FROM THE LIBRARY OF REV. LOUIS FITZGERALD BENSON, D. D. BEQUEATHED BY HIM TO THE LIBRARY OF PRINCETON THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY 27¥2~ 132 ^K* t-; M '"U, J r^vt >*w ^vtr VOLUME II Of this Edition Three Hundred and Fifty Copies have been Printed for Sale. No. sf£. November, /goo. Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012 with funding from Princeton Theological Seminary Library http://archive.org/details/germans02sach .^1 pw - $u£Zol4 %Im*£aS*As e?**^*^ I" ^N OF PfMfl^ APR 22 1932 THE , (German Sectarians

z o m z CO H H C H O z > z o o 33 T> I > Z > o m K 1 ;:;ni.; J m 4 The German Sectarians of Pennsylvania. ments, such as an apothecary, a laboratory {inedicamcnlcn- expeditiori) for compounding upon a large scale certain proprietary medicines, of which they alone held the for- mulae;5 a printing-office and bindery, where were printed and published religious literature and advertising matter for the medicines.6 By far the most important branch of the Francke institu- tion, however, so far as we are concerned, was the separate printing establishment known as the Cansteinsche Bibel Anstalt (Canstein Bible Institution), established in 1710 by Carl Hildebrand, Freiherr von Canstein,7 for the purpose 5 This department dates from the latter years of the seventeenth cen- tury (vide German Pietists, p. 57). The sale of the two preparations — Essentia amara and Essentia dulcis — soon reached large proportions and became one of the chief sources of income of the Francke institutions. The latter preparation was the so-called tincture of gold, the wholesale price of which was no less than £j. 9s. 2d. per ounce. 6 The printed matter used by the Halle institution to advertise their remedies from the very beginning surpassed any similar ventures. Beside the special leaflets which accompanied the remedies, a book of 544 pages was printed as early as 1705, which contained a Selectu Mcdicamcntornm for the various family, travelling or commercial assortments put up and sold by the institution. This was followed by a compendium published in Latin in 1720. Shortly afterwards it was rendered into German and then translated and printed in every tongue of Europe. It is doubtful whether even at the present day any modern patent medicine concern ever embarked in so extensive and thorough an advertising scheme. 7 Carl Hildebrand, Freiherr von Canstein, was a Westphalia nobleman, born August 4, 1667 ; died August 19, 1719. He studied law at Frankfort a. O., and then served as a volunteer in Flanders. At Brussels he was taken sick, and in the " face of death" made a vow " If God should spare him he would devote his life to His service." After his recovery he studied theology and conceived the plan for issuing cheap editions of the New Testament and the Bible, so as to place God's Word within the hands of the poor and needy. The first edition of five thousand New Testa- ments was issued in 1712 at a nominal price. This was quickly followed by an edition of the Bible. From May, 1712, to December, 1800, there were printed and distributed about three million copies of the Holy Writ. Of the quarto Bible there were five editions ; octavo (large), one hundred and five editions ; octavo (small), ten editions ; duodecimo, two hundred and twenty-four editions. This was independent of the versions in Bohemian and Polish. A Public Benefactor. CARL HILDEBRAND, FREIHERR VON CANSTEIN. B. AUGUST 4, 1667; D. AUGUST 19, 1719. FOUNDER OF THE HALLE BIBLE INSTITUTION. 6 The German Sectarians of Pennsylvania. of printing and distributing upon a large scale Bibles and Testaments among all German-speaking people throughout the world. Consignments of these books were sent to America at various times by the Halle authorities,8 some of which reached Germantown and were distributed by Sauer, ac- cording to his own statements, " gratis to the poor and needy, and for money to such as were able to pay." 9 Many of the German settlers in Pennsylvania, owing to the peculiar religious conditions existing here, and who rejected the orthodox faiths, objected to the Halle Bibles, as doubts were cast by the Separatist leaders in the Father- land upon these versions, they even questioning the correct- ness of Luther's translation. This opposition was accentuated with the completion, in 1726, of the so-called Berleburg Bible, which differed greatly from the standard version, and while it was received as the true scripture by all Separatists and non-orthodox sects, was in turn frowned upon by the regular clergy and civil authorities of the Fatherland. Christopher Sauer, as is shown by his advertisements, dealt in both of these versions,10 and no doubt did a fair business in this line. It was not long, however, before a change came upon the scene, caused by the arrival of con- signments sent from both Halle and Amsterdam direct to the congregations in Pennsylvania, in response to the repeated appeals from the Lutheran and Reformed congre- gations.11 This was quickly followed by the arrival of regular accredited pastors from Germany, who also brought many Bibles, and took the exclusive charge of the distribution 8 Weisiger papers, Hallische Nachrichten, new edition, pp. 50-70. 9 Vide Sauer 's prospectus. 10 Pennsylvanische Berichte, liii Stiick, December 16, 1744. 11 Genesis of the Lutheran Church in Pennsylvania, by J. F. Sachse, Lutheran Review, vol. xvii, 435 et seq. Plans for Publication. J of the Canstein and Amsterdam Bible editions. These facts, together with the high price of the Berlebnrg edition, which was four volumes folio, and, according to Sauer's price-list, sold at ^4. 15. o.,12 seriously interfered with the Germantown book-seller, who found his business injured. But, worse than all, there was no medium-priced Bible to be had for the use of the non-sectarians, while the Lutherans and Reformed were supplied directly by their pastors. To this must be added the fact that many of the German Bibles were printed in small type, illegible to the older persons, whose eyes were more or less dimmed by age or other in- firmities, and spectacles as yet were almost unknown among the working classes. Such was the situation which induced Sauer and his associates to consider the necessity and advisability of getting out an American edition of the Holy Writ, — one which should not only prove acceptable to all religious factions, but be of such size and clearness of type that it could be read easily by the older people, and at the same time be within the limit of their means. The plans for the publication of an American Bible in the German tongue were undoubtedly consummated at Ger- mantown during the printing of the Weyrauchs Hiigcl, at a time when Peter Miller, Conrad Weiser, with two of the Eckerlins and others, from Ephrata, were all intimately associated with Christopher Sauer, and who were then supervising the ptiblication of that hymn-book, if in fact they did not perform most of the manual labor connected therewith. The statement has been repeatedly made in print that the Sauer Bible of 1743 was the first edition of the Holy Writ to be printed in America. This is correct so far as any European tongue is concerned, but an error as to the general statement, because a version in the Indian tongue 12 Foot-note 10. The German Sectarians of Pennsylvania. SI WUNNEETUPAKATAMWB | UP-B1BLUM GOD | 2S NANEESWE J*» Snukkone testament^ •g KAH WONK U S WUSKU TESTAMENT, g »»S — SO* *©$ W5» •OS bcr g| Ne ^uoIbkJnnanjnlnjafljpe Wuttinneumoh f^HUlST |g ■0*; took afeweht [ -ca S JOHN ELIOT- SS ■«« so* «Kl SO* *>§ CAMBRIDGE: %*> •HJ PtictCLOOposfhpe Samuel Cr«» kuti M*rt»adukjs Jobnfen. S0» *** * 6 6 $. &«► as so» S IS Fac-simile (reduced) of the Indian Title-page of Eliot's whole Bible of 1663. First Public Notice. 9 was published and printed in Boston in 1663,13 fully eighty years before the Germantown Bible. A fac-simile of the Indian title-page of Eliot's Bible is shown upon the opposite page. The English title reads : — The I Holy Bible \ containing the \ Old Testament \ and the New \ Translated into the \ Indian Language \ and | Ordered to be printed by the Commissioners of the United Colonies \ in New-England, \ At the Charge, and with the Consent of the | Corporation in England | For the Propaga- tion of the Gospel amongst the Indians | in New-England. I Cambridge : Printed by Samuel Green and Marmaduke Johnson. \ MDCLXIII. From the above it will be seen that this was not an individual venture, but done by order of the Commissioners of the United Colonies of New England, at the charge and with the consent of the authorities in England. The first public notice, so far as known, of the proposed German version by Christopher Sauer came in the shape of a prospectus in the German language. This was issued as a broadside, 9 x/2 by 7 ^ inches. It was printed early in 1740, and upon the first page a number of reasons were given which induced Sauer to enter into the undertaking. These were followed by some of the details of the typog- raphy, the terms of subscription, price, etc. The reverse was intended as a specimen page of the print, commencing with the fifth chapter of Matthew. This prospectus was scattered broadcast among the Ger- man settlers in Pennsylvania, being circulated chiefly by the teamsters,14 who left copies at the various houses along 13 For an exhaustive account of the Eliot Bible see "Bibliography of the Algonquian Languages, by James C. Pilling, Washington, D. C, 1891. "The teamsters were of two kinds: the "regulars" who followed teaming regularly all the year round, and the " militia," as the farmers were designated who drove a team when their farm work was done, and then only made short and occasional trips. Sl(I|limrteK6lf«i(,»iif «tf*f» Motrin 7 &onmelcberman g^uU bag* ut &bdn unD tffiemema JbnDerlieb gerne fcfo fer>n merDe,fiir altefcute fomobl nk ft - ium Mtenwoffenbetab[en/»ann|ienuritt baben ge, »Je©icfeDefiq5u*^irbet»a«n«rAanJ Jodren geroefen. Unb ba aucbroobj ju meifeneer* ftoc& fctjn. tigen ^erfeen &ie £. $?an-j>at aucb mabr genommem Daf} Ztutt (SmrifftenfefenmirD, Der roirD DarauSunterDer 6M ScutfcbfanD in dufjertfer Sdlnufb bier tinge* 3ud)t unD Surest ©Otteg fein ClenD unD <#er« fommen, un& no* fommem roelcb* n>or>f nicbt Derbenerfcnnen lernen, unD roan er eo trtamit, emmableineStbcImit ju bringen twmogr unD rouDernacbDemmnbren Srl6fen>er4angen/'unb &ermflgen» »ic(e foramen ei ft a(* ©eroen ju £ng* , inDera er feinen £rl6fer mirD lernen fenen, unD fe* fifeben SeiTten, mefebe entroeDer Feme Sibel fan mieen'bneilofen mirD »onfeinem33erDerben/ feibtf bflbcti/ oDcr Icfcm fonbern im ®egtntbetf mirDeribnlicbcn) unD meileribnliebet,fo roirD et nicks olo" 21rbeit baben unD Demon rebem ju feinSHSorrhaJtem ja manner fein SSJort batten gefebmciaen maS nod) fcr)(immer if?. QBann.mitt, j© mirD ibnDer^ater iiebem unD C& unb Dann folcbe fcute fid) in Die gerne iu'mobnen'Dert>«ter4uil)mtfomcntmb(2Cobnungbeprbtti begeben/ fo if? inSgemein tr>r 2infana nicbttfanSi'inacben. UnDmanalfoDie6)ortbeitinib,mmobf Slrbeit unD metS fonft Die wrDerbte Stfarur mit" nenmntv fomirDbcr «&.@cijt Der befre SlufTei ficb bringt. £>te 5?inDer merDen gfeicbfaftf alfo ger fetm fion feinen SBorfem melcbe QTlofet, Die aufcrjogen. UnD Da in3)euifcbfanDDte?Jnfta(ten; ^ropbetemGibrifrugnebfiDen 21pofte!n unD £* mir tfircben unD tgebufen mcr>r ermangefn um ^angeliflengevcDet unD gefebricben baben ; unb Den ffinbern unD 3llrcn Den ^urfifraben in.6 @)e* big mirD Die ricbtigfte Slueiegung fepn. Ddcbrni'if? ju bring:n,( ob fd;on Don mabrer Qiou 2CaS Den ^rci^ ontangf/ Daoon fan mair tegfurcbrunDCbriffi^imenDen/meniggefonr)* nicbteigcnr(icbfagcn: flErfHw/ meilmannccb retmtrbO imDnim aucbDie&ibcI beoDenCur*' nicbt mcif mie »iel man Drucfen mirD, metleine cFcir in ihwr©j)racbgebrMcfM»B-b: fobrinaeirfleineanjablDag^ucbtbeucr, unD t>teiegeroi|, bcraeqjn Di." IfcnridnDftbiefrt? 2m\>tt tt foIcb'T DaS ©lucf »o!ff»I macben. Swevteno/ mcil Qnilrt rai^ poh. toil? .' m^ afgemeine ju rtDen) »erfd)iebenegutegreunbeber2B.irbcit unD?iet* cu&Ki Unmiffwheit be* SgucbftabemJ beo oif* babcr bere>6ft[i(ben Jebrert* auilma ®£xt lenif Innger j'eejrdJll'r jumerben fcJ>cinct- unDibrem Dinftigcn ^cblKttf flUbereirt mn SB -if man bann Die g-ibigfeif ju r>abcn gc* ttwai ben^gctragen, unD no* emige mebr fo ^ fllaubt/ Dicfe* SWangeW ein Sbeil abjubeiffen/ tbun fiebcrbotren W#n, ^^^DieBibcl in fo bat man Da6 ©einigegernc mM bmu bw genngem i« foje m$^"'J$&& j,,n,n Die ©pabrfame oDer QJei^ige feine cnt|eDuiDi» «Se«obcrxuefnemfo[*en»ibeIrf3DrucPein gungbabenmiebten, unbbie ^^gtSl a^&wSSSXSSffS man term** DeH* m*rbef*»«renF6fien • W^jJJ"" a n& in fliSxi ecien S fiat man fur n6tbig ange* fofeber ©uttbdter nom niebr fi nDen roerpen, un I Prospectus for Publishing an American Edition of the German Bible. Prospectus. II their routes. This interesting prospectus, a fac-simile whereof is shown upon the opposite page, says : [Translation] . — " It is partly known that upon sundry occa- sions, Bibles, New Testaments, etc., were sent to Germantown, which went gratis to the needy, and were partly sold ; the money being distributed among the poor. This was done, so far as it might go ; but in the mean time it was found that it did not go far. Many wanted Bibles and Testaments, who were very willing to pay for them, if the same were only to be had. Although frequently some were brought from Germany, so high a price was often set upon them, that many were deterred or lacked the ability to pay the price. "It has also been observed that people from Germany arrive here in the greatest poverty, and still come, who have not even a Bible, as they were not able to get one. Many are imme- diately bound out to service with English people, who either have no Bible, nor read one, and upon the contrary have nought but their work to talk about, to say nothing of what is still worse. ' ' When such persons become settled at a distance, their beginning is usually nothing but labor, and such as is incident to natural corruption. The children are raised even so. And as in Germany, the institutions of churches and schools are ample to bring the letters into the minds of both young and old (although the true fear of God and the Christian virtues are seldom touched upon) , and as now the Bible is even printed in the language of the Turk : Yet the conditions of this coun- try are causing (plainly speaking) by some means, that the ignorance of the letters with many seems to increase in time. " Now, as we have, as we believe, the ability to partly meet this great need, so we will willingly contribute our share. ' ' But as such an edition of the Bible requires a greater out- lay than we have the ability to command, it has been deemed necessary to ask for advance subscriptions, or to say plainly, that every one who may desire a Bible, is to send in his name and pay half a crown. This is necessary, as, firstly, that we may know a little how many we may hope to print. 12 The German Sectarians of Pennsylvania. " Secondly : That we may have some assistance towards the publication, as the paper for one Bible alone amounts to seven shillings, six pence. ' ' Thirdly : As we are forced to borrow something towards the publication, we want to be sure of our release. And lastly : As this country is still yet so new, we have no precedent before us. "So far as the size is concerned, we are willing to make it a large Quarto, that is of the length and width of this sheet, and of such type as the present, which we believe will be legible to old people as well as young. The thickness of the book will be about a hand high. We are willing to use a good paper thereto. So far as the price is concerned, that we cannot say definitely. ' ' Firstly : We cannot tell yet how many we shall print, because a small edition will make the book come high, and one of many will certainly make each piece cheaper. ' ' Second : Because divers good friends of truth and lovers of the divine teachings, out of love to God and their needy neigh- bour, have already contributed something, and some others have offered to do likewise, — partly that the Bible shall be given at a low price, partly so that the frugal and stingy may have no excuse, and the poor could not complain. Now as soon as more such benefactors are found, and we are enabled to act, the price will be made accordingly. But this much we may say, — that unbound, none will be more than fourteen shillings, which it is hoped none will account dear, when it is remembered that printing paper in this country is at least four times as costly as in Germany." Just with whom the Germantown printer consulted about his proposed undertaking, or who encouraged him with substantial assistance at home and abroad, is unknown to us. What share Conrad Weiser, Peter Miller, the Ecker- lins, Johannes Hildebrand and others had in shaping his determination is a problem which we cannot solve. It must be remembered, that this was at a period of great spiritual activity and excitement within the Province. Arrival of Orthodox Clergy. 13 The arrival of Weiss, and later of Muhlenberg, Zinzeu- dorf, Whitefield, Stoever and others all fell within the period when Sauer was engaged upon his Bible-work, and the advent of these men threatened the non-orthodox sects \A/*yr%-~ and denominations. Strange as it appears to us at the present day, from none of these religious leaders could this pioneer printer in the western lands expect any encourage- ment for his proposed venture, as their interest, both finan- cial and personal, lay in the editions of the Fatherland, which they knew were orthodox, and were consigned to, or controlled by them. In a careful survey of the situation we may safely say that Salter's support in his great venture for printing the first German Bible in America was chiefly derived from the Separatist sects, such as the Ephrata Mystics, the Dunkers, the Mennonites and others who renounced allegiance to the Lutheran and Reformed faiths, and the successful accom- plishment of this great pioneer edition was due to these people. As the scheme progressed and commenced to take a definite shape, Christopher Sauer inserted an announce- ment of the forthcoming publication in his Almanac for 1742, by which his proposal for printing a German Bible was brought to the notice of almost every German family, irrespective of faith or creed, in this and the adjoining provinces. Unfortunately the writer has not been able to find any perfect copy of this Almanac, or at least one containing the announcement. The only positive proof we have of it is the printer's reference to it in his issue for 1744. 14 The German Sectarians of Pemisylvania. This was followed with quaint advertisements in Eng- lish, announcing the proposed publication. These first appeared in Franklin's Pennsylvania Gazette for March 31, 1742, and in Bradford's Weekly Mercury for April 1, 1742, and were continued in several subsequent issues. They were dated Germantown, March 26, 1742, and set forth : Hereas Numbers of the Dutch People ia this Province, efpeclally of the New Comers, are thro* mere Poverty unable to furnifh themfelves' with Bibles ill their own Language, at the advanced Price thofe which are brought from Germany are ufually fold at here: Therefore Gfirijtopher Sauev of GermaritevM, propbfefl to print a High- Dutch Bible in large Quarto, and in a Charailcr that njay be eafily read even by old~Eyes. And fcveral well-mpaning People having promifed to contribute fomething towards the Encou- ragement or the Work in general, th3tthe Books may be af- forded cheaper to real poor'Perfons whether Servants or others ; Notice is hereby given, that the faid Work (God willing) will be begun about the end of this Inftant Jpril; and that fome Judg- ment may be made of the Quantity neceffary to be printed, all Perfons who are enclined to encourage the Work, or to have one or more of the faid Bibles, may lubfcribe before that Time with the abovefaid Chriftepber Sauer in Germantovm, or with jtoidnv Bradford in Philadelphia. 2 s. and 6 d. is to be paid down towards each Bible (tor which Receipts will be given) and the Remainder on Delivery of the Books, which, 'tis expeitcd, will be in about a Twelvemonth. If no Charitable Contribu- tions towards it are received, the Price of each Bible wiU not excted !4 Shillings, and it (hall be as much lefs as thofe Con- tributions will enable- the Printer to afford; of which-Conrn- butions a fair Account fhall be given thePubhck. Gsrtnawsm, March 26. I741- [The Advertisement in the Pennsylvania Gazette was the same as above with the Name of Benjamin Franklin in place of Andrew Bradford. As will be seen from these advertisements, fac-similes of which are also given, both Benjamin Franklin and Andrew Bradford were virtually Philadelphia agents for the new German Bible. Whether either of them exerted themselves to obtain subscriptions, or to what extent, is an unanswer- able question. We, at the present day, can form but a slight idea of the Dr. Heinrich Ehrenfried Luther. 15 magnitude of this venture at that early period. Christopher Saner personally had neither the training-, experience nor financial means to ensure a successful issue of so great an undertaking. Then he was also confronted by the Act of Parliament, which vested the printing of the Bible in Eng- land and the Colonies in certain institutions, such as the Universities at Oxford and Cambridge, which, together with the King's printer, enjoyed the monopoly by patent from the Crown, Cum Privilegio. If any prosecution should have been started against the Germautown printer it would have meant confiscation and punishment. So, considering all of the surroundings, we can but the more admire his courage and concern for the spiritual needs of his German fellow-countrymen. Substantial encouragement was received in response to the various appeals sent out at home and abroad ; these came either in the shape of advance sub- scriptions or donations, or perhaps both. Con- sequently, engagements were entered into by the Germantown parties, whereby the project took a tangible shape. It appears that a suffi- cient quantity of print- ing material and type was secured from a type- Arms of Dr. Heinrich Ehrenfried Luther, foundrv and TJublishincr house at Frankfort-on-the-Mayn, then presided over by Dr. Heinrich Ehrenfried Laither. The paper was obtained from local papermakers, while the ink was a home-made composition of Germantown soot {kienruss) and linseed 1 6 The German Sectarians of Pennsylvania. oil from the mills of the Brotherhood on the Cocalico. Thus was commenced, early in the year 1742, the printing of the Holy Writ in an European tongue in America ; a work which for ages to come will redound to the credit of these pious German settlers in Penn's Province. No extensive plant, no large establishment with proper resources was at the disposal of the venturesome publisher ; all he had to depend upon was his own ingenuity and in- domitable will and courage, together with the assistance of such skilled workmen as would offer their services, either con amore or at a slight remuneration. Nor was there any pecuniary profit in sight, even if the venture should prove a successful one. Just where the first printing-shop was located in Ger- mantown is another question, difficult of solution at this late day, in view of a total absence bf any documentary evidence. One tradition tells us that it was over a stable, and that it stood back from the main street, which was really the whole of Germantown ; that it was upon the east side of that highway, north of what is known as Dana- hower's lane, and just south of the John Wister property, about opposite the Indian Queen lane: This oft-repeated tradition may be true, as it corresponds with John Adam Gruber's land, and we know Sauer lived upon it. At the same time there is positive evidence that the Sauer press was not always upon this ground, nor even upon this side of Main street, although the elder Sauer bought a portion of the Gruber land some years before his death.15 Certain it is, however, that the original Dmckerey was a humble shop, with surroundings both rude and comfortless. The press was crude and home-made, and the whole primi- tive establishment was without any of the present labor- saving devices which constitute a modern printing office. 15 German Sectarians, vol. i, p. 316. m 30 > Z H o 30 o > D o o X H m O c m m z i~ > z m H I m Q m 3d > Z CO m o H > 30 o -n "D m z z CO < r < > ^ itgf. . t.i The Berleburg Version. 17 %$ km urttttl) * Hew au{^ neue iJDfrfe^en wft iiberfeerr; £Jrt>|f SurDtfDern tuft SBafltenpi ten jjn'ffo iinb fetitem fm$ eittfsm ftfrcn tic auf ten 3«fiani> Mr ftw&m in wnta irgtm 3ritat mfyttt flir&; SBtoCmt «!ifmj»(5 Gttttmdngt ©ircfuKcp ©OtteS in tec ©releu/ 29 (ftffl ftttafflusti}/ (Sn'tuiSfuna/ tine Qftrtnfgana Utt f(*?Hif * sonally, was inexperienced in ®Cgr(}l!(p0»l(gU eithe/ revisi«g or correcting 06{r. proof-sheets, becomes painfully ^HHttl* t'fiftt I^^Vrt apparent in the attempt to do ® 3 J / t*^ JV ^jg own revisiori when printing gBtmuZ fflSBMjMS.-*' an edition of Luther's Smaller Btft«*tn» Catechism, shortly after he had ijrt ol/trlrn fitbfD.ajurtfungtn btrin ©Ott , ., , _., , _ ^SS^X^t&SSSST completed the Bible. Sauer, at toaUwxuffJVm'zZtmau ><<>#*& this time, was evidently left in ftn (Btet*» i the lurch by his Ephrata assist- 3m DitnH 2>fr m orni abend. fanpifcfjcn gceft.