[^ ^\.. W^: ^- > J- *'4^ ®ltcological ^ctninavjj, PRINCETON, N. J. No. Case, No. She//, No. Book, *^ / s VY 5 'Jv waW THP c,>/vX-^''i- ^"^ BOOK OF PSALMS, YTHX^^^ without POINTS; (^^^^^^ CORRECTED FROM THE EDITION OF VANDER HOOGHT, WITH A KEY, GRAMMAR, LITERAL ENGLISH VERSION, AND LEXICON, UPON AN IMPROVED PLAN, JOHN R E I D, M. D. MEMBER OF THE FACULTY OF PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS, GLASGOW. Eruditi possunt judicare, nides discere, scioli neutnitn. GLASGOW : Printed at the Unircrsitj/ Press, SOJ.D I5Y M. OGLE, WARDLAW & CUNNINGHAME, AND THE OTHER BOOKSELLERS. 1821. PREFACE, EXPLANATORY KEY. This work, it is hoped, will be found sufficient to enable the diligent student to read, understand, and analyze every word, in this part of the Sacred Volume, and thus prepare the way for the attainment of Oriental Literature. The best instructions that can be afforded, will, it must be confessed, be unsuccessful, if steadiness and activity be deficient. What are all the precepts that can be delivered to the pupil even during the course of an university education, they are nothing more, if we may be allowed the comparison, than the sign-board upon the highway which informs the travel- ler concerning the distance he has still to walk, and points out to him the direction of the right path, but this is all ; should the wayfaring man then stop he would never reach the proper end of his journey. It is the same with the scholar, if inattentive ; the best instructions, in whatever way they may be communi- cated, are of no avail. To be well acquainted with the Lexicon is of great importance ; this is the key that opens the whole treasures of Philology. When a diffi- culty arises in translating any passage, it will be found that the deficiency springs from not fully investigating VI PREF'ACK. the words in the Dictionary, this being done the ob- stacle will in general be removed : " hie labor, hoc opus est." The Grammar and Translation will lend their aid, corroborating each other's testimony, and a threefold cord is not easily broken. It is taken for granted that he who expects to profit by this Volume, is well ac- quainted with the principles of English Grammar, ac- cordingly the Translation will be to him almost a perpe- tual key. The Version will point out the parts of speech, and assist in discovering many of the more difficult roots ; if a noun, it will mark the case, gender, and number, in general ; if a verb, the conjugation, the voice, the mood, the tense, the number, the gender, and the person ; in a word, if not contraindicated by the small explanatory dash - whatever the parts of speech are in the Transla- tion, the Hebrew upon investigation will be found al- most always the same. The Lexicon is not confined to the Psalms, but is extended for the whole Bible, whether Hebrew or Chaldaic; it gives information con- cerning the servile letters, and the changes they under- go, whether as prefixes inserted, * affixed, or postfixed ; the connection between the primary and secondary * Avenarius, in his fifth rule for finding the roots, accounts for the inserted letters l and '. The rule is nearly as follows, " the nature of the serviles, the placing, the punctuation," alluding to the Masoretic pointing, " and the signi- fication before all things ought to be exactly known. For either the serviles are added to the beginning of the root, or affixed, never in the middle. For with regard to the insertion of l and % this arises from the forni and reason of the accompanying points, which cannot be placed under the letters as is the casa with the other points." PREFACE. Vll meaning of the words is frequently given, also the gen- der of the nouns. Perhaps the small modern Lexicons are deficient in this particular, as the form of the verb is often dependent on the gender of the nominative ; in order that the transition to the older, and more ex- tended Lexicons, may be easy, the Latin translation is for the most part given. As an improvement of the plan, favourable for the student, in a summary way, referring to the proper place for a more extended ex- plication ; the Lexicon will hkewise in many instances direct to the root when any of the radicals is omitted ; thus >^n To go, is marked R. X13 also not a few of the derivatives will be found in the order of the alphabet, as niOrD m. A song, R. ")07 The Grammar in its expli- cations will either coincide with the Version and Dic- tionary, or explain such peculiarities as could not with propriety be considered elsewhere ; should any error through inadvertency creep into the Version, or Lexi- con, the Grammar will assist in rectifying it. The Translation we know is not elegant, but we hope that those for whom it has been prepared, will find it literal and just, so that with regard to it we may remark, " Ornari res ipsa negat, contenta doceri." With respect to the punctuation, we only use the comma and the period, so that when the semicolon and colon present themselves, the Version ought to be read as if thev were not in the text. In forming the Translation it was soon found that in several particulars the idiom of the two languages was different, when this occurs a small dash - is employed, to which it will be proper Vlll PREFACE. to pay attention. 1st. When the dash -comes before a noun, or an adjective taken for a noun, the Hebrew is in the plural. ""^ti^N asheri, and CD^t^l reshoim, Psalm first, verse first, or contracted, Psalm i. 1. are examples. 2d. When before the relative, the original is a participle, ••Din husT, Psalm ii. 12. 3d. When before a nominative preceded by the adverb, when, the Hebrew is the in- finitive mood used as a substantive noun. Grammar, page 29. or contracted, G. p. 29. im^D beberehu, Psalm iii. 1. 4th. When before the auxiliary verb, the imperative, the participle, or the infinitive, after the preposition, to, the verb is in the Hiphil form. n''7li"» Izellh, Psalm i. 3. iS'^Dtrn eshecllu. Psalm ii. 10. I^'iJ^^ID mushio, Psalm vii. 11. ry^^^TV? leshebith, Psalm viii. 3. 5th. When employed between the auxiliary and the participle, or an adjective, the Hebrew is the active voice, l^'i^wi^n eshecllu. Psalm ii. 10. f]3N'' lanep. Psalm ii. 12. 6th. When used before a preposition preceded by a noun or participle, the original is expressed by a single letter, ^3^ bec^l. Psalm vi. 8. '•pTifD cezedeki. Psalm vii. 9. 7th. When before, to, of the infinitive, the original has a 7 prefixed, n'^^urh leshebith, Psalm viii. 3. 8th. When the preposition, of, not affected by the dash-, comes between two nouns, these nouns in the Hebrew are in government, or regimen. G. p. 4. if the first of these nouns end in H feminine, it is changed into r\, also if the first be in the plural ending in CD*" im, the D is omitted, n'i^2 bozeth, ''"It^N asheri. Psalm i. 1. One of the greatest difficulties in acquiring any of the Eastern Languages, particularly the Hebrew, Chaldaic, PREFACE. IX Arabic, and Persian, is, that the words cannot be found in the Lexicon as they occur in the text. This diffi- culty is further increased, as frequently one and some- times two of the three radicals are omitted, thus \r\^ nethen, To give, sometimes occurs, the first and last ra- dicals being left out. The root npS lekeh, To take, omits at times the S. LD^H henet, To bring forth, also Tl^^ shene, Two ; v"]DK anep, To he angry, the medial 1 pN* amen, True, or Faithful, the final |. "T^^< ahed. Once, the finals ; but as the Lexicon attends to these peculiarities, they will give the student little embarrassment. Be- sides these examples there are eight possible varieties of a two lettered root, m);'2 bozeth. Psalm i. 1. may serve for a model. D is the preposition, in, G. p. 21. Lexicon, page 16. or contracted, L. p. 16. H is in re- gimen for n feminine, G. p. 5. L. p. 148. X^ ^^ ^ ^^^ lettered root, therefore deficient one radical : this root in its different possible forms may stand as a paradigma, thus, 1st, XV^' 2d, XT' 3d, XV^- 4 th, X^V- 5th, X^V- 6th, >ri);. 7th, n^;r. 8th, X^V- The first, the fifth, and the sixth forms, occur so seldom, that we have appropriated no specific mark for them ; but in the Lexicon the greatest care has been taken to explain them fully. When the second form occurs, we employ in the Ver- sion the acute accent, thus the very word we have se- lected as a general model has over its translation, coun- sel; this accent, which shows that the true root of |*)7 is XT' For the third form, the grave accent is employed, thus, give, in the third verse has this accent, informing the student that JH has for its root [ni For the fourth X PREFACE. form the circumflex is used, thus, scorners, in the first verse indicates that of yb^ Y^^ is the root. For the seventh form the mark of a short vowel is employed, thus in the third verse, fruity is thus marked, intimating that of ''"13, niD is the root. For the eighth form we use the mark of a long vowel, thus in the seventh verse of the second Psalm, decree, is thus marked, intimating that of pT,, ppn is the root. With regard to those roots which leave out two of the three radicals, the preceding observations will supply the first, and if \r\2 To give, and Xli To break, be excepted, the last radical is al- most always H; so that this class of deficient roots is thus rendered as easy as the preceding. Concerning the gender of nouns, in which the verb is included, having always respect to the gender of the nominative as regu- lating the verb, when a noun is masculine, the comma, the period, or the absence of any point is employed, thus, blessedness in the first verse has no point after it, ungodly, has the comma, and, night, the last word of the second verse, the period, they are therefore to be reckoned masculine. When the noun is feminine the semicolon is used, thus, counsel; in the first verse, is thus pointed, intimating that its corresponding word in the Hebrew text is feminine. When the noun is com- mon gender, the colon is used, thus, way : in the first verse, is thus pointed, informing the student that TTT is common gender, or used indiscriminately for the masculine or the feminine; the Lexicon will give infor- mation in which of those genders they are most fre- quently employed. As a further illustration of these phkfacp:. XI observations, we shall analyze the first Psalm in a man- ner independent of the Translation ; then with the first verse as an evidence, see how far by the Version, in connection with the Grammar, the same results can be obtained. ''I'^N asheri, O the-blessedness, G. p. 4. li. p. 15. The radical, primary, or ideal meaning, to go forward, common gender, or contracted, c. it denotes the relative pronoun, or something concerning the ante- cedent stil] going forward; noun masculine, or contract- ed, m. blessedness, or the happy consequence of going forward in the path of duty ; the last letter is now to be considered, G. p. 5. L. p. 55. where we are inform- ed that it is a contraction of the masculine plural in re- gimen ; concerning the case of this noun the Jewish Rabbles are not determinate, they are often in doubt, for they are not well skilled in Philology, it is evidently the vocative plural masculine in regimen of a substan- tive noun. (See Simon's Lexicon.) :i^^^?^ eaish. Of the man, this word cannot be found so easily as the pre- ceding, G. p. 3 L. p. 33. inform us that n is a pre- fix, denoting, that, or the, emphatic, J:^^i< a!sh, L. p. 8. a noun, m. radix or root, or abbreviated, R. nc'^ ishe, Existence, man, or the object or person existing, it is therefore the genitive singular masculine of a substan- tive noun. For the next word see the first of the verse. ^^7 la an adverb, not, L. p. 69. "|^n elec, L. p. 35, To walk, considered in connection with G. p. 7. it is the third person singular masculine preter of a verb in Kal. n'i)^2 bozeth. In the counsel ; D a preposition, in, G. p. 21. L. p. 16. the root cannot be found under the three Xll PREFACE. remaining letters, G. p. 2. informs us of the radical and servile letters ; when we find that H may be servile, we are then sure that when the root is found, the two radical letters "ii^ must form a part of it, for no ra- dical letter except D, G. p. 2, can be servile : we also know from G. p. 5. L. p. 148. that r\ may be in regi- men for n feminine, this is then a root defective of one radical, and it has been already observed, that of this class there are eight possible varieties ; it will be found under the second form, |*p^ Counsel, m. but we know, G. p. 3. that a masculine noun becomes feminine if n be affixed, and being in regimen the H is changed in- to r\. This noun therefore is the ablative singular fe- minine, or contracted, f. in regimen of a substantive noun. D^'i^ti^"! reshoim, Of the-ungodly, is the genitive plural masculine of a substantive noun, )?6r") resho, the root easily found, L. p. 133. O !m, the plural mascu- line termination. G. p. 4. "^11^1 iibederec, And in the way : 1, the conjunction audi L. p. 37. D the preposi- tion in, already considered. 'JM derec, the root, L. p. 33. To tread, to trample upon ; c. a way : or that up- on which we tread or trample ; it is then the ablative singular common gender in regimen of a substantive noun. D^J^DH hetaim, Of sinners, is the genitive plural masculine of a substantive noun, the root » 1, is one of the Eamentic letters already considered, L. p. 55. G. p. 23. root ^^^\ eue. To be, or exist. L. p. 35. I'iian hepezu, His delight, is the nominative singular masculine of a substantive noun, L. p. 48. % His, in regimen. G. p. 7. L. p. 37. in'mn^T Libethurethu, And in his law; "1, and; D, in, &c. already considered. rUH"' lege, He will meditate, the XIV PREFACE. third person singular masculine future of a verb in Kal, G. p, 9. "^ i, the sign of the future, G. p. 21. L. p. 54. njn ege, To meditate, L. p. 34. CDD1'' mmem, is an adverb, Daily, R. CD^ im, A day ; L. p. 57. for final CD. L. p. 73. Thh"\ ulile, And night, is the nominative singular masculine of a substantive noun, R. H^"*? Ill, Night, L. p. 71. Verse 3d, tVTy\ ueie, And he has been ; 1, and, al- ready considered. n\1 eie, is the third person singular masculine preter of a verb in Kal, To be, or exist, L. p. 35. j^PD coz. As a tree ; D, As, a conjunction, or com- parative adverb, L. p. 61. fl? oz, L. p. 104. To fasten, is the nominative singular masculine of a substantive noun ; a tree, from its roots taking firm hold of the ground. Sin^' shethul, Planted, L. p. 147. is the participle in Poul, G. p. 1 1 . ^^ 61, Upon, a preposition, L. p. 101. ^^^^ pelegi, The divisions, is the accusative plural masculine in re- gimen of a substantive noun, L- p. 110. "> !, final, has been already considered. CD^O mim, Of waters, is the genitive plural masculine of a substantive noun, L. p. 77. The next vi^ord has been already considered. l^nS perlu, His fruit, is the accusative singular masculine of a substantive noun. 1 u, His, already considered. This root falls under the seventh form, the root mD pere, L. p. 113. jn*" ithen, Shall give, is the third person singular masculine future of a verb in Kal. *• i, initial, is the sign of the future, G. p. 21. L p. 54. This root falls under the third form, ]ni nethen, To give, L. p. 92. in;;:: bothu. In his time, is the ablative singular common gender of a substantive noun. D, in ; \ his, have been already con- sidered, ny oth, Time, c. L. p. 107. inS;;i uoleu. And PREFACE. XV his leaf, is the nominative singular masculine of a sub- stantive noun, R. nSr ole, To ascend, L. p. 102. a leaf, from its ascending in growing ; the other parts of the word have been considered. The next word already explained. Sin^ ibid, Shall wither, is the third person singular masculine future of a verb in Kal. "• I, initial, as the sign of the future, G. p. 21. L. p. 54. (for the in- serted 1, see Preface foot note;) this root falls under the seventh form. nSri bele, To grow old, L. p. 20. SdI ucel, And all, is the nominative singular masculine of an adjective standing for a noun ; 1 u, And, already considered ; S^ eel, falls under the seventh form, L. p. 64. To finish. The next word already explained. niiT loshe. He shall do, is the third person singular masculine future of a verb in Kal ; "^ i, is the sign of the future, G. p. 21. L. p. 54. root r^l!)) oshe, To perform any action, L. p. 107- r\hr^ izelih, He shall cause to prosper, is the third person singular masculine future of a verb in Hiphil ; *• i, as the sign of the future, G. p. 21. L. p. 54. "> 1, inserted before the last radical, one of the signs of the Hiphil form of the verb, G. p. 21. L. p. 55. rh'i zeleh, To prosper, the root, L. p. 1 17. Verse 4th, The first word already explained, p cen. So, an adverb, or conjunction, L. p. 63. For initial H of the next word, see the second of the first verse, also the seventh of the same. The two following words have been explained. fOD cemez, As chaff; D As, L. p. 61. \r:) mez, is the nominative singular masculine of a substan- tive noun, L. p. 77. The next word has been explained. liDin thedepenu. Shall drive it away, is the third person sincrular feminine future of a verb in Kal ; 12 nu, final, it, or him, G. p. 7. L. p. 83. n th, is the sign of the fe- XVI PREFACE. minine future, G. p. 22. L. p. 148. 3*7 dep, falls under the third form of the two-lettered roots. sD13 nedep, To drive away, L. p. 85. Both 1j nu, and '^^^? asher, are by pleonasm governed by the verb ; this figure often oc- curs in the Sacred Writings ; nay, our Translation some- times literally renders the original, Fsalm xxiii. 4. Thy rod and thy staff they comfort me. T]^1 ruh, is the no- minative singular common gender of a substantive noun, L. p. 128. breath, air, wind, spirit. This noun being com- mon o;ender allows the verb to take the feminine form. Verse 5th, The first three words already explained. lOpi ikemu. They shall stand, is the third person plural mascu- line future of a verb in Kal ; 'i i, initial, G- p. 21. L. p. 54. "Ju final, paragogic, G. p. 23. L. p. 37. this root falls under the fourth form. Dip kum, To stand, L. p. 121. The next word has been considered. DQi^'OD bemeshepet, In the judgment; D, In, already explained; f2, Eamen- tic, G. p. 22. L. p. 72. the root DGir shepet, L. p. 145. It is therefore the ablative singular masculine of a sub- stantive noun : to the next word we have already paid attention. m>*3 bodeth, In the assembly or testi- mony, is the ablative singular feminine in regimen of a substantive noun -. S, In, and H for n feminine in jro- vernment have been considered already, the root falls under the seventh form nTj? ode, L. p. 98. An assem- bly. a^pH'ii zedikim, Of the righteous, is the genitive plural masculine of a substantive noun ; CD'' im, the plural termination, G. p. 4. "> i, inserted, (see Preface foot note.) root pl^ zedek, L. p. 115. Verse 6th, First word already considered. ^IV ludo. Has known, is the third person singular masculine preter of a verb in Kal ; we are not ignorant that by some it is reckoned the PREFACE. XVU participle Benoni in Kal; 1 ii inserted, (see Preface foot note.) the root ^T ido, To know, L. p. 56. "TliNn thfibed, Shall perish, is the third person singular future feminine of a verb in Kal ; n the sign of the future, G. p. '22. L. p. 148. root IDJ^ abed, To perish, L. p. 2. The other words of the verse have been already con- sidered. In this Psalm there have occurred two instances of the feminine form of the verb dependent upon the gender of the nominative ; this shows the propriety of the Lexicon cjivins the gender of the nouns, &c. To any Student well acquainted with his native language, the Translation is so constructed that it may be to him as an artificial memory; as an evidence of it, we shall consider for a few examples, how far the Translation with the Grammar will assist in obtain ins; the same re- suits. We have said that ''ItT}^ asheri, is the vocative plural masculine in regimen of a substantive noun ; that it is the vocative of a substantive noun is evident from the Translation ; that it is plural is evident from the dash, as explained in the Key ; that it is masculine, is evident from the Kev, for it has neither the semicolon nor the colon after it; that it is in regimen, is manifest from the Key, for it has in the Version the preposition of^ after it not affected with the dash. li'\S*n eaish, is the genitive singular masculine of a substantive noun ; that it is the genitive singular, is evident from its connection with the preposition, of; that it is masculine, is evident from its not having the semicolon, nor the colon after it. "^tJ^K asher, is the nominative singular common gender of the relative pronoun ; that it is the nominative singular, is evident both from the verb to which it is the nomina- tive and the antecedent to which it \^ the relative ; that XVlll PREFACE. it is common gender, is evident from the colon after it. ^^'7 ]a, is an adverb, not, in the Translation it is the same. *]Sl elec, is the third person singular masculine preter of a verb in Kal ; the Translation compared with G. p. 7. declares the same, m'^'2 bozeth, is the ablative singular feminine in regimen of a substantive noun; that it is in the ablative singular, is evident from the Trans- lation ; that it is feminine, because it has the semicolon after it ; that it is in regimen, is evident from the pre- position, q/i not affected with the dash as already ex- plained, coming after it ; that it is deficient in its initial radical which is i i, is evident from the acute accent being placed above the Translation as explained in the Key. tD'^'^^'s reshoim, is the genitive plural masculine of a substantive noun ; that it is plural, is evident from the prefixed dash ; that it is in the genitive, is evident from the Translation ; that it is masculine, is evident from not having the semicolon, nor the colon after it. "'I'm^l ubederec, is the ablative singular common gender in regimen of a substantive noun ; that it is in the abla- tive singular, is evident from the Translation ; that it is common gender, appears from the colon which is placed after it ; that it is in regimen, is evident from the pre- position, of, not affected by the dash, being placed after it. Q"^NDn hetaim, is the genitive plural masculine of a substantive noun ; that it is in the genitive plural, is evident from the Translation ; and that it is masculine, is evident from not having the colon, nor the semicolon after it; the next word has already been considered. *70j; omed, is the third person singular masculine preter of a verb in Kal ; the Translation compared with the G. p. 7. proves this. DS^^tD^DI ubemesheb, is the ablative PREFACE. ' XIX singular masculine of a substantive noun in regimen ; that it is in the ablative, is evident from the preposition, in ; that it is singular, the Translation asserts ; that it is in regimen, the preposition, of, not affected with the dash, testifies ; that it is masculine, is evident from not having the colon, nor the semicolon after it ; that it is de- ficient of one of its radicals, is evident from the accent used in the Translation. tO'^'ib lezim, is the genitive plural masculine of a substantive noun, the preposition, of, before shows it to be in the genitive, and the Trans- lation informs us that it is plural ; that it is masculine, from not having the semicolon, nor the colon after it ; that it is defective in its middle radical, is evident from the circumflex accent employed ; the next word has been considered, ^t^"^ Isheb, is the third person singular preter masculine of a verb in Kal, this is evident from G. p. 7. compared with the Translation. This analysis, we apprehend, should not be carried any farther. The student will perceive that in the Grammar we have quoted from the EDEA HTEPOENTA of Mr. John Horne Tooke ; if that admirable Philologist had been as well acquainted with the eastern languages as he was with the northern, he would have been able to have carried his valuable inquiries still farther. In the Grammar, page 26. we observe that beneath is com- pounded of be and neath, and that neath is the positive degree of an adjective of which the comparative nether or lower, is still in use, as the nether-millstone ; under, that is, on-neder, being the Dutch for below ; the Hebrew informs us that the true root of neath is nn^ neheth, To descend ; and if necessary this root might be traced through all the eastern languages, and thence to the XX PREFACE. northern, where Mr. Houne Tooke found it. In page 24th of the Grammar, we have observed that not, no, mean averse, unwilling; the true source of this adverb is the Hebrew >i: na, To fail, and there is not, perhaps, a language in the known world into which as a negative it is not to be found. We are of opinion that the true source of etymology is to be found in the eastern lan- guages, of which the Hebrew is the parent, and to which they can still in many instances be traced ; this study is of the greatest importance, for though Philology by its original import at first only denoted the knowledge of language, yet it soon acquired a more extensive, a more exalted signification. Without the aid of Philology it is scarcely possible to unfold the origin of nations, to trace their first frame and constitution, to understand their cus- toms, manners, religion, laws, language, government; their progress in the arts of peace or war, or to know by what means they have arisen to grandeur and importance. The study of history so necessary to every rank, will be very deficient without the aid of Philology. To the stu- dent of divinity this science is of very great importance, it enables him to take just and enlarged views of the Sacred Writings, which, when blessed to his soul by the influences of the Holy Spirit, are able to make him wise unto salvation, through faith which is in Christ Jesus. Our heart's desire and prayer is, that the bless- ing of God, and the influence of his Holy Spirit, may accompany this work, and that it may please Him to cause it to redound to His glory, and to the edification of those who peruse it, to their growth in grace, and in the knowledge of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. Amen, and Amen. AN OUTLINE OF HEBREW GRAMMAR. Of the Letters and manner of Reading, ALPHABET. POWER. FORM. NAME. FINAL. SIMILAR. SOUND. 