f { % Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016 * https://archive.org/details/historyofturksdeOOunse mSTORY of the TURKS. . D E S C R I BING The Rife and Ruin, of their firfl Em- pire in Terjla^ the Original of their Second. CONTAINING The Lives and Reigns of their Icveral Kings and Emperors, from Ottoman its firfl: Foun- der to this prefent Year, 1683. BEING A Succindt Series of Hiftory , of all their Wars (For reign and Domeftick ) Policies, Cuftoms, Re- ligion and Manners ; with what elle is worthy of Note, in that great Empire. LONDON, Printed by Rdfh Wit, for Thomis Paffinger upon Londot-Bridge , lyiUiam Thackjry in pucJ^Lint , and thotnas Sawbridg! in Lit- tl-t-Brituin, 1683. To THE READER. Since the late Alarms the Port has given to Chrijlendom, I have thought it both Profi- table and Convenient^ to delcribe the Original of that Great Em- pire y which now fjpreads over near half the Worlds and to de- monftrate by what means it a- Ipired to its Immenfity , and by -what Policies maintained; as in the To the Reader^ , the Series of this Hiftory^ k is fully and at large difcour/ed ,• not fo only, but the Turl^ various Succefles in their Wars Vat Land and Sea ,* Including their Reli- gious Cuftoms, Manners,. and extent of that Empire , as it re- mains at this day; feeing dedu- ced from the Original of the firfi and lecond Empire, for the '/pace of ^fix hundred years , attended I with Circumftances too tedious here to be recited. 'So 4hat all I "may plainly comprehend >fow i ea/ily tho/e Snfi'de Is at £rR I ' have To the Reader,, have been hindred from Incroach- ing , and how often ( had not the Divifions of the ChriHianr, upon which they founded their Empire) they might have been brought low 5 but as God, in whofe Eternal Wildom all Affairs are centered , has not of late per- mitted, and fhould they extend their Arms ( as at this time they threaten J yet a hearty Unanimity in the Empire, and the Kings and Princes of ChriHendom , may through God’s bleffing impede the growing Greatnefs of this great Monarch, To the Reader^ , Monarchy and hinder the EfFufion of Chrijlian Blood. Here you have anim and and the Continuation of the fe- cond^to this prefcnt time; Faith- fully Colleded , which I hope will prove to the Satisfadion of the Ingenious Reader y which is all defired by, f : . Tour Friend^ L S. partial Account of their Rife Ruin in the ^ fir ft* Empire, C 1) THE EPITOMIZED^ CHAP. L. The Original of the Turks according to the Opinion of Jimdry Learned Authors , Ti^ith the Means by T^hich they acquired their firjt ^Monarchy in Perfia ; Together iVith the Reign and Death 0/ Tangrolipix their firf IQng. IT has, and at this day does caufe fuhdry Difputes amongfl: the Learned, from what Nation or Peo-, pie the Turks, now fo formidable by extending their Empire o’ re a third part of the known World, are fprung or derived^fome being of opi- nion that they are delcended of the Remnant of the Trojans that fcaped the Sword at the Deftrudtioii of the City of Troy, and Ifrengthen their Argument with this Reafon , z'iz,. That the Word Turcii fignifying a Trojan, is corrnptlv called Turci or Turk., and that on B all 2 int uYKip titjwry, all hands it is affirmed that they originally inhabited the leller Afia^ where the City fo much Renowned in Story for its holding out a ten years Siege againft the Power of the then Grecian Empire flood ^ others affirm they fprung from the ten Tribes carried away captive by Salmanafer the Affiyrian King, and that from them likewife fprung the Tartars inhabiting the Nor- thern Climes, and their Reafons are, for as much as the great Lords of Tartary derive their Pedigree from Tribes, calling themfelves Danifts, Zebulonians and Napthaliils, and that the Word Tnr\ in the Hebrew fignifies a baniffied man, or one in difgrace j and fur- ther, that they flill retain many Ceremonies of the Jewhh Nation, as Circumcifion , and the like, as alfo frequently to repeat to themfelves Lamentations, though corruptly for the fall of Jerafalem , and Da~ fiiafcKi the chief Cities of Judea and Syria^ affirming they know not the meaning of fuch their Lamentati- ons, but that they have been taught of their Anceftors fo to do. Others are of Opinion that they were Scythi- ans^ who left their Country by reafon of the Scarcity thereof, and Coldnefs of the Clime, and falling on Ar- intnia^ grafped it with fo hard a hand, that all the Power of the Empire then fiouriffiing could not refeue it , but as a Token of their firll Succefs in their iffiuing out of the Cafpian Straits, they named it Turco- snama, which name remains to this day. And that there were fuch a People long before their afpiring to Em- pire in A/ia, Pomponius Adclla^ Pliny, and Ptolomy do a- ver •, but about the time of their Eruption , Blondiu Platina, and Segonm difagrec, the two former declar- ing it to be in the year of our Lord 755, and the lat- ter in 844. yet conclude upon the reafon of their com- ing forth as aforefaid. Their R ife and afpiring to Greatnefs , was after this manner 5, Mahomet the Perfian Sultan wreftingthe Go- vernment i The Tfirhi(h Hijloryo | vernment from the Caliph or SuccefTor of Alaho/m the Impoftoi',or as they falfly called him, their Great Pro- phet, vvhofe Erroneous Dodrine had infcded all Ajfrick-, and part of Europe ^ to provide againft the word; flrengthned himfelf, and the better to do it, fent to the Turkilh Chief in Armenia to furniJh him with a competent number of Men of War, who in compliance to the Sultans Command cauled 3000 to March under the Leading of one of his chief Captains named Tan^ groHpix^'p the help of which he overthrew the Caliph of Babylon, with an incredible Slaughter of his Army^ and being further minded to make an Expedition a= gainll the Indians that bordered his Country , and knowing by Experience the great courage of the Turk^, ai:id' their lingular dexterity in Archery, he refolved to retain them for his further Service-, fothat when they defired to be conduced over the River Araxu , he not only refufed to permit it , but alfo threatned them, if they offered to make any further mention of their de- parture , which Indignity caufed them to take the Op- portunity of withdraw ingthemfelVes into the Defalt of Caranonitis, and there like Out-laws to live upon Spoil^tlie News ofwhich no fooner reached the Sultan’s ear , but he commanded ten of his Captains to March againft Taugrolipix with an Army of 20000 choice Soldiers compofed of divers Nations, which Incamp- ing by the border of a Forreft , wherein the Turkilh Captain refided with his Forces, they were in the dead of the night fet upon and put to flight with great Slaughter ; fo that the Turks furnilhing themlelves with the Spoyls'of the llain appeared more boldly in the Field, and were in a fliort time increafed to 50000 fighting men by fuch Outlaws and other Villains, as upon the bruit of their Succefs reforted feo ’um, which caufed Mahomet, now jealous of his other Subjedls re- volt to raif« 9 great Army and to advance againft Tan^ B i grolipi^i 4 jurkijb tlt^tory. grolifix. Firll, having put out the Eyes of thofe Cap- tains overthrown in the fight , and threatned to dif- grace the Souldiers that efcaped the daughter by at- tiring them in Womans Apparel, which afterward re- dounded to his lofs by caufing them to avoid future pu- nilhment to fly to his Enemy. In fine, both Armies met on the great Plain before the City Jfpahan in Perfia, and began a dreadful Battle, which with great Slaugh- ter lalted till Sultan Mahomet fell from hisHorfe, and broak his neck, at what time both Armies ceafed from fight, and by unanimous confent chofe Tangrolipix Sul- tan of Perf-a^ and the Dominions appertaining to that large Kingdom , who was no fooner feated in his Throne, but he caufed the Garrifons that kept the Paf- fage over Araxis to be removed, and called in the Turks his Country-men then dwelling on the other fide, and by degrees advanced them to all the chief Places of 'rrud, depofing the Perfians and Saraz^em, the Ancient Inhabitants of thofe Dominions ^ but long he had not wielded his Scepter e’r he made War upon Pifafiris the Caliph of Babylon^ and after fundry Battles having flain him annexed his Kingdom to Perfa. This Succefs firing him with a defire to extend his Dominions wider,he fent Cutlu-Mufes his Nephew to war on the Arabmis^ but thofe People as dexterous in Archery as the Tnrks foon overthrew him with the llaughter of a great part of his Army , and therefore in his Return requelted of Stephen the Greek Empe- rours Lievtenant in Media, that he might pafs through thofe Territories into his own Country^ but he not on- ly denied him palTage, butoppofed him with a power- ful Army , which was by the defeated, and the Lievtenant taken Prifoner : After which the Sultan in Perfon made an Expedition againfl: the Arabians, thinking to revenge the late difgrace, but procured a greater for himfeif, was likewife overthrown , which caufed * The TurkijJy Hiflory. 5 caiifed him to bend his Forces to the Conquefl ofA'fedu-i to effedt which he Tent his Brother yifan, but in the mean while his N'ephew fearing his dirpleafure for difobeying his Command fled, and gathering to him a Itrong Power,feizedon P<2/i2rafl:rong City of Choraf- miafis^yQt the Expedition was not thereby obftrudfcd ^ but his Army had fcarce entred the Confines of Media before the Emperor’s new Lievtenant gave Battle, and put the to flight following the Execution for ma- ny miles. This defeat inraged the Sultan , and caufed him to fend an Army double the number of the former under the Condudt of HimhrMiy-Alim his other Brother, who after fix days Siege took -^^-^^.ewaTown rich in Merchandize, but the Lievtenant having joynedhis Forces with thofe of Liperatcs Governour of Iberia^ who came to his Afliftance, the Battle was joyned, which continued bloody and doubtful for the fpacc of four hours, at the end of which the Vidory fell to the Chriftians, who followed the Execution till Night put an end to it , yet Liperates fighting valiantly was taken and carried into Perfa , for whofe Ranfom the Empe- ror fent great Prefents ; but the Sultan out of a ge- nerous bravery fent him home Ranfom^free , only ad- monifhing never to bear Arms againft him more, and wdth him fent Seriph a MahumetanPriell as his Ambaf- fador,to demand of the Emperorthat he would become Tributary to the Sultan, and that thereby an Eternal Peace might ifliie , which the Emperor rejected with jufl difdain. Whereupon the Sultan invaded the Roman Provinces Vv^ith great Forces, but underllanding upon his approaching Cafarea thatthe Emperor’s Army was upon the March, refolving to give him Battle, and that if he fliould be overtlirowm there was little hopgs of retreating by reafon he had left fo many Enemies at his back, he returned into Media and laid Siege to the B 3 ftrong llrang City of Mantizjf /f&v, 1185.. when as he had reigned twelve Years and fome Months. In this King’s Head his Son Baldwin the Fifth of that name, and Eighth King of Jernfalem was crowned j but long he had net reigned e’r his perfidious Mother to advance her fecond Husband C uy to the Throne, poy- Ibned him •, But Heaven left not fuch wickedSefs un- revenged The Turki(f:) Htfiory. 2 7 revenged, not long after Guy the Ninth and Lafi- King of Jemfdemtook upon him the Scepter , the Chrijiians fell at variance amongll themfelves, ready to turn their Swords upon each other, of which SaLidme the Egypti- an Sultan taking the advantage, wmn many Cities, and finally in a bloody battel the Cbrifiian Army was over- thrown, the King and moll: of his Nobles, together with the great Mdter of the I’emplers , were taken Prifoners, which altogether broke the ftrength of the Chriflians in Syria ^ for hightned with this fuccels, the Sultan with an Army of 200000 Horfe and Foot be- iiQgcdJ erufakm^ which being naked of men, and want- ing a Head, was after fourteen days Siege, and many fierce A ifiau Its delivered up to the Enemy, ^>rno 1 187. after it had been in the hands of the European Chrijiians for the fpace of too years , upon condition that fuch Chnjlians as would might ftill remain there, with free excrcifepf their R.eligion, and-thofe that were mind- .ed to depart might be permitted fo to do, with as much of their Goods as they could carry upon their backs. And thus the Holy 'City again fell into the hands of the Pagans^ who pointed it with their prophane Idola- tries and fuperltitious Worfliip, through the Chrijiians lukewarmnefs and clifrefpeft of God’s Divine \Vor- Ihip , vcho living in abundance of plenty, forgat the hand that proteded them, trulung m their own arms, as the Ifradites to their coll liad doxic before them. Afttr Jeriifale?nihQ .'dctropoliscf the Kingdom was taken, A/itioc'h w'as lietrayed by the Patriarck (fuch lit- tle regard liad Chrijiians of their Fidelity) into the hands of the fora certain fnm of Gold, and af- terward moll of the other Cities cither revoked , or were taken by force. C M A P. III. 28 Tl'je. Turkish Htjldyy, CHAP. IV. The Second Expedition of the IVeliern Prinees for the Recovery of the Holy Lmd^ 8cc. JErnfalem and moft of the Cities of Palefihe being loll, as aforefaid, the European Potentates were not a little grieved, and to recover the fame raifed a mighty power ^ and firll that advanced was Frederick^ the German Emperor, who fetting forth from Ktenna palfed with a piiilfant Army through Hungary^ Bulgaria^ and Thracia^ and fo to Conflantinople , where he palfed over into ^fia , and etitrin^Lyconia gave the Tarkj a great o- verthrow , after which he beiieged and took Iconimn \ giving the Spoyls thereof to his Soldiers 3 and from thence palfing into Celicia in the Straights , where the Greek Emperor fome years before received his fatal 0- verthrow , he had a fecond conflid v;ith the Tark, whom he put to flight with great Daughter, and took the City of Philomela , and put the Inhabitants to the fword , for executing his Meflangers he fent to treat wdth them about delivering it peaceably *, and then en- tring Armenia the Icfs, he took the City of Melitene^ andfubdiied all the Territories round about, and there gave theTurks an other fearful overthrow, which Army was no fooner vanquilhed, but another notinferiour to it appeared under the h.eading of Saphadine Saladin the Sultan’s Son , which with an undaunted bravery he 1 charged, and put to rout, with incredible Daughter I (but the joy of Vidory was foon turned into Mourning) for the good Emperor zealous for tlie Caufe, ' following hard upon the flyers, his Horfe floundered in | the River Salephie^ and threw him out of the Saddle, with his right foot hanging in the Stirrup, after which : manner, 1 I The Turkijh Hifiorj, 2 9 manner, e’r he could be relieved, he was drag’d through the River , and hitting by the way on certain Stumps, fo bruifed , that when he was taken up, he was heard to fay no more then , Lord receive my Soul^ e’r he gave up the Ghoft , in the feventieth year of his Age, and of his Reign 38, Amio 1 190. Whereupon his Body was carried to the City of and there in the Cathedral with all Solemnity interred. This Heroick Emperor being dead, his Son Frederick. Duke of Suevia , then in the Army was faluted Empe- ror and General by the confent of the great Comman- ders j but now (the Country being purpofely deifroy- ed before them) pale Famine began to ftare them in the face, yet on they marched, and charging Dodequm Saladins , General, fent to oppofe their Pallage, gave him a great overthrow , and had all the Cities ren- dred as they palfed, till they came to Ptolomau.^ vv'here the power of the Chrifiians in Syria were incaraped, headed by Guy late King of Jerufalem, who for a great Sum had obtained his Liberty. Upon the Arrival of Frederick, the Chrifiians gave a fierce Alfault to the City on all Parts , and had taken it by Storm , had not Saladine the Egyptian Sultan, who lay hovering aloof with his Army , fallen upon their Camp, and thereby in the hottefl of the Allault obliged them to draw off to defend the fame, and having forced him to retire with the lofs of a few men, they returned again to the Siege, expeding the Arri- val of the Firft, King of England.^ and the Second, King of France.^ who were upon their way with great Forces^ but they wintering in thclfleof Sicilia , the French King out of Envy to the Glory of j the Englifijj and an old grudge having been formerly a- bout King Richard’s refufing the French King’s Siller, and marrying the Daughter of the King of Navar.^ the French King not long after returned home , and withdrew 00 The Turkipj Hijlory. withdrew his Army to the fruftratingthe whole defigrt of recovering Jernf^lem-j yet at prefent he diffembled the matter , and loofing firil -from the Port of arrived at Ptolomau , where th^ChriJUans lay ftill in- camped, after whom King Richard fhortly followed jbut fay ling by Cyprm , his Fleet was difperfedby a Storm, and two of his Ships falling on ground onthatCoaft, the Iflandersfpoy led them , and when the reft of the Fleet put in there , they rudely withftood their land- ing, vs'hich fo inragedKing Richard^ that he landing by force, feifed the Illand, and tookthe King thereof Pri- ibner , and lent him bound in Chains of Silver to Syria. The King having fecured the Ifland to his ufe, dif. anchored and failed to Ptolomais , where he was joy- fully received of the Chnjiian Princes, upon whofe Ar- ril^'al the City after a Itot /yfault , and a great breach in tlie Wall, was furrendrecl upon condition the Garri- fon might depart with fafety , for which they were likewife to pay a great Ranfom to deliver the Holy Crofs they had in polTelTion , and a certain number of them to remain as Hoftages, that the Saladine deliver fuch Chnjhan Prifonersas he had in his power, w hereupon the Germans of Aafiria entered firft the breacli, and advanced the Standard of their Duke up- on the Wail , as if by their only valour the City had been vnin’d, which fo offended King Richard., that hfe caufed the Standard to be thrown down, and trampled on, which Indignity the Duke refentedfo heinoufly, that to the great hindrance of the Wars in Syria., he re- turned with his Forces into ^nfiria as likewife did the King of Fravee vvith thegreateft part of his Army, under pretence he did it for vrant of health in fo hot a Clime , but indeed out of fecret Envy to King Rich- ard. Saladin hearing of *t-he lefsning of the Chrifiian Ar- The. Turk iff} Hifiory. 5 I my j and that there ftill remained amongfl; them difl content, refufed to pay the money for the Ranfom of the Hoftages , or deliver up the ChriFfian Prifoners ; but threatned that if any Extremity was ufed by the King towards them, he would behead all the Chriitian Prifoners, the which notwithftanding the Holbages were not hurt, he moft barbaroully performed ^ in re- turn whereof the King commanded 2500 of theHo- Itages to be executed in the light of the Injidds Camp, and refolved to give him battd , which he petLeiving raifed his Camp , and departed along the Sea Coalt, ruining the ftrong Towns, to prevent their falling into the hands of the Chnfiians , who leaving Ptolonmis ftrongly fortified, followed clofe at his heels, refolving to befiege Jernfalem which he perceiving, and taking fuch advantage as the time and place would afford, faced about : So that both Armies meeting about Noon, a dreadful conflidt began, which continued with great daughter , efpecially on the part of the Turks, till Eve- ning : at what time the Vidory fell to the Clmflians, who had the Execution of the Infidels for feven miles but Winter coming on, they difpofedof the Army till Spring , in the Towns that Saladine had ruinated , re- pairing and fortifying themflronger than before ^ but when Spring came , upon mull ’ring tlie Army , they were found greatly decreafed by difeafes and abfent- ing , and at the fame time the King found the Duke of Burgundia, under whofe command the French King had left part of his Army, ftill to crofs his purpofe, as de- firous to return home , having received fuch Orders privately from the King his Mailer, who was contra- ry to his Oath taken at his departure warring upon the Normans^ then King Richard's Subjedls, and that others were of the like mind, found hirafelf altogether too weak to befiege Jerufaiem, and hearing how the French King had incited his younger Brother to take up- on 3 2 The Turki/b Hifiory. on him the Government of the Kingdom of England, fearing left while he was warring abroad, he mighj^' loofe his Kingdom at home, herefolvedtomake fucli conditions with the Sultantain,as might be bell for the advantage of the Chrifiians in Syria, and fo imbarqiie for England , which the crafty Infidel underflanding, and finding his power daily to decay, would hearken to no other Propofals, than that the Chrifiians fnould fur- render all the Towns they had taken, Ptolomais ex- cepted, and in conlideration thereof be fuffered to live in Peace, which being concluded on, the King leaving Count Henry of Chanifaigne his Lievetenant of Syria, imbarked with his fair Queen, who had accompanied him in his tedious Expedition , but by the way being feparatedfroin the reft of his Fleet, fuffered wrack up- on the Coaft of Hifiria, and attempting with a fmall retinue to walk over land in the Habit of a Templar, he was difcovered, and by the command of the Duke i of Hiifiri a (in whofe Territories, and whom he had i difgraced at the Siege of by throwing down ' his Standard) taken Prifoner , and by him fold to the ' or Henry for 4Q000 pounds, who kept him pri- foner a year and three months, and then received for his Ranfom i 50000 pounds. But the Ship that the Queen and her Ladies were in , arrived fafe in Eng- land. Soon after the King’s delivery, news came that Sala- d.vnc the great Sultan was dead, which caufed the Prin- ces of animated by Pope Ce/f/iww, to under- ■ take a third Voyage for the Recovery of Jernfalem. Idle Dukes of Saxony and Jhifiria commanding in Chief, and with them went many Bifhops , who upon tlieir Arrival joyned with the Chrifiians they found I tliere, and repaired Joyya, the which whilft they were : doing, the Tarkif} Army approached, whereupon they drew out, and in pitched battle overthrew them, but 1 to The Turkijfy Hiftory. 5 5 to the Lofs of their two Generals, the former dying within four days after the Viftory of a Fever, and the latter of the Wounds he had received. And in fine, news coming that Henry the Emperour was dead,moft of the chief Captains returned home, in hopes to be elected Emperour. After which the Turks took and put all they found in it to the Sword, but at the infrance of Pope Innocent the third, Th'iiy the French King lent 5000 Souldiers, under the leading of Strnon Count of Mont-ferat to joynthe Chriftians, by v/hofe good condud things were fo ordered that they procured to live at peace in Tyre and Ptolomais^ where 1 (ball leave them and return to the Leffer and relate by wliat means the fir ft Empire in Perfia was brought to nought. CHAP. V. The ruin of the Turks yfr/? Kingdom in Afia, hy the Tartars. THe Turks having floutiflied in Perfia and the Lefler yifia by the Space of about 200 years under the Succefhon of divers Sultans and Kings : The Tartars a rough Savage People, dwelling in the cold b-arren parts of Afia Northward , under the leading of Ziugis their pretended Prophet, having vrafted all before them, pafTed the high Mountain Cancafus^ and part of the Mountain Tanrm^ came on upon the more fertile part of Afm^ like a deluge, whofe huge numbers were iiich that in a fhort time under the leading of Hoccata^ old Ziugids Son,himfelf being dead,before they had far proceeded they in a trice overrun Indta^ Perfia^ and D almoft 34 Turkifh Hijlory. 2lmofl; all the other Countries of Afia none being able to ftand before, nay fo fearful were they to the Nations that at their Approach without giving battle Kings with their People fled not into fenced Cities but their Contrics and aniongft the reft Curfumes or as the Greel^wiW have it Corfautes : The Tnrkijh Sultan of Tcrfui leaving all the Cities naked to be poiTelTed without reiiftance by the Barbarous Enemy ^ who in his flight dyed being the iaft King Linaly de- fended of the Sdzjiccian Family Reigning in Perfia^ whereupon his Son V^narchan taking upon him the leading the People that followed his Father feized upon Babilof!^ now called Bagadet^ fuppofmg it the fafeft place of refuge, and the better to fecure it put to the Sword all the Inhabitants, but kept it not long,for the il followed hard after him, took the City by Storm, j and in it him a Prifner, expell’d all his People, and fo ' pairing on Conquered Armcma^ Colchis^ Iberia^ and juany other Countries both in the Great and Lelfer Afia^ formerly polfelTed by the Turks^ they by this means being quite driven out of Per/ia^2bo\it the year of our Lord, 1202. yet there was found one of the Sel- z.ucc'un Family though not of the Royal Stem, named Afadrrte Son to Kei Hiifren who gathering the fcattered Tudzs wiio flocked to him in great numbers and taking ■ the advantage of the Greeks divilions amongft them- felves, Seized upon Cilkin and the Countries adjoyning and there flrft at Sabefiia and Secondly at Iconium erect- ed their new Kingdom, which of this is by the ; TurH called the Kindom of the Aladine Kings. And I by this means the Tarkif} Monarchy in Per/ia was j received ^ the Tartar Hoccata Stiling hirafelf great : King and Lord of all the Eaftern Countries. i During this mutation, the Conytantino^^oluan Etnpire ! groaned under Inteftinc broyles, which caufed Alexns who had deprived his Elder Brother Ifaac of the Em- pire; The THrkfjJj H’fiory. j r* pire for the Settlement thereof and feciiringhiinfelf iri his throne to feek after the Life of the young Prince his Brothers Son, who was adive in recovering to his Father the Empire that of right appertained unco him, wihich inforced the Prince to crave aid of I'hi/ip tlie Emperor of Germany^ and the reft of the Princes of that Empire, and fo prevailed by means of his Sifrer, who was Married to the Laid Emperor chat being recom- mended by him and the Fre>7cb King to the Array, then making an other expedition into the Holy Land and by them taken into protection with a Solemn promife of reftoring him to his rightful Inheritance : In confi- deration of w'hich, he obliged himfelf to pay the French a great fum of Money, and to make P.eftitution to the Venetians the lolTes they fuflained in the time of the Emperor F^mannel by reafon ot an I/nhargo lay’d upon their gallies and feizure of the goods of their March and Recompence the Italians by reducing the Crteic. Churches to the obedience of the See of Roine^ forofthofe three Nations vcas moftly this Army com- pofed which confilfed of near two hundred thoufand Horfe and Foot. Upon thefe conliderations was the Voyage, in order to the Recovery of what w^as loll in Syria put off and all the forces bent againft ConHantinople where the Uftirper rchded, who lield his Brother the rightful Em- perour in Prifon, having deprived him of his fight, and coming before the port wdth their huge fieet thatal- molf covered the Ocean, they foon broke the chain and entered with their Galley, upon fight of which thofethat kept the Creek, GalUes in the port lied and left them as a prey to the Latins^ for fo they called the Weftei n Chrifiians^ wdto not content therewith bnt refolutely thrulling on fnore a hot Skirmiih, fore’e thofe that guarded it to retire, and for Safety re-enter the City, which the Ufarper perceiving and well weighing l;e j 6 The Turkijh Hi (lory, was no ways able tooppofe Inch an Army, taking with him all his Treafure,. and feveral of his trufty Friends, fled by night, upon which die Citizens to avoid being facked took the Old Emperor out of Prifon ^ and the Second time proclaimed him Emperor, and immediately opened their gates, and admitted the Army calling them their deliverers^ but this their Alacrity lafted not, for the Prince having made known his promifes , and the Old Emperor confirmed the fame, the People upon Settlement of the Taxes whereby fuch Sums Ihouldbe railed as might fatisfie the Conquerors, they grew dilfatisfied, and raifed tumults in feveral parts of the City^ the better to Allay which, and to bring them to a Compliance, the good Emperor defired the Lanins to retire to their Camp^ which was performed, but e're he could prevail with the Citizens to pay the Tax required, he through lofs of Sight and other Infirmities died, and had tlie Prince his Son Saluted Emperor in his Stead, who dclirous to perform his Promife with the Latins^ proceeded where his Father left off, but to no purpofe ^ for when he prelfed the raifing of the Money before mentioned, they rofe in Armes, and iiovving like a Torrent to the Palace, threatned to deprive him both of his Life and Empire if he did not deliil, which fo affinghted him that he fent to the Lattn General, to enter with a part of his Army pri- vately into the City, at a gate which he would deliver him at a time prefixed;, to which intention of the Em- perors one Ak.xwa Diicas being privy, Surnamed for his Beetle Browns Marfa ffle^ one who by the Emperors Fa- ther h.ad been raifed from a low condition to the heiaht of Preferment, and thinking no opportunity more fit to afpire to Empire, after wdiich he had a long time thuifed then the prefent occafion, he gathered the People in tumults and informed them what was in- tended,andthen under a Simile ofFriendlhip came to the young The TurkifJj H'/fiory. 57 young Emperour,and feizing upon his Perfon, caiiftd Lim to be Irnprifoned, and by inlinuating himfelf into %ie good liking of the Mobile, procured himfelf to be proclaimed, which was no fooner done but he Ibrangled the Emperor, and attempted to fire the Gallics, which fo inraged the Ckriftians^ that they rcfolved to lay clofe Siege to the City, the which after the over- throw of thellfurpers Army under its Walls they did, and firing it in divers Places entered, upon which the Tyrant fled. The City of Confimtinofle thus taken the 12 of Jip-il J204, or as fome will have it 120c, the Citi- zens Lives at the requelt of the Religious were fpared, but their Wealth becamea prey to the Soaldiersft'onow thofe that refufed to part with a little at the requelt of their Natural Lord for the fupport of his Honor and their Safety, were now obliged to part with all. After the Sack of this City molt of the Cities of the Empire yeilded, whereupon the Princes alTembling chofe Baldwin Earl of Flanders and Hanault^ Emperor, and amonglt the other Princes was the Empire di- vided into Provinces, each holding his Principality in fee of the Emperor as their Supream Lord. Things being at this pafs news came that Theodorim Lafearis had fortified Adria.nofle^ and railing forces for the recovery of the Gret\ Empire v/hich caiifed the Latins under the leading oftheir Emperor to March againfthim, who upon news oftheir Approach retired into the City, which he llrongly fortified expecting no lefs then a Siege, which accordingly was lay’d at what time John King of Baharta^ otherwife called Myjia a large Kingdom lying Ixtwcen the great I\loun- tain Ematis and Damthim^ aided by the Scythians a Barbarous People, came with a great power to raifethe Seige,againfl:iwhora theEmperordrew out his llrengths, but following too eagerly, the Scythian Horfemenfent Out 58 The Turkiffj Hijiory. r cut to Skirmifii on purpofe to train him into an Ambufh, he fell in with the Kings power amongft the Woods and Ivlountains, where being over weary ed with the tediot^ puriuitjie wasoverthrown^himfclf taken Prifoncr,and his Army for the moK part Slain, nor fufficed it the Barba- rous King to have him in his Power, but after an Inhu- mane manner cutting off liis hands and feet, caff him yet living into a deep Valley, where he miferably 'periflied, and thus died the firil nioff Valiant Emperor of the i Lmns in CanFl-am'wo^le e’re he had Reigned a fuU year. The Emperor Bddwtn being dead, Henry his Brother was chofen in his ftead, who to revenge his Brothers Death aided by the Lattrn Princes, Marched againft the Bnrhartans ( who hightened with their Succels rvere far advanced, wafting with Fire and Sword all they found in their way ) and after many notable overthrows given, drove them out of all the places they had taken. During thefe proceedings Akxns Tnxas Surnamed T2k7x«/j?LTalling into the hands of the L-ittins had his Eyes put out, and in that manner being lent to Confinntino[>le, was Condemned to be thrown from a high Tov/er for ftrangling the young Emperor, which Sentence as a reward ot his Treafon wms put in Execution. And the other Alexits commonly called the Uftirper, who deprived the Emperor Jfnac of his Sight and depofed him, hearing that his Son In-Law Reigned in Achianoyle denrous of his Kingdom, event to the Court of the lArkijh Sultan , Jathmnes Keigiiing in Iconinm (to whom he during his holding the Imperial Dignity in Confimitnovle ^ had ftiewed great khidnefs during his being exil'd h.y his Brother Aumnes ) and there fo prevailed that tiK "ultan raifed an Army of 20000 Horfe and Foot, and with it lay’d Seige to Amioch ^ part of the Adrianotoluan Kings pominions, of which he had no fooner notice, but The Tiirkijh Hifiory. with what Forces he could raife on the fudden, he po- fted thither, and fetting furioudy upon the Sultans Army flew him in the Head thereof, which fo difcouraged the Turks^ that notwithftanding Vitlory inclined to their fide, they fled and left the City free ^ In this battle was taken Akxm\j^\Q. Author of the War, whom his Son-in-law notwithflanding ufed with great refpcet, though contrary to his defert. In the mean time the ten years Truce between the Chriftians mSyria^ and the Tiirk^ drew to a Conchifion : And Almericus King of Cyprus and Titular King of Jr- rnfalem, refufing to aflifl: them with Provifions and the like, the great Mafeers of the Knights Templets, and Hofpitalers fent to complain thereof to the Popc^ and to inform him, that there wms yet living one A£t- ry the Daughter of the Marquefs of Mom-Ferrat^ a L,a- dy of incomparable Beauty, wflio they as her Tutor had brought up in hope of the Kingdom, and were now ready to bellow her uponfiich aPerfon, as lie fhould think worthy of her, together with her Riglit and Title to the Kingdom of Jerufalem-^ upon wlikh the Pope difeharged of the Title of King of Jeritfalem, and gave it to "john Count D' Ere?mc^ of the Daulphinate in France. A man of great Fame and Courage, and then in Arms amongil the Latin Princes, who upon notice thereof committing his Earkloine to the care of his Brother, failed v/ith a competent nr.m- ber of his followers to Tyre, where he efpeufed tl'e Lady, and not long after the Pope, 'viz. Pope Inno- cent the third, calling in a general Council, fo dealt with the Princes and Prelates, that great Forces were again raifed for the relief of the Chrifiians in tite ILoly Land.^ who fetting fail took mane Itrong Towns and Caftles on the Sea-Coaft, and at lalt came with a great Fleet, and an Army by Land before former- ly called Pehifium , fituate upon tbe Bank of PFFms ; D 4 refolving 40 The Turk/Jl) Hifiory. refolving to begin firft with 'Egyft^ that Valefiine might follow, where building Towers of Wood upon Gal- lysj they fought with thofe that kept the Walls at even hand, and after great daughter on both fides took the Suburbs, wherein they found not only ftore of Provifion, but infinite Riches being the Merchan- dife of Ferfia^ Arabia^ Jndia^ and Fgypf-> that being the chief Scale of Trade in thofe parts. During this Tranfadion the Sultan lay hbvering aloof with his Army, not daring to ingage the ChrijHans^ and fo long he continued that Want began to rage in his Camp ; infomuch that he was obliged to fend away one part of his Army. The Infidels thus foiled, though the City ftill held out, Corradine^ Sultan of Damafco and Jernfalem fent his Ambaflador to the Chrifiian Princes, to fue for Peace, for hirafelf and his Brother the Sultan of^gypt : In lieu whereof he promifedto reflorc the Holy-Crofs, and all the Towns his FathQi' Saladine had taken from theC^ri- Jfians^yvhkh large offer was thought reafonableby moft of the Princes, none oppoling it but Pelagm the Popes Legate, John the late made King of Jemfakm , the Mailers of the Knights Templers and Hofpitallers, and the Duke of Anjlria^ they alledging that the War was undertaken generally againll the hijdcls^ and that they ought not to defiR, till they had brought them under. Whereupon the Sultan fuppoling they would fpee- dily come to Jem falem j can fed it to be rafedall , ex- cept the Tower of Damd^ and tlie holy Sepulcher ; which at the inilancc of the Chrijlians there dwelling, lie fpared, and then with all liis people departed to Da- ?iiafco^ but foon after the ChriJHans^ though too late , repented their refilling fo advantageous an offer for by reafon of the raw Damps and Vapors thatafeend- ed from Nilm ^ a mortal Contagion raged in the pamp, and much weakened it ^ fp thgt the Sultan The Turk//h H/jlory. 41 king the advantage , indeavoured to put fuccors into the Town, with fuch fpeed that many entered, ere the Chrifiians could take the Alarum ^ but they falling in the Rear cut off a great number that were Ihut out , left the Chrifiians fnould have entered Pell-mel with them intotheCity, and heightened with this fuccefs, they marched to the Sultans Camp and dared him to battel, but he not willing to hazard his Kingdom upon a call, refufing, they allaulted him in his Lodging. In which daring Attempt, the French General was loft v/ith ma- ny more of note ^ fo that without fuccefs they again returned to the Siege : Famine beginning to rage ex- treamly in the City, and foon after its attendant the Plague, of which fuch a number died , that there were none left to defend it. So that the ChriBians en- tering, found all the Streets paved with the dead, 70000 of the Infidels having perifhed therein through obftinacy, who upon furrender might have had their Lives and Liberties. Thus this great City after a years Siege was taken, the Third of November^ 1221. After which the Pofes Le- gate laying Claim to it in the behalf of his Mailer ; though at the beginning of the War the Princes had concluded that all the Cities and Towns taken, Ihould be put into the Poflefiion of the King of Jcrufalem^ a Conteft arofe between them, infomuth that the King retired to Ftolomals^ and was hardly intreated to re- turn;, upon whofe return, and the Arrival of the Duke of Bavaria^ with frelh Forces at the Legates in- treaty, a great part of the Army was drawn forth in order, to the bcheging the City of which they effefted not without hopes of winning it, but being un- acquainted with the Country, they iiKamping in low Ground, the Egyptians drew up the Sliices of NiUts^ and overflowed their Camp, invironing it round withi Wa- ters,of a prodigious depthnSo that many periiiied thcre- in. 42 The Turkijh Hijlory] in, and at lafl were obliged to re-deliver Damata for their Ranfom, and lb the Sultan relieving them with fuch neceflaries as they wanted, caufed them to be Conduced out of Egyft : Whereupon molt of them returned into their own Country, having firlt conclud- ed a Peace for eight years with Coradine^ the Sultan of Da/nafcOj which Peace was by the Infidel inviolably ob- ferved. King John upon his return, at the inllance of Honor em^ gave his Daughter Yoland in Marriage, to FredrickMin^ of 5ic';7w,and with her the Title of Jern- Jale/n fivom whence the fucceedings derived their Titles, inltiling themfelves Kings of Jerujdem. And now Henry the fecond Emperor of Confi-antino- fie being dead, having Reigned eleven years and fome odd days, Peter Count of was made Emperor in his Itead j who in revenge to Injuries done to the He- nenans by Theodoms^ dngelms Prince of Efirm befieged him in Dirrachiim •, but upon his feigned SubmilTion a Peace was concluded, when the Emperor too much crediting the perjured Wretch, going into the City Ilenderly attended to an Entertainment, to which the Efhot had invited him, was by his Commandment llain. Upon the News of this lad difafter, the Conjinntino- folitafis elefted his Son Robert to fuccecd him, but he lived not long, for having married a beautiful Lady before Contraded to a noble man of Burgmdia^ he in revenge, in the Emperors abfence, with a refolute Company broke into the Pallace, and there feizing up- on the Emprefs cut off her Nofe, and Ears ^ and after- ward finding her Mother, who had been the caufe of the breach, of the aforefaid Contrad, threw her into tiie Sea, and fled into the Woods and Mountains, living as an out-law with the reft of his Companions, which Cruelty and difgrace lo grieved the Emperor, that going to Rome in his return he died. After him fucceed- The Turk/(h Hiflory. 4 j cdhis Son by the name of Baldwin Second, being the fifth and laft Emperor of the Lanins in Confiantim- fle. For Lafcares of whom 1 have before fpoken after the overthrow he gave the Sultan migfitily increafing his Power, rigged a great many Ships and Siezed upon all the Iflands in the Jeonmn^ and Egean Seas^ Lefbos^ Chios^ Samos^ Rhodes^ &c. And by that means ren- dered himfelf fo formidable that moft Cities before in the poiTelTion of the Lattins revolted to him, info- much that without any great refinance he brought his Army to the Gates of Confianiinople^ and then dying left his Son John Ducas Bataz.es to fucceed him, who profecuting the War againft the Lattins became more terrible then his Father, lirengthening himfelf by a Marriage between Helena daughter to Ajjan King of Bulgaria and his Son Theodore : And alter that renewed the League with tlic Sultain of Iconiitm^ who was then bulled in Warring againft the Tar- tars. During thefe paflages, EredricIt^thQ German Empe- ror, with great forces palled into Syria^ but by Rea- fon he did not humble himfelf to Greogry tliC ninth ■, the proud Prelate incited thereto by ins Strumpci', Fulminated againft him with Excommunications, fend- ing his Letters to the Chrif-ians^ not to aid nor re- ceive him upon his Arrival: hut they did not regard the imperious Pope, for upon his Landing with his forces at Ptolomais^ he both joyfully and honoura- bly received the Pope. Likevvife fent Letters to Saltan Meladine^ not to come to any agreement with him, but utterly to deftroy, but all fell out contrary to his Impious delire, for the Emperor behaved himfelf fo bravely both in Valour and Conduct, that after having given the Enemy divers overtlrrovvs, that the Sidtan fearing the ruin of Ins Kingdom was at hand ^ gladly accorded to deliver up the City of jernfidemy 44 Turki^ Hiflory. Jerufdetn^ with all the Land of Palefiwe^ together W'ith the Refpedtive Cities taken by the Sultan Sala- dinCf and all the Chrifiian Prifoners, in lieu of a ten years Peace which was accorded, and the Empe- ror with his Army coming to the defolate City of yernfalem, and there with great Solemnity on Eafier Day 1229 was Crowned King, and fo having fortifyed the City by repairing the Wall, and Garri- foncd Naz^emh^ and other ftrong Cities, and ap- pointed Reynold Duke of Bavaria his Lieutenant in Syria , he returned home, where the Pope had put his Subjects in an uproar, and Seized upon his King- dom of Naples^ working him greater troubles then arc convenient to»be here related, as not perti- nent to this Hiftory : only note that this was that Frederick.-, that marry ed the King of Jerttfaknis Daugh- ter, and with her had the Title of King of Jerafa- lem ^ which occafioned his fetting forward to take pof- felTion of that Kingdom. The Emperor was no fooner returned, but to fpight him, and break the ten Years League, hefentXmw King of Navar with a great Power into Syria to invade the Sultans Dominions but his Expedition was no ways profperons, joyning Battle wdth the Sul- tans Power, he and the reft of the Chriftians were o- verthrown, which occalioned the lofs of Jerufalem, foon after taken and rafed by the Turks., all the Souls that were found therein being put to the Sword, and wdth Impious and Sacrilegious hands demolilhed the Sepulchre of oni Lle"*>d Saviour which all o- ther Nations had with a Sacrcu reverence torborn to deface. The News of the great overthrow an l the lofs of Jerufaler,!^ coming to the Ears of the Cbrijnnn Princes of the Weft, greatly troubled Llicm, but moft; of all the Emperor and Lewis the Ninth King of France ; Infomuch The TurkijJj Mi[lory, 45 Infomuch that the latter gathering a great Power Amo 1248. fet Sail and came to the Ifle of Cyfrm and there wintered, by reafon of the far advancement of the Seafon, during which time he received an Embaifador from the Mafter of the Templars, to inform him that there was no need of liis coming by reafon the Sultan offered honourable terms, but the King underftanding that it was a contrivance between them that the Tem- plars might have the greater power, fent back to com- mand him under pain of forfeiting his head that he Ihould receive no more Emballadors from the Sultan, and Early in the Spring weighing Anchor within five or fix days fail he fell in with the Coaft of with all his fleet failing up the River EJile came be- fore Damiata, to oppofe whofe landing the Governour with what forces he could draw out flood upon the banks, but in vain they refilled, for the French-mefi manning out their boats thrufl on Ihore and put them to flight, leaving the Governour and 500 of their Compa- nions dead upon the Strand, and perceiving the Chnfi- ians were preparing to befiege the City tlie former Miferies it had induced coming afreih into their mind, they in the dead of night fet every man his houfe on fire and fled, which the Chriflians perceiving they entered the City, and exilinguilhed the flames, laving fo much as was pollible, and there found abundance of Riches. The Sultan upon notice of the lofs of this flrong City was greatly difmayed; Infomuch that he fent to the French King to offer him feveral places in Fdejlme , never yet in the polleflion of the Chriflians^ but his offer was rejeefed and Alexandria demanded by tlie Earl of Arthois the Kings Brother. During thefe llirs AdeUdwe the Sultan died, and his Brother AdeleflAalla or Succeded him, with whom joyned the Sultan of Damafeo^ to oppofe the ChnjHam 46 The Turktffj Hijlory. Chrifimm., and with his whole Power drew near to Damiata, where the Chriftian Army lay incamped ^ who Sallying out of their Trenches beat him back, but Sallying the next day, and following the Enemy too far many of them were flain, and the reft were forced to retire. Long they were not incamped , before a private Mellenger came to the King tirora the Governour of Cairo^ to inform him that if he would draw near to the Walls of that great City, he would put it into his hands ^ the faid Governour appearing to be much inclinable to the Chriflian Religion : Or, as fome will have it, out of Revenge for the Death of his Brother llain by the Sultans Command. Upon which the King ailembled all his Power, and marched till he came to an Arm of NUhs^ with part of his Army, under the Command of his Brother Robert Earl of Arthois pa- lling at a Foard, difcomfited the Turk^., that defended the further Bank j but contrary to the advice of the renowned Earl, and the Mailer of the Templers fol- lowing the Chafe e’r the other part of the Army ar- rived, he was incompaffed by the Sultans power, that lay in Ambufh j that not above two Templers, one Hofpitalcr, and a common Souldier efcaped to tell the heavy News. This News was feconded, with that of the Impri- fonment of the Governour of Cairo-, which altogether difappointed the King of his purpofe. Whereupon he palled the River at the fame Foard his Brother had n iiad given of her rare Perfeftion, which Otbo/naH well perceiving, and iharful that he fliould inforce her to his Lui]:, having great Power in that Country he fent her Parents notice thereof, wdio tender of their Daughters Honour, fenc Jier away fecretly, the which upon Knowledge it was done by Othomms means, fo inraged the Governoirr, tliat he vowed Ryvenge, and fent after him a llrong Party to 1 1 6o The Turki^y Wjiorp to feize him at the CafUe of In-Vngi, whither he knew he was gone, where being demanded of the Cap- tain of that Caftle, after fome Debate thofe that kept it refolved to defend him ^ but he not greatly trufting 'j them ( as knowing the Governours Power in thofe parts) with feveral of his trufty Friends, he broke through the Leagures^ killing fome, and difperfing the reft ; yet other Forces coming to their Afhftance, they followed him into his Fathers Territories, where his Danger was no fooner known, but all the Youths Arm- ed, and fetting upon the Governours Soldiers, they flew many,tookTome Prifoners,andput the reft to flight: So that Othoman began to be feared of fuch as hated him. Enogrnl being fpent with Age and Infirmity , crea- ted by lying in the Field, and watching in Camps, dyed in the ninety third year of his Age, Amw 1289. Having lince the Death oiSolymm his Father, governed the Ogu- :dan Family fifty two years, who now being dead, the Heads of the Family alfcmbled tochufe another Lord, and thereupon they pitched upon Dmder^ EmogruH Brother, but he by reafon of his great Age refufing the Honour \ they with one Confent eleded OrhomaNj fainting him by the Name of Beg or Lord, he being by this means become Lord of the fame Family. The Herdfmen that fed their Flocks upon the Mountains complained to him, of outrages done them in palling and repafling by the Garrifon or Soldiers of the Caftle of Ewegiol^ they being thereto incited by their Captain, W'itli which he being not a little grieved, fentto the Captain of Bikuiga his Friend, another Caftle not far dilrant from the fonr.cr, to permit his People to fhel- terand refrefn themfeices t.rvici!i, during their palfing and repafling to the Mountaim..^ lo which in Relati- on to the Turlijh Women he Comi.r.ted, but not to permit the Men for Fear of a furprize/ So that they went another vray, avoiding the former Caftle, but Qthom.n The Turkijh Hijiory. 6 1 Othoman flill Undying Revenge for the Injuries done to his People^ whereupon gathering what Force he could, he paired to the Mountains, in hopes to fur- prize it '■) but the Captain having notice thereof came out to meet him, laying an Ambufh in hopes to in- trap him, of which he being aware came not into it, but gave the Captain battle upon plain Ground ^ and after fome flaughter on both lide put him to flight, and pairing on took the Caltle of Chalce not far from Emgiol by furprize, putting all he found therein to the Sword, of which outrage great Complaint was made to the Governour of Cura-Chtfar^ and great Forces raifed to apprehend him, and deilroy the Ogn- z.ian Family, who as they faid coming not long be- fore, poor Herdfmen and Iheltered out of Pity, be- gan to Ufurp over the rightful Inhabitants. Againfl: thefe Preparations Othoman provided the bell he could, and near to Mount rwoA«, gave Battle to Calantu, Brother to the Governour of Can-.-Chifir^ who overthrown in the Battle loll his Brother Saragatine^ and many other Friends ^ when Ihortly af- ter Sultan Aladme the lall Sultan of honutm under- flanding what had happened, and that Othoman might Hand hira in Head againfl the Chrifiians^ gave him the City of Faleopoli^, with all the Territories thereunto belonging •• So by this means he became of a poor Hcrdfman, a formidable Governour, when not un- mindful upon what Account fuch a Favour was bellow- ed upon him, he entred into Confultation with his Brother Jundus., how he might bell get away, but he finding himfclf too weak, and by that means Conlidering he ihoulcl lay himfelf open to the Fury of the Tartar^ he refolved to make Peace with fuch as would accord thereto, and wait his better Fortune 5, for there wanted not fom.e of the Selzjiccian Family,thac greatly envied his Afpiring, yet incouraged by the Sultan, 6 2 The Turktpj Hifiory. Sultan, he took the ftrong Caftle of Cara-Chifar the refidence of his Enemy, and fo fettled his Affairs, winning upon his People with kind Speeches and boun- ty, that great numbers of the daily reforted to him. Now during the profperous Proceedings of Otho- wm^ there happened a Quarrel between the two Chrifiim Captains of Bdezjiga^ and Cupri-Chifar, upon which the former doubtiog his ftrength, and yet de- ilrons of Revenge folicited Othomm for aid, who in lieu of fome kindnelfes received, came to his Alfillance with I oo Turks ^ by whofe Valour he overthrew his Adverfary , took his CaRle, and put him to the Sword, which fo fwelled the Captain with Pride that he gave Othowan many rich Gifts, as likewife to his Soldiers ^ but what vexed them more then the Gifts pleafed them, he gave them his Hand to kifs j and a- bove all, who adviced with h\s, Cozen Dim der his Uncles Son, what Revenge was belt to be taken, to humble the Captains infolence ; but feeming to tlilfwade him from any fuch Attempt, and to be the Captains Friend, left he fhould relate his Intentions, and that redound to his prejudice, refolving to make all \ he at an advantage lliot his Cozen through with an Arrow, and hid him in the Sand. Long it was not after this Tranfadion, e’r he was invited by one Michael Cojf Captain of Hirtnen Caia^ to the Marriage of his Daughter, where according to the Cuftom of the Country , making large Prefents ^ the reft of Captains began to miftruft his greatnefs, fo that the Captain of Belez,aga relblved to prevent it with his Death, and therefore the better to have him within his Power, he invited him to his Wedding at a certain day, making Cofi privy to his Defign: And a little iiefore the appointed time, fent Cojfi to fetch him, wno was as ready to accompany him, which Cojfi per- ceiving. The Turk 'tJJj Hijlory. 63 ceiving, to prevent his Ruin difcovered the Compiracy againft his Life : Whereupon he Contraded a ft rid Amity with him, obliging him to fecrecy, and then be- gan to caft about how he might be revenged of the Laid Captain ^ and fo ordered it, that fending about forty men in a Carriage inftead of packs of Prefents, they, whilft the Captain and all his People, unlefs afew left to fecure the Caftle, by the help of fome Soldiers, who in the habit of Turkijh Women were fent thither by the Captains order, asOthomam Friends, furprized it, putting the Warders to the Sword .• Now came according the Caf)tains wifli, and flayed drink- ing with him in his pleafant Bowers, till he fuppofed his men had effeded his Commands *, and together with and fome other of his Companions retired, which the Captain perceiving, and loath to let him efcapc his Hands, as fuppofing he had him fure; he and all his Soldiers followed him, but being over-charged with Wine, they were by him and his Company lightly llain. Things thus profpering he followed his Advantage, and the next Morning furprized the Caftle of Jarcbi- far^ took the Captain Prifoner as likewife Litbnferthc fair Damofel with all her Attendants, thatiliould have the next day been Married to the Captain of Bilez^nga^ and gave her in Marriage to his Son Onhanes^ who had Ifliie by her Amirath^ the third King of the Tnrks^ and SolymmBaffa-^ and immediately thereupon beliegcd the Caftle of Einegiol^ which he took, and put the Garrifon to the Sword and now no longer refolving to play fnall Games, he befieged the City of Nice in Bythima^ not many years before the Seat of the Cree/c Emperor, to relieve which the Emperor fent fuch Forces as could upon fo fhort a warning be drawn together \ which Othomm encountring with overthrew, and af- terward by Famine conft rained the Citizens uponpro- raife of Life, to furrender tlie City with fpoils, of which 64 The Turkijh Hifior). which he greatly inriched himfelf,fending part thereof to the Sultan , who in requital ordered prayers to be put up for his profperous Succefs, promiling that he Ihould fucceed him in his Kingdom, of which being difappointed, at the death of the faid Sultan by thofe that divided it into anAnarchy,heneverthelefstookupon him the Dignity of a Sultan, Coining Money, and Cauling publick prayers to be put up in his own name, and fezing upon Neapolls^ made it his Regal feat calling it Defpoiopolps or the City of the Princcj and thus Anm 1300 begun the great Empire of the Turks.. This upftart Turk, having fo foon advanced his fortune, fetled his Government with wholefom Laws, the laft- ing Cords of Empire, and then drawing all his forces together lay’d Siege to Prnfia.^ during which the Chrifium Princes that bordered upon him, drew all their forces together, refolving to give him battle, but therein his good fortune prevailing they were over- thrown, whereupon leveral Towns and Caftles fell into his hands, fome furrendring voluntarily, and others by force compelled fo todo^ but the hrong City ofPr////>/,in which was the broken Army of the Chrijimns ■ , Rood impregnable, whereupon he built two Caftles to' j: block it up , and returned to Neapolis , fending his 1 1 Captains out daily with ftrong parties, to fetch q booties out of the Chnftian Territories, and to take in |i fuch Caftles as by fur prize, or otherwife might fall into c their hands .• His Power being now greatly increafed, a that he was able to draw into the Field 20 or 30000 ii Horfe and Foot, at what time Cojfi the Chnfiian Cap- a tain revolting, turned Turk.., and ftood Othomm in great ftead during liis Wars^ nor did the other Turks [ : in the Leifer u4Jia lefs indammagethe Chrifiians^ fo i i that the Greek Empire began to Dwindle into a fmall i. , Circumference, occalioned by the divilions amongft ;n themfelves about Religion j for young Baldwin the ' [rf Tntin The Turkiflj Hiflory. 6^ Latin Emperor, being expelled Confiantmofk^ as is aforefaidin flying into Germany^ lay daily at Charles the Emperor to reflrore him, which Paleologiis the Greek. Emperor underltanding , offered unto Pope Gregory the tenth, that if he would divert the Empe^ rors forces by intangling him in Domeftick troubles, he would fo order the matter that the Greek. Empire, in matters of Religion fhould acknowledge the See of Lome as Supream,and from thence take all directions as to Ecclefiailical affairs, which Innovation caufed divers tumults,and many to leave the Empire, rather chofing to dwell with the Tarks^ which troubles lafted to the Death of Pakologns^ nor could he fulfil his proraife to the Pope. After the Cree/^Emperors Death, fucceed- ed in the Empire , who was no lefs troubled with the Incurfions of the r//r^,yet he fought with them fe- veral Battles with various with Succefs,but then a diffe- rence arifing between him and his Brother Conflanrine, all his hopes of prevailing vanifh’d though without caufe,as moft believe fufpeftedhis Brothers afpiring to Empire, who was one of the chiefell Bulwarks a- againfl the Turks, beyond the River Meander, giving to them many a fatal overthrow, yet v/as he caff in Prifon, with many of his followers, and one Alexus Philanthropeniis made General of the Army, in his Read, to whom was joyned Libad.r,ins , an experienced Cap- tain, and grave Councellor, the former of which after having obtained many Vidlories over the Turks and Tartars, perfwaded by the Cretenfians , Rebelled againfl the Emperor, taking upon hirnfelf the title of Emperor, which failed not long, for being over- thrown by the latter in a mortal Battle, was delivered bound by his Souldiers to the Conqueror, who de- priving him of his Sight,fent liim to the Emperor, then refiding at ConJlamkoj)le, F 66 The Turkjfh Hiflory. The Rebellion created fuch Jealoufie in the Emperor, that he chofe rather to trnil ftrangcrs, then his own- ■ Subjeds, fo that he having notice of the Maffagetes^ a People dwelling beyond Jfler^ being opprplled by the Tartars^ he upon their Supplication, appointeti them part of his Dominions, whereupon they came over to him with about loooo families, which caufcd him to fall into the difpleafure of his Subjeds j thefe new-come gueff:s,bcing compleatly Armed,he fentthem with many others, againft the Turks ^ under the leading of his Son, and Partner in the Empire Michael Pako- logHs^ who at the firft: fight of the Turks, without fo much as ftriking a ftroak fled, which gave the Ene- my the advantage of conquering the Country as far as Lefbos. After this as if defliiny had fo willed it, the Emperor called to his aid Ronz.erws a Pirate, who came with 2000 Catalonians, and afterwards increafed his number by fending for more, who affirfl: did confiderable fer- vice, but within a while fell to fpoiling and plundering the Emperors Dominions in Afia, worfe then the r«/-^-,aslikewife by fetting out certain Gallies, robbed all the Merchantsthat palled thofe Seas, till at laft their Gallies being defl:royed< by a Fleet of the Genoways^ and their Captain tlain, by the command of the young Emperor, they called in the Turks, having firfi: feized upon the City of Caliplis-, againft thefe who with joynt forces harafed the Country, the young Emperor went in perfon, but was overthrown and moft of his Greeks llain,upon the revolt of the APaffagets 2nd othertrcache- rous Mercenaries, wdio w’ere ihortly recompenced according to their deferts^ for being about to return home with the fpoil they had gotten, the Catalonians fet upon them, and put him all to the Sword , taking frem them a rich booty, apd then palfing through many Countries^ ( The Turkijb Hijioryi, Countries, they left the Emperor free, till at la/l com- ing to the Territories of the Duke of Thebes^ and he refofing to give them palfage, they in a fet battle over- threw his power and feizedon his Country, in which tliey fettled themfelves, where their PoJberity to this day remains. But this freed not the Emperor of the danger, for the Turks coming dowm in great number, and having overthrown the young Emperor fpoiled all Thracia^ to ftay whofe fury Vhtks Pakologns a devout man ancl Kinfman to the Emperor, undertook the defence of his bleeding Country, and meeting them as they were ranging to and fro burning and deftroying all before ’um, he in a fet battle overthrew ’um, ancl forced ’um into the City of Cherjmefus^ v^d';erc he fo ftraightly befieged them by Sea and Land, that igdeavouring to break through the Leaguer, they were moft of them flain, and the reft taken Prifoners. Things being at this pafs, and by this means peace Recovered to the Empire , inteftine broyles be- gan anew to be fomented by the factious Greeks ^ for the young Emperor being dead, they ftirred up young u4dromcHs his Son , to depofe his Grand-father the old Emperor, which after feveral Stratagems and devices he effected, taking the City of Confiantinoflehy treafon, and calling him in Prifon where of grief he foon after died. Thefe Civil dilTenfions of the Cm^amongll them- felves, gave Othommi the opportunity to found his Em- pire in Phrygia and Bythima^ where being fuccefsful in all his Attempts he mightily incrcafedhis Dominions, having by this time fubdued 20 Cities with all their Territories, and amongft the reft Prajia, which after along Siege w'orn out with Aano 1327 yield- ed upon feveral Articles, few of which were afterward F 2 obferved. 68 The Turkipj FUjlory. obferved, by the Turh^ which being the greateft City in tiiofe parts of -Afu^ became for many years after the feat of the Turkip Kings. But as all men muft yield to death, fo in the 28 year of his Reign, and the 6p year of his Age Othoman the Founder of the Turkiji Empire, [till called from him the Othoman Empire,died, and was buried in Pm/ta^ where to this day his Tomb is to be ieen,and in his new acquired Kingdom, his Second Son fucceeded him, his eldelt dying during his Regency. CHAP. VII. The Life and yPcHons of Orchanes , othermfe Qrchan, Second King of the Turks m Afia. TH E F uneral rights of this great Conqueror being performed by his Sons, viz^. Orchanes, alias Vr- chan, his Second Son, and Aladin his third and youngeft Son, and he having left great llore of wealth, Orchanes ills Succedbr took upon him the rule of the Kingdom, allotting to liis Brother Aladin, at his requeft the Lordlliip of Fodore in the Teckences Country , where he lived a private Life, without doing any thing worthy of memory, but Orchanes now fettled in his Kingdom, Ibllowing his fathers footfteps, whofe Armies of late he had altogethei' commanded as his General, he forgat not to proceed where he had left off, and therefore pre- pare to War upon the Chrifiians, but at firft with no great Succefs , for the ChriJHans_ upon the death of Otho/m'n^ The Turki/Jj Hifiory. Othomn ^6iX2.Wm^ theirforces together out of all parts, recovered the City of Nice, with divers Caflles and Towns, and amongftthe reft the Caftle T zjtfrkhifer, which greatly hindered the Twr^excurlionsjwho dwelt in Bithynia', whereupon Orchanes upon notice that it was flenderly Guarded, w^ent with feveral of his fol- lowers, in the attire of Merchants, and by that mean? deceiving the vt^arders got admittance, but w’ere no fooner entered e’re they proved fatal ones-, for drawing their Swords they put all fuch as they found therein to death, and feized the Cafde, and having Garrifon- ed it, paired on to the City of Nice, to which they lay’d fiege, when to refcue it the young Emperor u4rjdro?7icHi came with fuch pow'er as he could raife, but being for the mofl part unexperienced Soldiers, the Turks from the Mountains, as they were palTing through the hot Country, fetting upon them a cruel battel begun, but night coming on they parted by con- fent, yet in this fight the Emperor loft near half his People, and was himfelf wounded with an Arrow, fo that defpairing of effefting what he came for,leaving his Tents and great ftore of Furniture therein, ev^ery man Ihifted for himfelf in the dead of Night, fo that next Morning what they left became a prey to the Infidels^ who hightened by this Succefs, took in feve- ral Sea Towns, and w'ithin a while recovered the City of Nice, by Stratagem; As thus the Emperor in his flight thither from his Camp, had premifed to fend them 1 ooo Horfe-men of which Orch.mes having notice difguifed 800 of his men in Grecian habit, and fent them with full inftruftions, who being come within fight of the City, he fent out 300 other in habit as foragers, whom the other efpying, as if they had been ignorant of the Matter, turned upon t!iem,and after a feigned fkirmifh put them' to flight, then taking thicir way to the City, the Citizens who from their walls had 70 7lje Turkljh Hijiory. beheld what had palled joyfully opened their Gates, fuppoiing them to be the Emperors promifed Aid j but they no fooner entered but the other 300 Horfe, and feveral Companies of Foot who lay in Ambufh, were at their Heels ; by which means that great City was a fecond time taken by the Titrks^ whofe Riches became a prey to the Soldiers, and whofe Inhabitants became of free Perfons miferable Captives. The Fate of this great City followed many others in the fame Trad, the Turks wafting all before them as they went, miferably burning up what they could not carry aw^ay *, fo that the Countries before them were difpeopled, all the Inhabitants flying from them, as a ten-fold Contagion ,• So that no conliderable Forces being fent from the Emperor, the Cities fell into his Hands in great abundance, and above all being deli- rous to poflefs the two fair Caftles of Abyd^s and SeJhfSy he fent Accecoz.zA, one of his great Captains to win them if pofiible, who by the way having In- telligence that the Captains Son of the Caftle of Sca- 7',mndra being dead, his Funeral was fuch a day to be Solemnized without the Walls ^ whereupon laying an Arabulhment, they upon the Mourners approach, fuddenly ifluedfrom their Coverts, and flew feveral of them, taking the remainder Prifoners, and amongfl them the Captain, Vvdom they carried to the Caftle j telling thofe that kept the Walls, that if they did not deliver it, he fnould be put to a Cruel Death be- fore their Eyes j at which nothing difmayed they re- turned Anfwer, that they might Kill him, Eoyl him, and Eat him if they pleafed, but as for the Caftle they would not deliver it ; whereupon he flnding it a work of great Difficulty to take by force, departed to Stfiyj which he with little Difficulty took, and had his Prifoners Ranfomed for a great Mafs of Mony, and amongft the reft, the Captain of Scr\mandra j and now The Tttrkijlj Hiflory. 7 1 now \Ahydos flanding in Europe on the other fide the Helleffont^ was the only -place Aimed at, when, as Fate w'ould have it, the Night before the Tiuki came before it the Captain of the Caftles Daughter dreamt that fhe falling into a miry Pit, a young Gallant coming by plucked her out, and made her Clean the which as fbon as ever fhe viewed Abdurachwan one of the Tur- k^j}] Captains, fhe fancied him to be the fame Perfon file had beheld in her Vifion, and fo ftrongly her fancy wrought, that w'henhe lead up his Forces againft the Wall, fhe out of a Tower from w'hence fhv: beheld what was done , tolfed a Letter tyed to a Lone at his Feet, wherein fhe exprelfed her PaiTion, ProteLing that if he would accept of her Love, Ihc would on fuch a Condition betray the Caftle into his Hands. This Letter being Ihewed to old Accecoz.z/t^ he much doubt- ed the real Intention, fearing it wasadehgn to draw them into Danger^ but upon Abdiirachfuan that he might undertake the Enterpirize, he Confcnt- ed;, it being agreed, that to give the belieged the lefs Sufpicion, the Army fhould give a general adault, and then draw off, the which being done, the Garrifon buried in Sleep and Wine for joy of the TttrJ^ depar- ture, negleding their Watches ^ the Captain being Condudled by his Miftrefs a private way, entered with about fifty Followers, and putting the Warders to the Sword, opened the Gates and let in the Army, vdio the next Morning took the Garrifon. The Tniks departed with their Prifoners and Inch Booty as tliey found ; The Tratyrefs being given to Abdnrac'mTurn as a reward of his Advent’ rous undertaking, not long after Accecoz^ZA dying, Orchnnes made his Sons, A/nur.nh and Solyman Lords of the Provinces he had taken from the Chrifiians ^ who lay’d Siege to the City of Nicvmcdh^ which dcfpaiving of fuccour, furrender’d upon Condi- tion, that fo many as would depart might, and thole F 4 that 7 2 The Turkijl) Hijlory. that would ilay there might, without any hurt ; Ei- ther Body, or Goods, of which City Solyman was made Governour, and thereupon he removed his Court from Prufa to Nke^ that he might be near his new Conquefts at all times, to give fuch neceflary Or- ders as were Convenient ^ and fo profpered that he foon after got PolTeffion of Taraxa^ Govinucia^ and Mndnrne-^ and railing a puiflant Army, he invaded the Country of Citrafiana^xhQ Brothers of the deceafed King being at odds about the SuccelTion ) and foon over-run it, forcing one of the Brothers to lly iwto Pergamim^ and the other as his Faffal to hold the Kingdom in Fee of him, at the fame time made his younger Son ^murath Lord of Prnfci. The TurkijJ] Kingdom being thus fettled in Ar'chanes confulted with his Son Solyman about getting footing in Enrope^ which he promifed to effedt j and upon his return to his Government, fent over Eaes-Bey his chief Captain , and fome others to difcover the Country who taking a Greek Prifoner returned and prcfented him to Solyman^ who having given him Mo- ny and Rayment, inquired of the Nature of the Country, vrho informed them at large •• Whereupon repairing with a fmall Force, they feized upon the Ca- fUe of Ze/hber/ickj without doing any harm to the Gar- rifon, which \yas indeed but finally moftof them be- mg gone out to fetch in their Harveil. The News of the Turk^ landing in Europe^ foon few to Ccnfranthwple , but fuch was their Co- vrarclife and Sloath together with inteftine Divilions, that no Care was taken to expulfe them : So that they daily increaling their Power, by fuch as wmre fent over in Boats, feized alfo upon the Caltleof APaditas, and afterward fpoilcd the Country of Cherfonefm^ as far as Callipolts ^ which Cky they took after having over- grown the Governour in a pitched Battle j yet fo infa- The Turkijh Htflory. 7 5 tuated were the greater part of the Greeks, that they made a jelt of the proceedings of the Turks, who were by this time advanced 200 from theCaflle Zemkukk, where they firft Landed. Whereupon Solyman fent to his Father, to acquaint him with what had pafled, as likevvife to delire him, to fend him freih fuppUes of Men, not only to fecure what he had v;on, but to profecute his fuccefsful beginning •, upon the receipt of which news Orchanes greatly rejoyced,and immediately Commanded 1000 Sarazjens and Turks , to pafs the Hellefpont in Boats prepared for that purpofe, upon whole Arrival Solyman intercepted the Goveronour of Conger Caftle, who had greatly annoyed the Turks^ and ftriking off his Head before the Caftle-Gate fo terrified thofe that were within, that they foon furrendred the Place, from whence t\icTitrks frequently Tallying fetched in great Booties, venturing even to the Walls of Didymotichim. And thus in the fpace of one year, the Turks got flrong footing in Europe^ poflefTing themfelvcs of di- vers Caftles and Towns, with the Countries about them •, which Solyman as a reward of their Service, gave to his Captains and Soldiers, as appearcth by the Mo- numents of Esics-Beg^ and Faz.el-Beg the firf:. Two Tur- kish Captains that fet Footing in Europe^ but fora while a flop was put to the Turks Progrefs, occalioned by the Death oiSolymm ■, who hawking in the Fields of Bolyre^ and following too furious in taking aDitch, hisHorfe. threw^ him where he received fucha mortal bruife, that he within a few days after died, which Ne'ws coming to iiis Father Orchanes^ he for grief fell lick, and with- in two Months gave up the Ghofl , Arno 1359. and of his Age 80 years, having Reigned 3 1 years. This Orchanes ^Yas both warlike and Politick ^ Courteous he was to his Friends, and Hern to his Ene- mies, much devoted to the M-iho?i:etan fuperflidon ; and a great Enemy to the Chrijlians, ^ CHAP. 74 The Turktfh Hijlory] CHAP. VIII. The Life and Actions of Amurath the frfi of that Name^ and third King of the Turks. OChmes and Solyman his ddeft Son being dead , jimHrath fucceeded in the Kingdom , as the younger Son to the deceafed Kingj who at his firfl: Entrance upon his Government, had great Coji- tefts with the Turkjjh Princes of the leffer who Envying his afpiring, as fuppofing in the Currant of his Vidtories, he might as well overthrow them, as the Chriftians j but having Vanquifted their Forces, and brought them Terms of Agreement, he turned his Arms upon Europe v>^ith a great hofl ; paffing tlie HeL lefpont he feixed upon) the Caftle of Benmum^ when palling on the Creeks now roufed out of their fecurity, oppofed him with fuch Forces as they could drav/ to- gether, but were foon overthrcwn : After which he won the Town of Trurulm^ taking likewife all the Caflles and fmall Towns adjoyning, as Mefwe, Burgos^ Hchrm^ and foon after Didimoticlmm \ and llaying there feiit one of his Captains named to befiege Hadrtanople^ now called jidrianople with whom the Chrifiians fought a great and mortal Battle, but fuch was their ill itecred Fate that Vidory declared for the Inf dels. So 'that that great City being out of all hopes of Relief, opened her Gates to the Enemy, 1362. The City of Hadrianople being taken, or, as their own Hiftories relate, taken by Treachery in time of Peaces udmuratb made it the chief Scat of the Turkjjh Kings ifl The Turki(h Hifiory. 75 in Europe, as a place froin whence he might befi: annoy Chriflendofn, and then fending for his Captains, he Commanded to invade the Countries of Philipopolis, Zo- ^or^,and Jpfala ■, the which in afnort time they brought under Subjedion. The TurkjJij Kingdom in a fmall time being fprcad wide, Cura Rujiemes the DoTor of the Mahometan Law, Zinderhi ChelU the Chief Jullice devifed the Order or Conftitution of the Janiz.arks ( which have ever lince been available to Tiirki in all their Wars) after this manner, that feeing there were great multitudes of ChrtJHan Captives frequently taken, the Youths above fifteen years of Age fiiould every fifth be the Kings, and if there wanted of five, then he who had them fliould pay twenty five Afpers a Head, and that thofe which appertained to the King ihouid for three or four years be put to hard Labsur, the better to inure ’um to Hardlhip;, and then being brought to Court to ferve in the Wars, as the Kings Life-Guard being alway near his Perfon. Which advice was fo well approved of, that it has continued accep- table to the Othoman Kings and Emperors ever fince. Zmurath having fettled his -Conquefis in Europe, leaving a fufficient Power with his great Captains : The Winter coming on, he palled over into Zfta • but early in the Spring, upon view that the Cbrifii- ans were in Arms he returned, and by the way took the Town of Eoge, putting the chief Inhabitants to the Sword, and carrying away the rdl Captives, but held it not long e’r it was recovered and rafed by the ChrijHans, who ferved the T/r/b? in like m.anncr. In the mean time the Chrifijan Army in Servui and Bulgaria confilhing of 50000 Horfe and Foot, advanced' in Order to their belieging Adriampk, which obliged him for his better fecurity, to halte over the Ehllefpom, giving Order for a great number of AJians to f 7(5 7^he Turki^j Hiflory, to follow him, but by reafon of the ChriSHans ifiamimple, the ieat of the Greek Emperor, Er/ia~ mid Paleologiis then Reigning, who after' he had been brought to great extremity, went to the Germa-a Emperors Court to crave aid, who together with many other Chrijhan Princes^ fentan Army of 250000 under the leading of young Sigifmond King of Hungary^ to oppofe w'hom Bajaz.et raifed his Siege and found them belieging Neocopolis ^ from whence they drew' into the great Plain and joyned Battle, but by reafon of the confufion that was in theChrifitan Army, their Van being overcharged, the Rear fled wdthout ftriking a ftroak, fo that the Turks getting the Viftory with a far lefs number purfued fo hard upon the Chrifijuus that the greater part of the Army was (lain, taken pri- foners and drovvned in palfing the River D.ikh^ him. After this great and unexpected Victory over the Chrifiuws occafioned by the emulation that arofe a- mongft their great Commanders, Bujuzet returned to the Siege of C'onfiamincple.^ now out of all hope to be relieved, where whilfb he lay calling his eyes upon Defpina.^ the flain Defpot of ServiTs fair Daughter, offered by her ^^lother his former Wife being dead I he Married her,and for her fake rellored to her Brother 1 all his fathers Principalities. [ AUdin the Carrumanian King being dead, and his Son of the fame name Reigning in his Head, deD rous to revenge the wrong BijarM had done bis Fa-» thers Subjects, coming to Aucyru furprifed Temurtajfes Bajazet's great Lievtenant, but upon the approach of Bajaz.et v/ith his Army he richly arraying begged his pardon, and fet him at liberty, fending Embalfadors to G excufe Bi The Turhifh Hifiory, f excufe them j but Bajaz.et would not fiiffer them to come into his fight, whereupon the young King gathering all the Power of his Country , fought with him a great Battle, but being far too weak for fuch anEnemy was overthrown &he taken Prifoner,& by theCommand of Bajaz.et delivered to Temmafes his Capital Enemy, who for the difgrace he had put upon him caufed him to be ftrangled, which rafh deed much grieved Bajaz.et, the young Prince being his Sifters Son, yet he feized upon the greateft part of his Kingdom, though he had feveral Sons living , and fo inraged was he that he expulfed all the Mahometan Princes in Lelfer Afiay and feized upon their Territories, whereupon they Hed to Tamerlane the Great, who having Married the daughter of the Cham or Emperor of Tartary^ and now returned from the Conqueft of China , he took them into his protection, and being at the fame time Solicited for aid by Emanuel the Creek. Emperor, he fent to Bajaut his Embalfadors, with many rich pre- fents, requeuing him toceafe from molefting his Allies, but he in a proud manner not only rcjeded his prefents, but with many opprobrious words, caft foul reproaches on him, telling his Embalfadors that he delired nothing more then to meet him in the field, and with many taunting exprcfiions difmilfed them. The report of which fo throughly netted the Tartar ^ that he refolved with a puillant Army to go againft him, being hightened thereto by yixalla his great favourite, a Genovoay\y^ birth, and friend to the Greeks Emperor, whofecaufe he daily foiicited. And Tamerlane who was a well- wifher to the Chrifiiansy in his opinion differing little from them fo well approved of all he faid, and having taken his leave of his Father-in-Law, and his Wife,i with a powerful Army he pafledthe Mountains,March- ing through many Countries, none daring oppofe his palfagejtill at length coming to Ba^hichkh, he muftered The Turkijh Hifiory, 83 hll Army , and found it to conflft of 800000 Horfe and Foot of divers Nations, to whom he gave gene- ral pay, not having fuffered the lead: wrong to be done in any Country , through which he iiad paf- fed. Bajaaet lying at the Siege of Con^antim^le^ and hearing the Tartar approached with a Power that co- vered the Countries as he paffed, he raifed his Siege, and contrary to Tamerlains Expedation, but even as he wiihed, came over with fuch forces as he could raife, into j where he joyned with his Livete-i nant, whilft the Tartars ftill came on, having by this time paffed Euphrates^ and taken all the Cities in their way, that appertained to Bajaz^et-, and amongft the reft the great City of Sahafiia^ once the chief Seat of the Turkijh Sultan, utterly raling it, putting all the Citizens to the Sword, or as fome, Buryed them alive in deep Pits he caufed to be digged for that purpofe, unlefs the Governour whom he fet at Liberty to carry the News to Bajazjt^ who was ad- vancing 500000 Strong, who upon the Governours coming into his prefence, demanded which was the greater Army he having feen both , to which af- ter having craved pardon, he replyed that the Tar- tars Army muft needs be the greateft : by Reafbn he was Lord of far greater Countries •, whereupon Bajazjet Laughing, faidoutof doubt the fight of the Tartars hath made this Coward fo afFraid,that he think- cth every Enemy two. The Armies being come near to each other upon the great Plains of Sennas^ he thought not good to' }oyn Battle prefently by Reafon the Evening ap- proached i yet many light Skirmifhes happened be- tween the Parthian Horfemen, and the Forerunners I of the Turkij) Army j but the next Morning either j Hoaft being fet in Array, after fome Paufe the charge 1 Q 2 was ^4 The Turktjh Hi (I or was Sounded, whereupon the Prince of Ciarcan’fa^ marlvni Kinf-man, with 40000 Horfe charged the Tnrhj; in the Front, and Piercing their Battle, put the Jd>im::iAries iwto diforderj but venturing too far was there Slain, whereupon Leading the Vaunt -Guard compofed of Sciths and Parthians ^ bore upon the left Wing of theT^r^ Army, cutting in pieces and Bearing down all that oppos’d him, at w hat time his Footmen coming to joyn with him he Faced the pAtnlion of the JmmizAnes ^ who behaved themfelves Valiantly for the fafety of their Prince, who in the middle of them Fought on Foot, which F ight continued Bloody, and doubtful for the fpace of an Hour, all the place being heaped with the Bo- dies of the Slain ^ till at laft the Tartars being over- charged gave Ground, which Tamerlain from his Stand perceiving fent 10000 Horfe to Reinforce them, and other looco to Fight in the Rearward, and at the fame time lent his Foot-men, who fell in with the Tnr^Ks main Battle that remained yet unfhaken with f.ich fury, that making them give way, he opened them to the Rear of the Jannizjiries ^ wherein was yet the Perfon of Bajaz^et^ who fuftained thegreateft Brunt of the Fight, but at lall overpowered with number, they were forced to give Ground, at what time Ta- r.Lrlam coming on with 50000 frefh Horfe , Bore down all before him till he came to the Jannizjiries ( who always Fight in the Heart of the Army)and they weary-,and not able to make fuffident relillance, were trodden down on all fides, fo that the Battle Swer- .ving, the Tnri-:s betook themfelves to Flight, and a- raongll' the refl w'ounded as he was, who af- terwards fell into the Hands of Axalla ^ together with his So'A Mufa, TheDefpotof Semd and many others of note. This great^ Yiftory fell to the TftrMr; chiefly, by the The Turki(Ij Hijlory. 8 the revolt of a great number of ^ wh<^ were raifed in the Countries of the Adahomttan Princes expalfed , who in tlie Heat of the Battle, fee- ing their natural Lords under Tamerlint'i Standard went over to ’um. This Fight lafled Bloody and doubtful from Se- ven in the Morning till four in the Evening, where- in as many report 200000 on either fide were Slain, and amongft the reft Ahfiapha Bajaz^ets Son with moll of his great Commanders. After this Bajaz.et being brought before Uin , and demanded why he opprelfed the ChriHi- ans, and made War upon fo Noble a Prince as was the Emperor of Greece ^ to which hcrcpiycd, E- ven the fame thing that hath moved thee to invade me, even thedelireof Glory and Soveraignty ^ and why, faid Tamerlain^ do you ufe fuch Tyranny over thofe you Conquer without Refped of Sex or Age ? That I did, faid he, to give the greater Terror to my Ene- mies ■: Ah what wouldft thou have done with me, faid TamerUin^ if it had been thy Fortune to have linci me in thy Power? I would,faid the haughty Tr,: fnot Conquered tho overcome ) have put thee in a Cage of Iron, and havecarryed thee in Triumph about my Kingdom. Even fo faid TamerUln^ (halt thou be Erv- ed, and thereupon commanded him out of his pre- fence, and as he had determined, fnortly after Coop- ed him up in a Cage of Iron, andcarryed him into the Countries he Conquered , whofe Calamity may well ferve as a memento to all afpiring Tdor- tals, by putting them in mind that the Worldly Glo- ry is not perminent. After this the GreeK Emperor fent his Ambalfador to Tamerlain in his Name, to deliver up his Citv £ud Empire •, but he refufed, faying he had Dcmi- nions fuTcient of his own, and after having feca G 5 the f 6 The Turklfl) Hijloyy. 4the City and wondered at its fair Strudures and Riches, he taking leave of the Emperor ; he pafled with his Army into Egypt, to be revenged on the Sultan for afliftng Bajaz£t againft him with 30ooq Afarnaliikes, having firlt fubdued all, or the greateft part of all the Tnrks Dominions in •, and intire- ly reftored Europe to its rightful polTefTors : and meeting with the Sultan he overthrew his Army, confining of 174000 Horfe and Foot, and fo win- ing Damafco , Jemfalem , Damiata^ Cdiro.^ and molt of the Cities in Egyp^ Syria^ Lyhia^ and other Ea^ ftern Countries, making all the Kings as he pafled become his Tributaries, he left Calibes z great Cap- tain with the greatefl part of his Army , to purfue the Egyptian Sultan, and fecure what h? had won ; having news that his Father in Law was fick, and that his Wife was defirousof his Company , here- turned into his Country, but ’ere his departure Ba-> jaz.et as defperate and impatient of his Misfortune, had beaten his Brains out againft the Bars of his Cage, as the moft ^uthentick Authors affirm ; tho the Tur^ fay he was fet at Liberty by Tamerlain, who beforehand had caufed to take Poyfon, of which within three Days he dyed, tho their laying is very unlikely to be true ^ but however he was Bury- ed in Prafa , by his beloved Wife Defpina, Anno IS99- having Reigned feven years, and kept under ireftraint two years. p H A P. The Turkijlj Hifiory. 87 C H A P. X. The Life of Mahomet the pf King of the Turks, (ind, the reftorer of their Kingdom ruined by the Tartars. T Hough Hiftorians fomewhat vary about the Suc- cedbr of Bajaz.et^ yet the moft Credible do affirm that his Son A^ahomet, feveral of his other Bro- thers being flain and carried away Captive , fucceed- ed him, and that the reft might be miftakcn in the Name. This Adahomet^ when his Father was taken Prifoner, was but fifteen years of Age, having been by him ap- pointed his Succeflbr for the great- Hope hefaw in him, for -the recovery of the broken and much fhat- tered Kingdom. When Adahomet entered upon Kingly Authority, the Tartars polTelled a great part of the before Turkjjh Dominion, but the Remains of thefcattered Army and other Aids reforting to his Standard after the depar- ture of Tamerlaia^ he recovered many Cities, fome by Force, and others by Revolt from the Tartars^ and not long after in a great and bloody Battle overthrowing /- nal Ogly Tamerlains Lieutenant, he advanced more bold- ly and charged Co/or Ogly^ and Krapeck^ Ogly^ two more of lattmiaw's great Captains, whom he likewifc o- verthrew and following his good Fortune palled into the of ' 'garded more their Loyalty to their Prince then his Gold , yet at the fame time there wanted not one bafe minded Vallain, who for a Sum in Hand and other large offers, when he had performed his promife, undertook to deliver the City into the Hands of A- tnurath ^ which by this means he effedfed. This great City Handing upon a Rock, had in it but one Well, which ferved both the Soldiers and Citizens plentifully with Water, into this Well did the Villain by occupation a Smith caff the Carkas of a ftinking Dog, which the next Morning found by fome of the Soldiers, and drawn thence the rumour thereof was quickly fpread throughout, whereupon the Soldiers notwithftanding all the intreaties of the Governour and chief Citizens, the Soldiers would not be perfwaded to Drink thereof, refolving rather to induce the worft Extremity^ and by this means the City to6 The Turkijb Hifiory] City not being tenable, the Governor to prevent a mutiny amongft his Soldiers, and the danger the Ci- ty was in to be facked, lent to Ammaxh to acquaint him , that upon condition the Garrifon might p^s with Bag and Baggage to and the Citizens live peaceably, he would deliver him the City ; who being glad of this offer freely granted their demand, only with this condition, "that the Citizens fhould build their Houfes without the City. Thefe Articles agreed on, the City was delivered to Abfuirath^ and the Tray tor by whofe means it was furrendered, was rewarded with three rich Suits of Apparel, 50000 Afpers, and the promife of a yearly Penfion of 2000 Ducats*, but long he had not enjoyed his riches *cre he received ajufter re- ward of his Treafon i being, as ’tis faid, fecretly made away by the command of Amurath^ who tho he loved the Treafon, abhorred the Traytor. The City being thus gained , Anmarh having furnilhed it with a Garrifon of his beiJ men, de- parted with the reft of his Array to ffadrianopkj upon the Rear of which Scanderbeg fetting with 8000 Horie and 3000 Foot, cut off a great part of his Army. And having followed quite out of his Territories, re- turned to Croia^ and fortified it, upon notice that Amarath intended to return with his Army in the Spring , in which he was not deceived for the old defirous to fubdue the Country of Epirus^ to obliterate the difgrace he had received by the many overthrows he had there received, he fev.t SebahyAs one of his Bajfas before with part of his Army *, himfelf following flowly with the reft, and upon his arrival fat down before the great City of Crow,w here having caft 10 Pieces of Cannon, he began to batter it, the which with great fury he continued to do for the fpacc of 4 Days in two places, beating down part 77}eT»rhi(bHiJlory. 107 of the Wall, upon which he commanded the AITault to be given, thrufting his men defperately into the Breach, giving order that fuch as Shrunk fliould be killed by their Fellows, and on the other lide pro- mifing them great reward, if they entered the City, and Mahomet his Son being then in the Camp, and com- manding as General promifed 100000 Afpers to him that (hould firlb advance his Enlign upon the Wall ; but neither prevailed, for Vranacomes the Governour, a Valiant man incouraging his Soldiers, gave the Titrkj fuch a Welcome, that they left 8000 of their dead Bodies in the Breach, Ditches and Plains adjacent \ which j^murath perceiving and underftanding the in- vincible courage of the Epirots^ caufed the retreat to be founded, and after many repulfes and no hopes of prevailing, he fell to his old pradice, endeavouring to corrupt the Governour, and chief Captains with large Gifts, and to that end fent a Crafty Bajfk, with two Servants Loaded with Treafure ^ which the Go- vernour with difdain rejeded. Vowing that if the like were attempted again, that he would caufe the Hands, Nofes and Ears of the MefTengcrs to be cut off, and they fo returned to their Mailer. During this Siege, Scanderbeg was not Idle but ilill hovered about the Turk^ Camp, frequently Alarum- ing ’um, and breaking into one Qiiarter , or other, killing thofe that Guarded it,and taking great Booties, infomuch that after feveral Months Siege, and the lofs of 30000 men, Amttrath through Grief and defpair Dyed in his Tent uimo 1450, in the 85 Year of his Age, and of his Reign the 28, or as fome fay, the thir- tieth, leaving Mahomet his Son to fucceed him in his troublefome Kingdom, charging him to revenge his Death upon Seandtrbeg^ and fo having his Corps con- veyed to Prufa^ he was there interred by his Anccllors. C H A P. lo8 Tlje Turki(h Hifiory, CHAP. XII. The Life of Mahomet the ftcond of that Name', Jtventh King^ and the frft that took upn him the Style of Lmperor of the Turks, who for his many f^'tUories^ was Jnrnamed Great, AMuratb being dead Mahomet the fecond began his Reign over the Tark^ Kingdom, 1450. Be- ing of a firey Cruel Nature, given to many Debauches, not acknowledging any Deity , but afcribing all things to Fortune and Chance j who, e’r he was well fettled, caufed his two Brethren, the one an Infant, and the other not above twelve years of Age, to be put to Death j after which he fell to altering the Con- ftitution of the Government, by abrogating the Old Laws, and Eftablifhing new ones more fuitable to. his Humour .• So that he began ta be exceedingly hated by his Subjedls, .when to prevent any diforder that might happen by the Soldiers lying Idle, he hearing that /- hrahim King of Carramania was entered his Territo- ries in the lelTer Afia, palled thither , upon whole Arrival the King unable to oppole him, fled into the Mountains, and from thence fenthis AmbalTadors to treat with him, who offered fuch Submilfion in the behalf of their Mailers, as Mahomet was well Content to ac- cept, and fo returned to his City of Prafa, fending 7- faac Bajfa^ againft Elioi Prince of Memefia^ or Carta, who altogether deprived the laid Prince of his Coun- try, annexing it to the Tttrkijh Empire, for fo hence- forth I mull call it. APahomet being proud of his Petty Conquells, with- out any Colour or Reafon, only being driven Head- long T^e Turkijh H'tjlory, 1©^ long by Ambition i he refolved to make War upon the Greek. Emperor, and to have the fooner done, marched to the Walls of ConFtaminoyle with a great Power, laying Siege to that Imperial City, which had once been Miftrefs of the World, which he reduced to fuch Extremity, that the Citizens for meer Hun* ger left no filthy thing uneaten, and at laft Eat one another \ and perceiving none intended to relieve them, they inforced by invincible necelTity yielded the faireft City of the World, to the Will of the Ty- rant, having made all the defence that from true Va- lour could be expedted. The proud Conqueror entering the City, amidft his Cups caufed all the Grecian Nobility, the chief Citizens and Nobles of other Nations to be flain in his Prefence. Conftantinm Vakologw the Emperor being before flain and Trampled underfoot in thePrefs, as he was indeavouring to efcape the Imperial City \ this taken after a years Siege, Pern a City of the Greeks oppofite to it furrendred, yet were the Citizens ufed with all manner of Defpite .