<56«i oi« ants, as the work was for the tip bm Unttrganq &r gegeben. CB(!eSM0S@»!!flseD(iQSSR«9SWQ So numerous were the typo- graphical errors in this little book, that the printer felt it necessary to add a personal explanation at the top of a page of errata which gives us a clear insight into the situation : "As the publisher chose to take upon himself the correct- ing of the proof, the following errors were found to have crept in and are now finally noticed." It may be well at this point of our narrative to set at rest the numerous statements which have of late been repeatedly made in rostrum and public print in regard to the pioneer printer of Gerrnantown, wherein it is claimed that he not only was a graduate of the University of Marburg, but had also acquired a medical education at Halle in the famous institution of August Herman Francke. 18 Various contemporary advertisements in Sauer's newspaper. 2o The German Sectarians of Pennsylvania. «l E- Rift, *Mf*of«:sif4i' 6 c E*iifsll- ** 3. .«> _« 5 5 Sg 5 C2 ---^ p >, 1 £>£T £ 2 (SI ? ■Ci <3 o I G. K3"- C « Z « « « a Si o u i -? O 0-i Q . < <* a £ u > a I™ • « i r1 a z ,, * o z i 2<~ ©1 9 z . S ft V) • 5 in y < t- H -z Christopher Sauer. 21 Now, as a matter of fact, Christopher Sauer, of Laasphe, who afterwards became the pioneer printer of America, never matrictilated at the Marburg University at all. Nor y.f a ■ . does his name appear yr J* '^/n - j C{* - upon any of the records (jf^r'ty &*~^ of that academy.'9 Then v as to the Francke in- stitution at Halle,20 they never had any department wherein medical instruction was given. What they did do, was to prepare and sell proprietary medicines, together with a book, similar to some of the present day, such as Every Man His Oztm Doctor, etc. These remedies were well known to the Germans, and were sold and dispensed by the Germantown trader according to the rules prescribed in the book.21 Christopher Sauer, the Germantown printer, was a plain German emigrant, of humble parentage, meagre education, by trade a tailor, who came to this country with wife and child to better his condition, and who, as was shown in a previous chapter of this work,22 became a self-made man in the fullest sense of the word. He was a man of the people, and while, like many others of the time, he was imbued with religious notions of his own, strong in his convictions, un- yielding in purpose, industrious and enterprising, he appears, during his whole course as printer and publisher, to have stood up boldly, and fearlessly championed the cause of the lowly and the oppressed, and while openly opposing many of the orthodox clergy in the Province, he appears to have been ever ready to extend the hand of charity to such as he thought were worthy preachers of the Word. Attempts at this late day to clothe this sturdy pioneer with college 19 The same is true of the University at Halle, as may be seen by the official certificates in the possession of the writer. 20 The Francke'sche Stiftungen, usually known as Das Francke'sche Weisenhaus (Orphanage), vide supra. 21 Book in the library of the writer. 22 Vol. i, chap, ix, p. 126. 22 The German Sectarians of Pennsylvania. and academic honors which he was not entitled to, are, to say the least, ill-advised, and only serve to detract from his well-earned laurels. Had any claim of this kind been made or attempted during the lifetime of the elder Sauer, he would undoubtedly have been the first to resent it. There is another matter which the writer wishes to set right at this point. From an ambiguous note in the Chronicon Ephratense22 it has been inferred that Chris- topher Sauer, together with Israel Eckerlin and Jacob Gass, were baptized by Conrad Beissel. The Chronicon says: "After that we worked for Christopher Sauer, who brought " us to a meeting of the new congregation, at which I [ Israel " Eckerlin] was strengthened in my good resolve to such a " degree, by the words of the Superintendent, that on Whit- "suntide of the year 1728, I was incorporated in this new " congregation by holy baptism, together with my master "and another brother, Jacob Gass by name." It now appears that Israel Eckerlin at that time was in- dentured to a master mason named Heinrich Miller, and that both he and his master were doing some stone work at the Sauer farm, and were both introduced by Sauer to Beissel, with the result before stated. It was this same Heinrich Miller who later gave his whole fortune towards the building of Hebron (the present Sister House), afterwards receiving one hundred acres of Kloster land in return.23 The above facts are taken from a memorandum on page 168 of Brother Lantech's manuscript diary. It will be recollected that the Chronicon Ephratense is a mere abstract from the original, as made and published by Rev. Peter Miller (Agrippa-Jaebez), and printed some years after the death of both Lantech and Beissel. This explanation of the above ambiguous entry in the 22 Original edition, chap, vi, p. 34. Translation, pp. 41, 42. 23 German Sectarians, vol. i, p. 474. Germantown Printing Ink. 23 Chronicon leaves the denominational status of Christopher Sauer in as much doubt as ever, as there now appears to be no record of the elder Sauer ever having been in full com- munion with the German Baptist Brethren or Dunkers. jjrning our attention once again to the stupen- dous project of the religious enthusiasts for printing an American quarto edition of the German Bible, we find that no time was lost in entering upon their self-imposed task. Contributions of linen rags were solicited and gathered, and in turn were sent to the paper-mill to be made into maclatur, as the plain printing paper was then called. Kienruss (lampblack) and linseed oil were procured and made into printers' ink. An interesting account of this ink-making process is in the possession of the writer. The whole procedure was of the most primitive kind, and could only be attempted in clear dry weather. For this purpose a large copper kettle or cauldron was procured, and when ink was wanted the kettle, together with a quantity of linseed oil and soot, was taken on a cart and hauled into a field or clearing at a distance from any habitation ; this was on account of the vile fumes emitted by the boiling oil. When a suitable place was reached a fire was made under the kettle and the oil boiled down until it reached the proper consistency of Firniss, then the Kienrtiss or lampblack was added, the men continually stirring the thickening mass. The quality of this ink depended entirely upon the fineness and color of the lampblack, yet so excellent was this domestic product, that for many years Germantown printing ink enjoyed the reputation of being the best made in America. The first type was set and the first forms were worked off early in April, 1742, and long before the harvests of the year were gathered, the printed sheets of the five books of Moses were drying in the loft over the press-room. 24 The German Sectarians of Pennsylvania. This laudable venture unfortunately failed to prove a task of unbroken pleasure, so far as help and encourage- ment went, and it was left to Christopher Sauer, as the printer, to bear the burden of the opposition, and combat the difficulties as they presented themselves single-handed as best he could. How he acquitted himself appears in the course of this narrative. Aside from the usual drawbacks to any undertaking of magnitude, especially when everything is new and strange, there were technical difficulties to overcome, caused by the inexperience of the workmen and a want of familiarity with their duties. How great these were may be under- stood when it is considered that upon an average no less than two quires of sheets were spoiled to every ream. But still more remarkable was the opposition which manifested itself toward the printer in different quarters, we may say almost at the very inception of the great work. To commence with, Sauer failed to obtain either the support or endorsements of the Lutheran and Reformed clergy' in the Province, who were sincere in their opposi- tion, fearing that the new Bible would not be free from typographical errors. Then again, members of these two faiths were apprehensive lest the Germantown printer should introduce non-orthodox matter into the text, they basing their opinion upon his open avowal of sectarian dogmas and doctrine. This condition was aggravated to even a greater degree upon the arrival of Pastor Heinrich Melchoir Muhlenberg in November, 1742, who had been sent out to Pennsyl- vania by the Halle Institution. At the same time he was the accredited agent of the Cansteinsche Bibelanstalt, and came prepared to furnish Halle Bibles at a nominal cost. Pastor Muhlenberg had evendently been cautioned against the Germantown printer prior to his departure from Ger- Pastor versus Printer. 25 many, for the latter was not unknown to the Halle authori- ties, as has been shown in a previous chapter.24 Conse- quently there was but little intercourse between the two men, and as the young pastor refused to be influenced by Sauer or say anything in favor of the new Bible, the printing of which was well ad- vanced, he drew upon himself all the rancor and invective of the printer. In turn Muhlenberg de- nounced the printer and his work from the pulpit, and warned all good Lutherans to beware of this new pitfall set for them by the Arch-Separatist. That this controversy was not all one-sided is shown by the an- nouncements of Sauer and the pastor muhlenberg. letters of Muhlenberg and others. The latter, in one of his reports to London and Halle, men- tions, as first among his many great trials and temptations, — " That the German printer, Christopher Sauer, up to the "present time (March 6, 1745) has left no opportunity pass "to vilify me and my sacred office,25 and for no other "reason but that according to my conscience I have ad- " monished my congregations that when they were asked "to buy of his newly printed Bibles to take heed and see " whether he had not interpolated {tintergeschmierei) obser- vations of his own. And at every opportunity he, in his " Almanac and newspaper, has criticized and slandered the " Lutheran Institution." 26 That Muhlenberg's attacks were not altogether lost upon the Germantown printer is shown by the latter's replies in 24 Chap, xxii ; also Halle Reports, Weisiger Papers, new ed., pp. 50-51. 25 Ibid p. 92. 26 Ltitherische Verfassung. 26 The German Sectarians of Pennsylvania. both almanac and paper, — two mediums which gave him a great advantage over his clerical adversary, as he could reach almost the whole of the German population in this and the adjacent colonies, while the preacher could only hope to influence the circumscribed circle of the congrega- tions which he served. This opposition extended even to the Schwenkfelders, whose preachers raised objections to the new version and preached special sermons wherein they warned their hearers against the purchase of the Germantown edition, and cautioned such as had secured a copy to be careful in its use.27 So much for the antagonism of the orthodox faiths. Yet, strange as it will seem, there was an almost equally strong movement for a time among Sauer's own friends and fellow-Separatists and Sectarians against the proposed publication. The objection to the new Bible from the non- orthodox element was based upon Sauer's declaration in his printed announcements, that the work should be a duplicate of the thirty-fourth edition of the Halle Bible. The sect-people of Pennsylvania did not want what to them was an objectionable devotional book, which they in derision called the Hallische Pietisten Bide/. They wanted one to their own liking, and charged the printer with a breach of faith in wanting to cater to the Orthodox rather than to the Separatists. Finally, to overcome at least a portion of these objections and conciliate both parties, Sauer concluded to print the whole Bible according to the Halle text, and in addition to insert the appendix to the Apocrypha, according to the latest Berleburg version.28 Subscribers, when the work was completed, it was stated, were to have their choice. The sheets would be bound 27 Specimen sermon in Pennypacker collection. 23 This was the III and IV Books of Ezra and the III Maccabees. Neulander. 27 either with or without the extraneous matter as the pur- chaser might desire. As Christopher Sauer's great work neared completion his troubles appeared to increase. Not only was the char- acter of his Bible questioned, but new parties came forward and offered to receive orders for various German versions at a less price than Sauer's subscription rate. This was independent of the editions controlled and dis- tributed by the Lutheran and Reformed clergy throughout the Province. The most persistent of these opposing ele- ments was led by a printer in Germantown, evidently Joseph Crell (Creltius), who for a time appears to have annoyed Sauer more than any other. To controvert the schemes of his new enemies Sauer printed two announce- ments in his newspaper for June 16, 1743, wherein he states : " Now another misunderstanding circulates throughout the land, namely : It is said that a printer in Germantown is prepared to order from Germany Wittenberg Bibles, and will furnish them bound at twelve shillings each. But this is not so, neither is it possible, as they cost near three guilders29 over there. If they come unbound, some book- binders are apt to charge twelve shillings for binding. If a Neulander® is to advance the money, he charges double. 29 Evidently the German golden gulden is meant here, as the value of the silver gulden or florin was only equal to about two shillings. 30 Neulander, — this was a local term confined to Pennsylvania, and applied to a class of sharpers who came to the Province with the expec- tation of getting wealthy in a short time without work. Their scheme was to return to Germany and travel through the Palatinate and Wiirtem- berg, making a profuse display of jewelry and money, similar to the mountebanks at the annual fairs, their aim being to induce persons of the middle classes to come to Pennsylvania. As a plausible pretext they held out inducements that here was to be found all that man could wish for. The Province was represented as a very elysiurn ; anyone could become as rich as a nobleman in a short time. Such a land had not its equal in the whole world, etc. 28 The German Sectarians of Pennsylvania. When a bookdealer accommodates any well-known person, he demands with right his pay from the person who gave the order, no matter whether they arrive in Spain or Penn- sylvania. Domestic books are free of duty. A box of books, however, is weighed in England, and six pence sterling is paid on every pound, as may be seen from such bills. If the captain advances the money, he makes out his bills for double. Consequently it is impossible to de- liver such a Bible in this country, at the old-country rate, unless the printer, binder, factor, custom officers, etc., donate their charges. " But whosoever still thinks such were possible can apply to George Wahnseidel, who will order one for twelve shillings. The entry will be made gratis. If nought come from it, nothing is lost. It would be desirable if they could be given still cheaper, so that the Word of God would become plentiful in the hands and hearts of all mankind. Our own Bible, shortly to be issued, will cost in an ordinary binding, with clasps, eighteen shillings. For the poor and needy there is no price." The other announcement sets forth : "Divers Brothers, named Neidhard [Begrudger?], have given themselves great pains to belittle the Bible, which The profit of these wretches consisted in luring the honest burghers of Germany into entrusting themselves with their money and chattels into their keeping and embarking for the New World. Then again, the Xeu- lander's goods and freight were carried free, besides receiving a premium or head money for every person they embarked on shipboard at Rotterdam. The worst feature of this disreputable trade happened upon the arrival at Philadelphia, when the whole cargo was sold into servitude and their chattels and belongings were seized for extras alleged to have been fur- nished during the voyage, notwithstanding the fact that the passage was paid prior to the start. This nefarious trade was encouraged by the English ship-owners, Quaker and Churchman, who profited by this barter in human souls, and thus laid the foundation to some of the large fortunes of the present day. See also Muhlenberg's account, Hallische Nachrichten, orig. ed., pp. 997 et. seq. Hoch Deutsch Pennsylvanische Journal. 29 we have still on press. They say that it is falsified, and that we have not confined ourselves to Luther's translation ; that it would not be bound, and what else was not told. "All of which is too contemptible to merit any answer. If any one be interested in the matter, let him have patience until August, then they will see with their own eyes that this is not so. "God reward them much good for the defamation." The names in both of the above announcements are only figurative : Wahnseidcl is evidently a localism for lunatic ; while Neidhard is the German equivalent for a begrudger or jealous envier. The orthodox clergy is evidently meant by the latter phrase. The tribulations of Sauer were not confined to his Bible issue during this busy period. Just as the opposition to his undertaking was developing more and more, a new trouble arose. This was a proposal to publish another German newspaper which was to appear weekly ; Sauer's paper, it will be recalled, was issued monthly. The first number of this new venture was published by Johann Crellius in May, 1743, under the title Das Hoch Deutsche Pennsylvanische Journal. This called forth a note from Sauer, which appeared in his newspaper of June 13, 1743, wherein, after dwelling upon the inexpediency of a weekly issue, and that even a monthly edition is a too frequent one, he says : "It can oft be grasped with the hands, so plain is the fiction or intermixture. Even if we only write what appears creditable unto us, it frequently happens not to be so. If we touch ever so little upon the realm of the church, as it appears to us, or as we receive it from trustworthy sources, it is always sure to bring out, upon one side or the other, hate, chagrin, envy, etc." In August, 1743, the announcement was promptly made that the new Germantown Bible was ready for delivery. 30 The German Sectarian s of Pennsylvania. So far as the time went, and the quality of paper and typo- graphy was concerned, the printer had conscientiously kept his promise. This monumental work of no less than 1267 pages quarto was set up, and twelve hundred copies were laboriously printed four pages at a time, and the book was finished in about a year and a half. The rapidity with which this great work was carried to completion becomes more apparent, when we compare it with the first Eliot Indian Bible printed in Boston, 1663. It took just double the time to print the Eliot Bible that it did to print the Germantown edition. The former was commenced in September, 1660, and was ready September, 1663, while the Sauer Bible was begun April, 1742, and was in the hands of the subscribers August, 1743. It took the German printers just fifteen mouths to finish the work, or less than half the time of the Boston printers. Then again, there were more pages and copies in the German- town edition than in that of the other. Further, a com- parison of the two versions will show the vast superiority of the German Bible in every respect over the New Eng- land issue.31 Great was the satisfaction and joy of the Germantown printer and his associates, be they who they might, when the last form was printed, and the title had been worked off in two colors.32 We may well picture to ourselves the scene, the little group of earnest men in the grimy printing- shop, with Christopher Sauer, bearded and unshorn, as the central figure, who, according to the old Germantown legend, after he had surmounted all obstacles and opposi- tion, crossed his hands over his breast, and raising his eyes 51 For further information about the Eliot Bible see Bibliography of the Algonquin Languages, by James Constantine Pilling, Washington, 1891, pp. 132, et seq. 32 This was one of the earliest attempts at a rubricated title in the colonies. " Thank God it is Finished" 31 heavenward, fervently exclaimed, " Dank Gotl cs ist voll- bracht." (Thank God it is finished.) Christopher Saner announced the completion of his Bible in the thirty-fifth issue of his paper, Dcr Hoch-Dculsche Peiinsylvanische Geschichts Schreiber : " The Bible printed in Germantown is now finished ; and as every bookbinder has not the facility for glueing {plant- I ;e2Mtbeltit (Efcrmarttort gebrucft if* mm fertig;unbn?eif ein Jeber Q3u(hbinDer nic(tf jfegenfjeitfeatju pfaniwn fowiil man fieauc&af* .cftlbflpfohiren/ (leimcn) bamir fein tmirifTcnDCK barneben fomme/ unbnrcmnes gefcfceben if* unb f!e trocfenjinb/ weftftrf Dcrmurfymp anient) Die* feg 9)?onat3 aucb trt> fthDurcp bericbfer: bag roeil Die meifrenfoficb baben einfc^reiben (aflfen/ bieilbm gen SBucfcer «jr<* unD Der iTSfoccabacr Dabeo begebrt/fofmbfte sroareor Drucft/iinD Diefednacb Der ^erlcburger uberfe* 43u»3/ roer ober Dicfelbe nicbt Dabe»j}«be« roill/Der fan eg mirmclDen, ober fagen laffcn/ fo roerDen (te nicV beo gebunben ; unD olfo iff e$ aucb niitUem flcincn Sinbang com UnterfcfcieD ctlicber ubjvfs* lungen in einigen puncten. Sffiem man »cvif)io# &en fat feineQ>ibefjubinDen ober binben ju laf* fen/ Dem roiH mans tfjun/tinbroer fclbfl Daeor for* gen will/ Der ttirb urn? einer Sftiific uberheben. tin* gebunben iflber^wi 1* ©filling/ va$ ubrige tjlnad) Dem fie gebunben unb befcblagen rtnrb/ in ©c&af!cbcr/ £alb*obcrGnber£e&cr&c. ren), so we will glue them ourselves, so that no inexperi- enced one need attempt it. When this is done and they are dry, which will presumably be toward the end of this month, then every one can have them ; and they are hereby informed that, as the majority of those who have registered demand the remaining books of Esdras and the Maccabees, so these have been printed for all Bibles, and this according to the Berleburg translation. But whoso- 32 The German Sectarians of Pennsylvania. ever does not want these in his Bible, has only to give notice or send word, and they will not be bound ; the same applies to the short compend [Kurtser Begrijf) explaining a few points upon the variations of the different translations. To whomever we promised to bind their Bible, or to have it bound, for them will we do it ; and whoever wish to attend to it for themselves will relieve us of a care. Un- bound the price is twelve shillings. The remainder is according as to how they are bound and studded, whether in sheepskin, calf or other leather, etc." The original title-page of the new Bible was rubricated, i. e., printed in two colors, red and black, and in appearance and style was almost a counterpart of the standard Halle edition. From the eleventh line down there was, however, a deviation from the regular text of the orthodox version. This set forth that the Bible was complete, with the cus- tomary (usual) appendix {iiebst den gewbhnlichen An- hang), the third and fourth books of Ezra and third book of the Maccabees. Then follows the American imprint. The above eleventh line was so palpably false, in view of the introduction of the Berleburg translation and the other hetrodox matter in the appendix to the New Testa- ment, that it raised a storm of indignation and protest from the orthodox inclined (of which more anon) so that a new title-page was substituted and inserted in all copies still unbound or undelivered. In this new title the words nebst einen Anhang (together with an appendix) were substituted for the objectionable line. In making this change the whole title was reset and greatly improved in appearance. A curious misprint, how- ever, unfortunately appears in the tenth line and was not discovered, viz., " Parllelen." This was corrected in the later editions of 1763 and 1776. But few specimens of the first editions are to be found with the original title. Title and Collation. 