made to his Parliament, the year af- 
 ter, on the 2 1 ft of March. 
 
 " By the late northern rebellion you 
 " find, that our old enemies whom we 
 " have fo mercifully fpar'd, have by 
 " no means laid afide their antient ha- 
 " trcd. But you have not yet fcarch'd 
 
 " to 
 
Or his own Time, 85 
 
 * to the bottom of that villany. Be- 
 u lieve mc, it is but a little part of the 
 " confpiracy that is found out, it being 
 u the offspring of that former one , 
 u which I difcovcr'd to you two years 
 ic ago ; and which daily increafes and 
 " fprcads into all parts. But all their 
 u counfels are known to me ; and in- 
 " deed if I had not firft known the 
 " hour, and the feveral places of their 
 " meetings in the North, and had not 
 " daily difappointcd them, not only by 
 " the Militia, but my own Guards, they 
 " would foon have appear'd openly in 
 " great numbers in the field. 
 
 " Nor do you think that the puniftV 
 u ment of a few has put a flop to it, 
 " but at the very fame time that they fee 
 " their accomplices going to the place ' 
 <c of execution, they arc purfuing the 
 " fame wicked mcafurcs. I certainly 
 " know that they have correfpondence 
 "with all defperate abandon'd men in 
 u every county, and a great aiTembly in 
 tc this city, by whofe advice all things 
 <c are tranfaded in the country 5 and by 
 G 2 " their 
 
?4 Bp. Parkers History 
 
 " their command they luckily deferr'd 
 " their laft defign 5 for when by their 
 " ill conduct the Confpiracy was broken 
 " and divided, it naturally came to no- 
 " thing. I am nearer to all their coun- 
 " fels than they, with all their cunning, 
 " fufpect, and I hope I mail fiiortly ac- 
 " quaint you with all their villany. In 
 " the mean time let us all watch with 
 " greater diligence for the fafety of the 
 " Kingdom, than they do for its de- 
 " ftru&ion. 
 
 Hence it appears, from the tcftimony 
 of the King himfelf, who had iccn 
 thro' the whole defign, what was the 
 ftate of affairs in thofe times : That they 
 never had, and never would make peace 
 with him ; that the war they waged, 
 was to be a perpetual one, and no arms 
 to be laid down, but in the deftruction 
 of the one or the other, or perhaps of 
 both, as it commonly happens. For at 
 the fame time that thefc things were 
 done in the North, they incited the 
 people to Rebellion by infamous Libels : 
 
 For 
 
Of his own Time. 8j 
 
 For whereas the 1 2th of October was 
 the day appointed for taking arms, four 
 days before, fomc papers haftning thro' 
 the prefs, and almoft fmifh'd, were feiz'd. 
 In thefe the horrid murder of King 
 Charles the firft was juftify'd and extoll'd. 
 They affirm'd that there had not been 
 fo glorious and pious a work done fincc 
 the times of the Apoftles j that the ho- 
 ly Martyrs leaving Heaven would be wil- 
 ling to fuffer again for fo good a caufe ; 
 that no pious man upon earth would 
 decline it ; that they were to be accurf- 
 ed who would not come to its afliftance 5 
 that the City, Town or Country that 
 would not join in it, would perifh by 
 divine Vengeance, and the like. Pour 
 Printers were taken 5 one of thefe, 
 whofe name was Twine, was hang'd 5 
 three others being call: into prifon, two 
 of them died of grief and anguifh of 
 mind, and their funerals were attended 
 with a train of followers, at leaft three 
 thoufand men. 
 
 In the beginning of the following 1664. 
 year, which was 1664, a war was re- 1665. 
 
 G 3 folved 
 
$6 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 folved upon again!!: the 'Dutch, by the 
 unanimous confent of both Houtes, on 
 the 26th of May. For whereas they 
 had with great contempt and infolencc 
 committed great violences and piracies 
 upon the Englijh merchants for a long 
 time; they added the fummer before 
 publick, and perhaps unheard of trea- 
 chery to thole private injuries. For 
 when the Eng/ifh and 'Dutch, at the re- 
 queft of the latter, fent their confederate 
 Fleets againft xhzAlgerine Rovers, whilft 
 Law/on, the Admiral of the King's Fleet, 
 with equal fidelity and bravery purfued 
 the enemy ; Renter, the Admiral of the 
 Dutch Fleet, by the command of the 
 States, fhcer'd by ftcalth to the Coafls of 
 Guinea, and without any war declared, 
 attack'd the Englijh that were icatter'd 
 and difpers'd upon the coaft. By which 
 villany the anger and indignation of the 
 Englijh Nation was fo provok'd, that 
 they never before concurr'd, with io ge- 
 neral and unanimous a fpirit, as now, 
 to revenge this treachery. However, a 
 year was fpent in the preparations for 
 
 war, 
 
Op his own Time. 87 
 
 war, and in the demands of a jtifl: peace, 
 if it were poffibk to be obtain'd. But 
 when the King's Embailadors had rccciv'd 
 nothing but fcorn and reproaches, in the 
 beginning of the following fpring, on 
 the 2 2d of May, the King's Fleet fail'd 
 out of port for the war 3 of the event 
 of which we fhall fpeak under the next 
 year. In the mean time the Schifma- 
 ticks, when they found the King in- 
 volved in fo great a war, were animated, 
 and lifted up themfclvcs with more than 
 ufual boldnefs. And on the other hand, 
 the King and Parliament having now 
 fufficiently experiene'd the impudence 
 and fpirit of their faftion, reiblv'd to 
 check and curb their infolencc by ftricter 
 laws ; left being engag'd in a foreign 
 war, they might be difturb'd by intcf- 
 tine tumults. Por the rcfolution of Par- 
 liament was hardly pafs'd againft the 
 'Dutch, when forthwith complaints were 
 daily brought to the Parliament from 
 every part of the kingdom, of outrage- 
 ous and tumultuary commotions of the 
 Panaticks. Hereupon the old Aft of 
 G 4 Queen 
 
8 8 Bp. Parkers History 
 
 Queen Elizabeth, made in the 35th of 
 her Reign, againft Conventicles, was 
 now revived and enlarg'd. 
 
 For the firft offence, the Schifmaticks 
 were fin'd five pounds 5 for the fecond, 
 ten 5 for the third, they were to be pu- 
 niflVd with banifhment ; and if they re- 
 turn'd without leave, with death. And 
 in the next place, by the King's Procla- 
 mation, all the Cromisjellian Officers were 
 order'd to depart twenty miles from 
 London. And the Juftices and Deputy 
 Lieutenants in the feveral counties, be- 
 ing animated by the example of the King 
 and Parliament, difpers'd their meetings 
 in cities and towns every where. Which 
 when the Schifmaticks law done in ear- 
 ner!:, mod of them eafily gave way : The 
 Quakers alone flood out, becaufe fcarce 
 any thing was fo fundamental a piece of 
 Religion with them, as non-fubmifllon 
 to human authority : Therefore they 
 met the oftner, becaufe they were for- 
 bid to do fo ; nor could they be fepa- 
 rated by any force, till a merry fellow 
 thought of this ftratagem ; He proclaim'd 
 
 in 
 
Of his own Time. 8? 
 
 in the King's name, that no one fhould 
 depart without leave. Which he had 
 fcarcely done, when they all went about 
 their bufinefs, for fear of obeying man. 
 Nor did they long ftand out 5 for when 
 they found that their friends were daily 
 taken, and lent into banilhmcnt, and 
 carried away into the Englijh Plantati- 
 ons in America, and that they could not 
 return without danger of death ; being 
 affrighted, they began to take care of 
 their outward man (as thefe Enthufiafts 
 exprefs themfclves.) Thus the Sectaries 
 being depriv'd of the liberty of aflcm- 
 bling together throughout the nation, 
 they kept quiet that year. The fame 
 was alfo commanded and done at the 
 fame time in Scotland. And whereas 
 about the fame time they had tranflated 
 Buchanans book of the right of the 
 Kingdom of Scotland, which was writ- 
 ten in Latin, into English, the more to 
 intoxicate the people, and feduce them 
 from their faith and allegiance 5 the 
 Kings Council ftri&ly prohibited the 
 reading it, by a threatning Proclama- 
 tion 5 
 
<?o Bp. Parker's History 
 
 tion ; which was formerly done in 1584, 
 by an Ad of Parliament againft the La- 
 tin book it felf. But one plague being 
 cxtinguifh'd, prefently another began to 
 fpread, and went thro* almofl the whole 
 nation, with the grcateft {laughter that 
 had been in the memory of man, even 
 of two hundred thoufand men. Whence 
 it happen'd that the Parliament was pro- 
 rogued to the following year : Nor did 
 they meet till October, being fummon- 
 cd to Oxford, as neceffity required. 
 
 Altho' a Peftilence us'd to give refpite 
 from War, yet it did not now produce 
 any ceifation of arms : For the Duke 
 of York, Lord High-Admiral of England, 
 with incredible expedition, had fitted 
 out the compleateft fleet that ever fail'd 
 from an Englijh Port 5 and in the be- 
 ginning of the fpring, with great zeal 
 for fighting, to increafe his glory, he 
 almofl: befic^d the 'Dutch Shoars for two 
 months. Nor was the Enemy's Fleet 
 feen by ours, till the firft of July, and 
 yet the light was on the fifth. Opdam, 
 the Commander of their Fleet, was bred 
 
 up 
 
Of his own Time. 91 
 
 up in wars at iea ; of a noble birth, and 
 a brave man, thoroughly cxperienc d in 
 iia-affairs. 
 
 But the Duke of Tork, tho' the ?noft 
 famous Commander of his time at land y 
 had (carce ever before i^ccn a Fight at 
 fea : Yet with how great a flaughter of 
 men, and deftru&ion of fhips, did this 
 young Sea-man rout this old Officer ! 
 Opdam himfelf, together with four other 
 Sea-officers, eight thoufand Men, and 
 eighteen Ships, half of which were Ships 
 of the largefl fize, perifh'd in one day's 
 fight 5 the reft fled : Nor perhaps had fo 
 much as a fifher-boat of the Enemy's c- 
 fcap'd, if night, or rather, if treachery 
 had not at once put an end to the Bat- 
 tle, and to Viftory. So great was the 
 number of the prifoners, that a new 
 Fleet of fca-men and foldiers feenVd to 
 be coming into port. For fuch always 
 was the Duke's clemency in w r ar, that 
 he chofe to fparc the blood of his ene- 
 mies as much as pofliblc, even as if they 
 had been his countrymen ; therefore he 
 fent out his tranfports, to take up the 
 3 "Dutch 
 
5>i Bp. Parker's History 
 
 'Dutch that were ftrusglins; with the 
 ocean. Whence the Engliflo Navy came 
 fafe into the haven, with as it were re- 
 doubled force, having loft but one little 
 fhip. 
 
 While the whole Nation labour'd at 
 once with all the grievous calamities of 
 Pcftilence and War, the Schifmaticks a- 
 gain lifted up themfelves with the hopes 
 of liberty : For they never think them- 
 felves happy, but in the miferies of their 
 country. Therefore, all good men be- 
 ing intent upon other matters, they al- 
 fo endeavour, with all their might, to 
 re-eftablifli their intcreft, being very fo- 
 licitous, and watching every difference 
 of fortune. If the Kings Fleet had 
 been beaten, they had prefently join'd 
 in open war > but whereas it overcame, 
 that defign was put off to another time. 
 Nor did they only confpire at home, 
 but abroad ; and with a foreign enemy, 
 againft their country : For at the fame 
 time, there was an Aflcmbly of Rebels 
 that fate in Holland, who join'd coun- 
 fels with the very States themfelves, al- 
 3 though 
 
Of his own Time. 25 
 
 though to that time, there had been a 
 perfect CarthaginianWw with the States. 
 Not a few voluntiers, mov'd only by 
 their love of Rebellion, and hatred to 
 their Country, entred themfelves in the 
 Enemy's Fleet. And fome of thefe arc 
 prefently fo highly honour'd among the 
 'Dutch , that they were thought to 
 have merited the higheft offices in their 
 Republick. 
 
 But the moft feditious of all, were 
 the fchifmatical Preachers, who having 
 been quell'd the year before, the King- 
 dom being now otherwife engaged, 
 they take frefli liberty, and rage on eve- 
 ry fide with greater fury : Before the 
 people, again affembled in their Con- 
 venticles, they preach only of Perfec- 
 tion and Tyranny $ that now was the 
 time of recovering their Liberty, that 
 perhaps they fhou'd have no more, if 
 this war was profperoufly ended. And 
 Cromwell's Officers were fo far from be- 
 ing difcourag d by fo many unfortunate 
 attempts of their accomplices, from 
 hoping for better fuccefs, that they were 
 
 rather 
 
24 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 rather more animated, and made more 
 fierce 5 and were now at length refolv'd 
 to make their laft pufh. Hence arofe a 
 new Confpiracy, which yet the great vi- 
 gilance of the great Duke of Albemarle 
 prevented, before it broke out into open 
 force. There was a large conflux of 
 them from every part to London? where, 
 by the greatnefs of the city, they might 
 more eafily conceal their numbers 5 and 
 making one general affault by night, they 
 might furprize their Enemies before they 
 could ftand to their arms. But the bet- 
 ter to compafs their point, they refolv'd 
 to deftroy London by fire 5 which they 
 would have done on the 2 d of Septem- 
 ber ', the very fame day, and in the fame 
 manner, in which it was burnt the year 
 following. And this they would do, 
 not only mov'd by the prcdi&ion of 
 Lilly ? a certain Cunning man, but the 
 very tokens of the ftars themfelves 5 for 
 at that moment of time they laid a 
 planet wou'd rule, that portended eter- 
 nal deftrudion to Monarchy. 
 
 But 
 
Of his own Time. 5*5 
 
 But a difcovcry being fcafonably made 
 Of the Confpiracy, the chief Leaders 
 were taken, and executed, Rathbone 7 
 Sanders, Tucker, Flint, Evans, Miles, 
 Weflcote and Cole. The reft of the 
 Confpirators cfcap'd. There was a cer- 
 tain perfon nam'd Alexander, an old Sol- 
 dier in Cromwell's army, and even a 
 Lieutenant Colonel in Cromwell's troop, 
 who is yet alive, that was the head of 
 the Confpiracy. He paid all the Rebels, 
 aflign'd them their pofts in the city, and 
 indeed was the principal manager of the 
 war. To this fellow, together with his 
 afibciates, when they repented of their 
 wickcdnefs, or rather misfortune, be- 
 caufe all their endeavours were ftilL 
 fruftratcd, the King afterwards granted 
 pardon for all their crimes, that at length 
 they might be quiet. Which being ob~ 
 tain'd, he was not afraid to relate the 
 whole ftory to his friends, over a chcar- 
 ful glafs 5 from whom I have recciv a 
 this and a great deal more, agreeable to 
 the matters recorded in court. I know 
 thole to whom he jelling fhew'd the place 
 
 where 
 
96 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 where their Parliament fate (for fo he 
 caird the Affembly of the Rebels) and 
 from whom he receiv'd inftru&ions and 
 commands to carry to the Confpirators 
 abroad. Nor that only, but he alio faid 
 there was another Affembly in Holland, 
 and that both correfponded with each 
 other, and with the States themfelves ; 
 neither was any thing done againft their 
 country, but by the common refolutions 
 of both. This was the very fame A- 
 lexander, who, tho' he had always be- 
 hav'd himfelf bravely in Cromwell's Re- 
 bellion, and never fear'd any danger in 
 the feveral Conspiracies againft the King; 
 yet afterwards, in Monmouth's Rebellion, 
 in which he was Colonel of Horfe, as if 
 he had been feiz'd with a terrible pan- 
 nick, he could not bear the fight of the 
 Enemy, nor make the leaft ftand, but 
 was one of the firft that actually fled> 
 if one turn'd his back before another. 
 Whether his fpirits were broken by the 
 confeioufhefs of guilt, or whether he 
 was feiz'd with a fudden dejc&ion of 
 mind (as it is reported of fome brave 
 
 men) 
 
Op his own Time* 97 
 
 men) or was wcakned with age (what- 
 ever it was) inch abjeel cowardife and 
 pufillanimity, in a man fo flout and cou- 
 ragious, was a wonder to all that wcrG 
 prefeiit at the action. But whereas he 
 was one of the firft that fled, he efcap'd 
 from danger, and being at this time at- 
 tainted for Trealbn, he cither lies hid 
 at home, or is in exile abroad. Such 
 is the innate inclination of thofe men to 
 Rebellion, that it cannot be rooted out 
 by kindnefs, nor worn out by age 5 but 
 their body being unable to accomplifh 
 their wickednefs, their lpirits arc yet 
 vigorous enough to attempt it. But in- 
 deed the cowardife of Alexander was 
 not Angular, but common to all the 
 horfe : Por thefe fuddenly coming upon 
 the enemy, in the filencc of the night, 
 at the firft difchargc of a gun from the 
 King's forces, they all to a man betook 
 themfelvcs to flight ; to that they were 
 all equally ignorant whether there had 
 been any fight at all 5 and every one 
 was ignorant, not only of what his 
 companions, but what he himfelf had 
 H done 
 
28 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 done. Nor could the officers and fol- 
 diers that were taken upon the field of 
 battle, when the King afterwards ask'd 
 them which way, and how near they 
 came to the enemy, in what place they 
 began to fight, how long they fought, 
 whence they began to fly, and laftly, 
 whither they went after their flight ? re- 
 turn any anfwer, but that when they 
 found they were fallen among the ene- 
 my, but in what place they knew not, 
 their whole cavalry was broke and dif- 
 pers'd, as it were by common confent $ 
 and then ftragling in the darknefs of the 
 night, at break of day they ftole away 
 into their nearcft faftneffes h and news 
 being brought of the entire victory o- 
 ver their companions ( for the infantry 
 flood fome time) every one fhifted for 
 his fafety as well as he could. This was 
 the conduft of that great officer, who 
 had bravely perform'd the part of a com- 
 mander, who had tried all the hazards 
 of war, who had taken Maeflrick by a 
 bold, and till then unheard of impe- 
 tuofity 5 who diftinguiuYd himfclf among 
 4 the 
 
Or h i s own Tim e. ,99 
 
 the firft and braved in the fharp and 
 bloody battle of Mons \ this, I fay, was 
 the infatuated conduct of this great Ge- 
 neral. So very different from one an- 
 other arc a Soldier and a Rebel ! 
 
 But to proceed with our Annals : The 
 Parliament being provok'd with fuch 
 frequent rifings of the Rebels, refolv'd 
 to pluck up the roots of thefe evils, by 
 one effectual Law : By this all the teach- 
 ers were banifh'd five miles from every 
 city, town, or parim from whence they 
 had been ejecled, unleis they would take 
 this oath, That it was unlawful to take 
 up arms againft the King, upon any pre- 
 tencc whatfocver ; and that they did in 
 their confcicnce abhor that damnable 
 do&rinc and pofition, that it was lawful 
 to bear arms by his authority, either a 
 gainft himfelf, or thofe that were com- 
 miflion d by him 5 and laftly, that they 
 would attempt no innovation in Church 
 or State. Unleis they did this, they 
 were to be fin'd forty pounds > and if 
 this money was not paid, they were to 
 be impriibned for fix months, and were 
 H 2 to 
 
ioo Bp. Parker's History 
 
 to be punifh'd in the fame manner as 
 often as they fhould offend. A few of 
 them took this oath 5 moft of the reft 
 were driven into the country, where there 
 was neither fufficient numbers of men, 
 nor opportunity of hiding; after this they 
 for the moft part liv'd quiet : Neither 
 indeed were the Schifmaticks ever' fo 
 much broken by any Law, as by this. 
 Therefore the domeftick enemy being 
 fecur'd by this Law, they reach'd the fo- 
 reign one by palling another ,' for by Act 
 of Parliament, all the fugitive fubjetts 
 of the King of England, that rcfided in 
 the United Provinces, were commanded 
 to return home, under pain of being 
 guilty of high trcafon, in three months 
 time. Amongft thefc were fummoned 
 byname, c Doleman> Bamfield, and Scot, 
 the fon of the regicide Scot; perfons 
 that deferved to be for ever proicribed. 
 And preiently after, by the King's Pro- 
 clamation, John c Desborozy > Thomas 
 Kelfy, and many others of the Cromwel- 
 Han officers, and the reft of the Rebels, 
 were fummoned under the lame penal- 
 tics. 
 
Op his own Time. ioi 
 
 tics. They who came, were, for a re- 
 ward of their obedience, permitted to 
 live in their country : They who refus'd 
 were banifh'd for ever. 
 
 In the following year, a new war was 
 begun, or rather the old one was renew'd, 
 by a league (truck between the French 
 and 'Dutch, againft the Englifb. On 
 the firft of July the Englifb fleet fail'd 
 out of port. Soon after the King's 
 Privy Council were inform'd, either by 
 the fubtlety of the enemy, or rather by 
 fomc treachery, that the French fleet was 
 nigh at hand, but the Dutch wou'd icarce 
 get out to fca in a fortnight. That there- 
 fore the enemies might be deftroy'd be- 
 fore they were join'd, Rupert, Prince 
 ^Palatine, who was join'd in equal power 
 with the Duke of Albemarle over the 
 fleet, was commanded to meet xhcFrench : 
 And he failing with half the fleet a- 
 gainft the enemy, who were not yet come 
 out of port, the Dutch came by furprizc, 
 with a double number of (hips, upon 
 the other fquadron. Albemarle, un- 
 acquainted with fear, and being un- 
 H 3 accuitom'd 
 
ioi Bp. Parkers History 
 
 accuilom'd to fly, and too great a de~ 
 fpifer of the enemy, having long and 
 often tried the Tliitch valour, joyfully 
 bore up to give battle : They fought 
 for three days with incredible fury, while 
 the greatcrl part of the English fleet, 
 having loll their mads and yards, lay 
 unmov'd, and fo engaged with the ene- 
 my, as if it had been a fight at land , 
 in which article of time, Rupert ', whom 
 the noife of the guns had rcach'd from 
 afar, came fcafonably in with full fail, 
 to the relief of his friends ; and now 
 immediately the fiercenefs of the engage- 
 ment began to be renew'd with the ene- 
 my, now fomewhat confounded 5 and 
 the Englijh-, inflam'd both with anger 
 and revenge, fought with iuch ardour 
 that they almoft overcame the ^Dutch* 
 who were amazed at their uncommon 
 gallantry and behaviour in the fight ; fof 
 they did not permit them to fight^ at a 
 diftancc, with their guns, as is ufual, 
 but breaking into the very center of 
 their fleet, they poured in thick their 
 broadftdes upon them from every quar- 
 ter : 
 
Of his own Time. 103 
 
 ter : But at length, in the evening Prince 
 Rupert's maft being broke, the battle 
 ceafed. In the mean while the T)utch> 
 aftonifh'd at this unfupportable mock, 
 foberly fail'd off. And becaufc they once 
 got away without being utterly deftroy'd, 
 they fprcad great reports all over Europe* 
 of an entire victory over the Englijh 5 as 
 if hardly one little vcflcl had efcap'd, 
 coining medals to confirm them. Yet 
 in the following month of Augufi, 
 when another battle was fought, they 
 hardly made a ftand for four hours : For 
 four Vice- Admirals, and fix Captains of 
 mips being (lain in fo fhort a time, and 
 two Vice-Admiral mips being deftroy'd, 
 overborn by fo furious an attack, they 
 bore away as fail as they could ; only 
 Tromp with his fquadron maintained 
 the fight againft one of the Englift with 
 his uiual bravery and courage, till the 
 evening : But being left by his country- 
 men, he ftolc away in the night. The 
 Englijh now block'd up their ports and 
 their fhores, challenging them in vain 
 to fight. But at laft, before they went 
 H 4 away, ' 
 
io4 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 away, a little veffel call'd in jeft by the 
 name of the Fanfan? that is, the Trifle, 
 having two fmall guns on board, being 
 fent into the harbour, attack'd the Ad- 
 miral, often firing at him; and at length 
 having fuffcr'd a little by two bullets, 
 (he rcturn'd to the Englifi Fleet 5 the 
 fpcclators on one fide laughing, and on 
 {he other part, raging at fiich an ad 
 of contempt upon fp proud a nation. 
 And ib much for thefc matters; but as 
 the Confpiracy had been univcrial, the 
 Scots not daunted by what their allies 
 had fuffcr'd, would not be wanting to 
 the Confederacy, which they had under- 
 taken to defend ; efpccially their tcaclv 
 crs, who in the former year being pu- 
 nifh'd by the fame Law as the English 
 Schifmatickswerc, broke out with equal 
 , fury, except that perhaps the Scots were 
 fiercer, as being more fevcrcly punifh'd * 
 for the Englijh were banifh'd only five 
 miles from any city or town ; the Scotch 
 were banifh'd twenty from their own 
 parifhes, fix from a city, and three from 
 a town 3 neither were two of them fuf- 
 
 tcr'd 
 
Of his own Tike. 105 
 
 fcr'd to fettle in the fame place. Being 
 mov'd therefore by fuch great indigni- 
 ties oflfer'd to the faints of God, they 
 inceflantly ftirr'd up the people to fight 
 the battles of the Great Jehovah. 
 
 But all their counfcls, as of the other 
 parts of the Confpiracy, were laid open 
 to the King. He therefore watch'd all 
 their fteps, that they might not proceed 
 farther than he plcafcd 5 and at length, 
 when he pcrcciv'd the affair would come 
 to arms, he made hafte to reftrain them 
 by force. There were two excellent 
 officers, ^Deyell and 'Drummond, who 
 having flood with inviolable fidelity on 
 the King's fide, in the heat of the 
 Rebellion againft Charles the firft, be- 
 ing oblig'd to leave the Kingdom in 
 Cromwell's time , fled to Mufcovy> 
 where, when they had done military 
 fervice for fomc time, they fo diftin- 
 guifh'd themfcives by their bravery and 
 conduct, that they were made Com- 
 manders of all the forces of the Kins;- 
 dom. "Deyell had the firft place of com- 
 mand, TDrummond the fecond : In which 
 
 high 
 
io£ Bp- Parker's History 
 
 high honour they liv d many years, to 
 their own and their country's glory. At 
 length, this very year Charles the fecond, 
 by letters to the Czar y requir'd that they 
 might have leave to return to their 
 country. The Czar, tho' unwilling to 
 part with men of fo much ufe and au- 
 thority, and only becaufe he was oblig'd 
 by the common Law of Nations, dif- 
 mifs'd them with the moll: remarkable 
 honour and munificence. Thefe Gentle- 
 men coming to London, and being as 
 gracioufly receiv'd as they deferv'd, were 
 forthwith fent into Scotland, to head all 
 the forces there with the fame command 
 as in Mufcovy 5 where there were two 
 bodies of veteran foldiers got together ; 
 the one of foot, under T^eyell, the o- 
 ther of horfe, under <r Drummond. Com- 
 ing into Scotland in the month of Au~ 
 gufty they difpatch'd matters with fucli 
 diligence, that before the firft of No- 
 vember they had an army ready and fit 
 for fervice. With thefe forces, altho* 
 the Fanaticks were a little furpriz'd, yet 
 they were not quite frighted, altho* the 
 
 Con- 
 
Of his own Time. 107 
 
 Confpiracy broke out into open war a 
 little fooner than*they had themfelves 
 refolv'd. There was a Gentleman, emi- 
 nent in peace and war, Sir James Tur- 
 ner, Knight, a Colonel of foot, and alfo 
 of a pleafant wit, and fluent eloquence, 
 and a moft zealous enemy to the Fana- 
 ticks ; and therefore, fome years before, 
 by the command of the King s Council, 
 he was fent to fupprefs the faction : For 
 whereas the Earl of Middleton> the firft 
 Lord High Commiflioner, after the King's 
 return, did, in 1662, command all the 
 minifters, either to obey the Bifhops, or 
 quit their Churches, moft of them hid 
 themfelves in the weftern parts of Scot- 
 land. To reftrain thefe, that were daily 
 tumultuous, Turner was fent firft, by the 
 Kings Privy Council ; and he, in the 
 beginning, that is, in the year 1663, 
 treated the Fanaticks gently and face- 
 tioufly, and without inflicting any penal- 
 ty, won over not a few of them, by 
 the fwectnefs of his behaviour. The 
 next year, he being call'd to the city of 
 Glajgow, the people rclaps'd to their 
 
 Conven- 
 
xo8 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 Conventicles 5 but returning the next 
 year, both by authority, and by admo- 
 nitions, he for fome time reftrain'd them 
 from open rage : But when he was a fe- 
 cond time call'd away, their meetings 
 were held more than ufually ; therefore 
 in 1666, when by the command of 
 Council, he exereis'd a ftrictcr govern- 
 ment over them, efpccially in demand- 
 ing their fines, on the 1 5 th of 'Decem- 
 ber, about two hundred armed men fud- 
 denly furprizd him, being not only in 
 his winter quarters at c Dunfrize y but fick 
 in bed, and his foldiers every where 
 difpers'd in the neighbouring villages \ 
 and, plundering him of no final 1 quan- 
 tity of money, which he had ready to 
 pay his foldiers, they carried him away 
 prifoner. The day after, the leader of 
 this tumult, who had enrich'd himfelf 
 with no fmal 1 booty of Turner 's money, 
 pack'd up his effects, and deferted his 
 companions. Who he was, or whence 
 he came, none of them knew; only 
 that he call'd himfelf by the name of 
 Gray, and faid his authority was given 
 
 him 
 
Of his own Time. 109 
 
 him by a fupcrior power. But what 
 that power was, and how conftituted, 
 no body knew. They were fo much 
 in love with fedition, that they were 
 lifted in a moment's time, by an un- 
 known perfon, and haftned to arms up- 
 on any pretence whatsoever. I believe 
 indeed that he was not one of the fac- 
 tion, but ibmc cunning rogue, who 
 coming by chance into the knowledge 
 of the Conipiracy, made ule of this 
 ftratagem by way of robbery, and hav- 
 ing luckily compafs'd the point, the 
 fpectre vanifh'd, and was no where fincc 
 to be found. The day after, three o- 
 thers were fubftituted into the place of 
 their loft General ; one of whom was 
 Robinfon by name, and he was a teacher ; 
 and the next day, John Wells, a famous 
 preacher of Rebellion and the Gofpcl, 
 join'd them. Both the preachers vifited 
 Turner, and endeavour'd to bring him 
 over to them, fometimes by threats, and 
 fometimes by flatteries. He, cither in 
 jeft or contempt, order'd fomc ale to 
 ha brought him. Robinfon, before he 
 
 WOUld 
 
no Bp. Parker's History 
 
 would let him drink, thus be: d the 
 cup j boldly calling upon God, That he, 
 without delay, woi/d come to the aid of 
 his holy army s and imlefi he mot 1 7 fpee- 
 dily come, threatning that they would 
 
 for fake him, for that it was his caufe, 
 not theirs $ and unlefs he would fight for 
 himfelf, it was not their bnfinefs to fight 
 
 for him. Believe me, theft were the 
 very words of the mad Enthufiaft. "n 
 the 29 th of "December (.being Sunday 1 
 council of their Leaders was held, in 
 which were two and thirty preach . ; 
 and they commanded the Solemn League 
 and Covenant to be (worn to by their 
 whole army, as it were by way of luf- 
 tration. At which time it was difputed 
 whether they fhould prcfentiy kill Tur- 
 ner, or not 5 it being one of the arti- 
 cles of the Covenant, That they would 
 bring all malignants to due punilhmentc 
 They agreed upon the death of the man? 
 but they were much divided in their o- 
 pinions, whether they fhould kill him 
 immediately, or keep him for a more 
 folemn facritice. At length, the opinion 
 
 of 
 
Of his own Time. in 
 
 of thofe that were for deferring it, pre- 
 vails, becaufe that would be the fe- 
 verer punifhment. Then they proceed- 
 ed to tempt the brave man, being al- 
 moft fpent for want of fleep, with the 
 fear of death. He told them he did not 
 fear death, but fince he muft die, it did 
 not fignify much, whether it was by a 
 fever, or a gun, a fword, an ax, or a 
 halter. At length, on the 30 th of jCte- 
 cetnber, the King's army found out the 
 enemy, whom they had been long in 
 queft of, about two miles from Edin- 
 burgh , and prefently engaging, they 
 fought briskly on both fides. T^rum- 
 mond begun the battle with a hundred 
 horfe, againft three hundred of the ene- 
 my. At the firfl: onfet, there fell of 
 the enemy, two great leaders, and in- 
 deed trumpeters of war, Crookjhank, and 
 Mac-Cormacky veteran foldiers, and ve- 
 teran preachers : At whofe fate the reft 
 being affrighted, gave way : Prefently 
 Ogi/by, with another troop of horfe, ad- 
 vanced to the enemy, between whom 
 there was a notable fight, and a doubt- 
 ful 
 
fix Bp< Parker's History 
 
 ful battle. But the King's horfe, over- 
 powered by the number of the encriiy, 
 retired a little, to whom 'Deyell lent 
 the right wing of the horfe to relieve 
 them. Thefe being too clofe togethef* 
 in a ftrait and narrow place, were a 
 hindrance to each other; which when 
 the left wing of the Rebels obferved, 
 they made a warm attack upon them; 
 infomuch that the King's forces gave 
 back a little, but prcfently recovering 
 their ranks, they ftop'd the force of the 
 enemy. But when Lermont, formerly a 
 taylor, but now Commander of the 
 right wing of the Rebels, obferv'd the 
 diibrder in the right wing of the Roy- 
 alifts, he imprudently quitted the place 
 in which he flood againft ( Druinmond> 
 fo that the victory was the more eafily 
 compleated where it firft begun. As 
 foon as ^Drttmmondy and the illuftrious 
 Duke of Hamilton (who flood apart on 
 the oppofite fide, with a choicn troop of 
 horfe) had obferv'd this, they attack'd 
 them on that fide with fuch vigour, that 
 their horfe being driven back upon their 
 
 foot, 
 
Of his own Time. 1x3 
 
 Foot, they were put to a precipitate 
 flight. The Rebels were not more in 
 number than 1200, a third part had 
 fhifted for thcmfelvcs by flight before 
 the Battle ; altho' a thoufand fix hun- 
 dred had fworn by the Covenant that 
 they would not defert. So little true bra- 
 very is there, without the aflurancc of 
 a good Confciencc ! There were eighty 
 flain, and as many taken. But becaufc 
 the Battle was begun at the approach of 
 Night, there was more of flight than 
 Daughter. The Rebels us'd the Cove- 
 nant as the word of battle that day. 
 The prifoncrs threw all the blame of 
 their wickednefs upon the preachers. 
 About thirty were hang'd at Edinburgh 
 and Glafgo r ju : Among thefc was Robin- 
 forty whom we mention'd for his bene- 
 diction over the ale. In the beginning 
 of the fight, Wilks and Sempier, teachers, 
 and chief authors of the Confpiracy, rc- 
 tir'd to prayers upon a mountain, be- 
 hind their forces, continually crying out, 
 The God, the God of Jacob. Thcfe tru- 
 ly were much wifcr than their compa- 
 
 I nionsj 
 
H4 Br. Parker's History 
 
 nions 5 not only bccaufe it is fafer to 
 pray than to fight ; and there is lefs dan- 
 ger in the bufmefs of a teacher, than a 
 foldier; but becaufe they that are laft 
 in the -battle, may be the firft in the 
 flight, and fo they efcaped far before 
 their companions. The Generals, "Deyell 
 and T^rummondy were taken into the 
 Privy Council, as a reward of their vic- 
 tory; and very defcrvedly : For had they 
 not with unwearied watchfulnefs and di- 
 ligence purfued the Rebels, they would 
 have flock'd together in great numbers, 
 on all fides: For there was (as I faid) an 
 univerfal confpiracy, which they fo fea- 
 fonably gave a check to by this battle, 
 that they utterly broke the force and fpirit 
 of the faction. But altho' the Nobility 
 of the Kingdom did, with the utmoft 
 fidelity and bravery, concur to renrain 
 the Rebels ; amongft thefe, Duke Ha- 
 milton, the Earls of Athol, Linlithgow 
 and Kelly, were principally diftinguifh'd 
 for their valour and vigilance ; yet Duke 
 Hamilton's glory was the greateft, bc- 
 caulc the vi&ory begun at his Troops. 
 
 I re- 
 
Of his own Time. 115 
 
 I received this from c Drummond him- 
 felf $ as alfo all the reft, partly from 
 him, and partly from Sir James Turner, 
 who wrote daily journals of the affairs 
 in both armies ; and thefe being writ- 
 ten with his own hands, c Dru7nmond 
 kindly imparted to me. After the bat- 
 tle, Turner being in the power of the 
 vanquifh'd enemy, was in greater dan- 
 ger than before 5 his keepers having it in 
 charge, that if the Rebels were over- 
 come, they fhould kill him immediate- 
 ly 5 whereas other wife, they were to 
 preferve him for a (harper punifliment, 
 as they had ferved the moft illuftrious 
 Earl of Montrofs, whom they hang'd 
 upon a gallows thirty foot high 5 which 
 when Turner knew, he brought himfelf 
 off by this policy : In the beginning of 
 the battle, he thus, in a friendly way, 
 fpoke to his guards (for there were eight 
 left to guard him) " This night, my 
 " friends, either you or we muft be 
 " conquerors. If you conquer, I fhall 
 tc be as I am, your prifoner 5 never hop- 
 " ing for liberty, but in death. But if 
 I 2 " wc 
 
ti£ Bi>. Parker's HistorV 
 
 " we conquer, you and I arc in equal 
 " danger. If therefore you'll prefcrve 
 " mc fafc from your men, in cafe they 
 " arc put to flight, I will not only de- 
 " fend you from our men, but, getting 
 u a pardon for your Rebellion, I will 
 " take care that every one of you mall 
 <c go fafe to his own home/' They all 
 confentcd. But when he confidercd how 
 little fidelity there was in thofc men, 
 he advis'd them to confirm the agree- 
 ment by an oath, with their hands lifted 
 up to heaven : For with that ceremony 
 they took the oath of their Solemn 
 League and Covenant. The ceremony 
 of this new agreement was hardly con- 
 cluded, when the Rebels began to fly : 
 Seeing which, four of the guards fled ? 
 and he, with the reft, delivered up them- 
 felves to fomc of Duke Hamilton's horfc, 
 who as they were the firft in conquering, 
 fo they were the firft in purfuing. Thcfe 
 were overjoy'd for the fafcty of Turner, 
 and brought him to the Duke, who em- 
 braced him with great joy, carrying him to 
 the Generals, to whom, as alio to the Duke 
 
 and 
 
Of hts own Time. 117 
 
 and all good men, he was very dear : 
 And being received by them with equal 
 kindnefs, he obtain'd the lives and li- 
 berties of his guards. They readily 
 granted his requcft, for joy that they 
 found fo brave a man, whofc life they 
 fo long delpair'd of, was (till alive. And 
 thus ended not only this war, but all 
 the wars of this year. 
 
 The very fame year happen'd the fad 
 and dreadful Fire of London, and on 
 the very fame day (as I before obferv'd) 
 that had been agreed upon by the Rebel 
 Fanaticks, by which the flames, in four 
 days, laid waftc that vail extent of build- 
 ings : All within the walls were levell'd 
 with the ground, and the fire fpreading 
 wide without the gates, made great ha- 
 vock in the fuburbs. There were con- 
 fum'd more than thirteen thoufand 
 houfes, above ninety churches, together 
 with St. 'Paul's, the Royal-Exchange, 
 Guild-Hall, Ston-College, many hofpitals 
 and other publick buildings, both facrcd 
 and common, as many as had covered the 
 (pace of fifty fix acres of ground. When 
 I 3 acorn 
 
n8 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 When a computation was made of 
 this great lofs, by the King's command, 
 men well verfed in that bufinefs, efti- 
 mated the damage to amount to ten hun- 
 dred thoufand pounds. Concerning the 
 beginning of the fire, there were vari- 
 ous opinions : Some affirm'd it came 
 by chance, others by treachery, and not 
 a few by divine vengeance ; for whereas 
 at the fame time we were at war with 
 the French and T)utch, the common 
 people cried that the enemies had kind- 
 led the fire 5 but efpecially (as is ufual in 
 every fuch extraordinary cafe) many a- 
 fcribe this horrid wickednefs to the Pa- 
 pifts rage and hatred againft a city of 
 Proteflants. But there were fome of 
 the Fanaticks that whifper'd one to an- 
 other, that it was done by command, 
 and carried on and continued by the 
 very guards. For fuch is the perverfe- 
 nefs and infolence of that tribe, that 
 they put the worft conftru&ion upon the 
 bed of things 5 for whereas it was real- 
 ly ftopp'd every where almofl, by the fole 
 afliftance of the King and his Guards, 
 
 and 
 
Of his own Time. i ip 
 
 and chiefly by the fpecial vigilance of 
 the Duke of Tork ; was it not gratitude 
 to accufe them, as if they themfelvcs 
 were the incendiaries ? But if it was 
 done by any treachery, it was by their 
 own ; fince it appears not only by 
 publick Records of Court, but by the 
 confeffions of thofe that were convid* 
 ed, that they intended to fet the city 
 on fire on the fame day 5 fo that if it 
 happend by any human means, they 
 mufl transfer all the blame from others 
 to themfelvcs. But fince the city had 
 been the tower and head of that horrid 
 Rebellion againft Charles the firft, not 
 a few believ'd that it was fent by God, 
 as a punifhment of that wickednefs; 
 efpecially fince the fire prevail'd chiefly 
 within thofe places, in which the firft 
 tumults were rais'd againft that good 
 King, from which, foon after, that war, 
 fo impious, fo cruel, fo deftruftive, 
 flam'd out. But altho' I think it rafh 
 to interpret the fecret counfels of God, 
 yet I could not fufficiently wonder, 
 when I read of fo great a calamity be- 
 
 I 4 iflg 
 
no Bp. Parker's History 
 
 ing confidently foretold many years be- 
 fore; for in the year 1653, one Zeigler 
 of Lipjickj wrote a book againft the 
 Regicides, and principally againft Mil- 
 ton, in which the angry Prophet applied 
 himfelf to the rebellious city in thefe 
 words : 
 
 " Thou that art now proud London* 
 " in fome time malt not be at all : 
 " Nay, unlefs all my notions, and all 
 " the maxims of Policy deceive me, 
 <c thou art not far from thy deftrudion. 
 
 But if the fire happen'd by the fame 
 chance as other misfortunes do in hu- 
 man affairs, there is not fo much caufe 
 to wonder that it fpread fo far, as that 
 it fpread no farther, if we confidcr the 
 fituation of the place where it firft broke 
 out: It arofe in a Baker's Shop, at the 
 dead part of night, amongft wooden 
 houfes, before almoft confum'd with age, 
 and all thefe took fire with the firft on. 
 fet of the flames, a ftrong Eaft wind 
 blowing vehemently at that time : The 
 Greets and lanes adjoining were very 
 narrow, and large ftores were lodged 
 
 in 
 
Of mis own Time. izi 
 
 in them, of oil, pitch, fulphur, flax, 
 hemp, tallow, cotton, and other com- 
 buftible wares, that are apt to increafe 
 and feed the flames. Theie being feiz'd 
 by the fire, burnt like <^/Etna and Vefu- 
 vius, not only within the compafs of 
 their own furnace, but caft forth balls 
 of fire far and wide, fo that new flames 
 arofe in fcveral places, and thofe diftant 
 from each other, at the fame time : 
 Nor did the fire feize only the houfes, 
 but alfo the very air, which convcy'd it 
 with incredible fwiftnefs to all the lofty 
 buildings, before the flames could other- 
 wife have reach'd them. Hence the 
 tower of St. 'Paul's, famous for its 
 height, burnt with great violence fome 
 hours before the fire could come to it 
 through the other buildings. 
 
 But with how great a lofs foever, of 
 the citizens and inhabitants, fo great a 
 destruction happen'd, yet it arofe out 
 of its afhes, with fuch glory to the na- 
 tion and the city, that they could hard- 
 ly be forry that it was burnt, fincc from 
 wood it was almoft turn'd into marble : 
 
 For 
 
ill Bp, Parker's History 
 
 For the city was built with houfes of 
 fuch a beautiful and majeftick ftru&ure, 
 that the whole world does not afford 
 any thing equal, or even comparable to 
 it. A ftranger would think that the 
 tradefmens fhops were noblemens feats, 
 and that the merchants houfes were the 
 manfions of princes. And as it increased 
 in beauty, fo alfo it did in greatnefs 3 
 for the old city was fcarce half as big 
 as the prefent. Nor is it more improv'd 
 in its buildings, than its morals. 
 
 The End of the firfi Book, 
 
 Bp. 
 
( II) ) 
 Bp. PARKER'S 
 
 H I STO R Y 
 
 O F 
 
 His Own Time. 
 
 — ^— ■ ■ iii " 
 
 BOOK II. 
 
 TH E King being wearied at once 
 with thefe fatal calamities of 
 plague and fire, fuffer'd him- 
 felf to be prevailed upon by the neigh- 
 bouring Princes, efpecially the French 
 and the Swede y to treat of peace with 
 the 'Dutch. But whilft the Embafladors 
 and Minifters were debating together, 
 the Dutch, at the very time they were 
 
 going 
 
ii4 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 going to enter upon that peace which 
 they themfelves had begg'd, contrary to 
 the Law of Nations, and the dignity of 
 an honourable war, came by furprizc 
 upon the Englijh fleet, as it lay in har- 
 bour, and was entirely unprovided 5 and 
 if they had managd matters with as 
 much courage as treachery, they might 
 have deftroy'd the whole fleet, without 
 any danger of their own : But, as if 
 they had been affrighted at their own 
 audacious attempt, burning only four 
 fhips, and feizing a few, they return'd, 
 not fo much with a victory as a tri- 
 umph : For it had not been difficult 
 even for the 'Dutch to have overcome 
 all the English fleet, unarm'd and un- 
 man'd. Other wife they never fought 
 fuccefsfully with the Englifh, but either 
 in this infidious attack, or when our 
 fleet was divided, one half being in an 
 expedition againft the 'Dutch, the other 
 againft the French ; in which cafe the 
 ^utch were perhaps a match for half 
 the Englijh fleet : For altho' they had 
 rheir Tramps, Opdams, and Reuters, and 
 
 othes 
 
Of his own Time. 125 
 
 other famous Admirals, yet the Englijh 
 Navy confided both of more valiant 
 Commanders, and braver Seamen. Nay, 
 granting that the Commanders on both 
 fides were equally skilful and brave, yet 
 the very feamen always routed the ene- 
 my by their courage and alacrity. Sup- 
 pofing that Tromp were a match for Blake, 
 as indeed he was a man of great cou- 
 rage, yet Tromp being outdone thro' the 
 unequal bravery of his men, he was 
 beaten in three battles. Let him be 
 fupcrior in his skill of fea-affairs, to Monk 
 a land-officer, yet was he fore'd to refign 
 both a great vi&ory, and his own life, 
 to Monk, after twenty feven "Dutch fhips 
 had been either taken or defrroy'd. I 
 mentiond in the former year, how great 
 a conqueft the Duke of Tork, a great 
 land-officer, but ignorant of fea-affairs, 
 and unaccuftom'd to naval engagements, 
 obtain'd over Opdam y a veteran fca-man, 
 the firft day they join d battle. Lailly, 
 let Renter be the moft experienced of all 
 fea-commandcrs, yet he fcarce ever durit 
 fight with the Englijb, but with a double 
 
 number 
 
i%6 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 number of fhips $ and was always put 
 to flight, except once, when he engaged 
 with half our fleet. 
 
 Even in this expedition ({hall I fay) 
 or this piracy, they durft not do any 
 thing becoming foldiers : For when there 
 was occafion to fight, altho' they at- 
 tempted many things, yet they went off 
 without compafling their point, being 
 repuls'd with great difgrace : For when 
 Spragg (a man, the love and delight of 
 all men, both for his warlike bravery, 
 and his fweetnefs of temper) had gotten 
 nineteen fmall veffels, and plac'd them 
 at the mouth of the Thames, together 
 with a few fire-fhips, he kept the ene- 
 my from returning into the river, tho' 
 they fought two days. Then a defcent 
 being made upon the coafts of Suffolk, 
 under an officer of one of Cromwell's 
 fugitives, they attack'd a fort called 
 Languard. The Governor of that fort 
 was T>arrel, an old officer under Charles 
 the firft, a man as well of great fidelity 
 to his King, as bravery againft the ene- 
 my. He fuffer'd them to fet ladders a- 
 
 gainft 
 
Of his own Time. 117 
 
 gainft the walls, which being done, as 
 they were climbing up, he came upon 
 them with a fudden fally, and beat them 
 back with great {laughter. And when 
 they attempted it again, he put the ene- 
 my to fo precipitate a flight, killing a- 
 bout two hundred of them, that they 
 left their ladders againft the walls, and 
 prefently return'd to their fleet. Laftly, 
 when they had fail'd round almoft the 
 whole ifland, they tried feveral places 
 convenient for a defcent, as Tort/mouth, 
 'Dartmouth, and Tlimouth ; but always 
 with the fame fortune, being repuls'd 
 with fhame and lofs. Thus they conti- 
 nued dealing of fheep in the fields, al- 
 moft till the end of Auguft y when the 
 peace was made. There were on board 
 Admiral Reuters fhip, throughout this 
 expedition, Dolman> that inveterate c- 
 nemy to his country, and John De-Witt \ 
 who at that time had the fole admini- 
 ftration in the Dutch commonwealth, 
 A man of the meaneft birth, but proud, 
 infolent, and morofe, and therefore an 
 inexorable enemy to Kings, becaufe he 
 3 could 
 
1 2 8 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 could not bear their great nefs ; for this 
 mean fellow had a defire to make him- 
 felf famous by his enmity with the 
 greatcft men. But he efpecially hated 
 the King of Great Britain, and he was 
 alfo the bafeft flatterer of Cromwell, as 
 long as he liv'd, becaufe he could pre- 
 vail over the 'Dutch with as much 
 power at fea, as he thought fit. He a- 
 lonc was the author of all the wars with 
 the Englijh. But at length, after govern- 
 ing long, he was miferably torn limb 
 from limb at the Hague, in a popular 
 tumult. Concerning which, more here- 
 after. 
 
 This fame year died the Earl of South- 
 ampton, Lord High Treafuucr, a man of 
 the noblcft birth, and of entire fidelity 
 to the Royal Family, made Lord High- 
 Treafurer after the Reftoratioiij which 
 office he executed honourably, without 
 any advantage to himfelf ; and he took 
 care that the King fhould not be involved 
 in debt : And the Trcafury, which he 
 found empty, he left as full as it was 
 in his power to leave it. He being 
 2 dead, 
 
Of his own Tim £. l^9 
 
 dead, his office was put into commiffion, 
 at the head of which was Ajhley Cooper \ 
 afterwards Earl of Shaftsbary, for the 
 /eft were fo much taken up with other 
 affairs, that they entrufted him princi- 
 pally with the adminiftration. 
 
 Some months after the death of the 
 Treafurer, the Earl of Clarendon, Lord 
 high Chancellor of England, being 
 chiefly attacked from the fide of the Earl 
 of Shafts bury, and thofe in his interefl, 
 and the Houfe of Commons blowing 
 the coals, to whom it is often an affair 
 of extraordinary pleafure to make Primd 
 M millers feel their power, was banifh'd ; 
 whether for any fault, or none at all, 
 fhall be plainly and ingenuoufly faid, 
 in its proper place. But whatever he 
 was, it fo happen d, that at the fame 
 time, all the old Councilor's loll the 
 King's favour, who had fhewn the ftricteft 
 fidelity to him, thro' all the changes of 
 times. 
 