* And now removing the Imperial Seat from Hadrianofle to Conftantinople^whQvc it has ever fince remain’d, he repaired the Walls, and fuch Buildings, as had been demolilhed by the Fury of the Cannon. Amongfl: the Captives taken in the City, one of his • Commanders prefented unto him one of the mofi: beau- tiful Ladies that Nature ever formed, named Irene y be- ing nobly defeended y and for Education not to be pa- ralell’d, upon this incomparable Beauty, Jllahofnet fo doted, that ne fpent whole Days and Nights with her, never thinking his time well fpent but in her Compa- ny : So that his warlike Affairs were altogether neg- leded, which caufed his Captains to murmur againft him, though they durfl: not fieely fpeak their Minds, which Mitfrapha Bajfay one that had been bred up with no The Turkijh Hiflory. with him, obferving, prefuming upon the Intereft he had in him, took upon him boldly to declare his Mind, laying before him the glorious Atchievmcnts of his Anceftors, and the difgrace and obloquic he in- curred by devoting himfelf to amorous Delights, whiUt the Affairs of his Empire were negleded. At this free Speech of the Baffas^ Mahomet was won- derfully offended, telling him he was worthy of Death for his unfeafonable Prefumption ; but notwithftand- ing he would pardon him for the good Opinion he had of his Fidelity, Commanding him the- next Morning to affemblc all his Captains, and chief Councellors the next Morning to attend his Pleafure in hisPallace ; which being accordiBgly done, he came out of his Chamber, leading the fair 6Vee^in nioft fplendid At- tire, which adding Lufter to her rare Perfedions, made her appear more like an Angel then a Mortal ; and fternly demanding of them, Whether if any of them had fuch an ineffimable Treafure, they would not be thrice advifed e’r they parted with it .* To which they all anfwered,that he had with greater reafon palled his time with her, then any man had to find fault therewith. To which the barbarous Tyrant rc- plycd,well,biitnow 1 Will make you to underftand how tar you have been deceived in me, and that there is no earthly thing that can fo much blind my Senfes, or bereave me of my Reafon, as not to fee or underftand what befeemeth my high Calling ^ yea, I would you fhonld all know that the Honour and Conqueft of the Othoman Kings, my noble Progenitors, is fo fixed in my breaft, with fnch a Defire in my felf to exceed the fame, as nothing but Death is able to put out of my Remembrance \ and having fo faid, he prcfently v/irh one of his Hands catching the fair by the Hair, and with the other drawing his Scimiter fmotc off her Head, Ihe vainly Crying out for Mercy, and then TTjt Turk 'ijh Hijlory, 1 1 1 then taking the bloody Head in his Hand turning to his Captains *, faid, now by this Judge ye, whether your Emperor is able to Bridle his Affedlions,or not.; and immediately to put this cruel Ad out of his Mind, gave order for his Army to march to the Invalion of FeloponnefM, which he loon brought into Subjedion, taking molt of the principal Cities, and putting the Inhabitants to the Sword ; but upon the Submiflion of Demetrius the Prince thereof, he reftored him upon Condition of his becoming Tributary to the Turkijh Empire j and afterwards being inamoured of his fair Daughter took her to Wife, and foon after hearing of the Death of George Deffot of Servia^ he feized upon his Country ; and fo palling on with his Army befieg- ed Belgrade^ both by Land and Water, as having a gi'eat Fleet upon the River Dmnhm^ on whofe Bank that City is feated \ which Fleet being incountered by feveial Ships of War , fent by Humaides for that purpole were foon deltroyed ; which fo inraged the Twrlt, that immediately giving order for the allault- ing the City, his men were beaten off with the lofs of 4000 men, and amongft the reft CnraizSs Bajfa his Lieu- tenant in Eitrofej who making his approach was flain with a great Shot ; and fo well did the Valiant Ha- miades defend that City, that after many unfuccefsful aflaults, Mahomet was forced to raife his Siege, and departed with 40000 lefs then he brought. The great Himiades having thus long Hood a Bul- wark to Chrifiendom^ now worn out with the toyls of • War fell lick j and although his Difeafe was grievous, yet defirous to receive the blelfed Sacrament, he would be carried to the Church, faying it was not fit, that the Lord fhould come to the Houfe of his Servant •• But that rather the Servant fhould go to the Houfe of his Lord, andiafter his being brought home, his Sick- nefs Increafing, he gave up the Ghoft to the Grief of lit The Turkijb Wfiory, all the Chriflian Princes, and was buried in the Church of St. Stephen in u4lba Julia. Mahomet hearing of the Death of this great Cap- tain, who oppofed the Torrent of his Vidoflries great- ly rejoyced, and now refolving to extend his Domi- nions, as well by Sea as Land, Equipped a great many in the Port of Constantinople^ with which he invaded the Iflands in the Egean Sea, reducing feveral of them to his obedience ^ and Landing his Army, ftraightly bclieged the famous City of Rhodes ^ but Calixtus the third then Bifhop of Rome^ being greatly difpleafed for the lofs of Peru, a City belonging to his See, aided by the Genoways, fent out a great Fleet under the Con- dud of Lodoniciusy Patriarch of fought with the Turks Gaily, funk and burnt molt of them. And by that means recovered the Iflands they had taken, which fo inraged Mahomet, that he prepared an other Fleet a- gainll the Spring ; the which whillt he was doing, AmbalTadors came from Vfun Cajfanm King of Perjta with many rich Prefents, de firing that he would en- ter into League with the mighty Prince his Malter, and remit the Tribute payed him by the King of Trepez.ond •, that Kingdom as he faid, after the Death of the then Reigning King, revolving to his Malter, in right of his Wife, Daughter to the faid King ; which Peremptory demand fo inraged Mahomet, that he not only refufed his Prefents, but difmifled his Am- baflador with this Anfwer .* That he would himfelf e’r long be in to teach Vfun Cajfanes what to re- quelt of one greater then himfelf, and thereupon Commanded the Fleet he had prepared for the Invafion of the Ifles in the Egeum, incontinently to fail to Si- nope, the chief City of Paphlagonia, and to expert his coming thither with his Army by Land ', which City and Country being under the Perfan King, he refolv- ed to befiege it on no other Account , then to raife a ground The Turkijh Htfiorf. 1 1 ^ ground of Quarrel j which City being but flenderly for- tified, and not able to indure the Force of the Ordnance, it was delivered by Jfmale the Prince of Faphlagoma into his Hands, who putting a Garrifon therein proceeded to the Siege of Trepez.ond^ which he had in like manner yielded to him, who fent the Emperor, together with his Emprefs Sons and Daughters Prifoners to Conflamjmple^ difpeopling the City, and thrulling thereinto a Garrifon of his Janizjirks^ by that means bringing the whole Country into Subjedion, and for ever ruining that Chri~ ftUn Empire .• And now hearing that Waldiu DrncuU Prince of his Tributary, went about to joyn with the Hungarians his mortal Enemies, he fought by- all means to get him into his Power, to effe(ft wMch he fent ChamHz.es J?very, utterly refufed j upon which the Meffengers re- i tnrned greatly difeontented to him that fent ’um, who i thereat greatly perplexed gave another general A- | ffault , battering the City for four days without In- termiffion , but not prevailing after three Months ' fiege, having loft pooo of his Men, and 1 5000 dan- i geroufly I i ( i ti. fc P' i< h c M E: til The Turkifh Hiflory, 13 £ geroufly fick of their Wounds, and mortal Diftempers> he witn great lhame raffed his Siege j and after hav- ing deilroyed all the Trees in that part of thelfland, irabarked his Men for Conflantimfle., where at his re- turn he received but a Cold Welcom from his imperi- ous Mailer. Whillt Me/ites belieged Rhodes, yich?n€tes Baffa paired over into ltdy, and belieged Otranto a Famous City in Puglia the which after the lofs of many of his Turks took it, fpoiling all the Country round atout it, which brought fuch a Fear upon Italy, that Sextus QmrtHs Bilhop of Rome, being only dreadful to the Chrifiian Princes, was about to ily and leave this once Millrefs of the World, as a prey to the Infidels ; and doubtlefs at that time the greateft part of Italy had been fubdued, had not the Ottoman Forces been Con- verted another way j for the Carramanian King, aided by the Perfians and Sultan of Egypt having entered tire Tarkilh Dominions on that lide, had in a mortal Battle overthrown Bajazjet , Mahomet's eldell Son ( then Living ) with the Slaughter of well nigh all his Army, to revenge which Mahomet called home his great Baffa Achmetes, with all the Ettropean Soldiers, and in Perfon palfed over into Afia *, but upon the way within two days journey from Nkomeda a City of By- thinia he fell lick, and there for the fpace of three days grievoufly Tormented with a pain in his Belly ( which fome fuppofed to be the Collide, though others to proceed from the elFeds of Poiion ) he Dyed, Anno 1481. of his Age 52 years, and his R.eign 31 years. His Body being afterwards Magnificently buried in a Chappel, near unto the great Mahometan Temple, Vldch himfelf had built at Confiantinopk •, Leaving his Empire to Bajazet againll whom Bandied ( till fach , .time he was Poifoned bytheBifhop of Rome, who at the Commandment of Bajazet durll do^no other ) Ee- K 2 mes^ 1 52 Tlje TurkijJ) Hiflory. or Zldmus his younger Brother, as in the Life of B.ijazxt will appear. CHAP. XIII. The Life of Bajazet the fecond of that Name^ and ftcond £mperor of the Turks, his memo- rial Exploit Sy Eiclorks, and Death. Mylhomet being dead, and Bajazjet and Zeraes his two Sons abfent ( for the Tnrkjjh Tyrants will not permit their Sons to remain at Court when they are Men grown , left they ihould afpire to Empire before their time) the great Bnjfas, znd Aga of the Ja~ mzAYies Confpired together,e’r either of them could ar- rive,to make Corciapu younger Sox\to Bajazjet Emperor, which accordingly they did \ of which Bajazjet upon his approaching the City of Confiamwople, hearing, Iiorribly Exclaimed againft the perfidious dealings of the Bajfat^ and fo laboured that at the Inftance of Cherfeogles Vke-Koy of Greece^ and the Aga^ or Cap- tain of thejamzjtnes-^ the young Emperor being of a mild and Courteous Nature, overcome by their In- treaty, and the Reverence of his Father, refigned un- to him his Imperial Government, which he took up- on him, with the general liking of the men of War, tlic fureft token of any Tarkjfi Emperors Eftablilh- ment for if they oppofe it ’tis in vain for them to hope for Empire, and in lieu of this Refignation, Ba~ jaz.tt made him Governonr of Lycia^ Caria^ loma^, and all the pleafant Countries adjoyning ^ where being al- together Tht Turkijh Hiftory. I ^ 5 together given to ftudy, he Lived quietly all the Reign oi^Bajaut^ I ut. after his Death was llrangled by the Command of Sdy?>ias his Brothers Son, as wjll in his Reign more at large appear. During thefe Troubles, Ferdinand King of Nafks^ Lent his udeft Son udlyhonfm Duke of Calabria, with a great Power to beliege Otranto, which after feveral fharp Conii:ds he had delivered up to him, with all the Country lying about it , which had been by yich- metes Baffa taken from the Chrifliam, daring the Reign of Mahonm ■, to recover whichan Army was aiecond time prepared, under the leading of the fame Bafu but e’r he arrived in Italy, he was Countermanded upon notice that Zen^es was coming out of Z.-aafia with an powerful Army , to Wrcftle with Bajaz.et for the Empire : Pn which Expedition Zch/wtes was made General, who meeting Zemes by plain Force, drove him out of the Field with great flaughtcT of his Army j infomuch, that not thinking himfelf fafe in his Brothers Dominions, he fled into Syria, and from thence into E^ypf, to Caytheim Sultan of Egypt 2x\6. Syria, who received him with many great Expre- ffions of joy, and at his Reqiiell: fent an Ambalfador to Bajaz.et, to intreat in his behalf, that forae part of that fo great an Empire might be allotted him ^ bat the Proud Tarl^ having gottefl Polleflion, would nc4 yeild to have fo dangerous a Partner: Whereupon the Ambaflador eftefting nothing, h'e'jJj^ed with the Ca- ramanian King, who by fuch aCbwjunftioh hoped to recover his Territory takc^frdm hiip, by , Prince Ze/nes Father, againltwhofe'jo'yhc Forces, but few in number, Bajazet advanced with 290'opo Hqrfc and Foot, of which the Princes liayini^'ndtice','ijnd finding thernfeives too weak by far to'oppoie fo great a Power, not finding as they had beehrpiit in hojjes, any to revolt from Bajazet to them they tlrddght it K 3 •''‘ ■^goed I ?4 Tttrkifl) H'tjiory. good to retire before the ways were befet, through the Straights of the Mountain Amafms^ which done^ they difperfed their little Army, and foon after Ze^ ntes went to Rhodes^ where of the great Mafter he was kindly received, with Promife of Protedion from the Fury of his Brother, hoping by this means, ii Baj^ut fhould die a natural Death, or otherwife mifcarry, this Prince might be fet up Emperor, and by means ever remain a firm Friend to the Chrifiians. During thefe Tranfadions, there wanted notfomc f in the Court of B^tjazjst^ who Envying the Profperity, ^chmetes Counfelled the Emperor to put him to Death, falfly infinuating that he held private Correlpondence v/ith Zones : W hereupon at his return from the Wars, B^jazet as in kindnefs to his Bajfas made a Royal Sup- per, where after they had Drunk plentifully of Wine which by their Laws is forbid, yet frequently amon^ft the Great ones ufed at their Fealls j he in token of Honouring them, caufed a Rich Garment to be eaft over each of them, but when they came to they call over him a black Velvet Garment, by the Turks' called the Mantle of Death ; for whofoever that Garment is call: upon, none of the Bajfas dare be fo hardy as to intreat for his Life, which the other Bajfas perceiving, molt of them being before privy to the Matter by leave of the Emperor, after having kified the Ground ^ereon he Rood departed j amongft whom would likewife have gone out, but was Commanded to Ray for the Emperor, and no fooner were the BaJfMgom out, but the MiniRers of Death ( which are certain Rrong Men bereaved of Speech, whom the Tnrkifh Tyrants keep as InRru- rnents of their Cruelty ) Entered, and were about to Rrangle the Bajfa ^ when one of the Eunuches in great Favour with the great Emperor, Rood up and advifed him not to be too haRy in Executing fo great a Man, The Turkijh Hiflory. 155 beloved by his Soldiers, and beft men of War, but rather to defer the Execution, till he faw how the matter would be digefted, and in the mean time by Torture to make him confefs what might render his Execution more reafonable, of which Counfel Baja- zjtt approving , commanded him immediately to be ftripped, and delivered into the Hands of the Tor- mentors. The which whilft they were doing, his Son having gotten notice in what Extream danger his Father was in, raided the Jmmzjirks , who up- on notice that their beloved Captain flood on the Brink of the Grave flowed from all parts, like a Torrent to the Pallace, Thundering at the Gates as if they would have beaten the Pallace about his Ears, whereupon caufing the outward Gate to be fet open, he fliewed himfelf to ’um through an Iron Window, demanding the caufe of that Tumult and Uproar, to which they anfVvered, that they would by and by, teach him as a Drunkard or Beaft, and a Rafcalto ufe his great place, and calling with more Sobriety and Defcretion, Loading him with many more fuch like opprobrious Exprefllons, Command- in forthwith to deliver Achwtts^ or elfe they would beat the Pallace about his Ears, which demand of the infolent Janizjtrics he durft not deny, but Com- manded that he Ihould be forthwith delivered to them, who for haft was brought out half Naked, with the marks of his fevere ufage on his Body ^ who had no fooner got him, but they ftripped the Emperors Minions, and with their Spoils Cloathing him, carryed him out of the Court on their Shoul- ders in great Triumph , tho the B.iffa did what he could to appeafe the Tumultuary Joy they conceiv- ed for his deliverance. Bajnz£t knowing by experience how deeply the Bdjfa was rooted in the afTeftions of the men of War, K 4 durft 1^6 Tht Turkijh Hiftory, durft notpr«(cntly (hew hisAnger,thoButning with the de(ire of revenge,thcrefore the better to bring to pafs what he had purpofed, he took Achmetes into favour again, promoting him more then everj which the Loyal old man trufting too far, was as he was fitting at Supper, by the command of Bajazjet thruft through with a Sword, and Slain after he had Conquered 7 Kingdoms, and Annexed them to the Ottoman Em- pire, being the moft expert Commander, that ever the Tark^ could Boaft off. But Bajazjst'% Spleen not fo fatisfied, he purpofed to deftroy the whole order of the Janiz^aries , in revenge of the infolency they had offered him, but his defign upon their lives coming to their knowledge, and they Handing upon their Guard , he found it a matter not to be compafi'ed without great difficulty, tho to execute his pleafure, he had fent for the Acanzit , accounted the belt Soldiers next the Ja- nizAriss , throughout all his Dominions \ therefore he was forced to forego his Bloody and Tyrannical purpofe, and the better to Colour the matter pre- tended he had fent for thofe Soldiers to War againft Moldavia : But the Jamzjines not greatly trufting him, Inbattled by themfelves, refufing to receive him into the middle of their Ranks, as was their ufual manner, but (baking their Weapons, bid hiin fend his Executioners, for they were ready to receive themj but by the mediation of the at length mat- ters were accorded, and they received Bajaz.et amongft them, for the Turkijh Envptrors never marched but in the middle of the JanizAries. The Tumult pacified, Bajaz^et his Army paf- fed over Danuhius , and entering Moldavia belieg- ed Kele or Achilleia^ which after many furious a(^ faults was delivered to him, as afterward was Ac- Gimenor Affrocaftron^ thz Turks ufually changing the Names of fuchCities h Towns,as fall into their hands. Z ernes The TurktjhHiftory, IJ7 Zems being at Rhodes ^Bajazxt was not a little trou- bled, left he mould prove a Thorn in his fide,& there- fore ufed many Endeavours, to get him into his poC- feilion,but the great Mafter abhorring Breach of truft, notwithftanding the many Threats and Promifes of the Tyrant, would not deliver him, nor was he fought only by his Brother , but by Charles the French King, Matthias King of Hungary^ and Pope JnnocentiHs the Eight of that Name Biftiop of Rmcy all of them thinking to advantage their Affairs, , by having a Prince of the Ottoman Blood in their Guftody; the King and the Emperor in their Wars, and the Pope of a mind more Ignoble, by getting a yearly Perifion from his Brother Bajazjet, for the fafe keep- ing him to the laft^ of which after Reiterated in- treaties, the great Mafter delivered him, in lieu of which be was Created Cardinal, nor was the Popes Expectation vain, for he yearly received of Bajaut 40000 Ducats, yearly for the fafe keeping him, but of this more hereafter. Bajazjet being frequently troubled by the fuddain Invafions of the Caramanian King , refolved to fub- due the remaining part of his Country, the which with a great Army out of Enrobe he invaded , fpoiling all before him , but the wary Prince knowing him- felf far too Weak, to meet fo powerful an Enemy in the Field, kept himfelf with his few forces in the Faftnell'es of the Mountain, whereupon Bajaz4t \tz^\t<^- ed Tarfis in Cilicia , and had it delivered to l\im, up- on condition that the Citizens might depart iihence with their Goods, and not be further prejudiced, ei- ther in their Lives or Liberties *, but by this time yihraham^ Alias^ Pyramet King of Caramania having obtained confiderable forces of Caytbeias Sultan of he was refolved to try his fortune in the Field, and put all to the Hazard of a Battle, which being begun I jS The Turkifh Hijlary] began the rof/>. of Muy Anno 148^, was Fought with 'great obftinancy on either fide, for the fpace oT a whole day, when the byjReafon of their Multitude prevailed, in which Battle the King and the greateft part of his Army were Slain, and afterward his Country totally fubdued by Bajazxt, who like- wife at that time took into his pofleflion all A/ia the lefs, becoming Lord of the Sea Coaft from the Straights of Bofphoms to the Confines of Syria. By this means the Ambitious Emperor Stretching the borders of his Empire, to the bounders of the Egyptian Sultans Territories, refolved to have no peace with him, by Reafon he had not only aflifted his Brother Zames againft him, but likewife the Carra- waman King in the laft Battle, fo that raifing a great Power, he fent them under the Leading of Ijbender- Bajfa, MichaeLBegy and Jaxis-Beg his two Sons to waft the Sultans Dominions in Syria y butpaflingthe Great Mountain Taurusy they were intraped by Ala- dales the Mountain King, who had lay’d an Ambufh of his Savage people for that purpofe, where moll of urhs^ were together with Afichael-Beg were Slain, the his other Son, and the remaining part taken Prifoners y the news of which defeat being known to Carragdfes Bajfay who was following with more forces, it fo difeouraged him that he would ad- vance no further, yet the next Year palTing into the confines of Egypt y he was Fought with, and over- thrown by the Sultans power ; But thefe ill haps fo little difeouraged Bajazxty that he more inraged then ever,Tefolved to invade by Sea and Land, which th€ Sultan underftanding refolved to Tranfport the Seat of War into the Dominions, and fo with a great Army, he Commanded Vsbeg to pafs into Ci- itcUy where not far from TarfuSy he found the Turks incamped under^the command of Cher fogies Vice-Roy The Tarkifi Hijfory, 1 5 p of Oreeee^ amoft Valiant Captain, whereupon a mor- tal Battle begun, and many thoufands Slain, for the Sultans Army conlifting moftly of Afamaluk^s, fuch. an obftinate Fight was fiercly maintained between them, and the Turkjjl} JmmzAries^ that Vidory flood doubtful for the fpaceof 2 days, at the end of which the Turk^ General having lofl^oooo of his men, in the Night left his Camp and fled, nor was the lofs in the Sultans Army much inferiour, but the Turks lofs ftill proved greater^ for Flying through Ahdul&s Country, that King had fo befetthe way, that moft of the remaining part were Slain, and the General talfen prifoner, rtor fared Bajaut's Fleet at Sea bet- ter,for Anchoring in the mouth of Oremes within fight of Antioch, it was by a Tempefl beaten to pieces, all which lofles coming one upon the Neck of ano- ther, caufed Bajazjct to fend his Ambafladors to the Sultan to require peace, which was accorded to, and all the Prifoners fet at liberty, when fhortly after the Sultan, who of a Circaffian Slave, by the favour of the Mamaluk^'s his Fellows become a mighty Mo- narch dyed. Peace being concluded in Afia, the Chrifiian Princes fltrred up thereto by Pope Alexander the Sixth, that Firebrand of difcord, all Chriflendom was in a Flame, at what time Charles the French King feized upon the Kingdom of Naples, taken from his Father by Ferdinand the firfl, whereupon the Pope and Alphon- [hs the exiled King of Naples, folicited Bajazjet to fend them 6000 Horfe,and as many Foot for the reco- very of the fame, layiag before him(like fpecial Chnfli- ans') what danger the Mahometan Religion would be in, if the French prevailed-, the Pope promifing him alfo to Poyfon Zemes his Brother, if he would pay him well for fo doing ■, thefe Admonitions and large overtures fo prevailed with the Infidel, that he had great Turkish Hi ft or y, great ftore of trcafure, but as it was defigned for e.yil purpofes , it profpered accordingly j for the Velfell in the Adrian^ Sea, being* boarded by John Roverm, a P'enemn, he feized the cafh before it came to tbc Popes fingering, yet his Holynefs loath to break his Word, neverthelefs , contrary to his Oath made to the Ambafladors, from the great Mailer of Rhodes , Poifoned Zimts^ by putting Poifon amongfb the Sugar which he was wont to mix with his Water, to the great Scandal of the ChriJHan Religion, and reproach of St. Peter's pretended Succellbrs .* nor was God flow in revenging the dilhonor done to his name, for Alexander havin^ a Bailard Son, named C&[ar Borgia^ a Profligate Wretch, -who after many Outrages and Murthers committed, being about to Poifon feve- ral of the Cardinals, at a Supper in the Fattican^ by a lucky miflake of the waiter, in taking up the wrong flaggon poifoned his Father, who notwithilanding his infallibility, was not Poifon proof, nor did this ungracious Son long efcape, for fighting under the ftandard of the King oi Navar^ he was flain with a hargubus Ihot. Notwithilanding the death of Pope Alexander^ yet he left Chriflendom in fuch a blaze, that the flame of difeord, was not in a long while after quenched, for whilfl; the Emperor of Germany^ and Princes of Italy ^ were Bandiling againft the French King and fliedding Chrijhan Blood, the Turks inv^dQd Podolia 2iud Rajfa, fpohling the Country and facking feveral walled Towns , but by reafon of the Exceffivenefs of the Win- ter, through Hunger and Cold, molt of the Army Perilhed, yet not difmayed by the Lofs fuftained, he the next year fent Cadumes Baffa into Illyria , who fpoiling the Country was incountred by 90C0 Croats and Hungarians near the River Morava , under the leading of Comt Bernard Francoyain , where after a cruel TheTurhtjh Htflory. 14 1 Cmeland Bloody fight, thfe Chrifiians were put to the worft, and 7000 of them ilain, and drowned in pafling the River, the nofes of which being cut off, and hung upon firings , were fent to Bajazet as a Bar- barous prefent. Charles the French King being dead, Lewis the 1 2 Succeeded him in the Kingdom of France, who laying claim to t'he Dukedom of MllUin made a league with the Venetians, whereupon Sfertia the Duke in polTe- fiion fent to crave aid of Bajazet, laying before him the daftger-his Empire was in daily to be invaded, if the French grew Itrong in Italy, preferring Ambition and revenge, before the advancement of the ChrifHan Religion; by this means flirredup, refolvedto render the Venetians unferviceable to the French, by keeping them bufie nearer home, whereupon he com- manded Scander Bajfa his Lievetenant in Illyria, to break in upon the Fruitful Country of Friuli, part of the Venetians Territories on the borders of Italy, the which he did with 12000 Horfe, dellroying all before him as far as Liquentia, driving before him a great number of Captives, the which when he came to the Banks of Tiliaventum, and underflanding that the French and V metians had driven the Duke of Millan out of his Territories, he barbaroufly caufed to be put to the Sword. After the Seifure of Millan, the Venetians fet out a great Fleet under the charge of Jlnthony Grimani, who fet upon the Turks Fleet (far Superior in number ) as it was coming out of the Bay or Haven of Sapientia, in the Ifland of Sphraga, but through the Cowardice of the Admiral , in not permitting half his Fleet to come up, thofe that were ingaged retired after a fharp difpute, and the Turks kept their courle to NaupaHum, now called- wo, where they found Ba~ already arrived with hiS Land Army, fo that after 3 141 7he Turkijh Hifiory. a few, days Siege, the Citizens difpairingof Succour Surrendred the City, wherefore the Venetian Admiral upon his return was Banifhed by a decree of the Senate, to one of the Abjytidies Iflands, upon the Coaft of Li- bhrma. Bajaz.et by this means having got firm footing in the Venetian Territories, the year following 1.5 00. entered the ftraights of Corinth with an Army of 150000, and pairing through Peloponnefns^ lay ’d Siege to the ftrong City of Menthon, now called Mo'^n^ and took it by furprize, putting all the Inhabitants to the Sword, upon which feveral other Cities belong- ing to the Venetians^ yielded by compofition,but after the taking of msany Cities on either fide, with great Blood-lhed both by Sea and Land. A peace between Sajazet and the Senate of Venice was treated, and finally accorded upon confideration , firft that the Venetians Ihould deliver up the Iflands of Neritos and Lncadia (the which during thefe Wars they had taken from the Tnrkj ) referving to themfelves only the Iflartdof Cephalenia : And that in confideration thereof, Bajaz^t Ihould reflore all fuch goods as had been t^en from the Venetian Merchants in the late Wars, and that it ihould be lawful for them ( as they were wonted, fafely to trade and traffique into the Buxine Sea, and to Conflaminople , and there to have their Conful or Governour, as they had in former time, and laftly that the Venetian Territories ihould be certainly known and feperated from the Tnrki-, by certain Bounds or Limits. Thefe conditions were Solemnly concluded on, and confirmed, both by Bajazjet and the Senate of V tnice^ and fo affirmed : Peace con- cluded in Anno 1 503, after the Wars had continued between them for the fpace of 5 years. Peace concluded with the V netiaais^ Bajazxt raifed a great Army intending to invade Hungary^ bat having been Th& Tftrkijh Hifiory, I4 j been often foiled by that warlike Nation, he changed his mind, and Marched to fupprefs the inliirrcftion in jilbama a part of his Territory, which done as he was returning, a Derviller which is a Phantaftical kind of a beggarly Tnrh^ Monk, ufing no other apparel but two Sheep Skins, theone hanging before, and the other behind, who coming up to him as if he would have asked an Aimes, with aftiort Cimiter, ftrockatJiira, and beat him from his Horfe, and being about to re- double his blow, had certainly difpatched him, had not JJhender Baffa come in, and with his Horfemans Mace, ftruck the Varlet dead, who afterwards by the Soldiers was hewn in pieces ^ this treacherous and defperate ad fo moved Bajaz.et^ that he proferibed all them of that Superftitious order, and banilhed them out of his Empire. Bajazet after the incelTant toiles of War, refolving to repofe himfelf, committed the Management of his great Affairs to his 3 Baffa Sy viz., uilis., jichmtes.^ Hint* man to him that was llain, and Jachia., who having got the Reins of Empire in their hands for the fpace of 5 years, fuffered things to run into fuch diforder, by regarding their private profit, more then the pub- lick good, that a great part of the Leffer .^/ta was in an uproar by the means of Chafan Chelifey and Schach Cully or Techellis., two Perfian Impofters, who fet the Multitude a madding, by fpreading a new fangled Dodrine, more wicked then that of Aiahomet their pretended Prophet. To quench this Flame that began dreadfully to blaze into a Rebellion, Bajaz.etw2% forced to roufe from his Lair, yet the Dodrine could not, nor is it, to this day extirprated, for being perfecuted by Bajaz.et , they fled into Perjiay and there pretend- ing themfelves to be the true SuccefTor of Mahomt the Impofter, and that none buf, ^;hey knew his Will, and that thofe that believed not in their Dodrine, fhould never 144 Turktjb Hiflory, never Injoy any happinefs after this Life, with a deal of fuch ridiculous Cant they fo befotted Afymheitis Vfun Ca ffanes the Perfian King, that he had to the firft Author of this Doftrine, viz., one Haider who was Mailer of thefe Difciples , given his Daughter Mar^ tha in Marriage j but he dying, and his Son Jacnp fuc- ceeding him in the Kingdom , began to have his Bro- ther-in-Law in fufpition, by reafon of the multitude that followed him, upon the account of his pretended Sandlity : Infomuch that he caufed him fecretly to be murthered, and raifed a great Perfecation againll thofe that imbraced his Doftrine ^ yet this Haider left a Son which he had by Martha his Wife named Hyfmael^ who afterward became a Sophy of Perjta^ as will ap- pear in his Wars with Selymns Bajazjet's Son, and Suc- ceflbr, but upon the Perfecution raifed by Jacup Son to Vftm Cajfanes., the two aforefaid Difciples of Haider fled to Armenia., and there dwelling in Rocks began to tell Fortunes, and other llrange things which made the Rufticks fuppofe them men more then ordinarily infpired \ Infomuch that they gathered about them in great numbers, infomuch that they came out of their lurking Holes into walled Towns, and taught boldly. During the fpreading of this Doftrine, Hyfmael the Son of Haider being grown to mans Ellate, and his Un- cle Jacup dead, he by the Aid of fuch as favoured his Fathers Doftrine, won the Kingdom of Armenia, and after that overthrowing Eluan the Perfian King, Son to his Uncle Jacup in a pitched Battle, wherein the faid King was flain, he took Pofleflion of all his Grand-fathers Dominions, and from that time was called the >igreat Sophy of Per/ia , being afterward exceedingly beloved of his Subjects. This Hyfmale W2S no fooner Eflabl idled in his King- dom, but he Eftabliflied to his Power his Fathers Do- ctrine, which Chufan, Chelife, and Techellis, perceiving, and 2%e Turkifh Hiflory. 5 a^id underltanding the unlooked for fuccels of their' Mafters Son, they refolved not to be Idle, but to try their Fortune likewife : Whereupon gathering a great number of their Profelytes in Arms , they wafted a- gain the Countries in the lelTer and being incou- raged thereto by Hyfmde with Promife of great Suc- cours, they fee down before the City of Iconmnz, fending out their Proclamations ftridly to injoyn all the People thereabout to imbrace their Dodtrine, threatning them otherwife with Death, and Confifea- tion of Goods j which wrought fuch Terror in the Peafants, that they had many of them joyned with them \ fo that within a while their number was in- creafed , from lo to 50000. Whereupon Orchanes and M.ihomites^ two of Baj^uts Nephews gathering what Forces they could Sallyed out of the City againlt them, but were put to flight with the lofs of moft; of their Men.- Corcutm alfo one of B-ijaz^ets Sons, and then Governour of Thyatria, SypUm , MAgnefia, and Bhocia, having leavyed a great Army, durft not neverthelefs to give them Battle, but waited the coming of Caragofes Bajfa^ who was railing great For- ces in Cappadocia and Pontui ^ having fent his Com- mand to Achnmes one of Bajaz^ets Sons to do the like, but e’r he had gathered a fufficient Power, the pre- tended Prophets came upon him, put fuch Forces as he had to the Rout, and forced Caragofes then Vice- Roy of ^fa, for his fafety to fly into the City of CHtak, near unto the Mountain Hormmus , lituate in the middle of the lefler Afa ^ which City they befteg- cd, took by force, and in it the Vice-Roy his Wife and Children, putting moft of the Citizens to the Sword, and from thence marched to beliege the great City of Pmfa ^ but in their way hearing that Alis Baffk was come out of Europe with great Power, and fol- lowed hard upon them, they retreated and palTed an- L other 14^ The Turkifh Hijlory, other way to avoid joyning with the Tnrks in the piain Ground, of which the Bajfa having Notice, and difpairing to overtake them with his Footmen, chofe out 8000 of his fwifteft Horfe, leaving Achmetes with the reft of the Army, after a tedious March he fell in with their Rear •• Whereupon Techellis^ who was cho- fen General of the Rebels^ put his men in Battle Array ; when taking the moft advantagious Ground, he ftay- ed the coming of the Tnrkjjh Horfe, who charged him in the Front with great Fury, but wanting Foot to fe- cond them in fo Hilly a Country were driven back,which the Bajfa perceiving drew forth 1000 Harqucbufiers, who fervedas Foot to oppofe the Front, whilft the Horfe Charged on the right and left Wings of the Enemies Army, which was performed with fuch Bravery, that Techtllid's Men gave Ground, and in the Rear broke and difordered their own Ranks ^ when Cbelifs one of the Impoftors fighting defperately was flain. But Techellis coming with frefh fi^plies, reftored the Battle, to break which AOs Bajfa Charging furioufly with frefh Troops ofHorfe,& entering too far amongft the Squa- drons of his Enemies was llain, wliich fo difcouraged his men ( then at the point to have prevailed ) that they firft fainted, and afterwards betook themfelves to plain flight ; fo that in pafling the Mountains ma- ny of them were flain, and more taken Prifoners. Bajaz.et hearing of the Succefs of the Rebels ^ fent Jonptfes Bajfa againft them with 40000 Horfe and Foot, upon whofe approach they retired into the Mountains, but being driven thence they fled into Armenia: - Whereupon the Bajfa fretting that he had not befet the wavs, caufedall that he found to imbracethe new Religion, or to have born Arms againft Bajaz.et on i t'le behalf of Techellis^ either to be put to Death, ■ B'lrnt in the Forehead with a hot Iron, or Tranfport- ed into £//?opc, to prevent any future Infurredion ; and The Turk iff) Hijlory. i and upon his return to Confiamimfle had Notice, that Teckllis and his fcattered Forces in their fliglit, light- ing upon a Caravan of Silks and other Rich Merchan- dize took the fpoil thereof, for which outrage com- ing to Taaris^ the Captains were all by the Command of Hyfmael hanged upon Gibbits, and Techellis for a Terror to others burnt alive. The Ajlan Rebeljion fupprelTed by the means afore- faid, the year following, viz.. .Annoi^^o^. a dread- ful Earthquake happened in Confiamimyle., and the Countries adjacent, which lafted with very little In- termilTion for the fpace of eighteen days, or as the Turks affirm a Month i in which time it threw to the ground many ftately Buildings in Conftantwo^le, Jrianople znd other Cities of Greece.^ and in their Ruins overwhelmed 1 3000 People; after which a great xMor- tality happened, v/hich difpeopledmany Cities in the Turks Dominions ^ but both being palt, Bajazet fet Soooo to repair the mifchief Conftantino^Le had fuftained by the Earthquake, which they performed in four Months, Beautifying the City more then ever. Bajazxt had by his many Wives eight Sons , and fix Daughters , who lived to be Men and Women grown, and the Sons all Governours in divers Provin- ces of his large Empire, whom the Turktfj Hillory af- ter this manner reckons up, viz.. Abdullah Zelebi, A- lemScach, Tz.ihan Scach^ Acbmet^ Cor cut Se- lim , and Mahomet ; yet as Antonins Vtrius^ a G enois.^ who long time lived in Bajazjet\ Court, accounts, they were only fix, whofe Names he recites thus ; Scienifct- Alemfcia., Achometes.^ Mahometes.^ Selytnus., and Cor- cutm.^ and that the two former dyed long before their Father, and were by him greatly lamented ; now as for Tizkan., and Abdula Zelebi.^ the Turks report they v;ere put to Death by their Fathers Command, up- on .-Surpition that txhey afpired too high in Conceit Empire. L 2 Of s48 The Tuykijh fliftcyy. Of all thefe Sons Mahometes was of greatefl hope, who was by his Father made Governour of MagneJtajhni being by reafon of his Youth, fomewhat Frolickfome, he often went difguifed, to take a view of his Bro- thers Courts, how therein they behaved themfelves, &C. And at laft came with two others in the habit of Sea-faring men to the Court of Bajaz.ety where not at - firfl; finding Admittance to the Emperors Prefence, they went and bought a fair Chnfiian Captive, and then pretending they had a Prefent to deliver, were by the Warders permitted to enter, and having delivered the Prefent found means to depart *, being firE reward- ed with three rich Garments, but e’r they were got- ten on Ship-board, they were met by a Courtier that knew Mahometesy who allighting would have, done him Reverence, but he forbad it, as not being willing to be difcovered, yet it was not kept fo clofe but it came to Bajaz.et’s Ear, who jealous fas always Tyrants are ) that under fuch like Intreagues might be hid fome fecret Confpiracy againft his Life, or Empire, he wrote to owQ jifinehemides a Courtier highly in Favour with A'lahofmes to poifon him, fending withal a poifonous Powder to effedt it y which this perfidious Courtier, in hopes to fucceed him in his Government performed, but long it was not e’r the Tyrant repenting him of his inhumane and unnatural Command, caft the faid Cour- tier in Prifon where he miferably perilhed. BcijazjEt having caufed Mahometes to be poifoned, whom he need not to have feared -• Selymta the Gover- nour of TrefezDndy one Vv^hom he intirely Loved, im- mediately Confpired againlb him, and having Corrupt- ed moft of the great Bajfasof the Court, the better to ftrengthen hirafelf, married the Daughter of Mahy. metes the. Tanarwt King, who Aiding him with 15000 Tanarian Horfe, he left his Government and pafled o- ver tile EHxine into Ewope, under pretence of invading Hungary^ TheTurkifh Hijlory. 14^ HmgciY’jy where having notice that his Father intend- ed to declare j4chometes his SuccelTorj leaving the Coaft of Hungary^ he marched direftly towards Hu- driamyle^ where Bajazjet lay with his Army, and in- camping within fight of the City,fent a feigned MefTage to excufe his coming in a Holtile manner ; the which was as he faid, only that he might gain Acceft to his Prefence, to Ihew him fuch Reafons as he doubted not but he would approve of, why Achometes Ihould not fucceed him 5 but Bajaz,et not trufting to his fawning, fent him word that if he did not immediately return to his Government in A/ia and disband his Army, he would not fail to chaftifehim with the Scourge of War. But this Speech did not at all difmay the Head-ftrong Youth, nor could all the Prefents, and fair Words Bajaz^et could dcvife avert him ^ but raifing his Camp marched direftly towards Confiantinofle^ which Baja- z£t perceiving drew his Army out of Hadrianofle^ and marched to prevent his furprizing the Imperial City, at whofe Departure out of Hadriam^le Selymm en- tered it , and having there refrefhed his Army, fol- lowed hard upon his Father, cutting off the ftraglers of his Army, and part of his Rear, which caufed the Old man to Face about and bid him Battle, though all the Bajfoi except Cherfeogles difTwaded him from it, as fecretly favouring Selyima^ which Sdy}?im as willing to accept, after both Armies v/ere put' into Order, and Bajaut with a moving Oration had incouragcd his Men, a cruel Fight began, v/hich continued from Noon, till the fetting of the Sun j at what time the Tanaru7i Horfe fore Gauled with the fhot of the Harquebufles, and terrified with the Thundering noife, difranked and fled in fpite of their Rider, after which the Foot being Charged by the Jamzjiries were moil of them (lain, Sdym?h himfelf upon a fwift Horfe hardly E- fcaping. L 3 !o 1^0 The Turkiflj Tiiflory. In this Battle fought, Anm 1511. near Chmrlut^ 30000 of his Men were flain and taken Prifo- ners, with the lofs only of 7000 of Bajaz.et’s Soldi- ers, after which Bajaaet kept on his way to Confian- tinofle^ where he no fooner arrived, but he bountiful- , ly rewarded his Men : Achometes Bajazet's eldelt Son be- j ing at Amafia^ and hearing what had palTed, raifed , an Army of 20000 Horfc and Foot, and by fpeedy inarches came to Scutari^ Antiently called Chrtfio^horui^ fituate upon the Straights of Bo/f horns ^ over againfl Conftantinofk , where incamping he fent Melfengers to his Father, requeRing him as he had frequently de- termined to declare him his SucceiTor, as by Seniority he ought, and to relign him the Empire, all which Bnjaz.tt intended to do, and propofed fuch his Inten- tions to his Captains', but they bribed by Selymus^ oppofed him therein, faying they would acknowledge no other Emperor but himfclf,and as the Captains faid, fo faid the Soldiers : Whereupon he fent to Acho- 7>:etes^ to inform him of the ObRinacy of the Soldiers, and defined him to return to his Government oiAmafa^ till he could m.old them into a better Temper by his Bounty but he impatient of delay, not only abufed the MelTenger , but greatly reproached his Father, rofe with his Army and marching through the Coun- try fpoiled Bytbinia^ and growing daily more and more inflamed , from being barred of his Expedta- tion, purpofed to have feized upon ^/^?the lefs ; upon which calling to him his two Sons^Amurath and Aladwe young Princes of great hope, he admonifhed them to take up Arms sgainft their Grand-father, who prone enough thereto of themfelves, and now incited by their Father, in a fhort time raifed a great Army, and joyn- ing with the Randing Forces ; Achometes had before in pay o'^er-run a great part of A/ia, Achometes caufing himfcif every where to be proclaimed King. Thefe The Turkrjh Hiflory, I ibems caufed Trenches to be drawn Crofs the Streets, at the bottom of which were fix- ed lharp Stakes, and before them. Tin being overlaid with rotten Hurdles, fo to intrap the too eager Turks ^ for why, the City had no Walls but lituate upon the River was adorned with many ftatcly Towers, Piramides, Pallaccs, Tejnples, and Monuments of the Egyptian 172 The Turkish Hiflory, Egyptian Kings, ferved rather for Pleafure then ftrength .• He likewife caufed the Houfes to be furnifh- ed with Harquebufiers , and his Pieces of Cul vering, and other fmall Pieces, to be every where planted Ad- vantagioufly for the annoying the Enemy, and in the great Street drew up his greateft ftrength, confifting of Mamahtkes-^ yet Selymns being now come before it, after his having incouraged his Soldiers to undertake the fubduing of that great City, as the laft Refuge of the Sultan, he furioufly entered the Gate called Bafne- la^ and at one inftant thruft in his Horfemen at di- vers Caves, but kept his Janiz^arks in the high Street, where the greateft Power of the Ma>nalnkes were : Whereupon a dreadful Fight was begun on all parts, infomuch that the Channels run Blood like fo many Torrents ^ the Artillery and fmall Shot ftill thunder- ing from either fide, made all feem Fire, and covered the tops of the Houfes with Clouds of fmoke ^ when from their Windows, and Roof of their Houfes, the Egyptians caftdown Stones, Tiles, fcalding Water, Sul- phur, Pitch, Tar, and the like, to the great annoyance of the Turks ^ who ftill prefling forward many of them fell into the Covert Trenches, and were there impail- ed on the Stakes \ and fiich was the Clamour and Out- cries of the Enemy, where together with the Clafhing of Weapons, and dreadful Fires, that it feemed as if the defolation of all things was come, and in this dif- mal manner continued the Fight for the fpace of two Days, and two Nights, without intermiOion : Info- much that Sdymus finding what obftinate Enemies he had to deal with, began to defpair of winning the City, and therefore was about to found the Retreat, as his fainting Soldiers moft earneftly delired, at v»?hat time he had News that Mufiapha BaJfaAi^d by the Conduft of fome Fugitive Mamaliik^s , entered the City on the other lide, and had taken the Mamaluk^s Horfes, The Turktjh Htflory, 1 75 Horfes, which they had left there re-ady Sadled, there- on to make their efcapes, if matters came to the Ex- tremity, which not only Animated the Tftrks, but dif- mayed the Ma>mlakesj who expedled no fuch Matter : So that the Fight were renewed on the third day, con- tinuing Bloody and doubtful till the Evening, at what time rnoft of the Egyptians were very defirous to be rid of their infolent Lords , the Mamalnk^s revolted to the Turks ^ which the Mamalukes perceiving, and that by Realbn of the great number of Turks^ that were fent to ftop the Gaps that Death had made, they were no longer able to relift their Fury, they be- took themfelves to flight, rnoft part of them halting to the River Nilm with Tomombeius ( who in that Battle had all in vain proved the utmofl; of his Prowefs and Policy ) being Tranfported over it in Boats fled to Sege/ba^ others of them fled into the Houfes of the Egyptians^ and into Caves, and Vaults in the City to hide themfelves. A thoufand five hundred of the bet- ter fort, betook them to the Temple of their pretend- ed Prophet, where after an obffin^te and tedious de- fence, being difabled by Wearinefs, Thirft, and lofs of Blood they furrendered themfelves upon Di- fcretion, part of whom the furious Soldiers flew in the Porch of the faid Temple, and the reft within a few days after, being fent down the River to yllex- andria, were there contrary to the Promife of Selymm put to Death. This great City fubdiied after the manner afore- faid, Sdymm Commanded a part of his Army to ex- tinguifh the Fire, which raged vehemently in many places, which done he exhibited a Proclamation, that all the Mamalukes, who within twelve hours would furrender themfelves fhould have pardon of Life j up- on which many came forth of their fecret places, and that whofoever of the Egyprians fhould conceil any one 174 Turkish Hifiory. one of them longer then the time fpecified, he threat- ned to impail them alive on Stakes, and having fold their Wives and Children , to burn their Houfes ; which dreadful menace on the one fide, and hopes of Reward, which was alfo Promifed on the other, cau- fed many of the Egyptians contrary to their Promi^ fes to their old Lords, the Mamalnk^s to deliver fome of them up to the Tyranny of Sdymm^ who caufed them to be put to Death j but fome of the Egyptians impeached by their malicious N eighbours, chofe rather to fuffer Death, then to prove perfidious in breaking thefolemn Proteftations they had made to their Lords : Nor did the Vidtorious Turks fpare, though contrary to SelymHs his Promife to rifle the Houfes of the Egyp~ tians yAwrthtv many of them, and defloure their Daugh- ters, and ravifli their Wives even in their Prefence, and to ufe all other Cruelties incident to fo great and populous a City, upon the entry of an Hunger-ftarved Army greedy of prey. At the taking of Cair Gazjtles, the great and Vali- ant Captain of the Mamalnkes was notprefent, but fent by Tomombdm to raife an Army in Arabia^ who upon his return finding all loft, and that the Sultan was fled he knew not where, not thinking it Conveni- ent to hazard a Battle againft him, whom Fortune fo highly favoured he came to Selymm upon his Faith before given, for the fafety of himfelf and his Follow- ers, which were three Arrabtan Captains, and a num- ber of good Horfemen, and being admitted to his Pre- fence boldly declared , that fince Fortune had made him her Darling, and that he by her aid , rather Conquered the Mamalnkes-, then by any Force ; and that lince Tomombeins was fled, whofe part as long as his Kingly Authority and Majefty remained, he had faithfully ferved, he and the reft were at his Devotion j if he fo pleafed to ferve him with their Lifes and For- tunes 5 TljeTurkiJh Hifiory. 1 75 tunes, of which offer Selymns joyfully accepted, high- ly Commending Gaz.cles both for his Virtue and Va- lour, which for the moil part gains Credit amongit the rougheil Enemies, and not long after fending him to fupprefs the Aioors and that made Incurli- ons into the Country about Cair ^ he fuddenly over- threw them, and e’r he was expeded returned with Victory. Towowkw being in the Country of Se^efia, whilfl Selytmis was fetling his matters at Cdr^ raifed a conli- derable Army, and the rather for that he had frequent advice from the Carians, that if he would come fud- dcnly upon the they would raife fuch a Tumult that he fliould not only recover the City, but dellroy the Army who were but few in number, and moft of thofe weak through their Wounds and Sicknefs, but e’r he could put this Defign in Practice, one jil- bnchoffiar a maaof great Wealth and Authority in the Country of 5e^ey?^,difcovered the delign to Selymns -^who caufed all fuch Citizens as he fufpeLted to be fhut up in the Caille, and continually guarded the Streets , placing along the River Boats, and Men and Artillery to keep the Enemy from repafling it, and not well affured to hold what he had got, from fuch defperate and refolute Enemies as were the Mamahik^s •, of whom a great Power were again reforted to Tomom- beihs^ he refolved to fend Ambalfadors to him, to ad- vife him to fubmit, and in yielding to his Clemency he would provide for him in fome other part of his Dominions, but e’r the Ambalfadors came to his Camp, they were way-laid by certain Mamalitkss^ who had vowed no Peace with the Turks, and without refpedl to theirCharader lhamefully murthered them, upon notice of which Sdymis who w'as of a hot fiery Nature, was fo inraged that he could fcarcely contain himfelf: And thereupon Commanded a flrong Bridge made of Boats tn 6 The Turkijb Hiflory, and Planks, to be laid over Nilus, refblving to re- venge the affront done to his Majefty, the which once finifhed he drew the greateft part of his Army out of Cair, ( leaving only fo many as might keep the Ci- ty from revolting ) with an intent to pafs into the Country of Segafia, to waft it with Fireamd Sword ; of which Tomo?nbeins\mmg knowledge, by fpeedy mar- ches came to the Bridge at what time the uifmn- Horfemen were paffed over, and fetting furioufly up- on them e’r they had well pat themfelves in Order, making great flaughter of fuch as refifted : Infbmuch that many to avoid the Swords of their Enemies by leaping into the River were there drowned, others in paffing the Bridge were thruft befide and raiferably perilhed in the Water. Nor could Muftafha Bajja with all his Courage re lift the Fury of the Mamalakes, all the Turks being filled with Fear and Confternation, as well on the hither as the further Bank ; the Artillery w'as for a while rendered ufelefs,by reafon that if it had been difcharged , it muft have been againft the Tiirkj onely, who in fearful Troops covered the further Bank, calling for Help to thofe on the other fide ^ Se- lymiis feeing in what ftate Affairs ftood, caufed all his Boats to be brought, and filling them with Janizaries paffed them over, who Ranging in good order ftay- ed the Fury of the Mamalukss \ when as Carroglis Son to the Tartar King, and Brother-in-Law to Sdymiis^ with his Horfemen took the Water and Sworn over with little lofs : So that now the Battle went hard on all fides, and ftrongly did the Mamalukes prefs on to gain the Head of the Bridg j the which they had done by Cutting the Cables that faftened it, they had fet it afloat down the River, and deftroyed that part of the Army, with whom they were ingaged, e’r they could have been relieved by their Fellows j which Miiji-ayha perceiving, had drawn to_. that place both fheTurkifh Hiflorf. his Infigns, and his moft experienced Soldiers, fo that the Fight was for a longtime maintained Bloody and doubtful , but the Turks itill coming over in great abundance, true Valour was obliged to give place to Multitudes^ for the ALwmlnkss who had done all that men could do, betook themfelvesto Flight j after whom the TartarUn Horfemen followed with great Slaughter, as likewife did G azides ^ and Cayrebansj 5e/yww being delirous of nothing more then that Tomombeim might fall into his Hands, which at length fell out according to his wifh j for, the next Day he was overtaken, when making head with his flender Train, he Fought right valfently, but at length overcome he again fled,- yet fo Ifrift was Se~ lymm hiscommand,tbatthe great Captains ftill purfued him, denouncing all manner of Torture- to the poor Villagers, if they did not fo w’atch the pailages of the greatMarfh,whereinto he was entered, that he ihould by no means efcape ^ whereupon on the third day finding himfelf hard befet on everylide, he willingly gave his followers leave toforfake him, and laying alidc his Infigns of Royalty hid himfelf amongfb the Flags and BuQies, Handing up to the Neck in Water, where be- ing found by the Country Peafants, he was drawn thence and delivered to th^Baffa who brought him together with fcveral of his Captains to C^/r, -where Sdymm refolving before liand to put him to Deaths thereby to appeafe the Ghofts ‘of his llain Ambalfadors would not admit him to his prcfence, but commanded him to be delivered to the Tormentors, that with ex- quifite torments they might make him reveal theTrea- fure of Camffon Gonnts^ fuppofed by him to have been hid, all which he indured v/ith a manly courage and Hern Countenance, uttering nothing unbefeeming his- Charadter, after which he in tattered Garments with his Hands bound behind him, being fet upon a lea-u 178 The Turkifh Hijlory. Ill-favoured Camel, was in divifon carryed through all the Publick places of the City to be Gazed at as a 1 Spedade of Mifery, by thofe who not a Month be- fore hadhonourea with profound Reverence, as their great& mighty King, now by the handof Fortune thrown from the top of all worldly honour, into the Abyfs of extreamdl Mifery , and in this manner the infulting Turks having brought him to the chief Gate of the Ci- ' ty, extended their cruelty yet farther by ftrangling him with a Rope, and that he might be the better feen of all that palled by. Hanged him upon a hook under the Gate j nor did any of the Princes of the Mamalnk^s who fell into fhe Turks Hands fare otherwife. I'he Terror of Sdymus his many Vidories now fpreading wide, all the Cities of Egy^t fubmitted to the Conquerour, no place between the River iVi/«/,and the Borders of IndUznd. Arabia^ that were either Tri- butaries or Confederates to or with the Sultan, but lent their AmbaHadors with Prefents to Selymwj pro- iuillng to continue the fame with him, as they have done with the Snltms^ only the wild Arabians ftood at de- iiance till fuch time as with large Gifts he had won many of tlieir great Captains to bring their People o- ver to his obedience \ at what time Amyrafes fubmitted lumfelf, and delivered into his polTeflion the Egyptian Fleet, built to oppofe thz PormgifeTv2.^Q mxhtlndu /w,and fo Swimmingin the currant of Fortunes favour, be extended his Dominions as far as the confines of the Great King of i.Athiofta called Prefier~John^ and thus having reduced all to his obedience, . he camedown the River Nilas in hi? Gaily to Alexandria^ and having well reviewed it, returned again to Cnir^ from whence he commanded 500 Families of the Wealthier fort of tlie Egyptians to be removed to Confiantinople^ for the I'ranfportation of which Veflels were purpofely pre- pared-, as alfo a great number of Women and Chil- The Turki/h Hijiorp dren of the Race of the Afa^mlnkes^ thereby to prevent future troubles, and then Haying a while to obferve the overflowing of NUhs^ from which the Egyptians Prognofticate a happy or unhappy Seafon, as it rifes little or much, he refolved to depart for Syria^ having made Cayrebm the Traytor Governour ot Cair^ and his great Lieutenant of Eiypfy which he had reduced into a Province, whereat Jormfes the Great Bajft greatly envying, as fuppofing himfelf greatly wrongs ed by Selynms^ whom he had faithfully ferved in all his Wars, in heaping upon a Traytor the honour which he greedily expected by opening his mind there- in, and refilling to deliver the Largefles appointed for the Soldiers thereby to render hisCompetior odious, he fell fo far into the Emperors difpleafure, that notwith- Handing all the excufe he made in defence of himfelf, he caufed him to be Strangled even in his prefence, thereby to deter others from daring to prefcribe him what he Ihould Ad, or on whom he (hould bellovy his favours, yet was the fall of this grt'tBajJa worthily Lamented of the Souldiers, who fpared not to tell ths Tyrant to his Face of his many Barbarous Cruelties, repeating all the Inhumane Murthers he had caufed to> be committed, but others again remembring how this Bajfa had during his being in favour with Selymm^ caufelelly Stabed his Fair and Virtuous Wife Mumo^ upon a jealous , tho falfe and Groundlefs Sufpicion of her Inconftancy, faid it was a Judgement of Goc! , upon him for that B'arbarous and unnatural Crime* Selymm having left Egypt, and arrived in Syrian re^ ceived Letters from Himbracor the Great Malter of his Horfe, whom he had left upon the Frontiers to attenrS the motions of the Per fans, certifying him that Hif^ znaers great preparations were dv/indled into nothing by reafon that mofi: of bis forces confifting ofVolUntary Gentlemen, who ferved at their own charges, and they 1 So TTie Turkijh flifiory. not bound to pafsthe Limits of their Country, had re- fufed to invade thQTnrkiJh Frontiers, during the Wars with the Sultans of Egypt. All the following Winter Selymm ftay’d to fettle his Affairs in Syria^ but early in the Spring having notice from his Lieutenant in £«- rope -j that Pope Leo the tenth had ftirred up the C^ri- fiian Princes, to invade his Territories on that fide^ leaving G’^jz.e/ej his Lieutenant in Syria^ he hailed with his Army to Confiantinople., where he no fooner arri- ved but making great preparations, he refolved to bend all his forces againfl t)\tChriJHans-^\xt ’ere he could per- form his defignGod(who as he plefesreitrains the pow- er of Tyrants, even in their greatefl pride,to make him i fenfible that he was but a mortal Man ) ftruck him with a grievous Canker in the Reins of his Back, which de- i riding Art admitted of no cure, but daily increafing with horrible pains, he ftill Rotting above-Ground, and well-nigh Poyfoning fuch as were about him with the noifome Contagion, in his way to Hadriample^ in order to the Solemnizing the profane Feaft called Bai-‘ : ram ( or as they Term it the Feaft of their Prophet)he ' Breathed out his difmal-Ghoft Anno 1520, near to the City Chiurlia^ on the very fpot where he had formerly lifted up his Impious Sword againft his Father Baja- i with purpofe to have bereaved him of his Life and 1 Empire, dying after he had Reigned eight Years and ] lived 45, fillingthe World with Murthersand prodi- * gious Slaughters, and was Buryedinanew Temple at Confiantinaple^ Eredted for that purpofe by his Son So- lyman^ whofucceeded him in the Empire, and in token of his rcftlefs Nature, upon his Tomb is In- graven in Greeks., Tnrki^j Sdavonian Tongues, this following Epitaph. Idle Maxumti adjnm SelyniHs, qni orhem Domuv-) non Bel- la rehnqito., &c. Id The Turkish Hijlory. i8i In Englilh thus. Lo here I lye great Selymus,ip/?o held the world in fear^ The World I leave., yet not the Wars which 1 feek., tho not here. Not Fortunes chance, nor Vigors Hand could tak^ from me the S toils. j4nd thorny Bones lye Baryedhere, my Chofi ftek^ Bloody Broils. CHAP. XV. The Life of Solyman, the firfl of that Marne. , and fourth Emperor of the Turks, who for his many great exploits, or rather Lofty Carriage, was Sirnamed the Magnificent. SElymus being dead, his Death was Concealed by Fer- hates., the only Baffa prefent at his Departure, till fuch time as Solyman csime from Magnefia , left the Souldiers but efpecially tlie Janizaries fhould have Spoil’d and Plundered the Merchants- Strangers re- ading in the great City of Confiantmofle, as is ufual with them in Interregnums, as they call them, which are accounted from the Death of the proceeding Em- peror, to the time the Succeeding Emperor is prefent- ed to be proclaimed by the men of War but fuch was the Incredulity of Solyman, that knowing his Fathers cruel Nature, &Jealous apprchenfion of his intent toAf- pire toEmpirCjfor which he had often been in danger of N 3 his i 8 S The Tttrkijh fiijlary. his Life, could not believe what he molt dclired, till he had it certified from all Hands, upon which with more then ordinary fpeed, he halted to Confiofitmople, and there being met by the Great B^jfasy and the ot the Janizaries he was lead into the mid’ll of the men of War, drawn up for that purpofe, when as the ^ga or chief Captain with a lond Voice faid. Be- hold your Emperor, upon which immediately follow- ed an Univerfal Shout, fucceeded with the Joyful Ac- clamation of, Longlive the great Emperor Solyman ( which confent of the men of War is to the Tarkijlt Emperors, the greatell Afllirance of their fafe Ella- hlifnment in their Empire ) and fo in great Triumph they brought him into the Royal Pallace, and placed him in his fathers Seat o4nno 1520, at what time Charles the fifth was chofen Emperor of Germany. [ Th e Janiz^aries by this means dil^ppointed of the Spoil of the Goods, belonging to the Jewllh and Chri- Hian Merchants, in Lieu thereof received of the new Emperor great Sums of money, and had during his | Reign, their wages Augmented y upon the Death of Se- i lymsy Gazcles whom he had made Governour of Syria, j revolted from Solyman, and drew after him the remain- | jng power of t\\z Mamahkes, feizing upon feveral Ci- ties,but being Fought with by Cerates Ba(fa icnt againft him with a great power, he after a long and Bloody Fight was Slain, and his forces put to Flighty upon which all the Cities of Syria were again reduced to the Turkijl:! obedience; And now Solyman defirous to get himfelf a Name, by the Counfel of Pyrrhas-Bajfa his Tutor refolved to bend his forces againft the Chrifii- ans, who byReafon of the DilTenfions amongfi: them- felves, lay open to his Invafion ( a fatal over-fight which ever gave the Ottoman Emperors, the oppor- tunity to inlarge their Dominions on the Borders of Chriftendom ) whereupon raifing a great power, and entering ' TheTurkijh Hifiory, 185 entering Hungarian he took -5e/g' / «'e almoft v\ithou- refiftance, againft which in vain Mahojnet the Great ■> uimifrath and Bajaz.et had loft 5G0000 Men *, Bdgradt ftrongly Garrifoned he difperfed part of his Army, and returned to Cof7fiamwople, making great prepara- tions for Sea againft the Spring, as having an Eye up- on the famous I hand of Rhodes^ of which the Rhodiar/s not being Ignorant chofefor their great Mafter FhUip- pMs nilerm, a man of great Wifdom and Courage , then following the French Court j but upon notice thereof took Shipping at AFarceRes^ and arrived fafe in the Port of the City Rhodes ( tho Solyman bad fent out Cortfig Ogly^ a famous Pirate of the Tnrks^ with feveral Gallies to intercept them)whereupon at his ar- rival he was inftalledby the Knights of tne Order and Citizens, with great Triumph, and more then ordinary expreflionsof Joy. Solyman not altering his Determination , yet deh- rous toknov/ how the Rhodians ftood affefted, and to learn all that was poffible of their number, and the Strength of the City, fent divers infmuating Letters with Superferiptions of his Thundering Titles to the great Mafter, of which this is one, Solyman by the Grace of God, King of Kings, Lord of Lords, greateft Emperor of Conftaminople^ and TrepesLond^ moft; Mighty King of Ferfia^ ArahUy Syria^ Egypt y Lord of Afia and EnropSy Prince of Aiecba and AleppOy Ruler of Jernfalem and Mafter of the llniverfal Sea, to FhilippHs nUeras Lilladamns great Mafter of Rkodes, &c. But neither thefethumping Titles, nor his Threats and Promifes, could move the great Mafter to hearken to his Requeft, which was that he would become his Tributary, and to deliver into his pofteftion the City and Ifland ^ fo that finding his Expedations Fruftra- ted, and that his Name was not fo terrible as he fup- pofedj after many Letters had palled and repafted, he N 4 caufed 384 Turk/JI) Wfiory. caufed a Fleet of 200 Gallies to.be furnilhed with all things necelTary/orthe fiege ofthat ftrong city,ofwhich the great Mafter being Advertifed,was not wanting on his part to put all things in order for making a moft reiolute defence, caiifing Watch and Ward to be kept in every Street, and the great Artillary to be plantM upon the Walls, and Bulwarks, opening all the Armo- ries of the City, and furnifliing every man with Wea- pons, appointing to each his Station, there to be ready when occafion required his Service, and then taking a General Muller of fuch as were fit for Service, he found about 5000 refolpte men, amongll whom were fix hundred Knights of the order, each of them ca- pable of Commanding a vail Army, as likewife 500 Souldiers of Greet ^ there were come thither for fear of a number of Villagers, who ferved to Sink Sounds to Countermine the Enemy, and to call up Rampires, C^c. Things thus ordered, the great Mailer calling toge- ther his Commanders and Soldiers, incouraged them in a inpll Chrillian-like manner, to fight boldlymgainlb the Enemies of Chrift, and rather to dye in tne de- fence of their Religion, then to fubmit themfelvesto the Tyranny of the Barbarous Infidels, putting them in mind of the Valour of their Ancellors, and of the aid they were to expe(fl from the Chrifim-n Princes,C^ £‘. Which Speech fo Animated the Commanders and Soul- diers, that they defired nothing more then to fhew their prowefs to the World. By this time the Turks Gallies were put to Sea, and about twenty being the forerunners of the Fleet for maiiy Days brayed the Rhodian sh^ioxt their own Port, whereupon the Great Mailer called a Council to know yyhether they Ihould be Fought with or not, to pro- cure which the Chancellor a man of Admirable Cou- rage earnellly Laboured, but thedefandents being but The Turkijb Hiftory. i S J few, and therc’fore the fmalleftlofs at Sea, thothey fhould gain the Vi(Tcory,might be a means to Weaken the City, yet at length it was refolved upon, that they fhould be permitted toLand in any part ofthe llland, ex- cept the Port without reliftance, which they accord- ingly did, burning up the Corn, and making great Spoil as they palled, yet durll they attempt nothing againft the City, but again entering their Galley flood off to Sea, to joyn with the reft of the Fleet, which on the 25 of jHne^^mo was from the Watclv Tower Handing upon St. Stephens Hill difeerned, and notice given thereof to the Great Mailer, whocaufed Publick Prayers to be put up to God, tliat as it was his pleafure, that they at that time fhould become the Champions of the Chriftian Religion, that fo of his infinite Goodnefs, it would pleafe him to ftrength- en them, and give them Vidory over the Enemies of his name, &c. Prayers ended every man betook him to his charge, when as the fleet failing by in Triumph, the Vice- Admiral of the Turks in the middle, having a fair Wind, ftrook Sail diredly before the Mouth of the Haven, and caufed his Galley to row towards the entrance of the Port, Guarded with two ftrong Towers, from Vv'hich he received Inch a thundering welcom, that he was inforced to retire, and fo with the reft of the fleet failing along the coaft they came to a Promontory called by the Inhabitants Bow, where thrufting their Gallies into a fmall Haven, they landed their Artillery, aud other neceffaries fit ior the Siege, the whole Army coniifting of 200000 men ■, and whillt they were pre- paring to intrench themfelves, the Great Mailer fenC EmbalTadors to Charles t\\Q Emperor, and the French King, as likewife to the Pope, and Princes of Italy for aid, but they by reafon of the broiis amongft them- felves, returned the EmbalTadors only with fair pro- mifes in Head of performance. The l%6 The Turki{h The City of Rhodes is Situate upon plain ground, every vyhere to be befieged, except towards the North, which is defended with a good Haven, and is incom- pafl'ed about with a ftrong double Wall, and deep Trenches, threatning the Enemy with 13 ftately Towers, 5 Bulwarks, and many ftrong Gates, and what was more available, within the City was kept a llrid and orderly manner of warlike difcipline. The defence of the whole City was thus proportioned *, From the French Tower the which for its exceeding height feems to kifs the Clouds, Hood the Frenchmen with the Lillies in their Enfign, under Johannes Ahinm a Knight of the order, from thence to St Georges Q2X.Q fey the Germans with their Eagle Enfign, in the third ftation were placed the French of Avernois with the Spaniards^ for that the ditches in that place were neither fo deep nor broad as in others, next to them lay the Englijhj commanded by the great Mafter himfelf, and laftly were placed they of Narhona and the Italians^ under the Command of Fetrtu Balinns, and Gregorius Morgmm^ Valiant Knights of the Order. Whilft Affaires flood thus, feveral Turkijh “W omen flaves to the Rhodians^ had confpired that when the AfTault was given, they would fet their Mailers houfes on fire, thereby to difcourage the Souldiers, and draw them from their defences to extinguifhing the flame, but this treachery being timely difcovered the Confpirators were executed^ by this time the T^ks had planted feveral batteries, and began to play upon the English Bulwark, but without doing any confiderable damage, when on the other fide, the Cannon from the Walls furioufly playing upon the Turkish Pioneers, as they were breaking Ground, fcattered their dead Bodies all over the Plain, when at the fame time a ftrong party Sallying out, cut off a great number of fuch IWere fent to guard them , du- ring TheTurkifftHifiory, 187 ring their running the trenches, which fo difeouraged the reft, that they began to Murmur and Mutiny a» gainft their Commanders, feeming daily more and more unwilling to hazard their lives againft fo ftrong a City, and fuch refolute Enemies, which caufed Tyr^ut Bsja General of the Army, to fend Letters to bolymsn then refiding at Conflantinoyle ^ to inform him: That if he would have the Siege go forward, he muft without delay come in perfon, for that the Souldiers without regard of ftiame were ready to rife in Mutiny, and to abandon the Siege, refufing to be commanded by their Captains, upon notice of which Solyman caufed his Gallies to be made ready. And on the 28 of came himfelf to the Camp, where reading in the Coun^ tenances of his Souldiers, the little mind they had to continue the Siege, he was exceeding wroth, when cauling them all to be difarmed, he commanded 1 500© harquibufiers to incompafs them ( which Harquibufiers he had brought with him) and Mounting his Pavilion for that purpofe ereded, he rated with many bitter words, calling them Slaves and Cowards, after which he incouraged them to affume their Priftine courage and fight manfully againft the City, till they had fub- dued it, and thereupon pronounced pardon to all that had offended, and fwore them again to his obedience, after which the City was furioufly battered, with ftiot of incredible weight, and huge ftones for many days, and was as manfully defended by the Rhodians^ fo that in 200 fhot there were but i o men flain, though feveral houfes were fhattered, with their force, of which the Turks having notice from one Affella a Citizen of Rhod^Sj who was for the fame executed as a Tray* tor. The Turks perceiving the former Battery ineffeftual, raifed a huge Mount, on which they placed 40 great Ordnance with which they played furioufly upon the Tower lS3 The Turki^ Hi (lory. Tower of St. Nicholas^ which was valiantly defended by one Guido a Frenchman^ to whom the charge of it was committed , but e’r they had made many Ihot, moll of their Pieces were difmounted by the Cannon from the City, nordurll they, when they had made a Breach, enter it ; but ufed great Diligence to un- dermine the Wall, thirty two of which Mines were fruitrated by Countermines ^ yet they fo plyed it, that on the tourth of September having undermined the Englijli Bulwarks, they blew part of it up, and in it di- vers of the Defendants \ at' which Breach the Turks attempting to enter, were killed in the Breach to the numbe; of 2000. Which the reft obferving, betook themfelves to their Heels, bnt being forced thereby to pleafe the Tyrant, they three days after renewed the Aflault, but with worfe fuccefs then before ^ yet though they did as much as in them were pollible, Soly lent them a third time to enter at the faid Breach, in attempting which 7000 were llain, amongft whom were many gre&t Commanders, though not without fome lofs to the befieged ; for in expuHing them fifty Knights of the Order, and lOo of le Her Note were llain. Thefe great LofTes made the Bajfas more wa- ry, refolving not longer to affail the Lelieged with plain Force, but to work under ground, and by that means to overthrow the Walls, but therein, for the moft part they were unfuccefsful, as being fru ft rated by the Countermines j yet by fo weakening the Wails, they rendred it more liable to the Force of their Ar- tillery, beating down great Pieces thereof, yet flood hovering about , being afraid to enter, and yet not daring to retire, though they were mowed down in abundance by the great Shot, for fear of the T yrants difpleafure ^ yet at length creeping under the Walls to the Spanijh Bulwarks, they furprized it, whilft their Soldiers v/erc drawn off to relieve their Fellows, hardly The Turkijh H'tjtory, 1 8^ hardly Charged by j^chmetes Bajfa^ but e'r they had kept it two hours it was again recovered, and all the Turks either put to the Sword, or thrown over into the Ditch, where they miferably perilhed: And the Bajfa fore Gauled by the Flankers was forced to re- tire, though not without great daughter of his Men, who lay on heaps in the Ditch and Breaches, which So- lyman perceiving caufed the retreat to be founded \ in this Afiault, by the Valour of the Chrifiium, 20000 Turks fell, which fo grieved Solyman^ that in a great rage he Commanded Mufiafha Bajfa^ the firft mover of the War to be flain, as likewife Pyrrhus Bajfa^ for daring to intreat for him ^ but upon the humble Sup- plication of his Men of War on their behalf, he re- mitted the Execution of the Sentence, but would not for a long time receive them into Favour. He alfo Commanded the Admiral of his Gallies to be put to Death, for fuffering Provifion to be carried by Sea in- to the City j but at the intreaty of Jiclmetes his Life was fpared,but he not abfolutely pardoned ^ for being fet upon the Stern of his Ship, he there as a Slave by the Commandment of So'lyman received 100 Stripes, and fo much was the Tyrant grieved for the re-ite- rated loifes fuflained in that Siege, that he was about to have raifed his Camp and returned to Confia7itwo- p/f, the which he had done, had not Achmetes Baffa perfwaded him to the contrary, by Promfing to make him fpeedily a way into the City ^ at which he taking Courage again heartned his Men to continue the Siege, whofe Refolutions had long before fainted j upon which Achmtes to make good his Promife, aflailed with all the Forces under his Command, the Vmmi~ res of the Avsrgnon Station, the which although they were not high, were valiantly defended by the P^ho- dtans-^ yet the Turks Power increafing, they were at lalt taken, and a great Pent-Houfe claped to the W^ail, 1^0 The Tttrkijh Hifiory, to fccure the bcfiegers from the Shot of the beilegcd, notwithftanding Per fanes a notablcEngineer caufed fuch abundance of Wild-Fire,Pitch, Tar, Lead, hot Alhes,and Water to be thrown on them, that they were forced to retire i but fuch was the miferable Condition of the Tnrk^ Soldiers, that they were forced back again by their Commanders, even into the mouth of Slaughter, or elfe by them flain as Cowards, or Flyers ^ yet for all they could do, the Rhodians forced them to retire in great diforder, which inraged Solyman even to Mad- neft, but perceiving that his Honour lay at Stake, he again by many perfwalive Arguments prevailed with them, to give another Aflault, promifmg them great Rewards if they prevailed, and threatning thofe with Death , that fliould be remifs in the performance of their Duty, which either, through Hopes or Fear Animated them to another Aflault, but with no better fuccefs then before ^ for being miferably rent by the murthering Shot from the Flankers and Countermu- rers, they were forced to retire leaving Piles of their Dead in the Breach and Ditch *, and now being alto- gether heartlefs, yet extreamly vexed that they Ihould be foiled with a handful of Men, they refolved for the f utere to be the more wary , and rather to tire the Rhodians with continual Alarums then venture upon them, when in the mean time they fet their Pioneers at work, to make way through the Breach deep in | the Ground, and for their defence turned their great j Artillery upon it, to prevent the Rhodians Sallying, and with their multitude proved therein fo fuccefsful, that in a Ihort time they had gained within the City 200 paces in breadth, and 1 50 in length v yet durft not Sally out to Scale the Countermurers, which the Rho- dians had made of the Houfes beaten down by the Turks Shot, which Solyman perceiving at the inftance of j^ch-^ metes^ caufed. a parley to be offered j offering many t^fORabk Tht Turkijh Hifiory, I p I rcafonable Conditions, if the Rhodians wouH at length furrender the almoft ruined City j but, and in Or- der thereto fent Hieronymus Monelia a Genoway^ who having procured fafe Condud, would not deliver his MelFage but to Ibme particular men, which fo incenfed the Knights of the Order, who now had fet down a Refolution to dye in defence of the City ^ that one FrancifcHs Farnovius z French Knight of lingular Valour, bent his Piece againft him, and would not fuffer him to do 'nis MelTage j but the Citizens hearing there were Termis of Life and Liberty offered by the infulting Tyr ant, came to the Houfe of the great Mailer, and befoeched him to take pitty on them, their Wives and Chiildren, and that fince he well faw that the City v/as not long tenable, he would in time provide for Vheir fafety, and not expofe them to the Fury of their Mercilefs Enemies j whereat the great Mailer, a man of lingular Piety, as well as Warlike Ardour, being moved to CompalTion fent Antomus Grolens^ and Rohar- tHs Barnfmas his Ambafladors to Solyrmn^ having firlt received Pledges for their fafe return, who coming into the Emperors Prefence, told him that they were fent to know for what caufe he had fent to require Parly, who in a fuming heat as if he had been Igno- rant of the matter faid, there was no fuch thing offer- ed , and thereupon Commanding them prefently to avoid his Camp, fent them away with Letters to the great Mailer and Citizens to this Effedl. If I had not Companion of human Infirmities , which often times tumbleth Head-long mens Ambiti- ons, and haughty minds into moll dangerous and un- necelfary Mifehiefs ^ truly I would not have direded to you thefe Letters at this time, but as you have well deferved, perfecute you with Death, and moll Mife- rable Servitude, which how ealie a thing it were for me to do, you your felves know, but having now ' fufficiently ipi The Turktjh Hi (lory, fufficiently tryed my force, if you be wife make proof of my Clemency, you have already fatisfyed your own fury, your own mad humour: Therefore nowadvife your felves, lay your Hands upon your Hearts, and without delay yield your felves, as I command your Lives, I give you your Wealth, and more then that your choice to tarry there ftill or depart, refufe not the Grace freely Offered, which was of you to have been mofl: heartily defired •, it fhall not be always Law- ful ( as at this prefent ) to make choice of both, &c. Upon the return of the Ambaffadors,' the Citizens of all forts flocked together, to the Great Mailers Houfe, Handing near the Breach to implore hin.i to accept of any Reafonable terms, who after he had difmifTed the Multitude, calling to him the Knights of she Order, and chief Citizens, after the Letters read, he exprefled himfelf after this manner. You heard ( facred Fellows in Arms , and Valiant Citizens of Rhodes ) thefe imperious and forrowful Letters, w hereunto how we are to anfwer , reqiii- reth no great deliberation-, we muft as refolute men cither yield or dye, all hopes of Vidory is gone, ex- cept forrain aid comefpeedily to our Succour j where- fore if you will follow my Counfel, let us with Wea- pons in our Hands until the laft Gafp and fpending the lafl: drop of our Blood like Valiant men, defend our Faith and Nobility, received from our Anceftors, and the honour which we have of long tinie gotten, both at home and abroad, and let it never be faid that our honour dyed but with our felves. This Speech was approved of by all the Knights of the Order, and mofl: of the Soldiers, but the Citi- zens looking back upon their Wives, Children, and Wealth, Hood mute for a good while, but at length Pity working in their Breft , they humbly befou^t the The Turkijh Hifiory. 195 the Great Mailer j that he would yet have Conipaf- fion on them, and accept of the Tyrants reafonable Conditions, fince Fame fufiicient had been won by their doing all that men were capable of performing, and that they would yet hazard their Lives to the utmoll, if they perceived any hopes of defending the City, or that any forain aid in time would come to their alTi- ftance, but lince neither of them were tobeexpedcd it was but reafonable to yield to inevitable neceility, Af- ter thefe and many the like Arguments, and others of the refolute Soldiers, and Commanders on the con- trary, it was concluded that the City was not capa- ble of being defended by fo fmall a Power, againlt fuch a numerous Army, whereupon MelTengcrs were fent to require a Truce for 4. Days, whicli was ac- cordingly granted, during which time the TwG pre- fuming on the Truce, came in great number to View the Works, at which Fornovm a French man being greatly offended, in a great heat without any command from the Great Mailer, caufed a Fire of Artillery to be difeharged amongll the thickell of them j whercup,- on they pretending a Breach of T ruce on the part of the Rhodiansy thrull'in at the Breach in great Troops, but after a (harp Skirmilh were forced to retire, in revenge whereof one of the Tnrks Fencers having ta- ken 3 ChrijHanSy cut off their Hands, Nofes and Ears, and in that pollure fent them into the City, threat- ning within 4 Days to ferve the Great Mailer after the fame manner y yet Solyman dilfembling the matter, fign- cd and fwore to the Articles of Peace brought to him for that purpofe by Nkholoi Ftrgotusy and Georgius SandriticHSy which were to thisEffed y That the Chur- ches Ihould remain unto the Chrifiiuns inviolate, that no Children Ihould be taken from their Parents , or any ChrilHuns be inforced to imbrace the Mahometrji Superllition .'That fuch Chrijikas as were Contented to O remain ip4 TurkiJIi Hijlor^y. | remain in the City, might fo do at their Plcafurc,'' ,, and that fiich as would depart, might have Liberty! fo to do v/ith all their Subitance, to be furnifhed with | Convenient Shipping, Provifion, and Ordnance as far as Crccf, that fhotld appoint a reafonable I Day for their Departure, and that in Confideration thereof, the City to be delivered up to fiichas5o/y- 7nan fhould appoint to take PoflelTion thereof. Upon the afore-mentioned Articles, though they were not all obferved by the Turks , the City was de- livered up ylrrr.o 1 5 22. after it had indured fix Months Siege, and coft Solyman the Lives of 80000 of his Soldi- e;‘s, having been in the PoirejTion of the Knights of the Order 214 years ; Upon which the great Mafter being for his Gravity, Virtue, and Valour highly Ho- noured, and applauded by the Conqueror imbarked ( together with the Knights of his Order, and fuch o- thers as would accompany him ) and the Gallies for that purpofe ready in the port, and failed to Mefna, where he was joyfully received, and after invited to the Courts of molt of the Chrifiian Princes , having with Indignation refufed Solynian\ great Offer made i to him, provided he would have accompanied him to Cor flam ir.ofleyivA\i2NQ fpent the remainder of his Days in his Serviee. And thus for want of Relief ( the Princes at that time being at Variance amonglt themfelves ) the famous Rhodes was loft, where Solyman having ; flayed awhile to fettle his Affairs appointed a Go- | vernour, and fo breaking up his Army returned to | Corfianthw'j^ic^ v/here for the fpace of three years he lived Peaceably, giving himfclf up to all manner of Pleafurcs \ but at the end thereof perceiving the Di- fcord amonglt tiie Ckrifiian Princes, managed by Pope AdrTn the fixth to grow hot ( a fatal oyer-fight that ever gave the Ottoman Kings and Emperors op^or- imiity TljeTurkijh Hijlory. tp$ tunity of extending their Dominions ) he conceived it. beft tofifh in troubled waters, and thereupon railing ail Army of 200000 Horfe and Foot j he fell like n Temped upon Hungary^ fuhduing all before him till he came within fight of the Walls of their chief City, at what time Lewis the young King perfwaded thereto by Tomorcus a Fryer, who allured him of tiie Vidor y, and feveral other ra(h Counfellors, not regarding thofe of more Gravity, that difwaded him from fo ra!h an At- tempt ^ with an Army of fcarce 30000 raw Soldiers gave him Battle, but was overthrown with miferable Slaughter ofhis men, and himfelr feeking to efcape, pa- lling over a Fenny Ditch his Horfe fell backwards, upon which, he was loaden with his Armor, and none coming to his Relief, he was fmotliered in the Wa- ter and Mud : In this Battle fought on the 29* of O^ober Anno i 525 perifhed moil of the Hungarian Nobility, and well near all the Common Soldiers. After this great great Vidory obtained, Solyman having mod of the drong Cities delivered into his PolTelliong gave the Kingdom to Joannes Sefufus Vayvod of Tranfilvania, and taking with him fiich things of Price as he thought convenient, leaving two ofhis BaJfM with flying Armies on the Frontiers, he returned to Confiantimple^ but he was no foo-ner departed and John Crowned by the Confent of the remainder of the Hungarian Nobility ( v/ho durd do no other for fear of the Turks ) but Ferdinand King of Bohemia laid Claim to the Kingdom, and to make his Title more apparent, fent his AmbalTadors to the Courts of divers Chrislim Princes, to declare from whom he derived his Claim i when aided by Charles the Emperor his Brother, he entered Hungary with a great Army , and without any confiderable Reli- ftance took the drong City of Buda \ at what time ma- ny of the Hungarians jovned with him, as not in e ip6 TheTiirk'tfh Hijlory. j leaft favouring John j fo that fearing delays might' ] be dangerous, he caufed his Army under the leading of his expert Captains to pafs over the River Tihif- cm upon a Bridge of Boats, and marched diredly to the Callle of Tocai^ where King John lay with his Army where the Battle being joyned alter a lharp Difpute, the Victory fell to •, when as King John feeing all loir and paft: recovery, fled with feve- I ral of his truffy Followers into ^ upon whofe | departure Ferdinand by the advice of fuch Hungarians as I favoured his Caufe, was Crov/ned King at jilha- Regalis I tb.c ufual place for the Coronation of the Hungarian | Kings : Whereupon having difpofed all things to the I'-elL advantage, and appointing Ste^hanm Bator his Vice-Roy, hereturned into Bohemia. King John by the means aforefaid thrull of his King- dom, grew extreme impatient, and often confulted j with Sigifn.ond King of Polonia to re-in-throne him I in his Kingdom, offering to bear the Charge of theWar j j but the Pole being already in League with Ferdinand, 1 would not feem unlcis underhand to favour John., but j wiihed him to take counlcl with Hieronymus Lafeus a great Politician, what was belt to be done in his Affairs, the which Ay/b-a advifed him to crave Aid of Solyman now at Lcai'urc to afliflhim^ and urged fo many P^eafons for it, that he was content to fend him ■ his Ambaflador to Con/rantinople , who there with Treafure and fair Speeches, fo allured the Ba|faso^ the Court to fecond him in his Requeft, that Solyman pro- rnifed again to enter Fhmgaria with apuilfant Army, and by the Inlinuation of this fly Councellor, that when King Ferdinand font Ambailadors to him, to mp.ke out his Title, by which he laid Claim to the Kingdom, he would fcarcely give them Audience and v/hen he did, inlfeadof an Anfwer to their ArabalTy, he Heraiild-like denounced againil their King, all, the Calamities The Turkijh Uifiory. Calarnitles that attend on War, and fo commanded fpcedily to depart the City ^ all which upon their Ar- rival at they made known to the Kings Lieu- tenant, who was fo far from believing them, that he looked upon them as vain and idle Tale-bearers, which they perceiving hailed to the King at Spires, who then was Labouring to get himfelf cholen King of the sionMns^ and declared to him all they had in Charge s Whereupon he well knowing ,5 that the de- firous of Glory, and the inlarging of his Dominions, feldom broke his WcHrd on fuch occafions jhe put all his Forces in a readinefs, earneftly, both in Perfon and by his Ambalfadours, craved Aid of the German Prin- ces for the Defence of his Kingdom of Hungary the common Enemy ^ but his Brother Charles having his hands full of his Wars in Italy , and he wanting Money to raife a fufficient Army to fight lb powerful an Enemy, was forced to fufFer him without Controifl to enter Hungaria^ for fear of whom the Citizens of Buda moftly lied to Strigonmm^ Alba-Regalisj and Pojfo- rtmm ; So that marching from Belgrade ( where King John came to wait upon him, and received a Confirma- tion of the Promife he had made to Lafcm^ of reftoring him to the Kingdom of Hungary ) he came before it, and had it yeilded with little or no Refiftance, as like- wife the ftrong Caflle, though contrary to the Will of the Captain, yet contrary to his Promife, he caufed all that were found in the latter to be put to the Sword, except the Captain, whom the Soldiers iiad call in Bonds, for refufing to joyn with them in their trea- cherous delivery of that llrong Piece. Bada taken mofl of the other Cities of Hungary fur- rendred •, whereupon he refolved to invade Aafiria^ 2l part of King Ferdinands other Dominions , in Order to which he fent Achawetes Baffa with the voluntary Horfemen, who running through the Heart of Hunga- IPS . Tht Turki/h Hiflory. ry^ entrlng into Auftrja with Fire and Sword pafled by y"mna^ miferably burning and deftroying the Coun- try before them, even as far as Lyntz,^ driving the Country People like Sneep, deflowring Figins^ riping up Women alive, dalhing Infants againft the Rocks, with all other imaginable Cruelties \ after whom So- lyman followed with the grofs of his Army, confin- ing of 500000 Horfe and Foot , as many Writers affirm, who by the way having taken the Caftle of AU tenbury^ and in vain afl'aulted Neapolis j he came before the great City of Fienm^ and incamped about it in five places, covering the Ground with his Tents, and the multitude of his People 8 miles in Circumference. So that Count Palmne of the Rhine^ and Duke of BavAria, General of King Ferdimnd's Forces, not being able to get into the City with his Army fent for that purpofe, was forced to ftay at Chremfe ; yet was his Nephew Philip the Palfgrave, a little before the coming of Solyman to the great joy of the Citizens, entered with feveral Troops of valiant Horfemen, as likewife Ntcholoi Count of Salmay the Lord WtlliAm Regendorf Steward of the Kings houffiold, Johannes Caz.z.ia?ter, Nicholam Tnriamu.) Johannes Hardems^ Leo- nardas FelfuiSy HeEhor Ramfac^ with divers others, all men of great Experience and Valour, and daring Re- folution yet was the City but badly defended with a Brick Wall , without Grafts or Flankers, the Ditch al- together dry, and although at that time there were found 4C0 Pieces of Ordnance, yet they could find means to mount no more then a 100, notwithftanding the Citizens and Soldiers ufed all diligence, in railing Rampires, and Barocading the Gates, unlefs thofe they referved to Sally at, and by the Command of the Governour every man was affigned his Qiiarter, keep- ing ftrid Watch upon the Walls, to prevent the E- nemies approach, for that the Bulwarks were not The Turkijh H'Jlory, Ipp of Confiderablc ftrength : The Count of Sdm/i, and the Lord Regendorf , walking hourly from one place to another, to fee all things put in a pofture of de- fence, the Citizens laboured continually in ftrengthen- ing the Fortifications, and railing Batteries, where- on to plant fuch Pieces as lay ufelefs, for want of where to mount them : they made likewife divers Fire-works, and continually kept Coppers of Tar, Pitch, Rolm, Oyl, and fcalding Water, inareadinefs to pour upon the Enemy, by that means to prevent their Scaling the Walls, every one from the greatcfi: to the leafi-, exprelfing a Cheerfulnefs for the defence of this place, the Metropolis of dnflria^ and chief Hope of the German Empire, which the Turks conceived fo Confiderable, that they doubted not, but it won, all Aiiftria^ Stiria , and Corinthia , would be foon at their Devotion. The City by this time ftrengthencd and provided, of many necelfary for a llrenuous Defence ; Melfen- gcres were fent to Count Fredrtck^to draw near with his Army, the more to terrific and amaze the Enemy, whofe numerous Camp could not long fublllt, if fup- plies of Provilion were cut off;, upon the Arrival of the Meffenger, the Count highly approved of the Re- folutibn of the bdieged, and declared he would be al- ways at hand, and omit no Indeavours tofuccour them, admonifhing the Meifenger to remember him to his fellow Soldiers, and in his Name intreat them to play the Men, for the defence of the Chrijrian Religion, and Glory ot the German Nation, whole Ruin the Infidels fought^ and.fo with feveral prefeuts, he difmilfed the Mellenger, who returning related what he had in Charge : Whereupon the Lord Regendorf allembled all the chief Commanders, and principal Citizens, and with an undaunted Courage, made this Ihort Oration. Chrifiians and fellow Soldiers , the time is now O 4 come 300 The Turkifh Hifiary] come, wl)ercin we are to fight under the Banner of our Lord Jefus Chfift, whom thefe barbarous Nations have defied , let us then fliew forth our Courage to the utmoft, even in the Mouth of Slaughter ,■ let not Death nor Danger terrific us , fince we fight in a good Caufe, even for our Religion , our Lives , our Wives, Children, and all that we hold dear, for what it can be but Ambition, and thirft of Chrijl'tan Blood , that drew this Bloody Monftcr with his numerous Hoft, from fuch remote Countries ; Therefore I fay , rather Jet us dye like Men, fighting it out to the laft Drop of Blood, then yield our felves to thefe Barbarous Infidels, who know not how to Ihew Mercy, whofe Leagues, Vows, and Solemn Proteflations are all but Wind, kept no longer then they prove Advantagious to themfelves •, I for my part, have fixed my unalterable Refo- Jution to defend tlais Place to the lall Gafp, refolring not to furvive its lofs. This Oration fpoken with great Earneftnefs, plainly Demon- llrating the Zeal of a brave General, was feconded with loud Ihouts, every one promifing to Live and Dye with him in the defence of the City; Whereupon it was refolved, that the next Morniog a Sally fhould be made upon the Enemies, to give them a Tallc of Chrijhan Valour, and how little they valued their Lives fighting in fo good a Caufe ■, whereupon every one being difmified, went to his Quarters, to give necefiary Or- ders, and take a View how the Turks lay incamped, whofe multitude covered adl the Hills and Plains before the City. The Watch being fet, the General went round the City, at- tended by feveral Officers; Carefully to furvey each Q^iartcr, and to fee that none negleded his Duty ; fo that all things being in good Order, about Midnight fix Reigments drew up with a Refylution to fall upon the Enemies Camp, but whilft Orders were in giving, in what manner they Ihould make their approach, a Chrifiian Captive having made his efcape from the Turks, came running almoll breachlefs, and begged to be re- ceived into the City : Whereupon the Soldiers drew him up with a Pike , who being quelHoned about the ftate of the Turkijh Camp declared , that every night Cnee they came forty thoufand men were driven up in Battalia, to Guard the Camp ; which was not as yet well intrenched, upon notice of which the .General changed his Refoiution as to the Sally. ' During The TurkiJIj Hjjlory, i During the preparation within Solyman was not idle, (having fworn to carry the City by force e’re he departed, if he could not have it otherwife) but appointed to every man his llation, dividing his Army under Ibrahim the Great Bajfa, Michael Ogli and Becrambeiusy fo that all things being in a readi- nels, many falleys were made by the Chrillians with great daughter of the Enemies though the u^fa^i and Janiz.aries from their Trenches poured fliowers of Arrows into the City, for as yet the Turks great Artillery were not come up the Danubim^ but were dayly expeded ; of which Wolfgmgtn Hoder a Va- liant Captain underftanding by leveral TurkiPi Pri- Ibners failed out of the Bay of Fofonmm, and meet- ing with the Turks Galleys, funk thofe in which the Ordinance were , taking a great Booty, of which Solyman having notice, was greatly inraged, and finding that his fmall pieces did little other damage than beat down the battlements, and over-jets made of wood in ftead of Flankers, he caufed the Miners to be fet to the Wall, but this their chief hope which with wonderful labour attempted in thirteen places at once, was not fo lecretly done, but that it was by Drums layed upon the Ground, Bafons fil- led with Water, and deep founds perceived by the defendants, who with Countermines not only defea- ted many of them, but deflroyed in them by Wild- fire, and other Combuflible matter Eight Thoufand Turks-, when to prevent fuch difcovery, Solyman com- manded continual Alarums Ihould be given, that lb the Chrillians being imployed in defending- the Walls, might not regard the Miners which fuccee- dedfoto his wilh, that a great part of the Wall near the Gate that leadeth towards Carimhia was thrown down by the fpringing of a Miney-ati which the Turki in great numbers indeavouriog A a V, enter a 0 3 The Ttirhjfi HiJIorj. enter, were miferably cut off with the Murthering* fliot bentagainft the breach for the purpofe j which no fooner ceafed, but they were furioufly charged by the Germans ■, and in defpite of all reliftance bea- ten back with incredible flaughter : Not long after, the Wall being blown up in two other places, they again attempted to enter j but w ere repulfed as be- fore, leaving heaps of (lain in the Breaches, and Ditch ', nor was thar third .Aflault any more luc- ccfsful ^ fo that after three hours withftanding the fury of the refolute Defendants, they retired to the Camp Ten Thoufand lefs than they came. A while after, the Lord Re^endorfe perceiving the Turks by parties fcatter from their Camp, came with a Com- pany of G erman Horfe, fet upon a Party of Five Thoufand Three Hundred with fuch flaughter, that not above One Hundred and Forty of them retur- ned to tell the News : Nor did other Commanders of the befieged lefs indamage the Enemies by frequent Salleys, which fo inraged the Tyrant, that he ani- mated to a fourth Affault, promifing them great rewards if they prevailed, which fo far prevailed with them, that they refolved amongfl: themlelves either to win the City, or dye in the undertaking ^ but when they felt the fhot from the befieged like a tempeft fall on them, they were of a different opinion, fo that leaving many Thoulands of the flain and wounded behind them, they retire to the Camp; which Solymun perceiving, and fretting that his Honour had fo much fuffered by fb great a lols of his Men, and fo many Repulles, diflembled the matter as well as he could, and that the Cer- mavs fliGuld not fnppole he raifed his fiege, becaule he delpaired of winning it ; hecaufed feveral Prifo- ners to be richly dcathed, and giving them ftorc of Money, fent them into the City to inform the Cora- Tke Tm-kifi Hijiary. > 5 Commanders that he came not to take the City of Vienna'i but to fight Kfng Ferdinand^ and reftore the Kingdom of Hmgarit^ to King John : therefore fince he could not draw his Enemy into the Field to give him Battle, he v/ould remove thence to feek him, wherefore they fhould do well to yield themlelves j the which if they would, he promifed not to enter into the City, but to receive both the Citizens amd Souldiers into his protection, relerving unto ’um their Lives and Goods with perpetual freedom, which offer coming to the knowledge of the Princes and great Captains of the Chriftians fcornfully re- fuled, whereupon the Imperious Turk perceiving his defires not anfwered as he expeCted, having caufed all the Prifoners to be murthered , in a great heat railed his liege and departed, not flaying till he came to Bnda^ where having rellored the Kingdom to John in confideration of his becoming his Tributary, he returned to Confiantmoplcj yet plotting in his mind to dillurb the Chriftians, and revenge the difgrace he had received before at Fienna^ the next year, viz.