1 N* Aleph a, as in all 2 :: Beth 3 b 3 :i Gimel 3 g, as in give 4 1 Daleth -\ d 5 n He n e, as in men 6 I Vau •» u, as in you 7 r Zain 1 z 8 n Heth n h 9 D Teth t 10 1 Jod T i, as m field 20 ? Caph 1500 D c, as in come 30 S Lamed 1 1 40 Mem CD D 600 D m 50 3 Nun ?700 :i n 60 D Samech 1 D s 70 ;^ Oin "i, o 80 £3 Pe ^1800 P 90 :i Tzade r 900 V tz 100 p Koph 1 k 200 1 Resh T r 300 ti^ Shin sh 400 n Thau th 2 AN OUTLINE OF This sacred language is read from right to left. 1 ^ TI K are vowels, the rest consonants. In reading He- brew these vowels are sounded long. When a vowel is supplied in reading it may be e sounded short, as i>s")^ Bera, he has created. The following vowels *> 1 n J^ called Ehevi, for the sake of memory, are employed often for each other, as niti becomes ''"IS Fruit. The letters may be divided into the following classes. Gutturals, ;; n H N Labials, f] ^ 1 3 Palatials, p D ."^ J Linguals, r\ 2 b D 1 Dentals, t:^ 1 ^ D T Those of the same order are sometimes employed for each other, as nOJ for ^ are sounded \ ik, ig, ih. i, r, 5, 6,) ^it, id, itli. HEBREW GRAMMAR. 3 ancient or modern. The following letters denominated Eamentic, "^ n 3 O t< !! are employed as prefixes, or sometimes affixes, in forming nouns from verbs. nnni< Aevineth are called paragogic, 'Tra^a^yaytKog or additional, being found generally as affixes where they seem only annexed for the sake of sound, but in reality they supply the place of adverbs, of which, perhaps, they are ab- breviations; they increase the primitive meaning of the root to which they are postfixed. As in this language a word is never so divided that one part of it appears in one line and another in the next; they therefore enlarge some of their letters to fill up the blank space. D n ^ n t< are used then in an extended form, and are then called dilated or extended letters. Parts of Speech. ARTICLE. There is no part of the Hebrew that corresponds exactly to the common use of the articles, whether de- finite or indefinite; the onlv word in this lanojuage which approaches to this part of speech is n this is then a con- traction of n*in the being, or the existence, and corres- ponds to the definite article in its emphatic use, as tT'iKH The man, or {hat man. * NOUN. Nouns have three genders, two numbers, and six cases. Nouns ending in H * or H are generally feminine, as nt^^TN Earth. All other nouns are generally mascu- * n affixed to nouns is a contraction of the pronoun ^<^^ He, she, or it, com- mon gender. This accounts for some nouns ending in rm being masculine, as 3i{« A conjurer; r-\i3ix Conjurers. The reason seems to be the n in the root r-lDN is not strictly radical, in the plural it is changed into n tliat ^ is pre- fixed. This 1 is without doubt the remains of a pronoun third person plural 4 AN OUTLINE OF line, as CJ*TJ< A man; sometimes common, as DMi A mark. Masculine nouns generally form their plural in D or Qi as lID"^i3JiK Wings, ^^H A wing. Feminine nouns generally form their plural in ni as nof^ A young woman, mriQN Young women. CAS^S. Singular. A man, or the man. of a man, or the man. for, or to the man. the man. O the man. from the man. Nom. tr^N Gen. ir\s* Dat. tr\s*S Ace. D'wnN* Voc. D'wn 1 Abl. T Nom. i Gen. Q^tr^'X Dat. CD-^^-^iib Ace. o^c^'^NnN* Voc. a^{:^\s*n Abl. nz)*'ty\s*o Plural. men, or the men. of men, or of the men. for men, or for the men. the men. O men, or O the men. from men, or from the men. When two nouns come together they are said to be in common gender; this accounts for nouns in .— ii being both masculine and fe- minine. That this conjecture is not without foundation, will appear evident from a proper consideration of the following passages in the original, in which it signifies, their or them. Exodus xxiii. 23. Deuteronomy iv. 37- vii. 10- xxi. 10. Joshua ii. 4. Psalm xlvi. 4. Isaiah v. 26. It appears to be the latter part of nnn They, where l is employed for n, being one of the ehevi letters. Some nouns ending in O' are feminine, as C^m Wives. dJ' is a contraction of the pronoun of the third person plural, rinn They, generally masculine, but sometimes feminine, the n being changed into \ Some masculine nouns form their plural in y as 'K An island, VK Islands. This termination is the contracted form of van the third person plural masculine of the Chaldaic pro- noun, they. We are aware that these are denominated Chaldaic forms, it is true they are so, but it is also true, that they are taken from the Hebrew into HEBREW GRAMMAR. O government or regimen, the first is the governing word, the second is governed in the genitive. The first if singular and feminine ending in H changes that letter generally into n, as n-^};^ Counsel, O^i^n n^^^'' The counsel of the wicked. The masculine plural loses the final CD when it is the governing word, as ti^'^KH "HwK O the blessednesses of the man; these changes of- tentimes take place when the nouns, &c. are not in re- gimen, evidently for the sake of a more pleasant sound, as "113 ^Din The persons trusting in him. Psalm ii. 12. (See Wilson's Grammar, page 133.) ADJECTIVE. Adjectives in the positive degree are similar to nouns. The comparative is formed by prefixing to the word, for which the preference is given, the letter O, from nDD To distribute, as CZJ^DDO Sons. :21D Good ; D literally be- fore, good before sons, that is, better than sons. The superlative arises from prefixing TN*^ Very, to the positive, as TN*D DID Very good. It is also formed by prefixing 1 the noun, as Q'^t^JD DIDH The best among women. It is klso formed by repeating the positive, as i^l yi Evil, evil, that is, very bad ; the superlative is also formed by the Syriac or Chaldaic, for the Hebrew noun njn The collective presence of objects, is the true root. In fact we may safely assert that the Hebrew is the parent of every language whether ancient or modern. Psalm v. 13. will be foimd an instance where the feminine noun in regimen does not change the final n into r\, thus r\)i-\ mW3 As with a shield of good wiU, and Mr. Mudge is of opinion that there are many instances of this. (See Bishop Horsley's Translation with Notes.) We have omitted '"71^ as a sign of the genitive, for there is not an instance in the whole Bible of it ; we know that the Rabbies use it as such, but their authority on this subject must yield to the Scriptures, it is to be found Cant, viii. 12. but in that passage it is not the sign of the genitive, but a relative joined with the dative pronoun ^bv When, rendered literally is, which for me, that is u Which, from T^x Which, h which is the sign of the dative, is the contracted form of Hk signifying, To, or for. ■> Me, from 'JS I, the pronoun. 6 AN OUTLINE OF using two adjectives with a conjunction between them, as |V2k\1 "^2^ Poor and needy, that is, exceedingly poor; hkewise by repeating the noun, as CD^Ot^'n \'::ir The hea- ven of heavens, or the highest heavens. It also arises from prefixing the pronoun H that, or the emphatic, as ^njin •]StDn The great king, or the greatest king. It is also formed by prefixing K to the positive, as D?DN A very great liar. (See Robertson's Grammar, page 69.) PRONOUN.* Pronouns are personal, demonstrative, relative and interrogative. The pronoun of the first person, com- mon gender, singular, Nom. •'3^< ""D^N I ; the rest of the cases "> or ^^ with the proper sign prefixed as in nouns, from i~]}ii The occurrence or presence of an object. ''D^N from n3i< and nO Here or present. Plural, Nom. 1JN* ^:r^: i:in:K We, the other cases ^: &c. from n^i^ and pi to increase. The pronoun of the second person masculine singular, Nom. nHK Thou, other cases "] &c. Plural, Nom. CDlMi You, the other cases DD &c. The pronoun of the second person feminine singular, Nom. nii ^r\i^ Thou, other cases ^ &c. Plural, Nom. \r\ii n^nii You, other cases p &c. The pronoun of the third person masculine singular, Nom. XIN He, other cases 1 or i:i &c. Plural, Nom. CDH nDH they, other cases on or ID &c. The pronoun of the third person femin- ine singular, Nom. ?<^'^ She, other cases H or Hi &c. Plural, Nom. JH nJil They, other cases [H &c. The sign of the accusative r~\X is a word signifying the very, pointing em- phatically to the word to which it is prefixed^ when this particle is used be- fore a pronoun, i is generally inserted, n of the vocative is not always employ- ed. "O is the sign of the ablative, doubled for the most part before a pronoun, which is a contraction of ro from riJO To distribute. * It is of great importance that the student should have an intimate ac- quaintance with the personal pronouns, for such is the genius of all the eastern languages, that each person of the various tenses, the third person singular masculine being excepted, is formed with the respective personal pronoun more or less contracted, either as a prefix, or an affix. The HEBREW GRAMMAR. ' Demonstrative. Singular, Masculine n? nh nhn This. Feminine nr ir n^r ItSh This. Common J? ?Sn This. H That, or the. Plural, Common Sk SkH hSn* These, those. Relative. Common, Singular and Plural "lt!^K Who, which, that, Interrogative. •"O Who? nf2 What? n Who? or which? For a more particular account of the pronouns see Lexicon. Of Verbs.* The regular Verb, lps3 To visit. In Kal, or first conjugation. INDICATIVE MOOD. Preter, or past Tense. Singular. 1. "^n^TpD I visited, or have visited, or did visit. C. 2- nipt} Thou didst visit, or hast visited, or visitedst. C. 3. *Tp3 He visited, or has visited, or did visit. M. 3. mpD She visited, or has visited, or did visit. F. abbreviated pronouns used as affixes, are '' or ^: I, or mine. 1J Us, or ours, "j or no Thou, or thine, masculine. O Thou, or thine, feminine. 1' the same CDJ Ye, or yours, masculine, p or riJD Ye, or yours, feminine. l or in His, him. in: or i: the same, n or r— u Her. ^■a or in' Them, their, masculine, on the same. • or in ,Them, their, feminine. When a possessive pronoun and sub- stantive come together in the English language, the pronoun is first, as my book ; they are also reckoned separate words, but such is the idiom of the Hebrew that they are accounted as one word, and the order is inverted, as "•ISO Book my, as it were. The contracted pronouns arc also used as affixes to verbs almost in the same way as to novms. * All verbs have one form, so that it might be asserted that thei-e is but one 8 AN OUTLINE OF Plural. 1. inp5 We visited, or have visited, or did visit. C. 2. DmpD Ye visited, or have visited, or did visit. M. 2, jmpS Ye visited, or have visited, or did visit. P. 3. npt3 Thej visited, or have visited, or did visit. M. coiij Ligation in Hebrew, whatever changes take place the root remains^ or should remain unaltered. (See Preface foot note.) '~?J73 being the word selected for the model of the verb in the days of old, all the terms now technically in use are derived from it. '~?j;3 is the pure root not burdened with any servile, it is tlierefore called Kal, that is, levis, light. This therefore is the name for the active voice of what is commonly called the first conjugation. If 3 be pre- fixed to Wys we have *— jjjsj or as it is pronounced with the Massoretic points, being the name given to the points which are used by many in reading He- brew, Niphal, this gives tlie name to the passive voice of Kal. If n be pre- fixed to H>J73 and ' inserted before the last radical, and sounded according to the Massorah, we have Hiphil the name of the active voice of the second con- jugation. If this ' be taken out and the Massoretic points changed, we have Hophal, the name for the passive voice of the second conjugation. If mn be prefixed to *-7i73 and Massoretically pronounced, we have Hithpael, the name for the third conjugation which is both active and passive. The first conjuga- tion is simply active or passive, as np3 He did visit, or has visited, nps: He was or has been visited. The a characteristic of Niphal seems to be a con- traction of nu To be established. The second conjugation signifies to cause, or make any thing to do, or to be done, as T'pan He did cause, or has caused to visit ; the '» inserted before the last radical seems to be a corruption arising from the influence of the points, (see Preface foot note.) the n prefixed whether to nouns or verbs seems to be a contraction of ^»S1^ Permanent existence. ipsn He did cause to be visited, or has caused to be visited. The thu-d con- iugation is both active and passive, as ipann He did visit, or has visited him- self. r-\n which is prefixed to this conjugation, is perhaps a contraction of -nnn To hasten. The Moods are three, the Indicative, the Imperative, and the Infinitive. The tenses are three, the Past, Future, and Present. The numbers are two, the Singular, and the Plural. The persons are three. First, Second and Third. The genders are three. Masculine, Feminine and Common. Iidicative mood, preter tense, first person singular, the sign of which is ^n the latter part of the pronoun ^nK I, postfixed to the root. Second person singu- la!, of which the sign is n the latter part of the pronoun riK thou, postfixed. HEBREW GRAMMAR. ^9 Future tense. Singular. 1. ■rp5^? I shall, or will visit. C. 2. "TpDn Thou shalt, or wilt visit. M. 2. npan Thou shalt, or wilt visit. F. 3. "rpD*" He shall, or will visit. M. 3. *7pDn She shall, or will visit. F. Plural. 1. fpfii We shall, or will visit. C. 2. npQn Ye shall, or will visit. M. 2. nnpfin Ye shall, or will visit. F. 3. npS"' They shall, or will visit. M. 3. nnpDn They shall, or will visit. F. third person singular masculine is the root itself, in Kal, or burdened with no letters. The third person singular feminine, of which the sign is n the former part of the pronoun f>j''n She, postfixed. The first person plural, of which the sign is i: the latter part of the pronoun i:k We, postfixed. Second person plural masculine, of which the sign is cn the latter part of the pronoun crrX Ye, postfixed. Second person plural feminine, of which the sign is in the lat- ter part of the pronoun »r« Ye, feminine postfixed. The third person plural, of which the sign is i the latter part of the pronoun in They, postfixed. Future tense. The first person singular, of which the sign is « the former part of the pronoun ':s prefixed. The second person singular masculine, of which the sign is n the middle part of the pronoun rnns Thou, prefixed. The second person singular feminine, of which the signs are n prefixed, and ^ postfixed, which are the latter part of the pronoun 'ns Thou. The third per- son singular masculine, of which the sign is ' the middle part of the pronoun ^^'^ He, prefixed. (See Robertson's Grammar, p. 80.) The third person singu- lar feminine, of which the sign is n the latter part of the pronoun r~\W (see Leusden's Grammar, p. 44.) She, or this, femmine prefixed. The fii-st person plural, of which the sign is : the middle part of the pronoun ijx We, prefixed. The second person plural masculine, of which the signs are ,n prefixed, and l postfixed, the middle parts of the pronoun (see Robertson's Lexicon, p. 42.) iirJK Chald. You, common gender. Second person plural feminine, of which the signs are n prefixed, and nj postfixed, the latter part of the j ronoun n:nK Ye, feminine. B 10 AN OUTLINE OF Imperative. Singular. Plural. 2. Ipti Visit thou. M. 2. npD Visit ye. M. 2. >lp5 Visit thou. F. 2. nnp^D Visit ye. F. Infinitive. Present tense, llptD *Tpd To visit. Third person plural masculine of which the signs are ' prefixed, and i postfixed, which appear to be ' the former part of the pi-onoun a' and i postfixed, the latter part of the Chaldaic I7:n Them, (see Pavkhurst's Lexicon, 4to, p. 182.) Third person plural feminine, of which the signs are n the former part taken for n prefixed, and r~\i the latter part of the pronoun r-ijn They, feminine. This is the construction oi' the two tenses of the indicative mood, while the imperative mood is nothing but a part of the future contracted, taking the se- cond person singular and plural masculine and feminine, and casting away the prefix ri, and we know that the sense of the imperative is future, expressed with brevity, as thou shalt visit, is the same with visit thou. The infinitive mood is generally the simple root, and denotes the meaning of the verb in its most general form ; Benoni, or the term employed to denote the participle ac- tive, signifies in the middle, that is, because expressive of the present time which is between the past and the future. Poul, the term used to express the participle of the past tense is taken from that part of the verb in the old para- digma ^^D In the future tense, and in the imperative and infinitive moods, through the corruptibn of the points a i is often found inserted between the second and third radical. The personal affixes, throughout all the conjuga- tions, are added, and the participle declined as in Kal. In Niphal the o is prefixed to the preter alone, and to the participle, but n to the imperative and infinitive. In Hiphil, Hophal, and Hithpael, after another servile, the forma- tive n is always dropped, also throughout the future, and to the participle of each 7D is prefixed. Hophal is the same as Hiphil the formative ■> being left out, as it also frequently is in Hithpael. In the Hithpael of verbs beginning with cr or D, n is transposed, as nani:/n for nncfrn and those with v. n is like- wise converted into c as piai'J for pn^fnJ. IlEBUEW GRAMMAR. 11 Participle active, or Benoni. Singular, Plural, TpliD Visiting. M. onplfl Visiting. M. niplsD Visiting. F. nnplsD Visiting. F. Participle passive, or Poul. Singular, Plural. nipsD Visited. M. amps Visited. M. mipD Visited. F. nnipfl Visited. F. NiPHAL. Preter tense. Singular. 1. *'mp53 I have been, or was visited. C 2. mp53 Thou -wast, or hast been visited. C, 3. lpS3 He was, or has been visited. M. 3. mpD3 She was, or has been visited. F. Plural, 1. inpfiD We were, or have been visited. C. 2. On'TpDi Ye were, or have been visited. M. 2. jrnp03 Ye were, or have been visited. F. 3. np5!l They were, or have been visited. C. Future tense. Singular. 1. IptDN* I shall, or will be visited. C. 2. Ipan Thou shalt, or wilt be visited. M. 2. np3n Thou shalt, or wilt be visited. F. 3. Tpa*' He shall, or will be visited. M. 3. Ipi^r^ She shall, or will be visited. F. IS AN OUTLINE OF Plural. 1. npa^ We shall, or will be visited. C. 2. npSn Ye shall, or will be visited. M. 2. nnpDn Ye shall, or will be visited. F. 3. npQ'' They shall, or will be visited. M. 3. nnpDH They shall, or will be visited. F. Imperative. Singular. 2. l\>t^r\ Be thou visited. M. 2. np&n Be thou visited. F. Plural. 2. r]\^tir^ Be you visited. M. 2. nnptDH Be you visited, F. Infinitive. "Tpin To be visited. Participle. Benoni. Singular. Plural. Ipfl^ Visited. M. CDnpQ3 Visited M. n or nips}3 Visited. F. nnpt33 Visited. F. HiPHIL. Preter tense. Singular. 1. '>ri'7p5n I did, or have caused to visit. C 2. rripSn Thou didst, or hast caused to visit. C 3. ^"^p^T^ He did, or has caused to visit. M. 3. nTpiDH She did, or has caused to visit. F. HEBREW GRAMMAR. 13 Plural. 1. inpan We did, or have caused to visit. C 2. CDmpQn You did, or have caused to visit. M. 2. jrnpfin You did, or have caused to visit. F. 3. I'T'piDn Thej did, or have caused to visit. C. Future tense. Singular. 1. *7"'p5}< I shall, or will cause to visit. C. 2. 1"^p^r\ Thou shalt, or wilt cause to visit. M. 2. H'^pQn Thou shalt, or wilt cause to visit. F. 3. 'T'pD'' He shall, or will cause to visit. M. 3. ^"'pDn She shall, or will cause to visit. F. Plural. 1. I'^pi^ We shall, or will cause to visit. C. 2. n'^pfin Ye shall, or will cause to visit. M. 2. nn'^pfin Ye shall, or will cause to visit. F. 3. yi^'p^'^ They shall, or will cause to visit. M. 3. nn"^p3n They shall, or will cause to visit. F. Imperative. Singular* 2. n^pDH Cause thou to visit. M. 2. n^pan Cause thou to visit. F. Plural. 2. n^'pfin Cause you to visit. M. 2. nn'ipfin Cause you to visit. F. Infinitive. *7^p5n To cause to visit. Participle. Benoni. Singular. *T*>pfi^ Causing to visit. M. n or (TT^psDO Causing to visit. F. 14 AN OUTLINE OF Plural. CfipGO Causing to visit. M. nn^flO Causing to visit. F. HOPHAL. Preter tense. Singular. J . ''mpSn I was, or have been caused to visit. C. % mpsn Thou wast, or hast been caused to visit. C. 3. TpiDn He was, or has been caused to visit. M. 3. T~n\)^T\ She was, or has been caused to visit. F. Plural. 1. inptDH We were, or have been caused to visit. C. 2. Dnipfin Ye were, or have been caused to visit. M. 2. jmpDn Ye were, or have been caused to visit. F. 3. npQn They were, or have been caused to visit. C. Future tense. Singular. 1. 1p5N I shall, or will be caused to visit. C. 2. *7pSr\ Thou shalt, or wilt be caused to visit. M. 2. npSn Thou shalt, or wilt be caused to visit. F. 3. ipD** He shall, or will be caused to visit. M. 3. *7pDn She shall, or will be caused to visit. F. Plural. 1. "Tpi33 We shall, or will be caused to visit. C. 2. nptDH Ye shall, or will be caused to visit. M. 2. nnpQn Ye shall, or will be caused to visit. F. 3. npt3^ They shall, or will be caused to visit. M. 3. nnpfln They shall, or will be caused to visit. F. Hath no Imperative. HEBllEW GRAMMAR. 15 Infinitive. *Tp3n To be caused to visit. Participle. Benoni. Singular. npsrj Caused to visit. M. n or tllp^D Caused to visit. F. Plural. Q^lpDD Caused to visit. M. nnpSO Caused to visit. F. HiTHPAEL. Preter tense. S'mgular. 1. TilpGnn I did visit, or have visited mjself. C. 2. mpsnn Thou didst visit, or hast visited thyself. C. 3. "rpl^nn He did visit, or has visited himself. M. 3. n^TpDnn She did visit, or has visited herself. F. Plural, 1. inptDHH We did visit, or have visited ourselves. C. 2. ompann Ye did visit, or have visited yourselves. M. 2. [mp^nn Ye did visit, or have visited yourselves. F. 3. np^nn They did visit, or have visited them- selves. C. Future tense, Singular, 1. *7p3nN I shall, or v^ill visit myself. C. 2. IpQnn Thou shalt, or wilt visit thyself M. 2. npDnn Thou shalt, or wilt visit thyself F. 3. *7psDni He shall, or will visit himself M. 3. Tpflnn She shall, or will visit herself. F. 16 AN OUTLINE OF Plural. 1. "Tpfin^ We shall, or will visit ourselves. C. 2. npSnn Ye shall, or will visit yourselves. M. 2. r~inpt3nr\ Ye shall, or will visit yourselves. F. 3. npsr^*^ They shall, or will visit themselves. M. 3. nnptjnn They shall, or will visit themselves. F. Imperative. Singular. 2. Tpfinn Be thou visiting thyself. M. 2. npfinn Be thou visiting thyself. F. Plural. 2. npfinn Be you visiting yourselves. M. 2. nnpDnn Be you visiting yourselves. F. Infinitive. *7pDnn To visit one's self. Participle. Benoni. Singular. npfino Visiting one's self. M. n or mpDHO Visiting one's self. F. PluraL nnpsDno Visiting themselves. M. nnp^no Visiting themselves. F. Observations concerning the Regular Verb. The first person singular preter sometimes omits the final \ In Kal 1 is frequently inserted after the second radical of the future and imperative. In the participle Benoni in Kal, the 1 is often, and in the participle Foul, sometimes, omitted. In the third person future mascu- HEBREW GRAMMAR. 17 line plural of verbs, J paragogic, is frequently affixed, the 1 is sometimes left out, and | only retained ; this happens more rarely in the second person future mas- culine plural. The H final, is often dropt in the tliird person future feminine plural, sometimes in the second person future feminine plural. In the imperative, se- cond person plural feminine, the final H is sometimes omitted. The characteristic "^ in Iliphil, is employed only in three examples of the preter, and even in these it is frequently omitted. When the third person preter feminine of any conjugation is followed by a pronoun suffix, the n is changed into H. The second person plural masculine sometimes omits its D before a pro- noun suffix, also the third person plural preter and fu- ture, likewise the second person plural future. Irregular Verbs, These are of two classes, defective, and reduplicate ; defective verbs are those that leave out one or more of their radicals, from the old model H'pQ if the first radi- cal be omitted, it is said to be defective in 5 ; if the se- cond be left out, defective in ^. and if the third radical be defective, it is said to be in 7. Defective verbs that drop their first radical, are for the most part those that begin with *> or 3. 3ir^ To dwell. Hithpael. Hophal. Hiphil. Niphal. Kal. at^Tin Dt:nn y^mr\ dlti: y^^ Preter. ::tri'' ym^ '2^r^ nc'"^ Future. D^t:'rn Dtrin rjtrin D^t:^in Dirin r\1U Infinitive. Dno ymr2 nt:n: nn^ Ben on i. ::^w^ Foul. 18 • AN OUTLINE OF Verbs leaving out •< as their first radical, often drop it in the future, imperative and infinitive of Kal, to which last they affix H, and in Niphal and Hiphil they change their "^ into 1. The leading word of each tense, mood, &c. is only given, whence the other parts are formed regularly, as in TpG. These three verbs, n"T> ^^Ti HD*" in Hithpael change their *> into 1, "npb To take, is in Kal formed like yzf\ Verbs defective of 3, the first radical, drop it in the future, imperative and infinitive of Kal, to which they also affix H in the preter of Niphal, and throughout Hiphil and Hophal. An example of a Verb Defective of 3 the first Badicaly commonly called Defective 3 3. 