//, 2.- Iffram tl|p Utbrarij of Ipqueattieb bu ^m to ll|p Ctbrarg of f rtncfton SHiPolngtral &rmtttar^ ^^^ 9178 .B703^ Boyd Andrew Kennedy Hutchison, 1825-1899 Occasional and OCCASIONAL AND IMMEMORIAL DAYS BY THE SAME AUTHOR. TWENTY-FIVE YEARS OF ST. ANDREWS: 1865 to 1800. Two vols. 8vo. Vol. I. 12J. Vol. II. 15J. ST. ANDREWS AND ELSEWHERE: Glimpses of Some Gone and of Things Left. 8vo. 15J. I. -ESSAYS. EAST COAST DAYS : AND MEMORIES. Crown 8vo. jt. (xi. OUR HOMELY COMEDY ; AND TRAGEDY. Crown 8vo. ys. td. OUR LITTLE LIP'E: Essays Consolatory and Domestic, with some others. Two Serie5. Crown 8vo. 3J. td. e.ich. LANDSCAPES, CHURCHES, AND MORALITIES. Cr. 8vo. 3^. M. LESSONS OF MIDDLE AGE: with some Account of various Cities and Men. Crown 8vo. 3^. f>d. THE RECREATIONS OF A COUNTRY PARSON. Three SERtES. Crown 8vo. 35^. dd. each. LEISURE HOURS IN TOWN. Crown 8vo. 3J. 6^. THE COMMONPLACE PHILOSOPHER IN TOWN AND COUN- TRY. Crown 8vo. ts. dd. 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(i/. I'RKSEN 1-DAY THOUGHTS: Memorials of St. Andrews Sundays. Crown Svo. v. td. FROM A QUIET PLACE: .Some Discourses. Crown Svo. 5*. A SCOTCH CO.MMUNION SUNDAY. Crown Svo. y. OCCASIONAL AND IMMEMORIAL DAYS BY THE VERY REVEREND / A. K. H. BOYD, D.D.(Edin.), LL.D. (St. And.) FIRST MINISTER OF ST ANDREWS AUTHOR OF ' TWENTY-FIVE YEARS OF ST ANDREWS 'the recreations of a country parson' ETC. LONDON LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO. AND NEW YORK 1895 All rig; fits reserved TO M. B. B. WHO PASSED FROM THIS LIFE MARCH 14, 1895 THIS VOLUME IS DEDICATED CONTENTS I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI, XII. XIII. XIV. XV. THE MOTHER OF US ALL .... THIS MINISTRY . . . . . THE DEDICATION THE INEVITABLE CHOICE . . . ' . TRIED BY PROVOCATION .... MODEST EXPECTATION AT WHITSUNTIDE . CONSUMMATION KNOWN IN ADVERSITIES . . . . THE CONDITION ALWAYS UNDERSTOOD . SATISFIED LESSONS OF AUTUMN .... QUIET ....... FAITH AND SIGHT ON THE MOUNT OF COMMUNION . CHURCH LIFE IN SCOTLAND- RETROSPECT AND PROSPECT XVI. WHAT WE LINE FOR J?ASE 3 21 .37 53 11 91 105 127 145 163 181 201 225 247 263 305 I THE MOTHER OF US ALL I THE MOTHER OF US ALL » ' But Jerusalem which is above is free, which is the Mother of us all.' — Gal. iv. 26. My Brothers of the Manse, I feel quite sure that it began to press itself upon us when we were little boys, not taking it in that we should ever grow old, listening to our Fathers' prayers in church Sunday by Sunday,— How singularly that imagery from the far East has caught on and naturalised itself here in what was once the far West : how homely it has grown : how perfectly understandable : how charged with a pathos in which there live the Sundays and services of our childhood : all that was dear about them : and all that was wearisome or unworthy eliminated and utterly forgot. Thomas a Kempis, ' Preached in Glasgow Cathedral on Thursday, March 27, 1890, before the Society of the Sons of the Clergy, on the occasion of its centenary. B 2 4 THE MOTHER OF us ALL saintly soul, sa)-s that looking back over his life, he could not remember that he had ever done any- good at all. You and I, my brothers, cannot re- member that our Fathers ever did anything but what was good. Mine went just this self-same day ft ve-and -twenty years. I have no doubt at all that where they are, they are far better and kinder than thc>- were here : though that can hardly be. Ikit we should be too thankful to have them back, only for a little, to hear the sorrowful story of how it is faring with their sons, — to have them back just as they were, and in the likeness that we knew. I knew some of your Fathers too : I wish they had seen you what you are to-day. It would have gladdened the dear heart. lUit I was speaking of that old familiar imagery. When we make mention o{ Jerusalem, no comment is needful to our Scots ears. When we pray for the peace of Jerusalem, who among us, that ate the bread of the Kirk through those years, needs to be told what is in all hearts ? When we say Praise waiteth for Thee, O God, in Sio//, we