-, 1530, he leavyed an Army greater than the former, purpofing with himfelf to over-run Carinthiay Styria^ and molt part of the G ermm Em- pire \ to effect which, he allowed three years, but was altogether deceived in his expectation : for Charles the Emperor having ended his Wars in Jtalyy was now at leifure to attend upon the Infolent who calling together his Valiant Captains, fent them into Spainy Italyy F Under Sy and other Countreys to leavy Forces, which they did in fuch abundance to oppofe the common Enemy, that upon the Mufter of the Army there were found Ninety Thoufand old ex- perienced Foot Souldiers, and Thirty Thouland Horlemen well appointed, all the Hower of Germa- ny, Italy-f Bohemuiy and IhwgarUy as likewi-ie One A a 2 ^ Hun- ^ The TurJ{jJJ} Hijiory, Hundred and Forty Thouiand of lefs experience, the whole Army confifting of One Hundred and Sixty Thoufand Men ; the approach of which fo terrified Solyman^ that after he had in vain befieged G onz.a^ and harazed'the Countrey, though with, the lofs of Ten Toufand of his Men, he returned to Confi ant inoflci car- rying with him into miferable Captivity Thir- ty Thoufand poor Chrillians taken in divers Coun- tries through which he pafled, and to appeafe his fury, put no lefs a number to the Sword. And now had the Chriftian Army, compofed of divers Na- tions, purfued the Turkb'j Land and Sea, as the Em- perour earnelHy defired they might have driven him quite out of Enrofe but Emulation ariling amongft the Commanders and the Soldiers, frequently mu- tining this great Army, effedcd nothing more than to oblige Solyman to retire. The Empire mindful of the damage fuftained by the Turks in Aufiria^ Hungary^ and other Countries to revenge the fame early the fpring following, let forth a Fleet confifting of Thirty Five great Ships, and Forty Eight Galleys, under the Conduct of jindreas Aurea-, a moft expert Captain, who failing to the Bay of Ambracia^ thought there to have met with the Turks Admiral, who had under his Com- mand Sixty Galleys, but he hgving notice of his coming from the Venetians^ who flood Newters, was failed to the flrong Haven of Calcide ; where- upon Auria directed his courfe to Corone-t a flrong City upon the Coafl of Peloponefiuy and had it yiel- ded unto him upon condition that the Garifbn might depart with bag and baggage ; where leaving a Gafrifbn of Spaniards^ he failed to Patras another City in the fame Tradl ^ took it, and ranfacked it, permitting the Garrifon neverthelelefs to march out in fafety j after which, he took all the Caflles that guarded The Turkijh Hijiory. 5 guarded the ftraight of NaupaBum without any hindrance, which gave Saluiatus General of the Mal- ta Galleys opportunity to wafte the Coaft of Co- rinth, and take great booties j which done, he re- turned loaden with fpoils to Naples , and from thence to Gema the place of his birth and reh- dence. The Turks grieving at their great lofs,* early in the Spring, 153 3, layM liege to both by Sea and Land i of which Mendoz^a the Governour by Letters advifed the Vice-Roy of Naples^ craving fpeedy aid, with all, alTuring Rim, he would defend the Town to the utmoll extremity i upon which, ^uria was fent with a well-appointed Fleet; the terror of whofe coming fo frighted the Turks', that they left the liege, having loft many Men before it, and for halte left all their heavy Carriages, which became a Prey to the Garrifon Soldiers, which ex- alted their courage to that degree, that they re- quelted Macicaus the Governour to lead them forth to the fiege of Jindruf.^ a Garrifon of the Turks not far diftant from Corone, but their coming being dif- covered, they could not furprize it as they inten- ded, yet ranfacked the Suburbs, and made great flaughter of the Turks Horlemen, quartering there- in, though with the lofs of lAacicaus the Governour, and divers others ; yet not long after they took the City, being abandoned by the Garrifon as not te- nable j but upon their return to Corone, the Plague began to rage fo fearfully, that fearing if they ftay, they Ihould ail perifh, and fit opportunity offering it felf by realbn of the Arrival of feveral Galleys from Sicily with Corn, all the Spaniards, together with as many Greeks as would imbarqued with the Cannon, and what elfe they thought convenient *, leaving the Town to be again polTelled by the A a 3 Turks 5 The Turl^ Hiftory. Tnrks^ though not without the conlent of the Em- peror. Annei'^i/if. Aloyfus Grittns, Son to the Duke of F'enice, and Solytnans great Favourite, being by him made Leiutenant of Hungary inwardly envying at Aracricm Vayvod of Tranfylvania at the inftance of one Hod a-, caufed him to be murthered in his Tent, which fo incenled the Tranfylvaniansy that they Arming themfelves to the number of Forty Thouland, under the Leading Maylaty a Valiant Gentleman, and Kinfman to the Vayvody purlued the Murtherer, who fled to Megay which th^Tran- fylvanians belleged, and not without great difliculty took, and in it Aloyfus and Hoda j the former of which they beheaded, and the latter tore in pieces, taking the fpoil of their Goods, which was very great ; for about Aloyfw were found as many pre- cious Hones as were elteemed worth Forty Mil- lions. Solyman thirfling after Glory, and refolving not to let his Soldiers lye idle, refolved to- invade at once both Africkjind Per fa : the charge of thefirft he committed to Barbarufay (who of a poor Fiflier- Boy became a Pirate, and afterward King of Argire, and then travelling to Confiantimyley was imon the recommendation of Achometes the Great Bajfay made one of the Bajfas of Sely mans Comcil.^ Whereup- on he canfed all his Galleys to be in a readinels, ap- pointing the aforelaid Barbarufa Admiral of all his Sea Forces j who had no Iboner taken upon him the Command, but failing out of Hellefpontm with Eighty Galleys, (leaving Amurath with twelve to tranfport Solymans Army in to A fa ,) he fhaped his courfe for Jtalyy when palling the Straights between Italy and Sidly^ , he brought fuch a fear upon the Inhabitants on either fhoar, that they fled with all their fub- ftance further into the Countrey j after which, he The Turk^jl) Hijiory. 1. Q Uyed fiege to Saint LncidiHi^ formerlycalled TempTi which he took, putting molt of the Inhabitants to the Sword, from whence with a rich booty, and many Prifoners, he marched lo^Citrarinm, which he took and burnt, together with Seven Galleys that lay in the Port ^ and fo failing by Naples^ he feized upon Spelunca, from which he marched over Land to Fundif ten miles from Spelmca, on purpofe as was thought to have leized on JnU Gonz^aga-, a Lady of incomparable Beauty, whom he intended to have prefented to Solymw^ but fhe though half naked getting on Horfeback, fled to the Mountains, yet he took the City, and put raoft of the Inhabitants to the Sword ; and fo coalting along /oj/y, and ta- king many Cities, Towns, and Calties, he brought fucha fear upon^uTw^ fonce Miftrefs of the World) that many conjedlured that if he went diredly thi- ther with his Fleet, the Romans viO'Ald have forfa- ken the City \ but then contrary to the expedlation of raoft, he fliaped his Courfe for Africk;, refolving to invade the Kingdom of Tmes^ over which Reig- ned one yi'deajfesy having a little before ftepped in- to the Throne , by treacheroufly cauling to be Murthered all his Brethren, except Rofcetes and Ab~ demekch ^ the former of which having tryed his ut- moft fortune for the recovery of the Kingdom, in right appertaining to him as Elder Brother to Mtt'eaJjfeSf he for his fafety was fled to Conftamino- ple-t which opportunity Solym.m laying hold on, to advantage his Wars in Afric\y kept him as a Pri- foner at large, fo ihztBabamjfa landing, and every where proclaiming the Name of Rofcetes^ whom the Mw/ and Namidiass greatly favoured, hating M«- leajfes fo^ his extraordinary Tyranny *, he had Bi~ fena immediately pat into his poflemon, the Moors thinking^ as indeed the Turh gave it out, that A a 4 Rofcesfs ^’8 " ^Tke Tarkifi Hijlory. Hofcetes was in the Fleet, and that the Tarki had made fo great a Preparation to reftore him to his Fathers Kingdom. ^ Barhamjfa having lecured Biferta with a ftrong Garrifon, doubling the Promontorie where old Car- thage ftood, came to Gnlletta, a ftrong Caftle ftand- ing within the Bay of TaniSf where in token of Friendfhip he faluted it, and had the like retur- ned i but upon the requefting the liirrender there- of, he was anfwered, that it fhould be alwaies at his Command, who ruled the City of Ttmst fo that returning from thence, he came before the Ci- ty, upon which by the perfwafion of fuch as affe- cted Rofcetes-i Videajfes fled with a fmall number of his Favourites, and for hafte left behind him moft of his Treafure, which afterwards became a prey to the Enemy ; Muleafes fled, the people joyfully re- ceived Barbarufa into Tmes, and with eager Eyes, and longing expectations , flockt into the high ftreets to have a fight of their new King, but when they perceived him not, and heard the Soldiers in their Acclamations name none but Solyman and Bar- bar njja, they began to doubt as the truth was that, 4nftead of their new King, whom they fo much de- _red,' thay had received the Turkijh Government, ■r :ich above , all things they utterly abhorred 5 fufpicion once confirmed by feveral of Rofcet's T .ends, whom Barbaruffa had brought with him on pofs to delude the people, who grieved to fee : i mine of their Countrey at hand, for fear of '-•-'■ent danger did not fpare to tell their Friends ' . Acquaintance, that in vain they expeded Rofce- 7ho remained in Bonds at Conftantinofle ^ which ‘V ight fo iudden an alteration in the minds of .... itizens, that perceiving themfelves deceived a.:. J of Jbdahar the Mefuar-t or chief Ma-* giftratc. The Turkifi Hijiory. - ^ ^ giftrate who had before perfwaded Mnleajfes to fly,in hopes of bringing in Rofcetesj they every where run to their Arms, and from all parts of the Cityallai- led the Titrks^ but for the moft part being flightly Armed, and in a. tumultuary diforder they were not able to Hand the fury of the Harqiiebnfers ^ but af* ter a long and obftinate Fight, wherein a great number were killed on both lides, they fubmitted themfelves; of which Mfileafes having notice, fled to Confittmina-, the Regal City of Doraxy a Numi- dian VvincQ his Kinfman, where he remained in fefe- ty till the coming of Charles the Emperor into ^frick^ as will appear in the fequel of this Hiftory. Tanes thus taken, or rather furprized by Barba- rtijfay all the other Cities thereto appertaining, were won with little difficulty, and annexed to the Tarkijh Empire, till they were again fundred by the Germans, and Muleajfes the Exil’d King reftored by the Emperor: And in this pofture, leaving th® Af- fairs of Africk, I lhalltake a view of pro- ceeding againft the Per fans. Hifmael being dead, and Tamas his Son fuccccding him, Ibrahim the Great Ba([a, who could do all with Solyman, perfwaded him that now a fit opportunity offered to be revenged on the Perfans, and the ra- ther by the revolt ofVlemas, a Noble Man of fa, who had Efpoufed King Tama'^s Sifter, who ha- ving Imbefled the Revenues of the Crown, for fear of being called to account for fo doing, was fled to Confantinople : But Solyman'i Mother, and fair Con- cubine Roxolan greatly delirous of his Company, much oppofed the Motion of theB^i/^, layiug before Solyman the danger and inconveniency of fo tedious and dangerous an Expedition , but not being able to prevaX, they ever after became Ibrahim's Mor- tal Enemies, not leaving to urge Solyman, till at laft lo The Turkip Hijlory. laft he gave command that he fliould be mJr- thered. Solyman refolved upon an expedition againft the to revenge, as he pretended, the manifold injuries done to his Grandfather, Father, and him- felf, railed a great Army, part of which he fent be- fore him, under the Command of Ibrahim the Great Bajfay and Vlemu the Fugitive Perfiany who by halty Marches over the MDuhtains, and along the Ranks of Euphrates yth'Sit fetting down before the great City Taumsy and the Citizens defpairing to be relieved by their King, he had the City delivered into his pollefljon, of which King Tames having notice, ha- iled thither with his Army , but e’re he attempt any thing for the recovery thereof, witha great multitude of Soldiers had joyned the Eajfay whereupon he thought it not good to give Battle to lb powerful an Enemy, but to hover about his Camp, and take all advantages, well knowing fuch a World of people could not fublifl:, without ex- ceeding llore of Provifions and other necellaries; which device of the Perfiariy Stlpmm well perceiving, left a ftrong Garriibn in Taarusy and marched againlb him, who Hill retired before the Turksy even to the Walls of Sultania j near to which, Solyman pitch- ing his Camp, lay mtny dayes to expeft him j du- ring which time, fuch a horrible Tempelt arofe, that the Winds driving the Snow off from the lleep Hills, buryed many Thoulands of the Turks alive, overthrowing molt of their Tents, and although it was but the middle of September y froze fo hard, that many were froze to Death, others loft the ufe of their Limbs, and moft of the Camels and Horfes periflied \ which bad Omen, together with their Ap- prehenhons they had of the approach of the Ene- my, and the horrible darknefs of the Night, fo dif- Gouraged -3 II The TnrkiJI) Hijiory, couraged the Soldiers that they would all have fled, had they known which way. This Tempeft they concluded to be raifed by the Perfian Magicians to deftroy them, but whether fo, or not, it greatly dilcouraged Solymam^ fo that railing his Camp, he marched into Jljfyria, and let down before Baiylon now Bagdat, which being altogether unprovided, upon the flight of the Governour, fell into his hands, as likewife did moft of the Cities, both of Jifyria and Mefopotamia •, and fo far extended the terror of his Name •, that molt of the Countreys round about, fent their Embafladors to tender their fubjedion ; and in Babylon he Wintered his Army, placing Go- vcrnours in the adjacent Cities. And a Beglerbeg, as they proudly term him, that is, a Lord of Lords. In Babylon^ and under him, divers Sanz.acks, or pet- ty Lords, during his aboad here, he alfo caufed his chief Treafurer to be executed for Imbefling his Re- venues. Tamas the Perfian King having by this time rai- led a confiderable Army , marched to Tanris^ at whole approach the Garrifon fled j of which Soly- man having notice, and being ftrengthned with new liipply out of Egyph Syria, Judea, and Comagena \ he left Babylon, refolving to provoke the Perfian to Battle, or to lack his regal City Tauris before his face, but Tames knowing himlelf too weak to give him Battle, at his approach drew out his Army, and fled into the Mountains of Hyrcania, deltroying all before him, to prevent its falling into the hands of his Enemies ; upon whofe departure, the Citizens/ opened their Gates to the Turks, whom they were no wayes able to refill: ,yet notwithllanding, at the Commandment of Solyman, the City was fack- ed, the Kings Palace, and other llately Buildings leveUed with the Grounds and a great number of the 12 Tke TurkiJJ) Hijlory, | the Citizens lead into miferable Captivity , and j thinking himfelf fufficiently revenged, he reiblved i to return with his Army into Mefopotamia j but having notice ihat the Ferfian was following, even | at his heels,he divided his Forces, leaving the Bajfai of i Cair and Syria with V'lemus the Fugitive Ferfian-, with | Eighteen Thoufand to follow in the rere of his Army, to repel the affaults of the Fore-runners of Tantas's Array *, he marched with the reft by fpeedy Jour- i neys to Amida, now called Caraemida : In the mean i while Tamas coming to Tauris with his Army, be- ing the flowr of Farthia, Media, Jberia, and Arme- nia ^ and beholding what defolation the Turks had made in that famous City, was fo inraged thereat, that he would have purfued them with all his Army to revenge the injury at the hazard of a Battle, but being perfwaded they were gone too far to be over- taken, and the Gentlemen of which his Army chiefly confifted, feemed altogether unwilling to undertake fo tedious a march, he was content to ftay at Tauris, and lend Delimeuthes., a Noble Man of Ferfia, ( who freely offered himfelf to undertake it ) with Five Thouland fvvift Horfe to follow them and as he law his advantage to cut off the Enemies rear, the which he fo fpeedily performed, that furprizing | the Eighteen Thoufand under the Command of the two Bajfasj and Vlemas-, as they lay fecurely near the Caftle of Belthis, that being affifted with the Garrifon Soldiers, he put them almoft all to the Sword, , the Baffas and Vlemas hardly eftaping up- on their fwift Horfe to tell the news, for which iervice he was highly rewarded by Tamm. Thefe reiterated Ioffes greatly perplexed Solyman, fo that calling to mind the prelages his Mother had made of his evil fuccefs in that expedition ofthathe was wholly lead thereto by the Council Ibrahim, BaJJa, he ! The 7urkjjh Hijlory* 13 1 he therefore conceived fuch a difple«fure againft him, 1 as ended in his deltrudion ; for upon his Arrival to : Conftantinople-, he gave fuch countenance to thofe 1 that brought complaints, againft which before they ^ durft not do •, that at the earneft Requeft of Roxolana-, whole Son 'Eajaz.et the Bajfa hindred from afpiring to the Empire, and rather favouring MHjiapha, So- ly mans Son by another Woman, that he confented to hi-s being made away ; and by realbn he had fworn never to injure his perfon whilft he lived i he caufed for the laving of his Oath, an Eunuch to cut his Throat whilft he llept \ which Jeliiitical Evafion he learned of the or Chief lAaho- metan Prieft, who being confulted on the matter, gave his opinion that Men only are alive, when they Move, Aft, and Enjoy their perfeft Sences: and that lleep depriving them of their reafonable Faculties, rendered them as dead Men. Some there are that report the fall of this great Man, who whilft he ftood high in his Mailers favour, in ef- feft ruled the THr^ipj Empire to be caufed by his too much favouring the Chriftians, who having in his younger years been brought up in that profef- lion, ftill continued a Chriftian in his heart j and that to fpare the Ihedding of Chriftian Blood as much as in him lay : He turned the Emperors For- ces againft the Infidels ; yet, however it happened, his Body with a great weight fixed to it, was call into the S‘ea, and all his Wealth, which was inefti- mable, except a fmall portioa alotted for the main- tenance of his Wife and Children, was fcized to the behoof of Solyman. Tunes as atorefaid being taken by Barbarujfa-, and all the other Cities obliged to fubmit to the Tur- obedience, Charles the Emperor, who was like- wife King of Spain^ not liking fo potent a Neigh- bour, 14 The THrkjJlo Hifiory. hour leavyed great Forces , folicited thereto by Muleaffes the Exil’d King ^ and in revenge of the In- juries fuftained by Barbamffa^ refolved to drive him out of that part of yifrickj when appointing Al~ phonfus^ D'^valus^ General of the Footmen ; he wifh Seven Hundred Sail of great and fmall Ships and Galleys, flood with the African Coaft, when dubling the Promontory of Carthage came to an Anchor l^fore a Caftle, which by reafon of a great Well beneath, is it called by the name of Aquaria-, or the Water Caftle ; whofe unexpeded arrival fb terrified BarbaraJJa-, dreaming of nothing lefs that he was about to have fled with all his Turks ; but then fearing to fall into Solymans dilpleafure, which to do, he knew was certain death ^ upon fe- cond thoughts, though he refolved to make all the defence he was able againft fo powerful an Army as the Emperor lead after him, and thereby get him the name of a valiant Soldier, though he defpaired with the Forces he had to keep either the Cities or Caftlesi whereupon he did what he could to in- courage his men with many vain-glorious-fpeeches \ and into theftrong Caftle of Galena-, Handing upon the bottom of the Bay of Carthage upon a point of Land incompafled almoft round with the Sea, and the great Lake \ he thruft his moft refolute Captains and Janizaries, himfelf remaining in Tunis to exped fiipplyes out of Nimidia •, at what time the Empe- ror having with his great and fiirall ftiot obliged thole that guarded the fhoar to retire : He landed his men, and intrenched them every Nation by themfelves, during which, they had frequent skir- miflies with the Numidian Horlemen, nor were they left molefted by the Garrifbn, who fallyed as often as they law their advantage ; when one dayes fally- ing under the Command of Sa/acian Arch-Pirate, they T/e Turriff) Hijicry. 1 5 they came up to the Mount, near the Caftle, com- manded by Count Sermy^ a man famous both for the Honour of hisHoufe, and great Exploits in War; who not ufing to be fo braved, defcended with the Italiftm under his Command to drive them back by force ; but the E»emy being far fuperiour in num- ber, and the Spamards who were intrenched next him, looking on, and not coming out to fuccour him, he there fighting valiantly, was llain;but the Spaniards^ though they fecretly rejoyced at the overthrow of the Count, who had fo often eclipfed their Glory, fared not better ; for the next day Tcbacckes ano- ther of the Turks Captains lallying out, charged them in their Trenches, killing many of them, and taking what they found therein. Thele Lelies made the General lharply reprove the Captains of their ncgledt of duty, in w atching to prevent the dangerous attempts ot fo politique an Enemy; which lo wrought with the Captains and Soldiers, that to regain their credit, they vowed to Ihun no danger, nor were they inferiour to their prcmile ; iorOtfifer^ Captain of the Tamz.aries fal- lying out againfl the was himfelf flain to- gether with moll of his Men whom the Chriftians purfued, even to the Gate of the CaEle, and had entered with thofe that fled, had not thole that were entered, Ihut out a great number of their Fel- lows to prevent it, who were all llain or taken Prilbners : after which, the Emperor cauled his Batteries to be mounted, whilfl u^nria with the Fleet blocked up the Caftle to the Sea-ward, fo that what from the Ships and the Mounts, the great Oidr ance in manner of an Earthquake fo terribly roared, that their continual thurcerirg made it feem as if the Earth would have rent in funder, and 1 5 The TnrhjJlj HiJiorju and caufed the Sea, which before was calm , to mount, as if it had been inragcd with a Tempeft j the Air likewife became thick, and the Sky was darkned with fmoak, fo that after ten hours incef- fant battery, the Vamures, and Walls of the Caftle were in many places beaten dovm : the Turks Ca- non and Canoneers lying buried together in the Rubbifli, fo that the defendants utterly deipairing longer to hold it, fled over a wooden Bridge layed for that purpofe, who being fiercely purfued by the Chriftians, were mofl: of them flain ; infomuch , that the Surface of the Lake was well’nigh covered with dead bodies. The ftrong Callle thus taken, and mofl: of the Titrks Fleet of Galleys at Anchor in the Lake, yiel- ded to the Conqueror i upon notice of which, Mh' leaffes the Moorifk King came to the Emperors Tent* and humbled himfelf at his Feet, proraifing to be- come his tributary, defiring as his Vaflal to be re- ceived into his protedlion, Iwearing never to forget fo great a Benefit, with many the like exprefllons which fo moved the Emperour, that he promifed to reftore him without any other Tribute, than yearly paying a brace of Falcons, and a brace of BArbary Horfes ^ as likewife to maintain a Thoufand Chriltian Soldiers to keep for him the Caftle of Guletta, and ever after to be kind to all Chriftians either Inhabiting, or that fhould have occafion to pafs through his Countrey, telling him further, that if he failed in any point, thofe Armes that re- ftored him, could again depoie him. Matters thus concluded, the Emperour marched againft where Barbarn(Ja, with the remain- der of his forces were in Garrifon, v/ho upon the approach The TurkiJI) Hijiory, 1 7 approach of the Chriftians, drew out his Forces> confifting for the moft part of Niimidim Horfe- men, butfcarcely endured the firib charge, e’re he betook himfelf to flight, and again entered the City of Tmis^ where in his mad mood, he determined to kill all the Chriftian Prifoners \ and had put his bloody intent into pradile, had he not been diflWa- ded therefrom by Sinan a Jew, one of his chief Cap- tains, which turned to his great difadvantage ^ for the Captives, to the number of Six Thoufand, hear- ing in what danger they were in, burlt out of the Dungeons in the Caltle where they lay in Irons, and killing fuch Turks as they found therein, barracaded the doors, feizing on fuch Armour as came firft to hand, made figns to the Emperor, from the Battle- ments, that they kept the Caltle to his behoof ; which Barbamjjd perceiving, and that all his in- treaties for the rendition of it was in vain : he in a great rage abandoned the City with fuch of his < followers as would attend him, and fled by Sea in Fourteen Galleys to the City of Bom. The Turks having deferred Tunis j the Magi- ftrates came forth with the Keyes to meet the Emperor, who without any refiftance entered the City, which he laboured to fave from the fpoil, but fuch was the fury of the Soldiers, that they could not be reftrained neither by the Emperor, nor Fafiiui the General, but feizing upon all they found, killed fucli of the Moors as relilled them ; fo that in a fliort time all was in a confufion, and great riches carryed to the Ships and Galleys, to- gether with many Captives ; moll of which the Emperor caufed to be reftored, and the reft were redeemed bv Muleaffes. Barb.-irujjlt not thinking himfelf lafe at Hippon^i^ upon the coming of Anna v,dth the Fleet, lied to P. b l8 The THrkiJfj Hijlory. jirgier^ of Which the Emperor having notice, he placing '^uleajfes in the Kingdom of THnejfes^ and fhrnifhing Culetta with all , manner of Warlike Provifion, with a Thouland Spaniards to fecure it, returned inlriumph to Naples^ Anno 1537 ; when the fame year Sclyman envying at the Fmagals trade in the £ »Ji~Indies, lent Selyman BaHa, accompanied with Afan Beg^ 3. famous Pirate, commonly called the Moor of Alexandria ^ with a Fleet to moleft them, who failing through the Red-Sea, came as far as the River Jndm, where with all their power they aflaulted Dium a CalHe of the Fertagals^ fci- tuate upon the mouth of that great River ; but af- ter many dayes liege, both by Sea and Land having tryed their utmoll force, they were glad to retire, leaving behind them for haft moft, of their great Ordnance : when coming to Aden, a rich City in Arabia Fcelix, they allured the King thereof on board their Galleys, with proraife of fafe conduct, but having him in their power contrary to their Oaths, they hanged him up at the Yards Arm of the Admirals Galley, and plundered the City ^ the like they did to another City in the fame Trad cal- led Zibithj and returned to Confiantinople y one by Sea, and the other by Land •, at what time Solyman folicited thereto by John Forrefl the French Kings Ambalfador, was preparing for the Invafion of Italy, and having for that purpole railed Two Hun- dred ThoufandMen, fending before him LMz.is Baf- fa, and Barbarnffa, with a great Fleet, who landing at Otranto, and conduded by one Troilns Pignatellus, a Fugitive Italian, feized on Caft-Hm, which contra^ ry to their Faith given, they plundered •, carrying moft of the people Prifoners, at what Solyman • had by night fent over feveral Troops of Light- Horfenien in great Va'endars, who running all along the The Tnrl{iJJ) Hijiory. the Sea Coaftfrom Tarentum to BrHndu{inm-) for the fpace of Forty miles, rummaged the Countrey, car- rying away a great booty , and had been likely enough, had Solyman^ as he intended, feconded them with his great power to have overrun all Italy ; but providence fo ordered it, that by the wilfulnefs ot Alexander Com arenas zf^eneti an Captain, who meet- ing with the Admiral of CalltpoUsy and he not vail- ing his top-fail, nor in token of Reverence and Friendlhip difcharge his great Ordnance, offended with his proud infolency, fiercely affailed the Si^aa- dron of Galleys under his command, of which he funk two, the Admiral himfelf pcrilhing in one of them, and not long after, for the like infolency, the V ?netian Admiral caufed Junnsbeas , Solymms chief Interpreter, pafling by Corcyra to be affailed, when to fave himfelf and his he forceing his Galleys on Ihoar near unto the Mountains , called Acroceraunii^ he fell into a worfe danger, for being taken by the Mountainiers, moft: of his people were flain, and himfelf hardly releafed for a great fum of money. Thefe Breaches of Peace, as the Turks termed them, fo much incenfcd Solyman, that he recalled his Forces then in Puglia^ refolving to turn his whole power upon the Fenetians^ upon whole re- turn Auria falling in with Twelve Galleys ladea with Janizaries, andchofen Horfemen of the Court after a fharp conflict to them all, which proved a great weakning to the Tyrants Fleet, yet he defpe- rately bent againft the Trnetians, refolving to take from them the rich Ifland of Corcyra-, but by the way himfelf had like to have been flain in his Tent by a Mountainier, v/hich had been effeclied, had not been difcovered by the cracking of a bougjj j to revenge which, he fent his janizaries, and otlfdj' E b i his 20 The TM'hiJl) Hijlory, his approved Soldiers, who hunting the people in- habiting the high and rough Mountains of Chimera^ like wild Bealls killed many of them, and returned with Inch fpoil, as they found, after which, he with a great Fleet landed on the llle oiCorcyrc^ now cal- led Corfn^ (for fear of whom, the Fenetian Admiral withdrew with his Galleys into the Gulf, there to exped the other part of his Fleet) yet ha- ving a long while battered the chief City, in vain he contenting himfelf with the fpoil of the Villages, and Sixteen Thoufand Chrillian Prifoners departed \ and in his return landing on the llle of Naxos^ fum- moned the City, which not being furnilhed to op- pole fo powerful an Army, confented to pay the Tyrant Five thoufand Duckates a year Tribute, and to hold the Seigniorie of him., whereupon, with- out doing further harm, he departed to Conflamim^ plc] at whofe return Ltitzis Balia was acculedbyhis Wile, Solymam Siitcr Sodomy, and for that Ihe ha- r ving in private reproved him thereof, he had llruck her a box on the Ear, and confined her as a Prifoner to her Chamber ^ which complaint fo in- cenfed Solymnn, who for his Sillers fake had raifed him from a low Degree, to the highell Honour next himlelf, that hebanilhed him into Macedenia, where he fpent the remainder of his dayesina pocr and private life. Though Solyman was returned to Coiifiamimple, yet his Wars with the F metUns ended not, for he fent llridt command to his Governours and Lieute- nants bordering upon their frontiers, to vex them them with all manner Hollilities^ who were not wanting to fatisfie him therein, nor the Fenetiam on their part to revenge the injuries ^ but the fierce- nels of the Turks were fomewhat reftrained by a W'ar undertaken by King Ferdinand againll them, to The TurhiJIo Hijiory, 2 I to revenge former injaries, who railing a great po- wer of gallant Soldiers of divers Nations, fent them under the leading of Caz.7^iuner-^ by whofe Cowar- dize in leading them through Woods, and by-wayes, many of them perilhed for hanger ^ others to avoid that calamity, dcferted him, and in fine, the Gene- ral' forlaking his Army (for which he was after- ward executed) It was overthrown near Exek^, and all the Soldiers either flain, or taken Piildners. The news of this great overthrow much trou- bled the Chriftian Princes to repair; which difi- grace the Emperor, the and the Popefet out a great Fleet of Galleys, which meeting at Cony^ ra, the Admirals confulted what was belt to be done, when upon notice that lay with the Tark^j Galleys in the Bay of Ambracia-, they refol- ved to fail thither, where having a while braved him, the bold Tm\ incited thereto by one of So'y- mans Eunuchs, came forth to give them battle, which Auria perceiving contrary to the minds of the Captains, flood away to Corcyra-, in the rear of whom the fall, took feveral of the ftragling Galleys: This retreat, or rather flight, much eclip- led the fame of Auria, who before was accounted a ikeondi Neftune but being flill followed by Barba- ruffa, he returned into Italy, to the great dillikc of the renetiatis, without effefling any thing worthy of memory ; which gave the proud Turli opportu nity to make great fpoil on the Sea Coait, and on the Iflands of the Sea, yet held by the I^cnctians, and to recover Caflrnnovum-, a little before taken by the Chriftians, though not without infinite [laugh- ter on either fide ; it being for a long time manfully defended by Sarmsntus a Valiant Spaatjh Captain , who amongH heaps of flain expired in the bed of Honour. Things B b 3. 22 The TurkiJfj HiJtorj. Things being at this pals, the Emperor made a peace with the French King, both which Potentates folicited the V metUns by their Embafladors to con- tinue the War againft Solyman , but they weary thereof, as lying moft obnoxious to his fury, could not be perfwaded thereto, but laboured to procure a peace, which with much difficulty they obtained. In confideration whereof they yield unto him Naa- plium and Efidaurm^ two Cities of Peloponefm^ to- gether with Nadium and Lahrania-, two Caftles of Balmatiay which happened by reafon the fecrets of their Embafley was beforehand difcovered to Soly- man by fe-veral treacherous Venetians^ bribed by him for that purpofe-, fome of which being after- ward taken, were worthily executed at the fame time i a fecret confideration between John King of Hangd'y-, and FerdinandK\Y^^o^ Bohemia (including that upon the deceafe of the former, the latter fhould enjoy his Kingdom) was difcovered to Soly~ many which grievoufly incenfed him againft the Hun- garian King, whom by his Armes he had reftored to his Kingdom to appeaf^ which he was content to marry Jfabella-, Daughter to Sigifmwjd^ King of Poloniay by whom he had Iffiie a Son, who after his Fathers Death was crowned King of Hungary., and taken into Solymms proteftion, by that means berea- ving KiugFerdinand of his hope of a peaceable pof- leffion •, whereupon after having requefted it by his Embafladors of Solyman, and defpairing that way to obtain it, he with a great Army entered the King- dom, and feized upon Ficegrade., Pejlh., F'acia., and Jiv-a Regalis : To oppofe which fudden Tempeft e’rc it had fwept away all her Cities ^ the Qiieen fent her Embaifadors to Solyman to crave Aid againft King Ferdinand, whereupon he not only fent the youn^ King her Son feveral Rich Prdents, but his Letters The Tmkijl) HiJlorj. 23 Letters Mandatory to his Lieutenants on the Fron- tiers, with all their Forces to alTift her, threatning that if by their negleft Ihe received any dammage, their heads Ihould make fatisfadtion ; and withal, caufed Lafcus-, King Ferdinands Embaflador at that time redding at Conjiantinople to be imprifoned. This news was joyful to the Qiieen, whereupon Ihe drawing together all her Forces, joyned them with thole Mahometes, and Vstref-, two of Solymans Balias had brought into the field, and immediately layed liege to f^acia which they took, and to pre* vent its again falling into the hands of the Bohe~ ntians-i fet it on fire i Facia thus layed wahe, they removed to Pejlh^ to which they layed ftraight liege, but after many unfuccefsful attempts to carry it by llorm, raifed their Camp, and returned over Dana- bins, upon which King Ferdinand lent a great Army under the Leading of the Lord William Regendorff"-, who entring the Kingdom, layed liege to Bada-, and fent Meflengers to fummon the Qiieen to furren- der the City to his Mailer, and that in lieu there- of, and of the other Cities , Hie Ihould have be- llowed on her freely the Seignory of Sepiifia, to which George j Billiopof Feradiitm^ who altogether governed the Queen, anfvvered that Ihe fiiould accept no fuch proffer , and with many opprobrious words difmilTed the MelTengers, whereupon Regendorjf ha- ving mounted his Canon, furioufly battered the Ci- ty, making feveral wide breaches, but they were lb notably defended, that t\\QGer/nans nor S^niards could not enter, which they perceiving, lo dealt with one Bornemijfa a great man in the City, that he promiled to deliver them a Gate in the night to enter by, which accordingly he performed, but ha- ving agreed that none but Flnngarians Ihould enter, the better to prevent theeffufion of blood *, and Re- B b 4 genJoiff 24 TiirkiJI) Hijlory. contrary to that agreement, fending in Gtr- mam under the Leading of their Captains, to be more fure of the City, the Traitor repenting of what he had undertaken, refufed to lead them to the Market place, and they ftill remaining in the narrow ftreets, and not knowing which way to go, a fufficient number could not enter e’re the Alarum was taken, upon which the Citizens, and Garrifon Souldiers running to their Armes, allaulted them on every fide, who being in a ftrange place, and their fear augmented by the terror of the night, fled back fafter than they advanced. Spring being come, %olyman fent a great Army un- der the Leading of Mahometes Bafla, to the Afliftance of the Queen •, which pafliRg, the Dambim intren- ched within half a mile of the Bohemians j Germans^ and Italians-, under the command of the Lord Regen- dorff’-, and dayly with skirmiflies perplexed him, ha- ving likewife fortified an Ifland lying in the River, called Ceppelia, as the General of the Chriftians had done another oppofite to his Camp, between which pafled likewife many skirmilhes, but at length the Turks pouring a great number of their men on Ihoar in the Ifland held by the Chriftians, caufed them to leave the Fortifications, and flie over the Bridge layed to pafs, and repafs to the Camp, but by the valour of the Ger man So\dkrs,2.\\ was quick- ly regained, and the City furioufly affaulted, though v^ithontfuccefs, for that a great number of the be- fieged continually kept fuch breaches as the Canon had made, and the Befiegers, by reafon of the iiearneis of the Turlq Army, durft not go to the aJault in fiich number as otherwife they might have doiie, yet they had fo battered the Walls, that they . rpairednot to win it inaftiort time; but in the ■ight of their Expectation, news came, that Soly- man The Turhjjf} Hijlory. 25 ntAn with a great power, was near at hand to joyn the Bafla already incamped , which infufed fuch a fear into the Chriftians that the Soldiers whether their General would or no, relblvcdto raife the Seige and pafs the Damihim. So that he was conftrain- ed to accord to the refolves, and in the dead of the night raifed the Siege, but not fo fecretly but the Turks had notice fent them of what had happened, by thofe in the City * Whereupon burlling out of their Camp, and the Citizens at the fame time fal- lying by the light of a Hack of llraw, and purfued them with great daughter \ inlbmuch that mofl; part of the Army was either drowned in the hafty paf- fage, or fell by the Sword, not above a third part of them elcaping to Comora. So that a great booty by that means fell into the hands of the Turks. Upon this defeat Pefih being defected of her Gar- rifon, was taken without reOftance by C notiiing daunted the Souldiers, who returned for anf.ver, that they repofed their la.ft hope m Uicir 52 The TttrljJI) Hijlory. and were not to be won by gifts, nor terrified with threats, upon notice of which their ftout refoluti- on he commanded his Cannon already mounted to play from feveral Batteries, the which was put in Execution with fuch fury, that the Walls were bea- ten down in federal places, at which breaches the Turks in great number attempting to enter were bea- ten back three times fucceffively, with great lofs and ilaughter, andamongft the flain fell B/iltaces ba»z.ack^ of Sclymbria, a man of great account amongft the Tnrl^sy but in the end the weaknels of the City being difeovered to the, enemy , by a fugitive Calabrian, the two aforefaid Governours consulting for their own fafety, intended fecretly to leave the City, and carry with them all their Riches ^ but their purpoie being difeovered to the Captains and Soldiers, they propofed a parly, perfwading the defendants that the City was not to be held againft fo powerful an Enemy ; upon which the City was yielded, and the Garrifon fuch as would marched to Pcjfonmm where thetw'o cowardly Governours (who notwithftanding the promife of fafe condudt had been robbed by the Turks ) were by Count Salme committed to fafe cufto- ' dy, to anfwer for their cowardly yielding up the ' City. Strigonium being thus obtained on the loth. of Anno 1 543. and the Chriftian Churches con- verted to the fuperflition, he marched to- w'ards Alba regnlvs, taking in his way the Caftle of antiently called Theodota, wdiich he utterly ra- t fed ^ after which coming before A!ba regalis, a City famous for the Coronation of the Hungarian kings, Icituatc in a iMarflt, and incompafled with a Lake : I He caufed the faid Lake with infinite labour to befil- ied up and then after many terrible Affaults, in which lolt zoccoof his men, took the Suburbs, putting aU The Tnrhijf} Hijlory, 35 all he found therein to the fword, and afterward had the ’City delivered into his polTeffion, where en- tering, he contrary to his faith plighted, he caufed the moll wealthy Citizens to be Hain ^ after which, leaving Ballabanm Governour thereof, and placing Governours in other places by him fiibdued j in this Expedition he returned to Conftantimple. By this time Barbarnjfa and PoUnits were arrived at Marfelles ^ where having refrefhed themfelves, they departed to Frovtnce-t where they laid liege to Ntccy a City belonging to the Emperour, which af- ter a long liege they took, but the Caftle being de- fended withaftrongGarrifon, they in vain aflaulted it, which fo enraged Barbarnjfa^ that he threatened to imprifon PoUrms for not performing his promife made at ConJidfjti^ople to hrni[h his Army with all ne- Cellaries, when as he laid Powder and fhot were want- ing even in the Country of which divilion be- tween the French and the Turks was ended, by the railing the feige,upon notice that ^Iphonfus Vaftus the Emperors General was coming out of Italy with a great Army, when as the French Forces retiring, Bar- baru^a fent moftpart of his Fleet to Argeir^ with a command to return early the next Ipring to Marfelles. The great preparations of Barbarujfa to aid the French King gave Muleajfes lulpition that they were intended againft him •, whereupon leaving the man- agement of the Affaires of his kingdom of Tunes in the hand of his trufty Counfellors, as he fuppofed, and the management of his men of w^ar, his fon Kmida-f he went to Naples to wait upon Charles the Emperor, and of him to crave aid , when in the mean time by the perfwalionof fuch as hated Mule- njfes his fon ufurped his kingdom, who upon no- tice thereof returning with fuch Forces as he could gather in haly-^ w'as overthrown, taken prifoner, C c and The TMrh,iJh Hijiary. and by his unnatural Son deprived of his light, deal- ing to him therein the fame meafure that he had dealt. Yet the unnatural Sen elcaped not altoge- ther fcotfree, for Tovarres Govtvnoxxx of Gullet ior the Emperour, fending for Abdamdech brother to Muleaffest of whom I have before fpoken, he in the abfence of Amida furprized the City and Caftle of Tunisy but injoyed no more then 25 dayes e’re he died when leaving his Son Mahometes Child his Succellbr, he was fcon thruft out and Amida reflo- red, whereupon Maleajfes fled firfl; to Guletta, and afterward into Sicily where at the Emperours com- mand he was maintained at the common charge of the Jjlaaders. The French King being by this time weary of his new come Guelt, the Turks having firlt largely re- warded them fent them away, who in their return fpoil’d the Ifland of Elba belonging to the Duke of FlorencBy upon the Governours refiifing to deliver the Son of Sman the Jew, held Prifoner there, lince his being taken at Tunisy and after that committed many outrages upon the Coaft of Italy -y burning ma- ny Towns, and carrying away the people intomi- ferable Captivity, but he long enjoyed not his Triumph ere himlelf was by death lead into Capti- vity, 'Viz., anno 1547. In which year died Sdlymans Eldefl; Son, Frances the French King, and Alphonpis-Daualus'y'altius the Emperours renowT.ed General. Solyman having now not made any perfonal Expe- dition for the fpace of three years refolved to in- vade the /Yr/Ihw King, being folkited thereto hyErca- fes ImirzaKing of Szrnany and that Kings Brother, but after great toil to- little or no purpefe for the fpace of I year and 9 Months, he returned with his Army to ConJ}a-.ti?wp!eyJ;;nrz,a in the mean while being delivered The Turkijh Hijlory, 55 delivered to his brother Tamas thp Perftan King by Treachery was put to death, during which TranC- adion one DagM a notable Pirate, having taken jifricaz City mTHnis^ formerly called Aprodife-, he greatly troubled the Moors by Land and the Chrifti- ans by Sea, when to remove fo troublefome a man, the Knights of Malta palled over with a conliderablc power, and after a furious alTault polTefled them- lelves of the laid City, the which by reafon it was not tenable without excelTive charge they razed, carrying away a rich booty , and 7000 Captives, whereupon the Pirate fled to Conflantimple^ craving aid of Solyman, who lent with him Sinan the Jew made Admiral in the Head of Barbarojfa , with a great Fleet ; who in revenge of what had happened to ^frica^ landed on the Ifland of Malta^ and at- tempted ("though in vain) the winning that ilrong City. Yet failing into ^frick^, they after great llaughter of their men took TripoUs in Barbary-, at that time polTelfed by certain of the Knights, for which Sinan Baffa having as it were Triumphed, 'left Governour thereof, by the Title of San- fai\ returned to Conftantimple. Anno 1551. Solyman notwithftanding the five years peace made with King Ferdinand, fent Ach- metes his Lieutenant in Europe-, to invade leveral Towns in Hungary , who upon his Arrival took Temefwar and Zolnock^ which Queen perceiv- ing, and that the Turk contrary to his Faith plight- ed, daily incroach upon her Territories, whofe power ftie was not in a capacity to repel by force, flie agreed with King Ferdinand to relign her and her Sons Title to the Kingdom of Hungary in conildcra- tion of Cajfovia, and a yearly penfion of loooco Ducats. After which the King recovered inoii part of the Kingdom from the Tmks, and for the better C c 2 9 6 The Tiirkjfi Hijiory. keeping thereot as fome fay caufed George Bifhop of Veradiiimy a great favorite of Solymans though by Birth a Hungarian to be murthered, in his own Houfe. Upon which the Bafla of Buda drawing to- gether what Forces be could Befieged hgria^ but after the lofs of many of his beft Souldiers he gave over the fiege. Henry fiicceeding his Brother Francis m the King- dom of and delirous toinoleft: the Emperor, lent the Lord Avonwm to incite Solyman^ to wait the Coall of Italy ^ whereupon he fending a great Fleet in the Tyrrenan and Tujcan Seas, waited the Coalt of Calabria-i S cilia-, Majorca, Sardinia, Elba, Corfica and Cerbe , the Frontiers of the Emperours Dominions, and the fame year, viz., anno 1554. Sc- lyman incited thereto by Roxolana, once his Slave and Concubine, but now his imperious Wife, and by the Treacherous infinuation of Eaffa, who had Married Chanieria her Daughter by Solyman, cauled his Son Mafiapha the chief hope of the Otho~ man Family, begot on a Scyrcaffian Woman to be, ftrangled in his Pavilion, without filtering him to clear himfelf of what had been filfly laid to his charge during hisabfence, the which barbarous cru- elty when Tz.iha?iger, Roxol.'tnas Son by Solyman, whom Ihe pur poled toraifeto the Empire after his deceale, and for that purpofe had procured the death of Muftapha, came to know he had detelhed his Fa- thers cruelty, with his Dagger killed himlelf, and '' fell down dead upon his Brothers dead body nor wzsSoly/nan in fafety when the matter came to be once known, for the inraged Souldiers with their drawn Swords ( after they had killed a great number of thole that came thither to fetch the Riches in Mnfiaphaes Tent) Crune to his Pavilion Threatninghim with prefent Death, and after ma- ny The Tin hip Hpcry. 57 ny reproaches were hardly appeafed, fwearing at th eir departure it the Accufers of Muftcph^i were not brought to' light they would neverthelefs kill him, when to fatisfie them in their demands, he depriv- ed Rnflan Bafla of all his Honours, taking from him the feal whereof he had the keeping, and delivered it to hchoiniitcs Balia , and Rnfiau commanded to leave the Camp upon pain of Death, but not long •after by the means of his Mother-In-Law, who had by the means of a Jew, bewitched with her charms he was again reftored, and to make way for him Achomates who had ftept up into his places of Honour by Solymim\ command, in the Dlvmno caufe- lefly was ftrangled. Whileft thele things were do- ing Haly BalTa having for a long time belicged Zi- geth-, defended by Marcus Hormrth-, a valiant Cap- tain was beaten off, by Polviller and Serlnens two of King Ferdmandoes Captains with the lofs of half of his Army. Nor fared the Turks better at Sea, for Gnife Lord Prior of the Knights of St. John in France^ took lix Ships and Gallies richly laden, and now God intending to punilh the Tyrant for fp many Murthers fuffered his Son Bajaz,et gotten up- on Roxalanuy to rile up againll him Arms under pre- tence of fupplanting his Brother SelymnSf all the re- mainder of the aforefaid wicked ftock , who by letting up a counterfeit Muftapha fand pretending he that vyas killed was no other, but one much re- lembling the true Mufiapha-, fent for great rewards to try his Fathers fury) drew after him a World of people being fecretly encouraged thereto by his mo- ther, who preferred him before his Elder Brother whom Solymau would have his Succeflbr, and fuch was her power with Sdym.vt^ that after the Plot was dlfcovered the counterfeit taken and executed, (he made Bajaz.ets peace and reftored to favour as G c 3 much 38 The Turnip Hiporj. much as ever ^ yet fuch was the fiery nature of thOk head ftrong youth, that knowing his Life was dat- ed with his Fathers, if his Brother fucceeded him he again took up Arms, being generally favoured of the Soldiers, againft whom Selymm was lent with a great Army, between whom was fought a dreadful Battle, in which 300 Turks were llain, andBajaz-et put to the worfl, who after much adverfe fortune flying to the F erf an King, was by the procurement of Solyman contrary to Faith g iven by the Perfanj he together with his four Sons was murthered- ylmo 1558 Charles the Fifths and warlike Empe- rour of G ermanyy flricken in years, and worn out with the toils of tedious War, religned the Empire to his Brother Ferdinand j having before put hisfbn Philipin pofleflion of all Hereditary Kingdoms, and then retiring lead a private Life, and fhortly after changed it for Life Eternal ; after he had with great reverence and integrity Reigned 39 years, after whole death at the earneft requefl: of the Knights of Malta-, the Chriftian Princes fet out a Fleet for the recovery of Tripolts in Barbary t when coming to the Ifland of Zerbi belonging to the Turks they fpoiled it, and after a finall battery to the Caftle in which the Iflanders put their cheif hope, but this Expedition proved unfortunate to the Chriftians : for Pial Bafla Selymans Admiral, com- ing upon them with a great Fleet, fuddainly fur- prized many of the Ships and. Gallies out of order, and unable to make refiftance, took them and put moll of thofe he found therein to the Sword, and filch as could fiand off to Sea fled, leaving Don AU njanis Pc Sandee a valiant Gentleman of great Spirit^ rmr! long Experience, General of the Chriftian Forces on Ihoar, who together with fuch as were iled from the Fleet entered the Caftle, which was moft The Turkijf} HiJiorj, 3^ molt: refolutely defended till fuch time as hunger and thirft compell him tofurrender, not lefs then 18000 Chriftians by one means or other being loft, from the letting out of the Fleet to the time the Caftle was delivered to the Turks, the which by the Balia being ftrongly Garrifoned , he with the Chriftian Captives there taken returned in Triumph to G)«- flaminople-, and long was ere the Spanish and Italian Nobility there taken could be ranfomed ^ and to make up this unluckly year, 1560. on the 25th. day of November-^ ^uria thegreat Sea Captain died being 94 years old, to the great Rejoycing of the Turkilh Pirates whole terror he had been lor more then Thirty years , nor was the following year fortunate, for King FhiUp of Spain fending out his Fleet under Mendoz.a\\\s Admiral, Five and Twen- ty Ships and Gallies by ftrels of Weather were bro- ken on the Coaft of Sicily^ on one of which the Ad- miral perilhed, little or nothing being faved in that difmal and unexpected Calamity. Anno 1552. The Emperour FerdinandFoHboMrQiX with the Electoral Princes, that he procured his fon yiaximillian then King of Bohemia-, a Prince of great hope to be chofenK. of the Romans,\vho likewife the year following, on the 8th. of September with all fo- iemnity Crowned at Pm King of Hangaria-, to confirm which choice Solyman lent Ibrahim Balia as his Ambaflador, to the Emperonr, as likewife to conclude in his name an eight years peace, and the better to gain credit, he fent his Letters of credence not ufually done by the Turkilh Emperors, whole proud ftile therein , I think not amifs to infsrt which take as followeth. I the Lord of Lords-, Ruler of the Eaji and ^Vefi-, who am of power to do and not to do whatfoever pleafeth mcy Lord af all Grecia, Perfia, and Arabia, Comman- C C 4 dcr ijo The TurkiJI) Hijlory. der of all things which can be fahjecl to King andCommand-, the great worthy of thefe times y and ftrong Champion of the wide Worlds Lord of all the white and black Seasj and of the Holy City of Mecha, fining with the bright-- nefs of God-, of the Medina, and of the Holy and Chafi City of Jeruialem, King of the moji noble King- dom of Egypt, Lord rd 1 46 The Turkiflj Hijlory. terward built, together with a Colledge andHolpi- tal, ereding over him a ftately Tomb, near unto which is at this day to be leen the Magnificent Tomb ; of his beloved wife Roxolana-, mother to Selimus, and I of certain of his Mur thered children. By him hangs . his Scimiter, in token that he dyed in war, an ho- i nour not otherwife granted to the Mahometan Prin- ces. The Revenues arifing of the Countrey about Sigeth.) won from the Chriftians^a little before his death, were given to maintain the houles by him built for devotion, which for Magnificence exceed all others Ereded by the Mahometan Kings and Empe- rors, except thofe of Mahomet the Great, and Ba~ jaz.ct the Second. It was by many thought that So- liman in good time taken out of the way, for that he refolving to winter in Hungary xhz XityX Spring purpofed with himfelf to have over-run Au- \ firia^ and a great part of Germany. Anno I ^67, Solyman being dead great trouble arofe ■ notwithftanding in Hungary., occalioned by John the Vayvod of Tra’nflvania , who ufed his utmoft i endeavour to difpofiefs Maximilian the Emperor of thofe Cities and FortreiTeshe heldinthat Kingdom, but they were foon after appealed by a peace con- ducted between the two Emperors, Maximilian and Sehmus. T he principal points on which the peace depended being thefe. That the Emperor ' fhould yearly pay 30000 Ducates to asaTri- ; bute for Hungary, the Tribute to begin upon the | conclulionof the Articles of Peace. That the Sub* jeds of the Turks Ihould pay nothing to the Sub- jedsof the Emperor, nor on the otheiTide the fnb- jeds of the Emperor pay nothing to the Subjeds of the Turks, but to remain both of them exempted from payment of Tax, Duty or Contribution, and that either Prince Ihould inviolably nold what he was The Turkijh Hijiory, 47 was inpoHeflion of at the conclufion of the Treaty, which peace was confirmed for the fpacc of 8 years 5 in which was included the V' nyvod of Tranfilvama., as the Tributary. This peace was concluded 1568, as was likwile the year following a peace con- cluded between Selymns and Tamas the Perfian King ; after which the Twr^defirous to undertake feme great exploit, that might get him a name, ai d out oi the Revenues of which he might build him a Temple ex- ceeding any of his Predeceflbrs, which thefe fuperlli- tious people hold to be for the good of their fouls*, he plotted in his mind many things, but at length being by his milch ievous Counfellors, of whom he wanted not, he was urged to the conquefl; of the rich Ifland of Cyprus, lying in the CtctUan Sea, and hath on the Weft Pamphilia, on the Eaft Stria, on the South E^ypt,2nd on the North Cilicia, now called Carama- nia. This Ifland at fuch time as Sel^mus was intent, on the conquefl: thereof, was in the polTeflion of the V metians,y^ilh. whom he had contracted a League fince the death of Solyman -, but in vain are Leagues with Infidels any longer then they ferve their own turns, yet Muhamates the Great Bajfa laboured all he could to dilTwade him therefrom ^ and Marcus Antonins P>ar- bants the V' rnetian Ambaflador then reliding at Conftan- tinople lb wrought that he procured the ialcivious Tnrl^ to fend Cubates as his Ambaflador to the Senate of Fenice, with a letter to certifie them upon what grounds he undertook to invade their Territory fince the League had till that time been kept invi- olable, which was done more to gain time, then for any hope he had that Selymis would alter his deter- mination j which Ambaflador not obtaining what Selymus defired, which was to have the fertil Ifland peaceably put into his poirelTion, but on the contra- ry finding tlieTfWft/^//; refolved to defend it with all their The Turhjfi Hijlory. their power he returned again to his faithlefs Mailer, and related what he had in charge ; whereupon the Great Fleet before prepared for the invafion of Cy~ prus, put to Sea, Mujiapha BaJJ'a being General of all the Forces, and within a while flood with the faid Ifland, where the greedy Turks landing, fpoiled ma- ny goodly Villages , and after fome deliberation having by prifoners taken, underflood the conflitu- tion of the Countrey, and of what flrength the ; Iflanders were, refolved to befiege Nicojiay a City Handing in the midfl of the Ifland, in a plain and ; Champain ground, being in circuit about five miles, , incompalTed with a llrong wall, defended by eleven i flrong Bulwarks, and three great Fortrefles, railed • by the T ^netiansy the Governour of which was Ni~ caUus DnndaUiSy a man too weak for fo great a bur- then, as having been alwayes brought up in civil af- j •fairs; in Garifon were 8coo horfe and foot, but ' moll of them raw foldiers, and not acquainted with Martial difcipiine, too few tooppofe fo powerful an Army as the Bafla drew after him, which confifled of near 150000 horfe and foot. On the 22 of July Anno 1559 the Bafla with his Army Encamped within a male and half of the City, covering with their Tents the hill called and with incredible labour bringing their Trenches from far, call up feveral Forts which they railed fo high, that they overlooked the walls of the City, and from their Mounts terribly battered the walls with leventy pieces of great Artillery, whofe dreadful thundring made the earth to tremble, and having by this time run their Trenches to the brim of the ditch, hotly affaulted the City in leveral places, . which was as valiantly defended by the belieged, infomuch that the ditches were well nigh filled on that lide with the bodies of the llain, and what was beaten The Turljj]} hhjlor}. 49 beaten down in the day time was with great labour repaired in the night. During thefe pailages the Nenetians having leagued with the Pope, King of S'pain^ and feveral of the JtalianVr'mQtSt prepared their fleet, confining in all of one hundred and feventeen lail ^ but whiles they lingered for the Additional Forces of the King of the plague fo raged amongfl: the Marriners and Souldiers, that twenty thoufand dyed e’rits fury was abated, and amonglf them many men ofaccount, but it cealing, and the flimmer half fpent, the Vewe- Admiral no longer expeding the coming of the Spaniards , failed to Corcyra , and there calling a Council, it was refolved they Ihould pafs over to Cy^ras and deftroy the Turks fleet ^ but in the height of this expedition dyed Petrus Loridamts Duke of Nenice-, Leaving the care of the war to Aloyfus Mo~ cenkm-, who fucceeded him in the Dukedom. advertized of the approach of theChri* Ilian fleet, ufed his utmofl; endeavour to carry the City by afliiult, but being valiantly repulled, hecauf- ed leveral letters to be Ihot over the wallsfallened to Tiirkift Arrows, therein perfwading the Citizens to open their gates, and receive him their Mild and Merciful Conqueror, and that info doing they fhoulcl 4eliver themfelves from the miieriesthat attended on befieged Cities but thefe fairpromifes nothing pre- vailing, he incouraged his foldiers to a frelh Aflault, in attempting which he loft 4000 of his men, and was forced to found the retreat j but in the many confiifts the Chriftians being wafted either by death, licknefs, or wounds, expeding fuccours from the Princes of the Weft, and none coming to their aid, wearyed with continual watching, the Turks in the dead of the night fecretlyentred a Bulwark the day D d before 50 Tie TurkiJJ) Hijlory, befor-e fore battered by the Ordnance front the mount, and putting the droufie Italians and Epims, they found therein to the fvvord,e’r the Allarm could be taken ; let in fuch a number of their fellows, that the belieged were not able to repell them, but with the continual VoUies of (hot, were on all Tides over- whelmed, which EmeniHs a valiant Captain per- ceiving, and as a man defperate , endeavouring to retain his flying Soldiers, in thickefl danger, was llain by a Harquibus fliot \ and now the TurksY\k& a Torrent flowing in at all the Ports, made fuch dellru- dion that it was lamentable to behold, fparing in their fury neither man woman nor child ^ whereupon the Soldiers and many of the Citizens, calling them- felvcs in a Ring in the Market-place, with their wea- pons in their hands, as men defperate, refolved to dye fighting, againll whom the Governour of Alep- po caufed feveral Murthering Pieces to be bent, which they perceiving, and finding they Ihould be killed at a dillance, without having power to revenge them- felves on their Enemy, caftdown their weapons, and yeilded themfelves to the mercy of the Enemy, and were thereupon for a while fpared \ but the Gates being Erongly guarded, that none Ihould cfcape, Dandalus tile Governour, Contaremis Bifhop of Pa- phost and other the chief men of the City, having retired themfelves into the Town-hall, there re- folvingto dye like men, if they could find no other means to efcape, fent to the Bafla for life, which •requefl: he Teemed well to approve ; but whillt mef- fcngers palfed too and fro, the barbarous Tarkt broke in upon them, and put them all to the fword, when raging on they likcwife killed all thofe that had fub- mitted themielves, and w’ere taken to mercy, as is luppofed not without the lecret command of tht Baffa, a deadly enemy to the ChriRians ; andfo great was The Turk^ji) Hijlory, 5? was the inhumane Haiighter that eighteen thoufand were in. all reported to perilh by the fword, neither was there any end of the fpoil, till the avaritious enemy had carryed away all that long peace had ac- cumulated, which according to the moderateft com- putation amounted to 20000 Millions of Ducatesj andnotwithftanding the fury of the Barbarous Ene- my 200 youths w'ere referved, andfentasa prefent to Selymns in order to his training them up in the order of Jamz.aries. In the City likewile were taken two hundred and fifty Pieces of Great Ordnance. This City was won on the 9 of September, 1570, and to this day remains in the hands of the Tttrks, as doth the whole Ifland. Nicofia won, tlie Balia fen t one of his Sa?2zacksto fummon the City of Cyrene of which Palacins was Governour, who upon light of the Tttrks Army co- wardly yeilded the lame into their hands *, which lb heightened their courage, that they laid liege to Famagufta, fending to Summon it to Surrender, but finding the refolution of the Garrilbn to defend it, and withall having notice that the Chriftian Fleet was at hand, he railed his liege , and billeted his foldiers for that winter, in certain villages adjacent, nor was Fames rumour founded upon idle report, for the Fleet let out by the King of Spain, the \encti~ ans, and the Pope, commanded by yJaria Zaniits and Columniiis looking from Creet, had given the Turks bat-’ tie, had not the Admiral oppofed it, and after him many of the Great Commanders ; for the Admiral, and Coinmniits thz Pepcs Admiral abfolutely declared that they had expreis Command to fight the Tnrlis, but the other alledging the great difad vantage they fliould receive by figh.rin^ upon the Enemies Coalf, and the weaknefs of tivef Fleet by reafon of the Peftilence that h;;d deltrQyed:: D d 2 " the- 52 TleTurkjJf^ ^^‘jjiory. the moft expert Searren abruptly departed for M\)QifxhQ Cit}^, and Nicbolaus Donat us to V enice, they to make known to the Senate the danger the befeged were in, and to require them not to delay lerding them fuccour, whereupon the Senators w'tcte to the Ad- miral,to put afiipply both of men ai d previfen wJ 0 com- •9 The Tinkijl) H/jlory. 5 commiting the care thereof to Qmrir.Hs the Vice- Ad- miral,he as an undaunted Captain filling four Ships with all manner ofProvifion, and 17C0 feledt Soul- diers, waiting his opportunity with Twelve Gai- lies, accompanyed them to the mouth of the Port which Ships the Turks that lay at Anchor behold- ing, came forth in hope of a prize, but being fet upon by the Gallies were obliged to retire in great diforder, and run thcmfelves for the moil part on flioar^ where they were beaten in pieces by the great Ordnance from the V ’’.netinn Gallies, and then en- tring the Haven relieved the Citizens as he had in charge, to their unexpreflible joy ; when coming forth again and roaming about the Seas, he took two of the Enemies Ships idchly laden, who were com- ing to the Camp in CyprM, and then wafted the Coafts of Pamphilia he returned to mice, the news of which coming to the knowledge of it fo inraged him chat he caufed the Governour of Chios his head to be ftricken olF, the Governour of Rhodes to be difcharged of his Government and /’/j/BalTa, to be turned out from being Admiral. The Turks encroaching thus v\]}oi\Chriflendom (Yhi not a little Alarum the Confederate Princes, info- much that they again confulc how to withftand the barbarous Enemy, and if polTible to relieve the re- maining Cities of Cyprus^ but were a long while ere they came to any concluhon. In which Ipaceafcer many terrible allaults, and the lofsof 1 4000 Turks, Tramogn(la was taken, and all manner of cruelties cxercilecl (contrary to the Faith of the Bafia before given) on the Souldiers and Citizens, and the fame rilque foon after run all the other Cities of Cyprus, but by this time the Ambaftadors fent by the hTieti- ans to Tam^s the Per[tan King to joyn in League with the Confederate Princes being returned, with onely tliis anfwer, that the Perf.vi would not haftiiy D d 3 enter rr\ 54 The TM'hiJJ} Hijiory. enter into a War againffc the Turk, but would for two years expeft the fuccefs of the Chriftians Arms, the King of Spain^ V rnetiaris and Vope-, with feveral of the ltdian Princes entred into a perpetual League, and with all diligence prepared their Fleet againft the fpring, every one being proportioned his charge in the War, and to have proportion of the fpoiles, to be taken according to the number of Ships and Gallies fet forth. By this time the Turks having poflelTed themfelves of the famous Ifland of Cyprus, and not content therewith gaped for Crete, now* called Candia, lying in the Wiediterranean, and once as Seneca, and others witnefs poflelTed of loo Cities , being exceeding fruitful, and then in the poflelTion of the Venetians, on which the Turks landing in great number, did what harm they polTibly could, by burning and fpoilingall they found in their way, till at length they were inccuntcred by Francifcus jujlinianus who but a little before their Landing came into the Ifland with, a looo Souldiers, and now joyning with the Iflanders, charged them as they dilpeiTed to leek for prey with fnch fury, that killing many of them he obliged the refl: to make a fwift though a difor- derly retreat to their Gallies, but the next day they again landing in greater number burnt divers Towns, ranfacked Setia and Rhetimo, wherein they found much riches, and carried away mofc of the in- habitants into raiferablc bondage. But loaded with their booty dilperfed and dreading no danger they were fuddainly charged by Lucas Michael2. valiant Captain loto of them flain, and all the prey reco- vered together with the prifoners, and they again forced to betake themfelves to their Gallies, after which they weighed Anchor and failed along the Coafl;, palling by Cythera, Zazinthius and Cephalenia Ifland The Tnrkijh Hiftory. ' 55 Ifland belonging to the Femtians^ doing much dam- mage in divers parts of them, and carryed 6000 of the Iflanders into Captivity, and departing thence failed along the Coaft of Epirm, which the P'tneti- anshzdi ftirred up to Rebel againfl: the Turks, but not fending them the promifed Aid they w'ere in- forced to inbrnit to the Mercy of their mercylefs Enemies, after which they recovered all the Caftles and Towns the F metUns had taken on the Sea Coaft, which brought a great fear upon moft of the Iflands yet poIfelTed by the Chriftians, efpecially when that part of the Fleet which had done fo much harm was augmented, by the arrival of Hdy BalTa,and within a while after all the Fleet met at AHlona-tZnd on the 26 571 . failed diredly to Corcyra^ which little I- fland feemed to be incompafled with their huge Fleet. There Partus Balia Vice-Admiral of the Titrk^ upon his arrival landed 800 Horlemen, and 1000 Foot, who ranging up and down the Ifland did great harm by burning and deftroying all before them, till they came to the Suburbs of Corfu which they attempted to let on fire, but were beaten off by the Garrilbn Souldiers, who fallyed upon them with great fury killing a great number of them, and amongft the reft Tophus Rays a man of great account caufing the reft to betake themlelves to flight, who coming on board the Gaily, weighed Anchor and failed to the Bay of Corinth otherwife called Lepanto, having on board the Fleet 15000 Captive Chriftians, taken in the Iflands belonging to the Fenetians. The outrages of the Turks made the Chriftian Confederates haften out their Fleet, which met at Mejfius whQVQ the Admirals and other great Com- manders called a Councel, to conllder what was bell to be done in the management of the War againft fo powerful an Enemy, not doubting the viftory D J u for 5 b The Tnrkijl) Hijlary. for why the Venetian Fleet, confiiled of io8 Gal- lies, 6 GallialTes, 2 great Ships, and many fmall Galliots to whom were joyned 12 Gallies of the Popes, Commanded by ColHmnms. And with Don General of S^ain^ Bafe Son to Charles the 5 th. and u4uria the Spanifh Admiral came 8 1 Gallies, of which three appertained to the Knights of Malta. In this Fleet belides Mariners were reckoned to be 20000 Men, an Army not onely moft beautiful for Ihew, as confifting of able Men, but for the moll c part compofed of old experienced Souldiers, amonglt • whom were a great number of the Chrillian Nobi- lity, who came to ferve againft the Infidels of their i own accord, drawing after them a number of their 1 1 Favorites, whom they at their own charge' main- i . tained. The chief of which were Alexander Farnefi- us Prince of Parma-t Francifcas Marta Prince of Vr- bin-) and Paidns Jordanns Vrfmas of the Honourable Family of the Roman 'L’r/w/. j All things being thus in a readinefs, the V ^netian | Admiral in the Counfel, called to determine what i was to be done, vehemently prefled the General and the reft of the great Commanders inftantly to : give the Enemy Battle, and was leconded by feveral others of Note, as well Spaniards as Romans^ where- upon Commandement was given for putting the ' Fleet in order, which by the three Admirals of ; Venice-, Rome-, and Spain being brought into the Oce- an was martialed in this manner. In the right wing which confiftedof 53 Gallies, was Aaria the Spanipi Admiral placed. In the left wing Aitgitjrtnus Barba- dictis with the like number of Gallies, and in the : middle Battle ftood the General himfelf, with 70 t Gallies, on the right hand of the General ftood I ColumniHs, and on the left his Alfociates, and - thus with equal form the Fleet fet forward as if they in- 57 The Tn'kiJI) Fliflory. ' inftantly had been to joyn the Enemy. During this preparation of the Chriflians the Turks were not idle, but calling a Council of the j chief Commanders held along debate, whether they Ihouldgive the Chrilfians Battle, or decline it, but at length thofc that held it dangerous to give Battle being over-ballanced by thole that were of the con- trary opinion, it was rcfolved that the whole Fleet Ihould be put in order of Battle, which at the com- mand of Haly Baila, General of the Land Forces, and Great Admiral of the Titrkip Gallies, coming out of the Bay of Corinth or LcpantOy they were put into order of the Battle after this manner. The middle Battle in number much like the Chrillians, was con- duded by Haly Balia and Partau^ attended upon by Mailer of the Turks Arlenal, MafiaphaZelibi theTreafurer, Hchmat Bay with Afahomet his youn- ger brother, the Ions of Haly Achmat Aga Governor ofTeHthramaiAjfis Caiga Governour of Calipc!is.,Cara~ coz.a Cajfanes Son to Bnrbarojfa Malanmr Governour of MytilenCf Dely Solyman Cider Captain of Chios-) Cap- fambeias Governour of the Rhodes., Provi Aga Cap- tain of Nauplinm, Ciaper Zelibi Prelldent Ot Cala- bria-, Dordagnan Dondomeni-, with many others too te- dious to recite. The right wing was by the ap- pointment of the Balia's commanded by Alabonut Bey., with 56 Gallies, to whom were joyned many Captains of great Experience in Sea affairs. T1 c left wing was commanded by Viuz^ales Viceroy of Argiers, an old experienced Pirate compofed of 90 Gallies, accompanyed with Cariolo, §nd Arnhy, his twofons, attended on by a multitude of Pirates who entered into the War, in hopes to get great fpoil. In the Rearward was placed Amttrath Bragut with 30 Gallies, and divers other fmall veffels. Both Fleets being fee in order of Battle, about noon 58 The TurhiJJ) Hifiory, noon a fierce ingagemcnt happened in the beginning of which God fo ordering it, the Wind turned about to the great advantage of the Chriftians, driving the fraoakeof the great Ordnance, and vollies of finall Ihot in the face of the Infidels, whereupon for a long time the fight continued with equal fuccefs, vidtory •inclining to neither fide, but after four hours fpace the Turkip Admiral being flain , his Gaily taken, and about 40 others funk and fired, vidory began to declare her felf for the ChriftiansA Yet the de- fperate Turks as fearing Selynms Anger if they Ihould return vanquilhed fought delperately, but true valour prevailing and all the chief Comman- ders, except VlHTLales flain or taken Prilbners, and he refolving to relerve himfelf to his better fortune, fled (after 5 hours defperately fighting) with be- tween 30 and 40 Gallies into the Bay of Lepa^to, leaving the vidory to the'Chriftians, who having purlued him as far as they thought convenient, re- turned to take the fpoil, where it was a horrible fpedacle to behold the Sea coloured with blood, and covered with the bodies of the flain, fragments of broken Ships, and fuch vreapons as were fubjed to float upon its farface. The number of the Turks lolt in this great overthrow, could not be known by rcafon of the Multitude that w^ere buryed in the Sea, but Antonins Gnarnmns Hilloryof this war reported 32000 to have periihcd anda- mongfl: them theie of Note, viz.. Haly Balia Gene- ral, Mahomet Bey (otherwiie called Chiroche or Si- foche') Governour of Alexandri^^CaJJknes the Son of Barbara fa, together with his ibn Mnlanne Governor ol Mn)Une, Governour of Chios, Caffambannes Governour of Rhodes, Provi Aga Captain of Nan- pliivn, Mfifiap ha Zelibi the great Treafurer, Caraco- ta Viceroy of Arg-;crs, with many others. . The cheif I Tie TnrkijJ) Hijlory. 59 chief Prilbners taken in this Battle were ^chmct and Mahomet fons to Haly Balfa, and Nephews to Selymiis, who being afterwards fent as a Prefent to the Pope, the Eldeft died at Naples, znd Machmet Bey Governourof £«^£?4,andofIefler note 3 $00, of the E- nemies Gallies were taken 1 5i ,& 40 funk in the fight, and taken about do Galliots and other finall velfels. This notable Vidory thus obtained, Don John Ve- rier im and Colnmna coming together, friendly em- braced each other, and afterwards in a moll Chrifti- an manner on their knees returned molt hearty thanks to Almighty God for giving them fo Great a ViAory over the Enemies of his Name •, which pious i example was leconded by allthe Captains,Mariners, ' and fouldiers of the Fleet of the Chriftians in this j bloody fight died about leven thoufimd five hun- dred iixty fix , the chief of which were John and Bernardinus of the Honourable family of Cordon^, in Spain, Horatio Caraifa and Per antes Bish alius Yiry^ini- its Horatitis Romans the y' enetianNoblli- ty were flain •, hngnJUnns, Barbadia-ts, BenediBas, Sn~ perantius, Vincentius , QmrinHs , Johanes Lanritamis, Marinas Contaremts, Calharinits, Aifalepetra, Georgius, Kndreas Barb adieus, Mar cm Antonins, L.wdiisPrancif- ens. Bonus Hieronimitt, Contarenns, Antonins Pafchali- gm, and Hieron Wenerim , all of the Order of the Senators, befides divers other Honourable Gentle men, well deferving to be inrolled in the Records of Fame. There were likewife many of note wounded, and amongfi: the vz^'Venerius the Venetian Admiral by a fmall fnot that pafied through his foot. This great ancl welcoin viTory publifhed in the City of Venice, cauled fucha General joy as the like was never till that time ^ nor only did the 'Venetians alone rejoyce, but likewife all Chriflian Nations for in this fight the loft fo many fubllancial Galleys, 6o The TiirkiJ!) Hijlory. Gallycs, able Commanders, Seamen, that to this day that lofs hath been a weakning to that fo mighty Empire, and foch was the Griefe conceived by %ely- mils thereat, that he retired himfelf for certain days, ndt permitting any to fpeak with him, and then in his fury paffed a Decree for MafTacring all the Chri- flians within his Dominions , which bloody and barbarous Edid had been put in Execution had not Muhamat the chief Balia by many pcrfwallons aver- ted his wicked purpofe •, yet that his lofs might leem thelefs, hedilTembled it as well as he could, giving llrid orders for the fpeedy building of new Gallies, to fupply the place of thofe that wercdoll:, which he ha d the more leafure to do, by reafon that after this fo fignal a vidory, the Chriftian Fleet feparated, with a refolution to meet again the next fpring at Coreyra \ yet the 'Venetians not latisfied for the lofs of Cyprus fpoiled the Frontiers winning Itrong holds, and amongft; the reft, the ftrong Town of Sfippoto^ formerly taken from them , which caufed Selwms to put to Sea all the Gallies he had, appoint- ing Vlnz.ales a Renegado Chriftian, bat now turned Admiral, in the room of HJy (lain in the battel of Lepanto^ of .which the Venetian Ad- miral having notice, fent to Don ]ohn to come to his Aid, but he bearing a grudge againft the 'Veneti- ans for hanging up one ot his Mutinous Captains, ftood a long time in doubt whether he fhould lend any of his Gallies to his aiftftance or not j but at length being by his Captains perfwaded, that his honour would fuffer, if through his negleiA the Chriftan caule fhould be prejudiced ; he lent Lilly of Andrndit^ with tvrenty two Galleys to joyn with the V enetinn'^Xztt-) then lying before Coreyra^ nor vvas the Pope flow in lending his Galleys, infomuch that the whole Fleet confifted of 155 Galleys, 6 Galli- The Turh^iJ!) Hijlcry. 6t afles, and twenty fhips of war ; nor was the Turks inferiour in number, lying about Maluajia in the en- trance of the Bav called Shms Arfeltcus. of which the Venetian Admiral having notice, refolvedto give them battle whatever happened,but the wary Pirate Vluz.ales could not be drawnthereto, having before to his colt tryed the courage of the Chriftians lying ftill in the bay, hoping thereby to gain fome advantage, without which he relblvednot to fight, but finding the Chriftians every day ready to charge him as he lay, he for his better fecurity found means to fail to Corona-) upon which the Chriftian Fleet retired to Ceri^o.) not finding any opportunity of giving the ene- my battle Whilft matters went thus Bon ]ohn fent a Frigate to advertife the Venetian Admiral that he was arri- ved at Corcyra-) commanding him to meet him at-Z’4- cyntbus) there to confult about the carrying on the war but when they came thither, the General not regarding his word delayed to meet them, which did not a little trouble the Venetians ; but not flaying there they failed to Cocp-^, where joyning the Ihips newly fent to their Aid by feveral Ciiriflian Princes, they refolved to feek out the Enemy, and if pefii- ble to oblige him to fight ^ whereupon they looted Anchor, and for the mofl part failed by night, think- ing by that means to opprefs tlie Enemy e’r he was provided to defend himfelf but this purpefe being difeovered by fome of the Turks Scouts-, the Chrifli' ans were prevented in their undertaking ^ yet fo re- folute was the Venetian Admiral that he prelfed the other Generals to enter the Bay, and give them Bat- tle even in the mouth of the Harbour;, but this his refolution (though it had pafl doubt proved fuccefs- ful, had it been put in execution j was oppofed by the kpanif} General, and Columnim ihc Popes Admi- 62 The TurkjJJ) Hijiory, ral, as notfeafonable, but altogether dangerous^ even to the hazarding the Chriftian Fleet, Vv^hich as they alledge was the Bullwark of Chriltendom ^ yet ly- ing before N aiayimm-, they rcfolved to beliege the Caftle of yioAon both by Sea and Land, which Caftle lying in mouth of the Bay, defended the Turks Fleet, whereupon Sailing before it, tliey landed feven thou- fand of their moil refolutc Soldiers, and at the fame time appointed feveral of the Gallealles and Gallies I to batter it with their Great Ordnance ^ the which : more advantagioufly to effed they joyned two GaK j leys together, with Mails, Ropes, and other tack- 1 ling, in the nature of a floating battery, on which | they planted Baskets of Earth, and feveral Pieces of Great Ordnance •, but being overcharged with too great a weight, they became uiclefs, by reafon of the abundance of water that entred them, and at the fame time having notice that a confiderable ; number of Turki(J) horfemen had entered by night | into the Caftle, they thought good to give over the liege, which made the Turks fo adventurous as to fend feveral of their Galleys out of the Bay to feize upon a great ihip of the F'euetians^ that was coming from -^^cyw^towithprovilion for the Fleet, but they were focn obliged to retire, which all of them did in fafety, except Mahomet y^Q'phew to Burba- rufja the famous Pirate, who to get him a name, ftay- ed on purpofe to dare the Chriftians^ but being Grapled by the Marquefs of St. G-zu*, after a fierce Engagement he with almoft all his men were flain, and the Galley taken in the fight of the Fleet, they not daring to come to his afllftance-, after which the Chriftians belieged the ftrong Caftle of r/zzCT,nntientiy called charge ofwhichwas by General conientof the great Commanders commit- ted lo^-^lcxander Tartiskus Prince of /’^r/zz.z^whQm the Teas- The Tiirkip Hijlcry. 6^ Venetians furnifhed with Munition and Victuals for the better performance of that lervice, which he no Ibpn- er received, but landing icoo Jtalians-^iooo Spaniards, and five hundred Germans , with twelve Pieces of Ordnance, did batter the Caftles inceflantly •, but not encompafling it, as he ought, in the night time a Great number of Turks having made their w'ay through a pathlefs Forreft, entered at an unfufpeded Port, whilil thofe of the Garrifon were skirmilhing with the beliegers ■, whereupon the Princes diipairing to carry it by aflault, railed the liege. The Turks Fleet hiut up in the Bay of Modon, and as it were belieged by the Chrillians,by this time felt great want, which caufed a Pellilence to rage fo violently amongll the Soldiers and Mar riners, that many of the Galleys were delerted, and the reft fo flenderly manned, and fo unprovided of necelfaries, that had the Chriftian Fleet rode it out a moneth longer before the Bay , the Enemies fleet had fell into their hands almoft without fighting but fuch was the perverfeneft of the Spanijli General, that he would needs return with his Fleet, notwithftanding all the pregnant realbns, and arguments the V vnetian Admiral ufed to perfvvade him to the contrary, and fo refolutely was he therein, that he refolved to de- part not only without theconfent of xX\e. Venetians but without their privity, he having in order there- to ftridly commanded all his Captains, and Ma- ftersof hisGallies,fpecdily to weigh Anchor, and to ftand for the Coaftof S'o7>'jof which the Venetian Ad- miral having notice, and not a little troubled thereat, came on board his Galley, and renewed hisperf.vafi- onsfor hisftay ; but finding all arguments vain, he at leaft reqnefted him to ftay fo long, till the 2 Gal- lies faftened together for a floating Battery might be fetched o.T, and not be left there a-. ?. prey, to which Ire 6 4- The Tfirkjfi Hijlory, he hardly con rented, alledging that his vidiials fell fhort, and if he fliould ftay longer abroad his Fleet would be opprelfed with famine, yet promifed that if he met with the Ihips hehadfentfor out of Si- cily loaden with provilion, he would inftantly re- turn, but kept not his word, though he incountred them upon the Coaft of Corcyra ^ fo that the half ftarved Tnrh^ upon his departure by degrees got out of the Bay, to their no finall joy, moil of them getting in fafety to ConHantimfle. For after the de- parture of the Spaniards to Mejfina^ (Venetian and Popes Admiral departed likewiie, the one to Rom^ and the other to f^enice^ having done nothing wor- thy of fo great preparations as were fet forth by the ChriftianPiinces. About this time JmidaKmgo^ Tunes being driven out of his Kingdom fled to Don John for Aide, hum- bly requelling him that he would reltore him to his Kingdom , to which the crafty Spaniard fecmingly hearkned, but having landed his Forces, taken pof- feflion of Tunis and other llrong places , he fent together with his wife and children intoS?