1p^ To ponr. Hithpael. Hophal. Hiphil. Niphal. Kal. -jD^nn "IDH ^^DH ^Di -|D3 Preter. T' -J^D^ ^Dr ip^ Future. "I^DH -|D3n' "^D Imperative. "|Dn ^DH ipir\ riDD Infinitive. "jDO 'yr^r2 ip^ "|D"13 Benoni. "jid: Foul. Verbs with n for their last radical often drop it, or change it into \ and generally form the infinitive by changing PI into m. Verbs are doubly defective when ^ or 3 is the first radical, and H the last ; the middle radi- cal sometimes only remains ; JH] To give, is included in this observation. N*, 3 and H, radicals are often, before the same letters as serviles, dropt ; when the third ra- dical is the second repeated, it is frequently dropped, or instead of it a 1 is inserted, verbs of this class have in Hophal a 1 inserted just before its first radical. HEBREW GRAMMAR. IS^ Example of a Defective Verb of tito Radicals, or ai:^' To place. Hophal. Hiphil. Niphal. Kal. Qtrin CD''t:^n mco dc^ Preter. CD\:;'\'^ rz)^ir"^ nDii^'*^ ar^"^ Future. O'^S^'H CDIC'n tDVi^* Imperative. CD;:nn a^c^'n rDVcn cjr^ Infinitive. CDuno rz3'':ro aii:o tzj'i;:^ Benoni. dil:^ Poul. Verbs of this form oftentimes in Kal, and sometimes in Niphal, leave out the 1 before the last radical. Of the tliird class of verbs, or those which drop their third ra- dical, are the verbs ending in H. Example of a Verb, the last Radical, H bei}ig left out nb^ To reveal. Hithpael. Hophal. Hiphil. Niphal. Kal. nS:inn rhyr\ rbyn nS:i3 n>S; rinS:i rp:\ Pret. nSjin"* nS^^ rby-^ n^r S;^ nh^> Fut. nS^nn . nh:\r\ n^:^n F. p:^ nha Imp. r-nS:inn n'b^ir^ n^b^r^ m^:in . 17:1 rpy npy Inf. rh}r\D rh.v2 nSji^ n?;^ F. n^u nSu Ben. >m Poul. From these models of the verb it is evident that it has but three moods, the Indicative, the Imperative, and the Infinitive. The Indicative has only two tenses, " the simplicity," as Mr. Pike well observes, " mani- fested in this is w^onderful." How complex, on the tenses, the Greek and Latin verbs are, the student knows well. This simplicity in the Hebrew is greater than at first we would reckon proper; three tenses at least appearing absolutely necessary to express our ideas, \iz. the present, the past, and the future. How then shall we defend the Sacred Language in this par- ^ AN OUTLINE OF ticular: In this language it is taken for granted that the reader is acquainted with the general scope of what is under his consideration, whether it relate to things past, present or future, whether it be a general precept, or a particular injunction, &c. so that there is no necessity to distinguish the one from the other by the tenses. Accordingly when in Hebrew, we are reading history, we must translate the future as well as preter tense, as relating to things past, and in prophecy we must use both of these tenses as if speaking of things to come. If we then consider language in this natural and easy light, we shall perceive that there is no occasion for any more than two tenses, and if in reading this sacred language, we reckon ourselves as if present when the events referred to in prophecy or history pass, we shall perceive the meaning, propriety, and use of the two tenses. It is in the Hebrew, as it is in most other lan- guages, that a word may be considered both as a noun, and°as a verb, thus, in English the word love may be either a noun or a verb, according to the manner of its connection with the preceding and following words. In Hebrew, primitive words, also called roots, are such as express any radical, or natural idea or action, and may be of ahiiost any part of speech; it is a remarkable circumstance and a strong proof that the Hebrew is a primitive language, that each of its roots seems to have had originally neither more nor less than three letters. Hence it may be inferred that when a Hebrew word presents itself of less than three letters, time, or other changes have caused some of its original letters to be left out ; if the word presented have more than three letters, if not a compound word, one of three things takes place, either the root has some branches on the right or left, or both, or some letter through the cor- rifption of the Massorah, inserted, as 1 or "^ among the radicals. Those letters on the right are called prefixes ; in the middle, inserted; on the left, affixes, or postfixes. Concerning these letters as serviles in general, it may HEBREW GRAMMAR. 21 be observed that N as a prefix, is sometimes the sign of a noun, but more frequently the sign of the first per- son future of a verb. 3, as a prefix, is a preposition, in, to, towards, &c. (See Lexicon.) 11, prefixed, marks the conjugation Hiphil, or Hophal, is emphatical, they this, tJiat^ is vocative, or pathetic, expresses a question or doubt. Postfixed, is the sign of a feminine noun, denotes the third person singular feminine preter of verbs. To a verb, or noun, her, sometimes, his, to or towards, of place or time. 1 prefixed, a connective par- ticle, and, &c. (see Lexicon.) inserted after the first ra- dical, it denotes the participle of the present tense ac- tive, also nouns in which action is implied ; inserted after the second radical it denotes an action past, also nouns in which such action is implied. Postfixed to a noun, it signifies, his ; to a verb, him, sometimes, their, or them, also the third, or in the imperative, the second person plural of verbs, also forms some nouns. "^ pre- fixed to the third persons masculine future of all verbs, forms some appellative nouns, inserted, forms many nouns, after the first radical it denotes the effect or consequence of the participle active of the verb, after the second radical, the consequence of the participle passive, also before the last radical, it denotes the Hiphil conjugation. Postfixed, it denotes a national name, the ordinal numbers, the second person feminine future and imperative, and sometimes the second per- son feminine preter, is the sign of the masculine })lural in regimen, is formative in some nouns, both substan- tive and adjective, to a noun, my; to a verb, me. D prefixed, a particle of similitude, like, as, &c. Postfixed to a noun, thy; to a verb, thee, b, prefixed, only, to, for, &c. (See Lexicon.) t2 prefixed, a particle, from, &c. (see Lexicon.) denotes the participle of Hiphil and Ho- phal, and with H added, of Hithpael, forms many nouns signifying the instrument, mean, or place of action. Postfixed to a noun, their; to a verb, them; forms some adverbs. 3 prefixed, forms the preter and participle of 22 AN OUTLINE OF Niphal, the first person plural future of all verbs, some appellative nouns. Postfixed, their, them, feminine, forms many nouns. U prefixed only, denotes the re- lative, who, which ; the particle, that, because. H pre- fixed, denotes a noun; to the second person future of both numbers and genders, and to the third person future feminine, singular and plural. Postfixed, the second person preter singular of all verbs ; in regimen for n feminine, forms many nouns feminine, for ex- amples see Lexicon, under each particular, also see Parkhurst's Grammar, section 9th. RULE. To find the root, reject the Eamentic letters, '' n 3 /t2 ^J n, the affixes, and letters acquired in forming. If less than three letters remain, add "i or i to the be- ginning, or insert 1 or ^ in the middle, or double the second letter, or add H or K to the end.. There is one instance where the student must add ^ to the begin- ning, np7 To take, which is often found without ^ ; or from the improved plan of the Lexicon, the follow- ing short rule will be sufficient. Reject all affixes and letters acquired in forming, and under the three, or two remaininr^C Then. ^HN* "nni^^ After. 123 A long while ago. Iir As yet. p""FI^ As far as. p'nnN After these things. p2 Hence, at length. CDlSn Hither. Of Demonstration, xn pn 'nin Lo ! Of Interrogation, n Whether? CDK If? whether? CDNH Whether indeed ? ^^H -j"^J< In what manner ? riD^K What for thee? )nDD\^ In what manner for thee? no How? O How? What? rno Wherefore? HoS For why? n03 How often ? How many ? Of Affirmation, nn^ Eacan To add. Yet > Get tu Getan To get. Still 9J Stell Stellan To put. Else - 2 -f t— 1 Ales 0) Alesan To diminish. Though Thafig V JO, J m Thafigan^ or a> or ^ or V To allow. Tho' Thaf _;-< Thafian J But < BOT — Botan To boot, to superadd. But Be-utan Beon-utan To be out. Without Wyrth-utan Wvrthan-utan To be out. And An-ad Anan-ad Dare congeriem. Lest is the participle lesed of lesan, to dismiss. Siththan' Svne Since - Seand-es Siththe - is the participle of Seon, to see. s N-ES 28 AN OUTLINE OF P'ih Not so. TJ* But. pN* Nevertheless. *iTf2y Al- though. CDN*-^D For since. ^jSi ^h^ Although. £Z)SliV Nevertheless. "^D For. CD^< If. tDH xS If not. 'hii If t!} 5>^3K ^<5 lS I pray! I beseech ! n^^^< "^M^ ^V i^^ Woe ! HN* nn nnn Ah ! Alas ! hli^ O ! Alas ! rhhn Far be it. HNH Well I riDH IDH Come ! VTM^ O that ! I wish ! pi< Amen ! ''in Ho ! Syntax. The adjective for the mast part agrees with its sub- stantive in gender and number, as DID ir^N A good man. Some masculine adjectives are united with feminine nouns, and the contrary, as CI3"^7lJn n")OkV The great lights ; mSlJl Q^^Di^t Great stones. Adjectives, except the numerals, are put after their substantives, if not so, the substantive verb is understood. When two sub- stantives of a different gender have the sarne adjective, it is commonly of the masculine gender, CDvDK VH^DI VJD His sons and his daughters eating. An adjective singu- lar is sometimes joined to a noun plural, y\D^tl^f2 "Ity'' Right thy judgments. A verb generally agrees with its nominative in gender, number, and person, n^'^ IL^^'ii The man was. Sometimes. a plural nominative is joined to a verb singular, as a^■^'7K N"»D n^tr^nn In the be- einnino: the Gods created. Sometimes a feminine noun is joined with a masculme verb, as mN*D \'T' Let there be lights. A verb plural may be joined with a singular noun, as pt:^! IDi The wicked flee, that is, each That, is the article, or pronoun, that. As is ES, a German article, meaning it, that, or which. And So is SA or So, a Gothic ai'ticle of the same import with as. HEBREW GRAMMAR. 29 wicked man. A substantive noun is often found alone in the body of a sentence, when it is neither a nomina- tive to a verb, nor governed by a verb, and has no pre- position nor sign of a case before it, in this situation it stands for the instrument by which an action is per- formed, or the cause, or manner, as non dDt rnt^^HD Their memory shall perish them, that is, with them, Psalm ix. 7. The infinitives of verbs are employed as substantive nouns, and as such, admit a preposition to be prefixed, as ^T^12^ In his flight. An infinitive added to a verb often intimates continuance, as mOH niD Dying thou shalt die, that is, be continually liable to death. The conjunction 1 sometimes supplies the defi- ciency of the signs of person, mood, and tense, and unite it in meaning to a preceding verb, as nt:^2D"l And subdue it, for subdue ye it. The personal pronouns are often placed alone, the substantive verb to be sup- plied, as ntr '^K iJkV I God all-sufficient, supply, am. Lastly, the pronoun is often repeated after a relative by a pleonasm, as nil I^Qin l^i< Which the wind shall drive it away, Psalm i. 4. The writings of the Old Testament are presented to us with such solemnity as to call forth our en- deavours to understand them in the language in which they were first promulgated. An acquaintance with the Hebrew Scriptures is so pleasant, and at the same time so profitable, and their beauties so many, as fully to recompense the labour and time employed in the acquisition of their language. So very important is the knowledge of the Hebrew to the ministers of the Gospel, that he who is ignorant in this department of philology should feel ashamed when he undertakes to unfold to his people any part of the Scriptures : for even the New Testament cannot be fully understood by those who are ignorant of this language. Melanch- thon often declared that he preferred the knowledge of the Hebrew before the wealth of a kingdom. Nor should we wonder at this, when we consider that it 30 AN OUTLINE OF is a language from which all others have sprung, and to which still in innumerable instances they can be traced. This was the language of our first progenitors, and the common one at the dispersion. Many proofs might be brought forward, were it necessary, showing that this language, when the Code of Scripture was settled by Ezra, was in substance the same that it was before the deluge. This language is superior to all others, in con- sequence of its simplicity, its purity, its energy, its fecun- dity of expressions and significations. In these parti- culars it excels every other language. These qualities still excite our admiration ; and hence we infer its in- comparable beauty in the age of the Jewish Legislator, and what effects it would naturally produce ; could we know it now, in all that fulness in which it was spoken and written in the days of David and Solomon. As far as we are able to determine its character from the few books that have been handed down to us, we perceive that its genius is simple, primitive, natural, and in per- fect unison with the character of those patriarchs who employed it themselves, and transmitted it to their children in its native simplicity and purity. Its words are comparatively few, yet concise and expressive, de- rived from a very small number of radicals, without the artificial composition of modern languages. No tongue, ancient or modern, can rival it in the happy, and rich fecundity of its verbs, resulting from the variety and significancy of its conjugations, which are so admirably arranged and diversified that by small changes, they ex- press the various modes of acting, suflfering, motion, rest, &c. in such a peculiar manner, that frequently in one word they convey an idea which in any other lan- guage would require a tedious paraphrase. To these may be added the monosyllabic form of the language, which by a few prefixes and affixes, without affecting the root, varies the signification almost at pleasure, while the method of affixing the person to the verb ex- hibits the gender of the object introduced. In the HEBREW GRAMMAR. 31 nouns of this language there is no flexion except what is proper to determine the gender and number; its cases are marked by single letters at the beginning of the word, the pronouns are only single letters affixed, the prepositions are of the same nature prefixed. Its words follow one another in an easy and natural arrangement, without intricacy or transposition, without suspending the attention, or involving the sense by intricate and artificial periods. All these excellences combined, plainly demonstrate the beauty, the stability, and anti- quity of this language. As the Hebrew language is pe- culiar, though simple in its structure, the student in his endeavours to acquire a knowledge of it, must ever at- tend with all possible care to its particular genius, when he finds himself at a loss, there is one method, which, if he constantly observe, he will at last surmount every difficulty. The rule is this, when a Hebrew word comes before him for which he cannot account, nor find the root, let him take the first letter of it and turn to the Lexicon, and attend carefully to the account which is there given of it. Thus Psalm ii. 3. lO^mnDIO museruthimfi, L. p. 72. informs the student that f2 is one of the Eamentic letters; L. p. 37. where it is said that 1 inserted after the first radical, denotes a noun implying present action. The next two letters are ra- dicals, D and "I, and therefore when the root is found they will form the greater part of it. L. p. 97. informs him that of ID ser, lDi< aser. To bind, is the root; either the Grammar, or the Lexicon, when the root is found, easily accounts for the remaining letters. G. p. 4. L. p. 37. give information concerning D). G. p. 7. L. p. 55. explain the last three letters. Proceeding in this way with every letter that is servile, and the root, by perseverance, will soon be found out, and when found, its meaning, whether primary or secondary, must be duly considered, for upon this his progress will greatly depend ; this slow but sure method will overcome every obstacle, for a drop of water makes a stone hollow, not 32 AN OUTLINE OF by force but by constant falling. It is practice that will demonstrate the truth of the preceding rules, and to these he will soon be able to add observations, which occur to him during the course of his reading. He therefore ought, without delay to read the Psalms, and thence the change will be easy to any part of the Sacred Volume, as he proceeds always keeping in mind that diligence removes every impediment, thus he will find his way become more and more agreeable, and will at last perceive with what propriety the poet Milton makes a divine person say concerning this language : If I would delight ray private hours With music, or with poem, where so soon As in our native language can I find That solace ? All our law and story strow'd With hymns, our Psalms with artful terms inscrib'd ; Our Hebrew songs, and harps in Babylon, That pleas'd so well our victor's ear, declare That rather Greece from us those arts deriv'd, ni imitated while they loudest sing The vices of their deities, and their own. Remove their swelling epithets, the rest Thin sown with aught of profit or delight. Will far be found unworthy to compare With Sion's songs, to all true tastes excelling. Paradise Regained. HEBREW LEXICON. As the first letter of this, and perhaps, the Ethiopic being excepted, of every other alphabet. It is servile, and as such, is vised both as a prefix and affix, or postfix. It forms many nouns, being one of the Eamentic letters, as the article A does in English, both having the same origin, as, u?'«, A man, from nu?% Existence. The s in this use of it, is a contraction of Kin, denoting permanent existence. It is also prefixed to verbs, as, ipSK, I will visit, the s, in this application of it, is a contraction of the pronoun 'jx, I. As an afiix from vh, Not, it almost changes the meaning of the root; as, ah J, To restrain, or, not to finish, from 71*73, To finish : as an affix from xn. To behold, which is undoubtedly the same root, as, xin. Permanent existence, like alpha of the Greeks, it denotes something peculiar in the meaning, or calls our attention to it; as, X122, To speak very unadvisedly, fromnt33. To speak unadvisedly. In this view it may be reckoned paragogic, and as such it supplies the place of an adverb. It is likewise used to the person of verbs that tenninate in i, it then also denotes a continuance or intensity of the idea, and has the force of xiri, from which it seems to be formed. Thus we find in Isaiah 28, 12. K13K vh, literally, they would not, Montanus has it, Noluerunt audire, they were un- willing to hem*, but according to this view which we have taken, it should mean that the Prophet charges them with the crime -of con- tinuing disobedient, which was a character too just of that stiff-neck- ed, but highly favom*ed people, a charge still applicable to them, and which will remain so till the time which God has appointed for bringing back his ancient people shall arrive — Amen, so come Lord Jesus. A 3DN or changed by the Massoretic pointing into 3''nN (see preface foot note.) The ideal or primitive meaning of this root seems to be, to extend, hence, m. spica cum ciilmo, a stalk of corn with the reed, on account of its extension in growing. Arista virens, a green stalk, this being the colour of the grain at that time, Mensis Martius, the Month of March, because this is the season of the year when the corn is fully extended or grown. Hence, 3K m. Viror, greenness ; fructus recens, fre-sh fruit ; the dropping of the, last radical never changes the root nor the primitive meaning of it. Chald. >.J3X ^«J3J{t Idem, the same. 3N m. Pater, a father, from the affection, &c. which he extends towards his children ; auctor vel inventor primus, an au- thor or first inventor, because he increases or extends improvements; doctor, a teacher, or one extending instruction ; dux, a leader, or one extending care for the direction of those who are under his authority ; avus, a grandfather ; proavus, a great grandfather ; plural. rTi3X Pa- tres, fathers ; quilibet majores, any kind of ancestors. Chald. NJ3K 3K The same, idem, isx Schultens informs us that the ideal mean- ing of the root is, " one who has gone from his friends, &c. without the hope of retm-ning," hence periit, to be quite spent, or gone. Hi- phil, T3Nn Perire fecit, to cause to perish ; perdidit, to destroy; m. perditio, destruction; periens, perishing. rTl3S f. Res amissa, the thing lost, m. destruction. ^n3K "n3K n3X m. Perditio, destruction ; perditionis locus, hell, or the place of destruction. r~i3N R. 33K To extend ; voluit, to desire, the mind then extending its desire ; acquie- vit, to acquiesce, the mind extending its assent for the attainment of some desire. Mr. Bates is of opinion that the n in this word is radical, we are of opinion that it is not, nay, we would extend the principle to every root where n is not strictly radical, (see Mr. Barker's Lexi- con, preface page 8th.) m. voluntas, will ; desiderium, desire. Hence, ?V3K m. Egenus, needy, or the person extending desires for neces- sary things, also, rn3r3K f. Appetitus, lust, or desire improperly ex- tended. V3K Heu ! ah ! eheu, alas, an interjection expressive of the extension of desire. OK Ah ! alas ! O ! oh, pater mi, O my father ; its composition shows its meaning. V3K m. Moeror, sorrow, desirous of relief. r^nSK f. R. Ls\* \1 Arabic, cutting off, the point, terror, or glit- tering of a sword ; cuspis, a spear ; mucro, a dagger, from their power of cutting off. "]3S To be intricate or winding as a flame in ascend- ding. Ai-abic, k ^.i \| A runaway, perhaps from the winding em- ployed in escaping from the enemy. I3snn Elevari, to be elevated as TK 3 HDintX smoke in ascending ; elevare se, to elevate oneself. ntD3K m. Pepo, a melon, R. ni03 H'DK To be desolate; luxit, to mourn, the consequence of desolation. Hithpael, Saxnn Idem, the same; lugens, mourning, m. luctus, grief, as a particle, at, ast, but ; veruntamen, nevertheless ; im- mo, nay; fluvius, a river, or Sdik R.Ss' px f R. n:3 To build ; lapis, a stone, because used in building ; massa, a heap as of stones ; pon- dus, a weight as of stone, m. p. sellae parturientium et figulorum, seats for parturient women ; and, potters, from being made of stone. UJ3K m. R. CIJ3 To bind; balteus, a girdle; cingulum, a belt, from their binding, we are of opinion that r\22 To build, is the true root, for it is well known that n is used for n feminine, and t2 though ra- dical, for n servile. :73J?3K f. Pustules, R. mi73 D3X Saginare, to fatten. D'i3K m. Praesepe, a stall where cattle are fattened. cz:'D"i3Xn m. p. Granaria, granaries; horrea, barns where those articles are kept, fit for fattening cattle. p3S To grind, m. r^p3K f. Pulvis, powder, pulvisculus, small dust produced by collision. Niphal, P3N: Luctari, to wrestle, because they contended in the sands. "i3K n'3K m. Robustus, strong ; potens, powerful ; plural robusti, strong ; tauri, bulls; juvenci, bullocks; equi, horses, from their strength. r-n3Kf. Ala, penna, awing, from its strength. Hiphil, n''3K Volavit, towing, or fly. ^nsK m. Father of blessings, R. •]"\3 and 3K IJK m. mJK f. Fasciculus, a bundle ; sarcina, a burden ; cuneus, a wedge ; agmen, a band, from the parts of which they are composed, being gathered or cut off, R. tm To cut off or gather, tjk rJK m. R. T3 To protect ; nux, a nut, the shell protecting the internal part. H>JN To collect, m. gutta, a drop, or small collection of water, R. '-^Vj To roll. CD3K m. R. OJ To abound ; stagnum, a pool, from its plenty of water. ^lOJK VOl^ m. Juncus, a reed, from its abounding in marshy places; cortina, a kettle, from its containing plenty of water, px f. R n To protect ; crater, a cup, protecting or holding its contents. tlJK m. R. r)jj To strike; ala, a wing; agmen, a band, as of an army, from their power of striking ; also, 'SJX m. p. Partisans, auxiliaries. -i)S to gather; collegit, to collect; congessit, to heap together; comportavit, to carry into one place. rrnJS f Chald. r<-iJK >CrnJK Epistola, litera, a letter, or a gathering of sentiment, or because it used to be rolled when sent away. r-niJi{ m. Numulus, money, from its being collected for the benefit of traffic. "-JD^JX m. Pelvis, pollu- brium, a basin for receiving the blood of victims, R. IJX To gather, and Ho the Arabic term now not used, for blood, nx or "in< Mist, TIN* 4 m^ R. ,— .T' To project. 21» To grieve. Hiphil, anxn Cruciavit, to tor- ture, to waste, to consume, R. 31 To murmur, mutter, grumble. mis mn« f. p. R. r~n' To cast or project, causes or means of pro- ducing any thing. Chald. inN as a particle from the Heb. tx at that time. CD1X Rubere, rufum esse, to be red ; m. pyropus, a pre- cious stone ; rubinus, a ruby ; homo, a man, from their colour. noiK c. Terra, the earth, being red. ons m. Ruber, rufus, red. c:nn"lK m. subrubidus, very red ; m3itil8 f. also mtnrnx f. red. px m. R. p to direct, rule, judge ; basis, stylobates, a basis or supporter, a socket. ^nK m. Dominus, a lord or ruler, from the power of supporting, it is used concerning God or men, then, or at that time. 