 But that the order and feries of thefe 
 
 Annals may be the better diltinguifh'dy 
 
 I mud fix a twofold ^Era, or period of 
 
 K time: 
 
ijo Bp. Parker's History 
 
 time : One, while the chief adminiftra- 
 tion of affairs was in the Earl of Shaftf- 
 bury> and his adherents 5 during which, 
 while they fcem'd to give fuch advice as 
 ftill would pleafe, yet they work'd mat- 
 ters up with fuch dexterity, that unddr 
 a fhew of affection for the King, and 
 zeal for his intereft, they very much lef- 
 fen'd his reputation and authority. The 
 other, when he was accufed of High 
 Treafon, and remov'd from the admi- 
 niftration. In the beginning of the firft 
 interval of time, there were two confe- 
 deracies (as we may call them) of men that 
 ftrongly opposed one another : The firft 
 confifted of all good men that bewail'd. 
 the misfortune of the King and King- 
 dom, when all publick affairs were put 
 (as they thought) into the hands of e- 
 nemies. The other confifted of fuch, 
 who more zealoufly promoted the inte- 
 reft of their own party, than the wel- 
 fare of the Kingdom. Hence daily there 
 were new commotions in the Parliament, 
 occafion'd by the latter fort of men. 
 For hitherto, for feven years together, 
 
 the 
 
Of his own Time. 13 1 
 
 the Parliament had paid greater regard 
 and duty to the King, than had ever been 
 known or remembred. But now they 
 began to look about them* to be afraid 
 of every thing, to attend very vigilantly 
 the fafety and good of the Kingdom, and 
 to give the Fadion difturbancc every 
 hour, that they might not attempt any 
 thing by furprize againft it. For where- 
 as they proceeded upon two kinds of 
 mcafurcs, the one advantageous, the o- 
 ther prejudicial to the publick good, the 
 Parliament ratified the former, and dif- 
 appointed and defeated the latter. By 
 the former a triple alliance was made 
 between the Kings of England and 
 Sweden*, and the United Provinces, a- 
 gainft the Moft Chriftian King, whd 
 was in the flower of his age, a gallant 
 and underftanding Prince, capable of unir 
 verfal empire, a greater than whom 
 France had never produe'd fincc the time 
 of Charles the Firft. Being io power- 
 ful by land and fea as to be the terror 
 of Europe, he proclaim'd war this year 
 againft the Provinces of Flanders, claim- 
 K 3 ing 
 
132. Bp. Parker's History 
 
 ing it as his wife's dowry. Therefore 
 care was taken by this triple alliance 
 to oppofe the meafures of fo great a 
 Prince ; to which alliance moft of the 
 German Princes acceded. And this re- 
 folution the Parliament readily embraced, 
 granting a large iupply of money for 
 fitting out the fleet : But the other pro- 
 ject of citablifhing a good underftand- 
 ing and amity among the King's Protc- 
 ftant Subje&s, they heard mention'd 
 with the higheft indignation, tho' the 
 King himfelf had recommended it to 
 them in his fpeech : Therefore they pre- 
 fently fly to the King, and beg him to 
 ratify and enforce all the Laws againft 
 the Schifmaticks, for that fo many com- 
 plaints were daily brought from every 
 county of their frefh infolence, that if 
 they were not fuddenly rcftrain'd, there 
 could be no peace in the Kingdom for 
 the future. For when the Fadious 
 found that their friends were at the 
 head of affairs (fuch is the perverfenefi 
 of thole men) they prefently threw off 
 all regard to laws, and magistrates. Nor 
 
 did 
 
Of his own Time. 155 
 
 did they only feize again their conven- 
 ticles by force and violence, but attack'd 
 the Minifters of the Church of England, 
 even in the midft of divine fervice, 
 with fuch reproaches, outrages, and cla- 
 mours, as were fcarce ever heard of. 
 The King being prcvail'd upon by thefe 
 intreatics and complaints of the two 
 Houfes, fent out his Proclamation to all 
 civil and military officers in counties, 
 cities and towns, whereby he enjoin'd 
 each of them to put the Laws in execu- 
 tion with the utmofl diligence. The 
 Factious being aftoniflVd at this conftancy 
 of the Parliament, defpair'd of doing 
 their bufinefs, fo long as that continu'd ; 
 therefore they firft of all confultcd how 
 they might procure its diflblution, and 
 theja how they might difturb and hin- 
 der them in difpatch of bufinefs. The 
 firft being attempted in vain, they prc- 
 fently ftarted difputes between the two 
 Houfes, concerning their prerogatives 
 and privileges. A difpute was rais'd by 
 agreement between one Skinner, a de- 
 pendent of the Earl of Shafts bury, and 
 K 3 Sir 
 
> 34 Bp. Parkers History 
 
 Sir Samuel Bernard'ifton, a leading man 
 of the Fa&ion. This was the man, who 
 when he was but a very young citizen, 
 had put himfclf at the head of the city- 
 tumults, that in 1641. daily befet the 
 Parliament, crying out, Jufiice f Juftice! 
 againft the Earl of Strafford. Skinner 
 implor'd the aid of the Houfc of Lords. 
 Bernardijlon appeals from them to the 
 Commons. The Factious in both Houfcs 
 engage in the difputc with great warmth, 
 and a private caufe not worth mention- 
 ing, being turn'd into a publick one, 
 a new controvcrfy arofe, whether it 
 was lawful for the Houfc of Lords to 
 ad as a court of Judicature in any other 
 cafes but tliofe that are brought before 
 them by Appeal ? The Peers zealoufly 
 afiert, that fince they are the fupremc 
 court in the Kingdom, the power of ar- 
 bitration is entirely at their own plea- 
 fure, and in their own breaft : That if 
 by right there may be appeals to them 
 from other courts of an inferior nature, 
 why may not the fame judgment be 
 good without any appeal at all ? On the 
 
 other 
 
Of his own Time. 135 
 
 other hand, the lower Houic afiirrrui, 
 that if this prerogative of judging were 
 allow'd, there would be an end of the 
 common adminiftration of the Law, up- 
 on which alone the liberty of Englifo 
 Subjects depends : And that the courts 
 in Wejim'mfter-hall would be of no ufe 
 or authority, if it were lawful to refer 
 every thing to the Peers, neglecting thofe 
 and other courts. In a word, they 
 were fo enrag'd againft one another, 
 that the Parliament was prorogued by 
 fcvcral intervals, for a year together, 
 and then, the Faction reviving their old 
 dilpute the firft day of their meeting, 
 before any thing clfe, it was prorogued 
 for half a year longer, from March the 
 8 th , 1668, to October the 19 th , 1669, and 
 thence to the 14 th of February follow- 
 ing, 1670, at which time the difpute 
 was laid aflccp, by the King's exhorting 
 perfuafion and mediation 5 altho* the 
 next year new feeds of contention were 
 fown between the two Houfes, concern- 
 ing the books of rates being corrected 
 by the Houfe of Lords : For whereas 
 K 4 they 
 
t|6 Bp. Parkir's History 
 
 they had fettled fome rates othcrwife 
 than the Houfe of Commons had de- 
 termine, they prefently cried out, that 
 it was not lawful for them to do it > 
 neither ought they to treat of taxes, 
 but as they were peremptorily fixed in 
 their Houfe. On the other hand, the 
 Lords alledg'd, that unlefs it was ia 
 their power to alter them, they fhould 
 have no power in laying taxes, and they 
 fhould be confulted in vain, for all au- 
 thority in that affair would devolve up- 
 on the other Houfe. At laft the con- 
 tention arofe to that height, that the 
 King lofing a considerable fnbfidy, was 
 obliged to prorogue the Parliament to 
 another year. Yet in the mean time 
 honcft men did not omit any opportu- 
 nity of taking care of the intereft of 
 the Kingdom, whenfoever the Parlia- 
 ment fate, but allowing no truce to the 
 Faction, urged the execution of the 
 Laws. They waited on the King, to 
 complain of their infolcncc, giving fuch 
 manifelt proofs of their guilt, that he 
 by Proclamation commanded all their 
 
 preachers 
 
Op his own Time. 137 
 
 preachers to depart five miles from any 
 city or town, according to the Law of 
 the Oxford Parliament. But when im- 
 mediately the report of their infolcnce 
 increas'd on every fide, they were more 
 provok'd, and declar'd fuch people were 
 no longer to be born with, and en- 
 quir'd by whom they were encouraged ; 
 for that the men could never prefume to 
 commit fuch open wickedncfles, if there 
 were not fome great perfons that fecrct- 
 ly abetted them. And they afiur'd the 
 King that they would ftand by him with 
 their lives and fortunes, againft all the 
 enemies of the Kingdom 5 and declared, 
 that all thofe were fuch enemies to it, 
 who had rendred vain and ineffectual, 
 any thing that had been ratified by Law 
 in Church and State : And laftly, that 
 they ought to be punifh'd as indeed fo 
 many rebels. Which importunity be- 
 ing daily repeated, they extinguifh'd the 
 fire as often as it broke out. But in 
 the beginning of the following year, 
 being weary of thefe disturbances, they 
 ihew'd their difpleafure againft Convene 
 
 ticks. 
 
138 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 ticks, by parting a new Law : By which 
 it was enafted, that whofocver was pre- 
 fent at a Conventicle, fhould be fined 
 five fhillings for the fiuft offence, and ten 
 for'' the fecond 5 and that the Preacher 
 fhould be fined twenty pounds for the 
 firft offence, and forty for the fecond ; 
 and that the owner of the meeting-houfe 
 fhould undergo the fame fine. And if 
 any Magiftratc, after information given, 
 negleded the execution of the Law, he 
 was to be find a hundred pounds. And 
 this was fuch a wound, that the Schif- 
 maticks, being aftonifh'd and affright- 
 ed, left their Conventicles every where, 
 and rctir'd to their dark places of con- 
 cealment. But the Parliament being at 
 length prorogued, they now being with- 
 out fear of punifhment, flew out into 
 all manner of extravagance : But not to 
 mention all their outrages againft their 
 country, there were feven deadly fins 
 (as we fay) which they committed almoft 
 at the fame time, with equal treachery 
 and impudence, againft all the Laws of 
 Nature, of Nations, and of the Kingdom. 
 
Of his own Time. 139 
 
 Firft, The very patrimony of the 
 Crown is cxpos'd to falc. 
 
 Secondly, The triple Alliance is 
 broken. 
 
 Thirdly, Another Alliance is made 
 with the Moft Chriftian King. 
 
 fourthly, a war is entred into againfl 
 the 'Dutch, at that time our Allies, with- 
 out any previous declaration of war. 
 
 Fifthly, the Exchequer is turn d into 
 a place of robbery. 
 
 Sixthly, Every one is allow'd a bound- 
 lefs liberty in Religion. 
 
 Seventhly, By writs iffued at their own 
 plcafure, out of the Court of Chancery, 
 elections arc made into the lower Houfe, 
 contrary to the cuftom, which, tho' not 
 very antient, had prevail'd for fomc 
 years. 
 
 Firfb of all, the Treafury being emp- 
 ty, and very much in debt, and the 
 King being folicitous to clear himfelf, 
 without burthening his fubjc&s, a me- 
 thod was found out whereby the King 
 might pay taxes to himfelf. For where- 
 as yearly fee-farm rents were paid to the 
 
 Kinrr 
 
i4° Bp. Parker's History 
 
 King out of moft of the eftates of his 
 fubjeds, thcfc were expos'd to fale 5 by 
 which means the Crown fuffer'd very 
 much in two refpeds : Firft, becaufe it 
 carried in it a great diminution of the 
 King's power over his fubjeds : For by 
 the payment of thofe rents, they ac- 
 knowledged that they held their right 
 in fee from the King. Secondly, all 
 that remained of the patrimony of the 
 Crown, was hereby in a manner loft. 
 The confequence of which was, that 
 hereafter the Kings of England would 
 have nothing to fupport their dignity, 
 but what they Ihould owe to the good 
 will of their fubjeds. Neverthelefs, an 
 ad pafied for the purpofe abovemen. 
 tioned ; nor indeed was it difficult to 
 obtain it : For the Fadious voted for it, 
 that they might bring a foul ftain and 
 difgrace upon the Majefty of the Crown. 
 And the King's friends were for it, but 
 with another defign, that they might for 
 the prefent relieve their beloved Prince, 
 whom they faw now pinched with the 
 greateft diftrefs, 
 
 But 
 
Of his own Time. i4t 
 
 But the patrimony of the Crown be- 
 ing confum'd, in the next place they go 
 to work with its reputation and efteem. 
 For now, firft the King's Exchequer, be- 
 ing full of money, is (hut up, to the 
 immenfe lofs of his fubje&s, and chiefly 
 of widows and orphans. Por the King 
 being exceedingly ftraitned in his cir- 
 cumftances, was hurried into a fecond 
 war againft the T)utch. But when he 
 complain'd that money would be want- 
 ing to carry on the charge of fo great a 
 war, he was anfwer'd, that there would 
 be money enough in the Treafury, if 
 the payments were but put off for a 
 year. The King, whofe greateft fault 
 was being too fond of eafe, and trufting 
 too much to other men, embraced this 
 advice, as feeming nccefTary in the pre- 
 fent conjun&ure. Whence many thou- 
 f ands of families, being depriv'd of all 
 their fortunes, live, even to this day, 
 in great poverty, as will their pofterity 
 after them. For as the King had long 
 borrowed as much money as he wanted 
 of the Bankers, fo all his fubje&s who 
 i had 
 
i4i Bp. Parker's History 
 
 had money to put out, brought it into 
 their fhops; both becaufe the Royal 
 Trcafury was their fecurity, and alfo be- 
 caufe they could have their money rea- 
 dy for their ufc, whenfocver they had 
 occafion for it. Thus when the Bank- 
 ers had taken a great fum of money at 
 intercft from the fubjefts, cfpecially 
 from widows and orphans, and the King 
 had taken it of the Bankers ; the money 
 which he had in the Exchequer, bor- 
 rowed of others, came to be appli- 
 ed to other ufes : and the infamy of 
 this method of plundering was the great- 
 er, becaufe the King had before this 
 made himfelf furety for the Bankers. 
 For whereas the 'Dutch, in the year 1 667, 
 had furpriz'd the King's fleet lying at 
 Chatham, in that great confternation 
 and difturbance, the fureties and credi- 
 tors throng'd to the Bankers for the 
 payment of their money : For in the 
 firft terror and furprize, it was thought 
 that the whole itland was conquer'd, 
 and that no one could be fafe by any 
 means but by flight 5 therefore many 
 i gather'd 
 
Of his own Time. 143 
 
 gather'd together all that they had, to 
 export with them into foreign coun- 
 tries. The King, that the Bankers might 
 not fink under thefe fudden and pref- 
 fing demands, by Proclamation engag'd 
 himfelf, and his Royal Faith and Dig- 
 nity, for the payment of the money, 
 encouraging them to be quiet a little, 
 for the danger would be prefently over, 
 and hereafter, whatever mifchicf fhould 
 happen, he would on no account defer 
 the payments of the Trcafury, even for 
 a day. Therefore their fear being pre- 
 fently allay'd, by this Proclamation, and 
 they being now fecure of their intercft 
 being duly paid for the future, all who 
 had money to put out depofited it there, 
 as in the fafeft place 5 by which means 
 an immenfe turn of money that was 
 committed to the Trcafury, in confi- 
 dence of fafety, was at once fciz'd and 
 embezzled. And thus the King, as well 
 as the fubjefts, was impos'd upon ; for 
 they perfuaded him that the payments 
 were deferrd only for a year, and then 
 all would be difcharg'd, for he would 
 
 foon 
 
*44 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 foon be matter of the "Dutch Smyrna 
 fleet, very richly laden> for which they 
 were in a readinefs ; and when this was 
 done, they fhould pay all the debts be- 
 fore the day appointed for payment; 
 But the year being ended, they put it 
 off for another half year, promifing up- 
 on the publick faith, ihat it fhould be 
 no longer deferr'd. But when the King 
 at length found himfelf incapable of 
 paying, and could no longer bear the 
 tears and complaints of the miferable, 
 he laid the matter before the Parliament; 
 The Fadious at the fame time interpos'd, 
 to prevent the pa (ling of a Law on 
 their behalf. 
 
 When therefore the King defir'd in the 
 next place that the chimney-tax might 
 be engag'd by Law for ever for their fa- 
 tisfadion (altho* this was a great dimi- 
 nution of the Royal Revenue) yet they 
 fharpiy refused it, choofing rather to 
 weaken the credit of the Treafury, than 
 the Treafury it fclf. For this was only 
 the wound of one age, the other would 
 be an everlafting reproach, and not be 
 
 blotted 
 
Of his own Time. 145 
 
 blotted out by time, till the publick faith 
 had made it felf good $ and not to be 
 hcal'd even then without a (ear. 
 
 As to the violation of the triple alli- 
 ance, the beginning the war againft the 
 'Dutch, without proclaming it, and 
 the cntring into a league with the French 
 King, they urged thefe things to his 
 Majefty : That an effectual league be- 
 tween the Englzfh and the Dutch was 
 a thing impracticable : That they were 
 not a juft and lawful Republick, but a 
 neft of robbers and pyrates : That there 
 was an innate hatred between the Nati- 
 ons : That the Dutch would wage per- 
 petual wars againft England both by na- 
 tural inclination and for the fake of gain, 
 which chiefly fways with fuch fordid men : 
 That that vain Nation vying with ancient 
 Rome, promifed thcmfelvcs at laft to be 
 maftcrs of the World 5 over which they 
 had long laid claim to the folc right 
 of trade and commerce : That the King 
 of England alone could flop their am- 
 bition : That if the Engltflo were con- 
 quered, they would foon command as 
 
 L they 
 
i^G Bp. Parker's History 
 
 they pleas'd at fea without a rival 5 and 
 then being Lords at fca would eafily 
 get the dominion at land. Therefore fince 
 the cafe flood thus, that one of the na- 
 tions muft fall, this fecond Carthage ought 
 to be deftroy'd. Further, what if the Laws 
 of Confederacy had been a little violat- 
 ed, by beginning a war without pro- 
 claiming it ? the thing was not done againft 
 a juft enemy, but againfl a Nation that 
 broke all alliances 5 and there was no 
 faith to be kept with thofe that kept 
 none : That the 'Dutch had always been 
 falfe to God and man, and being a 
 perjured people, had forfeited all advan- 
 tage from the Law of Nations : And 
 laftly, fince they had no regard to alli- 
 ances themfelvcs, they could not exped 
 any from others; much lefs from the 
 Englijh, whom, after lb many folemn 
 leagues entcr'd into, they had always 
 impos'd upon by their perjuries : That 
 he mould remember Amboyna and Su- 
 rinam, and the league lately made at 
 the Hague, when the wax was yet fcarce 
 cold, e'er they had forgot their obliga- 
 tion 
 
Of his own Time. 14 
 
 tion fo far, as even not to ftrike flag to 
 the Britifh (hips. He mould remember 
 their exploit at Guinea, when they fur> 
 priz'd Admiral Holmes, failing near the 
 African coait, who, when he had in 
 his own defence overcome them, and 
 taken their forts whence they fir'd upon 
 him ; they, in his abience, came to com- 
 plain of him in high terms to the King 
 of England--, that he had afted like a 
 pyrate, and without any antecedent pro- 
 vocation, had fuddenly attack'd and 
 taken their fortreffes. That he mould 
 remember Renters villany, who when 
 the 'Dutch, joining fleets with the Eng- 
 lish, had befet the Alger me pyratcs, with- 
 drew himfelf by Health to the coafts of 
 Guinea, by order of the States, where 
 by a treacherous robbery he carried a- 
 way all the effects of the Englifh, who 
 little expected any fuch hoftiiity. And 
 laftly, if an alliance was to be violated 
 at all, it was worth while to violate 
 it for the fake of fuch a reward : 
 For that the King wou'd fuddenly take 
 the Smyrna fleet, not apprehenfivc of 
 L 1 war. 
 
148 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 war, and with that one booty would 
 both clear the debts of the Trcafury, 
 and pay the charges of the enfuing war. 
 
 And iaftly, we ought to enter into 
 an alliance with the Mod Chriftian 
 King 5 firft, becaufe he was the mod 
 powerful Prince in Europe j and with- 
 al, he was an inveterate enemy to the 
 States. Nay, that it was the common 
 caufe of all Kings, to have that info- 
 lent Rcpublick deftroy'd, which made 
 fuch a figure in the midft of Europe. 
 Neither indeed was the war to be fet on 
 foot lb much againft the 'Dutch Nation, 
 as againft the Fa&ion of the T>e Wits, 
 who had long declar'd war againft the 
 name of Kings; which Padion being 
 fupprcfled, the Prince of Orange, the 
 King's nephew, would recover the an- 
 tient dignity of his family. That the 
 victory over the enemy would be eafily 
 and quickly obtain'd, fmce they had 
 been a long time ftrangers to a war at 
 land, whereas the French, on the other 
 hand, could bring feveral veteran ar- 
 mies into the field. That the Englijb 
 
 were 
 
Of his own Time." 145* 
 
 were fecure of a vi&ory at fea, fincc 
 they were to fight with an enemy whom 
 they were always too hard for 5 and at 
 this time, without doubt, they would 
 overcome, fmcc they would have the 
 French fleet to aflift them 5 therefore 
 the war would be fhort, and the advan- 
 tage of it great, fince it might be agreed, 
 that all the inland Provinces mould fall 
 to the lot of France, and the ica-coafts 
 to England. All which counlcls being 
 plcafing to the King, and moft of them 
 fceming juft and beneficial, without 
 difficulty obtain'd his aflent. But this 
 occafion'd fuch havock of men, as all 
 the nations of Europe lament to this day. 
 For the French King being the moft 
 powerful of all, and in ftrength and 
 military valour almoft a match for all, 
 was the only Prince to be fear'd by the 
 Princes of Europe. Since therefore it 
 was the common intereft, that he fhould 
 not be too great, they cntred into a 
 common alliance to prevent it : For al- 
 tho' that was caird a triple alliance, 
 which was firft made between the Eng- 
 
 L 3 ///&, 
 
150 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 lifh, the Swedes, and the 'Dutch, yet 
 prefently there came into it the Spa- 
 niard, the Eleftor of Brandenburgh, a 
 powerful and brave Prince, and almoft 
 all the German Princes, together with 
 the Emperor. By which manifold bond 
 they fufficiently curb'd France, fo long 
 as it held together. But that being 
 broken, he prefently invaded every 
 plice, attacking thofc fcparately, whom 
 he durft not attack together 5 fo that 
 all Europe was fuddenly in a conflagra- 
 tion : Firft of all, as it were in an in- 
 ftant, and with the fwiftnefs of Ctefars 
 march, all Holland was over-run, as far 
 as Amflerdam, with a vaft (laughter. 
 
 There was a bloody fight at fca the 
 fame fummer, between the English and 
 'Dutch, the Commanders being the 
 Duke of Tork on one fide, and Renter 
 on the other. The enemy being as it 
 were in defpair, behaved thcmfclvcs 
 with more ardour and fierccnefs than 
 heretofore 5 and tho' they were over- 
 come, and put to flight, and block'd up 
 in port, yet the vi&ory coft us dear. 
 
 There 
 
Op his own Time. 15 v 
 
 There was a great (laughter of men 
 on both fides : For when the c Dutch y 
 fighting almoft with Englijh fury, fought 
 nearer than formerly, with every volley 
 of fhot, and every turn of the fhips, a 
 great number of men fell in both fleets. 
 Amongft the Englifi, many honorary 
 foldiers were (lain, and ten captains of 
 fhips. Amongft thefc were the Earl of 
 Sandwich*, and c Digby fon of the Earl 
 of Briftol? who almoft alone fought 
 with the third fquadron of the "Dutch : 
 But at length, when Digby was fhot 
 thro' the heart, and the fhip that he 
 commanded was bor'd thro* with innu- 
 merable fhots, the fca-men with diffi- 
 culty brought her into the harbour. 
 But Sandwich having fadly fhatter'd fe- 
 ven of their fhips, and beat off three 
 flre-fhips, at length being over-power'd 
 with numbers, fell a facrifice for his 
 country. A Gentleman adorn'd with 
 all the virtues of Alcibiades, and untaint- 
 ed by any of his vices 5 of high birth, 
 capable of any bufinefs, full of wif- 
 dom, a great Commander at fea and land, 
 L 4 and 
 
15 1 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 and alfo learned and eloquent, affable, 
 liberal, and magnificent. 'Digby was 
 defcended of a family famous both for 
 courage and wit, and as dear to Sandwich, 
 for his great endowments, as if he had 
 been his own fon 5 he was furnifh'd with 
 learning that became the dignity of his 
 birth ; a very beautiful youth, (he had per- 
 formed many glorious actions before he 
 had fcarcely attain'd to man's eftate) he 
 knew not what fear was ; he was pati- 
 ent of labour, and prodigal of himfelf, 
 and yet not ram ; engag'd in battles, 
 fieges, fea-flghts, and all the actions of 
 war, from the very beginning of his 
 life : And mod unfortunately it hap- 
 pen'd to his country, to have a youth 
 of fo much bravery, and fuch fine parts, 
 hurried off by fo untimely a death. But 
 thus generally what is moft excellent, 
 is of fhorteft continuance ! 
 
 With the fame lofs to his country > 
 fell that eminently ingenious youth, 
 Charles Cotterel, the eldeft fon of the 
 belt of fathers, in the twenty fecond 
 year of his age. A Gentleman devoted 
 3 to 
 
Of his own Time. 15 3 
 
 to all kinds of learning ; not only skill'd 
 in the Greek and Latin tongues, but who 
 fpoke ( fo great was his memory i) every 
 language of Europe? as readily as if it 
 had been his mother tongue. But al- 
 tho* he was adorn'd with all polite and 
 genteel learning, he was yet no lefs a 
 ibldicr, being endued with equal fweet- 
 nefs and greatnefs of mind; he loved 
 his friends with entire finccrity, fear'd 
 no enemy, if indeed he had any, and 
 cxcell'd in an incredible vigour and 
 conftancy of mind. He alfo, being en- 
 rich'd with thefe great endowments, 
 was moft beloved by Sandwich : There- 
 fore he follow'd him into all the dan- 
 gers of war, and did not attend him 
 with Ids diligence than if he had been 
 one of thole that were to guard him. 
 But when in this extremity of danger, 
 he found that that great man mufl die, 
 with what fury, with what indignation, 
 with what an entire negled of himfclf, 
 did he rufh upon the enemy ! If any 
 one durft attempt to board his fliip, he 
 was the firft that made the man rue 
 
 his 
 
i;4 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 his rafhnefs ; and often the firft that 
 boarded the enemy, and encountered 
 dangers whercfocver they offer'd them- 
 felvcs ; and there was nothing fo diffi- 
 cult or dangerous, but what he attempt- 
 ed, till being wearied with the flaugh- 
 ter of his enemic, he died in the midft 
 of his vidories. 
 
 But the Duke of Tork y as he had bet- 
 ter fortune, fo he had greater glory,, 
 with regard to his danger and his cou- 
 rage. For at the beginning of the en- 
 gagement, he was bcfet by four fhips, 
 one of them Admiral Renters fhip, an- 
 other Vice-Admiral Van-EJfi's, and two 
 other of their largeft fhips, lent to fup- 
 port them : He not only Hood the fhock 
 of thefe, but oblig'd them to retire, and 
 as often as he had the advantage of 
 the wind, he fought fo near them, fhip 
 to fhip, as if they had engaged, not 
 with guns, but (words. And altho' the 
 'Dutch were at firft animated by their 
 numbers, yet he foon put them into 
 difordcr by this clofe fighting 5 till at 
 length, after three hours, the Duke of 
 3 Torts 
 
Of his own Time. 155 
 
 Torks Admiral fhip was fhattcr'd and 
 bor'd by many great (hots, and ftrip'd 
 of its mails and yards, fo that he was 
 forcd to go on board Vice-Admiral 
 Holmes's fhip, in which, when he had 
 maintain'd a fight for fomc hours, not 
 fo properly with fmgle mips, as indeed 
 with their whole fleet, that alio was 
 fo fhattcr'd with frequent fhots, that af- 
 terwards it could hardly be drawn in- 
 to harbour, for (he drew water fix foot 
 deep before the Duke left her. Hence 
 he went with the Royal Standard on 
 board a third fhip, commanded by Spragg> 
 in which he renew'd the battle with 
 greater heat, and at length, towards the 
 clofe of the day, (and the battle begun 
 in the morning) he put the enemy to 
 flight, and following them to their har- 
 bours, he block'd them up for two 
 days, till the wind blowing hard, and a 
 ftorm rifing, he return'd into port with 
 his victorious fleet. 
 
 This one battle did not put an end 
 to the war, but the next year there 
 were fcveral engagements, firft on the 
 
 20 th 
 
i $6 Br. Parker's History 
 
 20 th of May, then on the 4 th of June 7 
 and laftly on the 20 th of Auguft : But 
 the "Dutch being now made more wary, 
 by the change of their affairs for the 
 better, engage with their ufual pru- 
 dence, ufmg their arts more than their 
 arms. For they never venture to fight, 
 but near their coads and havens, and 
 banks of fand, nay almoft within their 
 harbours. Neither would they engage, 
 but at a very convenient diflancc from 
 their enemy, only there was a remark- 
 able fight between Spragg and Tromp : 
 For thefe having mutually agreed to at- 
 tack each other, not out of hatred, but 
 a third of glory, they engag'd with all 
 the rage, or as it were with all the 
 fport of war. They came fo clofe to 
 one another, that like an army of foot 
 they fought at once with their guns and 
 fwords. Almod at every turn, both 
 their fiiips, though not funk, were yet 
 bored through, their cannon being dif- 
 charg d within common gun-fhot : Nei- 
 ther did our ball fall in vain into the 
 fea, but each fhip piere'd the other, as 
 
 if 
 
Of his own Time. 157 
 
 if they had fought with fpcars. But at 
 length, three or four fhips being fhat- 
 ter'd, as Spragg was palling in a long- 
 boat from one fhip to another, the boat 
 was over-turn'd by a chance mot, and 
 that great man not being skill'd, in fwim- 
 ming was drown'd, to the great grief 
 of his generous enemy, who after the 
 death of Spragg could hardly hope to 
 find an enemy equal to himfclf. But 
 thus it happen d, that when that brave 
 man had overcome fo many dangers? 
 his country being now victorious and 
 fafe, no honour remained for him to 
 receive, but the reward of a glorious 
 death. 
 
 And thus there was an end put to 
 war and (laughter, by the death of this 
 great man, for foon after a peace was 
 concluded : For the 'Dutch being hum- 
 bled and broke, by fo many defeats at 
 fea and land, they offer'd humble pe- 
 titions to the King of Great Britain, 
 begging for peace and mercy, making 
 ufe of the Spamjh EmbalTador to inter- 
 pofe his mediatorfhip : For the King, 
 
 after 
 
158 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 after fo many leagues broken, and vain 
 promifes made by the f aft ion of the 
 De-IVits, would no longer be put off 
 with 'Dutch faith, but required fome 
 perfon to be guarantee for the per- 
 formance of the conditions agreed up- 
 on. Which being done, the peace was 
 concluded upon thefe terms. 
 
 Firft, the "Dutch were for the future^ 
 with all obeifance, to ftrike to the fhips 
 of England. 
 
 Then they were to reftore the prifon- 
 ers taken at Surinam to their liberty. 
 
 Then they were to quit what they 
 had taken in both Indies. 
 
 And laftly, they were to pay eight 
 hundred thoufand crowns to the King 
 of Great Britain, for the charges of the 
 war. 
 
 Thefe articles of peace the King 
 thought fit to lay before the Parliament, 
 before he would ratify them, the Par- 
 liament finding but one article of little 
 confideration , about fifhing near the 
 Britifh fhorcs, they moil: heartily thanked 
 the King, and applauded his wifdom in 
 
 what 
 
Of his own Time. 152 
 
 what he had done. So a peace was 
 concluded the beginning of the next 
 month, viz. February the 9 th , 1674. and 
 has continued to this day : Every thing 
 was granted for which the war was be- 
 gun, eipecially the right and honour of 
 the flag, which the 'Dutch had never, 
 from the times of Cromwell, acknow- 
 ledge to be due to the Engl? fh, by any 
 fan ingenuous agreement, or without 
 ambiguous words. But fince this had 
 been the caufe, or rather the colour and 
 pretence of the war, Borell, the Embaf- 
 fador from the States General to the 
 King of Great Britain y confulted John 
 De-IVits, who was the chief man in 
 power, that he might know how to 
 treat of that affair. De-Wits anfwered 
 hi thefe words, September 22, 1671. 
 u This pretended dominion of the fea 
 " was always ungrateful to the ears of 
 " our countrymen 5 and as often as it 
 " was proposed, it was always rejected 
 u with indignation ; and indeed at thofe 
 " very times, when the affairs of the 
 u Dutch were but in a low eftate with 
 
 " refpect 
 
i Go Bp. Parker's History 
 
 refped to England, and they were in 
 the greateft ftraits, both for the want 
 of (hips, and becaufe their meafures 
 were not well fettled for undertak- 
 ing a war -, to wit, in the years 165 3, 
 and 1654, when they made a league 
 with Cromwell. " In which, after a 
 long difputc, the 'Dutch agreed to give 
 the honour of the flag, but not as a right 
 and due, but as it were out of court efy 
 and civility. And when the Englijh 
 long contended that their top-fails and 
 flags fhould be lower'd, not only by 
 fingle fhips, but by whole fleets ; the 
 'Dutch, on the other hand, conftantly 
 refusal to agree to the peace, unlcfs that 
 claufe concerning the fubmiflion of 
 whole fleets, were taken away. 
 
 There was the fame agreement in 
 the treaties of 1662, and 1667, in which, 
 fays he, there was nothing new done, 
 but the Englijh were contented with 
 the bare tranferibing of the article for- 
 merly drawn up ; whence he will have 
 it to be plain, " that it is not without 
 " manifeft injury, that this honour is 
 
 " claim'd 
 
Of his own Time. \Ci 
 
 " claim'd of our Republick, under the 
 " title of a right and a due, and that 
 " the whole fleet of the United Pro- 
 " vinces fliould lower their fails and 
 U flags at meeting one or two Englijh 
 u fhips. Both thefe things were look'd 
 u upon as intolerable, and rejc&ed, 
 " even in the moil difficult times of 
 " the Republick: How much more in- 
 u tolerable then (with fubmifllon) is it, 
 " that fuch things fhould now be de- 
 " manded of us?" Thus he fpoke. To 
 the fame effect, the States afterwards 
 delivered in a Memorial to the King, 
 by their Embaffador, * 8 ^}-i 67 1-2, fo 
 exactly like, in words and fenfe, to 'De 
 Wifs letter, that it is plain they were 
 both written by the fame author. To 
 thefe the King made anfwer, that he 
 refented it very much, that Cromwell's 
 times were alledg'd to him 3 that the 
 right of the flag was a very antient 
 right of the Kings of England, and had 
 been paid from the earliclt times within 
 the memory of man ; not granted by 
 any league or compaft, much lefs by 
 
 M one 
 
i6t Bp. Parker's History 
 
 one made with Cromwell - y that he, the 
 more eafily to maintain his newly-got- 
 ten tyranny at home, did agree to any 
 the moft difhonourable conditions a- 
 broad; and facrificed the rights of Mo- 
 narchy to his tin j uft pofleflion : That it 
 was fufficient for a tyrant, if he gain'd 
 any civility or courtefy from foreign- 
 ers 5 but that a King of England would 
 never accept of an honour fo precari- 
 oufly given : That unlefs it was allow'd 
 to be an abfolute right, he wou'd ne- 
 ver receive any thing from TDutch cour- 
 tefy : That an honour arifing from fuch 
 a title wou'd not laft lomz;, but would 
 be withdrawn the firft opportunity. 
 They ihould therefore know, that he 
 requir'd the abfolute dominion of the 
 fea 5 not only the Brztifh fea, (as they 
 wou'd have it) but farther northward, 
 as far as Norway. They fhould remem- 
 ber that their fathers paid toll to Charles 
 the Firft, in the years 1635-36-37, for 
 the liberty of fifhing within the feas of 
 his dominion and empire, and therefore 
 they ftruggled againft it in vain 5 for he 
 
 wou'd 
 
Of his own Time. 163 
 
 wou'd not accept the honour, except they 
 acknowledg'd the right of the flag. 
 Thus the "Dutch being; overcome, agreed 
 to whatfoever conditions he plcas'd, 
 again acknowledging our anticnt right, 
 and extending our dominion at fea as 
 far as Norway. The French King alone 
 was againfl: this league. His Embaila- 
 dor Ruvigny, in a Memorial prefented 
 Jan. 25. 1674. complain d that it was 
 not juft, by the articles of the alliance 
 with France, to make a feparate peace. 
 But why did he not confidcr, that thi s 
 very alliance was before violated by 
 himfelf ? For the Kings agreed chiefly 
 upon that condition, that the peace of 
 Aix laChapelle, made in 1662, between 
 Spain and France, concerning the li- 
 mits of both Kingdoms, mould be pre- 
 ferv'd : Eut ncverthclcfs the French had 
 made an irruption into Flanders, where- 
 fore the King of England was not on- 
 ly releas'd from that alliance, which the 
 French had broken, but was oblig'd, 
 both in the defence of his Ally, (as the 
 Spaniard was) and alfo in his own, to 
 M 2 defend 
 
1 64 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 defend Flanders by force of arms, againft: 
 the French. Thus was this war, that 
 had been bafely begun by the Factious, 
 juftly, profperouily, and honourably 
 ended, when they were remov'd from 
 the adminiftration. 
 
 But although this war with the 'Dutch 
 being ended, the temple of Janus was 
 fliut in our part of the world ; yet the 
 fame rage and contagion of war feizM 
 all the other nations of Europe. Which 
 palling from one nation to another, 
 there was no nation but Britain alone, 
 which did not feel and grieve for the 
 worft calamities of war for four years 
 together. For as the Mod Chriftian 
 King was more elated by his good fuc- 
 cefs againft the c Dutch y being before a 
 man of a very great fpirit, and pre- 
 fumed that nothing would ftand in his 
 way 5 fo the neighbouring Princes, a- 
 (toniflYd at his fudden greatnefs, betook 
 themfeives to their arms, by a com- 
 mon agreement. Firft, there was an al- 
 liance cnter'd into between the Empe- 
 ror of the Romans > the King of S]>am y 
 4 and 
 
Of his own Time. i 6% 
 
 and the United Provinces, upon a con- 
 dition common to all alliances, That 
 every thing (honld be done jointly, and 
 by common content of the Confede- 
 rates : That no one fhould confult fe- 
 parately for himfeif : That each of them 
 (hould fHpulatc for the fame terms of 
 peace for the others, as he fhould for 
 himfeif j ne:: lonld any of them 
 
 make peace for himfeif, without pro- 
 curing it for all. Thus the Dutch a- 
 greed with the Spaniard, by the 8 th 
 article, That they would not feparately 
 treat of a truce 5 and that one would 
 not agree to a ceflation of arms with- 
 out the confent of the other. By the 
 9 : " article, That one would not treat of 
 a feparate peace without the other, nor 
 without making the fame terms for their 
 Ally, as for themfeives. By the 16- ar- 
 ticle, That they would not make peace 
 with the Mofi Chriftian King, before 
 the CatBolick King fhould be reftor'd to 
 the pofieiilon of all thofe places which 
 were taken fincc the Tyrenzan treaty, 
 in the year i6j9$ and particularly by 
 M 3 the 
 
\GC Bp. Parkers History 
 
 the iS th article, That they would deliver 
 into his hands the city of Maeftricht* 
 with its dependencies, without any re- 
 fcrve. But there was not fo ftrid a 
 league ft ruck with the Emperor, to 
 whom (becaufe at that time the Turk 
 threaten'd the Empire) it was allow'd, 
 by the 6 th article, That if a war fhou'd 
 happen with the Turks, he might with- 
 draw his forces from the confederate 
 war againft the Moft Chriftian King, to 
 defend his own country. To this triple 
 alliance, the firfl: that join'd himfelf, was 
 the Duke of Lorrain-, with whom it was 
 agreed, by the 6 th article, in thefe words: 
 cc That if things mould break out into 
 " an open war, their Imperial and Ca- 
 " tholick Majefties, and the States Ge- 
 " neral, do jointly, and with the com- 
 " mon confent of all, encase their 
 " faith to his Serene Highnefs the Duke 
 " of Lorram, that they will not begin 
 " to treat of a peace, or truce, with- 
 " out acquainting him with it 5 nor till 
 €e they have at the fame time procur'd 
 " for him neceffary and fufficient power 
 
 " and 
 
Of his own Time. 167 
 
 ,c and fecurity to fend his Embaffadors 
 " to the place of treaty : That like- 
 " wife they will from time to time 
 " acquaint his Serene Highnefs with 
 " every thing that fhall happen in thofc 
 " treaties; and that they will not come 
 " into any agreement of peace or truce, 
 " unlefs they can agree for the fame 
 " rights for him as for themfclves ; and 
 u unlefs there be rcftor'd to him all the 
 " lands, dominions, places, rights, im- 
 " munities and prerogatives, which he 
 " had in his Dutchy, when the French 
 " laft invaded him. " The fame league 
 at the death of the Duke of Lorrain, 
 was voluntarily renewed by the States 
 General, with Charles his nephew and 
 fuccefibr, after two years, in thefe 
 words : " The States General, to all and 
 " feveral whom it may concern, fend 
 " greeting. Whereas on the i ft day of 
 u J u fy> l6 73- lt was agreed by treaty 
 " between their Imperial and Catholick 
 u Majefties, and Our Selves, on one 
 " part, and his Serene Highnefs the Lord 
 " Duke of Lorrain, of glorious memo- 
 M 4 u ry, 
 
i£S Bp. Parker's History 
 
 " ry, on the other; Be it known to 
 " all, that the aforefaid agreement did 
 " not only relate to the perfon of the 
 €t aforefaid Duke, but alfo comprchend- 
 <c ed the Lords his Succeffors ; We there- 
 " fore renew the fame covenant, on 
 " our part, with the prefent Duke of 
 " Lorrain ; nor will we agree to any 
 " treaty of peace, unlefs his Serene 
 ec Highnefs be admitted into it, and un- 
 " left he is reflor'd to all the rights 
 " which his uncle of glorious memory 
 " poflefs'd. To which we fet our com- 
 i l mon fcal, this 11 th day of "December \ 
 
 " 1675. 
 
 Next to the Duke of Lorrain, came 
 into the fame confederacy, the Dukes 
 of Brunfaick and Lunenburgh on 44 of 
 June, 1674, by the 14 th article. And 
 at the fame time the Elector of Bran- 
 denburgh, by the 20 th and 24 th articles. 
 Then the King of Denmark, by the 1 8 th , 
 19 th , and 20 th . In the beginning of 
 the following year, to wit, the 26 th of 
 January, 1675. the Bifhop of Ofna- 
 burgh by the n th c Towards the end of 
 
 the 
 
Of his own Time. i£p 
 
 the fame year, on the 16 th of October ', 
 the Bifhop of Munfier, by the 8 th . 
 Laftly, the Prince Talatine, the 25 th of 
 November ', 1676, by the 19 th ? though 
 indeed fomewhat late; and perhaps he 
 had not acceded at all , had not his 
 country been almoft taken and fpoil'd. 
 For the firft theatre of war was the Pa- 
 latinate of the Rhine ; a Province very 
 feverely tormented with war, if ever 
 any country was, which had fuffer'd 
 great devaluations in frequent battles in 
 the German war of the former age. 
 
 The firft battle, between thofe famous ^ une l6 
 Commanders, Marfhal Turenne on one 1674. 
 fide, and the Duke of Lorrain on the 
 other, was fought with a great flaughtcr 
 of men on both fides, but an even bat- 
 tle y and fo, the Commanders being a 
 match for each other, went off with 
 great (laughter of their forces, the vic- 
 tory being claim' d on both fides, but 
 not gain'd on either. In both armies, 
 there were flain, in a few hours, above 
 twenty thoufand men. And had not 
 night put a flop to their fury, fince each 
 
 Com- 
 
170 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 Commander could not bear the thoughts 
 of leaving the field, unlefs with con- 
 quefl, the fight would not have ended 
 in vi&ory on either fide, but a univcrfal 
 (laughter of both armies. 
 Aug. 11. With almoft the fame rage and event 
 there was a battle fought under the 
 Prince of Orange on one fide, and the 
 Prince of Conde on the other, till almoft 
 midnight, near Seneff in Flanders 5 hot 
 and doubtful was the engagement, 
 there was no retreat but in death, ei- 
 ther army often giving back a little, but 
 neither a&ually retiring. 
 
 Firft of all, the French coming upon 
 them by furprize out of a wood, and 
 attacking the enemy in the rear, put 
 them to flight, taking all their artillery 
 and baggage. But purfuing them that 
 fled, till they joind their own men, 
 they were repuls'd with great (laughter; 
 and were put to fo precipitate a flight, 
 that lofing their booty, they hardly got 
 into order again. Hereupon, when all 
 things were fet in order for a more 
 equal battle, the fight was renew'd. 
 
 The 
 
Of his own Time. 171 
 
 The a&ion was very hot ; the Generals 
 were prefent every where 5 commended 
 thofe that behav'd themfelvcs well, and 
 fevcrcly reproach'd thofe that did not; 
 and wherever there was any danger of 
 retiring, opposed and ftop'd it by their 
 example ; whence there was a fierce 
 {laughter on both fides. For they fought 
 with that fury, that at length being 
 quite tired, and hardly able to bear their 
 own arms, much lefs the ftrokes of the 
 enemy (if indeed they were able to 
 ftrike) they on both fides did not fo 
 properly found a retreat, and go away 
 in order, as voluntarily give over fight- 
 ing, by the favour of the night inter- 
 vening. Each army rather wondred at 
 the obflinacy of their enemy, than boaft- 
 ed of their own victory. The French 
 confefs'd that there were four thoufand 
 of their men (lain, and above ten thou- 
 fand of their enemies. The end of the 
 battle was fuch as might be expecled 
 between two Commanders that know 
 their own courage, and cannot think 
 
 of retiring. 
 
 There 
 
172, Bp Parker's History 
 
 There was a third battle this year, 
 in the fame Province of the Talatinate, 
 between the fame armies, under the 
 fame Commanders, as the firft. That 
 alfo was fuch a battle as may be con- 
 ceived between two armies that rival'd 
 one another's fame and glory ; for it 
 was not yet determin'd concerning the 
 fuccefs of the former battle, to which 
 fide the vidory inclin'd. Since there- 
 fore the event of this one battle was 
 to be the reward of both, they fought 
 with double obftinacy. The engage- 
 ment began in the morning, and con- 
 tinued with that heat to the evening 
 as may be fuppofed between two ar- 
 mies inflam'd with anger, hatred, re- 
 venge, and emulation : Therefore the 
 {laughter was fo great that it did not 
 feem to be a fight, but a perfeft car- 
 nage. Nor did they part from one an- 
 other, till both being weary with (laugh- 
 ter, retreated purely for want of necef- 
 fary refrefhment. In both armies there 
 were loft at leaft twenty thoufand ; al- 
 moft half the men that were in the ac- 
 tion. 
 
Of his own Time. 173 
 
 tion. In thcfe dreadful {laughters, the 
 year was fpent 5 which could never 
 have happen'd, had not opportunity and 
 occafion been given for a war, by the 
 breaking of the triple alliance : For the 
 French King was not fo mad as to dare, 
 alone, to proclaim war againft all Eu- 
 rope. But the alliance being broken, 
 he prefently began that war againft the 
 'Dutch, which obliged all the people 
 of Europe, from their fevcral habitati- 
 ons far and wide, as far as the Chriftian 
 world reaches, to defend themfelves a- 
 gainft him. Whence there was fo vaft 
 a deluge of Chriftian blood, as perhaps 
 was never before ; at leaft if the fhort 
 time in which fo many wars were car- 
 ried on, be compar'd with' the great- 
 nefs of the (laughters. 
 
 But when they had fo often fought 1675, 
 with equal ftrength and lofs of men on 
 both fides, their confidence in them- 
 felves, and contempt of their enemies, 
 being now abated, they began to con- 
 fider of peace, the King of Great Bri- 
 tain periuading and intcrpofing; who 
 
 aifo 
 
174 B p - Parker's History 
 
 alfo offer'd himfelf as a guarantee of 
 the treaty. They difputcd long about 
 the place of treaty ; at length, two years 
 after they agreed upon Nimeguen y a 
 city in the Province of Gelderland. In 
 the mean time, whiift the Embafladors 
 of the Princes prcpar'd themfelvcs for 
 their embaffy (which is ufually very long 
 and tedious) the preparations for war 
 went on the more, and were the great- 
 er, between enemies diftrufting one an- 
 other. The Confederates rais'd five ar- 
 mies : The firft an Imperial, under the 
 Count of Montecuculiy that was to en- 
 camp upon the Rhine in Alface y the 
 fecond, under the Duke. of Lorrain, w^- 
 orxthc Mof e lie , a third, under the Duke 
 of Brandenburghy againft the Swedes \ 
 a fourth, of the Dutchy of Lunenburgh y 
 and the Bifhopricks of Ofnaburgh and 
 Minden 5 a fifth under the Prince of 
 Orange y in Flanders: To which add 
 the King of 'Denmark, with an army of 
 above fixtcen thoufand, that were to 
 come to aid the Ele&or of Branden- 
 burgh againft the Swedes. To theie the 
 
 Moft 
 
Of his own Time. 175 
 
 Mod Chriftian King made equal prepa- 
 rations. But at the very beginning of 
 the war, the French affairs receiv'd two 
 deadly blows. For when two Generals 
 equal to one another, Turenne and 
 Montecuciiliy had almoft fpent the fum- 
 mer in trying to get convenient filia- 
 tions, after innumerable ftratagems of 
 war, they at length pitch'd their camps 
 within gun-fhot of each other. Turenne 
 fortify 'd his camp, that the enemy 
 thinking him diffident of his ftrength, 
 might be tempted to come on more 
 readily, and with lefs caution. But 
 when he had built two bridges over 
 the Rhine, which flow'd between their 
 camps, not far from Strasfairgh, and 
 had prepaid every thing convenient for 
 a battle, fomc pretended deferters told 
 him that there was an ambufh laid for 
 him not far from the bridge. And he 
 prefently went with thofe who made 
 this pretended difcovery, to a conve- 
 nient height of ground to fee about 
 him. In the mean time the enemy had 
 hid two letter field-pieces laden with 
 4 bullets, 
 
tjC Bp. Parker's History 
 
 bullets, in a thicket not far diftant. 
 Which being difcharg'd while he was 
 viewing, gave this great man fuch a 
 wound in his bread: that he expir'd that 
 very moment. Thus died the moft fa- 
 mous Commander of his age, both for 
 conduct and courage 5 not above fixty 
 four years old, when for more than 
 thirty years he had born the high honour 
 of Great Marefchal of France, with the 
 higheft character and glory of a great 
 Commander. A man both of the 
 greateft skill in military affairs, and of 
 invincible courage; never overcome in 
 a battle, and never, till his death, out- 
 done in craft or ftratagem. But fo it 
 was, that the fcholar (for when he was 
 young, he ferv'd under Montecuculz, and 
 was much belov'd by him, for his mili- 
 tary accomplifhmcnts) was overcome by 
 his mafter in that art which he had 
 learn'd of him. The report of their 
 General, or rather their Father being 
 (lain (for all that ferv'd under him call'd 
 him Father) being fprcad amongft the 
 foldicrs, they were ftruck at once with 
 
 fuch 
 
Of his own Tim e. 177 
 
 fuch grief and anger, that they could 
 hardiy be rcftrain'd by the authority of 
 their officers from rufhin^ In to the c- 
 ncmy with cheeks full of tears, and 
 hearts full of revenge ; for there was 
 never any General dearer to his foldiers; 
 for whom he corrected with his difci* 
 plinc, he oblig'd by his courtefy. He was 
 fevere if there was occafton, but never 
 pailionate or cruel 5 and, as far as be- 
 came a General, he was plcafantly fa- 
 miliar with his foldicrs. In the mean 
 time the Genera's, the rage of their 
 foldiers fomewhat abating, thinking that 
 the matter would turn to fear and con- 
 ftcrnation, prefently, a council being 
 Call'd, reiblv'd to retire, and pafs the 
 Rhine with as much fpeed as they could. 
 Which was done three days after, by 
 night, the Count de Large, the Marc- 
 fchal's nephew, commanding the retreat, 
 who tho' he manag'd it with excellent 
 Conduct and courage, yet he was fo 
 gauled by the enemy in his rear, that 
 he hardly brought ofr half his army fafe. 
 The day after the French had left their 
 N camp, 
 
178 Br. Parkers History 
 
 camp, the Germans puriiung them brisk- 
 ly, a fierce battle was fought. They 
 continued fighting from before noon, 
 till fun-let, with great (laughter on both 
 fides, and a doubtful battle. Of the 
 French above fix thoufand, of the Ger- 
 mans three thoufand were loft. But 
 the French palling the Rhine after the 
 battle, they came wearied and glad to 
 their quarters in Alface. 
 
 Almoft at the fame moment of time 
 another melancholy exprefs is brought 
 from lower Germany ', to the Mod Chris- 
 tian King, of a vi&ory obtain'd by the 
 Duke of Lorrain and the Confederates, 
 over Marefchal Crequi: For when the 
 Confederates had long befieg'd the city 
 of Triers, Crequi came to relieve it. 
 Lorrain advancing with a fudden march 
 from the oppofite part of the city, came 
 up with him at noon, and made as great 
 a (laughter of his army as was at 
 Canrne or Thrafymene. Mod of the 
 horfe, and all the foot were (lain, and 
 their artillery and baggage taken 5 and 
 Crequi, with about fix horfe, fled thro' 
 
 the 
 
Of his own Time. 179 
 
 the midft of the enemy, with wonder- 
 ful flibtlety and courage, to Triers. 
 Lorrain having overcome Crequi, whom 
 that great old man hated moft of all, 
 as bavins been driven out of his couiv 
 try by him, did (as I may lay) defpife 
 a longer continuance in life, and gladly 
 breath' d out his foul full of juft and 
 generous revenge : And what could hap- 
 pen more pleafing to fuch a brave Com- 
 mander as he was, than thus to die in 
 the midft of victory ? In the mean time, 
 Marcfchal Crequi came opportunely to 
 the bcfieg'd city, for the Count "De 
 Vignor, the Governour of the city, was 
 kili'd fome days before, the cannon con- 
 tinually thundring againft the walls, fe* 
 vcral breaches were made. Nor could 
 Crequi, being conquer 'd, hope for aid. 
 And moreover, the enemy's attack was 
 much more violent after the JU&taty 
 than before. Yet Crequi y in theie def- 
 perate circumftances, almoft rebuilds the 
 town \ planting cannon upon the walls, 
 he keeps off the enemy, wearies them 
 With frequent fallies, and often beats 
 N 2 them 
 
i8o Bp. Parker's History 
 
 them off the ramparts, and forces them 
 back into their camp. He repairs the 
 fhatter'd walls and towers, and raills 
 new fortifications within, to llrengthcn 
 the places moft in danger. Neither 
 night nor day did he ccafe from fight- 
 ing and working ; fometimes he breaks 
 in upon their camp, and always luc- 
 ceeds in his fallics. At length, the e- 
 nemy being wearied with fo many bat- 
 tles and {laughters, on the firft of Sep- 
 tember made a general affault upon the 
 town. An attack was made at once in 
 four places, by four feveral bodies ; the 
 befieg'd were beaten off the w r alls by 
 the multitude of the enemies. The 
 Confederates, the walls being taken, 
 thinking the town was alfo taken, made 
 an affault upon feveral places where the 
 walls had been batter'd down, but were 
 immediately driven out with great 
 (laughter of their men, and prcfently 
 diflodg'd from the walls. Neverthelcfs, 
 three breaches being made forty foot 
 wide, all but Crequi defpair'd of making 
 a farther defence. He therefore rcfufing, 
 
 the 
 
Of his own Time. 181 
 
 the reft, on the 5 th of December, fent 
 deputies to treat of articles for furren- 
 dring the city. And they agreed that 
 they fhould have liberty to go under a 
 guard to Vetray, the next French Gam- 
 fonj and an oath was taken that they 
 would not bear arms for three months? 
 that the oliicers fhould go out arm'd on 
 horfeback, but that the reft fhould have 
 only their fwords. Crequi alone gave 
 up himfelf as a prifoner of war at the 
 enemy's difcretion 5 with which grcat- 
 nefs of mind, he not only rccovcr'd the 
 King's favour, but had more of it than 
 ever j lb that afterwards the chief com- 
 mand of the war was in his hands, as 
 formerly it had been in Turenne. But 
 the reft that furrendred were cafhier'd, 
 and their leader beheaded. For there is 
 no law of war more facred and impor- 
 tant, than that a foldier fhould do no- 
 thing without his General's command, 
 and much lefs againft it 5 for if this 
 law were taken away, military discipline 
 muft utterly ceafe. Therefore the whole 
 army fhould rather have fallen with 
 N 3 their 
 
tii Bp. Parker's History 
 
 their General in the ruins of the town ? 
 :cd him in delperation. 
 16": By thefe leveral (laughters in one 
 vear. not onlv of his own forces, but 
 ft* the Swedes had ill 
 the French King was 
 Jin'd to peace. The 
 King, be::.; : man of great judgment 
 foreiV that the we. 
 . _: :: i war, if it fhouid lie longer 
 upon . in he himfelf deftr'd, would 
 
 over-bear him; therefore the war was 
 : :crwarcs carried on, not Co much by 
 ba:: :. : '__. 3iis fortune. 
 