- cily, there to remain as prifoners at large, during their lives , and placed Mahomet his brother in his Head, who by reafon of his' Seniority was rightful Heir to the Kingdom. But withall taking of him a folemn Oath, thathefhould become and from thence- forth remain a vall'al to the Spanijh King, and al- wayes be ready to do whatfoever he commanded, and having beaten the Turks and wild airahs out of the Countrey, he built a new Caltle in the Middle way, between Qdetta and Tunes^ and having put a llrong Garrifon therein, as likewiie into he return- ed into Sicilia. The Venetians finding no trull to be repofed in the Spaniards.) and of themfelves too weak to deal with the The Tnrkijli Hijhry, 6$ the Tnrhsj refolved if poflible to conclude an honour- able peace with Selymns^ thinking it more for their advantage than to befubjedt to the infolent humours of the iifamjh General ^ and thereupon after much debate in the Senate houfeit was relblved that Am- balTadors Ihould be fent to found the mind of the Thrkj who as it afterward appeared, was no left delirous of peace then themfelves, though he a long time dilTembled it ^ whereupon the Am bafladors arri- ving at Conftantimpe^2.ftQY much debate fubfcribed the Articles of Peace ; the fubftance of which were theft. Firit, that the Venetians ihould pay unto Se- limus 300000 Ducates, 100000 to be paid down, and the reft in two equal portions the two fucceeding years. Secondly, That fuch places of the Venetians-, as were in the poiftilion of the 7 ihould ftill re- main in the hands of the Poflelfors, but* that fuch Towns and Places as th.Q Venetians., during the war had taken from the Turks ihould be inftantly refto- red. This Peace thus concluded, was proclaimed in Conjiantinople on the twentieth of March Anno 1574, and at Venice the thirteenth of April follow- ing, to the great amazement of the Confederates,* when the better to jnftifie themfelves in what they had done, the Venetian Senators fent for the Spanijh Ambaifador and Popes Nuncio , into the Senate houft, to whom the Duke in a Grave Speech, ad- dreiftd himftlf to this purpoft. That anger and Hope two evil Counftllors being ftt alide, he had concluded a Peace with the Tnrk^ not for that he was delirous of the Turks friendiliip, which what account it was to be made of, he right well knew, but for the love he bare to the State, which was not on- ly with loft but even with death it ftlf to be main- tained j how he had been fpoiled of the Kingdom of E e Cyprus-) 66 The TfjrkjJf} Hijlory. Cyprus ^ he further declared, that the V’emtlem State grew weaker and weaker by continual war, and there- fore before it was reduced to extremity, andthey not being able to maintain war againfl fo Potent an ene- my, were to take a Purer courfe for the prefervation of what yet of their Signory remained unto them, for that the lafety of the VemtUn'^,t2.x.'z ftiould at all times be a Pure FortrePs and Defence of the Chriftian Coraraonweale, againft all the furious attempts of the enemy, and uncertain events of i time. This Peace though diiliiced of other Chriftian Priiices, was advantagious to the Venetians^ for as , n uch as the war had made their Trade toceaPe,both yidriatick.'3i^^ Mediterranean Se.Z'i-, which upon ' the conclulion of Peace with the Tuikst returned ! again more then ever, by reafon few other Chriftian i Merchants had the like liberty. This peace was the i eaPer obtained of the Turk^ for as much as the Spaniard . had reduced the Kingdom of 1 mis to his obedience, and that the Knights of Malta had an eye upon Tripo- lis and other Sea port Towns holden by the Turks-, upon the Coaft of Barbary, that he might be the , more at leafure to defend w hat he polfeifed, and if j poflible to recover that which his father had loft, viz., the Kingdom of Turn-, yet declining thaten- terprizefor a time, he converted his Forces againft John the Vaynod of Falacbia., who a little before having driven Bogeanus out of Moldavia, had pof- felfed himfelf of that Province, but upon his refi- ling to pay Selymus double the Tribute he agreed for, he held him in fiich diftruft, that he refolved to take from him both his Principalities, and annex them to the Ottoman Empire, to prevent which if polfible, the faldjohn railed a great power, 1 calling to his af- liftance the Cojfacks a warlike people of Tolonia, who living The TurkiJfj HiJiorj/. upon the Frontiers fecure the kingdom from the incur- hons of the Tartars, and maintain themfelves for the moll part by fpoiles taken from the enemy, who now in great number underthe leading oi Safer ceuim their Captain, came to the aflrftance of the.Fayvod. Selymm hearing what had palled, lent 30000 Tarks, and 2000 Hungarians, to joyn fuch Forces as were railed by the l^alatine of T' dachia Tr an f alpine with a Command that he Ihould take John the T'ayvod, and lend him in bonds to Conjiantinople, and in his ftead ^IzcedPeter his brother,of which thePalatmc an utter Enemy to John was not a little glad nor delay- ed, but upon the Arrival of the Turks and ans, with an Army of 202000 fighting men palled over the River Moldavias, not doubting but with his multitude to opprefs his adverfary, but putting too much confidence in his Rrength, and by realbn thereof incamping diforderly, on the Bank of the River, the Vayvod and Captain of the CoJJdcks let upon with fuch fury, that ere his Souldiers could re- cover their Horfes then difperfed in the adjacent Medows, or put themfelves in a pofture of defence, they overwhelmed with Ihot, and every \yhere dif- ordered fo, that flying in great confufion molt of them were llain or drowned, in attempting to re- pafs the River, the Palatine and Peter his brother hardly elcapingto theCallleof Brailoniam Valachia. In the Palatines Camp, were found Itore of Riches, which the Vayvod bellowed upon liisSou’diers, and with Fire and Sword entered Valachia Tranfdpine, putting all to theSword that came in his way,without * refpeLt either to Ageor Sex till hecarne rotheCallle of Brailoma, in which he undeiTcood that the Pala- tine and his Brother were in this Cafiie, together with a fair City bearing the fame name, llandcth on the Bank? of Dannhins, which at that time was E e 2 .de- 68 Th Tnrkifi Bijlory. defended by a ftrong Garrifon of Turks, near unto which incamping his Army he wrote to the Cap- tain thereof, commanding him to deliver into his hands the Palatine and his Brother, v/ho had caufe- lelly invaded his Territories, and being overthrown in Battle was fled unto him*, the which if he refufed to do, he vowed never to depart from thence till he had conflrained him to yield them up j which Mef- fage being fent to the Captain by two Valachian Prifoners,he returned four Meflengers, with ten great Ihot, tenfmallfliot, and two Turkilh Arrows j giv- ing them in charge to tell the that forafmuch as he knew him to be a fervant to his dread Sove- raign Sdymus he did refpeft him, but would in no wile deliver into his hands thole he required, but forafmuch as he underftood that he of late had llain a great number of his Lords Servants, who by his commandement were bringing Peter the Palatines Brother into Moldavia^ he therefore commanded him to raile the liege or he would make him and his Souldiers feed upon thofe diflies (meaning the Bul- lets and Arrows) till gorged to the full they dange- roufly furfeited and calt. This anfwer fo incenled John, that he caufed the MelTengers to be cruelly in- treated by cutting off their Noles, Lips, and Ears, and nailing them by their feet to a piece of Timber hung them up before the City, with their heads downwards as a terror to the reft, and they furioufly battering the Vdalls till large breaches appeared, the Souldiers entred by plain force put all to the ♦ Svv'ordthat they found therein: Inlbmuch that the blood running like a Torrent into the VamtbiHs, crimlcmed ore its ftream for many a mile. There the greedy Souldiers found ineftimable Wealth, heaped up in many peaceful years ^ but perceiving the Caftle not fo calily to be won as the City he up- on The Tiakjjl) Hijlcry. 6^ on notice of the approach of 15300 Turks to the re- lief of the former, razed the latter, and fuddainly went to meet them with his Coj[,icly and 8coo Mol- davian Horfemen, and by fpeedy Marches entred their difordered Camp ere they heard he had raifed the fiege, where the inraged Soukliers fo laid about them thatfcarcely 1000 of the Turks efcaped, which were afterwards put to the Sword in Teina^ which City the Tayvod took and utterly razed, and return- ing from thence overthrew another Army of the Turks with incredible flaughter, fo that his name became terrible to the Turks, and made Selymm doubt the keeping of his Dominions in Europe-, but as Treafon is always th’e wreck of profperous affairs, fo it happened to the Vayvod, for he dilfolving a part of his Army and appointing Cz.amieitiche., one of his great Captains, and a man lingularly by him beloved, for the Guarding his Frontires and pre- venting the Turks paffing the Da>ntbim., corrupt- ed with the Turks Gold he fuffercd Peter with a great Army the next Spring to enter without re- fiftance, of which the V'ayvod having notice, lying then before the Caftle oiTeine, he fent the Captain of the CoJJ'acks-, and the Moldavian Horfemen to op- j pole their pailage, who meeting with 6oco of the I forerunners of the Turks Army, after a light skir- milh put them to flight and taking one of them I though mortally wounded, inquired of him the fate ' of the Army that had pafled DannhUis, but he deal- ing unfaithfully with them, would not make them fenlible of the great power which was at hand \ yet the Captain of the Cojjacki doubting tobeoppref- led by multitudes, and having in diftrufl; the fideli- ty of Cz^arnieuiche-, lent to the P^nyvod to advertife him thereof, and to delire him to provide for hJm- felf and the fafety of his Army, but he as a man re- E e 3 fokc(] yo The TiirkjJfj Hijiory, folved to give the Turks Battle, returned for an- fwer that in the firft place he little doubted of the Faith of him whom he had found moft faithful in the time of his greatelt diftrefs , and ufed as a moft trulty companion in all his Travels, and that it was no time now to ftand in doubt or be afraid, and that as for himfelf, he would ere long come with the reft of the Army, and take a view of the Enemies Camp, for t|pat he was not come fo far to fly but to fight in the defence of his Subjedts and Country, and fo with- in four dayes after he joyned with the forerunners of his Army, and incamped near a Lake, which runneth out of Dannhins-y and with feveral of his trufty followers afcended a high Hill, the better to take a veiw of the Enemies huge Camp, upon which plainly perceiving that he was betrayed byCz^arnie- fikbe-y who had then under his command 13000 of his choice Souldiers, he fent for him, but he doubt- ing hisTreafon v/as dilcovcred, lent him word that he could not now come, the Enemy being fo nigh at hand, but that he fliould without delay lee him in the Field as forward as the moft couragious againft the Enemy, but herein he failed his Lord ^ for Battle being joyned he cauled his Enligns to be let fall, and revolted to the Enemy, which fo difcoura- ged the reft of the Souldiers that after a delperate and bloody fight, finding themfelves opprefs’d with multitudes , and their Countrey-men who Ihould have afiifted them, fighting againft them, they gave back, which the V'ayvod perceiving caufed the re- treat to be founded, and with 20000 Foot men, and fuch Horlemen as efcaped the Battle, retired in as good order as the danger would permit, into the ruins of an old Tov\?n which a little before he had razed, and therein ftrongly Fortified himfelf round afoc/ut, yvhich next day the Turks incamped, but per? The TurkjJlj Hiflory. j\ perceiving that it was not onely difficult but dange- rous to affault him in his Itrength, they fent Meffien- gers to him, to perfw^de him to yield to Mercy and not expofe his own Life, and the lives of fo many of his Subjefts to the fury oftheinraged Souldiers, or miferies they would be fhortly reduced to by Fa- mine, offering the Oaths of all the chief Comman- ders for his own fecurity and the fecurity of his peo- ple, to which propofals he being perfwaded to hear- ken he in conlideration that the Ci^Jfacks might be permitted to return with their Horles and Armes, into their own Countrey that himlelf might be alive conveyed into the prefence of Selynm^ there to make his defence, and that his Subjefls might return to their refpedive homes, or take ferrice with the Turks \ agreed to come out of his ffrength and fub- mit himfelf, to which his demands Capucins Baffia General of the Turks Army confented, and himfelf with the reft of the great Commanders fwore feven times (aufualcuftom amongff; the Turks for the fo- lemnly obliging themfelves) to fulfil his requeft. Whereupon became forth onely accompanied with Ofmalim a Tolonian Captive , but after four hours continuance in the Turks Camp the perfidious Bafla fendingfor him u lexpecledly with hisScimiter ffruck him crofs the face, and afterwards wounded him in the Belly, upon v/hich lignal the JarJzaries prefent took him and cut off his head, which they fixing upon the point of a Lance, carrying it in de- rifion through the Camp ; nor fatisfied with barba- rous and bale indignities, they at the commandment of the BalTa tore his body in pieces with Camels, and foon after put all the Chrillians whom they had allured out of their ffrength to the Sword who yet fell not unrevenged, for the Coffaclis perceiving the hard plight they were in, fered together, and with their 72 The Turh^JJ) Hijlory. their weapons in their hands made a great Daughter of the Enemy, but being few in number except their Captain, and feme other men of note they were all Hain. After this fhameful Murther the Turks overrun all Moldavia and ^ alachia-, recovering in a fliort time the ftrong places that were poffelTed by the Fayvods Garrifons, after which Selymm intent for the reco- very of the Kingdom of Tunii in poITeflion of the Spaniards knt 300 fail of Gall ies under the command of SinanPialt and his chief BalTa’s to reduce it to his obedience, who after the lofs of 30000 Turks, with great difficulty took the ftrong Caftle of G uletta^ and the new caftle built at the Com- mandment of Don John in his late expedition againft the Mooriffi Rebels, which ftrong hold loft. Tunes furrendered without making any confiderable reh- ftance, and in it was taken Mahomet invefted King, whom the Turks font Prilbner to Confiantino^ pie. But Selymm long furvived not this vidory over the Spaniards.^ but being fpent with Wine and Wo- men, to whom he had given his greateft ftrength he died on the 9th. of December anno 1574. having lived 5 1 years, and thereof Reigned eight, he lies buryed at Hadrinople., leaving his Empire to a^murath his Eldeft Son, who fucceeded him by the name of jimurath the Third, as will appear in the leries of his Life and Reign- CHAP* The Turkifi Hijlery, 73 CHAP. XVI. The Ltfi^ Memorahle TranfaftT ons of Amurath the Tlnrd of that Name^ and fixth Emperor of the Turks. SElymus dead, and his Death kept iecret from the Janiz.aries for the Ipace of twelve dayes, at the end of Vihich Amurath arriving at Cor/fiaminople, was received into the Seraglio-, and took poflelTion ofthe Empire, when having pacified the unruly Souldiers with great liberality, he caufed according to the Turkifll policy, Majiapha , Solyma?!., Abdnla, Ofman and Tzjihanger his five brethren to be ftrangled, with bow firings even in his fight, the reafon of which llrangling is becaule they would not fpill any of the Othoman facred blood as they term it on the ground , upon the death of whom the Mother of Solyman overcome with grief and difpair , flafa- bed her felf to the Heart with a Dagger, at which Tragical fight it is reported that Arrmraxh wept, as not delighted with fuch unnatural cru- elty, but that the manner and nature of his Go- vernment fo required, for that by reafon of the largenels of the Ottoman Empire , if many of the Princes of the blood lived at one and the fame time, they would probably with civil diflenfions rend it in pieces. Anno 1575 Amurath eflablifhed many whollbm Eaws, altered the Coin, and bountifully relieved the poor, and albeit he was of a mild and peaceable jiature, yet that he might feem like to his Prede- ceflbrs 74 Tiirkjjl) HiJiorj'. ceflbn he profecuted his Fathers Wars, and aided by the Tartars entered into Rafaa part of the Ter- ritories of the King of Polonia, where he burnt and dellroyed 200 Caftles, belides a great number of Towns and Villages, putting multitudes of the poor people to the Sword, and carrying as many into rai- ferable Captivity, but the Tartar had little- joy of their fuccefs, for wdiilft they were bofie in Ritfcia the Cofack brake into their Kingdom, and deftroyed all before them for the fpace of 100 miles- That which gave the Turks encouragement to en- ter the Territories of Pobma, was the divifion a- rnongftthe nobility for Henry D' Faloys their King, upon notice that his brother Charles the Ninth French King was dead, fecretly departed to take upon him the Kingdom of France^ to which he was rightful Heire, whereupon one party was for Elect- ing ^iaximlian the G erman Emperour, and the other ilrongly oppoiing them would have introduced the great Duke of Muscovy. Of which Amurath having notice, and fuppofing that to which foever of them it fell he would prove a troublefome Neighbour, he fent a Letter to dilTwade the Nobility and Coun- felors of the Kingdom to chufe neither, but to EleCt a King amongft themfelves, or elfe Stephen Bmor Prince of Tranfylvania^ and in fo doing they fhould find him their conftant Friend, or in refilling to com- ply with his delire toexpeCt all the calamities that attend on War. In this Letter the proud Turk fil- led himfelf God of the Earth, Governour of the whole World, the MelTenger of God, and faithful fervant of the great Prophet. Yet fo it effectually wrought with the Polonian Nobility, that notwith- flanding Maximilian the Emperour was by the Arch Bifhop of Gnefna and fome others, EleCted King j yet was that their Election by the great part of the Electors The TurkiJJj Hijlory, 75 Eledors dirarinulled, as alfo the great Duke of Mof- co-yy rejeded, and the Noble Princ^fs of the molt Honourable Jagdionian houfe cholen Queen of Tolonia-, upon condition that Ihe Ihould Marry Ste- fhen Prince of Tranjykania^ which Ihe aftervrard performed, as in the leries of this Hiftory will ap- pear. ylmurath upon the afore-mentioned conditions having drawn his Army out of Rufcia, and talcing advantage of the difeord ariiing in the Kingdom of Perfia-, upon the death oITcwim refolved to bend his Forces to the Conquell of that great Kingdom, which (the diflenfion amongll the Sons of the de- cealed King about the fiicceflion, miade himfuppole) was ealie to be effeded, whereupon railing fuch great Forces as held Chriftendom in fufpence, he yet declin- ed attempting any thing till he had knowledge what effeds the civil broyls had wrought, which w^ere that after a long contention , and the Murther of many of the Sons and Grandchildren of the deceafed King, Mahomet Eldeft fon to Tamas^ who had be- fore rejeded the Diadem, to prevent the ruin of his Native Country,took upon him the Regency, though not without the envy of many of the great Snltans, whole guilt upon his being proclaimed King had cauled them to fly, who like thorov/ paced Traitors in their exile folicited Amiirath by all means fpeedily to invade the Kingdom of Perfta-, laying before him the facility of conquering that noble Kingdom, abounding with all manner of riches, and that the Georgians and Saracens evily affeded towards the new King, would not fail upon the approach of his Army to joyn with him. Thele and the like perfwa- lions fired the Turk with hopes of fo glorious an atchievement, that notwithftanding he was in League with the Perfian^ yet after long debating the matter 7^ The Turhjjl) HiJlorj. matter in the Divan^ it was refolved that the War Ihouid be undertaken and carryed on with all vigor, and that thefirfl attempt fhould be made upon the Countrey of Servan^ the better to effedt which by aiaruming the Enemy in divers places, he fent to his Bafla’sGovernours of Babylon^ and other places on the Perfian Frontiers, to moleft the Ter- ritories by frequent inroads, to perform which they were no ways wanting. And now Stephen the Prince of TrxnfUvitma having marryed Qiieen Anne^ and being confirmed by the free choice of the Nobility King of PoUnd , he lent his Ambafladors to Amurath^ to conclude a firm and inviolable League, which was granted by the Turk very advantageous to the Chriflians, that he might not be hindered in his PerJiAn War, which in Anno 1578. he undertook, lending a great Army under the leading of Muftapha Bafla (who in the Reign of Selymm had Conquered CyprHi) into the Countrey of Servan^ compo/ed of thele following Nations, iiooo Mefopotamlans, liooo Babylonians and AJfytians-, 1000 Syrians-, 10000 NatolianSi 1000 Jews of Palaftine-, 4000 CdicianSj after which followed the Soldiers of G recta-, the Glory and Hope of the whole Camp to the number of I GOOD, as likewile 10000 Janiz^aries., Harquibu- llres, to whom 4000 of the Citizens of Er Zicponm were added befides many Voluntiers of divers Na- tions: infomuch that the whole Army confilted of 1 10000 Horfeand Foot, befides this multitude of men, Maflapha brought into Perfia 500 pieces of Artillery, and 50 Waggon loads of Money to leavy other Soldiers, if occalion required it. The Baffa with the Army aforefaid, arriving at Chars-, after three dayes Haying there, during which time being marvelloufly troubled by realbn of a fud- dain Tempelt, he raifed his Camp and departed to the Hhe TnrkiJI) Hifiory. 77 the foot of the Mountains of Chidder , otherwife Feriardoy where he had knowledge of the Per fan S«- phies Army Approach, which cauled him to put his Army into order of Battle, dividing itamongft his great Commanders, which were Demis Bajfa of Ca~ ramt.y and Ofman Viahomet^ and Mtifia Fada Balias j as for the Perfian Army under the leading of Tocomac an experienced Captain, whom for hisknov/n valour and Loyalty, the Sophy had made General, it con- lifted not of above twenty thouland, all Horlemen, gathered out of Georgia^ Media^ and ^ ntropan a , who mifinformed by their Scouts of the Tarks number, boldly held on their way, refolving to give them Battle, who from the Kills perceiving their intent, put themfelves in a pofture to receive them : where- upon about one in the Afternoon, a dreadful fight be- gan, wherein at the firft charge v/ere flain leven of the Turks Sanaacks, with ^ Great number of Soldiers without any apparent lofs to the Perfians^ who fight- ing dole together flew the Tarks at a diftance with their Ihotof Arrows, and the continual thundering of their Harquibuzes, of which Engins by this time they had learned the perfect ufe. But Mufiapha-, who with a great power of his choice fouldiers, having waited a fit opportunity, peirced the Squadrons of the horfe, having firft made a lane by the reiterated Volliesof his Artillery, and charged with fuch fury, that although the Perfians incouraging each other did all that men were capable to perform, yet be- ing overpowered with number, were at length bro- ken and diforderedi they under the fiielterof the night retired, which the Turks without much diffi- culty permitted, they not having any caufe to re- joyce at the Viftory fo gotten, their lofs was fo great, yet keeping the field all that night , the next morning in token of his good fuccels, Maftapha fent 78 T/jc 'TurhjJJ) Hijlory, I the heads of five thoufand Perfiam^ and three thou- land live prifoners to jimurath^ and for the greater terror of the enemy, cauled the heads of three thou- land others to be llricken off, and piled on heaps ^ the Turks loft in this battle near twenty thoufand, many of their chief fouldiers. The next day after the battle Manuchlars^ a Prince of the Georgians fent a meflenger to Mufia^ha^ to acquaint him that he was coming to confer with : him, which did not a little rejoyce the Turk •, info- | much that he caufed all his Great Commanders with I Trumpets, Enfigns difplayed. Drums beating, and the dilcarge of all the Great Ordnance to receive him, and in like manner to conduct him to his i Pavillion (not doubting bnt that the revolt of this Prince would greatly further his affairs) which be- ing being done, and he entering the Bajfas Tent, he there was caufed to fit down on his right, hand, when after having made him prefents of fuch things as for that purpofe he had brought, he gave the Eafia to underftand, That for the honour and eftimation he conceived of the Turkifh valour, he was ever de- voted to the houfe of the Ottomans^ and as he had of- ten times defired to venture his life and fortune in their fervice, fo at this prefent time he moved by his former defire, allnred by the ftrangefameof his ' wonderful and viftoricus Army, and ftirred up by a | particular Fantafie to learn the Turkifh Difeipline | in martial affairs, unaer fiich a General as was the Eafia, to whom he offered all his devotion and fer- vice, things as he faid not offered to any before, and in fine befought him to accept of him in the name of u^/nifrath^whoib obedient vailal he had vowed himfelf. This Speech ended the Eafia highly commended I him for his prudent choice and good will towards ! l the Turks ; and the more to confirm him in the opi- ! j nion The TirkiJI} HiJlorj. 79 nion he had of the Ottoman Grcatnefs , he cauled him to be led throughout his Camp, that fo he might take a view of the Turkifh Magnificence, where amongft other things he with detefiiation beheld the Pile of Per fan heads, and then returning to Mufta- phas Tent, he was prefented with Garments of cloth of Gold, a Gilt Battle* Ax and Target enameled with divers precious ftones, and never permitted him to go from his Pavillion without a train of his flaves at- ! tending on him. Things being at this pafs, the Bafia was about to raife his Camp, to march into the very heart of Per- faj when loe the face of the Heavens became black as Egyptian darknefs, and upon a fudden fuch P-':>digi- ous Thunders, Lightning, Rain and Hail, o; 'ke from the yielding Clouds, that it leemed to molt that the diflblution of all things was at hand, the wind every where renting the Turkilh Tents in pie- ces, and carrying them into the Air •, w'hich Tem- peft and the noifom flench arifing from the Carkales of the dead, caufed fuch a Peflilence in the Camp, that upon the mufter taken four dayes after forty thoufand , Turks were wanting, yet w’ hen the wea- ther cleared up he removed, pafTmg by the fides of the Great Mountain, and in his way taking in feveral Caflles and Fortrefles , though not without the lofs of many of his men ^ nor were the Perfans ^ wanting to cut oft' his rear and the flraglers of his Camp, as they found opportunity, by which means many thoufandsof their Forragers and fuch as gree- dy of booty left the Army, were cut fliort, yet ha- ving received a great fupply ofProvifionfrom r4lepp0t he marched into the Country of Sintan-, when by the way another Prince of the Georgians came to the Baffas Pavillion& fubmitted himfelfas the for- mer had done, being thereupon welcomed in the fame nature, 8o The Turkijh Hijiory. nature, receiving rich prefents from the Bajfa as a token of his favour, as likewife a promife that upon his return he would pafs through his Countrey to pay him a vifit. The Tnrks traveling twelve dayesby long marches came into the confines of Sirvan^ but finding all the Country deftroyed before them, they fell into ma- ny ill conveniencies, for by the means aforefaid pale famine began to flare them in the face, which obli- ged them to fearch for provifion in all places, yet finding little, as they were about to return to the Camp they happened on feveral Perfian fpies, out of whom they extorted that after they had palled cer- tain Marfhes where Came difeharged it felf into Araxis they Ihould find certain fields of Rice and Handing Corn, together with divers herds of Cattle, enough to fuffice the whole Army fora months Ipace, which being made known unto the Balla,he not great- ly credited the Report, and therefore would not pals thither with the whole Army, but freely permitted fuch as would, to go, fo that about ten thoufand of the moil hungerllarved, with fuch neceflaries as they thought fit, wenttofeife upon this booty, but had no fooner palled the River and fome few Marlhes,but tney fell into the Perfian Ambufh, laid for that pur- pole, who put them almolt all to the fword; but whim they were taking the fpoii Mujiapha having notice by the flyers what had happened, came upon them with the whole Army lb fuddenly that he hemmed them, as it were in an illand, made by the meandringof yiraxis andC««^r, where fetting upon them, after a bloody fight put them to the worfl, killing a great.many of them, and forcing other to take the River, wherein many of them perilhed, Tccomnc the General and three other great Cap- tains hardly efcaping. After The TttrkjJI) Hijiory. 8i After which Muftayha refolved to pafs the River which the Souldiers having notice, began not only to murmur but to Mutiny throughout the Camp, aliedging that he carryed them to their certain deftru- d;ion for that being in a ftrange Countrey, where all neceflaries whereby to fublift were wanting, whereby they fhould iublift, they muft inevitably perilh, but he urging that it was the command of jimnrath^ and if no man but himfelf would palfe over he himfelf would obey his Lords command, where- upon notwithftanding the unwillingnefi of three parts of the Army the next day the better to encou- rage his Captains and Souldiiers himfelf waded over, and after him followed a great number ofhisflaves, and the reft of the great Commanders, but fo flow- ly by reafon of the fwiftnefs of the River, that night approached ere half the Army had gained the far- ther bank, when theftream fwelling with the force of the Wind and darknefs making the Souldiers fear- ful, 8000 of them were driven headlong down the currant into the deep places, where they miferably perilhed together, with a great number of Camels and Horfes , fo that the Perfians living upon the Banks many miles diftance, perceiving the number of dead Turks together with their weapons float- ing with the ftream, concluded the Army was over- thrown, nor vas the fortune of thofe that palled over for a time much better, for coming into a bar- ren Countrey , a great number of them died for want, yet having palled thus far a greater raifchief would have befallen them had they returned, and therefore being every way belet with danger they refolutely marched forward, either to find relief or to end their days in mifery. But contrary to their expeflation, after two dayes hard marching they came into a plentiful Countrey ftored with ail man- F f ner 0 82 The Turkij!) Hjjlory, Kcr of Provifions which did not a little revive them, being before even at the point to perilh, after which having moO; of the Cities of yielded to him, he put Garrifons therein and furnifhing them with all necellaries at the importunity of his Souldiers re- r, folved to return home and fo paffing through the ^ Countrey of Prince ^lefjander, where he revidtual- c. led and relieved the Garrifon ot who through Famine were reduced to fuch receffity, that no un- - clean thing was left uneaten, and fo palling through ^ the ftraights of the rough Mountains, where he loft a number of his people, he at length arrived at Er- \ z.irum where withoiut any mufter he difeharged his i Army ^ thereby to hide tlie great lofs hehadfuftain- ed from the knowledge of Amnrath^ and forgot not 5 by Letters to magnifie his own exploits^ fending! withal the Georgian Princes who had lubmitted , themfelves , with Letters of recommendation to Amiirath. i It was not long after the departure of Majlapha^but ■ the Tartars in confederacy with the Turks, having left the Fens of Mcetis^ and the unmountable Ihoars 1 of the Black Sea, palfing over the Rocks upon Co/- chis^ and the Irozen crags of the Mountain entered wdth an Army of 30000 Horle, un- der the leading ob Abdikherai^ who no lefs terrified the Perfians then had the T//^G, but after thetak- | ing of many Cities, and ranging about the Country I for prey, as one day they lay difperfed in a Val- ley neartoAVej, Emire Haniz^e Miriz.e Eldeft Son to Mahomet the Perfian Sophy, came upon them una- wares with 1 2000 Horlemen, and ere they could put themielves in a pofture of defence, flew 1 5000 of them and took almoft all the reft Prifoners, and amongft them Abdilcherai Son as he pretended him- felf to the great Cham, who being fent Prifoncr to Cr.l'U The ThrhjJfj Hijlory, 83 I Cahiu the Regal feat of the Ferjhn Sophy-, fo won up- ■ on the favour of the King and Queen, but fpecially ‘ of the latter, who was faid to be more prodigal of ‘ her favours towards him then Rood with her ho- nour, and at the fame time Mahomet intending to match him to his Daughter, thereby to procure the Friendfhip of the great Tartarian Cham : it fo far mo- ved the Sultans or great men of the Court with en- vy that they flew him in the Palace, and at the lame time as many reported ftrangled the Queen, whom they found over familiar with him in his Chamber, but whether fo or not certain it is Ihe was never af- terwards feen. The Tartars Forces thus deflroyed, the Terror of the young P erf an Prince was lb great, that what by Stratagem and plain Force, he wrefted out of the Turks hands molt of the Cities they had before pof- felled. Inlbmuch that (the City of Derbent of which Ofman Balia was Governour Vv/ith the title of Vizar of Sirnan excepted) the Turks were driven out of all their ftrong places, nor was it long ere the Per- fian Sophy pradifed with Shahamel , Lord of the Mountain of Brm, whole Daughter Ofman had mar- ried to betray him and the City into his power, for that he was the onely man amongfl; the Georgians whom Ofman trulled, who won by the great pro- mifes of the Sophy, without any relpedlto the Turk as he was his Son-in-Law, undertook to gratifie him in his delire, but he carried not the matter fo dole but that his Daughter underltanding what palled, and more ftudious for the prefcrvation of her Hus- band, than furthering her Fathers purpofe, Iheftiil revealed all Ihe knew •, which lb inwardly perplex- ed Ofman that he refolved to prevent the Treachery of his Father-in-law by taking him out of the ways whereupon as his ufual manner v/as inviting him fo a F f z ^lema 84 Turkijh HiJiorj. folemn Fcaft with a chearful countenance he com- fc manded 500 of his Soldiers to be in a readinefs, and tl that as Toon as S ahamel was entered the Court off his fi Pallace to feize him, and after having cut of his Head to put all his followers to the Sword, which tl was accordingly put in execution, and not fo con- id tented, he fent out loco Horfemen to fpoil his tt Countrey, to the great aftonifliment of all the neigh- bouring Princes, but to the exceeding grief of the n Sophy who found his hopes fruftrated by the death t of Sahamel. The year following, 'uiz.. 1578. Jmitrath calling to him his Bafla’s, confulted what was further to be done in relation to the Perftan War ^ when after a long debate, it was upon mature deliberation re- ! folved that it was a matter of dangerous confequence to fend an Army into the heart of Perfia^ where they Ihould not only have a fierce Ejiemy to deal I with, but likewife many other difficulties, as hun- ger, overflowing of Rivers, pafling craggy Moun- tains and the like: But that it was therefore necef- fary, that by degrees they (hould pafs conquering on from the Borders ftill fecuring all at their backs, the care of managing which being referred to Mi- fiapha-, he fent into all the Heredatary Countries of the Empire, commanding the refpeftive Governours to fend him fbore of Pioners, and men skilled in Archited, as likewife a great number of themoft expert Souldiers, but efpecially thofe that had been disbanded the year before , upon notice of which great multitudes flocked to the fervice, who early in the Spring met at Erz,inm-y from whence they marched under the command of the Bafla to Charst a City on the Frontiers of Sirmn-, which in the late War had been demoliffied ^ yet now again Rebuilt and Fortified within the Ipace of 23 dayes, notwith- ftanding The TmkiJJ) Hijlorj. 85 ftanding the abundance of Snow that fell during their labouring therein, the which was no fooner finilhed but news came that the ftrong Caftle of Tefiis was befieged by the Perfians^ who had reduced the Garrifon to fo great a ftraight that through Fa- mine, they would be obliged to yield up the place if they were not fpeedily relieved. Upon which in great perplexity he fent Hafjan BalTa, Son to Maho~ met Principal Vizar of the Court, and Refum Cap- tain of the Adventurers with 20000 Horfe and Foot, furnilhed with Provilions and others Necellaries for the relief of the Befieged, who paffing the ftraits of Tomam^ were fet upon by 8000 Perftans under the leading of AHchU Cham and Simon two expert Captains, who in thole intricate mazes flew many of them, and took confiderable fpoil, which fo hightened them that within a while after letting upon the Turks, and thinking to have the like ad- vantage fell into their Ambulh, fo that molt of the Perfiam fell by the Sword or were taken Prifoners, and amongft the latter AUchU Cham ; wwhich gave Hajfan opportunity to march without further con^ troul to TeftU , where through Famine he found half the Garrifon loll, yet encouraging them in the bell wife, andltoring them with all manner of Pro- vifion and Warlike Munition, he having at their re- quelb difplaced Mahomet the Governour, and conlli- tuted Amet BalTa in his Head he was about to re- turn the fame way he came, but upon notice that Simon had Hrongly poflelfed himfelf of the aforefaid llraights, and barrocadoed them with his great Ar- tillery, he was wonderfully perplexed as difpairing of his fafe return , which AUchU perceiving pro- mifedupon conlideration that he would releale him, to Ihew him a way both plain and eahe, through which he might pafs without any danger from the F f 3 3^ The Tnrhjjh Hijiory. Terfians^ whereupon the Baflfa fwore to perform what he requefted ^ but afterwards, as is very ulual amongft thofe Infidels revoked his Oath excufing himfelf, by faying, it was not in his power to re- leafe any Prifoner taken in War without the confent of his General : of vrhich perfidious dealing Simon having notice , who before in confideration of the delivery of Alimli had winked at their pallage, he with his Light-Horfemen purfued hard after them, v/hen overtaking the Rear he charged them with fuch fury, that in great confufion they fled. In which flight a great number were flain and taken Prifoners with a great booty, efpecially the Trea- fure of the Balia, and of Refnan Captain of the Ad- venturers, which lofs fo fenfibly afflided Mnjiapha that upon notice thereof he broke up his Army, not thinking it convenient to attempt any thing further that year, and foon after he being difcharged of his Generallhip was called home, where upon his arri-, val at Court, he was accufed by Sinan Bafla, for negleding the Emperours affairs, wafting his Trea- fure in unneceffary buildings, and rather giving the Enemy caufe to contem.n the Ottoman Forces, then to fear their Prowefs. Thefeand many other fuch like complaints being exhibited againfl him fo incenfed Amurath^ that he refblved he fhould be flrangled in order to which he fent his chief Gentleman Porter, attended on by fifteen others to the Baflas Pallace, but the crafty old blade being forewarned of what was intended againfl; him, caufed himfelf for a long time to be de- nyed, but when the meflengers impatient of delay, urged that he moft and fnould render obedience to the Emperors warrant (which they then produced) they were admitted to his prefence, but firuftrated ' - of The Tiirljjli Hijiory. 87 1 of their defign, by a Guard that inclofed the Bafla with 1 weapons, forbidding any accefs further then a circle ; made for that purpole , which they perceiving, thought it no time to put their delign in pradice, but rather to intreat him by fair means to epme to Court, which he refufiiig, they prelented him one of the Emperors Letters, in which he commanded him that if he would not come in perron,yet to fend his Chancellor and Treafurer, to give up their accounts, , I and to anfwer to the accufation againfr him and them, to which he confented,upon promife that they fhould not be prejudiced thereby, yet upon their arrival i they were lent prifoners to the Tower called jadicula.} i but by the Mediation of certain Great Ladies of the i Court, bribed with Jewels of Extraordinary price, the Baffas peace being made, and he coming into the Emperors prefence, all was blown aver, and his two Minifters let at liberty, without any further exami- j nation. ■ • i During thefe pailages the Great Vizar Balfa Muh-^ I wjer was ftabb’d in the Divaf/obY a private Souidier, I whom he had bereaved of his Penhon, got at tlie price of his long fervice in the wars, for which the laid fouldier was put to death with molt exquifite Torments, in whofe place Miifinfha Balfa laboured tobechofenas his right by courle, bxiit Amur at h'm- wardly difpleafed with his proceedings, rejedted his fute, and fent the feal to Sroan Baff'-, whom he alfo made General for the Terfian war,, who preparing a great Army marched to the Frontiers, and there expedted the fuccefs of Maxut Chan the Perjian Am- balfador then arrived at Ccnfiatitwofle to fue for peace, but not obtaining his defire on iuch Articles as he infi- lled on, both Potentates prepared fora refolute and vigorous war, the one to offend, and the other to de- fend, during which time Ms/fiafha Baffa dyed at Co-n- * F f 4 ftaminof.Sy 88 Tfx Turkjjh Hijlorj. ftantimfe-, fuppofed either to have been poyfbned by the command of or elfe that to prevent the fate of ftrangling he had poifoned himfelf. The Perfian Ambaflador being returned to his Ma-^ fter, and giving him to underltand that there was no peace to be had with the Turk unlels he would peace- ably deliver into his polTeffion the Country of Sirum^ and that himfelf being taken for a Spye in theTurk- ifh Court, was glad to give ^murath great hopes of obtaining his delire, to prevent death or impri- fonment, yet that it remained at the pleafure of the King whether he would Hand to any thing that had been by him propofed ^ for which good fervice of MexHtChaii t\\QSo])hy made him Great Trealiirer of Tanris-, which at that time was Governed by Emir Chau his mortal enemy, who fought by all the means he could to deftroy him ^ wherefore declining to go thither in perfon, he officiated his Office by his Deputy, of which 'Lmir taking hold of as a fit opportunity to work his deftrudtion, lecretly indu- ced the Sophy to believe that he held lecret corref- pondence with the Turks, and for that reafon lay hovering on the Frontiers, placing a bale fellow as his Deputy to officiate lb great a Trull which was not a little dilhonour to the Majelly of the Perfian King*, whereupon the gave him power to feize Mexut Chau and moll of his principal fervants, and by Torture to wring out of them the truth of the matter. Glad was Emir to have fo fair an opportunity to deftroy Mexut^ and thereupon without further de- lay lent fifteen ftout fellows to Cafiangich Mex^ts place of abode to fetch him and his fervants by force, who arriving there, and having admittance to his prelence, he prornifed to gowith them, and gave to pch of them a prefent , ordering his Steward to make Tie HiJierj. make them merry, whilft he prepared himfelf to accompany them to their Lord but with iecret command to make them drunk, which his Steward fofuddenly effeded, that Vv'ithinan hours fpace they fell faft afleep, which Maxut perceiving, taft bound them with ropes, and throwing them into a deep well, with all his family fled to the J Bajfa^theti with his Army on the Frontiers, who upon notice of what had happened kindly received him. Sivan BaJfahzYiVig ftayedat Chars with theTurk- ifh Army eight dayes, he by ealie marches came to 7>/A, having the way loft many of hisForragers cut off by the Georgian Horfemen, but arriving at the place aforefaid he was recruited out of Syria and Jh- deay and having diftributed part of his Treafure amongft the Souldiers, and fee all things in order, * he with his Army departed thence \ when pafling the Strait of Tomanify he had notice from Mujiaffad (afterwards Governor of yUeppo) that notfardiftant on the right hand,were leveral fields of ftanding Corn and Herds of Cattle grazing flenderly guarded, which the Bafla induced to believe, fent the faid Majiafsad with a ftrong power to feize upon that booty, of which his Army ftood fb much in need, but they were no fooner within danger, but the Terfians and Georgians burft outupofl them in great numbers, putting them on every fide to flight, whom they purfued fo fiercely that feven thouiand of them were flain, many taken Prifoners, and all their Cammels and other beafts of burthen ta- ken, of which Sivany having notice, in a great rage difpatched the Bafla of C aramania,\N\th twenty thou- iand horfe and foot to purfiie the Ferfians^ after whom himfelf followed with the whole Army, but too late, for that perceiving from a high mountain what was intended had withdrawn themfelves, yet 90 i he TnrlJJJ} Hijtory, yctfomeftraglers fell into the Turks hands, part of whom they flew, and part they faved alive ^ yet the Turks holding on their *way came to Triala^ where they underftood that the Perfian King being depart- ed from Taitrh^ was coming againffc them with a great Army, refolving to give them battle, upon which Sinan gave Ariel: command throughout his Ar- my, that every man on pain of death Ihould be in a readinefs to March, he refolving to meet the King on his way ^ after which he defeended into the large Plains of ChicUer-, where a former battle had been fought between the Turks and the Perfiam^ where not hearing of the Kings approach, after having muAered his Army, he refolved to March to Tan- ris to inrich himfelf with the fpoiles of that City,but by the way under pretence of trying his men, he cau- fed a counterfeit battle tobe fought amongA his own Sonldiers, as in cafe of a General muAer, which ever after rendred him a by-word to his Souldiers, and loytering in the aforefaid plains for the fpace of eight dayes *, in the mean fpace Aider the Aaa as an Arnbaflador from the Perfian King came to his Camp, oAering in the name of hisMaAer fuch propofols as APa.vurhad before done Q.tConfia?ni'/2ople-, which were that Chars and Tefhs fliould be quietly pofleffed of the Turks^ that fo a good correfpondence might be continued between the Subjects of both Potentates, for accorapliAiing of this deiired peace, Sman pro- mifod to deal with Amurath., provided the Perfian would fond an Ambalfodor to Conifantimple-i which being refolved on, the proud EaAa returned to and from thence departed to Erz,irum , where he difmilfod his Army, having done nothing worthy the name of a General. In the year 1581 Amurath caufed his fon APahomet to be circumcifed after the Hebrew manner j in ho- nour The Turkjjl} HiJlorj, nour of which folemnity he made a feafl; which con- tinued with fhews and fports, for thefpaceof forty days, where all, or molt of the Chrillian and A'faho- metan Princci Amballadors were pref=nt^andaraongft them the Ambafiador of Perfa-, whom AmHrath (after fuffering miany affronts to be put upon him) caufed to be imprifoned with all his Retinue, fo ftraightly, that though one hundred of his fervants dyed of the Plague, yet much adoe had he to get hirafelf remov- ed to ErzSrHm. This hard handling of the Ambaf- fador made the conceived hopes of Peace to vanifh, inlbmuch that either Potentate prepared for war, when as A)n»rath not well liking the proceedings of Sinan^ conftitutcd Mahomet Baffa^ nephew to Mnfia- pha BaJJ'a deceated, which choice Sinan greatly in- veighed againft, though all in vain ^ for early in the fpring,he taking charge of the Army defigned for the Perfian war, departed homErz^iram accompanied with the Balfa’of Crr-awrc, carrying with him great ftore of provifion, and a huge mafs of mony, but fuch was his bad fortune that in his way to Tefhs, paffmg a River his Army was routed by the Perfians and Georgiam-, and molt; of his bell Souldiers flain or taken prifo- ners, a great part of the mony and provifion, fell likewife into the hands of the enemy ^ fo that not having fufficient to relieve the Garifon, hardly op- prelfed by famine, he had much adoe to perfwade the Souldiers to continue in it , and exceedingly to ftraighten his difeomfited Army to fupply that place with mony and provifion-, all which calamity being fuppofed to ‘happen by the Sinifter Council of one Mttjiapha a Renagate Georgiaa^ then in the Turks Cam.p, who was more then fufpefted to hold corref- pondence with his Country,whereforey^ ries over the Tartars was become famous) appoint- ' h ed General in his ftead, and made chief Vizar ; (The o greateft honour that can be conferred on any per- fon by the Ottoman Emperors.) And now Amarath ■ 1 calling in his mind the fubduing of Tanrisj caufed a i } great Army to be raifed, and the better to makft ^ [» the Perfian negledl the Fortifying of that City,cau- ^ i; fed it to be bruted that he intended to invade Najfi- i van-^ but whilfc thele preparations were intended i againft the Perfians^ the Villany of a Venetian Cap- tain had gone near to turn them upon the Chrillian, the manner thus. The Widovt^ of Ramadan Balia late Governour of Tripolu in Barbary^ with her Children and Servant being imbarqued in three Gallies , in order to their being tranfported to Confiantinople, failing by the mouth of the Adriatick^wereby con-* trary Winds driven into the Gulf where, Petrus Emimius a Venetian Captain , of the order of the Senators, lying with certain Gallies fet upon thofe before mentioned 'and boarded them, where he exercifed moll barbarous cruelty, as well upon the Women as the Men. For having flain the Mariners in number 250, and the Son oi Ramadan, j a Child in his Mothers lap, he caufed the Women firil to be Ravilhed, and then having their Brealls cut off to be call into the Sea ■, nor did he exercile this cruelty upon the Turks oneiy, but upon fuch Chrillians likewife as he found on board, uling fuch 1 ‘barbarity as was thought to prevent the dilcovery of the great Riches he found in thofe Gallies. Yet . was-it afterwards made manifell by one of the Turks, 1 who during the daughter had hid himfelf in the » hold, and was afterwards faved by a Cretian, who had in like manner been formerly preferved by the faid The Hijiory. laid Turk, who coming to Conftaminople declared what had happened, which ib enraged jimurath that he lent to the F metians fpecdily to make reparation or to exped their Frontiers to be invaded.' To which the Senators anfwered, they were altogether Ignorant of what had happened, but if fo as the MelTengers related, upon enquiry, reparation Ihould be made, which being found according to the re- lation of the Turks, they caufed Emm to be be- headed, the Gaily to be reltored, and to fupply the lofs of the Haves delivered them a like number of Turks and Moors, which for that time appeafed the indignation of Jimnrsah. j^mnrath anno 1585. having conllituted Haffan Balia the Queens Eunuch Governour of after*- wards calling his Eyes upon BalTa, zSclavo- nian about 23 years of Age, refolved to make him his Son-in-law, and to raile him to a condition worthy fo great an honour as to marry the Daugh- ter of an Emperour, he made him foveraign Judge of Egyft, of whicli HaJJan having notice, and by realbn of the fuddain advancement of £braimj doubting his fafety fled to ConJlantinoplej and fell at the Emperours feet, defil ing to know what crime he had committed to haveaMafter fo fuddainlyfet over him , but had no other anfwer then that he mull to Prifon, where after he had continued a long time Hill expefling the fatal hour, he was at the earnell intercelfion of the Emprefs, and the great Ladies of the Court fet at Liberty, but all his riches feizedand converted to the Emperours ufe. Ebraim being fettled in his Government oiEgyptf by extorting great fumms of money from :he Egypti- ans and other people fubjeft to his rule, in a Ihort time heaped up great Riches, when at the Ciid of three years Amiirath fent for him to Conjl-.minoflc^ O g to 98 The TurJ^ip Hijiory, to ^lebrate the intended Marriage, charging him withal to pafs through the Countrey of the Drujians^ a people inhabiting a large Countrey invironed with Jop^a , Ci^faria-i Palefiina , and within the Rivers Or antes and Jordan-, ftretching it felf even to the Plains of Damafco near to the Hills that compafs it aboiiti upon the Coall of Mount Libanm., and are faid to be the race of thole Chriftians that feated themlelves there in the time that the Princes of the Weft lent their Armies to fubdue the Holy Land, but have lince bin perverted to the Alahometan Super- ftition, and at the coming of Ebraim into thole parts with his Army, they were divided under many Prince of which theft were the chief, viz., Ebne of the Turks called man OgU,Serafadin,Mahamet Ebne-Manfur, Eben Free, and Ebne-Carfas, by the Turks called .AH Carfus-OgU , under whom were divers Lieutenants called their Macademi or Agents, all of which except Eben ManOgU, upon the arri- val of the Bafl'a fent him rich Prefents j whereupon he enfwing the Countrey of the faid Ogli wafted it with '^iVe and Swords which made the reft of the Princes exceeding angry, and underhand to fend aid to their Compere, with which incamping himftlf advantagioully, he fell upon Veis Bafla who lead a part of the Turks Army and difeomfited him, put- in'g 500 of his Men to the Sword, and carrying a- w'ay a rich booty, which fo inraged Ebraim that he ufed his utmoft diligence to intrap the aforefaid Prince, but finding no means to elftd the fame, he began with fair Promifes and Prefents, to corrupt his AJatademes, one of which together with 30Q Drufians, he got into his power, whom in revenge cf Feis his overthrow he can fed to be Head alive, \ and all his followers flain, and again raged with Fire and Sword throughout the Countrey, when after- The Tnrkij!) Hijlory, 99 afterward' by diflimulation and feigned Frlendfhip, he got 'Eben Mmfnr into his power, whom he caufed to be fall chained and fent to the Gallies, after which he took the Ipoil of his Countrey, and afterward with a great Booty returned to Confiaminople, where he was in triumph received by his Friends, amongft whom he bellowed Liberally the Ipoils taken from the Drftfiansj even to the value of one Million of Ducates, and loocoo Siiltanies. But upon his de- parture out of the Driijians Countrey, they joyning with the Arabian to revenge the injuries themfelves fullained, entered the Turks Confines and commit- ted many outrages, burning and deftroying all be- fore them, not in their anger fparing Man, Wo- man or Child, pairing on even to the Gates Qijeni- falem^ being alfilted covertly by the Sub-BalTa of Bethlehem^ who difpleafed with the rule of Ebraim-t watched his opportunity to revolt to the Enemy, but was prevented by being llain, alive at the Com- mandment of one of the Sanzaks of Jury. Whim affairs Hood thus in Egypt and the Dmftans Land, Ofman had compleated his Army at Erz^imm, which upon Muller was found to confill of 180000 choice Souldiers, with which on the nth. of Ah- gn(l 1585. he marched toward keeping on his way till he came into the vaft Chalderan-, memorable for many Battles fought therein between the Turks and Per(ianst where llraitncd for want the Soldiers mutined againll him, upbraiding him with many re- proachful words, and threatning him wdth death, for that as they faid contrary to his promife he had drawn them into a place of danger to become a prey to the Enemy ^ at which the Balia being much perplexed fent for the Captain, and by telling them it was the Sultans exprefs Command, and that he did not in the left doubt but to become vidorious; G g 2 and ICO TleTi/rkiPj FiJiorj. and therefore prayed them to reft contented, and not Eclipfe their honour by their civil diflenfions amongft themfelves, which would rather give the En- emy advantage againft them then any thing elle, and that if it was given out upon the railing the Army, that it was intended for that fpecious pre- tence was as he faid to render the Per/tan more fecure, and thereby to hinder his great preparations. Thele and fuch like fpeeches , together with a finall di- ftribution of money calmed the Tempeft the Mutiners had raifed, and thereupon the Army riling pafled on towards Cay ^ from thence to Marant a City Subjed to the Perfians^ and fo keeping their way came within light of Tauns the mark at which they aimed, upon which propofing to themfelves a kind of fecurity, the Van of the Army fell tolpoil- ing the Countrey , and feizing upon what bell liked them , keeping little or no order in their March, of which Emir MahumetsEld- eft Son perceiving, with loooo Horfemen lay in Ambulh in a way where they m.ift pafs, and having got them within his danger, burft out upon them with fuch fury that he overrun that part of the Ar- my, put 7000 to the Sv;ord, and carrying away a number of Prifoners, and fo with great fpoil retired ere the giofs of the Turks Army could come up. Yet Ofman upon notice of what had happened, lent Mahomet BalTaand the Balia of Caramite zher him, the vidorious Prince with 14 Horfe and Foot, who by fpeedy Marches overtaking him had with him a bloody conflid, in which dcoo Turks were flain, nor had any efcaped had not the darknefs of the night caufed the retreat on both fidcsto be founded- TIic next Morning the Turks Camp removed, and came within tv;o Tdilesof vihere Miculi Chan of whom 1 have before Ipoken was Governour, who roi The Tinkjjl) Hijlory. who defirous to revenge himfelf upon the perfidious Turks iflued out of the City with about 5ooo refolute Pf?*y/d«j,and charging thofe that were advanced beat them back into their Trenches with great llaughter, but upon the opening the Tires of Ordnance, and advancing of the Janizjines , finding himfelf not capable of incountering fuch a multitude he retired into the City, after whom the Turks in a confufed manner prclled, but in the enterance fo ftrongly refilled, that the pafiages were filled with their dead carkalles , and all the Ditches fv/um with their blood, but frelh fiipplies coming on and the City Walls no way built for defence, badly furnifhed with Defendants, and worfe with Ordnance, at length the Turks entered, fpoiling with incredible barbarity that great City tl e Regal feat of the Perfian Kings. Yet fuch companion wrought in the bread: of ofmm the General, that he caufed Procla- mation to be made, that upon pain of death none fhould kill any that made not reliftance, and when the tumult was over came himfelf to take a view thereof, and gave Orders tor its Fortification, fend- ing out partys daily to reduce the other places ad- jacent to the Turkifh obedience, and fo fpeedy were they in Fortifying, that within the fpace of 36 days a Itrong Callle was erected. Five dayes after the building of the new Caftle was began, even when the Taimfuns thought them- felves fecure, news was brought into the Turkifh Camp that 8 JanUarits and divers Spaogliajis were feen drangled in a Bath, within the City of T.j.ww, whereupon the Zant Spahini and janiz^arics in a great rage went to the Generals Pavilion, telling him that although he had with too much clemency gi- ven Order that none fhould moled or hurt thzTau- nfians, and that according to his pleafure every G g 3 man 10 2 The Turh^ijh Hijlory, man had ufed his modefty towards them, and obedi- ence to him, yet the Tanrifians themfelves had molt audacioufly ftrangled ieveral Janiz.aries and Spaogli- ans^ which injury and infolcncy they laid was not to be fufFered. This outrage (whether true or on- ly railed by llich as defired to fatisfie their inordi- n ate lulls, is uncertain) fo moved the BalTa, that without any further delay hecommanded the City to be facked, leaving it wholly to the difcretion of theSouldiers, who like hell-hounds greedy of blood run with full cry into the City, filling every place with daughter of the amav.ed Tanrifians^ Matrons were Ravifhed, Virgins defloured, young Children dafhed againll the pavement, houfes fired, and other outrages committed that are commonly attendants upon fuch General calamities^ fo that it was a mi- iery almoll inexplicable to behold that City fo po- pulous, fo rich, honoured with the Palace of the Perfan Kings, now fubjeft to the fury of the Turks plunged in calamity and utter dellruction. The outrages committed in Tawk coming to the knowledge of the Perfim King he was greatly of- fended, inlbmuch that he refolved with the hazard of a Battle, to revenge the indignity, of whofe ap- proach Ofman who then lay fick in his Pavilion haveing notice. Command Sinan Bafla and Mahumet Balia Ihould with all the Greek Soldiers, and others, to the number of 74000 Ihould go out and meet the Enemy, who by the craft of the forerunners of his Army drawing the Turks within his ftrengths, had with them there a mortal Battle, wherein 10000 of their Souldiers were flain, and the two Balia’s in great confufion obliged tolly to the Camp, leaving moll of their Inligns , and all their baggage as a ey to the Perfians : who hightned with this fiic- - fs advanced within fight of the Turks Camp fend- The Turh^f) Hiftory^ 5.03 ing aHerauld to the fick General to demand of Mm Battle, of which accepting though not ab|e,tp be there prelent, when as Battle being joyned, after a long and doubtful light vidory inciintd to the Ver- fians-t who in the end Hew 20000 of the Turks, and amongft the reft the BalTa’s of Caramite and Trefe- zofid-, the San::,aci^ of Brujta. , with five other San- z.acksf and among the Prifoners were taken, rath Bafia of Caramama , and divers other of note. Upon news of this bad fuccefs, the General fear- ing to have his Array wafted to nothing by conti- nual skirmilhes in a ftrange Countrey, having Fortifi- ed Tauris^ and made Bafia Tripoli s QovQr- nour, he was about to decamp, when on a fuddain the neighing of Horfes, the noifc of Drums and Trumpets were heard, which putting the Army in- to a great confternation, and foon caufed them in great confufion to run all to that fide, where they fuppofed the nolle was, when in the mean while Emir the Perjian Prince on the other fide, vvithout any found of Trumpet, or beat of Drum, with 28000 Souldiers entered their Camp, took 1 8000 Camels laden, whom he lent away by 6000 of his Souldiers, and then charging furioufiy upon fuch as he found, infomuch that after a hard Battle fought 20000 Turks lay fcattered on the Plain, many of which were flain by their own Artillery, which by Ofma»s Command being furioufiy difcharged at the Armies, the naurthering fhot made lanes before them without difcerning between Friend and Foe, but night coming on, and the Perftans weary with flaugh-' ter retired, and were for a while faintly purfued by the Turks. Ofman lying all this while Tick in his Pavilion, fore afflifled .with the Bloody FIu.k, and hearing G g 4 what 104- Turkijl} Hijiory. what havockthe Terfians had made died, the grief of fo great a lofs haftening his ecd. Yet was his death for a long fpace kept fecret kail thereby the Army fliould be difcouraged, which now was re- turning under the leading of Smart ( or Ctcala as fome called him ) BalTa, Ofman in his Will having delivered to him the charge of the whole Army. Yet the Ts^fian Prince with 14000 liorle and Foot followed them -at the heels, kill cutting of the Hraglers, and had utterly deftroyed them had not his delign been difcovered, which obliged him to retreat with the lofi of 3000 of his Men ^ lb that by long and tedious marches, the Turks wafted Ar- my arriving, the ^ nn after the publication of the Generals death were difcharged, all but a certain number retained, who under the leading of Daut Chan a Renegado Per/tan^ were fent to the relief of Teflis^ which without any lofs they performed. Now the Gaftle built in Tauris much grieved the Perjians^ to take which they ufed their utmoft en- deavour, but it being ftrong of it felf, and defend- ed by a ftrong Garrifon their attempts proved un- luccefsful. When at the fame time great mifchief arole in the Kingdom of Perfia-, for 10000 Turcomans a people bordering upon the Georgians^ and refol- ving to revenge themfelves for the death of Emir Chari offered their fervice to the Perfian Sophy^ un- der the leading of their two Captains, Mahomet Chan and Calife Chan., to whom the Sophy as a pledge of his love and their fafety delivered T amas his young Son, whom they had no Iboner got into their power but they proclaimed him King of Per- fia, and in all haft marched towards Casb'iu the Re- gal City in hopes to furprize it, and feat young Ta- mas, on his Fathers Throne of which the Sophy and his eldeft Son having notice purfued hard after them The TitrkiJ!) Hijtory. 10^ them when overtaking them at a place called Cali- Jlez.aj a dayes journey on this llde Cashing the Prince gave them Battle , and after a dangerous and doubtful conflidt put them to flight. In which they being fwiftly puriiied the two rebellious Cap- tains were taken, and by the Kings Command had their heads ftricken off, young TamM being like- wife taken was fent Prifoner to the Callle of Ca- hacay thofe that efcaped the Battle fled to Solyman Bafla of Babyloriy which put an end to the Rebel- lion. GiafferB^.^z. Governour of Tattris after the de- parture of the Turkilh Army underllanding that the Perftan Prince was Levying a great Array to Beliege the City, fent an Exprefs to Sinon or chU Baffa to fend him Aid, for the defence of the City and Caftle, the which by reafon of the flight of feme and death of otherfome of his men, mult otherwife fall into the hands of the Enemy •• now notwithftanding great preparation for that pur- pofe were made, they could not be put into the City, by reafon of the near approach of the Per- fan Army without manifefl hazard, of expofing them to the mercy of their Enemies. Yet it fo fell out that the Governour without any recruits maintained the City and Callle, the Perfiam not being fo urgent for the recovery of the fame as was expeded. Upon notice of death, Amurath chofe Fe- rat Bajfa once more his General, who departing from Conjlantinople in the month of April 158(5, and palled over into Afta^ where having compleated his Army at Sinasy upon notice that Tauris was in danger, he marched thitherward, though with great caution the enemy Ihould charge him at unawares, and by reafon lo6 The TurkjjJ) Hjjlory. reafon of the diflenfions arifen araongft: the Perfian Captains fent to oppofe him, and the Treafon of AH- culica/i, now alienated from his Prince, and holding fecret correfpondence with the Tuykijh General, he without any lofs relieved Imris^ and having caulhd a ftrong Fort to be built at Churchine^ near unto the faid City, and two others at Coy and Carny and left therein fufficient Garrifons, and ftoreof provifion, he fent fuccoursto in and fo with lit- tle or no lofs returned to Er 'z,irHm. By this time the PerTanVnn.cc(yvho 2nd Mahomet his father, now grown old, ruled the Kingdom^ had notice of the Treafon of Aliatli Chau-, and £- wan^Hli Chany whom he had drawn into his confede- racy, he prepared his Forces to march againftthem, whereupon the latter fubmitted, and was received into favour, but howfoever it happened, whether with his knowledge or not, the Prince the chief glo- ry of Perfia fleeping in his Pavilion, was by an Eu- nuch run through the body, fuppofed to be done at the inftance of Abas Miriz,a his younger brother, to advance whom to the Verftan Diadem, AUchU Chany had revolted from the obedience of the So- phyy and plotted v;ith the Turkilh General to betray Emir Hamz.es the Prince into his hands, whole death lb unfortunately happening, caufed great miferies to befall the Perlian State. Chriftendom having thus long been Exempted from the fury of the Turks y who had their hands full of the Perjian war, now as it were, deftiny fo ordering, they having time to breath by reafon of the divifions in Per(iaytmned their reftlefs Arms upon Hmgariay which ftorm the Chriftians perceiving, to hang black over their heads, refolved to provide againft it ^ and therefore to Khow the Tyrant, that they I The TnrkjJfj Hijlory. 107 « ' they dreaded not his utmoil indignation, feized on '* the Caftle of Cnppan in llmg^iry^ not far from the ! Lake of Ballaton over which being hard frozen, they ' paired undifcovered ; to requite which, the Turks a drawing five thoufand horfe out of leveral Garrir « fons, entered the Chriftian Territories, and de- t llroying feventeen Villages , returned laden with » great fpoils, and many miferable Captives, whereof G eorge Count Serine Son to the renowned Count of that name, flain at Ziget, having knowledge, railed fuch Forces as the time would give leave, which ex- ceeded not two thoufand, and laying the wayes by which the Turks mull pafs, encountrcd them ere ' they could recover any ftrong hold, and put moll of themto the fword, recovering all the booty and Captives *, amongft thole that were made prilbners the Sanz^aek^ of QninqHe Ecdefne-, Ion to Haly Bafs, flain in the Battle of Lepmto ^ the Baffa of Ziget^ Sanz.acl{of Koppan^ nnd divers others, Sinan BegSan- z,at\ of Mohaz.^ endeavouring to efcape , and his horfe flicking fall, was Ihot through the head •, of the Turks horles were taken, fifteen hundred, and of the Turks five hundred, belides three thoufand flain. This bad beginning fo difcouraged Zm^rath, that in a rage he cauled the Bajfa of Bnda to be ftrangled, for that he had began the hoflilities in Hungary-^ and by that means violated the League be- tween him and the Emperor j at what time a great fire happened at which confumedfeven Temples, twenty five great Inns, and fifteen thou- fand houles, with their warehoules and fhops, kind- led as was fuppoled by the Janizaries a little before, in a tumult for want of their pay, due iince their lafl Verfim Expedition ^ which was the rather be- lieved, for that it being their duty to endeavour the extinguilhing any fire that Ihould happen in the Im- lOo Ihe lurkJjh hijtory. perial City; They not only refufed to put their hands thereto themlelves but hindred fuch as at' tempted it. Thefe things hapning in ^nm 1 587 and 1 588, the year following to prevent tumults which are uliial where the fouldiers are unimployed in the wars, the new BalTa of with yimuraths goo&Wkmg-, ha- ving drawn to him a ftrong power, invaded the up- per Hungry but being encountered by Claudim Ruf- General of the Chriftians in thofe parts , he received a great overthrow, three thoufand of his Turks being flain and drowned in the River ^ upon which the General purfuing his good fortune, broke into the Turks Territories, and took from them the Caftles of Blavejhne^ Gefles-, and feveral Forts in the upper Hungary ^ upon which Sinan Bafla of Buda was called home, and Femr the late Ge- neral againft the Perfians appointed Balia in his ftead. Amurath having i.ot a little been terrified with the great preparations of King Phillip of Spain, in 1588, wherev7ith he invaded England, and now^ underllan- ding that he had received a fearfull overthrow, with the lofs of thirteen thoufand of his Marriners and Souldiers, and moft of his Ihips and Gallies i he lent a I.etter to Qiteen EHz.abeth to congratu- late her happy vidory, and to intreat her not upon any terms to make peace with the Spaniard, in which Letter he ftiles her the moft honourable Ma- tron of theChriftian Religion, Mirror of Chaftity, adorned with the brightnefs of Soveraingty, and power amongft the moft chief women of the people, which ferve Jefus, Miftrisof great Kingdoms, re- puted of Greateft Majefty and Praife amongft the Nazarites *, Eliz.abeth C^een of England. Anno The Turk^J!) Hijlcry. lo^ 1590 the Tartars having broken into the confines of Pohnia^ and taken a rich booty, were driven out by the Cojfacksj who making of them great flaughter, recovered all, which ^mnrath ta- king in evil part as done to his confederates, but in- deed feeking occalion to war upon the Chriftians, that had not the Queen of Englands mediation pre- vented it, he had turned his Arms upon Pohnia ^ yet irnpatient of Peace he called his Balias to confulc what war was molt expedient to be taken in hand, amongfl; whom there were eight fundry opinions, whereof the firft was that the wars againft the Ptr- Jtans Ihould be renewed, the fecond for the Invafion of the Kingdoms of Fefs and Morocco^ the third was for a war to be taken in hand againft the King of Sf/airtj The fourth for the befieging of lAalta^ The fifth, to war upon the Tenetiatis^ Thelixth to invade Italy, the feventh, to war upon Sigifmmd King of Poland, The eighth and laft to invade the Territo- ries of Rodfflphfis the Emperor ■, all which being pa- tiently heard by Amurath, with the fundry reafons of the BalTas: at length, the eighth opinion was confirmed, and the Tyrant refolved once more to turn his Forces towards the Weft, Whereupon he caufed great preparations to be made, relolving if polTible to annex the remaining part of Hungary and Aaflria, to his other Territories, having by this time and for this purpole concluded a war with the Perfian King, wherefore he commanded his Garrifons on the Fron- tiers as they faw occalion to moleft the Chriftian Frontiers, with fire and (word, which they letted not to do, prone enough of themfelves to ad any great wicked nefs, nor was it long c’r they furprized the Metropolis ol Ccatta, and committed therein many outrages, and their Army ftill increaf- ing, they upon an unexpeded advantage inclofed 6000 no The Turkijb Hifiory, (JoooFoot, and 500 Horfe of the Chriltians (who had taken the Mountaines, Woods and Straight paflages, and ib hardly belet them that few of them efcaped j thole that were llain the Turks cut off* their heads and therewith loaded fix Waggons. Upon this Alanim the Chrillians drew forth their Armies, and to put a flop to the Infidels, who by reafon of the unexpedted breach of the League had leized upon many Caftles and Strong holds, in that fecurity unprovided of fiich necelTaries as would have rendered them impregnable, and lealt Amu- rath Ihould alledge that thofe Hollilities were com- mitted without his knowledge, the Emperour lent to him by his Ambafiadors to underltand the reafons that induced him to break the League, but being able to get no fatisfadory anfwer, he thought it high time to Hand upon his guard, and cauled all his power joyned with Forces of the German Princes to march diredly into Hungary^ under the Command of Rupenm Eggenber his General, who approaching the Enemy confidted with his chief Commanders what was belt to be done, who were all of opinion that to give fpeecly Battle was molt convenient, thereby to prevent the Enemies for joyning the other Forces, coming to their Aid, fo that upon a fign given the whole Army (in number 4C000) forthwith removed and with great Ipeed hailed toward the Turks, of which they having notice by their Efpials , put themlelves in Battle Array, and after their vain glorious manner dreamt of nothing but the fpoil of the Chriltians, whom they already concluded overthrown by reafon of the difpropertion of number, they being indeed much inferiour in that nature to the Infidels. Yet had the Emperours General fo ordered his Battles,^ that placing the Crotians and Hnjfars in the Vaunt- guard, The Turkip Hijiory. Ill guard, tliofe of Caroljlat and the Harqttihuftres of Ke- riva in the Left wing. In the Right the Borderers of Carania all Horlemen in the main Battle, the reft of the Souldiers with the Horlemen of SHefia^ under the condudt of Sigifmmd Paradife^ the Rereward was incompaffed with three Companies of the Era- perours Souldiers, nor were the Turk idle but Marlhalled their Battle in the belt wife, when as the Charge being founded the Crotiam and Hnjfars in the Vaunt-gard gave thefirft onfet with fuch fury, that being feconded by the Lord yJnersburgh, they after a cruel Fight obliged the Turks to give ground, and with Hajfan Bafla their General retire towards the River Odder-, after whom the Chrifti- ans following furioufly many endeavouring to lave themfelves by palling over were drowned , and thofe that ftayed in a fearful manner on the Banks overwhelmed by the continual Tempeft of Ihot, from the Flankers, fo that within three hours fpace all the Army was in a confulion, every man feeking for his own fafety, infomuch that 18000 Turks pe- rilhed, either by the Sword, or in the Rivers Odder and Kulp., and amongft the reft Hajfan Bafla, Ma- homet Beg., j4chmet Beg., Sajfer Beg, APeni Beg, Fra- mat an Beg, Curti Beg, Operd Beg and Gofchns the Balia’s chief Counfehr, together v/ith Sinan Beg, A- mnraths Nephew, the onely Son of his Sifter, after which lignal viftory obtained, the Chriftian Army falling on their knees gave Thanks to God, to whom alone they aferibed their miraculous prefer- vation. The news of which overthrow coming to the knowledge of Amnrath he like a frantick man blafphemed the God of Heaven , and perfwaded thereto by the tears and intreaties of his Sifter, to revenge the death of her Son, fent a proud and blafphemous denunciation of War to the Emperour Rod'J- II2 The TurI{iJI) Thjlory. Eodolphtti, wherein he ftiled himfelf, The onely Mo- narch of the Worlds a great and mighty G od on Earth., an invincible C afar, King of all Kings from the Ea(i unto the Weft, &c. and proceeded to threaten the faid Emperour and his People, with all the miferies that | attend on War, impioufly declaring that the Cm- | cified God of the Chriftians long fince dead and | ! buried, had not been able to deliver his own Conn- t' trey out of his hands, much lefs the Empire, which in defpite of him he was refolved to take, ' knowing himielf a fubverterandfworn Enemy of the Chriftians, and of all that called upon the name of f Chrift. And thereupon the more to terrifie the Chriftians, he fent a great Army under the Com- mand of Sinan Bafta their implacable Enemy, who • upon liis Arrival layed liege to Cifeg, which he took putting all he found therein to the Sword, and af- ter that took feveral other places of lefler note \ yet not without confiderable lofs, and breach of Faith to the befieged, who finding themfelves oft' too weak to defend places of little ftrength againft lb powerful an Enemy, would furrehder them upon promiie of Life and Liberty, but falling into the hands of the barbarous Infidels feldom obtained, either. , Thefe proceedings of the Turks did not a little alarum the Chriftian Princes, who having muftered 1 8000 Men under the Command of Count Hardech^ Governour of Rah, he with marching from Comara came before Jlba-Regalu , which by force of his Artillery he in a fnort time made faultable , to the relief of which the BafTa of Buda fent Sinan Bafla, with 20000 Horie and Foot, but he being encoun- tered by the Chriftians was put to flight with the lofs of moft of his men, whereupon as viftors the Chriftians returned to the liegc, but finding the fea- The TurkiJJ} Hijlory* II5 ion far advanced, and a great number of Turks that efcaped in the overthrow to be got into the City, the Count raifed his Camp and returned again to Rabj, but early in the Spring affifted by frelh fupplies the Emperours Captains dividing the Army, took the ftrong Caftle of Sabatzk^.-, the City of Fiieckj the Towns of Seetefchiiif BUncftine ^ and Salleck^^ the three latter being through fear abandoned by the Turks, having firib fet them for the moft part on Fire. At the fame time the Lord Palfie with a ftrong party marching to DregeT and Palavka found them likevvife abandoned by the Turks, the which having furnilhed with ftrong Garrifons of his own he took by force Ainacke-, Sellecke^ IVeJikee^ and divers other places, fo that the Turks were in a manner driven out of the Low'er Hungary'., and new Buda , and Alba-Regalis the onely Strong holds^ poflelfed by the Turks in thofe parts began to doubt their fecurity, for whilft a party out of the latter coming forth to bury the dead, that lay fcattered round the Walls, and by their contagion infedted the City, they were fo fuddainly incountered by a Captain of the Huffars^ Commanding a Troop of Light Horfemen, that near 200 of them were (lain, and 50 taken Prifoners. Thefe proceedings coming to the Ears of kmurath, and he from all hands certified that the ftrength of the Chriftians daily increafed, he began to doubt his Empire in Europe, and therefore to defend the lame raifed a puiflant Army anno 1594. at the head of which he refolved to march in peribn, a thing he had not done lincehis taking upon him the Govern- ment, but on the nth. of January, as the Army was upon its march , not far from ConjUntinople fuch a terrible Tempeft of Hail, Rain, Snow, Wind, Thunder and Lightning arofe, that by its impetu- H h tuofity 114 T}je T/irUJJ} HiJtorj'i \ tnofity it Overturned the Tents , Chariots, Wag- 1 1 gons, Horfe and Men, few being able to fiandnp- ! > right before it. The which the Tyrant taking as ominous to his proceedings, in great perplexity returned with his formidable Army to Cor/Jiaf2tt;i0ple, where calling hiinfelf upon his bed, after much tum.bling and tolling, falling aOeep he dreamed that li he beheld a man of exceeding Stature, Handing with ( one his feet upon the Tower of Cotiftmtimple^ and | ' the other over the ftraight lixed Oii the Jfim fhoar, ! ■ who flretching out his Arms held the Sun in one i hand and the Moon in the otlier, at whom whilll he was Vs^ondering the Monlter with his foot Itruck ! the Tow'er, which forthwith fell down, and in its ull overthrew the great leniple with the Imperial Palace-gvhoreThnnderingawaking the Turk he much troubled with the fu-angenefs of the dream imediatly lent for his Necromancers and Wizards to Interpret i it, who to curry favour with tlieir Prince hypocriti- cally anns'cred, That forasmuch as he had not with ;ill his Forces, as with a Tempeft impugned the Chririiians, their great Prephet Mahomet threatned by that dream to overturn the Tower, Temple, and Imperial Palace, which by a fyin!)oiicai mean- ing denoted tne Tnrkifn Religion and Empire.- which vain and iiditioris Interpretation fo moved the kipcriTtious Tvrant? that h.aving firll asked oardon of his Imr.o.Hcr Prophet, he fvvore from I'cnccrorth to turn all his Forces upon the Chriili- ans, and not to give over War till lie had done his utmoll to fubdue th.cm.Thcfe vain threats did not iaihe leall dilmay the CarnHian Princes, yet to in- gone a lure Friend on ti;eir theycaiTxl publique prayers to be put up in aji Churches, and that people might perceive on wdranAien-Jer and impious grounds the Tyrant, had rdblved the profecuti- on of rl-.cV.hm,’ had the vain Drc'in and the vainer Inivir- ' The TurhiJI) Eijiory. 1 1 5 Interpretation, read in the Churches of Trahfyha- nia and moft of the Hungary. The Chriltian Army having taken the Field, and a Prelent of the Turks fpoiles, taken fome time be- fore fent to Rodo'.fhm the Emperour , the Arch- Duke of u4uftria belieged Novograde , which after feveral alTaults was delivered by capitulation, in conuderation of Life and Liberty, which flrong Town after it had beenTurkilh for the fpaceof6o years, was by the Arch-Duke committed to the care of Lord Rebel a Noble Hungarian , and the Turkifh Governour upon his arrival at Buda was by the Balia’s Command imprifoned. Whiill thefe things were in doing the'Emperour fent his Embafladors to the great Duke of A-Jufcovyj the King of Poland-, and Prince of Tranfitvania, in all whofe Courts their Negotiation proved fuccefsful, nor in the mean time was the young Count Serinm idle, for that he with 300 Harquibufires, and cer- tain Troops of Horle, and Companies to the num- ber of looco took the Caltles of Brefenz.a., Sigefla and Babojlcha , by the recovery of which ftrong holds he opened a fafe pallage even to Ziget., the Balia of which Handing at that time in no fmall doubt to be belieged. Thefe things perplexing the Turkilh Tyrant, who was preparing great Forces for the fecuring his Province on this fide the Dami- biui, he in the mean while fent a Fleet into the Adriatick^ to beliege Zegna., an Imperial City, fei- tuatc upon the Sea Coall in the Bay of Quernero-, called in antient time Planaticm Sinus., in order to the prolecution of which he fent his Amballador to the Venetians to require the ule of their Ports in thole Seas, and that his Gallies might pals and re- pafs without any moleftation from the Gallics of that State, but the Senate doubting the fidelity of the H h 2 Turk Il6 Tie Turkjjl) Hijlory. Turk, and loath thereby to difoblige the Chriftian Emperour would by no means confent, yetufed the Ambaflador honourably, and feat him away witliout obtaining his purpofe. In the Upper part of Hmgaria, the Lord T and about Nine Thoufand Five Hundred of his Turks were flain. And the other over another Balia that fucceeded him, upon which they fenttothe Arch- Duke to receive them and their Countrey into the Emperours protedlion, and that in conlideration thereof they would main- tain Ten Thoufand Men in the Field, whole Propo* fals were by the Imperial General accepted. About this time the Emperour the better to con- fiilt the defence of his Provinces, called a Diet at Ratisbonc, where in the alTembly of the G (rman Prin- ces, he declared how matters Itood, and repeated the manifold injuries he had fultainedby the Turks, contrary to the League made with jimurath^ and that amongll the reft he contrary to the Law of Nations had imprifoned Frederick^Cr^ckovitz. his Am- ballador firft at Conjlantinople^ and cauled the greatr eft part of his followers to be thruft into the Gal- lies, and afterwards to have fent him with a few of his attendants to Belgrade , and thereto have kept him in prifon till he ended his dayes. To re- venge which indignities thofe daily offered , and llich as were like to enfue from the great Army at hand, he delired the Princes to confider a mol]; Ipecdy way, and not by delay to indanger the great- eft partof Chrifiendoms falling into the hands of the mercylefs Enemy. To which the Elcftoral Princes after a due confldcratiojjo rcpiyed, That they had 1 1 8 ' ; ” ’ ’ - ■ The Tnrkjp Hijlory, 1 a regard to his Imperial ^lajcfty, and for the pro- I iervatioti of Hungary^ and others his Hereditary j ^ Countries , as alfo for reprelhng the fury of the Turks, yet by reafdn of the late dearth, they were not capable of maintaining fuch Forces as might he expected , yet belides their Annual Contributions | they would for the fpace of fix years, grant fuch further relief as they well hoped would prove fuf- ■ ficient for the maintenance of a defenfive War, ' ^ both for the prefent and for the time to come, af- ter which refolves of the Princes the Diet broke up, and all diligence was ufed for increafing the Army, and Fortifying the ftrong Holds in Hmga- ria-y jlujhia-y Styra-, and Carinthia-, Countries moll obnoxious to the Incurfionsof the Turks. Sinan Balia all this while not ignorant of the Em- perors proceedings, lay with an Army of One Hun- dred and Fifty Thoufand Fighting men, between Bud.t and RegdU , frequently fending out Parties to waft the Countries in poffeflion of the Emperour, yet with fuch indifferent fuccefs that he ■ had no caufe to boaft, which made the Balia to raife his Camp, and in fight of the Chriftian Army which ftill attended his motions , battered Dolis and St. Martins with fuch fury that within a Ihort time they fell into his hands, the Imperialifts at fo great an odds not thinking it convenient to hazard a Battle to relief their belleged Friends, and after doing other mifehief in their Territories layed fiege to the City of Rab feituate on the Southfide of JJansibius^ where the River dividing it felf makes a moft fertile Ifland called Schat , about twelve Ger~ inan miles from Vienna^ in which Ifland lay thq Chriftian Camp. This City was defended by a Garrifon of Five Thoufand Men, under the Com- ‘ man^ The Tin' ip Hijhrry. 1 19 Inand of Count Hardu\w more valiant then at this time faithful Friend, for when every one ihppoled the City impregnable, and that the Turks tor ina' ny dayes had without intcrmiliion battered it with Sixty pieces of Cannon, and made feveral unfuc- cefsful aUaults with the lois of Fourteen Thoafand of their men the faid Count contrary to the minds of his Commanders and Souldiers capitulated with the BalTa, and in confideration of iiis departing with all hisTreafure, delivered that Ifroug piece in his hands. For wdiich upon his arrival at FiennA, he by the judgement of Sixty of his Peers, had his Head and his right Hand If ric ken off, it being proved againlf him that he in leiw of thefurrender had of tlie Baila received two bags of Ducats. During due fiege of R.ib the Chrilfians in tlie Ifland of received a gieacloB, tor Tend'hou* fand Turks and l\^)tars gccLiiig over in i,03t^ or fwimming upon their Horfe, , came to fuddainly upon their Camp, that having lla/n Two I houland of them and put the reft into a great confternari- on, they entered their Trenches and carryed cl’icnfe a booty valued at Five Hundred Thuuland Ducats, which lofs for a while after fore weakned the Chri- ftians. Nor were the Turks onely bufie in fpoiling Hungary^ but Italy alfo, for with a great Fleet under the leading of Ciala Balia Anmraths Admiral, they lurprized Khegimn in Calabria, and Utterly razed it, after which they fpoiled all the Countrey about it, aslikewile the Sea Coalts of Italy in many other places, taking feveral Ships richly laden in the fight of the Garrifon of Mejfma, and carrying aveay a great number of poor people into miferable Capti- vity. Sitia. TI h 120 The Hijiory. Sinm Bafla having by this time received new fupplies and repaired Rah, putting therein a ftrong ' Garrilbn marched to Comara, before which he in- camped , but upon the approach of Matthias the Arch-Duke with a puilfant Army of Germans, Bo- hemians, and Hungarians to relieve it, he railed his liege not thinking it fafe at that time to hazard a | C Battle, and by a Bridge of Boats Tranfported his t Army over Danubius to Dolis, where he the follow- i ' ing day difmillsd them, upon which the Arch-Duke ! without any hinderance coming to Comara, caufed 1 the breaches to be Repaired, and then leaving it to I the proteftion of the Governour, viz.. The Lord Briim, w’ho had faithfully defended it, he departed to take a view of the other Cities. About this time Sigi^mund Prince of Tran/tlvani a, weary of the grievous exaction and injuries they fuftained at the hands of the Turks, refolved | to caft off their lervile yoak which being known to certain of the Nobility penfioners to Amurath, they fecretly advertized him of the Princes purpofe, promiling to fend him in Chains to Conjiantinople, and with the Turks good liking to let up one thaz.or Bator the Princes nigh Kinfman in his ftead, but the Treafon being difcovered moll of the Trai- tors v/ere taken and executed, upon which the Tar- tars to the number of Forty Thoufand brake into Tranfilvania burning and dellroying all before them in a fearful manner, which obliged the Prince ' to raife the whole power of his Countrey, and to crave aid of the Rafdans and other his Neighbours giving freely to his Subjefts and Confederates what ever they could take from the Turks, who in their lirll interprize were fo fucccfsful, that they 121 The Turhjjhi Hijlory, furprized feven of the Turks Gallics laden with Provifion, Rich Merchandize, and llore of Trea- llire, and milfed but narrowly of the eighth, which was the Admiral which lofs was fo great to the Turks , Sinan Baffa upon notice of what had happened is reported to have laid that if thole Gallies had come to him in lafety he could with the Treafurehave bought as he had done Raah-, after which the hightened with this fuccefs marched towards Teme^x^ary but hear- ing that the Tartars were about to return , they retired for the defence of their own Countrey; yet by this time headed by their Prince they took many ftrong Holds from the Turks, and ftill following their returning Army in the rear cut many Thoufands of them fhort, and by his example loon after the Falachians and Moldavians rofe up in Armes againft Jmurath and Confede- rated themfelves with the TranfUvanian Prince who with one confent lent to Rodolfhus the Em- perour to make a League with him againft the common Enemy which was accordingly conclu- ded very Honourable to the Confederates v/hich made Amnrath begin to doubt his fafety even in Conji antinomic ■, and much more when they with their vidorious Armies overrun his Countries on every lide , for grief of which , and the difor- derly tumults he found amongft his Janiz.aries and his other Souldiers of the Court, he fell Sick, when greatly afflided with the Stone and Falling Sicknefs, his wonted Difeafe, as a man both in Soul and Body tormented, he with great Impatiency and Agony of mind gave up the Ghoft, departing this Life on the Eighteenth of January , Anno Domini 1595. When he had ' ' lived 122 The TnrUJfj Hijiory, lived One and Fifty years, or as fome fay Two and Fifty years , and thereof Reigned Nineteen years. At the time of whofe Death arofe fo Terrible a Temped; at Cwnfiantimyle that many thought the world Ihould have prefently been dilTolved , his dead Body within a while after was with all Funeral Solemnities iiled amongft the Turks , biiryed by the Body of Mahomet his Elded: Son, in the Mofchie which himfelf had builded near unto his Palace. T/.e TtirlJJI) Eijlcry. J23 CHAP. XVII. "The Life of Mahomet Tlnrd of that Namey JeVenth Emperor of the Turks. Murath being dead, his death to prevent tu- mults was kept fecret till fuch time that Ma- homet his Eldell Son then living, came from ^mafia to Confiantinople-, where contrary to the mind of the 7amz.arie.fj who generally affeded j^murath his younger brother , he was faluted Exmperour ^ when by a wile getting his Ten Brethren into his pow'er, he caufed them to be ftrangled, nay fo far extended his barbarity that at his Commandement ten of his Fathers Wives and Concubines, whom he fufpcded to be with Child were drowned in the Sea, one of which number as fome affirm was his own Mother. Thefe violent proceedings made the great Commanders envy him, and the better to wreck their Ipleen fecretly to flirup the 7aniz.anesj who committed for the fpace of feveral days fuch dilbrders that the like in no Interregnum had hap- pened, and great had the diforder been even to outraging the Emperour himfelf, had not theBalfa Governoiir of the City caufedall the great Ordinance to be bent againft them, and fwore by the head of ylli to difcharge them amongil; u’m. Whilft thefe troubles happened at Conjlantincple, the Chriftian Princes were not wanting to revenge the injuries they had fuftained by theTurkSjefpecii- 124 The TurUjl) Hrjlory, ly the Princes or as the Turks call t'atmf^ayvod of Tranfil vania-t Valacbi^-, and Moldavia ^ who with 1^ many fortunate inroads into the Othoman Domini- ons greatly inriched themfelvcs and Soiildiers, ta- king and Fortifying many flrong Caftles, and de- ftroying an Army of Four Hundred Thoufand tars^ with which they had often confiidts. Nor was Rodolplm the Emperour behind with the for^ | wardeft, as well knowing that he had to deal with | an implacable Enemy , who would have no peace any longer then it ferved his own purpole, where- fore the faid Emperour, and th States of Hungary lent their Ambalfadors to the King oi Poland^ who then had adembled a Parliament at Cracovia^ to foU- 1 cite his Aid againft the common Enemy ", of which ' Addhomet having notice , fent likewife two Chiaus in nature of his Ambalfadors to fruftrate the negoti- ation of the Chriftian Ambalfadors in the Polilh Court, and to engage that King to take up Arms oa his behalf, but palling through r'alachia, they were contrary to the mind of the Kayvod flainbyfomeof his followers; yet the Turk fent two others who fetching a greater compafs through the Tartarian Dominions arrived fafe in Polonia. Thclc proceedings of the Chrillians rouled Ma- homet, and infpired him who was of a feirce and froward nature, to take revenge, in order to which he fent for Sinan Balia out of Hungary, lo confer with him about the management of the war, which once Hated, he returned again to Belgrade, where upon his firfl; Arrival, by what mifchance, yet fuppoled to be by the contrivance of the Janizaries, the cords of his Tent were cut, and it was let fall about his ears •, now at his coming, fo great was the dearth in all the parts of Hungary, where the Turks had their Tie Tarljjb HiJlorj. I 2 5 po(lefllons> that feveral Tartarian women following the Camp, killed their own children, and ate them, which famine ingendered fuch a Peftilence, that the Turks and Tartars dyed in abundance, infomuch that of eighty thoufand of the latter, which the year before came at divers times to the affiftance of the Titrks^ not above eight thouland remained alive. And now the Chriftian Army haftened from all parts to the Imperial ftandardi fo that of Germans.