think of fragrant Sunday mornings in Summer when all the parish, undivided. Nonconformity pretty well unknown, and rich and poor meeting together yet, THE MOTHER OF US ALL 5 lifted up a voice of praise that was wonderfully hearty if likewise homely, in the homely parish- church of Kyle. Ah, make every church as majestic as this : and still the grand thing about the church will be the living congregation ! Look- ing back, my brothers, it is always the golden Summer-time. She stands out, hallowed with the memories of our own golden age : delightful with all sweet scents and sounds of the breathing country-side : Mother-like and all-comforting to Her travelled sons, now somewhat sophisticated : beautified with a simple sanctity that was well content with a homely worship forasmuch as it never had seen anything other: that Jerusalem which is underneath the skies : which is free as never other National Church was, — no, nor Chris- tian communion not National : — and which is the Mother of us all. I used, when a lad at College (as did some of you) regularly to come and hear the sermon before the Sons of the Clergy. We put the Function so in those days. That is forty years since. The sermons were always (almost always) extremely good : just the best one ever heard : I could give a minute account of each of them to-day. But the rationale was too plain. The good men gave 6 THE MOTHER OF US ALL US the most striking sermon they had lately written : It was at such a service I listened to the most striking sermon I ever heard in rry life ; but, save a little bit tacked on at the end, there did not use to be the faintest reference to the occasion. We have changed many things, in the main surely for the better : some decent con- ventionalities are done with ; and now, at least, from first word to last (and the words shall not be many), we are to think of what is uppermost and warmest in our hearts, looking back from this cen- tenary on these hundred years. Let the old re- membrances of the old time come over us to-day ; so shall we be kinder and truer men : — the Manse where we were born, amid its old evergreens and its blossoming trees : the Church where our Fathers conducted God's worship, — the homel)' place amid the green graves ; the Father and Mother who have left us, leaving in us unworthy all they most cared for in all this universe : the brothers and sisters that grew up, over the land, amid the like kindly surroundings, and that under- stand each others' ways so well : surely. Brothers *>f the Manse, rich and poor, successful men and beaten men, j-ou who must practise to the end the thoughtful economy amid which we were all THE MOTHER OF US ALL 7 reared, and you who have grown out-standing men and wealthy men, — looking back to the time, ages since, when each of us was the minister's little boy, — it is truth we said in our prayer to God Almighty, that all of us are brethren through strong and tender ties : claiming kindred to-day under that grand roof and allowing it from our very heart : and minded, if God help us, that the righteous shall not be seen forsaken, nor his seed begging bread. We wish, all of us, to be humble : and most of us have met takings-down enough to make us and keep us so. But we shall put on no sham-humility, thinking of the Church of our Fathers. We are proud of our birth. It ought to have made us worthier and better men. We are proud, with no unworthy pride, of what our sainted Fathers were, and of what our Brothers have grown to be. You know how many of our most eminent preachers and theologians have been Sons of the Manse : Look over the list of this Society, and thank God. High on the judgment-seat, as high as may be : Foremost at the bar, — why it has grown proverbial where the Law finds her heads, whatever the Government in power ; Second to none in the Senate, for eloquence or statesmanship : and in 8 THE MOTHER OF US ALL more stirring walks of life than you might have thought of for the quiet minister's son, amid wild African perils where half what was done had earned the Cross for