'jn« Only con- cerning God. Chald. »ns inN3 Tunc, then, from the Heb. IK which see, -nx Niphal, -nxj ms: Hiphil, nnsn Magnificavit, to make glorious, m. mensis Februarius, the month of February, from the exuberance of the earth at that time in eastern countries, m. j— \-nN f. Magnificentia, grandeur; toga, a cloak, from its splendour. — nK m. Chald. }^-ns Area, a barn floor, from its exuberance, nnx m. Magniiicus, grand ; validus, powerful, from grandeur, a robe of ho- nour adorned witli fui*. Chald. rsSn"iJ~ni< Senatores, judges of the first rank, from -nx Glorious, or first, and y~\]i Judices, judges, t»4"\t"MN Chald. Sedulo, carefully ; diligenter, indefatigably ; expedite, quickly, pompously, from ms Glorious, and "ilN Cito, quickly. pmx m. Drachina, a dram, this seems to be from a Persian word ^^ icXof the same form and meaning. ariK Amavit, to love ; dilexit, 'to chuse, m. love, also anxn m. A lover. r~l3nx f. Amor, love; di- lectio, a choice ; arnica, a female friend, 3n«: m. Lovely, this root is properly the same as 33N &c. r~ins R. r~inj To lament, ah ! alas ! aha O, an exclamation in fear or grief, ai'ising from oppression or the dread of it. ''nx Ubi, where, as if. r—i^x R. 'K To settle, from asking the place of habitation, or where one dwells. *^nK Tento- rium figere, to stretch a tent; tendere, to stretch; moveo, m. tento- rium, a tent, a covering from being easily moved, mbris f. p. O^SnK m. p. Santali, aloe, aloes, because these trees at a distance ap- peal* as an encampment or tent, and to these Baalam compares the tents of Israel, Nimibers xxiv. 6. ix R. riisTo desire, aut, vel, sive, or whether, being particles of desire, also MK >«i'in Oh ! woe ! alas ! 31K m. R. 33X To extend; pytho, a wizard; a python or sorcerer, one who pretends to be extended with prophetic influence ; uterus, m. a bottle or skin extended with wine, &c. plural, m3K TiK To go round, to bend, Ethiopic, Arabic, m. titio, a firebrand quenched ; torris, a firebrand ; as a pai'ticle, propter, on account of; causa, for the sake of; de, concerning, mnx The same. niN To long after. Hithpael, nisnn Desideravit, to desire ; cupivit, to lust; this root is the same as, 33X To extend, ra. also, ix nixn f. Desiderium, desire; also, r~iiK f. The same. c:'''"iNn m. p. Desideria, desires, mixn f. p. Utmost bounds or desu-able productions. riiNJ f. Desirable. ms c:''n{< m. p. Animalia terribilia, dreadful creatures ; avis feralis, a wild fowl, R. nnx To associate, from their gregarious nature ; also, outcry, or perhaps the yell of those creatures. '~7D1K m. A river, R. "^D' •'ixn-'iN Eheu, alas! vae, woe. *— ?1K '~7'1X ""b^ix Gross, thick, m. stultus, foolish, that is, one who is gross or stupid with regard to di- vine truth. mViN f, Stultitia, folly; res stulta, a foolish thing; also, strength, from its thickness, as a particle. '•Sk 'h^^ Fortasse, per- haps. csSiX Profecto, truly; certe, surely; veruntamen, neverthe- less ; also, m. an arch, R. sbx *-?■)« To hope, speravit. SiK m. A family, R. czn 11K To labour, m. robur, strength; vires, power; substantia, substance; opes, wealth; iniquitas, sin; vanitas, vanity; molestia, trouble ; labor, toil ; idolum, an image ; the principal mean- ing is to labour, hence it denotes sorrow or fatigue, the consequence of labour, sin, idolatry, as the causes of sorrow. a^jKn m. p. Mo- lestiae, toils, lies, vanities. T£)iK m. Uphaz, the name of a place, R. T3 Y''** Urgere, to press ; festinare, to hasten. yK m. Festinus, hastened ; angustus, narrow, the consequence of pressure. niK Lu- cere, to shine ; illucei*e, to enlighten, R. nx To flow, as light, m. lux, lumen, light; ignis, a fire; focus, a hearth for a fire, mis f. lux, lumen, light, rims f. Olera, pot herbs, from their flowing or perishing nature, msn m. Lumen, light; luminare, to enlighten. nmS73 f. Specus, a den, whence wild beasts perceive their prey; foramen, a hole, or passage for light. mx c. Signum, a mark. Chald. ns The same, R. mns To come. ts nK Tunc, then. ^IKO since. nJts r~lTK To kindle; accendi, succendi, incendi, to be kindled. 3TS mm m. R. 3TK To issue; hyssopus, hyssop, from its cleansing or detergent qualities. Chald. "ITS Abiit, to depart. r-nDtK f. Perfiune, R. -ot "-^s Abire, to go away, digredi; profi- cisci, to proceed, m. itio, a journey; iter, a road. Htisto Abire factus, compelled to depart; vagus, wandering, ^is To weigh, f. auris, the ear, because it weighs or discerns sounds ; plural, arma, the legs of a balance, from its finding the ponderosity of bodies ; a girdle, a weapon. CS'JTxn m. d. Lances, the scales of a balance; trutina, a pair of scales. VTXn Auscultavit, to listen; auribus percepit, to perceive with the ears, pTX m. R. pi To strain off, as metal in fusing ; ca- tenae, chains, fetters made of cast iron or copper. miK m. Indige- nous, R. mT 1TK Accinxit, to gird ; accinctus, fuit, to be girded. "nTXnn Accingere se, to gird oneself, to be girded. yiiTK f. The arm, R- yiT "ilTK m. Cingulum, a girdle : cinctura, a belt. nnVns f. An amethyst, R. a'7n nx R. nnx To join, f. focus, a fire, because the fuel in it is gathered to a point ; ah, O ! heu, alas ! nxn Euge, well done. nriN "in m. R. m" To join ; unus, one ; quidam, some one person ; primus, the first ; plural, uni, one by one ; iidem, the same persons ; pauci, a few. Chald. n-TIK Riddle, R. TH r^nx f. One, &c. Chald. Xin The same ; also mn f One, &c. hence, mno Simul, at the same time ; pariter, together. Hithpael, adunare se, to join oneself. nriK Chald. or PN m. Frater, a brother; propin- quus, a neighbour ; agnatus, a kinsman ; cognatus, a relation, from the nearness of kindred, inx m. Ulva, a reed ; carectum, a sedge ; gramen, grass, the roots of which are joined. rnPN f. Fraternitas, brotherhood ; also a declaration, from nin mnx f. a. Soror, a sister; p. nvnx Tns To join; cepit, to take; pi'ehendit, to seize; appre- hendit, to imderstand ; possedit, to possess ; haesit, cohtEsit, haerere, fecit, to adhere; adjunxit, to couple. Niphal, TPlW, Possessor; fac- tus fuit, he was compelled to inherit ; capi, to be taken ; detineri, to be delayed, ninx f. possessio, an inlieritance. cnx m. p. Anima- lia terribilia, terrible creatures, R. niK rinx Chald. To sew, R. min *~?nx 'bnx Utinam, O that; of. "b For me; and, ns Alas! Onx, Chald. r:;njC Satrapae, govei'nors, this is not strictly a Hebrew word, but is a Persian compound, of/ viuik:! Pretium, valuable ; and, ^..^xj^ Satrapa, q. d. as if you would say, a chief ruler ; hence, signifying in that language, a chief ruler, a'jiniyns m. p. Ciirsores regii, royal runners; cameli, camels; muli, mules; this is also a Persian word from / jiU2s:l pretium, valuable ; and -UCkw.1 mulus, a mule; hence, in that language, signifies excellent mules. r^nx Semel, once, R. nns Psalms Ixxxix. S6. ~\\^^ To fasten, m. rhamnus, a bramble, from its fastening prickles. totDK A piece, Arabes, sonum edidit venter, the belly has sounded. tSK CX*? 'taxS to incline, quiete, softly ; sensim, gently ; leniter, lente, smoothly, that is with the body stooping. CS'OS m. p. Praestigiatores, diviners or soothsayers, from their stooping or prying about the affairs of others, czax Clausit, to shut; occlusit, to shut against; obturavit, to stop up. les To spin, m. also, ?ii2S Funis, a rope ; filum, a thread spun from the fila- ments of lint ; linteum, linen. nMN Clausit, to shut ; occlusit, to shut against, m. prajclusus, shut out, left-handed, that is, the right hand shut or not used. •'K ri'N To settle, m. insula, an island, or a place settled, how, where, alas, also, where, or a place or country distant from Judea, to find which, they must ask the question, p. i"K In- sulae, islands ; aves insulan^e, birds belonging to an island, a particle of negation, non, no, not, from VK. 3'S Inimicatus est, to be un- friendly, m. inimicus, an enemy ; infestus, troublesome. .""O'S f. A female enemy. rn3'K f. Inimicitia, enmity, R. 33K To extend ; an enemy is one who extends evil desires against those whom he hates. "I'K m. R. r-n'' To put forward ; vapor, a mist or cloud, from its being sent forth ; interitus, destruction ; calamitas, misfortune ; exitium, death, because they relate to things which, as it were evaporate, perish, or go to nothing, and as such come upon us. rn'S f. R. mx To desire ; pica, comix, a crow or vulture, from its rapacity, as a particle, ubi, Avhere, expressive of desire to know something. mfX Where, from r-iT and 'X. rr'X r~i3'X Quomodo, in what manner ; quo- nam, whither ; ubinam, where ; of 'X Desire or asking ; and r~0 a particle expressive of the means. iS'K Woe to him ; from iS to him, and r-iK Woe. S'X R. ^X To interpose ; also, rmS'N f. Aries, a ram ; cervus, a stag, furnished with horns for their defence. ivVx Planicies, a plain; campestre, a wood, from its strength. mS'S n'7'X Cerva, a stag; hence, SiN '•bix Robur, strength, or the means of defence. rs-'K m. crvK Formidabilis, terrible ; in Arabic it signifies great in magnitude ; hence, terror as the consequence. a^n'K m. p. Terrores, terrors ; idola, idols ; gigantes, giants, from the terrors they inspire. CD'^yohii 8 now nO'K f- Formidoj fear. r~inr)'N f. Formido maxima, very great fear, of CD'S and n» To die. Chald. ^nn^K Terribiles, dreadful; terrificus, fearful; r-\"':nnK f. The same, vx R. ^x Labour or vanity; also, ^K IN Non, not ; nemo, nobody ; nihil, nothing, ty^ ms^X f. R. rnux To heat ; epha, an epha, or the baking measure, because it was heated in an oven; ubi, where; of '« Asking; and r^^D Denoting place or as- pect ; mean time. ?:?'{< m. R. r~H£?' Existence ; vir, a man ; maritus, a husband ; quihbet, any person ; aliquis, some person. mU'K f. Vira, a manly woman; uxor, a wife. r~W\< The same, ^ws ywni m. R. pK To be black ; nigrum, black ; nigredo, blackness ; pupilla, the apple of the eye, from its blackness. Hithpael, urcr^Nrin Virum pre- bere se, to show himself a man, ri'N ?n'S m. R. »nK Strong, rough ; fortis, brave ; validus, strong ; asper, rough ; horridus, dreadful, from its strength and roughness ; vis, violence ; robur, strength ; also, a spade, see r^N. aun'X m. September, from the violent or rough weather which occurs at that time. Chald. «—|>N 'n^S Est, is ; sunt, are. 3tOS m. A lie, R. 30. "[X Tantum, only; veruntamen, nevertheless ; sed, but ; profecto, truly ; sane, surely ; utique, therefore ; omnino, altoge- ther, R. r~i3: To strike ; a particle, denoting the striking manner or the earnestness of the speaker. niOK m. Cruel, R. nT3. "-^IIX Edit, to eat; comedit, to eat much; consumpsit, devoravit, to consume; Chald. the same ; et divulgare, to disclose ; proclamare, to declare. Hiphil, '— ?ONn Comedere fecit vel jussit, to cause or compel to eat : consumpsit, to waste ; cibavit, to feast. ""JOIN m. Cibus, food ; also, '~7"'3S mbiOK f. '~73in m. r~',b'JXn f. Commeatus, provision; f. culter, a knife ; gladius, a sword, from their power of consuming. »3K To make ready ; certe, surely ; profecto, truly ; utique, therefore ; sane, undoubtedly ; a particle, denoting that the thing is established or ready. f\3Vi R. f^DJ To bend ; reflexit, to bow ; inciu-vavit se, to bend one's self, m. manus, the hand, from its bending to hold any thing; vola, the hollow or palm of the hand ; to crave, urge ; see f]2. ~\DK To dig in the earth, m. agricola, a husbandman. *-?« To interpose; ne, not; nequaquam, by no means; non, not, a particle of interposi- tion or negation; fortis, strong, R. *-?'K To be strong. Psalm xxix. 1. also, an oak, from its strength ; mighty God. Chald. idem, the same; also, r-iSs Illi, ilia?, illud ; isti, istae, ista, these ; Arabic, accessit, to approach ; hence, "h^ Ad, to ; apud, at ; secus, by ; juxta, nigh to ; erga, versus, towards ; contra, against ; super, above ; also, tSSs Woe to me. >bx To lament. u/ujVk m. Grando immanis, great hailstones ; of "-^JN Olp^N* 9 ^^^y Lord or great ; andtt^'SJ Hail. CS'OjSk CU^JoVk m. p. Lygna, Thyina, Thyine wood. nSK Execratus est, to curse ; juravit, to swear ; pejer- avit, to violate an oath; ejulavit, to howl; also, f. execratio, adjuratio, a swearing; jusjurandum, an oath, f. quercus, an oak; lucus quer- cuum, the grove of oaks, R. *-?'« To excel, because the oak is a tree excelling in strength, &c. m. Deus, God, this name is given to God, angels, rulers, idols. r~\hii A title of Christ, who was made a curse for us. Chald. also, NJn'^K plural, XTi^iK vrha Idem, the same. r— ibxn f. a swearing on oath. iV*?*? m. An oak, the place of oaks. ^b» Perhaps, R. '•blK. r~\''h» f. Cauda ovis aut arietis, the tail or rump of a sheep or ram set apart or devoted for sacrifice. QinSx The divine plurality of persons in the Godhead or trinity. Trx Si, if; Chald. Ecce, lo ; of "-^x To interpose , and i It. nbx Niphal, nbx: Fcetidus, nasty ; putidus factus fuit, to be made rotten. "I'^K m. p. Chald. lUi, isti, these, those, R. "-JK To interpose. "-jVs Arabic, abiit in nihilo, to go to nothing. ''~7'bK m. Nihilum, nothing ; res nihili, an affair of nothing; plural, idola, idols, so called because they are vain. H'ibN m. Mensis Augustus, the month of August, R. ^K To interpose, for then the summer heat interposes, and burns up in a great measure the land of Judea, and the neighbouring countries. "•bb'K Alas ! woe ! R. W'7''. udSk To bind; Niphal, csSx: Obmutescere, to be mute, m. mutus, dumb, as it were having the tongue bound ; manipulus, a handful, from the hand holding it ; obmutescentia, dumb, m. also, crbiX m. Porticus, a porch formed by stones closely bound ; vestibu- lum, a porch or entry to a house ; also a particle of firmness ; profec- to, truly; &c. crs'-nbiK m. p. Vestibula, porches. mTsbx Idem, the same, msbx f. Fascis segetum, a bundle of rushes, a sheaf, a hand- ful, manipulus. inSs m. Viduus, a widoAver, a man deprived of his spouse; viduitas, widowhood; r~i:'cVx f. Vidua, a widow, one whose matrix is bound by the loss of her husband. ^ir^Vx mJ'ibN f. Vidui- tas, the state of widowhood, 'axibi? A fictitious appellation by which he is known whose true name is concealed, from o'^X and 'j I. Chald. vSn ^:>»« mOK f. Cubitus, the arm, or that which supports us. Chald. plural, vns Cubiti, the arms, ra^ Steadi- ness ; nutrivit, to nourish ; nutriens, nourishing, m. ; nutritius, a nurse, m. ; artifex, a workman ; opifex insignis, a good workman, from their steadiness, m. ; Veritas, truth ; amen, so be it ; verum, true ; Niphal, »CSJ Verum esse, to be true ; confirmari, to be strengthened ; firmum, strong; fidum, faithful; fidele esse, to be faithful; nutriri, to be nourished. Hiphil, ^'osn Credidit, to believe ; fidit, to trust. Chald. vn>n Credidit, to believe, ^ics m. Fides, faith ; Veritas, truth ; also fidelis, faithful ; verax, true ; nutritius, a tutor or governor, a child or nursling. r~Oins f. Veritas, truth ; fides, faith ; constans, steady. r~i:nK f. Firmitas, strength ; Veritas, truth ; fides, faith. mij»K f. p. Strong pillars; also, r~"JCK f. DJOK Vere, truly; revera, in truth ; scilicet, indeed ; sane, surely, njns f. A nurse, steadiness is the leading idea in every branch of this root, yns Robustimi esse, Hiphil, roboravit, to strengthen ; fortificavit, confirmavit, obfirmavit, fortitude, strength ; robur, plural, robusti, strong ; validi, powerful ; bay colom-, Zech. vi. 3, 7- also, r~\^»K f. y^cs m. Robustus, stout ; firmus, strong, a'lfnso m. p. Fortificationes, strong places ; robora, forces. -iQK To branch out, extolled or branched out, as words are in composition ; dixit, to declare ; loquutus est, to speak ; cogitare, to think ; proponere, to settle. Hiphil, '^■^■aii3:N f. *flJN m. Facies, vult-us, the countenance, R. p|:n To breathe. --»3JN f. Ardea, a heron, from its angry disposition, pjx pJKJ To moan or groan or cry out; clamavit, exclamavit cum gemitu, to cry with groaning. mp:K f. Exclamatio, a crying out ; gemitus, a groan ; at- telabus, a little locust without wings, from its doleful cry, tt?js u^jxa Niphal, jiEgrum esse, to be infirm ; infirmitate affici, to be affected with weakness. UflJS m. ^ger, sick; infirmus, weak, incurable; mortiferus, death bearing; homo, man, from his frailty; also Chald. NJCfJS Idem the same, ^^\^o^ m. A pot of oil ; see "jiD DDX m. horreum, a barn. CDK m. R. ^D To smeU; horreum, a barn, from tlae smell of the grain. pK ^^dk m. R. ?D To pour out ; exitiima, destruction ; mors, death, from the separation of soul and body. rjDK To gather ; Hiphil, r]^DKn CoUegit, to collect ; retraxit, to draw back ; recepit, to take ; abstulit, to take away. Niphal, s]DK3 Congregatus, assembled ; receptus, received ; sublatus fuit, taken away. pj'DK m. nsoN f. Col- lect! o, a gathering. pjd3DS< m. Collecta turba, a crowd gathered. IDK To bind, ligavit, vincivit, obligavit, m. ; vinculum, a chain ; ligatio, a binding ; obligatio, giving security, Chald. also nJ^dk Interdictum, a prohibition. °i'dk mox m. vinctus, bound a prisoner. moQ m. nDTO m. Vinculum, a chain. i7K !K f. Amictus, the girdle of the ephod. r~l3K To heat through or dress victuals in an oven, or on coals ; coxit, to bake ; pinsuit panem, to knead, m. ; coquus, boiled, m. ; pistor, m. ; a baker, f. an epha or the baking measure, about a bushel, be- cause this quantity was baked in a common oven. r^siK n£)N» m. Coctum, boiled ; coctura, a boiling, a baking. CD'J'Dn m. p. Cocturae, things which are seethed. >— ?£iK To hide ; sol occidit, the sun sets ; Arabic, caliginosus, dark ; obscurus, not clear ; also "~?3Sn m. ; : — iVsK f. caligo, darkness ; obscuritas. r~ilb"£)X f. p. Obscura, not manifest ; serotina semina, late seed. pK m. R. rnJS To turn ; rota, a wheel ; modus, a measure, from its round form. d3K To fail ; desiit, defecit, defectus, a failure; finis, a boundary ; nihil, nothing, or a failure; ne- mo, nobody ; preter, except, a particle of failure ; dual, number ; tali pedum, the soles of the feet, from their being at the extremity. ySK nySK f Vipera, a viper, from its swelling, R. rnya To swell or puff \r\H 13 t]3}< nothing, that is, a pufF of wind or only vanity or nothing, also a hyena. e)3S To face, to surroxmd, to compass, circumdeditj R. r~\3 To turn round as the countenance in speaking. pSK Hithpael, pijxnn To put a force upon, to restrain; confirmavit, to strengthen; continuit, to hold; re- pressit se, to keep back one's self. p'SR m. Fortis, brave ; torrens, a flow of water ; alveus, a stream, R. p£U To draw or bring forwai'd. 13K m. R. na To break ; cinis, ashes ; velamen, a covering as of ashes, from the smallness into which the particles are broken. ?in3K m. Thalamus, a marriage bed, from rina nSN CDr-JK Chald. Thesaurus, a treasure ; aerarium, money ; tributum, a tribute, sup- posed to a word not from the Hebrew, it rather appears to be from the Greek, aT0Ti6ri//,i, to place or lay up. yK m. Narrow, to press; yni'X The finger, R. J^a^:. '-7':fX Reponere, to set apart; seponere, to lay aside; reservare, to keep back, as a particle; apud, at; juxta, nigh to ; penes, in the power of; prope, near, "-^v^'x m. AxiUa, the armpit, from its being distinct from the body ; also, ala edificii, the wing of a building ; p. m. optimates, magnates, selecti, persons set or kept near one, chief men the most excellent. r~nj;i'S R. nyif To proceed. -i:!f K To lay up, to store or treasure ; thesaurum collegit, to gather money ; recondidit, to lay up treasure ; hiphil, idem, the same. IVIN m. Thesaurus, treasure, p. mn:;is. mpK m. A carbun- cle, R. mp ppi< ipN m. Rupicapra, a wild goat, Schultens derives it from the Arabic, 'pK signifying shyness or loathing, a name very descriptive and just. >ns "~?X-iK m. Valens, strong ; prsevalidus, very strong ; from nx A lion ; and *-?{< God ; the lion of God ; nuncius, a messenger; legatus, an ambassador, nx To flow, m.; light; see iik also m. A river, six To view, prospexit; insidiatus est, to lay in wait, m. ; insidiae, snares ; latibulum, a den to lie in wait ; also 3ljcj-iK Idem, the same. V\ii Area, a coffer ; capsula, a casket, so named from being woven. rmK Cai-p- sit, to gather, to snatch ; decerpsit, to pluck away, nx mnx m. Leo, a lion, from its snatching its prev. Sxnx Ariel, ^nx c. Area, a chest in which articles are gathered ; loculus^ a coffin or chest, minx f. Stabulum, a place where cattle are collected; praesepe, a stall, itk Chald. En, lo; ecce, behold, R. -iK To flow as light. nK m. Cedrus, a cedar, the ideal meaning is firmness, and as such it is still found in the Arabic, mx Iter fecit, to go; profectus est, to proceed, m.; via- tor, a traveller ; iter faciens, making a journey ; iter, via, f. a way ; consuetudo, a custom. Chald. Mnms KniK Idem, the same. ,— imK f. Comitatus, a train or retinue of attendants ; coetus commeantium, an assembly of travellers ; viaticum, victuals; cibarium, food, because it goes along with us. mDns m. R. 321 Many, "jik Is long, pro- longari, to be extended, m.; longitudo, length; longus, extended. ; — ID1K f. Longum, long; diutinum, diuturnum, lasting; sanitas, health or prosperity, from its continuance ; Chald. f. Prorogatio, or lengthening out the time. Chald. y\^ Decens, proper ; conveniens, fit. 0"\N R. CUT To be elevated. Syria, pcnx c. Palatium, a palace, arx, a tower, from their height or grandeur. pK m. Ornus, a wild ash, R. p To vibrate freely, or fir tree, from their waving motion. »nK c. An urn, from its reverberating sound. r~\3Jlt< f. Lepus, the hare ; from nnx To crop ; and 3'j The produce of the ground. jriK KiTiK Chald. Terra, the earth ; for yns Terra, the earth, c. more fre- quently f. ; regio, a country, R. yn To crumble, from its divisibility. Chald. pn« NJpnx Terra, the earth, R. pn To attenuate, because the ground or dust may be very small, nns R. ns To flow ; maledixit, to curse ; exsecratus est, to be cursed, or to declare any thing transitory or flowing ; we are of opinion that ~iK is in reality only a contraction of nnK the principle extends to a great many roots of the same form. r-|-iK Maledictio, a curse. u;-iK i—^lt'-iK f. R. cnK Arabic, to desire ; effatum, speech or the expression of our desire, to betroth ; desponsa- vit, desire. iffK c. R. v\fft< Strong ; ignis, fire, from its power or strength. Chald. NSi^K Idem, the same. nufK m. Ignitum sacrifi- cium, the consumed sacrifice. nu?s m. R. rTiW To pour forth ; effu- sio, decursus, a river, a stream, from its pouring forth. r~iU?K r^'U^K f. R. mc^' Existence ; fundamentum, ground work, a woman or the person existing, a sacrifice ; from vtn Fire, because consumed with fire. mnncTK Asdodia, after the manner of Ashdod. iws To be black ; see ur^K, HlOtt^K R. H»3«7 To be deprived. '^Wiit m. R. r-\m To bite ; testis, a testicle, or perhaps a tumour, or tetter, sharp and biting. ""TttrK ra. Nemus, a grove ; arboretum, an oak, R. *-7ttfj Ara- bic, A plain, the place of oaks. CDl^^K To be guilty, desolate, the ef- nr\ii 15 CDC'N3 feet of guilt ; deliquit^ to offend ; reus fuit, to accuse ; reus factus, considered guilty ; vastus, desolatus fuit. GUfW Niphal^ Desolari, to be desolate ; vastari, to be laid waste. Hiphil, o^CKPi Reum peregit, to make guilty ; desolavit, m. reus, guilty, or rather accused ; reatusj oblatio pro reatu, an offering for the guilty. ;— ittiCK f. Idem, the same. a^jOtt'K Loca desolata, destroyed places. niini^S R. notfr To watch, yi;^ now not used. To see ; hence IWN The eye, or pupil, or organ of seeing, which being black, it denotes blackness. *]«?