^ Saxons-, Bohemians-, Hangarians -, Spaniards-, Italians-, Romans, Flemings , Franks and Svteeds, in a Ihort time there were found fifteen thoufand nine hundred horfe, and fifty thoufand foot, under the condudt of moft refblute Commanders, of which Matthias the Arch Duke was General, and Count Mansfelt &nt by the King of Spain with 2oco horfe, and dooo foot, was appointed by the Emperor his Lieute- nant. Thus all things being in a readihefs, nothing want- ing but an enemy, on whom to exercife thofe Arras, which long was not wanting, for Mahomet by this time had raifed a great power, yet had but a bad welcome, for at firft the BafTa of F>ada, with a great number of Twrks, attempting to doe fome meraorah ble exploit in Tranfilvar.ia, was overthrown by Ce- ftitti Ferents, a Valiant Captain , wdth the lofs of moft of his men ; when almoft at the fame time a great power of the TL G under the leading of their General, entering F'alachia, were incountred by the Lord Nadajli, commanding there for the Emperor, who affifted by the T alachians and Tranfylvar.i ans,zvA in a great battle difeomfited, with the lofs of ten thoufand men, and their fttandard imbroidered with Pearls and Precious Stones, valued at 3 ocoo Dollars, which the laid Lord fent to the Tranfyhanian Prince, then at /llba Julia-, and had it returned him again as a re- 12^ The Ttirl{ijl) HiJlorj. ' a reward of his good fervice , which evil fuccefi being perceived by the crafty Tyrant Mahomet, he dealt under hand by great proraifes with ^aron Vay-> vod of Moldavia, to revolt from the Tranfylvaman and by any means if polTible to depofe him, which thing coming to light, and made manifeft by fever- all intercepted Letters, the faid Fayvod with his wife and children being then retired into Tranfylva- nia, were fecured, and a while after by the confent of the Moldavian Nobility, one Stephen Rezwan, in his ftead, which yiahomet perceiving , and that his pradtife was brought to nought, lent an Ambafla- dor to Sigifmund Prince oiTranfylvania, to be at peace with him, and fuffer, as formerly, his Armies to pafs through his Countrey into Hungaria, and that in lieu thereof, he Ihould have peaceable poffelTion of Trati^ylvania, Moldcjvia, and f^alachia, paying no more thenafmall acknowledgment which Ihould not beexadled by the way of Tribute, but the Prince having too often experienced the perfidious dealings of the Turks, would in no wife accord to what was demanded, but refolved upon profecuting the war to the utmofl, the , which his refolution once made known to the Bulgarians, they fent melfengers in fe- cret to affure him that if he proceeded with any goodfuccefs, they would be ready to follow hisfor- tune, and by joyning hands with him, againft the cruel Tyrant, ihut up all the paflages that way into V'alachia, yioldavia, and Hmgaria. The greateft: part of the aid, promifed by the Chriftian Princes, for the maintenance of the war, being come to Vienna, Count Mansfelt called a coun- cil of the chief Commanders, to confult whether they Ihould lay liege to fome place of Importance^ or march to give the enemy battle, whom he faid The Tnrkjjh Hiftorj. 127 he had Intelligence was on his way *, in which Coun- cil the former propofal being rcfolvcd on, the whole Army in number aforefaid, was rnultcredat ^henberg-, after which he befieged JJoluy but at the fame time had his eye upon Strf aomu}?:-, the other, being under- taken only to amufethe Turks, and exhaull: the Garri- fbn of StrigofiHm-, both of men and warlike provi- Con, to relieve their brethren in Dolis^ which fup- ply the Count permitted to enter the Town, and then w'hen he w'as lead fafpected , fuddcnly raife- ing his (lege fet down before Strigomi??!^ to the great amazement of the Turk, who not in the lead dream- ed of. any fuch matter, yet was it not carryed fo pri- vately but e’r he could intrench himfelf, feveral IVaL Heidons, draggling from the main battle, were fet upon by the Turks, and put to the rout, but the Pioniers having run the Trenches within half Musket (hot of the wall, fired fo fmartly upon the delendants, many of them were llain, none being able to impear upon the wall, yet the Chridians at at the beginning of the Siege, having taken a little llland in the Da>uibiw^ and put on (hoar Icveral Hun- garian Companies, of which the Turks of huda ha- ving notice, they in feveral Boats and Gallics, com- ing down the River by night, landed three thouland men, who unawares letting upon the Chridians, put mod of them to the dverd, and recovered the laid Illmd, but that lofs wms.foon repaired i for after many furious allaults (notwithdauvling the threats oi the Balia ol V,nda to Impail the Sttigomans ir they fought it not out to the lad man) the h.ighcr City was laid open to the Chridians, wlio jud as they were about to enter, imd notice that the B alia 01 hnda f vs hem Xiabcnict li..d threatnccl with the lofs of his head, if he fuffered that City wliidi heedeom- ed V’.ci'th a whole Kingdom, to [;e iod) was coming 10 128 Tke Turkjjt) Hijiory» to relieve rt with twenty thoufand Turks, reiblving to fight his way into it *, whereupon divers parties were fent out to skirmifti, and by retiring to draw the enemy into the danger of the Chriftian Army, which projedt was not unfuccefleful, for the refo- lute Balia coming on between the hills of St. G eorge and St. Thomas near to the Suburbs called the Rufcian City, put his Army in order of Battle, as did the Chriftians,when in the mean while the Lor^Palfi with his Hmgarian horfemen fetching a compals about the hill, on the one lide and the Lord Sxvartz.enbmrg with fuch horle as he had under his command, on the other fide, fo inclofed the Turks rear,that they could not without great danger retire, when as both Ar- mies were orderly ranged, thefignal of battle was given, the Turks without any great harm to the Chrillians difcharged feventeen Pieces of Artillery, after which, with fhowers of Arrows and the fmoak of the Harquibufcs the Sky was darkned, and in a trice, not without great flaughter, the ba|(tle was brought to the fword, at what time Vidtory decla- red for the Chriftians, the Turks being every where moll miferably beaten down, crying out for mercy, and flying as they found opportunity, and in the end the Bafla himfelf from his Hand, perceiving his Ar- ray in the rout, and that the day was irrecoverably loll, fled for his life, and about midnight recovered Buda^ with not above twenty of his followers, fil- ling that City with the laments of fuch as had in the battle loH their friend. The llain and thole taken prilbners were fourteen thoufand, and the Ipoil of the Camp confilling of rich Pavilions, Money, Plate, Ammunition, fair horfes, provifion. Camels, and the like, was valued at 300000 Ducates, part of which was fent to the Emperour,part to the Arch Duke, and The Tnrli^ip} Hifiory. 125 part diftributed amongft the Souldiers, to every one according to their deferts. TheTiirkifh Army thus overthrown, the Chriftians returned again to the fiege,when as the Count lent to Summon ^Us Beg the Governour to fiirrender the City, and that in confideration thereof, he and all that were with him Ihould be fullered to depart, but the melTengers finding the froward old man obfti- nate, notwithftanding the great dearth that was then in the City, he returned without effecting any thing *, upon which a terrible battery being placed againft the lower City, it thundred againftthe walls and Biillwarks fo long, that laying open a fair breach, the Souldiers entred with fuch fury, that bearing down all before them, they upon the com- ing of the Marquels of BurgaveWiih trdh Troops, they polfeffed themfelvesof it, driving the Turks into the Callle and upper City, with great daugh- ter, fparing in their rage none that came in their way, yet the raalitious Turks e’r their departure, to deprive the Chriftians of the benefit they might reap by the fpoil, had by Trains laid for thatpur- pofe, fired the building in leveral places, fo that in- raged by the wind, the flame could be hardly extin- guifhed, till it had laid molt of the goodly building wafte, yet was this great Vidory accompanied with forrowfor the death of the Count Mansfclt-^ who by drinking cold Liquors, after his great pains ta- ken in the late battle, fell into a feaver, which turning to the bloody Fli.t, deprived him of his life, tothegreat grief of theChriftian Princes, wdioon his Courage and Condud, had repofed next to God thefiiccefs of their Arms, yet the Chriftians conti- nued the liege, nor was it long c’r the belieged loft AUs Beg their Governour, who walking upon the wall to give diredions in places of moll danger had [ i his The TurkjJI} Hijlory, his arm Ilruck on v. itli a great {hot, of which he dy- ed, v^hen in his feeau the jaruzaries in Garriibn chofe .the Eafla of Natalia-, who upon the overthrow of of had efcaped into the City with a hundred horfemen j when upon notice of the death of Count Mansfelt the Arch Duke came to the Camp, who when he had well viewed the Army, and the manner of the iiege, he aflTembled his chief Com- manders, to coufult what was beft to be done, who aitcr fome debate refolved to give a general aflault, which was maintained with great refolution, but the beheged as obftinately defending their walls j the Duke caufed the Retreat to be founded, and then by his Efpials underftanding that the Turks near Bh~ da were gathering together, to relieve the befieged, he commanded 8oco chofon horfefpeedily to march thither, who a little before llinfet letting upon them, expeifting nothing lefs, made of them a great daugh- ter, and taking a number of prifoners, andamongll the red: the of Co^an, returned again to the Cege ^ when as the befieged finding there was no hope of relief, and that the famine was.greivousamonglt them, the Governour overcome with fuch like diffi- culties, and the continual cries of the Citizens and Souldiers, at length confented to parly upon reafon- able conditions, lo that in fine it was agreed that the Garrifon and all the Citizens Turks Ihould be lent with bag and baggage to Buda-, and in confide- ration whereof Strigonium the Metropolis of Hnnga* ria-, which for the Ipace of 52 years, had groaned under the oppreffion of the Turkijh Tyrants, was delivered into the hands of the Arch Duke, and the conditions with the accordingly performed, tv/enty Ships being for that purpofe imployed by the fpace of two dayes, after which the Duke lent 1 8 thouland to befiege Vicegrade otherwifo called Flin- The TitrkiJIj Hiftory* 127 ^enbnrgi 3 ftrong Caftle of the Turks, feituate upoft DamtbttUj between Strigonium and which they took, and in their march brought fuch a fear upon that had not the Bafla ftiut faft the Gates, moll of the Inhabitants had fled over the DarK- bim . During this good fuccefs of the Imperialills the Prince of Tranfylvania was not idle, but with an Ar- my of his bell SouIdiers,fetting upon thirty thoufand T^'nrks (who as unbidden Guells were coming to his wedding, which he was then foleranizing with Maria CnrtfHna^ daughter to Charles late Arch Duke of ^nfiria) he gave fuch a welcome, that few of them returned to tell the news, after which, pro- fecuting his vidory he took Bzpp> ving thereupon fworn him fealty, yet not to dilcoor-^ age his Confederates the Emperor fet light thereby, though the proud Cardinal, to whom it was re- ligned fubmitted himfelf a Vaffal to Mahomet, and thereby deprived the Chriftian Commonwealth of one of her fureft Bulwarks. Buda blocked up by the Chriftians, and there- by reduced to great extreamity, the Bafla thereof upon notice that leveral waggons laden with provi- fion, -were on their way, ilTued out with fix hundred hor^ to conduft them lafe ; but being fet upon by the free Hadducks, his Guard was overthrown, his fon flain, and himfelf taken prilbner *, and within a while after the Lord Palfie incountering the Bafla of Bofm, who was coming with ten thoufand men to relieve the faid City, overthrew his power, flew the Bafla, and took all the waggons laden with provilion, and at the lame time five thoufand Tartars being fet upon by the Lord SvaartMubargs Regiment, were all cut in pieces •, upon notice of Jbraim Bafla with a great power fet forward from Confiantinofle, but part of his Forces being encountred by the Imperidifts under the command of the Lord Palfs Lieutenant, were overthrown, and rich booty taken, contain- ing all the provilion of the Camp, and one hundred | thoufand Dolbrs which were coming up the Da^ tuibias to pay the Souldiers, which lofs greatly dif- contentedthe Bafla, and then when he had notice that the Imperialilis intended again to befiege B«- da, V, hich he by reafon of the laid lols was not in a capacity to relieve , as allb at the fame time news came of a great flaughtcrof the Turks before the City of Agria, the v/hich City had the Chriftf- ans aflaulted in any conflderable number, the con-, fternation was lb great, that they might eafily have The TurkiJI) Hijicry. 1 59 kirprifed it, yet as it happened they took a hundred prifbners and five hundred horles, the free Haducks alfo entring the Turks Territories, did great huit by burning their Villages and carrying away a great number of Inhabitants. Bhiia now had not efcaped falling into the hands of the Chriftians had not Ibraim Bapi received an unexpedlcd fupply, which increafedhis Army to the number of one hundred and thirty thoufand, with which upon his approach the Chriftians too weak to encounter him were obliged to raife their liege, yet lb much was the Bafta out of love with war, that having relieved the City, he by the command of Muhomet the Turkilh Emperor, laboured to procure a peace with Rodolph the German Emperor, in order to which leveral great Commanders on either fide met, but the Turks proud demands feemM lb un- reafonable to the Chriftian Commiffioners , that they rejeded them with difdain , and lb all hopes of peace vanilhing, the Fayvod of Falachia inva- ded Tranfylvania now wholly devoted to Maho^ metf againft whom Cardinal Batter prepared his Forces, being ftrengthened over and above with thirty thoufand Turks and Tartars, fent by Ihraim yet in a mortal battle he was overthrown by the Fayvod^ and the Cardinal in endeavouring to eft cape wasflain, and his head lent to theEmperour, after which moft of the Cities of Tranfylvania re- volted from the Turkifii obedience. The news of which greatly troubled Si^ifmund the late Prince, whorelided in Bolonia, but more the Turk- ilh Emperor, imbroiled in new troubles by the re- volt of Chiifahin or Caffm the great Bafia of Cdrror manUy who had caufed moft, of the Countries in the ielfer to caft olT the Turkiflt yoke, bat hornet fending great Forces againft him under mt 140 The Turkijl) UijJory. , I tnet Bafla,who after feveral conflifts fpoiling the pof- f leflionsof the Rebells in Arms,he fo dealt with the 1 chief of them, that by bribes and large promiles, j he prevailed with them to leave their ringleader, he | was taken and brought in chains to Conflamimple^ | where with moll exquilite torments, he was put to ! death. The end of which dangerous Rebellion, j gave the Ottoman Emperor more lealure to prole- 1 cute his wars in Hnngaryyo oppofe whofe Forces, the j Chriftians were not wanting, for in an other Diet | afiembled, itewfupplies were granted by the Eledo- I ral Princes for the carrying on the war, toward which the Bilhop of Rome contributed very largely, fo that 1 600 the Chriftian Army early in the Spring took the field (though to breed delay there- in the Turkilh Balia in the name of his mafter, had made many offers tending to peace) but e’r any no- table action was performed, the renowned Lord Palfe^ the greatell Commander of that Age dyed at his Callle of Biberfperg-, whereupon the Lord Swanz^enbur^ was by the Emperor appointed Gover- nor of Strigonium in his Read, who to the great grief of the Army, foon after llain with a Ihot as he was reducing Pa^a to its obedience, it having a little be- fore at theinftigationof P>e la Mot^2. {editions French Commander there in Garrifon revolted from the Emperor, and yet Rood neuter , not permitting the Turks to enter, yet was it again reduced not- withlfanding the death of the Lord Swartz.enburg and molt of the Rebels Executed, after the fererell manner that could be invented. Thele things pafling, the troubles in Hungary daily increafing, and the Turks were every where put to theworlt, and amonglt the rell the Balia of Sigeth with five thoufand of his Turks, and his head fent to the Emperor, f/da was likewife furprized. The Tttrk^iJfj Hifiory. 141 and the Bafla thereof with two Sanz^achs-t and Five Hundred common Souldiers flain, and now the Go- vernment of Tranfilvarii^, being vacant (by the death of Cardinal Bmtar and the abfence of the Prince) the Emperor confirmed it to the-/^ ^yvod of F alachia, who raifing a great power went againlt the Prince who aiaed by the Turks, Tartars, and Polonians, was coming to try a field Battle for the recovery of his Inheritance, and in a fet battle overthrew him with great (laughter ot his men, himfelf hardly efcaping, after which he feized upon the Gountrey of Molda- via, caufing all the inhabitants to fwear Allegiance to him, when the better to incourage him to invade the Turks Dominions the Emperour not only con- firmed him in that Principality alfo, but fent him lix Thouiand Men under the leading of -D. Petzen, withamafs of raony to pay his Souldiers appointing him one of his Council, and cheif Intendant for thole Countries, but he behaving himfdf roughly towards the Tranf.lvanian Nobility, they fent ArabalTadors to Baft A the Emperors Lieutenant General praying, him to take then into the protedion of the Emperor onely, and that they might obey no other Sove- raign Prince, whereupon Bafta after mature deli- beration refolved to grant their defires, and to pro- ted them from the fury of the Fayvod, whom he yet not able to appeafe by fair means he refolved to compel by force of Armes to acquiefce with what he determined, and therefore gathering fuch forces as he could with Eighteen Thoufand well appointed Souldiers he awaited on the Frontiers oiTranfilvania his coming, and near to a Village called Mivifto ad- ventured to give him Battle, though under his ftandard he had double the number, and after fix hours defperate fighting put him to flight, with the lofs of Ten Thouiand of his men, taking likevvife K k i%ve- 142 The Tiirkip Hijlory, everal Prifoners, and a great fpoil,yet nevcrthelefs the Fayvod bating of his proud temper by the mediation of Friends they were afterwards recon- ciled. Yet the Fayvod jealous of the Imperialift as being alfo without caufe perfwaded thereto by the Polonians^ to prevent as was fuggefted to him his being taken Prifoner , with a few of his followers fled into the faltnefs of the Mountains, whereupon one Simon was placed in his ftead by the haughty Chancelor of Poland , which choice Baft a altogether dilliking refolved to difplace the upltart Fayvod^ but the Tranfilvanians defirous of freedom, and in order to recover it railing many rumours portending the mifehief intended againft the Imperialifts, at that time hindered his violent proceedings, fo that for the future the whole mat- ter was referred to the Emperour.Thc Tranfilvanians likewile cafting thcmfelves upon him , and when they perceived no remedy, delired that Maximilian the Arch-Duke might take upon him the Govern- ment of that Province i but whillt thefe affairs were in controverlie, the Turks with a huge Army be- fieged Canifia a ftrong City of Stir ay to the relief of which came the Imperial Army confifling of Forty Thoufand Hdrfe and Foot, compofed of divers Na- tions, under the leading of Duke Mercury General of the Emperours Forces in Hungary y to oppofe which Ibrahim Bafla drew out of his Trenches, thinking by their muliitude to opprefs the Chrifti- ans, but was therein deceived, for after a bloody and doubtful fight for the fpace of eight hours vi- ftory declared her felf againft him, yet not fo ap- parently but that the next day by reafbn of the difeord amongft the Chriftian Captains, who at the Command of their General refufed to charge the Turks in their ftrengths the fcale was turned, and ^ their Tkc TurkjJI} Hijiory, 1 45 their Convoy of Provifion upon its way to the Camp being taken by the Tartars^ they were fo ftraightned that after having* laynlhillfor thefpace of three dayes, they role in the night but not fo fecretly but that the Turks following hard after them cut off Three Thoulandof therearmolt, took leveral pieces of Cannon, and a great part of their Baggage, and afterwards had the City of Canifa yeild^ed to them upon condition that the Garrildn Ihould be fafely convoyed over the River Mnr^ with Bag and Baggage, and hightened with this fuccefs they afterwards forraged the Countrey of Stira-, for fear of whom the Inhabitants with fuch of their fubftance , as they conveniently carry with them fled to the Mountains , whereupon the Bafla lent forth a Proclamation commanding them to return, _and that fuch as wouldwiiiingly fubmit themfelves to the Turkilh obedience Ihould be taken into fafe pro- teflion, upon which Proclamation many of the half ftarved people returned and fubmitted themfelves, but the ever renowned mirrour of Vertue and Va- lour, the Heroick Count Serenus being the man that the Bafla aimed at, as well knowing whillt he went free his new Conquells were llightly cemented to the relt, he the* better to decoy the Noble Youth in- to his power wrote to him as followeth. We Ibraim Bafla Chief Vizar Bafla, Colen to the molt Puiflant Sultan Mahomet , to the Count Serenns., fendeth Greeting, WE have often heretofore written to thee-y conr cerning the matter thou knoxveft ofy but what 'the caiife is we received no anfircr we know not •, yet could J not but write unto you again-y that if thou canfl be con- tent to begin the matter aright^ and to fubmit thy felf to ■onr protection we will be ready to receive tle^fi^thon feefi K k 2 what I The T/irkjJh Hijlory. vebat foretold thee is now more then fulfiled^ both upon thee and thine ■, which thou wouldefl never be- lieve ; neverthe’efsfor the faying the further ejfujion of blood as well oj thy SubjeBs as ours , and to come to feme good attonement^ 'tis high time for thee to lay thine hand upon thine heart, and to confider how much more it concerneth thee then us , and that the beneft thereof redoundeth more unto thine then to ours^ what cur affe^ions are towards thee Hierom the Vay- vod can tell thee, &C. This Letter the Count well enough knew were but an outward Ihew of Friendfhip, and therefore he thinking it not good to trull the Infidel, fo long as he had his Sword in his hand, would not fo much asdain to return him an anfvver, whereupon he in a great rage returned to Belgrade vaunting that if Mahomet fo Commanded, he would the next year lay fiege to f^ienna, and fo much extol’d his exploits to the great Sultan, that he commanded publick Tri- umphs for the fpace of four days in Conflantinople, for ]oy of his good fuccefs in Stira, and fent the proud Bafia a Robe of Gold, and a leaders Staff let with Pearl and pretious Stones. The iofs of Camfia fore troubled the Chrillian in- fomuch that Paradifer the Governour , who had fo tamely yielded it into the hands of the Turks, coming to Vienna was there imprifoned, and many things being proved againfl him, his Enfign Bearer, Lieutenant, and the Mayor of the Town, they af- ter many Itridc Examiuitions were at the command of tliC Emperour executed. Notwithllanding the death of theBaifaof Carra- mani in manner as aforelaid, the Rebellion was not altogether thereby extinguifiied but fecretly kept alive by the countenance of the Ter(ian Sophy, lb that The TmLiJl) Hifccry. 145 that now it again began as if revived from its Embers to break out into a flame, and in a trice fwept away feveral Towns, whereupon Mahomet fent to the P erf an to demand for the more alTurance of the League one of his Sons as Hoflage, which was lb evilly taken that the Sophy commanded the Turks Ambaflador to be flain, and although that rigorous fentence was remitted, yet by the fecond Ccmmand'- raent of the Sophy he wasbaitinacloed, and in delpite of him that fent him returned with great diigrace, the which though it highly offended Aiahomet^ yet he finding hirafelf at that time not in a condition to revenge it, only bluftered a little and to prevent the worfti put Ifrong Garrifons into his Frontire Towns. Anno 1 6c I, The Chriflian Confederates brought a ftrong Army into the Field, for fear of v;hich the Turkifh General propofed many offers of Peace, but ere any was concluded, the Paid General Ibraim Baffadied, when as the Chriflians net to emit any opportunity took divers ftrong places, andamongll; the reft after a terrible battery , and tbic lofs of Eight Thoufand men yilba Regalu-, one of the chief- eft and ftrongeft Cities of Hungary^ into which the furious SoLiidiers entering through Streets of fire and over heaps of the flain, put all they met to the Sword, few or none except the Baffa being taken to mercy, inriched themfelves with a great fpoil, efpecially the Walloons , who fpared not to rifle the Tombs of the Kings, which barbari- ty the Turks themfelves had abftained f rom. Yet hardly was the fpoil taken but news came that Afan BaflTa made General in the Head of Ibraim., was com- ing with a great Army to relieve it, whereupon Duke Mercury out His Forces and in a mortal Bat- tle flew the Baffa, and moft of his men, taking his K k 3 rich 1^5 The TurJ^iJh Hijiory. rich Camp, and a great number of Prifoners, and amongft the reft Fifty of the Rebels that fled from Papaj who yet at the inftance of the faid Duke were pardoned. The Chriftians hightened with this fuccefs, were now refolved to attempt the recovery of Canifia from before which ( after they had a long time be- fieged it, and layed open with their furious battery feveral breaches, killing in the feveral aflaults a num- ber of Turks)they were by the imfeafonablenefs of the weather obliged to depart, to the great grief of the Commanders, though joy of the Souldiers, who through the exceflive Cold that then happened were become unferviceable , many of them being frozen to Death in the Trenches. The Turks now great- ly difmaid and alnioft driven out of Hungary.^ un- happy chance tuhied the Chriftians Swords, upon themfelvcs for although Michael ‘Co.e.Vayvod i lachia was reconciled to the Emperour , yet the Tranftlvaniaiis defirous to be Governed by Sigifmmd ’ their natural Prince, call Bajla the Emperours Leiu- tenant, and by h im appointed Governour of that Province, into Irons ^ and immediately fubmitted themfelves to Sigifmmd , and likewife imprifoned leveral of the Nobility, whom they fufpedted to favour the Emperour, returning again to the Tur- ki(h obedience, and this by the contrivance of the Chancelor of Poloma. Yet at the mediation of Friends Eafxa was let at Liberty ^ who thoroughly inraged at the difgrace done to him, and the indig- nity offered thereby to the Empeiour his Mafter, railed an Army and joyning with Michael the V' tyvod^ invaded Tranfiivania^ and in a dreadful Battle over- threw Prince Sigifmmd with great llaughter of his men, upon which Gandiopolis and divers other Ci- i ties i The TnrkhP) Hijlory. - 1 47 xXts,ofTranfylvama returned to the Emperours obe- dience. ■ I After this great victory the Vayvod ftill envying ! at the fucceft of the Impcrialifts, and ftcretly grud- ' gingagainfi: by Letters held fecret correipon- dency with the Balia of Temefwar, intending in conlideration of f^alachia, Moldavia., 2nd Trar?JUva- nia-, to become the Turks Tributary, and by the afliflance of the Balia’s drive out the Impeiialifl:^, to prevent which it was agreed that he Ihould be fent Prifoner to f^iemia. In order to which a lFa!~ loon Captain was fent into his Tent with lixty followers, but he making relLllance was by the faid Captain llain, which caufed a great uproar amongll his Souldiers, but when they underltood the caule by Letters produced under his own hand, tiieir an- ger was allayed , themfelves protefling that had they known fo much they vvould long before dif- patched him. After the Death of the f'ayvod the Tranfilvamans wholly fubmitted to themfelves to Bafta. Yet continued not long in that obedience ere ftirred up by feme refclefs Ipirits they again Revolted and Proclaimed Sigifmund, denying obe- dience to any other at which lijddain mutation of this unftable people Bafta not a little trou- bled to prevent his being again imprifoned, (as he had been formerly by them , withdrew him- lelf with his Followers, into a flrong Town on the Frontiers, from whence he by Letters adver- tized the Emperour of what had happened, and requelled him to lend him fpeedy Aid, whereby he might be able to reduce them to their for- mer obedience. K k + During 148 The Turkijh HiJiorj. During thefe troubles in Trmfylva»ia,the Turks ta- king the advantage did mifchief in Hungary^yQt were often met with by the Imperialifts, and amongft the reft the Bafla of Jgna, as he was going to befiege Toccaie with ten thoufand Turks, who being encoun- tered by tenant Gon^aga the Emperors lieutenant was overthrown, with the flaughter of almoft all his followers *, nor was Mahomet the Emperor iefs perplexed with the Carramanian and Natolian Rebels, v/ho now getting to a great head under the leading of one Scrivano^ had given leveral overthrows to his Baflas lent againft them, and fpread their bor- ders wide, drawing into their Confederacy all ^fia the LelTer, and a part of the Greater, and at the fame time the Janissaries were in an uproar in Con- ftantinople^ threatning the Emperor and charging him with Cowardife, and the negled of his affairs, to appeafe whom Cicala Baffa was obliged to beftow amongft them a great fum of money, and the Mufti or chief Mahometan Prieft declaring that all thefe dilbrders happened, for that Mahomet their Prophet w^as offended at the excefs of wine that was drunk in the City •, whereupon Proclamation was made that upon pain of death all thole that had any wine in their houfes, the Ambaffadors of the Chri- ftian Princes excepted, fhould immediately bring it forth and ftavc it ; whereupon fuch abundance was fpiit, that boats in the high ftreets might have fwam in wine of all forts. By this time Bafia having received Forces from the Emperor, had fo ftraitned the Tranfylvanians^ that Sigifmitnd fent to offer him all the Towns that were in his poffeflion, at the time of his being ex- pelled Tranf)lvania-,of which offer Moyfes thQ Princes Lieutenant, having notice, relblved not to fuller any agreement upon fuch conditions, and therefore The Tnrkip Htjiory. 149 therefore with the Forces nnder his Command cora- pofed of Tuykj-) Tartars^ and Tranfylvanians^ he ha- lted to opprefs Bafia in his Camp, but finding him as ready as himfelf, a dreadful battle was fought between them, wherein with his pre- vailed, making a great flaughter of the enemy; To excufe which rafh adtion St^ifmimd fent feveralof his Nobility to the Imperial Camp, offering to perform what ever he had promifed, and to go in pcrfon to the timperor , which once put in pradtife all the Countrey returned again to the Emperors obedience, nor was Falachia at this time lefs troubled about Eledtion of a Fayvod-, that Province being divided into two Fadtions, the one was for chooling Radol2. Noble man, affedting the Emperors inteieft, and the other for Eledting Jeremias^ who had promifed to hold his Province Tributary of the Turk; where- upon many Battles were fought with various fuc- cefs, but in the end Redo'ph aflifted by the Empe- rors Forces overthrew his competitor, and ob- tained a great Vidfory ; in which battle two of the Turkifh Balias were flain, with all their followers, and foon after, having overthrown a great power of the Tartars, he recovered the Principality ; nor viz'b Hungary free from the Turkifh outrages, who bearing themfelves upon their fmall fuccefs, at- tempted to furprize ^lla Regalis, but were by the Chriftians overthrown with great flaughter, and foon after two hundred of their Waggons laden with provilion and Amunition, was taken by Count Serinus, on its way to Canifia, and about the fame time took Balia Governour of Peflh prifbner, and with himfeventy thoufand Hungarian Ducates, which Balia for his ranfom over and above offered 3000C0 Sultanies. \J\aho~ 150 The TurhjJI) Hijlory. Mahomet not a little troubled with the continual news of his Loflesin Hungary-^ and refolving to re- venge himfelf on the Chrifcians lent Hajfaa Bafla, with an Army of one hundred and fifty thoufand Tfirkf and Tartars^ who upon their arrival, paffing the Dambius^ laid liege to Alba-Regalis-t of which the Count Y/(7/o« was Governour, when raifing three Batteries, they incelTantly thundered againfl; the wall and Bulwarks, and was by the Defendants anfwered in the fame Language, and by frequent Sallies, cut off a number of the enemies, but hav- ing all their walls on the Weft fide beaten down, and moft of the Souldiers either killed or difabled, the Count himfelf wounded in the thigh , their powder being almoft fpent, and no hopes of relief, they capitulated to deliver the Tovvoi upon conditi- on that they Ihould depart thence with all their Goods and be conduced in fafety to the neigh- bouring Garrilbn, which was fworn to by all the Turkifh Commanders ^ biw having once entred the City, they nr-- oniy fpoil and plunder it, butde- ftrCjCd and put to thefword all the Souldiers and Citizens, fparing none alive but'the Count himfelf, and fome few Captains, whom they fent in Chains to Confiantinofk, infomuch that the ftreets flowed with the blood of three thoufand Chriftians, in re- venge of this lofs, the Lord Rufsvoorm with thirty thoufand men laid fiege to the ftrong City of Buda-, and took the bafe Town, where he gotftore of Riches, and afterwards laid hard fiege to the upper City, but finding it a work of great difficul- ty, he refolved to turn his Forces upon Festh a ftrong Garrifon lying on the other fide the River, from whence the Turks with their great Ordnance annoyed his Army before Buda^ which place he without much difficulty won , and then again re- turned The TitrkjjJ) Hhjiory. 1 5 1 turned to the flege of the upper City of Bada^ but having loft eight thoufand of his men, and having notice that the Tartars were at hand with a great Army, refolving to relieve it, be raifed his liege, ha- ving firft repulled the Viz.ar Balia before wit h the lofs of half his Forces. Scrivam having rent the Turks Dominions in Afia^ by taking from them their principal Cities, fell lick, of which ficknefs he dyed, to the great grief of the Rebels, who neverthelefs chofe his younger bro- ther to lead them, who foon after in a great battle overthrew the Turkilh Army, that was Tent again!!: him, under the leading of HaJJaa Bafla , and Hew the Bafla himfelf, together with almoft all his fol- lowers ; whereupon Mabomt doubting his Empire in Afta-, was obliged to withdraw his Forces out of Hungary^ yet incited the Tartar shy frequent in- roads to bulie the Imperialifts, till he could be at leifure to return his Captains with a greater power, who according to their wonted mifchievous natures committed fundry outrage, burning and deftroying all in their way, but in the end were moft of them cut off by the Chriftians againft whofe joynt For- ces, they were no wayes able to Hand, as being ra- ther inured to fpoil than fight. Anno 1603 The Turks in the feveral Garrifons roaming abroad in the depth of winter, when Da- nuhiiis it felf was frozen over, committed many out- rages in Hungarian but in their return, being met by Colonel Coblonitz.^ a great number of them were cut in pieces, and all the booty recovered, fo that for want of Viftuals Bada was greatly diftrefled, but fee again the change of fortune, for the Turks com- ing out of Biida upon the Frozen River, braving the Garrifon of Pelih., the Souldiers failyed out upon them, but being overpowred were two hundred of them 15 “2 The TurlyjJlj HiJIory, themflain, yet this lofs wasfliortly revenged by the Garrifon Souldiers, who furprizing leveral of the Turkifli Nobility, fporting with their wives in the hot Baths not far from put all the men to the fword, and fuffered the women to elcape na-. ked into the City, to whofe flight, fear added wings, and fo with the fpoil of their rich garments returned in Triumph, but want of Viftuals increaling, they were obliged to feed upon all manner of un- clean things, when at the fame time their neighbours of huda having received a great Convoy of Viftuals, derided them, and fent three or four thundering ! Peals of Cannon over the river againfl; the Town, but their mirth was foon fpoiled, for by the carelefsnefs , of the Engenier feveral barrels of Powder taking I fire not only killed a great number of them, but likevvife overthrew four yards of their Wall, and thus the Winter pafled over with many skirmilhes, and the taking of feveral places in Hungary on either fide; When early in the Spring the new of Talachia over run the rich Countrey of reducing the greatefl; part of it to his obedience, and | loon after gave the Turks another great j overthrow, and took a great booty on its way to Canifa^ and afterwards laid liege to but find- 1 ing it ftrongly Garrifoned, and furnifhed for a long liege, he withdrew from before it, yet he furprizcd many of the Turks and intercepted feveral Waggons \\ laden with provifion, about which time news came that the Januaries were up in Arras at Conjiantino- fle^ as likewife Sphai, and that they- committed fe- veral outrages on the Baflas, and fpared not to abiffe their mafter, telling him they would (feeing he neglefted to) reform his Government, fwearing that unlefs he would deliver into their power the Capi The Tnrkifi HiJlorj. *53 Capi Jga-i and fuch others as they fhould require, they would turn all into confufion, which threats fo feared the Pufillanimous Tyrant that he was content- ed to yield to their demands, who having gor thole Favorites they molt inveighed againft:, they with all defpight put them tr> death ; w hereupon the Tyrant not to be outdere .n o-ueHy, caufc'd levtiai of the Balia’s and chici ni-^n ot nis Court, whom he knew I the Souldiers adtctea, to be fain, which canfedfuch a hatred agairll him, that many of his great Baf- fa’s confpired to depole him, and fet up his fon Mahomet in his ftead, which they were the rnore ani- mated to put in pradice, for that he had at the lame time made a dilhonourable peace with the yJfaK Re- bels, giving moll of their ring-leaders great Com- mands, whillt thofe that had faithfully ferved him were rejeded, of which intent of his men of war, the Tyrant having notice, caufed his Ion, and fo many as he could underftand v. wicauy wayes con- cerned therein to be put to death. Thefe things happening in the foregoing year, the year following the Tartars in great numbers intend- ing to invade Hungary^ were d^nyed paflage by the Tolomansj whereupon they refolvea to make their way through with whom the Fayvod liad many hard conflids, killing at one time three thou- fand of them, but their number being great, he was forced at length to let them pafs ^ who upon their arrival in Hungary and Stira^ made great fpoil e’r could take the field, who at length joyning with Count Scrims^ gave them a fatal overthrow, and recovered about five thoufand Chrillian Cap- tives-, yet thofe that efcaped from the battle roving about did great harm, till fuch time as they were met with by the Lord Nadajli and his Hafurs., who with a furious charge overfeC their battle, and brought 154 TurkiJJj Hijiory. brought them to final dellrudtion, when foon after Collotiitz. returning fell upon Two Thoufimd Turks all or molt of which he flew, and then paffing on befieged the Caltle of Loqua which in a Ihort time he took, but by ncgledl of the Soldiers injoyed not long, for the Palizadoes being fired fet fire to the Caftle and laid it waft. After which he marched towards the Caftle of Boulouvenar^ upon whole ap- proach the Garrifon fled, but in their flight being met were overthrown with great flaughter, and fuch as were taken Prifoners together with all their fiibftance brought back to the Caftle, into which the Collonel having put Four Hundred Haduc\s^ and Two Hundred Huffars , returned to Comara-, v/here with a great Booty he arrived in fafety. Turning a little from the troubles of Hungary y a Countrey fubjed to the continual Inroads of the Turks, I lliall return to Tranfilvamay which by this time was for the moft part reduced to the Empe- rours obedience. For Moyfes the Rebel after his being overthrown by Baftay doubting his fafety in the Caftle of Solemofe^ delivered it to the Turks and fled to Temefwary a City in their polTeflion of which BaJIa the Emperours Leiutenant having no- tice refolved to recover the Caftle , which the Turks fuppofed impregnable by reafon of its feitu- ation , as being founded upon a fteep and- hard Rock, h\itx}\& Germans having by ftrength of Arms drawn their Cannon to the top of a little Hill, not far diftant from it, after a terrible battery made' had it delivered to them, the Turks well perceiv- ing they were no longer able to keep it. This ftrong place thus gained many of left ac- count that held out againft Bafta furrendered, whereupon aftdnbiing the principal men of Tran- filvaniay Tie TurkiJJ) HiJlorj. 155 filvMia^ he in a Ihort Oration adraonifhed them to be ftedfaft to the intereft of the Emperour, and not to have any regard to the faithlefs and wavering Turks, &c. To which they replyed, That they were willing to obey the Emperour in all things, but that their people in continual Wars being wa- fted, they delired him to conlider how little able they were to keep an Army in the Field, without which the Countrey could not be defended ^ but if the Emperour would proted them, and fecure them with a ftanding Army, they would yearly pay to- wards the defraying of the charges Fifteen Thou- fand Hungarian Ducats, and furnilh them with all things neceflary. It being a thing more Honourable and Profitable for a Prince moderately to ufe his Subjeds, then for covetoufnefs to devour them in one day, and in their lofs to loie himfelf for ever. This their offer was by Ba^a accepted , and the minds of the people by many perfwafive arguments kept in their dutiful Allegiance to the Emperour. But whilft peace was cxpeded on all fides Mayfcs the Rebel, with a great power of Turks and Tar- tars entered Tranflvania-, at fuch time as Bafia was abfent dreaming of no fuch matter, and leizing upon Wtfceborongh, fome other places of fmall im- portance, his name began to fpread w’ide. Info- much that Mahomet the Sultan underftanding what he had done, promiled to fend him more Aid, and to make him his Leiutenant if he profpered in his Wars, w'hich puffed up the Rebel to that height that hearing of being with fmall Forces in the Towm of Somo/inary he refolved to miarch thither and befiege him, but that experienced Captain know- ing how much it impaired the credit ot a General, to be incloled within Wails, upon notice of his approach, after he had put that place in a pofture of de- 156 The TiirkjJI) Hijlory. defence departed thence, and after having received a fupply of eight Thoufand men from the rayvod of Faiachia., he went to oppofe the Torrent, but ere he could prevent it the City of Clandimple fell into the Rebels hands, who ufed the Citizens with all manner of cruelties. Yet at length meeting with them before he was aware, fell into their danger, not expedting them to be above half the number, he found them fo that he not exceeding Nine Thou- fand, and the Rebels not lefs then Thirty Thoufand, when he had done all that became a valiant Souldi- er retired in good order , leaving his Baggage, Tents, and Artilery with the dead Bodies of One Thoufand of his men as prey to the Conquerours ^ but they more greedy of the fpoil then to purfue him, fell to plundering the Tents Vvith fuch eager- nefs, that he thereof advertized , and turning his recolleded Forces fuddainly upon them, who dream- ed of nothing lefs entered amongft them unarmed as they were, every one with his hands full of fpoiles, made fuch a flaughter that fcarcely a third part of them efcaped, fo that by their carelefsnefs within lefs then four hours, the vanquilhers were vanqui- Ihed and amongft the fiain fell Moyfes himfelf, whofe head was after fixed upon a Launce and fet up up- on the Walls of Caro!jfadt. This Rebellion fupprefTed another Rebel aided by the Turks Tartars and Cojfacks to the number of Six Thoufand, made head about Lippa , but Three Thoufand Hadacks being lent out againft him, his Forces were defeated and himfelf, for the fafety of his own Life glad to fly, after which good fuccefs One Hundred of the Rebels Inlignes, and the Horfe on which Aleyfes fought, traped richly with Gold and Pretious Stones were as a grateful prefent fent to the Emperour, and afterward the Army under The Tnrl^iJJ) HiJiorj, the Command of Bafia-, being increafed to Twenty Thoufand, he with Five and Twenty pieces of Can- non marched to befiege Temefwar-,but ere he long had lain before it, by his Souldiers eating of green Fruit, the Bloody Flux raged fo in his Camp, that death triumphing every where over his men he was for- ced to depart. Spring being come the Chriltian Army in Hnnga- ria being Five and Thirty Thouland ftrong took the Field, under the Command of the Lord Bhfvformy who having carefully provided for the leveral Gar- rifons incamped near to Peflh at what time an Ar- my of One Hundred Thoufend Turks Ihewed it lelf on the other fide the Dambiuty for fear of which leveral of the Garrilbn Souldiers of Pefth fled over to Buda-, and there were highly entertained by the Bafla, who thought to ufe them as decoys to train their fellows over, but this project failed though at that time their wants were great, though not long, for in fpight of the Turks endeavours to hinder them, two Convoys of Provifion and other ne- ceflaries, the one by Water, and the other by Land were brought thither, at what time a Turkifli Captain upon fome difpleafure flying from Alba Regalis to Rab^‘ informed the Governour that if he would march thither he would fhew him an eafie way to liirprize the Suburbs if not the City it felf, whereupon the Chriftian Souldiers giving credit to the Infidel by his direction fucceeded in taking the Suburb as they wilhed, and in it a great Booty, but defpairing in any further advantage returned with great joy to Rab. The Rebels in Apa being again in Arms, Maho- met finding himfelf not ftrong enough to fupprefs them by Force, laboured by his Ambafladors to re- L 1 con- I 158 Tl.e TurJ{rp Hiftorj. concile them offering fuch advantagious terms of peace as fhould to all men feem reafonable , but ti:ey not caring to truft the Tyrant rejeded his offers and would have no peace, whereupon what i the Infidels refufed he thought fit to offer to the ! Chi iftians, but on this fide he demands fo unreafon- *-'le (vtz.. that in confideration of his delivering and Canifia he might have TranJUvama, St, mum ^nd Pefih') that the Emperour would not 1 accord to any peace upon fuch terms, fo that the j treaty broke ofl^ upon which Hoftilides that for a while ceafed began afrefh, fo that Colhmtz. with Six Thoufand Imperialifts falling upon the Rear of the Turks Army, cut off feven Hundred men, taking a great fpoil and many Prifoners, amongfl whom was Saxitr a man of great repute amongfl the Turks, who upon Examination confeffed the de- ' fign Haffan Bafla had to befiege Strigonium^ and Pefth^ and the number of Turks and Tartars that were dai- ly expefted to joyn him, of which General Rufmrm being informed, as alfo of the ftate of the Turks Army, and alfo that upon fome difcontcnt the T^r- tars were returned into their own Countrey, to the great weakening of the BalTa’s Forces, wherefore to prevent their putting a Convoy into Buda-, he caufed feveral Forts to be built, and permitting the Turks to pafs over the Dambius by a Bridge train- ed them into an Ambufh layed in the Flags and I Ofiers for that purpofe, fo that with little lofs on | the part of the Chriftians , 10000 Turks were ! (lain, drowned in the River, and taken Prifoners ; j fo that a great booty confifting of eighteen En- ; figns, two Cornets , four Brafs peices, much rich Armour, and many Waggons loaden with Provifion ! fell into the hands of the Chriftians, whereby the Turks The Turkjjf} Hijlory, 15^ Turks were fo much diftourage'd that they fora long while attempted nothing. Affairs Handing thus in Hungary^ y^4wasftill in a flame, efpecielly upon the revolt of one of Maho- TDets great BalTa’s , whom he had defpightflilly de^ pofed from being General, of which confufion the Perfian King taking the advantage, layed liege to Jaiiris a ftrong City , taken by u^murath from his Father, as is before- mentioned, the which by the Aid of feveral Chriftians, after a terrible battery made againfl; it he took, fo that the Turk on every lide belet, was greatly perplexed in mind not know- ing which way to turn himfelf , nor fared he bet- ter by Sea for the Jfian Rebels, under pretence of a reconciliation and tranfporting themlelves into Eu- rope to lerve him in Hungarian feized upon many of his Gallies fent to Tranfport them, asalfo the great Duke of Florence^ Admiral meeting with Amur at Kdt4 an old Pirate and Mahomets Admiral overthrew his fquadron of Gallies, taking fome and linking others, fo that few efcaped : and his great Arnfy in Hungary after the lofs of Thirty Thoufand Men in divers conflids with the Chrillian, atchieving no- thing worth mention, except putting a Convoy of Vi(fluals into Bitda^ returned to Belgrade under the covert of darknefs , in manner of a fearful flight which was no fooner perceived by the Lord Ruf- vcorm who had often in vain urged the BalTato fight, but he fent his Light Horfemen to purfiie them who cutting off the Rearmoft for many IS^iles, re- turned with a confiderable booty , after which he layed liege to Hatvan-, and had it (after feveral fierce aflaufts delivered into his poflefliou, the Gar- rifon and Citizens, as it was agreed on nUircjiihg out were conduced by certain Troops of to Solvockj when having put a llrong Garrllcfh'Vnfo it, L I i and I So TkeTurkiJJj Bijiory. and relieved fuch other places as he thought con- venient, and now the depth of Winter coming on he broke up his Army, fending as a certain token of feveral fuccefsful exploits fixty fou» of the Turks Enfigns, to the Arch Duke Matthioj, fo that till the next Spring nothing of moment happened. No fooner was the frozen Earth freed from the cold embraces of Winter , but new ftirs began in Tranftlvania as likewife in Moldavia, where the Tar- tars in great number deftroying the Countrey were overthrown, and almoft all of them flain at what time Zellali the chief of the j4^tan Rebels whom Ma- homet by great rewards had allured to his intereff, entered the Kingdom of Bofna with a great power of his followers, where having trained Zefer Bafla the Governour thereof into his danger, he let upon him and flew molt of his men, and feized upon the Kingdom, upon notice of which Mahomet imgre^t rage lent his Letters to him , commanding him forthwith to repair to Confiantinofle , but he not thinking it convenient to truft the Tyrant with his head, he returned for anfwer that he was already poflefled of the Kingdom promifed him for his fcr- vice, and that he as a Loyal Subje(fl: would keep it to his behoof, with which anfwer Mahomet was forced to content himfelf, as fearing that if he Ihould go about to expulfe him by force he would revolt to the Chriftian Emperour, and fo prove a more dan- gerous Enemy to him in Enrofe then he had done in j^fa. Wherefore to prevent the worfl: fie refblv- ed if he could obtain fuch conditions as might fute with his grcatnefs to have Peace with the Emperour, in order to which Commiffioners met at Bnda, and many Prefeats were given and received on either fide, the Turks expreffing great joy for the hopes they conceived, that at length they Ihould reft from 1 the The TuikjJJ) Hijlory. i6i the toils of War but after many propofals on either fide, the demands of the Turkifh 5«/m» was fb un- reafonable that nothing was concluded, fo that after a fhort truce Hoftilities began afrefli, when as the Turks feeking to waft f^alachiavfCTQ with great (laughter by the rayvod overthrown, at what time the Lord Nadajii the Valiant and Renowned Captain of the Chriftians died, to the grief of all the Con- federate Princes there not being a man left whole Council, and Condud in Martial affaires equalled his, but this grief was fomewhat alayed upon cer- tain News that Mahomet the great Sultan was like- wile departed this Life, dying about the latter end of January^ yinno 1604. When he had lived 44 years, and thereof Reigned 8, being altogether pufil- lanimous and given up to pleafure, and lyes buried in a Chappel of white Marble at ConfiantinopUj near to the Church of St. Sophia j in whofe ftead yich^ mat his Third Son was faluted by realon of the death of his two Elder Brethren, one of which was ftrangled by the Commandment of his unnatural Father and the other very young died a natural death. •# L 1 3 • CHAP. i62 ^Tke Turh/p Hifiory. ■ ! CHAP. XVIIL Life of Achmat the Eighth Emj)etour of the Turks, and fir ft of that ISlame. UPon the death of Afahomet the Third his Son yichmat then but fifteen years of Age, was by the great Baffa’s and men of War fainted Emperor, having purchafed the good will of the latter at two Millions and a half of Afpers ^ upon which after he was folemnly Crowned , he fent Ambafladors to the King of Perfia-, as he likewife did to the Empe- ror , but according to the proud humour of his Predeceflbrs his demands were fo unreafonable, that they would not be accorded to, neither in Europe nov^fia^ whereupon the Turks ere the Treaty was ended with the Emperour , under pretence of Friendlhip indeavoured to furprize Pefih, but by the vigilancy of the Garrifon Souldiers were put by their purpole, which Treacherous dealing made ma- nifellthe Treaty was utterly broken ofi^ whereup- on great preparations were made for War on either fide, during which time the Perfian King was not idle, profecuting his Wars had recovered al- moft all that the Turks l^ad taken fron^is Pre- deceflbrs. Yet the Turks ‘leflened his vidory, and the more to amule the Chriftians fpread a falle re- port, that near unto Babylon his Army was over- thrown, and himfelf taken Prifoner, not forget- ing to magnifie the Forces of their Emperour, who indeed for his years was very adive in the affairs of Go= The TurhiJJj Hijicry. Government though cruel withal towards his own Subjeds, and farther they gave it out that at once he intended to invade with puilTant Armies, both Hungary and Perfia ^ purpoling to annex them to th&Ottoman Empire : but thefe great words (though in truth the Chriftians were more negligent in their preparations then theoccalion required) proved but Air. But leaving the Turks awhile 1 .fhall furvey the miferies of the once fertile Couiitrey of Tranfylva- nia^ w'hich now through civil difcord amongft themfelves, and Rebellion agairR the Emperour was fo fpoiled, that Famine coming fad on them for want of the Earths due increaie , it by long continuance reduced them to that extremity that the Pealants and poorer fort of people, having eater: up for dainties all the Dogs, Cats, Mice, Rats, and live Horfes, fell to eating fuch ftarved Bealls as through want they found to have perifhed in the Woods and Fields, and at length when . nothing was left they fed upon human ilelh, men eating men , and Women their Children \ yea Thieves and Malefadors hanged for their Villanies, were by the milerable people cut down and eaten, to reme- dy which the Emperour cauied to bealfembled the States of the Province , wherein it was accorded that all Hoftilities fet apart, the Gentlemen of Tran- flvania having by their Rebellion forfeited theii Lives and Lands Ihould be pardoned as to Life , with three fourth parts of their Lands referved unto them, and that for ready money they might of the Emperour redeem the fourth part, but con- cerning the moveables of fuch as were dead in the time oftrouble, and already confifeated to the Em- perour, they- fhould io remain, and that they Ihould pay their tenths of tHefr Wines and Fruits to the L 1 4 Er i'64 I’The Turkijh Hijiory. Eitiperour, and that no other then the Romifh Re- ligion fhould be exercifed in that Province, and that Claufenburg and Cronfiad fliould within three weeks after pay the one Twenty Thoufand Dollars, and the other Eight Thouland,and that the Governours of thofe Towns fhould put their Keys into the hands of the Emperours^ Leiutenant. And laftly. That the Gentlemen who would not be accounted in the number of the Rebels, fhould for the fafety of their perfbns take Letters of Pardon from the faid Lieutenant. This pacification gave feme little hopes to the diftrefled Tranfylvamans^ but it lasted not long, for the Nobility weary of the German yoke foon revolted from the Emperours obedience, and again took up Arms, which plunged them into their former miferiesj wherein for awhilelmuft leave them and return again to the Turkifh af- faires. The fcveral Hoftilities having banifhed all hopes of Peace , feveral skirmiflies palled between the Chrifliansand Turks, in which the latter were for the mofl part put to the worft, and had been more diftrefled had not the Imperial Souldiers mutined, and for want of pay fpoiled the Countrey of even within the light of P'iennay the Sub- urbs of which City they had lacked, had not the Governour come againft them with a great power, and forced them to lay down their Arms, cauling the Ring-leaders to be punifhedwith death and im- prifbnment. But whilft thefe things were doing Zellalyw2LS driven out of Bofna-, by Zeff 'er Baflafent in order thereto by the Saltan with a great power, yet the better to calm his high Spirit, and to make the Z/ian Rebels have a better opinion of the young Emperour, he ryas made Governour of Temefrvar-, and fo became a 'mortal Enemy to the Chriftians, ' " ’ his T'he Turkijb Hijiory. I <05 his firft undertaking being to furprize Lippa^ but therein found liich bad fuccefs, that he hardly re- covered his own Garrifon, leaving moft of his men dead behind him, and foon after a terrible fire hap- pening in Canifia layed it almoft waft, firing the Magazine of Powder and blowing up the Cittadel, Towers, Houfes, and Wall, fo that had any forces of the Chriftians been near in that General confter- nation, they might eafily have furprized it, after which loft the Turks fultained another for Two Hundred of the Garrifon of Bhda , going abroad to forrage, were by the lallying of the Garrifon of Pejlh all cut off. During thefe ftirs the reftlefs Tranfylvanians hav- ing called to their affiftance divers Turks and tars-, had leized upon feveral ftrong places, driving out the Imperial Garrifons to reprefs whole info- lency Bafla fent the Haducki-, under the leading of Horwal their Captain , who lying in ambulh for them who were but few in number, and eafily over- thrown , as being by Famine bereaved of their ftrength, they were moft of them put to the Sword ; after which the Haducks robbed the poor Villagers at their pleafure, killing fuch as refufed to contribute to their greedy delires. So that all was again redu- ced to the fame extremity as before, and when the faid Captain was by the Leiutenant Commanded to reftrain his men from committing any more fuch out- rages, he anfwered, that it was impoffible to keep Souldiersin order amidft extremity of Famine, for that the belly was an inexorable ufiirer, which took pitty upon nothing but with great rigor exadlcd that which it thought due for the nouriftiment of it The 1 66 The TirLjJ!) Hijlory. The Forces of the Chriftians increafing in Hun- the Bafla of Budu to retard their proceeding made many fair ihews of the great defires his Lord the Emperor had of peace, and the better to make it be believed, he wrote a diflembling letter fignifying as much to the Governour of Strigoninm^ but his fair Glozing was not of force to lull the Chriftians into a fecurity^ which hypocrifieof the BalTa's foon after appeared by his furprifing Simmn-gL Caftle held by the Chriftians, upon the banks of the Dambim, and fettingit on fire. The Perfian King having joyned hands with Cara- cas the chief Leader of the Rebels, a man of great power, in a fet Battle overthrew Cicala Ballh, with thelofs of almoft all his Turks, taking the Baflas fon prifoner, by fecret MeHengcrs invited the bor- dering Nations to revolt from the Turkifti obedi- ence, to prevent which, the fame Bafla was with ano- ther huge Army fent into thofe parts, where. in a ftiort fpace, he received two feveral overthrows, in which, befides what he loft in the firft battle, feven- ty thoufand Turks perifhedj fo that now the Terror the Perfian breathed even upon Conftaminople it felf, having over-run the greateft part of the Turks Do- minions in at what time Achmat fell fick of the fmall Pox at , and hardly recovered, when during the time of his flcknefs it was agreed amongft the Baflas that his brother Mafiapha the on- ly flirviver of the Ottoman family if he had dyed, Ihould have been taken out of the Seraglio.^ where he remained no better then a prifoner, and have been proclaimed Emperor, nor would the Souldiers be- lieve but that he was dead,till fuch time as he recover- ing his ftrength, rode for their better latisfadtion through moft of the Principal ftreets of the Imperial City of Confantinople. The Th TurkjJI) Hijiorj, 167 The Terfian ftill prevailiog, and it being rumour- ed, that he advanced apace at the head of one hundred thoufand fighting men, to whom Betgages the difeontentedBafTa had joyned hivniklf y^chmat fent Hajfan Bajfa his General to maintain the wars in Hnngaryy and Cicala. Bajfa ( notwithftanding he had been thrice overthrown) againft the and an Rebels y but amidft his great preparation the Tartar/ an Cham fent him word that he could not come to his aififtance in perfon, but that he would fend his Ion with a great power into Httngarjy (now the rea- fon that this great Monarch is lb ready at all times to ferve the Turk, is for that they often inter- change in Marriages, and that if the Ottoman fami- ly fail, the Empire delcends to the Tartar Chamy and laftly, which indeed is the greatefl: motive, by rea- fon of the large Penfion that Prince living in a needy Country receives yearly from the Turkifh Emperor.) Tooppole the Turks and Tartarsy Rodolphtts the Em- peror lent Maximilian his nephew in the quality of an Ambaffador to the Pope and Princes of Italjy to crave aid, who upon his arrival at Romey was ho- nourably received, and after having finilhed his ne- gotiation, fent back with many prefents and a full af- furance of a fpeedy fupply, the Pope for his part ha- ving promiled out of his Treafury 150000 Crowns, to be paid towards the defraying the charges of the war,in which he was not lefs then his word y but by this time the Tartars being upontheir march towards Hungary y (where Hajjan Bajfa was with a great power of Turks arrived) and deny ed palfage through Polo- brake violently into Falachiay milerably fpoiling and deltroying the Country, to abate whole fury the Talachians aided by B.ajias Forces Itill folloyv- ing them in the rear, cutolf a great number of them, yet at length they palled into Hungaryy and there joyned the BalTas Forces, whereupon (after fc- veral 'iejB The Turljp Hijlory. veral skirmiflies, and the taking* of fome (not im- portant) places on both fides) he fet down with all his power before Stri^onium, to prevent whole in- trenching, the Chriltians Sallyed out, killing many of them, and driving the reft from their works, upon news of which liege, Bafta taking a new oath of the Trmfylvaniam^ came with all his Forces to endeavonr its Relief, who upon his arrival confront- ed the enemy, and raifing a huge Fort of Earth, not far from their Camp, from thence with feveral Pieces of Cannon greatly annoyed them, fo that what with continual fallyes of the belleged, and the skirmilhes Baftas Souldiers had with them after a te- dious liege, and the lofs of twenty thouland men, the haughty BalTa faifed his Camp, and departed to- wards Buda-, Eijia ftill following them, and cutting off a great number of fuch as marched in the rear, and took feveral prifoners of note, yet fuch was the fear, that the 1 urks brought upon Hatvan, during their befieging Strigonium that the Garrifon aban- doned it, carrying with them all their moveables, and feveral Pieces of Cannon, though the Turks had attempted nothing againft it. During thefe troubles in Hungary, Eethlem chief ot the Rebels in Tranfylvania alTifted by Becks heres Bafla, with four thoufand Turks, entered the Province, to have taken poflefllon thereof, in the j ablence of Bafla, but being incountered by Count I Tambire, when he fufpe(fted no fuch matter, he was i overthrown , and a thoufand of his men llain, himlelf and the Bafla hardly efcaping , and three dayes after the laid Count, lighting on feveral Troops of Turks fent to the alTiftance of the Re-* bels, by the Bafla of Temefwar, put nioft of them to the fword, yet the Rebellion cealed not fo, for one Botsc^^z difeontented having drawn a great The TurkiJlj Hijiory. i6p great number of defperate fellows to take part with him, and countenanced by the Grand Signiour, took the field in the upper Hungary, againlt whom "Belgio- fia a valiant Captain advanced with fuch Forces as he in hafte could mufter up, but fuch was his ill hap, that joyning battle he was overthrown by the Re- bels, and moft of his Souldiers flain, after which defeat of the Imperialifts the City of Cajfonia was furrendered to the Rebels, upon notice of which Bafia having gathered a confiderable Army marched againlt Eotscay^ to put a ftop to his proceedings e’r fie poflefled himfelf of any more of the Yinn^arian Cities, yet the people Generally favouring their caufe which wore a mask of Religion and Liberty, the number daily increafed, and notwithltanding the diligence of 'Rafta-, many Itrong holds were put into their hands,- yet after a tedious march, the re- nowned Lieutenant, put to flight the forerunners of their Army, and after many difficulties, and the lols of feveral of his Souldiers, came to a pitched field, of which after at cruel and bloody fight he won, putting 'Siotscay and his Rebel followers to flight, with great [laughter, and by that means recovered many Cities and Caflles that had caft off the Empe- rors obedience,, and taken part with the Rebels. The Turks in Perfia fared little otherwile then thole in Hungary, for Cicala Balia, with all his For- ces were overthrown by the Ferfan King, and the City of Ptabybn, now called Bagdat taken, of which he fent to advertize the German Emperor, intreat- ing him to joyn hands with him for abating the Turh pride, which he was relblutely determined to ' do, rclblving not to give over the war till he had llripped him out of all his Cities in -Flfa, and there- fore defired the Emperor to fend an Ambaffador to confer 170 The TurkjJ}) Hijlory, confer with him about a lafting peace, which was accordingly done^ nor were they all the troubles the Turkifli Empire fuftained , for by reafon of fome differences between the Balias of DantAfco 2ind ^leppoy they wage mortal battle one with the other, wherein the latter was overthrown, and flying to his City, there befieged, till compelled therto by fa- mine, he yielded to what the Bafla of Damafco demanded \ about what time Sultan j^chmats firfl: fon was bom, for which there was great rejoycing at Confiantimple. Anno 1605 The troubles \n Hungary znd Tranfyl- vania more and more increafed, the former being occafioned by the Bifhops (in their late aflembly) palling a decree that all of the reformed Religion fliould be burnt, or banilhed, againfl; which wicked Decree, though the Nobility of the Kingdom openly protefted againfl:, yet were their Churches leized, and Publick and Private worlhip forbidden, as allb the reading of the Bible ^ to redrefs which griev- ances, Bafla promiled redrefs, h\sX.Botscay having made them a ftirrup to help him into the laddie would hearken to no peace, unlefs Tranfylvania might be delivered to him, and that the Lieute- nant of Hungary might be a ^Aungarian born, and that all offices might be bellowed upon Aungarians^ and the Souldiers of other Nations withdraw ex- cept fuch as were in Garrilbn, and thofe not to pafs their appointed limits-, and lallly, th2XAungarian Souldiers Ihould receive the Emperors pay, and that when ever an Aflembly of the Ellates was held at Presburgy the Emperor himlelf fhould be there irt perfon. Thelepropoffils were fent to Bafla by tw6 Hungarians-, but without fuccefs, whereupon all man- ner of Hojflilides were ufed, and more fpoil made in The TurhiJJ^ HiJlorj. 171 in a fliort time, then the Turks had done in many years. Thele inteftine troubles gave the Turks opportu- nity to poflefs themfelves of the Cities of Tacia and V'icegrade^ and committed great outrages in ma- ny places, and what was more to the difadvantage of the Emperor, the Hadncks his chief llrength fa- vouring the Rebels, revolted from him, which BaJIa perceiving, and finding his Forces daily to decreafe, procured of the Emperor a General pardon for all offences paft, as well Temporal as Eccleliaftical, promifing upon their fubmiffion to reflore them to their Liberties, priviledges, and Religious wor- fhip as formerly exercifed, and that no man fhould be molefted, by vertue of any Decree made by the Bifhops, &c. this pardon was proclaimed with the beat of Drum and found of Trumpet in feveral pla- ces upon which fome of the Nobility, whofeEftates lay in danger to be fpoiled by the Souldiers, came in and fubmitted themfelves, yet the Rebels Army was no whit lellened, but rather increafed , infomuch that the Haducks drawing themfelves apart befieged Sacinar^ in which was an Imperial Garrifon, and after divers aflaults took it, and marching from thence indeavoured to have furprifed the ftrong Ca- ftle of Tocay^ bat their defign was fruftrated by the ftout refinance of thofe in Garrifon ; but that which had like to have proved worftof all to Bafiawas the mutiny of hisown Souldiers, which he hardly ap- pealed with a great fum of mony. The Haditcks ftill roaming about as men greedy of prey, lay fiege to which after fome lofs they took, and placed a ftrong Garrifon . therein ^ upon which AmbalTadors were fent to Bofc^y the head of the Rebels, to treat with him in the Emp^ror^ na’oe, about a peace, but without receiving any fatisfaction-, 173 The TurkjJI} I^ijiory. ’ they were forced to return, the Rebel declaring ; that if they came from the Eftates of }iungary he would give them Audience, but if from the Empe- ror the Articles of peace he had propofed, he ex- pelled to be confirmed without delay, if the Em- peror expeded any, and after the departure of the J Ambafladors •, he fent forth his Letters mandatory to Aflemble the Nobility at Serentium.^ on the feven- teenth of April to fettle the affairs of the King- dom, many of which accordingly met, but con- cluded on nothing material , the Rebel and fuch as were of his fadion ftUl over-ruling them in all their confultations, as well knowing the Emperors Forces for the mod part had their hearts with him, which caufed them frequently to mutiny and re- proach their Commanders, under pretence of want- ing their pay. The Haducks now increafed in num- ber poflelTed themlelves of Newhawfelf Cibininm-iDort feld znd Schemnitz.c. Thus whild all Hungary^ Aufiriaf and Stira were as it were in a flame. The Turks again befieged fe- veral Cadies which at that time were governed by valiant Captains, fo that they prevailed not greatly yet the General confufion made the Emperour defi- rous of Peace, in order to which he lent Sigtfmund Forgat with full indrudions to Kyrpa where the Edates of Hungary were to aflemble, thither like- wife came feveral CommiiTioners from Botfeay and the Turkifh Balfa’s of Btida.y Pejih^ &c. when as in the mean time other Imperial Miniders were lent to Comar to Treat only with the Turks, they having fo required but the demands of the Turks and Rebels were fo unreafonable, that many believed they only fet that treaty on foot to protrad the preparations of the Imperialids, fo that all hopes The Tmkjfi Hrjlcry. of an amicable conclnfion vanifhing, fierce W^rl>e- gan tiC rage more terrible then before, all the Coun- tfeys round being covered with the Imoak of flam- ing Villages and illuminated with fhining fires by night, nor aid the P.ebels ipare to fell the poor Chriftians like beads t - the mercilefs Turk, by them to be carryed into per pet al Ijavery, nor defifted from comitting fuch cruelties as even ama- zed the infidels to fee thcmfelves out done. To prevent which outrages the Imperialifts drawing to- gether in a body , fet upon a ilrong power of the Turks and Rebels, who thought to have lurprized them in their Camp, and after a lharp difpute drove them with great flaughter to the Walls of Cam/iaf and afterwards put If rong Garrifons into moft of the important Towns andCaflles, which bad fuccefs made the Rebels again bethink themfelves of a timely peace fo that Botfcay, their Ringleader having received Letters of fafe condud from Matthias the Arch- Duke, came with his Wife and Children to Fiennay and there by frequent by conferring with the Imperi- al CommifTionerSvmatters were fo ordered that peace was concluded between the Emperour and his Rebel Subjeds of Hungary according to the Tenour ofthefe Articles. Articles of Peace agreed upon Anno 1606. between the Emperor and his difcontented Subjects 0/ Hungary. 1. That fiom thenceforth it fhould be lawful for every man throughout the Kingdom of Hungary^ to have the free ufe of his Religion and believe what he \vould. 2. That i: the Hnnga i‘.ns fb thought good, they might chufe 2. Palatine for their Governor, and that in the mean time the Arch-Duke Matthias fhould no more ufe the Title of Governour bn: Vice-Pvoy. 3. That the Crown of Hungary fnould Hill be left in the Emperors keeping. M m 4. That f rj4 Th Turkjjl) Eiflory. 4. That the Bilhopsthat were nobly dtfcetided in fimg 'ary and had Lands of their own > (hould be : forthwith admitted into the Council but the other ; Bifhops not to be fo received. ^ 5. That Botfcay for himfelf and his heirs male Ihould ever hold Tranfilvania. 6 That the fame Countrey of Trafijtlvania fhould I be ftill fubjed to the Kingdom of Hungary. I 7 That for his Arms he Ihould bear three Royal Crowns, and three open Helmets. 8. That he Ihould no more ftile himlelf Prince but Lord of Hangar'^. 9. Thatthey Ihould pay the their wages i who had leavyed them. 10. That the harms done on both fides Ihould for 1 ever be forgotten. I I. That Bohemia', Moravia., Lanfnifmm Z'iid | Jlria fhould not only with their Letters and Seals | confirm the Articles, but alfo fwear at Vienna to keep the fame, fo far as they concerned them. 12. That the Hungarians likewife Ihould fend fome to Vienna^ who in their behalfs fhould with their Letters, Seals and Oaths, Confirm and Ra-: tifie thefe Articles. J3- That the alferably of the States of Hungary, fhould be referred unto a more convenieiirtime for i their meeting. 14. That thefe things being done this Agreement fhould be publickly confirmed and inrolled in the Records of the Kingdom of Hungary. 1 5. That it fhould be lawful for the Hungarians^ by their Ambafladors, to invite the Princes of the| Empire to the Approving and Confirming of thefe Articles. Peace thus concluded with the Hungarians-, the- Treaty of Peace betw’een the Tnrkifli Sultan anc; the The TirhiJ!) Hijlory, the Emperour went on, and with fuch good fuc- cefs that a Peace was foon after concluded to the joy of all the Emperors Subjeds, who weary with the contimiai toils and miferies of War, were now delirous of nothing more then to repofe themfelves in the downy armes of Peace. After which Betfc^ called an aflembly of the Eftates of recom- mending to them the care or preferving inviolable the Ai Licles, and the fpeedy Eledion of a PaUttncy and that above all things they would maintain and incourage the Reformed Religion, and in the next Aflembly labour to have the Article for burning He- rcticks repealed, and as much as in them lay to re- ftore the lolt Trade of the fpoiled Provinces. Thefe things done fell lick, which licknels increafirg he greatly bewailed his late Rebellion, and the blood therein Ihed, wilhing nothing more then that before he died, he could beg pardon for the fame of the whole Roman Empire, yet had not his wifli, but of that licknefs died at Cojfovia^ on the 30th. of December-, i6c6. perfwading in the time of hisficknefsfuch as had been his followers to ad- here to the Emperours interelt, yet his Counfel was not lb well oblerved, but that after his death (not- withftanding Matthias the Arch-Duke had cauled hiralelf to be Crowned King of Hungary^ including the Principality Iranfihania) there wanted not fbme who afpired to the Title of Prince, which eaufed new difcontents, but with relinquilhing of that Title they vanifhed. Achmat having made Peace with the Emperour, refolved to turn his arms againlt the Perfian King and AJian Rebels, againft whom Anno 16:7. early in the Spring he fent the Vizar Bafa-, who by Po- licy more then ftrength appeafed the latter, when upon notice that the Balfa of Alefifo had over- M m 2 throwm \’j6 The Tkrhijf) Hijlory. thrown the Bafla’s of TripoUs and Daucafco-, and that at the requeit of the Sultan he refufed to lay down his arms, he marched againft him with One Hundred Thirty Thoufand men, which puiffant Ar- my the BafTa of Aleppo incountered with Fourty Thoufand, and in three Battles remained vidor ; but upon notice that the BalTa’s of Damafeo and Tri- polis, were coming to the Aid of the Vizar Bafla with great Forces, and he by reafon of the lofs he had fuftained not able to withftand their united povv^er fled, with mod of his Friends to the Moun- tains. Yet at the interceflion of the Vizar BafTa but more for fear he fiiould revolt to the Per/ia», he was afterwards pardoned and received into fa- vour ; upon which the King of wrote to the King of Spain^ intreating him to joyn Forces with him againft the common Enemy, but more efpecially to fend his Ships of War into the Gulf, and the ra- ther to induce him fo to dohefent him feveral rich pre Tents. ■ Whilfl thefe things palldl the Turkifh Garri- fons, wTo for the moft part lived by fpoiles, im- patient of Peace with theChriflians committed fome outrages, and fecretly incouraged the Heyducks to commit more, of which Achmat having notice fent flridiy to charge the Bafla of B/^da^ not (upon pain of his head j to infringe the Capitulation, where- upon Six Hundred Heyducks being abroad, and not affifled by the Turks as they expedted, were inter- cepted by Himr.mins an Imperial Captain and almoft all of them flain ^ yet Toon after the kind of proling men aflembling to the number of Fifteen Thoufand laid liege toTtlesl,^ having for their incouragement received Three Hundred Thoufand Duccates, by the order of the Turkifn Sultan , and great Ordnance The Turhip) hhflory. 1 77 (the better to inablethem to take the Tow a, which they were to deliver to the Tarks) from ArHaT, upon notice whereof the Hmgiirim Eftates Alferi]- bled at Presbm-g^ but by reafon of the abfence of the Arch-Duke, who by the Emperours appoints ment was to have fat as Prelident, there was no- thing worthy of mention tranfafted , whereupon an Imperial Diet was allembled at Rutisbon-, where after debating many matters the Deputies of the leveral Princes fell at variance amongll themfelves, which ftill increaiing notvvithllanding the indea- vours ufedto prevent it, the Arch-Duke then Pre- fident difmilled the aflembly. Thefe great Councils proving froitiefs , Trou- bles and Difcontent in the uulcctled Provinces of Hungary., Aupria, &C- arofe, to alay which the Arch-Duke came to Freiburg and aiTembled the EUates, who out or them [elves chule GommhiTioners toappealethe Tumults on foot, to hear and deter- mine ail Grievances, who fo well performed theip trulls that Peace for a while infued. Affairs k5o3. Handing thus in ^igga-ry, &c. about the beginning of Spring Jerome Prince o(b^ala- chia died leaving behind him a Son about 1 3 years of Age whom the Emperonr admitted ( as yet not be- ing capable to manage the adairs of Government under Tutors) unto the Succelfion of the Principa- lity, which thing the V'alachians not being willing to endure, and bearing themfelves upon the Turks, went about to Eledl another Prince, for which caufe the Princefs, Widow to the deceafed Tayvod, by Letters certified Pollofcie her Son-in-Lavv of the in- tended outrage of her Subjells, and having received of him a great fumm of money, Leavied Ten Thou- fandgood Souldiers to f;care her Sons right, who M m3 in 17 8 Tke TnrJi^ip Hijiory. in a great Battle overthrew fuch forces of ans^ Turks and Tartars as the Nobility had raifed to oppofe the Succeflion of the young Prince, and by that means preferved the Principality to the behoof of her Son, but what had like to have proved ^atal to Chriftendomy\w2s the difference ariling between the Em- perour and the Arch-Duke Matthias upon the latters laying abfolute claim to the Crown of Hmgary^ without acknowledging to hold it of the Empire, but when both parties had armed and matters had like to have come to extremity, feveral Princes labour- ed fo far therein that a Pacification was made, and the Arch-Duke having received the Infigns of Royalty, from the Emperours AmbafTadors upon acknow- ledging him his Soveraign, broke up his Camp and returned to Vienna y where he was joyfully received. Yet the Proteftant Eftates of aiuftria , refufed to fwear Allegiance to him, till he had confirmed the Article of free exercife in matters of Religion, which he for a confiderable time refufing to do, great T roubles had thereupon like to have arifen \ for the Pr^eftant Eftates not regarding his Regal Authority rurther then ftood with the Articles of Pacification, for non performance thereof betook themftlves to Arms, but the Eftates of and Moravia interpofing, all was for a while quiet, the Kingpromifing that although for fear of dilpleafing the Pope and King of S^ainy he could not tolerate the Reformed Religion, yet he would wink at the free exercife throughout his Dominions, and that as to the dilpofal of Offices and places of Truft, he would make no diftinflion in Religion, but beftow them according to the merits of his Subjects : Up- on which the Eftates proceeded to the Eledtion of a Pdatincy which honourable Dignity they beftowed on IUiJhafcuiSy3. Nobleman of Hungary ywho faithfully dif- The TurlJJJ) Hijlory. 17^ difeharged his truil for the fpace of one year and then died to the great grief of the Hmga,riuint carryed Captive into Polonia-t nor was TraKfylvaniaixtQUOin fraction and civil dilienlionoccafioned by one (?/e;Ljfetup by the Bafia of to oppofe the Palatine of Hungary^ to whom that Province, according to the late Arti- cles of peace does appertain, but the upffart finding his Forces too weak too grafp the Government foon after relinquiffied his claime. u^chmatthc more toamufethe Pr.-fan Ambafisdor, and oblige him to wonder at his greatnefs, refolved to ffievv himfelf in all his pomp, and thereupon ma- king as if he went to Din nt Baffx to rake the air, after a dayes ftay, returned in this manner. Before him a great number of men at Anns marched on horfc- 1 86 The TurkiJIi Hijlorj* horfe-back, and after them fome Troops of Foot \ The Cadies of Conftantimfle-, or his chief Jufticersj Then all the Talifmans^ or thofe of Mahomets Law in great number ; then the Vizar Bafias in great fplendor ; after whom followed ten of the Sultans houfhold, leading ten goodly horfes in rich Capari- fons, the laft ot which had a Bridle and Saddle pondered with precious Hones, and unto the faddle was faftned the Snltans Target , and upon | it were faftened Tallels of Pearls , hanging almoft with the ground , and over thefe a horle-cloth richly imbroidered with Pearl, after which follow- ed the reft of the Sultans houlhold in divers Troops, firft fifty Janiz.aries on foot, every one of them leading dogs in Lelhes, for the moft part Irifh- grey- hounds, prefented to him a little before by the French AmbalTador, next to whom in order lucceedcd the Sultans Footmen called Pelks, who were Perfi- cms born, all well attired, wearing on their heads bonets of Silver, after the Indian fafliion. Then fixty Archers, in the midft of whom came Sultan ylchmat attired in a rich robe of Cloath of Gold, imbroidered with Pearls and Diamonds, and his Have clad in the fame manner, his Turbantwas covered with a Plume of black Feathers, inriched with great Diamonds, and a chain of the fame ftones, about the lower part of it upon his fingers he had Diamonds of fuch largenels, as they call admira- ble light •, his horfe had Caparifons imbroidered with Diamonds, Pearls, and other precious ftones, the Ground being Gold, and the ftirrups of beaten Gold fet with Diamonds, and from his Horlesneck hung great Tallels of Pearl, of a more than ordi- nary fize ^ after him there followed three men on Horfeback, the one carrying his Cloak, the other his arms, and the third his Imperial Turbant, and thefe were attended on by certain Efquires on horfe- back.- The Turh^JJ} Hijlorj. 187 back. Then came the Mufick after the Turkilh manner, confifting of lixty men on Horfeback, which played upon Fiefs , Chardons and Trum- pets ; next followed one hundred of the Sultans Pa- ges bravely mounted, followed by as many Eu* nuches, fifty of w'hich carryedeach of them a Fal- con upon his fill, having their heads inriched with Diamonds:, after them came thirty Guards of the Port, and fifty Falconers and Huntsmen, richly at- tired, each of them carrying upon his faddle bow a Leopard covered all but the head with aCloathof Gold attended on by an other train of Pages, very beautiful, chofen fromamongfl; the Tribute infants, having their Garments befet with pretious ftones, the ground being Cloath of Gold curled, and after thefe followed a Troop ot youths in plain attire, who were appointed to ferve the pages ^ The rear of which procefilon was clofed wdth all the great Officers of the Turkijh Empire, that were then refident at Conftaminople^ and to make the Magnificence more compleat, as the Archers palTed by the Sultans lodg- ing 100 pieces of Silk, were caft amongft them. Four days after this pompous ffiew Jchmat gave Au- dience to ihtPerfan AmbalTador, who prefented him on the behalf of the King his Mailer, with 100 Bales of Silk, a Beazor ilone, as big as a mans fill, 9 bags of Turquoifes of a foot and half long, and above a finger broad, leveral rich pieces of Tapiilry, interwoven with Silk and Gold, with fome other things of great price, amongft which he delivered hismafters Letters-, whereupon they began to treat of peace, which foon after was accorded principally upon thefe Articles : Firft, That the Perfian King ffiould pay unto the Turkiih Sultan yearly by way of Tribute two hundred Camells Loads of Silk, That the King of Perfta*s Son ffiould be called Baj]a of and that the loo The TirkiO) Hrfloyv. the CaM or Soveraign Jndge of that City fnould be fent from Cofiftuntimple. The Peace thus concluded to the advantage of the Turks and difhonour of iht Perjtans^ the Ambafiador with many rich prefents, was difmifled, leaving all-' molt all his Retinue behind him dead of the plague j nor did he long furvive them, for upon his arrival at Taitris^ his mafter underllanding upon what dif- honourable Terms he had concluded the peace, caufed his head to be cut off, and fent back the Chians that was come with his AmbalTador to fee him f.vear the peace, fo that not long after all vanlfhed into no^ thing. During thefe TranfaTions, Rado'phns the Emperor died, to fucceed whom the Eledoral Princes made choice of his brother Matthias King of Hungary^ wTo upon his taking upon him the Imperial fway, lent his Amballadors to Confiantitiop'e to intreat a confirma- tion of the peace made between his brother deceafed, and the Sultan^ and to complain of the daily out- rages committed in his Province of Tranfylvania.yh\it the Turk who keep no League any longer then it turns to their advantage, not only refufed to rtf- dref, the grievances in but denyed the Emperor to have any right to that. Province , al- though in the League it was exprefly mentioned, that dying with out Heirs male, the Principality fhould totally remain a member of the Roman Em-r pire, but after all was faid that could be laid, the Ambaflador was difinifled vathout the lafisfaftion he expeffed. About theend of Scptcmbcy-) Anno 1612, great trou- bles arole in tlic Kingdoms of and Morocco oc- ca'ioned by a quarrel be tvv’een the Prince Xerif- A4u- le)'-Cid.m and XeriC- "^Anley- Achet- Bsn-aibdula his ne- phew, when after many battles fought between them^ The TmkjJId Hijloty. > them, the latter was overthrown, and in his flight llain, having drawn the people into Rebellion againfb his uncle under the pretence of a Prophelic that foretold his rife, and the flourilhing State of Barbayy under his Government , which Prophecy himlelf not long before invented, yet many imagi- ned that he dealt by inchantment, and often would he boaftthat no Bullet could hurt him, and indeed many were the Vidories he gained over OWrf«,even with a handful of men in comparilbn to the great Armies which Cida?7 lead againft him, his Allegation was that he was fent from Heaven to purge the world of wicked men. Aboucchis time thcEftatc& oftheUnitcrl Trovinces under Prince Mdurice, Cent Cornelius Huge their Amballador to Conjiantinovle with Commiflion to treatofthe deliverance oftlie ' aptive HolUnders^t\\zi had bin takenby theTurkifhGallies, and to require free Traffick in all the Ports of the Ottoman Empire in confideration of which to propofe perpetual Amity with the Sultan, in all which he fucceeded lo well, that the SpaniOt King was not a little grieved thereat,though himfelfvvas afterward obliged to enter into League with the Turk. Tranfilvania altogether dilquieted , and weakned by civil difeord, the Snltatt thought it a fit time to reduce that Province to his obedience, and there- fore raifed a mighty Army and marthed diredlly thi- ther but whilft he was on his way Fortifying all the important places in his paflage, Cofnia d' Medicis the great Duke of Titfcarjy^ letting out a Fleet of Gallies fpoiled the Sea Coafts in tlie Mediterranean^ and took many places from the Turks andamongfl: therefl; the ftrong City with 2 Gallics that lay in the Port putting a number of Turks to the Sword by whole example 1613. the Gallies of Sicily let out and deflroyed the Turks Gallies in the Levant ^ making terrible fpoil on the Sea- Coalt landing fcvcral times on the Iflandsof Chios^ Samos and Cyfrtts , taking rich fpoils and freeing many Chrifiian Captive:;, to oppole whom Ten N n Turkilh 190 Th TurUJfj Hijlory. Turkifii Gallies came but after a terrible engagement, leven of them fell into the Chriftians hands, and one was funk, the other two hardly efcaping under the fhelter of the night. - JchmMs Army arriving in committed many outrages^ but upon notice thzt Bethlem Gabor was acknowledged Prince under the protedion of the Sultan, and had fent his fubmifllon to him, the Tempefl; of War'grew'calm, and theTurkifli pow- er dreadful to the GermanEm^irQ returned to Conftan- at what time Sigifmund Battor the Warlike VxmQQ oiTra-afilvania-^ who had depofed himfelfand was retired to Fragne, there to lead a private Life died j but the Turks upon their arrival at tinople found the City almoft delblate by realbn the Plague raged there fo, thit ^chmat and all his fol- lowers retired themfelves to Darat Eafla, till the Contagion ceafcd, and then in great pomp entered the City, publiniing- an Edi(ft that all the Dogs therein fhould, be tranfported to Sent ary in jifia-, formerly called, Chirfopchs,. but the Inhabitants of that place, not willhig to be troubled with fuch Guefts, although proviiion was allowed them, hum- 1 bly befought the Emperor to ;dilpofe of them elle- ! where, fc thnt they were to the number of Fifty | Thoufand put on fhoar in a defolate Ifland where they all perilhed. The reafon why they were not killed was for that the Afnfrih^d told ^chmat it was not lawful, alledging that Dogs had Souls. To conclude this year 1613 the King up- ^ on a fufpicion that the j4rmenia7:s were about to ; reconcile themfelves to the Pope, and yield obedi- ence to the See of Pewf, which fufpicion was ground- : ed upon forged Letters, he earned Twelve Hundred of them to be put to death, and kept Itraightly impri- ' The Turl^JJj HiJiorj. 191 imprifoned double that number which made the Circajfiam t Georgians-, and Armenians with Other Eaftern Chriftians fend their AmbalTadors to mat imploring Aid to proted them from the rage of the Perftans., to counterpoife which the Per/ian King lent likewife his Ambalfador, but the SHlt^an would not admit him to Audience, tillfuch time as he heard his Malter had ftayed the Periecu- tion. r ,'i i . - Anno 1614. divers direful Prodigies werefeenin: Hungary., Silefia, Anjltia-, and others parts of Chrt- (lendom, which greatly amazed mod: people, who fuppofed them to be, the forerunners of great cala^ mities but nothing followed except the dovvnfat and death of the NajJkfihQ grand Vizar, who fell- from the top of Honour into the depth ofmilery- by offending his foon offended Mailer, and by the Saltans Command was by Befianges Balia fain in his own houle, and that Head which during the time he Hood high in the Sa'tans favour, had Governed the whole Ottoman Empire, fhicken off and carried as a prelent to Achmat-, and in his Head APechmn who had Marryed the Sultans Daughter was made chief Vizar. Tranfylvania now rent from the German Empire, theEmperour laboured to recover it, and for that purpole fentleveral trufly Councelorsto deal with the Nobility to call olf the Turkilli yoke, and to return to their former obedience *, of which the Turkilh Sultan getting notice, lent to the Emperor to admonilh him to keep inviolate the peace con- cluded between them, and not to meddle in the af- fairs of Tranfylvania., though at the lame time, by his Hollilities in Hungary he had manifeltly broke it, to which the Emperor rcplyed he was on his part N 11 :• le- 192 The Turkij^j Hijlory. refol^red to keep the peace inviolate though the ShU tan had already broken the Articles of the League, but as to his tamely parting with his Province of Tranfylvania confirmed to him by the fame League, he would refolve nothing therein till he hadconfulted Princes of the Empire, with which anfwer the Chims returning to Conftantinople. The Emperor Aflembling the Eftates, laid before them the juft Grievances of his Subjects, and the in- dignities offered to himfelf, with the manifeft breach of the League on the part of the Turks, in not only aflifting his Rebels, but with great Companies of themfelves, making great fpoil in his Hereditary Countries. To which the Eftates anfwered, that with all their power they would maintain the Digni- ty of the Emperor,and defend the Empire, of which refolve Mhmat was no fooner advertized, but the better to encourage BethUm Gabor ^ to invade the Emperors Frontiers, he fent him a ftrong power un- der the command of Sander Baffa, with which he belieged Ljppa.zndh^d it delivered to him, as he had alfo had feveral other places of lefs importance, which places were put into the poffeffion of the Turks, but to remain part of the Jranfylvanian Principa- lity. Affairs ftanding thus in Tranfylvania , Moldavia, was at the fame afflidted, and brought low by the Tyranny ofSteykaro their f^ayvod,yfiiho the better to fecurc him in his Eftatc, had caufed moft of the No- bility to be cruelly and fhamefully murthered, upon which the Moldavians difdaining the Tyrants rule, who was wont to fc.y, that he valued not his Subjects love, ft) they feared him, rofe in Arms againfthim, (hcofing for their Prince Alexander fon to Jeremy their former who with a great power en- toirg the C ornticy, fad n ary fliorg places put in- to The Tnrk,iJ7} Hiftorj. 