 A$r - hi the following fpring, the 
 
 city of Ccnde was fudden.y befieg'd by 
 the F-er.cb, the Moil CI n King 
 
 himfe. i Mug the fiege. Within nine 
 days, and almoft at the firft attack, it 
 was taken and plundered, altho' the gar- 
 rilbn confifted of Seventeen hundred 
 For the King hearing that the 
 Prince of Orange was coming with his 
 :ole army, with all poffibie fpeed, to 
 . town, his army beir 
 numerous, made violent attacks in fe- 
 ral 
 
Of his own Time. i8j 
 
 vcral places at once ; by one of which 
 part of the wall was levell'd and broken 
 down, and he took the town in a mo- 
 ment, and made all the beftegcd pri- 
 foners of war. But altho' the Prince of 
 Orange, drawing out his men in order 
 of battle, often challenged him to fight; 
 yet being taught by the misfortunes of 
 the former year, he would never go 
 out of his camp to try the fortune of 
 war ; and he that was before fo very 
 eager, now grown more wary, could 
 not be mov'd by any indignities, but 
 chofe rather to proceed by policy than 
 battle. 
 
 Since therefore the French could not 
 be drawn to a battle, the Prince of O- 
 range, having made fcveral marches and 
 counter-marches, at length being wearied 
 with moving about, fate down before 
 Maejiricht in lower Germany 5 and at the 
 fame time the Confederates befieg'd 
 Thilipsburgh in the upper. In both 
 fiegcs there was the utmoit obftinacy 
 on either fide, and confequcntly a vaft 
 deftruction of men. In the mean time 
 N 4 Marcfchal 
 
i§4 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 Marefchal 'De Humiers befieg'd Aire, a 
 city of Artois, and attack'd it with that 
 rage of war, that even beyond his hope, 
 (tho' he was a General very brave and 
 fecure) he took it within a few days. 
 Still at the head of affairs, where any 
 thing was to be put in execution 5 with 
 an heroick vigours one that durft en- 
 counter any dangers 5 of great prefence 
 of mind in any extraordinary emer- 
 gency; indefatigable, and a very great 
 favourite of the Duke of Tork, for his 
 invincible bravery and firmnefs of foul. 
 Hence, taking the ftrong fort of Linch 
 in his way, he advanced towards Mare- 
 fchal Sckombcrg, by hafty marches. A 
 man equal, and, if any other in the fame 
 army, was fupcrior to him in courage, 
 conduct, difpatch, and greatnefs of ac- 
 tion y that with united forces they might 
 raife the iiege of Muefirkht ; for that 
 had been attacked and defended for two 
 months and a half, with incompar 
 rcfolution and valour. The beficged 
 were continually fallying, and the be- 
 fiegcrs as conilantly attacking 5 and fre- 
 quent 
 
Of his own Time. 185 
 
 qucnt actions happcn'd, with terrible 
 daughter on both fides : Large forts 
 were often taken by the enemy, and 
 the enemy again beaten out of them 
 by the befieged. But at length, when 
 whatever the rage of war could do had 
 been done on both fides, and the be- 
 fieg'd had now nothing to hope for but 
 from fuccours, the fame moment the 
 Marefchals appcar'd 5 at which joyful 
 fight, as the befteg'd conceiv'd new cou- 
 
 -■, fo the enemy, their ftrength be- 
 ing broken in a long fiegc, calling a 
 council of war, refolv'd rather to raiie 
 the ficge, than try the fortune of a 
 battle. 
 
 Thus matters went on in lower Ger- 
 many. In the mean while, in the up- 
 per they fought (if poflible) with greater 
 rage and {laughter. At Thilipsburgh 
 every defperate attempt was tried, as is 
 uiual in a long fiegc. The Confede- 
 rates at firit coming, becaufe it was not 
 expected, took the fort that is between 
 the city and the bridge over the Rhine- 
 Which being taken, there was a way 
 
 open 
 
i%6 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 open for fending as many aids as they 
 could want, to their army. The pof- 
 feffion of this city was vglu d fo much 
 on both fides, that they immediately 
 endeavour'd, with all their forces, and 
 with the utmoft expedition, to ftipport 
 the beficgers on one hand, and relieve 
 the befieged on the other. In the 
 mean time, the befiegers were encamped 
 fooncr than they could expect, the city 
 was furrounded with lines of circum- 
 vallation, batteries were rais'd, eighty 
 cannon planted, firing on both fides 
 without intermiffion, fallics daily made 
 by the befieg'd, the fiege daily carried 
 on more clofely, and the ditch being 
 fill'd up, reach'd almoft to the walls. 
 The news of which being brought to 
 Ltixernburgh, he advanced with an army 
 of more than forty thoufand men. But 
 the Duke of Lorra'm had polled the 
 Imperial Army fo conveniently before 
 the city, that Luxembiirgh defpairing of 
 relieving it, retir'd, without any a&ion. 
 In the mean while, the befieg'd loft 
 not their Spirits, continually making 
 
 fallies: 
 
Of his own Time. 187 
 
 Tallies : but at length having thrown 
 up breaft-works, they agreed upon a 
 general aflault. When the Governour 
 of the town, whofe name was Fay, had 
 declared that he would not think of 
 furrendring on any terms; but before 
 the aflault began they gave him notice 
 of it. He call'd a council of war 7 and 
 when almoft all their powder was fpent, 
 and part of the wall was fo broken 
 down, that it could not any longer be 
 maintain'^ and if it could, there was 
 not garrifon enough to defend it, there 
 being but fix hundred foot remaining, 
 he lent to treat of conditions 5 when it 
 was agreed that the city fhould be fur- 
 rendred upon thefe honourable terms : 
 That the whole garrifon, unleis they 
 were relieved in fix days, mould march 
 out with their arms, colours flying, bag- 
 gage, found of trumpet, beat of drum, 
 fwords dratvn, and with all their mo- 
 ney, whether private or publick, and 
 go to the town Hagenau, a garrifon at 
 a little diftancc, under a guard of both 
 armies. Such honourable conditions 
 
 did 
 
i S8 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 did one generous enemy grant to ano- 
 ther 5 neither could better have been 
 infifted on, or confentcd to, at the be- 
 ginning of the fiege, than were grant- 
 ed when the farther defence of the city 
 was defpair'd of. And thefe conditions 
 w T cre pcrform'd with the fame courtefy 
 and civility, as they were granted. For 
 the Moft Illuftnous Herman, Prince of 
 Baden (the chief Commander in the 
 abfence of Lorrain) came to meet the 
 Governour, as he marched out, and 
 leaping from his horfe, he embrae'd 
 him with the greateft cxpre (lions of re- 
 fpect, and begg'd the honour of his 
 friendfhip for the future 5 as a pledge of 
 which he defir'd him to accept of a 
 fword fet with diamonds. The Gover- 
 nour anfwer'dj that he durft not receive 
 a prefent from an enemy, unlefs he tirft 
 had his Mailer's leave. Then the Prince 
 defir'd the Governour to give him his 
 fword. And the Governour made an- 
 fwer, that he could not refufe any thing 
 to his Conqueror, and gave him his 
 (word. " Now (fays the Prince) altho* 
 
 " you 
 
Of his own Time, 185? 
 
 ci you arc unwilling to receive gifts 
 cc from an enemy without the leave of 
 " your King, yet without doubt his 
 *f Majelty, as he is a Prince of great 
 " magnanimity, will not take it am'ns 
 " that friends ihould exchange the mu- 
 " tual tokens and tells of their regard 
 " to one another 5" and fo he delivered 
 his fword (luck with diamonds into his 
 hand; which being reccivd, he difmifs'd 
 him with great civility. Nor did the 
 King receive this brave man with lefs 
 favour; for as a reward of his gallant 
 behaviour, he loon after conferr'd upon 
 him the government of Brifack, another 
 town in Alface y with a very great an- 
 nual (Upend. Thefc were the tranf- 
 aclions of this year, between the French 
 and the Confederates. Nor were fewer 
 lives loft in the fiegcs of this year, than 
 in the battles of the laft. Eut yet death 
 is not fatisfy'd with the facrinccs of fo 
 many great men, for at the lame time 
 that all were treating of peace, all were 
 the more intent and ea^er upon their 
 preparations for war, 
 
 4 In 
 
iS*o Bp. Parkers History 
 
 i 677. In the beginning of the next year, 
 before it was yet the feafon for tak- 
 ing the field, the Moft Chriftian King, ac- 
 cording to his ufual expedition, fate 
 down before Valenciennes \ a city in 
 Hainault, and a very flrong one, with 
 a great army, on the 10 th day of March ; 
 the fame night they open d their trenches, 
 and the w r orks were finifh'd before the 
 fifth day ; and the day following, he 
 order'd a general ftorm, dividing his ar- 
 my into four bodies, which, the fignal 
 given, on every part they fealed the 
 walls immediately. This was done with 
 fuch fury, that almoft at the firft fhout 
 they diflodg'd the befieg'd from the out- 
 ward fortifications, and follow'd them 
 with fuch heat to the inward works, 
 that they gave them no power to re- 
 cover themfelves: Being driven from 
 the fortifications, they retir'd to the ci- 
 ty $ the French pouring in amongft the 
 crowd, at once feized the gate and the 
 walls, and turning their cannon upon 
 the city, the befieg'd were fo terrify 'd 
 that foon throwing down their arms, 
 
 they 
 
Of his own Time, is>i 
 
 they entirely fubmitted themfclves to 
 the discretion of the Conqueror. The 
 King put a flop to the rage of his men 
 by his own command, and fav'd the ci- 
 ty from being plunderd. Thus was 
 this city redue'd, without any other 
 change in the condition of it, but that 
 of its Matter. Prom hence he imme- 
 diately march'd with his whole army 
 to Cambray, a city of the fame Province; 
 before which he came on the 2 2 d of 
 the fame month 5 and having made all 
 preparations for a ficge, he made fo vi- 
 gorous an attack, that the town being 
 taken on the firft of April* the enemy 
 rctir'd into the cattle, which, altho* it 
 was very ftrong, he took before the 20 th 
 day, granting the enemy moft honour- 
 able conditions. 
 
 At the lame time he befieg'd St. Omers, 
 a city of Artois, by his illuftrious bro- 
 ther the Duke of Orleans. But the Prince 
 of Orange, highly provok'd by fo many 
 conquefts obtain'd by the enemy, came 
 yith all fpeed to relieve his Allies. The 
 trench expected him 5 and as foon as 
 1 he 
 
i?z Bp. Parkeh's History 
 
 he came, a dreadful battle began : Front 
 ten of the clock in the morning, to 
 fun-fctting, they fought with great fury 
 and carnage on both fides; at lcaft fix- 
 teen thoufand were kiil'd, when the 
 Prince, becaufe his foldiers, being wea- 
 ried with the length of their march, 
 could not endure any more fatigue* 
 founded a retreat. But now all accefs 
 for fuccours to come being intercepted, 
 the beficged w r ere more furioufly attack'd 
 than before; and two days after that 
 the caftle of Cambray was taken by the 
 King, the city of St. Omers furrendrcd 
 upon the fame conditions. Both armies 
 being wearied with thefe frequent bat- 
 tics and ficges, retreat to their quarters, 
 and being rcfrefh'd they renew the cam- 
 paign. Firft of all, the Prince of Orange 
 clofely befieg'd, with all his forces, 
 Charleroy, a fortrefs in Flanders, in the 
 beginning of the month of Augiift : But 
 the Duke of Luxemburgh immediately 
 approaching with an army of above for- 
 ty thoufand, before the Prince's artillery 
 arrived, the ficge was rais'd, by the ad- 
 vice 
 
Of his own Time. 155 
 
 rice of the council of war, though the 
 Prince was very unwilling, and wou'd 
 not confent to it for fix hours. 
 
 Almofl at the end of the year, about 
 the beginning of November, Marefchal 
 *De Humiers befieg'd St. Guijlain, a town 
 of Hainault, in lower Germany, with a 
 bravery fuitable to his nation and perfon 5 
 he took it on the 1 I th day, by furrender. 
 Thus all the wars of this year were at an 
 end, and all to the advantage of the French 
 
 And tfieir fucceis was as great the next 
 year 5 for the French, as ufual, were 1677I 
 skimming the fields like io many fwal- 
 lows in the beginning of the fpring 5 
 for Marefchal "De Humiers, the King 
 with him, on the 7 th of March, laid 
 fiege to Ghent, a city of Flanders, and 
 in four days he took the town, and 
 three days after the caftle. On which 
 day the Marefchal *De Lorge befiegd 
 Jpres, a city thirteen leagues diftant 
 from Ghent, to the Weft. And altho* 
 it was relblutely defended, yet it was 
 taken by capitulation, on the 16 th of 
 the fame month. On the 2 d of May, 
 O th£ 
 
1^4 Br. Parker's History 
 
 the Govcrnour of Maeftricht, with four 
 hundred horfc, and five hundred foot? 
 commanded by Mellac, took the caftle 
 and town of Lee r jv, the key of Bra- 
 bant, by furprize. On the firft of June 
 there was a truce between France and 
 Holland agreed to for fix weeks. But 
 in the mean time, the war went on 
 with the German and Spaniard. So the 
 Duke of Noailles, General of the French 
 army in Catalonia, againft the Spaniard, 
 befieg'd the city Tuyfard? which Guf- 
 man the Governour of the city defend- 
 ed with a true Roman refoiution j nor 
 would he liften to any conditions of 
 furrender, till he was informed by an 
 officer whom he fent out to get intcL 
 jigencc, by the permiffion of the ene- 
 my, that the forces fent to relieve him 
 were retired : And then, defpairing of 
 fuccour, he furrendred upon honourable 
 conditions on the laft of May. 
 
 But the iicrceit battle of this year was 
 in upper Germany ', between thole ex- 
 cellent Commanders, Crequi and Sta- 
 ■rembercrh : For the French and German 
 
 army 
 
Or his own Time. 155 
 
 airmy having lain encamp'd a long time 
 within a few miles diftance of each o- 
 thcr, Starembergh) the Marcellus of this 
 age, brooking no delay, the Emperor's 
 leave cbtain'd, advane'd nearer, with 
 fix thoufand men, being permitted to 
 fight at his difcretion. He was a mart 
 of great activity, and inured to war* 
 and could not command himfelf, but 
 muft dare the enemy, tho' with a little 
 army. Creqni firft fent out an equal 
 number of his men, and then advanced 
 with the whole army towards them, 
 when that detachment was too weak 
 to fuftain the fhock of the enemy* 
 Staremberg made a ftand for fome hours, 
 but at length, being over-power'd by 
 numbers, retir'd to his camp. And as 
 the warmed part of the a&ion. had hap- 
 pen'd at the bridge of Rhenfield, in 
 which town Starembergh had his quar- 
 ters; on the one hand, to prevent the 
 enemy's breaking into the town, and 
 on the other, that the enemy pailing 
 the bridge might plunder the places 
 there was a great (laughter on both fides, 
 
 O % many 
 
tpC Bp. Parker's History 
 
 many were (lain, and more drown'dv 
 After an hour and a half, the Germans 
 were driven into the town, and the 
 enemy cnter'd it at the fame time, but 
 were fo warmly received, that they were 
 foon oblig'd to retreat over the bridge. 
 Which being broken down by the Ger- 
 mans, the battle was ended with equal 
 lofs of men, tho' not with the fame 
 heat and gallantry of a&iom A battle 
 certainly fuitable to* the greatnefs of 
 Starembergh, a man born for the pre- 
 fervation of Chrifiendom : For had it 
 not pleafed Providence to fend Sta- 
 rembergh into the world fa opportunely 
 in our age, it is to be fear'd that a 
 great part of the Chriftian world muft 
 have fubmitted to the Turkifi yoke : 
 For had the city of Vienna been taken 
 in 1683, before the Confederate armies 
 had joined one another (and no body 
 but Starembergh could have defended 
 that city fo long) there had been an o~ 
 pen and cafy entrance to have come in- 
 to all the Provinces of Germany. But 
 when I recollect with my felf his daily 
 
 fatigues. 
 
Of his own Time." 197 
 
 fatigues, through the whole courfe of 
 that ficge, I think my felf rather amazed 
 at a prodigy, than refle&ing upon a fad, 
 and qucftion whether it is a reality or a 
 dream. But thus it happens in every 
 age, that God fends foine extraordinary 
 men into the world, to fhine with a 
 diftinguifhing glory. Thus Star 'embergh y 
 altho' otherwife a man great in hinv 
 felf, and eminent for his great aftions, 
 yet unlcfs heaven had defign'd him for 
 that poft, very few of his friends had 
 efcaped with life. But now a bright 
 immortality attends his character; and 
 may he long furvivc to enjoy the re* 
 mcmbran£e of fuch glorious actions; 
 and may it pleafe him to accept this 
 fmall teftimony of gratitude for his ref- 
 cuing the Chriftian world. 
 
 Thus went affairs between the French 
 and the Germans y when in the mean 
 time all things feem'd to look towards 
 peace, between the c Dtitch and the French. 
 For the King of Great Britain^ in 1674, 
 on J une the 3 d , all Europe being now in 
 # flame, having offer'd his good offices 
 
 O 5 and 
 
12 8 Bp. Parkers History 
 
 and mcdiatorfhip for a general peace, 
 his offer was by common confent ac- 
 cepted, tho' neither party feem'd much 
 inclin'd to mcafures of peace. Hence 
 time was fpun out in delays as much as 
 poffible : They difputed firft about the 
 place of treaty, and after a year fpent 
 upon that point, they rcfolv'd at laft 
 upon Nimeguen in Gelderland. Two 
 years more were taken up by way of 
 preparation, as alfo in the bufinefs of 
 fettling preliminaries, letters of fafe 
 conduct, titles of Embaffadors, the ce- 
 remonies of the Congrefs, and the like. 
 And they did not begin to treat of 
 peace in earnefr, till the 15 th of March, 
 1 677, when the French King, who had 
 hitherto protra&cd affairs as long as he 
 could (as he was indeed a man no lefs 
 dexterous and expert in the managing 
 of treaties, than pufhing a war, two 
 great qualifications and accomplishments 
 of a King and a Soldier) began to treat 
 ieparatcly with the 'Dutch. And a- 
 mongft other terms of peace which he 
 propos'd to them, he ftipulated to deli- 
 ver 
 
Of his own Time. i?2 
 
 ver up to them, as a token of his friend- 
 fhip, the town of Maeftricht, with all 
 its rights and dependencies. But in the 
 mean time (till he goes on befieging. 
 
 The King of England, when he faw 
 that he and his mediatorfhip were thus 
 trifled with, and that the Provinces of 
 Flanders next to his own dominions 
 would foon fall into the hands of France , 
 at the preffing inftanccs of the Parlia- 
 ment (with what fincerity mail be faid 
 hereafter, in its proper place) entered in- 
 to an alliance with the 'Dutch) in the 
 beginning of the following year. 
 
 When the King of France was in- 
 formed of this, he immediately, on the 
 15 th of the next month, of his own ac- 
 cord, fent his terms to the Congrefs, 
 upon which, and no other, he declar'd 
 he would come to an agreement. Firft 
 of all, he demands the fame conditions 
 for his Allies as for himfelf 5 for the 
 Swede and the Duke of Holftein Gottorp y 
 that all the places taken in the war mould 
 be reftor'd to them ; for the Bifhop of 
 Strasburghy the rights of his Bifhoprick ; 
 O 4 for 
 
too Bp. Parker's History 
 
 for his brother, the Prince of Furftcm- 
 bergh, his liberty 5 and laftly, that cer- 
 tain places being reftor'd to the King of 
 Spain, all the Province of Burgundy ', Va- 
 lenciennes, Conde, Cambray, St. Omers y 
 Ipres, Aire, and other letter towns, 
 fhould be his ; and this compad was to 
 ftand, if it was made before the io* h of 
 May ; otherwife to be void and null. 
 
 But when thefe high demands of his 
 were made to no purpofe (for even the 
 Miniftcrs Mediators would not fo much 
 as propofe them to the Allies) and great 
 preparations were made in England and 
 Holland Tor war, both by land and fea, the 
 Mod Chriftian King, by letters fent from 
 his camp ncanT) einfe, dated May the 1 8 th , 
 tried the 'Dutch to bring them to a fe- 
 parate peace; for by feveral things he 
 perceived that they were more inclin'd 
 to peace than the reft, not only by the 
 complaints which they had made fo 
 plentifully a little before, to Spain and 
 England, that they were not able to 
 fupport a longer wan but alfo by Be- 
 verning their EmbarTador, who ^iad pri- 
 vily 
 
Of his own Time. ioi 
 
 vily told the French Minifters, that the 
 States General would accept the terms 
 of peace offer'd, provided they fhould 
 be in no danger from the conqueft of 
 Flanders y if the Spaniard fhould (land 
 out. 
 
 He promifes them, that if they would 
 ftand neuter, he will receive them into 
 his former friendfhip, and whatfoever 
 might happen, he would give over all 
 war in the United Provinces. They 
 humbly giving thanks by letters, em- 
 brace the King s mercy, fending alfo Be- 
 weming to ask the King's farther kind- 
 nefs. The King anfwered, him that he 
 was glad that they had difcovered fuch 
 a good difpofition for peace •, by which 
 as they would be great benefactors to 
 the' Chriftian world, fo they gave him 
 the higheft pleafure: That there was 
 nothing more at heart with him, than 
 the fparing Chriftian blood 5 that there- 
 fore it was matter of the greateft joy to 
 him, to find them as pioufly inclined : 
 That he would agree to a truce of fix 
 weeks, in which time they might try 
 
 to 
 
202 Bv. Parker's History 
 
 to bring their Allies into the fame 
 meafures. But if they fliould be averfe 
 to reftoring the peace of Europe, he 
 ftipulatcd with the 'Dutch, that they 
 fhould no longer profecute the war. 
 The States declar'd to their Allies what 
 they themfelves would do 5 and that 
 unlefs they would come into the fame 
 conditions of peace, they would treat 
 feparately for themfelves. And each of 
 the Confederates, in their Memorials 
 prefented on the 10 th of June, upbraid- 
 ed them with their treachery, in this 
 matter. Firft of all, his Imperial Ma- 
 jefty's Embaffadors cxpoftulated : And 
 the fame was done with bitternefs enough 
 by the other Minifters of the Confede- 
 rates. But the States pcrfifled, for that 
 their affairs would admit of no delay, 
 with regard to peace ; and therefore all 
 parties in confederacy muft agree out 
 of hand, or clfe the States mull make 
 a bargain for themfelves. On the 20 th 
 day of the fame month, there was an- 
 other conference, in which the Confe- 
 derates complaind more than ever: But 
 
 the 
 
Of his own TimeJ 203 
 
 the Embaflador of the Duke of Lorrain 
 the moft of all 5 who by his Matter's 
 command, and in his name, refused, 
 with the greateft indignation, to treat 
 at all, upon fuch wretched conditions 
 as were ofFcr'd to his Serene Highncfsi 
 and at the fame time, he adjured the 
 Allies that jufticc ttiould be done his 
 Matter by all the ties of religion and 
 faith. " But if (fays he) there be no 
 " faith in man, (and there can be none, 
 " if after fo many alliances and agrcc- 
 " ments he be defcrtcd by his Allies) a 
 u free banifhment appears more eligible 
 " to his Serene Highnefs, than a fervile 
 " dominion. " But the States being not 
 at all affefted either with the reproaches 
 or hardfhips of their Allies, two days 
 after commanded their Minifters to fign 
 the peace. Which being now conclud- 
 ed between the "Dutch and the French, 
 (as they thought fit themfelves) (o the 
 pofturc of affairs being broke in Eng- 
 land > the Parliament importuning the 
 King to disband the army, on a fud~ 
 den, when they came to fign, the French. 
 1 King 
 
2C4 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 King being ask'd at what time he would 
 quit the places taken from the Spaniard? 
 he anfwer'd, " Not before the Province 
 fC of Tomerania, and ail the places ta- 
 <c ken from the Swedes were reftor'd to 
 lc them. 
 
 By this new and unexpected demand, 
 all affairs were again confounded 5 the 
 Confederates were in pain about the 
 disbanding of the Englijh army ; for if 
 that fhould go on, the (late of things in 
 Flanders would be defperate : But if 
 not, it would ftiil be in their power to 
 infilt upon their demands. The army 
 happening not to be disbanded, thro J 
 the conftancy of the King, and contra- 
 ry to the hopes of France, the Confe- 
 derates took heart again, and even the 
 States threw thcmfelves into the bofom 
 of the King of Great Britain, as for 
 protection and fanduary 5 and cancelling 
 all agreement with the French, they cn„ 
 trcd into a new alliance with England, 
 That unlefs the King of France would 
 accept the conditions of peace offer'd 
 fo him, before the 1 i lh of Auguft, and 
 
 deliver; 
 
Of his own Ti^e. 205 
 
 deliver up all the places taken by him, 
 they would on that very day declare a 
 confederate war againft him, and not 
 give over, till by the power of their 
 arms they had compelled him to agree 
 to a fair and honourable peace. 
 
 France demurs, and contrives reafons 
 for delay, and pretends to offer I know 
 not what expedients to gain time 5 but 
 when he faw that he could avail no- 
 thing, he permitted the Swedijh Embaf- 
 fadors to entreat him to prefer the peace 
 of Europe before the particular intcreft 
 of their Nation. Not that they were 
 ignorant what was for their intereft ; 
 but becaufe they knew that the Dutch 
 breaking off from the Confederacy, and 
 the Englifh being deferted by them, the 
 French King could afterwards impofe 
 what conditions he pleas'd upon the reft 
 of the Confederates. And this they 
 found to be true, when he commanded 
 that all the places that were taken by 
 the 'Dane, and the Elector of Branden- 
 burgh, fhould be rcftor'd to the Swede* 
 Thus at length, on the 11 th day late at 
 
 nighr, 
 
106 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 night, a fecond feparate peace was fign'd 
 between the French and the T)iitch. 
 The Confederates were ftrangely fur- 
 priz'd, and the whole fcene was turn'd 
 into indignation. All rcmonftratcd vehe^ 
 mently, cfpccially the English Mediators, 
 who not only rcfufed to fign, but or- 
 der'd their names to be flruck out of 
 the inftrument, for that they were lent 
 by their King to the Congrefs, to pro- 
 cure a general peace for Europe, not a 
 particular one for the Thatch. And foon 
 after, on the 25 th of the fame month,- 
 Laurence Hyde j the Embaflador Extraor- 
 dinary, and Plenipotentiary, was fent 
 to the Hague, to complain to the States 
 General, That whereas they had now 
 twice implor'd affiftance from his King, 
 when they had engaged their faith, that 
 they would not accept of any peace, 
 but what he fhould think was juft i 
 when the King had declar'd that he 
 would ratify no peace, imlefs the fame 
 v/as alfo made with the Spaniards they 
 had privily, and by Health, at midnight, 
 broken their faith to him and all their 
 
 Confe- 
 
Of his own Time. 207 
 
 Confederates 5 nor had they infifted up- 
 on any fccurity for the reftoring the 
 places to the Spaniard? and they had fa- 
 vour'd the French King with new terms, 
 by giving him Beaumont. That by thefe 
 things the conditions of the league laft 
 made with England were bafely broken, 
 by which both of them were oblig'd to 
 declare and carry on a war againft the 
 French. And if they refus'd, he would 
 immediately proclaim it himfelf; and 
 fo he tranfported forces to Handers> 
 with all poflible expedition. To all 
 this, the 'Dutch replied, That they gave 
 the King thanks for his great kindneffes 
 to them, that they would take upon 
 them the peace between the French and 
 Spaniard, and would infill upon what 
 terms he mould like. And if the French 
 King mould refufe them, it would be 
 afterwards in their power to keep up 
 the alliance with Great Britain, againft 
 him ; and they would on the very day 
 appointed for peace, proclaim war a- 
 gainft him. 
 
 Thus 
 
io8 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 Thus this whole affair, that was con- 
 certed and confirmed by fo many fo j 
 lemn leagues and obligations, was turn d 
 into mockery : Since, the 'Dutch having 
 made their peace, the Spaniard, who at 
 that time was not in a condition to 
 purfue the war, could refufe no terms j 
 nor indeed, as the cafe flood, did he fo 
 properly treat for himfelf, as receive 
 thofe conditions which the 'Dutch im- 
 pos'd upon him. So that it was not fo 
 much a treaty of peace, as a total fur- 
 render. 
 
 Thus the league was made (fuch as 
 it was) by means of the Dutch (for the 
 Englifo Mediators had renoune'd that 
 office) on the 17 th of September. 
 
 And fo, at laft, a feparation of the 
 Allies being begun, the Confederates 
 fell off, one after another, for the de- 
 fence of their country, and accepted of 
 the bed terms that they could get. 
 
 But it happened very unfortunately, 
 
 that on the very day that the articles of 
 
 peace between the French and Dutch 
 
 were fign'd and exchang'd, the fharpeft 
 
 1 battle 
 
Op his own Time. iop 
 
 battle of all was fought by them, not 
 knowing that the peace w T as confirm'd. 
 The Duke of Luxemburgh had a long 
 time clofely befieg'd the city of Mons 
 in Hainault. And the befieg'd fending 
 a meffage to the Prince of Orange, told 
 him, that they were fo ftraitned, that 
 unlefs he could come to their aid im- 
 mediately, they muft furrender upon 
 very bad terms. The Prince making 
 no delay, was there in a moment 5 and 
 when he had pitch'd his camp in a 
 place convenient, and ftrong by nature, 
 he with fudden force attack'd the ene- 
 my, being fecure and thoughtlefs of a 
 battle. The fi^ht be^an a little after 
 noon, and was not ended till night $ 
 and never was battle fiercer, every one 
 cither killed his man that encountred, 
 or loft his own life under his hands 5 
 and all thofe that fell, died upon the 
 fpot. Above twelve thoufand were 
 kill'd, without either flight, or djfad- 
 vantage of the battle on either fide. 
 
 But the far greateft (laughter was in 
 
 that wing of the army in which the 
 
 P Britons 
 
no Bp. Parker's History 
 
 Britons flood : For the Earl of OJfory, 
 the eldcft foil of the Moft Illuftrious 
 Duke of Ormond, moft like his father 
 in military greatnefs, as well as in other 
 things, commanded a body of fix thou- 
 iand Englijh and Scotch, divided into 
 fix regiments. He chofe that poft to 
 fight in where indeed there was moft 
 danger from the enemy, by reafon of 
 the difficulty of the attack : And he 
 atrack'd them with ftich warmth, that 
 altho* they refifted with equal refolution, 
 yet he did at length, ftep by ftep, force 
 them from their ground, tho' fortified 
 by its natural fituation. He moved at 
 the head of his men, as an example to 
 them, he firft attack'd the enemy, and 
 was one of the firft in mounting their 
 works: If his men were in the leaft 
 diforder, he fpurred up to them, and 
 rallied them again, and brought them 
 on, by his own example. And as he 
 fought againft the choiceft troops of 
 the French army, againft the very guards 
 of the King's body, againft the King's 
 and the Dauphin's own troops, and 
 
 even 
 
Op his own Time. hi 
 
 even againft the mod famous troop of 
 all, the royal Marines, it could not be 
 but they engaged with great {laughter 
 on both fides. Moft of the ibldiers 
 were kill'd, few officers efcap'd $ of our 
 fide thirty were kill'd, and an equal 
 number wounded. But how many of 
 the enemy, they would never own, 
 though they confefs'd that there was a 
 very great {laughter. This brave com- 
 mander cntred every battle with fuch 
 firmnefs of mind, as if he would ne- 
 ver come off alive, if he were not 
 Conqueror. Nor was he more ambi- 
 tious of victory than danger : Where- 
 foever there was moft occafion for cou- 
 rage, he challeng'd that as his poll:. In 
 every a&ion he would have always the 
 firft and greateft {hare; and moreover, 
 no Ids a celebrated Admiral than Ge- 
 neral. In the firft war againft the 
 'Dutch, he fought as a voluntier in e- 
 very battle, and behav'd himfelf fo gal- 
 lantly, that the King foon gave orders 
 that he fhould be a flag officer. In eve- 
 ry engagement, he was always the greateft 
 P 2 terror 
 
212 13p. Parker's History 
 
 terror to the enemy. For when he 
 made an attack, immediately rufhing in- 
 to their main body> he broke their ranks, 
 and fought lb dole, that he confound- 
 ed them at the very firft onfet, and put 
 them to flight. Whatever (hip he fought 
 with (and if it was in his power, he 
 chofe to attack an Admiral) he either 
 took or funk. He was always the firft 
 that return d into harbour with his fhip 
 fhattcr'd, and himfclf a Conqueror ; 
 with w r hich greatnefs of foul he made 
 himfelf mafter of his friends, as well as 
 his enemies ; he was the idol of all the 
 forces he commanded ; the fea-men 
 ador'd him, as if he had been a god of 
 their clement ; for his gencrofity was 
 as great as his courage : He diftributed 
 among them great fums of his own 
 money : If any one had diftinguiuYd 
 himfclf by a gallant a&ion, he reward- 
 ed him according to his merit out of 
 his own purilv He was alfo popular 
 for his hofpitality, keeping a fplendid 
 table at his own expence, which was 
 open to every one. He was dearer to 
 
 man- 
 
Of his own Time. 213 
 
 mankind for his humanity, than even 
 Titus himfclf. He convers'd with his 
 foldiers with an eafy behaviour, as if 
 they had been his companions. He was 
 familiar, mild, and courteous to every 
 one ; a true friend to merit, not touch'd 
 with any tinclure of pride, which is 
 fometimes a failing in Nobility. Being 
 adorn-d with thefe virtues, never was 
 any General dearer to his foldiers, ne- 
 ver did foldiers behave fo well under 
 any Commander as under him. For fo it 
 is, that the flate of war depends in a 
 great meafure upon the example of the 
 General; when he dares to attempt a- 
 ny thing, they are afharrid to be afraid 
 of it. Yet this great man, that efcap'd 
 fo many dangers, was fuddenly taken 
 from us in the flower of his age., by a 
 malignant fever, to the great grief of 
 his country, but to its much greater 
 lofs. 
 
 Thus this almoft ten years war was 
 clofed with this bloody battle ; and the 
 peace was feal'd with the blood of fo 
 many thoufands 5 as if Mars had been 
 
 P 3 con 
 
2i4 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 confcious that his empire was almoft at 
 an end, and refolv'd to make himfelf 
 fecurc of the {laughter of this day be- 
 fore the peace was finifh'd. At the 
 fame time broke out two confpiracies $ 
 one of Count Tekeli in Hungary ', and 
 another of Oates in England. But per- 
 haps of thefe hereafter. In the mean 
 while, let us return to the reft of the 
 wars in Europe^ that were occaiion'd 
 merely by the breach of the triple al- 
 liance. 
 
 For tho' the Southern parts of Eu- 
 rope miferably fuffer'd, yet much greater 
 was the ftorm of war that fell upon the 
 North 5 where the firft trial of skill was 
 between the Swede and the Eleclor of 
 Brandenburgh, for the Province of To- 
 meraniah in which, in the firft battle 
 there was a great vi&ory obtain'd over 
 the Swedes, their canon being taken, 
 and more than four thoufand of their 
 men killed, (in the beginning of July* 
 1675) whereas there was not half that 
 number of the enemy kill'd. The con- 
 queror purfuing his enemy for five days 
 
 togc- 
 
Of his own Time. 2.15 
 
 together, drove him a 1 moil out of the 
 borders of 'Pornerania. This was the 
 firft turn of fortune. For the Swede y 
 the triple alliance being fo bafcly bro- 
 ken, at which he was highly incenfed, 
 enter'd into an alliance with the French 
 King As therefore the one carried on 
 the war in the South, fo the other did 
 in the North : But with different fuc- 
 cefs, for Tomerania being loft to the 
 Elcclor of Brandenburgh, and Schonen 
 to the "Dane, the Swedes would have 
 defpair'd even of their kingdom, had 
 not the French given a check to the 
 conquerors. The 'Dane and Bran- 
 denburgh join'd forces, both eminent 
 Commanders, who headed their own 
 troops, warriors equally skillful and 
 brave. Thefe broke in fo far upon the 
 country of the Swedes, from oppoftte 
 quarters, that before the end of the 
 war, they almoft join'd hands in the 
 very bowels of the nation. Branden- 
 burgh took by furrender Wolgaft, a 
 ftrong town of hither Tomerania, un- 
 der the Swedtfb jurifdiclion, within ten 
 P 4 days 
 
i\6 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 days (Nov. 10.) at the fame time the 
 "Dane bcfieg'd Wifmar^ a very ftrong 
 city of the Duchy of Mecklenburgh. 
 And when by the common preparation 
 for a fiege, he was advanced fo near to 
 the city, that he could attack it with 
 all his forces together, he with invin- 
 cible courage attempted and effected his 
 deftgn ; for in the depth of winter, 
 the trenches full of water, in the 
 midft of continual froft and fnow, in a 
 moonlefs night, the King leading on his 
 men, attack'd the fortifications with 
 fucli fiercenefs, that the befieg'd being 
 beaten off within two hours, and the 
 greateft of the forts taken, the befieg'd 
 Fent to defire conditions of furrenderj 
 which being granted, the King took 
 pofieflion of the town the next day. 
 1676. At the end of the following year, a 
 fliarp and bloody battle was fought neai 
 Lunden, a city of Schonen 5 for it is the 
 cuftom of thofe Northern countries to 
 take the field even in the winter fea- 
 fon, when the rivers, and the very 
 arms of the fea being frozen over, can 
 
 Afford 
 
Of his own Time. 217 
 
 afford a convenient paffage for their 
 armies. The 'Dane had clofely befieg d, 
 for fome months, Malmoe, a city of 
 Schonen, formerly belonging to the Da- 
 nijh dominions, but taken by Charles 
 GujlavuSy King of Sweden, in the year 
 1658. To raife this fiege, the Swede 
 comes at length, with an army of 
 twenty thoufand men. Early in the 
 morning, he reach'd the enemy's camp, 
 and fell upon their left wing. They 
 fought briskly for fome time, but at 
 laft the Danes gave way 5 their horfe 
 were put to flight, the greateft part of 
 their foot kiird, and their cannon ta- 
 ken. In the mean while, the right 
 wing of the Danifh army, which the 
 King, with his brother Prince George, 
 commanded, attacking the left wing of 
 the enemy, they fought with the utmoft 
 refolution. The battle was doubtful 
 for fome hours, but at length the Swedes 
 not fuftaining the fhock, were put to 
 flight. Not only the enemy's cannon 
 were taken, but alfo their own were 
 iecover'd> and the Danes remain d maf- 
 
 ters 
 
zi8 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 tcrs of the field > and their other wing 
 had an opportunity of rallying. This 
 renew'd the a&ion with double obfti- 
 nacy ; nor did it end till night. Thus 
 they retired with equal {laughter on 
 both fides, the Swedes having rccover'd 
 t-heir cannon before fun-fet. The King 
 of "Denmark , throughout the battle, 
 performed the part not only of an ac- 
 tive commander, but even of a common 
 foidier : He advanc d eleven times with 
 his own body againft the enemy 5 and 
 his brother Prince George rufhing into 
 the midft of the enemy with too much 
 heat, and being inclos'd by them, with 
 difficulty brought himfelf off to his 
 own men. If there was any advantage 
 in this bloody battle, it feem'd to be 
 on the fide of the Swedes ', bccaufe they 
 rais'd the fiege 5 otherwife, above ten 
 thoufand men were {lain, without any 
 advantage. And the fame fummcr they 
 tried again the chance of war. In the 
 July 23. month of July, the left wing of the 
 Ttanifb army being routed again, the 
 King himfelf commanding the right* 
 
 gave 
 
Op his own Time. up 
 
 gave a new turn to the battle. Thus 
 
 things paft at land 5 but at fea, fortune 
 
 more favour'd the "Danes ; for a little 
 
 before, about the beginning of the 
 
 fame month, their fleets engaged; the 
 
 Swedish confiding of fix and thirty fhips, 
 
 the "Danijh of twenty four. They (trove 
 
 a long time for the advantage of the 
 
 wind, which the enemy taking, when 
 
 the "Dane could not obtain it, he broke 
 
 thro' the midft of the enemy's fleet, of 
 
 which Juell was Admiral, a man both 
 
 experience in fea-affairs, and eminent 
 
 for his courage. Nor did he only break 
 
 thro' the enemy's lines, but he got the 
 
 wind of them : And tho' he was very 
 
 unequal to them in number, yet he be- 
 
 hav'd himfclf with that courage and 
 
 conduct:, that one and twenty of the 
 
 enemy's fhips being deftroy'd, and the 
 
 reft put to flight, he return d Conqueror 
 
 into port, laden with naval fpoils. A- 
 
 bout the fame time, the city Stetin y the 
 
 capital of Tomerania, being befieg'd by 
 
 the Elector of Brandenburgh-, exceeded 
 
 the fury of Crequi's battle, and almoft 
 
 3 that 
 
120 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 that of Sagunturn, in their defence. 
 The enemy fate down before the town 
 in July y and it being ftrongly fortified 
 attack'd it with uncommon ficrccnefs, 
 but was rcpuls'd with much greater by 
 the "befieg'd. Saliies were daily made, 
 the works continually difturb'd, fires 
 laid to the fortifications, and the trenches 
 fill 'd up. They attempted every thing 
 which men could do, having bound 
 thcmfelves by an oath, that they would 
 fooner die, than fubmit to any condi- 
 tions of furrendry. Many works were 
 caft up within, that the outer-works 
 being taken, the city might be defend- 
 ed by others within, and even-- the ruins 
 of the houfes piled up as hierras towers, 
 and every houfe was turn d into a iort 
 of citadel. Thus the enemy -found they 
 were befieging feveral cities* in one. 
 The enemy on their part rais'd oppofite 
 works round about. On thefe batteries 
 above feventy mortars were placed ; 
 frorfl whence they flung bombs into 
 the city night and day. Thefe fet the 
 city on fire in feveral places, (o, that it 
 
 was 
 
Of his own Time. hi 
 
 was foon reduc'd to afhes, and burled 
 in its own ruins. In the mean time, 
 there appeared greater refolution in the 
 towns-men than in the foldiers. If any 
 one fpoke of a furrender, they imme- 
 diately ftabb'd him. They oblig'd the 
 Governour himfelf to fwear, that he 
 would not offer or receive any condi- 
 tions 5 and they themfelves in their 
 turns, kept guard. It is reported, that 
 when a towns-man, keeping guard up- 
 on the walls, was told by his fervant 
 that his wife and children were kili'd by 
 a bomb, he commanded him to take 
 care that they fhould be decently bu- 
 ried, for he could not leave his poft, 
 but could with more eafe part with his 
 own life for the prefervation of his coun- 
 try, than receive the news of their 
 death. At length the Ele&or of Bran? 
 denburgh, when he found that no re- 
 lief was fent to the befteg d, and was 
 told by defertcrs, that the city was bu- 
 ried in its own ruins, being mov'd with 
 pity, voluntarily fent them honourable 
 conditions of furrendry, threatning to 
 3 proceed 
 
in Bi\ Parker's History 
 
 proceed to extremity, if they refus'd 
 fhem. They gave the Ele&or thanks 
 for his great condefcenfion, and befought 
 him to make no mention of a furren- 
 dry, becaufe they were bound by oath 
 not to yield to any 5 and if they were 
 reducd to extremity, they fhould not 
 defpair of the mercy of fo generous a 
 Conqueror. So when the gates were 
 demolifh'd, they fill'd up the breach. 
 When their walls had been often blown 
 up by their mines for fixty foot toge- 
 ther, the enemy attacked them in the 
 breach, the citizens fought them from 
 their works, breaft to breaft, before 
 their walls, and made fuch a ftrange 
 anduncxpe&ed refiftance, that they drove 
 the enemy back over the ruins of the 
 town, and purfued them, affrighted and 
 trembling, even to their camp. They 
 ftill went on filling up feveral times 
 the breaches with high parapets. The 
 enemy quite wearied out with fo many 
 battles aud afTaults, procured afliftance 
 from the 'Dane. When thefe were ar- 
 rived, the Elector of Brandenburgh 
 
 prepar'd 
 
Of his own Time. 215 
 
 prepar'd every thing for a general ftorm ; 
 yet he forbore, out of compafllon $9. 
 fuch brave men 5 fo he attack'd them 
 again with threats, that they fhould fuf- 
 fer extremities, unlefs they furrender'd, 
 for that he had offer'd them the moft 
 honourable conditions. They a long 
 time flood unmoveable, till finding 
 themfelves quite deftitute of powder, 
 they fent out deputies to treat of a 
 furrendry. His Eleftoral Highnefs, a 
 Prince of a great and generous fpirit, 
 granted more than they defir'd 5 he not 
 only granted them the privileges which 
 they enjoy'd under the Swede, to whom 
 they fell by the right of war, but moft 
 indulgently renew'd their antient ones, 
 which they poflefs'd under their own 
 Princes, the Dukes of c Pomerania. He 
 gave them the liberty of fifhing for ten 
 ^ears, without laying any tax upon 
 them. Neither did he require any thing 
 of the conquered, but that the inhabitants 
 fhould build their Parifh-Churchcs 5 and 
 he promis'd to build their Cathedral at 
 his own expence. A victory truly wor- 
 thy 
 
2*4 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 thy of fo great a Commander, not only 
 to gain a conqueft over their bodies, 
 but over their minds. He embrac'd the 
 bravery and magnanimity of the men> 
 and wifh'd he might never want inch 
 fubje&s, not doubting but that they 
 Would pay him invincible fidelity. In 
 the beginning of the fiege there were 
 three thoufand foldiers, befides a vaft 
 multitude of citizens : But the foldiers 
 that marched out after the furrender, 
 were not above two hundred ; there were 
 two thoufand three hundred killed, the 
 reft were kept from marching by their 
 wounds; and how many towns-men pe- 
 riflied, fince they made the moft refiftance, 
 we muft compute from the number of 
 the foldiers. Above half the enemy's 
 army fell; they themfelvcs confeffed 
 that they had loft twelve thoufand, the 
 greateft {laughter perhaps upon record, 
 but fuch as might be expeftcd between 
 enemies, who cngagd on both fides 
 with a refolution either to conquer, or 
 die glorioufly. 
 
 Th< 
 
Of his own Time. 225 
 
 The next year the fortune of the Jan. if t 
 war was various and changeable : Early ! ^* 
 in the fpring, Count Coningfmark, Ge- 
 neral of the Swedifh army, made a hid- 
 den defcent upon the Iflc of Rngen, a 
 part of the Danifh dominions : Which 
 being attempted in the night, he landed 
 two thoufand horic, and three thoufand 
 foot, without any moleftation from the 
 enemy, who did not expect them 5 and 
 having pitch' d his camp, he challcng'd 
 the 'Danes to a battle, when they could 
 hardly believe that there was an enemy 
 in the ifland. When the battle was be- 
 gun, at the firft motion of the troops, 
 Rumer the Danijh General was fhot 
 with a bullet, and fell, in the fight of 
 both armies. Upon this the Danes fell 
 into diforder and confirmation, and the 
 Swedes were exceedingly animated. It 
 indeed prov'd very fatal to the Danijh 
 intcrcft, that the army being compos'd 
 of feverai nations, the Generals quar- 
 rcll'd amongft themfelves for the chief 
 command 5 which being obferv'd by the 
 Swedes, they with a vigorous attack 
 Q^ beat 
 
nc Br. Parker's History 
 
 beat them out of their ranks, and hav- 
 ing put them into the utmoft confufion, 
 prefVd them fo furioufly that they put 
 them to flight > their artillery and bag- 
 gage were taken. There were feven 
 thoufand Danes, but being fhut up in 
 an ifland, they were all cither taken or 
 kill'd, excepting a few officers, who 
 taking boats committed themfelvcs to 
 the waves. The Swedes were fo cm- 
 boldned by this unexpected favour of 
 fortune, that they foon fate down with 
 all their forces before Chriftianftad, a 
 ftrong town in the Province of Bleking, 
 and belonging to the "Danes, which at 
 length they took by furrender, after a 
 long (lege, and all preparations for a 
 ftorm. 
 
 But this was the end of the Swedifo 
 good fortune, almoft as foon as it be- 
 gan : For in the following month, the 
 Dane and Brandenburgher made a fudden 
 defcent upon the Ifle of Rugen, in fc- 
 veral places. The Swedes were affright- 
 ed by the great number of the enemy, 
 and flying to the iea-coaft, palVd over 
 
 in 
 
Of his own Time. 227 
 
 in boats and pinnaces to Straelftmd in 
 Tomerania 5 great part of them were 
 drown'd, above a thoufand men, and 
 three thoufand horfes were taken 5 the 
 Elector of Brandenburgh follow'd them 
 to StraelfurJ, and fate down before the 
 town ; and the next month after he took 
 it by furrender, altho' Coningfmark ex- 
 erted himfelf to the laft, with all the 
 bravery of Creqiii. Thence marching 
 to Gripfwald, he beficg'd and took it. 
 And thus he made himfelf mafter of all 
 Tomerania, for this was the laft place 
 he reduced. 
 
 The year following, making an in- 1679* 
 curfion into Triiffia, he routed the Swedes 
 in three battles, and the whole army 
 of the enemy being almoft deftroy'd, he 
 drove them out of the borders of the 
 Province with great (laughter of the de- 
 feated. The Swedifh affairs being now 
 almoft defperate, the Aloft Chriftian 
 King immediately put himfelf forward, 
 declaring that he would have no regard 
 to the league lately made among the 
 Princes of Europe, unlefs the King of 
 
 Q^ 2 Sweden 
 
n8 Bp. Parkers History 
 
 Sweden was admitted into the fame 
 terms of peace. He therefore demands 
 that the Elector of Brandenburgh mould 
 reftore to the Swede the cities which he 
 had taken in 'Pomerania, as himfelf had 
 reftor'd to the Spaniard the cities that 
 he had taken in Flanders. His Electo- 
 ral Highnefs oppofes it, and the French 
 King infifts upon it, and threatens to 
 invade his dominions, except it be pre- 
 fently done. In the mean time, till a 
 proper opportunity could be obtaind 
 for a treaty of peace, there was a truce 
 agreed upon for fix months, by his own 
 mediatorfhip. The Eledtor deferring his 
 compliance, and the time of the truce 
 being at an end, the French King made 
 an incurfion into the dominions of 
 Brandenburgh. Which done, his Elec- 
 toral Highnefs being before defertcd by 
 his Allies, and knowing himfelf alone 
 to be no match for his enemy, readily 
 accepted of the terms of peace that 
 were offer'd, excepting only that he 
 ftrove to keep, as a reward of his la- 
 bours, the city of Stetin, which had 
 
 coft 
 
Of his own Time. 1x9 
 
 co ft. him Co dear. The French King 
 abated nothing ; but all things muft be 
 reftor'd, not a hands breadth of land 
 excepted. Thus this great Prince, nc- 
 ceflity compelling, after fuch dreadful 
 fatigues of war, had nothing but his la- 
 bour for his pains. 
 