« m R. f^m To breathe ; Chald. Astrologus, an astrologer or one who pre- tends to be inspired with a knowledge of futurity. n£3C?K f. R. m-Jttr To dash ; pharetra, a quiver, from the arrows in it dashing against each other, &c. -isurx R. ~\2^ To be fair. r->£m?S f R. msiy To put or set in order ; stercus, sterquilinium, fimus, a dunghill, because in eastern countries the dung of animals was often put in order, serving for fuel. nD(£fN m. R. r-Wii To roast ; frustum, a fragment ; portio ampla, a great part, a collop broiled ; and -is A bull, the Vulgate renders it, the roasted part of the flesh of a cow or ox. ~\w» Incessit, to go forward; direxit, to guide; duxit, to lead; beavit, to bless; beatum, blessed ; felicem predicavit, to declare blessed, m. beatitudo, beatitas, blessedness, or the happy consequence of going forward in the path of duty ; qui, quae, quod, who, which, that, of both genders and numbers, quod, that; quum, when; quia, because. nWK ntt^lt f. Incessus, a going forward ; gressus, a step. riltf'K f. Lucus, a grove, the blesser, because they fancied that blessings would flow to them for worshipping their idols in the groves. Chald. t««jjTirN Mu- rus, a wall, from its strength; from ibt To direct or regulate the building, nwxn f R. itt^K To proceed; buxus, the box tree, from its thriving, flourishing, or going forward with perpetual viridity. V^^ Strong. u^'iCfN m. Fundamentum, or the ground work of a building. Chald. Nj'iyx Fundamenta, foundations. ni^r'UTK f. Lagena, a flagon or stone bottle of confectionaries prepared by fire ; from c?x Fire, stale or without hope, as it were consumed by fire. nnnu^K Chald. Sedition, m. R. -ntff To send, r^u:^ Each ; see tt/'K mx R. mnK To come, come to, come near, to approach ; c. a sign, an evidence that something is ap- proaching, when that is the time of approaching, besides, or the thing ixear being added, against or the approaching thing appearing, there or the person near or present, is the sign of the accusative case, the no- minative when the verb is passive, it has also the force of a preposition, for, with, &c. (see Simon's Lexicon) m. ligo, a spade, from its marking out the ground for the furrows; also m'N The same. ,— inx Venit, to come ; advenit, to approach ; accessit, Chald. idem, the same. ^m^X m. Ingressus, a going forward, inx Strong. »inx f. Asina, an ass, from its passive and active strength, both in enduring and carrying. Chald. also t^Jinx Fornax, a furnace, R. Vii Fire, ur being changed into n. nns c. Tu, thou, R. mnK To come ; plural, ^ in the oblique cases is from r~i3 hie, here or present, crns Vos ; mx and n from r~i)2n A multitude. TiN f. plural, ' the latter part of inn for man A multitude, ^nx You ; from iij To increase, rninx You;rn: fonj from 11J To increase ; also hire or reward ; from r^Jn Chald. nnJK Tu, thou; nn:X for n^JX Thou present. VnJX V the Chaldaic form of the plural, vos, you. pTis m. R pn: To withdraw, a chamber or place of retirement, nnx m. Locus, a place ; Chald. perhaps from Hebrew, -n^N To go forward. c^nnK m. p. Exploratores, spies; from nin To explore. Is the first consonant, and second letter of the Hebrew alphabet; it is a contraction of r~i3 HcUow ; it is one- of the serviles ; as a prefix it occurs very frequently, and is a preposition, in, in, or into ; ad, to ; ab, from ; apud, at ; prope, near ; contra, adversus, against ; cum, with; inter, between, among; post, after; per, by or through; pro, for; juxta, near; secimdum, according to; versus, towards; &c. (See Simon's Lexicon.) Prefixed to the infinitive it declares when any thing is done or doing. np33 When he visited, or literally, in his having visited ; it also expresses the superlative, as CD"'!!' J3. r^.a^n Fair among women, that is fair, or very fair. NSn To come or go, R. I>i13 Chald. r~mnX3 In extremity ; see nnx nSD To open ; declara- vit, to explain ; clare exposuit, to unfold clearly, f. ; puteus, a well, or place dug or opened for water; fons aquae clarse et limpidae, a fountain of pure and limpid water, m. ; fossa, a ditch ; cisterna, a cistern, R. m3. ttrS3 To stink ; putruit, fcetuit, to be rotten, m. ; fcetor, a smell not pleasant. rntt^SO f. Herba fcetens, some stinking weed, or the plant of grapes that rot on the vine. C3''dS3 m. p. Labruscae, uvae foe- tentes, grapes that spoil on the vine. Chald. u?X3 ^"'3 To be, or seem to be bad; displicere, to displease. Kn'xriXS f. Maligna, bad; pessi- ma, very bad. 33 m. Hollow, R. 313. r-l33 f. R. 33 Hollow; pu- pn!i 17 n2 pilla, the apple of the eye that appears hollow or admits of the light, contracted r^2. i2 To spoil, m. cibus, food, to cut as of spoil or plunder. 1J3 To cover, f. vestimentum, a garment of falsehood, or a gai-ment of dissimulation ; perfidia, breach of faith ; perfide egit, to violate one's trust ; prevaricatus est, to be treacherous. miJ3 f. Per- fida, a treacherous female, id To separate, only, alone, one, m.; ra- mus, a branch, that which may be separated from the tree ; linum, flax, its filaments being easily separated ; lineum, separated from the flax ; vectes, levers or latches for the door, perhaps from bemg made of flax ; membra, members or parts distinct from yet relating to the whole. J>jn3 Finxit, to feign or devise of himself alone ; mcntitus fuit, to lie or prevaricate, in Arabic the verb signifies to begin, to produce or devise something new. csnn m. p. Mendaces, liars, mendacia, lies ; astrologi, astrologers, from their devising lies, ma Solitarium esse vel agere, to be or to act alone. mi3 Solitarius, alone , solitarie agens, acting alone, m. solitarie, in a solitary manner, r^ the same root ; solus, alone. ^"ID To divide. Hiphil, ''-7n3n Sepera- vit, to separate ; distinxit, to set apart ; discrevit, to distinguish. ^'\2: Seperavit se, to withdraw one's self; seperatus fuit, to be se- parated, m. seperatum, the thing separated; particula seperata, a distinct part. '~7n3 m. Stannum, tin, from its being separated from gold and silver. nSi3 Bdellium, fi'om Arabic in3 To be fat; and Arabic nbl Fatness ; ligni vel arboris nomen, the name of a wood or tree ; gemma, a pearl ; crystallum, a crystal, from their fatness or being rich. p"i3 m. A breach ; fissura, an opening or breach ; labes, a hole ; scrutari, to search ; inquirere, to ask, to repair or amend the breach, m 3 Spargere, to scatter; dispergere, to disperse ; from the Hebrew, T3 To spoil, &c R. tu nT3 of the same meaning, r— in3 or in3 m. R. r~i3 To be hollow ; inanitas, emptiness ; res inanis, a vain affair. ton3 m. Porphyrites, an emerald ; porphyry, red marble or some kind of beautiful stone ; from Arabic iDn3 To be heavy, from their weight. *-7n3 To hurry. '-?^n3n Turbavit, to trouble ; conturbavit, to dis- turb ; acceleravit, to hasten ; festinavit turbulenter, to hurry with fear. r~;'7n3 f. conturbatio, disturbance, terror, fear arising from being hurried. Chald. ib^ns mb3nn Celeritas, swiftness or being hurried. crn3 riJCna c. R. Arabic CDn3 To be dumb ; bestia, a creature ; pecus, a flock ; ju- mentum, a herd, p. bestiae, creatures; elephas, an elephant, from their being dumb. in3 m. Pollex, the thumb ; from Arabic, 1X3 To sepai-ate, the thumb in part being distinct, as it were, from the fingers, p^^ iinrr 18 in^ To shine, m. pustula alba, a white tumour, from its shining. Viti- ligo, the leprosy, from its whiteness. nn3 "CHD m. Nitidus, bright ; splendidus, shining ; candidus, white. mPD f. Papula, a pimple, from its colour ; leprosy, from brightness. 1^413 Venit, went, to go ; advenit, to come; coivit, to go together; ingreisus est, to enter; ivit, to depart ; abivit, occubuit, to set, when it refers to the going down of the sun, m. ingressus, an entrance ; aditus, a passage ; also r^iDin r~lN'3 J^un Idem, the same, mxun f. Reditus, a return ; proventus, produce or that which comes from the fields. 313 Niphal, 3'133 Va- cuus, empty, hollow ; evacuatus, thrown out. lu To despise ; sprevit, contemn; contempsit, contemptus, despectio, a looking down; r~ni3 Idem, the same. I"i3 R. m33 To distil. Niphal, ^u: Perplexum, confused, or distilling, or shedding tears; iinplexum esse, to be in doubt. m3"i3n f Perplexitas, anxiety. *-7U m. R. mb3 To waste away ; nomen Octobris, October the month of vegetable decay ; also m. a river, R. ^3\ 113 To divide or separate; intellexit, to appre- hend or separate by the mind. rnJ'3 r-unn f. Intelligentia, under- standing; prudentia, discernment. D13 DD3 Calcavit, to trample ; con- culcavit, to trample under foot; conculcans, trampling. mDl3» r^Di3n f. Conculcatio, a trampling. yi3 R. Y3 To be soft ; byssus byssinum, fine linen made from the soft downy substance formed in the pods of the shrub called gossipium, perhaps it should rather be rendered fine cotton cloth like linen. pl3 rnpi3 rnpiso Emptied ; f. vacuitas, emptiness; evacuatio, a throwing out. 113 1K3 m. R. n3 To cleanse; fovea, a pit, a ditch from which the earth is taken or cleansed ; cisterna, a well, lake or cistern ; career, a dungeon ; sepul- chrum, a burying place or pit. ten 3 Erubescere, to be ashamed ; pu- difieri, to be affronted. mtt^U mu?3 r^^:v^ f Pudor, shame. 0^30 m. p. Pudenda, a part of the body. r~iT3 Contempsit, to despise. 1VT3 m. Contemptus, a despising. rnT3»J Contemptibilis, worthy of being despised. n3 Praedatus est, to be spoiled; diripuit, to be rob- bed, spoiled or worthy to be despised because spoiled. T3 rnT3 Praeda, direptio, spoil or plunder, pp To break to pieces, m. ; fulgur, light- ening, from its destruction. 1T3 To be scattered, dispersit. '~?n3 Fastidivit, to abhor ; aspernatus, despised ; aversatus est, to be abhor- red. ^n3 Probavit, exploravit, to try, m.; probatio, atrial; munitio, a watch-tower or place for trying the strength of the enemy. 1in3 Specula, a watch-tower ; turris, a tower. -in3 Elegit, selegit, to re- gard, to choose as worthy of regard. -i^n3 mn3 m. Selectus, juvenis, a s 19 nn^D young person chosen or worthy of regard; plural, juventus, youth. 1111373 "inno m. Selectum, chosen; selectissimum, very worthy of regard. •53 To look, R. 133J. K103 Pronunciavitj to declai-e. s:t33n ni. Pronun- ciatum, declared. r~ltD3 To speak rashly. nt:3 Fidit, confidit, to cling, to confide ; also, lint03 niD3n m. r~\ntD3 f. Fiducia, faith or dependance ; confidenter, boldly, secure, safely; confidentia, trust; securitas, safety. u3''nB3X m. p. Pepones, melons, from their tendrils clinging to whatever they can hold, and thus support themselves. '~?t:i3 Cessavit intermisit, to rest, to have ceased, to be effeminate or rest too much. i03 To hide, f; venter, the belly, or hider, or container; projectura, the part of a building which juts out, or ratlier of a pillar which is concealed or hidden. S''J103 m. p. Avellanae nuces, nuts, pistachia nuts, from their shell being shaped. like the belly; terebinthenas, turpentine, perhaps from the seed of the pine being shaped like the belly, rnx'3 f. An entrance, R. r>Jl3. "'3 Of; 3 In; and' Me; O, ah; quaso, I pray, I be- seech. •'3 R. 13 To divide; inter, between; medietas, middle. V3 To discern, R. y\2- \"2 ni'U f. Ovum, an egg; from yo Fine flax or white ; hence an egg from its whiteness. T3 A well, m. R. ma Puteus, a ditch. r~n"'3 f. Palatium, a palace ; castrum, a tent. nv3-i3 Arces, towers ; palatia, palaces, from their show pr appearance being glorious or clear, n'3 m. R. m3 Capacity ; domus, a house or receptacle for man, a family or what the house contains ; sedes, a man- sion; locus, a place. C3'n3 p. Chald. j<«J33 m. Morus arbor, a mulberry or pear tree; from m33 Flevit, to weep; deflevit, to lament, perhaps from its weeping, (see Leigh's Critica Sa- cra.) also m. weeping, also '33 m. r-\i33 r~\'33 f. Fletus, weeping. C33J m. p. Fluenta aut profunditas, things flowing or depths. ">33 n03 To be forward, m. ; primogenitus, first fruit ; primogenitum, first born. r~n'33 f. Primogenita, a female first born. r~ni33 f. primogenitura, the right of being first born; primus fructus, first fruit. nT330 Primipara, first produced. r~n33 f. Dromas, a dromedary, from its being very swift or always forward ; plural in construction, n33. Chald. '-r'3 Cor, the heart: animus, the soul, the same as S3 The heart, r^^hz Surety, R. toS ^3 R- ^"73 To wear or waste away ; non, not ; nequaquam, by no means ; sine, without ; preter, except ; absque, from, a particle of negation, as if worn to no- thing or consumed away. '~7i''''V3 Nequam, not; nullius frugis, of no fruit ; from '^3 Without ; and Si? A yoke, a thing of Belial, punish- ment, the wicked one. jbs Recreavit, to comfort, to smile, to laugh. nba Veterascere, to grow old ; inveterascere, teri, to be worn ; m. vetus, old ; tritum, worn ; Chald. ^«sb3 Idem, the same. C3'i'73 C3"'i3 Chald. >.:-i3 Ager, a field, the clear open field or country, as opposed to the con- fined dwellings of men. NJn3 Creavit, to create. r~n3 To secrete. ?Sn3J. msJ Potens, power- ful; fortis, brave, arising from strength. t'3J m. Dominus, a lord, from his strength, or power. rnn'SJ f. Domina regina, a queen. n"!3J Domina, a lady. r~ni3J f. Potentia, power, or strength ; forti- tudo, bravery. Chald. }>imi3J f. Potentia. \U2i VZi To shave off, or to be smooth; in. unio, a pearl, or crystal, from its smoothness. 3il U To expand ; m. tectum, a building, or the flat expanded roof of a house, "ij To assault ; m coriandrum, coriander, from its pungent, or assaulting qualities with regard to taste, li nu To assemble, R. ma Chald. -1313 the same as 13!^ Thesaurarius, a treasurer; which see "M To declaj'e, R. "IJJ TiJ ChaJd. the same as Heb. IJ To assault; succidit; or mj To assault by bands ; popular!, to ravage, nnj Turma vastans, a troop, or a party of invading soldiers, nj Idem, the same. r~nJ '"IJ m. Hcedus, a kid, from the manner in which it pushes, or assaults; f. p. ripae, the banks of the shore assaulted by the waves. '-7iJ Magnum esse, vel fieri, to be, or be made great ; crescere, to increase ; educare, to teach, or make great by an increase of knowledge; m. magnus, great; crescens, increasing; magnitude, greatness, ^nj m. Idem, the same. r-hll f. Magnificentia, ampli- tudo, greatness. a^bnJ m. p. Institje, faacias, fringes, or net work of a great cluster of pomegranates, "— ?njn HnjTi m. Turris, a tower, from growing wider from top to bottom. jriJ To break down, cut off; abscidit, amputavit, excidit. fpi To insult; blasphemavit, to blaspheme ; contumelia affecit, to load with reproach. r~isnJ f. Con- vicium^ brawling, mj Sepsit, to inclose ; m. faber murarius, a maker of walls ; also r~nnJ r~mi Maceria, a wall, murus, paries ; sepes, a hedge. v\i V'\i Acervus frugum, a heap of corn; tumulus, a mound, or heap of stones, or earth. r~iJ Hie, iste, this ; for riT- nnJ To repair ; sanavit, to cure ; f. medicina, a medicine, or that which cures. -in: Procumbere, to bend ; pronum expandere, to be prostrate, to stretch, to breath upon, nij m. R. 3J Protuberance, locusta, a lo- cust, from its continually haunching out its back. ^'33 Locustae ; trabes, beams ; fovae, fossae, cisterns, caves, or vaulted places, from their form. Chald. also t^3i3 {sJ3J Fovea, a ditch, rm: "ij m. Cor- pus, a body; tergum, the back; medium, the middle; f. pride; from r~\XJ To swell or rise ; also a scale, from its rising, the back for the same reason. Chald. also rJ mJ"iJ f Faux, the throat, or neck. ■s:'\i Expulit, to expel ; m. extrusum, wheat, or corn driven out of the ear. u-MKi m. Expulsio, a driving out; suburbium. a suburb, from its being witliout the city. rnvjijJD f. p. Suburbia, suburbs. CTU-'J To lie, or lean hard upon ; m. imber, a shower, from its heaviness in eastern countries. Chald. Corpus, the body, R. arj To feel, a palpable substance, u/'^i Palpare, to feel, or grope. r~\~i r~iJ Cutting, beating, poiuiding ; f. torcular, a wine-press, a large ves- sel in which they used to press their grapes by treading, ryni f. A musical instrument whicli perhaps gave out its sounds by pressure. The fourth letter of the alphabet ; it receives the name and partly the shape of a door. r>J-i Chald. Hsec, ista, this ; hoc, illud, that ; a pronoun corresponding to mi This ; and changed from it, placing as is common in Chald. "i for t and K for n. DXn Dolere, to mourn, moestum esse, to be sorrowful, flow, die by famine. 113N"1 m. n3Nl f. Moestitia, sadness. JXl Solicitus fuit, to be anxious, to be in pain, a fish, m. R. Jn. mJXn f. Solicitudo, care ; anxietas, anxiety. rn«T Volitavit, to fly ; f. milvus, a vulture, from sailing in the air with ex- p<«jnn"in Gubernatores, governors, or those who lead, or bring forth others. -\3"!» m. Desertum, the de- sert, or barren country into which cattle are driven to be fed. tt/ST To conglutinate ; m. mel, honey, from its adhering in lumps, or bunches ; palma, the hand ; from U!y^ To carry, not used now, from the hand carrying ; dactylus, a date, the fruit of the palm-tree, from their sweetness like honey. iTifiran f. Gibbus camelorum, a camel's back, with the bunch of flesh and hair found thereon. r~\i1 To mul- tiply. JT m. A fish from its wonderful prolific power, to fish ; f. in- crease, also a fishing-boat ; also «T m. Corn, from its power of multi- plying. *— ?3n Vexillum erigere, to raise a standard ; m. vexilliun, a standard, from its being raised, nil To sit on eggs, or young ones, as a bird, to warm, to heap, or draw together for the sake of warm- ing; coUegit, congregavit. in m. R. m^ Arabic, To love; uber, mamma, the breast, or the seat of affection, or love, m To urge ; thrust forward. Psalm xlii. 5. m To flee, R. mj. n"n To go soft- ly, to go before ; incedere, gradi sensim et leniter. 3m m. Chald. Aurum, gold ; also NSam Idem, the same ; from Hebrew aPT Shining. rnamo f. Aurea, golden ; auri cupida, fond of gold, rm m. Instru- ments of music, cam To come upon a person suddenly, to stupify ; obstupescere, to fright, im Plaudere, to shout, noise of galloping, r^nm f. p. Plausus, shouts, imn m. Teda, a torch, or rather a song at a wedding, jn To fish ; piscari, R. ii To multiply. JT JNl nn Piscis, a fish, from it wonderful prolific power ; m. piscator, a fisher. r^yi^'^ f. Piscatio, a fishing, m To thrust forward, R. -n\ nn m. R. m The breast, as the seat of affection ; dilectus, beloved ; amicus, a friend, or one loved; patruus, an uncle, or one beloved, from the relation which he bears ; m. canistrum, a basket for carrying bricks, perhaps from its being carried on the breast; sporta idem, the same; lebes, a kettle, from being the form of the breast ; pelvis, a bason, for the same reason, mn f. Amita, a father's sister. cs'Nin Mandra- gorae, mandrakes, from their delightful, or beloved smell, (see Bates* Critica Hebrea.) r~in To be languid ; m. also 'in Languidus, dull. "•n ^^\^'^^ mno m. Languor, dulness ; debilitas, weakness, nn To cleanse; abluit, to wash, cast out; dispulit. ']^'^\ To bruise in a mor- tar ; tudit, contudit. r^£30n Gallus silvestris, vel attagen, a wood- cook ; from in A cock ; now not used, and Syriac ^>J30 A rock, from h^ 31 riDno the place of abode of these birds, mono f. Mortarium, a mortar. an Siluit to be still ; obmutuit quievit. OT m. Quies, rest, nnn f. Silentium, silence; sepulchrum, the tomb, or place of silence. a»"n Silentimn, silence; silens, quiet, in Judicare, to judge, con- tend, strive, n m. Judex, a judge, in jn m. Jvidicium, judgment; causa, a cause of judgment; sententia judicata, the opinion consider- ed.; also Chald. ^«J3n m:n Idem, the same, ino m. Contentio lis, strife. Y^"' Exsilire, exsultare gaudio, to leap for joy. nn in Arabic, To encompass ; habitare, to dwell, or encompass a place with tents; m. an age. m j3itas, generatio, a generation, or the time of men dwelling together, a race, in m. rnino f. Pyra, rogus, a funeral pile, from its round form. Chald. in» Habitatio, a dwelling. VfM To thresh corn, trituravit. urn m. rnw^nn f. Tritura, a threshing, or beating small, iwn m. Pygargus dama, a fallow deer, from its ti- midity ; (see Simon's Lexicon.) rnm Impulit, to impel, to throw down, 'm nmo m. Impulsio, a driving forward. Chald. r\m Mensae, cantiones, instrumenta musica, instruments of music played on by impulse. Chald. '—jm from Hebrew HriT Timere, to fear. '-?''m Terribilis, dreadful, fearful. im m. Milium, white millet, R. mm To impel, from its pressing forth such a quantity of grains. s]m To press forwards, impulit. nismo f. p. Impulsiones, precipi- ces, from their impelling forwards, pm To oppress; arctavit, to straiten; pressit, to bear down, n m. Sufficientia, sufficiens, enough; Chald. qui, quae, quod, who, which, that ; quia, because, nu? Omni- potens, almighty; of ur for-\i:?K Who; and n Sufficiency, n.'''^ f. Mil- ATus, a kite, from its blackness; hence in m. Attramentum, ink, from its colour, rn'on f. Silence, R. nm. in m. judge, from n or in To rule, a province, or the jurisdiction of a judge, pn m. Munitio, a fort; propugnaculum, a tower; from pT To beat small, from their power tp overcome their enemies, pn Chald. Hie, is; iste, he. Chald. pn Hie, iste, haec, ista, this. KDn Attrivit, to bruise, contri- vit ; m. contritus, worn, or bruised, risn Atteri, to be worn, on m. Contritio, a wearing, or the roar of the sea, or the waves, or breakers, i^i y\ m. Attritus, worn; pauper, poor, worn, or afflict- ed. t]y^ m. The Upupa, or Houp, about the size of a lapwing, idt Chald. Recordari, meminisse, to remember ; m. aries, a ram, or mule, because it causes the race to be remembered, being continued. ?~i^i'*2'' f- Chald. Memoriale, an affair to be remembered. >^'JiDn Res memorabiles, affairs worthy of rememberance. '-?t To exhaust ; nn 32 hi m. tenuis, slender ; exhaustus, worn out ; pauper, poor, &c. j"?"! To (lance ; saliif, subsiliit, transiliit. r^*?") To draw water ; hausit, ex- hausit, to lift. ^^T m. Urna, situla, a bucket, from its drawing water. rn"?! f. A curl, or hair, from its drawing its juices, or support from the body, lace, or appendages to their garments, rnvbl f. p. Propa- gines, shoots, drawing their support from the parent stock ; palmites. Idem, the same. n*?"! To trouble the water. *— ?S"l Attenuatus, weakened ; exhaustus fuit, to be weakened. r-h~\ f. Attenuata, weakened; peniculamentum, a part of a garment, from its slender fabric, ff?'^ Stillavit, to pour out, drop ; perstillavit ; m. stilla, a drop, or dropping. pS"l Accendi, to inflame ; ardere, to burn ; insectari, to pursue as in anger. mpSi f. Febris ardeiis, burning fever. n^T '-?"l f. Janua, a gate; porta, R. r~h~\ To di-aw, to be thin, which though thick is, when compared with the posts, thin, a leaf, or rather the columns of writing into which the ancient volumes, or scrolls were drawn. :zn m. Rest; see c^n r~i»T to be equable, to be quiet ; similem esse, to be like ; assimilavit, siluit, quievit, cessavit. OT m. Sanguis, blood, from its wonderful power of being assimilated to the body, cr from ~)nx To be red, death, or quietness ; imaginatus est, cogita- vit, to think, or form an image of any thing in the mind. 'CT m. Rescissio, a cutting off, or reducing to quietness, the life being taken away ; also rn'On f. Silentium, silence. CZJT iVttl m. miTj") f. Simi- litudo, likeness. 0»T Idem, the same. r~l?;?Sl f. Silentium, silence. l?j-l To pollute; m. stercus, fimus, dung. r—i^no f. Fimetum, a dunghill, ym To ooze out; lachrymatus est, to shed tears; f. a tear, from its oozing out, liquor, for the same reason; lachrj'ma, liquor, rni'm f. Lachryma, a tear, p'^m m. Angulus, a corner ; latus, the side of a hill ; from ;— ittT To cut off; and the Arabic, pp^y of the same meaning. :i To judge; also R. ^in. nJl Chald. Ille, iste, this, that. j:n Soft, yielding ; m. cera, wax, from its yielding nature, yi Knowledge, &c. R. m"- pyi To quench ; extingui, to be consumed. r~\En '31 m. Infamia, reproach, a backbiter, R. fp} To drive, or hurry away one who rashly reproaches another, pan To drive, to beat ; pulsavit, bruise, break, y'^ To exult, leap for joy, become joyful, R. ^n. ^3p'^ pi To beat, or be beaten small ; commi- nuit, comminutus fuit; m. minutus, thin; gTacilis, slender; res minu- ta, an atom ; aulaeum, a curtain, or thin cloth, cortina. ipn Transfixit, to thrust through ; transfodit, to dig. mnpio f. Transfossio, a dig- ging through. -r\ To encompass, to dwell, R. mi Parium marmor; m^n 33 in Parian mai-ble, from the round shape which it assumes when formed into pillars ; aut lapidis pretiosi nomen, or the name of a precious stone or pearl, from its round form ; also m. a generation, R. in. S^"\T lK~n m. Contemptus, despising; fastidium, loathing, R. Nim Arabic, Repulit, to drive back. 3"n pm m. R. 3"n To sharpen; stimulus, a goad ; aculeus, any sharp thing. i-\-\ To proceed gradually, to ascend a steep place ; m. precipice. rnm« f. Gradus, a step ; prsecipitium, a steep place ; praeceps gradatio, a steep ascent, mil A thistle, from its liberty of growing, or encompassing places at its pleasure, "pi To go, to come ; calcavit, conculcavit, to trample ; ivit, tetendit ar- cum, to stretch the bow ; c. via, a way ; iter, a road ; mos, a custom, consuetudo. ']n°ra m. Calcatio, a trampling; vestigium, a track. ?lJT33"n Drachma, a dram ; from *]m A way ; and r~0'0 To distribute, because necessary for the traveller, am CTsm m. Meridies auster, the south, from the Arabic, to shine, from the splendour of the meri- dian sun. jm imx f. Chald. Brachium, the arm ; the same as Heb. jni The same, "nn m. Libertas, liberty ; hirundo, a swallow, a turtle, a sparrow, from their liberty of going about where they please ; from -n To encompass, a^m Quaesivit, to enquire ; inquisivit, to search, to seek, perquisivit. vn'O m. Commentarius, a commentary, or en- quiry ; historia, a history. u?n or c;n To tread out corn, xcrn To produce grass, herbascere ; m. herbula, tender herb. ria'\ To fill up, to fatten, saginatus, fattened, pinguefactus ; fuit redegit in cineres, to reduce to ashes, or to take the oil, or fat from it by burning ; m. pin- guis, fat ; pinguedo, fatness ; cinis, ashes, m To appoint ; f. lex, edictum, a law, an appointment by a superior, custom, statute. KXm f. Chald. Herbula; tender herb ; from • Heb. i>Jtt;i Grass. Chald. Ninarn Legis periti, skilled in law, counsellors ; from m A statute ; and 13 To declare, or make plain. Is the fifth in the order of the alphabet; it is reckoned a vowel, and is one of the servile letters, as such it is prefixed, being one of the Eamentic letters to nouns, from i^Jn To behold; it then signifies, that, the, this; as, Vf^ A man; c^'KH That man, the man, or this man. It is used as an adverb of calling, from }««Jn To behold ; as mnn O E nin 34 no daughter. It is interrogative, or expresses a doubt, perhaps from no What, rnnxn Art thou my very son. Genesis xxvii. 