1 93 to his poITefTion, which the Tyrant nnderilandi ng, and finding ths hatred of his Subjefts generally- bent againfi; him, he fled , till flrengthened by a fupply of Turks and Tartars, he again returned, and gave the Prince Battle, but was therein over- thrown *, after which Klexinder was proclaimed with the confentof all the Nobility of Moldavia^ whereupon he lent AmbalTadors to the Grand Seigni- our, to inform him that he would do nothing pre- judicial to his Imperial Ma;efty,but that what he had done was at the inltance of the Nobility, to free the Gountrey from a Tyrant, but e’r thefc Ambaf- fadors could arrive at Confimtinofle they were im- prifoned, at the commandment of the Balia of Bad4y and being afterward put into the po wer of Stephano^ he caufed their heads to be cut off and their bodies to be caft into the Danube^ and then having re- cruited his Forces, returned again into Moldavia-, where in a fecond battle he was overthrown, and molt of his Army flain, himfelf hardly efcaping to Michnut Prince of f^aUchla-j but foon after Alexan- der., having notice that the faid Michnmnd Hebra- im a Turkilh BalTa were raifing great Forces to aflilt Stephana, he lent Boyartsk^ye his Ambaflador to Michna to make him his friend, or at leafl: to perfwadehins to defifl; from taking part with the Tyrant, but. the proud Bafla, contrary to the will of the y ^yv^d Mich- na, cabled the Ambalfador to be clapped in Irons, and lent prifoijer to Confiantsnople, where upnn his arrival, contrary to the Law of Nations he was con- demned to the Gallies, to ex'cufc which, the Vay^ vod fent an Ambaflador to Prince Alexander, pro • mifing him that unlefs it were by the abfolute coiri- maud of the Grand Siegniour, which he duril net difobey, he would not affi It his Competitor, and at [ the fa:n;tim: it being rumoured that Bethle'nG.-Jjsy N n 3 was The Hiflory. was likewife railing Forces to invade Moldavia^ the Prince fent an other Amballador to him, who to the Amballador protefted his innocency therein, and that he intended no harm to Alexander his mafter, but on the contrary greatly delired his friendlhip, and for his fathers fake would alfift him in what lay in his power, but that which caufed a great trouble in Moldavia was the death of Prince who waspoifoned by a Greek Prieh; in receiving the Sa- crament, for which the impious adtor was fryed to deatlrin a wyer chair, having firft confelled that he was induced to commdt that hellifh exploite, at the inltance of the Princes enemy, who upon the Priefts detection were fled* Anno i6i.. at the inceflant intreaty of Stephana the Saltan fent Skinder Balia with a powerful Army to i to reltore him to the Vayvod-lliip of Moldavia.^ j whereupon Prince Alexander lent to his triends as w’dl in Poloma2iS in other parts of Chrift:endom,to Aid him againlt the Common Enemy, and there- upon received great Aid, efpecially out of Polonia^ under the leading of Prince who Ihortly af- ter INtarryed the Princefs Alexandrina , Sifter to Prince Alexander , and having refrelhed the Army, the two Princes as joynt Commanders , marched againlt the and in a fet battle overthrew him near unto together with the Forces of fhano, and purfuing their Vidory entered Valachia^ where entering without reliltance, he was by the Eltates of that Province, intreated to take up- on him the P^ayvodflnp-^ for that they being weary of the Turkilh thraldom, from which Michna their Vayvod had abfolutely refuled to free them, they refolved for that reafon to chule an other, but the Prince refuled the charge , he would not deprive his friend of his polfeffion , yet conlented that Prince The TurkjJIj Hijlory, Prince Cherhanne fon to the late Vayvod Ihould take the charge upon him, but whilft thefe things were in agitation Shindar Ba{}'a had gathered a great povverj and proclaimed ]Aichna V ayvod of Meldaviaj Stephans byreafonof his frequent overthrows, being now fal- len into difgrace with the Sultan^ and on a fudden the faid with his multitude invironed the Princes Camp, where he together with his mother, Prince Coreskici and his fair Princefs ^lexandrina were ta- ken prifoners, as were all the Camp, except five hun- dred Polonians^ who under the leading of the Lord Tischevtflj cut their way through the Army of the Turks, yet for a long time the Princes remained dif- guifed amonglt the common prifoners, in hopes of being admitted to their ranfoms, but at length all except the Princefs hlexandrina were carryed to Con- Jlantinople ^ but fhe falling into the hands of a Tarta- Captain, was carryed into Tanary^ where (he was hardly dealt with, till at length fhe wasranfom- ed for 3000 Chequins^ having during her Captivity been delivered of a fair fon. The year following the Turks fpoiled the Seacoafl 1‘owns of Italy-, taking many rich prizes, and had the like repayed them by the Chriftian Galliesin the "Mediterranean-, and greater mi (chiefs had infued had not Achmet the Turkifh Sultan died, having lived thirty years, and reigned fifteen, appointed by rea- fon of his fons minority, his brother Mufiapha whom he had a long time kept prifoner, to fuccccd him in the Ottoman Empire. The TitrkjJJj HiJIory, ' 190 CHAP. XIX. Mullapha the fir ft of that TSLame ISlinth Em^ petmr of the Turks his Life and JSiions, AChmat being dead Mnjlafha his Brother, ( the Firft that had been faved alive fince theJoun- dation of the Ottoman Empire ) fiiccteded him by his appointment, his Children of which Of- man was the Eldeft being too weak to fway the j Scepter of foniighty an Empire. So that this I fiapha^ brought from a flraight Prifon every day ex- ' peding Death, now advanced to a Throne to rule the Eaft, forgeting his former devout Life, began to Tyrannize over his Subjeds more then his Pre- decelTors *, which caufed him to be hated of many, efpecially for that heitnprifoned the French Ambaf- fador and his fervants, breaking thereby the Law of Nations ^ upon pretence'that they had been inftru- mental in the efcape of Prince Coreskie out of the Black Tower, who by the afliftance of a Greek Prieft deftended from the top thereof, on a rople Ladder drawn up by a bottom of Packthred brought in a Pie to thefaid Prince by the Ambadadors Se- cretary, though contrary to his knowledge, with the Prince likewife efcaped one Rigaat a French Cap- tain, who by the affidanceof the faid Prieft, difgui- fed in Prieftly Veflmentsfor that purpofe prepared, got paflage into Italy-, nctwithflanding all the Ports were befet with their purfuers. Nor was the Am- baffador only imprifoned but his fervants andhim- felf The TnrkiJIy Hijiory. 197 felf evilly intreatedi efpecially the former, two of which were put to the torture according to the Turkifti manner, which is to lay them upon their Belly on a Table, and to beat their Buttocks, the Calves of their Legs, and Soles of their Feet, with aflat ftaff, giving them ere they ceafe 100 or 200 blows, yet the Servants confefled nothing, where- upon they caught a Weaver being a Turk, whole Shop was near the Ambafladors houfe: whom they tortured in the like manner, but he as the others had done could reveal nothing againft the Ambaflador, who for all that was obliged to pay 30000 Sultanies for his own releale and his Servants. Thele and fucb like inlblencies, together with the Imprifonment of young Ofman and his Brethren , made the Grand Vizar, who was then on the Confines of Per[ia to haite to Conftantinofle with his Army, at whofe ap- proach Ofman was taken outof Prifon and Proclaim- ed Eraperour (fo fuddain are the changes of fortune in great as well as little affairs) and the proud Sultan Mufiapha inforced for fear of the inraged Souldiers to betake himlelf again to his Cell, or rather Pri- fon, where for awhile I lhall leave him, and relate what happened during the Reign of Ofman. CHAP. ■ I- . The TurkjJJ} Hijlcry. CHAP. XX. Tl)e Life and Atiions of Ofman the Firjl of that ISlame , Tenth Emperour of the Turks. The Uncle after he had proudly Tyrannized for the fpace of two Months, being depofed, the Nephew was advanced to his Fathers Throne , being not full Thirteen years of Age, wherefore he was wholly governed by the Vizar BalTa, as was alfo the whole Ottoman Empire, when the firll thing of moment that happened was the complaint of the French King, by two Gentlemen lent for that purpoie, by whom he demanded repa- ration of the new Emperour for the' indignity he had fuftained by the Imprifonment of his Ambafla- dor, and the evil treating 'of his Servants, letting him underhand that he could not fend any other Ambaflador to his Court to condole the Death of Saltan Achmat his Father, nor congratulate his com- ing to the Empire till he had received fatisfaftion from him becoming his dignity, and the wrongs he had received in his Ambaflador. The Grand Vizar and hearing this Embaf lie, and confidering what had pafled, advertifed the young Emperour to fend an AmbaflTador to the moft Chriftian King, to Confirm the League, and to te- ftifie both by Words and Letters , how much he was diflatisfied for his difeontent j whereupon Vri Chiaas The 7'nrJ{ip} H^orj. 199 Chiatu was fent with ample iiaftrudions, and lb great an acknowledgment of the wrong done to the Ba- ron of A/o/f, that the French King refted fatisfied, and calling the faid AmbalTador home, he fent the Earl of Sez.i to fncceed him as Ambaflador at Qnjlan- tinople. The War continuing between the Turks and Per- fians^ about this time a great Battle was fought be- tween them, wherein the Turks prevailing put the Perjtans to flight with the loll of Ten Thouland of them, and thereupon the Bafla General of the Tur- kifh Army, profecuting his vidory entered into the heart of Perfia^ wafting with Fire and Sword all that ftood in his way, but at length having through daily skirmiihes with the Enemy, and Difeales ari- ling from want and evil Diet, loft a third part of his Army, he accepted of the Sophies propofalsof Peace,' which were that he would yearly pay the Tribute of Silks, and at prelent relieve his Army with all things necelTary. This Peace concluded by the BaflTa was allowed on by the Emperour and Ra- tified at Conflantinople ■) whereupon Two Hundred Cammels laden with Silks were for many years after lent to the Emperour according to Agree- ment. Amio 1618. A fearful Comet was leen over the City Con^antimple^ inform likeaTurkifli Scimi- ter, placed near unto the Zenith under the Horizon, of a fiery colour, appearing very terrible for the fpace of eight nights which made many conjedure it the forerunner of great bloodlhed. Vri Chians returning out of Prance after he had difpatched his affairs at that Court, came into Eng- land^ where he was received and conduded to the Court, 200 The Tfirkijl) Hijlory. Court, and had Audience of King James his Speech being as falloweth^ The Molt True Incomprehenfible and Molt ^ High God, increale an^ multiply your Majc- fties years, in all happinefs, Amen^ Q Thou Lord of the World. TH E mofl invincible ■, moji mighty , And majl happy Sultan Ofinan Chano/ the Othoman Empire Mmarcht fendeth to your excellent Ma- jejiy a l^mdredthoafand Salutations and Greetings-, ever- more praying the mifl High God, for your Majeflies hap^ pynefs, fendeth to your Highnefs with all poffble Honour and Renown, this his Imperial, and rntf Noble Letter,, and with all hopeihthat the Sacred bond of Peace, which hath been hitherto inviolably on your Majejiies pan kept and obferved , your Majefiy will be pleafed fill an your part, with daily increafes of mire and more Friend- fhip earneflly to continue therein. And his Imperial Ada- jefiy on his behalf is a'fo refolved in Idte manner evermore pmUually to keep and continue the fame. Alfo the moji Mighty Emprrours Eutor, and his chief Vilier Bajfa, hath addreffed to the du(i of your Noble Feet, this his moJl Honourable Letter, with a Thoufand eommendations,praying everlaftinHy the Mighty G od, for Tour Majeflies long Life and Happynefs. Alfo Tour Majeflies A mb aff a dor at Conitantinople, your Have Paul Pindar bowing his forehead to the dufl of your Majeflies Feet, and humbly ki[f>fg your Highneffes bleffedFeet, hath direbled unto your Mijefly this his fub miff ve Letter. , This Speech ended, and the Emperours Letter delivered with fuch other as the Cniaus brought, he was by the Kings commind in great fplendor con- ducted Tl.e Turljjh t^ijlcry. 20 1 dufted to his Lodging) where after five or fix days ftay, he came again to Whitehall and made his conjue of leave upon his departure in thefe words, as near as they can be Tranllated out of the Tur- kifii Language. Mojl happy Ftnpercifr, fu 1 have with my cvm hands bovsing my felf to the dujl of your Princely feet, pre- fented unto your Excellent Majejly, the mejl mighty and high Sultan Ofman my Lord and Mafer his Imperial Letter^ folikevttfe I befeech your Majefiy^ that you scid be pleajed in conformity thereof-^ to vouchfafe your Prince- ly anfmr by your noble Letter ^ and to deliver the fame into the hands of me your fave-, and be ever partal^r of all blejfednefs and happinefs. After he had made this Oration and received the Kings Letters, he was conduced to Dover by feve- ral of the Nobility, where imbarking in one of His Majefties Ships he failed to Confianttneple. jinno 1619 great trouble arole in Bohemia upon the Emperours lending an Army into that Country to lupprels the Proteftant Religion there flourilh- ing, fo that the Proteftants tired with the cruelties of the popilh Souldiers fent to Bethlem Gabor Prince of Tranflvaniay to acquaint him with the Rate of their affairs, who after he had obtained leave of the Grand Signeour, came with an Army of Eighteen Thoufand men into Hungary^ and took many Towns, fpoiling the Countrey as he went, nor fo contented but he entered j^ujiria-, Stiria^ and Carin- thia-t fubdued all before him without oppefition, but fearing if the Bohemians Ihculd be fubdued, the ftorm would fall upon him, he would not make a League with the Ecfcew/Vjw tell he was allured ofthe Grand SigncoursaQ’flarce in cafe hi^ afl'airsrcquired it 202 The Turk^Jl) Hijlory, it whereupon he frat- his Ambaflador to Confiamim^ fie i who fo dealt with the grea,t Balia’s of the Court that by their advice Ofman fwore to protedl him, and becaufe the Oath for the Arrange word- ing of it will not be amifs to be recited I lhall here infert it verbatim. Sultan Ofman.) ‘‘ T> Y the Grace of God unconquerable Turkilh “ 13 Emperour Swears, byithehighell Almighties, “ and Almighty Gods Hblinefs, by his Kingdom, “ by the fubllrance of the Heavens, the Sun, the “ MoOn, and the Stars, by. the Earth, and all un- ‘‘ der the Earth, by the Brains and all the hairy fcalp of my Mother, by my Head, and all theftrength ‘‘ of m.y Soul and Body, by the Holy and great Ma- hornet) by my Circunldlion, That I thee my “ Brother and Son Bethlem fucceeding King of Hungaria in no manner of way in thy great and weighty .affairs will leave, though it be to the “■ overthrow of my Kingdom to be brought to no- thing, until there lhall be no more left but my “ felf, or four or five Turks at the molt, yet will I “• be ftill obliged to defend thee, and allthofe that do any ways appertain unto thee, and if thou “ Ihalt have need of me, I lhall be always ready to “ go with thee, and incaferthismy promifelhall in ‘‘ any wife be frnltrated, then let Gods Juftice fall upon my Head and deltroy me and my pofterity, “ and wipe away whatfoever belongeth unto me, “■ and gather it together into a Rock ofltone or fubffance of Earth, and that the Earth may cleave “ infunder and fvvallow me Body and Soul. t Dated at Conllantinoplef/je5?l?. of Jan. i6ip. The The Turhjfi Hijiory. 205 The Tr/mfilvanian by this Oath aflbred of the Grand Signeours favour fent his'Ambaifadors to Prague, where meeting with the CommilTioners lent thither for that purpofe by the States of Pa- hemia, a perpetual League was concluded, and in Jme following the Prince aflembled the Eftates of Hangary at Nevohaufell, where he propoled to them the necelTity of railing ail Army, to defend the Pro- vinces, againfb the Fotces of the Imperialills, who by their great preparations made it vilible that they would no peace till they "had deftroyed all the Proteftants, to this motion the Eltatcs conlented, when at the fame time came their Ambafladorsfroni the Grand Signeour, the Venetians and Tolonims, all which made in the names of the refpedive princi- pals'a Leagiie with Gabor, which fo much pleafed the Eftates of Hungary, willing to Ihake off the Imperial yoke that by the advice of their Palatine, the TranjUvaman was proclaimed King of Hungary, upon which railing an Army of Fifty Thoufand Horle and Foot, he fubduedalmcft all Anjlria, Ca- rinthiai and Stiria, before the Emperours Forces could take the Field in any- fit nuniber to make head againft him, at what time fiicH a fear was brought upon the great City of Henna, that with the Em- perours confent the Proteftants remaining therein, lent their Deputies humbly to befeech hinh that he would fpare the City and Countrey for theirs their Wives and Childrens fakes. About this time a ftrange apparition was feen in the Air over Medina Taluabi in Arabia, where the Impoftor lyes buryed, which terrilicd all the Countrey thereabouts, and was as followeth, about the 20th. of Septe/nber at midnight there hap- pened a terrible Tempeft, accompanied with fuch prodigious Thunder and Lightning, that many think- 204 Turkfp Hijlorf. thinking the diflblution of all things was it hand* leaped out of their Beds to gaze on the Element, at firft feeming all on Fire, and then covered with thick darknefs, after which all was ferene and calm, when in Arabian Charadlers thefe words appeared in the Firmament, viz.. O why will you believe in liesy and foon after a Woman beautiful to behold, arrayed in white and incompafled with rayes of Light ap- peared, holding in her hand a book, coming from the North, and oppofite againft her were feen Ar- mies of Turks, Perfiansy and other Mahometansy be- ing fo conjedured by their garbs ranged in Battaliay ready to charge her, but /he keeping her Handing no fooner opened the book but they all fled, upon which aluddain murmur as of a Whirlwind troubled the Air, and immediately the lamps that were pla- ced about Mahomets Tomb went out, and in this manner the Prodigy appeared for feveral nights to- gether, whereupon a Dervice or Religious Turk un* dcrtaking to expound the meaning of that unufual light, and declaring that it forefnewed the over- throw of the Mahometan fuperftition, he was there- fore miferably put to death, calling to the laft up- on the Woman with the Book to lave him, and he had no fooner given up the ghoft but a fearful Tempefl infued. Amo 1610 Gafparo the cxpul/ed Vayvod of Mol- davia affiltcd by the Polifh Cojfacksy and liich other Troops as he could raife • invaded Aloldaviay in which the Sultan had placed another FisyW, and in revenge of a defign the Turks had toftrangle him during his rayvodjhipy made great fpoil putting all the Turks he found to the Sword, and reducing great part of that Province to his obedience, which caufed the Sultan to raife a great power, drawing all his choice Forces out of both the A/ias to the num' The TmkiJJy Hijlcry. 205 rjurUber of Two hundred thoufand and caufed agreat Fleet of Gallies to put to Sea , which fpoiled the Coalt of Sicilia and Landing Five Thoufand Turks in the Kingdom of Napes , fur prized the ftrong Town of Manfredonia-, carry 1500 Chriftians into miferable Captivity, and then joyning with the Pirates of Argier they made a defcent upon the Ifland of Jamja near Majorca^ poflelfed by the Spa- mards-y which liland they took making great fpoil, putting to the Sword and carrying into Captivity all the Inhabitants. The Turks thus fuccefsful at Sea made them the lefs doubt their fuccefs by Land, therefore having found an occafion of quarrel with the Poloman King^ for that the CoJJacks in revenge of the injury they fuftained by the Tartars^ had manned out many fmall vefTels and fpoiled the Turks Sea-Coall Towns upon the Bofp 'hormy giving an overthrow to their Gallies, and brought away great fpoiles) Of- man in perfon at the head of 300000 men, pafling through Moldavia which he again reduced to the obedience of the new Vayvod^ he QwtQiQd Podalia Anno Dom. 1611. where he found the great Chan- celour of Poland, and the Prince Son to the Polo- nian King ftrongly. intrenched with an Array of 50000 refolute Souldiers, and becaufe he could not draw them out of their ftrengths he with his mul- titude inclofed their Camp. So that by the fre- quent attacks and fallies that were made, a great number were flain on both Tides, but efpecially of the Turks •, during which the Tartarian Prince then aflifting^/w^« v/ith 30000 light Horiemen march- ed into the heart of Poland burning and deftroying all before him in a moll terrible manner, and upon Ills return to the Camp befides other fpoils brought with him 25000 Prifoners of the poor Countrey O o peo- 2g6 The TiirkiJJ) Hijiory. people which his ravenous erne had icraped toge- ther , but after two months belleging the Polifh Camp, want growing great in the Sultans Army, and by reafon of the advancement of the Seafon fuch terrible Rains fell, that Tents, Horfes, Men, and Carriages were frequently carryed away by the impetuolity of the ToiTents thereby occalioned. The Turks delirous to depart fent to the Chan- celor to treat of Peace , which at the earnelt inftance of Radn’.£. Prince of F dachia was hearke- ned to, and foon after accorded the principal points being thefe. Firft, That the Emperour flionld raife his Ar- my, and retire from the Confines of Poland , and that the Tartars the occafion of this War, fhould fend an Emiiz.e ( that is one of their Princes) to relide as a pledge to fecure them from infuing in- cu-rfions. The Chancelor in the Name of his Ma- fter promifmg to fend another Pledge to refide in the Court of T artary ^ with condition to pay yearly Forty Thoufand Florins as a donative from the King of Poland^ promifing moreover for the better maintainance of the Peace to maintain a Re- fident in the Ottoman Court , and by every fuch AmbalTador to fend a rich Prelent, and as the Grand Signeurs Ambafiador that was to refide in the Court of Poland^ fhould undertake to fecure the incurfions of the Tartars^ fo the Pcli^] Ambafiador fnould undertake the fame for the and that the Merchants of Poland fliould have free Trade with the Subjects of the Grand Signeour making their ufual Prefents, and this Peace not to be bind- ing till fuch time as the Jehiaus fhould arrive in the PoUjh Court with the overtures, and in the mean time a Parliament to be aflembled for the Ratifica- tion of thefe Articles. Affairs The Turhifi Hijicry. 207 ' Affairs being brought to this pafs railed his Camp, and returned to Adrimple^ having loft in this Expedition eighty thoufand of his men, and of the Poles by reafon of the unfeafonablenefs of the wea- ther, and their often skirmilhes, no lefs then twenty thoufand penlhed. Now upon notice of the Turks approach, at the rcqueft of the Polonicn King-, the^ Emperor of Ger/»my^ had lent to his affiftance eight thoufand high Dutch Souldiers , upon notice of which Ofman in a great rage proclaimed war againft the Emperor, charging him with the manifeft breach of the League between them, though himfelf had been the firft aggrelTor, by aiding the Tranfilvaman-y but the King of Poland underftanding, that what had happened was upon his account, (and that Ofman kept his Army on foot about yidrinople-y intending to .invade the Emperors Countrey early in the fpring, for that purpofe having cauled twenty thoufand Tartars to ftay upon the frontiers) he called the Turkilh Chiam before him, and declared that uniels the Grand Seigneour his mafter changed his purpofe, lie could not conclude with him any peace, for as much as he was bound to allift the Emperor his coii- federate, if his Countries were invaded, which re- folve of the Kings being made knowm to Ofman by his Chiam^ he called a Council of his Baffas where- in it was concluded that he Ihould leave ^drinnpley and inftantly let forward for Confia-ntimple, w'hich was accordingly put in e.xecution, and tiic Tartars on the Frontiers difmilled, fo that the wmr intend- ed againft the Emperor being laid alide, news came that the Emir of Syria was rifen in Rebellion, and had poflelfed himlelf of the City and Caftle of TV//>o- A’j; whereupon 6othouland Chequins were delivered out of the Treafury, to repair the Grand Seigniors Pavillions and Carriages, himfelf with a power- O o 1 Kill 2o8 Ihe TurkjJI) Hijlory. ^ull Army intending to make an Expedition againfl: the Rebel, though contrary to the advice Of molt ofhhBaJfas^ and the yVUifti ^ who alledged that it was altogether needlefs, for his Majelly to ex- pofe himfelf to the ill convcniencies of liiCh a war, as by themeaneft of his might be expiated, f. it being certain, that the Emir would not Hand his d Forces, but upon their approach fly into feme part i to of Chrifuendom, and therefore if he fet out his fleet; ){i of Gallies, he would either by Sea or Land fall into ; tii his hands, nor was it fafe to leave Greece to the! it attempts of the Chrillians, who in his ablence might; fpoil it at their plealure, thele and fuch like rea- ■ fons caufed him to decline going in perlbn, yet he Lent forth his Fleet and Army after the belt manner fending for Aid to and to awe the mards likewife, who had fixty Galleys and flx Galli- l ons at Meffiria, prepared as was then conjeflnred to tl revenge the taHng of Manfredo^ and the fpoil the j Turks had made upon the Coafts of Italy the year - before, another Fleet of lefier confequence he order- ed to keep the black fea, there to hinder the Cof- facks from fpoilir.g his Seh-Towns •, after v/hich, contrary to the Advice of his Council, he marryed the Grandchild ofa S/dtan a wife to Pert an Bajja-t only for her beauty, being indeed the Paragon of her fex, which wedding was performed without any fo-i lemnity, and truly this marriage was greatly difli- ked, for that his Anceftors for many years paft, had; not marryed at all in refpect of kindred, nor taken; any women to their Concubines of the Turkifhrace,, in rcipedt of kindred, and that which rendred this young Prince more contemptible, was his walking up and down the City in difguife, with a Page or two attliemoft, and prying into Taverns, and other places like a petty Officer. Things The ThrkjjJ) Hijlory. 26) Things being at this pafs, news came from the Bajfa of Biida^ that BethlehanC abor had concluded a peace with the Roman Emperor, which greatly dif- plealed the Snltan and his Council, efpecially for that the peace between himfelf and the Polack^ was nor yet ratified, but the Pdlifh Ambaflador daily expeft- ed? in order thereto, when in the midltof his per- turbations, Sir Thormts Rovo Ambafiador from his Ma- jeftyof Qxtdit Brittain^ arrived at the Port,, and had his Audience, delivering his Ivlajell ies Letter, where- in he demanded redrefs of the injuries his fubjects had fuftained by the Pirates of Al^trs 2x\i\Tnnes^ then in fubjeftion to the Snltan^ as likewnfc the delivery of feveral of the Polish Nobility, and one Scotch Gen- tleman, which had been taken prifoners In the late expedition into Poland, and amongfi: them the Prince Coreshie, who had formerly made his efcape, out of the black Tower, vcith feveral other things that might create a good underflanding and a continuati- on of the League between them. Pome of which were granted, and the other denyed, as the Grand Vizier (to whom the management of that affair was committed) thought fit, little to the fatisfadion of his Majellies Ambalfador, but foon after the Grand Siegneor fent his Letter to his Majefty, containing a fatisfadory reply to all that was demanded', ex- cept the releafe of the Poli^i prifoners. Anno Ida 2, The Grand Seigneur, not hearing of the Duke Sbaraskle, chofen Extraordinary Ambalfa- dor for the King of Poland,to confiimmate the Peace, he gave it out that he would go to Mccha, and from thence to Medina in Arabia to vliit Mahomet s Tomb, contrary to the Council of Vifiers, who knew not the delign, and even to thehazzard of a General Revolt, for they were jealous that under co- O 0 3 lour 210 The Tarkjjlj HtJlorj. j lour of that Voyage he had fome other projed, and that the Poli^^ Duke arriving in his abfcnce, would not follow him at a venture, nor treat with his de- puties left at the Port. So that thereby all hopes of Peace would vanifh, which did not a little trou- ble the Turks, whole Trade was greatly impaired by the roving CaJJacks, which the Emperor under- ftanding, and refolving not to delay his journey, (or indeed his defign to cutoff the whole order of the Janizaries, for the infolencies frequently offered him, by thofe Mailerful haves) he fent to hallen Sha- raskie, upon whole arrival a peace was concluded, though much to the prejudice of his Territories in Bn^ffaria, and now that obllacle being removed, he fent his Carriages over into ^/la, with all his Treafure, not fparing the Plate and Ornaments of hisPallace, which made the Janizaries millrull fome defign more then ordinary, whereupon they relblved to flop his proceedings, and therefore the day be- fore he intended to depart, they with great clamour run to the Seraglio, though unarmed, and demand- ed Delavir the TiBer BaJfaj Hoja the Emperors con- felfor, the Cajlariago Governour of the women, the Deflardar or Treafurer,the Cadelescher or chief Judg, with fome other prime officers, whom they faidhad Counfelled their Emperor to undertake this dange- rous Voyage, for which they refolved to punifh them with death, charging the Emperor llridly that I he lhould> neither go to yiecca, nor pafs over into A/ta, To calm this Tcmpell the Emperor came forth in perfon,and uled many arguments to perfwade them to their duty and Allegiance, promifing he Ihould lay afide his purpofe, but now nothing would ferve thele mifcreants, but they mull have the aforefaid Officers delivered to them, To which the Emperor replyed, that 2II ' ‘ The TiH'kij!) Hijlory. that his honour would greatly fuller if be Ihould permit his friends to be torn from him, but if they had offended in ought, and it was proved againlt them, in the Divano, whether they fliould be brought to anfwer any accufation that fhould be objeded againft them, they fhould be puniiliedby Law, but this did not pacific them, for they clamoured yet louder, faying they knew them guilty , and that fhould be fufficient; whereupon they run to the houfe of the Hoja^ and not finding him there, plun- dered it, and from thence palling to the Grand Vizi- ers houfe, they thought to have done the like there, but finding it fortifyed, they fet Guards in fcveral parts of the City all night, and the next morning came before the Pallacc with their Arms, making their demands as before \ whereupon the Hofa Ca- deleschar and Tef'terdar fled, and were not for a time found, as likewife did the Grand Vizier, with the confent of the Emperor, who promifed himfelf to weather this ilorm, though in the end he proved too weak, yet was the Vizier brought back by a Her- mit, a reputed Saint, after he was got into who trufling to his innocence, refolved to face the Tempefb, but the rude inuititude without rcfpefl to his Reverend Age, and great IViei its, having got- ten him into their pov.'ei, cut him to pieces in the light of the Emperor, which he perceiving would, though too late, have lied over iiito A//^, for now all means were cut off', for the janizaries had flopped the Port, and in a great rage demanded M^ftapha the Emperors uncle, who w^as keptaprifoner in the Seraglio, and the firft day of the Tumult by the Emperors command , put into a fee ret vault, wdth two Ne^ro women, whereafter much fearch,and thq racking of feveral fervants to make them difeover him, he was found and born in Triumph through O o 4 the 212 The Turkjjl) Hrjlory. the ftreets, to the old Seragho^ having not yet been able to lay hands on Ofmm^ by reafon he kept him- lelf within his ftrengths, but hearing they intended to proclaim his uncle Emperor, he at the perfvvafion of the putting himfelf in mourning, went with a few of his followers, and amongft them the -^^^4of the Jani2;aries, to the old Seraglio, andpre- fented himfelf to the inraged Souldiers with tears, befeeching them to return to their former obedience, ^ and Loyalty, offering to make them any fatisfadion, repenting him of his error, and finally invoked them by the merits of his Father and all his Ancc- ftors, to have fome pitty upon him their true mafter. This fabmifiion a little calmed their fierce natures, fo that they be^fti to relent, and had again acknow- ledged their Lord, had not the fuppofing to Curry favour with the Emperor, lharply reproved them of ingratitude and difloyalty, which again raifed the not extinguifhed fire, into fuch a flame, that it was no more to be fubdued ; but firfl; having flain the ^^*2, and Hiiz.ein Baffa^ with feveral of the Emperors followers of lefler note, they feized on his perfon, and carryed him before Mujiapha^ de- manding fentence againfi: him, when as the forfaken ' Prince, pleading for his life (and the new Emperor, not knowing how’to condemn,only nodding in token that they might do what they pleafed) They after a confult amongfl themfelves, determined only to imprifon him whereupon they fet him on horfe-back, an infolent Spahy changing Turbants with him, and carryed him to the feven Towers, denying by the way a draught of water, and then returning placed Miifiapha in the. Throne proclaiming him Emperor, and went to Sack the Houfes of thole they had raurthered. Mnftapha having once again mounted the Throne and The Tnrljhl) Hijlory, 213 and of a miferable Captive made the lecond time Emperor, was perfwaded by D amt Bafjay a villaine railed to that dignity by the new Emperor, that if Ofmanliv^d he would fit unealie in his throne, and that the Janizaries cooling on the matter, would again advance him the rightful Heir of the Cttoinan Empire, whereupon it w’as concluded he llionld be made away, the charge of which w^as committed to this wicked Counfellor, who knowing his dignity would expire with Mi/ftaphas , ftrangled young Ofman in prifon, after he had reigned three years and fomc odddayes, not exceeding lixteen years of Age, and fo an end was put to the defign he had to fubdue the Empire, and afterwards all withfiich fuccefs he llattered himfelf, little remembring that when man propofes, God difpofes. One thing is worthy of note, a little before this Tumult happened, Ofman dreamed that he rid a Camel, and being mounted he could not force him to go by fair means nor ifripes, and that then de- feending in a rage to revenge it with his fwmrd, the body of the beaft vaniihed, leaving in his hand on- ly the head and bridle, at wdhch dream being ex- ceedingly troubled,he the next day fends for one of his Wizards to interpret it, but he refufed, perfvvading him to apply himlelf to the /IBifty-, which he did, and had this interpretation, viz.. That the Camel fignified his Empire, his Riding hisabufe in Govern-f ment, hisdefeeniion or alighting, hisdepofing, the vanilhingof the body of the Beall, the revolt of his Subje(fts,the head and bridle remaining in his hand on- ly a bare Title, and that he Ihould Ihortly dye and lofe his Empire, the empty name only of Emperor accompanying him to his grave. And thus much for OfmanTQuth Emperor of the Turks. C H A P. 214 T~ke Tui'kjJIj HiJIo/'j, 1 CHAP. !iXL A/uftapha %einthromzcd ^ rpith an Account i of his proceedings till his fecond Vepofmg. r MJJiapha having as has been related, canfedhis ' nephew young to be fhrangled in pri- fbn, he made feveral new Baflas,difplacing fuch as had i been made by his Predeceflbr, leaft getting power ] they fhould revenge the death of nor were ; there fome wanting that both defired and attempted ; it, efpecialiy Bafla Governour of t in yifia. Daring the conffernation of the Afian Turks, at l the death of their Emperor, putting them in fear the Empire would be dillblved, the Perfian King was not idle, but with a powerful Army recovered moll places taken from him, by the Turkilh Sultans, and the like might have been effected by the Chriftians, had they not been atdifcord amongft themfelves, fo that, that much dreaded Empire, would have been •reduced into a fmall circumference, which many af- terwards though too late repented. The new altogether governed by his Impe- rious Officer not yet fuppoling himfelf fall in the Throne, confented to the making away the bre- thren of Ofman, and children to Acimat the late Emperor, in order to Execute which bloody pur- pofe, the Capi'Aaa or Major Domo of the Seraglio, went to their Lodgings, with a purpofe to ftrangle them The 1 nrljjf) HiJIorj. Q I 5 them, but the children crying out, leveral of the Pages run to their refeue, and falling upon the mef- fengers of death, flew the Capi-y^ga, and evilly in- treated the others that attended him , and there- upon fent word to the Janizaries and Spahis, who approved of their proceedings , comnanding the body of the to be hanged up in cue Htppo drome ^ as a terroLir to thofe that fhould attempt the like for the future , and in a rage went to the Pallace de- manding juftice on them that had Counciiled fo wicked a purpofe, but the new Emperor, who dif- fered not much from an ideot, folemnly protefted he was altogether ignorant of the matter, and if fuch command were procured, it was gotten by fubreption, which Proteilation was ealily believed, yet Balia, and the Emperors mother were vehe- menly fufpe6ted,when toappeafe the angry fouldiers, the BalTawas difplaced from the Vizierlliip, Har^ein placed in his fle id, and the Emperors mother hid in the Pallace till the Tcmpelt was over, which could be no otherwife allayed then by a fliowr of Gold Chequins. After which,the new Vizier protdling either to re- form the affairs of the Empire, or fail a Sacrifice, did a little reftore the face of juftice, by making exam- ples of fome, and terrifying others with threats, infomuch that he w’as looked upon as a man fit for thofe boiflerous times, nor was that his only aim, but he refolved wrhen once fettled in his place, to remove Adiifiapha, and place A/orat brother to Of man in the Imperial feat, not thinking himfelf fare, under a man that was altogether governed by an imperious woman, deiirous of Rule, and was no further capable of the paffions of love and hate then they w^ere infufed into him. During thefe troubles of the Ottoman Empire, the Duke 2 1 6 The TnrljJlj ntjlory. Duke Sb^,raskje lay upon the Frontiers, and would not advance to ratifie the peace between the King his mafter 2nd the new Sultan-^ till fuch time as Sir Tho^ rniu Rowe his Majelly of Gvezt Brituins Ambaifador, then reildent at the Port had given him his faith for his fecurity, which done, the Duke advanced, and upon his arrival at the Port , was magnificently entertained by the new Vizier, yet e’r any thing was abfolately concluded, a matter happened which had like to have turned all into nothing ^ for on the 17 of 1(522 Prince Coreskie-, who had been taken in the late war between Ofm.m and Siyifmmd King of Polandy was itrangled in prifon at Conflm- tmople^ which put all into murmur and deep confi- deration, to what intent it was done, when lb great a ranfom might have been had for his releale, but moll: believed it was done out of a Politick end, for that the Prince being a mortal enemy to the Turks, if he fiionld have been fet at' liberty, his reftlefs nature would not have fuftered the peace to have continued long inviol.ible, yet the urgent affairs of Poland fo requiring,! he Peace was concluded in nine- teen Articles, much to the advantage of ths Polo- 7iUn King, tlie Turks greatly fearing at that jun- and had done great rnircliief had he not been delivered, nor were they fo contented, but peremptorily demand- ed the head ot the Vilier, Iclemnly protelling to facriiice him for the alfront done to their order \ up- on which efcaping through the Emperors Garden, he took boat and palled over into whereupon they hacked his houie, and found therein great Itore of Treafure, they likewife demanded the heads of feveral others, but in the end all was hulhed,yet they proceeded to the Eledionof a new Vilier, making choice of one A-fnfiepha^ a man of a foft nature and eafily ruled, who fcarcely durll do Jullice for fear of offending any man, which proceeding of the info- lent Janizaries neverthelels, caufed the rvifer fort of men to retire from office and imployment, and to the infufheient daily change and ruine •, for the Emperor durll not move but by the diredions of the Souldi- ers whole creature he was, fo many iufolencies were frequently committed, and all greatly endan- gered to be loll, for at Bagdat antiently Bnb)lo}j^ the Captain of the Janizaries killed theEaffia, burnt the Miifti'y and gave his daughter in Marriage to one JiJanBeg^ pretender to an Anticnt Inheritance of a bordering Province , to cantonize that part -nor yipa only flood in fufpenceuhat to do, but the Dominions of theTurkilh in Afrklg^ greatly wavered, as doubting whom to obey. On the 22 of kiigipy an Extraordinary Amballa- dorfrom Bethlehem Gabor Prince ol Tr(ircfyhania,nx- rived at the Port, who araongll other inllrudions had order to excule his mailer, and to declare the reafons, why he had made peace with the Emperor, without the knowledge of the v\ hie h were, that the war had continued three years in the King- dom of HiiPgary and hadfo walled the Country, that it 2 1 8 The Turkjp Hijlorj. was impoffible for him to flay longer in the field unlefs he would have expofed his Army to thofe wants, that would have reduced him to have accepted of an inglorious peace, or to have fuffered a great part of his Souldiers to perifa for v;ant, and that if he had flood out upon the peace concluded be- tween the Sultan and the Toloman.^ the whole flrefs of War would have refled on him and there- fore he delired to be excufed, adding that he meant not long to conferve the peace, therefore defined that he and the Balfa of iiiida. might have it in joynt Commifficri to raife fuch Forces as they thought convenient to invade, the Empire, when opportunity offered , but this requefl not agree- ing with the interefl of the Sultan it was re- jeded. About this time the Ja-fiiz.a>-ies in a tumultuary way came to the Court and demanded all the Offices of gain, and to be Stewards of the Reve- nues of the Churches wdiich are great as likewife to take the Farms of Culcoras wherein they com- mitted many outrages , the Vifiers not daring to deny them any thing they demanded. They drunk Wine in the icreets without prohibition contrary to their L,aw, and exaded money of the Chrifti- ans to purchafe it, and if denyed took it by force, •and murthered without being punilhed, and when at any time complaint was made the Magiflrates anlwered they durfl not meddle with them, that had murthered their King, and the Bafla’s them- leives delire d the complainants patience, telling them that they would bear a part with the general liuTerance. About the fame time the janiz^aries in the Gallies which rid before Smirna commanded by Hahl Balfa, aifault- The Turl{7jJ} Hijlory. ' *219 aflaulted againll his will the honfes of the Chrifti- an Confuls, inibmuch that the Englifh Conful with all thofe of that Nation, were forced to run naked from their Lodgings, and fave their lives by fwim- ming to the Admirals Gaily, upon which themafter- lefs Turks ranfacked the lower part of the houfe there, making fpoil to the value of TvvoThou- fand Doh rs. The French fullained more lofs, and the Venttiam at leaft: ten Thouiand Dollars , the Conful ha A ^ likewifeoneof his men cut in pieces, nor cc id che Admiral either by threats or intrea- ties reitrain thefe outrages, but w'as forced for the prevention of further mifchief to put to Sea. In yifut there were three R.ebelIions, one at hylon , another at Arzj.-ium upon the borders of Perfidy and a third at A'/efopotamia ■, which thrtat- ned the mine of all Afia ^ yet to prevent the worft feveralnew officers were made, and an Army rai- fed in Grecia-, in order to pafs the Hellefpom-, but in the end nothing was done more then allembling to little purpofe , all the Turkilh Forces on Europe fide, which fo impoveriffied theTreafury that the like had not formerly been known, nor were any Exadlions and Extortions omitted to raile mony for defraying the neceffiary charges. About this time came to the Court of Folatid^zn Amballador from the great Duke of Ahfcovy to in- treat a peace, which was hardly granted by reafon feveral Letters of the laid Ambafladors being in- tercepted , plainly demonllrated that at his firlt fetting out his deligns were otherwife, upon notice that a Peace w^as concluded with the Sultan, he feigning himfelf lick upon the Frontiers, had fent for new inftruflions. T)arage Bafla and Divan of Argier and Tmu to for- bear aflaulting or in the leaft injuring anyEngUJJj fhips, or the Subjeds of the King of England^ in what part of t\\t Ottoman Empire foever they reGded, in- fomuch that the fear of punifhment, did for the fpace of five years deter thofe Pirates from mo- lefting the Engkjfj., either by Sea or Land, and the better to ingratiate themfelves, they delivered fix hundred EngUp Marriners (which they had taken at divers times)without Ranfom, but upon the Expi- piration of the years aforefaid they again robbed and fpoiled the Merchants Ihips Trading In thofe parts, but were frequently met withall by the Eng^ npi men of war that were fent into thofe Seas to lecure theXraffick. Anno 1624 on the 24 of March Alt Bafia the great Vifier, by whole means Morat was advanced to the Crown, was fent for into the Seraglio^ where being queftioned by the young Emperor about the affairs of the Perjian Invafion, and not anfwering to the latisfadion of thofe prefent, he was then and there at the commandment of the Emperour beheaded, and his body caft out into the ftreet (which caufed much murmuring amongft his friends ) and one Creques Mechemet advanced to the Dignity of Grand f^ijierj but he was not fettled in his place before news came that the Roman Emperour bad entered Hungary with an Army of Fifty Thoufand Horle and Foot, refolving to recover the Towns a little before take by Bethlem Gabor Prince of Tran[ilvaniaT, and that the with four hundred Boats were abroad in the Black Sea, and had taken many vef- fels laden with Provifion, as iikewilc made great Ipoil upon the Coaft. To prevent which the Baffas of Buda , Temefwar , Bofna-, Canifa^ and Agria, re- P- p 4 cdved 2 28 TheTiirkijI) Hijlory. ceived Orders to joyn with the TranfUvAniaVy and feveral Gallies difpatched into the black Sea, nor were the preparations againft the Perfiam flackned, who fbill marched on conquering, for by this time Abaffii BalTa upon the receipt of the Grand Signeours pardon had fubmitted himfelf, and with the forces under his command marched towards the frontires, | to joyn with Hafs Achmet BalTa who made head on that fide, by which the fufpicion of the Janiz.aries being removed they to the number of Thirty Thou- fand were mullered for the Wars, and Forty thou- fand Sfahi^ their rendezvous being appointed about Brujfia^ and at the fame time Biram Bafla was dif- patched General of the frontires of Poland ^nd Bng^ daniay^\\.\\ Four thoufand Souldiers, and Orders to command all the Begs and Sanz.acksy to raife fuch forces as they could and joyn him to prevent the incurfions of the CoJJacksy and more Gallies lent into the black Sea, totranfport 7ean Gheray HanVrmcQ of Tartary the year before depofed by Mechmet, and to re-cfiiablilh him in his Kingdom, bilt Mech- wff having notice of his arrival, railed an Army of Sixty thoufand Horfe, and drove him from the Land with the flaughter of many Turks, which fo inraged i the Grand Signeour that as he faid, his honour be- ing engaged he refolved to re-inthrone him, for Mechmet was fufpeded of holding correfpondence with the Perfian^ to whofe proceeding the Turks and Arabians had by this time put a ftop, but fail- ed therein, for the Captain Balfa with a great Ar- my Landing the lecond time was routed, two Baflas and about Five thoufand Turks flain, as many taken Prifoners , and Twenty pieces of Cannon, with much rich Furniture left to the Tartars^ who by that means found that they were able to deal with the Turks.. Things The TiirUJ]} Hijlory. 229 Things falling out thus in Tartary, the GJfacks taking the advantage of the Turkifh Fleets ablence, with Eighty Boats or Imall Barks entered the ftraights of Bofphonn, where lying before Confianthw^ fie , they brought a general fear upon that great City, and after having plundered and razed feveral Towns upon the Sea Coaft, they returned in 7'ri- umph unoppofed , which good iuccefs imboldened them with a greater number of VefTelsto adventure a fecond time, when as before they returned with a great booty, the Turks not being able to prevent it. About the lame time the Pirates of Turns ^x\(\ylrgiers revolted from the Grand Signeours obedience, and robbed many of his Ports in i\\tiMediterranean,i2kxng fuch Ships as they found therein, and fetting fire to a great number of Storehoufes,fo that the lofs theChri- ftian Merchants fuftained by them in one Expedition amounted to 4 Millions of Ducates, nor did they lels harm by Land to fuch as bordered on their Country, neither regarding Friends or Foes any longer then ftood with their conveniency and profit, being in- deed Enemies to all men ^ which inteftine troubles obliged Morat to conclude a Peace with Mechmet, the Tartar Prince dilfembling the intentions he had to depofe him, laying all the fault of what had happen- ed upon the Captain BalTa, whole head had like to have gone off to have rendered his Mailers llory plauiible, fuch danger are thofe in that live under a Tyrant, w'hofe will is his l,aw , not weighing Jullice nor good deferts further then nray lerve his purpole. Yet blood was not wanting lor Bafifa who fometime before fled, being taken and brought to Conflantimfie, where (after in hopes to fave his Life, he had confefled his Treafure) he was ftrangled. yilajfa Balia notwithftanding the fpeci- ous Ihews he made to march againft the Perfians, linger’d 2^0 The Turkip) Hijiory, linger’d greatly, which gave the Janizaries a fufpicion that he had contrived the matter only to draw them into his danger, and then to deftroy them as he had formerly purpofed, which opinion of theirs had turned all again into confufion, had he not at that inftance reconciled himfelftothe Grand Vifier^ and Erotefted that he would not hurt the 7aniaanes, ut ufe his Arms in defence of the Empire. So that by fwearing three times on the Alcoran , that no violence Hiould be done on either fide, all animofities vanifhed, the Government of Av7L.irum being con- firmed to him, and he allowed a competent number of Souldiers to guard the frontires , as likewife places of truft bellowed upon moll of his chief Of- ficers, but upon the Janiz,aries putting many of his Friends to the Sword who had yielded themfelves to the Grand Vifier, he in a rage fell into their quarter, making llaughter of three or four thouland of them, though not without the lofs of as many of his own men, but finding that the Vifier had drawn up his Army in Battalia, he founded the retreat and marched to his Governmendi and the Vifier kept on his way towards Diarhecherto leek the Perfian, when in the mean time the Perfian General treated with Abafa to deliver up the City of Arurnm , to the King his Mailer promifing in lieu thereof great re- wards, but he knowing upon fuch terms he could at any time make his peace who ever was Conque- ror, feemingly hearkened to that motion 5 lb that gaining credit eight thouland Perfians was lent to take pofleflion thereof, who he no Iboner got with- in his danger, but he let upon them, put one thou- land to the Sword, and took moll of the remainder Prilbners, which caufed the Turk to have a better opinion of him then formerly , infomuch that The TurhiJIj Hijiory, 25! they nominated him for Grand ViHer the enfuing year. 1525. a new Rebellion broke out in headed by an ordinary who drew down ten thoufand men before the City of Smirm, the which after Ibme refiftance he entered, and pretending to reform abufes cut olf the heads of two Cadees, pu- nifhed divers others, place and difplaced the Ma- giftrates as he pleafed, and then departed without fuffering any fpoil to be made, pretending the Grand Signeours order for what he had done, and in- deed the Court connived at his proceedings, for awing corrupt Officers, he reftored the face of Ju- ftice in thofe parts, but not long after, he with a greater power marched toward Brnjfia in Natalia-, ufing the Name of Morat to colour his purpoie, pre- tending to work a Reformation in the State, but in the ending of great preparations were making to op- pofe him, he disbanded his Army and retired him- felf. And now the mortality raged at Conflantim^le in fuch fort, that Fifty thoufand died in a ffiort Ipace, fo that the City was left almoft defolate j which known to the Cojfacks-, they came again in their Boats, and failing through the Bofphorm made great fpoil on Eitrope fide, attempting to burn the Arfenal, to prevent which all the Gallies and fmall Veflels in the Port were manned out, fo that be- tween them there happened a fierce ingageraent j but the Cofachs Boats being fmall though many in number, thirty of them by the Ihot of the Gallies were funk and overturned, infomuch that five hun- dred Cojfacks were drowned and taken Prifoners, and double the number of Turks flain, for the Boats being in all three hundred, and each Boat manned with thirty or forty Mulquetiers , they Ihowered their 232 The Tttrhjjh Hijlory. their Bullets lb thick upon the Decks of the Gallies, that fcarceaTurk peeped out but he was cutolF ; twice they boarded the Admirals Gaily, and had taken it had not the Sea of a fuddain gone high, and the Wind flood againfb them. Upon the approach of great Viller towards the Province of Bah^lon^ the King of fer[ici fent to de- llre a Treaty of Peace, which was only to protraft time, it in the end coming to nothing, yet the Princes of G eorgia. their AmbafTadors, as wil- ling to be freed from the Berfim yoke, which Am- balTadors were kindly entertained by the Viiier, their demands granted, and the Bifhop of Calcedon their Countrey man fent back with them to fee the Peace Ratified ^ upon which they raifed a great Ar- my, and invaded the Territories of Perfia^ to op- pofe whom the King fent part of his Army under the leading of his great Leiutenant, who joyning Battle was overthrown, with the lofs of feven thoufand of his men , which greatly incouraged the Vifier, fo that he refolved the next year to be- fiege Babylon^ in which was a Garrifon of eight thoufand Perfians, befides the Citizens who were five times the number, yet early in the Spring. 1616. having refrefhed his Army, he pitch- ed his Camp before that great City , but as they were making their approaches Twenty Thoufand Perfun Horfe , who attended the motion of the Turks, fell into the Vifiers quarter doing great ex- cution, and by that means troubled the whole Ar- my, but in fine the Perfians were obliged to retire, yet not before they had flain about Six Thoufand Turks, upon which a mufler was taken of the Army, which was found much lefs then was expedled for that a number of the Spahi and Jamz,aries that vyere in- 'The Turk^Jl} Hi fiery. 255 inroled, had forborn to undertake that dangerous, and fo often fatal Expedition, and feven Princes of the .drabs Tributaries to the Grand Signeour hav- ing railed their power, refufed to advance any further then the Borders of their Principalities, al- ledging that they durft not difpleafe the pofleffors of Babylon, but were ready to obey if the City fell into the hands of the Turks, which weaknefs known to the Berftan King he drew thither the ftrength of his whole Kingdom, and running Trenches round about the Turks Camp, befieged it in fuch manner that all Provilions and Succors was cut off, and in- ftead of hoping to win the City, they were folici- tous of nothing more then how to retreat. This danger of the Army was made known to the Emperor and Divano at Conjiantinople, but nothing was done till it was too late, for through want and difeafes the Army was fo wafted, that they were no wayes able to make head againft their Enemies ^ befides a great number of them were llain in the frequent fellies the belieged made out of the City, and tie Ferfians Incurfions , who feldom failed to beat up one quarter or other of the Camp, and hearing of BO fupplies durft advance, or were in a probability to relieve the half ftarved Souldiers, who had left; no unclean thing uneaten, it wasrefolved that un- der the favour of the night the Camp Ihould rife and force away through the Per fan Squadron, rather choofing to die like men then pine with hunger ^ Whereupon they brake their great Artilery, and caft into the Euphrates all fuch things as they could not convey away, to prevent their falling into the hands of the Enemy, and then with as little noife as poffible, broke through one quarter oftheft; //- an Camp, yet not fo fuddainly but that the Perfans taking the Alarum, overtook them ere they reached A imve 5^4 Tnrk^j ilijlory, Ninive^ and had the execution of the Army for the ipace of ten dayes, in which time feventy thouland Turks and Tartars k\\ by the Sword, whentocaft: the odium upon the Balia’s, and to fave his credit at the Port the Vifier caufed three of their heads to be ftricken off. This great blow cauled the revolt of many Cities, upon the Frontiresof Perfiaf and indangered the revolt of all ylfa. The Turks not having received the like blow, lince the overthrow of Bajaz.et the firft by Tamerlane the great, which cauled a general heavynels throughout the City of Confiantinople , few therein but loft one Friend or other in this unfortunate War, of which the Em- perour of G ermanies Ambaflador taking advantage prefled for a fpeedy conclullon of Peace, and labour- ed to crofs the purpofe of the Tranjylvanian Prince, but in the interim the Imperial and Transylvanian Ar- mies being abroad, on the i5th. of OBobernoav to the River Gran a mortal Battle was fought between them, wherein the latter was put to the rout, and in pairing confufedly the River over two Bridges layed for that purpole. Six thouland were llain drowned and taken Prifoners, yet Winter coming on the Prigee retired with his Troops, and with- out the content ofthe Turks madea Truce with the , Imperialifts for three months, lending to the Port : to excule himfelf for fo doing, by Ihewing thene- ceflity that induced him fo to do. But ere a Peace could be concluded as was intended Count Mansfelt and Duke Erneflas ^ who were the greateft inciters thereto died, fo that nothing for a time was done i therein, but it was left in the power of the Prince, and Balia of Bada to War upon the Emperour, as they found it convenient or moft advantagious, info- much that they railed great forces intending to make Aafiria the Isat of War, but upon further ne- gotiation Tke 7hrl{iJJj Hijiory, 255 fotiation that defign was layed aCde, all Parties eing more defirous of Peace then War, and lb matters were ^ left doubtful. About this time an Ambaflador from the King of ferula-, with overtures of Peace arrived at Aleppo, but could get no Audience of the Vifier, who re- mained there with his broken Army till an other Ambaflador wflth prefents arrived at Confiammople, where he made fuch overtures that they were ap- proved by many, but the non-delivery of Babylon a little before taken by the Perftans, put a Hop to the negotiation, the Turks not being willing upon any other Terms to hearken to Peace, for that their Army in A/ia was by this time recruited and again entered into Perfia, to avert which the Perfians befieged Achiska a Itrong City near ArzSmm, being ' incouraged thereto by Ahaffa Bafla, to whom the Vifier fent to draw out his forces, and in conjundion with the Georgians, to joyn with fuch forces as he Ihould fend him which were three thoufend Janiz^a- ries under the leading of twelve Captains , with whom he fent Provifion and other neceflaries, but for the hatred the Bafla had to that order he com- manded them to be fet upon in the night, and all- moft all cut in pieces, thofe that remained and were taken Prifoners he fent to the Perfian King, and then with liich forces as he had Fortified himself in ArzJrnm. The news of this difgrace coming to the ear of the Vifier, he drev/down with all his forces toward the Rebel , refolving to punifli him if he could by any means get him into his hands. Now the treaty between the Imperial Minillers, thofe of the Grand Signeours and Transylvanian Princes 25^ The Turkijh '• Princes growing ripe, a Peace was concluded though ^ Severally, for the Prince having undedtood that the King of Denmark^ who was coming to his aid had been overthrown by Waljiain the Emperours Gene- ral, and that the BalTa of Buda bought with Cer- • tnan Gold, had croffed all his purpofes at Confiantim- ple^ and difcovercd his inmoft Councils, he grew jealous of his own (late, and therefore thought it bell; to make Peace whilft he was in a capacity to obtain honourable condition, which Treaty com- prifed in ten Articles were Ratified at Vresburg. The chief points of which w'ere. That either fide fhould ceafe from Hoftilities, and forbear di redly or indi- redly to affift each others Rebelis, and that all the City and Towns taken in the late War, Ihould be redelivered. Nor were the Turks flow in finilhing their Treaty, as 'being no ways able to maintain an Army in Enrcye by reafon of their troubles in fo that much to the fame purpofeas the former con- tained in eleven Articles, the Peace was concluded at the Port, to the great joy of aU parties efpeci- ally of the Turks, who were now at leafure to re^ cover their Towns, and quail the Rebellions in Kfia. ■ Amo 1(527. Halil Bafla the great Vifier and Ge- neral of the Turkilh Army, in having for fome- time befieged Abajfa Balia in Arz.irftm, and finding his attempts to win the City vain, by reafon of the many inconveniencics in his Camp, he was forced to rile, v/hich the Rebel perceiving fallied out and With all his forces followed hard after for leven dayes, cutting off all his Rear, and took his I’rea- liue. Cannon and Baggage, which fo dilcouraged the Souldiers , that they mutined againfl: their General and fought to Hone him, and long was it ere The Tinl{ijf) Hijlory. -37 ere t hey could be appeafed, whereupon he wrote to the Grand Signeour informing him that there was no hopes of obedience unlefs the reverence of his perfon did revive it, yet he refted at Toc.tt and for the better quieting diforders disbanded a part of his Army, who almofl; naked to the great dilgraceof the Yiiicx to Conflantimfle-, which gave Balfa opportunity to hold correfpondence with the Poles-, 7'artars., and Cojfacks , whereupon Hnjfcmph a Vilier of the Bench, and late of the Jemiz.:inesy was chofen condudorof the Militia, and paifed over into Ajii with fuch forces as could be inliantly rai- led, and m.any great Ordinance cad; for the fervice, Gallies werelikewife fitted out, and all preparations made as far as the Treafore would extend, and it was further concluded that Huffsntph fhould march diredly to Diarbecher to oppofe the Perfian-, and there remain as Baiba of the Province, and that on his w'ay to prevent charge, the Seal fhould be lent him and he conllituted great Vifierin the room of Halil Bafla, whole credit therein w'as had in re- gard for that he was not fent for home as in dif- grace, but in the head of the Army delivered up his charge and fo retired to the Port, there to continue one of the Council Vifiers. Anno 1628, about the 5th. of April Hajfernph wms declared Grand Vilier, and took upon him the charge of the Army with orders to march direftly toward Babylon, for of BalTa they had had enough the year before. Yet he wrote to the Grand Signeour, terming himfelf his Have, promifing him that he would hold the Province of Arz.irlm^ov\^lm, but if he fought to expel! him by force he would put it in- to the hands of the Perfian, but if he might poffefs it he would defend it againft him, and Hill hold him dq ss 258 The Ttirhijh Hijlory. as the capital Enemy of the Turkifh Empire, not ihould his forces be wanting to alTift: the new Gene- ral in his Expedition for the recovery of Babylon, and this was accepted as a plenary fabmilTion. Whilfl the Grand Signeour was thus bufied to fet- tle affairs of ^Jia, and to reduce Jbajfa Bafla to obe- j dience, the was openly declared a Rebel ' and Enemy to the Turkifh Empire, and his Brother i Schachtn Geheray fen t out of Perfa, to raife troubles on that lide, having exadtcd a Tribute of the Princes of Bngdama and V'alachia, he was over- thrown by Count Emire a Tartar Captain, who undertook to reduce him to the obedience of the Grand Signeour, whereupon it wasfuddainly rcfol- : ved that it fhould be once again attempted to rellore C hian C eray to that Kingdom , and to ex pell Afcchmet Han , in order to which the Captain Balfa once more prepared the Fleet of Gallies , fo that for a year the Mediterranean was like to be in- cumbred, and the Turkifh Empire ingaged in fo many troubles, that every thing feemed to work towards its fubverfion, but great bodies have ftrong LuTations and die not with one fit, and fuch was the blindnefs and mifery of the times that whillt the Chriftian Princes contended in ambitious and envious rather then juft quarrels, none of them had Icafure to pufh down that Enemy who flood totter- ring on the brink of mine, nor to vindicate the Chriftian honour, nor the Holy Land oppreffed and pofreflTed by a Tyrant, that only fubfifted by their diflentions. About this time great differences arofe between the Greek and Romifh Churches, about fuperiority and forms of Worfhip, which was ftrongly main- tained by either party, infomuch that for a long time (to the fcandal of the Chriftian Religion) the con- The TurkjJJj Hijlorji. 239 controverfie was debated before the TurkifhCom- miffioners at Co-nftmrtm^'.e ■, who 'being Enemies to both alike, nay, even to the very name of Chrilt, moving no otherwayes then they were bribed, laughing to fee the fimplicity of the Chriftians, to make them Arbitrators of that which they nothing more delired then to deftroy, but in the end after infinite Treafure fpent, the Pope proved the richer, and therefore prevailed to have Inch of his Clergy as had been difpoflefled of their Colleges, Monafte- ries, and the like in the Turkilh Empire reltored, efpecially the jefuits who h^id been thriiil out of St. Bemets Chma-h. and Monaftery xwGaUtidy concern- ing the reftitution of whom the Grand Signeour, at the inftance of the French Ambaffador fent his Letters mandatory to Aflan Balfa Captain of the Sea, and to the Cadee ox Galatia. About this time Sir Thotmu Row-, Ambafiador at the Port for His Majeldy of Great Brittain, procu- red leave to depart, by whom the Grand Signeour fent this following Letter. The Grand Signeours Letter to his Majefly of Great Brittain. TO the tnaft glorioM amongft the greatefl Al.ijeflies of the Princes of Jefiis, moft reverenced amongf the People of the Meffiah, foie Direflor of the important affairs of the Nazarean Nation, Lord of the limits of Honour and Power, Patron of Grace and Author tty Charles King of Great Brittain a?id Ireland, towhofe laft dayes we wiff all compleat and true h.ippinefs. Be it known unto your Majefly at the flght of this Let- ter, That your Ambaffador 5/> Thomas Rowe, refpelt- ed and beloved amon^fl the Chriflians, to whom we wijh a happy end, being heretofore fent to reflde as your Ambaffd- (T q 2 dor ■240 The TM'hifi HiJlorj. dor at our hapf'y Portf to be watchful over all offices of good correfpondence between and that all retjuifite terms of honour fwiild be fidfilled^ and to renew the mantle of our affebhonSf hath from his frfi arrival here until this prefentf moft perfectly attended upon the charge impofed in him-, and in all his ablions proceeded with extraordi- nary diligence and indufiry^ for the high honour and great fame of your Majefiy His Saver aign-^ and now your M a- jefty having font tn his place one of the chief of your mofi ejieemed Sir Peter Wyche, to refide at our Imperial Portf and that the faid Sir Thomas Rowe hath taken refolution to return to your Alajefy^ with our Imperial confent we fend him unto you^ with thefe our Imperial Letters^ hoping in the mofi High God-, that when as he is mofi fafely arrived with yoit^ out of your abundant and innate clemency^ and your fingular and fincere goodnefs^ in refpeSl of his good and faithful fervice^ that you will fee him honoured and rewarded-, and to fee that the great affection and love which we nourijh towards your Ala- jefiy-, may be daily increafed we defire you readily im- pioyyour benign care in the keeping and obferving our Imperial Capitulation with every Article therein contain- ed^ as we on our part will Ukewije do in all things that are meet to be done., concerning their perfebl obfervation-, whereof you jh all find a good and clear Tefiimony by our future effi ’Us. \ Given zt Confiantinople., Anno 1628. With this Letter and ieveralprefents, Sir Thomas Powe iinbarqued on the Sampfon Frigat., in order to iail for England, but coming before Malta, and be- ing there becalmed, four Gallies came out of the Ha- ven and fet upon the Englifh Veflel, but after leven hours hot difpute were forced to retire with the Tofs of thirty Hx Knights of the Order, and two ■ hnn-' ,;iil Sir new tn- cai; wr Tl( ■Ihi ViOl rri b 1 The Ttirh}fl) Hijiory. 241 hundred lixty four common Souldiers and Rowers, when in the Sampfon only one Jew a PafTenger was killed, and about lix men wounded, yet the Ship I was grievoufly rent with Culverin fliot, and had been loft had the Sea been outragious. Sir Peter Wyche His Majefty of great Brittains new Ambalfador at Confiaminople-^ had not long con- tinued there before fome difturbance happened, oc- calioned by one WilUamB undock^ an Englilli Captains taking a Ship belonging to the Port, as (he was fail- ing to Mejfina-, which caufed the owners to demand with much clamour reparation, infomnch that the Chimacham or Chief Officer of the Port, cauied an Imbargo to be layed upon two Engiiffi Veflels then riding at Anchor in the Haven of Conjlantinople-, nor could the Ambaffiador procure their releafe with- out a promife of reparation for the dammages fu- -ftained, and that the Adtor ffiould be puniffied, nor would the infolent Souldiers though no way inte- relTed therein till five hundred Dollars w^ere beftow- ed amongft them. ^nno 1619. The Grand Signeour after much de- bate in counfel, made Provilion Jio renew the War in Perfiay as the only defign of Honour and Conle- quence, for though theTurkiih Empire in gaged in many troubles required a judicious and more then common providence to fiipport it, befet with dan- gers on every fide, and bearing more apparent ligns of its declination then ever. Yet thedifgrace of Halil Baflas retiring from Babylon^ and from be- foreand the lofs of the Treafure and Mu- nition, lb infpired Haferuph the new General with revenge, that he defired nothing more then to blot out thofe ftains that Eclipfed the Turkiffi Diadem, whereupon having recruited his Army, he cams b’e- Q_q 3 fore 24^ TU TurkijJ) Hijiery, fore Babylon, but after fome bravadoes retired to without performing any thing worthy men- tion, and there to fatiafie his mutinous Souldiers, exatided mony of all the Merchants ftrangers and native inhabitants, incouraging every bafe fellow to accufe Rich perfons of one crime or other, and then himfelf fitting as Judge would lay great fines on them, which they muft jiay or be imprifoned, up- on the the like pretence he imprifoned the Englifii Conful refiding there, and hanged his '^ruggerman or Interpreter, which infolencies made known to His Majelbies Ambaflador at Conjlantinopie-, he com- plained to the Grand Signeour but had no redrefs. Yet within a while after his ill conduct being made known he was difplaced, and Haffis Achmat Balia made great Vilier in his Read, though not without much difficulty, could he be induced to render his charge, for having by large Bribes won the Soul- diers, he fortified himielf in Mofalor Mwm biding defiance to his Mafter, yet at length he was reduced to obedience, but would not truft himfelf in the City of Confiantinople, but at a diftance plotted in- novation, and therein proceeded fo far that he cau- fed the Iamz.anes Spain to mutiny, and force the Grand Signeour to deliver into their hands the new Vilier, whom they inftantly tore in pieces, and not fo contented they made a further demand of the Mufti and Teftarder put into their power, but at the earnefl; intreaty of Morat they were appeafed, though not before he promifed to made Hufjeruph a fecond tim.e Vilier, and that BalTa Ihould of- ficiate till his arrival. The ftorm allayed the Grand Signeour began to conlider that Hujferuph had railed it by the Influence he had upon the Souldiers, and therefore leall he Ihould attempt any thing further, fecret order was given The TurkiJI) Hijhry. 245 ll ^ given to the BaiTa of Buda in whofe Government he ■ relided to fend bis head to Court, which was done > accordingly, but not ib privately but that the Soldi- ^ ers getting notice thereof, fuddenly made up their ^ many headed monfter, and in a great rage came to 1 the Seraglio demanding the beads of thofe that had ’ been any way councell ing or confenting to the death of HnJJernph^ otherwife they threatned all with ruin, but having no anfwer luitable to their minds they ran to the houfe of Regeb^ demanding of him who it was that had councelled fo great a wickednefs. Whereupon to fave his Life ( which was then in^O' fmall danger ) he protefted he knew not, and that himfelf was innocent of the matter, yet they for- ced him with them to the Palace , and made him their Orator to demand what they defired, upon which the y^ga Mufti and Teftardar with a private Servant of the Grand Signeours fled, but the latter being the next day taken and Pent back , he w^as delivered up as a facrifice to the infolent Souldiers, who after their ufual manner in fuch like caiestore him in pieces. Yet they were not fo contented, but Upon a rumour that the Grand Signeour had put his three Brethren to death, they broke into the Palace and could hardly be quieted , although the young Princes were produced, and that ieveral of- ficers fwore upon the Alcoran^ that they lee the grand Signeour lay bis hand upon the book and fwore they fhould have their demands fatisfied. In thefe Tumults the goods of Merchants ftrangers went to wrack, and divers affronts and indignities were offered the feveral Ambafladors rending at the Port, nor was this all, for about the fame time Eleas Baffa Rebelled againff; the Grand Signeour, and fiezed upon the City of Amafia about a League from Smirna^ infefting all the Countrey with divers Q, q 4 out- 244 TurkiJId Hijlory. outrages-, his Souldiers living altogether upon fpoil,- infomuch that the Merchants and Confuls at Smirna xvere forced to remove with their goods to Sdoy but an Army being fent againil him, he was in a pitch- ed Battle difcomfited and had moll of his followers iiain, himfelf hardly efcaping, and now the Grand Signeoun fuppofmg Re^eb Balia ( though indeed he was not) the Author of the late tumults-, fent for him into the Seraglio and there caufed him to be ftrangled. About this time.a fight for thefpaceof four hours was maintained by two Englifh Merchantmen, a- t( gainft thirty of the Turks Gallies, till at laftthe Englifh finding themfelves too weak for fuch odds fired their Veifels and call themfelves over board, where many of them perifhed, and thofe that were ft taken up put to the Oares •, in this fight a thoufand Turks were flain, and amongft them feveral Begs and men of note, of this apparent injury done by the Turks, His Majefty of Great Brittain by his Let- i( ter complained to the Grand Signeour , requiring ft that thofe that were taken Captives might be refto- red to their Liberty, that fo a right underftanding t might continue, but the Turks alledging that the Voyage of the two Ships were unlawful, by reafon they Traded in the Levant for Corn, the Ambafla- dor could little prevail, and had much ado to fave the lives of the Captives. Yet in the end to hinder the diflblution of the Turkilh Trade, andtopleafe the Grand Signeour , a Decree paifed in the Star Chamber prohibiting the Corn Trade in the Levant-, upon which feveral of the Captives were fet at Liberty. Three dayes after this adfion, a Fire happened in Confiantinaple which confumed Seventy Thoufand Hoiifes. The ’The TiirhiJI) HiJtorj. 245 The Wai* yet continuing, that King with a great Army belicged a flrcngGity upon the Confines of Dtarbn her-, the news whereof arriving at the Port, great preparations were made to prevent that important place from falling into the hands of the Perfians^ it being Decreed that all the Peghs of Ihould repair thither with fuch forces as they could leavy, and endeavour its releif, and to joyn them the Grand Vifler paffed over with all£/A ropean Souldiers, but ere any thing could be done the City was taken, whereupon the Vilier marched towards ^leppo^ exading great fiims of money, and the better to furnifh himfelf, fent the Cadee a Have to CjprM, and fiezed upon all his Treafure. Soon after the Turks under pretence of the Chri- ftians riling, liezed all their Arms, making it death to thofe in whofe houfes any were found after a time prefixed, nor content with this they hanged a Venetian Merchant only for his Money, and Impri- foned all the Chriflian Merchants in Conflantimplc^ fetting a ranfom of tw o thoufand Dollars upon each, and that if the money was not payed intourdayes they fhould be executed. The four Ambafladors of England-^ France-, Holland-, and Venice were like- wile convented before the Baflas in the Arfenal, and charged for building a Houle and Chappel without leave from the Grand Signeour, to have done it ia contempt of his Imperial Majelby, and much adc> they had to efcape being imprirened, but in the end upon the Chappels being demciillied , and all the Armes they had in their Houfes delivered to an of- ficer appointed to receive them, the Grand Signe- our was pacified, though indeed this w as tiled enb; as a trick to extort mony from them. This being the prelent ftate of things in, the Im- perial Port, the Englifii Ambtfaclcr in the bel.ali 2 4^? The Turhjjl) Hijiory. of his King and Nation, made known the juft re- fentments of his jMafter, for the affront offered in the perfon of him his Ambaffador, as likewife did the reft exclaiming of injuftice, infbmuch that the Captain Balfatold them that indeed the proceedings were too rigid, and that for the future care fhould be taken to prevent the like, as for their Armes ta- ken away he faid they had been feen by the Grand Signeour, and therefore could not be reftored, but that they had liberty to buy more , and the money exacted of the Merchants could not at that time be reftored by reafon of the urgent occa- fion of the ftatc, and therefore intreated them to be pacified, but the French Ambaffador v/as fo far fallen into the Grand Signeours difpleafure that his Death was determined, the execution whereof was with much danger to the dilfwaders deferred, and upon fecond thouglits changed into an Imprifon- inent, the caufeof which was for that he hadfiezed t upon lix'ty thoufand Dollars fent by the Town of i Marfeilles^ to pay his Predeceffors Debts contradt- ed in Conftanttmfle , which money he converted to - his o;vn uf", thereby defrauding the Creditor and obliging uuem to clamour for Turkifh Juftice,which in itfelfis cruelty and oppreffion. Theft inteftine troubles gave the Petfians Liberty : to make rhemielves Mafters of many ftrong places, , which greatly alarumed the Ottoman Empire, info- much that great preparations were "every where made, the Grand Signeour in perfon intending to take the Field. Bat ere the Army could be raiftd and all things gotten in a readinefs, the Perfians > were far advanced, and taken many places of impor- tance, and araongft the reft Reivan a ftrong place, Garrifoned by the Turks, taken from the Perfiani ' The Turkijf} Hijiorj. 247 the year before, putting all they found therein to the Sword and Ranfoni. I The report of thefe lolfes arriving, ere the Grand I Signeour had put himfeif in a readinefs to accompa- ny his Army, he layed afide his purpofeof going in perfon, and full of difeontents remained at home to confult his own fafety, which was now threatned with fuch a ftorm, that to fliun it w^as not imagi- ned apoflibility in humane Providence, for theSouI- diers that were abroad began to exprefs their dif- eontents, refuiing to receive their pay or to be com- manded by the Grand Vilier, for the Turks War with the Perfiam unwillingly, there being no other caufe for their invading each other then the emulati- on of greatnels, which has liiccelTively fired the Lords of thole tw^o mighty Empires. Belides the Turks leldom meet in Per/ta with any plentiful fpoils, fothatthey are neither incited by their own freenels, nor allured by the hopes of any large re- ward. But on the contrary to the Wars of Hun- gary and Poland^ they hall as to fome delightful fpedacle, induced thereto by a fuperftitious zeal, as making religion a ground for their attempts, and an alTurance of large fpoiles, where the Countries abound in all manner of Plenty. This danger of the Souldiers mutiny abroad reached not prelently the ears of the Grand Signe- our to terrific him with the apprehenfions of a dou- ble ftorm, for he had enough to do with the Jam- z.ariesj who now began to fulpeft another defigu on foot for the extirpation of their order which made them call off all obedience, and fet the great City of Cof?ftaf7tinople in an uproar, vchich obliged the Citizens every where to provide for their lafe- ties, for the unruly Souldiers having gotten the knack of making and unmaking Emperors at their plea- 248 The Turkjfi Hijlory. pleafure, were grown to that height of infolency that they fuppofed the center of Government to ^ reft in themfelves, and each individual man of them d thought himftlf fuperior to any Officer in the Em- ' pire, infomuch that they accounted the Grand Sig- neour but as their Steward intrufted by them with ® the Government , and that his Life and fafety wholly depended on their pleafure, which he well perceiving knew no better means to render them ' tradlable, then by diftributing large furas of money ■ amongftthem, which neverthelefs at this time much availed not, for being bent on mifchief they plunde- red the houfes of feveral Merchants and rich Bmghen killing and wounding fuch as refifted them,andina fu* ry ran to the Palace demanding fuch Favourites as they named which being denyed, they prelently fell into a confultation about depoling their Empe- i rour. Nay, fo far proceeded that many perfwad- ed to take away his Life as they had done his Bro- ther bat fo divided were they in . their Councils, that they could come to no refultat that time, but foon after allembling it w'as propoled, that if the Grand Signeour would make amends by fome acknowledgment of his ill intents toward them, and confirm their Order and Priviledges, his Government (he being one that was not infenfible of their power) might prove advantagious to them, but that if his difpofition refted yet undifcovered, it might render the courfe of their Lives obnoxious to inccrtainties, for the Grand Signeour in the begin- ning of his Reign, not exceeding fifteen years of age exprelTed a natural inclination toadion, which wits his years increaled, and this had fettled Ibme good opinion of him in the unruly Souldiers, whole defire is War that by plunder they may inrich themfelves. Though of late many of the Jmiz.aries (con- T'he TtirhiJ!) Hijlory. 249 ^contrary to their firfl inftitiition, and the long con- tinued courfe that formerEmpero/s had obliged them to) had married Wives fettled themfelves to Mer- chandize and were become both rich and effeminate. In thefe and the like mifchievous conlliltations many dayeswere wafted, nor could t\[tjnmz.(iries wanting their uftial Confederates the Spahi^ who were then under the leading of the Grand Vilier at ^rz.inm effed their purpole as they were wont which made them more cautious in their proceed- ings and to keep together in one ftrongand intire body as fearing to be deftroyed by a general Mafia- cre if they leparated , fuch a rumour ( whether fpread by themfelves to countenance them in their unlawful purpoles or really intended) being fpread about the City, and that in the room of them a new Militia fhould be eftablifhed , lefs chargeable and more traftable, after the fame method as DeUvire Baffa had formerly purpofed, and that many were for that purpofe inrolled on the FroQtires,efpecially European Horfemen that were continually in adtion to prevent the incurlions of the Cojfac^ and free Heyducks., who living moftly upon Ipoil greatly en- dammaged the Turks, but in the end a right under- ftanding ^being created between the Emperour and the Janiz.aries by the mediation of the great Offi- cers of the Court a Reconciliation was made, though not without a wonderful mafs of money diftribut- ed amongft the latter, who frequently mutiny for no other purpofe then by fuch m.eans to inrich themfelves, well knowing that the Grand Signccur has no other way to appeafe them, then by diftri- buting large fumms of mony amongft them ;• nor were the Soldiers abroad fatisfied till they hadfacri- ficed to their revenge the chief Treafurer of the Army, the two of the Spahds and the Chiatis Bafla 250 The Turkijh Hijlory. Bafla of the Janizaries., nor till a new Vilier was fentto difcharge the Old one, and to lead them to the PerJianWnT. During thefe troubles an AmbalTador from the King of Perjia arrived at Omflaminople., with many Rich prefents, which caufed him to have the fpeedi- er Audience, and promife of an honourable Peace, bur whilft the Treaty held, the Ojfacks driven out of Poland by King Uladijlaas, had liezed upon /^fac a llrong City of the Grand Signeours, feituate upon the mouth of the River Tanaisy upon the declining of a Hill, which they pillaged and afterward For- tified, keeping poffeHion thereof for the fpace of four years, at what time the Turk again recovered it, as alfo great troubles arofe in Tartary, upon the Tartar Hans putting to death the Bafla Mttfti, and Cadi of Caff a, for reproving him of Gowardife, for thereupon the Grand Signeour fecretly maintained Camimeri and his faTion againfl him, who with Fire and Sword wafted hisGountrey, and at length pafTing the Niefter liezed on the Countrey of Bad- near to Beliegrode and Kilea bordering on the Countrey of Moldavia, on which he likewife in- croached drawing a World of People after him, which raifed a jealoufie in Vladijlaas the Polonian King, who doubting they would prove troublefom neighbours, refolvcd to expell them by force of Armes, but whilft he delayed the Tartar Han exe- cuted hispurpofe, for letting upon Camimeri with a great Army overthrew him, and followed the ex- ecution over the large Plains of Dobrm, fo that difpairing to appear any more formidable in the Field he fled to Conjiantinople, where the Grand Sig- neour contrary to his Faith given, to curry favour with Tartar Han caufed him. to be ftrangled, toge- ther Tie Tnrkjj!} H/fcorj. 25 1 therv/ith his Son, v/hen not long after a Nephew of this Cautimeri killed Tartar Han as he was Hunt- ing, and by a mifguiding path feparated from his followers, for v/hich Treachery he was applauded at CofjJiaminop.Sj as a man of admirable courage, and upon news of death caufed Becher Ghereyhh brother to be Proclaimed King of Tartary. Notwithllanding the fair Promifes of Alorat^ the Terfian AmbalTador was difmiiled without any agree- ment of Articles in relation to a Peace, and order given to profecute that War with all imaginable rigor, intending to go himfeif in perfon and knock at the Gates of Babylon^ whereupon he hung out the Horfe taile, a certain lign of his or the Grand Viliers taking the Field, and increaled the number of his revoking a Decree he had made to the contrary, commanding his BafTas upon the Chri- ftianFrontiers to give nooccalion of complaint in his abfence that might oblige him to retire ere he had accomplilhed his purpofe, and lb with an Army of five hundred thouland Horfe and Foot, whereof three hundred thoiifand were fighting men, he en- tered Berfia about the end of May 1638. having , joyned the Grand Vifier with fuch forces as he had 2Xlconinm-^ and in his way overthrew a Shegh who had drawn a great number of people into Rebellion under pretence of Religion, out of the Mountains of j4natoliaj but the Impoftor efcaping yilsrat to pre- vent his further attempts, caufed to be proclaimed that if he was not put into his hands he would de- ftroy all the Countrey with Fire and Sword, for fear of which he v/as difeovered by thole that he trulted with the knowledge of his aboad, and by the Grand Signeours command Head alive, and with his skin off carryed to the wheel, and there broken without exprelTing the lealMenceof pain. This 252 l.he TnrljJJ} Hijiory. This let removed Marat pafTed on, to oppofe whole paflage the Perfian King took the Field with one hundred twenty thoufand Horfe,and put 30 thou- land men into Babylon^ with what was necelTary for their fubhltence, but at the fame time hisCountrey on the other fide being invaded by the great Mogul of India-, who in favour of Morat had raifed a power- ful Army, he did not think it convenient to give the Turks Battle but permitted them to pafs the Euphrates over a Bridge, though not without great lofs, for the Bridge giving way under fo great a weight, many Men, Horfes , and Camels perilhed in the Water, but it being repaired the remainder of the Army attained the further Bank, and in a Ihort time came to Moful-, antiently called Nimve., where all the petty Princes whofe Countries were near came to the Camp and tendered their Homage to the Grand Signeour, bringing many rich prefents and promifing to become his Tributaries. The Army riling from before Moful-, Morat mar- ched direTly to Babylon-, (otherwife Bagdat account- ed the ancien tell City in the World, reported to be built h'j Ni,nrod on the Bank of the River £«- fhratcs) which he llraitly befieged, ordering his Batteries in three places to be raifed, and each Bat- talion to be appointed his quarter, himfelf being attired like a private Souldier to be the lefsexpofed to danger, protelling he would never change his Cloathes unlefs he might do it within the Walls of Babylon-, and with words and gifts fo incouraged the Officers and Souldiers that within three dayes the Trenches were opened, himfelf giving Fire to the firll Cannon , and after that with fifty great pieces he thundered againll the Walls incelTantly, being anfwered in the fame Language by the Defen- dants, who were eighty thoufand fighting men, four The TurkjJJi HiJiorj', 25^ four or 5 thoufend of which frequently lallyed as they faw advantage making great daughter of the Turks for the Perftan had put into this important place his Souldiers of greateft courage, thinking by that means to prevent its falling into the Grand Signeors hands , either by their valour or protrading the time till he could be better at leafure to relieve it, but notwithllanding the continual skirmilhes, the Turks numerous Army advanced the Trenches to the brink of the Ditches, railing leveral redoubts to lecure themfelves, and hinder thebelieged from lal- lying,and fo effedually they wrought, hat within one months fpace they filled up the firfb and fecond Ditches with Wool lac ks , Fagots, and the like ; and then in great numbers allaulted the breaches the Cannon had made, but were llrenuoufly re- pulfed by the Perfians , who Ihowred on them all manner of warlike inftruments of death. The great Vifier fignalizing himfelf above all by his un- daunted courage, commanding with his hand and voice was (lain by a Mufquet fhot. I'his fight with- in the breach continued for the fpace of five days, where both parties fighting like men in defpair, the dead bodies lay in heaps, and blood flowed like a Torrent. But at length the number of Turks prevailing they under the leading of Mufiapba Balia, on the 22th. of December ^ j4nno Dom. 1638. ente- red the City, and let up the Royal ftandard, againlt whom notwithftanding four and twenty thouland Perfians made head, but quarter being offered them they readily accepted it , throwing down their Armes and fubmitting upon thcpublick Faith of the Grand Signeour for their fafety, who contrary, to his promile caiiled them when difermed moll barba- rouliy to be Malfacrcd , not fparing either Man, Woman or Child, R r The 3 54 Ti/rkijf} Hijiory, The taking of Babylon caufed gi^t rejoycing at Cenftantinople-, a twenty dayes Feaft: being theteupon proclaimed, and many Ceremonies ufed according to the Turkifli manner , and the Gtand Signeour having left a Garrifon of thirty thoufend Wen in his new conquered City returned to the Port, hav- ing in this Expedition loft by the Swbrd, Famine, and Peftilence one hundred thouland of his beft then, and himlelf very much afflicted with fitk- hefs. Sooh after his return and triumphant enterance', tn Ambaflador arrived from Perfta with prOpolals of Peace, who being admitted to Audience, and the matter afterwards referred to the Chimacam a Ptiaice was concluded, the chief Article being that Rtvtn Ihould remain to the Sophy , and Bahfon to the Grand Signeour. During the Verftan War the Venetians having Jiiftained great dammage by the Pyrates of Airier and Tanisi, let forth a Fleet of Gallies and deftroyed many of thofe Rovers and amongft the reft leven in the Grand SigneOurs Port of Valona^ which he highly relented, but in the end was by leveral rich Prefents pacified, and the Peace renewed : and foon after an Envoy extraordinary from the Emperor of Germany arrived at the Port, to congratulate the Grand Signeours fuccefs in his late Perfian War, but not bringing fuch Preients as were expefted, he was not received with the honour due to his Charafter ; and there happening a dilputc between the Englilh AmbaHador and this Envoy about precedency, the Turks granted it the former, being made to under- ftand the difference Chriftian Princes make between an Ambaflador and an Envoy. And now Morat ftudying on whom to turn his Arms, at length con- cluded to invade Canumy-i and in order thereto called 'a h b, (: I Pi ra ll!( di lie of U ai] hi: I k hi: it pi The Tnrl{iJJ} Hijiory. 