33 The title-page of the New Testament, printed in black ink, was an exact copy of that of the Halle Bible. Fac- similes (reduced) of the above-mentioned titles are presented upon pages 34, 35 and 36. The most careful and exhaustive collation ever made of the Sauer Bible is that of E. B. O'Callaghan in his work33 on the Holy Scriptures, printed in America previous to i860. /. Biblia, \ Das ist : \ Die \ Heilige Schrift \ Altes tend Neues I Testaments, | Nach der Deutschcn Uebersetzung | D. Martin Lnthers, | Mit jedes Capitels kurtzen Summa- rien, auch \ beygefugten vielen und richtigen Parllelen ; | Nebst einem Anhang | Des drittcn und vierten Bucks Esrd tind des \ dritten Buchs Maccabaer. | (An ornamental line across the page.) Germantown : Gedruckt bey Christoph Saur, 174J. I Title, 1 p. ; verso, blank ; Vorrede, 1 p. having an ornamental head piece at the top consisting of four lines, the first composed of 36 printer's flowers, then two rows of stars, and the fourth line the same as the first, but the flowers inverted; Verzeichnisz aller B'ucher \ Des Alten und Neuen Testaments. | 1 p. This list is accompanied by an Index indicating the number of the page at which each Book, commences. Text : Gen. to Mai., pp. 1-805 ! Apocrypha (in similar type), pp. 806 to the prayer of Manasses, which ends on the upper part of p. 949 ; the 3d and 4th Books of Ezra, and 4th Book of Maccabees (in smaller type), pp 949-995, filling one-third of that p. " Ende des drittcn Buchs des Maccabaer, und des Anhang des alten Testaments.'''' Beneath a Seraph's head and wings; the remainder of p. 995 and its verso are blank. Sigs. A to Kkkkkk2 in 4s. Das Neue \ Testament \ Unsers \ Herrn und Heylandes \Jesu Christi, Verteutscht \ Von Dr. Martin Luther. \ Mit \ Jedes Capitels kurtzen | Sumarien, \ Auch beyge/ugteu vielen richtigen | Parallelen \ (An orna- mental line across the page ) Germantown : \ Gedruckt und zu finden bey Christoph Saur, 1 j 43. \ 1 p. verso, Verzcuchnisz der B'ucher des Neuen Testaments; Text: Mat. to Rev. pp. 3-277 ; at the end of Rev. : Der Offenbarung S. Johannis, und des Neuen Testaments Ende, beneath which, another Seraph's head and wings. Register der Episteln und 33 A I list I of Editions \ of the Holy Scriptures \ and parts thereof \ Printed in America previous to i860 \ ~vith Introductory and Biographical Notes I By E. B. 0' Callaghan \ Albany, 1861. 34 The German Sectarians of Pennsylvania. BIBLIA, Stafifti iiti M6 mmi (kmm, 3?ad) 5er ©flitftyr n Ueficrff fcimg D.®atfto8itf$tt«, SM ieitf &tpifftf furgen Guminarirn/ tad toflff&flfeu Mitlm unb rtcOfigcn ga Revised Title-Page. 35 BIBLIA, £*W(ff: eframenfg, 9ftit iefe* Stopttef* rur@ert ©ummarfctii aucfr J>e»flf ffifltcn ttcTtn un& rttWgm fl: ©eJrucft unJ $u ffn&m to$%rifM&6flttr/i743. Title-page to New Testament in Sauer Biblb. Preface. 37 Evangelium, 3 pp., not numbered ; " Ende," on last p. ; Kurtzer Begriff I Von den Heiligen Schrifften und deren \ Uebersetzungen. Mil etlichen Anmer- \ ckungen, j 4 pp. in double columns Sigs Aa to Mm, all in 4S except the last, which is in 6s. The 1st, 4th, 6th, 8th, nth and 14th lines of the first or general title, are printed in red, the others in black ; the title to the New Testament is in black ink ; an ornamental head piece, i)& inches wide, extends across the page at the beginning of Genesis, and there is another ornamental head piece at the commencement of Matthew ; the other pages have each two black lines at the top, between which are printed the name of the Book, the number of the Chapters on the page and brief summary of the con- tents. It is in double columns, and the parallel references are at the end of their respective verses. The signature letters to the Old Testament are in German, to the New Testament in Roman, characters. The Germantown printer saw fit to add the following preface to his Bible : [Translation.] — ' ' Though all books require a preface, where- by the use and property (eige?ischafft) of the book is briefly described, the Bible is in itself sufficiently known and contains in itself all that can be said about it ; above all, it (the Bible) and all Scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profita- ble for doctrine, for reproof, for correction for instruction in righteousness, that the man of God may be perfect, throughly furnished unto all good works, II Tim., iii, 15, 16, 17. ' ' The moving causes for printing the present Bible have chiefly been, as has been observed, firstly : that many poor Germans come into this country who do not all bring Bibles. Secondly, that so many are born and bred in this country who also do not know how to obtain them, and who have seen that the well-to-do usually only care for themselves and theirs. " We have selected Luther's translation because it is most in keeping with the usual German expression, and although divers translations differ according to the word in various parts, yet it usually amounts to the same sense, and we are assured that whosoever with a true heart bring into practice with Christ's power such parts of Scripture as are plain and clear and have no need for any explanation, and remain true unto them, they will be placed over so many of God's mysteries as 3« The German Sectarians of Pennsylvania. SSorrebe. 2lnn qDc SSudjer eincr 2>orreDe beDurffcn, roo &urd> Der Wurmen uftD ©flfliffbofR r*<> SSucbo" f urf>lid) bcfdjviebcn roirD, fo ifi &ie 2>tebclan tfjr fclbjl gcnug bttm, una bringet fclbft 2iUea mit/toaS man nur Daoon befdjreibcn {an ; iibcrfcaurr, 3:e unD rttleQcbrtfft Sitvtn (SOtecmgegebervtfi muSiuv tLobre/ jurt=5rafv/ 3ur Scflcrung/jur Sucfotigung in ber <5erccfot;gt.'ctc,&<»0 c in tHcnfcfo c0ot tcefcveX>*[!Eomcii/3uallertguK»ttfercFeHgcjcbtcFt.&:c zTim.j.if *« 17 2)ie £m>eg4irfacbett jum 5}i ucf Diefcr gcgenrodrti'gcb QSiebd fmb bauptfdcblicb gctvefen, i>a man flefebcn : erffiicb, &a§ fo »iel arme ^eutfcfce in Dig £anD f ommen, tvelcf;e nicbtnUe Sgiefceln mit bringen. 3roe»tend;Dagfo»ie(cim$aiiDgcbobrenunDerjogcnnmDen,i»clcbc «bcnfal3 nicbt afleju beformncii tuiflTeti/ unD man gefefjen cog Die QJermogenDen gcnjibnlic!) Dorficb tinD Die ibii<3^fcrgenv 9??an batiLutbertUcberrcgungerrocblet/roeilfic Dergemcincn'S.eutfcbcn 9icD*21rtdmdbnficb'lfli iil/unD obg(eid) etlid)e iibcrfefcungcn Den reorten nad;,in etiicben ©tiicf en untcrfducDen fmD/fo laiifft d Docb gemeinig(id) auf (Sinai ®inn binauS, imD iff man eerficbert Dag rocr mit eirtem aufrichtiaeti #m 6jntit'icnige©d)nffr=@u!Icnn.ickbe flarunDDeutlicbfriDuiiDfeiner cif!dpjr!gNiittb.ig l^abe'nr Dii'ch <£britfi£iafft in Ucbung bringen roiiD/ unDin Denfdben gcrVeu bkibcii/ Dcr JvirD ub;i- fo i>it(c (ie. beimnu§e®Otfe8\gcfe(;t roerDen, a!si 511 fcinem cteigcn^jeil noting finD. UnD reer cin CbatcrDc's SBoitgunD i:ic[)t mjremijorer oDeriiK|cr feon roirD, Dcr roirD rocDer fid) felhfcn nod) anDcrc berrit* gen. •JScmctiuadunfaplidjirnlcfenBorfomf/ unDDerrccbtcnSOeigbeirmangelr Dcrbitte roii[icb/ Dem Dei' im 03Iaubcn bittct lac. 1, r . UnD ob ibm ttnai 511 tinev Sett nicbt gegeben rcurDe/fo roirD crd jur anDcrnSw ©oiinenffatevFenncn/ toannenu Denfdben ©tanDfomnu, roc* ton Die 9f cDc iff. -SManbat Dic^uliiicoe^icocl unD jroar Die j4fle Edition oorflcbgcnormncn, tijHicb rceilfic fsfcj reid) oonParajiclcn (anrocifungcn) iff. 3reWcntf, roal man gcglaubt/ Da§ (u Die rocmgffc&rucffcbiet in fid) balte, iwil Dcr ©as fieben blcibt. S5:c33cfd)u[Digung, Dag man fein figcnciS Drunter gemenget, unDiiid^tbcplliitberiUcberfetjuitg geblicbcn fcty acbtctmannicbtrocrtb SuroiDerfprccbcn, ftc'ligt »cr Siugen, unD iwr unfern SJrucf gcgen Die befagte Edition bait, Der roi: D rlnDen Dag man nicbt aUcin Dabeo geblicbcn/ fonDern tatht alt cm bunDcrt Sjrucf fcblcr ocibcffcrt bat /roefcbeS le^te'man njd)t ei im n«t,jencr2lrbcit juMDcfo/fonDciT. nan icmanD f.nDcn folte. Dag roieDcr unfer QlSrffcn/ sucb 35ruci« febfer em.ncfcblicbci? fmD, Dag rf ur.S crganafhfev/rcie anDcm 9);enfcr)en. ^anbataudj^ine^rtlariiusciiDarubcrgcmacbti-pojumanfomobtgrcBbot gebabt bdtte, aia anDereCO.'enfcben/crfHid) Dflrutri/ meilDurd) Dic@cbri|Tt--2innjcifungentic1mabl cm gyrucb Den an^ Dcrn eiffdret im geiftlid)eii @iim. 3">eiten!i/n>cil man Dcrfiebertift/ Dafi nxr Dic(gcl))!(trcnmit cinem aufricbtigcn .£evft,n liefet/bty Dcrn crflaretDcr Jbeilige ©eift im£crfccn femen rccbten^in bfi;m lefen felbfU uubwie cin j.Der glaubigcr folcbed in fid) felbcr* in6 befotlberc trfdbret/ fo glauctt man gt« toi§DagDie 3ciir:abcf»x>orineiiDiegan5egvDett)irD»olli£rt«Jttrtusbc6^)£rr 2f£fu ] Preface to the Sauer Bible. \i Preface. 39 are requisite for their eternal salvation. And he who will be a doer of the Word, and riot merely a reader or hearer, will deceive neither himself nor another when anything incompre- hensible appears in the reading. If any of you lack wisdom, let him ask of God, that giveth to all men liberally, James i, 5. And if somewhat be not granted for a season he will at some other time discern it as clear as the sun, when he arrives at the same condition wherein it is written. "We have taken the Halle Bible, in fact the thirty-fourth edition. " Firstly, because it is very rich in parallels. " Secondly, because it is believed that it contains the fewest misprints, as the type is kept standing. "The accusation that one has mixed his own with it, and has not followed Luther's translation, is regarded as unworthy of contradiction. It now lies before our eyes, and whoever compares our print with the aforesaid edition will find that we have not only adhered to it, but have corrected more than a hundred misprints. The latter is not mentioned as a censure, but that in case anyone should find that, without our know- ledge, errors have again crept in, it has happened unto us as unto other men. ' ' Moreover, no explanations have been made, although we were as much at liberty to do so as other people. "Firstly. — By means of Scripture parallelisms one phrase frequently interprets another in the spiritual sense. " Secondly.— Because we are assured that whosoever reads the Scriptures with an upright heart, to him the Holy Spirit reveals within the heart the true meaning at the reading itself, and as every believer undergoes such an experience in himself individually, so one believes assuredly that the time nears when the whole earth shall be full of the knowledge of the Lord (Isaiah xi, 9), and there shall be no need that brother teach brother and admonish him to know the Lord (Jer. xxxi, 34). But they shall all be taught of God, both small and great, when He shall pour out His Spirit on all flesh, that sons and daughters prophesy, young men see visions and the old men dream dreams, and His Spirit shall flow upon His servants and 40 The German Sectarians of Pennsylvania. handmaids (Joel ii, 28-32). So will He himself make clear His meaning, and show His might, yea verily, be the Word itself. " For this join in supplication, whosoever can pray. ' ' Come quickly, Lord Jesus. ' ' N examination of the Sauer Bible shows that while with a single ex- ception (Job xixv, 25, 26, 27) he may have confined himself to the Halle text in the Bible proper, he certainly de- parted widely from the accepted version in his appendix to the Apocrypha of the Old Testament. Here he used the Berleburg text, which differs from the Luther version mainly in the fact that in the seventh chapter of IV Ezra, follow- ing verse 35, there is introduced a quantity of matter which that version states is "A certain Arabic Translation to be found only recorded in England, etc." This pericope relates to the seven degrees of humiliation and glorification. We will here digress to explain more fully the point at issue about the Book of Esdras : Catholic theologians call this book the Fourth of Esdras, because they reckon the canonical books of Ezra and Nehemiah the First and Second of Esdras, Esdras being merely the Greek for Ezra. The First apocryphal book of Esdras they therefore call the Third, and what Protestants call the Second they call the Fourth. Now, the apocryphal First of Esdras has very little original matter, being largely composed of extracts from Chronicles, Ezra and Nehemiah ; only the third and fourth chapters and the first six verses of the fifth are new. When , therefore, we speak without qualification of the Book of Esdras, we may fairly be taken to mean the famous apocn-phal Apocalypse, written in Greek by an unknown writer about the time of the Christian era. The original Greek is lost, and the book has come down to us in Latin, Syriac, Armenian, Ethiopic and Arabic translations. Now, right in the middle of the book The Fourth of Esdras. 41 there is a long passage about heaven and hell, which must have been in the original Greek, because it is found in all four of the Oriental versions just named, and was anciently quoted in Latin. But from the invention of printing to the year 1875 it was not found in any Latin manuscript. Consequently as the Catholic and other European versions of it were always based on the Latin, they persistently omitted this passage, in spite of the fact that it was quoted by the Fathers from the fourth century onwards. At last a Cambridge librarian, named Bensly, found the missing passage in a Latin manuscript of the ninth century at the famous cathedral city of Amiens, and published it at his own University in 1875. Soon after this the scholars of the English Church, in a new edition of the Apocrypha, published the fragment in its right place in the text, having to wedge in seventy new verses into the seventh chapter in order to do so. Finally, in 1895, when the Revised Version of the Apocrypha came out, the seventy verses were there too. It is not gener- ally known that the Anglo-American Revised Version took twenty-five years to complete. Begun in 1870, the New Tes- tament appeared in 1881, making a great sensation ; the Old Testament fell flat in 1885, and the Apocrypha still flatter in 1895- Now the same fragment which we have seen thus reinstated by the scholars of the nineteenth century as a literary matter of course, without opposition, was printed by the German Dis- senters in their version of the Scriptures published at Berleburg in Westphalia in the year 1726. From this version it was faithfully copied by Christopher Sauer in his Germantowu Bible, and he also stated that it was found in an Arabic manu- script in London. We have already seen that even then it existed in Syriac, Armenian and Ethiopic, as well as in Arabic and in Latin too, if people had only known where to look for the manuscript. So small, however, was the diffusion of sacred learning in the eighteenth century that some theologians attacked the honest Germans for printing the whole of this ancient Apocalypse of Esdras. (Readers must remember that all Apocrypha, that is, uncanonical writings, are not Apoca- 42 The German Sectarians of Pennsylvania. lypses ; neither are all Apocalypses among the Apocrypha. But the Book of Esdras is both an Apocryphon and an Apoca- lypse. ) It was this departure which again aroused the ire of the Lutheran and Reformed pastors, and made the corrected title-page a necessity. At the same time this feature in- creased the popularity of the new Bible among the Sec- tarians, many of whom attached considerable mystical import to the Berleburg text and the supposed interpolation. It was not alone to the above noted variations from the Halle text that umbrage was taken by the various clergy, but also to the Appendix known as Kurtzer Begriff (Brief Compend). Here Sauer and his associate (now thought to have been Johannes Hildebrand) who composed it, had full sway in ventilating their opinion. This called down upon them numerous anathemas from the German clergy within the Province. One of these peculiar sermons has come down to us. It was preached by Balthasar Hoffman, a Schwenkfelder, and has been preserved in a manuscript volume of his writings compiled by his son Christopher Hoffman : Theologische Bezeugung, iiber Matt. 24., 25. Wo sinte- mal im neiten Bibel Druck in Germantown iiber diese worte zu ende des Bucks ein Bedenketi 7nit eingeruckt. Solches den Theologischen Sinn des Herrn Christi gar nicht enthdll} und nach der Mystica sick auch nicht wohl fiigen will. Und von dieser Bibel auch einige Exemplaria unter uns Syne gekaufft zvorden, also habe bedacht es gcbiihre mir den sinn hier iiber wie ich ih?i nach der Christlichen Theologie ansehe zu Offenbahren. Doch also dass ich daniit den Author des erwahnten Bedenkefis iiber diesen vers nicht wiederlege.^ Christopher Sauer, it is true, in his advertisements gives 31 Predigten von Balthaser Hoffman, gesammelt und zusammen getra- gen von Christoph Hoffman, MDCCXCV. Volume in collection of Hon. Samuel W. Pennypacker, Philadelphia. Appendix to Suiter's Bible. 43 enffias 23:n ^c^v sxilfgcn Scfafffxcn u«& CctM UvberfcOunftca SJltt e'tuci)m • Stmncr* riiuiflcii. ^'5© iff ofin(Jr«itiq tafr tie ©cbrifften $tt ' ' HlKiisXeftanjentG anfangd in ijcbrAu feber ©pwc&e gef^rieben rcovCett. 3b3 fiber Ptoiomzus "Philarttlpuns, tin |)COb» nifober £6mg con ten ©cbrijfteii flebirct/ tt>o* rinncn QiOt Sfcincn -iijillcu an ffca« 3ut>itdje WoM iu ibtcm bcfTcn befant acmacbN lief? cr LXX. ^olmetfc&cr ausS Den 3uben fommen/ tr-eldje tbm^ie ©djnfftcnfamt Den £iftorien au$ Der Aibrai'cbcn ^gpracbe in feinc (Sriccfrfdje ubcrfefccnfokcii; Daunt c$na$Dcm rciHen ©inn snD^ucbtfabcngetban/unbni'cfct ctroa mangel* bar»oben.ad>eine*«Scr tei anbern QJutDuncfen nberfefee wurfc& fen fiber tJicfg eon Der Siibcn ©cbrifftcn bet Den 3-.'tfl6/ungen unt> fontf, finO terlobreu gcgangeii; unb auS' per ©rid;ifcben ©pradjeroiebuubcifeft reorben finb/ jumaf)!cn fie iurma abgefdjricbeiuviirbcn/fofinbetficbnun Dag utd)[ allc 45cbrdifcfje ©cbrifften fo genau mit et'nanbcr ubciein fommen D'a6 iiid)t cin 3fl"tf« 5" fcisprtiren pnOi't bJullt. , fc Jvo ne»C'Xfftt-Md)bem^af5 joiner fcaJw tin arofetf 5Bevcf gctban ; cr ftjjmbt row 166 fctbft aifo: S* hflbe ,ni* CciJ' fl#lff?J im S)olliiurfd)cii,Daj5td) t*in unb Hoar **«wfi**» ben i'-6cbte, ur.D uTungtocbtvobl efftbegegntf/ bafjtw >4 tagt,j,4- 2Bo*ml)ab«naneim. ges iffiort gefud;t unD gefrcrgt, jwb««f *"£ iiad>j»wedcn tticbt gcftmbcit. 3m <8ud> ifoCatben-etcn nrir affo, K Ph^us^roga!- fonren ftrVt-tcn- '"«:*», nun c3 certcutfd)« unp ;S9|d« cnmal an/»irt> abtr m*t fl* Do cr pHii libubmgc ^Srct/ b« tw.&aben fttuflfen i±rci6en»- una un$ dngjhn&c \TlunIitfet fiian in ^jettfrt'eb 2Jrn«l6«-R:V# cbcn=un& ^ojer ^'fldrft unb anber|lroO/Dag fritberi tigene arbeiifcod) nod) bie unb D* cinen (jmtcn %lum oD«2l«s© mit einer jierddjen unb aimebmlicr)en 8v> Den3=art)unDfoId)cDem feiigtn Untljcro. gf.j.-i» get/ Wefcbvr fi« o'or gut angefc(;cti unb miicr [«mni ^abnifn ju Drurfen ertabt jcJ «5?eb(l Diefem.baben jld) nod) wifcbieDcne M. DieSJiittcr'©prn(b j« ubcrfc^en^oDerDen @i:n ctroaS fagticber ju ge« ben;^abcro finb un(5.in Dcr 2)cutf:!;cii ©prod) wtnigflend 8 ubei#$u'rigen befant. SanDna SdnDcrju gc:\!;n>eigcn (rnDcii M in (Siijeirtn* wem'gilcna j Ubirffir.ingwAmb i(l mot $u jweifcln/ fiffct)fniuui?,!)cilnad)D5:m SRaap Dcr li5o.be'; Sunrtbeii abcrbaben fid) mancbinal em unb anbsre Punftcn nnd) DctS ubcrfc^er* >XUct)» nunfl* ©utbi'mcfssi unb T}i>runbcil bequemm muitsi unb (enrfen {affin- ©abcro untct Dfti:n ©elebrten Biels UnemigWt entftanDcn. 5Borau«'tann crbt;!Iet,6ag nod) Dcr >5qtigeQ5c!(t in greffcrem ^?aaf ju emarten (lcb«t;tve;d)er fci* ner cigencn 5Uovte SDeBmetltbtt unb- -2iu61egct feoii wirtx in gdn^icljer. £inigfeit ; balm bieiei.ne pure" <2Serbeit ifi in 3bm gtjrern rsie-bcut/unb •ttubfo fckibeu in firaigfeit. SSigOafemtbutcm jeberroobl/DaB « fi^ bicfen foxtser.O'iS&il m Da3 ^niierffcfeiner fetlen crbi«i' unb cintabs; bet tvirbibn in alie SBarbcit'feiren unbrnitbripgen; mi U\n 9J?enfd) gcbep.nod) au^fprecben fan. Unb biefcr jciget alieiii/tbo Die ^crfdjiebjnbcit tet SBcrteaufeinen ©inn binauS- (aufff. kf&.an ift wMin$ gewefrn anbcr;r Ucbsfc^tirigcn 2^ Untcrfcbiebauf bicfen $Jag gcgenjananbee lufefien.'Kian fanb abcr balb/taann c5 an alien" brt« gefobeben folte, eS.mn^bicfcr^nbaiHj riOtbmaibig"4 mal fo gu-r&rpcvbeivfi^bicie^ii* 6«I fetbft/ mann man taint fefeaifolfC; rate t$an> bere gcbe«f"a!«: 5^f**"ero/ Pifwcoro/ Aordjcrte/ Die 23cr!cb^rpcr,3« fi«WiW|!>flI Die lsbifcb*Cci»t|vbc/ ^,e»ftjnBi|fbc/ «S'ig# ItTcbc nr.D anberer/fo fie in i!jr«€hnbc«.unb ?i?.^« p.»@?tad)cn uberfe^t Cub. neb ft Dai peutn ^eftamenro -^Jrobeii »on ZvcjV Jznac&cl) 2»n S?SBBBP! «»«-«** 44 The German Sectarians of Pennsylvania. his patrons the option of having their Bibles bound with or without this debatable matter, but the writer has never been able to find one that lacked it. In the subsequent editions of 1763 and 1776, while the Apocryphal matter was con- tinued, the " Brief Compend," which had given rise to so much censure, appears to have been left out. As to the typographical part of the first edition, too much credit cannot be given to all the parties who were con- cerned in its publication. An examination of one of the copies will show the use of several different fonts of type both in capitals and body type. The paper is of a good quality of domestic rag-paper. Here a difference will oc- casionally be noticed showing that the paper did not all come from the same maker. The press work of all the copies examined by the writer was uniformly good, the impression sharp and clear, the type clean, the ink properly distributed, and the register perfect, while the text is remarkably free from misprints or typographical errors, thus showing a high order of proof- reading and supervision. From the signature imprints it would appear that four pages were printed at a time, the size of the type page being 9x6^ inches. All imperfect sheets were evidently destroyed, great care being taken to make every book a perfect copy. There is a tradition that one out of every ten was spoiled or had to be thrown out for some reason or another.35 The superficial statement has also been made by some too enthusiastic writers, that even the type with which the first Sauer Bible was printed was a domestic product made by the ingenious Sauer, and that the punches rather than the type were sent over by Dr. Ehreufried Luther, without, however, stating the authority upon which their claims are based. One soi-disant historian has even gone so far as to 35 This tradition is substantiated by a note at the bottom of the specimen type sheet issued by the German printer. Vide volume i, p. 349. First Type Cast in America. 45 publish a picture of au old blacksmith's anvil, with the inscription, "Anvil on which matrices were forged for the type of the Saur Bible of 1743." This assertion is an unwarranted misstatement, independently of the fact that the delicate copper matrices for casting type are not forged on a blacksmith's anvil with a sledge-hammer. As a matter of fact and in the interest of historical truth and accuracy, the writer will state that neither the elder Christopher Sauer nor his son ever cast a single piece of type. The first and second editions of the Sauer Bible were printed entirely with imported German type, as was also the greater part of the third edition, if not all. It is only toward the latter part of the New Testament of the 1 776 edition that evidences of the occasional use of American type appear. The first attempt to cast type in Germantown was made about the year 1772 or 1773, and was evidently a venture of the sons of the second Christopher, in which enterprise Alexander Mack was also interested. The proof of this statement is furnished by Alexander Mack himself, who composed a poem upon the occasion, — Reim-Gedicht vor die Liebe Jug end. This consisted of no less than one hundred stanzas, and it was set up with new type and published as No. 12, Vol. II, Geistliches Magazicn. At the close he states : " Gedruckt mit der ersten Schrift die jemals in America gegossen worden (Printed with the first type ever cast in America)." A copy of this issue is in the library of the writer. Two months after the first edition of Sauer's Bible was finished (October, 1743), Benjamin Franklin sent the Ger- mantown printer a lot of English type for trial. Sauer's English printing does not appear to have been successful at that time, as we know of no English imprint of his press prior to 1749, when he issued an edition of Thomas a Kempis. Sauer continued to buy his paper from Franklin, and, as 46 The German Sectarians of Pennsylvania. &t* ic<l >tSbc fteru «ft <#> <^> ^ 50> <^> ^X5i <#> &><&> UK \&> <0i *9i *&'•&) e[^e unge&unt>ene33tbcln &egef)ren,u. citD0tt SEpbrata wobnen, Die t&nnep gegen i&re iQuttfung unD Salting DeS&brigen Dafclbjl cine ge&im&ene ober unge* bimbene 5M6el fmben, unb tie ni(bj Praenummerirt &as fe«n,t)U?c>nnc!t au$ Dflfel&ft fin&en, unb betfeflen lie, n>ie fa jtc roptJen ge6unben baben, ober ftnDen febon ge&unbene fcen!$3smuel £tferltn. ©on&ortm foBenaucJ)' inbie neiieStabjgebracftttBerbenan $p. Kie0crDo<5r, Med. shiionctfrer. Sftac&ber crfiert ©elegen&eit mirD man aaft gebunbene in Ste2)orc? fin&en, too ji< Prsnum- merirt. tinb itjre Ouittung empfangen 5a6m. " The printer gives notice that he finds there are but few who desire unbound Bibles, and that he cannot have so many bound, nor as rapidly as they are demanded of him, though he would like to see every one satisfied. Those who do not live far from Ephrata can procure their Bibles bound or unbound, by presenting their receipts and a pay- ment of the balance. And such as have not subscribed can also find them there, and order them bound as they desire, or get them already bound of Samuel Eckerlin. " From thence the new city will also be supplied by H. Rieger, Doct. Med., in Lancaster. "At the first opportunity bound Bibles will also be sent to New York for such as have subscribed and have their receipts." From the above we are led to infer that either the whole edition, or at least the greater part of the sheets, was at 50 The German Sectarians of Pennsylvania. Ephrata and was bound there. Now, the question arises, in view of this advertisement and the finding of the peculiar watermark of the Brotherhood upon some of the sheets> were any of the sheets printed at Ephrata ? and if so, was it not the Appendix, which is in different type from the rest of the text ? Then, again, how did it happen that the edition, or so large a portion of it, came to the Ephrata bindery ? We know that it consisted of no less than twelve hundred copies. Each set of sheets weighed about five pounds, making a total in round numbers of six thousand pounds, or about 60 cwt. of freight. The means of transportation were then very crude and limited to the lumbering four- wheeled box wagon, which was the forerunner of the Conestoga wagon. The roads were primitive, mere dirt lanes, without bridges over streams or rivers. To move so great a quantity of paper back and forth without in- jury, be it either printed or blank, was a task of no mean magnitude. As Lancaster county was the chief stronghold of the Separatists, so the largest demand for the new Bible nat- urally came from that center. Johann Friedrich Rieger, who was appointed the agent at Lancaster city, did a thriving business, and so great was the demand for a time for finished copies, that it exceeded the supply as well as the capacity of the Ephrata bindery. Sauer, to help Rieger out of the difficulty, returned a number of bound Bibles to Lancaster and inserted the following notice in his paper, of February 16, 1744: " Because they at Ephrata cannot bind so many Bibles as are ordered from Herr Rieger at Lancaster, so we give notice that bound volumes will be sent thither immediately." Two months later (April 16, 1744) another notice informs the puplic that the supply was now equal to the demand : " At Herr Jacob Friedrich Rieger's in the new city of Interpolation in the Book of Job. 51 " Lancaster there are now to be had Bibles in different "bindings and prices." An agency for the sale of these Bibles was also opened in New York and in the Jerseys. The former was in charge of one Jacob Bember, and after his death was continued by his widow. The continued attacks by Muhlenberg and other clergy- men upon the orthodoxy of the new American Bible, now since the correction of the title-page, were based upon the introduction of the Berleburg text in the nineteenth chapter of the Book of Job, and upon the Brief Compend at the end 24* ^ctneweiferncngriffefmtf bUQf tmb gum tiwgen geDddjftiif? in rinen fettgeoouen tomhrn I *f. $a i$ mih t>a§ mm &Idfcr febtf.j.tjnt> er tt&t) ttt k$ti iibit Oen jlaub (1$ aafmadm : JRuMU. enoitt) mi% fymafy au§ tertc&ca eafernKffm. x6. UnD nad)&eni id) twrDe craxjcfan/ fo mtt>m fctefe fcinae af$ef est feptt# tint) ify n?crD< in mmtm (Sut&tt) Unbmer&t barna$ mit-Mclcr mtuut fyrcf um> gtbm MtUiij vnhmtbt in metnem jlsifd; ©£>« fct>eir. 27. ©enfelbenroerDeid) *>or mid) fc5auen; tnt'uu augen tt>evt>en e$ fe&en> unt> nicfrt was f rent" £e&$0?eine nisren fmb serjebwt in mcmim fcfyoofc (£u$.)SenfeU>en»er&e34> wttftifah vmb mciuc auacti nxtbeti if)ti fctjainn, urft fcin f«mD«r 3R«nc nicren finD »ewf)ret in nuinem fc&oog. as. Jennifer fprec^et: ^tett>oflentt>irir;nwr* fofgsnf tint) dnefad)c$u i(>m ftnben ? z% ^uvdj&t end) sor &em fcbroevtJr: Ocrtn Da3 f$n>ei$t if! Der im ubcr bic mnjcf f)ttf cuf Dag tfyr wijfet/ Da^ein cjeric&t f