21. It is employed in forming the conjugation hiphil, and its passive hophal ; the active voice ha\'ing ^ inserted before the last radical, as, Tpsn He has caused to visit, "ipsn He has caused to be visited. Prefixed to n they form the hithpael conjugation, as, npsnn He hath visited him- self. It forms feminine nouns from M'n She. moan f Wisdom; from a3n To be wise : it forms the third person singular, preter fe- minine, as mpS She visited ; when affixed to a noun, or verb, her, as, r~np3 He visited her. m' Her hand. To words of time or place, to, towards, as, mjfnx In the earth. Genesis xix. 1. Sometimes to a noun, his, as, mbns His tent. Genesis xii. 18. the reason of this is, the root of the whole is >sjin Permanent existence, or, to behold, and is common gender, hence paragogic, or expressive of intensity of the idea; as, mur^n' Very quickly he shall hasten, Isaiah v. I9. Affixed to a noun, it denotes deliverance altogether, as, r~ini?iU'vPsalm iii. 3. To a particle, as, mD'K Alas ! how, by what woful calamity. To a pronominal affix, as, n^uy^ kVi They will not answer the repeated cries, Jeremiah vii. 27' ^^n Chald. Heb. En, lo; ecce, behold, nsn Aha, ah! ansn Offering gifts, an To give, R. 3n'. '~?3n To emit vapour; vanum fieri, vel effici, to be made, or become vain; vanescere, to disappear; m. vanitas, vanity, or a vapour, an idol, or vanity, pn a^JDn m. p. Ebena lig- na, ebony, or elephants' teeth, R. an Dusky, which is the colour of the teeth of that animal, nan To cut off; contemplari, to contemplate the heavens, by observing and dividing them as astrologers do who pretend to know the future destinies of men, observare ; m. astrolo- gus, a star-gazer, mjn To bring, or carry forth ; meditari, to muse, or propose any thing to the mind ; mussitare, to mutter, to complain as doves, to growl as lions; m. loquela, speech; gemitus, a groan. Vin 7V3n nun Meditatio, contemplation ; f. a tale, or any thing pro- posed to the mind, a song. Psalm xcii. 4. ^an nJ^n Recta, conve- niens, direct, fit, elegant, "nn "in^n nn m. R. mn To dart forth, or stretch forth the hand ; immisit, extendit, celeusma, the shout of a nSnn 35 i:}'7n mariner, acclamation, or extending the voice, nam m. Rulers, R. 131 To lead, ^in To crush, bruise; contudit. snn cnn m. R. Arabic, To be round ; scabellum, a footstool, from its rotundity, a piece of any thing that is round ; Chald. membrum, or a part of any thing ; frustum. Din m. Myrtus, a myrtle. rpr\ Impulit, to push, or thrust ; deturbavit, to expel ; expulit, to cast out by force. -\in Ho- noravit, to adorn, decorate ; m. rimn f. Chald. Kinn Honor, decor, majestas, honour, &c. mn Ah, alas ! in O ! woe, R. mn: To la- ment, alas! *-7'Kin To fix. NJin Permanent existence, or the thing existing ; ille, ipse, he. nin m. Decus, glory ; decor, honour ; gloria, renown ; majestas, grandeur, R. r— nn To dart forth, or make conspi- cuous, min To be, fuit ; also Chald. ssjin Idem ; f. iErumna, care ; pravitas, crookedness; also substantia, substance; opes, wealth, 'in in Heu, alas ; hei, ah, &c. Chald. "^in Proficisci, to go, ire. om Di- vexavit, to vex many ways ; turbavit, to shake. r~iQin» f. Divexatio, trouble; strepitus, a noise; tumultuatio, a swelling noise. iin To be prepared; m. substantia, substance; opes, wealth; sufficientia, enough, rnin Stertere, to snore; somnolentum esse, to be drowsy, to rave, dream, sleep, 'n Heu, alas ; vje, wo ; planctus, lamentation. >^'n Ntm f. Ilia, she ; p. in. mJn for -"jn plural of ?n To be present. *-7nn To begin, n^n To happen; fuit, to be. ^n Hy, ho! rrin the same as mm To be. "in To go. yr^ Quomodo, how. vn To be ready, pa- ratus fuit ; m. hin, a liquid measure, ready for the purpose. ']7\ To go, R. "im To go. "—jon "~7Dm Large, roomy, spacious ; m. palatium, a palace ; templum, a chvu-ch, from their extent, n^n To know again ; obfirmavit, to resolve, mon f. Obfirmatio, firmness, insult, impu- dence, or a forward knowing of people again, "-^n To shine, R. •"^bn. Kbn mxSn To remove, or cast to a distance, far off; ultra, beyond ; ulterius, farther. iSn This, that. *|bn Ambidavit, to walk ; ivit, abivit, to depart ; adivit, accessit, to approach ; m. itio, a walking, ambulatio; fluxus, a flowing as of the sea; Chald. m. Vectigal, a tri- bute, tributum. y'^r\ m. r~l3''bn f. Ambulatio, incessus, a travelling. I^nn m. Iter, a road ; profectio, a journey, riobnn f p. Progres- siones, jom'nies, &c. "^bn To move quickly, to be foolish, or move one's self with pride ; insanire ; laudavit, to praise, to move quickly in song; splenduit, to shine. '-^Vm m. Lucifer, the morning star. *-?iSn *-?Sn« m. nVnn f. Laus, praise. mibSin mS'^in f. Insania, mad- ness. n'iSVn Laudate Dominum, hallelujah, praise the Lord, mbnn f. Lux, light, from its brisk motion; splendor, shining; laus, praise; nnn 36 tzhn ^tultitia, foolishness. aSn Tiidit, to beat ; contudit. oSin Tusio, a clipping, cznbn Hue, hie, there, here, thither; that is, wherever the foot strikes, aibrf m. Adamas, a diamond, from its extraordinaiy hardness, niobn f. Malleus, a hammer ; tudes, a bruiser. r~nobno Contusiones, bruises, r— ion Tumultuari, to be noisy, strepere, per- strepere. r^'<'}2r\ f. Strepitus, a tumultuous noise, cr^rn m. p. Stre- peri, noisy fellows, thrasones. ?ij:n m. Strepitus, tumultus, rough ; turba, a crowd, from their noise; copia, plenty. .— \'rn Strepitus, tu- multus. *— ?»n To speak, R. '-70 To separate, as sounds, rnbicn mban f. Strepitus, a noise ; tumultus, noisy, czinn Quassavit, to shake ; contrivit, to wear ; profligavit, to waste. ^Tsn Multiplicari, to be numer- ous, or noisy, R. r— iTin To be tumultuous, oizn Arabic, To break ; m. CD'Dttn m. p. Stipulae, straw, from its being broken ; cremia, dry sticks for burning, being broken for that purpose ; melting liquid, R. r-!DT5 To melt, break, or dissolve, nm To impel, or break. rrnTiriQ f. p. Scrobes, foveae, ditches, or pits, where the earth is broken. vr\ To be ready; en, lo; ecce, behold. r~ijn Idem, the same; si, if; sive, whether; particles denoting the presence of an object; also hue, hither, &c. mon Siluit, to be quiet. ']3n Vertit, to overthrow ; mu- tavit, to change ; versus, turn ; m. diversum, [contrarium, different. m^sn moann f. Subversio, an overthrow. *]333n Versatilis, change- able. r~\DDnO f. cippus, a pair of stocks. r~i3Snr\ f. Perversitas, frowardness. nVvn f. Freedom, R. "-7^*J. li»n Ferrum, iron ; m. currus falcatus, a chariot, being made of iron. 3~in Occidit, to kill, interfecit; m. also r~iJ"in f. Occisio, slaughter. r~nn To protuberate, concepit, to conceive; f. gravida, pregnant. r~imn m. Genitor, a fa- ther ; f. genitrix, a mother, rnn imn m. Conceptus, conceiving. Chald. nmn Cogitavit, to think, or have many conceptions. '\m''\ri m. Cogitatio, thought. Sin Vftnn m. R. an To be lifted up ; pala- tium, a palace, from its height. Din To destroy, overthrow, destru- xit, demolitus est, subvertit, perrupit ; also m. miDnn f. Destructio, a pulling down, nnn in m. R. mn To pi'otuberate ; mons, a moun- tain. mVnDnn f Chald. Celerity, R. ^7\3. miDnnn f Society, R. IDn. H»nn To jeer, ludificavit; to sport, illusit. mbnn» f. p. Lu- dificationes, sports, nnn Prava moliri, to contrive mischief, machi- nari ; also to rush violently, R. mnn To hasten. S^i SI T) 1 The sixth letter, and the third vowel; it has the nantie and shape of a hook, whence it is derived. When used as a connective it is ser- vile. As a prefix it is the conjunction, and; from n To connect; in this state it may, and occasionally has the following meanings; even, therefore, on this account, but, indeed, for, when, if, that, so, then, also, not, neither, that ; when it is prefixed to the future. In- serted after the first radical it denotes the participle of the present tense, as, npl3 Visiting ; also nouns implying present action, as, nniD A merchant, or one who is trading. Inserted before the last radical it denotes the participle passive, as, nip3 Visited ; also nouns implying an action past, as, u;0"l Wealth acquired ; from tt^^n To acquire wealth ; affixed from ^s^"ln to a noun, his ; to a verb, him ; it forms the third person plural of verbs : in the imperative second person plural, and then is the latter part of the pronoun its postfixed ; and for the im- perative 1 is the middle part of the pi'onoun imJK You, (see Ro- bertson's Lexicon, p. 42.) It is paragogic, after verbs, nouns and particles, and in all these instances, the imperative excepted, it may be reckoned a contraction of in the pronoun they, or these; postfixed with n it forms the plural termination feminine for the most part. 1 And, et, R. n To connect ; hence m. uncinus, a little club ; uncus, a hook, from its hold;; a chapter. 3 m perhaps the name of a place. T?i A child; for T?"" Which see. r The seventh letter, and fourth consonant in the alphabet. 3X? To hasten, to be impetuous ; m. lupus, a wolf; a leopard ; a panther, from their impetuosity. ysT To tremble, R. i"i. r~\m R- ni This or that, this, she. 3T To flow, R. 31;. 331 m. 3UT Musca, a fly, from their issuing from the eggs. "13T Donavit, to endow ; ra. dona- tio, a dowry ; donum, a gift. n3T Mactavit, to slay ; sacrificavit, to sacrifice ; m. sacrificium, a sacrifice ; mactatio, a slaying. rnn3T f. Sacrificatio, offering sacrifice. n3Iffl m. Altare, the altar for the offer- ing of the sacrifice, a victim, a feast. ""73! Habitavit, to dwell; cohabi- pr 38 Si:3r tavit, to dwell improperly with a woman. "-JIST m. mSi2T f. Habi- taculum, a dwelling, a city. Chald. 13T Emit, to buy ; redemit, to re- deem; vendere, to sell. JT To join; m. cortex, bark joining the wood ; cutis uvarum, skin of the grapes, inclosing, or connecting its parts, stone of the grape. "iT To swell, proud, &c. R. niT- mi see IT c. more frequently than, m. Hie, here ; iste, istud, this. r~il To scat- ter, R. ,•— >TJ. DHT To be clear; m. aurum, gold ; aureus nummus, gold coin ; aurea lux, clear light, clear water, fine sky, from their shining. IT R. TIT A post of a door, cni Fastidivit, to loath ; detestatus est, to abhor, to defile, nauseate. npT Splenduit, to shine; monuit, to warn, or convmce by enlightening, to foresee, or be cautious, arising from more knowledge, or light; m. splendor, shining. Chald. VTHT m. p. Moniti, warned. 21T Fluxit, to flow, profluxit; m. fluxus, filth, pro- fluvium. DT Fluens, gonorrhoea afFectus, affected with gonorrhoea. niT To swell, or boil full of anger and pride, ni Superbus, proud, or swollen with pride. »i-iT m. Superbus, superbia, pride. rniT To verge, to incline ; f. angulus, a corner, arm m. p. Anguli, corners ; promptuaria, store houses, or granaries where the articles are laid. TIT To move to and fro, f. ; also, mTiTO f. Postis, a door post on which the door moves to and fro. T'l ni. Fera, a wild beast, from its roving backwards and forwards. H'lT To cast away ; vilum esse, to be vile, or worthy of rejection ; vilipendere. "-^VlT m. Vilis, nasty. r~l*?T f- Vilis res, an affair rejected. Chald. y\t To prepare ; pascere, to feed ; alere, to nourish, n IITO m. Alimentum, cibus, food, or that which is prepared for us; m. p. bene pasti, well fed, applied to creatures. rnjiT f. Caupona, a woman who keeps an ale-house, or rather a grocery, from the food therein contained. jnT To tremble, tremere; raovere, to move. rnyiT myi f. Commotio, a stirring. niT To compress, comprimere; to sneeze, sternutare; to estrange, alienare; from it To cast out, to cure, or compress, to wound from nT» To be corrupt, or rotten, it Alienus, a stranger, js^it Nausea, a loathing. Tiio m. Vulnus, a wound; sanatio vulneris, the healing of a wound, nni Tolli, to take off, to loose. Htit To skulk, or fear; repere, to creep. M To be bright; hence Chald. VT m. Splendor, brightness; also, IT No- men mensis Aprilis, April, so called, because at that time of the year the splendour of the solar light is great beauty. V] m. Splendour, also an animal. »J2'T Chald. but Heb. in the p. ry\l] and CJTK Arma, anus, R. ,— IJT To encompass; hence arms encompassing the body for defence. p'T m. R, pT To strain off; scintilla, a spark, flame. n;rr 39 m or burning matter sti-aining off, fetters made of metal which has been strained off. ry] c R. ">} To be bright; olea, oHva, olivetum, thfe olive tree, from its splendour. m3T Purum esse, to be pure. *]JT Idem, the same. OT nOT f- Chald. Puritas, purity, "^i Purus, pure. r~Ot f- Idem, the same, moot f. Gemmae nitidissimae nomen, the name of a very beautiful gem ; glass, from its clearness or trans- parency, or rather crystal. -\3T To remember, meminit, recordatus fuit; odoratus est, to search out by smelling; ra. memoria, the me- mory ; memoriale, a monument, or that which causes any thing to be remembered ; odor, a smell ; mas, masculus, a male, or one who continues the memory of the family. noT m. Masculinum, mas, of, or belonging to a male. r\'\21 m. Memoria, remembrance. r~n3TS f* SufEmentum, a perfume offered to the gods at vintage time. H"! To scatter and sow. *-?lT "^T To flow, R. StJ- i^T Curvature. jbT» m. Fuscina, a flesh hook, a fork, from their bended form; p. r^ublQ Hibt To let go ; m. commessator, a glutton, a debauchee, from their pro- fusion. C2'''7iSt m. p. Flagella in vitibus, vine shoots, r-isy"?! f Pres- ter, procella, a storm, a tempest, horror ; from ySl Arabic, To burn ; and ri^T To be angry, r— i^T nblT Praeter, except ; nisi, unless ; ex- cepto ; from '-?t To let go ; hence they may be reckoned nouns, a letting go, a neglect. CT To think, R. aT^ OttT To devise ; cogi- tavit, to think, either in a good, or a bad sense ; molitus fuit, to en- deavour, to contrive ; also, m. nnT r-mTO f Molitio, an endeavour, or contrivance ; cogitatio scelerata, a wicked thought, wickedness, a plot, because they are the consequences of device. Chald. m To ap- point; parare, preparare, to be ready, to prepare, m. ; also, >;3JDT Tempus designatum, the time appointed. nttT Putavit, to cut off; praecidit; psallere, to sing, or prune, or cut off all discordant notes ; camelopardalis, an animal of the goat kind, from its browsing on the twigs of trees. ■n"'70T m. nT«T f, Cantio, a singing. Chald. nOT Can- tor, a singer. K"\nT Musica, music. mttT f Palmes, surculus, the shoot of a vine, from its being pruned, mrsin m. Psalmus, a song. rm»T» Falces vinatoriae, hooks for vines. ^T m. Food, R. 1iT- !T Chald. Species, a variety, R. mt To vary. 3Jt To attack the rear; m. Cauda, the tail, or extremity, r^^21^ p. mJT To encircle ; scortari, to encircle, or embrace unlawfully, or for hire. n:"it f. Meretrix, a harlot, from her unlawful embraces. riUT rm:in f Scortatio, the state of whoredom. G':"):! m. p. Scortationes. HJT Deseruit, to cast off; abjecit, rejecit, to reject, pit To leap up ; exsihit, subsiliit. myt To V" 40 -|rT move ; see i?lT r~ij7T f. Sweat, R. yr- 1$^ To cut off; extinguere, to be extinct ; extingui, to shorten. CT^T Indignatus, to be indignant ; detestatus fuit, sprevit, to despise ; m. indignatio, resentment, to con- temn, to threaten. «]j?t To be troubled, perturbatus fuit ; indignatus, to be displeased; m. indignabundus, very angry ; indignatio, anger, or displeasure, pyt Clamavit, to cry ; exclamavit, assemble, np^t f. Clamor, a noise. ~iin Little, nyin Paulum, a little ; pauculum, pau- lisper, the same. Chald. n^i^i Parvus, small. mTj?! f. the same. nsi Arabic, To flow ; f. pix, pitch, from its flowing. pT To strain off, R. ppT. ipT Senuit, consenuit, grown old; c. barba, a beard, from its belonging to years ; m. senex, an old man ; also, r~lJpT CD'JipT Senectus, old age. pjpT Erexit, to lift up, crucify. ]>p'i To pour forth, fudit, effudit ; liquavit, to melt ; purgavit, to cleanse ; defecavit, to purify. c^''pt m. p. Catenae, compedes, fetters made of cast iron, or copper. ^''ptK Jeremiah xl. 1. -ii &c. ; see niT. 311 Diffluere, to grow warm, melt, run out. r~i"M To scatter, sparsit ; ventilavit, to scatter with the wind ; cingere, to surround, as the ornaments scatter- ed around the ark. ni m. Limbus, a border round a garment ; venti- lator, a fanner, or that which scatters corn, it To separate, R. -\U- mntn m. Ventilabrum, a fan; m. a circle, a girdle, a crown. »]'nT f. Irrigatio, stillatio, a dropping, a moistening ; of r~nT To scatter, and f|n Chald. To drop, i""]"*! m- Accinctus, bound, a greyhound, horse, strong loins ; of ;— lit To gird ; and ni A limb. mT To be dif- fused ; oriri, to appear ; exoriri, to arise ; m. ortus, the east, or rising of the sun. niTO m. Ortus, oriens, rising, mix m. Indigena, a na- tive tree, diffusing its shoots and branches, oni Inundavit, to pour forth; m. inundatio, an inundation, to carry away with a flood. r-imT f. Fluxus, a flowing, an issue, in: To spread abroad ; semi- navit, to seed ; sevit, sow, m. ; also, Chald. Semen, seed ; m. legumen, pulse, from their power of increasing^ or extending. j71T» Locus consitus, a place sown. ynT m. Sativum, the thing sown, or planted; also, D)'y\^ Brachium, armus, c. move frequently, f. the arm, which is capable of being spread abroad, or extended. p"i! Sparsit, to sprinkle, aspersit, conspersit. p-\]'0 m. Crater, phiala, a cup, or vessel for sprinkling. r~nT m. R. rint To scatter, or expand; spithama, a span, or the hand extended, mn An olive ; see ">]. an 41 2n n Is the eighth letter, and fifth consonant of the alphabet. 3n To be bound. ^.;3^ Occultavit, to hide, nidhq m. Absconsio, a hiding place ; hence sn m. A bosom, hiding or cherishing place, a retreat ; or, nnn To hide, embi'ace, love, or chuse, dilexit; or, r~l3n Latitavit, to conceal. iV3n m. Absconsio, a retreat, '^an To shake down, de- ciissit; beat out; excussit, thresh. ^2n To bind; partin-ivit, to bring forth, or be bound with labour pains ; pignoratus est, in pignus acce- pit, to give or receive a pledge, or be bound to do so ; corrupit, per- didit, to corrupt, to destroy, that is, to take any thing upon pledge, which being not redeemed, is to the former owner as corrupted, de- stroyed; (see Parkhurst on the root.) m. corruptio, corruption; funis, a rope, by which we bind any thing ; funiculus, a small rope ; pars, portio hereditatis, tractus, a part, an hereditary portion, a tract of ground which used to be measured by a rope or cord, as it is now by VIS with the chain ; turba, caterva, a band, or string of persons following one another ; m. pignus, a pledge ; dolor gravissimus, se- vere pain, as if bound ; tormina quasi parturientum, gripes, or pains, as if of parturient Avomen ; a mast of a ship, from being bound with ropes ; nauta, nauclerus, malus nauticus, rope-man, or sailor employ- ed in handling the ropes, the man at the helm, from his binding him- self to direct the vessel ; also, r-^.Vnn f. Pignus. Chald. >^bDn mbon Corruptio, corruptum, spoiled. r-\"ibonn f. p. Solertia?, prudentia, consilia, advice, so wise that we are bound to follow it. yan r^'^iOn f. Rosa, a rose, a lily; from nan To love; and Si' The shade, as a flower loving the shade. p3n Amplexus fuit, to fold, to embrace ; m. amplexus, an embrace, nan Sociatus, joined; consociatus, con- junctus fuit; m. incantator, an enchanter, or one who joins Avords for the purposes of incantation; sodalis, a companion ; consociatio, society; incantatio, enchantment, mian f. Sodalis. mnan f. Sodalitium, fellowship, mman f. Vibex, tumor livens, a contusion, a bruise in which the blood is collected. rmiDlDn f. p. Livores, the black spots of the leopard, so called from their resemblance to contusions, or bruises on the human body, mnnnnn f. Consociatio, fellowship. miDnn f. Junctura, a joining. V2n Ligavit, to bind ; alligavit, ob- ligavit, accinxit. man To be flat, or plain ; sartago, m. a frying-pan, or flat plate, mann Idem, the same. Jn Circularity of motion or F h)n 42 ^in form ; m. festum, a feast ; sacrificlum festi, a religious feast, because they who then celebrate it dance round in circles ; see, am. J»ijn m. Titubatio, a staggering, the consequence of being drunk at these feasts. 3Jn m. Cicada, locusta, a grasshopper, a locust; from the Arabic, njn To veil, because these insects are at times so plentiful as to veil the light of the sun as they fly along, jjpi the same as jn To celebrate a feast, &c. hence, run c:MJn m. p. Fissurae, openings for the circulation of air, &c. njn Cinxit, to gird, accinxit, accinctus fuit. nun m. Accinctus, bound ; also, mmJn f. Cingulum, a girdle. r~nJn» f. Cinctura, a belt, nnn "in To penetrate ; acutum esse, acui, to sharpen ; m. acutus, sharp, r— nn f. Idem, the same, in One, R. *inN. O^nn m. p. Acumina, stings, riin To brighten ; laetari, to rejoice, sing, nnn f. Laetitia, joy. Chald. nn ^-7n To make a hole, or opening, to suffer from a hole or wound; dolore aflPecit, to grieve ; dolere, parturire, to bring forth as in child- bearing ; to tremble as a woman in labour ; m. arena, sand, R. '-?n' To remain, sand, from its remaining in its place. "-?''n m. mb^n f Dolor, pain, rnbin f Dolorificum, very painful ; partm-iens, bring- ing forth. nbnSn f. Dolor vehemens, extreme pain. Din Pepercit, misertus fuit, to spare, to pity, ain m. Heat, 11. crttn also, brown. \'in r~\2>in Foris, foras, abroad, in opposition to be at home ; praster- qiiam, praeter, except. m"i:»'in m. p. Platea?, streets Avhich divide the houses in a town. iv^'Tl Exterior, exterius, without, or separated. pin m. Sinus, a bosom, R. pTl the same; Psalm Ixxiv. 11. mn Pale; albescere, to grow white; m. Chald. album, white; also, in Foramen, a hole which admits the pale hght ; p. liberi, children ; nobiles, nobles ; illustres, clari, great persons, &c. from the white robes they used to wear. \^}n Festinavit, to hasten ; m. thoughts, or agitated cogitations of the mind. ;^'n Cito, ready ; celeriter, quickly. O'arn m. p. Celeres. f^itn R. Tn To fasten ; Chald. vidit, aspexit, prospexit, to see, or fasten the eyes upon an object, to provide, or lay hold upon any thing ; hence, m*n To see, vidit ; m. videns, seeing ; propheta, a seer, or prophet ; provisio, a providing ; m. pectus, the breast of an animal, from its being so strongly fastened, or compacted ; p. mm iiin f. mtntt m. mtn Visio, a seeing, mino f Prospectus, a view; fenestra, a window, or medium of fastening the eyes upon external objects. Chald. N!iin rtiin Visio, a vision ; species, an appearance. TTn TVn m. Fulgetrum, nubes, a cloud, or rather light, R. in To indent, from its zigzag or indented appearance, ptn To bind hard ; vall- dum esse, to be strong ; roborari, bound hard ; lay hold, prehen- dit; apprehendit, to take; m. invalescens, healthy; validus, strong; fortis, brave, arising from strength; also, rnpin Firmitas, robur, sti'ength. nin To encompass, nnn m. Porcus, sus, a wild boar, from his round shape, arising from his corpulency, nn To catch hold ; m. a clasp, or hook; see r^'i'n. en To fasten; see oin. f^!2n Errare, to de- viate from; aberrare; peccare, to sin; m. mxton f. nKtOn Peccatum ; pu- nishment of sin, poena peccati ; sacrifice for sin, sacrificium peccati ; peccator, a sinner, or one who deviates from the command of God, which is the path of duty. Chald. vxtDn m. p. Peccatores, sinners. men f. Wheat, R. "en Chald. Tender, from its superior delicacy when compared with oats; or from eJn Protulit, to bring forth. Psalm Ixxxi. 17- Psalm cxlvii. 14. ren Amputare, to cut out, hew, as of wood, aen To restrain anger, or literally, to muzzle ; prolon- gavit, distulit. e]7:n Rapuit, to catch ; diripuit, to snatch, or take by force, nen To move this way or that way ; also, m. men Virga, a rod.; baculus, a staff, from their being easily moved. r~l'n Chald. NJ'n Vixit, to live ; revixit, to rejiair, or as it were, to live again ; £ Sn 44 ^in vivens, living; vita, life; animans, any tiling living ; bestia, a crea- ture ; fera, a wild beast ; ecetus, a company ; caterva, a band, from their living together, R. Arabic, 'in To be gregarious. Chald, '— jti m. Pain ; see ^in. >>5vn Knvn nvn Bestia, a creature, r^vn f. p. Vivaces, living creatures, vividoe; f. vita, life, mnn Villse, towns, from the beings endued with life to be found therein, m'rra f. Vic- tus, provision, or that which sustains life ; vitalitas, the principle of life, tt/'n Quickly ; see urin. Ti Vixit, to live ; vivens, living, vivum. H*'!! m. R. '— ?n' To remain ; also, *— ?n Robur, strength, from its con- tinuance ; virtus, bravery, from the strength displayed in the exercise of it; exercitus, anarmy, from their strength ; opes, wealth, or power, which riches give; propugnaculum, a fortress, or place of strength; antemurale, an outwork, yn m. R. rnvn To divide; paries luteus, a irud wall, from its dividing, or forming a division between places. p^n m. R. pn To describe, or to surround ; sinus, a bay ; gremium, a bosom, from their being surrounded. *]2n To scratch, "^n m. Pala- tum, the mouth, the palate, from its roughness, rn^n To wait, ex- pectavit; hamus, a hook, from its rough barb. ^2r^ m. Sparkling red. ""bibDn m. Rubicundus, very red. nib'b:3n f. Rubedo, redness. CD^n Sapere, to be wise, sapientem esse ; Chald. sapiens, wise. rnTDOn f. Sapientia, wisdom, ""jn To perforate, R. r~iSn. !*c;3n m. Liber, fi-ee; manumissus, set at liberty. r~l''"i£f£n f. Libertas. 35;n Csecidit, to cut; excidit, to cut out, hew. 3'^m2 m. Excisio, a dividing, or the divider. r~i!fn To divide asun- der, dimidiavit, divisit, distribuit; m. an arrow, a dart, from tlieir division of the body when the wound is inflicted. >i'n m. niifn m5»nn r-^^^*nn f. Dimidium, the half, from being divided, ivn To cherish, or defend ; also •A*in m. Brachium, the arm, from its power of defending the body ; a garment, from its cherishing, or warming the body ; the breast, or bosom, or the folds of dress covering it. fj^n Chald. Acceleravit, to hasten, y^fn Discidit, exscidit, to cut, di- vide ; m. sagitta, an arrow ; lapillus, a precious stone for cutting others. 