 And now the 'Dane remain'd alone 
 in the war ; and altho' at the fame time 
 he, by his minifters, treated of peace 
 with the Swedes, yet the conference 
 was without fuccefs. For the French 
 King commanded his army to march 
 out of Weflphalia, to lay wafte the coun- 
 ty of Oldenberghy which was a part of 
 the T)anijh dominions, unlefs they pre- 
 fcntly clofed the war. By which means 
 he did not fo properly treat of peace, 
 as command it. Thus the c Danifh King, 
 a man of a great foul, being oblig'd by 
 the fame irrefiftiblc law as the Eleftor 
 of Brandenburgh had been, fign'd the 
 peace with the fame anger and indigna- 
 tion as he would have furrendred to 
 the enemy. But thefe two brave Prin- 
 ces, who were become Lords of the 
 (^ 3 North, 
 
ajo Bp. Parker's History 
 
 North by their own valour, did after- 
 terwards inveigh more fharply againft 
 their Allies, than againft the enemy, 
 publifliing Memorials, in which they 
 charg'd them with treachery, and breach 
 of faith. 
 
 And thus the Confederates came to 
 an agreement, not only without the 
 confent of their Allies, but even againft 
 their inceflant defires and proteftations. 
 For the Elector of Brandenburgh, by 
 his Embaffadors that were fent to the 
 Diet of Ratisborij protefted againft the 
 peace that was made without his con- 
 fent, by all the tics of Religion, laws 
 of Nations, of War, of Alliances, and 
 of the Empire : For it was not lawful 
 by the oath of alliance ; and it was ftill 
 in the power of the Diet to repeal the 
 agreement 5 and he would bring an ar- 
 my of eight and twenty thoufand men 
 into Germany,, in defence of the Im- 
 perial jurifdiction 5 and it was bafe to ac- 
 cept of fuch mean and hard conditions 
 from an enemy, now broken and al- 
 moft vanquifiYd. The Diet a long time 
 
 deferr'd 
 
Of his own Time. 251 
 
 deferr'd their aflent; but at length, e- 
 ven they alfo fubmittcd to the arbitrary 
 power of ncceflity. The fame Prince, 
 particularly enraged againft the States, 
 wrote to them to this cffecT: : That he 
 beheld the calamitous ftate of affairs, in 
 that part of his dominions which lies 
 in the circle of IVeJtphalia, he did not 
 fo much blame his enemy, as conceive 
 the utmoft detcftation of the treachery 
 of his Allies, on whole account all this 
 had befallen him ; who, when they 
 knew that he was fo much diftrciTed, 
 not only fent him no fuccours, but 
 made a peace, entirely abandoning their 
 Ally to the mercy of his enemy, And 
 thus the whole weight of the war fell 
 upon him, who had been no ways con- 
 cern d in it, if he had not pitied their 
 wretched condition, and come to their 
 relief, when they were periming. That 
 he wondred at their ill conduct, in that 
 they beheld his ruin, without being 
 concerned, or rather being pleas'd with 
 the fight$ altho' he had with great la- 
 bours, dangers and expences, faved them 
 Q^4 from. 
 
z^z Bp. Parker's History 
 
 from prcfcnt deftruftion 5 as if this was 
 a worthy rccompcncc fuitable to the 
 labour and kindnefs that he had fo ill 
 beftow'd. That it would make him 
 even fick to complain of the feveral 
 loilcs that he had fuftain'd, becaufe he 
 would not let them be ruin'd, particu- 
 larly while in the very fight of their 
 forces. With what defolation were the 
 Dukedom of Cleve, the Earldom of 
 Marck, and the Cities of Ravenfperg 
 and Minden laid wafte, while he was en- 
 gaged in diftant wars in the North. 
 That he had often complain d of thefe 
 things by his EmbafTadors, and by let- 
 ters, that if he could not have afliftancc 
 from them, he might at lcaft have them 
 his friends, to comfort him in his mi- 
 fery. That they, on the other hand, as 
 if they were grown more infolent, ei- 
 ther thro' their own treachery, or thro' 
 the mifery of their Ally, and even their 
 Deliverer, had refus'd him the honour 
 of an anfwer. But if mercenary men 
 did not know what gratitude was, yet 
 at lcaft they were known to be nice 
 
 conv 
 
Of his own Time. 235 
 
 computers upon the bufincfs of gain 
 and advantage. They fhould therefore 
 confider with themfelves, whether it 
 were reafonable, that he fhould bear all 
 the expences of the war, in which he 
 had involv'd himfclf, purely that they 
 might not be utterly undone. And did 
 they not think it fufficient for hL to 
 be ftript of his territories thro* their per- 
 fidioufnefs, but he muft live for the fu- 
 ture in mean and abjett circumftanccs, 
 under the difficulties of an exhaufted 
 treafury ? That becaufe they might not 
 be unapprized that he was not able to 
 bear fuch bafc indignities, his high re- 
 fentment had extorted from him thefe 
 letters, even againft his will ; and that 
 it would be impofliblc for him ever to 
 forget their articles : That he fhould 
 challenge at their hands the rights and 
 facred obligations of that alliance which 
 they had impioufly violated ; and unlels 
 they would fubmiflively and honourably 
 make him fatisfaftion, he would rcferve 
 to himfclf and his pofterity the revenge 
 of fo great villany. In the mean time, 
 
 that; 
 
234 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 that he befought Almighty God frill to 
 prefcrve them from the miferies of 
 war, and hoftile incurfions, left they 
 ftiould learn, too late, what imprudence 
 it is to betray thofe faithful Allies that 
 had laved them. 
 
 What anfwer did the States return, 
 but Inch a wretched and empty one as 
 this, That they with a grateful mind 
 recollected the great favours they had 
 receiv'd from him ; that they were as 
 much affected with his prefent cafe, as 
 if it were their own; but begg'd him 
 to excufe them for making peace upon 
 thofe terms which they had agreed to 3 
 that they had done it only in compli- 
 ance with neceffity 5 that the burthen 
 of the war was too heavy 3 that their 
 people could not pay the expence of 
 it 5 and laftly, that if they had not come 
 into a peace, other countries would 
 have broke in upon their trade : There- 
 fore they moft humbly begg'd his par- 
 don, and promis'd to perform all offi- 
 ces of fidelity and friendfhip to him for 
 the time to come. To thefe excufes 
 
 it 
 
Of his own Time. 135 
 
 it was anfwcr'd : Is this 'Dutch fidelity, 
 to trample upon all Laws, divine and 
 human, only under pretence of nccef- 
 fity ? At this tate, what is the force of - 
 oaths ? To what purpofe are the facred 
 tics of Alliances? Why is the divine Ven- 
 geance invok'd ; if all thefe things ccafe 
 to oblige upon any turn of affairs what- 
 focver? Why is the bond of religion 
 join'd to that of human faith, but that 
 no evafion may be left for falfity, up- 
 on any pretence in the world. If when- 
 focver ncccflity is pretended, all the ob- 
 ligation of an oath is null and void, 
 truly oaths are of no more value than 
 as the engagements of lovers are too 
 commonly made to be. But what, at 
 laft, fhoud this mighty neceffity be, that 
 it muft over-rule every thing that is fa- 
 cred? Why, truly, they were opprefs'd 
 with the llraits and difficulties of war ! 
 As if war was any thing elfe, but the 
 burthen and trouble of dangers, labours 
 and taxes. Did not all their Allies la- 
 bour under the fame neccility, only be- 
 eaufe they intcrpofed in their caufe? 
 3 And 
 
2$6 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 And if they had not firft refolv'd with 
 themfelvcs to undergo the utmoft, they 
 had no reafon to enter into the war : 
 But if any of the Allies thought fit to 
 difpenfe with himfelf under this plea, 
 why then it fell the harder on the reft ; 
 for that the more the number of the 
 Allies is lefTend, the more is every one's 
 burthen increafed. And thus, when all 
 the reft withdrew themfelves, all the 
 danger of the war, which yet he could 
 neither fuftain nor avoid, fell upon this 
 one Prince, and the King of 'Denmark, 
 only becaufe they had kept their fide- 
 lity to the laft. And they thus excus'd 
 themfelves to him, becaufe they had dc- 
 liver'd themfelves from the dangers of 
 war, at the expence of his deftruftion. 
 But indeed the meafure of their extreme 
 neceffity, is the point of gain : War and 
 merchandize are not friends to one an- 
 other, and therefore when they had in- 
 volv'd the whole world in war and con- 
 fufion, it concern'd not them on whom 
 the ruin lighted, whether friend or foe, 
 provided they could make their market, 
 
 4 Such 
 
Of his own Time, 237 
 
 Such an unprincipled thing is a Demo- 
 cracy ! that there is nothing they will flick 
 at, without any regard to fhamc, or mo- 
 defty, or religion 5 for when the crime 
 runs in common, all are in fault, and 
 yet every one innocent. Every one de- 
 clares himfelf unwilling that the thing 
 fhould be done, but ftill the greater part 
 is too hard for the better. How could 
 it other wife be, that when their coun- 
 try being almoft loft, all Europe had en- 
 gaged in war on their behalf, obliging 
 themfelves by alliance never to recede 
 from it, till things were put upon a 
 right bottom ; all had folemnly engaged 
 that no one would make peace with- 
 out the common confent of all i yet 
 the 'Dutch, as foon as they found them- 
 felves fafe enough, by the hardfhips 
 which other people had underwent for 
 them, fhould firft of all defert thofc Al- 
 lies that had done fo much for them. 
 
 But fuch was the confequence of 
 their treachery, that the fame neccfllty 
 which was falfely pretended by them, 
 did in truth fall upon the reft : For 
 
 their 
 
23 8 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 their affiftancc being withdrawn, the 
 Spaniard was altogether unequal to the 
 war in Flanders ; nor could the Empe- 
 ror, by reafon of that divcrfion which 
 the war in Hungary gave him, carry on 
 both wars without their affiftance. 
 Since therefore thefc were fore'd to a- 
 gree with the enemy, all the branches 
 of the alliance were broken ; and they 
 that flood out were fo obnoxious and 
 expos'd to the enemy, that they muft 
 neceffarily take whatever conditions he 
 impos'd upon them. And he command- 
 ed them to rcftorc no lefs to the van- 
 quifh'd, than all the rewards of the 
 conquefts which they had obtain'd. 
 Thefe twoMoft Illuftrious Generals, con- 
 ftraiiVd by the irrefiftiblc law of nccef- 
 fity, quitted the war with minds invin- 
 cible, but wounded with indignation. 
 
 This was their common treachery to 
 all the Confederates, but their particular 
 ill ufage of the Spaniard, was yet more 
 fcandalous : For whereas by the articles 
 of the alliance, the town of Maeftricht 
 
 is to be deliver'd to the Spaniards •, 
 
 the 
 
Of his own Time. 23? 
 
 the "Dutch, by /hiking up a "peace firft, 
 receiv'd this town from the French for 
 themfelves. The Spaniard requires that 
 it fhould be delivered to him according 
 to agreement. They ftop'd their ears to 
 all thefe complaints 5 but at length, as 
 if they had been lafh'd and beaten into 
 an anfwer, after an obftinate filence of 
 ten months, replied, That there were 
 great turns due to them from the Spa- 
 niard, for the late expedition to Mejfina. 
 And moreover, there was a large fum 
 of money that was not yet paid to the 
 Prince of Orange, which had been pro- 
 mis'd to his anceftors by the Spaniard, 
 at the peace of Mimfter. To this the 
 King of Spain anfwer'd, That it was not 
 agreeable to the faith and dignity of 
 alliances, that their obligation fhould be 
 cancelled by matters fo foreign and re- 
 mote: That if fuch collufions were to 
 pafs, there was an end of ail treaties ; 
 for there is no State or Kingdom, but 
 what either now has, or formerly had, 
 fome demands upon their neighbours, 
 which arc not fully anfwer'd. But that 
 
 he 
 
zao Bp. Parker's History 
 
 he was fo far from being guilty of not 
 paying the money demanded, that he 
 tod voluntarily paid to the Prince of 
 Orarge a yearly penfion of fifty thou- 
 fand crowns, and had given him an 
 hundred thoufand at every return of the 
 plate-fleet, and would, if he pleas'd, 
 ftipulate to give it him ftill. If there 
 were any arrears due for the expedition, 
 if they would deliver in their accounts, 
 he would pay them. And laftly, he ad- 
 monifhes them not to vacate the moil: 
 facred laws of alliances, with fuch tri- 
 fling excufes. There was fome fort of 
 anfwer made to this, but never pub- 
 lifh'd : But whatever it was, the Spanijh 
 Embaffador, before he went away, did 
 with great indignation of mind proteft 
 againft the iniquity of this affair. 
 
 And whereas it is the cuflom of Na- 
 tions, to mak t a h; tdfome prefent to 
 Embaffadors, at ihcir taking leave 5 he, 
 with the utmofl contempt and portion, 
 devoted them and their complei ent 
 together, to the juft wrath and venge- 
 ance of the Deity. 
 
 But 
 
Of his own Time. 241 
 
 But it is mod of all to be lamented, 
 and was the fouled blot upon the Con- 
 federates, that the Duke of Lorrain y 
 who came into the alliance amongft 
 the firft, was excluded and deprived of 
 the benefit of the peace : For this great 
 man difdain'd even to Men to any 
 terms of peace, unlefs the dominions 
 of his family were reftored. For where- 
 as by the treaty between the Emperor 
 and the French King, they agreed that 
 the Dukedom mould be rcftor'd to him, 
 provided that the city of Nancy, the 
 metropolis of Lorrain, and the feat of 
 the Duke remained a part of the French 
 dominions ; and that open roads, even 
 to the breadth of half a league, mould 
 be made from France to Nancy, and 
 from Nancy to Germany 5 and thefe to 
 be under the command of the French 
 King alone : By fubmitting to which 
 conditions, the Duke muft in effect ad- 
 mit an enemy into the very bowels of 
 his country, into a place firongly for- 
 tified, and would leave his whole coun- 
 try expos'd to the incurfions of the 
 11 French, 
 
14 1 Br. Parker's History 
 
 French, for if an army fhould pafs that 
 way, it was not in his power, by the 
 articles of peace, to hinder it. The 
 Duke of Lorrain hereupon cxpoflulated 
 with all the indignation of a hcroe 5 
 What! do they think that I will give 
 up any thing of the royal dignity of my 
 anccftors? I had rather never fee my 
 country more. And by his Embaffadors 
 he declared, that he would rather be de- 
 prived of all his dominions, than deli- 
 ver that maim'd and leflend to his po- 
 fterity, which he had received entire 
 from his anceflors : That that Kingdom 
 was precarious, and altogether tributa- 
 ry, which depended upon another's plca- 
 furc: That fuch unjuft conditions were 
 never impos'd upon, or recciv'd by* 
 any but perfons in defperation. There- 
 fore he frequently proteftcd againft the 
 peace, to the Emperor, the Congrefs at 
 Nimeguen, and the Imperial Diet. And 
 when the articles of peace were lign'd 
 and exchang'd, his Minifter being prc- 
 fent in the Congrefs, publickly dclivcr'd 
 a Memorial of proteft againft it. 
 
 Thus 
 
Of his own Time. 243 
 
 Thus this great man, with equal mo- 
 deration and greatneisof foul, prcferr'd 
 an honourable exile before a fervile do- 
 minion. But to iuch a warrior;, every 
 part of the earth is not only his coun- 
 try, but his kingdom. A brave man's 
 fword is his fceptre, his helmet his dia- 
 dem, and his bread his Pretorian guard. 
 For what Monarch liv'd with greater 
 glory and honour ? Whofc power made 
 a greater fumre ? Who more diftin^uifh'd 
 himfelf by noble aclions, than Lorrain? 
 The fafcty of the Chriftian world itfelf 
 fo depended upon him, that though the 
 whole Empire of Europe was not his 
 lot, he feem'd at lead to have deferv'd 
 it : The Providence of God fo ordering, 
 that all Europe mould be fav'd, and per- 
 haps delivered from perpetual flavery, by 
 the misfortune of this one Prince; for 
 he fo broke the Ottoman power, that 
 it will hereafter be no terror to Europe. 
 Thus he became a greater Prince by the 
 lofs of his dominions, as it argues a 
 nobler fpirit to fave many Kingdoms, 
 than to govern one. 
 
 R 2 Laftly, 
 
144 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 Laftly, by his Angular moderation, 
 prudence and bravery, he might chal- 
 lenge to himfclf the greatcft titles of 
 the Kings of Europe, even thole of the 
 Mod Catholick, Mod Chriftian, Moil 
 invincible Defender of the Faith. 
 
 The End of the fecond Booh 
 
 Bp. 
 
( MJ ) 
 
 Bp. PARKERs 
 
 HI STO R Y 
 
 O F 
 
 His Own Time. 
 
 BOOK III. 
 
 1 H E Prince of Orange alone, of 
 all the Confederates, made ad- 
 vantage from thcfe wars : For 
 he who had been depriv'd by the Love- 
 fiein faftion, not only of the fupreme 
 power which was in his anceftors, but 
 even of all adminiftration of the Com- 
 jnonwealth, did hereby obtain the fame 
 R 3 dignity, 
 
24^ Bp. Parkers History 
 
 dignity, and indeed much greater, than 
 his fore-fathers had enjoyed before him. 
 William the Second, the father of 
 this Prince, died an untimely death, in 
 1650, being but four and twenty years 
 of age, not without iiifpicion of poi- 
 fon. For when the republican faction 
 in the Province of Holland, began to 
 fet afide his authority, he furpriz'd the 
 city of Amflerdam, at the end of July, 
 and call the principal Confpirators into 
 a prifon call'd Loveftein, (whence, af- 
 terwards, the faction took its name) and 
 loon after, at the beginning of October, 
 died of the fmall-pox. Whether he 
 died by poifon, or a natural death, I 
 mall not prefume to determine, fincc 
 for the moft part poifon is too rafhly 
 affigned upon the death of Princes. 
 The Confpirators being rcftor'd to liber- 
 ty by his death, fince they had no one 
 to oppofe their defigns, haftned to bring 
 their counfels to an iffuc. Now the 
 Prince died when his wife was big with 
 child, whom altho* fhe was dcliver'd of 
 a ion, yet they were refolvcd by any 
 4 means 
 
Of his own Time. 247 
 
 means to accomplish whatever they dc- 
 fign'd before he fhould grow up, and 
 much more before he came to matu- 
 rity. The firft ftcp that was taken while 
 the child was in fwadling clothes, was 
 entrins into an alliance with Crom- 
 well, chiefly upon this condition, That 
 the Prince of Orange fhould not be rc- 
 ftor'd to the dignity of his Anccftors ; 
 and immediately, by a decree of the 
 States, the title of Highnefs was taken 
 from him. Then the military enfigns 
 and trophies which were taken by his 
 predeccfibrs from the enemy in battle, 
 and hung up in publick places in their 
 cities, were every where rcmov'd, that 
 no monument might remain of the rc- 
 nown of the houle of Orange. But 
 the King of Great Britain pa fling thro 3 
 Holland to his paternal dominions, in 
 1660, earneflly interceded with the 
 States for his nephew, that he might 
 enjoy the fame titles and honours which 
 his anceftors had born. They feemingly 
 granted it, and promis'd that they would 
 confer them upon him as foon as he 
 11 4. fhould 
 
2.48 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 fhould attain to the fifteenth year of his 
 as;c. The mother of the Prince 2;oiii2: 
 with her brothers into her native coun- 
 try, committed the care and education 
 of her fon to John de Wits y that (he 
 might by this means oblige the princi- 
 pal man of the faction, in the glory 
 and honour of fo great a truft. In 
 the year 1666, there was a war between 
 the "Dutch and the Bifhop of Miinfter ; 
 whereupon there arofe a difpute con- 
 cerning the appointment of a General. 
 The other Provinces (efpecially Zealand, 
 which always fhew'd inviolable fidelity 
 and fleadinefs to the houfe of Orange) 
 chofe the Prince, being now fixtecn years 
 old, tho' not into the command, yet in- 
 to the honour and title of General. 
 The Province of Holland alone oppos'd 
 it 5 which being more powerful than all 
 the reft, would have the command of 
 the army given to Turenne, a very emi- 
 nent General indeed, but a foreigner. 
 Aug. The following year being far advane'd, 
 
 when the Prince was near the age of 
 eighteen, they published an EdicT:, which 
 
 they 
 
Of his own Time. ms> 
 
 they call'd perpetual, to abrogate and 
 annul the offices of the family of O- 
 range. Thefc were three : 
 
 The fuprcmc government in the com- 
 monwealth, and the chief commands 
 in war, both by lea and land, during 
 life. 
 
 Thefc they determined mould be con- 
 ferred only at the plcafure of the States, 
 and given to no one for life ; neither 
 fhould they be all inverted in one, but 
 each of them divided between fcveral 
 perfons. 
 
 The Decree was enforced by an oath; 
 neither was any one admitted into the 
 publick adminiftration, before he had 
 oblig'd himfclf by oath to be obedient 
 to it. By which one law, they took 
 away all the authority of the houfc of 
 Orange for ever. The people being cn- 
 rag'd at fo great an indignity, oblig'd them 
 to allow the Prince a feat in their general 
 Affcmblies j however, they bound him al- 
 fo by the fame oath. Zealayid relent- Septcmb. 
 ing this infolencc, which the Hollanders l668, 
 bad offered to fo great a man, volunta- 
 rily 
 
z$o Bp. Parker's History 
 
 rily gave him the highcft feat of ho- 
 nour and precedency amongft the Nobi- 
 lity of that Province ; which dignity 
 being conferr'd upon him, he obtain'd 
 the chief power, both in that Province, 
 and in the general Affcmbly of the States. 
 It happen'd afterwards, in 1672, that 
 the Moil Chriftian King marching into 
 the borders of the United Provinces, had 
 fuddenly, and even beyond his expecta- 
 tion, penetrated into the very bowels 
 of their country : For he took in a few 
 days thofe cities which the Ttutch with 
 difficulty had taken from the Spaniard 
 by fieges of feveral years. He was a- 
 ftonifli'd at his own conqucfts, hardly 
 belicv'd what he had done, neither did 
 he feem to be come to engage with an 
 enemy, but to take quiet poflcflion of 
 the land. Nor indeed was it much to 
 be wondred at ; for the raifing of forces 
 was delayed by the Confpirators (who 
 at that time had the adminiftration of 
 affairs) left the chief command of the 
 army mould fall to the Prince of Orange. 
 Then they fo long trifled with the French 
 
 Kins 
 
Of his own Time.' 2,51 
 
 King about a peace, that he, at length, 
 deipifing all conditions, fuddcnly made 
 an irruption into their country with a 
 vail army, before they could poflibly be 
 prcpar'd for war. Their fortifications 
 were broken and decay'd in a long 
 peace ; their magazines were very ill 
 ftored ; their foldiers undifciplind and 
 unexperiene'd, and unaccuftom'd to all 
 military cxercifc ; nor was the number of 
 men fufficicnt for the pofts which they 
 were appointed to maintain. 
 
 It now happen'd moft unfortunately 
 to the 'Dutch, that they were at the fame 
 time carrying on a war with England 
 at lea, and had fent their beft forces a- 
 board their fleet, being much more am- 
 bitious of dominion at fea, than at land. 
 But the greatefl: piece of ill conduit was 
 that there was no General to command 
 their army ; therefore every thing was 
 done confufedly, without order, and 
 without counfel. The other Provinces, 
 which were very much alarm'd at thefc 
 proceedings, defir'd the Prince of Orange 
 for their General. Holland alone op- 
 posed 
 
2ji Bp. Parker's History 
 
 pos'd it a long time 5 but at length be- 
 ing over-power'd by numbers, admitted 
 him into the honour of that command, 
 under four tutors, chofen out of them- 
 felves, in whom all the authority and 
 conduft of carrying on the war was to 
 be lodg'd. The Prince accepted the 
 command, fuch as it was, and prefently 
 went to the army : And a mufter being 
 taken, there were not above feventeen 
 thoufand foldiers : At which time the 
 city JVefel was clofely befieg'd by the 
 French. The Governour defir'd a re- 
 inforcement from the new General ; 
 whereupon he referr'd the matter to his 
 tutors. They were unexperienced in mi- 
 litary affairs ; nor did they prefumc to 
 do any thing rafhly of themfclvcs ; there- 
 fore they fent to confult with the States. 
 In the mean while the city was taken. 
 
 Thus when in three months fpace the 
 French King had taken all the fortrefles 
 upon the borders, and was ready to in- 
 vade their inland and lefs fortified places, 
 the Hollanders commanded the army to 
 countermarch, to the defence of their 
 
 own 
 
Of his own Time. 
 
 own Province ; as if they defpair'd of 
 the reft, or were not follicitous what 
 became of them. In thefe calamities 
 of their country, tumults were rais'd as 
 ufual : There was a great concourfc of 
 people feigning ftrange and groundlefs 
 apprehenfions, women frantick in their 
 wailings, the married women running 
 out into the ftrects in the utmoft defpair, 
 and lifting their hands up to Heaven j 
 and in fhort, a general clamour and in- 
 dignation asainft the Ma<nftrates, who 
 had manag'd affairs with fo much re- 
 miffnefs and inactivity. Amongft thefe, 
 the T)e JVits furTer'd chiefly, who had 
 long ufurp'd the whole adminiftration 
 of affairs 5 efpecially John, the elded, 
 who had exercifed a di&atorial power, 
 and principally propofed to himfclf 
 thefe four things : Firft, that Eng- 
 land mould be fo driven from the 
 feas, that hereafter fhe mould not give 
 laws to the 'Dutch, but receive laws 
 from them. Secondly, that the family 
 of Orange mould be diverted of all 
 power. Thirdly, that the Province of 
 4 Holland 
 
 55 
 
154 Bp." Parker's History 
 
 Holland fhould rule over the other U- 
 nited Provinces. And laftly, that he 
 fhould difpofe of every thing in Holland 
 at his pleafurc. And hence he was 
 call'd, ironically, the King of Holland, 
 And whereas he had firft rcfolv'd that 
 England fhould be deftroy'd, the wars 
 at fea againft the EngliJJo in 1665, and 
 1666, were chiefly carried on by his 
 advice : It was alfo by his contrivance 
 and management, that the robbery at 
 Chatham, in the following year, was 
 committed. Nor would he treat of 
 peace with the Englifh, till the French 
 King having conquer'd the Provinces of 
 Flanders, began to threaten the 'Dutch. 
 But the ftorm being blown over, he 
 thought of nothing but deftroyingZ?#£- 
 land. Therefore he fecretly folicited 
 the Moll Chriftian King, by his Embaf- 
 fador, whofe name was Mombas, that 
 they might with joint forces invade 
 England, by an unexpected expedition. 
 With which bafe, difhonourable and 
 perfidious propofal, the Moil Chriftian 
 King was fo provok'd, that he difcover'd 
 
 the 
 
Of his own Time; 255 
 
 the whole affair to the King of Eng- 
 land. This was the beginning of the 
 alliance between the two Kings, when 
 in 1672, one attack'd the "Dutch by fea, 
 the other by land. By which war the 
 reign of the T>e IVitfes was brought to 
 an end. For the people being daily in- 
 cenfed by the frequent victories of the 
 French King, caft all the blame upon 
 thofc brothers. Firft of all, four young 
 men, rafhly brave, confpir'd to affaffi- 
 nate John "De JVits s and on the zi ft of 
 June, at eleven of the clock at night, 
 they let upon him, in his return from 
 council, and gave him fo many wounds, 
 that, as if they had done their work, 
 every one began to fhift for himfelf. 
 Three of them cfcap'd 5 the fourth, 
 whofe name was James de Graef y be- 
 ing taken, and beheaded, bore his pu- 
 nifhment with great bravery and mag- 
 nanimity. However T)e JVits y tho' much 
 wounded, was not kill'd, but recover'd, 
 not without great difficulty. About the 
 fame time there was another confpira- 
 cy form'd againft his brother Cornelius. 
 
 William 
 
zjd Bp. Parker's History 
 
 William Ticklaer, a chirurgcon, a man 
 foirnerly the raoft feditious of the fac- 
 tion, either of his own accord, or be- 
 ing hired, made a difcovery to the 
 Prince of Orange's prime minifter, that 
 Cornelius had hired him, by the promife 
 of great rewards, to kill the Prince. 
 The man was not only of no reputa- 
 tion, but a bafe, clamorous Fellow. 
 Neverthelefs, fuch is the madnefs of 
 popular tumults, and their readincfs to 
 fear every thing, that being inform'd a- 
 gainft only by this witnefs, he was hur- 
 ried into prifon at the Hague, and be- 
 ing indifted for this crime, he was fen- 
 tenc'd to be banifli'd. Notwithftanding, 
 the people were enraged at the mild- 
 nefs of his punifhment, and would not 
 be fatisfy'd unlefs it were capital > 
 wherefore, that he might not efcape a- 
 live, they befet the prifon. John, by 
 chance, had vifited his brother, that he 
 might attend him beyond the fields of 
 the town, towards the place of his ba. 
 nifhment. The tumult continued for 
 fomc hours 5 at length the prifon doors 
 
 were 
 
Of his own Time. 257 
 
 were broken open, the inhabitants of 
 the town went up into the chamber, 
 and dragged them headlong down flairs, 
 kicking them as they fell 5 and having 
 brought them into the ftrcet, gave them 
 a thoufand wounds. Nor was the mean- 
 fpirited revenge of the populace fatisficd 
 with their death, for they thought it 
 not fuiRcient, unlefs they cxpofed them 
 to contempt and ridicule. They hung 
 their naked carcafes upon a gibbet, and 
 then tore their limbs in pieces, which 
 were fold for no fmall price $ then tak- 
 ing out their bowels, they ftretched them 
 out with flicks acrofs their backs, in- 
 fertcd on each fide as butchers ufe to 
 drefs their cattle, and kept them open in 
 this entended pofture. There were fomc 
 that devour'd pieces of their flefh roaft- 
 ed in the fire 5 and it is reported that 
 a certain citizen fhatch'd one of their 
 hearts, and feafoning it with fait, made 
 an entertainment of it for his friends. 
 Thus they made a favage feaft of thefe 
 brothers, whom they had worfhip'd as 
 gods for fomc years ; not thro' revenge 
 S (for 
 
258 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 (for that is a generous vice, and feems 
 to carry fomewhat great in it) but for 
 the fake of diverfion and mockery. 
 
 But as the populace is naturally fond 
 of change, whether it be right or wrong, 
 fo it often happens that even tumults 
 bring about a change for the better. 
 Thus when their paffion, or rather the 
 wantonnefs of their barbarity, was fa- 
 ti'sfy'd upon thefe traitors, thefe enragd 
 zealots at length fhew'd their regard to 
 the Prince of Orange, thrcatning not to 
 be quiet till he was advane'd to the 
 power and authority of his anceftors. 
 The firft effort was made in the city of 
 T>ort, which city, as it had been the 
 moil inveterate againft the family of 
 Orange y fo it firft exerted it fclf in his 
 behalf, and required that the Prince 
 mould be the chief Governour, alfo that 
 the perpetual Edift mould be cancelled. 
 
 Harlem follow'd next, then Ttelft, 
 afterwards Leiden, then Amflerdam and 
 Rotterdam, the grcatcft cities in the 
 Province. The States themiclvcs were 
 at laft compelled by thefe to repeal the 
 
 perpetual 
 
Of his own Time. 259 
 
 perpetual Edict, and to make another 
 for reftoring the Prince to his ancient 
 dignity; alfo rcpofmg in him a power 
 of removing what magiftrates he pleas'd 
 from their office. Thus at length the 
 tumults were with difficulty compos'd 
 in the feveral cities, and the fupreme 
 power was given to the Prince of Orange, 
 not only for life, as before, but for his 
 poftcrity, by hereditary right. Thus the 
 Prince, at the end of this war, was the 
 greateft Conqueror, except the French 
 King. May he long enjoy the Govern- 
 ment which he won by fo many bat- 
 tles and dangers! 
 
 Befides thefe {laughters and devaluati- 
 ons of war in the European Nations, 
 which arofe from the breach of the tri- 
 ple alliance, there were alfo other 
 very grievous calamities which hap- 
 pen'd, and chiefly thefe three : The in- 
 curfion of the Turks and Tartars into 
 ^Poland y the rebellion of MeJJina againft 
 the Spaniard -•> and the rebellion of Hun- 
 gary againft the Emperor; each of them 
 to the great hazard of the Chriftian world. 
 
 S 2 lirft 
 
z6o Bp. Parker's History 
 
 Firft of all, when the Barbarians found 
 almoft all the Chriftian Kings involv'd 
 in wars with each other, they thought 
 it no improper time to invade ^Poland, 
 which, as it had flood for many ages as 
 a barrier againft their attempts, fo it 
 being once conquer'd, there would be 
 an eafy paflage open'd into the Europe- 
 an world. At this time every thing 
 there lay in a defenfelefs condition : The 
 King was weak, and unequal to the af- 
 fairs of government ; the Nobility di- 
 vided into fa&ions 5 the Treafury emp- 
 ty j and laftly, no profpeft of afliftance 
 from other nations 5 yet every thing 
 was fupplied by the condud, fortune, 
 bravery and courage of the great Sobieski> 
 General of the Army. It had happened 
 (if I may be allowed to go a little back 
 to relate the aftions of fo great a man) 
 that in 1667, the Tartars, with the Cof 
 facksy entring the borders of the King- 
 dom with a prodigious army, laid every 
 thing wafte, utterly depopulating the 
 country, and burning the cities and vil- 
 lages, according to the cuftom of thofc 
 
 barbarous 
 
O f his own Tim e. i6t 
 
 barbarous nations : Sobieski met them 
 with a handful of men ; but was im- 
 mediately furrounded by the multitude 
 of the enemies, cut off from provifi- 
 ons, and befieg'd at once both by the 
 enemy, and by famine. There were no 
 hopes in flight, almoft none in a battle, 
 hardly any in valour itfelf ; yet this man, 
 of an invincible courage and bravery, 
 advancing in his ufual manner at the 
 head of his troops, broke in upon the 
 enemy with fuch force, that their ranks 
 being immediately diforder'd, he routed 
 them with very great lofs; by which 
 he ftruck fuch terror upon the van- 
 quinYd, that they prefently fued for 
 peace with him upon terms very honour- 
 able to ^Poland. In 1672, the reft of 
 Europe being inflanVd with wars, the 
 Turks on a fudden enter'd the borders 
 of 'Poland, and in twelve days took by 
 furrender the city Caminieck, the metro- 
 polis and capital city of upper Todoliay 
 that had been often attempted by them 
 before, but never taken. At this time 
 the great General Sobieski was engaged 
 S3 in 
 
2£i Bp. Parkers History 
 
 in an expedition againft the Tartar s, (a 
 people regardlefs of their treaties,) whom 
 he repuls'd with great (laughter, there 
 being twelve thoufand of the enemy 
 kill'd upon the field of battle. In the 
 mean time, before he return'd, Mi- 
 chael King of Poland, made a peace 
 with the Turk and the Tartar, upon the 
 bafeft and moft ignominious terms : For 
 he made himfelf tributary to both, pay-r 
 ing them a yearly acknowledgment, and 
 deliverd up a great part of Ukram, and 
 all 'Podolia, to the enemy. When this 
 was told to Sobieski, he was highly pro- 
 voked at it, and with all poflible dis- 
 patch brought his army near to the 
 court of this timorous Prince, and de- 
 fir 'd in the Diet, that the bafe and dis- 
 honourable peace might be cancell'd, 
 faying that it was not to be fuffcr'd, 
 that the majefty of that invincible King- 
 dom fhould be tributary to any one, 
 and cfpccially to the enemies of the 
 Chriftian vorld. And that, if the States 
 of the kingdom would but furnifh him 
 with an army of fixty thoufand men, 
 
 he 
 
Of his own Time. 161 
 
 • 
 
 he would drive both the Barbarians out 
 of all the Toliflf territories. In the 
 mean while, he march'd with a fmall 
 army to the borders, and when he was 
 inform'd that the enemy's army, con- 
 futing of forty thoufand men, had en- 
 camped on the other fide of the river 
 BoryfiheneSy and that another larger ar- 
 my would prefently come out of AJia> 
 he pafs'd the river with all expedition, 
 and fell upon the enemy in their camp. 
 The fight was a long time very hot and 
 doubtful, by reafon of the inequality 
 of forces, but at length, the enemy was 
 routed, and almoft entirely cut off, for 
 they that were not kill'd by the fword, 
 perihYd in the river. Nor of forty 
 thoufand men, did above five thoufand 
 furvive the fury of this battle. By which 
 one vi&ory, he conquer'd both armies : 
 For the other, which was on their 
 march from Afia> hearing of this fignal 
 defeat, rctir'd in great confternation. 
 In. the very moment of the victory, 
 news was brought of the death of Mi- 
 chael King of ^Poland, as a reward of 
 
 S 4 his 
 
16^ Bp. Parker's History 
 
 his bravery, anpi an omen of his fupe- 
 rior fortune, when by this one piece 
 of fervice to his country he had deferv'd 
 a crown. So in the month of May, 
 in the following year, and in the fifty 
 firft of his a2:c, he was eleclcd Kins; in 
 the Diet of the Kingdom $ as foon as 
 this was over, not waiting for the fo- 
 lemnity of a coronation, he prepared 
 to return towards the enemy. But the 
 Nobles and Senators, tho' they had pro- 
 mis'd an army of fixty thoufand men, 
 were ib divided into factions, that they 
 brousht nothing to an ifluc. He march- 
 cd with an army of fix teen thoufand 
 men towards the borders, to meet the 
 enemy. But that winter no enemy ap- 
 pearing, he recover'd mod of the ci- 
 ties of Ukrain and Todolia, that were 
 yielded to the Barbarians by the iaft 
 peace. 
 
 In the beginning of the following 
 year, the enemy invaded the borders 
 with an army of two hundred thoufand 
 men; and firft attack'd Slucek with fixty 
 thoufand, but being rcpuls'd with great 
 3 {laughter, 
 
Of his own Time. ^5 
 
 {laughter, march'd away towards Lem- 
 burgh-> into which city the King had 
 brought his Queen and his children, to 
 keep up the courage and fpirit of the 
 people. The King pitch'd his camp in 
 a convenient poft, a mile from the town? 
 and laid an ambufh in the woods and 
 the thickets, omitting nothing that be- 
 longed to the condud of a prudent and 
 skilful Commander. He had not above 
 four thoufand men in the field. With 
 thefe he waits for the advances of the 
 enemy ; who coming up, he exhorts the 
 foldiers either to conquer with him or 
 die; and prefently the fignal being 
 given, and invoking the name of Jefus 
 three times, he led them on. The 
 Barbarians being aftonifh'd, partly at the 
 fury and warmth of their fighting, and 
 partly with the furprize of thofe that 
 fallicd out of the woods from their am- 
 bufh, that altho' at the firft onfet they 
 fought bravely, yet they were fo bro- 
 ken, not only in the front, but on each 
 flank, that many thoufands being (lain, 
 they were entirely routed, flying in great 
 
 diforders 
 
z66 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 difordcr ; nor did they make a ftand, 
 till they were rctir'd into their camp. 
 Some days after, forces came out of 
 the Dukedom of Lithuania to Lem- 
 burgh. The King follows the enemy 
 with the longeft marches that could be 
 taken, with an army of fifteen thoufand 
 men, having left the reft to garrifon 
 the cities. In the mean time, the ene- 
 my had befieg'd the city Buckzaes : But 
 news being brought of the King's ap- 
 proaching, they fuddenly rais'd the fiege, 
 and retired to Trembowi, and fat down 
 before it. The King, by letters, pro- 
 mis'd the Governour, that he would 
 fpcedily come to his relief. The mef- 
 fenger being taken, the letters were in- 
 tercepted 5 upon reading of which, 
 fo great a terror ran through the camp, 
 that immediately departing in great dif- 
 order, by a march like a flight, the Tar- 
 tars guarding them on one fide, they 
 rctir'd towards Caminieck. In their firft 
 flight they went fifteen leagues ; nor 
 did they think thcmfelves fafc, till they 
 had encamped within the fortifications 
 
 of 
 
Of his own Time. 267 
 
 of Caminieck, and within cannon-fhot. 
 Nor did the King leave his purfuit 5 but 
 with great marches haftened towards 
 Caminieck. When the Turks heard this, 
 they left a very ftrong garrifon in the 
 town, and marched their affrighted ar- 
 my over the Boryfthenes. The King of 
 ^Poland following their rear, kill'd a 
 great number of them. But the Turks 
 fled, by an unwearied march, night and 
 day; nor did they halt, till they had 
 paiVd the ^Danube. The King took a 
 bridge over the Boryfthenes, which was 
 built by the enemy, and five hundred 
 carriages laden with money, all forts of 
 furniture, and corn; which he gave as 
 plunder to his foldiers. This campaign 
 being fo happily ended, the King brought 
 back his army into winter-quarters; 
 tho' indeed this may not feem to be fo 
 properly a war, as a chafe. It was in- 
 deed a thing fcarce ever heard of, that 
 a fmall body of four thoufand men, 
 mould put to flight an army of fixty 
 thoufand ; and that fixteen thoufand 
 mould drive a hundred and fifty thou- 
 fand 
 
i62 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 fand before them, like a flock of fear- 
 ful fheep, fhould force them alfo to raife 
 two great fieges, and put them to a pre- 
 cipitate flight, only by the terror of 
 their arms. I do not remember that 
 fuch an enterprize was ever perform'd 
 by thofe antient Generals whom Greece 
 reverene'd, and Rome admir'd. 
 1676. In the beginning of the following 
 fpring, the folemnity of the Coronation 
 was perform'd. In the midft of the 
 fummer, the Turks and Tartars enter'd 
 the borders with vaft numbers. The 
 King met them with a fmall army, dc- 
 fpifing the enemy whom he had fo of- 
 ten beaten ; and as foon as he came up 
 with them, he put a hundred and fifty 
 thoufand men to flight, with prodigious 
 {laughter. ThcTurks now broken with 
 fo many defeats, fent Minifters to treat 
 of peace. The King granted it upon 
 thefe honourable terms : Firft, that the 
 laft treaty made with King MichaeU 
 fhould be voided and annull'd. Second- 
 ly, that Ukrain and all Todolia, except- 
 ing Cawiniecky fhould be reftor'd to the 
 
 Toles. 
 
Of his own Time. 169 
 
 Poles Thirdly, that the prifoncrs fhould 
 be exchang'd. Fourthly, that the Chris- 
 tian Religion fnould be freely exercis'd 
 in til the places which the Turks ob- 
 tain^ : ^y this treaty. Fifthly, that the 
 Turks ' i -»uld give up all their right to 
 the tribute due by virtue of the laft 
 agreement. Sixthly, that there fhould 
 be a defenftve league between them a- 
 gainft the enemies of both. Laftly, 
 that the holy fepulchre mould be rcftor'd 
 into the cuftody of the Chriftians. 
 
 Never did the Pole agree upon better 
 terms with the Turk $ peace being fet- 
 tled at home. Some years after, (1679) 
 as foon as the King of "Poland obferv'd 
 that the wars between the Chriftians 
 were ended, he fent Embafladors to all 
 the Kings in Europe y to folicit them to 
 enter into an alliance againft the com- 
 mon enemy of Chriftianity. He was 
 inflam'd with that innate hatred againft 
 the Infidels, and that ardent zeal for the 
 Chriftian faith, that he was as it were 
 fent into the world on purpofe to refcue 
 Europe from the foul and fhameful ty- 
 ranny 
 
2,70 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 ranny of the Infidels. What was con- 
 fulted or done by his Embafladors, I 
 have not heard. However, nothing 
 came to an iflue, (by whofe ambition 
 and treachery it was chiefly prevented, I 
 mall not fay) till the Turk, by a furious 
 inroad into Hungary, threatning Com- 
 mon danger to mod of them, made 
 that union amongft them, which the 
 T } ok could not. King Sobieski, as if he 
 rejoiced at the opportunity, entred into 
 the war with more than ufual alacrity. 
 But what, and how great things he per- 
 form'd in that war, mail be plainly re- 
 lated in the account of Tekcli's war, 
 in which he had the greateft fhare in the 
 conquefts : Nor did he more fubdue 
 the enemy by his bravery, than by the 
 terror that he (truck into them : For 
 when they were acquainted that he 
 would be Captain-General, they trembled 
 at his name : In whatfoevcr part of the 
 army he engaged, they could not bear 
 his countenance, and the piercing marp- 
 nefs of his eyes. He put them to flight 
 barely by his prefence 5 fo that he la- 
 mented 
 
Op his own Time. 2.71 
 
 merited this alone with the other Ge- 
 nerals, that after fuch long and tedious 
 marches, they obtain'd fo eafy a victory 
 over the enemy. But from that time, 
 the courage of the Infidels funk fo much, 
 that (I hope) henceforward it will prove 
 a matter of no great difficulty to beat 
 them. The Ottoman Empire was ne- 
 ver fo near to deftru&ion before. If 
 the Chriftian war goes on with the 
 fame fuccefs this year (1 636) as it did 
 the laft, we may hope that, the weight 
 of this great Empire being once fhaken, 
 the Turkijb impiety will be driven out 
 of Europe, and fink under its own. 
 ruins. 
 
 Thefe tranfattions in ^Poland proceed- 
 ed from the breach of the triple alli- 
 ance. In Sicily, from the fame caufe, 
 arofe a rebellion which fwept away 
 prodigious numbers, with dreadful 
 (laughters : For the Spaniard being en- 
 gaged in wars, both in Flanders and 
 Catalonia, which did not fucceed very 
 well, the city of Meffina, of the greateft 
 authority in the idand, fortified with 
 3 four 
 
zjz Bp. Parker's History 
 
 four caftles, and fourteen forts, fituated 
 upon the fea-coafts, a great mart, with 
 a capacious haven, wealthy in fhips and 
 commerce, either from domeftick fac- 
 tions, or being folicited from abroad, 
 fuddenly revolted from him. The con- 
 fpiracy firft broke out in the month of 
 Auguft, in 1674. It was firft ftrength- 
 ned and fupported by facrilege (as is 
 ufual in every rebellion) the robbing 
 and fpoiling the Churches of their or- 
 naments, and afterwards followed by 
 murders ; for there was a hundred and 
 fixty perfons of noble families kill'd^ 
 merely thro' the hatred and envy which 
 they bore to the Nobility. Then they 
 make all their neighbours tributary, re- 
 quire corn to be brought in from all 
 places within fixteen leagues, and im- 
 port great quantities of warlike ftores, 
 fend Embaffadors to all the courts on 
 every fide, to defire affiftance, and tranf- 
 aft every thing at home and abroad as 
 if they were a free Commonwealth, 
 and entirely at their own difpofal. Pre- 
 fently the French come to their aid, 
 
 making 
 
Of his own TimeJ 27$ 
 
 making a dcfccnt upon the ifland, and 
 joining their forces with the city, take 
 all the ftrongeft caftles. Eut being clofc- 
 ly befieg'd by fea and land by the Spa- 
 niard, they arc almoft deftroy'd by fa- 
 mine, during the whole winter. 
 
 In the following fpring, the French 
 arrived with a fleet, and great provifions 
 of corn. The Spaniard challenges them 
 to fight. The French proving too hard 
 for them in the battle, obtain'd the 
 port, tho' with great lofs on both fides, 
 to the great joy of the inhabitants, be- 
 caufc they brought them not only ftrong 
 fuccours, but aifo plenty of all things, 
 when they were almoft famifh'd. The 
 Queen Mother, who at that time go- 
 vern'd Spain, in great indignation threw 
 the chief officers of the fleet, and the 
 Viceroy of the Kingdom, into prifon. 
 In the month of March the pcftilence 
 raged with great violence in the city, 
 and thence fpread over the ifland, and 
 made fuch havock of the forces on 
 both fides, that there were not enough 
 left to fight a battle : Hence new fleets 
 T come 
 
274 B p - Parker's History 
 
 come from each hand. The Spaniard 
 defires afliftance at land from the Ger- 
 mans, and at fea from thzTlutch. The 
 Merchants, a fort of men that arc too 
 ftudious and greedy of gain, convey'd 
 corn from all parts into the rebellious 
 city, becaufe it was fold there at the 
 deareft price ; which when it was told 
 the King of England, he by Proclama- 
 tion forbid his fubje&s having any com- 
 merce with the Rebels 5 declaring that 
 he would not allow his fubje&s to af- 
 fift foreign Rebels, contrary to the law 
 of Nations, and the facred ties of Al- 
 liances; and that as far as in him lay, 
 he would punifh thofe that gave them 
 afliftance, in the fame manner as if it 
 were againft himfelf. A Declaration 
 worthy of a King! for it is the com- 
 mon caufe of all Kings, that they fhould 
 keep their fubjefts in their duty and o- 
 bedience. The troops on both fides hav- 
 ing received great re-inforcements, the 
 fummer was fpent in frequent battles^ 
 and mutual fieges, for the moft part with 
 doubtful fuccefs, excepting that it a lit- 
 tle 
 
O* Hts own Time. 275 
 
 tic inclin'd towards the French, for they 
 furpriz'd and took the city Augnfta ; the 
 Spanijh fleet being difpers'd by a florin, 
 had all their (hips fhattcr'd, and feven 
 funk. At length, about the end of the 
 year, Renter* by command of the States, 
 comes with a fleet to the aiTifrancc of 
 the Spaniards. In the beginning of the 
 following year, the French arrive, and 
 a battle is begun : They fought fharply 
 on both fides, with equal lofs, except- 
 ing that whereas the inhabitants of Mef- 
 Jina had been diftrcflcd a long time with 
 want of provifions, the French brought 
 {hips laden with corn into the harbour 
 of the beficgd city: Which altho' it 
 was not to be call'd a viclory, yet it 
 was really more advantageous, becaufe 
 by bringing plenty of corn, they freed 
 the city from all the ftraits of a ficge. 
 Renter went away, difguflcd at the Spa- 
 niards, but return'd a few days after, by 
 order of the States, and beiieg'd the cky 
 at fea, while the Spaniards befieg'd it at 
 land. There was an engagement at fea 
 with the French », in the month of April* 
 T 2 in 
 
\j6 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 in the following year, which was fought 
 with great {laughter. Renter receiving 
 many wounds, died of them a little af* 
 ter, at Syracufa. Thus it hapned for- 
 tunately to this brave man, that by his 
 death he fhould compleat all the glories 
 of his former life ; fmce afrer fo many 
 great and brave aftions in behalf of his 
 country, he ended his life in a juft war 
 againft rebels. A great part of the Spa- 
 nifh and 'Dutch fleet was deftroy'd by an 
 unexpected attack of the French ; three 
 Admirai-fhips, feven others, and fix 
 tranfports, were burnt. The 'Dutch re- 
 turning home, the French landed upon 
 the ifland, and took many caftlcs. 
 Thus they fought with various fortune, 
 till 1678, when being fuddenly recall'd 
 by letters from their King, they con- 
 vey'd every thing aboard their fleet, pre- 
 tending they had fome great cntcrprize 
 to attempt with the whole body of 
 their forces. Which being done, they 
 open'd their Kings commands to the 
 citizens : When the Rebels found them- 
 felves defcrted by their defenders, they 
 
 were 
 
Of his own Time. 277 
 
 were put into as great horror and con- 
 fufion, as if the city had been taken 
 and fpoil'd by the enemy ; many of 
 them embark in the French fleet, and 
 thefc are immediately puniuYd with 
 perpetual banimment; others being feiz'd 
 with a panick terror, went naked and 
 poor to Venice y and other iea-ports of 
 Italy: To thefe the Viceroy, a very 
 prudent man, gave leave to return to 
 their goods and poflcflions. Thus after 
 a five years war, in which there was a 
 great deal of blood fpilt thro' the ifland, 
 things flood in the fame pofturc as be- 
 fore. And there was the fame caufe of 
 this fudden change, as of many others : 
 For the French King could not be brought 
 to treat of peace in earncft, till the King 
 of England did at length this year Join 
 with the Confederates in defence of 
 Flanders 5 an army of thirty thoufand 
 men being rais'd, and a fleet of ninety 
 fhips equipped. Thefe were at the 
 King's requeft allowed of by the Par- 
 liament j and they all engaged that they 
 would not be wanting in granting taxes, 
 T 3 fo 
 
278 Bp. Parkers History 
 
 fo long as the war fhould continue. 
 When the French King was acquainted 
 with this, he became more tradable 5 
 for he now faw himfelf overcome by 
 an enemy ; and he, who did not fear 
 all Europe befide, yielded to the valour 
 of the Englifh. Hence, in a fhort time, 
 a peace was made with the TDntch and 
 the Spaniard \ upon any terms : For fince 
 the King of England had entred into a 
 league with them only, the whole oc- 
 cafion of the war was taken off from 
 him. This obftacle being remov'd, the 
 French King (as I have faid) gave what 
 terms he pleas'd to the other Allies. 
 And notwithftanding he had fent a frefh 
 army into Sicily^ about the fame time 
 as the Englijh proclaim'd war againft 
 him, which was juft ready to execute 
 his commands ; yet he in a moment 
 gave up all the advantages of his labour 
 and expence, after fo many fleets and 
 armies fent, fo much warlike ftores pro- 
 vided, and fo many battles fought, for 
 five years together, at fea and land : 
 For when he found that the Englijh 
 
 were 
 
Of his own Time. 275) 
 
 were become his enemies, he thought 
 it not fafe to venture his fleet far from 
 his own ports. It is certain, that at 
 that time the fate of all Europe depend- 
 ed upon the King of England alone : 
 He gave peace or war as he plcas'd : As 
 long as he was willing that the triple 
 alliance fhould continue, there was per- 
 fed peace and tranquillity throughout 
 Europe 5 as foon as he untied that knot, 
 war broke out on every fide; hardly a- 
 ny Nation, except Britain only, was 
 free from it. Thus for full fix years, 
 the French alone being an equal match 
 for all the reft, a war was carried on 
 with infinite {laughters. The King 'of 
 England-, when he found that other- 
 wife there would be no end of war, 
 offer'd himfelf as a Mediator and Arbi- 
 trator of peace. The French King did 
 not refufe, but trifled away three years 
 in making unrcafonablc demands by his 
 Minifters, and did nothing but endea- 
 vour to prevent the treaties having any 
 effeft. The King of England being 
 grown weary of fo much delay, and in- 
 T &- deed 
 
i8o Bi\ Parker's History 
 
 deed of fo much farce and mockery, 
 threatned to proclaim war, unlefs the 
 French King would put an end to it ; 
 and what he threatned he bravely put 
 in execution, tranfporting a great part 
 of his army into Flanders. When the 
 King of France faw this, all delay was 
 immediately cut off, and the peace which 
 had been fo long deferr'd by him, was 
 accepted, upon the hardeft terms 5 for 
 he reftor'd all the places which he had 
 taken in the war. 
 