255^ called him the new Grand Vifier Mhfiapha^ whom he had left with a part of the Army in Ferftt, but death fruftrated his projedt, for drinking ex- celTively with feveral of his Favourites and pot Companions he fell into a Fevour, whereupon his Phyfitiaiis being called were fearful to adminifter I remedies, leaft proving uniiiccefsful their lives ■ liiould be indangered, yet at length they con- cluded to let him blood which haftcned his end, he dying the 8th. of February^ Anno Dorn 1640. f of his Reign the feventeen, and of his Age thir- ! fy one , having ruled in the height of all excels and irregular dilbrders his youthflil years inabled him to’ liipport having murthered Orchan and Bajaz.ety two of his Brethren and leaving him- felf no llTue, fo that Ibrahim Son of Achmat, and his younger Brother, prelcrved by ftrange Provi- dence from his fury fucceeded him in the Em- pire. R r 2 CHAP CHAP. I’Xin. Ti^c Life and ^eign of Sultan Ibrahim, the 'Tli)cfth Emperour of the ’Turks. . j , , ■ | - r s ' I MOrAt being dead as is before recited, Ibrahim the onely Male furviver of the Ottoman Race, vi as taken from the Prifon in which his Brother had i confined him and proclaimed Emperor, though Merat in his Life time had by his will bequeathed his Empire toths, Tartar. This new Emperor being ofafoft nature fufiered himfelf to be wholly governed by his I Mother, and fuch Minifters as were about him, himfelf being altogether weak in his underltanding. :i So that the War intended againft -the C ermans was j by the Council of the great Vilier reverted on the , Coffacks, yet for fome reafon for a whileiufpended, i the great Vifierin the mean while lludying to take ; fuch out of the way that might Eclipfe his grandure, ! and amongfi the reft he caufed the Captain Bafla, ' the decealed Emperors Chief Favorite to be behead- ed in Seliftra-, whither he had lent him Governour for that purpofe. The news of Sultan Ibrahims advancement to the i Throne, being known to the Chriftian Princes, ' few of them deferred to lend Ambafladors to con- ^ gratulate him on that occalion, each making him large Prefents as the manner is, for as’tis often laid in rliisKilcory none may have Audience of theTur- ' ^:irii Emiperour that comes empty handed. The The TnrkiJIi Hijlor). 257 The Grand Signeour about this time greatly ad- didling himfelf to the ufe ot’ Women, tell into an Apoplexy- which pat many in doubt of his reco- very, and raifed the greater confuHon by reafon he had no Children, and that it was given out by his Women with whom he had to do, that he was not "capable of generation , therefore the Conncellors confulted amongil themfelves, that in cafe he died without Iflue the Son of a Siller or Neece iTiould afeend the Throne, and that in no wife the Suc- celTion Ihould devolve to the whofe rightit is upon the failure of the Ottoman Male-line, bathe foon after recovering of his indifpolition put them in fome hopes, though that joy was damped by the advice that came to Court of the mine of feveral Important Cities on the Frontires of Perfia by a terrible Earthquake. Yet the Grand Signeour to fhow the World that he intended fomething, gave Order to the Grand Vilier to beliege poileilM 'by the Cojfacksia the Reign of Morat, as isaforefaid which he did both by Sea and Land, and not with- out great lofs of his befl: men, reduced it to the Turkilh obedience, ^nm Dom. 1(541. at what time it was abandoned by the Garriion of OJfacks^ who defpairing to hold it long departed with' all their fubftance. About the beginning of the following yearthe^ doubt of the Grand Signeours improcrcation vaniih- ed for one of his Sajanefes brought forth a Son, who was named which replenilhed theTur- ^kifhTmpire with joy, which Prince now fwaysthe Ottoman Scepter, during the Triumphs for the birth of the young Prince, the Perfian King by his Am- ballador renewed his League with the Snltan^ which was performed upon an additional Article, that the Sophy would demolilh the Fortrefs of which R r 3 he 25S The Turkijlo Hifiory, he had contrary to Articles on the Frontires, not far from the Cafpian Sea, which that it might aiTuredly be performed a Capu^ibathee was dilp^ch- ed to lee it efeded, after which a confiderable bo- dy of Turks gathering together in endea- voured to furprize Kab a ftrong Garrilbn on tl)c' frontires in this manner, ope hundred men be- ing; truflTed up in Carts, and covered with Hay and Straw in the habit of Peafants, who getting ente- rance, were to leap out and furprize the Centinels that guarded the Gate, at what time four thoulan*^ Turks for that purpofe layed in Ambufh were to en- ter and poflefs tliemfelves of the place, bpt this Treachery fucceeded not, the Arabufcado being djifi- covered by an Officer of the Garrifon that was abroad, he made it known to the Guards, who nqt- withltanding permitted the Carts to enter and then drew up the Bridge and unloaded the Carts, which rendred it apparent the intended Treachery in time of Peace, of which the Emperour feiit and Anibada- dor to Conftantimple^ but the T urks being alhamed! of what had happened, elpecially of their evil iuccefs would not admit the Ambaflador to his Audience unlels the Emperor would firft agree to pay a yearly charge of one hundred thouland Rix-Dollgrs to the Port, not by way of Tribute but ofPrefentdn which unreafonable demand they took more confidence for that they well perceived the Emperour was intan- gjed in his Wars with Svpeden^ the ,Chriftians di/- fenfion being ever advantagious to the Turks. To thele dilhonorable demands the Emperour would ip no wife condefeendj fuppoling it lefs perilous to venture a War in Hungary then to comply with propofitions fo derogatory to the Majefty of hjis greatnels. Ibrahim The Tinhjp Hijlory. 259 Ihrahim addiding himfelf to the Company of Women then in which he feemed in nothing more to delight, fpent more Treafure in the foft Wars of VeriHs^ than his PredecelTor had done in his Ver- fim Expedition, and fo laboured he therein that Anno Dorn. 1543. he had two other Sons born, ! which abfolutely took away the reproach of hisfri- I gidity and impotency, proving afterward the moH i Lafcivious and devoted Snltan that ever afpired to the Mahometan paradife, where the Company of I fair Women is the chiefeft felicity promifed. Yet that he might not he forgot abroad, he lent out his Fleet of Gallies, under the command of his Cap- tain Haifa, who after much Treafure fpent with- I out efFeding any thing, except ftrangling the Baifa of Cyprus for his ftore of Wealth he returned. I About this time a great Pligue raging at dria^ about fix thoufand flaves found means to efcape and carry with them feveral Veflels that rode at Anchor in the road, in which they conveyed them- felves to Cmdia and Malta-, and from thence many of them found means to depart to their refpedivc Countries , of which the Grand Signeour having notice, fent to the Signory of;^ mice to command their redelivery, which not being pejfor-med afterwards occalioned the lofs of Candia, as (hall in the Reign of Mahomet the fourth be difeoarfed of more at large. Now the year 1644. beginning Rogot^t Pjince of Tranfylvania, who fucceeded in tbaxPrincipa*' Hty being of a turbulent nature, he fo wrought with [ the dilcontented hiungarians and Aujirians jihat hc” caufed them to Rebel, to whom he joyning hisForces, drew after him fif ty thoulandHorfe andToot, with which h“ took Sohock^ befieged Filck and R r 4 fot 26 1 TheTurhip Hijiory. ' for fiipprefling of whom the Emperor caufed his Troops to ad\^ance, who in divers skirrniflies worited the Rebels, and overthrew fix tboufand Turks, who were coming to the affiftance of Rogot- jkit but at length both parties tired with the toiles of War, on the 14th. of Aiignjl in the following year a Peace was concluded, and foon after the Grand Signeors Mother ruling all in effefl caufed the Grand Vifier to be put to death, thereby to render her Authority more dreadful to the reft, and caufed her Son to appoint Mahomet Balia of Damafcm Grand Vifier in his ftead, who was altogether at her devo- tion as being firft promoted to the Bafia-lhip of Da- mafcMSy at her inftant fute to her Son Morat Prede- ceflbr to this Emperor. Whilft theft matters were in agitation thq Tar- tars forgetful of their late Peace, made an incur- fion with thirty thoufand men into Rapa, ag'ainft whom Konifpolski having made head with twenty thoufand Horft and Foot defeated them, killiflg twelve thoufand , and taking three thoufand Pri- foners purfuing the remainder to the ^Borders of Talachia-, in like manner Wifnowitl^ 'z noble Polander happily encountering another pzny Tartarsy as they were returning from the fpoil of a part of Mofcovia, killed ten thoufand of them, and recove- red a great booty, fending the reft naked into their own Countrey. The Polonians thus prevailing the Grand Signeour to curry favour with the Pdonian King, depoftd the Tartar Han from his 'foveraignty, which caufed various difcourfts, but upon the birth of th^ Grand Signeours fourth Son that wonder ceafed, nor was that all which changed the fcene of admuration, for about this time fix Gallies^of the Turks palling from Confiantimple to Alexandriaviexe taken by the Knights of Mahay which greatly in- cenfed The TurkiJIy HiJlorj/. 260 i cenfed the Grand Signeour againft the Venetians t. ^ who had it in charge according to the League con- d eluded between that Signory and the Port, to guard (• ‘ • thofe Seas, inforauch that under pretence of deftroy- ;s i ingthe Iflandof Malta^ this and former grievances r i induced the Grand Signeour to make great prepa- 1 ration for the Invalion of CancUa formerly called 1 Crete ^ yet the Venetian Balto or Ambalfador was carelTed atfucharate as he fufpedted no fuch Trea- chery, but the ftate growing jealous upon notice of the great Naval preparation, provided cantioully forthefafety of their Ifland. During thefe preparations the Grand Signeor fol- lowed his Lafeivious courfes keeping his female Court in fuch fplendor,that his greateft Treafure was fpenc therein, nor was all the Silks of Italy Lifficient to fuffice his Women, but upon the falfe rumour that the defign was againft the Alaltefans, they were not idle but in the beft manner Fortified their chief places of ftrength,yet in the end the ftorm fell not there but upon Candia, for the Fleet of a hundred Gallies, and fifty great Ships with three hundred Saicks, moft of the latter being prelied for the tranfportation of Souldiers being arrived at Sew after refrefhmont of the Army conlifting of feven thoufand 'jan(z.aries^ fourteen thouland Spahies, fifty thouland three thoufand Pioriers, belides Cooks, Bakers and other necellary followers let fail for Napoli Di Ro- magnia^ and having ftayed there fome time weighed Anchor and touching at divers Iflands, fome belong- ing to the V ^netiaas^ and others not, they at length came to Candia (having taken a V ’.nttian VelTel laden with*. Ammunition, and bound for Retimo by the way) where no longer being able to hide their in- tentions they unmasked themfelves, by publilh- ing the War both ;here and at Covjiaminople^ the 2^2 The TnrkiJJj Hijlory. the latter of which was attended with theim- ^ priionrnent of the Balio or Venetian Arabaflador, ' and giving order through all the AnhijieUgo for ' the enflaving and deftroying all the fubjeds of that Republick, and here the Turk pradifed his ufual beginning of War with more then ordinary cauti- ' on, for though with other Princes whofe Territo- ^ ties border on him by Land, he ufually endeavours \ to ftr ike at the lame time when he gives the Taluta- 1 tion of Peace. Yet here being to contend at Sea ] where he was conCcious his forces were inferiour tothofe of f^enice, he pradifed by a different me- thod, making many vows and proteftations that no -inch thing was intended till he had fafely Landed his Forces, yet were not the yenetians fo eafieof belief, but that they likewife Armed thirty Gallies, feventeen Englilh and Dutch Ships, two Galliafles, and feveral other Veflels of force, raifing a great power by Land to tranfport into that important iQand, imploring the affiftance of divers Ghriftian Princes, who were not backward tOitheir aid, fend- i ing their Fleet to Sea imder the Command of 4n~ i tovh CapeUo.Francifco made Proved! tor General, whole good condud in affairs caufed him to be made Proveditor General , and afterwards Duke of and an exprefs fent to 4ndrtf Got- nurQ Inquilicor in CaadU, to Arntout twenty Gallies from the Arlenal of Canea, and to promote this de- liga the better, two Englilh, and one Dutch Ship then in the Port of Mallomcco were hired to carry •Timber, fitted and already ^uared for the complea- ting the faid number of Gallies, and Francifca E.xiz.%.0 was appointed Ge^ral of all the Naval Forces, i but he l^ing Ifricken in years, whillt he intended to crown the remainder of his dayes with glory was taken off’by death, leaving fufficiently graced with the 'The Turhijl) Hijiory. 2^5 the memory of his paft adlions ^ yet the Fleet was no waysobftrudbed, but with a profperous gale failed to Corfn , and from thence to CancUa-t w here the Turks were arrived before them and had landed I without oppoUtion, occalipned by the difference . (thatantient Remora) amongft the ChrilUan Princes . Confederates, with the Venetiofis about.bearingthe , h3g> which was vigoroully contended for by the Ce- . paydays and Florenfines^ nor could it be reconciled though the Pope earneitly laboured therein , ad- vifing them for the deciding the controverfie at a time when the urgency adtpitted of no delay .to wave Ceremonies, yet ere they could come to the affi- itance of the F'enetiaas , the Tuirks had fpoil^d ? ' great part of the Ifland, and after divers skirmilhes with much blood and daughter took Caney., the -;fe- cond City of importance, and after that in defence of which Andrea Cornyrp loft hi.s by a Mufquet fhot. Anno 1546. The opportunity was fair for de- ftroying the Tur^s Fleet as it carelefly rod at An- chor near the Ifle of Theodore oppolite to Cayep, where had the advantage ,bpcn improved might cafily have been bum.t,but fuch was the contention a- mongft the Ghriftian Commanders, that nothing was attempted worthy of mention, whereupon lino General of the Fenetpan La^d Forces was revo- ked by the Senate, and dilmiiftd ot his high charge, Cafello being appointed to fucceed him, who being ftrengthned wii^ an additional fapply of Qailips, Galliafles and ^ips of he wafted the Iftand, whilft Mprofini with two and twenty Ships faced the Towers of the BordiwelUs in the ,HelieJj)pm,z^ braved the Ottgmaa power incountering fi|ch Gal- lies.as in a dead calm were ^^nt pgt agaijcyi him>whic h after 264 TheTnrkjJI) HiJiorj. I after a (harp dilpute he obliged to retire, ‘and thet^ failed to )oyn his Admiral perfwading him to give the Turks Battle, but whilft he delayed they land- ed an additional ftrength of forty thoufand men on the Ifland, and kept their Gallies fo clofe with- j in the Harbour that they could not be indammaged without great difedvantage to the ' Ghriftians, ‘nor did the Fire-Ships too late prepared to burn tkem fucceed, by. reafon they took Fire too foon^ yetthe fucceeding Moroftni having -notice that the Turks were Landed at Scioy and that they carelefly romed up and dovyny came thither with divers Ships of War took feveral of their Gallies, and in them many prifonersofnote, but foon afterward being le- rated from his Squadron in a ftdrm, he was let hp- on by fifteen Gallies of Rhodes and boarded, where fighting valiantly he was flain by .a. Mufquet Bullet, yet his Ship upon the coming in of two Galliafles Was ! refcucd. The funeral folemnity of this renowned Captain was celebrated with all pomp at f^e- nice. " • t .-' . , . ^ ^ , Not by Sea only But at Land the' Turks invaded Udoz Venetian Terfitories, for pouring a multitude of men into Dalmatiay yet were hot greatly fuccefs- ful for Lednardo Fofcolo the General, on that fide overthrew their Forces in divers con- flidts. ; ; . . ■ I In one of which he took the' Sdnz.ach Liccay and flew his Son, recovered Saccovar y> Pofijfano d If any and Novogrodcy the latter of which by order of the Senate he demolifhed, and purfiiing his good fuccefs took all the Cities and Towns the Turks held on that fide, utterly driving them out of "Ddrnatiay butthis joy was palliated by the unwelcome news of •the Fleets being wrecked in the Anhi^lagOy and a great number of Ships and Gallies broken to pieces, i which Th TurkiP) Hipory. 265 i\ which fo raifed the drooping courage of the Turks J that they advanced to the Walls of Candia^ and J. ftraitly befieged it but were fo valiantly repulfed by j the Chriftians that had put themfelves into it . that after the lofs of thirty thoufand men they J were obliged to retire as not being capable of gain- f ing it, though Fofcolo about this time proved fuc- ] cefsful in taking a ftrong Fort feituate in the . confines of DMmatta , and overthrew Feckeli Bafla ; killing and taking Prifoners the greateft part of his ^ Army, which caufed MorUches to revolt, and leveral ; of the principal inhabitants of Scutary to treat with the Venetian General about putting that City into his hands, to take pofleffion of which feven thoufand men were fent who feized feme feveral fmall places, but ere they could arrive at Scutari , their defign wasdilcovered and they obliged for the prelervation of their lives, to betake themfelves to the Moun- , tains for as many as were taken the Turks impailed them alive. The Grand Vilier inraged for the lofs of dis- patched r>crvis Bafla into part of Bofna with a po- werful Army to affault 5^e/<«rr<7,againft whom the F' General marched together with Serich Capt.of Morlaches^bwt by reafon of the Chriflians diforderly march, ingathering the fpoil of the Countrey, the 1 urksfetuponapart oftl^ Army and put it to the rout, though Sensh and other Dalmatian Captains did all that men could perform. In this conflid 400 Chriflians were flain and as many taken Prifoners, amongfl the latter of which was the Captain of laches whom the Turks flayed alive, and afterward? impailed,yet though they fubdued his body they could not conquer his invincible mind, he bearing the fame Conflancy and Refolution in his torments a> he had done in Battle. H66 The Turkijl) Hijlory, During tlitfe ffafiiladidrjs lytaliiih indulged him* felf iff dl manner of plealiires Inlaying the rdanage- lueht of all his affairs to his Batfa, himfelf Being wholly direfted by a wench, who in the natufe of Bmid or procurer went fronil bht'h fOba^ tb tal^d a view of the' Ladies, and thole- fhe jfcrceiYed faif- eft, Ihe inquired out the plates of their abode and re- commended them to her Lord; vi/ho tf^n he^ffih'g h^ prail^ their beauty- would inllantiy be eri^sibur- ed of them, and fend to fetch them either By’ fair me^s or force to his Bed. This courfe taken a vehile without controul, flie at length filled hfe ears with the commendation of a Sultanels, Widow tb his brother Morat deceafed, but this Woman could by no intreaty be won to his Luft, nor obliged With prefents to comply alledging (he had vowed perpe- tual Widowhood, and that her former Lord to her was living in conceit, which denyal the morb inraged Ibrahim now grown impatient of delay, wherefore he intended to fnatch that by force that intreaty could not gain, wherefore watching her one day as Ihe came out of the Bath, he liezed her in his armes, which Ihe perceiving refolved upon the defence of her Chaftity, and therefore drew her Dagger (a weapon which the Sultanels and Chief Lady wear at their fides) and offered to Wound him in her own deferree, which obferving let go his hold, at what time the buftle caufing *a loud clatnbuf his Mother came from her apartment, whoundCTftand- ing what had happened began to repfoye hei^ fbn of his lafeivious behaviour, during which’ tffe'SUlta- nefs found megns to elcape, which fo Ibra-- him that he confined his Mother to the cMSerAgliby interdiding her his prefence till with lubmiffioii aUd many intreaties fhe had obtained pardon. After The Turkijli Hijiory. 267 After thfc lofs of this SHltaiiefs]m procurer called by him Shecher Para, calling her eyes upon the Daughter of the Mufti a young Lady of excellent beauty ,fb warmed the heart of with the rela- tion of her rare perfedions,that he refolvcd to have her at any rate, ahd therefore at fir ft refolved to fend for her by force, but conl.derirg the power of the Mufti, he upon lecond thoughts iuppoled it not cbnVenient to incenfe him by fuch a ralh adicr, but rather to fend lor hint and to treat with him about taking his daughter to be one of his Sultavas, which he did, and reaibred with him about tnat affair, but theoJo man who intirely loved his daughter and well confidering the wandering loves of IbrahUt, and that he having already fons her off fpring would be either poiloned, ftrangled or become lad reclules after his death, inwardly refolved not to confenttp his requeft, yet diflerabled the matter in excufing fb gfeat an honour to one that was unworthy of it, bdt withal concluded to deal with his Daughter in the bell manner to the Sultans advantage, but by their Law could oblige her therein no further then her free confent allowed. Plcafed with this anfwer Ibrahim difmiffcd the Mtfti with feveral rich prefents, thinking his wifties Ihould now be fatisfied, but the old man havirg hardened his Daughter not to accept this c ffer re- turned with the unexpedled news next morning, that notwithftanding his perfwafion and paternal com- mands, his Daughter proved averfe contrary to his cxpedlation, but the reafon he knew not how to con- jefture, fince Women are commonly irregular and unreafonable in their affeftions, Jbrahitn in this man- »er difappointed of what hemeft defined, dil'miffed the with negleft and difdaign, as one who had deceived his truftlbon after banifted him the Court and 268 iheTnrkiJJ) HiJiorj. and his preience, growing unfatisfied at all his ad- miniftrations of Juftice, and refolved another courfei for obtaining the young Lady, the management of which he committed to her who had recommended her to him, who alfaulted her with promifes of greatnefs, rich gifts, and many fair words , but ; finding the Virgin to be deaf to her Sirens fong, file at lafl: taking pitty of fuch innocence and vertue at her requeft and for a great reward, promifed fb to deal with the Sultan that he Ihould put her out of his thoughts which file attempted but in vain, for Ibrahim who by this time had viewed her rare per- fedtions was fo inamoured of her , that fleeping or waking he fancyedher Idea before him, whereupon finding fair means ineffedtual he refolved to ufe thole he had often done, wherefore he commanded the Grand Vifier, that next time (he came to the bath he fet a Guard upon her, and by force bring her to his Bed, which was accordingly done, and Ibrahim for fome dayes enjoyed her, but fullennefs, tears and reludtancy much abated the pleafure he expedted for file would by no means be comforted, wherefore with fcorn and contempt he returned her to her j father, who at fiiit difiembled the injury and dif- i grace, but in the end making his refentments known i to Mahomet Bafia a Principal member of t\\t.bivanoy ] one of great Wifdom and pradtile in the condudt of . affairs, as alfo to the Aga of the Janiz.aries-^ both ' Enemies to the Grand Vifier. It was concluded : the Qiieen Mother fiiould be drawn into the Confpi- j racy,but how to do it againfl: her Son they knew not i well, therefore refolved firlt the deftrudion of the , Grand Vifier by laying to his charge the contrivance of the Rape’, as well as the forceable feizing of the Virgin, though they aimed at depoling the Grand Signcour. The ^ The Tiirkjfl) Hijlory. 269 The Plot thus layed the Mufti begged an Audi- ence of the Queen as if he would intreat her to be- come an humble IntercelTor for him to her Son, and being admitted to her prefence, after fome confe- rence he plainly perceived her inveterate hatred againft Ibrahim which made him break his mind more boldly to her and in the end to propofe the Imprifon- ment of the Grand Signeor yet palliated his dilcourfe with this allay, that he fliould not be abfolutely lay- ed afide but onlycorreded a while, and thereby put in remembrance of his former Hate, that fo for the future he might be intruded what moderation and Juftice meant, and fo infinuated that the Queen in hopes of Governing all confented to whathepro- pofed, whereupon ftrengthening their party they fo wrought that they caufed the Jamz.anes to mu- tiny, and went at the head of them to the Grand Signeour, as feemingly forced to do by the rude Sol- diers, and being admitted they boldly demanded that the Grand Vilier Ihould be deprived of his of- fice, and that (as it had been before agreed amongll the Confpirators)A/<*^owcf Balia lhoul4fucceed him in his office,which the Grand Signeour at firft refufed, but being perfwaded by his Mother that it was at that time necellary fo to do for appealing the Tumultuary Souldiers he confented. j^chmet the depofed Vilier trembling at the confequences hereof, refolved to commit himfelf to the protedtion of his mercilefs Enemy the and therefore haltened to his houle to attend his return, hoping to find him his protedtor, but the M.nfn returning with the of lhtJaniz,arieSf and finding the depoled Vilier in his houle, the latter by tlie advice of the former deli- vered him up to the fury of the Souldiers who ha- ving Itrangled him threw his dead body before the gate of the new Mo/c/?. S f The 'I'JO TheTurkij}) Hijlory. The next day the 7am^,aries arifing in like tumult as before, demanded of the whether according to their Law Ibrahim as a Fool, Tyrant, and one unfit to wield the Ottoman Scepter, ought not to be depofed. To which the M^fti gave anfwer in the affirmative, and caufed Ibrahim to be fummoned the next day to appear in the Divano to adminifter Juftice to his Subjeds, and Souldiers who expeded it from him. But the Sultan fuppoling he had fufficiently fatisfied the Souldiers by putting the Grand Vilier out of office, laughed at the fummons the Mufti had made him which being feconded by a Fetfa (which is a point of Law refolved by the Mufti^ who is the mouth and Oracle of the Law, viz., that the Grand Signeour called to account is obliged to appear be- fore the Juftice.) The Sultan in high difdaign tore the paper, threatning the head of the but it was nov/ too late he haffing furely fortified himfelf with the power and ftrength of his rebellious com- panions. This Fetfa was immediately feconded by a fummons of a higher nature which declared that whofoever diicbeyed the Law of God was not a true Muffutman or believer, aud though the Perfon of the Emperour himfelf, yet being become by his adi- ons a Rafir or Infidel was ipfo jalio fallen from his Throne, and no further capable of Authority or Government. This Fafa being feeii by Ibrahim he likewife tore it, commanding the Grand Vifier in- ftantly to put the Mufti to death as guilty of Treafon againft his Emperour, but having by this time loft his Authority , his commands were not obeyed, nor his perfon reverenced, for the Jani va- ries being affembled about five in the afternoon came with their ufual tumults to the gates of the Seraglio.^ at whofe approach Icfing all ccuragefledto his Mother for protedion, begging her affiftance who The Turh^ijl) Hijlory. 271 who being a bold and llibtle Woman ufed all her Rhetorick and Eloquence to perfwade the Souldiers not to offer any violence to the perfon of their Lord, promiling that he fhould relinquifh the Go- vernment, and retire himfelf with a guard into the Lodging out of which he was advanced to the Em- pire. Ibrahim comforted a little that his Life was fpared willingly fubmitted himfelf a Prifoner, when in the mean time the Souldiers taking forth his Eld- eft Son Sultan M ahomet him on the Throne, every where proclaiming him Emperour with loud Acclamations of which Ibrahim having notice grew impatient, and often with fad laments beat his head againft the Wall, till at length to put a flop to his fury four Mutes were fent to ftranglehim, who on the 17th. of Atwo Dorn. 1648. performed that barbarous exploit, fo that according to the fay- ing of King Charles the frfi of Bleffed Memory. 7'here is bat little diftanle between the Prifons and Graves of Princes. Sftltan Ibrahim being thus made away .Anno Dom. 1548. in the 8th. year of his Reign, and 39 of his Age, the Government was committed into the hands of the Grand Vifier, and the Queen Mother called by the Turks Riofem., and of 12 Bafla’s, who were to manage all affaires with fupream power during the Minority of Sultan Mahomet., whole Reign I fhall purfue in the following chapter. s r 2 CHAP, 272 The TurkjJJj HiJiorj. CHAP. XXII. The (^ign of Mehmet Mahomet the fmrth of that ISlame^ and Thirteenth Em- piror of the Turks, who no'ftf ^igneth. IBrahim depoIM and niurthered as in the forego- ing Chapter is related, or rather Mahomet his Eldeft Son of the Age of leven years fupplyed the empty Throne, during whole minority which was to continue ten years longer. His Grand Mother, the Grand Vilier and twelve Bafla’s took into their hands the Reins of Government , and after many debates refolved to continue the War with the Venetians which Ibrahim deligned to conclude the treaty of Peace in order thereto being far advanced and the Ambalfador of that Signiory, then at the' Port impatiently expedting an end of his negotia- tion, but whim thefe affairs were in hand the unru- ly Spahts not having received the Largefs ufually bellowed amongft them at the Inftallment of a new Emperour, making it their pretence the better to colour their dilcontents, that they were relblved- to revenge the death of the murdered Emperour whole fall the Janiz.artes had occafioned, infomuch that a great difference arole between thole two or- ders, the former being the bell Horfemen, and the latter the bell Footmen, and although many labour- ed to appeale that Terapell which threatned the difmembering the Empire. Yet many skirmilhes happened between thefe contrary Faftions in the llreets The Turkijl) Bijlory. 273 ftreets of Onfimtlmple, in which Ibme hundred? were flain, but the Spahies being for the moft part worltedat length abandoned the City. Thele animolities and diviiions amonglttheTur- kifh Souldiers , gave the ^ metims opportunity to provide for their defence, asexpefling nothing lefs then a War, for that their AmoaiTador had been clapped up in Prifonfor demanding Audience, and chains put upon him, but at the intreaty of the other Chriftian Ambafladors there refiding he was fet at Liberty. Yet to affront him the Grand Vi- liercauled hhDugerman or Interpreter to be execu- ted, and his body thrown out at the Caftle Window, which barbarous art is frequent amongft the Turks, either to put a difgrace upon the AmbafTador, or to terrifie thole Interpreters that they lhall not dare tolpeakany thing after an AmbafTador though up- on his Audience, that IhouJd be ungrateful to the Grand Signcour, which caufes them many times to mince their words and not render a true interpre- tation. Thele matters widening differences between the Fenetians and the Turks, great preparations were made on either fide, the former with all ■diligence reinforcing Candia^ and the latter to hinder it \ io that many skirmifhes happened by Land and Sea, till at length the Baffa Governour notwithllanding the Femtian Fleet blocked up the Dardaneles-i hav- ing received a recruit of 1500 men laid fiege to the ftrong City Candiny and battered it with many pieces of Ordinance, till at length having taken a fmall Fort that flanked it, he lodged his men therein juft as5 Galliesof arrived with 5oo Vol untiers, and 60 Knights of the Order, who beat out the Turks with great llaugh ter, yet they retook it again and planted the Ottoman colours upon the highelt Bull- S f 3 wark 274 Turkif!) Hijiory. wark which fo inraged the Chriftiaris that fallying with all their force they drove the Turks from the Walls with great flaughter, regained the piece, and caufed the BalTa with fhame and lofs to raile the fiege. The Wars growing hot in Candia^ the difcon- tents between the Spahi 2ind 7aniz.aries that was be- ^ fore fuppofed to be appeafed grew hot again, and ? much daughter happened between thofe inveterate | fadions, when to pacifie the latter the great Viiier j was depofed and executed. Yet that little availed nor was that all for feveral of the BalTa’s denyed to return the Tribute of their Provinces, alledging they would relerve it till the Grand Signeour was of age, and then be to him accountable both for principal and intereft, nor were the Wars in Dalmatiay Fofeolo-, and other places on the Frontires negleded, but continued with doubtful fuccels, and great daughter, yet part of the Ottoman Forces on that dde were diverted by the CoJJacks^ who at the indrigation of the Tartar Han covered the Black Sea, ' with their Boats and committed many outrages in- fomuch that Conjiantinople trembled at their ap- 1 proach as fearing a fack by the hands of thofe refo- i lute people, but in the end having gotten a rich I booty they returned to their ftation. The Fenettans finding the Turks refolute bent to I make themfelves abfolute Lords of Candia in which Idand they had got ftrong footing laboured as ear- neftly to expell them, fo that huge Fleets on either fide were prepared that of the Turks confifling of I loo ShiFs,Gallies,Galleafib, Saiques, Brigantines, ■ and lefler Vefids furnifhed with Bombes, Mortar- ■ pieces, and Firewprks, producing ftrange effe(fts,and i in that order fet forward from the Port of Conftan- tinople-, with a ftrid command to give Battle of which Aiocenigo the Fenetian Admiral having notice The TtokiJ^} Hijlcry. 275 with the fame willingnefs bore itp with them, fothat there began a bloody, and for a long time doubtful Fight, but the being better appointed than th^Turks^ broke and difbrdered their huge Armado, finking and taking feveral Galleys, and putting the reft to flight, killing in one of them flying, the Bafla of Arjatolia-t who was lent to fuccede ChufaMn BafTa, who had been made Grand Vilier in the Ge- neral Ship of Candia-t yet the Turks having pu.t in- to the lOands, and conceiving it a fhame for fo great a Fleet to fly from one much inferiour in num- ber, refolved to hazard another Battle, and therefore coming out of the leveral Harbours, and ranging in the form of aCrelcent, the Captain Ba'^a fired tw o Guns a Stern, in token he was ready to Ingage, which Mocenigo perceiving, bore up with !iim, and began a lecond fight more dreadful than the former, play- ing with his Canon fo furioufly,that he broke olf her Poop, and killed ico of her Men, linking tw^oGal- leysby her fide, and greatly difabijng feveral others ; nor were the Tnrki idle, but ufed their utmoft endea| vour to blot out the difgrace they had fulfained by their late flight, but it availed not •, for by the Thuio dering Ihot and Fire-works, the Vfwfo'^wplyedthem with, they were every where put to the worfl: ^ fo that flying in all parts, the General follow- ing the advantage, took spGalleys, 23 Ships,3Gal- liafles,and 3000 Soldiers, 40 Gallies, Ships, and other Vefiels were burnt, or funk •, and in them, and by the great and fmall Ihot, poeoT«ri^jperilhed in both In- gagements, the reft hardly cfcaping to Naxos. This great lofsmade theT^^G out of heart with marine Affairs, and fo far difeouraged them, thate- ver fincethey have laydalide building Vefiels of Force asufelefs, fay that God hath given the Sea to Chri- ftians, and the Land to Turks. S f4 About 27^ TheTurhifi nijiofy. About this time came news to Conflaminople that f the people of Grand Carlo and Damafcus taking the , i advantage of the inteftine broyles, had rebelled, and ' fhaken olf the Turkilh yoke j and affembling to the number of forty thoufand, had feized upon feveral | ^ ftrong places, many of the Ottoman Governours in I ■ thole parts, conniving at their proceedings, which 1* greatly perplexed the BalTas of the Dlvan-t and ob- i liged them to ufe their utmoft Council to contrive a ' way to cxtinguifh this Combullion , during which, the Candiots had reft, and Fortified their City in luch a manner, that it became afterwards the wonder of the World, of which the Grand Vizier having notice, and fuming that his negledt had turned fo much to the advantage of the Chriftians, he refolvedto try if he could gain it by f lir means, and in order thereto lent a Letter written in Letters of Gold to the tian Senate, requiring them to deliver Candia up to the behoof of the Grand Seignior, which was the only obftacle that hindered the conclulion of Peace, defiring that an Arabaffador might be lent to treat about it ^ but the Venetians remembring that the Turks never made any peace, but when necellity drove them to it,nor kept it longer than they found it advantagious , and withal called to mind how evilly they had irtreated their Ambaflador, gene- roully refilled to hearken to any Peace upon thole terras commanding their Admiral with his Fleet to block up the Dardanellis, which he fo ftridtly ob- ferved, that for want of fuccour the Turks in the Illand of Candia were greatly diftrelled, and began to mutiny, being hardly with great rewards re- tained indue obedience, upon which, the Divan lent ftridt orders with many Menaces uponrefulal to the Captain Balia then in the Bay of khodes to force his way through the Venetian Fleet, and put men and Pro- The TurkjJIi Hijlory. 277 Provillon on flioar at Candia^ thereby to ceafe the loud complaints of the Souldiers, yet could not be induced thereto, but having plundered certain Iflands he returned to Conjiantimfle with the Gallies, in hopes with his ill gotten booty to appeale the 'Divan^ but contrary wife he was feized on and the goods feald up with the Orand Siegniours Signet, which none may on pain of death unlooie without com- mand, yet fuch was the prefuraption of his Sons that they broke it open, and putting the rkheft of the fpoil, into a Galley, fled to diltant Lands, thereby expofing their fathers life to the fury of his enemies, who having difpatched him conftituted the BafTa of Captain General. in his Head, ufing ail dili- gence to rig out a new Navy, whkh once done, the new Captain defirous to perform fome exploit that might render him w^orthy of his place, taking his advantage, brojp through the Venetian Fleet, but therein fuftained fuch dammage that he had little caufeto boaft, for the Venetians following him even •to the harbour* mouth, plyedhim fo with thunder- ing (hot, that feventeen of his Gallies were funk and taken, and four thouland of his men killed, yet he put twelve thoufand men on ,lhoar, and what provifion he could fparc, receiving order to return when he had repaired his dammage, though at the hazard of battle, the which he did, though with more lofs then went, for that the Venetians having notice of what was intended, ftood continually on their guard, neverthelefs he fo extolled his own ex- ploits and demeaned the Courage of the Turkilh Bajfa-, then General of the Forces in Candia^ that he wrought the dellrudion of the latter, for none be- ing prefent to plead his Caufe, an Officer was.inftant- ly fent to fetch his head, whole place the foul de- trader afterwards injoyed, as likewife that of Great Vizier, 278 The TitrkiJI) HrJIory. Vifier-, which he foon after religned to the Bajfa of ^ieppo^ a ftirringadive man, who after he had pla- ced and difplaced fach Officers of the Court as he thought convenient, fent to all the Maritim Ports, Commanding thofe that were appointed to over-fee them, with Expedition to haflen thence fuch Ships and Gallies as were fit for Service, determining to. fet forth a Fleet greater then what had for many Years before been feen in the Levant., which was ac- cordingly done, but fared no better then thole that had been formerly Equiped •, For Mafiapha the New Captain Balfa joyning Battle with the Vepetietns was overthrown, and molt of his chief Gallies and Ships of War fo rent by the Cannon, that for the future they were rendered unferviceable, and many fell into the hands of the Venetians ^ the terror of whole Prov/efs was fuch, that thoie that could, aban- doned their Ship and fled to the fh#r, leaving their Ships to the Chriftians, in which conflidt the V'ene- tians lolt only one Velfel, which over-powered by a number of the Turks Gallies, was Iked by her own* men. Thele unfortunate Lolles much difeouraged the Turkilh Merchants, and Inhabitants of Confiantim- pie., whole Trade was not only obllrufted by realbn of the Seas being fhut up, but they were likewife opprelfed with heavy Taxes for the maintenance of the War, which made them fo defirous of Peace, that niutining in great Number, they ran to the Gates of the Pallace, Exclaiming againll the Mini- fters of State for protrafting the War, and hinder- ing the procurement of a Peace, nor would be ap- pealed till the Grand Vizier was made a Sacrifice to their Revenge , the hUphti hardly efcaping with Life. For The Tarkifi Hijlory. 279 For the better quieting thefe Tumults, theBaflas of the Divan were obliged to enter into a further treaty with the Denettansy offering for Ten Millions to withdraw their Forces out of the Ifland of Candta^ and grant them an intire peace, but this unreafona- ble demand was not accepted, the Senate knowing that the City of Candia was fo well Fortified that the Turks defpaired of winning it, and thereupon that they might feem the lefs to regard the Ottoman power, they revoaked their Ambafi'ador Seignior Capelloy but he through Melancholy and difcontent occalioned by his hard ufage at the Port, foon after dyed, leaving his Commiifion with his Secretary, but that Expiring, nothing more was done at that time, in relation to peace, which caufed another In- furredion in the City, which had like to haveturn* edall into mine and defolation, for the Spahis and joyning together, and pretending to re- form abufes of State, depofed the Grand Vizier, dif charged the Principal Officers of the Court, and obliged the Maphti to fly for his Life to Jerufalemy nor fcarcely did the Ojeen-Mother remain fecure in the old Seraglio, and to fo great a height their Rebellion proceeded, that they propofed the depo- fing the Grand Seignior, and having thus caft off all duty and refped to their Prince, they entered the Pallace in a tumultuous manner, where forcing the Guards, they broke up theTreafury, and conveyed thence Two Millions of Sultanies. Nor in this General combufHon which continued many days, did the Shops and Ware-houfes of the Merchants efcape pillaging, none daring oppofe the fury of the Licentious Souldiery, who had advanc- ed a bafe fellow'of their Fadlion to the Grand Vizi- er-fhip, though afterward the llorm alayed, he was de- 280 TheTurkif/j HiJiorj, decently layed afide, and one Kuperlee a Grave Turk placed in his ftead, whocaufed feveral of the Muti- niers to be Apprehended , and publiquely Execu- ted. Notwithftanding thefe troubles , the Turks de- fifted not to carry on the War againft the Venetian, fo refolutely were they bent to haveCiWw •, In their pofleffion therefore Equiping another Great Fleet, they put to Sea in order to relieve their men in the Idand, but being again fought with by Mocerrigo the Venetian Admiral, all the Fleet was either taken, liinkor ftranded, upon which the Venetians landed on the Ifland of Tenedos, and in four dayes became Mailers of it, asalfo they did of Stalimene antiently called Lemnos, which lofles lb incenfed the Grand Seignor (by this time grown to underllanding, that he refolved to carry the War into Dalmatia part of the Venetians Seignory, but upon fecond thoughts refolved the recovery of the Iflands, and in order thereto put another Fleet to Sea, who after a great damraage fuftained by the Venetian thrull their men on (hoar in great numbers, and by that means the evil Fortified Iflands fo lately taken by the Vene- tians, were by the Turks recovered, in attempting the relief of which, Mocenigo the Venetian Admiral had his Ship blown up by his powder, accidentally taking fire, bv which Accident himfelf, together with all that were on board perilhed. Thefe important places regained, the treaty of peace was offered to be renewed, and fome over- tures were made by the Venetians , but now the Turks would hearken to nothing unlels Candia might be intirely put into their hands, with the Fortrels of Cli^ia in Dalmatia, and payment made of three Millions of Gold, for the Dammages fuftained by the War, which unreafonable propofals, fo perjudi- cial The TurkiJ}} Hijloij. 281 dal to the honour of their Seignoury, the Senators Generoufly rejedled, rather relblving to maintain the War, and defend themfelves more vigoroufly then ever, which intention known, the Grand Seig- niour gave fecond orders for his Army to fpoil D al- ma tia^ but in their March the Grand Vizier who headed them, having caufed the Bafla of Jlepposbro- ther, Vho had a command in the Army to be put to death for coming later to the Randefvous than was appointed, w’hich fo inraged the Bafla, that railing 40000 men, he advanced even to the Walls of Con- fiamimple, burning up the Country before him, and there pitching his Tents, fent to demand the head of the great Vizier, in reprifal for that of his Mur- thered brothers, but not finding his expedations anfwered, he fent a fecond Mefienger to demand the heads of 4 other Baflas of the Council , whom he faid had been confenting thereto, and upon refufals threatened the deftrudion of the City , but the Plague raging thereat that time, after he had burnt up all the Country about it, he retired into ^Jia-i and there feting up a Youth of Twenty Years of Age, whom he gave out to be the Lawful Son of Saltan Morat, till that time hidden by his Mother from his Uncles fury ^ His Army was wonderfully increafed, infomuch that he would hearken to no Propolals of an accommodation, though the Government of di- vers Provinces were offered, but Exhibited a Procla- mation, wherein he declared Mahomet the unright- fiil Heir to Ottoman Empire, upon which he was pronounced a Rebel, and all men commanded to rife upagainft him, and deftroy him, but inftead there- of moll of the Afian Forces revolted to him, w'hich made the Divan fuppofeit high time to give a check to the Progrefs of his Armes, and thereupon Ihipped over the Great Vizier with a puifiant Army, compo- 282 The^TiirkiJI) Hijiory. iedof the Flower of the Chavalarie in rofe^ who joyning with the BalTa, was in a great and mortal battle overthrown; and with his broken For- ces obliged to retire, which made the Grand Seigni- our withfuch Forces as he could raife, pafs the Bof- phorusy and joyning with the Viziers rallied Souldiers Compoledan Army of Thirty ThoufandHorfe, and Seventy Thoufand Foot, wdth which he Marched againft the Balia, whole heart at the approach of fo great a power began to fail him, and make him more plyable to hearken to Terms of Agreement, which he propoling to his Council of War, and they ap- proving his Refolution, a place was Alfigned for Treaty, and Balia made the Grand Seigni- ours Plenipotentiary, the Grand Seigniour promi- ling to Rand to what ever he Ihould Adt, as indeed he did, for the Balia under pretence of a Treaty, being ur.advifed, drawn from his Army, was toge- ther with Seventeen of his Attendants ftrangled by the faid Mortaz^a^ and fuch as he had layed in am-s bufh for that purpole, upon notice of which his Ar- my that then confifted of Eighty Thoufand Horfe and Foot difperled, every Man Ihifting for him- felf. For this Exploit Mortaza was greatly applauded by the Grand Seigniour and Grand Vizier, and had a conlidcrable command conferred on him in the War, againlt RogotskithcTra^filva^ian Prince, whole Country about this time the Tartars had entered, at the inllancc of the Sultan with a great power, yet was not the Jfa Rebellion thus extinguilhed, for a Nephew of the dead Balias railing great Forces in the Territories of Jleppo^ advanced with a Refolu- tion to revenge his Uncles death, to whom joyned thetwofons of Bafla, whom the Great Vi- zier had cauicd to be put to death, as alfo the Bey of The Tark^JIj Hijlory. 283 '• Torgne-i and many others, which rendred this Ar- il my as formidable as the p,recedent, gave new lub- • jedoffear at Conjlamincp.e^ but the great V^ifier fo • managed the matter by lowing diflenlion am.ong the ■ j chiefs, and bedewing large iums of Money on the i Soldiers that the Aimy dayly diminilhed, till at ' I length it camie to nothing ^ leaving many of the Commanders to the mercy of the Viljer, who never fparedany m.an that was guilty of acrim.e, or fiifpe- ded to be fo. ylfia being again reduced to Obedience, the Grand Seignior had leifure to think of his Wars with the Venetians^ and therefore gave Itrid command for part of his Army to march into Dalmatia^ and the other part to be imbarqued for Candia ^ he relolving to be- liege the Metropolitan City of that Name \ nor were the Venetians flack for having received a rein- forcement of Four Thoufand French Foot, and di- i vers other Aids fent them by the Chrillian Princes, their Confederates \ They took the Forts of Calamo^ Calegro^ Eptcarnoj hardly diftrelTing the Baflaof Canea in the principal City of his Province •, info- much that he was obliged to write to Confiantinople for fpeedy fuccour, left that City fhould be loft ; for the Venetians dayly battered it, and prefled it hard with continual Aflaults \ but a fupply of Three Thoufand frelh menbeing by Night thruft into it,the Venetians railed the liege, and marched to New Can- dia-, (built near to OldCanaio) in hopes to beat the Turks out of it, but prevailed not according to their expedation. About this time, the Vilier w’ith a Great Aimy arrived at Belgrade, but there fallirg lick, he retui- ned to Adrincplt, to recover his Hcalrh; fweai irg, that if he fourd Death agprctch, 1 e would cauie all his PhyfriansTc beput to Ceaih which felf-pre- Icrvat ion 284 LfxTurkijJ} Hjjiory. fervation rendred them double-diligent. Thefe j were the principal revolutions in the Ottoman Empire I from the time Mahomet afcended the Throne, till the year io<5o. | Anno Bom. 1661. About the beginning of this year, HisMajeftyof Great Britain lent the Earl of Winchelfea, his EmbaHador, to C onjlaminople who upon his arrival at the Port, was received, as be- came his Charadlcr, with all the Grandeur that the Turks allow to any Embaflador •, and after his Audi" ence, conveyed with due Ceremony to the prepared for his reception *, and now the Turks being at lei- fure, invaded Tranfylvania., in otder to depofe Prince Rogotski-t who after having depofed himfelf and made his fubmiflion, in hopes to be reltored, but finding his hopes fruftrated , and another advanced in his Head : Again he aflumed his Government, and rai- ling a powerful Army, made divers Inroads into the I Dominions, till atlaft joyning Battle with : the Baflas of Buda and Temefwar near Julia Alba \ where being overthrown and wounded, he fled to ji J^aradiay and there within Fifteen days, dyed of the a Hurts received in Battle, yet was it no ways fatisfa- | dtory to the proud Baflas, unlefs they might reduce that City, which as they alledged, had taken part I' with their Mailers Rebels ; whereupon drawing \t down their Army, they layed clofe fiege, which fo l terrified the Citizens, that they fent their Deputies . to the Cafarean Emperor, to require aid, deliring |j him to take them into his proteftion \ but whilll the [ Jmperialijis delayed, and made many fcruples of break- 1 ing the League with the Turks alter many furious A^aults, and gi'cat Slaughter on either fide the City was lurrendcrcd. In confiderationthattheGarrilbn Ihould march out with Drums beating, Colour fly- ing, cf-c. and to go whither they pleaied, which con- ‘ dicions i The Turk^ijf) Hijiory. ' 285 ditions being performed, the Tarhs took pofleflion of that ftrong Frontire City. "Varadin thus taken, the Citizens of Vienna were not a little alarmed thereat, though none ufed any endea- vours either to relieve it when belieged,or to recover it when taken^nor in the leaft to annoy the Turks^ un- lefs Count John Serini^ a Prince, who had a fair Sove- raign Inheritance in thole parts, & was under the Em- perour made Governour, of Croatia^ who railing a po- wer laid liege to the ftrong City of Canifia, which at that time was almoft deftroyed by an accidental Fire ; but upon notice thereof, the Emperour not only de- nyed to aflift him in his enterprize, but fent an ex- prefs Command to him to raife his liege*, ac which in a rage he call his Scimiter on the Ground, and for a while ftood mute, yet not thinking it convenient to difobey his Soveraigns Commands , though he might eafily have taken the City , he raifed his fiege. The Tranfylvanian blocked up as it were on every fide by the Tnrks^ about this time implored a fecond time the Emperors Affiftance, relblving to lhake off the Tttrkifh yoak ^ and in order thereunto, they ba- nilhed ^catita Barklay^ who lince the Death of Ra- gotski had governed in chief, greatly favouring the Jurkf, and in his ftead conftituted one Kemenwj fome- times General of Ragotski’s Army j which plainly manifefting their hatred to the Turks the Ger- man or Cafarean Emperor refolved to alTift them ; they confenting to admit Garrilons of CermanSovX- diers into divers of their Cities, uling them with all refpeft, and plentifully providing them with all con- venient neceffaries. Yet the Germans made linall Ihew of taking thh Field to aflift pr proted the Transylvanians-^ T t ‘ ‘ The 296 TurkiJJ) Hijlcry. the contrary wrote to the Baffa of Bitda^ to certifie him that the peace fhould be kept inviolable j yet the Turk not contented, entered Hungary y and layed wafte a great part of it that was fubjeft to the Em- peror *, whereupon Count Smm built a Fortrefsin the Turks Dominions, near Canijia-, e’re the Turks were aware, at which the Grand Vifier was fo inra- ged, that he fent an exprefs to ftrangle the Balfa of Btida-y for permitting it ^ fo that the League be- ing apparently broken, or infringed on either fide the German Army, under the Command of Count Monteciiculiy and joyned with the Tranfylvanians derthe Leading of 'Kemenmy their General j which Conjundion rendered them fo formidable to the Ottoman Empire, that Bafia durft not oppofe their progrefs, till he had divided the Tranfylvanians a- mongft themfelves, by advancing one Apafi to the principality, who being well beloved, caufed by fun- dry means the Army of Kemenw for the moftpartto revolt^ of which the crafty Balfa taking the advan- tage, let upon him, and in a bloody Battle over- threw his people with great flaughter, obliging him for his fafety to fly into Hungary^ from whence re- tarning after he had recruited his broken Army, once more to ‘try the fortune of a Field j he was inafe- cond Battle put to the rout \ and as he retired bea- ten from off his Horfe by one of his own Souldiers \ where none relieving him, he was trodden to Death under the Horfes Feet, and left the greateft part of his people a facrifice to the inraged Turks. Kememm thus dead. Apafi's Party was greatly in- couraged, infomuch that joyning with a Body of they befieged Claudiopolisy of which David Rc- taniyZ right Valiant Souldier was Governour, having under his Command a Garrifon G ermanHor^Q and Foot ; yet the Turks and Tranfylvanims battered it The InrkiJJj HiJiorj. 287 for a while, but upon the arrival of General Scheni-^ dm-, who in fpight of them put a reinforcement into the Town, and made great daughter of their out- guards. About this time the Plague raged in Conftmtwople, in the Camp at fuch a rate, that Fifty Thoufand perfons of all Ages and Sexes dyed, which leaving ' the City almoft defolate, the Grand Signior retired I to u4drinople-, and there made his folemn entrance j i which place fo delighted him, that he had lince for I the moll part refided there, where Rnpelee the Old I Vifier fo dealt with him, that he procured a pro- I mile that his Son Ahmet whom he had made Chinca- cajn of Conftantinople, Ihould be affilling to him in his Vifier-lhip, and after his Death fucceed him in that place of trult, the which though contrary to the Ottoman CuRom, who hold it dangerous to, that any Office Ihould go by Inheritance *, accordingly came to pafs, to the great grief of the Court BalTas, who are ever emulous of that place, &c. For old Knperle (after he had been five years Vifier,. and in that time had cauled Thirty Thoufand Perfons to fall by the hands of divers Executioners, being the bloodi- ell that ever officiated that place) dying, his Son Ahmet had the Grand Signiors Patent, and the Seal of the Empire delivered to him, taking upon him tlic Office of Great Vifier at the Age of Thirty two years, a thing not ufual, and not to be behindhand with his Father, eflabiifhed himfelf upon the de- ftruftion of fuch as he fufpefted to envy at his ad- vancement ; amongft whom, the Bafla of Magnefta fell a Sacrifice ; he likewife procured the Banifh- ment of Solyman-, Bafia of Damafcm, and that of the Muphtif and indeed caufed to be made away, or difplaced all that he fufpefted averle to his in- tereft, Du" T t 2 2 88 TheTurk/Jh Hijiory. During the tranfadion of thefe raifcalled flate- policies: the ^ snetiam had rendered themfelves for- midaBle at Sea, by taking and deftroying many of the Turks Galleys, few efcaping them in the Archi' ^eUgo^ which greatly difcouraged the Turks in Ca- n£^i, and put them out of all hopes of procuring an entire poiTeflion of the Ifland of Candia. Anno Dom. 1 662. About the beginning of this year, the Government of Argiers fent Deputies with prdents to the Ottoman Court, to exhibit a com- plaint againft the Englijl) ^ for that the Earl of Sandmeh-i with a Squadron of his Majellies Frigates, had deftroyed feveral of their Ships , and beaten down, or difmantled their Caftles \ but the cayfe being rightly Hated by the Earl of Wtnchelfea^ they werefo far from prejudicing the Englilh by their complaint, that they were fain to fneak away for the prelervation of their own heads. The Plague being now abated at Confiaminopk^ the Grand Signi- or returned thither, and gave himfelf wholly to hunting, which above all other exercifes be admi- red, having in the Chafe of Wild Beaftsmany times Twenty Thoufand Men attending him, who fore- layed the Woods and For refts to procure his Game i but whilft he thus gave himfelf up to Recreation, the Vi her was as ftudious to remove all thofe that migl;t Eciipfe his Greatnefs, or any ways indanger him ^ fo that in defpight to the Queen-Mother, whom he knew was no favourer of his proceedings, he difplacedthe Teftarder, or Chief Treafurer, and banilhed him the City ; which fo far incenfed her, that (he joyning with Euz.Hr Aga^ chief Eunuch of the Women, procured the removal of his Chief Fa- vourite or Counfellor •, by whole advice he was on- ly fupported in the management of his Affairs, and greatly inveighed againft the Vilier, exhibiting ma- ny The Tjnhjfi ^ijicry. 289 ny complaints againft him to the Grand Signior, and prefled them to that point, that the Grand Signior began tc have him in fufpicion, and to make him more narrowly, which he perceiving, and knowing from what Fountain it fprung, endeavou- red to reconcile himfeif to the Qiieen-Mother, but in vain i for her Spirit would not permit her to make any Accommodation *, wherefore he fearing one day to fall by her means, wasabout toreiign his Vifierlhip j but upon fecond thoughts, concluded it fafer to face the Tempelt, come what would come, and fall with Honour, rather than tamely expofe himfeif to the mercy of his Enemies ; wherefore he began anew to prafticethe Death of fuchasftood in oppofition to his greatnefs ; and efpecially of Mortaz.a-, Eafla of hubylorty whom he obliged to re- linquifli his truft, but could not get him within his power : for having married one of the Daughters of the Prince of Gordenn^ he retired to his Coun- trey in the Mountain of Amanm^ where he had a ftrong City afllgned him, and there kept out of the Vifiers reach, refuling all the feigned proffers of kindnefs which were made to decoy him into dan- ger •, but fuch was the reltlefs indeavour of the Grand Vilier, that he defifted not, till he was put into his hands, who immediately caufed his Head to be ftricken off, and lent to Confiamimplcj which was looked upon by many as a jalt Judgment of God, for his treacheroufly murthering the Bafla of contrary to the Faith given for his fecurity. Thefe things happening, the Turks after breath taken, purpofed to turn their Arms upon the Cer^ mans^ but after many Confultations the matter rvas deferred to a fitter opportunity, by reafon the Af- fairs of Tra»fylvama were not to the mind of the Grand Signior, though the progrefs of his Arms T t 5 ha 290 The Turkifi Hijiory. had put all that Principality into a fear of utter fubverlion, having leized moll of the ftrong places *, nor durft h^afi: Prince only in name, intc-rpofe his Authority, or fo much as intercede for the prefer- vation of his bleeding Countrey ^ yet the German Commanders feeing all on the point of mine, rfefol- ved to lay hold of the opportunity, and fecure fuch places as were moft commodious to the Empire, when pulhed forward by the renowned Captain, Count Serini-, they feized on Clandio^ohs^ Somofwarj Sechilhid^ Clexvar^ alias Colefwar , and ^etlem^ with fome other Towns and Fortrelles of lefler note. The outrages committed by the Turks in this Pro- vince were fo great, that the opprefled Nobility were obliged to fend their humble Petitions to di- vers Chriftian Princes, to take pity of their fuffer- ings, and deliver them out of the hands of their barbarous Enemies, and to the minifter of theChri- ftian Princes, refiding at the Port to intercede with the like fupplication, to intercede for them to the Grand Signior, or Grand Vifier, but all proved in- effedual, for the Turks had refolved a total fubje- dion of that Principality, and to reduce it under the obedience of a BalTa. Affairs ftanding thus in Tranfyhania, the War with the Venetians went on flowly \ for the Venetians being Mailers at Sea, intercepted all fuch VeiTels and Ammunition as werefent to any of the Iflands j and amongit the reft, the Fleet bound for Alexandria in Egypt^ coniifting of Sixty Sail, moft of which were taken, funk, and burnt ^ a number of Slaves re- fcued, and prize made of a rich booty : Soon after which, Signior CafeUo^ through grief and hardihip induced in his Imprifonment , dyed; whofe Body imbalmed was with much difficulty fent to V mice-, by the Earl of Winchelfea, His Majeftie of Great Brit- tains The TurJijJJ) Eijlory. 2 9 1 tains Einbaflador, and there honourably Interred with his Anceftors. The Great Vilier being intormedthat theChrilli- ans had rebuilt feveral Churches, confumed by the Fires that had happened in Confianttmple^ and Gala- tia , by fome malitious Pharifees, caufed them to be demolilhed, and that the Authors of thofe Buildings fliould be Imprifoned y for as much as the Mahome- tan Law tolerates the rebuilding of no Chriitian Churches, nor Erefting new ones where none flood before i but allows thofe to Hand, that were found Handing, when the Mahometans took poirdfion of the City, Town, or Village wherein they are fei- tuate i and fo far proceeded he therein, that pro- curing the Labourers of the Maimarbafhed, or Ma- fter-Builder, toaccufe him of incouraging the build- ing of thofe Churches ; which done, he caufed his Head to be llricken off, and his Wealth to befeized, which according to report, amounted to Two Th u- land Purfes of Money, every Purfe containing Five Hundred Dollars. About this time. The Sieur Bela Haye-^ thQ French Embaflador having received divers affronts at the Port, was imprifoned, which had likeutterly to have diffolved the Communication between the two Na- tions j but at the intreaty of the Merchants of AFar- feles and Lions^ whofe intereft would greatly have fullered, if by that means their Trading into the Grand Signiors Dominions had been obflruded, the French King was prevailed with to fend another Etpbaffador with Letters to the Grand Signior, and Grand Vifier, to require in fome manner a repara- tion of the diihonour he fuflained in the perfon of his Embaffador, greatly dilfembling his refentraents, but in the end was obliged to reft fatisfied with a Complement or two, inftead of other -reparation, T t 4 * and 292 The TurkiJIj H{ftory. and himfelf to make his own Ambaflador amends the better to blind the Eyes of the Chriftian Mi- nifters refiding at the Port, and falve up the wounds his honour received by the difgrace. The Emperor of Germxny refolving on a War with the lurks after great preparation was ob- ftruded, and obliged to come to a dilhonourable i treaty by reafon of an accident that happened at | ' Rume occafioning a wide breach between the Pope ij and the French King to the indangering of Chrijien- dom-, which was thus, the French AmbalTadors Coach pairing the ftreets of Rome, w as aflaulted by , the Coffi Natives of the Ifland of Corftca., which are re- tained as the Popes guard, the page killed in the boot, and the Amballadors Lady wounded, but up- on what inftigation remains doubtful, yet the King took itfo heinoufly that he refolved to War upon the Popes Territories in Italy, which dilcord did not a little rejoyce the Turks, who imputed it the me- rit of their Prayers as indeed they do all other di- vifions amongft the Chriftians. The Treaty of Peace by reafon of the divilions aforefaid having continued between the two Em- pires, without coming to any reliilt, about the be- ginning of the year 1663. great forces werelevyedon either fide, and all hopes of peace vanilhed, info- much thattheTurks fquaring out the platform of the. War on their part, refolved to recover the places they fometimes held in Hungary, but more efpeci- ally Rab and Komora, and thereupon with a great Army palTed the Danube over a Bridg of Boats, up- ^ on whom the Governour of Neveheufel lallied with eight thouland men, though contrary to the advice of his Council, with which in the night he entered their Camp and made a great flaughter, but the grofsof the Army having pallM the River, andta- The TurhjJJ) Hijlory^ 299 ken the alarum, Creflent-wife doling the horns at the back of the Chriftians made of them a miferable flaughter, who notwithflanding fold their lives at a dear rate, falling upon heaps of the Enemy till at lalt tired with llaughter, thofe that remained alive yielded themfelves Prifoners, and were notwith- ffanding contrary to the Law of Arms by the Vifi- ers command barbaroufly murthered. In this difa- fter the Governour hardly efcaped, and in his re- turn was but coldly received, for that he by his ralhnefs had expofed the lives of fo many brave Soldiers , to the cruel Swords of their barbarous Enemies, but this cruelty was foon after revenged upon the Turks in like manner by Count Serini. This fatal lofs founded harlh in the Emperours ears, and obliged Forcatz. Governour of Newheufel to lend to MonticncuU Governour of to advife him of his evil fuccefs, and that if a re-inforcement was not fpeedily fent the place mult of necellity fall into the hands of the Enemy, whereupon one thouland feled Souldiers were drawn out of Rab and fent thither, biit fcarcely were they entered be- fore the Turk let down before it, and fummoiied the Governour to furrender, but upon his refufing on the 14th. of Jugujl they prepared for a General ftorm. In order to which about break of day Faggots and Rubbilh were brought to fill up the ditch, and fcaling Ladders toafeend the Walls, but although they were many in number, and the alfault made with all imaginable vigor, yet they were re- ceived by the defendants with that courage and gallantry, that the Trenches were filled w ith their Carkaffes, and at length obliged to retreat orith the lofs of fix thoufand of their men. The liege ftiil continuing the Turks a*'gryand inflamed with the difgrace of their late foil, endea- voured 294 Turkjp Hijiory. voured to redeem their honour by a fecond attempt, filling up the Ditches as before, and furioufly at- tacked the outworks, but was fo miferably rent with the Flankers that they were forced to fall off with more lofs and confufion then before, which fo incenfed the Vifier, that drawing off a part of his Army to which he joyned fome Companies of T d received both -or his own affronts, and the affronts put upon his PredecefTors. Whilfl thefe things paffed, the Marquefs d' Villa pafTed into DaLmatm to taice a view of the Forts and ftrong places on that lide, as fearing whilll: the Turks gave out for \Jandia^ tney might fuddenly turn their Force.-> upon that Frontier Territory of the Veneti- ans^ bjL having given fuch neceffary orders as he thougiit requifite, and being certified irom Count Life the Emperors Ambaffador at Conftannnople^ that the Grand Viner early in the Spring would with a puiffant Army land on the Ifland he fet over, with fuch Forces as he had, to joyn thofe already there. About the beginning of the Year 1666. great troubles had like to have rifen in the Ottoman Em- pire, occalioned by one Sabatai Scni a Jew, born at Smyrna^ who impioully pretending himfelf to be the Mejfia drew after a multitude of that unhappy Na- tion, declaring that he came to reflore them to their temporal Kingdon and to gather the fcatered tribes filling their heads with prophelies, dreams and falfe delulions, that tney every- where credited him, and laying alideall bjiinefs, prepared for theii march to Jerufalem^ once more to poffefs the Land of Promiie, and raile a Glorious Monarchy above what ever their Anceftors could pretend too, and that purpole made themfelves Garments according to the Leviti- cal Ordinance, feveral of them affirming that they had feen £/zW, and that he had exprelly commanded it, writing to each other many Biaiphemous Letters in commendation of their Impoftor, whom they llile King of Kings, and Lord ot all Lords, attributing to him many other vain Titles, nor was it long e’r he became Hydra headed, for other defpicable Jews finding the cheat take fo efiedually took up the de- ll u 2 ceiving • 504 The Thrkjjh FJiJlory. the deceiving Trade which caufed the Turkifh Mini^ fters to nip them, e’re they grew too popular, by confining the Ring-Leaders to divers Prifons-, and amongR other things, the jews being alhamed that fo many Miflias fhould at once appear, procured the Iriiprifonment of fome of them, themfeives, by ac- : ailing them of Adultery, and other heinous Crimes, as [or Sabati-t he finding his fraud tqo apparent, re- nounced the judaifin, and turned Mahometan, and drew many of his Nation to follow his Example, be- ing for that pnrpofefet at Liberty, and allowed a penfion for his Maintenance in the Turks Seraglio. About this time the Embafiadors of either Em- pire exchanged, that is, the Turks Eriibaflador re- turned from rienna tO Confi(intinoj)le and the Ger~ r,ian Embafiador from Confiantinofle-^ to Vienna \ du- ring which, the skirmifhes between the Venetians and the grew hot, Hollilities being on both lides maintained wdth great fury, both by Land and Sea, though with various fuccels ^ fometimes one fide prevailing, and fometimes another; till at laft it was refolved by the Marquefs D’ Vtlla^ and the Ad- miral of the Gallies, that by reafon of the great In- undations occalioned by the inceflant rains, that the olfenfive War fhould be laid alide, and the Forces for better fecurity, incainp near the Walls of Can- dia^ as being the Metropolis of the Ifland, whilft the Gallies divided into two Squadrons fcowred the Seas, and hindred any new fuccours from Landing ; but e’re they were incamped. Two Thouiand Turks Tallying. from their Trenches, fet upon the out- Guards, beating them from their Poll:, and purfu- ing even to the enterance of the Camp, but being reinforced, the Turk were obliged indilbrder to re- tire;, yet the Turks not contented, made another attempt, but with no better fuccefs than the for- mer I The TnkiJJ) Hijiory. 3^5 mer j though the Lofs was conhderable on either i| iide i yet the Turks Camp was greatly annoyed by ■ the (hot, from which played furioufly upon their T renches \ but the Marqiiefs D' FiHa having notice of It the approach of greater Forces, thought it wifdom ^ to remove his Camp to a place of more advantagCj till new aids came to hi^ aflliT-ance *, the which after filling up the Trenches, and blowing up the Forts that they might not profit, the Enemy was pei> formed. I During this€\ftion, the Great Vifier, with a nu- merous Army Imbarqued on the Gallies at Conflan- iinope-, and after touching at Thebes^ arrived at Can- diay though by the way. Twelve of his Galleys fell into the hands of the Vei'Htia/is^ moftly laden with Provifion and Ammunition, taken near the Gulf of yolo by the Cavalier, Grtmani-, Captain of the Gal- lies \ the Vilier upon his arrival went to take a view of the City of Candiay that Bulwark then of Chriftendom, and finding the taking of it would require much time and labour, he returned to C^viea^ to confuit themeafures ufed in carrying on the liege ^ , when in the mean time the Princes of Chrifhendom being at dilcord amongft themfelves, were not fo ready in fending the promifed fuccours as was ex- pected, only the Pope and Great Duke of Thfcany kept their promife, and fome few private men out of their proper Treafury, feet a fupply of Money and Provilion, infomuch, that the janClure did no ways promife fuccefs to the Fenetians. Anno 1667, The in the depth of Winter entering Poland-, layed a great part of it defolate, carrying away One Hundred Thoufand Chriflians into miferable Bondage, which made the Polonian King exhibit a grievous complaint to the Grand Sig- nior j but with alldefirous to renew the League be- U u 3 tv/eeu So6 The Turkip Hijtory. tween them : In order to which, he fent his EmbalTa- dorwith many rich Prefents to the Port, but he be- ing to peremptorie in his demands upon his Audi- dience, and receiving no amwer agreeable to his expedhation , uttered fuch Speeches as caufed the Grand Signior to confine him to his ownHoufe, and a Guard to be let upon him, which fo increafed his fury, that growing high, it cafttd him into a Fe- vour, of which he dyed when as his Secretary took upon him the charadler of an Embaflador, expefting a reply to what had been propofed, and within a while after, had an Audience of the Chimatam-, but in the e'^d could obtain no other anfwer, then that no compenfation or pretence fhould ever after be demanded for the damage fuftained by the Tartars in Poland^ nor that the Folanders fhould make War upon the Coffacks now revolted from the Obedience of that Crown ^ but that they fhould immediately make War upon the A/n/howe, and permit the Tnr- ktjh Merchants to Trade in their Countrey with this anfwer the Secretary was obliged to depart, though it proved nothing grateful to the Poles^ who did not vouchfafe to return thanks for this unefteem- ed favour, yet by reafon of the differences amongff themfelves, warred not on Tartary, though fome of the bordering people with any Authentick Commif- lion, joyning with a conliderable party of Mnfeovi- vianSf entered and running with Fire and Sword even to the Walls of C)jfa their chief City, burnt Three Hundred Villages, and brought away a great booty ofPrifoners, Cattle, and the like. About this time the Baffa of Bafora revolted from the Grand Signior, and with difplayed Infigns, marched with an Army of Forty Thoufand Horfe, and to the great terror of thole Countreys, which he pretended were of right, his Legal Inheritance ee of ic L fo til h th 01 ( 1 t 1 he Tvi'kijl) HiJiarj. 507 deicended to him by his Anceftors ; but the Bafla^ o^Erz.irnm, Aleppo^ and going againft him’ routed his Forces, and for the prefervation of his Life, obliged him to fly to the King of Perfta. The Fcnettm Galleys coafting the Ifland of Cmdia^ to hinder what in them lay the Landing of Forces on that Ifland, encountered with Twenty Ships of the Turks-t laden wirh Men and Provilion •, moll of which they burnt, funk, or took, and a while after had one of theTurkifli Galleys brought to them by the Slaves, who had by flratagem taken it from their Mailers, but thefe procedingss feemed fraall to what afterwards happened \ for by this time the Vilier having layed his liege to one of the ftrongefl City in the World, lortihcd by the moll indullrious of men, as far as Humane poflibility could render iti impregnable, difmal things infued. The Town was fortified with feven great Baltions, viz,, the Sahionera., V' Je/ns., Alartinengo,^ Betlem., Panigra., and St. ^.ndrea.) all incompallM with a large and deep Ditch, of which were the Revelin of Spiritto., the Revelin of Panigra flanked to the right, with the Half-Moon of APecenigo., next thereunto, was the Revelin of Betlem bordering on the work of St. AParies., which to the left had the Revelin of St Ntcholoij andthis joyned to the Fortification of de Palma.) next w hereunto was the Revelin of PrmHj with the redoubt of Crepa Cmre) and over all was the Royal Fort of St. DemetriO) which Commanded the work of APolinO) and Sabionera, even to the very Sea. Before this formidable place, the Vilier pitched his Tents, raifed his Battery, and provided all things neceflary to approach the work, running his Tren- ches with great celerity to the border of the out- works, but there met with fuch blalls of ty£tnean U u 4 Fifes Tke Turhjjh Hijiory. Fires from the Mines and Farnellos, that they hin- dred the Turks Travcrfes , and greatly difmcoura- ged them, confidering that if the Ground wasunfe- cnre at that diftance , what Abyfles and Chafmas mult there be prepared to make them Graves under the Walls or enterance of the City, when not to let them breathe, the Chriftians fallyed twice on them, making great daughter of fuch as were far advan- ced in the works \ when retiring in confufion, the Collonel of St. Demetrio fell upon them , cutting Two Thoufand of them in pieces, e’re they could recover their main ftrength ^ about which time , Captain General Morofiai arrived in the Haven with his Galleys, and put One Thoufand frefh men into the City, which fo exafperatedthe Turks, that they refolutely advanced to hinder it, but being within danger by the fpringing of Mines, fome hundreds of them were fent to cut capers in the Air \ yet the Turks forced by their Commanders like Moles, con- tinued there working under ground, where many of them dug their own Graves, never more appearing above ground i for being countermined, they were overwhelmed with the blafts of Powder and dread- ful Wild-Fires prepared by Caftellan (the moft expert Enginere in the World) for that purpofe, yet the Turks with their ftink pots , which fla- ming, they threw into the works, fo infeded the Air with noifom vapours, that long it was e’re it could he purged with the burning of Jumper-woodj and j^cjuavitA. During thele dayly rancounters, arrived theAuxi- larie Galleys from the Pope, and Maltefians com- manded by Prior Bichiy and Bali Del Be»e, as like- wife the Galleys of Naples and Sicily-, Commanded by Gianettino Doria-, and the Duke of Fermdina-, but fuch was the Cowardife of thefe Commander? which , ^ they th 0! U I 2: 0 h fe G l t 'The Turkifi Hijlory. 509 they imputed to, the ftraitnefs of their Commifli- on, that they durft not come on Ihoar, nor at the inftanceof the Marquefs D' FtlU.^ fend him fo much as a man, except fuch renowned French Voluntiers as would enter the City, not being under their Command, amongft whom was the Cavalier D’ Harcourt^ of the Houfe of Lorrain-, who did lingular fervice by his Valour and Conduit •, nor did thele Galleys ought at Sea, but after fome time, coafting the Ifland, inglorioufly returned home to theirs, and their Mailers Infamy. Thefe things happening, the Signior Ciavarimt furrendred his charge of Captain of the Galleys to Signeor PafqueUno-, and by the order of the Senate, went again to Conftantinople-i and from thence palled o- ver to treat with the Great Vifier about a truce, but nothing would be conlented to, unlefs Cmdia was delivered, whereupon he generoully fcorned to treat further, though the Vilier delired it, and appointed a place for that purpofe, which lb inraged him, that he commanded the Mines about Pamgraio be fprung, and a furious AlTault to be given, but it proved un- fuccefsful by the great (laughter of the Turks, whole bodys filled up the ruinesof the Mine. At the end of July arrived Six Hundred Foot, un- der the Leading of Ottanio u4lba^ a Noble Venetian bringing with him likewile Tv/enty Thoufand Ducats, who entring the City, was joyfully recei- ved, during which fpaces, the Fights between the Miners under Ground, were as bloody as thole in the openField, fo that the Men feemed to make war in the Grave ^ nor were the Turks flow' in placing their Mines to advantage, efpecially one, which ta- king Fire, blew up part of the Half-Moon, leaving thereby a palTage Twelve Foot wide, at v/hich the Turks prelfing to enter, were milerably overwhel- med 510 I he TurkjJJ] Hijlorj. med by the ftorms of (hot that flew like Hail from the Flankers, whereupon the better to make their t approaches, the Turks filled facks of Earth, and planted them near the Walls, vi/hich the Chrillians with long Iron hooks drew away, and left them open to the fury of Mufquitiers, who were the more p incouraged by another fupply of Five Hundred Fene- n rians ^ under the Command of Signeour of U B.iv a ^ [ when on the Fifteenth of September.) the Chriltians fallyed, and after a hot skirmilh, trained the Turk into the danger of a Mine, which being fprung, fent Three Hundred of them into the Air, yet they con- tinued the Fight very bloody and doubtful, till at length the Chrilfians retired under the Baftion of Betietfi) and tne Turks with the Ihot from thence were beaten oT On the Eighteenth they made another falley, and trained the Turks into the danger of another Mine, though not without fome lois of their own ^ their Captain being wounded, and Ten oi Twelve of them flain, yet they again fallyed, and fprung feveral Mines to the deftroying of Six Thouland Turks, whilft the Enginere framed an Engine to rid the Ditch of the Earth that the Mines had thrown into it, but the Turks undermining where it ftood, blew it into the Air, yet the Labourers I with Baskets and Sacks fupplyed its places and on the Twentieth of OUober, a Mine of Forty Barrels of Pov/der was fired by the Chriltians todeltroythe Enemies redoubts, but on the contrary, it burll through an old Gallery wdth fuch force, as made the City tremble, as if an Earthquake had happened, and with the confuted fmoak Itifled about Sixty Men. About this time, the Grand Signior lent an Ex- | prefs to the Vifier, to fend him an exacl; account how the ilege v/as carryed on, and what hopes there was | of The Tnrhifi HiJtorj. 3 1 1 of winning the piece, fending him a Sword, and a veil of Sables as a token of his favour ^ to merit which, and that the Grand Signiors Inquiiitor might be a Spectator of the difficulty in winning the place, he commanded a General allault the next day (hould be mande upon Fanigra-, which w'as carryed on with fuch defperatenefs , that the Turks entered the Ditches, but were foon dillodged by the Springing Mines, which made them fpraul by Hundreds in the Air, and overthrew many of the Enemies redoubts, yet the Vilier not fatisfied with threats and promi- fes, obliged them to renew the Allault, which they did with fuch eagernefs, in hopes of great rewards, that notwithftanding the undaunted courage of the Defendants, Pamgra had been taken, had not the General given order for the blowing it up, which was done with fuch a Thunder-crack from the breath of Seventy Barrels of Powder under a huge pile of ftones, that the Turks Camp trembled, and in it perilhed Three Thoufand Turks, amonglt whom were Three Baffias, and many oeher of note. This for the prefent aftoniffied the Turks, and gave a flop to the further proceedings of this Alfault. This proof gave evident Convidion to the Grand Signi- ors Inquiiitor of theftrength of the place, and dif- ficulty of the work ^ and having been an Eye-Wit- nefsof what had palTed, returned with difmal fto- riesof a cruel War, reporting (perhaps) audit was related in molt parts of Chriifendom, that this was the place where blood wasfpiltday and night, where Gallant Men had forgot to lleep, living in perpe- tual labours, innur’d to intolei'able fulferings, and hourly dangers, there being none fecure in Church, Houfe, or Street j for Granadoes fpouted fire, Can- nons thundred out their Iron Globes, Arrows and Stones fell like Hail, fo that there were none in that place. 312 The TufhjJI} Hijlory. - place but who quartered on the brink of the ii\ Grave. : ^ Winter coming on Hoftilities ceafed not though ^ their heat was fomewhat abated, and to the vvon- ( der of all men the Vifier could not be perfwaded to | i forfake his Trenches, but proving when neceflary he could to fecure his Souldiers from the raging o cold and prodigeous Rains he immediately difpatch- fi ed Letters to the Grand Signeour and JDivano, to t fend him new fupplies for that his Army was fo t wafted that of one hundred and fifty thoufand with which he at firft incamped not a third part of them ' remained adding that he was refolved to take the City or dye under its Walls, which rcfolution was highly approved by the Grand Signeour, and a Ipeedy difpatch of Men, Provifion, and Ammuniti- on was made when to the Vilier fuppofmg to ren- der the Officers of the City more negligent of their trufts lent to propofe certain Articles of Peace and a flag of Truce, but his defign being perceived he drew in his homes, about which time arrived the new Proveditor Bernardo Navi (the other having been killed with a Mufquet fhot on the Fort of Pa- nigara) bringing with him five hundred Souldiers, and Matteo Matthem Serjeant General with recruits from the Pope, as likewife three hundred Meddals, to bellow upon fuch Worthies as fhould beftde- ferve them. Anno Dorn. 1668. in the month of Marche fharp ingagement happened between fixteen F metian-, and twelve Turkifh Gallies, the latter not expeding fuch a number in thofe, tho indeed they had been lent to furprize yet entering into a fharp difpute fix of the Turks Gallies were funk or taken, and the reft much fhattered eftaped under the fhelter of the night The TurkiJ!} Hijlory. 315 riight, having loft moft of their Souldiers and Com- manders, and icon after the Captain General of the yenettat7s.y lighting accidentally of fix other Tui kilh Gallies took and funk them all fave one that run her felf on fhoar. Spring being now come the Tm'ks began to creep out of their Trenches, having raifed a Fort on the fide of the Lazaretto^ which ib offended the Port that there was no harbour or accefs for Veflels, and the like they had ereded on the other fide near un- to the Fort of St. Andrea^ which greatly offended Tramata another harbour on the left hand, and in the night pafling undifcovered of the Centinels they fixed a ftrong Cable to tlie Pallifado of St. Andrea^ and ftrained it fo hard with an Engine ereded for that purpofe, that they tore away feveral of the main beams,heightned with w’hich fuccefs they con- tinued to advance their Lines on that fide, to pre- vent which the General commanded two hundred under the leading of Major Motta^ to fally out up- on them, which they effeded with fuch expedition and fecrefie, that they Hew a great number of them and put the reft that were running the Line to flight, overthrowing their redoubts and filling up Lines for v/hich good fervice the General beftowed amongft them fifty Zechins, and commanded the platform to be finifhed from whence with his Can- non he greatly annoyed the Enemy , and having deftroyed feveral Redoubts by fpringing of Mines, fallyed about eight hundred ftrong, and made great flaughter of the Turks driving them out of their Trenches. Howfoever the Turks with adiiiirable patience crept forward under the fiiclter of their Baftion, running their Traverfes crofs the Lines till MattpaJJa/i an Engineer by fpringing feveral Mines put a ftop to their proceedings. Bar now what 514 TnrhjJJ} HiJiorj . was the greateft lofs to this famous Cit/ the Duke of Sa%oy ^wnofe fnbjedt the Marqiiefs D’ ^tlU was,' ref alkd him home, his urgent alFairs fo requiring, notwithftanding many overtures were made for his continuance, but in obedience to his Prince he im- barked and left his charge to the Marquefs St. An- drea Momhrm a Noble man of France^ with whom the Venetian AmbalTador at Farts by order of the Republick, had prevailed to take upon him the de- fence and protedlion of that deplorable reduced now almoft to its ultimate criiis. The new General eftabliflied in his place of trull took a diligent furvey of the Forts and Wall of the City, giving fuch neceflary orders as he conceived moft convenient, nor w'as his diligence without reafon for the Turks dayly prefled nearer to the Walls of the City, railing many redoubts with fuch expedition, that they could not be deftroyed lb fall as they were raifed, though the Miners ceafed not to ufe their utmoll diligence, and from them playing with their Cannon many brave men were killed on the Walls, and amongft the reft Provide- tor General Nani^ and Francifeo Bataglia^ Brother to the Duke of Candia were (lain with’ Mufquet fhots. The long continuance of this liege drew thither many Worthies, and amongft others Menfier La Futilade Duke of Roanez.. The Count of St. Fanis. The Duke -De Cardercu(fe. The Count D' Vtlla Mam., and the Duke De Chateau 7 tery^ who came accompanied with hx iiundred Men moft of them Gentlemen of note, to try their valour in the field of Mars., who iiKe lb many inraged Lyons by their frequent Tallies killed a great number of the Turks, beating them through their Trenches, and terrify- ing them at that rate that theyfcarcely durft make their The THrkjflj Hijlory. 315 their approach, but thefe men came not to ftay but only to fee the Wars and fo depart, which after good fervice done, fuch as efcaped did ^ when in their places feveral valiant Souldiers fent by the Dukes of Lunenburgh and Bmnjvfick^zn'v^tdi under ther leading of feveral valiant Chiefs, of which Count Waldeck^'^Q.% principle, who in a fally ventu- ring into the Enemies Trenches too far, received feveral wounds of which he foon a“^ttr died. Between St. Andrew and the Ruvcdn of Spirita^ where the Turks had planted a Battery cl three pieces of Cannon, and railM feveral Doubts, a Mine of one hundred lacks M Pc.vdrr was iprung, which not only overthrew the Batterv and Redoubts, but vaft quantities of Stones ana T nnber itcarryed into the Air, dellroyed a great number of Turks in their Trenches, and thereupon the Chriftians fallying put them into a great confuhon, difmounting and fpiking up their Cannon, but by the iofs of the Duke of Candia who was llain by a Mufquet Ihot, much of the joy for this liiccefs was abated , yet three thoufand Turks w'ere (lain, andamongft them the Balia of Canea-, and Major General of the 7a- niz^aries. This (laughter for a while greatly difcou''aged the Turks, but in the end recovering breach, they made a ftrongalfault upon one of the Forts of St. Jnd.ea^ and gained it,prelfing to on the Ballion of Sobionera to the Well: with a force of ten thou land men hav- ving the advantage of three batteries, each conhll:- ing of ten pieces of Ordinance, and the ne.vt night gave a general aifault with ail their Forces to the Ballions of Sabiouera^ and St. to- gether with the great Fort of St. b.-it ths belieged were armed with ail caution and vigi- lence againlh furprize, and with that conduf: a.;d * a 1 o Ci r ^l6 The TurhjJh Tlijlory. valour that they gave the Enemy three gallant re- pulfes with much flaughter and confufion, but yet thisfuccefs was diminifhedby the lofsof the Count de Maur an experienced l^enetian Captain, who af- ter proofs of an invincible courage loft his Life in defence of the Chriftian caufe, but not long after ■the Marquels Corna.ro and the Barron Spar arriving with a recruit of three thoufand men, as if they in- tended to requite the Turks laft affault, made fo refolute and fuccefsful a fally, that they killed about two thoufand Turks, amongft whom were divers Commanders of note. About this time whilft the Grand Signeour was at Lariffa^ news came of the near approach of the ExcellentilTimo de Molino Ambaflador from the V ral ; he withdrew the greateft part of his Forces, : and although he met further orders that injoyned liis Hay, yet imbarquing, he returned to France ^ ■where for his Cowardife he was forbid approaching the prefence of the King, or entering the perlues of the Court for a confiderable time. Tht French thus departed, the Turks took cou- rage , and attacqued the quarter of Subionera , ' and St. Andrea^ where putting the out-Guards to flight, they advanced to the Pahfado of the new re- trenchment, butVolliesof Carjnon, and fhowers of Mufquet-lhot, with quarries of ftones thrown front the Engines pouring on them, gave a check to their proceedings ; but the Candiots perceiving, they op- pofed the multitudes of the Enemie in vain, with one voice implored the Captain General to furren- der the City that was not Tenable, and not to ex- pofe them to the fury of a Mercilefs Enemy, of whom the Marquefs D’ Montbourn taking pity, and finding himfelf too weak to oppofe fuch powerful Forces as the Turks, by reafon of new fupplys had in their Camp, they as it were already having poF feffed the main ftrengths of the City, he aflembled a Councel of all the Chief Officers both in the City, and thofe that belonged to the Fleet, who after a ferious confideration, concluded that the City could ■pot by force nor policy be much longer held by rea- ibn of the fmall number of the Defendants, and the incroachment of whofe number was ten to one j whereupon the General was of opinion, that ha- ving imbarqued all the unnece^bry people, and thofe that were wounded, they Ihould by firing of Mines 'The TurliJJ) Uijlory. 325 lay the City wafte, and fo leave the Enemy a bloody and inglorious Victory, which Noble Refolution was feconded by feveral other Chiefs, but in the end it was agreed that a treaty fhould be had with the Turks about its furrender, the which after fome debates was concluded on thefe Articles. Firlt, that for obtaining a good and lafting peace, it is agreed that the City of Candia with all its Can- non which were planted there before the time of the War, be confignedinto the hands of the Vilier. Secondly, That the quiet polfelTion be given to the Republique of Sud^ Carabufa, Spina Longa^ and the Territories thereunto belonging, together with the Fortrefs of Califfa and Dalmatia. Thirdly, That the F’enetiansmz'j carry away all the Cannon which have been brought into the Town, fmce the beginning of the War. Fourthly , That for Imbarquing the Souldiers, Pioneers, and Inhabitants of all c^ialities and Con- ditions, with their Arms, Provillons, and Baggage Twelve days lhall be allowed. Fifthly, That what lhall remain unfnipped, at the end of Twelve days, the Vilier fhall with his own Boats alTift the Lading thereof. Sixthly, That during this time of Truce, no Per- fon whatfoever fhall tranfgrefs his Limits, and he that doth, lhall be treated as an Enemy. Seventhly, That fo foon as thofe Articles fhall he fubfcribed under the White Flag, all Ads of Ho- ftility lhall ceafe under the one lide, and the o- ther. Eighthly , That for fecurity of performance of thefe Articles, Three Hollages be mutually given on the one lide, and the other. Ninthly, That for better alfurance, that the Vc- tmians will ufe all their indeavours to imbarque the’i* Men i 326 TheTurkjJli Hjjiory. Men ; The T nrks may imploy two Officers for Eye- WitnefTes of the fame. Tenthiy, That for Effecting hereof all Ships, Galleys, and other VelTelsmay freely approach unto theffioar, and enter the Port, either day or night. Eleventhly, That the Yenetim Fleet may remain at Standiuj or at any other Ifland in the Archipelago, until fuch times as they are difpatched, or that things are duly prepared for their departure. Twelfthly, That all Commiffions given by the one nde or the other be revoked, and that whofo- ever within the fpace of Forty days ffiall commit any Hofbility againftthe Tenour of thefe Articles, ffiall be puniffied with capital puniffiment. Thirteenthly , That lb icon as an Embaffiador from Yemce ffiall arrive at the Port, all Slaves and Prifoners taken under the Y enetian Colours ffiall be freed and releafed. Fourteenthly, That what Depredations ffiall be made at Sea or Land after thele Articles, ffiall be fub- feribed, and before the publication thereof, ffiall be feithfully made good and reftored. Fifteenthly, That a General pardon be given to the fubjeds on both fides, who have aded contrary to their Faith and Allegiance during this War. Sixteenthly, that in virtue of thefe capitulations, the former Articles be confirmed, which were made m the year 1571, and that no Tribute or Prelent be demanded by the Port, unlefs fuch as has for- merly been payed for, fuch Illands as the Yemians hold in the Archipelago. Seventeenthly , That two Copies of them be miide, one in the Tnrkijh Language fubferibed by the Vilier, Sealed with the Grand Signiours Signet, and another in the Italian Language, under-vvrrote by the Captain General, and Sealed with the Seal of the Republique of Yemce. Thele The TurhjJI) Hiftorj. 