Z CO m O H > > z o -n T> m z z CO < r < > z > Ephrata so Meek, so Low. 439 " Tis true devotion . . . and the Lord of love, Such pray'rs and praises kindly will approve, Whether from golden altars they arise, And wrapt in sound and incense reach the skies ; Or from your Ephrata, so meek, so low, In soft and silent aspirations flow. " Oh ! let the Christian bless that glorious day, When outward forms shall all be done away, When we in spirit and in truth alone Shall bend, O God ! before thy awful throne, And Thou our purer worship shalt approve By sweet returns of everlasting love." The Old Johnson House, Germantown. CHAPTER XXI. ISSUES OF THE KLOSTER PRESS. 'ontinuing our resunik of the issues of the Ephrata press, the first publication to at- tract our attention is Part I of " Beissel's Theosophical Les- sons," a quarto of 432 pages. Of these 350 are taken up with 267 lessons or lectures, all based upon his ascetic, mystic and theosophical doctrines, 44 pages are devoted to theosoph- ical proverbs, or more properly- speaking, "The Rules for a Solitary Life," while the remaining 36 pages are filled with devout and theosophical poems. The title reads : Erster Theil \ Der \ Theosophischen \ Lectionen \ Betref- fcnde die Schulen des einsamen \ Lebens. | Ephrata ge- druckt im Jahr IJ52. Another issue belonging to this immediate period is a small quarto of 32 pages — Neuer Nachklang des Gesangs der Einsamen Ttirtel Taube. It contains 12 hymns and a poem upon the " Divine Pas- Hamilton Arms. 440 Franklin's Lancaster Press. 441 sion." It was issued without any title-page or imprint, but conforms in every respect with the issi:e of 1747.186 Even while the above book was upon the press, Benjamin Franklin, becoming jealous of the Brotherhood press, and its possible influence upon the Germans in Lancaster and the adjoining counties, planned to establish a German and Eng- fgrlicr SMI lecfiotuit/ 2kttfffcn&e &ic ®d>u(cn Ui euifamat Scrotf. ephrata flc&mtft un 3abs 17S2, ber cinftimen lauSe. ©OtMfi.-fj bodj fliii cr()fn,bai teif Mm gteff ©to mi* (jat fo tdtcrlia) gtrlflcn au« Ml SBtlt, tin Id; wt »ltlem€tl& efft war wn ©airTjtn miiDf, urn alio nur alicin ju tbun,n>a« tn gcfdDr. Sffilt frru'big foru ju man Cebtn felbf), auft rtu= tc id; balb ntlcd fatjrfii fafltn, Icrft Ijlii grivagt: fnnfi bu ban tval fid; Jan grofc ©utfor)auf» frb/nju?"irf) niulija faft »cr> fig frben (nflin. gtfjtn veil grofcm £attcn!(ib, 4. U.obrSglcfrfjrrjor)lfdjrlnf, well bu niajr r)6rlr mnnSlitm old n>dre Id) wgcfltn, fo Mr 1. irbmiriiod;ffebrnt>rp. flufrauiiien, bafi inuli frijnroie.Dbglrtd; bet 3aniiiier gtcii in wirrraufbclnerl'rbtn&^nbiibrnbetrubtrnxagrn, fororrbe Id) tjnt'Cjn uiiibidjnitinSiIlciJidjbodjnodjBon ©ottcS8u» r)iiigrben,mib bab tcrpaUniriiUK fagrn. jag cm ruincrfia)c4 ttbcti. r. 2)od; iff annorp jut 3<(» ). 3ft bann uergeffrrt flarjberfelbe 2to(l wtborgen, teui lish printing office in Lancaster city, which would counter- act such influence. For this purpose Franklin in 1751 sent a press with a lot of German and English type to Lancaster, and the " New Printing Office, near the Market," was opened the same year. It appears to have been in charge of one James Chattin. The only issue was an almanac for 1752. Chat- tin was soon recalled to Philadelphia, the office removed to King street and reopened under a new management with increased facilities. Both German and English printing was to be done there, — the former by Heinrich Miller, the latter by Samuel Holland. 186 ke oniy known copy is in the collection of the writer. 442 The German Sectarians of Pennsylvania. Sw^H > ° 55 u *-* w w S o E ^> ^ c/ S- ja S3 *-* «"^ t-» ^**>* ^^ ^t^ CO 5 00 ,J3 g<-° ° 2"eo e^-SP^ Ji- ll 5" or2 «vj «g «s « •=• -a c .a o 2 S » Hoc >.^ _ ^ ~ >-* -* S«5 e. o,*3 'Stjo .55 " C3 ..S-E^B q-gWjs-g Co #T3 w •— i . o S o •_ g rt ^> 3 o ^5 c> g S'i-e - £.S*> « fights c^-fi-a s=t;a«i ** r* c ;^ •** £5 S «-» £2 o O JS rs -H 3 = -f? 3 *^ ^ *3 s.. ^-v ^r ^3 *^^ ^Ci 2.S.3 *sS«Ji y,»fe» S-9 -^O «» Lancaster Gazette. 443 The first issue of this press under the new management, so far as known, was a circular letter of the Reformed Con- gregations, setting forth the successful results of Rev. Michael Schlatter's collecting tour.187 By far the most important issue of this press, however, was a newspaper published fortnightly : Die I Lancasterschc | Zeitung : \ Oder, \ Ein Kurzer Be- griff\ Der \ Hanplsachlichsten Ans- \ landisch- und Ein- hei- I mischen Neuigkciten. The | Lancaster Gazette : | or, I A Compendium | of the | Most material Foreign | and Home News. This was a folio 13x854 inches. The first number was issued January 15, 1752, and was printed in German and English in parallel columns, the bilingual heading being separated by the Hamilton Arms. Eleven numbers were issued by the firm of Miller & Holland, then a disagree- ment arose between the two men and Miller withdrew from the firm, and in the twelfth number of the newspaper the imprint was changed so as to read, Printed by S. Holland at the Post-office in King Street. The enterprise did not prosper, as it failed to receive the support of either the English or Germans of the interior counties. The last number (31) bears the date of June 5, 1753. Franklin by this time had become thoroughly dissatisfied with his venture and sold the plant to Hol- land, taking in payment therefor his bond dated June 14, 1753, for 200 pounds, a fac-simile of which is here presented.188 Accompanying this bond is the curious agreement,189 also presented in fac-simile on page 445. This arrangement proved far from satisfactory to Frank- lin. Early in the year Holland was ousted, and William 197 Only known copy in Library at the Hague. 183 Original in collection of American Philosophical Society. 189 Ibid. 444 The German Sectarians of Pennsylvania. Hdd and firmly bound unto ^^t*^„ • jS7^* ^» in ifca Scai of %yu^t) ?/i*<*2 xJT) &£;wtj>zr — -,, L.wtoMoiieyof.X^^ ,0 be paid tome did J^,*^>^/C&^. Al^ «=- _ - certain Attorney, Executors, Ad. mWftrator* or Aflijh* TV whichTaymem well and truly to be madj, ' inthrYeargfouttardOnelncAfandSevea Hundred enda!/^^- 1^*" in the A^^lYeac ^Hut of the Reign of bur Sovereign Lord &vx by the Grace of God. "King of ISrtef Britain. &c THE Condition of this Obligation Mich, That if the AboVe-boundett *^&m«*^ P^/en^-kJ Heirs, Ewcutors, Adminiflraiors, or any of them, lhalt and do well and truly tlayorcaufc to bejpaid unto rhe above-narawl- o~f **n*~ ^f«*~&&*>, & certain Artorney, Executors, AdtruaitaoM.ot Afligns, the juft and foil Sum of £3WWW r£pgTt . lawful Money atarcGud, on the ^ . ^ *J* S __ •-■ - - - -■** - ■** nf rtirtfcm* aSs^^S/^TK" /***™*s without any Fraud or further Delay, then ^TfcoveOhEgattoa «» ** Void. «»#» be and remain la full Ftwce and Virtue. Staid ani DitivmJM / Bond Printed by Samuel Holland at Lancaster, and given to benjamin franklin. Samuel Holland. 445 ft-Al**' ^/Wssi.*.^e.g $6^i£x-a3 ^«a^<£ir /- 44^y*y/'/&4>' /j&^C /*'£- 4e^ U~ **<*4 ^*- ^pr *£. ^^^ /w?*^ q&£^ 9*<4*4 0y4~*$&zr t^^Xi^t^/^iit^^?^**^, C ~ " Agreement between Franklin and Holland. 446 The German Sectarians of Pennsylvania. Dimlap became manager of Franklin's press at Lancaster, February 1, 1754, remaining there until April 1, 1757, when he too went to Philadelphia. The following bill is among the Franklin papers in the American Philosophical Society : William Dunlap to Benjamin Franklin, Dr., To hire of my Printing Office at Lancaster from February 1, 1754, until April 1, 1757, is 3 Years & 2 Months @ ^20. per An' m ,£61.13.4. We know of no Ephrata imprints bearing date of 1753. That the Brethren in the printing office were not idle is Watermark Adopted by the Community after the Expulsion of the Eckerlins. shown by Acrelius, who notes that they were engaged upon large pieces, some two, others three ells long (4 and 6 feet) engraved on wood, for printing tablets, consisting of verses Wondrous Paradisaical Concert. 447 or passages of Scripture. This is the earliest mention of what we would now call poster blocks, or wood engraving upon a large scale in this country. None of these posters have corne down to us. In the Dauuer collection of Manheim there are three engraved blocks, such as were used to print linens, these are said to have been made at the Ephrata Kloster. Early in the next year, 1754, however, there was printed the folio known as the Paradisisches Wunderspiel (Para- disaical Wonder-Music, or more properly, Wondrous Para- disaical Concert). A full description of this issue, together with a fac-simile of its title-page, has been given in a pre- vious chapter.190 This book of 212 pages bears the imprint Ephrattc Sump- tibus Socictaiis, and is one of the most remarkable specimens of Pennsylvania book-making. The text begins on the re- verse of the title. The page is not quite 14 inches in length. Most of the space was given to staff lines, the notes being filled in with the pen. Provision was made for choruses of four parts, in some pieces for six and even seven parts. The text over the staff consists partly of hymns, partly of adaptations from the Song of Solomon and the Apocalypse. Altogether there are forty-nine pieces. The end of each musical phrase is marked by more or less elaborate penwork in two or three colors, amounting occasionally to an illumi- nation, generally in the shape of a floral design.191 The Wunderspiel was followed with a German version of Bunyau's " Pilgrim's Progress," issued in two volumes duodecimo of 280 and 264 pages respectively, at the expense of the Brotherhood : Eines Christen \ Reise \ Nach der seeligen \ Ewigkeit, etc. Durch I Joh : Bunian, \ Lehrer in Betford, | Urn seiner Fiirtrefflichkeit willen in \ die Hoch-Teutsche Sprache iiber- 190 Cf. p. 150. 191 See page 316, ibid. 448 The German Sectarians of Pennsylvania. setzt. I Ephrata in Pennsylvania. | Drucks und Verlags der Bruderschafft, | Anno 1754. A fac-simile of the title-pages of both first and second volumes are here shown. xiaft txc mm W& Jv I tt t v 1 1 tl> IClfCtf/ atnftcrcr 5Wf, -y. ,Y SBormnm unter oettgm 3Be($-f c^mttsiMhmt 3n ntttrftieMtctyn crtfaett wmu ^uuvwi einnen^ilDmi/ *"•*«. ro,t/ aC „*«* JTx,!tt*«* ' ©* G&riffcn QBcft 11. XlnJxrwe gcf^rricfit 9wf< tmcr euofftflgm un& @0tt»fttqjm£fll 9nfi9t md* ^m. »Jfifj JOH: BUN1AN 3« OttfUftcr eg** ***** 3n ^^ epMd) bf fd)riebrt/ JOH: BUNIAN, .n»»^^^gj««f*« »«***• Urn fetnct 6$f mtffi! S wilktt ill C J? $J' J^?! J§2£?n EPHRATA in Pcnnfylvariiit EPHRATA fll Pennfylvania gjflitf* unt> 2JtrIaa* o«r QJriUcrjyjaff, few** iitrt Serial Dot r 1755. Sm 3tcim£l)ali>erSKimttl) wm &cu ©omen fcenwr sefoac&feiL 21ttc$ au$ iter ©d?iDcftcrfr*tn ©tfefr fcfeafft in S AEON. 5m Mi Iti&M 17J6. The hymns of the Sister, hood follow, 4to., 28 pp. : Ein I Angenehmer Ge- ruch der \ Rosen tind Lilien j Die im Thai der Demuth unter \ den Dornen hervor gewachsen. \ A lies ans der Schwesterlichen Gesell- \ sckafft in Saron. \ Im Jahr des Heils 1756. To this was added an ap- pendix of 18 pages under the title of Nachgesanimelter An hang zu dem Rosen und Lilien. 450 The German Sectarians of Pennsylvania. No issues of the Ephrata press bearing dates of 1757 or 1758 are known ; none have come down to us, and there is but a single one of 1759, viz. : M. Tobias Wagner^ s Abschieds-Rede an seine Lutherische Gemeinden in Pennsylvanien, welche er zu unterschiedlichcn Zeiten als Prediger alle 14. Tage oder 4 Wochen bedienet, vor- nehmlich in 1. Richmond von 1743 bis 1759. 2. Ruscombauer M. Tobias Wagners "" I749 ** I?59' * an feme gutftettftye ©tmrin&en in Penn- Ivanien fyh von Windsor von 1758 bis 1 759. 4. Earltown von 1749 bis 1755. 5. Lancaster von 1 75 1 bis 1753. 6. Bern von 1745 to 1750. 7. Z>z//- pehakin von 1743 to 1746. 8. Allemangel von 1749 to I754- 9- -£^r Protestan. Kirche von 1744 to 1746. 10. Frcunds Kirche von 1744 to 1746. 11. North Kill von 1744 to 1746. 12. Elsats von 1748 to 1752. 13. Reading, etliche mal angenommen, etliche malabgedanckt. Ephratce Typis Societatis. i/jp. It appears that in 1760 Simon Kouig, one of the traveling companions of Beissel across the ocean, published a laudatory essay wherein he designates the Ephrata Community "as the most devout in the whole world." No copy of this work is known, nor is the future history of the author. It appears that Konig after his land operations in Lancaster county must have suffered some reverse, and, becoming tired of the van- ities and turmoil of the world, sought rest within the Klos- SBcfcfc «3u unffrfcfckMtowi geifat >'I6 fprcfa'qcr nllc 14. £(ig oDet4. SBocijcit be&tcuet; write Ouilty in 1. 9ftiim»Mj6 vtn 1743. M* 1759. 2. 9wi?rctnf'nicr kii 1749. US 17J9. 4- ^orlfpron wa 1749. bt<$ i7SJ. J. i«n«(?CT Mil i7Ji. bis 17^3. 6- Qton wn J74T bis 17J0. 7- StolMfwfln von 1745 bif '"T4& 8. 2fgui744. 6(61746. 10 .S'KiinM.fi'lrclkipcm 1744.111s 1746. n. 9?i>rtfc.Rill »oni744 bis 1746. 12. 7fi- 13. 9C<«6ing cdidic mal anauKitimtn, crtidjt mot afrgtixincft. EPHRATjE Typis Foactatis. MDCCLIX, Brotherhood Imprints. 451 ter. No mention of his death appears in the Register, at least not under his family name. The next Ephrata issue known to us is a duodecimo of 39 pages, it was also printed by and at the expense of the Brotherhood : Abgeforderte \ Relation | der Erscheinung | eines entlcib- ten Geists \ Dem Publico zar Nachricht getreulich \ aus dcm Munddercr, die von An- \ fang bis ans Ende mit inleressirl, I aufgesclirieben. \ Ephratce Typis <2f Consensu Socielatis, I Anno Domini MDCCLXI. Sffyjcfbr&CttC RELATION let erfaftmmg dnc$ ciMtcn ©cift§ $Xm Publico jut 0to$rf#t getmiffcg <*U$ Dcm 9Jtua& fccret, tic von 8tu fang Hi an$(£ift e mit mmcifa t, aufgefefcrteben. Uttb fcc tev (gctft *>or mfe ribet gmg W (iurtbc.i mt'r bie $aarc $u Berg \t< alt mtnem tetbe. 6:ob iv-i*. >& (Sfcfdng &er ctnfamen £urtel«£- acMnfltem ©efprW jwifcfim (EWff unfc bcr <5ee(en. 2ttr«wm«n jjetrcgtD con einemwol3eprftf|tf» **W*«8!WWM*I 1W|> fotfitr JCfuCWftft » l^^^l •' Anno 1762. 454 Th^ German Sectarians of Pennsylvania. says "printed and published by the Brotherhood," it was a private venture of one Godfrey Zeusinger, of Kiisterin, Ger- many. Nothing is known of the above Godfrey Zeusinger. In the very next year, however, one J. George Zeisiger appears to have control of one of the presses of the clois- ter, upon which he prints several books, which were not Kloster publications. In the year 1763 we have two series of imprints. A Ger- man edition of Benezet's " Observations on the Enslaving, Importing and Purchasing of Negroes." This was printed by the Brotherhood, but at the expense of some Friends : Eine\ kurtze vorstellung AFRICA, NEGROES, des theils von \ Africa, \ Welches bewohnt wiral von Negroes, \ Darinnen beschrieben wiral die fruchtbarkeit des- \ selben landes, die gutartigkeit dessen einwohner, | und wie man daselbst den scla- ven-handel treibt. | Zwey- mal in Engldndischer sprache undminzum drit- tenmal\und das der Hoch- teutschen Nation sur mit- leidenlichen \ betrachtnng des zustands ihrer armen mitgeschdpffen, in ih- \ rer Sprache, heraus gegeben. Ephrata Drucks der Soci- etal auf Kosten et- \ licher freunden. Anno Domini MDCCLXIII. The other series bears the imprint of the above-mentioned 5>arWj [Uf* feltxa nra$rt,W«MMtt8Wtl*fitn rt«tw&ntr, SulMiOAm (to* wrfctyefcnra Amhorca, urtt frtrsa* sjrftnftcn, miffit n bifmsttt Wh on tea 8« H<*> a?it« *tffl&rims ntnOxx fSrifrt'**" i«t*nuflleo *on *» HMtMn na&mfafftcn pcrfoiim t\S: (StorgCTOaflW/ $**»!} Aute&usfon mt> 3«ob Softer/ 1ft* rintn UWiiig nun jiun WtKnmaJ, «a *a« *? %&.imtf£ Peru, in SBcft^neicn j un I insSemem "a~ S',!,t |W*- beyfindet. \ In zwei Biich- •M&uibivKb ibm 1669 ^« I Vormals im Span- I.lnpnunum ffitirr QJdx'rciTrictjfcit tviilm ?nm ischenbeschrie- I bendurch <-iT:nmj| nut .(>* naifiN uIhtm*, wit turn j>i,f . „ ., ' _ . . tfjrcctr, M;rd> Albaro Alonso Barba. o„ y »1*.,t Pfarrherrzu St. Bernards WeW ciiitin nmen anfiang bcfrrftnft Kirchspielin der \ Kaiscr- ^atfr'e lichen Stadt Potosi, in dem t p h r a t a ^5. I nigreich Peril, in w*mmj.*Kgm* *,...., WesxUI*dien . im , >Ar /<5<5/. I Hernach in das Engl'dndische iibersetzt durch Edward, Graff \ von Sandwich. Anno /66p. | Und nun um seiner Vortrefflichkeit willen zum \ erstenmal ins Hoch- deutsche iibersetzt, und zum Druck \ befordert, durch \ G. R. j Dieser Kunst Befiiessenen. | Nebst einem neuen Anhang betreffend \ Materie. \ Ephrata \ Gedruckt durch J. Georg Zeisiger, Anno 1763.194 This appendix contains a number of medical and industrial receipts. 456 The German Sectarians of Pennsylvania. It is not known who was the hermetic philosopher "G. R." at whose expense this book was printed. After the year 1763 the name of Zeisiger ceases to appear upon the 1 - ■ 1 n Tar— — t~~~" •^ftjT rffrh n5Sz 1 r,.L°.i rr ^ n — r L,l I ,|3» J." , ■' at— miii-rr^_: JfMfl Plate in Barba's Book on Metals. a Deep dish of iron or copper, £ Hood of still, c Spout, d Tripod. e Dish water to catch the quicksilver. / Oven, g Mouth, k Opening to draw ashes, i Opening, k Chimney. publications. From other entries found in different Ephrata manuscripts it would appear that the Zeisiger family were Bollinger Genealogy. 457 members of the congregation, as in the Register we find Eva Rebmanin (Zeisigerin) d. Feb. 8, 1791. In the same year was printed at Ephrata the Bollinger genealogy. This literary curiosity consisted of two pages, one of which is reproduced in fac-simile. The only known copy is in the collection of Dr. W. H. Egle, of Harrisburg. Upon the first page are mentioned the following members of the Bollinger family : Daniel Bollinger, b. March 28, 1728. Magdalena Bollinger, b. December 15-16, 1730. Anna Bollinger, b. February 14, 1732. Elizabeth Bollinger, b. March 15, 1734. Barbara Bollinger, b. January 15-16, 1736. Christian Bollinger, b. January 1, 1738. This is undoubtedly the first printed Pennsylvania gene- alogy. In the following year, 1764, new patrons of the Ephrata press come upon the scene. These were the German Bap- tist brethren west of the Susquehanna, in the present Frank- lin county, which was then commonly known as the Cone- cocheague Valley. Many Dunkers had settled in this fertile valley, whose relations with the Antietam and Bermudian communities were of a friendly character. Here, as well as in the Shenandoah Valley, the First and Seventh-day Bap- tists lived side by side without any clashing. It was at the request and cost of the First-day Dunkers that the Brother- hood printed an American edition of the ten books of Abdias' "Apostolic Conflict." It is a i2mo. of 388 pages: Vonder \ Historia \ Des \ Apostolischen Kampffs, | Zehen Bucher, \ Wie sie der Abdias anfdnglich in Hebrdischer \ Sprache beschrieben, Entropius aber ins Griechische \ tend Julius Africamts ins Lateinische ilbersetzt haben. I u. s. w. Vormals in Amsterdam : men aber in Ephrata ge- \ druckt dnrch die Bruderschafft auf Kosten der \ Bruderin Canegot- schiken, im Jahr 1764. 458 The German Sectarians of Pennsylvania. ®88W §3m£|a6t WfU mi, Den jten ^ojUMft tm*^ 4fm XtQttt $>3$ «DeS39T<£ «Stt Conaeftogue. gift i2g g3m3o5r Cftrlfll 1743/ tatgRarttu*, ffiunfcttiff Sbo&ren an tier Conneftogue. Silt 20 jafyt, 176 \j& iS^v Gbnm 174%, Den i2ten (September^ i«B mme 9*U2>£>£ feint ruariu$,& H-5«93l 35D££39*®er Qcfwrtfeffifunft: |g jMj ?92on& in 3»iateg, 29. § 3upl«r»nb qRMg, 18, £$ Jl ©fliimjn SBaflcrman.22. * 2Kartun& &:<&*, o. L?§ $3* ©oflimii* un& SBafftr*? 23cb;i* unt> gtfcfce, 18. p| igl itian, 4, § SDfcrcuttu* «un& Stfcfic, +M Specimen Page of the Bollinger Genealogy. The earliest Pennsylvania!! genealogy- known to have been printed. Apostolic Struggle. 459 At the end appears the following colophon : Hcec Apostolorum alioritmque primi&vi Christianorem testimonia ego Pet. Miller {alias Frater Jaebez) typis at que consensjc Societatis EpJiratcnsis in lucem emisi, omnibus Christian! nominis hominibus, qui has ultimas orbis oras inhabitant ad cedificationcm, ut inde discaut, quales illos opporteat esse, qui hanc sectantur viam. Anno a partu virginis MDCCLXIV. Stilts IpojfolifdKit lampp/ SSi< ft btt Abdias asfdnglKft m $cfcrftif4pj«9 oicr Aw. ©rfcc&lfcfcf* mb "Julias Zfrientuia AW htdnl^n ufc«r|'(?, n« $ctffjen JflUrcsV £ltftbigert Re&eo 3£0U/ Stcmmt i'war n( |§3mxWtf £'&K!H 1756/ Dcniitai $ebtuarUi$,§ &9}tt>tf<$cn 7 un& 8 Ufa gpiorae**! $ $$59t$cSi fif$>*9R %D$l?39to$§K jut SaSett-ge6o^ jgjccn an Dec Conneftogue. Sofye&ttf 3>toncten$ Merfc^ienen in tot €kburtfc€>tunDe: |g §| SOfonMngt&IBtag/a* 5 3ttpltcr-nn& QBaffj, 18. 5$ J| @jmncf Ipofiolifdjett lampjfS/ SBie ft ta Abdias aaftngl'4 m $tbrdif$« <3prax; frtitfrKbn, (£ueropu»(9 o6cr d(« fctflfgen tfferci/ CUmentto/ Cipriani unfr 2p«0tfMrt»; VbnifaMe fhtirii* Bnjefieiirftft £itbt>ibn*tt tPavtttftfe* Datfife dtafrjrt; Rthp ttUAro I'nar nf$( <9 3un0fcAtt Cf?ecl4. 93ormaMto Amfterdatn; nan obet in Eph«ta gf» ttocft butcb btefcr&Betfc&affr, auf wffen t« SBtf&rcto CaoegotOiikcn, fm 30^17*4. The same year was printed a German account of the mas- sacre of a number of friendly Indians in Lancaster county by the so-called Paxton boys. This bore no imprint : 460 The German Sectarians of Pennsylvania. Historische \ Nachricht | von dem \ neidich in Lancaster County durch tinbekante \ Personen ausgefuhrten \ Bhitbade I uber eine | Anzahl Indianer, | welche Freunde dieser Provinz war en. | Mit einigen hinzu gefugten \ Anmerkun- gen. I Aus dem Englishen ilbersetzt. | Gedruckt im JaJir 1764. This was followed by an edition of the " Gospel of Nico- demus the Disciple ;" it was an octavo of 52 pages, and is frequently bound together with the previous book. Des I Jihigcrs Nicodemi | Evangelium | vonunsers Meis- ters und | Heylands Jesu Christi Ley- \ den tind Anfcr- stehnng. I Ephrata: \ Gedruckt im Jahr MDCCLXLV. LETTER, FROM ZM ilgett HicoJeini Dattgeliam Son unfer^ SReifterS mb EPHRATA: ©f&rutft m 3a&t MDCCLXiv Another issue of the year was an anti-Quaker pam- phlet of eight pages. This was printed for outside par- ties whose identity is un- known : "A 1 etter from Batista An- geloni, who resided many years in London, to his friend Manzoni, wherein the Quak- ers are politically and religiously considered. To which is added, ' The Cloven Foot Discovered.' Ephrata." Batifta Angelonf, Who refidtd many Yean inLONDOK MANZONI. Wherein the Qoare&S arepolftieSJIyfflifl.Klig'ooflp tonfidcred- Tl» whidiif added, The Cloven-Foot dilcGverecl, REM FACIAS— CTOCUNCTOE.MODO KM XX BR AT A* Ccunf/ tf £A&CASTE& Wunderspiel. 