 The ifland of Great Britain is fo 
 conveniently fituatcd by the favour of 
 nature, that it may not only govern at 
 home, but abroad, if it pleafe : For fince 
 it abounds in frequent and convenient 
 harbours ; from the number and conve- 
 nience of its harbours, traffick and com- 
 merce arife; and from traffick a fleet 
 of fhips, and a multitude of feamen 5 
 and upon thefe depend the chief power 
 at fca : And he that has the dominion 
 at fea, may extend it as far as he will, 
 and make himfelf Arbitrator of peace 
 and war between the neighbouring 
 
 Princes, 
 
Of his own Time. 281 
 
 Princes. And this dominion at fea, is 
 the lingular prerogative of the Kings of 
 England \ which makes them Arbitra- 
 tors and Guardians of the peace of Eti- 
 rope. They have no occafion to extend 
 their Empire into foreign Nations ; for 
 conquefts beyond fca arc not fecurc, but 
 always a burden and charge to the King- 
 dom. But the Lord of the ocean may 
 rule beyond the bounds of his own do- 
 minion, from the riling to the fctting 
 of the fun. And tho' it be not ncce£ 
 fary to fubdue foreign Nations, yet to 
 guard our neighbours from the invafions 
 of others, is truly a great and moft be- 
 neficial part of Empire. Hence I think 
 it more glorious to be able to keep off 
 an enemy from another's Kingdom, than 
 to overcome him our felves. Neither 
 do I think it fo great a merit, to have 
 fubdued ten Kingdoms, as to have dc- 
 liver'd one from opprcflion and bondage. 
 Thus the Kings of England may exert 
 as it were a divine benevolence towards 
 mankind $ for as they have no occafion 
 to hurt any one, fo they have it in their 
 
 power 
 
z3i Bp. Parker's History 
 
 power to aid and relieve the diftrefs'd 5 
 this is a power, which the whole world 
 cannot equal 5 nor is the method of ex- 
 ercifing it lefs admirable > inafmuch as 
 the name of a Deliverer is far more 
 glorious than that of a King. 
 
 The third and greateft danger to the 
 Chriftian world, proceeded from the 
 war in Hungary. The whole feries of 
 affairs is too long to be related 5 it will 
 be fufficient to fhew how it proceeded 
 from the fame fountain, that is, the 
 breach of the triple alliance. The Em- 
 peror of Germany making war upon 
 France with all the forces of the Em- 
 pire, the Hungarians thought it a pro- 
 per time to retrieve their liberties, and 
 therefore broke out into an open war, 
 which they had long defign'd 5 the Turk 
 fecretly foliciting them to revolt. The 
 pretences of the war were Religion and 
 Liberty. The Emperor granted their de- 
 mands, provided they would lay down 
 their arms. But there was fomething 
 clfe which they aim'd at 5 therefore be- 
 ing furnifh'd by the Turks with money 
 4 and 
 
Of his own Time. i8j 
 
 and auxiliaries, they made havock on 
 every fide, with butchery and carnage. 
 They kiird the Clergy like fheep, plun- 
 dered Noblemens houfes, burnt the 
 Churches, and ftuck at nothing which 
 a mad rabble are us'd to do. At length 
 in 1678, they chofc Count Teckeli, a 
 bold and haughty man, for their Gene- 
 ral. He prefently caft himfelf into the 
 prote&ion of the Turk, promifing to 
 obey all his commands, and not to ac- 
 cept of peace from the Germans, with- 
 out his permifllon. The Turk embrae'd 
 him at firft with feeming modefty, fend- 
 ing an Embaffador to the Emperor, de- 
 filing that he would grant his demands : 
 And he eafiiy obtain d what he dcfir'd. 
 Neverthelefs, he went on fecretly to af- 
 fift the Hungarians. The Emperor com- 
 plain'd that this was contrary to the fo- 
 lcmn agreement between the command- 
 ing Officers. They denied it upon oath. 
 In the mean time, the Hungarians be- 
 ing flrengthned with great numbers, 
 come into the field, and befiege feveral 
 cities and caftles, But Count Lejley, 
 
 the 
 
284 Bp. Parker's History 
 the General of the Emperor's forces in 
 Hungary > coming up, they, not daring 
 to truft to a battle, march'd from Pro- 
 vince to Province, and in their hafty 
 march plundered cities and towns. In 
 the mean while they fought for peace 
 by their miniftersj and they reported 
 to them the terms that were offer'd. 
 The Hungarians were divided into two 
 parties : One party, by the advice of 
 Teckeliy were willing to agree to the 
 terms that were offered : The other 
 thought that larger were to be requir'd, 
 Count Wejfalini being their chief ad- 
 vifer. His opinion, by agreement, pre- 
 vails. 
 
 In the beginning of the following 
 fpring, the war was renew'd. Peace be- 
 ing made with France, the forces of 
 the Empire were at leifure for the 
 
 1679, Hungarian war. Two years were 
 
 1 6 80. fpent between battles and treaties. 
 The Emperor was perplexed with the 
 variety of meafures that were to be taken > 
 for the French King again threatned to 
 invade the Empire $ the Tok and Mofco- 
 
 vite 
 
Of his own Time, 2.85 
 
 vite folicited him to enter into an al- 
 liance againfl the Turks 5 and the Turk 
 threatned that if he came into that al- 
 liance, he would make an irruption in- 
 to Hungary with all his forces. The 
 Emperor being thus attack'd on every 
 fide, knew not which way to turn him- 
 felf; and, which was ftill worfc, the 
 Mofcovite made a league with thcTurk. 
 Teckeli's party, while they pretended a 
 defire of peace, refufed all overtures of 
 accommodation. The infeftion fprcad 
 into Germany , the fedition of the Boors 
 increafing. All embaffics wererendred 
 fruitlefs by the Turks > for under the ap- 
 pearance of Embafladors, fpies were fent 
 to Vienna. At length, after various ar- 
 tifices, in the year 1681, the Rebels 
 feem'd fo really and finccrely to treat of 
 peace by their Miniftcrs, that the Em- 
 peror fummon'd a Diet of the Kingdom 
 at Oedenburgh, a city upon the borders 
 of lower Hungary and Auftria. He 
 being prefent in the aflembly, in a La- 
 tin oration exhorted them to peace, pro- 
 mifing to grant them very honourable 
 4 terms. 
 
%%c Bp. Parker's Historv 
 
 terms. Firft, they require a Vice-roy or 
 Palatine of their own countrymen: Im- 
 mediately the Count of Efterhafi is in* 
 vefted in that dignity. Teckeli, with 
 his followers, that the matter might come 
 to nothing, proteft againft the ele&ion, 
 and at the fame time require the mod 
 unjuft terms of the Emperor, chiefly that 
 it might be lawful to pay an yearly tri- 
 bute to the Turk. And it was no won* 
 der, fmce the infamous traytor had pri- 
 vily made a league with the Turk upon 
 that condition : Therefore, without de- 
 lay, they with joint forces break forth 
 into open arms. About the fame time 
 the French King began to move in Ger- 
 many, fuddenly befieging and taking 
 Strasburghy and the ftrong city of Cafal, 
 the head of Montferat. By the one a 
 paffage was opend into Aujiria, by the 
 other into Italy ; by thefe means, the 
 fa&ious in the Convention of the States 
 were fo lifted up, that adding fome o- 
 ther terms of peace, which the Emperor 
 could not grant, they endcavour'd that 
 the Convention fhould break up with- 
 out 
 
Of his own Time. 187 
 
 out doing any thing. Which infolcncc 
 fo provok'd all good men, that they im- 
 mediately covenanted to pay the ftri&cft 
 obedience and fidelity to the Emperor, 
 upon the terms offer'd by him. When 
 Teckeli heard of this, he defir'd a truce, 
 that he alfo might treat of peace. The 
 matter was protra&ed for a long time, 
 till having made a new alliance with the 
 Turk, he impos'd upon the credulity of 
 the Emperor's Minifters. In the mean 
 while the Turk goes on to make great 
 preparations for war. And the Empe- 
 ror enquiring for what end, he anfwer'd, 
 by the facred Majefty of God, that they 
 were not made againft: him. But at 
 length, the Moft Chriftian King himfelf, 
 by his Embaffador to the Emperor, laid 
 open the fecret of the war that was de- 
 fign d againft him ; that therefore he 
 would withdraw all his forces from Ger- 
 many ', and fend him, if there were oc- 
 cafion, aids of thirty thoufand men, up- 
 on certain conditions. In the mean 
 while, Teckeli's party did, during the 
 whole fummer, over-run their country, 
 
 with 
 
i88 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 with fword, flaughter, plunder of cities, 
 and all the defolation and mifery of a 
 civil war. The Emperor was fo movd 
 at thefe miferies of Hungary y that by 
 his Embaffador he almoft fupplicated a 
 peace of the Sultan, but in vain ; the 
 Grand Vizier (who had the chief power) 
 preparing with all expedition for war. 
 The Embaffador, on the other hand, in- 
 fifts upon the obligations of the league 
 made for twenty years. The Vizier 
 made anfwer, that it' mould hold good, 
 upon thefe terms : 
 
 Provided the Emperor would pay to 
 the Turk the expences of the warlike 
 preparations that had been made, and 
 alfo an yearly tribute for the future ; and 
 then that the cities of Comorra and Raab, 
 and the Ifle of Schuts y in the c Danube> 
 mould be furrender'd to him. Thefe 
 propofals being rejected, war was pro- 
 claimed, by hanging out the horfe's tail> 
 as is the cuftom of the Barbarians. 
 Hereupon Teckeli was tried whether he 
 could be inclind to peace upon any 
 terms. He required nothing lefs for 
 
 himfelf, 
 
Of his own Time, iSj? 
 
 himfclf, than the Principality of Hun- 
 gary, and the fame vote as the other 
 German Princes have in the Diet of the 
 Empire 3 and that an annual tribute 
 fliould be paid to the Turk by the Po- 
 pifh Clergy, and laftly, that the Turk 
 Ihould be for the prefent pacified by 
 the Emperor with a great fum of mo- 
 ney. Thefe demands being alio reject- 
 ed, there was an agreement made be- 
 tween Teckeli and the Turk, to this ef- 
 fect : That Teckeli Ihould have the right 
 of the Kingdom of Hungary to himlelf 
 and his pofterity : That if at any time 
 the race of Teckeli ihould fail, the power 
 of electing a King mould be in the Hun- 
 garians, with the confent of the Turk: 
 That a yearly tribute of four hundred 
 thoufand crowns fhpuld be paid : That 
 all the Hungarian liberties ihould be 
 always firm and fecure : That the Turk 
 ihould defend them from all enemies : 
 That Teckeli ihould never make peace 
 With the Emperor, without his confent : 
 That all the J emits fhou'd be banifiYd 1 
 And laftly, That: the Turk ihould ratify 
 U thefc 
 
i5>o Br. Parker's History 
 
 thcfc articles with an oath. Teckeli be- 
 ing made King, prefently fummon'd a 
 Diet of the Kingdom at Cafchazv, where- 
 in he rcquir'd the Nobility to give him 
 affuranccs and pledges of fidelity -, and 
 (fince clemency and mercy are the greateft 
 ornaments of Kings) he promifed by his 
 Embafiador that was tent to Vienna, 
 that he would be a Mediator of peace 
 in behalf of the Emperor. But the Em- 
 peror defpiftng the infolcnce of the 
 maiij mule a more honourable alliance 
 with the neighbouring Kings, efpecially 
 with the King of ^Poland. And now 
 the armies march out of winter-quar- 
 ters into the camp. 
 
 All the Nations throughout Africa, 
 Afia, and Europe, that belong'd to the 
 lurkijh Dominions, were let on foot, 
 together with a vail multitude of bar- 
 barons Tartars. To flop this dreadful 
 inundation of thefe Barbarians, the 
 Duke of Lorrain alone, General of the 
 Imperial army, was tent with a body of 
 troops not confuting of above forty 
 thoufan !. 
 
 But 
 
Of his own Time. i$\ 
 
 But being over-power'd with a vaft 
 multitude, he retir'd to Vienna y with 
 wonderful conduct and courage, he him- 
 felf bringing up the rear. Immediately 
 the Turks laying wafte the fields, and 
 burning the villages on every fide, come 
 to Vienna, and the city is befieg'd ; 
 which though not very well fortified 
 with walls and forts, was yet invinci- 
 ble, Starembergh being its defender. 
 And fince the fiege was the moft me- 
 morable, not only of this age, but al- 
 moft of any that can be remembred, it 
 may be allowable to give you a draught 
 of this grand and moft extraoidinary 
 tranfaftion. 
 
 Never was there greater force exerted, 
 or hatred fhewn \ for on both fides, 
 they had it equally in their view to 
 contend for Religion and Empire. In 
 Vienna alone, the whole Chriftian world 
 was befieg'd 5 nor were the TurkiJIi aims 
 brought againft Auftria only, but all Eu- 
 rope \ in fhort, the Chriitian name was 
 to be utterly extirpated and deftroy'd 
 from off the face of the earth, it the 
 U 2 enemy 
 
z<)z Bp. Parker's History 
 
 enemy had overcome : For thus in the 
 proclamation of war, the Barbarian 
 threatned the God of the Christians $ 
 That he would drive him out of the 
 world by force of arms ; That he would 
 let up the empire and worfhip of his 
 own Mahomet > in every part of the 
 earth, from the rifing to the fetting of 
 the fun ; That the crucified God fhould 
 be fubdued, whom he challenged, if he 
 dared, to aiTIft his worfhippers, and to 
 come out to meet him 5 (fuch is the in- 
 foknee of the Barbarians!) and that all 
 the inhabitants of the earth fhould know 
 by the event of this affair, which re- 
 ligion was deareft to the Moll High 
 God. 
 
 When the befieged faw that the fate 
 of the Chriftian world wholly depend- 
 ed upon their fortitude, and that there 
 could be no end to their extreme mifery 
 but either in death or vi&ory, being as 
 it were bound together by the bond of 
 defpair, they fwore to defend the city 
 (as we fay) to a man. But, next to the 
 goodnefs of their caufc, and the favour 
 
 of 
 
Op his own Time. 25*3 
 
 of God, their greatcfl: dependance was 
 upon the fortune and bravery of Sta- 
 rembergh ; he had engag'd with great 
 dangers, but was never hurt, much lefs 
 was he ever overcome in his whole life. 
 And he had lcarn'd by cuftom to be as 
 regardlefs of danger, as by nature he 
 was ignorant of fear. This was the 
 ftate of the cafe. 
 
 On the 15 th day of July, the enemy 
 meafur'd out their camp about the diC 
 tance of two hundred paces from the 
 fortifications of the city. Here they 
 drew the line of circumvallation, and 
 caft up very high brcaft-works, to de- 
 fend their camp from the annoyance 
 of the cannon. Then they rais'd forts, 
 at juft diftanccs from each other. On 
 thefe, cannons were immediately mount- 
 ed, which being difcharg'd all the next 
 day, with the throwing of bombs, the 
 city fuffcred very great damage, but e- 
 fpccially the Palace and the Cathedral. 
 On the other hand, Starembergh forti- 
 fied the town-ditch with a fcarp and 
 countcrfcarp, by which he might keep 
 
 U 1 the 
 
%5>4 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 the enemy off from the walls ; and in 
 thefc afterwards was the chief defence 
 of the city. 
 
 On the feventeenth day, the enemy 
 drew their forces clofer together, and 
 turn'd all their cannon upon two bafti- 
 ons, and a fort between them; and at 
 the fame time they begun an attack in 
 three bodies 5 the cannon thundring 
 night and day. In the mean while, 
 they brought their works nearer, and 
 mines were dug under the fortifications, 
 altho' they were often difturbed by fre- 
 quent failles from the city. At length, 
 on the twenty third day, they fpring 
 two mines, but with little damage. 
 On the twenty fifth another mine be- 
 ing fprung a great breach was made in 
 the wall. Hereupon they advane'd on 
 both fides to battle 5 a (harp and doubt 
 ful encasement ; but at length the ene- 
 my was defeated with great {laughter, 
 The day after, letters were lent into 
 the city, tied to an arrow, in which 
 they thrca.tned, that unlefs they imme- 
 diately furrendred, the city, which God, 
 1 the 
 
Of his own Time, 19$ 
 
 the avenger of violated alliances, had 
 doom'd to deftruftion, fhould be utterly 
 deftroy'd. There were aflaultS made in- 
 ceflantly, by their mines, by their can- 
 non, and by their attempts upon the 
 out-works of the city s and tho' in eve- 
 ry onfet the enemy was rcpuls'd with 
 lots, yet fince they abounded in num- 
 bers of men, they did not fuffcr fo 
 much damage by the great numbers 
 that were killed, as the befieg'd did by 
 the {laughter of a few. On the 4 th of 
 Auguft, one of the out-works being 
 weakned by a mine, the enemy took 
 it ; but were prcfently difpoflefs'd of it 
 with great lofs and confirmation. Eve- 
 ry day ibmc part of the fortifications 
 was taken by fpringing of the mines, 
 and again recovered by force. Inward 
 ramparts were rais'd by the befieg'd be- 
 tween the walls and the out- works, that 
 tho' the outworks were taken, the ene- 
 my might be kept off by thefe new de- 
 fences. 
 
 At length, on the 3 d of September, 
 
 the Turks, after great effufion of their 
 
 U 4 own 
 
%o6 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 own blood, took the Ravelin, being 
 firft fhaken with their mines ; the day 
 after there was another breach made 
 thirty paces wide ; but a fence of earth 
 being thrown up, they were hindered 
 from entering. By thefc ruins, they 
 carried their mines up to the very walls. 
 On the 6 th of September, there was a 
 breach opened in the wall fix and thirty 
 paces wide : But the befieg'd, when they 
 faw the walls of the city levelled, fet 
 themfelves in their ftead, and drove the 
 enemy, who were obftru&ed by the 
 ruins, back to their camp. In the night 
 a great mole of earth was thrown into 
 the place of the ruin'd fortification. 
 The city being now ftraitned with ex- 
 treme neceflity, on the 7 th of September 
 news was brought that the Chriftian 
 army was at hand. Upon which there 
 was a much fiercer attack made than 
 before. The day after, by fpringing of 
 mines the city was laid open with more 
 breaches; but the more refolutcly the 
 enemy pufh'd on, fo much the more 
 bravely were they repuls'd. In the mean 
 
 whikj. 
 
Of his own Time. 297 
 
 while, the Turks prepar'd for battle, in 
 order to which they took a mufter of 
 their army, and from the beginning of 
 the fiegc they had loft forty eight thou- 
 fand five hundred and forty four. Now 
 the 1 2 th of September, that moft memo- 
 rable day, began to dawn, and at the 
 breaking of the day, the Chriftian army 
 advanc'd towards the camp of their ene- 
 mies 5 the King of 'Poland led up the 
 right wing, Lorrain the left, the Princes 
 of the Empire, Saxony > Bavaria, and 
 Waldecky brought up the main body, 
 every one commanding their own troops. 
 They mov'd flowly towards the enemy, 
 who therefore (as it fecm'd) came on 
 with greater warmth. The army flood 
 unmov'd $ while the enemy mov'd round 
 they advanc'd nearer 3 and as they wheel- 
 ed about, they pufhed them before them 
 towards the camp : The Chriftians, bare- 
 ly by moving, urg'd them on. The ene- 
 my fought and gave way. At length, 
 the Turks being affrighted at the fteadi- 
 nefs and conftancy of the Chriftians, 
 $nd the wonderful order of the whole 
 4 army, 
 
z$8 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 army, retire haftily towards their camp ; 
 where they fought more briskly for 
 fome hours : But at length the Turks 
 being overcome, rather by the courage 
 of the Chriftians, than by the {laugh- 
 ter of their men, are put into a pre- 
 cipitate flight, every one taking the 
 neareft way to efcape. It is reported 
 that the Grand Vizier himfelf fct the ex- 
 ample, and began the flight. Their 
 camp was taken, with an infinite booty 
 of all forts. The warlike florcs were 
 carried into the Emperor's armory 5 the 
 other things were given to the foldiers 
 for plunder. There was fo great a fum 
 of money, that almoft every common 
 foldicr was made wealthy with it. The 
 Grand Vizier's tent fell to the lot of the 
 King of 'Poland \ in which he lodg'd 
 that night. From hence, and from the 
 other tents of the Bafhaws, he is faid to 
 have receiv'd feveral millions of gold, 
 befides a vaft quantity of houfhold fur- 
 niture of great value. The Germans 
 were lefs greedy of the prey, thinking 
 thcmlelves happy enough in that they 
 
 were 
 
Of his own Time. 199 
 
 were (o fuddcnly deliver'd from deftruc- 
 tion, beyond their hopes; at which they 
 flood amaz'd, and could fcarcely believe 
 it. There was one thing memorable in 
 this battle ; that at the fame time that 
 the battle was fought in the open field, 
 the attack of the city was carried on 
 with more fiercenefs by the Turks $ 
 whether thro* courage or fear, is uncer- 
 tain ; either becaufe they thought them- 
 felves equal to both the battle and the 
 fiege, or rather, that the city being ta- 
 ken, if they were defeated in their camp, 
 they might make their retreat to the 
 fortifications of the city. In this laft 
 aflault, there was a very wide breach 
 made in the walls ; but cannons being 
 immediately planted in the gap, for fomc 
 time kept back the enemy from rufhing 
 in. Star ember g acquainted Lorrain irt 
 what condition the city was. He im- 
 mediately fent the Prince of Baden to 
 his relief with eight thoufand men. 
 Thefe attacking the Turks^ who expect- 
 ed no enemy from that quarter, and a 
 fally being made out of the city at the 
 
 fame 
 
3 0*o Bp. Parker's History 
 
 fame time, they kill'd fix thoufand Ja- 
 nizaries in the very trenches, being clos'd 
 in before and behind. 
 
 This was the order and end of this 
 remarkable fiege. A more glorious fiege 
 than this, no former age ever beheld ; 
 nor perhaps will any future ever pro- 
 duce a parallel. Wc have mentioned one 
 or two before, Stetin and Triers, under 
 Crequiy which perhaps were prefs'd with 
 equal refolution, and defended with no 
 lefs bravery : But no city was ever re- 
 due'd to an equal extremity of danger, 
 which either did not yield, or was not 
 taken. But Staremberg would fuffcr no- 
 thing in common with other men, but 
 only death. Being often left bare of 
 walls, he engaged, as in the open field > 
 nor was it, to the laft, fo much a fiege 
 as a battle > nor did he only repel the 
 enemy from the walls, which is viftory 
 enough for the befieg'd, but fighting a 
 fair battle, he rais'd the fiege with the 
 utter definition of the enemy. Many 
 famous battles follow'd ; but I wou'd ra- 
 ther end with this mod memorable of 
 
 all. 
 
Of his own Time. 
 
 all, than afterwards relate fome that 
 are lefs in refpcd of this, tho' great in 
 themfelves. I have put all thefe war- 
 like affairs together, not fo much ol> 
 ferving the order of time, as of the 
 fubjeft. For in thefe is contain d the 
 hiftory of all the evils which the viola- 
 tion of the triple alliance brought upon 
 the European world. Hence proud mor- 
 tals may learn upon what fmall turns of 
 affairs the greateft occurrences among 
 men depend ; and by how lmall a fire, 
 (even tho' it be an ignis fatuns) the 
 moft impetuous flames are rais'd. 
 
 301 
 
 Bp, 
 
t J01 ) 
 
 Bp. PARKER'S 
 
 H I STOR Y 
 
 O F 
 
 His Own Time. 
 
 BOOK IV. 
 
 THE fixth of thofe deadly fins 
 which I mention' d before, was 
 an aft of Toleration, which the 
 King was prevailed upon to gi'ant, where- 
 by too great a liberty in Religion was 
 granted to the Seftaries. This fa&ious 
 fet of men that I lpoke of, had always 
 with unwearied diligence cultivated that 
 
 nurfcry 
 
Of his own Time. 303 
 
 nurfery of all evils. But that which 
 they had fo often attempted in vain* 
 they now obtaind almoft without la- 
 bour : For a war with the 'Dutch was 
 now refolv'd upon. The enemy had in 
 every former war prompted the Se&a- 
 ries to rebellion ; who being of them- 
 felves too much inclin'd to fedition 
 and difcord, always broke out with 
 more violence when the enemy urgd 
 them to it : Therefore the factious gave 
 it as their advice, that there would be 
 a feaibnable remedy applied to this evil, 
 if they were voluntarily indulg'd ; that 
 by fo unexpected and free a courtefy 
 they would be very well pacified ; that 
 the mod prudent Emperors and Kings 
 had done the fame in every age : Thus 
 Conftantine the Great, altho* he perfc- 
 cuted the Doruitifts, the Sectaries of that 
 age, with all the feventy of punifhment 5 
 yet when he was engaged fen the war 
 with Licinius, being compelled by ne- 
 ccflity, he by a letter lent to Verinus 
 his Deputy in Africa, not only gave 
 them a toleration, but commanded that 
 
 thofc 
 
304 Bp.- Parker's History 
 
 thofe that were condemn'd fhould be 
 releas'd from banifhment. The fame 
 Emperor, by his Edift which he fent to 
 Batfus, his Vicar General in Italy ', vo- 
 luntarily left to the Novatians (the Pu- 
 ritans of former ages) their Churches 
 *Cod.Th. and Coemeteries *. Alfo the Emperors 
 de ant. fj mor j us anc t Arcadius, than whom none 
 of the Emperors made more or fharper 
 laws againft Schifmaticks, cfpecially a- 
 gainft the 'Donatifts, whom they pur- 
 fued with utter hatred, and at laft root- 
 ed out of the world j yet when the 
 matter was almoft finifhd, the Goths 
 happening to break into Africa, in this 
 jun&ure of danger, granted liberty un- 
 ask'd for, to the Schifmaticks, left they 
 fhould go over to the enemy, as they 
 had done before, when Gildo rebell'd. 
 Likewife the generous temper of Va- 
 lentintan the elder is commended, be- 
 caufe by an Edift he granted to all the 
 Scdaries the liberty of worfhiping ac- 
 cording to their own way and pcrfua- 
 fion. And altho' he was an Emperor 
 very famous for his prudence, yet he is 
 
 in. 
 
Of his own Time. 305 
 
 in no refpeft more celebrated than for 
 this generous clemency. For thus the 
 Hiftorian* commended it in thefc words.,* Ammi- 
 He grew famous by this lafl piece of con- M j/f*7 
 duct in the adminiftration of his Govern- 
 ment, becaufe he food neuter amongjt the 
 differences of Religion, neither did he 
 diflurb any one, nor force any one to this 
 or that fort of 'worship, nor by threate- 
 ning Interdicts bow down the necks of his 
 fubjefts, to what he himfelfwas inclind 
 to, but left the parties, as he found 
 
 them \. c®'b Fi l d<! 
 
 After his example, an Edict was pub- 
 lifhed by Valentinian the younger, in 
 which he gave leave to the Arians, no 
 lefs than to the Catholicks, to affcmble 
 for their worfhip, denouncing the penal- 
 ty of treafon againft thofe that attempt- 
 ed the contrary. -\ Theodofins the Great f Sac. if, 
 banifhing all Hereticks that dillented from c ' l0 ' 
 the faith, by law commanded that the 
 NpvatianSy fince they agreed in the faith, 
 fhould be permitted to hold their meet- 
 ings within the city, and enjoy their 
 Churches. And others were known to 
 X have 
 
$oc Bp. Parker's History 
 
 have done the fame ; not only Empe- 
 rors, but Prelates. Neither before the 
 times of Celeftine (let the truth of this 
 depend upon this approved Hiftorian) 
 were the Churches taken from them 5 he 
 firft of all compell'd them to hold their 
 meetings in private houfes 5 when the 
 Roman Epifcopate tr an fgr effing its bounds 
 had for fome time degenerated into ty- 
 * Idem, ranny *. They urg'd farther, that Max- 
 ^' c ' 12 " imus the tyrant alone inflicted capital 
 punifhment upon the Trifcillianifts : 
 That the other Emperors not only in? 
 dulg'd the Chriflian Hereticks, but Hea- 
 thens, Jews, Manichees and Apoftates, 
 as every one thought fit. That thefe 
 are the chief articles in the Theodofan 
 Codes 5 and the prudence of thole times 
 confifted chiefly in this moderation. 
 Thus Baldwin, and thus Thuanus, men 
 citeemed very converfant both in the 
 records of the Church, and the laws of 
 the Emperors, thought that fword and 
 blood-fhcd, baniflimcnt and forfeitures, 
 rather provok'd than heard the difeafc: 
 That all other things are fubjeft to the 
 
 will 
 
Op his own Time.' 307 
 
 will of Kings, but Religion alone can- 
 not be controlled : That this is infus'd 
 only by the grace of God : That pcrfe- 
 cutions conduce nothing to it : That 
 there is need of teaching and inftruftion ; 
 for mens minds may be invited and 
 won over, not forced : That violence 
 offer'd to confeience, is turn'd into rage : 
 That it is a fore which will not bear 
 to be touch'd : That moft of the Kings 
 of Europe had had too much experience 
 of it. Hence arofe the wars of the laft 
 century in Germany, Spain and France. 
 Hence Princes were murdcr'd, King- 
 doms overturned, Provinces wafted, Ci- 
 ties fpoil'd, becaufe they claim'd tothem- 
 fclves a fupremacy in matters of Reli- 
 gion. What heavy ruins did Francis 
 the Second, Charles the Ninth, and Hen- 
 ry the Third, bring upon themfelves and 
 their Kingdoms! With what lamentable, 
 and almoft utterly-deftru&ive wars was 
 Germany worn out, becaufe the liberty 
 of exercifing Religion was fupprefs'd ! 
 Spain had fallen into the fame danger, 
 had not Ferdinand^ who fuccceded 
 X 2 Charles 
 
308 Bp. Parkers History 
 
 Charles the Fifth, finding that all the 
 wars under his brother, in which he 
 himfclf commanded, fucceeded but ill 
 in the affair of Religion, granted peace 
 and liberty to the Sectaries by a folemn 
 Edid. Hence there was a profound 
 tranquillity to him and his dominions. 
 Who can doubt but that Margaret of 
 'Parrna, by her indulgence prcferv'd 
 Holland, that was inclin'd to a revolt i 
 And that Alva y on the other hand, loft 
 it by a harfh and hafty feverity i Laftly, 
 left all the examples, which are almoft 
 innumerable, fliould be brought, let the 
 King only remember the example of his 
 good Father : He was a Prince of the 
 greateft goodnefs and clemency, than 
 whom no one ever govern d more juft. 
 ly, more modeftly, and (which prevails 
 moft with the people) more frugally j 
 yet he, fuffering himfelf to be influence 
 by the Priefts, and making ufc of feverity 
 againft the Puritans, turn'd their patience 
 into fury 5 for they are a bold and tur- 
 bulent fort of men, who if they hum- 
 bly fupplicate any thing, and do not 
 
 obtain 
 
Of his own Time- $o$ 
 
 obtain it, generally extort it by violence 
 and arms. Laftly, let him confider on- 
 ly his own times. From the time that 
 the Aft of Uniformity was pafs'd againft 
 the Seftaries, he has ftrugglcd with year- 
 ly, and almoft monthly confpiracics ; 
 and they will never lay afidc their ani- 
 mofities and hatred, till they arc over- 
 come and foftned by the King's indul- 
 gence ; which fmce it is a free gift, and 
 proceeds only from his own good-will, 
 there is no doubt but that a kindnefs Co 
 extraordinarily granted, will above mea- 
 fure oblige them : That it is not for the 
 Kings honour to perform the office of an 
 executioner : That Nero firft defiled him- 
 feif with human blood, fhed for Reli- 
 gion : That the beft Emperors, though 
 mod addiftcd to Gentile lupcrftition, al- 
 ways abftain'd from inflicting punifh- 
 nients upon Chriftians. Neither was it 
 agreeable to the natural goodnefs and 
 clemency of his temper, that his fub- 
 jefts fhould be tormented with unncccf- 
 Cury punifliments. Laftly, that it was 
 always a particular maxim of his Royal 
 X i Majefty, 
 
3io Bp. Parker's History 
 
 Majcfty, that force was the worft and 
 moil improper remedy that could be 
 ufed to preferve the peace of the Church : 
 That divifions were never to be heal'd 
 by wars and forfeitures, but by treaties 
 and friendly conferences : That he fhould 
 therefore follow the bent of his own 
 natural temper, and not fuffer himfelf 
 to be biaffed by the malignity and mis- 
 taken zeal of other men. The King 
 being won over by thefe and fuch like 
 perfuafions, on the 15 th of March ', by a 
 publick Declaration, granted every one 
 the liberty of his own Religion. Nor 
 perhaps would it have been amifs, had 
 not the fa&ions made ufe of his cle- 
 mency to the fervice of their evil de- 
 figns. Neither indeed is this a matter 
 of ftrid duty, but difcretion. So that 
 the moft eager defenders of the Church 
 always yielded to the neceffity of the 
 times } for remedies that prevail in peace 
 may perhaps be of no ufe in war. As 
 long as he had every thing quiet abroad, 
 it was not difficult to reftrain the Schif- 
 maticks with the juft rigor of laws; 
 2 but 
 
Of his own Time. jii 
 
 but being to carry on fo great a war, 
 as he defign'd, he thought that the minds 
 of thefe men were to be footh'd as 
 much as poflible. Notwithstanding, the 
 factious turn'd a thing that was not ill- 
 advis'd at that time, to a very different 
 end ; for thereupon two very great mif- 
 fortuncs befell the King : Firft, a diffe- 
 rence between him and his Parliament: 
 Secondly, an army of Rebels lifted, and 
 always in a readinefs for rebellion. 
 Thus, from that unhappy day, all the 
 tranquillity of the Kingdom was de- 
 ftroy'd 5 nor did the inclination towards 
 ruin flop, till it had broken out almoft 
 into a civil war. Firft of all, the Par- 
 liament grew tumultuous 5 not being fe- 
 licitous now, as formerly they were, 
 for the Church and Religion ; but left 
 fomething worfe fhould happen to them- 
 felves, their only care now was about 
 their own prerogative and power. They 
 do not deny that the thing might be 
 done 5 but they do not allow it to be 
 done without the authority of Parlia- 
 ment. The King, on the other hand, 
 X 4 affirm'd, 
 
j ii Bp. Parker's History 
 
 affirm'd, that the fuprcmc power in ec- 
 clefiaftical affairs was always in the 
 Kings of England, and never before 
 difputed, and therefore he would always 
 affert his right : That he would not have 
 the laws of right and wrong cancell'd, 
 neither was this law repealed, whofe pe- 
 nalties he had only fufpended for a time ; 
 but that he had done it to pacify fome 
 fa&ious minds, being forced by the ne- 
 ceflity of war, of which he was the on- 
 ly judge. Laftly, that he would give 
 his Parliament leave to confult upon it 
 as they thought fit. On the contrary, 
 the Parliament warmly alledg'd that it 
 was not lawful for any Kings of Eng- 
 land to fufpend any laws whatfoever, 
 even for a moment : That this Preroga- 
 tive was never claim'd before by his An- 
 ceftors : That they were fycophants who 
 infinuated that it was : That if that was 
 allow'd, the fupreme government of 
 the Kingdom would be fubverted, for 
 that confifts in the making of laws, 
 which is done only in Parliament. At 
 length, the King giving way to the obfti- 
 
 nacy 
 
Of his own Time. ji$ 
 
 nacy of the Parliament, did with his 
 own hand, as a confirmation of the 
 matter, tear afunder the Declaration of 
 Indulgence, before the Lords of his 
 Privy Council ; and by the Prefident of 
 the Council reported to the Houfe of 
 Lords how it was done, that the per- 
 petual remembrance of it might be pre- 
 ferred in their Journals. (Troc. T)iar. 
 Mart.Z. 1673.) The whole confedera- 
 tion of this affair being now referr'd to 
 the two Houfes, they proceeded to make 
 a new law, which they caird an Ad of 
 Eafc or Indulgence 5 by which alone, all 
 the laws which they had pafs'd before 
 againft Schifmaticks, were rcpeal'd. 
 (Diar. Comm. Feb. 27. 1673.) That all 
 difTenting Proteftants who would fub- 
 fcribe only to the articles of faith in 
 the Church of England, leaving out 
 thofe about Difcipline and Government, 
 fhould have liberty to hold their Meet- 
 ings : That they fhould be exempted 
 from all fines, by which every one was ' 
 oblig'd to go to his own Parifh- Church: 
 That the affent that was required by the 
 4 Aft 
 
314 Bp. Parke r's History 
 
 Ad of Uniformity to be gi< r en by a 
 Clergyman, and alfo the Abjuration of 
 the Solemn League and Covenant, mould 
 be taken off for ever : That they fhould 
 with impunity perform their own offices 
 of divine Worfhip : And that their 
 Preachers fhould have their places of 
 meeting affign'd them at the quarterly 
 Seffions. The Peers alfo confented to 
 the thing; but not to the manner of 
 it : They voted thrice that the Indul- 
 gence fhould be granted to every one 9 
 but it was varioufly difputed on each 
 fide, whether it fhould be granted by 
 the King, or by the Juftices of the Peace ; 
 till at length the moderate counfel of 
 Sheldon (which I mention/d before) that 
 they fhould only acknowledge that the 
 war againft King Charles the Firfl was 
 unlawful, hufhed up the whole matter 
 in filence : Thus it was left unfinim'd ; 
 which fo provok'd the Parliament, that 
 they were prorogued for a year. In the 
 mean time, the fa&ious fuccefsfully fi- 
 niftVd the matter, which they had fo 
 often attempted in vain before ; which 
 
 was 
 
Of his own Time. 315 
 
 was done thus : An Afiembly of the fc- 
 veral Fa&ions being call'd, the place of 
 meeting, which every one chofe for 
 himfelf, was granted him by Royal Au- 
 thority. Hence the feveral ftations of 
 the Sectaries were conveniently fixed all 
 over the Nation, and about forty or 
 fifty Conventicles fet up in every county. 
 In thefe they took an account of the 
 number of Sectaries, and fent it to Lon- 
 don, to their General Aflembly, who 
 from thence were allow'd, without mo- 
 leftation, to promote their feparate in- 
 tereft. Neither truly were thefe dili- 
 gent men wanting to their caufe 5 their 
 numbers were daily increas'd, as the tem- 
 per of the common people is daily in- 
 clinable to change. Hence new calcu- 
 lations were often made. Thus, under 
 a pretence of Religion, foldiers were 
 lifted every where, and a leader appoint- 
 ed to every troop, and their ftations fix- 
 ed on every fide, as fcem'd moft con- 
 venient for fudden eruptions ; nor was 
 any one allow'd to be without arms. 
 And laflly, all things were provided for 
 
 an 
 
jis Bp. Parker's History 
 
 an immediate rupture. Thus, by the refo- 
 lute agreement of the Se&aries with one 
 another, all feditions were daily fornVd 
 from that time againft the Common- 
 -^wealth. 
 
 The laft of the deadly fins was com- 
 mitted againft the Parliament (than which 
 nothing is dearer to the People of Eng - 
 land-,) for a modern cuftom that began 
 in 1 640, had prevail' d to this time, that 
 when any Members of Parliament died, 
 the Parliament fhould acquaint the Chan- 
 cellor with it ; which being done, writs 
 were iflued out by him for the electing 
 others into the places of the deceafed. 
 On the contrary, the Earl of Shaft sbury y 
 Lord High Chancellor of England, when 
 he had a rrund to have fome of his 
 creatures chofen into the Parliament, by 
 a fudden and private ele&ion, in fome 
 of the obfeurer Boroughs, iflued out 
 writs for ele&ion, of his own accord, 
 without any information from the Par- 
 liament, and even before their meeting. 
 On the firft day of their affembling, a, 
 CQftfidcrable number of new Members 
 
 appear'd. 
 
Of his own Time/ 317 
 
 appeared. Hence there was a murmur 
 and enquiry run thro* the feats of the 
 Houfe, who, and whence thefc ftrangers 
 were? and the matter being prefently 
 difcover'd, they were all immediately 
 cxpell'd the Houfe. Hence there was a 
 great deal of anger and hatred againft 
 the Chancellor. And he caft all the 
 fault (if there was any) upon the King. 
 He affirm'd, that by this proceeding the 
 Royal Right was afiirted, which was de- 
 rived from the earlieft antiquity 5 nei- 
 ther was it taken away, till the rebel- 
 lious Parliament prevail'ds that there- 
 fore the King did only renew an anci- 
 ent prerogative of all his Anceftors, 
 which v/us loft not long ago in open 
 rebellions and unlefs he did it fpeedily, 
 and before a long cuftom had eftablifh- 
 ed it, he would give up one of the 
 brighteft jewels of his Crown, with the 
 reproach of indolence and negleft. They 
 fhould therefore only examine their ov. 
 records, and they would find no inftancc 
 of their new cuftom before the R< 
 lion* 
 
 It 
 
3 1 8 Bp. Parkers History 
 
 It was inquir'd into, and found as it 
 was faid. Neverthelefs, the Parliament 
 pcrfifted in maintaining their new privi- 
 lege 5 faying that the prerogative was 
 of no advantage while lodg'd in the 
 King 5 but if it was in their hands, it 
 would be a great benefit to the Kins;- 
 dom, that there might be no clandeftine 
 elections carried on, as now, by the 
 Chancellor. Neither was the matter al- 
 together difagreeable to the King : For 
 he began to have a fufpicion of the 
 Chancellor in all his confutations, and 
 thought of removing him from his 
 place. Neither indeed was it fo much 
 a difpute of right, as of parties. The 
 Chancellor, on the account of that dig- 
 nity, had a great intercft in his own 
 county of c Dorfet^ efpccially amongft 
 the Se&arics, by whofe affiftance, in all 
 elections of Members, he endeavour 'd 
 to have men chofen, that were approv'd 
 by himfelf. Strangways always oppos'd 
 him 5 a man of an antient and illuftri- 
 ous family, famous both for wealth and 
 fidelity. He had ferv'd under Charles 
 
 the 
 
Of his own Time. 319 
 
 the Firft in all his wars, wii-h great 
 bravery 5 and done and fuffer'd every- 
 thing which a brave man could do and 
 fuffer. In all times he was conftant in 
 his duty, without any breach of his in- 
 tegrity $ and a courageous and undaunt- 
 ed defender of the Royal Caufe, even 
 when it was breathing out its laft, and 
 entirely fubdued. He was alfo very po- 
 pular, by his affable and courteous be- 
 haviour towards all men, whence no 
 one had more interefl in his country j 
 and therefore moft clcftions there were 
 made according to his inclination. When 
 the Chancellor durft not venture openly 
 to oppofc his great intcrcft, he attempt- 
 ed to evade it by this artifice ; for where- 
 as about that time, four Members cho- 
 fen for the Boroughs of that county 
 were dead, he clandestinely put in four 
 of his party into the feats of the de- 
 ceafed. Hereupon Strangwaysw&s pro- 
 vok'd 5 and fince he had long prevailed 
 with no lefs interefl in the Parliament, 
 than amongft his own countrymen, as 
 foon as he complain'd of this matter, 
 
 he 
 
5*0 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 he incenfed all the Parliament againft 
 the Chancellor, who was before hated 
 by many Members of it. The Chan- 
 cellor ftruggled for fome time againft 
 it, but being furrounded by fo many 
 enemies on every fide, he found he muft 
 retreat as well as he could. He had 
 long known the Duke of Tork's hatred 
 to him : The adminiftration of the Chan- 
 cellor had long difpleas'd that Prince j 
 and he griev'd that he was advane'd to 
 fo great a power. The Chancellor dread- 
 ed his anger moft of all, for he knew 
 him to be an enemy who did not ufe 
 to lay down his arms till his enemies 
 were overcome. His greateft hope had 
 long been in the clemency of the King ; 
 when therefore he perceived that the 
 King had withdrawn his favour from 
 him, being left bare of his defence, he 
 began to think of a furrender. When 
 he faw that he was thus fharply attacked 
 by the Parliament, who would give the 
 King nothing, unlefs he was remov'd 
 entirely from the adminiftration 5 and 
 would deny nothing if he was : Laftly, 
 
 when 
 
Of his own Time. 311 
 
 when he had heard that articles of im- 
 peachment were prepaid againft him, 
 forming from hence certain prefages of 
 his impending ruin ; and his cafe being 
 defperate at Court, he openly fled to the 
 party of the Se&arics, and every where 
 pour'd out the fame complaints with 
 theirs. Firft of all he inveigh'd againft 
 the Papifts, that unlefs fpeedy care was 
 taken to prevent it, the Protcftant Re- 
 ligion would be deftroy'd : That every 
 thing look'd in favour of Rome: That 
 he would rather lofe his life, than his 
 Religion : And therefore exhorted all 
 who had their Religion at heart, 
 that they would rife with one confent 
 againft idolaters : That he was not ig- 
 norant that he fhould do a thing very 
 difplcafing to the Courtiers, and did not 
 doubt but he fhould therefore be re- 
 mov'd from his dignity ; but that the 
 falvation of his foul was dearer to him 
 than the Empire of the whole World: 
 How much focver the vi&ory might 
 coft, Rome fhould be fubdued 5 Carthage 
 might now ftand fafe, for him. And 
 
 Y by 
 
Br. Parker's History 
 
 by thefe infinuations, he fo fuccefsfully 
 crept into the hearts of the people, that 
 they reverene'd and embrae'd him as the 
 only Father of their Country, and as a 
 Deliverer defcended from Heaven. He 
 was prefently attended by a great bo- 
 dy of Nobility 5 and altho' he was ac- 
 cused but yefterday in the lower Houfe, 
 yet no one was now fo popular there. 
 Neither were there wanting Divines, 
 who in their publick writings- celebrated 
 him as the only Prefcrver of Religion 5 
 who had pcrform'd a work of no lefs glo- 
 ry than danger 5 whofe fame, like that of 
 the woman in the Gofpel (they promis'd) 
 fhould endure for ever. Amongft thefc 
 tumults, before he went out of his office, 
 he procur'd two Laws to be made : One 
 againft the Papifts, by which they were 
 excluded from all offices, both civil 
 and military, except upon certain con- 
 ditions, contrary to their perfuafion. 
 The other was, an Aft of general obli- 
 vion. Which being pafs'd, (for it was 
 more extenfive than was ever granted 
 before) he would immediately become 
 fetfus in curia, (to fpeak in the lan- 
 guage 
 
Of his own Time. 325 
 
 guage of the Law) fo that no one could 
 charge him with any of his paft male- 
 adminiftration. He was depriv'd of all 
 power when he had not been at the 
 head of affairs a whole year : He came 
 into the office of Chancellor, Nov. 17. 
 1672. and was ejected thence on the 
 9 th of the fame month of the follow- 
 ing year. Bridgman obtained that of- 
 fice, after the removal of the Earl of 
 Clarendon $ a man of entire fidelity to 
 the King, throughout his whole life, an 
 uncorrupt Judge, famous for his equi- 
 table and skilful adminiftration of the 
 Law. In Cromwell's times, the juft au- 
 thority of the Courts being taken away, 
 he forbore pleading : But altho' he was 
 publickly filent, he was privately a 
 Counfcllor to the King's Friends 5 and 
 there were not a few whom he pre- 
 ferv'd from the iniquity of the times : 
 Juftice returning, together with the King, 
 he was at length advane'd thro' all the 
 degrees in the Law, to the cuftody of 
 the Great Seal. Nor did he ever err, 
 as far as I know, but once 5 being led 
 
 Y a afide 
 
324 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 afide by others in the affairs of the Church. 
 This modeft man being overcome by 
 the haughty and yet flattering brow of 
 ibme Churchmen, offended againft the 
 Rites of the Church ; for they chiefly 
 made ufe of his authority in compofing 
 that which they caird a Comprehenfion 5 
 otherwife he was a finccre favourer and 
 fon of the Church of England. It fo 
 happen'd, that at that time the Credi- 
 tors cited the Bankers (whofe money 
 Shaftsbury had fhut up in the King's 
 Exchequer) into the King's Bench, that 
 they might be paid what they themfelves 
 had borrow'd. The Bankers appeal'd to 
 the Court of Chancery ; for if their ap- 
 peal had been accepted, by the autho- 
 rity of that Court, there had been a 
 flop put to the Judgment of any other. 
 For fuch is the power of the Chancel- 
 lor, that he can iffue out a Prohibition 
 at his pleafurc, to flop the proceedings 
 of the other Courts. But Bridgman be- 
 ing very much provok'd at the bafenefs 
 of this pra&ice, difmifs'd the unjuft Ap- 
 peal 5 not without fctting a mark of in- 
 5 famy 
 
Of his own Time. 515 
 
 famy upon it. Shaft sbury complaint 
 of the boldncfs of this proceeding, lay- 
 ing, that the reproach was chiefly caf ny, 
 on his Majefty 5 that it upbraid him 
 with fhutting up the Exchequer ; Fc A had 
 not he done that, the Bankers would 
 have been capable of paying : And laft- 
 ly, that it was his caufe, not theirs: 
 That therefore he fhould proted them 
 a little while, for a year only, by his 
 Royal Authority 5 in which time the 
 Exchequer would pay them their debts : 
 That if Bridgman refus'd to grant the 
 King fo equitable a requeft, he was not 
 a fit perfon to whom the King fhould 
 commit the next power to his own: 
 That truly, if it was in his power, he 
 would afford refuge to the diftrefs'd 
 Bankers. Hereupon Bridgman was gent- 
 ly laid afide, and Shaft sbury put into his 
 place. He prefently perform'd his pro- 
 mife, embracing the Bankers that appeal'd 
 to him, and iffuing out Prohibitions a- 
 gainft the other Courts, that they fhould 
 not proceed to judge in their caufe. Thus 
 juftice was rcftrain'd for almoft a year ; 
 Y 1 but 
 
jzs Bp. Parker's History 
 
 but when he found that he fhould fhort- 
 ly fall from his dignity, he himfelf re- 
 versed his own Prohibitions. 
 