527 Thefe Articles being figned, the Hoftages were given on both lides, thole for the Nenetians were Faufiiao da Riva^ Lieutenant General, Giovanni^ Com- millary, and Zacaria Mocenigo^ who had been Duke of Candia. Thofe on the part of the Grand Signiour were thele, viz. Bdir Ajfan-, Bafla, Mahomet Aga of the 7aniz.aries^ zndGurgij Bf?, Tefterder^ or Trea- furer. During this liege Three Thouland Eight Hundred Ninety Five Chrillians were killed and wounded, and of the Turks a Hundred and Eighteen Thoufand, Seven Hundred Fifty Four. The Batteries which the Turks raifed againft the Sahionera-, and St. Andrea confifted of Fifty Nine pieces of whole Cannon, carrying molt of them Bullets of a Hundred and Twenty Pound weight. The Storms which the Turks made upon the Ci- ty, were Sixty Five. The Sallys made by the Ninety Six. The Mines and Forneli fprang by the Nenetians Eleven Hundred Seventy Three. The Combates under ground Forty Five. The Mines fprung by the Turks Four Hundred Seventy Two. In this liege the Venetians Ipent Fifty Thoufand Three Hundred and Seventeen Barrels of Powder, andBombiesof all forts, from Fifty, to Five Hun- dred weight, Forty Eight Thouland One Hundred and Nineteen. Granadoesof Brafs and Iron One Hundred Thou- fand, Nine Hundred Sixty Eight, Granadocs of Glals Four Thoufand Eight Hundred Seventy Four Cannon-lhot of all forts. Two Hundred Seventy Six Thoufand Seven Hundred Forty Three Rounds of Lead, Eighteen Millions, Forty Four Thoufand Nine Hundred Fifty Seven Pounds weight, and of Match Thir- 52 S The TttrkiJJ) HfJIory. Thirteen Millions twelve thoufand five hundred weight. What quantities the Turks might confume of Ammunition is uncertain, but it was obfervable that the Brafs taken up in the ftreets, which came from their Granadoes and Bombes filled a Warehoufe im- ployed for that purpofe, and was afterward fold for a hundred thoufand Crowms. Upon thefe Articles Candia was furrendred the news of which coming to the cars of the Grand Signiour he could not for a while believe it, till he had a further confirmation. Yet the City upon its delivery was fo ruined , that it feemed rather a heap of confufion, then a place t-'> dwell in, nor did any more then five able perfons, and iomethat were fo aged and decrepit as were not fit to travel, ftay in it, fo that the Turks gained this fixteen Acres of ground, for no more was that famous Ci- ty in compafs, with ineflimable expence of blood and Treafure ; yet the glory and fame which at- tended it being the confiimmation of five and twen- ty years, of which this laft liege lafled two years, nine months, and feven and twenty dayes, was of greater value to the Turks, then any other confide- ratioD, and may with time prove a place of ad- vantage to the farther increafe of their eftern Em- pire, unlefs the Almighty give a flop to the pro- grefs of their Arms, The News of Cunduti furrender being publifhed greatly rejoyced the Turk, who groaned under the Taxations levyed for the maintenance of that War, as likewife ridded the Grand Signeour of a great part of his care, infomuch that he gave himfelf on- ly to Hunting and dalliance with his SnltAna^ vyho had born him the firfl; Son, of whom he became fb inamoured that he flighted all his other Women, con- The TurkiJ!) HiJJory. 529 contrary to the cvllcm of other Suites. Yet hav- ing notice that Sir I'miel His Nlajefty of Great Butains An bafTador exptdled his Audience, hecaufed him to be introduced, acknowledging tie revereii;.c and rtjyedt for his Majelty, and the efi:etm he had of the Englifh Nation, ordering the Capitulaiicns to be renewed, ccinnirncing thcChi- rr.i^cajn that if any one fhould break or enfringe them that he fnould cut him off without further argu- ment. But as to the rcnev\ii g the Capitulations tb&Chif^aiam falling at the Grand Signeours feet, implored. That that particular might be deferred t untill the arrival ot the great Vil;er, whcfe proper power and adt it was to make War and Peace, and therefore for him to meddle about capitulations, was to invade the Vifiers Authority, which he duiil not do without putting his Life in danger, or at kaft rendering his perfcn obnoxious to his irrecon- cileable difpleafure with which the Grand Signeour being fatisfied, ordered that that particular fhould be referred to the Grand Vifier, the renewing of which wasreferved for the care and cordiel of Sir 7ohn Ftnch-y who fucceeded in the Em.bafiy after the death of Sir Darnel Harvy. j^mo \6'tO. the Grand Vifier having difpofed the affairs of Cavdta-t inibarked for 5c;V, where having flayed feme dayes revelling in ail excefs and diun- ' kennefs he fell into a furfeit, which put fuch an en- mity between Wine and him that by lome other motives exafperated, he interdided the drinking of it upon fevere penalties throughout the Otttn.an'LT:^- pire. The Turks generally bung given to take Opium, which fort ofdroulie intoxication they for the mcfl part hold be^pnd the ciiarmsof Wine, but this prohibition continued not long. - The Vifier palling frern -Sr/i? tailed and frem. 330 iheTurkiJJ) HtJIory. from thence to Adrinoplef where he was received in a manner of Triumph by the Grand Signeour, who exprefled the more then ordinary fatisfadion he conceived not only in the condud of his affaires, but that he was fafely returned from a tedious* and bloody War. About the beginning of the following year th^Fe- netian Ambaffador arrived at the Port, to fettle and confirm the Treaty, as to the eftablifhing the Fron- tiers in Dalmatia^ Albania , and other parts of the Venetian Territories, in which there arofe fuch dif- putes between the borderers on either fide, that fbme skirmifhes happenedafter the Articles of Candia were lubfcribed The Amballador being introduced with all due ceremonies, complained of feveral outrages done to the Subjeds of the V ^netiansy whereupon commiflioners on either part were appointed to meet between Climno and CHJfa-, to adjuft matters as they law convenient, but fuch was the fury of the people that without regard to the honour of the Grand Sig- neour or the Senate, they feized upon feveral places which they alledged to be their peculiar Patrimo- nies, fwearing that no peace made to the advantage of their Superiours fhould exclude them their right, but in the end the Turks who were the chief Ag- greflbrs were put to flight by a power of Venetians lent for that purpofe, and Vptph Bey their Comman- der and chief perfwaderto the infringement of the Peace was llain, after which the Commifiions were granted and made more ample then formerly, for determining the right of the Signory and Empire on the confines of Dalmatia-, and other Countries adjoyuing, and on the lyth.Kof conferring in a Tent letup for that purpofe, after much debate many boundards were affixed, but that which was mod Jiiiiited on, was Verpogly 2. fmall Fortrefs’on the The TurkiJfj Hijiory. 231 the top of a Hill once belonging to the Vemtians-t which at the beginning of the War they abandoned, as cofting more to maintain or defend, then the value or confideration of it, which the Turks pof- lelTing averred it to be theirs by the Law of Arms, arguing ftrongly , that any other Nation might have feized on it to the prejudice both of the V meti- ans^ and the Subjects of the Grand Sign eour. Thefe debates had like to have created new Hoftilities, but Mamitt Balia dying in the middle of the Treaty, and Chufaien Balfa commilTioned in his Head, who was of a milder and more flexible temper, difliculties that obftruded a concluflon were removed, and on the 2^th. of OSiober, 1671. in open Divan held in the Campaigne of Salom all things were concluded, and Coppies of the Agreement fubfcribed and inter- changeably given. And in this manner the difference about the confines were concluded, and the long War between the r -.mians and the Turks ended. About this time a Turkifli Envoy fent to the ^ French Court returned, bringing with him an Am- balTador from the King called A^onficur de Nointelj who with three Men of W'ar and a Firefliip failing through the Hellefpont, and coafting along the Pro^ pontis refufing to falute the Seraglio unlefs he wasfirlt laluted , a nicety not required by any Ambaffador before him, which not being granted lay olf at Sea, as being refufed by the Officers of the City as Am- baflador, but in the end the Vilier prudently con- iidering that for a meer pundiiio it was not coveni- ent nor lafe to exafperate the French Nation, nor thereon to ground a War, whereupon he gave or- der he Ihould be received with the ufual Ceremony, and condudted to his Audience, nor was the info lency of the French Souldiers and Sailors who com- mitted many outages on the Coaft: taken notice of, cr 5i6 The Tnrhjji) Ffijloty. or if they were it was ib that they were diflembled,- and although wiiilft the Ships lay before the City a hundred flaves from on board the Turks Gallies, and out of the City efcaped by getting on board and amongft them Monjieur a Knight of Afalta^ yet that was likewife diflTembled , and not thought a fufficient ground for War with a Nation whole valour the Turks by fatal experience had tryed, but in the end the French became more mo- derate, and new inftrudions being brought the Am-, balTador by a man of War, he palled to uidrinofle where the Grand Signeour was gone, and having his fecond A.idience granted, his firll being had of the Vifier, he delired that the League fo long con- tinued between his Mailer and the Ottoman Princes might continue, and that the capitulation might be renewed only with the Alteration of the culloms, impofedupon his Mailers Subjeds from five to three in the hundred according to that priviledge which theEnglifh and other Chrillian Merchants, whole league and Friendfhip was fubfequent to theirs, but after many delays the Vifier would not accord, but referred him tc his return from the Wars of Po- land.^ on which he was intent, which difappoint- ment greatly perplexed the Amballador. The Grand Signeour having before milTed his de- lign in ma.ang away his Brethren for fear of the Jantz.aries-y row in their abfence mofl of them being bulled in the Wars, renevved his refolution and un- der pretence of Friendfhip poifoned Orcham the Eldefl with a bowl of Wine, though fome affirm he was llrangled with a Bow llring, and that ere he fell he killed one of the Executioners, but how- foever it happened he was made away, whole death once known greatly incenfed the people againll the Grand The Turl^ijf) Hijlory. 5^5 Grand Signior, and prevented the like effects on the o’ ther Broth er. All other matters now layed ahdeabou^ the beginning of the year 1572. preparations wer^ made for the PoJifh War though with Juch deliberati" on as exprelTed an unwillingnefs thereto entheparto^ the Ottomans^ who having experienced the force of that warlike Nation moved thereto with caution. Yet their motives were not inconliderable, but fuch as thereon a War might be grounded not only for the concmual Piracy of the Cojfacki on the Black Sea, and their allifting the bordering Princes in their op- pofing the Turkilh Arms, and the little regard the Polilli nmballador had of the Port treating there with equal grandure, and alTuming a Liberty above the Minilters of other Chriftian Princes, and now they lay more open to be alfaulted by realbn of the divifions amongft themfelves , whereby an op- portunity offered to the Grand Signeour to oblige the Polomans to a complyance of his demands, yet whilfl; preparatians were making on all hands an Ambaf- fadorwas lent to theVifier, he advancing with his Army towards the frontires named Wijhz.skiiZ Noble man of Poland prefuming upon his Power and Autho- rity argued after fuch a lofty manner, and in terms fo contrary to the methods of an Ambaffador, that the ViliermnchincenfeddiipatchedaCfe;^?« into Po- land with Letters , defiring that this Ambaflador might be recalled as being a perfbn unable to man- iiage matters of the leafl; concernment, inlinuating that if they fupplyed his place with another he fhould bereceivedi with due refped, and a plain way laid o- pento conclude his Negotiations tothe iatisfadion of both parties. Upon notice of vv-hich the Ambaf- lador was fo fenlibly touched that he in a rage lent Letters to the aflembly ofthe Polifh Nobiiiry to certifiethem that tie was not only debarred of the al* lowance ufual toAmbafladorsbut alfo wasimpriibnedj Y y botii Th&TurkiJIjHiJior^. 1 both of which ( though untrue, for the former he 1 tefofed as too little for one of his Charader, and | the latter being onely his confinement to the City of C&nfiammple, by reafon of fome outrages his fer- ; vants committed at his houfe at Pera ) being be- lieved kindled fuch a flame that the Poles imprifon- ed the Turkish ChiaWj and ordered that all the Coun- trey Ihou-ld be put in Arms rendering the Vifier no other anfwer then that when their Arabaflador was let at Liberty and had Licenfe to depart, the like Ihould be done to theirs. Of thefe proceedings the Grand Signeour having notice was highly offended immediately ordering that Wifoski fhould depart, and at the fame time commanded his whole Militia to rife and follow him to the Wars, fending a Sword i and Veil to the Tartar Han with orders to unite his Forces with the Cojfacks that had revolted from the Po.es^ and fpcedily to invade Polonta, which accord-- ingly he did and incountering near Batow-a with a- Body of Poli^ft Horfe, under the command of Luz^ecki Governourof he overthrew them,which was the firfl: bad Omen of the ill fuccefs of this unhappy : War. The Grand Signeour having raifed an Army of one hundred fifty thoufand men marched towards Poland already lick and languiihing with its own in- teftine diftempers, and unable to contend with a body united within it felf. The firfl enterprise he made was upon impregnable Fortrefs of the Cammed^ which had fo often baffled the Ottoman Force, but i now being weakly manned unprovided of all necef- faries, and defpairing of Relief, after fourteen days, i liege flirrendered, the Garrifon in itfubraitting ta the will of the Conqueror, which opened a paffage through all Podolia and Tolhinia to the very Walls of Leopolifj, which they palled over rather like Tra- vellers The Turkiji) Hijlorj. 555 vellers then Enemies, not one man in armes appear- ing to oppofe theni delighting and Iporting them- ftlves in thole the moll fruitful and delicious Coun- tries of Europe y permitted fo to do by theanimoli- ties and intelline broiles amongll the Nobility, who being divided into fadions, reguarding more their private quarrels then the fafety of their Countrey, now ready to be devoured by the Infidels, and in- deed it has been always feen that the divilions of the Chrillians have layed the foundation of the Turkilh great nefs, which they impute to the merit of their prayers. Yet fiich was the command of the Grand Signecur, that no Souldier fpoiled or out- raged any perfon, which fo far won upon the af- fedions of the Poloniatis that they in all places v/here he paired fubmitted, and put themlelves under his protedion, which fo awakened the Nobility, that a Council being called it was refolved that to buy their Peace, and be Ihut of thefe new come guells. That the King of Poland Ihould quit all claim to the ZJkratf}^ Pedotif and Ruffe land. That Leopolis and the Countrey thereabouts Ihould pay a Tribute of leventy thoufand Dollars a year, and all other Capitulations formerly made to Hand in full force and vertue. Thefe Articles being ligned the Grand Signeour committed the Government of and to Dorofensko General of the Cojfaoks^ and the defence of Cominicc^ to Chufaein Balia, with a Garrifon of twelve thoufand Janizaries , and fo , returned to Conflantinople difmiffing thegreatell part of his Ax- my, poor and almoll naked by reafon of their be- ing rellrained from plundering. About this time the Tripslees mutined againd Of- tnan Bafia their Governour, for refufing to divide Y y 2 amongft 55^ TheTnri\iJI} Hijlory. amongft them fiich booties as were taken by Pyracy who thereupon with his Friends and Haves betook himfelf to the ftrong Caftle, but in the end was ftrangled by his own Haves, and the gates opened to the Mutiniers who committed all manner of difor- dersj and refolved to take upon them the fame form of Government with that of Argire , and to be Go- verned by a Dey^ but at length to prevent the ef- feds of the Grand Signeours juft difpleafure, it was refolved to fend their Deputies with great prefents to the Port there to excufe the matter, and to crave a new BaHa, aggravating the iniquities of the old, all which with fomie difficulty was obtained, and fair weather was made between them and their Lord though the Baffia’s of Tripoly., have ever lince been rather in name then power, thofe unruly Pirates do- ing what they lift, to the great hinderance of Trade, and blemiOi to the Ottoman Empire, who living by Theft and Rapine keep peace with none longer then ftands winh their advantage. In Jidgitfl died the worthy Sir Daniel HarvyYih Majefty of great Britains Ambaffador at the Port, and foon after in his room fucceeded Sir John Finch. The League the Poles made with the Turk was not long obferved, for after they had recolleded them- lelves being affiamed of fuch inglorious conditions, dealt with the Cojjachs to revolt from Dorofenskp,y^]\o Imd ingaged them in the Grand Signeours intcreft, which put again into hazard and confuhon, fo tl;at the Grand Signeour was obliged to give over his paftimes, and betake himfelf to Arraes, nor w'as the nnexpeded news the lofs of the Alexandian Fleet, taken by rheGalliesof A/*s/t.«and Corifaries of Legorn iefs unwelcome news. The The TiitliJJj Hfjtoy. 357 The Pc/fjincouraged by the motion of the Cojf.ickj notvvithflancling the Articles, rctufed to pay the Tribute agreed on, which by their Ambalfador they certified the Grand Signeours Minilters, defi- ring to have it waved, but the Turk fur^irized there- at more earneltly demanded it, though atfirltmany fair words were ufed but they not prevailing the Grand Signecur gave order for all his forces to be in a readinels, hanging out the Tough or Horfes tail, and ordering his Tents to be pitched in the Field, Sc themore tofrighten themfent a Letter filled with dreadful menaces agreeable to thcTurkhh iLilejwhich threatened them with confulion,Sword, Famine, Fire, deltriuftion and a thoufand other direful punifnraents. Yet was not fo forward, for though hi^ Army was imbodied yet that Summer they only pafied the Da- nubim-, and the enfuing Winter quartered about Stiiflria^ that they may terrific the I’olts the raoie with their approach,and tor the diverting the Fi each Kings Arms from being ferviceable to the Pole-, his AmbalTador received fatisradlion in what he demand- ed as to the IclTening the cuffomi and allowance of Jefuits and Religious Fioufes in jHrnfA'.eni , Gal.itiA and other parts of theTurkilh Dominions, and that in all refpeds the fubjeds ofhis moil Chi illian Ma le Try Ihould be every where well intreated, throughout the Ottoman Empire,after which the Ambafiador obtained a licenfe to travel and take a view of the Countrey, when in the mean while the Pclilh Army to the num- ber of 2COOO horleand foot were advancing from - the Walls of LeopoUs under the command of General Sobieski-, and Zircha made General of the CcfJ.u\s in the room of /hi7mf/7ilt<),joyning with a party of Mitfco- vites and Cdmack^ Tartars^ made incuriions into the parts about oyi^c, the news of which fo amazed the Grand Signiour that he put o.T his intended march to y y 3 Kerne- 53^ TheTtirkjJh Hijiory. Kememtiz. , and again endeavoured to oblige the Foies by fair means to an obfervation of the Arti- cles, and fatisfie the contents therein coricluded but finding them averfe, he refolved if poffible to compel them thereto by the power of the fword. The Grand Seigniors forwardnefs was not fo great, but that the Poles were as earneft as he, and little regarding his Menaces refolded to be the firft Agref- fors ; For General Sobieskie having increafed his Ar- my to the number of Fifty Thoufand, boldly paf- fed the Niefter^ to whom foon after revolted the Prince, or Vayvod of Moldavia with certain Troops of Horfc and Foot, for that the Balia Chufaein had reproached him, and at the head of his Troops ftruck him with his Battle Axe, and the Prince of f'''alacbia was forced into the PoUjl} Camp by his Soul- diers, but he foon after made his efcape, and was by the Grand Seignior received into favour. The Armies now approaching, and the Poles ha- ving had exadt Intelligence of what had pafled in the Turks Camp; The Battle was begun at what time the Prince of Moldavia infpired with revenge charg- ed furioKliy upon Chufeain Balfa and wounded him, requiting thereby the wound he had received of him. The heat of the fight continued for the fpace of fif- teen hours, in which none behaved hirafelf more va- liantly then dPidiSolyman Bafla the Beglerbegoi Bofna^ yet having that day fix horfes killed under him, and finding himfelf overpowred, fled the Field, as did Chufaein Bafla , the Baffa of Sinas and Chidd-Ogla-, but he in flight was flain, and the other three Baffa’s wounded ; The Generals of the Green and Yellow Sangtacks of the Spahies were taken Prilbners, and two other Principal Commanders of that Order kil- led. The Zagergeebajfa who commanded Eighteen Chambers of thQ Tanizarics was likewife taken Pri- foner The TurkiJ!) Hijlory. 339 fbner together with the Standard of that Order, and of them Eight Thouland Five Hundred flain, all I the Troops and Attendants of the Baffa’s, with four Sanz, the Ottomm Dominions, and now the Grand Sigi,e- our 94^ iheThrkijJ} Hijlory, oiir moved by chief Cuftomef refident at Smyrna^ cas- ing his Eye upon that Scale of Trade, brought him in great Revenues by way of Cuftom \ the better to beautifie it, and reftore its antient Luftre, built a Balaftecn or Exchange, as likewile a Cuftom-Houle Eredted on Piles in the Sea, fending his ablblute De- cree, that all Merchants Ships Ihould there unlade, and make due enterics, which greatly perplexed the Merchants, who before were wont to land their Goods on their own Keys, but in vain was their com- plaints, for the Grand Signiour would not admit of any reverfal, but by his Ralya declared that rather than he would be difobeyed in his own Dominions* he Would blow up the Port and Town, upon which anfwer the Merchants defpairing offuccefs, were content to unlade their Ships at the Cuftom-Houle, or there to make a trueEntery of the Goods in their Boats ; for the Cuftomer being fenfible that there was not water enough for the Ships to ride at the Key, was content to difpenle with divers matters that the Innovation might fit more eafie on the Merchants. Things being at this pafs, the Grand Signior after lixteen years ablence from Con antinomic ^ which had rendered that City almoft difpeopled, returned thi- ther to the great Joy of the Conjiantinopolitans^ and frequently took his pleafure on the River in his Barge, or on the Bojphorm in his Galley, ftridly commanding that no Chrillian Minifter Ihould be luffered to dwell upon the Banks of the latter, a pro- hibition never before made by any of his Predecef- fors, when foon after his arrival, the Captain Balia dyed, and Zayd Mmet BalTa Ogli fucceeded him, and foon after Ibrahim^ Balfa General of the Forces on the Borders of Poland dyed, nor was the great Vi- lier far from the Brink of the Grave, by realbn of The Tnrhijli Hijiory. 347 Ills immoderate drinking of Wine and Strong-Wa- iters, which made him incident to the Droplic and Jaundice. . . , . The new Balia of Cairo by this time having en- tered on his Office, ufed great diligence to fettle the Revenues of that Kingdom, hoping thereby to pleafe the Grand Signibr, ot vvhofe favour fi nee his remo- val from Treafurer, he ftood doubtful, but fo fe- vere he was in his Exaction, that the Egyptians not accuftomed to be fo ufed , complained of his ri- gour to the Begs or great Lords of Egypt, who though they receive the Turkilh BalTas, pay Tri- bute, andown them their chief Governours, yet are They in themfelves Abfolute Lords in their refpe- aive Provinces i for that Kingdom is rather an Ariftocracy, than a Monarchy. Thefe great Men much difpleafed at the proceeding of the Baffia, which tended to Tyranny and Oppreffion, took up Arms, and drew after them a great multitude, with which they ahauked the Balia’s palace, enter- ed it, and dragging nim thence, call: him into Pri- fon, which news flying wdth all hafte to the Ottoman Court, filled all with fear and confufion, upon ap-‘ prehenfion that Egypt was revolted •, but a while af- ter the truth of the matter being rightly underltood, the Grand Signior with all fpeed lent a new Balia with gentle Letters to pacific the Begs, and reltore things to their former tranquility^ promiling that reftitution Ihould be made for all injuries fiiftained, which melTage of Grace and Favour made all former difeontents vanilh, and reftored a right underlfand- ing, infomuch, that the imprifoned Bafla was fer at Liberty, and Ihipped to where the Grand Sig- niour had appointed him Governour •, the people without any further difturbance returning to their obedience* About 348 The TurkiJ!) Hijlory. About this time happened the unfortunate fall of Chefme Ji^a , a man of great repute amongft the Turks, which was after this manner, a woman cal- led Sultana Sporchcy with which Sultan Ibrahim had had to do with her in her youth \ being now turned Baud, bought many beautiful Female Slaves, whkn Ihe brought up to Singing, Dancing, and many other Exerciles, and then for money, yielded them up to the Lull of the Great Men of the Court ; one a- mongll which for her Wit and Beauty being greatly famed, the Grand Signior fent for her, but the Sultana fearing to loofe her, by whom Ihe got dayly gain, and doubting the Grand Signiour would put her into his Seraglio, admonifhed her to a fullen coynefs, as likewife to declare that Ihe was a free- woman, which by theTurkifh Law ought not to be defiled, nor carnally know any man, unlefs fhe be married ^ which part Ihe played fo well, that the Grand Signior fent her back with dilHain and reproach to her Miltrefs, who was not a little glad of her cfcape ^ but fo it happened, that the aforefaid j4^a foon after calling his Eyes on her, and deligh- ted with her quaint Difcourfe, fell inamour’d with her, and treated of Marriage, which the Wench highly approved, but her Miltrefs would in no v/ife confentto it, declaring that Ihe was her Bond-wo- man, and not at her own difpofal, which fora time put a flop to the proceedings *, but foon after the Lover contrived away to bring their defigns to pafsr for the Aga having taken her private Lodgings, Ihe under the fhelter of the night made her elcape, but upon her being miffed, her Beldame charged him with conveying away, and concealing her Have, which he for a while denyedj but fhe fctting many fpies over him, at length found them together, and charging an Officer with them, caufed them to be car- The Tnrk^iJI) Hijiory. 54 p i'yed before the Great Vifier, who fent to the Grand Signior to know his pleafure therein, of which the hga having fome miftruft, told the Vifier that he expeded no other fentence then that of Death from the Grand Signior, only he defired that his beloved Miftrefs might be fpared, for he was fare helhould live in her j nor were his fears in vain, for foon af- ter came a fatal Decree for his Execution , and lent the Woman to the Seraglio This cruelty of the Sultans as molt conjedur’d, proceeded from the difdain, he conceived that the Wench Ihould refule his proffered kindnefs, and imbrace the love of his Slave, for fuch the Sultans account the greatell men in the Empire. The Grand Signior having fpent moll part of the Winter at Confiafjtwople, early in the Spring retur- ned to Kdrimple^ though the better to comfort the ConftantwopolitanSf who by realbn of the lenfible de- cay of Trade that muff thereon infue, mourned his abfence ; he prefumed about Autumn to return a- gain, and for his reception caufed a new Seraglio to be founded, and fo fetting forward, accompani- ed with a great train of Nobility, andamongft the reft, the great Vifier, he marched towards Qnflanti- mple-i but by the way the Vifier dyed, having de- ftroyed himfel^by intemperate drinking Wine and Hot Spirits, his Body accompanied with a flender Train, was brought back to Confiafjtinople, ^nd there buryed in the Sepulchre of Old Rnperiee his Fa- ther. The Great Vifier dead, the Seal was given to Kara Majiapha^ Baffa, who for many years had ex^ ercifed the Office of Chtmatam^ or Deputy to the Great Vifier, being a Man of courteous behaviour, wife and affable, not given to Covetoufnefs nor Cruelty, but as foon as he was promoted, he fent to 2 z the q Tar kip Hiporj. the deceafed Viflers Servants to condole the Death of their Mailer, promifing them to take them into his care and protedion ; moll of which he after- wards promoted to Honourable places, to fneh ad- vantage, that by their dependency on him, they fe- curcd both him and themfelves from' the malice of fuch as envyed the advancement : Long he had not been letled in his place, e’re he cut off the Chief Pay-Mafters head for bringing falfc Money into the Exchequer, and had given another the fame mea- liire, had not his Life been redeemed at Forty Fur- ies ofMoney, or Twenty Thouland Dollars, though thereby his place was not regained, nor was dili- gence lefs in looking after the corruption of Mini- fters of State, difplacing anddepofingall fuch ashc found remifs in their duty, ^or that for lucre or gains- fake opprefled any of the Grand Signiours Subjeds, or fuch ftrangers as traded in any part of his Domi- nions. But by the Example of this man it may be leen how Power andGreatnefs can alter the difpolition of Men, and make them fwell with Pride almolt to burning, for finding the Reins on his lieck, with- out rellraint, he took upon him the Power and Office of the Sultan, it being morgdifficult to gain accefs to him, than to the Snitan himfelf, and in imitation of their Mailer, the fub-Officers grew proud and iniblent ^ infomuch , that the face of things, contrary to moll mens expedations were changed ; and this haughty behaviour was Ihewed efpecially towards ferraign Minillers, whofe Inter- preters were not admitted as formerly to private Audiences or Conferences about their Affairs, but only at the publick Divan where their Arzes or Me- morials were to be preferred, which was always al- lowed to the Subjeds of the Grand Signiour, and thofe The Turkijl) Hijlory, 55 1 thofe of Tributary Nations, when they Petition for Juftice*, which Judgment was not only caft up- on interpreters, but on the perfons of the repre- lentatives themfelves \ an inflance of which was feen in the French Embailador, who at the time appoin- ted corning to receive his Audience , was rudely crouded and joftled by a company of unmanner- ly Chiaufes^ who regarded the reprelentative of fo great a King at no other rate than they did one of the Grooms, or Laquies of the Sultan. Be- ing come to the Seat of Audience, he perceived the Stool let for him, was fet beneath the SofFra, and that of the Viiiersupon it i whereupon he comman- ded one of his Servants to place it equal with that of the Great Vifiers, which he had no fooner done, but it was brought down again by one of the Vi- liers.Pages, whereupon the Embailador feizing the Stool, carryed it up and lat upon it. The report whereof coming to the Vifier, who was in his reti- ring Chamber, he fent word that he would not come into the Chamber of Audience till the Stool was let in the place appointed, whereunto the Em- baflador replyed that he might difpofe of his Chair as he pleafed, but not of his Perfon, when in the interim Chians Bajhe came in bauling Calder^ Calder^ which is take it away, take it away ; at which un- expeded noife the Embaflador Handing up to fee what the matter was, had the llool taken from un- der him ^ whereupon he in a great rage flung out -of the Audience Chamber, caulmg thePrefents which he brought to be again returned with him, and fo mounting his Horfe, departed to his Lodging. Soon after it was by fome of the Officers intima- ted to Sir John Finch., His MajeHy of Great Erir.nns Embaflador, that he might if he pleafed, receive Audience of the Vifier •, but upon notice what had Z 2 7. hap- 552 The Turkjp Hijhry. happened to the French Embaflador,he excufed his gd- ingion pretence of an indifpofition of body: But how- CVCvF'eneti^n-y Dutch and Genoan Relidents were content (the better to curry favour with the rifer) to be ad- mitted to Audience on thofe terms which the Vifier would vouchfafe to allow them ; for though during the time, he was Chnnacam^ as is aforefaid ; he was meek and humble , yet being placed in the higheft dignity nejtt the Suhan-, the unexpected Exaltation made him fo far forget himlelf, that his pride knew no bounds. Thele things happening, and no hopes of acco- modation with Poles^ who by this time had EleCted Sobies^ for their King, great preparations were made for the carrying on that War. The Tartar, Han, in order thereto receiving exprefs command to take the Field, which early in the Spring he did, and enter- ing Lithuania, committed many outrages, but being incountered by Sixteen Thoufand Poles, and Cojfacks his Army w'as put to the rout, and in great confulion obliged to repafs the Neijler, leaving behind him all the booty, which conlifted moflly of People and Cattle, during which, the Bafla of Kemenitz., with a great Body of Korle made an Inroad even to the Walls of Leopolis, which caufed the King to fend his Qiieen and Children to Cracow, refolving to give the Turks Battle, and in order to ftrengthning his Forces, fummoned all the Polijh Nobility to repair to his Standard, putting himlelf and fuch Troops as he had between the City and the Enemy, the better to alienate the fears of the people, who upon the approach of the Turks, who burnt up all before them, had fed, and left the City defolate , had not the Gates been clofed upon them. The Turks perceiving the great preparations that were making againft them , thought fit with fuch booty The TmkiJJ) Hijlory. 555 booty as they had gotten to retire into Vckrama^ but in their retreat were charged by the King with fuch bravery, that Seven Tnoufand of them were killed, and a giaeat number of Captives refcued to their unfpeakable joy. They finding the Turks were refolutely bent to carry on theWar, and that the Kingdom was greatly weakned by the Provinces they had already rent from it, the better to ftrengthen himlelf by Alliance, by the Advice of the Senate, fent his EirtbalTador to the Court of the Cz.ar of Mofcovy^ to folicite Aid againft the common Enemy, who upon his arrival was received with great exprefiion of Joy, and due Ceremony being dayly heightened with fair promi- fes to exped great matters, but in the end, nothing worth mention came on it, yet it fo wrought upon the Turks, that for the better prelervation of what they had already required the Vilier began to be in- tent on peace, but his propoiitions were fo unrea- sonable, that the Ec/w generoLilly refiifed them, and early in the Spring prepared to take the Field with a puiflTant Army, yet could not fo foon draw them together, but that the living on the Frontires, joyning with fome, revolted CcJJacksj committed di- vers out- rages, burning about Two Hundred Villages carrying away a great number of Chriltians into mi- ferable captivity, whilft; Podoha groaned under the oppreflion of the Turks, who now turned their clemency into rigour, killing and carrying away great numbers of thefe diflrelTed people, burning their Houfes, and robbing them of the linall matter they had left in fuch a manner that that fruitful Countrey was laydalmoft defolate:i to op- pofe which Torrent, the King drew out his Forces, and by fair promifes and large gifts procured Three Thouland ColTacks to joyn him when palling the 2 2 3 Ntejler 354 'The TnrhJJIo Hiftory. Neifter, and falling upon the Straglers as they at plealure were ravaging the Countrey, expeding no iuch matter, and killed Five Thoufand , amongft whom fell One Baflaand Two Sanz.iacks *, but upon notice the Tartars in great number was entered the heart of Poland^ leaving fome of his Troops under the Command of his Lieutenant Gene- ral, he pofted to oppofe them, but upon notice they were Forty. Thoufand lead by Expert Tarktjh Com- mandcro •, hedrewr near to Leopolls to encourage that City, which otherwife terrified at the approach of fo great an Army might have been deferted, when finding the Tartars m^Lde divers halts, having put a Garrifon into theCity,and given fuch neceflary orders as he thought convenient, he marched towards them, and having notice by his Scouts that they approach- ed, he commanded his Army to extend large in Front, and the Wings of Horfe to lie off, that they might feem more in number than they were ^ he refolutely dercendedfromafmall Hill into the Plain, and after having Thrice proclaimed the Name of Jefus at the Head of his Troop, fell like an unexpeded Tempefl; upon the Infidels, infomuch that the Front of their Army was overthrown, before the Rear could come up to their alTiftance ^ which putting them into a great confufion, when perceiving the referves advance to charge them in the flank, and fuppofing the whole power of the Kingdom at hand, by reafon of great fhout from the Hills made by the Ruftick, fet there for that purpofe ^ they firft gave back, and in the end betook themfelves to plain flight, calling away many of their Arms and Baggage to make the' fwif- ter retreat, upon whom the Horlemen fol- lov;ed hard, making great daughter of them for the fpaceof Twelve Miles; but night coming on, to prevent the punuers from falling into any ambufh that I The TnrkiJI) Hijiory, 355 that might for that purpofe be layed , the King cauled the retreat to be founded, and returning to the City Vidorious, he was received with all ex- preflions of joy, and the next day commanded a publick Thankfgiving for the Vidory fo miracu- loufly obtained. In this' Battle Ninety Thoufand Tartars^ Turks-, Moldavians and ^ dachians were flain, Seven Hundred taken Prifoners, and a great booty recovered •, of the Poles fell only Seven Hundrecl , their whole Force not exceeding Six Thoufand. The reafons were gathered from fbme of the Prifoners why the Tartars^ &c. were fo fuddenly dif-ouraged, were two, firlt for that about ten in the Morning of the lame day making a Halt, abundance of Snow and Hail fell upon their Army, and round about them none was feen to fall, which they took as a bad Omen. Secondly, that when they perceived the large Front of the Army which extended near a Mile they verily believed it to be the fore-run- ner of the Forces of the whole Kingdom, which they had heard were in Arms, and therefore having fo far advanced into the Councrey, and left many Ene- mies at their backs, they feared to be inclofed, which occauoned their hafty and diforderly re- treat. The !e reiterated Lofles, and thedehrethe Grand Signior had to pollefs hirrilelf of the reft of Hun- gary , whole divillons gave him a profpeift of re- ducing it to his Obedience, made him more wil- lingly hearken to the propofals of the Em- ballador, fo that in the end, upon much the fame Articles as thole that had before been broke, the Tribute accepted, a peace was concluded, in which the Mofcovite would fain have been included, but he failing to help his Neighbour Prince in his grearsft Z z 4 Extre- 55^ The TurkifJo Hijlory. Extremity, was thought unworthy both by the Potes and Turks ^ infomuch, that foon after divifions ariiing amongft the Bowyers, and great Men of that Dukedom ^ the Tartars caking the opportunity there- of, over-run a great part of the Countrey, carrying away all that came to hand j but another party foon after attempting the like, were fought with, and moll of them cut olF, or drowned in repairing the Boryjihenes. About this time the differences between the Viller and the French Embaffador greatly encreafed, not- withftanding the mediation of divers Chriftian Mi- nifters then refiding at the Port. The one Inlifting to take his place during his Audience on the Saf- fora, and the other as obftinately refuling to permit jt, infomuch that the Emballador grew greatly difeontented that the Honour of his Mailer Ihould be fo much impaired, yet in hopes of a better treat- ment, he once more refolved to attend his Audi- ence, being introduced, the Chair was brought and let at the Foot of the Saffora-, the which while he was with his own hands about to remove, the Vi- liers Servants hindred him, wherefore in a rage he took up the Cufhion and flung it over his head, which happened to fall upon the Great Vilier, who grievoufly refenting the Affront, cauled him head and Shoulders to be thrulb out of the Audience- Chamber, whereupon the rude Officers (without re^ fpe(ft to his Charader, or the Law of Nations, which renders the Perlbn of an Embaffador Sacred and InviolableJ fo roughly handled him, that he kept his Chamber for feveral days. Thefe are the moll remarkable occurrences that have happened ffnee the beginning of this Emperors Reign over the Eallern Empire, till 1680, the rela- tion of which I have partly received from Authors of 'The 'rurk^JJ) Hijicry. 557 of undoubted Credit and Reputation, and parti/ aflerted of my own knowledg, many of the TranR adions of this Emperors Reign happening during my abode in thofe Countries •, But to proceed. Anno 1680. the Grand Seignior arriving at Adri~ about the middle of December, and being reco- vered of an Ague that had fometime afflided him, he commanded his Vifier Baffa to draw his Forces to- gether from all parts of his Empire, caufing the horfes tail to be hung out, which is a certain lign that the Grand Seignior or Grand Vifier intends to take the Field, and in order to defray the charges, great films of Money were every where exaded, the Grand Vifier labouring more earnefily therein that he might again recover the Grand Seigniors favour , from which he was fallen, with thefe Forces he intended to invade early in the Spring, and toprofe- cute that War till he had compelled the Cz,ar to fiib- mit to fuch terms of peace as he himfelf Ihouldpro- pofe, and at the fame time difpatched Achiaas to the Emperor of Germany, to treat on the behalf of the Hungarian Male-contents, whom he declared he muft take into his protedion, if their propofals for li- berty of Conscience was by the Imperial Diet then fitting at Ratubon and foon after him fol- lowed the Bilhop of SebejHni, the Count D’ Petro- z.i, and two or three others of lefs note Deputed by the Hungarians, to treat about the fame matter, but thejr demands feeming unreafonable, they were dif- mifiTed without the fatisfadion they expeded. About this time Mulcy Hamet Nephew to Muley Jfmale King of A/omco and FejJ, aflifted by a number of Renegado Turks and Moors, muftered his Array r\Q2rSuz,, andadvanced to give his Uncle battle, but near Morocco many of his followers delerting him, and his horfemen in which his chief firength confift- ed. 558 The Ttirkjjh Hijlory. ed, being overthrown near to Alarach he fled to 7«- and w’as there received into proteftion by the Governour, from whence he fent diners of his Fa- vourites and followers to Confl ant treble to pray the ^ Grand Seigniors aid againfl; his Uncle, who as he al-* ledged unjuftly detained thofe Kingdoms, but he be- ing a Prince of no Fortune, and lefs power, he no- thing prevailed therein, yet his Rebellion proved ad- vantagious to the Garrifon of Tangier^ the Moors being thereby diverted, whilft the EngUjh rebuilt ma- ny of their Foits ruined a few months before, and were dilincumbered of thofe troublefome neighbours, who had folong beleagured them, nay more in the end, it occalioned a firm and lafting peace. The French Merchants Trading in the Levant, ha- ving fuftained great dammage by the Pirates of Tri^ poly, and amongft other Veflels the Santa Sophia, la- den at Alicant with Salt and Spanijh Wool on her way lo Fenice, a great brigantine bound for and a Petach of Ragw, &c. to fevenge that injury, and reduce thofe Tarkijh Pirates to obedience, feveral Ships and Gallies were fitted out at MarfeHes, under the command of the Barron oi Qjijfne, who com- ing before the Port of Trtpoly fent his Boat on fhoar, and in it feveral Officers, in the Name of the moll Chriftian King, to demand Reflitution for the dam- mages fuftained by the French Merchants, but receiv- ing no other anfwer then that of the Cannon from the Caflles that guard the Port, he caufed the boat to be haled hack, and with many broad Tides fired upon the Town, but by reafon of the diflance did no confiderable dammage, but whilft he was cruzing, he had notice that feven Tripolean Men of War rid at Anchor in the Port of Scio, or Chios, an Ifland belonging to the Grand Signior, whereupon he flood away from the Coaft oi^Barbary, and failed thither upon The TurhjJJ} Hijlory. 359^ upon whofe approach the Turks flipped their An- chors, and fnugged dole under the Caftle, where notwithftanding they were miferably torn by the Ihot from the French Gallies, which their Admiral perceiving put out a Flag of Truce, and offered to deliver without ranfom all the French flaves that were on board, with two prizes he had lately taken, but the Barron would not hearken to thefe offers, well knowing they could not efcape him, yet not thinking it iafe to venture too near the flioar, he blocked them up;, andfentto Tripoly to let the Go- vernour underftand what danger their Ships were in, and that nothing could deliver them out of his hands , but latisfaftion for the wrongs fuftained, and a delivery of all the French Captives ranfom free, and immediately to conclude a peace, but receiving no fatisfadory anfwer , he refolutely entered the Port with his Gallies, and after having beaten down a great part of the Caftle, and demoliflied many ftately Edifices, he funk two of the Ships, took one, and fired the reft, in which Adion he loft but Thir- ty of his Men, but of the Turks there perilhed Eight Hundred. This News made known to the Grand Vifier, he inftantly fent for the French Ambaflador refiding at Conftantinopley and after having rated him, and ie- verely threatned him with death, unlefs reparation was fpeedilymade for thedammage fuftained in the Grand Seigniors Port, he caufedhim to be confined, imprifoninglikewife many of his fervants, nor could he obtain his Releafe till he had purchafed his peace at the price of Three Hundred Pnrfes of Money, each Purfe being accounted Five Hundred Dollars, yet the lofs of thefe Ships wrought fuch effeds, that the Tripoles foon after concluded a peace vath the French. Mat- I ^6o The TurkiJJ} Hjjlory. Matters being at this pafs, and the troubles in- creafing in Hmgary ^ Count Teckely ftill oppofing himfelf againfl the Emperors Intereit, and ui'eing his utmoft endeavours at the Port to have himfelf pro- claimed Prince of Franpylvama-, the Emperor thought good to fend an Ambaffador to the Grand Seignior to put him in mind of the league between the two Empires, defiring that it might be kept inviolable, not any ways infringed by his giving countenance to his Rebels in Hungary-, which Ambaffador upon his arrival had his Audience of the Grand Vilier, and a promife made him, that a ftrid; command fhould be fentto all his ^eglerbegs 2X[(\ Sanz.acks on the fron- tiers, not upon pain of lofing their heads to aid or countenance the Male-contents, and being afterwards with the Grand Vilier, he alfured him that the Grand Seigniors refolution Ihould be maintained, that there- by the peace and friendfhip Eftablifhed between the two Empires might continue, yet thefe fpecious pretences were to no other end intended then to protrad time, to make their own terms with the Rebels, for loon after without the leaft provocati- on the Tables were turned, and not only alTifted them with all manner of Warlike provilion, but with Men and Money, in confideration of feveral Towns to be put into their hands when taken j They likewife made great preparations at Belgrade and Buda under pretence of depofing Abafti Prince of Tranfylvania-, and c2.vSin^ aftrong City near the battering it for many days with twelve pieces of Cannon, carrying the out-work by ftorm, bot perceiving his Camp an- noyed by the fhot from the City ^ into which Count Sirafoldo had put Five Hundred Men he re- moved his Battery to a fmall Hill which comman- ded it, and from thence playing furioufly, he beat down a great number of Houfes, and layed open a great breach in the Wall, which obliged the befieged after many Sallies, and a refolute defence to capi- tulate for their Lives and 1 iberties which were granted, and leave given for as many as would, to take iervice under his Enfigns, but whilft the Soul- diers haflily entered, whether of purpofe , or by chance, a Mine near the breach took Fire, and blew up feveral of the I'eckeleyaas^ which fo inraged them, that they fell upon the Garrifon , and put many of them to the Sword e’re their fury could be flayed j the Citizens to redeem themfelves from being plun- dred, payed Fifty Thou hand Crowns, and two days after Efpiers furrendred to the Count. During this Aftion, the Balia befieged Zathwar^ whidi after divers attempts they carryed by force, putting many to the Sword, and carrying away a confiderable number of all Sex and Ages into mife- rable captivity. Count Tcfkeley upon this fuccefs, lent Summons from his Camp near Lewemz,-, to furamon the Hunga- rian Nobility to appear in Arms, but by the Indu- stry of the Miniders, he failed for the mofl partinhisexpeftation, few obeying his Orders, yet many of the inferiour rank came to increale the number of his Forces j upon notice of which Count CaprarUf The IkrkijJ} HiJlofj, 367 CAprara-, and Count StrafoUo joyned their Forces, and‘ marched to oppofe the Torrent e’re it fwelled too high. The Emperor lent likewiie an Exprefs to the Palatine of Hungary to raife the Ban and Areirban of that Kingdom, and to march with all fpeed againlt the 7 ur\t^ who had pafled the Waa^^ and caufed the Governourof Chafcaw to bt imprifoned, as being ac- cufed of not having defended that City to Extremi- ty, and now the Armies being within view of each other, there was great expectations that the Ifliie would have been a foughten Field, but it proved otherwife^ for after fome light skirmiihes had paft, the Imperialifts finding themfelves too weak, quit- ted their Camp at Htfoly and retired toward St. Croix^ which fo difcouraged the Garnfon in Lewentz.y that they abandoned it, and retired to places of greater ilrength, fo that it became a prey to the Enemy. All this while the Turks having befieged T'lllecke, after diners Afiaults and great daughter of their Men, had it delivered into their hands on the Six- teenth ot* September j the Garrifon making articles of furrender without the content of the Governour, who upon his refuting to lign the capitulation, was made a Prifoner of War, and the Turks unwilling to put this Fortrefs into the hands of the Hungari- ans^ as by Articles was agreed ^ and on the ocher fide the Hungarians being loath that the Turks ftiould poficfs fo Itrong a place in the heart of the Kingdom i it for fome time occafioned great contell, but in the end both parties concluded to demolifh it, which was accordingly done. During thefeTranfaCtions, his Imperial Majefties Embalfador at the Port was flattered with a pro- mile of renewing the League betv/een the tw'o Em- pires, and conducted to his Audience with the ufual A a a 2 Cere- ^68 The TttrkjJJd HiJlorj. Ceremonies, which was only to protrad time till the .Turks had poflelled themlelves of fuch ftrong places as might render them formidable, and give 'them hopes of annexing all Hungary to the Otto- man Empire; but the German Princes perceiving their drift, fent feveral of their own Troops to reinforce the Imperial Army under the Command of Count Caprara-, with whom the Count Strofoldo re- fuling to joyn, in order to give the Turks Battle near Lewemz:^ fell into the Emperors high difplea- fure being fent for to Vienna, and for a while is fu- fpended, but upon his fubmilTion was again reflo- red to favour. Winter approaching. Count Teckely lent Four HulTars to Count Caprara^ to procure of him a paf- port for the fafe palTage of fuch Deputies as he in-, tended to lend to the Emperor to treat of a Truce which Hullars were by the Counts exprefs Command Imprifoned till fuch time his Imperial Majellies plea- fure was known therein j but in the end tljey were releafed, and the Deputies permitted to pafs un- controuled, when after many debates a Truce was ccmcludcd for two Moneths , whereupon Count Teeklcy by realbn of the DilFerencc between him, and the Prince of Tranfylvania retired with the greateft part of his Troop to a ftrong place, which together with fome others in dowrie with the Prin- cels Ragotski, whom this year he had married. The Turks for the molt part Wintered in Temefwar^ Bh^ da, and New Haufel, and the Imperialifls on the Fron- rires of Jlnfiria, and fo ended the Campaign for this year. ^■^nno 16S3. Early in the Spring, the Imperialijls and Turks taking the Field, and feveral skirmilhes happening between parties, with various fuccels,. The Count Wallajiain, his Imperial Majefties Mini- The Turk iff) Hiflory. 5^9 fter reliding in the Polonia?) Court, dealt lb efFedlual- ly with that King, that he rcfolving no longer to fit /till, and fee the Infidels and Rebels infult over his Neighbouring Countries, on the fecondof ^pnl^ purfuant to a treaty on foot figned an alliance with the Emperor, by which he obliges himfelf to take the Field with between Thirtyand Forty Thoufand Horle and Foot, to ad offenfively againit the Tmks-, and defenlively againft all other enemies to the Ger- Empire, in conlideration of which, the Empe- ror binds himfelf to have an Army of Sixty Thou- fand Men in readynefs upon all occalions, immedi- ately to pay Twelve Hundred Thoufand Florins, and that himfelf, and the Queen Dowager of Poland dif- claim all Pretenfions to the Cuown of Poland-^ and that neither Potentate enter into a treaty with the Turks tending to Peace, but Vv'ith a joynt approba- tion ^ And that both Armies ad feparate, unlefs Cra- cow or Vienna be befieged, and then \vith United Forces to fall upon the Enemy, into which Alliance it is expeded the Czar of Mufeovy will fnortly enter to revenge the outrages done him by the Turks and Tartars^ who fince the late Divilions have made di- vers incurlions into his Countries- This Alliance made known to the Grand Seigniour greatly perplex- ed him, infomuch that he lent orders to all the Baf- fa’s, Begs or Sanz.acks 0^ Europe j to raile what For- ces they could to attend him in the Field, himfelf refolving inftantly to march to Belgrade^ whither the Great Vifier with an Army of 60000 Horle and Foot marched before to joy n vdth the Tartars^ un- der the leading of Tartar Han or Cham, and then to cover fuch places as Count Teckely (who now feem-s jealous of the Turks) lhall be liege. The better to take meamres for the carrying on the War, his Imperial Majelly on the 8th. of April A a a 3 called 370 The TurkiJI) JTijiory. called a Council of War at ienna, where it was conr eluded that the Duke of fhould be Generdif- fimtu of all the Forces on that fide, and the raeafures concluded on were thefe, thar the Imperial Army the third of AU.y fhould mufler near J'refhurg^ to the number of 40000 men ^ That General Schutz. fhall with 7000 men, joyn with 6000 Poujh Horfe alrea- dy on their march, under the command of the Prince Lubomcrskt-) and that the Hungarian troops in con- junction with thofe, making a body of 25000 men ad in the upper \{migary^ and another body of dooo Incamp near LeopaijUdt on the iVaag^ and in cafe they find the Turks have a delign upon that place, to put themfelves into it, and bcfides thefc 10 or 1 2000 men to be polled on the confines of Moravia and Silefia^ to fecur& thofe Countries againft the in- curfionof the Enemy. This being the date of the Imperial Army defign- ed againft the Turks, and Hungarian Rebels Count Tec^ey the better to fecure himfelf and reinforce his Army fent out fummons to the Nobility once more to be in Armes and as occafion ferved to oppofe the Imperalifts, but moft of themfeemed unwilling to comply therein as abhorring to bear Armes againft their Lawful Soveraign. Whiift matters were thus carryed on that fide the Kiag of has obliged himfelf toaflift theEm- perour with feven thoufand Horfe and Foot, four thoufand of which he intends to raife in G ermany^ and the reft in his own Countries, hor will the Eledcr of Bavaria who is in all likelihood fhortly to marry th^ Emperors Daughter, be wanting to fend his Forces againft the common Enemy. ' The King of the better tocompleat the Quota, he intends to fummon the Arrearban of that Kingdom, all the Nobility fhewing a ready complL ■ ' ance The Tur^i^j Hijiory, 971 ance to attend in the Wars, his Army to the number of thirty thoiiiand muftering near Leoyol he advan- ced againft the Turks, who made divers incurfions into his Territories on the a party of whom advancing too far he cut off killing three hundred and taking a like number of Prifoners, and follow- ing the fuccefs of his Arms, he is preparing to be- fiege Giw;»ifde,a ftrongFortrefs taken from the Poles by the Turks fome years before, and lent an Exprefs to Count Teckley to inform him of the Alliance made with the Emperor, and to let him know that unlels he does immediately make Peace with his Imperial Majefty, he lhall be obliged to treat him as an Enemy. Thefe xMenaces caufed Teckley to draw up his Troops with great diligence, and fend immediately to the Vilier of Buda for fuch Forces as by the Grand Signeours appointment were to joyn him, that he might the better be able to defend himfelf till the grofs of the Ottoman Army (reported to confift of one hundred and fifty thoufand men) could arrive, and immediately difpatched his Secretary to the Em- perors Court to crave a truce, but the propofels were fo infignificant that he nothing prevailed For the Emperor in perfon having been at the Ran- dezvous near Presburg in Hungarian was fo well fa- tisfied with the order of his men that he altogether contemned the Forces of the Enemy. Yet to ap- pear like himfelf he caufed a general Pardon a third time to be publiflicd indemnifying all Hungarians and Germans, that have been adually in Armcs againll him, and any ways concerned in the Hungarian Kq- bellion both in Perfon and Eftate, in conlideration of their fpeedy fubmiffion and obedience for the fu- ture, upon which many layed down their Armsard made an ingenuous acknowledmentof their difobedi- A a a 4 eiice 372 The Turkjjl) HiJlorj!, ence to the Palatine whom the Emperour impowred to receive their fubmilHons. About this time a Crotian having put himfelf into the fervice of the Turks at Zigeth^ a ftrong Garri- fon on that Frontiers, and inlinuated himfelf into their confidence he put what he had before defigned in praftice, which was to fet their Magazine on Fire, and having fucceeded therein made his efcape dur- ing the general conllernation thereby occafioned. This Magazine Itored with all manner ofProvilions as well as warlike Furniture, was computed fuffici- ent for the maintenance and furnifhing thirty thou- iand men for the fpace of two years, which the Turks defirous to fave, flocked about it to extin- guilh the flame but to their fatal coft, for the pow- der confining of two thoufand Barrels taking fire, deflroyed five hundred of them, and beat down moffc of the houfes in the City, renting in funder the walls in divers places, the blow being heard 6 leagues di- llant from that place. The Duke of Lorrain having been to take a view of Rab and Comorra^ on the dth of Ma) returned to the Army, at what time it was greatly augmented by voluntary fupplies, who not able to fee their bleeding Country over run by barbarous infidels , whilfl; they flood unconcerned for its defence, joyn- ed with their Lawful Sovereign to oppofe the com- ing tempefl of deflrudtive foes, willingly joyned in the defence of the Chriflian caufe, which a few rafh men, under pretence of Confcience, though indeed out of an ambitious defire of Sovereignty, have ex- pofed them to all the calamities that attend on mile- rable War. The Grand Vifier arriving with part of the Om- 7nan Forces at Belgrade^ the place appointed for the General Rendezvous, the Grand Seignior on x\itioth. > ‘ ' of The TnrkiJI} Hijlory. 575 of Jprilkt forth from Adrimple, attended by a nu- merous train of his great Officers, and 80000 z.artes.y Spahies., Timariots, Jlfaphies^ and Others inu- red to the Turkifh Wars, and by Ipeedy marches came to the place appointed, though by reafon of the txceffive rains and noyfom vapours thereby occa- lioned, 6000 of his men periffied by the way, nor fared that part of the Army the great Vifier lead much better, for paffing the Drav^s many of the Souldiers were drowned, and much of the baggage loft. The roloniartK\n% delirous to bring Count Teckely over to the Emperours intereft, lent an Agent to treat with him about a Reconciliation, to hearken to which at firft he feemed inclinable, but upon pref- ling the matter more home, it appeared he did it only to gain time, till he could joyn with the Tisr- tars^ which the Vilierof Bada had affigned to aft; in conjunction with him in the upper Hungary^ but part of the imperial Troops not to give him that oppor- tunity, under the command of Major General Schutz.y have pofted themfclves between him and the Nieflevy which the Tartars who march in two bodies muft pafs before they can enter that part of Hungary y who a little before their taking, that poll had de- feated a party of Turks belonging to the Garrifon of Ncwheufely killing 7000, and taking 200 Prifon- ers *, The Polifl) Troops of Voluntiers on the Banks of Danubiniy meeting with 5000 Tartars-, the fore- runners of the Army overthrew them, killing loco of them, and forcing the reft to take the River, in paffing which moft of them periffied, which fuccels fo heightned the Poles, that purfuing their good for- tune they pafled the River, at a place fordable they fell in with a Turkiffi Convoy of <5oo Mules, laden with Provifion and Ammunition, going to the Camp at 574 TheT'urkjJJ) Hijlnry, at Belgrade., which they took and converted to their own ufe, killing and putting to flight fuch as had the charge of them, upon notice of which the Poloaian King, , to appear more formidable to the Turks-, Tar., tars and Hmgarrian Rebels, Commanded 2 new Regi- ments to be raifed, one at the charge of his Queen, and the other at the charge of Prince Alexander his EldeftSon, himfelf allotting out of his Patrimonial Eftate 100000 Crowns to be diftributed amongft his Army, and to raife 800 Hajfars expert at handling Laimces. On the I ith. of May the Imperial Army after ha- ving Randizvouzed at Preflmrg, palTing from Keifer marched tovv-ards, and incamped between that For- trefs and Cemorra to obferve the motions of the Turks, who wereimbodyed near Newhaafel to the number of 15000, daily expediing a detachment of the Viliers Army upon its march to joyn with them, the Vilier at the fame time being incamped at Greukz ^eijfen- harg, expeding the arrival of the Grand Seignior, who was fomedays marching behind. During thefe proceedings Tecke'y fuddenly colled- ing his Troops, layed liege to the ftrong Caftle of Bomxvitz., in which was the Barron Joannel with a Garrifonof 2^9 Ifnperia’ijis and Hungarians, yet af- ter a furious battery with 8 pieces of Cannon, he made himfelf mailer of that important place, making the Governour and the Germans found therefn Pri- foners of War, when to prevent his further proceed- ings on that fide, the Pallatine of Plungaria received orders to joyn Major General Schutz,, who had palled the kVaag to meet the Prince of Lubomerski, who ad- vanced with the 6ooo Polonian Horfe before menti- oned, whereupon the Vilier of Buda fummoned Count Teckely to joyn the I'urkifh Troops under his com- mand, which he refufed to do, making feveral pre- tences The TurhiJJy HiJiorj, 375 tenccs to exxufe it of which the King of Poland ta- king notice fent a Letter to the Count to advife him to quit the engagement he has with the Turks, (which in conciuhon will turn to his ruin) and make his peace with' the Emperour, whilfi: his free grace is offered him the which had fiich an effedual ope- ration that many were of opinion he would have clofed with the Imperial offered Grace, but after fome debate and new incouragement from the Grand Signior, herefolvedto perlift in his rebellious purpofe of oppoling the Emperours intereff, where- upon the Duke of Lorrain who has abfolute power to zCt as he fees convenient for the advantage of the Empire, lent orders to the Palatine to draw dowh his Troops and intrench himfelf on the banks of the Waagj tofecure the paffes where the River is Ford- able, as likewife to the Vice-Roy of Crotia to raile new Forces for the increafe of thofe already under his command, and to keep diligent watch upon the Frontires of that Province to prevent any incurlions. About this time Zathmer was regained, and young Count (true Heir to the valour of his immor- tal Anceftors) appointed Governour thereof wdiich has put the Turks out of all hopes of recovering it. The Duke of Lorrain having notice that the Turks were imbodying themfelves near Cran^ railed his Camp on the 24th. of May and marched towards them,refolving to give them Battle before the Grand Vilier(who together with the of the Janizaries, was on his march) could arrive in thofe parts, ha- ving for that purpofe ftored his Army wjthallne- cellary Provifion and Ammunition lent up the Danu- hittsln boats from Vienna, but during thefe prepara- tions the Turks had fo ffrongly lodged themfelves upon the Counterfearp to the number of 2 5000, that bethought it not convenient to attack them in their ftrength, 37^ 'The THrk.jfi fJiJlory. ' I ftrength, but having made a detachment of r 3 men I commanding them to pafs the Damhius^ and inveft 1 Nevffhaufel a ftrong place about 2 Leagues from Ko~ I mora-, whilfl the reft of the Army followed in good 1 order, with a train of 80 pieces of Artillery, moft ‘ of which carry bullets, of between 30 and 40 pounds weight , which made Count Teckeley draw off to- ^ wards Tokay^ ftill declining to joyn the Turks un- : der the command of the Vifier of Enda^ infomuch > that the Bafla of Off en fearing to be expofed to the f Fury of the Imperialifts lent a Meflenger to the Duke ^ of Lorrain to propofe a Ceffation of Arms for 1 4 days, which the Duke would in no wife hearken to, as • well knowing it was but to protrad the time till a : greater power arrived in Hungary^ and when it was urged that the Grand Signeour intended to obferve the Peace with the Emperor, till the prefixed was expired, but the Duke replyed that the Turks by their unjuft Hoftilities and manifeft outrages had | broken it long fince, fo that now they muft expeft a no other favour then the Sword would allow them, ] whereupon he difpatched orders to Count Carrara to batter Newhaufd refolving to carry it by ftorm, if it fhould fail to be delivered by capitulation hav-^ ing already overthrown a party belonging to that Garrifon, who were .returning from ravaging the Country laden with great booties, upon which fuc- cefs 2 parties were fcnt out to burn the Bridges of Grat7^ and which they fuccefsfully attempted burning the former, and poflefling themfelves of the latter, guarded by 700 Turks, moft of which were killed or taken prifoners. The Count His Imperial Majefties Ambaf- fador at the Port, is by order of the Grand Signeour looked narrowly after, not differing much from a confinement, leaft during thefe Hoftilities he fhould with- 77je Tur^ijh Hijlory. 577 withdraw himlelf, nor could the interceflion of the Lord Shandois His Majefty of Great Brittains AmbaC- fador refiding at the Port on his behalf remove the fufpition conceived, &c. Thus far having related im- partially the fuccefs of the Chriftian Armes againft I the Turks, I (hall leave them ingaged in a bloody I and doubtful War,andconcIuae io much of this years 'Gampaigne as to the 4th. of June^ i5»3- has occurred with an exad account of all the Imperial Forces. The Lift whereof take as followeth, The Emperor has in pay 27 Regiments of Foot, making together 5570c men, whereof 25296 follow the Duke 6f Lor- rain^ 4692 are appointed to fecure the upper Hunga- ry-, 204O polled at Jablnncka on the frontiers of Hun- gary,20^0 at Leoplfiadt on the Waag,^6^o in ^ufiria, 10^0 2.1 yienna, 139 12 in the Empire, 2,400 m Bohe- mia, 17 Regiments ofHorle making together 13500 men, 7 Regiments of Dragoons containing 5 600 men, & 4 Regiments of Croats making 32oo,whereofi52oo are at the Camp,8oo in the Upper Hungary, ^00 at Ja- blHncka,i/^oo 2t Leopolftadt, Soo in ylftjtria, and 2800 in the Empire. So that the general Lift of Horle and Foot Hands thus, viz., at the Camp 3 p695,in the Em- pire, 167 12 in the uitipcr Hung ary, ^31 making in all 78540 men not accounting the Hungarian Troops under the command of the Patatine-,nov: thofe in Crotia commanded by the Vice-Roy, nor the 6coo rolonian Horfe brought into the Emperours fervicc, by the Vvinztoi Lubornir ski, which in conjundlion will ren- der the Emperors total Forces no lefs then 100000 fighting men. The Turks Army together with the Tartars and Hungarians under the command of Count Teckley, being accounted no lefs then 25000Q. Bht thoH, 0 Lord, on whom all things depnd, Ingentlt Peace Lt thefe dire difcords end. * Or let firm Concord with the Cbrifiians dwell., T ) turn their Swards on the proud Itfld;!. A De 378 1 he TnrkjJij HiJiorj, CHAP. XXV. J DefcrijJtion of the Tower ^ Tolley^ ForceSy Te'VentieSy T^ltgioriy and Greatnefs of the Octoman Empire j and by what Means it fuhfjls and maintains its Grojideury See. HAving in the fuccinft Series of this Hiftory related j the Original of the Ottoman Empire) and its Growth from time to time, till it arrived to the vafi: , Extent it at this Day is found ^ I (hall now proceed to I give the Reader a View of the Grandeur of it, and by ' what means it is fupported, in the Defeription of the Grand Seignior s Port or Palace, Government, Officers, i Riches, Forces, Religion, and the like. ' The Turks origina'ly a People of Scythia) fuppofed to have fprung from the Ten Tribes carried into Cap- tivity, as is in the fonf.er Part of this Hiltory related, began their Second Empire in /^/ia under Othomany a- bout 1300 i andfpreading wide, eiitred Europe, fdzmg at length upon the pleafan: City of Confiantinnple, ex- pelling the Greeks Emperour, arid making it the Irrperial Seat of the Othoman Sultans, nov/ dignified by the Title of Grand Seigniors : A Defeription of which City, and ! of the Seraglio, or Imperial Port or Palace, take asfol- loweth. Cenfiaminople, built by Conftantine the Great, is accor- ding to the Opinion of many, fixteeen Miles in circuit, called by thc’Turks, Stambd or Stombolda ‘, the Sea bea- ring upon it on the North and South Tides, and on the Eaft The Turkjfl^ Hijlory. 57^ Eaft it is divided from by a large Channel, which runneth from the one Sea to the other, being feven Miles in length, called the Straights of Bofphorw. The City is built upon the declining of a Hill ^ for Buildings comparable to any in the World : But above all, beau- tified with feven Afofcjncs flanding upon feven little Hills, founded by feven of the Ottom.m Emperors \ of which, that of Sultan Solym.m is moft famous ■* And the S^ra- glio^ now made t\\t Grand Sag}:ior’s Palace, which is three Miles in cucuit, (landeth on the North fide, ha- ving on the one fide of it the Sea, and on the other the Haven •, the other two Parts being encompafied with the Building of the City. This Palace, Port, or Sera- glio, which you pleafe, Cfot all thefe Names it bears) has within it many Gardens, Oichards, Meadows, Woods, pleafant Groves, Fountains, and all things elfe that can render it delightful. The Entrance is through a Gate of Iron into a large Court, where on the left hand (lands a Building like a Tarhif^ Alofque-i which is ufed as a Store-houfe for Arms and Provifion ontheR-ight, arc feveral fair Gardens palazadocd in, from which they pafs to another Court, with a Gate like unto the for- mer; upon which hang many Targets, Scyinitars, and other Weapons of War, many Porters attending; through which they pafs into another large Court, plan- ted with <^/>r«j-Trees ; where many Deer are kept: which Court is furrounded with a Cloyfter, which is in length 680 Foot, and in breadth 500 ; paved with Marble, leaded over, and fupported by 140 Pillars of White and Gray Marble curioufiy wrought, (landing upon Bafis of Copper, with Capitals of the like Mct- tal. On the North fide (lands the Divano^ or Council- Houfe, where theCran^ E'lz.ier^ and fuch others as are by Grand Seignior appointed his Councellors, four times a Week, or oftner if Occafion require it, fit to confult the Important Affairs of the Empire ; to hear and 380 The TurJiiJf} Hijlory. and determine all Matters of Controverfie, and give Au- dience to Ambafladors, and other Forreign Minifters. \tit\i\s Seraglio Grand Seignior has many Cham- bers hung with Cloth of Gold> gilded Skins, and Ta^ peftries made of Silk and Gold \ wherein are lively reprefented the Wars of the Ottoman Emperonrs. His Lodging - Chamber is garnifhed with divers Precious Stones of great value ; and conftantly attending him fix young Men, who do Service in his Chamber, and watch his Perfon all Night, two and two by turns, with lighted Torches-, the one fitting at the Head, and the other at the Feet of his Bed : And when he attires him- felf, they put into his Pockets a thoufand ^fpars, and twenty Ducats of Gold ^ the which, if he does not di- ftribute that Day, at Night is their Fee ^ for he fel- dom or never puts on one Suit of Apparel twice ; and whenfoever he goes to Hunting, or any the like Ex- ercife, f befides the Money in his Pockets) his Cajnadar Baffa, or Chief Treafurer, follows him with great ftore of Money to give away : Of thefe fix Young Men, who are changed atPleafure, their Offices arediftin£t *, for the firft carries his Shoes, the fecond his Bow and Ar- rows, the Third his Veil, the fourth a VelTel with Wa- ter, the fifth his Seat, and the fixth, called Oda Bafuf is Head of the Chamber. He hath daily a great number of Perfons refident in his Palace, imployed in their feveral Charges 5 the chief of which are thefe : Firfi, The Capi Aga, by whom the Grand Seignior fpeaks to fuch as have any Important Bsfinefs -, for ho Ambaffador can be admitted to his Prefence, but at his firft Arrival, when he delivers his Letters of Credit and Prefents : But if afterward any matter arifes, he muft addrefshimfdf to the Capi Aga, is thi Grand Fiz,i^ er-i or hts Subftitute. ' s Secondly The TutiJ/Jj HrJlorj. 581 Secondly-, The Cafnadar Bajfa-, or Chief Treafurer of the Houfhold. ' Thirdly., The Chilergi Bajfa-, or Chief Cup-Bearer. Fonrthly-, The Seragli Figafy Steward or Mafter of the Houihold. Fifthlyy The Chiller -^gafiy or Seraider Baffa, Over- feerof the of Concubines j who is always an FnnHch. Sixthly and laftly. The Boflangi Bafjay or Chief Gar- diner •, who is Captain of the Jamoglans, and fteers the Grand Seigniories Barge. When ever he goes by Water, he hath a Frotogero or Lieutenant, and many Gardiners, to attend him, which are called Bojlangi ; who arc fre- quently lifted in the number of Jamz.ariesy when fitted thereto by hard Labour, &c. Thefe Six Officers have no Authority out of the Se- raglio y yet the greateft Bafta’s fear them, for that they being always near the Emperour, frequently incenfe him againft them to their Deftrudion. Near unto the G rand Seignior'*s Perfon, are common- ly fix Mutes, Men born both Deaf and Dumb, with whom he makes himfelf Paftime. There are found likewife about thirty four more of the fame T ribe, which he keeps as Executioners of his W’rath •, for upon the leaft Command, they will ftrangle the greateft Bafla of the Court, or otherwlfe make him away, it being their frequent Praftice. Within the Seraglio are kept to the number of five hundred, fuch Youths as are taken up for Tribute-Chil- dren in and other Parts of the Empire;, all Sons of Chriftians, who taken young from their Parents, are inftrufted and brought up in divers Arts and taught more efpecially to manage all forts of Weapons, and to be perfeft in the Mahometan Superftition y few of them being above eight Years of Age at their firft En^ trance. Of thefe, fome they make Janiz.aries ( others B b b are 583 TurkiJIj Hijlory. are preferred to Offices of Truft, and come to great Preferment : But none of them may, on Pain of Death, ftir out of the Seraglio, till the Snltan thinks them of a fit Age, and efficiently qualified for his Service. He has in like manner eighty Mutaferache, or Launce-Bea-- rers, who carry his Launce ; and are fubjedt to the Com- mand of none but himfelf. He hath in continual pay a thoufand Eunuches, whonr the Turki c^all Hundurni ; many of v./hich are imployed to attend his Virgins and Concubines in the Seragl en They are not only deprived of their Genitors, but in their Youth they have their whole Privities fmoothed off by their Bellies ; And in their TuAants they bear a Silver Qiiil! or Crue, through which they evacuate their Urine. This Inhuman Barbarity was firft commanded by Solytnan the Magnificent, who grew jealous of them upon his obferving a Gelding back a Mare •, gathering from thence, that his Eunuches though they had loft their Genitor, might yet dalliance with his Females. The Seraglio of Women is within the Palace, in which are conftantly five hundred Virgins, the choiceft ’ Beauties that can be procured, being all Daughters to ; Chriftians, taken from their Parents when they are a- > bout eight Years of Age or under •, none above are ad- ; mitted, left they fhould be debauched e’re they enter, j Thefe are brought up to curious Works: And when j at any time the Grand Seignior is defirous to have any ! of them brought to his Bed, he the Day before gives notice to the Captain of the Eunuches ; who commands thofe under him to put them in order, and array them in their beft Attire. Which done the Grand Seignior-, attended by the faid Captain, walking between them as they ftand demurely in row'es on Cither Hand ; and where he likes, drops his Handkerchief, of which be has many hanging at his Girdle ; which the Eunuches that follow, obferving, put her ^or asmany ashisPlea- ftire Th^ Itirkjp^ Hip or j, 585 fur-e is to fignlfie by fuch Tokens) into a Coach, and carry them to his Lodgings ; where they are gorgeouf- ly attired, and ufed as he has occafion for them: Af- ter which they return, not to the Seraglio of the Virgins, but have other Lodgings appointed them. And when by reafonof the Failure of Tribute- Virgins, the Sera- glio grows empty, they purchafe the Faireft they can find in the Market of Confiantinople^ whither they are brought to be fold as Slaves. Another Seraglio there is, in which the Grand Seigni^ or keeps his Sultanas or Snltane/fes, and their Chiidr en ; as likewife, fuch other Concubines, of whom for his de- light he hath chofen from amongft the Virgins. Fie never marries ; but when any one is brought to his Bed fide, he gives her a Golden Head-tire, and ten thoufand of- fers ; caufing her to live apart, daily increafing her Main- tenance. The firft that bears him a Child, is called the Sultana or Saltanefs^ and is accounted Miftrefs of the reft of his Women ^ and by him, for the moft parr, beft beloved. The reft that hath been brought to his Bed, and with whom he hath dallianced, are returned back to their feveral Apartments, there to expeft the Ifllie •, and if they prove not with Child, then are they given in Marriage to his Slaves •, whom for their fakes he advances to great Dignity, for the moft part He hath three hundred Sollacchiy who march conti- nually about his Perfon, and make fas it w'cre) his Guard, being under the Command of the Jga of the Janix.aries \ all of them attired in Linnen-Garments hanging down beneath their Knees ^ and over them quilted Waft-Coats, with half Sleeves of Taffety, Da- mask, or Sattin \ and on their Heads Caps and Feathers, carrying Bows and Arrows. There are another fort of Foot-men, called Pj^hi-, w'onderful fwift of Foot ^ whom he imploys in toe nature of Lacquies, or Foot- Pofts j being attired in Cloth of Gold, v/ith a Girdle B b 2 of 584 TheTnrI\ijj3 Hijhry. of the fame tyed faft about them ; upon their Heads wearing Caps like Butter-pots ; with a Silver Pike (lan- ding out before, in the nature of a Horn. The Porters of the Court, that give Attendance there, are four thoufand •, and are attired like the Janiz^arieSi having over them three Capigi Bajf.i's. The Grand SeigrAor's Power is fo abfolutc, and his Government fo tyrannical, that his Subjects termthem- felves his Slaves none of them being fure of his Life or Goods beyond his Pleafure ; for without any Try- al or Procefs, he puts to Death whom it pleafeth him, unlefs reftrained by the Souldiers, who often refeue their Minions out of his Hands, and oblige him to par- don them. Their Sutes are few, and thofe very (hort, they rare- ly being permitted the Favour of Advocates to procra- ftinate Matters from coming to a fpeedy Refult •, tho’ commonly he who can bribe mod, fares the bed ; For the Turks arc of all Nations the mod Avaricious, doing no Man a Kindnefs unlefs they arefee’d ; though they have the lead Certainty of any People, to keep what they have gotten, all ( as is aforefaid) being at the Dif- pofal of the Prince. They punifh Crimes with great Severity, and fo fpeedily, that it is obferved that fel- dom any Theft or Murthcr is committed* by any pri- vate but what Outrages do happen in the City, or elfewhere, are committed commonly by thcGreci^ ans, and thofe that are not of the Progeny of the Turks. The Grand Seignior's Chief CounCellor is the Great I'lzier ; who wears his Signet, and is diled his Lieu- tenant ; every Divano-day giving him an exaft Account what is faid and done : Nor dare he didemble in ought ; for that the C rand Seignior has a Window, from whence he can fee and hear, and yet nc#be feen himfelf ; which Whndow looks into the Divano. When this Fiz,ier is fent The Ti/rkiJI) Hijlory. 585 Tent abroad, which never happens unlefs to be General of an Army, or upon fomcfuch like important Qcca- fion ; at what time he appoints his Lieutenant to offla- ate in his Abfence, who is called the Chimacham. Next unto the Eafjas^ (of which there are ma- ny difperfed throughout the Empire, to manage the Af- fairs thereof) are the Beglerbegs^ or Lords of Lords ; They are Men of great Authority, and have the Com- mand of great Kingdoms and Armies; under whofe O- bedience are divers Safjz.adis^ which arc fent as Gover- nors into Provinces, during the Princes Pleafurc •, being Men of great Experience *, for the moft part, comman- ding over the Spahi Siud Timariots^ the Turks chief Horf- men, whom they continually exerdfe to render them the more expert. The Chief of thefc Beglerhegs, is the Beglerbeg of ~Romama oxCrecia^ under whofe Com- mand are twenty one Safiz.acks '■> next to him is the Beg- lerbeg of Buda^ who hath under his Command thirteen Sanz^acks : The Beglerbeg of Temefwar has under his Command eight Sanzacks : The Beglerbeg of Bofna hath under his Command nine Sanzacks : I'he Be^!erbeg(^hp of Cofe or Capha-, who refideth in Baurica Cherfenefus^ and commandeth over the Sanzacksnezx unto the great River ^ anais^ and the Fenns of ABsotis, which was at firft but a Sanzackjldp, and depended upon the Begler- begfhtp of Grecia \ and is indeed rather a Beg/erhegJJjip in Name, than in Pow^. Thefc Bea lerbeg s-, or Lords of Lords, great Governours of the Turkilh Empire in Europe^ befidcs the Sanzacks-> have under their Com- mand 257000 Timariots or Horfe-men, who are bound for certain Lands alotted them by the Grand Seignior, out of his Conquefts, to ferve in the Wars upon ail Oc- cafions. The Beglerbegs^ or Great Commanders of the Turk's Empire in are thirty in number ; under whom are a proportionable number of Sanzacksy and not lefs than B b b 3 40COQO 5 S 6 The Turk iJJ) Hr ft ory. 400000 Ttmariots. The Beglerbegs commanding the Turk's Empire in jifrica^ arc four ^ and have under them fourteen Sanz^acks^ and fixty two thoufand Tima- riots. Befides thefe T'/w^r/er-Horfemen, there are the Spahi., who are for the mod: part Eurepeans-y being fuch as were brought up in their Infancy, or taken Captive : As likewife, SpachoglanimsySih^ariansy and Olofagians ^ who have likewife Lands, or Annual Penfions afligned them ; for which they are bound to ferve in the Wars : for no Man in the Ottoman Empire can have, any Lands, or Yearly Revenues that way, but muft be ready, or fend others in his feead ; it being held, that the whole Empire in Fee fimplc, is the Grand Seigniors : No Man being permitted to buy or injoy any Lands longer, than it plcafes his Prince : Nor can any one claim a Pro- priety to a Foot, ufilefs by the Donation of the Grand Seignior, rrhis Adignmcnt; and that laft, at longcfl:, but during the Natural Life of him, to whom it is fo given or alTigned. Thefe Horfemen march under a white Banner, being armed with ftrong Coats, Bows, and Arrows, Culevcrings, Scymitars, and Battle Ax- es. Another fort of Horfemen there are, called Cartpices, not exceeding eight hundred , who ftill ride near the Grand Seignior, as his Life-guard, in the middle of the Battalion of the Janizaries ^ and are the beft Horfe- men accounted of all others, being f for the moft part) Sons of the Great Commanders. As for his Foot Forces, the chief Strength confifts of Janizariesy who are Children taken from their Chri- ftian Parents, and inured in their Youth to all manner of Hardfhip, taught all the life of Arms, and trained up in all Warlike Difciplinc, till they are adjudged fit to be inrolled for the War. Thefe are taken up in Europe^ no Children born either in or Africa being admitted into their Seminary. Thefe Men al- ways The TurkiJ!) ITJl ory. 387 ways inclofe the Perfon o( the Grand Seignior at what time he marches with his Army; and are the lafl: that fight, unlefs urgent Neceffity require it. They wear white Caps, carry HarquibuflTes, and (harpScymitars ; who fince their fird Inftitution have been the chief Sup- porters of the Thrkli^} Empire-, but of late they are much degenerated from their former Difeipline, giving themfelvcs up wholly to Eafe and PleaPare ; yet keep themfelves in good order, for the mod part. There remains twenty four thoufand of them in CmJlaMimple, and a far greater number in divers Places of the Empire. They are commanded by their or Captain, to whom nothing is fo fatal as their Love for him ; for then the Grand Seignior has him in midruft, and well is it if he be not made away. They deep together in great Halls, their Beds being placed on cither fide ^ and all thofe of a Squadron feed at one Table -, the Younger ever ferve the Elder ; And if any one of them be abfent from his Lodging in the Night, unljfsupon publickoccafion, then is he the next day fcvcrely cud- gelled, and neverthclefs obliged to k fsthe Hand that beat him. Their Imploys are different in time of Peace ^ for fome waft upon Ambafiadors, others upon Mer- chants and Confuls, others again upon fuch as travel through the Turktf} Empire. They likewife arreft Ma- lefaftors, and fee good Order kept, being feared of all Men; infomuch that if they buy anything, they will have it at their own Price, the Vender not daring to re- fufe it. They have great Power in their Princes Ele- ction ; no Emperour thinking himfelf fafe in his Throne, till they approve of him : So that to gain their good Opinion, every new Emperour at his entring upon the Government, diftnbutes large Sums of Money amongfl them, and increafes their Stipends. Though the chief Strength of the Foot For- ces refts in the Jamz.aries ; yet are there another fort B b 4 ofi 588 The TnrkjJI} Hijiory. of Foot-Men, called Acouices ^ which is a Forlorn Hope. Thefc receive no Pay, but have free liberty to plun-? der \ fo that they deliver the fifth Part to the Grand Seigniour. Another kind there are, called who are but of fmall Account, and rather ufed as Pioneersy than to encounter the Enemy \ yet are they often thruft into the Front of the Battle, with their Bodies to blunt the Enemies Swords, or to fcale the Walls of Towns ; that by being flaughter’d, their Dead Bodies may fill up the Ditches, and fo give the Janiz^aries opportuni- ty on their Dead Carkafies to mount the BulKvarks. The Grand Seignior keeps in continual Pay fix thou- fand Gunners, whom the Turks call Topegi ^ and for the Guard of the Powder and Shot, upon the March of the Army, twelve thoufand Men are kept in pay, cal- led Jebeyi. The Grand Seignior hath likewife certain Officers at- tending on him, to the number of three thoufand, whom they call Chiaus *, which aft in the Nature of Serjeants at Arms. Thefe Men are well efteemed, and are often employed in Embaffies to Forreign Princes : They al- fo carry Letters or Commendations from the Grand Seignior, or his Chief Vizier ^ and are impower’d to apprehend Malefaftors : But never go to the Wars, un- lefs the Grand Seignior be there in Perfon. They are commanded by a Chiaus Baffa y who is of fuch Credit with all Men,that when he is feat by the Grand Seignior to any Bajfay Sanzack-, or Caddiy to have any Man’s Head cut off, though he have no Warrant in writing, yet his Authority is not difputed. Thus have I fet down the Land Forces of the Turkijh Empire ^ in number fo great, that in Ihew they Ihould breed Confufion, and ruin themfelves y yet fuch is the Order and Difeipline, that in that point they give place to none. They Jive ( for the moft part) on a little Bread ' • baked The TurkiJIi Hijlory. ^89 baked in the Afhcs, with Rice, and Powder of Flefh dried in the Sun. Wine is forbidden them by their Law, though ’tis often drunk by them in private, e- fpecially the Great Commanders. No Women arc feen in their Armies. In their March they obferve a wonderful Silence ; and all the Soldiers are governed by the Beck of the Hand, or Shew of the Countenance. Quarrels and Thefts are feverely punifhed. When they March they dare not enter any Corn-field or Vineyard. The Valiant are aflared of Preferment, and the Cow-' ard of Punifhment. As for the Grand Seignior’s Naval Forces, they are great \ he having of late, for Gain-fake, allured many Chriftian Carpenters and Shipwrights to his ArFenal, and hath a great number of Men trained up in Marine Affairs, by being continually imployed aboard his Gal- lies at Rhode (f Cyprus y and Mitylene and Alexandria. He has alfo at his Beck the Pirates of Tunisy Tripoley^ Sally-i Argire., and other Places ; from amongft whom he choofcs his prime Commanders in Marine Af- fairs. To maintain thefe great Forces, it is requifite a won- derful Mafs of Money (hould be imployed, which is the Sinews of War, and without which fo great an Empire could not be kept in frame, though many are of opini- on, that the Grand Seignior’s Annual Revenues exceed not eight Millions meaning thereby, that which is colleifted of his Subjefts, and upon the account of Cu- ftoms : For which they give thefe Reafons : Firfi^ That the Turks have no care but of Arms j the which do ra- ther ruin, than enrich a Country. Secondly^ They con- fume fo many Men in their Enterprizes, that they fcarce leave a fufficient number to manure the Land ^ infomuch that the Subjects defpairing to injoy their Wealth, and neceffary Commodities, which they might get by their Labour and Induftry, employ not themfelves to work nor 590 TLeTurkjJJ) HiJlorj. nor traffick^ more than by neceflity they are conftrain- cd : For they argue, ’tis to no purpofe to labour for another, their Lives and Eftates being daily expofed to the Mercy of their Prince : And for this Reafon, many fpacious Countries in the Tnrkifi Empire lie wafte ^ which negle£t frequently caufes a Dearth. A Third Reafon that is given, why the Grand Seignior’s Reve- nues are no greater, is, for that when he Conquers a- ny Country, he aflTigns the Lands therein to his Tima- riots, who fervein the Wars, and are nootherwife li- able to accommodate their Prince. But although his ordinary Revenues amount to no great Sum, in confideration of the large Circuit of his Empire ; yet his extraordinary Profits accruing by Confifeations, Prefents, ( for no Stranger may approach his Prefence empty handed )and Mony raifed upon Places and Offices of Truft, amount to a far greater Sum than what has been mentioned. Nor are the Sums fmall, which he draws from the Princes their Tributaries, that are notabfolutely under his Jurifdiftion ; Mol- davia, Vallachia, and Tranfylvania, with many more. So that in all, moderate Writers affirm. That his Cof- fers are yearly fupplied with twenty Millions : The Management of which is left to the Defterdari,ox chief : Treafurer, who has many Sub-officers under him. Thus much having been fpoken of the Forces, Re- venues, and great Officers; I (hall now proceed to give the Reader a View of their Religion, if it may without offence be fo termed ', which they call the Law of their great Prophet. ' As for their Religion, it began in the time of Hera- clius the Emperor 3 at what time the Herefie of jirius and Nefiorius fpread it felf : to whofe Infamons Pro- felytes Mahomet the impoftor, born in Arabia, joyn- ed himfclf 3 impioufiy denying the Divinity of Chrifl, and proclaiming himfelf a Prophet fent from C7o^,draw- The TurkjJJ} Biflory, ' _ 395 ing a Multitude after him: Infomuch thatfuch as would not receive his impious Tenents by fair means, he compelled by force : And the better to ingratiate him- felf with the lewd and licentious fort of People, he to- lerated all manner ofLuft, and Worldly Delights. By the Law this Impoftor left, and that now has overfpread two Parts of the World, a Diftin yimen. Advertifement of Books. THi Werkj of Jofephus, Tranjlutedout of French, niwly Amended ; i iHufruted with Copper-Plates, and a New Map of the Holy-Land ; j • Folio. Printed for Tiio. Pallenger, and Tho. Sawbridge. ! Ccfniography in four Boofs, containing the Chorography and Hijiory of \ the wboleWorld ■, /y Peter Heylyn. Tho. Paflenger,Tho. i Sawbridge, and Benj. Took. | Ti;e Third Fart of the Prefent State o/England, relating to its Trade • and Commerce within it flf, and with all Countries, as it is found at this Day eflablijJtsd giving a mofl exa6l Account of the Laws and Cuftoms \ of Merchants, relating to BVls of Exchange, Cujloms, Coyns, Weights, Mea- | fares, &c. To which is added, England’r Guide to Industry or Improve- \ ment of Trade. /or Tho. Pallenger, Benj. Took. F^lefiaflical Hifiory epitomi\.d, deduced to this Prefent Time. Printed for Tho. PalTenger, and W. Thackeray. ; Phyficli Refin'd, or a Little Stream of Medicinal Marrow Rowing from i the Bones of Nature, &c. Printed for Thomas PalTenger. ,^y: '■*f i 1 I-.'