461 We know of but a single imprint bearing the date 1 765. This was an English version of Beissel's Wicndersclwift : "A Dissertation on Man's Fall. Translated from the High-German. [Original seal. ] Printed: Ephrata Anno MDCCLXV. Sold at Philadelphia by Messieurs Christoph Marshal and William Dunlop." The translation was by Prior Jaebez. A full description together with a fac-simile of title will be found in the preceding volume, pages 419-422. The next year, 1766, brought another large hymn-book. The general title is similar to the folio of 1754. The con- tents, however, are entirely different. The former one was a book of anthems and choruses, the present one merely an ex- tensive collection of Ephrata hymns, 725 in number. Most of these had already been printed in the Franklin hymn-books of 1730-36, and in the Turtel Tanbe and its appendices. A preface was added to this collection, written by Prior Jaebez, wherein he touches upon the salient points of the Ephrata theosophy, the organiza- tion and peculiar features of the Community and merits of Conrad Beissel. The Wunderspiel is di- vided into four parts : (1) Composed of 441 hymns, all written by Beissel ; (2) contains 72 hymns, all written by the Brethren except a few taken from Rock and Tersteegen ; (3) 100 hymns contributed by the Sisterhood of Saron under the sub-title Ein ange- nchmer Geruch der Lilien und Rosen; (4) 11 1 hymns chiefly composed by members of the secular congregation. !UHfrr-Hptfly 3n Mm k$fcn3#tn unb Sagcun Jtitfn 3tfmS» \M\$m SStlt'-iMrc/ fdismaditttten UriO <*t1dirtm$ tor »r&eit/ fo 311 bet (gOttfeliflWt ftfbfc* '«* tw.6offf5UK3 b& «axg«* ttktnt/ Tit. 1 v. I, 3" 3taa onft SMtroort f5r Mc airtoniincntie 3ts? ocnt), rooMircb fcit fclbe ju ctnet Ijcilfauien Cebc»^Ucbunfi roo*(e §mit$ nn& gcbcnc&t wttDtn- Pfalm cxix 9. VOiemABbtib em IJtfnglma ftintnXCtg bftgbeiTrften/bfinn in fteiffct fycmns bet ©ebotteo ^CHtes? £xc 5P«rb«'t sum St flea- Ephrata Typis Societati* Anno MDCCLXDT. The year 1769 was ushered in by the issue of a Mennonite tract {Christliches Gemuths-Gesprach) by Gerhard Roosen, 464 The German Sectarians of Pennsylvania. upon religion and religious institutions, written in the usual colloquial style of the period. It was an octavo of 168 pages. Following this edition we have a second one in 1770. This was a i2mo. of 248 pages, and was occasionally bound with a second edition of the Ernsthafte Christenpflicht of 1745, which was also a i2mo. of 99 pages. This edition was printed by and at the expense of the Brotherhood. ©cmutf)^@ffi)ra(& TQtn item ®TfifNtc§m unt> |?[i'9ttia$m&m imUw, una ' erfdntnttg t>et- 5Bav!jetf: fo ju tw ©ottfeligfat fitfjretto to ^offhung t>c<* mi&tn &btttf, Tit. i, 1. 9fa$ gtcfjf gcgcfcm 3« $raertP4>fott sum Beffcn/ Ephrata: Typis Socfatatfr Anno MD C C L X X 2>ti ern(il)a(fte Stiffen * ^fitefct, S>annncn (Stb&ttX, 2>armtt iillcn 3:itcn nnB in alien SRo= t|jra trtfkn Knnra. EPHRATA, tDracfg u. 25ct[«ia« !*r «8iuWtf$flfft Anno MDCCLXX In 1 771 Albert Conrad Reben printed at the Kloster, by consent of the Brotherhood, a German Almanac : Der Americanische Calender anfdas xyj2stejahr Christi. Ephrata mit Bcwilligung der Bricderschaft gedruckt von Albert Conrad Reben. Nothing is known of the identity of this publisher, nor does there appear to have been any subsequent issues. Delicice Ephratenses. 465 The only one known for the year 1772 was a broadside, a spiritual hymn printed upon the occasion of Johann Hein- rich Otto's suicide ; it is a folio of a single page. In the year 1773 an effort was made to utilize a large number of printed sheets of Beissel's mystical writings then stored in the loft of the Brother House ; they were part of the editions of 1745. When these were first printed they were issued as the Geistliche Reden and Zionitischen Stiffts, I Theii, later as Holie Zengnusse. Both of the latter have been fully de- scribed in a previous chapter. Of the Geistliche Reden only a single copy is known bearing the original title. DelkiaEphratenfes, Pars I. (D5« ixs tl)ttcdtbiBta 10atta» ', $t\tbfam @ottre<$t/ SEtt>!an& ettffttt* unB Sujrtrt 6rt CftftfUktm Otfciw tor SiaHimta in errata tn Pinsivlvani^ ffieiftlic&e 9tttf& Ai vilhim ftrvmrt fccih ejl: ftmanm tf vu, & ad- moJitm frtfe baiitat. A-111 virtutrm mitemfitbrtm Dii ffumat, bngiaupu wan G? triuam. Plato lib. XL dc rep. Delicto? Epbrate fifes, Pars H. Obtt bto tbrwtltbiflen VJ>att«& 3rt cbfam ©ottrec&t/ SWanB 6Hffta< tm& Sufercris M (Jbtifdidtu Dtttai tn mithtt in tern ^Cwn ! KfcrtfiWJrWjB ifl bie StwegOM/ b«tm*tbmalfc«r ymfottt* fl |«1<* Sfrael, }»r Effbefiinjajj ihrts Isixii* j,n& tOcline wttcrgij«» &«/ fjaenbe; Earn (* ifl 3''' D«»i)ecni jufudxrt. •flof. 10, u. ©bgirid) w. ?. ubtrbaupc feint 5tf» <(V fcj hum txrt Vjxrtai m'chl fu.ixn («Ue; |b gibo eo both otttrbtttg* «& gw wffti ttfonben S(it« UwltAnbc/ barum <• «or anbertn 3ci«it out Clotti tburbm ^'£r«n sufntbcu/ nnb p*5i»3bmtjubefebr«it/ warn* raqnaitbtrfl' em^-firrett nocb pntxr unb ftincr <0i».*x tbtObiftig vottttn wtiL "10>4roi •KroUcb.bfr {.USrr tin V«liii btt (Sate t 11 0 enter eeefen &tfn ®&tt uttf> bcffta Q5ectent»or> un& vdr efae Seek/ (i n4d) e» tea <5«gcm»tWt vnb VercinwmQ buret) fcine <3n«t>e iff fccgimjj rcorbcrt. t'srthenopolis: (Bf&turft Anno 1 7 7 f, wt 3acob JCframO. Nothing of importance issued from the press of the Brotherhood during the Revolutionary period. All that is known are two broadsides containing hymns, emanating from and printed in 1776 for the Antietan Congregation : Das Raben-Geschrey, by Andreas Schneeberger ; a poem of ten strophes. Die Sti?n??te der Turtel Taube, by Sister Barbara Schnee- berger ; a poem of eight strophes. During the years 1777-78, the finances both of the united Colonies as well as of the Province of Pennsylvania were in dire straits, a condition which was augmented during the British occupation of Philadelphia. Votes were passed 468 The German Sectarians of Pennsylvania. by both the Assembly and Continental Congress authorizing the issue of paper currency in enormous amounts. Thus, March 20, 1777, the State Assembly authorized the issue of ^200,000 in bills of credit for the defense of the State.195 The cuts and plates for these notes were en- graved and cast by Michael Schubart. The paper was made at the Wilcox Mill and printed by John Dunlap.196 Large as was this sum, it was a mere bagatelle in com- parison with the $25,000,000 authorized by Congress be- tween197 May 20, 1777, and January, 1779. The contract for printing these bills was given to Hall & Sellers and taxed the facilities of the different country presses to the utmost. It is here where the tradition comes in that a large number of sheets198 were printed upon the Kloster presses at Ephrata, upon paper specially made at the Ephrata mills.199 This was said to have been of a bluish hue. The specimens here shown are of this kind. The old tradition connecting the issues of Continental currency and the Ephrata press during the years 1777-78 is undoubt- edly based upon fact. The first issue after the war was over was a broadside. It was a eulogy in memory of Sister Melania, who died in in the Sister House, September 11, 1784. Ein Denckmahl aufgerichtet zum heiligen Andencken der H. Jungfrau nnd Schwester Melania in Saron, als sie den 1 1 ten September, 1784. Ein Erbauliches Liebesmahl for die gemeinshafft gehalten. The only known imprint of the Ephrata press for the year 1785 was a third edition of the Emsthaftc Christen- pflicht. It was a 12 mo. of 199 pages. 195 Journals of the Assembly, p. 131. 198 Ibid, p. 208. 197 Journal of Congress, vols, iii and iv. 198 Each sheet contained eight notes, one each of the following denomi- nations : four, five, six, seven, eight, twenty, thirty, and forty dollars. 199 Taken out of circulation by act of Congress January 2, 1779, on account of all denominations having been counterfeited: Journal of Con- gress, vol. v, p. 7. ( 'ontinental Currency. 469 470 The German Sectarians of Pennsylvania. % ^irtij &QLL&RS. f 'Printed Cy H A L L ad S E L.~% LERS. 1773. <& I jTOggggg DOLLARS Under New Management. 471 In the next year, 1786, an attempt was made to again infuse more or less life into the Ephrata printing office. This was now taken in charge by Prior Jaebez and Brother Obed. One of the issues was the well-known Chronicon Chronicon Ephratenfe, f&itfWtf»& ben 4cbctt9=2.auf bea nvtfr&j(je»t Vcitet* in Cbttffo grtebfam ©ottrc^t, <5Jn)!an6 ©tifftcr* una 93ortfef)crtf DeS geiftl. Dtitni Dcr ©nfamm to Ephmta hi Itt ©fttffc&aft Lancafter i(| Penniyivania. Bitfameu getraaen ton 23r* Lamech u* Agrippa. gr iff ixmc pas §cuct cincg (SolDfcfymieDg, unt) rote Me (Seijfe Der (JCdfcf)ct: (St roirD Die SCinDcr £eoi reiniaen roie <£5olD nnD ©ilber. 931ala#. 3» 2. 3, €d i|t Die 3t am #aufe ®otte$, fo aber jucrft an nng, roast rotll &or ein SnDe rocrDeti tntt Dcneri/ Die Dem <&>angelio OotteS nirt)t giauben. UnD fo Der ©ercctyte fummcrlidj erl)alteu roirD/ rote TDiflt &«r ©ottlofc unD ©unDer etftf>eincn 1. $etr. 4? 17- 18- EPHRATA: ©f&rutft Anno MDCCLXXXVI. Ephratense, which next to des Blntigen Shau-Platzes or Martyrer Spiegel was the most important issue of the Ephrata press. 472 The German Sectarians of Pennsylvania. This book has thus far been the principal source of infor- mation relative to the history of our Mystic Community on the Cocalico. It was in fact, however, a mere abstract of the Diary of the Brotherhood which had been kept by Brother Lamech, who died in 1763. Such parts as were printed by Prior Jaebez were intended as a eulogy to the late founder and superintendent, Conrad Beissel. Jaebez evidently succeeded Lamech as the diarist, consequently both he and Lamech appear upon the title-page as the compilers, Prior Jaebez using the Latin equivalent Agrippa for his Kloster name. ^>^i^u^ fr$,~se4-nr*j^ ;A-rt**-y\ m Endorsement on Fly Leaf of Alexander Mack's Copy of Chronicon Ephratense. Original in Historical Society of Pennsylvania. The compilation of this book was commenced a few years after the death of Father Friedsam, the intention being to issue simultaneously both a German and English version. When the German version was finished a clean transcript was made, and translated into English by Prior Jaebez. This was completed just prior to the invasion of Pennsyl- vania by the British in 1777, when the English MS. was taken by Jaebez and Obed personally to their Philadelphia correspondent, Christopher Marshall, who was then sojourn- ing in Lancaster city, with the request that he revise the An English Version. 473 English version. Christopher Marshall thus notes the in- cident in his diary : " August 15, 1777. To writing, being engaged at times for this week past in correcting the Annals of the Brethren of Ephrata, left with me by Peter Miller and Obed when here to visit me." " August 21, 1777. This afternoon I finished my correcting of the manuscripts, or History of the Brethren of Ephrata, con- taing four hundred and eighty-eight quarto pages. ' ' " December 27, 1777. I spent the evening at home examin- ing part of [the] History of Ephrata brought me by Peter Miller for my inspection and correction." The seizure of the buildings for hospital purposes and the troubles incident to the Revolution evidently prevented the printing of the Chronicon at that time. When finally, after peace was declared, a renewed effort was made to publish the book. However, the German ver- sion alone was printed. It was a quarto of 450 pages. It would be interesting to know what became of the English manuscript as corrected by Christopher Marshall. As some of Marshall's books and papers are said to be still in exist- ence, there is a bare possibility that this literary curiosity might yet at some future day be brought to light.200 Another fact that strengthens the above statement that the Chronicon was compiled before the Revolution is shown by the fact that no mention is made of Revolutionary inci- dents except in a mere foot-note.201 Three other issues attract our attention for this year. The first, an octavo of 44 pages, was a translation of an English pamphlet upon the condition of the Indians : Etliche I Annierkungen \ iiber den \ Zustand und Ge- ninths- I Beschaffenheit \ Der \ Indianischen Einwohner \ 200 An English translation of the Chronicon, by Rev. J. Mark Hart, was published in Lancaster, 1790. 201 Vide p. 240 supra. 474 The German Sectarians of Pennsylvania. Dieses \ Welttheih. \ Ans dem Englischen ubersctst. \ Eph- rala. \ Gedruckt Im Jahr MDCCLXXXVL This was followed by another {Die merkwurdige \ In- ianer-Predigt, etc.), alleged to be an Indian's reply to a sermon preached by a Swedish missionary in 1710 on the Conestoga. The missionary here alluded to was Rev. Jonas Auren, who came over with Bjork and Rudman in 1697, and embraced the Seventh-Day doctrine.202 Srn m .< r f u « g f n fiber ben ®cr<9flffcnftrft 3nWontfc|)en mw$nw 2)iefitf„. Slug 5cm (Sngflfc$cn u&afefct. E P H R A T A, fgf/ tt>efc$c toon cincjji igcfcttJfMfcfcn Mifli- onario j}Cf)a!ten tOOtitO, Oil bit £a%f]G£e), 3m 3<$t *7io E P H R A T A, mtwtt 3m 3«ft M,t,cc,txxx,n The remaining issue of the Ephrata press for this year was a second edition of Obed's Ephrata school-book, Ktirtz gefasste \ Niitzliches \ Schul-Biichlein. A full description with fac-simile of title-page will be found upon pages 306- 7 of this volume. 202 See German Pietists, 127-8. Entire New Testament. 475 The next year, 1787, is noted for the issue of another unique publication, — Das I Gam Neue \ Testament \ Unsers \ Herrn Jesn \ Christi, I Recht griindlich verdeutschet. \ Ephrata in Penn- sylvanien. \ Anno 1787. [Translation. — The entire New Testament (of) our Lord Jesus Christ, right thoroughly Germanized, Anno 1787.] ©anj Sfcue efla cut tlnfera %<£tVtt 3£fti Sfrrtfa SUcfct grim-Hid) »jje wrjter has not been able to verify this statement, but is satisfied of its correctness. 476 The German Sectarians of Pennsylvania. It consisted of 192 pages. This includes an appendix of four devout hymns. To counteract the inflence of this version, Michael Bill- meyer, of Germautown, printed during the same year an edition of the standard Luther translation — it was also a i2rno. About this time a book or pamphlet was issued under the title Der Widerlegten Wiedertaiiffer (The Refuted Anabaptist). It is not known where this was printed, as no copy is available ; in the year 1788 an appendix to this was printed at Ephrata : Anhang zum Widerlegten Wiedertaiiffer. \ Das Ver- gnugte Leben eines Einsamen, Namens Jorgel. \ Glnckselig is I der Mann | Der so wie Jorgel leben kan. It also brought out a work of 72 pages, 8vo., by Alexander Mack, son of the Patriarch, and former- ly Brother Timotheus. [Translation.— Apology or scriptural vindication of divers truths challenged by a lately issued writing under the name of the Re- futed Anabaptists, written for the common man by Theophilum.] This was also printed upon the Ephrata press. Mack, who was now the presiding elder of the Duu- ker Church at German- town, and who was so in- timately connected with the press of Christopher Sauer (2), now, in his old age, was obliged to return to his former associates of the Klos- APOLOGIE," D5« fd)riftmi(igc <25eranm)or.'ung Ctlid>«r <33al)t|)cittn. <£nirt lai ganje jcljobcn iBctbcn. ©trtcn 3ttt!)UlHCtn DtS NMuwIifini unD Atheifmi entgegen gefejt, imb jum £ci(igcn Sttactjlinnm b«i VCinbcrn 6cr Obetn 2Bci«l)Cit. EPHRATA. ©cotucct im 3a&t 1789. In 1790 we have a curious story by a Lutheran pastor in Maryland, about a man who entered into a compact with Satan. Merkwiirdige \ Gesc/iic/ite, | Von \ Einem Menschen, der mit dem \ Teufelin einem Bicnd getreten anf achtzchen I Jahr, und wieder durc/i Christum erlbset \ worden ist. \ 478 The German Sectarians of Pennsylvania. Nebst-einer ScJmtzschrift iiber die Listening dieses \ Werks, und kurze Anmerkungen, durch Sprit- | che der H. Schrift. I Heratcsgegeben von \ Johann Gcorg Schrceder, D.D. \ und I Evangelisch-Lutherischer Prediger in Maryland \ Ephrata, gedrnckt im Jahr 1790. ([(fjtfpff/ 93on <*mem gRtnfgcfy &er mtt km Xeuftl in cincn 95un& gettetm oaf a$t$fa 3dbV/ un5 roicCct Dutd) Gljtiflum «l6fet reorBcn .iff. ttebft-tintt ©dju&fcfcrift fiber Die W|fcrun9 M«ft# QJScfftS, uo& furjc 2lnm«tfungcn, fcutcfj ©prii/ rt)e bet £• ©c&rift. Eetautfgegebcn fcon Johann Georg SchrcederjD.D. und We have also an edition of the Ephrata Kurtzgefasztes Arzney-Biichlein fur Menschen und Vieh, darinnen CXXX auserlese7ie recepten. i6mo., 24 pp. [A doctor-book for man and beast.] A second edition appeared during the next year, 1791. There was also issued a i6mo. of 55 pages. This was a George Adam Martin. 479 sectarian publication. As the title says, " It was not to be sold but given away." &er bugf« stofen @tabt SJabd, 2Bfe «r sue CErfennmig frfnet <5imtt fctnijun, unb bicfetbe bcrcuef: ©enett bertfibtfen 5Beic!}f alien unbugfertigen QJtebigetn jum (Syemoel cotgcftcQef, t>on C yf. €in urn bet 5Bat)tl)eit vmQen QJew ttiebenet. (SHc&t ju ocrEflufen, fonbetn ju&etfcbenFtn,) €pl)trtta, gebrucft auf £o{ten bet Cicbbai-er. 17 9 1. ffi&riftHt&e ©tMUt&ef; entMd Mim&t mi aUtn $<($» anf Dec gftife aacb bet eerlomen Jjjerrlicbfeit iu toifTen n&tbifl ift 5«au^flcgc<5 ©abbcu!)*, 3 n> 1 f 4 e n Gmem Xdifer, SRogtrcne, SKoiniffft Qatbotjc uu$ Sicrtfiumfliim giebd finttn ©fri > CO z z LU Q. U. O < < I- o LU CO z < tr LU C3 LU I < < I Q. UJ H < UJ o < co Q O C3 Q _l O UJ I I- CHAPTER XXII. " THE EPHRATA REGISTER : NAMES OF SUCH AS IN THE LORD FELL ASLEEP." Anno 1728. Landert, , wife of Bro. Sealthiel (Sigmund Landert). Beller, , daughter of Peter Beller.205 Anno 1729. Eckerlin, , widow of Michael Eckerlin and mother of Brothers Elimelech, Jephune, Onesimus and Jotham™ Anno 1733. Lassie, Jacob ; died February. Eckerlin, Catharina, wife of Samuel Eckerlin (Jephune.) Traut, Henry, January 4 ; died at Germantown. Anno 1734. Lassie (Lessle), Peter (senior) ; died of consumption March 31. (April n.) Walter, Caspar, died in autumn, of grief caused by Beissel leaving the congregation.207 Meyle (Meylisin), Sister Anna. Anno 1735. Landert, , second wife of Brother Sealthiel (Sigmund Landert). 205 Vide vol. i, p. 139. 206 Vide vol. ii, chap. ix. 307 Vide\o\. i, p. 217. 485 486 The German Sectarians of Pennsylvania. Steinsin (Stein), Maria, wife of Heinrich Steinsin (Steinzin). Kiessner, Brother Philip. Anno 1736. Beller, , second daughter of Peter Beller. Anno 1737. Schiile (Schuhly, Schulie), Hans Michael.208 Debahe (Dubois, Duboy, Dibo), , wife of Conrad. Eicher, , the old Sister (wife of Daniel), evidently the mother of Daniel Eicher (d. 1773) and grandmother of the Prioress Maria. Anno 1738. Bremmer, Martin (Brother Martin). A single Brother, one of the first in Ephrata. The community tailor. Died imo. 3d. 1738. The first death among the Solitary.209 Anno 1739. , , mother of Sister Migtonia. Blum, , wife of Dudwig Blum, singing-master at Ephrata.210 German, , the old Brother. Thoma (Thoinen, Toma, Thomman, in Swiss documents), Johannes (Hans), Jacob, from Viedendorf, Switzer- land.211 Zittel, Brother Philip. Schuh, , wife of Ulrich Schuh. Anno 1740. , — , wife of Brother Jonadab. , Louisa (Lowies), daughter of Brother Jonadab ; they 208 209 210 211 were French people (Huguenots). Vide p. 382. Vide vol. i, p. 350 et seq. Vide vol. ii, p. 137. Vide vol. i, p. 260. Ephrata Register. 487 Wengeriu, Elizabeth. Witt, , Brother Wilhelmus. " He was a very quiet and reserved person, who fell asleep in the Lord." Anno 1741. Bohler, Sister Esther.212 Walter (Walltherin), Sister Anna. Wohlfarth, Michael, Brother Agonizes ; died May 20, 1741, aged 54 years, 5 months. (Der in Gottgeehrter, und Vorsteher in der gemeinschafft, entschlief den 20 May seines alters 54 Jahr u. 5 Monath. Namens Bruder Agonius, original MS.).213 Jacobs (Schacks), , mother of John Jacobs. Jiightly (Jiichlie), Benedict. Brother Benedict (died in No- vember). Weiser, Anna, Magdalena (Madlina) ; (b. January 13, 1725), d. March 16, 1741-42, a daughter of Conrad Weiser (Brother Enoch). Anno 1742. Thoma (Tomasin), Sister Catharina. " Which was forgot- ten ; she was a loving soul (and) had in Switzerland much persecution experienced for God's sake. She did not long in this Society dwell ; her age was 40 years." Levy (Levi, Lewie), the young brother. " Did also in the Lord fall asleep." Jonadab, Brother. A French Huguenot and member of the Zionitic Brotherhood. Weydner (Weydnerin), , widow. Thoma, , wife of Theodore (Dores, Durst) Thommna. Anno 1744. Hohn, Henrich.114 Heidt, , Sister Bernice. " She was one of the four 212 Cf. p. 382-3. 213 For full history of this evangelist see vol. i, German Sectarians. "* Vide vol. i. 488 The German Sectarians of Pennsylvania. first Sisters who at Ephrata lived together, and fell asleep in the Lord, the 30th January, her age 32 years. She was a peculiar soul, in virginlike life. She was the old Brother Leonhart Heit's daughter." (A beautiful girl, who lived with her parents at Oley. After a visit from the Solitary Brethren to her father's house, she followed them to Ephrata without the knowledge of her parents or the young man to whom she was betrothed, took the vows of eternal virginity, and joined the Sisters in Kedar. She died of con- sumption, and was buried at night by torchlight with much ceremony.) Hartman (Hardmann), Caspar. Lassie [Lasley, Lehle (sic)], David, Brother Isaiah. "In the year 1738 towards Ephrata came : In the year 1742 came the Herrn-Hutter here, into these parts — he per- mitted himself to be prejudiced by them, and they took him away, yet in the same year, to Herru-Haag ; and in the year 1744 took he his journey again to this land. As he, however, on the ocean was, became he sick, what was there to be done, the anguish of his heart was so great that he thus daily exclaimed : O Ephrata ! Eph- rata ! you lovely Ephrata ! O my dear Mother ! and my beloved Sister ! In such misery did he die, and so was the ocean his grave. His age did he bring up to 29 years, 6 months. (Brother Isaiah was one of the original " Zionitische Briiderschaft." Died in autumn. Germann (Germannin), Sister Fahnestock, , Sister Armella, daughter of Laborius Fahnestock, of Westphalia, Germany, died October 23rd, age 31 years. " Fell asleep in the Lord the 23rd (of) October, her age 32 years. She was a near rela- tive (sister) with the old Brother Diettrig Fahne- stuck.215 Jl5 Vide vol. i, p. 372 et seq. Ephrata Register. 489 Erlemvein, Andreas. Brother Andreas. Anno 1745. Thoma, Jacob. Brother . " Did in the Lord fall asleep, 1745 ; was already in the Schweitz awakened." Schreit (Schreid), Engelbert, also written Engelbert- schreid. Anno 1746. Funk, Sister Magdalena : died January 14, 1745-46, mother of Brother Obadiah (Samuel Funck), aged 55 years, 10 mouths. Mellinger, Christoph. Gehr, Sister Rebecca, wife of Peter Gehr, whom she left to enter the Kloster. " In the Lord fell asleep the 30th (of) May ; her age was 34 years and 5 months. She was formerly the Brother Peter Gehr, his wife." Gochuauer, Maria. Rebmann, Brother. Miller, Hauua. (Sister Hannah), daughter of Johannes Miller. 4i* $*xm* iff omyjnJmHtntMA^ ?& fs A ft-. IjLj. JL, $4 j&tef^Jt^ue %ff.sJ*-- Anno 1747. Ittisin, Ursula. Meierin (Meier), Sister Migdonia. Zinn, Jacob, son of Herman Zinn. " Did in the Lord fall asleep." 490 The German Sectarians of Pennsylvania. Lassie (Losslin, Loscherin), Catharina ; died September 6. Bender (Bander), Eissbert. Roth, Anna, daughter of George Roth. lassie, , Sister Rosa. "On the 13th of December in the Lord fell asleep; her age 19 years, 7 months. She was the youngest daughter of Peter Lassie, Sr., and sister to Phoebe (Foben.) She entered the Sister- hood in Kedar as soon as she attained her eighteenth year, and died shortly after her time of probation was over." Anno 1748. Kalcklosser (Kalkglaser), Johann Heinrich. " On the 29th day of the 12th month of the year 1748 is the beloved, venerable Brother Johann Heinrich Kalkglaser gone out of this time in the evening in the 12th hour, aged 70 years." 11C " Johann Heinrich Kalckglaser was one of the important brethren in the Community. He originally settled in Germautown, but came to Ephrata at an early clay, and became one of the Zionitic Brotherhood." Anno 1748. Heidt (Heidin), Barbara. Derborough (Dobere, Durborow), John, an English (Welsh) convert from Nantmill, Chester county.217 Miller (Mullerin), Clara, wife of Heinrich Miller. Jager (Jagerin), Margaretha. Eicher, Anna, Sister Anna, eldest daughter of Daniel Eicher. sister to the Prioress. One of the first two maidens who followed Beissel into seclusion on the Cocalico. " Died on the 13th day, 12th month, 1748, in the morning hour, She entered into Matrimony shortly before she died." 218 216 MS. Chron., p. 892. 217 Vide Chronicon Ephratense, 197 ; also vol. ii, chap. xi. 218 MS. Chronicon Ephratense, p. 900. Ephrata Register. 491 Bucher, Peter, Brother Joel. " Did in the Lord fall asleep 1748 ; his age was 52 years. He led, in his doings and Life, a lowly, retired, fervent Course of Life ; what he experienced gave he never unto Day — his death was also as if he only his outer shell had Cast off." Upon the nth day, 12th month, 1748, in sixth hour of the night, Brother Joel went to sleep. He always had an impression that he was to be a Martyr." 