 As long as he was at the head of the 
 Miniftry, he boafted that every thing 
 was done profperoufly and pioufly : In 
 his fpeech which he made to the Parlia- 
 ment, on the 5 th of February, 1673. he 
 congratulated the Kingdom for the great 
 prudence and goodnefs of the King, 
 becaufe when he carried on foreign 
 wars, the whole nation cnjoy'd all the 
 plenty of peace : That the King, by the 
 mildnefs of his government, kept the 
 minds of all his fubjeds engaged to him : 
 That nothing was cultivated fo much, 
 as the publick tranquillity, and the 
 mutual agreement of all at home : 
 That there was a more than conjugal 
 afFe&ion between the King and Par- 
 liament, never to be cut off by any di- 
 vorce : That all things were fafe, and 
 there was no room left for unjufl: fu- 
 fpicions, nor even for calumnies : That 
 in the King alone, Religion in general, 
 the Church of England in particular, 
 
 every 
 
Of his own Time. 3Z7 
 
 every one's Rights, the equitable ad- 
 miniftration of the Laws, the honour 
 of Parliaments, and every thing that 
 can make us happy, was entirely fafe. 
 What therefore remain'd to be wifh'd 
 for by every honeft Englifhman, but 
 that the reign of fo good a King might 
 be continued for many years, and the 
 triple alliance between King, Parlia- 
 ment and People might never be bro- 
 ken ? But no fooner was he command- 
 ed to withdraw from the Court, than 
 he fled to the city of London, and went 
 daily to the Exchange, attended by 
 his followers, as if he had gone thi- 
 ther to make his market, and turn 
 flock- jobber; and fetching a deep figh, 
 lie faid, Alas! my Countrymen, how 
 defperate is the prefent condition of 
 England! this is the only thing that is 
 now defign'd, that the laws being fet a- 
 fide every thing fhould be fubjed to 
 the luft and pleafure of the Courtiers : 
 That the Papifts and French Penfioners 
 plainly (hew this: That all the power 
 was in their hands : That he had long 
 Y 4 with- 
 
5i8 Bi\ Parker's History 
 
 withftood them, but in vain : That it 
 was a crime to complain, or figh in 
 Court : That he was therefore remov'd* 
 and unlefs they took immediate care, 
 they would too late endeavour to re- 
 lieve their Country : That they might 
 find from the late tranfa&ions, whither 
 matters tended : That the triple alliance 
 was violated, in defiance of the Laws of 
 Nations, only that we might enter into 
 an alliance with the Popifh King of 
 France*, againft the good Proteftants the 
 'Dutch: That a war was opened againft 
 the 'Dutch, before it was proclainVd, no 
 Herald being fent to proclaim it : That 
 a Toleration of Religions was granted, 
 not becaufe there was any tendernefs 
 towards the fcrupulous confeiences of 
 Diflenting Proteftants, but that a way 
 might be open'd for the Jefuits and 
 Romijh Priefts to come into England : 
 That all the force of Laws was taken 
 away at the fole pleafure of the King ; 
 for if it was lawful for him to fufpend 
 them for a moment, he might continue 
 that fufpenfion foj: ever : That there- 
 fore 
 
Of his own Time. 315 
 
 fore the Parliament refented it very 
 much; and altho* the King ftrovc againft 
 it with more refolution than ufual, yet 
 being at length overcome by the rcfent- 
 ment of the Parliament, he was con- 
 ftrain'd to pretend to repeal it, and that 
 tho' the Indulgence that was allowed to 
 the Protcftants, was made void, yet the 
 fame liberty, was (till continued to the 
 Papifts, even to this day. Moreover, 
 with what barbarous and unheard-of in- 
 jufticc, were the fortunes of almoft all 
 his fubj efts fnatch'd from them, by (hut- 
 ting up the Exchequer ! What regard 
 to right could there be in that King- 
 dom in which fuch tyranny was com- 
 mitted ! And laftly, not only the private 
 rights of fubj efts were violated, but e- 
 ven the liberties of Parliament were 
 ftruck at; fince, contrary to law and 
 cuftom, new Members were clandeftinely 
 elefted into the places of the deceas'd, 
 without the knowledge of Parliament, 
 that a paffagc might be opened for 
 Courtiers and French Penfioncrs to 
 come into the Houfe: That therefore 
 
 the 
 
330 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 the Parliament had refcnted it with un- 
 common anger and indignation > and a- 
 bove others, thofe that were moft fa- 
 mous for their fidelity to the King, fuch 
 as was Strangways, a man entirely free 
 from all fufpicion of faction.—- Hence 
 there was fufficient matter furnifh'd for 
 complaints : Hence a blind and panick 
 fear was ftruck into the people: Hence 
 there were fears and complaints about 
 the ftreets, as if the city was plunder'd : 
 Thus in a fnort time, the city was not 
 only drawn from all duty to the King, 
 but there feemed to be a new and op- 
 pofite Republick fet up within it. A 
 great Aflembly was chofen, which fate 
 in a tavern near the Exchange > then le£ 
 fer Meetings were fettled at certain dis- 
 tances. Thefe perform'd different offi- 
 ces : Some confirm'd with wine and 
 drunkennefs thofe whom they found 
 inclin'd to faction. Others fcatter'd let- 
 ters pregnant with lies in their feveral 
 Provinces on every fide; and they all 
 agreed in this one thing, to caft all the 
 paft counfels and a&ions of Shaftsbury, 
 
 which 
 
Of hi sown Time. 3 3 x 
 
 which were now condemn'd by him 
 and his followers, upon the King and 
 his Minifters, who were the chief in 
 power upon his removal, and efpecially 
 the Duke of Tork, by whofe counfel, 
 chiefly, he was remov'd. Amongft thefe 
 fchools and academies of Sedition, the 
 moft famous was a meeting at a tavern 
 at the fign of King Henry the Eighth, 
 againft the Temple. The members of 
 this Cabal were much fuperior to the reft 
 in impudence, becaufe moft of them 
 were Lawyers, which fort of men boaft- 
 ing of their skill in the Law, thereby 
 added confidence to others that were 
 lefs experiene'd. Thus they at length 
 proceeded to that degree of arrogance, 
 that when they went abroad, they di- 
 ftinguifh'd themfelves by a green ribbon 
 round their hats, as a badge of their fo* 
 ciety. From this fchooi the chief offi- 
 cers came forth into that Rebellion 
 which afterwards broke out. More- 
 over, there were infamous and virulent 
 books that were difpers'd about in great 
 numbers amongft the common people. 
 3 Amongft 
 
33^ Bp. Parker's History 
 Amongft thefc lewd Revilcrs, the lewd- 
 eft was one whofe name was Marvel. 
 As he had liv'd in all manner of wic- 
 kednefs from his youth, fo being of a 
 lingular impudence and petulancy of 
 nature, he exercifed the province of a 
 Satyrift, for the ufe of the Fa&ion, be- 
 ing not fo much a Satyrift thro* quick- 
 nefs of wit, as fowernefs of temper; 
 of but indifferent parts, except it were 
 in the talent of railing and malignity. 
 Being abandoned by his father, and ex- 
 pell'd the Univerfity, he afterwards made 
 his confcicnce more cheap than he had 
 formerly made his reputation. A vaga- 
 bond, ragged, hungry Poetafter, being 
 beaten at every tavern, he daily receiv'd 
 the rewards of his fawcinefs in kicks 
 and blows. At length, by the intereft 
 of Milton, to whom he was fomewhat 
 agreeable for his ill-natur'd wit, he was 
 made Under-fecretary to Cromwell's Se- 
 cretary. Pleas'd with which honour, he 
 publifh'd a congratulatory poem in praife 
 of the Tyrant 5 but when he had a long 
 time labour'd to fqueeze out a panegy- 
 
 xick, 
 
Of his own Time, 333 
 
 rick, he brought forth a fatyr upon all 
 rightful Kings 5 faying that Cromwell was 
 the fun, but other Monarchs were flow 
 bodies, flower than Saturn in their re- 
 volutions, and darting more hurtful rays 
 upon the earth. That if each of their 
 reigns were to be continued to the Tla- 
 tonick age, yet no King would ever do 
 any good to the world : That it was 
 the purpofe of them all to bring their 
 fubje&s into flavery : That they purfue 
 no enemy but their own countrymen : 
 That they wage war againft foreigners 
 unwillingly, and becaufe they are forc'd 
 to it, but voluntarily and freely againft 
 their own people ; neither do they ceafc 
 from it, till they can treat them as con- 
 quered flaves ; nor do they fight againft 
 them only, but alfo againft God : That 
 they are all drunk with the enchant- 
 ments of the Whore of Babylon : That 
 they fight for Antichrift, againft the 
 Lamb : That they fcrve the Roman 
 Whore : That they not only defert, but 
 hinder the work of the Lord, begun in 
 this age by his faints, under the aufpi- 
 cious condu& of Cromwell, But 
 
534 £ p - Parker's History 
 
 But the King being rcftor'd, this 
 wretched man falling into his former 
 poverty, did, for the fake of a liveli- 
 hood, procure himfelf to be chofen 
 Member of Parliament for a Borough, 
 in which his father had exercis'd the of- 
 fice of a Presbyterian teacher, and done 
 notable fervice in the Rebellion : For 
 there was an ancient cuftom, that the 
 expences of thofe that were ele&ed in- 
 to Parliament, fhould be born by the 
 Borough for which they were chofen, 
 at the rate of five fhillings a day. This 
 cuftom had a long time been antiquated 
 and out of date, Gentlemen defpifing 
 fo vile a ftipend, that was given like 
 alms to the poor ; yet he requir'd it for 
 the fake of a bare fubfiftence, altho' in 
 this mean poverty he was neverthelefs 
 haughty and infolent. In all Parlia- 
 ments he was an enemy to the King's 
 affairs, being one of thofe Confpirators, 
 who being fixty in number, of the re- 
 mains of the Rebellion, had bound them- 
 felves by oath, from the beginning, to 
 give all the trouble they could to the 
 
 King, 
 
Op his own Time. 335 
 
 King, and efpecially never to vote for 
 granting any taxes. But thefe men had 
 little weight in that AfTembly, being 
 look'd upon with fhame and difgrace; 
 fo that if they would do no good, they 
 could do no hurt 5 for they were hardly 
 ever fufFer'd to fpeak without being 
 hifs'd at 5 and our Poet could not fpeak 
 without a found bailing : Wherefore, 
 having frequently undergone this difci- 
 pline, he learn'd at length to hold his 
 tongue. But out of the Houfe, when he 
 <ould do it with impunity, he vented 
 himfelf with the greater bitternefs, and 
 daily fpewed infamous libels out of his 
 filthy mouth againft the King himfelf. 
 
 If at any time the Fanaticks had oc- 
 cafion for this libeller's help, he prefent- 
 ly ifTued forth out of his cave, like a 
 gladiator, or a wild beaft. But this 
 BuftuariuSy or fencer, never fought with 
 more fury, than near his own grave, in 
 a book written a little before his death, 
 to which he gave this title, Commenta- 
 ries concerning the Growth of Popery, 
 and Tyrannical Government in England. 
 
 In 
 
5? 6 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 In which, after he had complain'd that 
 the Papifts had a long time laid in wait 
 to fubvert the Kingdom, and had ac- 
 complifh'd their intended villany, unlefs 
 Shaftsbury, with his affociates, had inter - 
 pos'd ; he begun his fcurrilous difcourfc 
 with thofe fcven deadly fins before-men- 
 tioned, by which he faid it was almoft to 
 a miracle, that the Kingdom was not 
 ruin d. He fpoke to this efFeft : 
 
 That the triple alliance was bafely vio- 
 lated, contrary to the Law of Nations $ 
 and the alliance with the French, againft 
 the 'Dutch, was a matter equally trea- 
 cherous and dangerous : That the Dutch 
 were free from all manner of imputa- 
 tion of blame, and had inviolably per- 
 formed and kept all the articles of peace, 
 with a religious ftridnefs : That even in 
 the lowering the flag, they were more 
 officious than was necefiary : That caufes 
 of war were ftudioufly fought for, but 
 none could be found: And laftly, it 
 was undertaken almoft without any pre- 
 tence. And much more of the like na- 
 ture. 
 
 A fhrewd 
 
Of his own Time,' $37 
 
 A flirewd man, and a lucky advocate 
 for his friends! who blacken'd the King, 
 the States of the Kingdom, the Privy- 
 Council, and all the chief Minifters of 
 State, that he might celebrate the me- 
 rits of Shaft sburfs party, who had dc- 
 fcrved fo well from their country, and 
 therefore began with fo evident and no- 
 torious a lie. For whatfoever was fe- 
 cretly done by others, the Earl of Shaft f 
 bury was the only publick author and 
 advifer of that counfel. His Speeches 
 to the Parliament were cried in the 
 ftreets; one fpoken on the 5 th of Fe- 
 bruary, another on the 27 th of October 
 following ; which was but thirteen days 
 before his fall from the Chancellorfhip, 
 (for he was turn'd out November the 9 th ) 
 in which, with great vehemence, he 
 urg'd on the Englijh to the deftruclioa 
 of Carthage, la one he affirm'd, that 
 the 'Dutch were treacherous truce-break- 
 ers, and had not only refus'd the right 
 of the flag thro' the ocean, but infifted 
 in all the Courts of Europe, that it 
 mould be takea away : That they had 
 Z a na- 
 
538 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 a natural hatred of the Englifl), both 
 thro' emulation, and their own temper 
 and difpofition : That the war muft end 
 in the deftruftion either of them, or 
 us : That the fafety of the one depend- 
 ed upon the deftru&ion of the other; 
 and that there would be no end of the 
 war, unlefs the "Dutch were deftroy'd. 
 Therefore as it was begun with the 
 greatefl prudence by the King, and de- 
 fir'd with the greatefl: refolution and fi- 
 delity by the Parliament, he exhorted 
 them, that what was unanimoufly un- 
 dertaken, might with the fame general 
 zeal be brought to a conclufion : And 
 if any one relinquifh'd it fooner, he 
 would be guilty of the bafeft treachery 
 to his country. In the other he faid, 
 that the King hop'd to have met his 
 Parliament with a token of the peace 
 being finifh'd 3 which he had done, had 
 not a haughty, ftubborn and bafe ene- 
 my defigncdly exprefs'd a contempt of 
 all the terms of peace : That he had 
 requir'd fuch reafonable terms, that the 
 Minifters who were the Arbitrators of 
 
 the 
 
Of his own Time^ 352 
 
 the Peace, and had ftipulated for the 
 faith given on each fide, openly declar'd, 
 that they fhould mediate to no purpofe, 
 unlefs they agreed upon thofe terms ; 
 That firft of all, the King's Majefty re- 
 quired nothing more for himfelf, than 
 the ancient rights of his Anceftors in 
 the British ocean, which had been al- 
 low'd them from the earlieft remem- 
 brance of the Nation 5 for were the do- 
 minion of the lea to be deftroy'd, no 
 one would be hereafter King of this 
 Nation : Alio that the dignity fhould 
 be reftor'd to the Prince of Orange ? 
 which he had deriv'd from his fore-fa- 
 thers : That only the Lovefttin party, 
 that republican faction of Carthage, op- 
 pos'd it : And laftly, that the rights of 
 trading, efpecially in the Eafi Indies, 
 Ihould ftand according to the agree- 
 ments that had been made between both 
 Nations: That to thefe fo juft and mo- 
 derate demands* the Loveftein faction 
 returnd nothing but contempt and in- 
 folence; who as they had fuck'd in, 
 even from their nurfe, an eternal ha- 
 Z z tred 
 
34° Bp. Parker's History 
 
 trcd to the Englifhy fo they would de- 
 liver it to pofterity, as the only pledge 
 of their duty to their country : That 
 they not only offcr'd libels to the Ar- 
 bitrators of Peace, full of fuch contu- 
 melious language, that it was a fhamc 
 to publifh them, but defpis'd all the 
 terms of peace that were offered them, 
 with an air of difdain : That after all 
 this infolence, they prefently fent a 
 Minifter into England, declaring that 
 they would accept of any terms that the 
 King fhould approve of, how hard fo- 
 ever. But their undertaking was vain, 
 fince they found nothing but war pre- 
 paid againft them. And then they ap- 
 peal'd from the King to the people, with 
 that faucy and unbecoming language, as 
 if they were to treat with them, and 
 not with the King, concerning peace 
 and war j nor did they fo much defign 
 a war abroad, as a rebellion at home : 
 Laftly, that all their defigns had this 
 view, that taking away the entire pot 
 feflion of the fea from the English, they 
 alone might have an abfolutc dominion 
 
 over 
 
Of his own Time. 541 
 
 over the ocean, or (which they look 
 upon as the lame) over the whole world. 
 Nor would their agreement with us in 
 Religion, which was a pretence for 
 making peace with them, be any fecu- 
 rity ; for it had been too plainly found 
 from the earlieft memory and experience 
 of mankind, that the fame intereft in 
 worldly matters had brought differences 
 of Religion to an agreement $ but it 
 was without example, that religious 
 matters mould put an end to a difpute, 
 when it was for intereft; and much 
 more when it was for dominion. Laft- 
 ly, that the end of this war was not 
 for glory, nor for riches, nor for ex- 
 tending of empire 5 but that it was un- 
 dertaken pro arts & focis (thefe were 
 his very words.) If we are overcome, 
 we {hall no longer be a free people, but 
 the prifoners of the Conqueror : As long 
 as we poffefs the fea, it is (as it always 
 was) a bulwark againft our enemies; but 
 fhould we lofe that, every port would 
 be turn'd into a prifon. If therefore 
 we had any remains of love for our 
 Z 3 country, 
 
34* Bp. Parkers History 
 
 country, our liberty, and our families, 
 the war muft not be deferr'd a day -, we 
 fhould otherwise perhaps too late en- 
 deavour to fave them. 
 
 Behold now the modefty of our ad- 
 vocate! who when he had charg'd the 
 deftruftion of the Nation upon this one 
 war againft the 'Dutch, could yet with 
 the fame breath commend Shaftsbury, 
 who alone perfuaded and advis'd to it, 
 as the only Preferver of his Country ! 
 A great and notorious lie, I profefs ! yet 
 as great as it is, not unbecoming the 
 modefty of the man ! 
 
 Then he proceeds to charge the fame 
 Confpirators with fhutting up the Ex- 
 chequer, in thefe words : That the King- 
 dom was involv'd in a debt of two 
 millions, or more : That the taxes given 
 by the Parliament upon that account, 
 were fufficient to difcharge it 5 but, as 
 if they thought it an impious thing to 
 apply the publick money to its pro- 
 per ufes ; inftead of clearing the Trea- 
 fury, as they had promifed, they fhut it 
 up, when it was full of the fortunes of 
 
 private 
 
Of his own Time. 345 
 
 private men, left perhaps it fhould be 
 made ufe of to any other purpofes than 
 the holy war or crufado, which they 
 had defign'd againft the 'Dutch : That 
 the thing was concerted privately amongft 
 the Courtiers (who in his language were 
 Confpirators) left by a difcovery of the 
 wickednefs, any abatement might be 
 made of the greatnefs of it. 
 
 Hence, on a fudden, a Proclamation 
 being publifh'd on the firft of January 
 1 67 1, a vaft fum of money which pri- 
 vate pcrfons had lent to the Treafury, 
 was by manifeft robbery taken from the 
 proprietors $ innumerable families were 
 by publick plunder ftrip'd of all their 
 fortunes, and the whole Nation, being 
 aftoniuYd at fuch unheard of tyranny, 
 defpair'd of their own properties. That 
 nothing is thought more infamous a- 
 mong men, than the depriving creditors 
 of what is lent upon truft, when there 
 is a poffibility of payment: And that it 
 is an aft of villany never heard of be- 
 fore, that the King's Majefty, who had 
 juft before received very large taxes, 
 Z 4 fliould 
 
344 B p - Parker's History 
 
 mould by a folemn Edict, commit a 
 noon-day-robbcry upon the fortunes of 
 his fubje&s. But if this was fuch an 
 ad of villany as, he fays, was never 
 heard of before, and even a noon day 
 robbery ; I would only ask him who 
 firft contriv'd it ? who advis'd ? who 
 perfuaded to it? who put it in execu- 
 tion? laftly, when it was put in execu- 
 tion, who prevented its being expiated 
 by a juft payment? who, but the Earl 
 of Shaft sbiiry ? 
 
 This abandon'd wretch goes on : Thus 
 it feem'd good to the Confpirators, to 
 try how all honour and honefty might 
 be firft violated at home, that they might 
 with greater confidence violate the fame 
 abroad : For it feem'd to be a fort of 
 juftice to treat all alike, whether ene- 
 mies or countrymen ; therefore having 
 committed a robbery at home, they be- 
 gan a pyratical war againft the c Dutch 
 abroad 5 for they had religioufiy ob- 
 ferved their treaties ever fince the peace 
 was made, and being confeious of their 
 own piety, and therefore fecure from 
 
 any 
 
Of his own Time. 345 
 
 any fear of the Englijh, they had freely 
 traded in the Britifb feas. Neverthe- 
 lc{s y there was a defign formed by the 
 Confpirators, to furprize their fleet near 
 the Iflc of Wight, in their return from 
 AJia and Spain ; but it was fo unskilful- 
 ly managed, that they at once loft their 
 booty, and broke their faith. 
 
 There has been enough faid already, 
 by the Earl of Shaftsbury, concerning 
 'Dutch fidelity. Eut our wretched Poet 
 is inflam'd with fuch inveterate hatred 
 to his own country, that making a flat- 
 tering excufe for the Dutch, he lays all 
 their treachery to the charge of his own 
 countrymen. I confefs that the Englijh 
 once fail'd in their faith ; but that was 
 done when Shaftsburfs faftion was in 
 power. Neither did the King aflent to 
 them, till they had perfuaded him that 
 the folemn obligations of the alliance 
 were broken by the Dutch. Neither 
 indeed was there ever wanting occafion 
 of complaint againft the Dutch ; for 
 whatfoever they agreed to, they per- 
 formed nothing. How great then is 
 
 the 
 
34^ Bp. Parker's History 
 
 the modefty of the man, in crying out, 
 that the war was begun without caufe, 
 when thofe very men begun it, whom 
 he celebrates as the Prefervers of his 
 Country ! Neither indeed was the war 
 unjufl, tho* it was begun difhonourably 
 by them, fince, upon their removal, it 
 was honourably carried on, and finifh'd ; 
 all the terms of peace being agreed to, 
 which the King of England approv'd of, 
 and likewife three hundred thoufand 
 pounds allow'd towards the charges of 
 the war. Being bound by which alli- 
 ance, they have ever fince had the fame 
 friends and enemies with our felves. 
 
 Laftly, he attacks the liberty of Reli- 
 gion, which was granted to every one. 
 By this one attempt, he fays that the an- 
 cient wickednefs of the gigantick race 
 was renew'd ; and our Religion, which 
 before was ftrengthned with fo many 
 Laws, was exposed naked to its enemies, 
 and power given both to the Papifts and 
 Sectaries, to form a fiege on each fide, 
 againft the Church of England, which 
 coil: fo dear. Nor was the Church only, 
 
 but 
 
Of his own Time. 347 
 
 but alfo the State fubverted ; for by the 
 fundamental Laws of the Kingdom, it is 
 not lawful for any one to cancel what 
 is eftablifh'd by Laws ; if the King him- 
 felf fhould do this, he would be a par- 
 ricide to his country : That this there- 
 fore was the greateft impudence in the 
 Confpirators, fuch as, we never heard, 
 was attempted in the memory of man : 
 That now, by one inftance, they were 
 rcfolv'd to try whether the people 
 of England would give their Kings fo 
 great an authority over the Laws : If 
 this could be done with fafety, there 
 would be no occafion for the reprefen- 
 tatives of the people affembling in Par- 
 liament, to pafs Laws: That the Con- 
 fpirators aim'd at this one thing, that no 
 check might be given by the Parliament 
 to the indulgence granted by the King 5 
 but whatfoever he pleas'd might have 
 the force of a Law. 
 
 Whether the Confpirators aim'd at 
 
 tyranny, Marvel himfelf was certainly 
 
 a proper perfon to give teftimony, who 
 
 if he was not their Secretary, was yet 
 
 3 admitted 
 
34S Bp. Parker's History 
 
 admitted into their inmoft counfels, for 
 the fake of his ancient friendfhip with 
 them ; therefore he was really the fitted 
 perfon in the world to give evidence 
 againft his friends and matters. But 
 what they principally aim'd at, was found 
 by the event ; an army of Rebels being 
 immediately railed, which, when it 
 fhould fecm convenient, might refcuc 
 their rights and liberties from the extra- 
 vagant tyranny of Kings ; which was 
 afterwards remarkably attempted, tho' 
 it fail'd of fucceis. Eehold, in the mean 
 time, the boundlefs and moft intolera- 
 ble impudence of thefe Traitors, that 
 they, tho' contriving anarchy and con- 
 fufion, mould terrify the people with 
 the fear of tyranny ! 
 
 But the treachery of this drunken buf- 
 foon exceeded all others, who could 
 now vehemently blame a thing as the 
 greater!: wickednefs, which before he 
 had affirm'd in his bitter writings to be 
 every one's due, both by human and 
 divine right. He chiefly claim'd liberty 
 of confeience for the Sectaries 5 when 
 
 the 
 
Of his own Time. 342 
 
 the King had granted it, he did not 
 flick to charge it with the tyranny of 
 Nero, only that he might bring an odi- 
 um and reproach upon his government. 
 I will trace the matter a little farther 
 back, becaufc the Confpiracy of the Sec- 
 taries took its rife from thence, which af- 
 terwards was brought by all manner of 
 treachery, by lying, and by the moft 
 fubtle artifices, to the height of an o- 
 pen Rebellion. 
 
 It happen d about the year 1 667, when 
 the Englijh Nation was groaning under 
 the miferies of peftilcnce, fire and fword, 
 that the Fanaticks, according to their u- 
 fual cuflom, endeavour'd to bring a new 
 plague of fedition upon their country, 
 daily fcattering libels among the com- 
 mon people, aifuming the utmoft liber- 
 ty for themfelves to exert their fchifma- 
 tical rage, and pleading that all laws, 
 in ecclefiaftical affairs, were unjuft and 
 impious ; that every one ought by the 
 right of nature to have the liberty of 
 his own Religion 5 and that the fupreme 
 JBeing would not endure the great bold- 
 4 nefs 
 
350 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 nefs of Kings, in ufurping a power o- 
 ver his fuprcme Kingdom of Consci- 
 ence. Moreover, they threatned the 
 King's Majefty with their numbers, for 
 that the Puritans were not fo weak or 
 cowardly, but that they both could 
 and would defend and preferve their 
 liberty in Religion from all tyranny : 
 That they had once, and not long fince, 
 by their own ftrcngth, fhaken off an 
 heavy yoke ; and the King mould take 
 care, left by his ramnefs fo great a num- 
 ber of brave men might become his 
 enemies. Amongft thefe, the chief were 
 Sir Charles IVorftley? and Dr. John Owen, 
 Worfiley was formerly of Cromwell's 
 Privy-Council, and a great flatterer of 
 his mafter, being one of thofe who 
 would have fct the Crown upon his 
 head. But at the King's return, he vo- 
 luntarily threw himfelf out of all the 
 adminiftration of publick affairs ; and 
 altho' the Earl of Shaftsbury had pre- 
 pared a way for him to come into the 
 King's Councils, yet he who not only 
 fubmitted to, but kifs'd and embrae'd 
 
 the 
 
Op his own Time. 3 yt 
 
 the flavery of the Tyrant, difdain'd to 
 ferve, or even obey his lawful Sove- 
 reign 5 for he was of the clafs of the 
 Independents, which fed of men could 
 not bear a Monarchy (except in Crom- 
 well alone) either in Church or State, 
 but affirm that all power is in the Peo- 
 ple 5 that appeals are to be made to the 
 People, againft the Magiftrates ; that 
 their majefty is greater than that of 
 Kings, who are created by them ; that 
 therefore Kings arc accountable to the 
 People, as their fovereign Lords $ and 
 if it be the will of their Lords, they 
 may be depos'd : That there is no au- 
 thority of Priefts in the Church, no 
 power of facred Orders, no rights of 
 Succeffion, but every one has a power 
 of choofing, not fo much a Prieft, as I 
 know not what fort of a Chaplain, if 
 he plcafes. What wonder is it, if men 
 that could endure no government, could 
 bear no laws ? When therefore the pre- 
 fent ftate of affairs fcem'd to languifh 
 under the aforementioned difficulties, 
 fhould meet together from all quarters, 
 
 that 
 
551 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 that whilft the ftrength of the Govern- 
 ment was faint, that they might extort 
 from it the reftitution of their ancient 
 liberty : Which being once granted, 
 they wou'd not fear to engage with an 
 enemy already broken by fo many mif- 
 fortunes. Which they afterwards did, 
 as fliall be related when we come to 
 Oates's confpiracy, in which they attack'd 
 the Government with all their force. In 
 the mean while, Worftley publifh'd his 
 libel. About the fame time, John Owen 
 publifh'd another, bearing this title, An 
 Apology for Liberty of Confcience. In 
 this book, undertaking the patronage of 
 his party, he is not afham'd to praifc 
 the great loyalty of the Independents to 
 the King, and, according to his modcfty, 
 to wipe off all accufations from his bre- 
 thren, tho* he himfelf was dip'd in the 
 blood of King Charles the Firft. But 
 altho' he fcribbles with rough and dis- 
 agreeable language, with no weight of 
 reafon, and with an unheard-of licen- 
 tioufnefs in lying, yet it makes no dif- 
 ference in the judgment of the people. 
 
 For 
 
Of his own Time. 353 
 
 For provided fomething is written, whe- 
 ther well or ill, truly or falily ; (I fay) 
 provided there be a pamphlet written, 
 they think their caufe is fufficiently de- 
 fended. He was from his youth a moft 
 indefatigable author and advocate of Re- 
 bellion. Amoneft the Regicides them- 
 felvcs, he was the bittcreft enemy of 
 the Royal Blood , who vehemently 
 exhorted to the commiflion of that 
 moft execrable wickednefs 5 and in a 
 fermon before the Regicides, prais'd and 
 celebrated it when it was done ; and, 
 as a Prophet of God, he admonihYd and 
 commanded them, to perfect on the Po- 
 fterity, what (under the divine influence) 
 they had begun in the Father 5 for it 
 was plcafing to. God, not only that the 
 government of the whole family of the 
 Stuarts mould be utterly deftroy'd, but 
 that no one mould hereafter be furTer'd 
 to reign in England. But I need not fay- 
 more of this famous Rebel now, fi-nce 
 I may perhaps write the whole hiftory 
 of this wicked man. 
 
 A a Againft 
 
354 Br. Parker's History 
 
 Againft thefe invafions of the enemy, 
 I entred the lifts, among others $ tho' 
 too young to treat of fuch momentous 
 affairs. I fhcwM, that it was one thing 
 for Kings to grant liberty of confeience 
 to their fubjetts thro' their own indul- 
 gence, and another for fubje&s to claim 
 it as their ftrid right. But if it be law- 
 ful for Kings to indulge them, yet it is 
 a very dangerous thing to encourage fe- 
 veral feds of Religion in the fame King- 
 dom; that every one of them would 
 wage war againft: another, each of them 
 would be an enemy to the reft, and all 
 of them to the Church eftablifh'd by 
 Law : That a multitude of Religions is 
 a certain fource for civil wars : That it 
 was found by the experience of all ages, 
 that differences in Religion always end- 
 ed in blows : That the Chriftian world 
 had feldom been engaged in a civil war, 
 which was not rais'd under a pretence of 
 Religion : That thofe wars were carried 
 on with more rancour and cruelty than 
 thofe which were undertaken in behalf 
 of Civil Liberty : That every one's Re- 
 ligion 
 
Of his own Time. 555 
 
 ligion is dcareft to them, and their tem- 
 ples and altars are of greater concern 
 to them, than their own habitations and 
 civil interefts 5 therefore they will fight 
 with greater!: zeal for that which they 
 value molt 5 and 'tis certain, wars for the 
 fake of Religion have always been moft 
 inveterate and deftructive. If we con- 
 sider the European Nations, how they 
 have burnt with fatal wars in the laft 
 age, we fhall find that they all proceed- 
 ed from differences of Religion ; and 
 were never cxtinguifh'd, till either the 
 State was overthrown, or the Rebellion 
 lubdued. If we look upon France alone, 
 what a dreadful effufion of blood did it 
 fuffer from the barbarity and infolence of 
 the Calvinifis, in the reigns of Henry the 
 Second, Francis the Second, Charles the 
 Ninth, Henry the Third, Henry theFourth, 
 and Lewis the Thirteenth ? How did they 
 lay plots for the life of the King, un- 
 der pretence of prefenting an humble 
 petition, when Francis the Second was 
 but a minor! How was Charles the 
 Ninth treacheroufly afiaulted at Meldunl 
 A a 2 And 
 
3 5<? Bp. Parkers History 
 
 And had not the Switzers, with won- 
 derful art and courage, and even to a 
 miracle, fecur'd him in the midft of 
 fpears, the intended villany ,had fuc- 
 cecded* How did they fight afterwards 
 in open war, till the ftrength of France 
 was exhaufted, in feveral battles, with 
 almoft infinite blood- Hied! How, in the 
 reign of Henry the Third, did the prin- 
 cipal Nobility of the Kingdom ftir up 
 that feci: to arms againft the King! for 
 they had not ftrength enough to rebel 
 without their affiftance. As often as 
 the Peers had an inclination to rife in 
 arms, the Sectaries were always ready 
 for war: And altho' in many battles, 
 they were {lain in great numbers, yet 
 the Hydra prefently fhouting forth a- 
 gain, the war was more vigoroufly re- 
 newM What did Henry the Fourth af- 
 terwards obtain by yielding to the Fac- 
 tion, befides rendring them more impu- 
 dent? for by heaping kindnciles upon 
 them, he was brought into fufpicion of 
 herefy,by his own popifh fubj eels, whence 
 they had a pretence aud cover for their 
 
 wicked 
 
Of his own Time. 357 
 
 wicked league. Thus while he favour'd 
 both fides, he pleas'd neither ; but whilft 
 he flood dubious between both, he had 
 an enemy on each hand. And altho' 
 at firft they brought aiTiftance to Henry 
 of Navarre, in claiming his Crown, yet 
 as foon as he embrae'd the Romijh faith, 
 they fhcw'd that they would aiTift Henry 
 as a Calvinift, but not as a King. If 
 he indulg'd them in any thing, they 
 looked upon it as their own right; and 
 abus'd the Edict of Nantz, and made it 
 a pretence for war. Hence was the rife 
 of the war againft Lewis his fon : Nei- 
 ther did they lay down their arms, till 
 being depriv'd of all their forces at the 
 taking of Rochel, they fell under the 
 King's power. 
 
 Moreover, they who require liberty 
 of confeience from Kings, as due to 
 them by right, only aim at this, that 
 the eftabliflYd Religion being overthrown, 
 their own may be fet up in its ftead ; 
 for fince every one's own Religion is in 
 his opinion the beft, by the fame law 
 of confeience that commands him to 
 A a 3 defire 
 
358 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 dcfire its liberty, he is alfo oblig'd to 
 procure the encreafe and propagation 
 of it throughout the world, as far as 
 he can. They will not therefore ceafe 
 to endeavour it, till they have advane'd 
 their Religion to the higheft pitch. This, 
 and much more to the fame purpofe, I 
 wrote concerning the right of Kings o- 
 ver the province of Confcience. 
 
 Neverthelefs, tho' fuch is the right of 
 Kings, yet they may at their pleafure 
 recede from it ; and there are feveral 
 inftances of it in the records of hiftory 5 
 yet it has been feldom done by any pru- 
 dent King, unlefs he was conftrain'd to 
 it by the fa-aits of war; and then it was 
 recall'd when the danger was remov'd : 
 Therefore, the 'Dutch war being ended, 
 they ciaim'd an indulgence too late from 
 the King, who had now no enemy to 
 fear. 
 
 But as to the right of fubje&s, which 
 they claim, exempt from the power of 
 Kings, in matters of Religion, if this 
 be granted, it will overthrow all the 
 right of Government : for nothing con- 
 duces 
 
Of his own Time. 35$ 
 
 duces more to its eftablifhment, or ruin, 
 than Religion. If it be peaceable, fin- 
 cere, moderate, modeft, and mild ; if 
 it be obedient to the higher powers for 
 confeience fake, it is much for the in- 
 tcreft of Kings to cultivate the minds 
 of their mbjefts with fuch principles. 
 But if inftead of Religion, there be en- 
 thufiaftick rage 5 if it be fuperftition, 
 mix'd with a fond credulity 5 if it be 
 fullen, morofe, and cruel, and tainted 
 with harfh opinions of God 5 laftly, if 
 it be fuch as theirs is too plainly found 
 to be; if you give them a liberty of 
 teaching what every one pleafes, you 
 open Tandords box full of evils: For if 
 there be an univerfal liberty defir'd, that 
 is confined within no bounds, there 
 will be another power fct up in the 
 Kingdom, not only a rival, but a power 
 always jarring with the King's. For 
 why > Are not Kings God's Vice-gerents ? 
 Yet what is there that afts in God's (lead, 
 upon earth, with more ftrid and facred 
 laws than Confeience ? Have Kings a 
 power to determine concerning right and 
 A a 4 wrong? 
 
360 Bp. Parkers History 
 
 wrong? Bat the judgment of Cenfcicncc 
 has greater power, being the higheft tri- 
 bunal under God. Can Kings make laws 
 concerning virtue ? What is of greater 
 force than Confcience alone to eftablifh 
 virtue and honefty ? Can Kings chaitife 
 wickednefs with fines and punifhments? 
 yet what can punifh more feverely than 
 the whips and feourges of Confcience? 
 Laftly, are not Kings fubjeft to God a- 
 lone? fo Confcience fuffers it felf to 
 be fubjed to no other Sovereign but 
 God, Nay, this Emprcfs Confcience, 
 will govern not only with equal, but 
 fupcrior authority to Kings: They ani- 
 madvert only upon outward actions ; 
 fhe keeps the fecret thoughts of the 
 mind, which refufe to be under human 
 power, in fubjeftion to her. Hence, as 
 often as fubje&s are prompted to rebel 
 againft their Sovereigns, they are lifted 
 under Confcience, which is exempt from 
 all jurifdi&ion, and call'd forth to war. 
 Under her condud they-rife in arms: 
 By her beck and counfel, all the mad- 
 nefs of the people is turn'd into Reli- 
 gion; 
 
Of his own Time. 3S1 
 
 gion 5 every thing facrcd is violated by 
 fanatick rage. Whitherfoevcr every one's 
 Confcience calls him, they madly fol- 
 low. Whether they kill Kings, mur- 
 ther the Nobility, break the peace of 
 the Church, and involve themfelves in 
 Perjury, 'tis Confcience that bad them 
 do it all. And whatfoever they wifh or 
 defire, they account it as ratified and 
 rendred facred by her command. If 
 therefore an abfolute Liberty of Con- 
 fcience be demanded, Kings will have 
 no power, and every man will be his 
 own King. It is certain, Kings have a 
 power over men 5 but every one's Con- 
 fcience is the Man himfelf, therefore 
 the Man, and the Confcience of tbe 
 man, is the fame : If therefore they have 
 no power over the one, they have no 
 power over the other. 
 
 When the right to an univerfal Li- 
 berty of Confcience is taken away, it 
 is afterwards to be requir'd only upon 
 certain conditions 5 therefore Confcience 
 it felf is not to be oppos'd to the com- 
 mands of Kings, but fome Law by which 
 
 fomc- 
 
561 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 fomething antecedent is commanded, 
 contrary to their commands. Now a 
 divine Law can be of force againft them ; 
 therefore the Sectaries muft produce 
 fome Law out of the holy Bible, by which 
 they are forbidden to pay obedience to 
 the eftabiifh'd rules of the Church of 
 England : If they cannot, they are ob- 
 liged to obey : Then the moft celebrated 
 Liberty of Confcience muft fall, and the 
 difpute be brought only to this, whe- 
 ther the Church of England has com- 
 manded any thing that is forbidden by 
 God > But all the contention that is 
 rais'd by them, is concerning fome ce- 
 remonies of worfhip ; as whether it is 
 lawful to mark the forehead of a per- 
 fon that is baptiz'd, with thefignofthe 
 crofs ? Whether we may wear a furplice 
 in performing divine fervicc? Whether 
 wc may receive the holy Sacrament 
 kneeling? and the like. Which if they 
 arc trifles, are yet, even in Calvin's judg- 
 ment, tolerable ones, never forbidden 
 in the holy Bible, and therefore fubjeft 
 to human laws. And if perhaps they 
 
 are 
 
Of his own Time. 363 
 
 arc not agreeable to fome nice perfons, 
 yet they arc not of fo much moment 
 as to be prcferr'd before the peace and 
 authority of the Church. It ought to 
 be fomething great and national, that 
 fhould afford a lawful cxcufe for a di- 
 vision in the Church, as Optatus for- 
 merly laid to the "Donatifts, who faid 
 they would rather die than return into 
 the Church. He fpoke to this effect : 
 It is faid to no one, T>eny God 5 it is 
 faid to no one, Bum your Tefiament • 
 it is faid to no one, Either offer Frank- 
 incenfe, or pull down your Churches 5 
 for fuch things as thefe, are wont to 
 produce martyrdoms. And againft the 
 fame perfons, St. Aufl'm alfo fpeaks to 
 Januarius; That which is enjoined, which 
 is neither contrary to the Catholick Faith, 
 nor to good Morality, is to be taken in- 
 differently, and obferv'd for the fake of 
 that Society in which we live. This was 
 always a law to all, that little matters 
 were not fufficient to juftify divisions? 
 but whatfocver is commanded, unlefs it 
 be plainly impious, becomes a duty. 
 
 By 
 
3^4 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 By this one Law, the Church and State 
 has always flood ; and if this be taken 
 away, there can be no right or power 
 of Government 5 for its power only ex- 
 tends to thefe things. Moreover, the 
 excufes which they pretend for the de- 
 fence of their Schifm, are fought for 
 only as a pretence for war : And firft of 
 all, as for their great maxim, That no- 
 thing is lawful in divine worfhip, except 
 it be commanded by God 5 it is not only 
 faid without reafon, but falfly : For no- 
 thing is appointed by God concerning 
 the Chriftian Worfhip, except the two 
 Sacraments 5 all other things are left to 
 the difcretion of the Church. And if 
 this maxim is of any force, it will hold 
 no lefs againft them, than againft the 
 Church, fince they ufe their manner of 
 worfhip as well as we ufe ours. The 
 fame is alfo prov'd concerning their o- 
 ther excufes, of chriftian liberty, of the 
 obligation of not giving offence to weak 
 brethren, of the authority of a doubt, 
 ful and uncertain confeience ; all thefe, 
 of how great authority foever they are, 
 
 muft 
 
Of his own Time. 365 
 
 muft fubmit to the power of Kings. 
 There is no right better than theirs, un- 
 der God 5 therefore thefe leller matters 
 muft altogether vanifh away, if this in- 
 terpofes. 
 
 Laftly, I fhew'd that it was neither 
 juft nor modeft for them to ask any in- 
 dulgence of the King, who were all 
 lately involved in Treafon 5 and that fuch 
 a liberty, defied by fuch perfons, did 
 not tend towards Religion, but Rebel- 
 lion. If they are the fame perfons that 
 they were, they are open and profefled 
 enemies of Monarchy 5 that if they re- 
 fus'd to renew the pledges of their alle- 
 giance and fidelity, they mould at leaft 
 ingenuoufly give fome tokens of it. 
 Perhaps by that modefty they might ob- 
 tain the King s indulgence. Otherwife, 
 they would offer an affront to his Ma- 
 jefty, in thinking him fo weak and fool- 
 ifh, as to give fuch open enemies an 
 opportunity of forming themfelves again 
 into cabals and confpiracies. And this 
 would certainly be the confequence, if 
 they were allowed to meet together in 
 
 compa- 
 
3 66 Bi\ Parker's History 
 
 companies and conventicles, as they 
 pleas'd : For it was known that their 
 Leaders and Teachers were all veteran 
 enemies of the Royal Caufe, and were 
 all imaged with an infatiable defire of 
 bringing their Kings into fubje&ion : 
 That they attempted to fubvert the Con- 
 ftitution, under a pretence of main- 
 taining their liberty $ and would never 
 be at reft, till by violence they had 
 wrefted the King's Scepter from him : 
 That it was not a matter of Religion, 
 but of government 5 whether they fhould 
 obey Kings, or Kings fhould fubmit to 
 them. By their principles, the People 
 are fuperior to Kings, and have a power 
 to punifh them : That the order of things 
 being inverted, Kings fhould be fubjedt 
 to their Subjects, and Subje&s govern. 
 For what elfe is the meaning of that 
 great maxim of them all, That it is not 
 only lawful for the States of the King- 
 dom to reftrain the licentioufnefs of 
 Kings by force, but that they receiv'd 
 this power from God himfelf , and un- 
 lefs they ufc it, they are bafe betrayers 
 
 of 
 
Of hi s own Tim e. 3^7 
 
 of the liberty of the people that is com- 
 mitted to their charge. What alio means 
 that principle, That the King is fubjeft 
 to the Law, and the Law to the People ; 
 and that it is lawful to rcfift a King that 
 oppreffes the Kingdom, or lays wafte the 
 Church of God ; and to purfue him 
 with war, if he perfifts in it 5 and to 
 punifh him in what manner they pleafe, 
 if he is overcome ? Laftly, if viftory in- 
 clines to the Rebels fide, they call their 
 fuccefs a token of Divine Favour : And 
 whatsoever rebellious Subjects do againft 
 their King, they do it by the direction 
 of Providence. Thefe principles are 
 common to all the Sectaries, efpecially 
 the Presbyterians and Independents ; 
 who as they are very numerous, fo they 
 are the chief that claim Liberty of Con- 
 fcience. The moft famous Teachers in 
 each Seel taught all thefe things, not 
 only in their fermons, but in books that 
 are publiuYd. If they denied this, we 
 were ready to prove it, from their own 
 writings : which, when afterwards they 
 were not afham'd to deny, was fuffici- 
 3 cntly 
 
368 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 ently demonftrated. If the liberty of 
 their Meetings were granted to them, 
 every Conventicle where fuch doctrines 
 are fet forth, would be a plentiful ma- 
 gazine of Rebellion. Laftly, whatfo- 
 evcr they afterwards did, I foretold it ; 
 neither indeed had any one that knew 
 the men any occafion for the fpirit of 
 prophecy or divination, to foretell what 
 would be the iffue 5 for where the eagles 
 are gather'd together, it is a fure token, 
 that the carcafles are near. Their Teach- 
 ers in vain ftrive to conceal it, fincc 
 the more they endeavour to hide their 
 wickednefs, fo much the more it is dif- 
 cover'd. When therefore there was no 
 innocent, no learned, no fober man of 
 the Faction, that would defend their 
 caufe, at length they fent forth this 
 fcofFer upon the ftage, who when he 
 had turn'd every thing that was ferious 
 into mockery and ridicule, the people, 
 with loud laughter, at once applauded 
 and defpis'd the buffoon. Thus, by ri- 
 diculing God and the King, Religion, 
 the Church, and common Modefty, by 
 4 comical 
 
Op his own Time. 3 £ j> 
 
 comical and lewd buffoonery, they c- 
 luded the moil important controvcrfy. 
 
 Nor was any thing ferioufly written, 
 befides praifes of the Royal Indulgence 
 for the Liberty of Confcience that was 
 granted to the Diffenters : For this he 
 joyfully congratulates both the King and 
 Kingdom ; hence he foretells every thing 
 profperous to both, and affirms, that by 
 this one piece of policy, the Govern- 
 ment was cftabliuYd, divifions were clos'd, 
 and the foundations of everlafting peace 
 were laid, li there were any that mould 
 oppofe it, they would be enemies, not 
 only of the Kingdom, but of the Royal 
 Prerogative ; for it is its principal right, 
 to indulge with clemency in matters of 
 Religion. Civil Laws arc always in 
 force; but Ecclcfiailical are at the plca- 
 fure of the King. Neither can he life 
 his power better than by relaxing the 
 Laws, in behalf of tender confeiences. 
 Behold ! This is the fame author, who 
 who at another time, that he might caft 
 envy and reproaches upon the King, 
 loudly affirm'd that by the fame indul- 
 B b eence 
 
57° Br. Parker's History 
 
 gence Religion was betrayed, the State 
 fubverted, the Laws fcornfully ridicul'd 
 and eluded ; and that Tyranny was aim'd 
 at and propos'd. This truly is the ipirit 
 of the faction, to abufe every thing to 
 the deftru&ion of the kingdom, to breath 
 heat and cold out of the fame mouth, 
 as either (hall feem likely to produce the 
 greater mifchicf. 
 
 From this fountain fprang the greateft 
 calamities and misfortunes of the Englift 
 Government 5 for this liberty being once 
 granted, one ruin precipitately tumbled 
 and rolled upon another : Firft of all, 
 as the Majefty of the Government was 
 weakned bv yielding to rebellious fub- 
 jefts, fo their boldncfs and infolcncc in 
 Rebellion was increas'd : For they faid 
 that the Toleration was not granted by 
 love, but extorted thro' fear; therefore 
 they did not acknowledge that they 
 were oblig'd to the King for any kind- 
 nefs y for if he had not granted it in 
 time, he mould have found both their 
 po ver and their refolution. But their 
 liberty being now gotten, or rather re. 
 
 ftor'd, 
 
Of his own Time. 371 
 
 ftor'd, they wou'd never hereafter fufFcr 
 themfeives to be tamely brought into 
 flavcry. By thefe allurements (for no- 
 thing is fweeter to the people than the 
 name and fhadow of Liberty; they brought 
 over fo many of the populace, on all 
 hands, to their party, that the whole 
 Nation immediately groan'd under them, 
 and wondred to fee it feif become fa- 
 natical. 
 
 I thought it nccellary to infift the 
 longer upon this fubject, becaufe as it is 
 a matter of the axeateft moment in hu- 
 man life, fo it is as yet fcarcc fufficient- 
 ly underftood, even by the wifeit men. 
 Upon this rock, moll Politicians have 
 chiefly fplit, who being but moderate!) 
 folicitous about Religion themfeives. 
 look upon it impertinent to trouble o- 
 thers about it: They think it is ufual 
 for the people to pleafe themfeives w it h 
 their own fancies in Religion ; that if 
 they leave every one to his own fupcr 
 fhtion, they will be pleas'd as children 
 arc with baubles, and be quiet ; but if 
 
 'i deny them, you may more fafely 
 B b 2 provoke 
 
$ji Bp. Parker's History 
 
 provoke a neft of hornets. That hence 
 arife frequent civil wars, becaufc the 
 weaknefs of the common people is not 
 indulg'd : Por if you let them alone, 
 they will be eafy; but fuperftition dif- 
 turb'd, is turn'd into rage and enthu- 
 fiafm. Laftly, that Religion is to be 
 promoted by inftruclion, not by vio- 
 lence, which if it be ufed, it will force 
 an outward mew of piety, but will pro- 
 duce nothing but Atheifm, and a hatred 
 of all Religion; for whatever is done 
 by compuliion, will always be ungrate- 
 ful. I have known thefe to be popu- 
 lar arguments, and of great efteem a- 
 mongft the writers of hiftory, and not 
 only men of a {lender reputation, but 
 thole of confiderable weight 5 and they 
 cfpecially pleas'd the great Thuanus him- 
 lelf, the father of modern hiftory, who 
 thro' the candour of his temper did in 
 every page recommend this moderation 
 in the affairs of the Church. But this 
 otherwife difcerning man, did not per- 
 ceive, that it is one thing for Religion 
 to be fore'd, and another for it to be 
 
 defended 
 
Of his own Time. 373 
 
 defended or rcpcll'd by force. I con- 
 fels it ought not to be fore'd, for if it 
 is not voluntary, it is nothing. But if 
 a new Religion is entring into the coun- 
 try of any Prince, if it is not pleafing 
 to him, he may repel it by force and 
 arms. If it be finccre, harmlefs and 
 innocent, let it enter, as the Chriftian 
 Faith did in the firft ages ; but if it ufes 
 violence to propagate it fclf, it will be 
 open Rebellion. There is therefore no 
 danger from Religion, how muchfoever 
 opprefs'd, if it be ingenuous and mo- 
 deft 5 if it be not, it is to be refitted 
 and rcpuls'd as an enemy. But this has 
 been the crime and pefl of all tefts, 
 that being forbidden, they do not flick 
 to maintain themfclves by war againft 
 the commands of Kings 5 in fubduing 
 whom, force was not oppos'd to Reli- 
 gion, but force againft force. Religion 
 is not the matter in difpute only, the 
 Kingdom is to be defended againft a 
 hoftile invafion : They may think what 
 they pleafe, provided they do not raife 
 a flame in another's territories. But if 
 B b 3 they 
 
374 Bp. Parkbr's History 
 
 they dare to do it, they defervc to fuf- 
 fer punifhment for their rafhnefs and 
 prciumption. If indeed any King mould 
 invade another's Country, only that he 
 might impofc his Religion upon the 
 vanquiftYd, that would be forcing of 
 Religion 5 neither truly do I think it 
 lawful. But to defend a Religion which 
 the authority and legiflature of the King- 
 dom has before embrae'd, and eftablifh'd 
 by laws, againft a new pcriuafion, this 
 is not to force my Religion upon o. 
 thers, but to defend it againft the force 
 that is offer'd to it. And this has been 
 the true ftate of the war in every King- 
 dom, between Kings and them that are 
 given to change. Thefe were the firft 
 asgreffois, whom when Princes would 
 drive out of their Country by force, 
 they do not offer violence to their Re- 
 ligion, but prevent their offering force 
 to their own. This ought to be the firft 
 and principal motive and ground of war 
 for Religion, not to promote my Reli- 
 gion by arms, but to put a flop to the 
 promoting of another. 
 
 Another 
 
Of his own Time. 375 
 
 Another reafon is, when the autho- 
 rity of the State has for the fupport of 
 the Church cnafted penal Laws againft 
 obftinate delinquents. I confefs there 
 was no occafion for this power at the 
 firft appearance of the Chriftian Faith : 
 For when they could invite men into 
 the Church without any allurement, but 
 only the fincere love of Religion, it was 
 then fufficicnt punifhment for any one 
 to be call: out of that fociety, in which 
 alone they thought a happy life was to 
 be obtain'd, into the confines of hell 
 and evcrlafting deftruction. Therefore 
 in the infancy of Chriftianity, the pu- 
 nifhment of excommunication very well 
 fufficcd for the difcipline of the Church. 
 For what could ftrike greater terror up- 
 on the minds of men than the fear of 
 evcrlafting punifhment immediately en- 
 filing? which was thought mod certainly 
 to follow the fentence of excommuni- 
 cation. But when Emperors and Kings 
 afterwards came into the Church, and 
 hcap'd great privileges upon it, the wic- 
 ked as well as the good equally follow'd 
 Bb ^ fuch 
 
57^ Bi\ Parker's History 
 
 fuch leaders j only the former feem'd to 
 ad with greater zeal, becaufc they fol- 
 lowed not the Church, but the Court 5 
 being worfliippers of the Emperor, not 
 of Chrift. Hence arofc a new province 
 and duty for Princes to take care that 
 no harm might happen to the Church 
 upon their account. Therefore leaving 
 to the Church its own jurifdiction over 
 ail that arc influenced by true Religion, 
 they refolv'd to drive thofe from the 
 Church by the imperial fword, whom 
 the Church could not reach with the 
 fpiritual. For the wicked, altho' they 
 regarded not its fentence, yet as long 
 as they profefs'd themfelves Chriftians> 
 they gave as much offence as if they 
 were really fo. The Emperor therefore 
 took them under his temporal jurifdic- 
 tion, and kept off thofe whom the 
 Church had caft out, which flic was not 
 able in her felf to do 5 and, as he plcas'd, 
 chaftiz'd them with punifhments, not as 
 Chriftians, but as obftinate and rebelli- 
 ous fubjecls. This ufc of penal Laws 
 in matters of Religion, prevail'd from 
 
 the 
 
Of his own Time. 377 
 
 the times of Conftantine ; which always 
 follow'd the fentence of the Church, 
 but never went before it. Hence was 
 that great bulk of Imperial Laws, con- 
 cerning the affairs of the Church; hence 
 were the Codices of the Emperors Theo- 
 dojius and Juflinian 5 hence the Bafilka 
 in the Ea/f, and the Capitularia in the 
 Weft. And this was the only defence 
 of the Church by the Emperors, not 
 abfolutely palling Eccleflaftical Laws, 
 but maintaining them when made by 
 the Church, and ratifying them with pe- 
 nal fanctions. 
 