0^:;i'ntt m. p. Sagittarii, archers. ni*n To surround, to con- fine ; c. more frequently f. atrium, an open court fenced around, but open at the top. Dni'n r~\invn Atria, vUlae, courts, villages, or rather tents, though fenced, yet at pleasure can be removed. n^Sk'n m. Gramen, grass; porrum, a leek. mV^kn f. Tuba, a trumpet, from their tubular form; p. tubicinantes, trumpeters. pn To de- scribe, mark, or trace out; a bosom, m. R. pTl. m. also mpn f. statu- am 49 npn turn, an appointment; decretum, a decree; pars statuta, the part, or portion appointed; modus, a measure, from its being appomted by a superior, for the regulation of an inferior, ripn Imprimere, to engrave; exprimere, to press, ppn Descripsit, to mark out; exaravit, sculpsit, to engrave, insculpsit, exsculpsit ; decrevit, to appoint ; p. m. statuta, decrees, npn Investigavit, to make diligent search ; scru- tatus est, to enquire ; m. pervestigatio, an enquiry ; a recess, from its difficulty of being explored, crnpno m. p. Pervestigationes, en- quiries, in m. A hole, or opening, R. mn. 3in To waste ; vastari, to destroy, consume, or ravage; to dry up, siccari, exsiccari; m. siccus, dry; desolatus, destroyed; siccitas, dryness; aestus, summer heat; de- solatio, desolation; f gladius, a sword; culter, a knife, from their power of destroying ; also, malleus, a hammer ; scalprum, a graving tool ; rutrum, a shovel, mann f. Siccitas, vastitas, destruction, de- solatio. CD^aunn m. p. Siccitates. Jin Horruit, contremuit, to shake, or quake with fear ; to tremble. *-7Jnn m. Locusta, a kind of locust, from jnn To shake, and ^n The foot, from the nimbleness of its motion. Tin Tremuit, to move quickly, to fear, to tremble, trepidavit, trepide cucurrit ; solicitus fuit, to be anxious ; m. tre- pidus, fearful. mnn f. Trepidatio, tremor, trembling; sollici- tudo, care, mnn To inflame, arsit ; exarsit ira, accensus fuit ira, to bum -nvith wrath, nn m. iEstus, heat, inn Adustum, burned ; ardens ira, burning with anger. Tin To put in order, dinn m. p. Torques, a necklace of pearls, a collar, from the order or regularity with which they are placed. tDin To work, or make into a long round form ; m. stylus, a pin to write upon wax tables, from its shape; m. p. cunn Loculi, female ornaments. Chald. c^itom m. Magus, a fortune-teller, from tiin A pen, and cz:n To perfect, that is complete, in drawing their diagrams and imfolding them. Chald. "jin To burn ; adussit, inussit, to singe, roast, ^-in To inclose. ='' Jin m. p. Clathri, grates ; cancelli, ballustrades, from their property of inclosing. '-?in '-?nn m. Urtica, a thorn, a thistle, a nettle, from nnn To be burned, and ^^h Sharp, from their shai-pness and fit to be biu-ned. am Total separation ; anathemati devovit, to curse ; con- secravit, to separate, or set apart ; devotum effecit ; m. anathema, a curse ; devotum, the thing set apart ; rete, a net, from its power of separating the fishes from their native element; to prohibit, or separ- ate; to forfeit, or lose by separation. =:nn m. Curtus membris, mutilated, maimed, who has entirely lost a limb, or some part of his G body ; simus, flat-nosed, ttrmn m. Falx, a sickle, from onn To se- parate, and r~Wl2 To remove ; from its cutting or separating the grain, onn A burning itch^, prurigo. r~iD"in m. Soi, the sun, from its warming power. r-i''D"in f. Solaris, pertaining to the sun. r|-in To strip, make naked, divest ; to reproach, or strip of honour, probro affecit ; hiemavit, to winter ; m. hiems, winter, or that season of the year in which the vegetable kingdom is stript of its foliage ; juventus, youth, or the autimin, being the time of the perfection of the fruits, and anciently the beginning of the year, rnsnn f. Probrum, dis- grace, yin To shorten, cut short ; praecidere, to move, or bring to a point, movere. ynn m. Excisus, cut off; sedulus, diligent, that is, cutting the busines short by activity ; tribula, a cart used for thresh- ing corn ; fossa, a pit, from its being cut, or dug ; aurum, gold, being foimd as it were cut in small masses ; a grape stone, from its being cut or mashed by pressing. :z!'i'nn m. p. Casei, cheeses, from being pressed; tribulae. Chald. Vi'nn m. p. Lumbi, the back, or loins, fi'ora Heb. i^bn the same. miDinn f p. Nexus, a binding ; vincula, chains ; from Y"*n A lump, or piece cut, and r~in5» To swell, from their knots or swellings. CD^Jlfnn m. p. Nuclei acinorum, the dregs, or refuse of grapes which have been mashed, or cut to pieces, as it were, by pressing. p-in Frenduit dentibus, to gnash, or crack with the teeth, mn Exarsit, exustus fuit, to burn, "iinin m. Inflammatio, inflammation ; febris ardens, burning fever, amn m. p. Siceitates, places parched, or burnt up with heat, crnn Silent thought, or at- tention ; to devise, fabricavit ; aravit, to plough, from tlie attention necessary to perform it well ; expressit, insculpsit, to engrave, or to make devices upon wood, brass, &c. machinatus est ; surdum agere, obsurdescere, tacere, to be silent; m. faber, a workman, artifex ; surdus, mutus, deaf, dumb ; silentium, silence ; aratio, ploughing ; sylva, a wood, or perhaps rather ground newly ploughed ; m. testa, an earthen pot, from being made by art. .""lU'in f. Fabrefactura, any thing formed by art. r~\"'iynn f Silens, still, ni^nnn f. Rutrum, a shovel, m'^nno f. Vomer, a ploiighshare, or coulter. r~\nn Exara- vit, insculpsit, to engrave, urn &c. to hasten, R. u^in. 2U!r\ To add, superadd, or number; putavit, to impute, or reckon to one; reputavit, to esteem, or make account as highly possible ; cogitavit, excogitavit, to think or reckon ; m. cogitans, thinking ; artifex, a workman, from the art which he displays ; angula artificiosa, a curious girdle, from the embroidery, or figures, added to it. iiatt'n m. Cogitatio, a series of thoughts; supputatio, a reckoning, ratio. m:3ttfn m. p. Idem, the same. rnD'jno m3"i:7nQ f- Cogitatio. r-\'£;n Forbearance of speaking or action ; silere, to be silent. Chald. n'jn Opus habuit, there is a necessity, minion f. Necessarium, necessity. -\wr\ To im- pede action, to restrain ; obscuratus est, obscurum esse, to darken ; m. also r~!D"i'n f. Chald. Njjtfrn Tenebrae, darkness. *]ii"n» Idem, the same; tenebricosus locus, a place dark, csoicn m. p. Obscuri homines, obscure mean persons. Chald. "—j^rn To wear out, debili- tai-e; debilitans, wearing out. C3''V*ynJ Debilis, weak, fatigued, tired. *— ?nu;n m. Pruna ignita, a lighted coal ; amber ; also a mixed metal of silver and brass, and gold, from Chald. wn: Brass, and '—jSn Gold, rovn m. Primas, a legate, a lord. Arabic u;)on Having many servants, and O'a^n Great, v^n To be rough, rugged ; m. pectorale, a breastplate, rugged, or rough, with the scales, or thin plates of metal, placed upon one another ; the ornament of the high-priest being rough with the twelve stones set in it. f]vn To strip, or make bare ; nudavit, to uncover, denudavit ; hausit, to draw water, from the un- covering of the place in which the fluid was. a'S'i'iC^n m. p. Greges nudi, rari, small flocks, from their pasture being bare, pa^n To con- nect, join, link together ; amare, to love ; desiderare, to desire, to cleave ; cingere, to surround ; m. desiderium, desire. CS'pVir^n m. p. Fasciae, cincturae, bands. CS'piyn m. p. Canthi, the spokes of a wheel connecting the nave and the ring. Tjn To collect. C3ni:?n m. p. Radii rotarum, the spokes of a wheel, being collected, as it were, in the centre. rn'nU'n f. Colligatio, a collection, as of water, wan To hasten; m. quisquiliae, the sweepings of a place ; gram en torridum, burnt grass ; gluma, chaff, from its being easily driven from place to place. r~\n To break in pieces, or hurried from place to place. nnn To keep fire alive, or burning ; capere, to take, rnnnn f. Acer- ra, a box for holding incense ; forceps, a pair of tongs for incense. •]nn Decisum est, to be decided, determined, cut out. ^r\n Fasciis involvit, to swaddle, or wind round. "-7i.nn m. ribnn f. Fascia, a swathe, a roller, ann Signavit, to close, to seal, obsignavit. CSimn m. i—iKJimn f Sigillum, a seal, vin To contract alliance by marriage, affinitatem inire; m. socer, a father-in-law; gener, a son-in-law; sponsus, a bridegroom. n:nn f. Socrus, a mother-in-law. r~unn f. Desponsatio, a betrothing; sponsalia, espousals. t]nn Rapere, to take away by violence ; m. rapina, plunder, prseda. nnn Fodit, to dig ; effodit, perfodit, to dig downwards, to plough ; remigavit, to row, to dig hard in rowing. r-nnn» f. Effossio, a digging, mnn To break, fregit; center i, to be worn; tereri, consternari, to be friglit- ened. mn nnn nnn r->'nn nnna f. Terror, dismay; consternatio, dread. O'nnnn Contritiones, sorrows. D Is the ninth letter, and sixth consonant ; it is a radical letter, except when it is used for n in the hithpael conjugation, of verbs beginning with i' as Tl32»n for '•\'^^r\n He has made himself to hunt ; the tO and :f being transposed. This letter is an aspirated dental. 3ND To be good. NJi3Kt3 Everrit, to sweep. J^axtatt m. Scopae, besoms. 30 To be good, R. ntO'- Pina Mactare, to butcher, to slay ; m. co- quus, a cook, or one who kills animals for food. OTiatO m. p. Satel- lites, attendants, or rather executioners, or slaughter-men. mnaio f. p. Coquge, female cooks. HDIO nDtOO mriDO f. Mactatio, a slaying. '"7313 Intingere, to dip, immergere. J7D:d Immergi, to sink as in wa- ter, submergi; infigi, to drive down ; figi, to swallow up. ni'DQ f. An- nulus, a ring into which the finger is put, or dipt. n3tD Swelling, m. December, on account of the swelling of the waters by the rains which fall in that season. rniD To decline, R. rntOJ. incj Purum esse, to be pure, clean. -nniD m. Mundus, clean; pure, purely, nna nnt2Q m. rnnto f. Mundicies, cleanness ; nitor, shining, arising from purity ; purgatio, cleansing, or approaching to purity. 3ia Chald. 3sa Bonum esse, to be good ; m, Chald. 313 Bonus, good ; pulcher, fair ; utilis, useful. m3it3 Bona, bonitas, goodness. 3Vii m. Bonitas, bonum, fit, pleasing, sweet ; these meanings are evident from the manner in which it was at first used by the sacred historian Moses, as recorded in the first chapter of Genesis : in that portion of the di- vine testimony it is employed by the Holy Spirit to denote that change which the chaos underwent when it was put into beauty, or- der, and usefulness, rnio Nere, to spin. mvoJD m. Netum, thread, from being spun. niD To cover ; levit, to anoint, or cover with oint- ment; oblevitj to plalster. n^U m. Tectorium, a plaister, or rough- cast upon the wall. mini3 f. p. Praecordia, the parts about the heart covering it; renes, the kidneys, from the parts which cover them. "-71U Ejicere, to cast out ; jacere, to throw, injicere, projicere, R. *^i3 To cast out. mtD m. Ordo, order, regular disposition, regularity, R. 112 Order, &c. Chald. m. a mountain, from its orderly disposition; a range, a row. miTtO f. p. Ordines, ranks. I£7lt0 R. U^tOJ To loose ; volavit, to fly, or let loose the wing. m?2 f. Chald. Jejunus, fasting. nt3 To overlay, R. mu. nniD To impel, or drive forward ; jaculari, to shoot, or dart, inu Moluit, to reduce to powder, to grind, com- moluit r-i:mo f. Molitio, digestion of food, mijnc Molares dentes, molitrices, grinders, so called from their office, csmnto m. p. Maris- cse, haemorrhoides, piles ; haemorrhoids, from Chald. nn*J Constrinxit, to press, or constringe as the piles do. »]00 To fix, fasten. miStOtD f. p. Frontalia, frontlets, that is, scrolls of parchment with portions of the law written on them, which the Jews were enjoined to bind on their foreheads; ornamenta, ornaments. I3't0 m. Lutvun, clay, the eai-th, mire, ^'to m. Chald. Lutum, n'to riT'tD f Palatium, from -\Q To order ; regularity ; a palace, from the regularity to be found in the palaces of royalty ; castellum, a castle ; arx, a tower. ^'^ R. SlB. N«bta f^ibtD Maculosum, spotted ; m. also mbto Agnus, a young lamb, so called from its being spotted. "-?Sd Tegere, to cover ; obtegere, Chald. from Heb. S'?i' the same ; obmnbrare, to darken. Sc To cast, or send forth ; m. ros, dew, which drops, or is cast down upon the earth, mbobu f Contectio, a covering ; projectio, an arch, porch, or something of that kind, which in its formation is thrown or cast by the artificer. ^<»•.D Immundum, to pollute, defile ; impurum, pol- lutum esse ; m. poUutus, defiled ; impurum, nasty. rnK»0 Impuritas, uncleanness; res immunda, a thing impure, po Abscondere, to hide. vnt3 m. Absconditum, hidden. ^intOO m. Thesaurus, treasure, which is usually hidden, or covered up. r^Jta m- Corbis, a basket, a vessel, a granary, or something containing fruits. «]ri3 Inquinare, fcedare, to be foul, or dirty, rnyo To seduce, or cause to err, errare. jDJ^ta Gustavit, to taste; m. gustus.a tasting; ratio, a reason; consi- limn, counsel; judicium, a judgment; sententia, an opinion, or m general a trial by experiment. Ci:"'Oyan m. p. rnir):;tDn f- p. Cupidia?, sapid, savoury meats, from their fine taste. "iV^ Confodit, to thrust through ; oneravit, to load, or prick or goad the beasts of burden. tp To be nimble, R. fpl. ^itD To be nimble ; m. parvulus, a child, Nt\1 m HDD from its nimbleiiess in walking. n-3iD To spread out, extend ; m. also nsita Palmus, the measure of a palm, or the hand extended; to stretch with the hands, palmis distendit; palmis gestavit, to carry with the hands ; educavit, to bring up. O'nsta m. p. Educationes, upbringing, as mothers do to their children, that they may go straight. nnsiDQ f. Ventrale, a kind of loose garment worn by women, H'StO Consuit, to sew ; concinnavit, to join, to forge, or join lies together. iDStO To make quiet, or reduce into order ; m. princeps, dux, a chief, a prince, or one who commands, or reduces into order. f|3ia or rp To be nimble ; m. parvulus, a little child ; incedere incessu parvulorum, to walk like children. -iSQ Chald. rsinsita Unguis, a nail, or claw, from Heb. '\D'i To move quickly, to rush hastily, as a bird upon its prey ; hence a naQ, or claw, with which they fasten upon their food or prey. C7£3U Obesari, pinguifieri, to become thick, or fat. -\2 R. lia Order. no to keep, R. ntOJ. into Assiduum, continuum esse in opere, impid- sive, impetuous, or continual ; Chald. to drive away, depellere. r~."iO nno f. New ; humidum, fresh, inflamed, purulent, nnto Laborare, to be weary ; fatigare se, to wear out one's self; m. fatigatio, weari- ness ; labor, fatigue, anio To fill, fill up ; ante, antequam, before ; that is, the time is filled up, or terminated ; necdum, nondum, not yet, or the time to be filled up. 2 Kings ii. Q. PjntD Rapuit, discerpsit, dilaceravit, to tear, or pluck, to hiuit, to prey ; m. raptum, torn ; de- cerptum, plucked ; folium, a leaf, from its being plucked ; rapina, plunder, or that which is torn from an enemy ; cibus, food, from its being torn by the teeth in eating; to feed, to nourish, to supper. msniD f. Laceratum, the thing torn; raptum, the thing seized. riD Chald. Jejunus, fasting, R. mita. Is the tenth letter of the alphabet; it is one of the servile letters, and is prefixed to the third persons masculine, futui'e tense of all verbs, and is then a contraction of the pronouns j>S'n The being, or person ; and a' for an They; as nps' He shall visit. npS' They- shall visit. It also forms some appellative nouns and proper names, being then a contraction of M'n That, or the ; and is perfectly the same with this use of the contraction in forming nouns, that Bishop Louth ob- serves concerning the English language, when he asserts tliat every word tliat makes sense after the definite article the, is a noun, as oipb' A sa-ip; from iDj?'? To collect. pn:»' Isaac; fi-om r~ipi' To laiigli. Inserted it forms many nouns, if inserted before the second radical, as, from m To breathe, comes nn An odour, or exhalation ; also, if after the second radical it forms many nouns, as n'!»p Harvest ; from nVip To cut down. It also denotes tlie hiphil conjugation, as ~\'>pBr\ He has caused to visit. Postfixed it denotes the name of a people, as, i'\2ff A Hebrew ; perhaps from O' the plural termination : also the ordinal nimibers, as '^jnjn Scientia. jnin m. No- tus, familiaris affinis, allied, or known by affinity ; cognatus, a relation. mjmo f. Cognatio, kindred; affinitas, alliance by marriage. iniD Quare, wherefore, a question, the answer of which should increase our knowledge. 'JJTT m. Ariolus, a soothsayer; sciolus, one who pretends to knowledge, rr m. R. TnTi To be ; Jah, the name of God, from his essence, an' Chald. Dare, to give ; tradere, to deliver up, to supply, an Da, give thou ; m. onus, a burden ; cura, a care. C^anan m. p. Dona, gifts ; donaria, supplies, or those things allotted to us. nn^ n'n^ m. R. mnn To heat, to burn; an-ogans, proud, or Dip'?"' 57 Q")^ burning Avitli pride. CSV m. Dies, R. a' Tumultuous motion, a day, from the tumultuous motion of the light or heat. ~r3r Interdiu, daily, or day by day. iv m. Ccenum, R. r~lJ' To press ; mud, from its pressure ; lutum, clay^ riJV f. A pigeon, or dove, because parti- cularly defenceless, and exposed to rapine and violence. uI:t^ Cogita- vit, to design, to think, "tv Armed, R. nJT To encompass, the body encompassed with defence. j7T' m- n;7T f- Sudor, R. i'T To move, agitate, sweat, from its being forced out of the body by motion, &c. "irr Adunare, to unite, to join; together, una. Tn"" m. Uni- ons, unigenitus, only-begotten, inn' niT Una, together ; simul, at the sain e time; pariter, equally. Sn' Exspectare, to wait; sperare, to hope. 'T'n'' m. Exspectans, waiting, mbmn f.'Spes, hope; exspec- tatio, a waiting upon. m»n' m. A buck ; see nrn. crr Calere, to be warm ; incalescere, to grow hot ; concipere, to conceive, to lust. riT^H' f. Indignatio, wrath, or indignation. r-WSn N^ttP f Chald. ^stuans ira, burning wrath ; venenum, poison, from its burning, or corroding na- ture. f]n' To have the foot or hoof smooth and worn by walking ; to go barefoot, discalceatus. wni To reckon up, according to genealogy, or family; m. genealogia, genealogy; genus, a family. Hithpael, U7n^"in Recenseri, to reckon up ; recensere per genus, to reckon by families. DC Bonum esse vel videri, to be or to appear good. 3"'t20 m. Bonum, good ; optimum, best. l" m. Vinum, R. r~iJ' To squeeze; wine, from its being squeezed from the grape. r\y To be plain, manifest, evident; disceptavit, to argue, or make manifest, to reprove; increpavit, dijudicavit, to discern, or judge between two. rnn^in nn^in f. Increpatio, a chiding, or blaming, correptio. ^y Chald. Posse, to be able; praevalere, to prevail. m^D' Potestas, poAver. *~?D'» Rivulus, a river, so small that it is able to be forded, lb' Ge- nerare, to procreate, or breed young; parere, to beget, or bring forth ; also "iSl ~\''h'' Natus, a son ; puer, a boy. T~rh'' Puella, a girl. mS' m. Natus recens, a new born child, or rather son. r"!!!*?' f- Ju- venta, youth, rrh f. Partus, a bringing forth. r~rh''i:i Obstetrix, a midwife. r-nbltJ f Nativitas, nativity ; cognatio, kindred. r~',n'7in f. p. Generationes, successive productions, or occiuTences. ']7' Ivit, to go ; abivit, to depart. '--?b>' Ejulavit, to cry, to shriek, to howl ; m. rnV"?' f. Ejulatus, howling, or crying ; m. an owl, froin its cry. "hhn Hei, alas ; vae, wo ; a particle of howling, or expressive of sor- row. P)V' To stick fast, mab' f. Scabies saniosa, a scab full of bloody matter, from its adhering to the skin. QipS' m. A bag, R. H n^:; ss topS tOpV. OO' Ci;'' To be tumultuous ; m. mare, the sea, from its tumul- tuous motion ; occidens, the west, or the Mediterranean sea, from its situation with regard to the land of Judea ; lacus, sive vas templi, a lake, or a vessel of the temple. 0"»' m. p. Muli, mules, or rather the name of a people ; also days, R. c:i\ V2' r O' To be steady ; f. dexter, a, um ; dextera manus, the right hand, from its constant em- ployment in work ; dexterum latus, the right side ; auster, the south, which, when one turns his face to the east, as it is probable om' first parents did, to behold the rising sun, would then be to the right; also days, R. Dr. ""JW' m. Dexter, the right. r-\^:n' f. in'n m. Auster, ventus australis, the south wind. VOTI Hiphil, Dexteram petiit, to desu'e the right hand, rnj^ Oppressit, to press, oppress, defraudavit. r~iJV f. Columba, a dove, because exposed to violence. ru^ To rest, to lay, posuit, deposuit, to place ; reliquit, to leave ; sivit, to permit. r~\n2 Depositum, the thing laid up. pj' Suxit, to suck. r~\pJ'53 f. Nutrix, a nurse, or one Avho gives suck, pjv m. Sugens, applied to plants, a young twig, mpjr f. Ramus, a branch, or sucker, mp'j'' f. p. Rami tenera, tender branches, tywy m. A night owl, R. ^V2. "ID^ Fundare, to found, to appoint, ordain ; consultare, to con- sult, to settle ; m. fundator, a founder, mo' m. miD' f. 1012 "1D173 m. niDIO f. Fundamentum, a beginning. ']D"' Ungere, to anoint, to smear over, or pour out as with the oil in anointing. s]D' Addere, to add ; adjicere, pergere, to hasten. -iD' Castigare, to chastise, to bind, to in- struct, or put under proper restraint, erudire. amo' Castigationes, discipline. niD' m. Eruditio, instruction by discipline, noitt m. Casti- gatio, eruditio. csnoio mnDin Vincula, chains, nj;' Condixit, to ap- point; constituitcertura locum vel tempus, to constitute or appoint a certain place or time ; desponsavit, to betroth, rmy f. Congregatio, conventus, an assembly ; solennitas, a yearly feast according to appoint- ment. mj7lO f. Conventus. rn^' To remove; everrere, to sweep away. Cy m. p. Scopae, shovels, or brooms, from their removing the ashes of the brazen altar of the tabernacle, or temple, on a heap, ly Ro- bore preditus, to strengthen ; m. fierce, strong, toi?' Amicire, to cover; Chald. consulere, to counsel ; from Heb. yj?' To counsel, rcy^ Con- silarii, counsellors. ^ Lassum esse^, to be weary ; to dissolve, melt, dissipate, defatigari; m. lassus, weary; fessus, fatigued; m. lassitudo, weariness. msyin f. p. Lassitudines. yj?' Consulere, to advise, to propose, con- silium inire. yi^' Consilarius, a counsellor, myy f. Consilium, an advice, nviyio f. p. Consilia. mpy m. Fraudulent, R, apj; Jacob. ny^ m. Sylva, R. rnn;; To bare, to empty, a forest ; favus sylvestris, a honey comb emptying, or pouring out of honey, a wood, or rather a marsh where trees and plants flourish, or where they are diffused, or poured out. r~i3' Pulchrum esse, to be fair, beautiful ; m. pulcher, fair, r— i^S-n3' Speciosissima, very fair. ''S'» m. Pulchritudo, beauty. nS' Anhelare, to breathe ; suspirare, to moan, or pant ; m. spirans, breathing; conflator, a puffer. j;3' Splenduit, to irradiate; illuxit, to shine fca-th. rnj73' f Splendor, shining ; lux, light. nS' To en- tice, to persuade, r~\2^'0 m. Prodigium, a wonder ; ostentum, a sign or prodigy, or persuasive fact, or event. K^' Exire, to go out ; to be born, prodire. N5i' m. r~\i"i Timuit, to fear; reveritus est, to be feared; m. timens, fearing; timidus, afraid. r~i.NT f. XiiD miiQ m. Reverentia, dread ; timor, fear, sacred, nn' Descendit, to descend. nniJD m. Descensus, agoing down; locus de- clivis, a steep place. r~n' To direct, to shoot, to cast, jecit, dejecit; jaculis petiit, to throw the dart ; docuit, to instruct ; instituit, to ap- point as a law. miv m. Pluvia tempestiva, the former rain, from its causing the corn to shoot, rniin f. Doctrina, lex, a law, from its teaching and directing the people. TW Chald. m. Lima, the moon, or rather the light of the moon ; mensis, a month, or the revolution of that luminary. t3T Declinavit, to pervert; divertit, mislead, '-['v Extended in length. r~l3">'' f. Femur, the thigh, or rather the thigh bone, from its length; latus, the side, from its extension, jn' Broken, afflicted, grievous ; malum esse, is bad. rnj;n'' f. Auleum, a curtain, a distinct or separate piece of cloth, or stuff used in forming a tent, or tabernacle, pn' Spuit, exspuit, to throw out something liquid, or moist, to spit ; m. olus, the moist tender shoot of a plant, or tree ; vi- riditas, greenness; olus viride, green herb. p^'V Idem, the same. ^ipi' m. Rubigo, a mildew, a disease of corn; aurigo, a disease, a sallowness, a yellow livid paleness, p'^p'^'' m. Subviridis, intensely green, inclining to yellow. Psalm Ixviii. 1 4. U^n' Possedit, to inherit, possess ; to disinherit, possessione expulit, or cause another to possess ; depauperavit, to make poor, rntt?-)' f nc?-nn ona; m. Possessio, a possession; haereditas, an inheritance. U^ITH m. Mustum, new wine, from its strong intoxicating quality, taking, as it were, posses- sion of the drunkard. 2V Sedit, to sit; habitavit, to dwell, niansit. "inpi3 61 nri^tr r~iD^U^ f. Sessio, a sitting; residentia, a staying. 3!ffin m. Habitatio, a dwelling. 