219 Pettikoffer, Anna Elizabeth, wife of Johannes Pettikoffer.220 Amalia, Sister. Wagely (Wagele), Michael. Schuh, , wife of Jacob Schuh. Gorgas (Gorgasiu), Sophia. Graff, Christian. Seller, , wife of Peter Beller. Hohuly, Jacob, Brother Ephraim. Stattler, Barbara, mother of Sisters T/ieresia, Zenobia and Sincletica. Klopf, , Sister Tecla (Thekla), daughter of Peter Klopf. "On the 6th (of) October, in the Lord fell asleep, her age 30 years, 8 months. She was the aged Brother Peter Klopf his faithful daughter." (She is credited with composing several hymns in the Turtel Tanbe). Heypel (Heuppel), Paul. Kohl (Kohlin), old sister. Anno 1748. Hoffle, , Sister Drnsiana, youngest daughter of Peter Hoffle. " On the 7th (of) December in the Lord fell asleep, her age (was) 28 years, n months. She was the aged Brother Peter Hoffle his youngest daughter. (Came to Ephrata from Falkner's Swamp after the re- 219 MS. Chronicon Ephratense, p. 897. 220 Vide vol. i, p. 281. 492 The German Sectarians of Pennsylvania. vival in 1734, and was only fifteen years of age when she joined the Sisterhood). In Lantech's original MS. Diary there was at this point a note stating that up to this time 70 members had died, viz., 27 brothers and 43 sisters. They were buried in different places. Anno 1749. Thoma (Thommen), Durst (Theodoras). Nagely, Rudolph, Brother Zephania. " On the 29th of Janu- ary he fell asleep in the Lord, upon a Sabbath even- ing, during the tenth hour. He was a son of Jehoiada." Fridlieb (Friedlieb), Caleb. Graff, , Sister Priscam. " On the 20th (of) February in the Lord fell asleep ; her age (was) 28 years. She was the daughter of the aged Brother Jacob Graff." (She was the composer of several hymns in the Tnrtel Tan be). , , Sister Margaretha, from the Gimsheim awakening.221 Gass (Gast), Jacob, Brother Jethro. " Fell asleep in the Lord the 1749th year, the 12th October, during the evening of a fifth day, in the twelfth hour. He was awakened already in the Schweitz." (Jacob Gass was one of the first to join the Community, and one of the three who built the second cabin at Ephrata. He was frequently called into counsel by Beissel. When the Eckerlins were expelled, in 1745, Jethro was installed Prior, but only held the office for a few months, being succeeded by Brother Jaebez. September 5, 1746, he was, however, installed a second time. Three years later he was dismissed from his office, succeeded by Brother Eleazer. His 221 For a full account of this revival see chapter xii ibid. Ephrata Register. 493 downfall affected him so greatly that he died Octo- ber 12, 1749). Anno 1750. Hartmann (Hardmannin), Christina. Hartmann (Hardmannin), Ursula. Weydebachin , Sister Eunicke, wife or widow of Philip Hanselman. " On the 24th (of) October in the Lord fell asleep ; her age was 70 years. She was once (a) very devout, God-fearing widow, who had already much in Germany suffered." (She came to the Community together with the wife of Christopher Saner). Funck, , Sister Genoveva, daughter of Martin Funck. "On the 12th (of) August, during the first hour of evening, in the Lord fell asleep. Her age (was) 32 years, 2 months, 10 days." (Sister to Brother Obadiah. She is credited with the authorship of several spiritual hymns). Stattler, Sister Theresia, daughter of old Brother and Bar- bara Stattler. "On the 2d April in the Lord fell asleep. Her age (was) 30 years." Anno 1751. Funck, Henrich. "Died April 17, 1751, aged 30 years, 3 months, 5 days. He left a little son, born in March, aged 1 month, 5 days. His name, Daniel Funck." Bolsner (Bolner), Michael, from Gimsheim revival. Margareth (Maria Magdalena in original MS.), a sister from the Gimsheim awakening. Anno 1752. Junin, Magdalena, the old sister. Sauer, Maria Christina, Sister Marce/la, sub-prioress while in the Kloster ; wife of Christopher Saur, the German- town printer. 494 The German Sectarians of Pennsylvania. " Sister Marcella remained an inmate of the Kloster re- sisting all appeals to return to her husband at Ger- mafitown until the middle of November in the 1744, when she left Ephrata and was induced to return by the pleadings of Brother De Benneville (Dr. George?) The complete reconciliation between husband and wife did not occur until June 20, 1745, when she again took upon herself the household duties. She died December 14, 1752." Anno 1753. Kohl, , the old brother. Kimmel, , wife of Jacob Kimmel, from Gimsheim. " She died in the neighborhood of the Bermudian, York County." Traut, , Sister Eufemia, daughter of Philip Traut. "Fell asleep in the Lord May 3, 1753." Miiller, , Sister Sincletica, wife of Miiller, daughter of Brother and Barbara Stattler. " On the 5th (of) July in the Lord fell asleep, in her age 51 years." (Maria Stattler, the oldest daughter of Barbara Stattlerin, was one of the first four maidens who pledged them- selves to a communal life and took up their residence in Kedar. Sincletica was one of the ruling spirits in the Sisterhood and for years one of the sub- superintendents of the Order.) Klop, Peter, father of Sister Tecla. They were from the Tulpehockeu revival. Hagemann, Wilhelm. Hagamamim. " Maria, wife of William Hagemann and daughter of Brother Michael Miller. She died eleven weeks after her husband. They were both young and died before their parents. Ephrata Register. 495 Anno 1754. Kemberg (Keimberg, Kemberger), — Brother. Kembergerin, ■ wife of above. Gass, Elizabeth, wife of Frederich Gass. Hagemann (Hagaman), Johan Henrich, the old Brother ; died April 1, 1754. Hagemann, Brother Nehemiah, eldest son of Johan Henrich Hageman. " Fell asleep in the Lord in the year 1754, the 14 Abriell (April). He was a son from the old Hagemann." (They originally came from Falkner's Swamp, went to Ephrata in October, 1728. A brother Nathan and sister Catherine also entered the Solitary orders.) Bauman, Maria (a single sister); died June n, 1754, aged 28 years. Hagemann, Magdalena, widow of Johan Henrich Hage- man; died July 28, 1754. Nagelsin (Negele), wife of Rudolph Nagele, Brother Jelioiada. Traut, , wife of Philip Traut. Guth, Henrich. Loscher, Jacob. Anno 1755. Mack, Valentine, son of the Patriarch Alexander Mack. His wife was Sister Abigail, a daughter of Johann Hildebrand, and Sister Constantia was his daughter. , , Sister Julianna. "On the 1st (of) March in the Lord fell asleep. She but one year before from Deutsch (land) came." (Died in Saron). Endt, Henrich. Sprigel (Spriegel), the old brother. Pearsol, , wife of Jeremiah Pearsol ; they were from Nantmeal, Chester county. Bauman, John, the younger. 496 The German Sectarians of Pennsylvania. Anno 1757. Hildebrand, Maria (?), wife of Johannes Hildebrand. Landert, Sigmund, Brother Sealthiel. " Was a house- father. In the year 1738 journeyed he to Ephrata with all that he possessed, built the Solitary Sisters a chapel, " Kedar," that was its name ; at that time had he two daughters ; the one gave Ephrata good night about the year 1744. He entered himself also into the poor life and was a faithful follower of Jesu Christi, and did in peace fall asleep." (Sigmund Dandert became connected with Beissel as early as 1724. The first love-feast of the Cones- toga congregation was held at his house in Decem- ber, 1724, where Beissel officiated for the first time. His wife died in 1728, being the first recorded death of the congregation. He married again, but became a widower the second time in 1735. He came to Ephrata in 1738, with his two daughters, where he built the prayer-house adjoining Kedar out of his own means). Miller, Henrich, der alte bmder. Eicher, , Sister JVaemy, youngest daughter of Daniel Eicher. "On the 14th Sep(tember) in the L,ord fell asleep, her age 33 years, 3 months." (She was a sister to Mutter Maria, the Prioress of the Sisterhood. She was a member of the Fifth Class of the Sisterhood, and is known to have written several spiritual hymns). Schaffer, , Brother Elkanah, son of Joseph Schaffer, " is from this world departed, as one where it quickly takes place, in the year 1757." Guth (Gut), , wife of Samuel Guth. Schaffer, Joseph, the old father of Elkanah. Died Septem- ber 14. Senseman, , Brother Japhet. CO z < < H O UJ CO o o > DC UJ JJ ? LU I h z O I- o _l Q- D CO Ephrata Register. 497 Hagemann, , Brother Nathan. " Did also from the world separate in the year 1757. He was the aged Hagemann's second son." (Son of Johann Henrich and Magdalena). Stattler, , Brother Manoah. " Was also a house- father, and also in the Lord fell asleep in the outgoing of the year 1757. He was aged 92 years." Anno 1758. Mack, Margaretha, Sister Abigail, daughter of Johannes Hildebrand and widow of Valantine Mack ; died August 11, in the evening. Sprigel (Sprigelsin), the old sister; died August 31. Jacobs, Christina (Schacks in Register), wife of John Jacobs ; died September 10, 1758. She was a daughter of old Brother Japhet (Senseman). Hageman, Magdalena (the young sister). Kalcklosser (Kalckglaser), the old sister, widow of Johann Heinrich Kalcklosser. Beissel, , Sister Eusebia. " On the 5th Sep(tember) in the Lord fell asleep ; her age (was) 36 years. She was a Basel (niece) of the Venerable Superintendent. She was a Beisselsin. Hiirsche (Hirsch), Bentz. (No date in record). Schuk, Ulrich. (No date in record). " Were forgotten, and I do not know their place."222 Anno 1760. Bauman, Margaretha. December 6. (Entered in Register 1768, in Diary 1760). Braun, , wife of Brother Braun. Weiser, Conrad ; July 13. (Formerly Brother Enoch) ; in Register " The friend or Brother Conrad Weiser ;" in Diary " Brother Conrad Weiser ein Justus." He was buried in his orchard near Womelsdorf. MS. Register. 498 The German Sectarians of Pennsylvania. Anno 1761. Weiser, Philip; Brother Theobald; died March 27; eldest son of Conrad Weiser. Heyd, Leonhard ; died January 25. An old Brother from the Oley revival ; he was the father of Sister Bcrnicc. Pelagia, Sister ; died March 3. Boldhausen, Catharina ; died March 14. (From the Amwell revival). Schuck, , Sister Persida. " On the 3rd (of) June (July ?) in the eleventh hour of evening in the Lord fell asleep ; her age 41 years. She was one daughter of the aged Brother Ulrich Schuck.223 , , Sister Joseba." On the 1st (of) December in the Lord fell asleep ; her age 42 years, 3 weeks. She was an awakened (one) from Deutschland." Anno 1763. Schabley (Schoppe, Sheppe), Rudolph ; died March. Gehr, Peter; died May 12; baptized at Seckenheim near Heidelberg in the Palatinate.224 Koch, Stephen, Brother Agabus. " In the Lord fell asleep the 7th of July, in the year 1763. He was already an old warrior oijesu Chrisli, in Germany, with the Pious, where also my parents were too. He is well, can we say in Peace elevated." (Stephen Koch first settled at Germantown. After the revival, in 1736, with three others, he retired to a cabin about a mile from Germantown. They came to Ephrata in March of 1739). Lamech, Brother ; June 13, of a sudden death. He was the diarist of the Community, an abstract of which was 223 Where time is given in these extracts the peculiar Ephrata notation is indicated. 221 An extended notice of Brother Gehr is found in chap, xviii. Chroni- con Ephratense, original edition. Ephrala Register. 499 published after his death, under the title of Chronicon Ephratense. Sangineister designates him as an " aus- tere and impetuous follower of Beissel. A very un- couth man, who proved a scourge to many, and made many a brother's life a burden. His end was presum- ably apoplexy, as he was unexpectedly found dead in his kammer and his face was black." Bohler, Catharina, Sister " Fell asleep in the Lord, the 1st (of) March ; her age was 29 years, 7 mouths. She had a very pious mother." Anno 1763 or 1764. Ebinet (Inebenet), Hildebraud and his house-mother ; died at the Shenandoah settlement. Anno 1765. Keller, , first wife of Bastien Keller. Hildebrand, Johannes (the old brother).225 Nagely, Rudolph; Brother Jehoiada (Jojada). Klop (Klepin), Magdalena. Durborow (Derborough, Dober), Dorothea ; from the French Creek revival. Martin, , daughter of George Adam Martin (1766 in Register). Anno 1766. Senseman, Johannes. Old Brother. Gorgas, Joseph ; Brother Chrysostomus ; builder of the stone mansion on the Wissahickon, known as the " Monas- tery." Morin, Magdalena. Stit, ., Catheriua. Anno 1767. Kiinmel, , wife of Valentine Kimmel, from Gim- sheim revival. 225 Cf. chapter ii. 500 The German Sectarians of Pennsylvania. Hocker, Margaretha ; Sister Albino, ; wife of Ludwig Hocker (Brother Obed). Died April 29th, at noon before one o'clock. Braun, , Brother. Henrich, Valentin. Schwartzbachin, , Sister. Anno 1768. Hoffly, Barbara, wife of Peter Hoffly ; died July 3. 1768 ^J^L» W^VX,^^^ Beissel, Johann Conrad, Brother Conrad ; Father Friedsam Gottrecht ; Irenici Theodicaci, founder and vorsteher of the Ephrata institution; died July 6, 1768, in the presence of many brethren and sisters, in the morning between 10 and n o'clock, when he gently passed away, his age 77 years, 4 months. According to the entry in the Diary of the Sisterhood Father Friedsam " Did in the presence of his spiritual children, as he his farewell made quite gently and quietly in the Lord, fall asleep, in the year 1768, the 6th of July. His age was 77 years, 4 months, 6 days, in the 8th hour [sic] of the day after noon. What his doings and occupa- tion of the spirit, and how much he suffered and laboured, for the Lord's sake, the time of his life, by day and night. He who his writings diligently reads and searches can find in what kind of labour his life passed in the 52 years." Ephrata Register. 501 (His funeral was attended by over six hundred mourners. The sermon was preached by Brother Jaebes from the text Heb. xiii. 7 and 17, and was followed with ad- dresses by Brothers Phileomen and Obed.) Knottel (Knoder), Cathariua, daughter of Jacob Knotel, died July 6. Behr (Baer), Jacob. December 13. Kimmel, Valentine. December 28. Anno 1769. Holm, Christina ; died February 2 (9). Knepper, Veronica; died April 27. Steiner, Johannes ; of a sudden death, May (18) 28. Lassie, Valentin. Jacob, , Brother Simeon ; died August 11. Pettikoffer (Batikoffer), Johannes ; September 11, from Ger- mantown.226 Mayer, Hansly (Johannes) ; Brother Amaziah (Amitscty) ; October 14. Anno 1770. Owen, John ; a Welshman from the French Creek revival. Hofny, Peter; died March 18. From the Falkner Swamp revival in 1734 ; father of Sister Drusiana and Basila. Merkel (Merklesin, Marcelle), the old sister. Hofney, Elizabeth, Sister Dasilla. " On the 9th (of) Novem- ber) in the Lord fell asleep ; her age was 48 years, 9 months. She was the aged Brother Peter Hofney, his second daughter." (A sister in the Fifth Class who composed several hymns in the Turtel Taube). Hartmann, Regina ; died October 20. (This is said to be the Regina Hartman who in her youth was stolen by the Indians, and of whom the well- known story is told of her reunion with her mother by means of the old German hymn, — Allein, und doch nicht ganz alleine, Bin ich in Meiner Einsamkeit.) 226 Vide Vol. i, p. 172, 217. 502 The German Sectarians of Pennsylvania. Anno 1771. Weber, Anna; February 11. Graff, Marx ; the old brother with a wooden leg. Merkel (Marcele), Martin the younger. Baumann, ; the old brother lost his life August 5. Seysinger, , Brother. Keller, Friedrich ; November 10, aged 34 years, 10 months. He was a son of the still living Jacob Keller. Guth, Daniel ; November 13. Anno 1772. Graff, Maria Ja — ; January 19. An old sister. Seibert (Seifertin), Anna; died May 12; daughter of the old Brother Baumann. Seysinger, Elizabeth ; died August 23. Rohrer (Rorer), Jacob. Anno 1773. Fahnestock, Rebecca (Graff), wife of Johann Fahnestock ; died January 17. Eicher, Daniel, Brother Daniel ; died February 1. Theonis, Brother ; died March 5, in the evening. Han (Hann), George , died in the night between the 7th and 8th of March.227 Friedrich, Jacob. Friedrich, , mother of Jacob ; were forgotten. Landert, Maria; Sister Rahel. "On the nth Novem(ber) in the L,ord fell asleep ; her age (was) 48 years, 9 mon(ths) ; oldest daughter of Sigmund Landert, who built the chapel adjoining Kedar, so that the latter be changed into a Sister Convent, and his two daughters received among their number. The younger daugh- ter soon returned to the world." Funck, Martin (senior) ; died April 19, 1773, aged 80 years, 3 months. 227 Cf. pp. 285-7, ibid. Ephrata Register. 503 Schumacher, Peter. "Did also in the Lord fall asleep the 17th of November in the year 1773. He was a Schweit- zer, and did the well-known land piece, above in the Swamp, devise to Ephrata." (Peter Schumacher was not a Solitary Brother). Anno 1774. Hoffly, Jacob ; died on the New Year. A son of Peter and Barbara Hoffly. Knipper (Knepper), Josua. Meintzer (Meiser), George. Roth, Henrich. Anno 1775. Fahnestock, Rebecca, wife of Johannes Fahnestock. Born 1715; died January 17, 1775. Bensin, , Sister. Diibbel (Diibbelsin), Anna Maria (1776 in Register). Darius, Brother. Fahnestock, Dietrich. Born February 2, 1696; died Octo- ber 10, 1775; aged 79 years, 8 mos. From the Am- well revival. Anno 1776. Sensemann, Agnes, the old sister; died March 24 (13). Graff, Jacob ; died May 6. An old brother. Anguas, Mary ; Sister Mariam ; died May 20. Miller, Johannes; died May 28, 1776. He was an old brother. Zinn (Zinnen), , Sister Perpetua, wife of Herman Zinn ; died November 10. Landes (Dandis), Barbara ; died March 29. Sensemann, Jacob ; died December 23, aged 54 years. Anno 1777. Zinn, Hermann, Brother Macariits ; died March 15; hus- band of Sister Perpetim. 504 The German Sectarians of Pennsylvania. Schneeberg {Barbara), the old Sister, wife of Andreas Schneeberg, of Antietam. Funck, Martin (Jr.), Brother Manasse ; died October 5, aged 54 years, 9 months. Bentz (Bens), Johannes , Margaretha. The old Sister was a Swiss, known as the " Old Swiss Margaret." Walter, Caspar (Jr.) Walter, , wife of Caspar Walter ; were forgotten. Anno 1778. Koch, Johannes. Huber (Huberin), Anna Maria, wife of Jacob Hnber ; died January 19. Melinger, Gertraut, widow of Stophel (Christoph) Meli ti- ger ; died February 3. Miller, Henrich, the tavern-keeper ; born May 12, 1728; died January 12, 1778, from disease contracted while serving milk to the sick soldiers in Zion Convent. Kirmmel, Adam ; died January 27. Anguas, James; died March 4, 1778, of camp fever con- tracted while nursing sick soliders. Baer, , wife of Joliann Baer ; died March 20, of camp fever. Baer, Johann ; died April 15, 1778, of disease contracted at the hospital. He was a Mennonite preacher. Gass, Friederich ; died October 28 ; was an old Brother. Anno 1779. L,andis, Anna; died February 17. Funk, Samuel, Brother Obadiah ; died December 7, 1779, at the age of 60 years, 9 mouths. " He was a genius {Kunstler), lived a long time at Ephrata ; but it hap- pened through certain circumstances that he went to Virginia, where he died, and is buried at Stauffers- town." [Strasburg.] Ephrata Register. 505 Anno 1780. Kobel (Kebel), Philip; died January 16. Hoffman, Henrich. Mii Her, Sybilla, wife of Johannes Miiller. Anno 1 781. Eckerlin, Doctor Samuel, Brother Jephune ; died January 15, 178 1. (Not entered in either register or diary.) Jemini, Brother . " In the spring of the year departed in 1781. He was from the Tulpohocken Awakening." (He was one of the original members of the Ziouitic Brotherhood.) Fahnestock, Elizabeth (Boldhauser), wife of Peter Fahne- stock ; died July 23. Fahnestock, Ellen (Luster), wife of Daniel Fahnestock ; died September 22. Bender, Dudwig. Bender, , wife of Dudwig. Borwe, , Sister. Anno 1782. Dohman, , wife of Henrich Lohman; died January 21, Lohman, Henrich ; died January 24. " They were both from the Gimsheim revival, and were laid together in one grave."228 Armella, Sister (second sister of that name) ; died in the Sisterhouse April 5 (March 30), aged 60 years. She was from the Gimsheim revival. Boldhauss, Conrad ; died January 31. Henrich, Ann Elizabeth, wife of Velte Henrich. Mack, Elizabeth, Sister Co?istatitia, daughter of Valentin and Maria Mack, granddaughter of Alexander Mack and Johannes Hildebrand ; aged 50 years, 3 months. " On the 31st (of) October in the Lord fell asleep." Cf. Chapter xii. 506 The German Sectarians of Pennsylvania. (Elizabeth Mack was a daughter of Margaretha Hilde- brand, Sister Abigail, one of the four original Sisters who took up their residence in Kedar, but shortly afterwards married Valentine Mack. Some years after she returned to the Sisterhood with her daugh- ter, who became Sister Constantia). Anno 1783. Meyle, Jan, Brother Amos. " On the 6th of August (he) in the Lord departed, in (the) year 1783. His age was 82 years, he was one among the first in the Community ; therefore an Old Warrior Jesn Christi." (Jan Meyle settled first at Germantown. December 25, 1723, he was baptized in the Wissahickon by Peter Becker, and at once became a prominent member in that denomination, but two years later went over to the Sabbatarian congregation. In December of 1728, Brother ^wc^rebapti zed Conrad Beissel, who in turn rebaptized Brother Amos. He was one of the four brethren who first occupied the Berg-hans, from 1735 to 1737, and for a time was the preceptor of Brother Onesimus (Israel Eckerlin).229 Hardy (Hardie, Heardy), Thomas. Brother Theodoms.230 Fahnestock, Margaretha (Hertz), widow of Dietrich Fahne- stock, died December 29, aged 81 years, 5 months, 1 day. She came from Germany to Amwell, in the Jer- sies ; from there to Cocalico Township, in the county of Lancaster, where she died, and is buried at Ephrata. Anno 1784. Guth (Guterin, Kuterin), Elizabeth, an old sister, died March 27. Hocker, Jonathan (?), Brother Jonathan. " In the Lord fell asleep on the 30th of June, in (the) year 1784, his age 229 Vide vol. i, pp. 435, et seq. 230 Vide vol, i; p. 435. Ephrata Register. 507 finite? 3toi ftirt nimmetr u oifomeiv fdtt @c- Matron nftTe Wriben/ frtn 3ta|jme mer&c $fctete&cfl uwer Nc&tttom;© tDte tpcpl U% pu genrt&ietJ &<# &n gegfou> Ht &ofr Seine fBestoeftimg insifie ivc t'tfim m ttinm (3£>ttr mr fain Cttntttto &en gsfpnjmen. 2® twifc fein fafifr Sing m fa$en auf &er jr& mii; tog tpa* fcefier* sunken/ tort in setter neuen t&tlt. ©^ W £00$ iff tnir gefroffe* ni> k& ill 6fau&ntr£ie& im? $0fetv ffefcf fcwft m$ anoerlmie pp eeie/ 10 ip ©eDuffc imp gepigfeitt 5$ fan 00$ fonfrn mit ttic^t^ pun&mi W pfei&en f0 an ©Ott fa&angen, Pip *fr meitf Siel in aOem 2tih m ity ge& ein jHr^ettgfeik 3* roeif* mtnme&r Fein anber wbmr0 ®£>tt in Mm (eon ergepav er roeifi m oefien au$ $u fttagm/ nxtf mir $u t&un in twiner ^5a* <&en: Mefo tgt&ffl ftet* anpeim gejWtt/ (0 tmrp mtty roaSfpffi 190% fdHt/ fonft n>et# i$ m<&t$ in meinem le&ew aJS 3&m ju Wri&cri jfetf crge&en. ©tefc efaat=@eufc Jft ftm &>t< ftrtcftrt w$«? fetott Smi a«fsartc& W iwr&cii; Memorial Pillar in Memory of Brother Amos (Jan Meyle). 508 The German Sectarians of Pennsylvania. was 67 years, 6 months ; he was from a preacher family. (One of the Solitary who left the Community with the Eckerlins in 1745. For a time he became a trapper and hunter, but returned to Ephrata, February 23, 1750, with the old Prior Onesimus). Niess (Niesen, Niessin), Ann Elizabeth (Annalis) ; died July 25. Lassie, Christianna ; Sister Phcebe (Fceben). " On the 4th (of) March in the Lord fell asleep, her age 66 years, 6 months. She was the aged Brother Peter Lassie his daughter. She has within 47 years with the Sister- hood dwelled." (She was one of the first Sisters at Kedar, joining the Order when but nineteen years of age). Schmit, , wife of Balser Schmit. Riesen, , wife of Brother Riesen. Kimmel, Jacob ; died November 25 ; an old brother from the Gimsheim revival. Sangmeister, Heinrich, Brother Ezechial ; born August 9, 1723, in a village near Wolfenbiittel ; died December 30, 1784. He was the son of a Lutheran schoolmaster, Stephen Heinrich Sangmeister, and wife, Anna Mar- garetha. Anno 1785. Jones, John; died March 30th, 1785. Hocker (Hocker ?), Annalis (Anna Elizabeth). Crothauser, , an old Sister. Reissmann, John Conrad, Brother Philemon. " In the Lord fell asleep (on) the 20th (of) March in (the) year 1785. He was an Awakened (one) already in Germany." (After the Germantown revival, in 1736, John Conrad Reissmann, together with Alexander Mack, Stephen Koch and Henry Hcecker, built a cabin on the banks of the Wissahickon, upon Johann Gumre's land, and Ephrata Register. 509 lived in seclusion until 1738, when they united with the Ephrata Community).-'1 , Sister Augusta. "On the 19th (of) May in the Lord fell asleep, her age was 69 years. She was from the Wiirtenbergerischen." Belsner, Johan. He was a single person and lived near unto Ephrata; died May 21, 1785. Muller, Michael, Brother Michael; died September 17. He was an old brother from the Tulpehocken revival. Anno 1786. Mohr, Peter; died April 22. Hartman, , Sister Susanna; died May 28, 1786. She was deaf and dumb. " Die Stumme Susannah Muller, Maria Catharina, Sister Maria Catharina ; widow of Michael Muller ; died December 3. She was also from the Tulpehocken revival. Gitter (Gartner ?), Catharina, Sister Eufrosina. " On the 16th April in the Lord fell asleep, her age was 77 years, 5 months. She was from the Anwell Awakening, and was sick many years." Beissel, , Sister Sevoram. " On the 29th August in the Lord fell asleep, her age 74 years. She was also from the Gimsheimer Awakening." Anno 1787. Huberin (Hiiber), Agnes, an old sister; died April 22. Hey pel, Agnesa, widow of Heypel ; died April 22, 1787, aged — years. She was from the Falkner Swamp revival ; in her widowhood was blind years. Keller, Elizabeth, wife of old Jacob Keller ; died between May 24th and 25th, 1787, aged 79 years, 3 months, 22 days. Sick with dropsy nine months. Eckstein, Christian, Brother Gideon. " In the Lord fell asleep, (on) the 26th (of) July, in (the) year 1787. His Vide vol. i, chap, xviii. 