 The kind reader will, I hope, forgive 
 the extraordinary length of this relation. 
 The remembrance of frefti mifery, is apt 
 to lengthen out difcourfe, and incline 
 us to bewail it. That terrible ftorm is 
 before my eyes, in which we faw our 
 Country almoft fwallow'd up. I fecm 
 to my fclf to behold all the dangers of 
 fhipwreck ; the fhip one while daflVd 
 againft the rocks, another time fuck'd 
 in by the waves, tofs'd about from fide 
 to fide, and ready to perifh under every 
 
 billow 5 
 
37 s Bp. Parker's History 
 
 billow j bat at length, when all hopes 
 of fafety were defpair'd of, brought by 
 a kind of miracle, fafe into the haven. 
 We were fo near to deftruftion, that we 
 can hardly believe that we ftill live; 
 neither can we look back without hor- 
 ror upon the greatnefs of the danger. 
 But whatfoever evils we fuffer'd, they 
 all proceeded from this unhappy policy. 
 The enemies of the Kingdom had la- 
 bour'd for twelve years in making this 
 engine, before they could prevail to have 
 it received within our walls. When 
 they had gained this point, thinking 
 they had now fufficiently accomplifh'd 
 their bufinefs, they ftuck at nothing, 
 and immediately drawing all their forces 
 together, they broke forth into civil 
 war : For the fame day that liberty was 
 granted to thefe Sectaries, the fame men 
 begun (what they call'd) the papal war > 
 and under a pretended fear and hatred 
 of popery, they confpir'd both againft 
 Church and State. Eut as foon as the 
 clamour about that matter ceas'd, they 
 daily ftruck new terrors into the cre- 
 dulous 
 
Of his own Time. 372 
 
 dulous people : And for fix years toge- 
 ther there was a continual trcmblinsr 
 and conftcrnation on every fide con- 
 cerning the invafions of the Papifts, till 
 at length, in Oates's plot, their villany 
 burft out. They had then every thing 
 fo prepar'd for involving the Nation in 
 a civil war, that if that unhappy Con- 
 fpiracy had not happened at that time, 
 they themfclvcs would have brought an- 
 other to perfection, which would have 
 been publifh'd to the people on the firft 
 day of the Parliament's meeting, as we 
 fhall fhew at the proper time, if God 
 mail grant us a continuance in life. 
 In the mean time, thofe very men, by 
 whofe fraud and importunity this liber- 
 ty was extorted, turn'd the King's mercy 
 into a charge againft him, and the very 
 contrivers of it were the firft that cried 
 out that it was big with a popifli de- 
 fign. 
 
 There were two inchanting terms, 
 
 which at the firft pronunciation could, 
 
 like Circe's intoxicating cups, change 
 
 men into beads 5 namely, Topery-, and 
 
 4- the 
 
380 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 the French Interefl. Which words, if 
 any one did but (lightly mention in the 
 Houfe of Commons, all fcrious coun- 
 fels were immediately turn'd into rage 
 and clamour. If men, other wife fober 
 did only hear them once, it was furfL 
 cient to raife them to a degree of mad- 
 nefs. But thefe infatuating words be- 
 ing laid afide, they had hitherto behav'd 
 themfelves with becoming modefty to- 
 wards the Kings Majefty. And as at 
 their firfl: meeting, no Parliament in a- 
 ny age was ever more eminent for fide- 
 lity and obedience to the King ; lb they 
 could never be prevailed upon by any 
 allurements to revolt entirely from their 
 firfl: loyalty and obedience : and if per- 
 haps they were in a ferment for a time, 
 yet when the tempeft of their anger 
 was a little fallen, they return'd both 
 to themfelves and to their duty 5 which 
 they fhew'd in nothing more than in 
 raifing of taxes : for there hardly pafs'd 
 a feflion in which they had not grant- 
 ed whatfoever mm the King defir'd, 
 with a free and generous fpirit. And 
 4 perhaps 
 
Of his own Time. 5 8 r 
 
 perhaps by their munificence, they had 
 in fome nicafurc taught the King to be 
 prodigal, who was naturally not very 
 parfimonious : For he that was in his 
 own difpofition too liberal, having im- 
 menfe riches heap'd upon him, could 
 not refrain himfelf from indulging his 
 liberality too much ; neither do I think 
 that any thing had fo ill an effect upon 
 the King, as that profufe tax of two 
 millions and a half, which they rais'd 
 in 1664, for the firft c Dutch war. From 
 which time, being accuftom'd to great 
 expenccs, without fear of want, he ne- 
 ver afterwards could learn a more cau- 
 tious and moderate liberality. But to 
 return to the feries of affairs. 
 
 When the Duke of Tork had by his oa % 1:> . 
 Proxy betrotlVd the Duchefs of Modena-, l6 73- 
 they humbly petitioned the King, de- 
 firing that he would command the mar- 
 riage to be cancell'd. Hereupon the 
 feffion was prorogued for fix days, that 
 they might confider with thcmfelvcs, 
 how indecently they had intermeddled 
 with an affair that was out of their pro- 
 vince. 
 
*j8a Bp. Parker's History 
 
 vince. But the firft day of their meet- 
 ing again, the fame petition was not 
 only renew'd, but ftrengthned and in- 
 fore'd with arguments ; That if fuch a 
 marriage fhould be confummated, it 
 would endanger Religion, give great 
 fcandal and grief to the King s Proteftant 
 fubje&s, and engage the King in Popifti 
 alliances: That it had been long per- 
 ceivd, that fuch marriages encouragd 
 the growth of Popery : That this had 
 rais'd the fpirits of the Papifts too much: 
 That they would not have the reve- 
 rence and love of the people of Eng- 
 land towards the Duke of Tork (which 
 was very great) be leffend and abated: 
 That it was a wretched thing that the 
 Nation mould never be free from the 
 fear of Popery : That it had been now 
 for a hundred years under the dread of 
 it : And laftly, that the Duchcfs had 
 many confiderable relations in the Court 
 of Rome. 
 
 The King imiling, anfwer'd, that he 
 was not a Pope, that could diffolve and. 
 annul a marriage that was perform'd ac* 
 
 cording 
 
Of his own Tim e. 385 
 
 cording to the Law of Nations ; and 
 that he wondred that they had not in^ 
 terpos'd when the Duke not long fince 
 had defir'd a marriage with the Duchefs 
 of Viponts: That certainly the rights of 
 marriage were as free and open to 
 Princes of the Royal Line as to any 
 other. Having receiv'd this anfwer, and 
 being influcne'd by imprudent council, 
 they rafhly, and as it were tumultuoufly, 
 pafs'd thefe three votes : Firft, That 
 they would not grant any taxes, till 
 Religion fhould be fecur'd by the re- 
 moval of Popifh Couniellors. Second- 
 ly, That publick prayers fhould be ap- 
 pointed to appeafe the divine anger, and 
 prevent the approaches of Popery. And 
 laftly, that the fmall army which the 
 King had, fhould be disbanded. Then 
 the Parliament was prorogued to the 7 th 
 of January, and Shaftsbury being now 
 remov'd, the marriage was folemniz'd. 
 
 On the 7 th of January, 1 674, the Par* 
 liament met; and at the opening of it, 
 the King complain'd that he had in vain 
 endeavour'd to bring the TDutch to a 
 
 peace ; 
 
384 f>p. Parker's History 
 
 peace ; for they derided all the terms of 
 accommodation, and while they pretend- 
 ed to treat in earned about it, they were 
 in the mean time bufy in preparing for 
 war : Therefore he advis'd them to put 
 a feafonable flop to the enemy ; for he 
 had a fleet well fitted out, provided pay 
 was not wanting for the feamen; and 
 if they would enable him to pay them, 
 he promised that he would procure fuch 
 a peace from the enemy, as they them- 
 felves mould think honourable. Other- 
 wife the Dutch would impofe upon him, 
 being unarnVd, whatioever terms that 
 haughty Nation mould think fit. And 
 this alone had made the enemy averfe 
 to peace, becaufe they received infor- 
 mation from Englandy that the Parlia- 
 ment would grant no fupplies for the 
 war ; when that vain hope was remov'd, 
 he mould eafily obtain fuch a peace as 
 they defir'd. 
 
 But they had no regard to whatfocver 
 was faid about peace or war, for Reli- 
 gion was before all things at their heart; 
 they faid that, was in more danger from 
 
 the 
 
Of his own Time. 3$j 
 
 the Papifts, than the Kingdom was from 
 the Dutch. Pirft of all, therefore, a 
 day of fading and ftipplication muft be 
 proclaim'd; then every one's rights and 
 liberties muft be refcued from tyranny: 
 That this was not to be hop'd for, unlefs 
 the evil Counfellors were remov'd, who 
 were at prefent in the higheft power i 
 Laftly, fmce there was fo great a cla- 
 mour (rais'd defignedly by themfelvcs) 
 concerning a Popifh Confpiracy, they 
 beg the King that the Train- Bands might 
 be in a readinefs for a&ion, in every 
 County of the Nation, efpecially at 
 London. 
 
 Upon this the people were aftonifh'd 
 and amaz'd, being the more concern d, 
 becaufe they heard that they were near 
 to fo great a danger, and yet knew not 
 whence it rofe, or where it lay ; for 
 they faw no enemy at home that was 
 able to carry on a war, unlefs every fin- 
 gle perfon could kill five hundred ; for 
 the number of papifts is not greater in 
 proportion to the reft ; neither did they 
 much fear that it would rain armed 
 C c men. 
 
3 8^> Bp. Parker's History 
 
 men. When they found that no ene- 
 my could be fo near at hand, unlcis 
 they came from beyond fea, they were 
 in a vaft terror concerning a defcent to 
 be made by the French ; by which fraud 
 they chiefly impos'd upon the people, 
 becaufe they always join'd the French to 
 the Popilh Intereft : As if the one was 
 to lay the fchemes, and the other put 
 them in execution ; and if there was 
 occafion for any thing to be done for 
 the fervice of the Popifh caufe, the 
 French were to do it by forcb and arms. 
 With which fi&ion (as grofs and enor- 
 mous as it was) they kept the people 
 for fome years in that confternation, 
 that there were hardly more outrageous 
 tumults in Rome when Hannibal was at 
 the gates. And indeed, they had fo fa- 
 miliarly accuftom'd themfelves to thefe 
 monftrous lies, that at the firft opening 
 of Oatess plot, they with a ready and 
 cafy credulity receiv'd all his fl&ions > 
 for whatfoever he publifh'd, they had 
 long before cxpe&cd. Nay, they made 
 even the King's authority ierve to carry 
 
 or* 
 
Of his own Time. 387 
 
 on their farce, Proclamations being 
 daily extorted from him by their im- 
 portunity, which requir'd the Papifts to 
 depart from the city, and the Soldiers 
 from the French fervice : For thefe would 
 make a compleat army, which unlefs it 
 was timely diflblv'd, would ibme time 
 or other return to the deftru&ion of 
 their Country. Nor did they raife a 
 lefTer terror from the Englijh than from 
 the French foldiers 5 intimating that they 
 were therefore fent into France, that 
 being inured to warlike difcipline, they 
 might return with hoftile arms into their 
 own Country. When therefore the 
 King found that there was a manifeft 
 revolt from him in Parliament, and all 
 Councils were turn'd into malice and 
 fa&ion, he made the peace (the fubftance 
 of which we have mention'd before) 
 upon more honourable conditions than 
 could be expe&ed, confidering their ob~ 
 ftinacy. After this was concluded, the 
 Parliament was prorogued from the 24 th 
 of March, to the 10 th of November 
 following 5 and thence it was put off 
 
 Cc 2 by 
 
388 Bp. Parkers History 
 
 by feveral prorogations, to the 13 th of 
 April, 1675. 
 
 In the mean while, the Fa&ious di- 
 ligently plied their work, fcattering fe- 
 dition every where, bewitching the peo- 
 ple with falfe doclrines, augmenting the 
 ftrength of the fa&ion, and aiming at 
 this one point, to engage the votes of 
 the people for themfelves, in cafe of 
 new elections for Parliament. Think- 
 ing they had fufficiently done this, when 
 at length the Parliament met, they per- 
 plexed all its councils with difputes and 
 controverfies, that no meafures being 
 brought to effeft while it fate, the King 
 might be forcd to call a new Parlia- 
 ment, in which they did not doubt but 
 they mould have the majority. The 
 Confpiracy was known to the King 5 
 and in the fpeech which he made on the 
 firft day of the Scffion,he earneftly exhort- 
 ed all good men to beware of it. But 
 this caution came too late; the infe&ion 
 had fpread too far : Immediately it was 
 Lords difputed in the Houic of Lords (which 
 journals. was never done before) whether thanks 
 
 fhould 
 
Of his own Time. 38^ 
 
 fhould be given to the King, according 
 to cuftom, for his gracious fpeech. The 
 opinion of thofe prevailed, who were 
 for returning thanks 5 but the factious 
 withftood it j and, that a monument of 
 their oppofition might remain to pofte- 
 rity, every one of them entred his pro- 
 tcft, with his name, in the Records of 
 the Houfc. In the lower Houfe nothing 
 was done or talked, but motions made 
 for the removing the King's Counfellors, 
 inflicting fevercr punifhments upon the 
 Papifts, dealing more mildly with the 
 Nonconformifts, recalling the King's 
 fubjects from the French fervice, ma- 
 naging the Treafury better, making pre- 
 parations for a Fleet at fea, and in fhort, 
 for a total change. Againft thefe open 
 attempts to fubvert the Government, 
 others oppos'd a new oath of fidelity, 
 to be taken by all that fhould hold any 
 office in the State, or fhould hereafter 
 fit in Parliament, That it is unlawful to 
 bear arms againft the King, upon any 
 pretence whatfoever 5 and that they do 
 from their heart abhor that impious po- 
 C c 3 fition, 
 
j5>o Bp. Parkers History 
 
 fition, that it is lawful to fight upon the 
 King's authority againft his pcrfon, or 
 thofe that are commiflion'd by .him ; 
 and laftly, that they will not attempt a 
 change of cither the ecclefiaftical or the 
 civil Government. Hence there arofe 
 fuch a quarrel and clamour, that fcveral 
 days were fpent in contention, nor were 
 they ever known to have contended 
 \vjth more animofity. The numbers of 
 the factious were lefs than the other, 
 tho' there were many that were not in 
 the Confpiracy, who came over to them, 
 that the privileges of the Lords might 
 not be impair'd 5 by which turn of the 
 debate they got the matter to be drop'd : 
 For thus they entred it in their Jour- 
 nals, April 21. 1675. that the queftion 
 might not be brought into difpute> 
 u We the Peers of this Kingdom de- 
 cc ctere, that the rights of the Nobility, 
 ** and the cuftoms of Parliament are 
 u weakned, by the bare putting the 
 ^ queftion, Whether this oath (hall be 
 H taken? For the right of voting in 
 Parliament does not depend upon 
 
 '* certain 
 
Of his own Time. 391 
 
 " certain conditions, but dcfcends by 
 " inheritance ; neither can there be any 
 « lofs of it, but that by which the ho- 
 u nour of the Nobility is forfeited 5 and 
 "that can be forfeited only by Trea- 
 " fon. Therefore they proteft by the 
 " memories of their anccftors, and by 
 <c the dignity of their families, that they 
 cc will never fuffer the privileges of the 
 " Nobility fo much as to be brought 
 " into difpute." And they withftood it 
 with that obftinacy, that at length the 
 whole Parliament (another debate being 
 designedly rais'd by the fa&ious Mem- 
 bers) partly being wearied with con- 
 tending, and partly thro* a defire of re- 
 taining their liberty, that their ancient 
 rights might not by this example be 
 brought under new reftraints, refolved 
 that for the future no Law mould be 
 propos'd to require a new oath to be 
 taken in Parliament. Neither perhaps 
 was it ill advis'd 5 for no care in Noble- 
 men ought to be more conftant, or can 
 be more laudable, than for the ancient 
 privileges and prerogatives of the Nobi- 
 C c 4 lity i 
 
$$% Bp. Parker's History 
 
 lity 5 for if there once begins a flight 
 change, there will never be an end of 
 innovations. Nevcrthelcfs, their rights 
 were in no danger from this oath, for 
 there was nothing in it but what they 
 had fwora in the oath of allegiance. 
 But fince the Presbyterians, tho* bound 
 by that oath, had yet by that evafion 
 T>f feparating the King's authority from 
 his perfon, rebell'd againft King Charles 
 the Firft, it could not feem hard to any 
 honeft well-meaning man, or lover of 
 his Country, to put a flop to this trea- 
 cherous equivocation, by the fecurity of 
 a new oath. Now the fa&ious faw ve- 
 ry well the ftope and drift of this Law, 
 therefore they drove hard that this pa£ 
 fage might be always open for them to 
 ihvade the Government : lor no one 
 was ignorant, and lead of all the fatti- 
 pus> that the fame had, even from the 
 King's return, been both requir'd of e. 
 very one that held any office in the 
 State, and alio taken by moft of the 
 Nobility : For they had chiefly executed 
 the greateft offices in the Militia, fo 
 
 that 
 
Of his own Time. 325 
 
 that they had no occafion to oppofe it, 
 if they had not had fomething farther 
 in their view. They would have the 
 Monarchy leffen'd, to the increafe of 
 their own and the people's power 5 there- 
 fore they could not bear that it fhould 
 be guarded by new laws againft their 
 endeavours ; efpecially fince they were 
 taking the fame meafures, which they 
 fo fuccefsfully purfued againft Charles 
 the Firft, they were afraid left the way 
 for accomplifhing this defign fhould be 
 ftopp'd up by this oath. However, they 
 were refolv'd to make this ufe of the 
 prefent debate, that by it they might 
 obftruft and perplex the King's affairs; 
 and what that party chiefly aim'd at, was, 
 that nothing proposed to the Houfe fliou'd 
 come to any iffue > whereupon the King, 
 growing weary of his Parliament, woud 
 be obliged to diffolve it : If this was 
 once cfFefted, they doubted not but they 
 and their friends fhould be chofen into 
 the next Parliament, This therefore 
 was the rcafon that the contention con- 
 cerning the rights of the Nobility being 
 
 not 
 
5^4 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 not yet laid aflecp, they renewM the 
 ancient one between the two Houfes, 
 concerning prerogatives and privileges. 
 A great and fierce engagement indeed! 
 and the mod memorable of all that ever 
 happened in Parliament. The former, 
 between Skinner and Bernardifton, which 
 began in the year i663, continued burn- 
 ing for a year and a half, before it was 
 extinguifh'd. But this, as it was more 
 lafting, fo it was carried on with more 
 contentions, and greater animofities, fo 
 that the Houfes, forgetting their dignity, 
 almoft proceeded to arms. But it began 
 thus : When the factious found them- 
 ielves out-voted in the Houfe of Lords, 
 concerning the oath that was to be im- 
 posed, and that they could no longer 
 hinder, but that it muft pafs into a Law, 
 they kindled this contention between 
 the Lords and Commons, that while 
 they were eagerly intent upon it, the 
 other might be drop'd. And it hap- 
 pen'd, even beyond their hopes, that 
 they not only deferred, but abfolutely 
 cdlroy'd the Bill: For when they began 
 
 to 
 
Of his own Time. 395 
 
 to be more warmly engaged in this new 
 debate, they all came to that refolution 
 of throwing out the queftion, left while 
 they were attacked from without, they 
 might be deftroy'd by divifions within. 
 Nor was the difpute that was rais'd, a- 
 bout a fmall matter, but concerning 
 the very higheft and moft valuable ju- 
 rifdiction belonging to the Houfe of 
 Lords, even the right of receiving Ap- 
 peals, which had been the chief prero- 
 gative of the Nobility from the earlieft 
 times that are mention'd in our Annals, 
 and had never been call'd in queftion 
 before. The matter was thus manag d 
 by the fa&ious in both Houfes : A caufe 
 being judg'd in the Court of Chancery, 
 between Sherley a Do&or of Phyfick, 
 and Fagg 9 a Member of the lower Houfe 
 (who were both Fanaticks s) Sherley, a- 
 gainft whom the fentence was given, 
 appealed to that fupreme Court, the 
 Houfe of Lords 5 and Fagg was cited 
 to plead his caufe. The matter being 
 communicated by him to the lower 
 Jioufe^ he was forbidden to appear: But 
 
 he 
 
3 5>£ Bp. Parker's History 
 
 he appear'd, and procur'd a longer time. 
 In the mean while, Sherley was order'd 
 into cuftody by the lower Houfe ; and 
 being taken by their Serjeant at Arms, 
 he was refcucd with violence and tu- 
 mult, by one of the Houfe of Peers, a 
 man of great power in the Fa&ion, who 
 tore the order of the Houfe of Com- 
 mons. The factious in the lower Houfe 
 complain'd of the violence done to their 
 authority. Their confederates in the up- 
 per Houfe cried out on the other hand, 
 that the thing was juftly done. They 
 on the contrary, came to a refolution, 
 that it was contrary to parliamentary 
 right, and not to be fuffer'd. But the 
 Peers vow'd that they would never de- 
 part from their right 5 that it was in 
 vain for the Commons to ftrive any 
 longer, for this was their perpetual re- 
 folution 5 That the Peers have an un- 
 doubted right to judge in matters of ap- 
 peal, altho' one of either Houfe Jhould be 
 concerned in the fuit y that there may be 
 719 flop or inter mijjion of juflice, even for 
 4 moment. The other Houfe pafs'd a 
 
 refolution 
 
Of his own Time. 3577 
 
 rcfolution contrary to this. Thus the 
 differences running very high, other new 
 appeals were daily brought by the fac- 
 tious 5 and the difpute arofe to quarrel- 
 ling and exclaiming, then to railing and 
 reproaching, and laftly, to anger and 
 hatred. But the chief mifdemeanour 
 that they charg'd each other with, was, 
 that they had dcfignedly deftroy'd the 
 mutual peace and concord between the 
 Houfes, that they might be of no ufe 
 or fcrvice for the future ; and that the 
 only thing which they aim'd at was to 
 provoke the King to diffolve the Par- 
 liament. But he knew too well their 
 defign, and therefore deferr'd it. They 
 ftill grew the more inflam'd, till at length 
 the Houfes forbid all conferences with 
 each other. Thus the Kingdom being 
 divided as it were into two Govern- 
 ments, each Houfe acted feparately, for- 
 bidding all corrcipondence with the o« 
 ther. The Peers gave judgment upon a 
 caufe > and the lower Houfe took the 
 Lawyers that pleaded the caufe before 
 them, together with the Appellant him- 
 
 felf, 
 
a<>8 Bp. Parke ks His tor V 
 
 felf, into cuftody. The Peers order'd 
 that they fhould be difchargd. Thus 
 every one that obey'd either, was cer- 
 tainly imprifond by the other. The 
 King interpos'd in thefe great divifions 
 and diftraftions of the Kingdom, and 
 defir'd them to refer the matter to him, 
 and promis'd that he would judge im- 
 partially : He told them that it was no 
 difficult difpute, but defignedly promoted 
 by feditious men, in both Houfes, which 
 he had given them an intimation of in 
 the beginning of the fellion ; and un- 
 lefs they took the utmoft care to difap- 
 point their defigns, all the ufe and au- 
 thority of Parliament would henceforth 
 be deftroy'd 5 therefore he exhorted them 
 to confult only the intereft of the King- 
 dom for the future, laying afide thefe 
 little unbecoming difputes. But the 
 more he endeavour'd to cool them, fo 
 much the more the flame increased 9 
 breaking out of the Houfes of Parlia- 
 ment, and fpreading among the people, 
 each Houfe as it were appealing to them, 
 by publifhing libels, Thus all hopes of 
 
 1 peace 
 
Of his own Time. 35*5* 
 
 peace being now cut off, the Parliament 
 was prorogued from the 9 th of ^June, 
 to the 1 3 th of the following OEiober. 
 Upon which day, when the Parliament 
 met, the King earneftly intreated them, 
 that at lead, deferring their contentions 
 about the matter in difpute, they would 
 firft con ful t for the good of the King- 
 dom, for he had immediate occafion 
 for a fupply for building of fhips. In 
 return to this, the factious were full of 
 complaints and grievances concerning 
 the growth of Atheifm, the French In- 
 tereft, and Popery. Thefe things muft 
 be firft amended, and the divine anger 
 appeas'd by publick fupplications, before 
 they could confult about the affairs of 
 the Kingdom. But the better part of 
 the Houie prevail'd, ordering a fupply 
 of three hundred thoufand pounds for 
 the building of twenty (hips of the firft 
 rate. But on the 1 9 th of October, when 
 the fa&ious faw that the refolutions in 
 the lower Houfe were likely to have a 
 profperous iffue, on a fudden Sherley% 
 caufe was flatted again in the upper ; 
 
 and 
 
/joo Bp. Parker's History 
 
 and was carried on with greater animo- 
 sity than before > for now the difpute 
 was not concerning the privileges of 
 Members of Parliament, but concern- 
 ing even the liberties of the Subje&s, 
 the difpute being chang'd into this ques- 
 tion, Whether there was any right of 
 appealing at all to the Houfe of Peers? 
 The Houfe of Commons, by a Refo- 
 lution publifh'd, declar'd there was none : 
 And if any one made an appeal, he was 
 a betrayer of the rights and liberties of 
 the Subjects of England, and ought to 
 be pimifhid as a Traitor. In the Houfe 
 of Lords they were divided into feve- 
 ral opinions ; fincerc and wcll-difpos'd 
 men were for putting off the difpute 
 for fix weeks, and for firft conftdering 
 of the great and important affairs of the 
 Kingdom 5 for there was an efpecial oc- 
 cafion for a fupply for building of fhips, 
 and a fleet muft be quickly fitted out, 
 othcrwife every thing at home and a- 
 broad would fuffer: For the Councils 
 about publick affairs had been fo long 
 obftru&ed by thefe private difpiites, to 
 1 the 
 
Op his own Time. 401 
 
 the incredible damage of publick affairs. 
 Thefe being once finifh'd, they might 
 purfue the other as they plcas'd. 
 
 But when the Faction, by continual 
 fpeaking, had protra&ed Sherlefs caufe 
 in the upper Houfe, the flame was con- 
 tinued in the lower Houfe, by the fame 
 induftry of their affbeiates, till all hopes 
 of accommodation between the Houfcs 
 were gone ; whereupon they mov'd in 
 the upper Houfe, to addrefs the King, 
 that he would difTolve the Parliament : 
 Firft, becaufe law and cuftom requir'd 
 the frequent callings of Parliaments: 
 Secondly, becaufe it feem'd unreafon- 
 able that a few men fhould claim to 
 themfelves alone, for fo many years, 
 the whole power over the people of 
 England. Laftly, becaulc it was found 
 that the long continuance of the fame 
 Parliament in power always tended to 
 diiCords and feditions; which (they laid) 
 they had too plainly found in the dif- 
 pute between Sherley and Fagg: And 
 that this was the reafon that all their 
 confultations were brought to no iffue. 
 Dd But 
 
4oi Bp. Parker's History 
 
 But when the majority were againft ad- 
 drc fling the King, the factious enter'd 
 their diflent in the Records of the Houfe. 
 There were fo great diforders rais'd in 
 both Houfes by the Confpirators, that 
 the King, provok'd at the bafenefs of 
 their proceedings, commanded the Par- 
 liament to be prorogued for a year and 
 three months. On the 15 th of Febru- 
 ary, 1676, the day appointed for their 
 meeting, the Parliament aflembled 5 and 
 the King, according to cuftom, graci- 
 oufly and courteoufly, but fomewhac 
 more earneftly, exhorted them to una- 
 nimity, and that they would not fuffer 
 their ancient differences to be renew'd, 
 for they were mean, and unbecoming 
 the dignity of Parliament, and not of 
 fuflicient moment to difturb the peace 
 of the Kingdom : And they ought in 
 the firft place to take care of that, and 
 not to confult upon any affair, till they 
 faw that was fafc and in good condi- 
 tion. He promis'd them every thing 
 that was good, if they would but agree 
 amongft thcmfclves : That he would 
 
 pais 
 
Of his own Time. 40 j 
 
 pafs whatfoever Laws they fhould mo- 
 deftly defire, for the fafer prefcrvation 
 of their Religion and Liberties. Laftly, 
 he call'd God and man to witnefs, that 
 he fhould be innocent and free from all 
 blame, if afterwards the publick inrereft 
 fhould fufFcr by difcords and feditions 
 between themfelves : But if they fhould 
 perfift in them, he would no longer bear 
 fuch clamours and fa&ious outrages. 
 The factious, when they were hardly 
 returned to the Houfe, did in a moment 
 make an aiTault upon the Parliament, 
 as if they had leaped out of a place of 
 ambufh : They laid, that the prorogation 
 had been continued beyond the year, 
 and by the Laws of England there ought 
 to be at leaft annual meetings of Par- 
 liament 5 and therefore being deferr'd 
 longer, they were diflolv'd 5 and it was 
 their duty voluntarily to difTolve them- 
 felves. At the lame time, a prodigious 
 rabble of people fill'd all the avenues to 
 the Houfe. Thefc were gather'd toge- 
 ther out of a ftreet call'd flapping, which 
 is inhabited by the refufe and dregs of 
 Dd 2 the 
 
404 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 the people, Porters, Seamen, Bargemen, 
 Butchers, Coblers, Curriers, Ropers, 
 and all kinds of ordinary Mechanicks, 
 even an immenfe multitude of men. 
 By their tumults and licentious noife at 
 the very doors of both Houfes, our fac- 
 tious mob-drivers thought they fhould 
 ftrike fuch a terror into the Parliament, 
 that they might rage with the greater 
 infolcnce within the Houfe. And if 
 they had happen d to have carried their 
 point, they had a mob ready to pro- 
 claim through the city with triumphant 
 fhouts and huzza's, that the Parliament 
 was diflblv'd : For it was the cuftom of 
 the Fa&ion frequently to call together 
 fuch aflemblies as thefe to enter into 
 confultations with them concerning pub- 
 lick affairs, and be prefent with them 
 at their feafts, that when they had been 
 (as it were) drenched in wine, they 
 might be enrag'd with greater zeal. By 
 which arts the Rebellion agai n ft Charles 
 the Firft was fet on foot and begun • 
 the footfteps of which they fo exactly 
 trod in, that they betray 'd the barren- 
 3 nefs 
 
Of his own Time. 405 
 
 ncfs of their wit and wifdom 5 for it 
 (hews a dull and heavy genius to invent 
 nothing new, and always to follow a 
 pattern 5 and it was altogether foolifh, 
 to dwell upon a thing fo well known, 
 and fo frefh in the memory of men. 
 Which thing alone, in my opinion, prc- 
 ferv'd the Government from new de- 
 ftruction, only becaufe it was deftroy'd 
 but a few years before. But the facti- 
 ous being fupported by fuch great num- 
 bers of their black guard, begun to de- 
 bate concerning the diffolution of the 
 Parliament, before they wou'd fuffer any 
 thing to be laid before the Houfe. The 
 Peers fo fharply refentcd this infolence 
 of the men, that they immediately or- 
 der'd them to beg pardon. And when 
 they refus'd, four of them were com- 
 mitted prifoners to the Tower (for as yet 
 no more had fliewn themfelves) and a- 
 mong thefe was the Earl of Shaftsbury. 
 Thefe were prifoners for a year, and 
 not fet at liberty till they had begg'd 
 pardon upon their knees. Their aflb- 
 ciates and accomplices in the lower 
 Dd 3 Houfc 
 
406 Bp. Parker's History 
 
 Houfe being fuddcnly terrified at this 
 example of the Peers, drop'd the ques- 
 tion, as if they laid down their arms. 
 A flop being fo feafonably put to fedi- 
 tion, not only perfect peace and tran- 
 quillity, but a lbbcr temper and difpo- 
 fition was renewed in the Parliament 5 
 a Tax of fix hundred thoufand pounds 
 being granted for the building of thirty 
 fhips 5 which, notwithstanding the King 
 had almcft in his pofleiTion, he with 
 difficulty kept, and not without a hard 
 ftruggle : for there was prefently rais'd 
 a difpute between the Houlcs, concern- 
 ing privileges and forms of words. This 
 the factious on both fides aggravated and 
 blew up into as great a contention as 
 they could. Which when the Peers faw 
 there would be no end to, they chofe 
 rather to recede from their power, than 
 not aflift and relieve the Kingdom in fo 
 great a nccciilty. This conceffion (that 
 it might not become a precedent) they 
 entred in their book of Records, April 
 the 16 th , tho' fome perfons oppofed it. 
 Neither was the difpute ended, thro' 
 
 the 
 
Of his own Time. 407 
 
 the contumacy of the Faction, till that 
 time. When the factious faw matters 
 ftand thus, they urg'd the King, the N 
 tion and the Parliament into war with 
 the French King : And indeed it was a 
 war not only not unjuft, but pious, and 
 even neceflary, and approv'd by all good 
 men ; and to which the King was be- 
 fore inclirAi of his own accord. The 
 Provinces of Flanders are fituated the 
 neareft to the Britijh lea $ thefe, as long 
 as they were a part of the Spanish do- 
 minions, were a defence to England a- 
 gainft a foreign enemy, as a tower or 
 caftle lying between; But the French 
 King had penetrated into thefe Provinces 
 by fudden and violent excurfions, tak- 
 ing many towns and cities : And there 
 was no enemy to oppofe the Conqueror. 
 The Spaniard was but in a very weak 
 condition to enter upon a war 5 for he 
 had neither foldiers nor money to pay 
 them. The 'Dutch being worn out with 
 a long courfe of wars, complain'd that 
 they were no longer able to bear it. 
 From the year 1665, the English had 
 D d 4 harrals'd 
 
40 8 Bp. Parkers History 
 
 harrafs'd them at fca; and from 1672,' 
 the French had broke in upon them by 
 land; making a treaty with England, 
 in 1674, they had from that time fought 
 feveral battles with the French, not ve- 
 ry fucccfsfully : Heavy taxes were rais'd 
 to pay their foldiers 5 neither did they 
 only bear the expences of their own 
 army, but paid half the charges of their 
 Allies. It was the King of England 
 alone, that was capable of reftoring and 
 giving life to their affairs, that had hi- 
 therto been declining, and almoft en- 
 tirely ruin'd. But he muft fpeedily in- 
 terpofe, otherwife a Province that could 
 now be defended, would afterwards be 
 conquered. Therefore the King was 
 pleas'd with fo juft, fo necefTary a war; 
 and he faid he would have undertaken 
 it before, if he had not wanted a fup- 
 ply for the war j which if they would 
 but allow, he would not defer it for 
 a day. They made him rich and plen- 
 tiful promifes, but gave not a farthing. 
 The King declar'd that he would not 
 proclaim war till they had granted him 
 
 a fup- 
 
Of his own Time. 405* 
 
 a fupply of fix hundred thoufand pounds 
 to pay his foldiers. They neither 
 granted nor denied it for the prefent ; 
 but deferr'd it to the next Seffion } May 2.1. 
 which being come, they declar'd that 
 they could grant no money, till they 
 were aflfur'd of the alliance being made 
 with the 'Dutch, and that the war was 
 undertaken. When this was done, they 
 would then at length confult of ways 
 and means 5 and if the King would a- 
 gree upon fuch terms of an alliance as 
 pleas'd them, then they would aflift him. 
 The King was fo provok'd at this new MayiS. 
 and unheard-of infolcnce, that he af- 
 fur'd them he would never bear fo great 
 an indignity; for the right of making 
 peace and war was in him alone, and 
 did not belong to them at all: That 
 this was without example, for the King 
 had not only a power to make what 
 alliances he pleas'd, but to make and re- 
 quire fuch conditions as he fhould think 
 fit : That if he once gave up this, he 
 fhould be no longer a King, but a Sub- 
 ject : That he fhould be accountable to 
 
 the 
 
4io Bp. Parker's History 
 
 the power of Parliaments : That he 
 
 fhould appear, as well among his owr* 
 
 fubje&s as foreigners, only to have the 
 
 (hadow, and an empty title of King,. 
 
 3^».i8. Hereupon the Parliament was put off, 
 16^8. ■ /. 1 . 1 
 
 by feveral prorogations, to another year : 
 
 And when they met again, the King firft 
 of all told them that he had made ar\ 
 alliance with the Tiutchy upon fuch 
 terms as pleas'd him, and then defir'd a 
 fpeedy fupply, equal to the charges of 
 the war : That lefs forces would not 
 be fufficient than a fleet of ninety (hips, 
 and an army of at lead thirty thoufand 
 men. If they would forthwith take care 
 of it, he did not queftion but he fhould 
 carry on the war fucccfsfully 5 but he 
 would never undertake it with but half 
 Jan. 23. a force. Nevertheless, they not only 
 proceed as before, but with much greater 
 prefumption detraft from the Royal 
 Dignity, refolving that no conditions 
 of peace fhould be entrcd into but thofe 
 that were agreed to in the Tyrenxan 
 Treaty: And then, that all correfpon- 
 dence with the French fhould be forbid- 
 den, 
 
Of his own Time. 41* 
 
 den, not only to the Confederates, but 
 to all the world ; but as to money to- 
 wards the charge of the war, not a word 
 was mention'd. The King being now 
 no longer able to bear their imperti- 
 nence and pcrverfenefs, in a threatning 
 manner admonifh'd them not to pro- 
 ceed, and declared that he would no 
 longer delay, for either they muft grant 
 his rcquefts without trifling, or he would 
 immediately relinquifh the war. Thus 
 at length he, with much ado, extorted 
 from them ( very much againft their 
 wills) that fuppiy which he had defir'd 
 for a whole year together, towards that 
 war which they themfeives had begun, 
 a fleet of ninety fhips being fitted out, 
 an army of thirty thouland men rais'd, 
 and a tax of a million of money al- 
 low'd towards the war. The factious 
 wifh'd for nothing more than that the 
 war mould not be ended : For thus they 
 always pretended loyalty to the King, 
 firft, that by large promifes they might 
 pufh him into a war, and then, when 
 he was involv'd in it, and diftrefs'd by 
 3 want 
 
4ii Bp. Parker's History 
 
 want of money, they might deliver him 
 up, as a prey to his enemy 5 which at 
 the fame time was done, as far as was 
 in their power : For having granted that 
 fupply to begin the war, they prefently 
 demanded that all trade with France 
 fhould be forbidden for three years; by 
 which the King loft more in his cuftoms, 
 than he got by the fupply ; for befides 
 that the King of France rcveng'd this 
 Interdict, by forbidding all trade with 
 Great Britain for ten years, heavier du- 
 ties were laid upon French goods, whe- 
 ther the natural produd of the country, 
 or their manufactures, becaufe they moft 
 commonly ferve not fo much for the 
 neceflaries of human life, as luxury and 
 pleafure; fuch as are wine, brandy, ftlks 
 and linen, the cuftoms of which are eve- 
 ry year computed at three hundred thou- 
 f and pounds. Thus at length, they ma- 
 nag'd the affair by this new ftratagem, 
 that both fhould be pafs'd by the fame 
 law, fo that if the King received the 
 fupply, he muft lofe his cuftoms ; for he 
 had it not in his power to divide them, 
 
 but 
 
Of his own Time. 41 j 
 
 but muft either pafs or rejed both. As 
 this cuftom of tacking laws begun at 
 this time, by which things contrary or 
 different are enacted by the fame Law, 
 fo it alfo ended now 5 for the King May 13. 
 forbad the fame the next feflion. Nor 
 was this only then attempted, but they 
 pafs'd another Law concerning clothes, 
 that it (hould be lawful to wear only 
 woolen, and thofe made at home, for 
 the half of every year 5 by which there 
 would be a greater lofs not only of the 
 cuftoms, but of trade it felf; wherefore 
 the Peers reje&cd it, when it was pafs'd 
 by the lower Houfe, as far as was in 
 their power. But now the war being 
 begun, and an alliance made with the 
 *Dutch upon honourable terms, the fub- 
 ftance of which was this, That there 
 fhould be perpetual peace and amity be- 
 tween the King of Great Britain and 
 the States General : That both fhould 
 have the fame friends and enemies: That 
 they (hould not lay down their arms, 
 but by common confent, nor treat of 
 peace feparately : That they fhould with 
 
 joint 
 
414 Bp. Parker's History 
 joint forces endeavour to bring the Ca- 
 tholick and Moil Chriftian Kings to a 
 peace : That firft of all the French fhou'd 
 reftore to the Spaniard all the places in 
 Flanders that were taken in the wars, 
 and to the German Princes, efpecially 
 the city of Friburgh, and the other ci- 
 ties and towns in the Province of Brif- 
 gaw-, and then that Lorrain fhou'd be 
 reftor'd entire to its Duke : And if either 
 of the Kings fhou'd refufe the terms 
 which the King of Great Britain mould 
 offer, then he fhould be fore'd to it by 
 arms. The King joyfully gave an ac- 
 count of the matter being fo well tranf- 
 aftcd and confulted to his Parliament : 
 But they immediately, contrary to every 
 one's expedations, declar'd that the al- 
 liance by no means pleas'd them, and 
 was contrary to the intereft of the King- 
 dom. Upon this, the King being in- 
 cenfed with anger and indignation, two 
 days after, by a meflage, commanded 
 them to forbear this perverfenefs. Ne- 
 verthelefs they went on, and made re- 
 peated complaints of evil Counsellors, 
 
 even 
 
Of his own Time. 4iy 
 
 even to the reproach of the King him- 
 felf. The King being more highly pro- 
 vok'd, hardly gave them any anfwer, 
 but ask'd them whether they were mad ; 
 for their unufual boldnefs and infolence 
 was fuch, that he did not know b^r 
 what name to call it. Hereupon the 
 Parliament was prorogued for a fort- 
 night. 
 
 But at the fame time that the 'Dutch 
 had drawn the King of Great Britain 
 into an alliance, in order to a war, as 
 if they had combin'd with our fa&ion at 
 home, they treated of a feparate peace 
 with the French. And whereas at the 
 fame time there was a treaty about a 
 quadruple alliance, between rhe Empe- 
 ror, the Spaniard, the Engltjh and the 
 *Dutch y an Embaflador of the States was 
 fent for that purpofe into England-, at 
 firft he wanted power, and then, after 
 a long delay, inftrudions for treating 
 were prefcribed to him 5 and thus the 
 time was protraded till they had made 
 a feparate treaty with the French 5 for 
 the French hearing of the preparations 
 
 for 
 
4-ig Rp. Parker's History 
 
 for war from England, voluntarily fent 
 terms of peace to the Congrefs at Ni~ 
 meguen> for the 'Dutch* whom he knew 
 to have been long weary of the war* 
 The reft of the Confederates were pro- 
 vok'd at the bafenefs of the conditions. 
 The 'Dutch alone feem'd to comply. 
 Hereupon there immediately appear'd a 
 new face of things, when they who 
 were the firft in the war, were the firft 
 that fued for a peace. Therefore the 
 Confederates complain'd in vain of the 
 firft alliance, and the King of England 
 of his laft ; (by both which it was un- 
 lawful to make a feparate peace.) But 
 the Dutch would have a peace upon a- 
 ny terms, if they could but live 5 and 
 the French King would have the Confe- 
 deracy broken at any rate, fince the 
 King of England was come into it. 
 Things (landing thus abroad, when there 
 was at the fame time a revolt of the 
 factious from the King at home, the in- 
 tereft of the Confederates bein°; weak- 
 ned by this frefli wound, was fpeedi- 
 ly ruind. For the Dutch pretending to 
 
 have 
 
Of his own Time, 4 x 7 
 
 have loft all hope of a ill fiance from the 
 Englifb, haften'd to finifh the peace 
 which they had defign'd : And the French 
 King was in as much hafte to bring the 
 matter to an end, which was fo rafhiy 
 begun, that they might not have time 
 to change their minds. By this appa- 
 rently ludicrous change of affairs, the 
 King of England was fo provok'd, that 
 he complain d to the Parliament of the May 23. 
 war being firft begun at their impor- 
 tunate requefl, and now made a jeft of 
 by them, to the prejudice not only of 
 him, but of all the Confederate Princes; 
 that he was afham'd of fuch diihonour- 
 able trifling and inconftancy in his fub- 
 je6rs5 and that whatsoever mould hap- 
 pen, the blame mould not lie upon him. 
 Laftly, he advifed them to confider, 
 what peace there was likely to be expect- 
 ed, fince the alliance was diffolv'd, which 
 could hardly be renew'd between fo ma- 
 ny Princes. If the c Dutch > having vio- 
 lated their treaties, make a feparate peace, 
 they will plead our inconftancy in their 
 defence : For they will fay that they 
 E e made 
 
4i 8 Bp. Park e r's Hi st o r y 
 
 made the alliance, being drawn in by 
 your promifes, that you would never be 
 wanting towards the charges of the war, 
 till the Moil Chriftian King fhould be 
 fore d to a juft peace : But now, when 
 they found all your counfels chang'd in- 
 to quarrels and difputes about Religion, 
 and that no iupply would be given till 
 they were ended (altho* they will never 
 have an end :) When they hear that the 
 Royal Prerogative is violated by your 
 bold demands, which are intolerable and 
 mod injurious; what wonder is it (fays 
 he) if all hope of afllftance from Eng- 
 land being gone, upon whofe will and 
 pleafure almoft all the hope and fortune 
 of Europe depended, as long as through 
 your means there was concord at home, 
 they mould procure a peace upon what 
 terms they could, while peace was to 
 be obtain d ! Which being once done, 
 the Confederates on all hands wou'd be 
 difpers'dj the Spaniard could not fup- 
 p ort Glanders ; neither could the Empe- 
 ror, the "Dutch and Spaniard being gone 
 off, be an equal match for the enemy; 
 3 much 
 
Op his own Time. 4 i p 
 
 much lefs could Lorrahi, ^Deyimark and 
 Brandenbitrgh 5 but mud accept of what- 
 ever terms he fhall plcaie to impofe up- 
 on the vanquifh'd. If therefore the peace 
 of Europe fhould be fnatch'd away, 
 when they had it almoft in their hands, 
 the fault would be in them alone : For 
 the firfl failure was in them 5 which be- 
 ing once begun, all the Confederates 
 would fall off, one after another 5 there- 
 fore they lhould either never have entred 
 into the war, or have carried it on longer. 
 But as the matter was manag'd by them, it 
 was both a jeft and an injury to all Eu- 
 rope. Before this, every one could have 
 treated and made terms for himfelf 3 but 
 now, each of them were expos'd fingle 
 as a prey to the Conqueror, and muft 
 fubmit to his conditions. Neither had 
 they only betray'd their Allies, but alfo 
 thcmfelvcs; for a very powerful King 
 was now provok'd againft them, and they 
 could not be a match for him fingle, 
 without their Confederates, much lcfs 
 when they were divided at home. But 
 wftatfoever misfortunes fhould arife either 
 E c 2 to 
 
4io Bp. Parkers History 
 
 to them or their Allies, he indeed fhould 
 bear his fhare of the mifery, but they 
 would bear all the difgrace 3 therefore he 
 exhorted them to make a (land, at leaf! a 
 little while, for all things look'd towards 
 peace 5 there was a cefTation of arms a- 
 greed to, which he doubted not would 
 end in a peace, provided they would in 
 the mean time be true to themfelves, 
 and ftand to their arms; for honourable 
 conditions were not to be expected, but 
 with fword in hand : Therefore the fleet 
 was not to be laid up, nor the army 
 disbanded, neither would he difcharge 
 them, till the peace was made. After 
 thefc things were fpoke, they immedi- 
 
 Mayij. ately, on that very day, refolv'd that the 
 King fhould either dire&ly open the war, 
 or disband the army. But he declar'd, 
 that he would not fuflfer it, till the time 
 agreed on for a ceilation of arms was 
 expired •■> and rcquir'd money for to pay 
 
 May 30. the troops. They, on the next day of 
 their fitting, demanded that all the forces 
 fhould be immediately disbanded. Here- 
 upon the King was more provok'd, and 
 
 charg'd 
 
Of his own Time. 42.1 
 
 charg'd them with frefh .perverfenefs, 
 concerning the forces that were trans- 
 ported to Flanders, and told them he 
 would not deal fo bafely with his Allies, 
 as to give up the cities and towns that 
 were committed to his protection, till 
 they could fend new forces to defend 
 them j for that would be not only deferr- 
 ing the places, but betraying his truft. 
 Hereupon they allow'd the forces in I lan- 
 ders a month's pay. But they again more 
 eagerly demanding that they fhould be 
 disbanded, the King, while the peace was j ttnc , 
 yet uncertain and fluctuating, made an- 
 fwer, that he would difcharge neither the 
 fleet nor the army, let them clamour 
 never fo much 5 for it wou'd be an eter- 
 nal difgrace to the Englijh Nation, to 
 make Co hazardous an experiment, bare- 
 ly to fave a little money ; and it would 
 be an unprecedented thing to lay down 
 their arms before their interefts were 
 fettled by a peace : And if the forces 
 were disbanded, the enemy would im- 
 pofe what conditions he pleas'd : And 
 if he thought it his intereft, as foon as 
 
 he 
 
\xi Bjp. Parker's History 
 
 he heard that the army was disbanded, 
 he would immediately break off the 
 peace : That if this opportunity was once 
 loft, it could never afterwards be recall'd ; 
 for to be defencelefs, would be the fame 
 thing as to be vanquifh'd : And that the 
 intereft of Europe y which had been pre- 
 ferv'd with fo much labour and diffi- 
 culty, would be deftroy'd by their neglect : 
 That he would never defert his Allies, but 
 would either make a juft peace or carry 
 on the war : Laftly, whether they would 
 grant a fupply or not, fince he had hi- 
 therto carried on the matter fo fuccefs- 
 fully, that he would finifh it by his arms, 
 if he could not by his counfcls. The Par- 
 liament, on the other hand, refolv'd to 
 give a fupply to pay off the army, and 
 
 luns is- no more. Yet in the mean time, mat- 
 ters daily inclining more to a peace, the 
 King continued to tell them that the 
 army fhould not be disbanded : For the 
 
 jxnc 18. Spaniard, altho' the peace was made, woud 
 not be able to maintain Flanders: Unlefs 
 we were a fafe-guard to it, it would be 
 expos'd as a prey to every enemy : That 
 
 he 
 
Of hi s own Tim e, 413 
 
 he would not defcrt it for the fake of 
 any expence, coft what it would : If he 
 had not hitherto defended it, it had been • 
 certainly taken before : That he would 
 advife them only to conftder, that the 
 city ofOftendis in poflcflion of the French y 
 wherein was a fleet of forty (hips, in a 
 mod commodious harbour, fttuated over- 
 againfl the mouth of the Thames. What 
 would not they give to remove fo dread- 
 ful an enemy to a greater diftancc ? Let 
 them confider how great a glory it is to 
 the Englifh Nation, to have rais'd an army 
 of thirty thoufand men, and a fleet of 
 ninety fhips, in the fpace of forty days : 
 That upon this the whole fortune of Eu~ 
 rope was chang'd in a moment ! If there- 
 fore they had any regard to the majefty of 
 his Crown at home, if they had any value 
 for a fuperiority of power amongft fo- 
 reigners, in publick affairs 5 if they wifli'd 
 to have the war with the Algerine Pirates 
 profperoufly ended 5 if they defir'd any 
 tranquillity for the remainder of their life, 
 if they had any regard to the truft that he 
 fliould henceforward repofe in Parlia- 
 ments, 
 
4M Bp. Parker's History 
 
 ments, they ought to allow the ufual (ap- 
 plies to his Exchequer, not only for a time, 
 but for ever, adding withal a new tax of 
 three hundred thoufand pounds ; other- 
 wile the King of England would never be 
 able to fupport the neceflary expences of 
 his government. To thefe things they 
 made no anfwer, but that they would ne- 
 ver give the fum that was dcfir'd. One 
 hundred and forty five voted for giving it ; 
 two hundred and two voted againft it. So 
 far did the factious exceed the honeft men 
 in number. Therefore there was nothing 
 farther done, than allowing fix hundred 
 thoufand pounds for disbanding the army ; 
 which yet they hardly and with great ftrug- 
 gles brought to effeft, the ufual difputes 
 being daily rais'd between the Houfes, to 
 hinder all their confultations. But at 
 length the tax being granted on the 2 5 th of 
 July, the Parliament was prorogued, firft 
 to the i ft of Auguft-, thence to the 29 th , 
 thence to the i ft of O£lober y and then to 
 the 2 i ft ; at which time the King acquaint- 
 ed the Parliament with Oat ess confpiracy. 
 
 The End of the fourth Book. 
 

 f 4M ) 
 
 THE 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 ACT of Comprchenfion. See Henoticon. 
 Aft of Indemnity or Oblivion, 4. 11. 
 Aft of Indulgence, 313. 13. 
 Aft again!! the Papifts, and an Act of Oblivion 
 
 procur'd by Shaftsbury, 322. 18. 
 AH of Queen Elizabeth againft Conventicles re* 
 
 viv'd and cnlarg'd, 87. 26. 88. 1. 
 Aft of Uniformity. See Uniformity. 
 Aire, a city of Artois, taken by Marefchal De Htc- 
 
 miers, 184. 1,2. 
 Aix la Chapelle, the peace made there between the 
 
 Spaniard and the French, 163. 16, t 7. 
 Albemarle (Duke of) fortifies Shrewsbury, Coven- 
 try andBriftol, againlt the Rebels, 20. 1,2. Pre- 
 vents the Confpiracy that was arifing from the 
 preaching of the Schifmaticks, 94. f. His En- 
 gagement with the Dutch Fleet, 102.4. 
 Akien (Philip) an old Rebel difcovers the Confpi- 
 
 F f racy 
 
The Ikdex. 
 
 racy that went forward in Ireland, to Vernon an 
 Officer of the King's, 68.12. 
 