3a?in Inquilinus, incola, a sojourner. T^V '»£'' tt^N Est, is ; sunt, are. r^'Jin f- Essential, essence ; virtus, bravery, or worthy of existence ; lex, a law, sapientia, wisdom, nv To abase, bow down ; m. depressio, a bearing down. v>Vi Porrexit, extendit, to stretch, to ex- tend, ac?' Desolatus fuit, to be desolate. ?inu;' m. Solitudo, a Avaste, desert, wilderness, 'iv Dormivit, to sleep, obdormivit; inve- terascere, to grow old, or approaching death; m. dormiens, sleeping; vetus, old. rnj"*:?' f. r~iJ^ Somnus, sleep, yij?' Salvavit, to save, ser- vavit; m. also my^i:?' ni7wr\ f. Salus, safety; auxilium, help. r~\ij?"itfi73 f. p. Salutes, health, s]!:;^ rnStt?' m. Jaspis, onyx, jasper; from Chald. nSC^ To wear down, from its power of wearing down other stones on account of its hardness. ~w Rectum esse vel videri, to be or to seem straight ; dirigere, to direct ; complanare, to make plain ; m. rectus, straight ; equus, equal, or right ; rectitudo, rectitude; equitas, equity. "iWtt Idem, the same ; planicies, a plain, a place straight. anUf'Q m. p. Rectitudines, recta, things straight. \i;v< U7Vjj;< m. Decrepitus, old, or one who has existed long ; from u;' Exist- ence, n' Chald. article of the accusative case, nn' D'H^ Chald. Se- dit, to sit; mansit, habitavit, to dwell, in' To thrust; f. Paxilus, a stake; clavus, a nail, from being thrust, or driven. uTH'' Din' m. Pupillus, an orphan ; Arabic, single, solitary, a child deprived of pa- rents, nn' To exceed; to leave, reliquum fecit; abundavit, to abound; excellentem fecit, to excel; m. residuum, the remainder; excellentia, ex- cellence ; restis, a cord ; nervus, a string, from its power of extension. inv Excellentia, excellence ; emolumentum, profit, or that which re- mains to us ; magis, plus, more, nnn' f. Residuum, the remainder. ^nn' nniQ Emolumentum, praestantia, excellent things, mnv f Re- ticulum hepatis, the caul of tlie liver, or the redundancy of it. CDnn'n Funes, ropes; nervi, strings. Is the eleventh letter of the alphabet ; this is one of the serviles ; when prefixed it signifies, as, or like as, as it were ; it is then a contraction of mD Thus ; as here ; when used as an affix to a noun it means, thine ; to a verb, thee, as "j-im Thy word, -jips He has visited thee. nr\:i 62 dno :iND To mar, or spoil ; dolere, to grieve, the consequence of being spoiled ; dolore affici, to be affected with grief; also DlXDO m. Dolor, pain, sorrow, sorrowful. riNJ To bruise, attrivit; m. attritus, worn, af- flicted, the consequence of being bruised. mSDJ f. Attritus, aeger, sick, from ill usage. O'XDJ m. p. Attrita. VXD As if nothing, R. VK. INJ To pierce, to penetrate, R. nx A lion, from its power. n33 Grave esse, pondere, to be heavy, weighty ; m. gravis, heavy ; numer- osus, many; dives, rich; jecur, the liver, from the weight of thatvis- cus, or part of the body ; gravitas, weight ; multitudo, a great num- ber; copia, plenty. r-n33 Gravitas, gravity. IIDD m. Honor, re- spect ; gloria, renown. r~n30 f. Honorata, respected ; gravamen, a grievance, najj Honoratus, honorabilis, honoured, worthy of ho- nour. nDD Extingui, to extinguish. ""733 To bind; m. compes, fetters, from their binding. D33 Lavit, abluit, to wash. D313 D33D m. Fullo, a fuller, or washer. J733 To stop, keep off. i73"i3 m. Ga- lea, a helmet, from its power of defending the head. -i33 Multipli- care, to multiply ; a particle, jam, now, or already ; time past, or fu- ture. "^^33 n'3X3 m. Validus, strong, from number ; pulvinar, a bol- ster of a bed, or a kind of network. m33 n33TD m. cribrum, a sieve, or gauze, from the many holes in it; m. stragula, carpets, hangings, from the many devices or figures upon them ; f. milliare, a mile, or a thousand paces; jugerum, an acre, or rather a good way, or distance. Uf33 Subigere, subjugare, domare, to tame ; m. clivulus, a side of a hill, a foot path upon which we tread ; m. ovis, a sheep ; agnus, a lamb, from their subdued disposition. ys;2:3 Fornax lateraria, a fur- nace, or rather a lime-kiln, wherein stones are subdued by the force of fire, to a yielding friable substance. n3 To propel, shoot, or dart forth ; f. a cask, a pitcher whence the liquor is propelled, or emptied into another vessel. 313 Chald. Mentiri, to lie, to fail. Chald. rn3n3 f. Mendax, a liai*, or one who fails in telling truth. "n3 Arabic, To dart forth, ino m. Scintilla, a spark, from its darting forth; pyropus, a precious stone, from its sparkling, or flashing. "n3 Arabic, To be turbid. "^^-^3 nilO m. Pila, a ball ; pilata acies, a line of battle armed with missive weapons, military tumult, an at- tack, onset, charge. mn3 f. Restriction, constriction, contractum, contractio ; caligare, to darken or contract the eyes ; contrahi, stringi. rugari; hence rno a particle of restriction; sic, thus, ita; hic> here; hue, hither. *-?n3Chald. Posse, is able; potens, powerful. r^D To strike, R. riOJ. ino Sacerdotem agere, to minister ; m. sacerdos, a priest ; prefectus, a prince, from their office as ministering for the benefit of others in the exercise of their duty. Chald. {s^jjno rnJilD f. Sacerdotium, the priest-office, rno Uri, aduri, to burn ; hence Chald. ^jib3 Career, a prison. mV3n f. Caula, a sheepcote, from its resti*aining or shutting up the cattle. ui:'xS3 m. d. Heterogenea, different kinds of eai'th. 3^3 To clap close to- gether ; m. canis, a dog, from the fast hold of his teeth, and tena- ciousness in biting. 31*73 Corbis, a twig basket, from its holding its contents; cavea, a cave, from its containing its possessors. r~i'73 To- tality, completion, to finish, also to pluck out. Psalm Ixxiv. 11. ab- solvi, finiri, to consume, consumi; deficere, to fail; confidere, to trust; exspectai'e, to wait; m. deficient ; f. n'b3n f- Perfectio, complete; finis, the end. ivS3 Consumptio, a wasting; consummatio, completion. "hli Vas, a vessel finished for the use of man; instrumentum, an in- strument. r~iV'73 f. Renes, the kidneys, so called from their prepar- ing the urine for excretion. nb3 Arabic, To be of a crabbed, wrin- kled countenance ; m. senium, senectus, old age. H>b3 Perfecit, to perfect, absolvit; m. ^"hj Perfectum, finished; absolutum, released; totum, altogether ; holocaustum, a sacrifice which is entirely burnt on the altar. T'hD f. Sponsa, a bride, or one whose betrothing is com- pleted ; nurus, a son's wife. rmbV'?3 f. p. Sponsalia, the espousals. *— ?3 Omnis, all, omne, totum, universum, not deficient. '^l'73n *^V3» m. Perfectio, being completed. czh2 To confound; erubescere, to shame, r— \Qb'3 n"i»'73 f. Ignominia, pudor, shame. f]hD To impel, urge, niabo f. p. Mallei, hammers, from their power of breaking, &c, r~V2D To be warm or hot with desire ; desiderare, to desire. T)G3 To gather or compress into a roundish form, mo Cingula, pendula, vel bidlata muliebra, a girdle, bracelet, necklace, from their com- nbo:^ 65 103 pressing, tod As, R. TO. ^D3 To hide, lay up ; m. cyminum, cum- min, from its being laid up. CJTIJQ m. p. Recondita, thesaui'i, treasure, from being hoarded or laid up. d»3 Recondere, to depo- site, to lay up. nOJ To convolve, conti'act, contrahi, to yearn as the bowels do in compassion, as it were, rolled together ; aestuare, to heat, or be shrivelled or contracted by heat, to blacken, or be scorched ; calefieri, or contracted. anOD m. p. Sacrificuli ati'ati, certain offi- cers in the idolatrous worship, from their being scorched by their fires in performing the rites of their religion, idolatrici. onnori m. p. ^stus, thick convolved darkness, even to blackness, nigridines. -iniir) ITODO m. r~\-\K0O f Rete, a net; rete jaculmn, a net drawn together. p R. 10 To make ready, to fit, adapt ; hence r~tJ3 f. A plant, a vineyard, from its being adapted to the soil. nJD Cognominare, to surname ; titulo appellare, to compliment by way of flattery. mJD f. Chald. Societas, a company surnamed from some person. i>Jt)J3 Chald. Hu- jusmodi, of this kmd, of p Thus, and t
<'? Xib. Chald. r~h Non, not, from defect or negation of something positive. j Chald. Quamobrem, wherefore ; nisi, un- less ; pr^terquam, besides, pn'? Increasing, growing ; also rnpn'? f. Coetus, a concourse of people, to assemble, or gather together, mi"? To join, add, associate, to borrow, or join one's self to a person by borrowing ; to lend, or allow a person to borrow from us : as a parti- ticle, iS KiS Utinam, O that; quaeso, I pray; fortassis, perhaps, all expressing the adhesion, attention, or cleaving of the mind to any ob- ject. NJib Not without, from >.5V Not. i'h from Arabic, ilb Deep ; m. sextarius, a measure of liquids, from its depth, rn^lb f. Adjunc- tio, a joining, mvb f. Adjectiones. ^n"'')'? Leviathan, balaena, a great fish, from ^iS Coupled, and m A large serpent. I'h Levi, Levi- ta, Levi, a Levite, hence the mother of Levi, when he was born, said that now she would be joined to her husband. I'h Decedere, rece- dere, to turn aside, to depart ; m. corylus, the hazle, or nut tree, from its flexibility, or readily turning any way. r~\iTS f. Pravitas, perver- sion, or turning from the path of duty, flbj m. Perversus, froward. mb Smoothness ; m. tabula, a table, from its smoothness. IDI*? Operi- re, obvolvere, to cover, to hide, abscondere ; m. Stacte, the purest kind of myrrh ; mastiche, a kind of gum. toV m. Absconsio, hiding. Ca'? D'^tanb m. Incantationes, conjuring secrets, or tricks, ^h To wind, or deviate, hence also CD^biV Cochleae, shells, from their wind- ing form, msb'? f. p. Laqueoli, loops, or ouches, from their wind- ing form. '— ?ib m. A winding stair. K^iV ^blb particles, vmless, from f^'? m. R. W*? To wind, or turn; nox, the night, from its deviating or be- ing different from the day. Chald. >.J''S''S Idem, the same. r~\'b>^'? f. Strix, a screech owl, or bird for the night, hence to make to howl, or to waste. Psalm cxxxvii. 3. "vh m. R. vb To knead, or trample upon; leo vetus, an old lion, from his trampling upon his prey, "f? R. •]Sn To walk. ir)b Capere, to take, occupare ; m. captura, a catching, as of prey. mriSo f. Decipula, a trap, a gin. nab To accustom discere, to learn ; docere, to teach ; that is, accustoming ourselves or others to acquire knowledge ; also ittb For them, see TO. "ItoS Doctus, taught; eruditus, skilled; assuetus, accustomed, n^bn m. Discipulus, a scholar. "toStd m. Stimulus, a goad or stimulus, by which cattle are accustomed to labour. »S To stay, R. rh. nyb To laugh, mock, subsan- nare. jj;S Irridere, idem, the same ; subsannatio, a mocking; subsamia- toi-, a mocker. lyS fpiS m. Barbarus, foreign; barbari sermonis, of a foreign tongue ; f. b Of, and ;y Violence, alluding to the violence of the Egyptians to the children of Israel. U^jS To swallow down eagerly, to taste ; gustare, to eat. ipS To reject, detest, r-ljyb f. Absinthium, wormwood, so called because animals reject it; bitter. tp m. A scab, R. ep\ 13^ ^.3^7 m. Lampas, taeda, a torch, a fire- brand ; perhaps the ideal meaning is to shine. msS To turn aside, hue et illuc vertere se, apprehendere^ to lay hold ; complecti, to em- 2y 72 yh brace, vh R. yiV To scorn, npb Capere^ to take ; receive^ accipere ; auferre^ to remove; sumere, assumere; m. disciplina, doctrina, or per- suasive speech. npb» m. Captura^ any thing taken by violence; fauXj the jaws, which take hold on food. CTTipbo m. d. Forceps, tongs, so called from taking hold. np?3 m. Acceptio, a taking or re- ceiving, ninpo f. p. Merces venales, things to be received for use, wares, merchandise, top'? Colligere, to glean, or pick up ; m. CoUec- tio, a gathering or picking up ; spicilegium. icipb" m. Pera, a scrip, or satchel, into which things are gathered, pph Lambit, linxit, to lap, to lick. pS' m. Locustae species, a kind of locust, from its lick- ing, as it were, and destroying vegetables, 'iff^h Colligere seros fruc- tus, to gatlier the late grapes, vindemiare ; m. fsenum scrotinum, after or late grass. "i^npSa m. Pluvia serotina, latter rain, so named from the time of falling being late, urb To knead, R. u;iV. y^h m. Humor, wet, moist, liquid, radical moisture ; from the Arabic, nob To suck, y^^ mDiyV f Cubiculum, a chamber ; cella, a room. :^\t;h m. from Ethio- pic, anb To bruise ; n being changed to ur. Cyanus, vel topazius lapis, a kind of precious stone, a ligure, from its hardness. wV To turn about; calumniari, to calumniate, lingua detrahere. yiwh c. more frequently f. Lingua, a tongue, from its great power of motion ; ser- mo, a speech ; slander, because it is spoken with the tongue ; a wedge of gold, from its being of the form of the tongue, nnb Arabic, To make to adhere; hence ;— innSn f. Vestiarum, a wardrobe, or the place of clothes wliich adhere to our body, in"? m. Semihomer, half an homer, from Syriac, ']rh To agree, because there ought to be a harmony among all the measures, ^rh Commoli, to break, grind, pull out, grinding the teeth, mij^nbtt f p. Molares dentes, the grinders. D Is the thirteenth letter, is a servile; it is prefixed from r~i:o To distribute, and then signifies, from, by, of, at, near or near to, against, for, on account of, between, before, after, besides, towards. It fonns the participles of hiphal, huphal and hithpael ; it forms many nouns signifying the instrument, means, or place of action, perhaps from rron Multitude, (see Simon's Lexicon.) as «n A shield, from oj To pro- tect : it is prefixed to the infinitive, as np£J52 From visiting ; it also marks a simple degree of comparison, as CJ^j-jn rn»3n rnaio Good is wisdom before pearls, that is, better than pearls. It is also postfixed, from Cn Their, to a noun, as o~iD1 Their word ; to a verb, them, as oipS He has visited them ; with i forms some nouns, as Sin-j Redemption ; also some adverbs, COM Daily, or day by day, Psahii i. 2. C2'Di3N» m. p. Granaries, R. dids. ikq Valde, very strong; ve- hementer, keenly; vehementia, force, or might; vehementissime, very keenly; to be strong, copious, always. DlNtt m. A fault, R. Gi». a"iXO m, p. Desire, R. ;— iix. -nxtt m. Light. rrnXTS f. A den, &c. R. niK. r~isa To extend, dilate ; Chald. centum, a hundred, tkq Thence, R. TK- CD'JIKn m. p. Scales, R. VK. DTiNO m. p. Two hundred, from the number being extensive. C^CNO m. p. Fortifica- tions, R. ycK. "inxo m. A speech, R. n»s. c^Ktt m. dxo m. r-i?2ixa f. Sometliing, from the Arabic, C21X To evaporate as smoke. VXTO From nothing, R. VK. H^JKO m. Food, &c. R. H'JX. iNn Chald. Vas, a vessel, from the Hebrew, rnjtt To distribute, because vessels are em- ployed in distributing what they contain. ^N» Renuere, to refuse, despise ; m. renuens, despising. r~iS«?3 f. Boiled or baked, R. r-;SK. "^3X73 m. Darkness, R. *~7£)K. DXn from Arabic, To be dilated, as a wound ; spernere, to despise ; aversari, to reject as vile, as a wound, to melt. Psalm Iviii. S. perhaps for ott. "iXtt To grow sore again ; pungere cum dolore, to rankle, to fret, to prick, is stubborn, or is not easily healed, anxa m. Snares, R. D-ix. m-iNTin Dolorifica, causing much pain; pungens, pricking. K13» f. Entrance, R. f^ID3. ID370 m. Expectation, R. tD33. n03O m. Faith, R. ntD3. r~\T33?3 f. The firstborn female, R. -i33. ""^isn m. A deluge, R. ^-73:. "'ni7b'30 Except, &c. R. jjSs. r-i:3n f A building, R. n:3. nif 30 m. A fortification, R. n:;3. C2"'m3n m. p. Fugitives, R. m3. CUr3tt m. p. The pudenda, R. ;:n3. "^ty3r) m. p. Things baked, R. ^VZ. JO To dissolve, Psalm Ixv. 1 1 , R. jto, rmS3Jn f. p- Bounds, R. H3J. r~iij?3an f. p. turbans, R, j;33. IJO To excel, exceed in glory, praise, or honour; m. pretiosum, res pretiosa, any precious thing. '-?"1JQ m. A tower, R. "-^IJ. mijnJO f. p. Fructus pretiosi, valuable produce. nuQ m. Fear, &c. R. mj. rm?Jtt f. A saw, &c. R. niJ. nSjtt HiJO m. R. H»J Rotundity of motion, or form ; falx, a sickle, from its round form ; facula, a little torch, perhaps from its shape. K DID 74 nS:iD mbJO f. A volume, R. W*?:. r-i«Jt5 f. Absorption, &c. R. NJQJ. «» m. A shield. r-iJJO f. A covering, R. «. ^Jtt To pour forth with profusion ; tradere, to deliver up. r~i:Jtt f. Tradition, that which is handed to us from our ancestors. m£)J?0 f. A stroke, R. f\i:. ry\^':'0 f. Rebuke, &c. rm:;ijn f. Contractions, &c. R. "lyj. "iJtt Dejicere, to throw down ; detrudere, to fall, destroy. r^.siJQ f. A turf, R. fpi. mnjo f. A saw, R. -nj. mnjo f. p. Lurking places, R. nnj. U'lJO m. Expulsion, &c. R. u?"i:. ^«!^3^» f. An altar, R. nsn. iDnn m. A desert, R. -im. r-i3in f. Golden, &c. R. mm. i-m Metiri, dimetiri, to measure. ID m. Mensura, a measure ; vestis, a garment, commen- surate with the body. r~nQ f. Mensura, dimensio, a share ; tributum, a share or measure of the produce of the land for tribute. Chald. also r~nJO f Tributum. ci'nnn m. p. Repulses, R. m:. |"n» m. Mensura. CDnoo m. p. Mensurae, measures. r^^^'^^D m. Languor, R. nn. nJnn f. A mortal-, R. "]n. ^ntJ m. Contention. n:n» f. A province, R. ^n. nno m. Chald. A habitation, R. -nn. mmo m. Impulse, R. mm. riismTD f. p. Precipices, R. tpl. mjmtt f. A dunghill, R. yqi. mpna f A stab, R. npn. r-iJm f. A step, &c. R. Jin. "im» m. A trampling, &c. R. yn. ©-no m. A conimentary, &c. R. tt^m. r~li:?"lO f. Trituration, R. V^1. mn Quis, quae, quod, who, which, what; a word of extensive use, when any of the single letters, as particles, are prefixed, as mnb> For why, or wherefore ? mn2 How long? mTsSi; On what account.^ &c. mno Morari, to de- lay, tarry by asking questions, ma What ; c. H'no Miscere, to min- gle. Sinn Mixtum, mingled. m»in» f. Noise, &c. R. C2in. *iSno ra. A way, R. "-pn. SVno m. Praise, R. Sbn. minbnn f. p. Contu- sions, R. aVn. r-\non7D f. p. Ditches, R. nan. mi^snn f. Subver- sion, mosno f. Strokes for punishment, R. "jsn. mij?:fpn f. p. An- gles, R. yvp. nn?2 To haste, hasten; dotare, dotem constituere, to endow, or to give a dowry, from its going before, and hastening the marriage; festinare, accelerare; m. festinus, in haste; festinanter, hastily ; dos, a dowry. TPin m. Festinus, also rash, foolish, because precipitate or hasty. r~^'iSnnn f. p. Sports, &c. R. HtiH. 170 is a syllable expletive postfixed, and when it has any meaning it is a pro- noun, as loS For them ; it appeal's to be the remains of an old pro- noun, for the most part obsolete, or not used, R. mm. Jin Dissolvere, diffluere, liquefieri, dissolve, melt, liquify, mn m. R. mnn To wipe clean or smooth ; medulla, marrow, brain, from its filling and wiping out, as it were, the different interstices of the body ; fatlings. uin Movere, to move, stagger ; nutare, to fall, declinare ; m. dimotio, a removing ; vectis, a lever or pole to carry things between two ; ju- givm, a yoke ; temo, a beam, or cross bar of the yoke. >:'pin m. A snare, R. u?p\ r~ipy"i?3 f Construction, R. pii?. p^'o Contabescere, to waste, mo To be bitter, disagreeable to the taste ; mutare, to change, or make one to change from its bitterness ; m. myrrha, myrrh, from its bitter taste. r~ninn f- Commutatio, a change, or alteration. DlI/iQ m. A habitation, R. ys;\ j—iiynu^io f p. Deliverances, R. ^^\ tt^lTD Recedere, to remove from place to place, R. r~TJ» Dimoveri, amoveri ; Palpare, to sooth ; contrectare, to touch, from '<:;-jcn. csncnn m. p. De- sirable things, R. nnn. '-jrno m. Indulgence, R. ^T^n. n^kOnn f. Fermentation, R. Y^n. r~i:no c. A line of battle, R. nJH. pjna m. Strangulation, R. p:r\- rnonn m. A refuge, R. r~iDn. crsDnQ m. Round, R. P|Dn. mono m. Want, R. ion. \nKi To wound, dip, or imbrue ; frangere, to break ; percutere, to sti'ike, intingere. D:;nu m. A cutting off, R. Dvn. rn^no f. The half, R. r-\)£r^. Y:»'nn m. An arrow, R. y^n. li'ntt m. Sounding the trumpet, R. -li'n. pHQ To cut ofiF; abscindere, to take away, shave; abradere. ipno m. An investigation, R. ipn. ino To exchange one thing for another; m. also mnno Posthac, hereafter ; eras, to-morrow, or time exchanged for this day; hence n'rin m. Pretium, the price, or that which is exchanged for any other thing ; riches, r— ittrnnn f. A pick-axe, &c. R. unn. r~i3"yi;nn f. Thought, R. 3'jn. t]i£^nn m. A making bare, R. «iu;n. r-\nnn» f. A digging, R. nnn. r-ijino f. Terror, R. r-\nn. Ktsn To come to, or upon; advenire, to approach; pertingere, to reach to. Chald. mtjn Idem, the same, c R. mio: To stretch ; a bed, from the person stretching himself upon it ; a staff, from its being stretched out for the support of man ; a yoke, or the stretch- ing bars of a yoke ; a tribe, or family, from their extension ; to come, or bend one's self towards a place. n3U» m. A slaying, R. ntoa. nniOO m. Pure, R. -in*J. liOn Demoveri, to slide, or slip, dilabi. ^\2i2 Arabic, To hammer, forge; m. H'CQ Vectis, a bar, from its being forged; palus, a stake of metal. ^ir*.:» m. A treasure, R. vcv- CCjnan m. p. Immoderate desires, R. CDyt2. nnston f. An apron. R. nSD. mnon f. A prison, &c. sj-ots the same, R. ito:. yT» m. Kuown. jni3 Chakl. ynjn m. Knowledge, y-nri m. Relation, &c. jmo Wherefore, R. yr- 3«2'n m. Good, &c. R. 3D\ ^J'O m. A brook, R. Sj'. rmh''0 f. A midwife, R. ^b^ np:'n f. A verse, R. pr. 'Q Quis, quae, quod vel quid, v.'ho, which, Avhat. czi^n 'n m. Aqua, water, R. C3' To be tumultuous, as the great water, or the sea is oftentimes. v» m. R. r" i:q To distribute; species, a kind, from the distribution or classing of the objects, y^tt m. Pressura, pressure. a'K'^^O m. p. Descendants, &c. R. >^i:\ nwo m. Equity, R. nu/'. "in'» m. A nerve, R. nn'. yo m. Pressor, a squeezer ; chaff, fi-om its being pressed from the straw, R. r~l^Q To squeeze, &c. p>» To melt, R. p» To be dissolved. ■]» To decay, R. -|in hence "[Dtt Atte- nuari, to decay, to be depressed. nOJD Vendere, to sell; tradere, to deliver up; m. venditio, a selling; res venalis, a thing which may be sold; pretium venditionis, the price of selling. r~noD f. Negotiatio, traffic. r~»n3» f. p. Pactiones, bargains. -i::aQ m. r~n3X;» f. Vendi- tio, a selling. 31K2Q m. Pain, R. 3KJ. DDJO m. A washing, R. D23 n23» m. A sieve, &c. R. -i33. rnon f. Burning, R. mo. lOn m. A seat, R. ^O- rnb^O f. A sheepcote, R. r-hj. ^'73?3 m. Perfection, R. "-7'73. roD'O m. A treasure, R. ra2. nj:373 m. A net, R. "iTiD. 7~iD3» f. A number, R. DD3 also a covering, R. r~iD3. rnSsott f. Du- plicity, R. '-73D. nn^n m. A grove, R. m^. ""T'WDQ m. An of- fence, &c. R. ^VD. p(^i:2'Q m. A fortuneteller, R. fyjjD. 3n3tt m. Written, R. 2r\3- nWS! f. A contusion, R. mn2. U?n30 m. A mor- tar, R. ttrno. "^n To circumcise, R. "-tjic. kSo Plenum esse, to fill ; implere, to be full ; impleri ; m. plenus, full ; also V'jn Plenitudo, a fullness ; multitudo, a great numbei*. Nnb>73 m. Munitio, a strong place, or full of strength for defence. nxVa f. Impletio, a filling, as of the wine press, ^xbo m. A messenger, &c. R. "^vh. I3^n m. An oven, R. pb. tt^abo m. A garment, R. lynS. 'rh'O m. An inn, &c R. yh. nStt To dissolve ; m. Chald. sal, salt, from its being easily dis- solved ; salivit, to salt ; evanescere, consumi. mSo ra. Herba salsila- ginosa, herbs abounding with salt. r~in'7?3 f. Salsugo, a salt liquor found at the bottom of salt pits. cri^nSo m. p. Evanidae, frail gar- ments ; nautEe, sailors, men of the salt water. rn^inVn f. War, R. Z2rh. T-\):'D rr^Dhn f. A snare, R. '[:h. lb» Regnare, to reign; m. Chald. rsJ^Sn Rex, a king. rn^Vtt Chald. rsJnT?« f. Regina, a queen. Mobn Con- silium, counsel; also O^Vn Molech, an idol of the Ammonites. nDiSo mob» nDbco f-iob»» f. Regnum, a kingdom. r-noSo rrijSno plural. ^Vtt To separate ; loqui, to speak, signifying to se- parate sounds distinctly. m"7» f. Verbum, a word ; sermo, a speech. r^lSV^72 f. p. Spicae, ripe ears of corn which are separated, as it were, into a number of cells, or grains, mbi^ttbo f. High, R. mby. icbn m. A stimulus, R. I'd?- ybtt Smoothness; dulce esse, to be sweet, or pleasant. yj'h'Q m. Promus, a steward or clerk of the kitchen ; it is conmionly reckoned a proper name, Buxtorf. pbo To wring off, break the neck ; ungue secuit, to break the claw ; discerpsit, to pluck or tear in pieces. npb» m. A seizing, R. npV. •»:'ipb» ra. Late rain, K. vpb. mynbtt f. p. The molares, or grinders, R. ynb. Ctt m. A fault, R. Ci:iT2. r-^nson Painful, R. nxc c=!nn» m. p. Measures, R. mn. u3'Nn»» m. p. Medullary substances, R. nm. CD^nstJO m. p. Deaths, R. r~\^'^2. nr-O ni. Spurious, R. niQ. n^no m. A selling, R. -|D». r~\3Snn f. A kingdom, R. 'f^'a. *]Dnn m. A drink-offering, R. ']DT3. "i72a m. Bitterness, R. TiKi. ni£7»TD m. Anointing, R. nu^n. '-j'JOtt ni. A rule, R. ^wn. pu?73n m. A place forsaken, R. pii?iD. C:2'pn»» m. p. Pleasures, R. pnn. r|NJD m. An adulterer, R. »]KJ. T-\2'a f- A stripe, R. r~i3J. nJn To distribute; numeravit, to num- ber ; supputavit, to reckon ; paravit, preparavit, to prepare ; consti- tuit, to appoint; praefecit, to sit over. mJO f. Rest, R. niJ. D"i:n m. A flight, R. DlJ. m-iun f. A candlestick, R. mJ. CDniJO m. p. Crowned, R. IT J. VO 'Jn A, ab, de, e, ex, of, out; prae, magis, rather; propter, on account of; Chald. quis, qui, which, what; m. numerus, a number; copise, plenty; all carrying in them the idea of distribution. rn2T3 n:?3 m. Mina, a pound ; f. pars, a part ; pars constituta, the part appointed for distribution, a gift; munus, an oblation, also nn:» C^^nan m. p. Vices, changes. 10 Manna, or the miraculous bread distribut- ed to the children of Israel. v:?D m. Chald. Numerus, a number. D» m. A chain, R. -\DK. li'DO m. A prop, R. n^'D. t^iijon m. Fodder, R. 1><3D. nSDO m. Lamentation, R. 15D. mnSDQ f- A scab. rmnSDO f. p. Robes, R. nsD. nriD» m. -nnD» m. A lurking place, R. inD. ansyo m. Deeds, R. 13 jr. "inyo m. rriDiJQ f. A ford, R. -i3i?. *^iyn m. Circular path, R. '—JJJ?. nj?» Vacillare, to stumble, fail, fall. C3"'3-iyt3 m. p. Delicacies, R. Yi]}. -nj7n m. A rake, R. my. rnyo To be lax. a^jJO m. d. Viscera, the bowels, from their loose texture ; Chald. the same ; venter, the belly, riiyn f. p. Scrupi, the small particles or grains of sand which do not cohere, but are loose from each other, jiyjs m. A cake, R. jiy. iiyo m. niiiJO f. A habitation, R. ?lj?. t]iyQ m. Darkened, R. fjii?. 'iijrn CTpa Cl!'':?r'3 ni. p. Sti'ength, R. TTy. cyti To be diminished; parum, a little; parvum, small ; paucitas, few ; paulatim, by little and little. r~it2J,'0 m. A robe, R. niOJ?. "li?'3 Comprimere, to fix in the ground, crush, to press, squeeze. *~7J7Q Prevaricari, to decline, go aside; m. prevari- catio, a declining or defection fi-om truth. "— 7''j?tt m. R. r~hi; To as- cend, or be above ; pallium, a cloak ; toga, a gown, from their being over or above the other parts of dress. '— ?yQ m. riVyo f. the same. H'Sijjn m. Little. cu'V'?^^ m, p. Actions, R. H'^y. nnyo m. A sta- tion, R. -[yii;. r-iDDyn f. A burden, R. o-cv- C=:'pcj?n m. p. Depths, R. poy. m:yn m. An answer, m'^yo f. A furrow, R. ri:y. »rn CDDp 80 }PD To remain, dwell. |j?» ^jra"? Propter, on account of; ut, that, be- cause, for, R. r-uy To act upon. mnifQ f. R. mni? To make bare ; cavum, a cave, or a place made bare or hollowed out. rnavi??:) f. Pain, R. 3:fy. nil^yn m. A prohibition, R. nvy. npjJO m. The out- ward wall of a building, R. r-^pv. *~?p:7» m. Perverse, R. SpJT. 0"'i:'pj;» m. p. Perversitas, R. it^pj; a^yo m. Mixed, R. any also m3i:;n f. The west. ni;a m. Nakedness. om^'O m. the same, R. rn-ii'. r-t3ii'tt r-\0-iy» f. Order, R. y^^. ynyn m. Fear. m^"nj;iD f. Violence, R. yi;r. r-i'J^yn m. A work, R. t~\\c;^. riipli^i'n f. p. Op- pressions, R. puiJ. -wn'a m. The tenth, R. nar^. y-ja m. A ham- mer, R. yiij. miN'^iJtt f. p. Wonderful things, R. f