510 The German Sectarians of Pennsylvania. age was 70 years. He was a peculiarly awakened per- son ; in his youth, in Germantown, he left his father's house, and selected the reproach Chrisli, (he) was therein faithful until his end ; but often must such souls, much pass through who much suffer." (Brother Gideon was also a result of one of the German- town revivals. He came to Ephrata 7th month, 1743. He was an important man in the Community, as well as a physician of considerable local reputation. He was one of the commissioners sent to Philadelphia in 1748 to settle the differences with William Young, the Philadelphia representative of the Community. On the 16th of March, 1767, he left Ephrata and went to Germantown ; he renained there until New Year's Day, 1777, when he returned to Ephrata. Under the tripartite agreement with Samuel Ecker- lin, made February 3, 1770, he appears as one of the trustees. In his will, dated July, 1787, he de- vises the profits of forty acres of land to the uses of such Solitary who have been members of either society not less than ten years. His preceptor in physics was a Dr. Meder, from Germany, who lived in the Community 1748-1749, but was expelled upon his refusal to be baptized.) [His epitaph reads: " Hier liegt begrabe?i \ der Ehr- wurdige Bruder \ Gideon, sonst D. \ Christian Eck- stein [ mitglied der Bruder Schafft \ in Ephrata. Starb d. 26 \ Julius ihm jahr 1787 \ Semes alters 70 jahr} I 1 monat, 7 /«£"."] (He was buried upon a Sabbath, and, as Jaebez notes : " That now there remained only three of the original Brotherhood.") Mayer, Barbara, Sister Jael. " On the 14 January in the Lord fell asleep, her age 74 years, 6 mos. She was the aged Bro. Johann Mayer's Daughter, and one of the Ephrata Register. ' 511 first Sisters, who in Ephrata dwelled together, and has by 51 years lived here, and was with a great funeral followed to the grave." (Barbara Mayer, one of the four original sisters of Kedar. Her family were among the first to follow the leader- ship of Beissel. Her father, Johann Mayer, was bap- tized in the Pequea, November 12, 1724, and it was on his motion that Beissel was made teacher of the con- gregation. Sistery^/was one of the rulers of the Sis- terhood and was generally beloved for her amiable disposition. She was also one of the most active nurses in Zion durng the Revolution.) Schreit, Margaretha ; died October 31. Anno 1788. Graff, Abraham ; died March 9. Keller, George ; son of Jacob and Elizabeth ; died in Vir- ginia, February 21. Mii Her, Johann ; died December 18. (A young Brother.) Anno 1789. Gorgas, Benjamin, Brother Hoseas ; died December 27, aged 67 years, 8 months. Bensin (Bentz ?), Maragret. (A young Sister). Sarouy (Sarone), John Jacob ; born, 1715 ; died November 2, 1789. Schanschlag, ; died November 4. Anno 1790. Martin, Jacob (the High Philosopher); his epitaph reads: " Hier Ruhen \ diegebeine \ dcs hohen Filosofen | Jacob Martin \ er ist in Europa geboren \ den ioten Juni if 25, und I ist gestorben als ein gnter \ Christ den ioten Julius, 1790 | im 66 Jahr seines alter.'1'1 232 Merckel, Adam. Cf. pp. 172-7 supra. 512 The German Sectarians of Pennsylvania. Nagle (Nagely), Jacob, " son of Brother Nagel. He was forty years precentor (Vorsanger) of the congregation atEphrata." Died August 8, aged 68 years. Eicher, Jacob, Brother Nathaniel, son of Daniel Eicher. " In the Lord fell asleep, the 24th (of) May ; his age was 74 years and 2 months ; he was a venerable old warrior, Jesu Chrisli, np to his blessed (end)." Niess, Jereraias, an old Brother from the Gimsheim revival ; baptized at Ephrata, December, 1751. Gunlisin, Margaretha. Anno 1791. Flavia, Sister ; died last of February. A spiritual virgin in Class Two of MS. Chronicon of Sisterhood. She was a niece of Conrad Weiser. Rebmann, Eva (Seysinger, Zeisinger) ; died February 8.233 Mundschauer (Munshower), , Brother. Hocker, Maria, Sister Petronalla, daughter of Ludwig Hocker {Obed) and wife Margaretha {Albino). " In the Lord fell asleep, the 27th (of) July, her age 52 years, 11 months. She was Brother Obed his daughter of Pharren (preacher) family (Geschlechl), from her tender youth (she) was drawn into this lot. She did how- ever with her father dwell up to her end ; God did her with much tribulation afflict ; and did almost 4 years lay sick and much misery experienced until her end." (She was teacher of embroidery and fine needlework in the Kloster. Her sampler is now in the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. She is also said to have been the first female Sunday-school teacher). Hefner, David ; died in June. Kimmel, Veronica ; died in June. Eicher, Jacob (Christian?), Brother Eleaser, one of the first to live in the Community at Ephrata. " In the Cf. pp. 456-57 supra. Ephrata Register. 513 Lord fell asleep the 20th (of) August in the year 1791, his age was 82 years ; he was from his youth a Warrior of Jesn Christi, and suffered very much until his death ; he was blind near 16 years." (Jacob [Christian] Eicher was one of the original Zionitic Brotherhood, and afterwards prominent in the "Brotherhood of Bethania." In 1749 he suc- ceeded Jethro as Prior, but did not hold the office long, as his rulings were harsh and oppressive. He was known among the Brotherhood as der grobe E leasee). Knepper, Peter. Sprigel, Veronica; died December 12. Anno 1792. Baumau, Sara ; born October 30, 1776 ; died June 30, 1792. Annge, , old Sister; died October 14. Fahnestock, Esther; born March 27, 1740; died December 6, 1792. Hocker, Ludwig, Brother Obed. " In the Lord departed the 27 (of) July (1792) ; his age was 75 years, 6 months. He was a faithful co-worker in the house of God, and the Congregation almost 24 years with Brother Jaebez v helped to support. He had been married here." (Ludwig Hocker was one of the leading characters of the Ephrata Community and for many years was school- master of the congregation, and in his old age served as the printer and bookbinder of the Brotherhood. He first settled in Germantown, and in 1738 he went to live with Brother Agabus in the cabin on the Wissahickon. In 1744 we find him at Ephrata with his family, and on the 28th of twelfth month he and his wife solemly divorced themselves. He went into Zioii and became Brother Obed ; she entered Hebron and to her death was known as Sister Albina. Their 514 The German Sectarians of Pennsylvania. daughter, Maria, joined the Sisterhood of Saron under the name of Petronella, and became a sister of the third class. Soon after Hocker's arrival at Ephrata he became the schoolmaster of the congregation, and in 1749 a building — " Succoth " — was erected for his use, where he projected the plan of holding a school in the afternoons of the Sabbath. He maintained this Sabbath-school for more than thirty years before Robert Raikes introduced the present Sunday-school system. In a manuscript letter, in the possession of the writer, he signs himself " Br. Obed, ein Wallen- der nach der Seeligen Ewigkeit") Anno 1793. Konigmacher, Adam, Brother Naanam ; born July 30, 1737 ; died January 31, 1793, aged 57 years, 7 mo. Herschpergerin (Hirschberg), Rosina ; died February 23. Neyle, Hans; died March 31. Fahnestock, , wife of Benjamin Fahnestock. Homy, Johannes; died August 8, aged 71 years, 6 mos. Kapp, Maria, died September 30. Funk, Veronica, Sister Hanna. " Fell asleep in the Lord the 31st of October, her age 79 years 10 mo. : who came to Ephrata in the year 1739, though an only child, she left her father's house, and became a faith- ful fellow warrior in the economy of Jesu Christi, her life was edifying, until her end. She was by birth a , and in Germany had already been among the awakened persons." Mundschauer, , Sister. Henrich, Johpe [sic]. Nagely, Jacob, sou of old Jacob Nagely the vorsanger. He was unmarried and died December 2 before break of day, aged 30 years, 2 mos. Ephrala Register. 515 Anno 1794. Beissel, Peter, Brother Zadock ; died January 4 (1795 in Register). Senseman, Margareth ; died March 9. Keller, Jacob ; died March 10. " In the Lord fell asleep, in the year 1794, the 10 March ; his age was 87 years and several mos. He was a peculiar man in his actions and life, and walked in a God-agreeable path ; was already in his tender years from the Spirit of Eternity peculiarly from God apprehended ; however afterwards to the woman came, and after that the same spirit in- duced him to journey to this land, and did not rest until he to this Community came. He was a faithful and anxious co-worker in the house of God until in his advanced age. His venerable wife in her advanced age passed through much sorrow and pain, and passed from this world in year 1787, the 24 May, and thereafter he passed his life in silence with much fasting and prayer. In the 7 year passed to an edifying and blessed end ; for six weeks he took no nourishment." Gerdorin, Elizabeth; died June 12. Klopf, Peter, the younger. Rohbachin, Barbara; died July 14, 1794, aged 85 years. Martin, George Adam ; died April 29. Bauman, Christina; died August 22. Martin (Martisin), ; died October 14. Gorgas, Jacob (the younger) ; died October 24. Meily, Samuel ; died at Germantown, October 10, 1794, and is buried in the Dunker Graveyard in Germantown. His stone reads : " Erw. B ruder \ Samuel Meily \ von Ephrata \ Starb October \ /o, 1J94 \ alt 23 jalir." (From this inscription it is inferred that Brother Meily was an evangelist.) Reiter, , daughter of Maria Reiter. Knepper, , wife of Peter Knepper ; died October 10. 516 The German Sectarians of Pennsylvania. Kimmel, Jacob. Reitcr, Henrich, 2d daughter (indistinct). Anno 1795. Borin, , old Sister Jacob Borin, afterward Huberin ; died September 5. Hoffiy, Elizabeth, widow of Johannes Horny ; died Septem- ber 7, 1795, aged 65 years. , Anna Maria, "the English Peter his wife." Anno 1796. Henrich, Peter; died May 22. Hagaman, Catharina, Sister Eugenia ; died April 23, 1796, aged 81 years, 1 month, 3 days. She was from Ger- mautown revival and lived fully fifty years at Ephrata, and for a long time attended to the Sisterhood. She succeeded Sister Marcella (wife of Christopher Sauer) as sub-prioress, and after the deposition of Maria suc- ceeded her as prioress. Bollinger, Christian ; died July 5 ; grandson of Daniel Eicher. Kimmel, Esther, daughter of Dieterich Fahnestock, aged 29 years, 2 months, 21 days. Miller, John Peter, Brother and Prior Jaebez {Agrippd) ; died September 25, 1796, aged 86 years, 9 months. (The inscription upon his tomb reads : Hier liegt begra- ben I Peter Miller \ Gebiirtig aus Oberamt\ Lantern in chur Pfals | Kam als reformieter \ Prediger nach . America \ injahreij^j, Wttrde \ nntcr die Gcmeine in I Ephrata getauft im \ Jahr 1735 und genant | Bntder Jaebez, ouch zvard j Er nachmals ihr Lehrer I bis an scin Ende \ Endschlief d. 2j September, \ i796. Steinert, , old brother. Anno 1797. Eckstein, Barbara; died August 25. Ephrata Register. 517 Eckstein, Elizabeth, Sister Keturah; died October 10, 1797, aged 79 years, 8 months. Spriegel, Jacob, died December 23, aged 81, 2 or 3 years. Anno 1798. Herpel (Herpelsin), Elizabeth (Bette) ; died January 1, aged 70 years. Martin, Elizabeth, daughter of Jacob Martin ; died Janu- ary 4. Sattler, Susanna, Sister Zcnobia ; died March, 14, 1798, aged 72 years, 9 months. Gorgas, Jacob, Brother Zennah ; born April 9, 1728; died March 21, 1798, aged 69 years, 7 months. Funck, Jacob, Brother Kenan; died May 13, 1798, aged 73 years, 2 months. Gorgas, Salome, daughter of Johann Heinrich and Magda- lena Hagaman ; died March 30, 1798, aged 77 years. Nagely, - — , wife of Hans Nagely ; died August 31. Miiller, Maria, Sister Paulina ; died February 5, 1799, aged 77 years, 5 mouths. Chiefly remembered by the large basket or hamper she wove in her room which was wider than her cell-door. Blandina, Sister, Christina Funck? Died April 23, 1799, aged 62 years, 5 months. Anno 1800. Weiser, , widow of Conrad Weiser ; died 1800, buried beside her husband in his orchard near Womels- dorf. Bollinger, Elizabeth; died July 12, 1800; her age was 77 years, 8 months and several days. APPENDIX. I The late Bro. Obed Snowberger, who was thoroughly familiar with the Ephrata music, a few years before his death sent the following explanation to the writer : " The music is chiefly composed in five parts, a few pieces in seven parts. "We turn to page 199 of the choir music, published at Ephrata, 1754, composed by Conrad Beissel Gott ein Hersher aller Heiden [God a ruler of all the nations.] The piece is in seven parts, major scale on D. The com- position is arranged on the treble pitch, or, in other words, on the female voice. There is an upper bass and a lower bass, but the lower bass runs just as high as the upper. They are pitched an octave higher than the ordinary church music of the present day. " The scale upon which the music is arranged includes three whole octaves, bass, tenor and treble tones. There are used the lowest tones of the male voice, and the highest tones of the female voice. The leading part is sung by the best female voice. " Conuting from below, the first part is lower bass, sec- ond upper bass, third female tenor, fourth female treble, fifth counter, high female voice, sixth leading voice, seventh second leading voice. " The lower and upper bass have the F cleff on the fourth line. The third and fourth part have the C cleff on the fourth line. The fifth part, the C cleff on the third 518 Appendix. 519 line. The sixth and seventh part, the C cleff on the first line. " The book containing the music has the following in the German : 'paradise wonders' Which in these last times and ages, in these evening lands, and parts of the earth have come forth as an approaching sound of the new world. " Consisting of a new and unusual system of music arranged after the manner of the angelic and heavenly choirs. " Ephrata print, 1754." €fae e t t 1 * x 0 0 1 9ti $ 0 n 9 i t u ti o ft, JPi S'flS"1 ttnb Slirtraorttti «%faj& • on y ««•« V • • • t * ©TR ffluflagt. rtfJr A Book on the Sabbath by Peter Lehman. Only known copy in library of the writer. 520 The German Sectarians of Pennsylvania. REGISTER OF THE SNOW HILL COMMUNITY. BAPTISMS AT SNOW HILL BY ELDER ANDREW EAHNESTOCK. August 1 6, 1828. — John Goudey, Catherine Dull, Mrs. Dechert, Magdalen Knepper, Polly Caven, Elizabeth Fisher, Susanna Foreman and Susanna Seachrist. October 10, 1829. — Jonn Fahnestock of Cumberland county, and Elizabeth Fahenstock (widow) of Lancaster county. October 16, 1830. — Christian Rider, George Mann, Jacob Riesrnan, Mary Snowberger, Elizabeth Mann. May 21, 1831. — Daniel Longnecker, of Morrison's Cove, Polly Rider, Susanna Rider, of Romudgeon, and Lydia Snowberger and Polly Toms, both of this place. October 29, 1831. — Peter Fyock and Sarah Snowberger, both of this place ; Polly Fahnestock, of Harrisburg, and Catherine Longnecker, of Morrison's Cove. March 24, 1832. — David Bingen, Sally Yockey. June 16, 1832. — Anna Micener, Veronica Riddlesperger. August 11, 1832. — Samuel Knepper, Sr. August 31, 1833. — William Konigmacher, Eusebia Bau- man and Catherine Bollinger, of Ephrata, Lancaster county ; William Robinson, Christopher Pucco, Su- sanna Pucco, Lydia Mentzer, Catherina Knepper and Esther Heffner and Catherina Heffner of this place ; Susanna Fyock of Somerset county ; and Sarah Fahnestock, of Abbottstown. October 17, 1735. — Daniel Rider, of Adams county; Abra- ham Longnecker, of Morrison's Cove ; Esther Heffner, Catherina Baker, Elizabeth Mentzer and Mrs. Wood- ring. May 13, 1837. — Esther Long, of Morrison's Cove. Appendix. 521 BURIALS. ROLL OF THE DEPARTED MEMBERS OF THE COMMUNAL SOCIETY AT SNOW HILL. BROTHERS. Peter Lehman died on the 4th of the 1st month, 1823. His age was 65 years, 7 months and 1 1 days. Johannes Schneeberger died on the 12th of the 1st month, 1839. His age was 62 years, 11 months and 1 day. David Fyock died on the 20th of the 12 month, 1842. His age was 29 years, 4 months and — days. Benjamin Specht died on the 6th of the 5th month, 1843. His age was 31 years, 4 months and 11 days. The venerable teacher Andreas Fahnestock died on the 5th day of the 2nd month, 1863. His age was 82 years, 2 months and 9 days. Johannis Burger died the 14th of the 1st month, 1872. His age was 72 years, 9 months and 6 days. Heinrich Bauman was born the 29th of September, 1803, and died on the 20th of March, 1878. His age was 74 years, 5 months and 22 days, and he was a member of this communal society for 48 years. Heinrich Ritter died on the 29th day of the 3d month, 1882 ; his age was 69 years, 2 months and 28 days. Obed Snowberger, born June 20, 1823 ; died November 24, 1895 ; aged 72 years, 5 months, 4 days. SISTERS. Veronica Schneeberger died on the 13th of the 1st month, 1 84 1. Her age was 58 years, 7 months and 12 days. Barbara Rank died on the 25th day of the 12th month, 1 84 1. Her age was 74 years, 1 month and 9 days. 522 The German Sectarians of Pennsylvania. \ Hannah Meinzer died on the 16th of the ioth month, 1843. Her age was 31 years, 10 months and 7 days. Anna Kimmel died on the nth day of August, 1847. Her age was 90 years, 3 months and 18 days. Barbara Schneeberger (daughter of Andreas) died on the 23d of the ioth month (October), 185 1. Her age was 83 years, 5 months and 25 days. Elizabeth Schneberger died on the 17th day of the 9th month, 1854. Her age was 73 years, 5 months and 25 days. Catherina Schneberger died on the first of May, 1855. Her age was 78 years, 8 months and 18 days. Catherina Hoch died on the 12th of February, 1858. Her age was 81 years, 2 months and 5 days. Lydia Mentzer died on the 15th of March, i860. Her age was 41 years, 3 months and 29 days. Elizabeth Mentzer died on the 19th of January, 1861. Her age was 82 years, 3 months and 26 days. Susanna Goschet died on the first of May, 1866. Her age was 75 years, 2 months and 12 days. She was a mem- ber of the communal society for twenty-five years and during the latter eighteen years of her life was the Vorsteherin of the Sisterly Community. Polly Toms died on the 31st of December, 1868. Her age was 66 years and 21 days. Susanna Fyock died on the 26th day of June, 1870. Her age was 84 years, 1 1 months and 7 days. Barbara Schneeberger died on the 13th of August, 1870. Her age was 86 years, 1 month and 12 days. ■■■■ s/y/JZs^lP^'*:**-*.* ■ INDEX. A, B, C, Christian, 300, 302 ; speci- mens from, 310-11. Abigail, hymns of, 145. Abgarus, King, letter to Christ, 252. Abraham, James, 260. Acrelius vs. Jaebez, 169 ; account of printing Martyr Book, 248, 303; Rev. Israel, 312 ; visits Cloister, dines with brethren, 317, 318 ; vegetarian diet, 319 ; portrait, ib. ; domestic arrangements, 320 ; Martyr Book ib. ; dispute with Miller, 321 ; Noah's dove, 321 ; describes service, 322 ; mention of, 447. Adler's kirche. (See Eagle, Church of). Agabus, Bro., 105, 400. Agonius, hymns of, 145. Agrippa, 124. (See Jaebez, also Rev. Peter Miller). Albina, Sister, 203, 297. Alphabets, ornate, 301 ; script, 303 ; Gothic, 310-n. Alsheim, revival at, 267. American Philosophical Society, seal, 47 ; 403 ; meet in State House, 402 ; elect Peter Miller, 403 ; paper read by Prior Jaebez, ib. Amos, Bro., request by, 417-8; memorial to, 449. Amwell, pilgrims at, 97. Anastasia, hymns of, 145, 188, 203; lob-lied, 463. Anguas, Joannes, 424-6. Angeloni Batista's letter to Man- zoni, 460. Antietam, Beissel's visit to, 362-3. Antonius settles in Virginia, 356-8. Anthem, seven-part, 130, 131 ; four- part, 141 ; six-part, 156. Apostolic conflict, 459. Armella, Sister, 1S8. Arnold, Gottfried, 163 ; writings, 164 ; observations, 166, 167. Arzney- Buchlein, 478. Assembly, appeal of Samuel Eck- erlin, 415. Astrological chart, 92. Augusta, Sister, 188. Auren, Jonas, 321, 474. Bakehouse, 115. Baptists leave Great Valley Church, 259, 260. Bar, Pastor, 268. Barba, A. A., book on metals, 455 ; plate in, 456. Bark-mill, 116. Barnegat, Rogerines at, 100. Barton, William, prayer book, 462. Basilla, hymn by, 145, 188. Bauman, Benjamin, 417-S. Bauman, Christian, 417-8. Bauman, Johann, 341, 483. Bauman's mill, 127. Bear, Rev. John, 426. Becker, Peter, reconciliation with Beissel, 396 ; meeting between the two men, 396 ; loving epis- tles, 397 ; death of, 397 ; burial, 398, 400. Beggarstown, 68. Beissel, Conrad, baptizes Eckerlin and Gass, 22 ; orders rebuke o^ 423 524 Index. Moravians, 70 ; opposes commer- cial enterprise, 118; humiliation of, 120; portrait, 123; cape 11 meister, 138 ; favorite composi- tion, 140 ; explains principles of music, 147 ; elementary score, 148 ; harmony, 149 ; special diet, 153 ; interdicts certain food, 153-4 ; dissertation on music, 155 ; mys- ticism, 161-63 ; accepts Bible as infallible, 165 ; bereft of author- ity, 207-17 ; intercourse with Sab- batarians, 260 ; nieces of, 269, 271 ; described by Acrelius, 323 ; as a preacher, 323 ; services, 324 ; argues with Jaebez, 325, 329 ; midnight services, 330 ; offers shelter to Eckerlins, 342 ; jour- neys to Antietam, 362-3 ; es- trangement with Prioress Maria, 386 ; accused of wine bibing, 387 ; influence over men, ib.; last sick- ness, 388 ; consecrates three brethren, ib. ; death of, 389-90 ; invitation, 391 ; funeral, ib.; buri- al, 392 ; epitaph, ib. ; curious cus- toms, 393 ; character and peculi- arities, 394 ; differences with asso- ciates, 394 ; reconciliation with Matthai, 395 ; Peter Becker, 396 ; epistles to, 307 ; Christoph Sauer, 398 ; so-called letter book, 399 ; contents of, 400 ; theosophical lectures, 440. Beissel, Joh. Peter, 26S. Beissel, ■ — -, see Sister Sevoram, 188. Bell, Eckerlin, 257 ; sold to Holy Trinity Church, 257. Bember, Jacob, agent for Bible, 51. Bentz, Johann, 426. Berleburg Bible, 6 ; price of, 7 ; title, 17. Bermudian congregation, 270, 271 ; Indian incursions, 272. Benjamin, Bro., transcribes music, 305- Benno settles in Virginia, 356. Beussel, Johann Peter, 268, 269. Beussel, Peter, 400. Bible, Wittenberg, 27 ; Sauer, in Royal Libraries of Germany, 61 ; disposal of the edition, 62. Bindery at Ephrata, 228. Bingamann, 357-8. Bjorck, Provost, 321. Birkenmeyer, Rev. W. C, 276. Blandina, Sister, 188. Blaeu, Willem Jansen, 227. Blum, Ludwig, 132, 136, 137. Bradford, Andrew, agent for Sauer Bible, 14. Braght's Martyr Spiegel, 244; titles, 245, 246 ; printed at Ephrata, 247 ; Acrelius' account, 248, 252. Bramin (see Melonia), 188. Brandywine, battle of, 421. Broad River Church, 264. Broadsides, Eckerlin, 231 ; fac- simile of heading, 232. Bromley, Thomas, 167 ; title, 168. Brown, Enoch, murder of, 363. Brunholtz, Rev. Peter, 254. Boehme, Jacob, theosophy, 69 ; speculations of, 162, 165. Boehm, Rev. Philip, 277. Bohler Catharina Esther, 382, 451 ; Christoph, 382-3 ; Elizabeth, 382. Bohler (see Catharina), 188. Bolles, Ebenezer, 109 ; entertains Ephrata pilgrims, 109 ; death of, 1 10 ; John, entertains Ephrata pil- grims, 104, 109. Bollinger genealogy, 457-58. Bookbindery, 117. Buddhistic view, 165. Buszfertige Beicht-Bater, 479. Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress, 447-8. Burn, to pow-wow, 378-9 ; formula for, 380. Index. 525 Calmities foreshadowed, SS. Cammerhoff vs. Weiser, 287. Camp Fever, 423. Canstein Bible Institution, 4, 24. Canstein, Carl Hildebrand von, 5. Cartoons, printing and bookbind- ing, 226. Catharina, Sister, 188. Celibates leave Virginia, 358. Chandler, Hon. J. K.., address of, 226 ; quoted, 410. Charles, Philip, Count Palatine, 268. Cheat, River, camp on, 349. Christiche Bibliothek, 479. Christiches Gemuths-gesprach, 463, 464. Chroniclers soi-distant, 397. Chronicon Ephralense, title, 47 r ; English version, 472-3. Choirs formed, 141 ; full, 145. Classics, proposals to print, 303. Collegium Pietatis, 209. Comet of 1743, 87, 243 ; book of, 89 ; book title, id. ; description by Sauer, 91-94. Communal life adopted, 115. Continental currency, 468-70. Cross, school of, 453. Creabill, Jonas, 356. Crellius, Joseph, opposes Sauer, 27 ; publishes Journal, 29. Culver John, a Rogerine, 98, 99, 100; Sarah, 98, 99 ; Thomas, 99. Dance of Death, Ephrata, 210. David Lewis, 259 ; shield of, 375. Davis, Phillips, 259 ; Thomas goes to Ephrata Sabbath-school, 308 ; William, Rev., 98; William, 259. Declaration of Independence trans- lated by Jaebez, 420. Derborough, John, 261. Delicice Ephratenses, 465. Devotional books, 233;fac-simile,/6. Diet, special for singers, 153, 154. Dissertation of Man's Fall, 236, 461. Division of the day, 184, 185, 186. Doehling, Jacob,84; bill from Sauer, 85, S6. Drusiana, Sister, hymn by, 145, 189. Dunlap, William, printer at Lancas- ter, 446, 480. Duboy, Abraham, 213. Dumckly, John, 264. Dunkers settle on Shenandoah, 333 ; in Conecocheague valley, 457- Dunker creed, title, 80 ; transla- tion, 81-84. Dunker's Bottom, 344-349. Dunker's Creek, 344. Dunker's well, 358. Eagle, Church of the, 561 ; hymn to, 362. Eckerlin, Brothers, 7, 12, 18, 114; assume charge, 115 ; buy grain, 124 ; tunes and hymns eliminated, 145 ; history of, 207 et seq.; come to America, 211 ; work for Chris- topher Sauer, 213 ; journey to Dunker's Creek, 342-3 ; settle west of Alleghanies, 343 ; de- scription of house, 348 ; widow, 211 ; comes to America, 212 ; con- sults Matthai, id. ; books burned, 216 ; leave Ephrata, warrant for arrest, 218; Ephrata account, 219; bell arrives, 257 ; polemic against Moravians, 223 ; chief factors in getting press, 224; title-page, 239; settlement destroyed by Indians, 351 ; maltreated by French, 353 ; taken to France via. Quebec, 353. Eckerlin, Catharina, 213. Eckerlin, Gabriel (see Jotham), ap- prenticed, 212. 