 Alexander, an old Soldier in Cromwell's army head 
 of the Confpiracy, 95*. 7, II- Behav'd himfelf 
 bravely in Cromwell's Rebellion 96. 13. Being 
 a Colonel of Horfe in Monmouth's Rebellion, 
 was one of the firft that fled, 96. 21. 
 
 Algerines, the EngUjh and Dutch purfue them with 
 their confederate fleets, 86. 11, 12. 
 
 Alliance between the French and Dutch again ft Eng- 
 land, 1 01. 7, 8. A triple Alliance between the 
 Englijh, Swede and Dutch, againft the French, 
 131. 1 f. 149- 2 5'- The caufes of the violation of 
 the triple Alliance, and of making an Alliance 
 with the French againft the Dutch, 145-. 4. An 
 Alliance between the Emperor, the Spaniard, and 
 the Dutch, againft the French ; the Princes that 
 acceded to it, and the Generals of the confede- 
 rate Armies, from 164. 25-. to \6g. 4. 174. 13, 
 Alliance between the Engltjh and Dutch, 199. 13. 
 Alliance between the German and Pole againft 
 the lurks, 290. 12. 
 
 Alva (Duke of) by his feverity provokes the Dutch 
 to rebel, 308. 11, 12. 
 
 Amboina, the Dutch cruelty there, 146. 23. 
 
 A 'mnefty, or Indemnity. SecAfi. 
 
 Anabaptifts in Lincolnjhire, 14. 25^ 26. A part of 
 the a/Fembly of fix, 5-5-. 22. 
 
 Anni Mirabilcs, 26. f. 
 
 Appealing, (the right of) 400 7, 8, 
 
 Arcadius. See Honor his. 
 
 Atheifm, the factious complain of the increafe of 
 
 ft, 399-ij- 
 
 Athol 
 
The Index. 
 
 AtUl (Earl of) diftinguifli'd himfelf in battle againft 
 
 the Rebels, 114.22. 
 Atkinfon, a carrier of letters to and fro between 
 
 the Confpirators, 81,16. 
 Audley, one of the Officers of the Rebel Army, 
 
 7f?f- 
 
 BA'ms, Baker, Bampficld, Rebels, 71.23. 61. 12 
 100. 19. 
 
 Balduin. See Thuamis. 
 
 Bar chin Fadion, inveterate enemies to the name or 
 Kings, 148. 15*, 16. 
 
 Baron, one of the Rebel Chiefs, 75-. 4. 
 
 Barrow, of the Furitan Faction, executed, 67. 7. 
 
 Battle between the Swede and Brandenburgh, for 
 Pomerania, 214. 16. 
 
 Battle (a doubtful) with the French and Dutch,, 
 Prince Rupert and the Duke of Albemarle being 
 Admirals of the King's Fleet, 102. 103. Ano- 
 ther with the Dutch, more fortunate to the Eng- 
 lifh, 103. 13. A bloody Battle at fea between 
 the Englijh and Dutch, the Duke of York com- 
 manding on one fide, and Reuter on the other, 
 15*0. 17. Between the Dane and Swede, at Mal- 
 moe, 217. 218. a Battle at fea between them, 
 219. 5". 
 
 Bernardiflon. See Skinner. 
 
 Beverning, EmbalTador from the States, 200. 26. 
 
 Blake, Admiral of the Rebels Fleet, 60.19. Com- 
 par'd with Tromp, 125*. 8. Blood and Bond, Re- 
 bels, 69. 19. 70. 21. Borell, Embaifador from 
 the States General to the King of Great Britain, 
 159. 13. F f 2 Branden- 
 
Th e Index. 
 
 Brandcnburgh (Eledtor of) accedes to the Enghjh 
 Alliance, 150.5. 168.21. General of the con- 
 federate Army againft the Swedes, 174. 18. Join- 
 ing forces with the Dane, invades the Swedijh 
 borders, 215'. 16. Takes Wolgafl, a city of the 
 hither Pomcrania, by furrender, 2 if. 24, 25*. Be- 
 fieges and takes Stetin, 219. 23. 223. 1. Defeat- 
 ing the Swedes, takes Straelfund and Gripfwald* 
 makes an incurfion into Prujfia, and routs the 
 Swedes in three battles, 227. 7, 16. Sending Em- 
 balTadors to Ratisbon, protefts againft the peace 
 that was made without his confent, and by let- 
 ters complains to the Dutch, 230. 13. 231. f. 
 
 Br'tdgman made Chancellor after Clarendon, and at 
 length gently laid afide, 323. 9, 10. 32^. 20. 
 
 Britain {Great) its convenient fituation, 280.13,14. 
 
 Brunfwick (Duke of) accedes to the Englijh Alli- 
 ance, 16S. 18. 
 
 Buchanan, his book concerning the right of the 
 Kingdom of Scotland, forbidden by lav/, 89. 20= 
 90.2. 
 
 CAlvinifls, their infolence occafion'd dreadful 
 llau ghters in France, 35-5*. 17. 
 Cambray, a city of Hainault, taken by the King of 
 
 trance, 191. 17. 
 Carr, one of the Officers of the Rebel Army, 72.4. 
 
 W-.8- 
 
 Cafal (the city) taken by the French, 286. 18. 
 Celefline (Pope) firft compelled the Sectaries to hold 
 their meetings in private houfes, 306. 6. 
 
 4 Chambers^ 
 
The I n d e x. 
 
 Chambers , a Rebel, 70. 22. 
 
 Charier oy, a fortrefs ill Flanders, befieg'd by the 
 Prince of Orange, and the fiege of it raib'd by 
 the Duke of Luxemburg}}, 192. 20, 16. 
 
 Charles the Firlt, his charge to his fob, to be de- 
 liver'd to him by Sheldon, 5*1. 19. f'2.1. 
 
 Charles the Second, intercedes with the States that 
 his nephew the Prince of Orange may be reftor'd 
 to the honours of his family, 247. 21. How 
 great the happinefs of the Kingdom Was, when 
 Charles II. was reftor'd, from 1, to 5*. 
 
 Chambers, a Rebel, 70. 22. 
 
 Charnock, a Rebel, recommended by John Owen 
 to be Chaplain to Henry Cromwell, lent by the 
 Irijh Confpirators to London, changing his name 
 into Clark, long prefided in a large Conventicle 
 at London, 7',7 2 - 
 
 Chimney-Tax, 144.18. 
 
 Chriflianjlad, a Town in Blek'wg, a Province be- 
 longing to the Danes, is taken by the Swedes^ 
 226. 13. 
 
 Clarendon (Earl of) being attack'd by Shaflsbury, 
 is banifh'd, 129. 8. 
 
 Cole, a Confpirator, 66. 9. 95*. 5*. 
 
 Comprehenfion. See Henothon. 
 
 Conde (Prince of) his Battle with the Prince of 
 Orange, 170.9. 
 
 Conde (the city of) taken by the French, 182. 20. 
 
 Coningfmark, General of the S-wediJh Army, makes 
 a defcent upon the I fie of Kugen, and routs the 
 
 " Danes, 225". 3. Defends the city of Straelfund 
 befieg'd by Brandenburgh, 227. 8. 
 
 F f 3 Conspiracy 
 
The Index. 
 
 Coufpiraey (a) form'd to furprize the Towers of 
 
 London and IVindfor, and difcover'd, 9. 4. Con- 
 ipiracy of the Fanaticks, 14.3. Form'd at Chef- 
 ier, 15-, 7. Difcover'd by Jellico, a Quaker, 
 15-. 21. Prevented by the Earl of Derby, 16. 2. 
 The Parliament acquaints the King that the Con- 
 fpiracy was difcover'd by letters from feveral 
 Counties, 18. 12. A Confpiracy of fix Schif- 
 maticks, $•$•. 21. is difcover'd, 57. 15". Con- 
 fpirators, fome of them fuffer'd, others begg'd 
 pardon, and obtain'd it, 57. 20, 21. The names 
 of the principal Confpirators, 5*7.24. 60. 16. 61. 
 11, 12. Confpirators, their confeffion, 61. 9. 
 Confpirators, their feign'd letters concerning a 
 Popilh Maflacre, 5-9. 1. Confpiracy, the words 
 of it, and the engagement entred into, to kill the 
 King, and how the faid Confpiracy was difap- 
 poirsted, 61.19. 62.4. TheFactious form a new 
 Confpiracy ; the libels that they publifh in order 
 to it, 66. 7, 1 1 . Confpiracy (an Irijh) at Dublin, 
 difcover'd by Alden, 68. 12. Confpirators, the 
 names of them, 69. 14. A correspondence car- 
 ried on between the Irijh Confpirators, and their 
 affociates in London, Scotland, and Holland, by 
 means of Charnock and other meffengers palling 
 between them, 72. 2, s- The caufes of the war 
 declar'd by them, 72. i^. Confpiracy, the proofs 
 and witneffes of it, 74. 11. The names of the 
 Officers appointed to command the army of the 
 Schifmaticks, 75-. 4. Confpiracy in the Northern 
 pans of England, about Famly Grove, near the 
 Town of Leeds, under Thomas Oates the leader, 
 difcover'd by the information of Ralph and Sa- 
 muel 
 
The Index. 
 
 ynuel Oates, 78. 79. Confpiracy ; the princi- 
 pal contrivers of it were the Presbyterians 
 that were ejected on St. Bartholomew; and e- 
 fpecially Richardfon above the reft ; the names 
 of the other Confpirators, 80.9. 81. 7. Con- 
 ipiracy difcover'd by Smithfon and Greatkead 
 to the Governour of York, and communicated 
 by the King to the Parliament, 82. 1, 2, 18. 
 Confpirators communicate their defigns to the 
 Dutch, 92. 25". A new confpiracy arifes from 
 the feditious preacing of the Schifmaticks, and 
 is prevented by the vigilance of the Duke of Al- 
 bemarle, 93, 18. 945". Confpirators refolve to 
 burn London, being mov'd to it by Lily's pre- 
 diction, 94. 21, 22. The chiefs of the confpi- 
 racy are punilh'd with death, 95-. 3. Confpi- 
 racy. {Scotch) See the Scots. Teckelfs confpi- 
 racy, 214. 6. ata's confpiracy, 214. 7. The 
 Lovniftein Confpiracy, 24^, 256. The Po- 
 pijb, 385- 11. The Meffwefe. See Meffwefe. 
 Conscience. See Liberty. 
 
 Conft amine the Great, being compcll'd to it by the 
 War with Licimus, recalls the Donatifts from 
 banifhment, and leaves to the Novatians their 
 own Churches, 303. 19. 304. 5*. 
 Convocation, or fynod of the Clergy, fummon'd 
 by the King's Writ, makes fome little alterations 
 in the Liturgy according to the different Circum- 
 ftances of Times, 26. 11. 27. 3. 
 Cooper, {AJhley) afterwards Earl of Sbaftsbtiry , 
 flrft Commiffioner of the Treafury, 129. 2, 3. 
 Is accused of Treafon, 130. 10. See Shaftsbury^ 
 Cormack and Cox Rebels, 71. 22, 23. 
 
 F f 4 Cottere! 
 
The Index. 
 
 Cotter el {Charles) is kill'd in an Engagement with 
 the Dutch, 15-2. 24. 
 
 Covenant (the folemn Scotch) the word of Battle, 
 113. 14. 
 
 Crequi (Marfhal) coming to raife the Siege of 
 Triers, is overcome by the Duke of Lor rain, 
 and the Confederates, 178. 15-, 18. Fights a Bat- 
 tle with Staremburgh, 194. 23. 
 
 Cromwell makes an Alliance with the States, on 
 condition, That the Prince of Orange fhould not 
 be reftor'd to the dignity of his Anceftors, 247.6. 
 
 Cromwell, {Henry) one of the commanders of the 
 Rebel Army, 75-. 7. 
 
 Cromwell's Army, 60 Officers of it, 7. 18. Fif- 
 teen Officers of Cromwell's Faction taken in 
 Wales, 16. 21. 
 
 Crookjloanks and Mac-Conmack, two leaders and 
 preachers of the Rebels, fall in the Battle that 
 was fought againft Drummond, ill. 20, 21. 
 
 DANVERS, an Anabaptift Rebel, 11, 7. 
 Dane (the) brings affiftance to Brandenburgh 
 againft the Swedes, 174. 23. Makes an Incur- 
 fion into the Swedijb borders, 215*. 19. Takes 
 Wifmar, a City of the Dutchy of Mecklemburgh, 
 
 216. 18. Befieges Malmoe, a City of Schonen, 
 
 217. 2. Engages in a Sea-Fight with the Swede, 
 219. 5-. Makes a defcent upon Rugen, together 
 with Brandenburgh, 226. 22. 
 
 Darrel, an old Officer under Charles the firft, gives 
 ... a repulfc to the Dutch when they land upon the 
 Coafts of Suffolk, 126, 127. 
 
 Derby, 
 
The Ind ex. 
 
 Derby, (Earl of) 15-, 16. 
 
 Desborow, Qohn) a Rebel, 10c. 23. 
 
 De IVits. See Wits, 
 
 Deyell and Drummond, Scots, being banifh'd in Crow- 
 -well's time, fly into Mufcovy, 10 f. 14,18. Charles 
 the Second recalling them, they return to their 
 native Country, and are fent againft the Scotch 
 Conlpirators, ic6. 4. Drummond with an hun- 
 dred Horfe rights againft three hundred Rebels, 
 in. 16, 17. Deyell relieves Ogilby and the 
 King's Forces when they are diftrefs'd, 112. 3. 
 Deyell and Drummond admitted into the Privy 
 Council, 114. 8. 
 
 Digby, Son of the Earl of Brijlol, is kill'd in a 
 Sea-Fight againft the Dutch, iyt. 10. 
 
 Dolman, a Rebel, 127. 20. 
 
 Drummond. See Deyell. 
 
 Dutch (the) enter into the meafures and counfels 
 of the Englijh Rebels, and receive feveral of them, 
 and advance them to the higheft Offices of State, 
 92. 25*. 93. 3. Dutch and French, their Alli- 
 ance againft England, 101. 7. The Dutch pub- 
 liih falfe reports of the Englijh Ships being de- 
 ftroy'd, 103. They fly in a lecond Battle, 103. 
 13. At the very time when the Peace was treat- 
 ed of at their own requeft, they treacherously 
 furpriz'd the Englijh Fleet in the Harbour at 
 Chatham. 123, 124. The Dutch Admirals com- 
 pared with the Englijh, 124, 12?. Dutch Alliance 
 With the Englijh and Swede againft the French, 
 131. iy. Dutch Smyrna Fleet, 144. I. Their 
 hatred of the Englijh, and their pride, 145*. 14, 
 148. 11. Dutch Republick, what it is, 14)". 11. 
 
 The 
 
The Index. 
 
 The Dutch beg for peace of the King of Great- 
 Britain, and obtain it, 15-7. 20. Dutch Alliance 
 with England, 199. 13. with the French, 203. 
 20. Their new Alliance with the EngHJh, all 
 agreement with the French being canceled, 204. 
 2r. A peace prefently fign'd between the French 
 and the Dutch, both the Confederates, and the 
 Englife Mediators refenting it, 206. 1. 3. 6. 
 A war between the Dutch and the Bilhop of 
 Munfler^ 248. 9, 10. 
 
 EDICT of Nantz, the Calvinijls abufe it, 357. 
 12. Perpetual Edicl againft the Family of 
 
 Orange, 248. 26. 249. I. Is repeal'd 2^8. 26. 
 
 25-9. 1. 
 Elizabeth, (Queen) her Law againft Conventicles, 
 
 88. 1, 2. 
 Enthufiafts (a Rabble of forty) under Venner their 
 
 leader, 11. 17, 18. 
 Evans, a Rebel, 29. 4. 
 Exchequer empty, and opprefs'd with a heavy debt, 
 
 139. 20, 21. Shut up, 141. 5*. 
 
 FAclious (a) Rabble from the Street call'd Wap- 
 ping, befet the Parliament-Houfe, 403. 25-. 
 Four of the Factious refufing to ask Pardon, 
 were fent Prifoners to the Tower, 40 j*. 19. 
 
The Ind ex. 
 
 Fagg. See Sherley. 
 
 Famly Grove, near the Town of Leeds, where the 
 Northern Rebels appeared in Arms, 78. 17. 
 
 Fay maintains the City of Phtlipsburgh when it is 
 befieg'd, 187. 4. Is prefented by Herman, Prince 
 of Baden, with a Sword fet with Diamonds, 
 188. 18. Receives the Government of Brifack 
 from the King, 189. 15-. 
 
 Fifth-monarchy Men, f$. 23. 
 
 F'tjher and Flint Rebels, 81. 7. 95*. 4. 
 
 Flag, the honour of it, due to thzEngUJh, 161. 22. 
 163. 1, 2. 
 
 Flanders, payment of the Forces there continued* 
 42 1. 10. 
 
 Foukes, one of the Officers of the Rebel Army? 
 difcovers the Confpiracy, 74. 14. 
 
 French King, his Power, 131. if. 148. 7. 149. 
 17, 18. He proclaims war againfl the Provinces 
 of Flanders, claiming it as his wife's dowry, 131. 
 if. 132. 1. His fuccefs againfl the Dutch, i^o. 
 114. Obtains a truce between the Swede 
 and Brandenburgh, 228. 13. making an incurfion 
 into the Dominions of Brandenburgh, forces him 
 to accept of the terms of peace ; and compels 
 the Dane, by threatning to lay wade the county 
 of Oldenburgh, a part of the Danifi Dominions, 
 229. 14. Penetrates into the very bowels of the 
 United Provinces, 25-0. 11. 
 
 French Interefl and Popery ; the Fa&ious complain 
 of both, 379. 26. 380. 1. 
 
 Furftembergh (Prince of) 200. 1. 
 
 George^ 
 
The Index, 
 
 G 
 
 GEorge, (Prince) together with his Brother the 
 King of Denmark, befieges Malmoe, 217, 218. 
 
 Ghent, a City or Flanders, taken by Humiers, 193. 19. 
 
 Gibbs, the Gibbs's Brethren, Gladman, Rebels, 72.4, 
 61, 12. 17. 10. 
 
 Grace, a blafphemous Form of it us'd by Robinfon, 
 no. 2. 
 
 Graef (James de) attempting to kill John de IVits^ 
 is beheaded, 25*5'. 19, 20. 
 
 Gray, a leader of a Scotch Tumult, carries Turner 
 away Prifoner, 108. 26. 
 
 Greathead, formerly Lambert's Lt. Colonel, a dif- 
 coverer of the Confpiracy, 82. 2. 
 
 Gripfwald , a City of Pomerania. Brandenburgh 
 takes it, 227. n. 
 
 Guiney, the villany of the Dutch upon that Coaft, 
 86, 18. 
 
 Gufman defends the City Puyfard, 194. 13. 
 
 Gujiavus, (Charles) King of Sweden, takes Mal- 
 moe from the Danes, 217. 6. 
 
 Green Ribbon round the Hat, a badge of the Re- 
 bels. 331. 19, 20. 
 
 H 
 
 HAmtlton, (Duke of) with Drummond, defeats 
 the Scotch Rebels, 112. 21, 22. 
 Harmatage being ejected from Holbec, promiles 
 
 Forces to the Confpirators, 81. 9, 10. 
 Hart and Hems Rebels, 71, 23. 17. 10. 
 
 Harrtfon 
 
The Index. 
 
 Harrifin the Regicide ; his execution, attended with 
 
 a pretended miracle, 24. 21, 22. 
 Henoticon, or Comprehenjion, the bane of the Eng- 
 lijh Church, 40. 25-. Drawn up chiefly by the 
 authority of Bridgman, 324. 7. Sheldon oppofes 
 it, 37. 22. 38 to 41. 
 Herman, Prince of Baden, 188. 9. 
 Hide {Laurence) EmbafTador of the States, 206. 14. 
 Hind, one of the Confpirators, acknowlcdg'd his 
 
 fault, and begs pardon, 61. 13. 
 Holmes fights againft the Dutch, T47, 4. I ff. f. 
 Holmes (a Colonel) being eighty years old is exe- 
 cuted for Monmouth's Rebellion, 9. 13. 
 Holland would give the command of the army to 
 
 c Turenne. 248. 21. Hollanders. See Dutch. 
 Honorius and Arcadius granted liberty to Schifma- 
 ticks, that they might not go over to the Enemy, 
 304. 8. 
 Humiers (Marflial dc) takes Aire, 184. f. Is a 
 great Favourite of the Duke of Turk, 184. 12. 
 Joyning Forces with Marfhal Schomberg, raifes 
 the fiege of Maeftricht, 184. 21. Takes St- 
 Guiflain and Ghent, 193. 9, 19. 
 Hungarians Rebellion againft the Emperor, 259. 
 24. The Hungarian war. 282 9. 
 
 j 
 
 JEllico, a Quaker, difcovers the Chejhire Confpi- 
 racy, 15-. 21. 
 Jephfon, a Rebel Colonel, Member of the Irijh 
 Parliament, is hang'd, 71. 9. 
 
 Independents^ their Sedt, SS- 22 » 35*- 4- 
 
 Ingoldsby^ 
 
The Index. 
 
 Ingoldsby, (Sir Rkhard) one of the Officers of the 
 
 Rebel Army, 75*. 6. 
 'John James, a Fanatick Preacher at Whitehall, is 
 
 executed, 17, 15-, 24. 
 Jones, (Sir Theophtlus) one of the Rebel Officers, 
 
 had a clofe correfpondence with Ludlow, and 
 
 difcover'd the counfels of the Confpirators, 75". 
 
 8, 17. 
 Ipres, the Marfhal de Lorge takes it, 193. 2£. 
 Juel, Admiral of the Dutch Fleet, 219, 12. 
 
 K 
 
 ITElly (Earl of) fights againft the Rebels, 114. 
 
 Keljy {'Thomas) Kenrick, and King Rebels, 100. 
 24. 17. 11. 71. 23. 
 
 LA^y, a Rebel Minifter of the Presbyterian Se£t, 
 hang'd, 71. 17. 
 Lambert, 82. 3. 
 Lawfon, Admiral of the King's Fleet againft the///- 
 
 gerines, 86. 13. 
 Ltfiw (four kinds of) pafsM in Parliament againft 
 the Rebels, 20. 23. A method of making Laws, 
 by which things contrary or different are enacted 
 by the fame Law, 413. 2, 3, 4. A Law con- 
 cerning Clothes rejected, 413. 8, 14. Laws or 
 Terms of Alliance required by the Grand Vizier, 
 and rejected by the Emperor of Germany, 288. 
 3 *3> ai. 
 
The Index. 
 
 13, 21. Laws or Articles of agreement be- 
 tween Teckeli and the Turks, 289. 10. 
 
 Lermont, firft a Taylor, afterwards a Commander 
 of the right wing of the Rebels, 172. 13, 14. 
 
 LeJUy (Count) General of the Emperor's forces in 
 Hungary ', 283.26. 284.1. 
 
 Leew (the Town and Caflle of) the key of Bra- 
 bant, taken by furprize by Mellac, 194.3,4. 
 
 Libels (infamous). See Marvel. 
 
 Liberty of Confcience granted to Schifmaticks, 
 64. 7. Arguments againit it, 64. 23. Difputation 
 concerning it, 35-4. 4. 
 
 League (the wicked) 35-7. 1. 
 
 Levellers a part of the alTembly of fix, ff. 24. 
 
 L lib urn, 82.2. 
 
 Lily's prediction, 94.21. 
 
 Linch (the Fort of) taken, 184. 14. 
 
 Linlithgow (Earl of) fights againft the Rebels, 
 114.22. 
 
 Litcott and Lockier Rebels, 17. 10. 57. 24. 
 
 London (the fire of) 117. 11. relblv'd upon by the 
 Rebels, 94. 14. where it firft began, 120. 19. 
 various opinions concerning it, 118. 6. London 
 changM from wood into marble, 121.26. 
 
 Lorge (Count de) nephew to Turenne, put into the 
 place of his deceas'd unkle; fights with theGVr- 
 mans, 177. 21. Marefchal de Lorge takes tyres, 
 193.25-. 
 
 Lorrain, 166.14. 167.16. 168.17. General of the 
 confederate Army upon the Mofelle, 174.16,17. 
 Fights with Turenne, 169. 16. Overcomes Cre- 
 qui, 178. 22. Befieges Philipsburgh with the Im- 
 perial Army, 183. 22. is excluded from the bene- 
 fit 
 
Th e Index. 
 
 fit of the peace, 241. 5-. General of the Impe- 
 rial Forces again ft the Turks, 290. 23. 
 
 Loveftein Faction cafts the Prince of Orange out 
 of the whole adminiftration, 245*. 4. 
 
 Ludlow at the head of all the Confpiracies, 10. 1 2, 13. 
 Commits the care of the Irijh Confpiracy to the 
 truft of Philip Al den, 69. 1,2. is chofen to com- 
 mand the Army, 75*. 4. 
 
 Lunden, a city of Schonen, a fliarp battle near it, 
 216.21. 
 
 Luxenburgh (Duke of) comes to relieve Philips- 
 burgh, 186. 19. Raifes the fiege of Charier oy 
 that was carried on by the Prince of Orange, 
 192.26. Befieges Mons, 209. 4. 
 
 M 
 
 \yf Ac-Cormac. See Crook/hank. 
 
 1.VA Maeftrtcht is befieg'd by Orange, 183. 21. 
 and reliev'd, 185-. 14. 
 
 Malmoe, a city of Schonen, fubdued by Charles 
 Guftavus, befieg'd by the Dane, 217. 2,6. 
 
 Margaret of Parma preferves Holland from a re- 
 volt by her indulgence, 308. 9. 
 
 Marfden, formerly Chaplain to Overton, a princi- 
 pal perfon amongft the Confpirators ; fent Embaf- 
 fador to theAlTembly of Rebels at London; out- 
 lawed, changing his name into Raphfon, prefided 
 twenty years over a large Conventicle at Lon- 
 don, 80. 16. 81. 1. 
 
 Marvel, a fcurrilous flanderer, publishes infamous 
 libels, 332.1,2. 333. I. Read of him from 333, 
 
 to 349. M a J[ e y 
 
Ttf e Inde X. 
 
 Majfcy (Sir Edward) one of them that command- 
 ed the army of Rebels, 75*. $. 
 
 Maximus the Emperor inflicts capital punifhment 
 upon the Prifallianifts, 306. 11. 
 
 MaJJarene, and Meruit* a Knight, Officers of the 
 Rebel Army, 75-. 4. 
 
 Mellac takes Lecw, 194.3. 
 
 Merchandife or Trade with France forbidden, 412. 
 7. Whence the King fuftains great lofs, 412. 8. 
 
 Mejfinefe, their infurrech'on againlt the Spaniard^ 
 25-9. 23. their Conspiracy aided and abetted by 
 the French, 272.26. 273.7. 275*. 9. The plague 
 at Me (Jin a, 273. 21. 
 
 Michael King of Poland, 262.7. Dies, 263.25'. 
 
 MidUton (Earl of) Lord High Commifiioner of 
 Scotland, 107. II, 12. 
 
 Mtlcs, a Rebel, 95% 4. 
 
 Millinex, an Anabaptift, fends a letter to Jel/ico 
 a Quaker, 1^. 4. 
 
 Milton; by his intereft Marvel that refembled him 
 in malignity of genius, is made Under-Secretary 
 to Cromwell, 332. 19, 20. Zeigler of Leipjick 
 writes againlt Milton and the Regicides, I20. 
 
 Mons, (the bloody battle of) 209. 16. 
 
 Mons, the city mHainault, befieg'd by Luxenbttrgb, 
 209. 4. 
 
 ilfc^, defeats Tromp in a fea-fight, 125*. 13. 
 
 Montecuculi (Count of) General of the Imperial 
 Army upon the Rhine iwAlface, 174. 14. Gains 
 a victory over Turenne, 175-, 176. 
 
 Montrofs (Earl of) hang'd by the Scotch Rebels up- 
 on a gallows thirty foot high, 115-. 16, 17. 
 
 G g Munfter 
 
The Index. 
 
 Munfter (Bifhop of) 169. 2. a war between him 
 and the Dutch, 248. 9, 10. 
 
 N 
 
 NAnts (the Edia of) 3^7- 12. 
 Nero ilain'd with human blood, Hied upon 
 the account of Religion, 309.16. 
 
 Nimeguen, a city in the Province of Gelderland; a 
 treaty of peace there between the French King 
 and the Confederates, 174.4,5'. a treaty of peace 
 agreed upon there between the French and the 
 Dutch, 198. 23, 24. 
 
 Noailles (Duke of) General of the French Army 
 in Catalonia, againft the Spaniards, forces the 
 city Puyfard to furrender, but upon honourable 
 terms, 194. 10, 21. 
 
 OAth (the form of the) to be required of Offi- 
 cers and Soldiers, 21. 21. an Oath impos'd 
 upon fanatick Preachers, 99. 14. a difpute con- 
 cerning a new Oath of Allegiance, 389,390. 
 Ogilby, a Knight, engages in battle with the Scotch 
 
 Rebels, in. 24. 
 Opdam, Admiral of the Dutch Fleet, 90, 25*. De- 
 feated by the Duke of York, lif. 22. 
 Orange (Prince of) fights with Conde, 170.9. Ge- 
 neral of the Confederate Army in Flanders, 174. 
 21, 22. in vain attempts to relieve the city of 
 .Conde in Flanders, bdieg'd by the French, 182, 
 
 4 1S3. 
 
Th e Index. 
 
 183. in vain befieges Macftricht in lower Ger- 
 many, and Charleroy, 1 83. 20, 2 1 . 192.21. endea- 
 vours to raife the fiege of St. Omers, without 
 fuccefs, 192.6. attacks Luxenhkrgh, carrying on 
 the fiege of Mons, 209. 14. is call out of power 
 by the Lovefiein Faclion, 245.4. Cromwell pre- 
 vents his enjoying any dignity, 247. 6. Charles 
 the Second intercedes for him with the States, 
 247. 19. He is committed by his mother to the 
 care of John De Wits, 248. 2. is reftor'd to his 
 title and dignity, by the united Provinces,, efpe- 
 cially by Zealand, Holland alone oppofing it, 248. 
 13, 19. is immediately depriv'd of all power, 
 249. 1. afterwards obtains the principal place a- 
 mongfl: the Nobility of Zealand, and the fupreme 
 power in the Aflembly of the States, 25-0. 1, $•, 
 is at length chofen Generalifiimo by all the Pro- 
 vinces, 2fi. 3. and obtains the fupreme power, 
 not only for life, but as hereditary, 25-9.9. 
 Orleans (Duke of) takes St. Omers, a city of Ar~ 
 
 tols, 192. 14. 
 Ormond (Duke of) Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, 
 
 obviates the Dublin Confpiracy, 69, 70, 
 Ofnaburgh (Bifhop of) 168.25-. 
 OJfory (Earl of) eldelt foil of the Duke of Ormond, 
 
 feiz'd with a fever, dies, 210. 1. to 213. 23. 
 Oates (Captain Thomas) a ring-leader of the Con- 
 fpirators ; Ralph Gates, Mafter of Arts, and Sa- 
 muel his younger brother, Rebels, and Informers, 
 ready to fwear againft their father Oates, who 
 confefling his wickednefs, obtained the King's 
 pardon, 78.25-. to 79. 13. 
 
 G g 2 Overton, 
 
The Index. 1 
 
 Overton, an Anabaptift Colonel, Govcrnour ©f 
 Hull, 80.17. 
 
 Owen {John) a principal man amongft the Factious, 
 72. 1. Publifhes a Book concerning Liberty of 
 Confcience, 35-2. 12. More concerning him, 
 
 353. f. tO 2S- 
 
 T)Ecker, a Rebel, 17.9. 
 
 X Peace between the French King and the Con- 
 federates endeavonr'd to be brought to pafs, the 
 King of Great Britain being Mediator and In- 
 tercefTor, 173. 2f. Between the French and Dutch, 
 the fame Prince offering himfelf as a Mediator, 
 197. 24. 
 
 Pearfon, a Devon/hire Fanatick, a great number of 
 arms hid in his vault, 14. 13, 14. 
 
 Penry, one of the Puritan Fa&ion, hang'd, 67. 6. 
 
 Peters, a miracle reported concerning him, as he 
 went to the gallows, 24. 23, 24. 
 
 Philips, 2l Rebel, 61. 11. 
 
 Philipsburgh (the City) befieg'd by the Confede- 
 rates, and furrendred upon honourable terms, 
 183.22,23. i8y, to 188. 
 
 Plague, two hundred thoufand die of it, oc. 8. up- 
 on that account the Seffion of Parliament pro- 
 rogued to another year, 90. 10. The Plague 
 fpreads at MeJJina, 273. 21. 
 
 Preachers ( fchifmatical ) the mod feditious of all, 
 93. 11, T2. Banifh'd five miles from Corporati- 
 ons, 99. 11. 
 
 Prefs, the liccntioumefs of it to be rcftrain'd, 22. 
 22, 23. Popijh 
 
The Index. 
 
 PopiJJj MafTacre, a feign'd report of it, rais'd by 
 the Fanatick Confpirators, 5-8. 23. Papifts in 
 feveral Places, efpecially in the Counties of War- 
 wick and IVorcefter, taken into cuftody upon this 
 account, 66. 6. A Popifh war, and the fear of 
 Popery pretended by the Sectaries, 379, 4. 
 
 Popery. See French Intereft. 
 
 Prince Palatine, 169. 3. 
 
 Presbyterians. See Schifmaticks. 
 
 The Articles of the Presbyterian Confpirators, and 
 other Schifmatical Factions, 79. 16. Presbyte- 
 rian Minifters at London ; their humble petitions 
 to the King againft the Act of Uniformity, 29.23- 
 Presbyterians that were ejected before the Feaft 
 of St. Bartholomew ; their farwell Sermons pub- 
 liuYd, 67. 17. The ejected Presbyterians, the 
 chief contrivers of the Confpiracy, 80. 9. 
 
 Prifcillianifts punifh'd with death, 306. 11, 12. 
 
 Privileges difputed between the Houfes of Parlia- 
 ment, 406. 14. 
 
 Prodigie s pretended in feveral places, 23. 2f. 24. 1. 
 
 Proteftant Subjects, a general reconciliation of them, 
 rejected in Parliament, 40. 21. 
 
 Puritan Faction, Penry and Barrow Accomplices 
 in it, 67. 6. 
 
 Puyfard (the City) is furrendred to the Duke of 
 
 Noailles, 194. 12. 
 Pyrenean Treaty, 410, 24, 
 
 G g 3 Quaken x 
 
The Index. 
 
 f\Uakers, a part of the AfTembly of fix, 5-5-. 23. 
 
 ^- They only, of the Schifmaticks, oppofe the 
 Aft againft Conventicles, 88. 19. Many of 
 them carried to the Plantations m America, 89.8. 
 
 R 
 
 RAthbon, read Rebels ; 95*. 3. 17. 11. 
 Rebels, their Heads fpring forth again like the 
 Heads of the Hydra, 10. 4, 5*. Rebels, their un- 
 grateful Nature, 4. 20. Their Aflembly efta- 
 blifh'd at London, 6. 14. Their Meeting taken at 
 JVeftminfter, 17. 6, 7. Rebel Officers of Crom- 
 zveVs army commanded to be 20 Miles diftant 
 from London, and forbidden to appear abroad 
 both in Ireland 2nd. England, t8. i. 88. 10, 1 1. 
 Fugitive Rebels and Regicides ready upon the 
 neighbouring Coafts of France and Holland, 20. 8. 
 Fugitive Rebels rcfiding in the United Provinces, 
 or any where elfe, commanded to return home 
 in three Months time; the Names of the Rebels 
 that were cited to return, 100. 13. ico. 19. 
 Renter appointed Admiral of the Dutch Fleet a- 
 gainft the Algerines , attacks the Englijh upon 
 the Coaft of Guinea, whither he by ftcalth had 
 withdrew himfelf, by order of the States, 86. 14. 
 to 20. Renters Admiral-Ship is attack'd by a 
 little VelTel (calTd in jtft, the Fan-fan) furnifiVd 
 with two fmall Guns. 104. 1, 2. Renter put 
 
 to 
 
The Index. 
 
 to flight by the Englijh, in almoft every Battle, 
 126. 1. Renters Villany, 147. 14. Renter en- 
 gages in a Sea-fight with the Engli/h, 15*0. 20. 
 Coming to afiift the Spaniards again ft the rebel- 
 lious MeJJinefe, dies of his wounds, 276. 3. 
 
 Richard/on, Dr. of Divinity, Dean of Rippon, a 
 principal Perfon amongft the Confpirators, infa- 
 mous for Drunkenncfs and Lewdnefs, being out- 
 law'd, died in excile, 18. 12. 
 
 Rigs, a Presbyterian Preacher, formerly Chaplain 
 to Blake, Admiral of the Rebel Fleet, afterwards 
 a Brewer's Clerk, a difcoverer of the Confpira- 
 cy, and a treacherous accufer of his accomplices, 
 60. 16. 
 
 Robin/on a Minifter, and John Wells a Preacher of 
 Sedition, infult over James Turner, who was 
 taken prifoner by the Rebels, 109.18,23. Robin- 
 fun ufes a blafphemous form of Grace, no. 2. 
 His Blafphemy is punifh'd at the gallows, 113. 
 18. 
 
 Rochel (the taking of) the end of the Cahinijls 
 war, 3*7.17. 
 
 Rugen, an Ifland of the Danift Dominions, is in- 
 vaded by Coningsmark, 226. 23. 
 
 Rupert, Prince Palatine, one of the Admirals of 
 the King's Fleet, goes out to meet the French, 
 101. 17. 
 
 Ruvigny the French EmbaiTador objects againfr the 
 peace with the Dutch, 163.9. 
 
 G g 4 Salmon, 
 
The Index, 
 
 QilmoK, one of Cromwell's Colonels, taken, io< 
 
 Sanders, and Sanford, Rebels, 9f. 4. 69. 18. 74. 12. 
 
 Sandwich (Earl of) kill'd in a fea -fight againft the 
 Dutch, if 1. 10. 
 
 Schifmaticks. See Presbyterians and Sectaries. Schif- 
 maticks, their attempts againft the A£t of Uni- 
 formity, 29. 3. They did not want friends in 
 both Houfes of Parliament, nor even amungft 
 the Bifhops, 34. 20, 21. The Royal Indulgence 
 towards Schifmaticks, in remitting the penalties 
 inflicted by law, 34. 22. The Schifmaticks re- 
 quire the repealing the law, 35-. 17. What the 
 Schifmaticks cannot do by authority, they attempt 
 by fraud, and enter into a new Confpiracy with 
 fome treacherous Divines in the Church of Eng- 
 land, and require an A6t of Comprehenh*on to 
 be pafs'd, one or two Bifhops, and fome Pref- 
 byters, and two Lawyers feconding them, 36. 20. 
 37. 17. Their AlTembly of fix perfons, confid- 
 ing of the fix factions, the Presbyterians, Inde- 
 pendents, Anabaptifts, Quakers, Fifth-monarchy 
 men, and Levellers, SS- 2I > 22 - Their Confpi- 
 racy is difcover'd, $7. if. The Schifmaticks 
 growing more infolent, becaufe the King was 
 involv'd in the Dutch war, are reftrain'd by the 
 law againft Conventicles being renew'd both in 
 England and Scotland, 87, 88, Whilft the Na- 
 tion labour'd under the calamities of peftilence 
 
 and 
 
The Index. 
 
 and war, they confpirc againft their Country, 
 87. 10. 92. 6. The obfervation of the Laws a- 
 gainft them is requir'd by the King's Proclama- 
 tion, and their Conventicles are reftrain'd, 133.9. 
 The patrons and favourers of the Schifmaticks 
 confult about the dilTolution of the Parliament ; 
 which being attempted in vain, they raife diffe- 
 rences between the two Houfes concerning Pre- 
 rogatives and Privileges, 133.17,21. Complaints 
 to the King of their infolence, and a Proclama- 
 tion againft their Preachers, 136. 24, 26. The 
 Schifmaticks being affrighted by the execution of 
 the Laws, retir'd to their dark places of conceal- 
 ment, and as foon as the Parliament is prorogu'd, 
 become more infolent, 138. 14, to 21. 
 Scomberg (Marefchal) with Marefchal de Hu- 
 miers, relieves Maeftricht, when it is bencg'd by 
 the Prince of Orange, 184. 21. 
 
 Scot, one of the Officers of the Rebel-Army, a 
 difcoverer of the Confpiracy, 74. 13. 
 
 Scot the fon of Scot the Regicide, a Rebel, ico. 
 19,20. 
 
 Scotch Teachers being ejected out of their Pariihes, 
 ftir up the people to Rebellion, 104.16. Scots, 
 D eye 11 and Drummond fubdue them, 112. 18. a 
 Battle is fought between the Scotch Rebels, and 
 the King's Army, two miles from Edinburgh, 
 and after various fortune on each fide, the Re- 
 bels are defeated, 111,13. 
 
 Sectaries, too great a liberty is granted to them; 
 and the reafons of it are conflrm'd by examples, 
 302. 5\ to 310. 10. They abufe that liberty to a 
 very different end, 311. 6. The Seditions of the 
 
 Sectaries 
 
The Index. 
 
 Sectaries, 311. 10. 316. 3. Their libels and 
 threats againft the King's Majefty, 331. 24. 
 
 Seditious AiTembly of Lawyers in a tavern at the 
 llgn of King Henry VIII. over-againft the Tem- 
 ple, 331.8,9. 
 
 Sempler and IVilks, Teachers, and the chief Au- 
 thors of the Scotch Confpiracy, are the firft that 
 fly, 113. 21. 114.6. 
 
 Seneff in Flanders, famous for a battle between 0- 
 range and Conde, 170.9. 
 
 Shaftsbury (Earl of) Chancellor, ifTues out writs 
 for Elections, without acquainting the Parlia- 
 ment ; cafts off the odium and anger that was 
 rais'd againft him upon that account, from him- 
 felf to the King ; is fufpecled by the King, and 
 at length remov'd from the Chancellorfhip ; be- 
 fore he is remov'd, he procures two Laws to be 
 made, one againft the Papifts, the other an A6t 
 of general oblivion, by which he would fcreen 
 himfelf, 316. 16, 21. 317. 7. 318. 12. 322. 17. 
 323. 7. Succeeded Bridgman in the Chancellor- 
 ihip, 325'. 20. His Speeches to the Parliament, 
 321. 12. Being commanded to depart from the 
 Court, he endeavours to ftir up the Londoners 
 with various rumours and complaints, 327. 18. 
 Is fent prifoner to the Tower, 405*. 22. 
 
 Shapcot (Colonel) a Rebel, 69. 14. 
 
 Sheldon {Gilbert) firft Bifhop of London, afterwards 
 Archbifhop of Canterbury, 31. 9. Proves the 
 execution of the Act of Uniformity to be necef- 
 fary, and oppofes the repealing it, 31. 12. Art- 
 fully reproves the treachery of a certain great 
 perfon that favour'd the A£l of Comprchenfion^ 
 39.9. S her ley, 
 
The Index. 
 
 Sberley, a Do&or of Phyfick, and Fagg, a Mem- 
 ber of the lower Houfe, both of them Fanaticks, 
 contend in Parliament concerning the right of Ap- 
 peals, 395-. 18, 19. Six (an AiTembly of.) See 
 Schifmaticks. 
 Sheffington (Sir John) one of the Officers of the 
 
 Rebel Army, 75". 7. 
 Skinner, a Dependent of the Earl of Shaftsbury, 
 his difpute with Sir Samuel Bernardifton, 133. 25*. 
 134. 1. 
 Smith/on, formerly Lieutenant Colonel to Lilburn, 
 
 a difcoverer of the Confpiracy, 82. 1. 
 Sobieski (General) his actions, 206. 17. to 271. 17. 
 Southampton (Earl of) dies, 128.16. 
 Spaniard, Guarantee and Advocate for the Dutch 
 
 fidelity, in- 2 ?- 
 Spragg {Edward) keeps off the Dutch from the 
 coaft, 1 2.6. 16. Fighting againft Tromp, is drown'd, 
 157.8. 
 Speech (King's) to the Parliament, concerning the 
 Northern Rebellion, 82. 22. Exhorting to unity, 
 398. 5*. 399. S- Concerning the treaty with the 
 Dutch, 383. 25*. Complaining of the war being 
 begun, 408. 20. to 411. 12. Of the disbanding 
 the forces, 417. 10. to 420. 16. 
 Starsnbergh, famous for heroick actions, 196, 197. 
 Engages with Crequi, 194. 2$'. The Defender 
 of the Chriftian World from the Ottoman yoke; 
 bravely maintains Vienna, 291. 10. 
 Stedd, a Scotch Minifter, ejected out of a certain 
 Parifh in Devonjhirc, a Nuncio between the E??g- 
 ///? Fanaticks, and his own Countrymen, 81. 10. 
 St. Guiflain, a town of Hainault, taken by Ma- 
 refchal de Humiers, 193.9. 
 
 Stetin. 
 
T H £ I N D I xV 
 
 Sum, the metropolis of Powerania, is befiegM by 
 Brandenburgh, and bravely defended by the Ci- 
 tizens, and at length furrendred upon honourable 
 terms, 219. 23. to 225-. 
 
 5.'. On^rs. See Orleans. 
 
 Strafford (the Earl of) a tumult raisM againft him, 
 Sjanuer being leader of it, 134.6,7. 
 
 Straelfund, a city of Pomerania, defended by Con- 
 ingfmark, and taken by Brandenburgh, 227. 8. 
 
 Strar.ge, a principal Confpirator, 5-7. 24. 
 
 Strange ays, famous for fidelity and wealth, oppofes 
 the Earl of Shaft sbury, 31S. 23. 
 
 Strasburgh (the City of) taken by the French, 2S6. 
 17. The Bifhop of Strasburgh, 199. 26. 
 
 Streater and Stubs, Rebels, 17.10. 6l.1i. 
 
 Subjects, their right, 35*8. 22. 
 
 Surinam, what the Dutch did there, 146. 24. 
 
 Swedes right un&ccefsfully with the Confederates, 
 
 214, 215-. The Swede engages in a fea-rlght with 
 the Dane, uy. 5-. Raifes the fiege of Malmoe, 
 
 215. 20. 
 
 TAnner, one of the Officers of the Rebel-Army, 
 a difcoverer of the Confpiracy, 74. 13. 
 Tartars and Turks, their incurfion into Poland, 
 
 25-9. 22. 
 Teckeli, chofen General in the Hungarian War, 
 
 2S3. 7. Calls a Dyet at Cafchaw, ftiling himfclf 
 
 King, 290.3. 
 TeckelP s Conspiracy, 214.6. 
 Theodofius the Great, calling out the Hereticks that 
 
 diiTented from the Faith, granted Churches to the 
 
 Nwmians that agreed in the Faith. 
 4 
 
T k i I M D i :•: . 
 
 2 r.tit'. : £:::. .-^r.r':.. :: :- -: : - 
 -•: 5--.^.,r. :.-:: ::_-. ::. :;::;-- -.g 
 
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 7 . : • : : : - 
 
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 T. - . - . ::: ;: :: . : : : ~ 
 
 : : i i : : : 
 -/ :. :.:-;..:*: ":;;; . : " : : : : : : : 
 
 J - . -: :::•;.■ ; :. : :.; r; ~ :; : ~ t .:_.:..: : ~. : : 
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 c : : • .V. ??. :::::: i: ::.:::■■-:: .: - .- 
 
 7-.~ r ■.-<■*'. zx _:: :_ 
 
 -— : :: .:.. _: : : : 
 
 Tacfer, a Rebel, c 
 
 j *-/..- ~:-.e i- ir.: _-.";- ::: ?;..>.- :•: ::..: 
 Befcge r^-s 291 
 
 u ■.:■'■'.:. - • zl-: ■■-■ :-!'.■'. ::' : :_ : . ; f: : 
 will MmtecwnrfL, and death. : 177. dae /*/- 
 ..,<...-. -■■:_.: : .. :..~ :.--: ::~:-..:_ ; :' :-. ..;- 
 
 :_: :: 
 7* • - v " / - :!-:... ";.: : . " : . 
 
 :; /-:>:_. ±t :".:'.• :z ; :" :.-; S ■•- . ::.-- tz -■ 
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 . : - i 
 
The Index. 
 
 Twine a Printer hang'd for infamous Libels, and 
 three other Printers imprifon'd, 8 y. 19, 20. 
 
 VAlenciennes y a very ftrong city of Hainault, is 
 taken by the French King, 190.5*. 191. 1. 
 
 Valentinian, both the elder and younger, granted 
 liberty to all Sectaries, 304.21. 305*. if. 
 
 VaraJJi, one of the Admirals of the Dutch Fleet, 
 15-4.15-. 
 
 Venner, a Cooper, at the head of a rabble of forty 
 Enthufiafts, 11. 17, 18. 
 
 Vernon, a military Officer of the King's, 68. if. 
 
 Vienna befieg'd by the Turks, and reliev'd, 291. 7. 
 to 301. 
 
 Uniformity (Act of) 27. 9. The murmurs of the 
 Faction againft it, 28. 2. Sheldon perfuades to 
 the execution of it, 31.9. The Presbyterians at- 
 tempt to repeal it, 31.2. The King's Proclama- 
 tion publifh'd to fufpend in part the force of it 7 
 64. 6. Arguments againft repealing it, 64. 24. 
 
 W 
 
 WAUot {Thomas) an old Captain at the head of 
 the Confpiracy to kill the King and the 
 Duke of Ormond, when they returned from New- 
 Market, brought to the gallows, threatens the 
 King when he is dying, 77. 3. 
 Wales, infected with the plague of Rebellion, 16. 
 
 17- 
 
 War againft the Dutch begun by the unanimous 
 
 confent of both Houfes of Parliament ; and the 
 
 caufes 
 
The Index. 
 
 caufes of that war, 86. i, 2, 4. Between the 
 Dutch and the Bifhop of Munfter, 248. 9, 10. 
 The Hungarian war, from 282. 9. to 301. The 
 caufes of the war againft France, 407. f. A war 
 begun againft France by the Parliament, but no 
 fupply given towards it, 408. 24. War and peace 
 depend upon the King of England alone, 279. j, 6. 
 A civil war with the Parliament excited by the 
 Factious, and a difpute rais'd concerning the au- 
 thority of King and Parliament, 3-11. 16,22. 
 
 Warrin, a Lieutenant Colonel, Rebel, Member of 
 the Irijh Parliament, is hang'd, 69.17. 71.9. 
 
 Weilks, a Rebel, 17. 10. 
 
 Wilks. See Semjfler. 
 
 Wells. See Robinfon. 
 
 Weflcote, a Rebel, 95*. f. 
 
 Wefel beiieg'd by the French, and taken, 25*2. 12,20. 
 
 Weffalini (Count) 284. 14. 
 
 Wtlliam Prince of Orange, furprizing Amflerdamy 
 calls the Heads of the Fa&ion into Lovefte'm 
 prifon, and dies of the fmall-pox, not without 
 fufpicion of poifon, 246. 3, ton. 
 
 Wifmar, a city of the Duchy of Mecklenbnrgh, 
 taken by the Dane, 216.18. 
 
 Wits (John De) a man of mean birth, the bsfelt 
 flatterer of Cromwell, an inexorable enemy of 
 Kings, the only author and advifer of all the 
 wars between the Engl 'ijh and Dutch, t 127.21. 
 128. 1. His anfwer to Borell concerning the 
 right of the flag, 15-9. 18. The Princefs of 0- 
 range committed her fon to his care, 248. 2. 
 Four young men confpire to kill him, 25*5*. ic. 
 James de Graef attempting to kill him is be- 
 headed, 
 
The Index. 
 
 headed, i$$. 19, 20. A Confpiracy againft Cor* 
 nelius de Wits, iff. if. The De Witfes, two 
 brothers, when they had long ufurp'd almoft the 
 whole adminiftration of affairs, are at length 
 torn in pieces at the Hague, 25-7.3. The faction 
 of De Wits enemies to the name of Kings, 148. 
 16. Breakers of Alliances, ij&j. 
 
 Wolga/l, a ftrong town of Pomerania, taken by 
 Brandenburgh, 215*. 24, if. 
 
 Woman (a) faid to have brought forth at her mouth, 
 at Chicheflcr, 24.26. 25-. I. 
 
 Worftley (Sir Charles) a chief man amongft the fac- 
 tious ; formerly of CromweWs Privy Council, 
 publishes a libel, 35-0. if. 3^2. 11. 
 
 YOrk (Duke of) Lord High Admiral of Eng- 
 land, fights againft the Dutch, 90.16. 91.7. 
 Difpleas'd with the Earl of Shafts bury, 320. 10. 
 Is betroth'd to the Duchefs of Modena, where- 
 upon there is a complaint in Parliament, 381. 19, 
 20,21. 
 
 Z 
 
 ZEigler of Lcipjick, in his book againft Milton, 
 feems jn fome manner to have foretold the 
 fire of London, 120.2. 
 Zealand (the Province of) always faithful to the 
 Prince of Orange, 248. 14. Gives the Prince of 0- 
 range the principal place among the Nobility, 25-0. 1. 
 
 FINIS. 
 
 Printed by James Bettenham.