526 Index. Eckerlin, Israel (see Onesimus), works for Sauer, 22; baptized, ib.; 213 ; deposition as Prior, 2151411. Eckerlin, Michaal, 208 ; account of, 209 ; marries, ib.; arrested, 211 ; goes to Schwarzenau, ib. Eckerlin, Samuel (see Jephune), agent for Bible, 49 ; supervises printing, 213 ; buys land on Shen- andoah, 355, 356 ; takes out pat- ent, 411; counter-petition, 414; petitions Assembly, 414. Eckstein, Christian, bequest of, 418. Eckstein, Elizabeth (see Ketura), 187. Edwards, Joshua, 264 ; Richard, 259- Effigenia, hymn by, 145, 187, 203. Egoz/.?. Non-Ego, 163. Eicher, Anna (see Naemy), 188; Jacob, 416 ; Maria assumes insig- nia, 120. Eleazer, Brother, hymns of, 145, 3l3> 3J8, 322 ; consecrated, 388. Elimelech leaves Kloster, 217. Eliot's Indian Bible, title, 8, 9, 30. Elkanah, hymns of, 145 ; settles in Virginia, 356. Ely, Abraham, 369. Emblem, Mystical Rosicrucian, 174. Engelsbruder, 162. Enoch, Brother (see Weiser) Con- rad. Ephrata press, 222 ; when set up, 223 ; account of, ib. ; at Historical Society, 225 ; description of, 227. Ephriam, 334 ; returns to Pennsyl- vania, 339. Ernsthaffte Christen- Pflicht, 464. Erster Eiugatig und Gebal, 466. Esdras, Apocalypse of, 41. Etliche Anmerkungen, 473 ; title, 474- Eugenia, hymn by, 145. Eufemia, Sister, 188. Eunicke, Sister, 189. Euphrosina, hymn by, 145, 188. Eusebia, Sister, 269. Evans, Rev. Samuel, 260. Exodus of 1709, 332. Ezekiel (see Heinnch Sangmeister), 341 ; settles in Virginia, 356 ; prays at Beissel's death, 390 ; haunted by Beissel, 393. F. Fahnestock, Andreas, 369 : portrait, 370; anecdote of, 371. Fahnestock, Sister (see Armella), 188. Fahnestock, Peter, 416, 418. Fahnestock, Dr. Wm. M., 161 ; por- trait, 162. Fahnestock, MSS., 135, 302. Fairfax, Lord, 334. Faulkner, Captain Joseph, 57. 58. Feuer-Segen, 373 ; Hebrew, 375, 376, 377- Feuer-Zettel, 375. Fiedler, Godfrey, 405. Fires, incendiary, 372. Fire-spell, 377 ; blowing, 57S. Fiske, John, quoted, 331. Flavia, Sister, hymns by, 145, 188 ; letter to Weiser, 292. Foeben (Phcebe), Sister, hymns by, 145, 187 ; invocation, 202 ; death of, 203. Foltz, Catharina (see Lucia), 188. Fracturschrifft, 299. Francke, Rev. August Herman, 2. Franklin, Benjamin, agent for Sauer Bible, 14 ; loans type to Sauer, 45; gets German type from Sauer, 47; bill to Sauer, 48 ; prints German books and newspaper, 213 ; fac- simile, ib.; letter to, 355 ; a friend of Jaebez, 435 ; letter to, 435-6 ; establishes press in Lancaster, 441 ; agreement with Samuel Hoi- Index. 527 land, 445 ; with Dunlap, 446,480; German life of, 483. Freame, John, 448. French priest leads Indian attack, 250. Friedsam, hymn to, 463. Fulling-mill, 116 ; destroyed, 123. Funk, Christina (see Blandina), 188; (see Genoveva), 189; Heinrich, 243 ; 249 ; 346 ; 400 ; Jacob, 334 ; buys land, 355 ; 417 ; Johann, 355 ; 334 ; Martin, 340 ; Martin, Jr., 426 ; Veronica, 416. Furgler, Francis (Hermit), 102. Gass, Jacob, baptized, 22, 213, 256, 411. Garoz uene, testament, 475. Gehr, (See Rebecca), 189. Geistliches Magazin, first paper printed with American type, 45 ; title, 46. Genoveva, hymn by, 145. Gerber, Maria Elizabeth, 332. Gesprach Bctreffend des Sabbaths, 484. Gewiss, Bro., 400. Gichtel, 162, 163. Gideon, hymns of, 145. Gimsheim revival at, 266 ; opposi- tion of clergy, 267, 269, 270. Gitter, Catharina (Eufrosina), 188. Glass organ invented by Franklin and Jaebez, 435. Glogau, arms of, 255. Godschalck, Jacob, 244. Golden apples, 235 ; sub-titles, 237. Gorgas, . (See Sophia), 188. Gottliche IVunderschrift, 477. Graff, . (See Priscam), 189. Grain bought, 121. Gregory, Benj., 264. Griffiths, Abel, 261 ; David, 260 ; Griffy, 259. Gristmill, tablet on, 125; transla- tion, 126 ; again set on fire, 126, 127; upper mill, 127, 116. Guth, Salome. (See Serah), 188. H. Hackley, Hannah, 261. Hageman, Joh. Hen., 262 ; cheated by Seymour, 263 ; Henrich, 291. Haggai settles in Virginia, 356. Halle Orphanage, 2 ; view of, 3 ; remedies of, 4, 21 ; sends Muhl- enberg, 24 ; Bibles sent to Amer- ica, 6, 7 ; doctor book, 20, 21 ; furnished at cost, 24 ; called Pietisteti Bibel, 26 ; University, 21 ; remedies, display card, 292. Han, Adam, 285. Hanna, Sister, hymn by, 145, 188, 299. Hanselman, . (See Eunicke), 189. Hark, Rev. J. Max, mention of, 90. Harley, Mary, 397. Harris, Dr., dies of fever, 424. Harris, Eli, 264. Hans-Segen, 228 ; fac-simile, 230. Heger, Rev. Joh. F., 275. Heintzelman, Rev. J. D. M., 277. Heitler, I. Martin, presents Ephrata Press to Historical Society, 225. Hempstead, Joshua, notes arrival of Ephrata pilgrims, 103 ; diary, 104 ; house, ib. Hendricks, Daniel, 34S. Henry, William, 403. Hess, Pastor, 267. Heidelberg, Consistory at, refuses to act, 267. Hildebrand, Johannes, associated with Sauer, 12 ; magister, 18, 69, 70 ; testimony against Moravians, 74. 75. 76 ; Moravian reply, 76, 77 ; Hildebrand's answer, 78, 79 ; sells farm to Widow Eckerlin, 212. 528 Index. \ Hoch Deutsche Pennsylvanische Journal, 29. Hoch Deutsche Pennsylvania Ge- schichts Schreiber, 31. Hochman, Ernst Christoph, Dunker creed, 80 ; translation, 81, 84. Hocker, Ludwig (see Bro. Obed), 297, 416. Hocker, Maria (see Petronella), 188, 297. Hofly, Barbara, dies, 388. Hoffly, (see Drusiana), 189 ; Elizabeth (see Bassilla), 188. Honig (Hoenning), Elizabeth von, 382- 3 ; George von, 400. Hoffman, Christopher, opposes Sauer, 42. Hohe Zengnusse, 239. Holland, Saml, printer at Lancaster, 441, 443 ; bond to Franklin, 444. Hollenthal, Anton, 344. Hood of Sisterhood, 192. Hopkinson, Francis, poem, 438. Horn, G., 361, 364. Huber, Anna Maria, 426. Hummer, Catharine, 38r, 384-5. Iddings, William, 259. Incantations, Hebrew, 373, 375 ; Christian, 377. Indenture for Kloster lands, 412 ; tripartite, 413. Indian incursions on Bermudian, 272. 357, 358,363 ; murder Enoch Brown and scholars, ib. ; Zinn, Heinrich, attack by Indians, 357-8. Indianer Predigt, 474. Initials, ornate, 300, 301. Inwendige Glaubens Uebung, 467. Ink, formula for, 302 ; for mystic chart, 373 Irenici, Theodicai, 239. 241 ; second title, 240 ; revised title, 241 ; sub- stituted title, 242, 243. J- Jaebez writes against Moravians, 70 ; title, 72 ; preaches to Sabba- tarians, 98 ; journeys to New Eng- land, 95, 96 ; in New London, 103, 108 ; preaches in Westerly, Rhode Island, 109; portrait, 123; hymns of, 145 ; vs. Acrelius, 169 ; trans- lates and supervises printing of Martyr Book, 247, 249 ; a Prior, 258 ; protects Hageman estate, 263 ; instructs Weiser, 279 ; inter- cedes for Beissel, 2S4, 291-2 ; meets Acrelius, 313, 317-18, 320, 322 ; argues with Acrelius, 325-7 ; directs Antietam church, 365 ; ap- points Peter Lehman, 365 ; con- secrated, 388 ; preaches at Beis- sel's funeral, 391 ; Prior, 401 ; Latin letter to Edw. Shippen, 404 ; elected member of Amer. Philos. Soc, 403 ; invents an au- ger, 403 ; learned in the law, 405 ; letter to Julianna Penn, 406-8 ; Lady Penn's reply, 409 ; presents law books to Lancaster library, 409 ; intercourse with Penn fam- ily, 410 ; account of himself, ib. ; litigation, 411 ; argues before the Assembly, 414 ; appeal, 415; de- feated, 416 ; management of Kloster, 419; visits Antietam, 420 ; translates Declaration of Independence, 421 ; friend of Washington, 426 ; intercedes for traitor, 431 ; Christian magna- nimity, 432 ; appoints a successor, 434 ; death and burial, ib. ; a friend to Franklin, 435 ; interest- ing letters, 435-6 ; scheme for floating firewood on creeks, 436 ; poem in honor of, 438. Jael, Sister, hymn by, 145. James, John, 259. James, William, 259. Index. 529 Jehoiada, 361. Jephune (see Samuel Eckerlin), journeys to New England, 95, 96 ; 138 ; refuses to sing, 139 ; 335 ; sells land on New River, 341 ; Point-no-Point, id., as a trapper, 343 ; visits Shenandoah, 348 ; ar- rested as spy at Winchester, 349 ; released by Governor, 350 ; Dela- ware Indians warn Jephune, 349 ; arrested at Fort Pleasant, 350 ; treated as French spy, 351 ; bur- ies remains, 353 ; writes to France, 354 ; letter to Franklin, 355 ; settles in Virginia, 356. Jesuit en Leder, 116. Jethro, hymns of, 145 ; appointed Prior, 256, 25S. Jewish law, 171. Job, interpolation in Book of, 5r. Joel, hymns of, 145. John, David, 260. John, Jane, 260. Johnson house, 439. Joseba, Sister, 18S. Jotham (see Gabriel Eckerlin), quarrels with Beissel, 217 ; ar- rives at Ephrata, 339 ; as trapper, 343; visits Shenandoah, 348; captured by Indians, 351 ; taken to Fort Duquesne, 353 ; fate of, 353- Julianna Library Co., 409. Jung, William, 97 ; love feast at, 395 ; letters to, 400. K. Kassel, Yilles, 244. Kedar, 256 ; taken for hospital, 423. Keister, Amos, 35S ; flower pot by, 359- Keith, Gov., 275 ; invites Palatines, 276. Kelpius, Joh, 296, 332. Kenan, Bro., ministers to Jaebez, 434- Keturah, hymn by, 145, 187. Keyserlinck, Count Herman, 61. Kimmel, Adam, 426 ; Jacob, 400 ; book by, 467 ; Joh. Jacob, 269-70. Koch, Johannes, 426. Koeppen, C. F., 165. Kolb, Dielman, 244, 249; Martin, 244. Klopf, (see Theckla), 1S9. Knepper, Elizabeth, hymn by, 481. Krafft, Joh. Heinrich, 209; arrested, 211. Kurtz, Joh. Nicholaus, 254. Kyrie eleison, 243. L. Lassie, Christianna (see Phcebe), 187. Lamech, Bro., 22, 124, 361. Lancaster Gazette, 442-43. Landert, (see Rahel), 1S8. Laura on the Massanutton, 346 ; retirement to, 347 ; demolished, id. Lehman, Peter, appointed teacher, 365 ; takes charge, 366 ; grave of, 367, 36S, 369 (see appendix). Levi the Jew, 376. Lichty, Anna, 416. Lincolm, Mordecai, 259. Lobwasser tunes, 132 ; chorals, 135. Lohman, Joh. Heinrich, 269, 271, 272. Lohman, Heinrich, 400. Looms, 116. Loveall, Henry, 101, 102. Lovell, John (Pythagorean), 101. Lucia, Sister, 188. Ludovici, Bro., 400. Luther, Dr. H. Ehrenfried, 15, 44, 58 ; writes dedication, 59 ; fac- simile, 60 ; 223. Luther's Catechism, title, 20. ! Lutherans aid Brethren, 124 ; on good terms with Ephrata, 252 ; hymns in honor of, 253. 53° Index. \ M. Mack, Alexander (see Timotheus and Theophilus), interested in type founding, 45 ; discards ton- sure, 67 ; marries Elizabeth Neiss, 67, 234 ; apologie, 476. Mack, Constantia, 188. Mack, Valentine, 69 ; entreats Alexander to return to Ephrata, 338. Mahanaim, Va., 336, 340. Manasseh, 340. Mann, -Sarah, 99. Marburg University, 21 ; Christo- pher Sauer not a graduate of, id. Margaretha, Sister, 426. Maria, hymns by, 145 ; Prioress, letter to Weiser, 291 ; meets Acrelius, 315 ; visits Antietam, 363 ; estrangement with Beissel, 386. Marshall, Christopher, 117; revises English Chronicon, 472 ; extracts from diary, 473. Martin, Brother, hymns of, 145. Martin, George Adam, 271 ; 361 ; installed, 364; book by, 479. Martin, Jacob, 172 ; builds labora- tory, 175. Martyr book (see Braght's Martyrs Spiegel) Mason & Dixon's line, section of, 33i- Massanutton Mountain, 356 ; Laura on, 347. Masters and Lords, 157. Mathematics, example of, 304. Matthiii, Conrad, 97 ; 212 ; 297 ; 394; reconciliation with Beissel, 395 ; letter to, 400. Mayer, Barbara, 416. Mayer, Solomon, secures Ephrata press, 481 ; title by, 4S1-2. Mayer, Benjamin, title by, 482-3. Meacha, Sister, 188. Melinger, Gertraut, 426. Melodies, early, 132. Melonia, Sister, 188 ; hymn to, 468. Meridith, Simon, 259. Merkel, , 284. Merkwiirdige Geschichte, 477 ; title, 478. Mennonite books, printed at Eph- rata, 233 ; prayer book, 235. Meyle (see Bro. Amos), Jan, 213 ; takes out patent, 411. Midnight services, 329. Migtonia, Sister, 137. Mills bought, 115; rebuilt, 116; demands on, 121 ; destruction of, 122 ; rebuilt, 124 ; description of, 125- Miller, Heinrich, 22, 212, 426. Miller, Heinrich, printer at Lan- caster, 441, 443. Miller, Henry, brings suit before Assembly, 414. Miller, Maria (see Paulina), 188. Miller, Rev. Peter (see alsojaebez), 7, 18, 22, 132, 277. Mohr, Jacob, Sr., 400. Monchschrifft, 299. Moravians, 69 ; denounced, 71, 72, 73 ; reply to Hildebrand, 77 ; visit Ephrata, 247. Morrison's Cove, press at, 225. Muhlenberg, Rev. H. M., 13, 24; attacks Sauer Bible, 51 ; 276. Muhlenberg, Gen. Peter, interceeds for Chr. Sauer (2nd), 67. Miiller, Johannes, 400. Miiller, Michael, publishes Gospel of Nicodemus, 251, 252. Music, Ephrata, 128; key to, 129; peculiarity of, 132 ; earliest, 133 ; two-part, 134 ; instrumental, 134 ; introduced, 135 ; four-part, 136 ; development of, 137 ; original score, 140 ; five-part, 145 ; fac- simile, 146, 147; elementary score, Index. 531 14S ; Reissel's dissertation, 155; six-part music, 156 ; Urner, Mar- tin, 135. Music, MSS., 298 ; Brother Benja- min's copy, 305. Mystical tulip, 298. Mystic chart against fire, 374. N. Nagley, Jacob, 416. Naemy, hymns by, 145, 188. Nally, Mary, 264 ; marries Sey- mour, id. Nally, Victor, 264. Nantmel, convent built at, 261 ; re- vival at, 255 ; Sabbath-keepers at, 259- Nathaniel, 340. Nathan, hymns of, 145. Negroes, account of, 454. Nehemiah, hymns of, 145. Neiss, Elizabeth, marries Alexan- der Mack, 67. Nicodemus, Gospel of, 251 ; printed at Ephrata, 251, 252, 460. Niess, Anna Elizabeth, 269 ; Jere- miah, 269. Neuliinder, 27. New England, pilgrimage to, 95. New Lights, 105, 10S. New London, Seventh-Day Baptist church, 105 ; old town mill, 113. New River, 334, 335, 336 ; departure from, 341. New Testament, published by Sauer, 63 ; title and preface, 652 ; translation, 66. Noah's dove, 322. Nunnery (Snow Hill), description of, 360-8 ; services at, 368-9. Nutt, Samuel, 259. Obed, Brother, 203 ; 297 ; preaches at Beissel's funeral, 291. Oehl, Rev. John Jac, 276. Oil-mill, 116 ; destroyed, 123, 126. Olive Branch, title, 321. Onesimus (see Israel Eckerlin) de- nounces Moravians, 73 ; journeys to New England, 95, 96 ; visits Barnegat, 100 ; journeys to New London, 103, 108 ; visits Wester- ly, R. I., 109 ; keeps diary of pilgrimage, 113, 114, 118; robes himself like Jewish high priest, 119 ; portrait, 123 ; 284 ; 334, 335, 336 ; arrives at Ephrata, 339, 440 ; leaves New River, 341 ; refuses to live on Point-no-Point, 341 ; visits Shenandoah, 348 ; captured by Indians, 351 ; fac-simile of po- lemic, 352 ; in captivity, 353 ; fate of, 353- Otto, Joh. Heinrich, 465. Owen, Thomas, 264. P. Paper mill, 118, 1 16-126. Parthenopolis, 467. Pastors arrive, 6. Paul, Abraham, 2S4. Paulina, hymns by, 145, 188. Peascify, Thomas, 261. Penn, Lady Ju'.ianna, 405 ; letter to, 405-8 ; by, to Peter Miller, 408-9 ; Thomas, donates land, 410, 40S. Pennsylvania Synods, 69. Pennsylvania, distributing point of Palatines, 331. Persida, hymns by, 145, 188. Petronella, Sister, 188-203, 297- Philadelphian Society, 209. Philadelphia, love-feast at, 395. Philemon, hymns of, 145 ; conse- crated, 388. Phillips, William, 259. Philosopher's Stone sought at Eph- rata, 173 ; formula, 174. Piersol, Jeremiah, 259, 261 ; John, 259 ; Richard, 259. 532 Index. Pietists build school-house, 296. Pilgrims, Ephrata, arrive at New London, 103 ; suspected as French Jesuits, 104 ; visit Rhode Island, 108-109 ; return to Pennsylvania, no; arrested as Jesuits in New York, in; arrive at Ephrata, 112 ; diary kept by Onesimus, 113. Piscator, version, 51 \vs. Luther, 53. Presbyterians, leave Great Valley Church, 260. Printing ink made by Sauer, 23. Printing press, 118. Press of Brotherhood, 222. Priscam, hymn by, 145. Psalterspiel, 368. Pulpit of Brother Saal, 314. singing, 105 Baptists, Quakers, 105 Quarries opened, 117. Queen of Hungary (ship), 57, 58. R. Rabat Geschrey, 467. Rahel, hymns by, 145, 188. Rebecca, Sister, 189. Regnier, Francois, 332-335. Revolution, trials of Kloster Com- munity, 421 ; seizure of paper, 425. Riem, Peter, 276 ; Sophia, 276. Reiger, Dr. Johann Friedrich, agent for Bible, 49, 50. Roberts, David, 259 ; Owen, 259. Roemeling, C. A., book by, 479. Roger, David, 261 ; Philip, 259. Rogerine Baptists, 105. Rogerines, 98 ; affiliated families, 99 ; visit Ephrata and Amwell, 100 ; Barnegat, 100 ; worship of, 101 ; disputes with New Lights, 105, 106; meeting house at Gro- ton, 106 ; curious anecdotes, 106- 107 ; object to medicines and physicians, ib. Rogers, John, 100 ; entertains Quak- ers, 105 ; great faith, 107-109. Rosen- Garten Zionitischer, 142. Roosen, Gerhard, 463. Roses of Saron, 176 ; betrothal, 176 ; seal of, 177 ; Chronicon of, 176-206; contents, 178; MSS. title, 179; consecration. 180; theosophy, 181 ; history of, 182 ; discipline, 183 ; division of day, 184 ; daily routine, 187 ; classes, ib. ; names of Sisters, 188; rule of habit, 189 ; picture of, 190 ; clothing, 191 ; hood worn, 192 ; school practice, 193 ; rule of the night, 194 ; plan of lower floor, 195 ', virginal discipline, 196 ; duties of overseer, 197 ; power of, 198 ; locking of the door, 199; plan of second floor, ib. ; portrait of, 200 ; novices, rule of, 201 ; curious customs at Sister's death, 202 ; employment, 203 ; embroidery, 204 ; the last indus- try, 205 ; quilting designs, 206. Rosen u. Lilien, 449. Ross, Mr. George, 312, 315, 317. Rudman, Pastor, 321. Russel, William, 334, 355. S. Sabbatarians settle in New Jersey, 98. Sabbath-keepers, migration of, 259 ; Providence, 259. Sabbatarian meeting-house at Nant- mel, 263. Sabbath-school, first, 308 ; Thomas Davis' letter, 308 ; reward card, 309 ; Bro. Obed, ib. ; assisted by Petronella, 310. Salma, hymns of, 145. Sangmeister, Henrich, (see also Ezekiel), sketch of, 344 ; longs for solitude, 345 ; leaves Ephrata, Index. 533 ib. ; on the Shenandoah, 346 ; visits Germantown, ib. ; builds Laura, id. ; visits Dunker's Bot- tom, 34S; buys land, 355. Sauer, Catharina, 67. Sauer, Christopher, a clockmaker, 1 ; deals in books, ib.; deals in various Bibles, 6 ; plans to pub- lish Bible, 7 ; not the first Bible published in America, 7 ; gives notice of proposed version, 9 ; prospectus, 10; translation, n; support from Sectarians, 13 ; an- nouncement in almanac, 13 ; in Franklin and Bradford's papers, 14 ; risks run to obtain type from Frankfort, ib. ; commences printing, 16 ; location of drack- ery, ib. : motto, 18 ; Weyrauchs Hiigel, 19 ; as a proof-reader, 19 ; German autograph, 21 ; not a college graduate, 21 ; religious status, 23 ; first type set, 23 ; fails to obtain support, 24 ; opposed by Muhlenberg, 25 ; reports to Germany, ib. ; op- posed by Schwenkfelders, 26 ; Bible nears completion, 27; Sauer vs. Crellius, 28 ; Bible ready for delivery, 29 ; " Esistvollbracht," 31 ; title-pages, 32 ; collation, 33 ; original title, 34 ; revised, 35 ; to New Testament, 36 ; preface, 37 ; fac-simile, 38 ; translation, 39 ; interpolation, 40 ; short com- pend, 43, 44 ; obtains type and paper from Franklin, 45 ; fac- simile of Franklin's account, 48 ; announces Bible, 49 ; delivered from Ephrata, ib. ; reply to Muhlenberg's attacks, 52 ; Sauer vs. Rev. Caspar Schnorr, 54, 55, 56 ; sends Bibles to Germany, 57 ; publishes New Testament, 63 ; title, 64 ; preface, 65 ; trans- lation, 66 ; death of, 62 ; memo- morial to, 68 ; prints anti-Mora- vian pamphlets, 71, 72, 73, 75, 76, 77. 79 I prints Dunker creed, 80 ; bill to Jacob Doehling, 85 ; de- scribes comet of 1743, 91-94 ; employs Eckerlin, 213 ; 223, 224, 244 ; uses bad paper in Bible, 244 ; contradicts rumors, 334 : sends Bible, 346 ; reconciliation with Beissel, 39S ; missives, 398, 399- 4oo. Sauer, Christopher (2d), 67 ; auto- graph ; death of, ib. ; house of, on Main Street, 86 ; 167. Sauer, Christopher (3d), 56 ; re- ward for treason, 68. Sauer, Samuel, 56. Sauer, Peter, 56. Sauer, Maria Christiana, 398. Schaum, Joh. Helfrich, 254. Schilling, Johann, 348 ; captured by Indians, 351. Schneeberger, Andreas, 365 ; mar- ries, 365 ; takes up land, 366 ; family of, 366, 369 ; Barbara, 366 ; Hans, 364 ; children of, 364. School-book, Obed's, 306-7. Schnorr, Rev. Casper Ludwig, at- tacks Sauer's Bible, 54 ; Sauer's reply, 55. Schul-Buc/ilcin, Obed's, 474. Screw auger invented by Prior Jaebez, 403. Schuck, . (See Persida), 188. Schiile, Hans Michael, 382. Schuppi, Johannes, bookbinder, 61. Schwenkfelders oppose Sauer Bible, 42. Seal, Ephrata, 452. Seelig, Johann, 97 ; 296. Seforam, Sister, 188. Seidensticker, Dr. Oswald, 161, 162, 165. Sendivogius, Michael, 173. 534 Index. Sener, Gottlieb, 257. Senseman, Jacob, 416. Sentonius, Alexander, 173. Serah, Sister, 188. Sevorane, Sister, 269. Seymour, Israel, 261 ; marries, 262 ; cheats Hageman, 263 ; goes to Sonth Carolina, 263 ; marries Mary Nally, 264 ; Edward's de- scription of, 264 ; writes to Ephrata, 265 ; forgeries, 291. Shenandoah, Dunkers on, 333 ; Funks settle on, 344 ; arrival of Sangmeister, 346; visits by Jotham and Onesimus, 348. Shirley, Gov., war, 2S8. Shoemaker, Peter, bequest of, 416. Shoemaking industry, 116. Shippen, Edw., letter to, from Prior Jaebez, 404. Schraeder, Rev. J. G., 478. Silberborg, Christian, 400. Singing Quakers, 105 ; Banks and case, 105. Sirone builds kiln, 356. Snowberger, Barbara, 366. Snowberger, Elizabeth, 129 ; 366 ; sings sixth-part, 369. Snowberger, Obed, 129, Snow Hill (Schneeberg), music at, 129; press at, 225; 360; insti- tute (see also Nunnery), deed to, 366 ; building, 367 ; decline of, 37i- Sontag, Jacob, 341. Sophia, hymns by, 145, 188. South Carolina, Church in, 264-5. Spiritual manifestations, 381 ; Boh- ler, 382 ; 382, 383, 384, 385 : after Beissel's death, 393. Squam, Sabbatarians at, 98, 101. Stall, Rev. Jacob, preaches funeral sermon of Jaebez, 434. Stamm, Conrad, 68. Stattler, (see Theresia), 189. Stattler, Susanna, 416 ; (see Zeno- bia), 188. Stoever, Rev. J. Caspar, 13. Stovertown, 358. Strasburg (Va.), 358. Stretch, Joh., 261. Tabea, Sister, 139 ; hymns by, 145. Tannery, 116. Tauben-gesang at Snow Hill, 368. Theckla, hymns by, 145, 189. Theobald, Bro. (Philip Weiser), 293- Thomas, Gov., appoints Weiser Justice, 279. Theonis, hymns of, 145. Theophilus (see Alexander Mack), translates for Mennonites, 234 ; apology, 476. Theresia, hymns by, 145. Tilton, Dr James, 424. Timotheus (see Alexander Mack), journeys to New England, 95, 96 ; leaves Ephrata with Eck- erlins, 217, 220 ; 334, 336 ; returns to Pennsylvania, 337 ; his dream, 338 ; letter from Valentine, 46. ; joins Germantown Dunkers, 339, 340. Traut, (see Eufemia), 188. Tripartite agreement, 413. Tulpehocken Confession, Weiser's account, 287, 288. Turtel Taube, 138; title, 143; translation, 144 ; preface, 146, 151; 160; derivation of name, 243 ; continuations, 440, 448, 449, 45ii 452 \ stimme der, 467. Type, first cast in America, 45 ; not made on blacksmith's anvil, ib. U. Ubelen, Anna, 275. Index. 535 Van Dieren, Rev. J. B., 276. Vegetarian diet, 319. Virginia, Bibles sent to, 56 ; men- tion of, by Acrelius, 330. W. Waeir, Abraham, 99, 101. Wagner, Tobias, 450. Wahnseidel, George, 28. Walter, Caspar, Jr., 426. Waretovvn, 99. Washington, Gen. Geo., 426. Watermark, Ephrata, 446 ; Zionitic, 236. Watson, J. F., quoted, 302. Weiser, Anna Eve, 278 ; Anna Mad- lina, 276-8 ; Benjamin, 278 ; 285 ; Christopher, 277 ; Conrad, 7-12 ; 251, 252; protects Hageman es- tate, 263 ; 274 ; Bro. Enoch, id. ; parentage, 275-277 ; Bro. Enoch, 279 ; justice, id. ; resigns from Kloster, 281- 3 ; issues warrant against Beissel, 284 ; ranger, 285 ; attempt to kill, 285 ; letter of resignation, 286 ; favors Mora- vians, 287 ; Cammerhoff on, 288 ; account of Tulpehocken confu- sion, 287 ; candidate for Assem- bly, 287 ; captain, 288 ; goes to Reading, 289 ; poem, id. ; wig- wam, 290 ; sells Halle remedies, 290 ; Sister Flavia's letter, 292 ; breach with Beissel, 293 ; recon- ciliation, id.; death of, 294 ; burial, 295 ; 405. Weiser, Elizabeth, 277. Weiser, Frederick, 276. Weiser, Hanna, 278 ; 285. Weiser, Jaebez, 278. Weiser, Jacob (2d), 275 277. Weiser, Margaret, 277. Weiser, Maria Anna, 276. Weiser, Peter, 277-8. Weiser, Philip, 276, 293. Weiser, Bro. Theobald, 276, 293. Weiser, Samuel, 278. Weiser, Sister (see Flavia), 188. Weiss, Rev. J. Michael, 13. Weyrauchs Hug el, 7; 19; 135; music of, 136-143 ; 368. Whitefield, Rev., 13. Widman, Michael, 427 ; account of treason, 427, et seq. Williams, Lewis, 259 ; John, 259. Witt, Dr. Christopher, describes comet, 87, 88 ; 184, 337. VVohlfarth, Michael, 212 ; journeys to Virginia, 332"335- Wood, Col. James, 347. IVunderschrifft, 164 ; 236. Wunderspiel Paradisiches, 149 ; title, 140, 461. Wiister, Johannes, 117 ; 339. Zodack, Bro., 269. Zaeller, Amelia, 276. Zenobia, hymns by, 145, 188 ; at Snow Hill, 371. Zeusinger, Godfrey, 454. Ziegler, Michael, 244. Zeisiger, J. George, 454, 456. Zeisigerin, Eva Rebman, 457. Zinzendorf, Count, 13, 69 ; pamphlets against, 71. Zinn, Gerhard, 400 ; Heinrich, 337. Zion convent abandoned, 256 ; taken for hospital, 421. Zionitic pillar, 228 ; fac-simile, 229 ; brotherhood, 119, 252 ; disbanded, 256. Zionitischen Stiffts, 238 ; fac-simile, 239- Zohar, mention of, 88. * » *fe ^v,m Mf Is lr G SB W; S"