Valour in another vocation not more heroic : still our Brethren are there, and the kindly remembrance of the Manse opens the heart to you. Quiet stay-at-home folk as most of us are, we do not forget Archibald Forbes, any more than our own Presidents, John Campbell and John Inglis ; and if Goldsmith reaches all hearts when describing the Village preacher in lines to last with the language he paints his Father, not a whit less touching is it when figures familiar round the Manse-door live for evermore on the canvas touched by the pathetic genius of David Wilkie. Pathetic, I said. Yes, and humorous too. Evermore they go together. But I pass from this, my honoured friends. \Vc know it never was difficult work to praise Athens, speaking to the Athenians. Just a sentence more on this line. If you go a genera- tion down : if, leaving the Sons, you go on to the Grandsons ; where shall we end our count ? They did not love each other : but let just two be named together : Brougham, and Macaulay. It is not often that a parliamentary blue-book THE MOTHER OF US ALL 9 contains even one sentence which stirs anybody very much. But when men brought up as we were brought up think of all the words mean, in the respect of poorly-paid toil, of long self-denial, of wearing anxiety, of ' plain living and high thinking,' I will confess that it is ever through a certain mist that I read them, ' No institution has ever existed which, at so little cost, has accom- plished so much good.' It is in that fashion that a Committee of the Commons reported concerning (let us take the words of the most eloquent Anglican who ever spoke up for the Kirk) ' That institution which alone bears on its front, without note or comment, the title of TJie ClmrcJi of Scotland! And it was not an ordinary Committee which said tJiat in the face of the British Parlia- ment : Two of its members were the great Sir Robert Peel, not yet forgot, and the grand old repre- sentative of Oxford University, Sir Robert Inglis. Yes, we don't cost much : not though you reckoned all our old endowments as coming (and they do NOT come) from the pocket of the tax-payer. Not so much more than the income with which Henry the Eighth enriched some like-natured soul, the king liberally giving away what was not his to give, and the like-natured soul making no lO THE MOTHER OF US ALL return of service whatsoever. Ay, a poor Church : without prizes, without sinecures : all whose pay has to be earned by hard work. Things are mended, somewhat : since the stupid old parlia- ment-man (I really can't say statesman) declared that the Kirk should be kept down ; that ' a puir Kirk would be a pure Kirk.' We don't want to be paid for doing nothing ; or even for looking dignified : but to get a good article you must pay a fair price. It galled one, I confess, to hear that old clap-trap for an underpaid clergy repeated by men whose pay was something more than ample in proportion to their abilities : men whom we beat at College and did not think very much of it : but who, God knows why (by which I mean nobody else knows), were by and by elevated as you never can be. The work of the Church has never been worthily recompensed : if the minister have no more than the income provided b)- the Church (and few have more), it means a life of anxious struggle, and wife and children left all but destitute if the minister is early taken before the children can fend for themselves. Every one knows how ' merciless robbers of Christ's heritage,' as downright John Knox called them, plundered the Church at the Reformation. And now, the THE MOTHER OF US ALL I I benefices are worth just one-third of what they were two hundred years since : so has the value of money changed. There are vulgar persons, too, mainly among the rich, who estimate a class of men according to their worldly means. ' I like Mr. Such-a-one,' — ' he is so Jiunible^ I once heard that said of a minister by a person of position : One knew exactly what it meant. It was a laird, of long descent, who said to one who was a minister and a minister's son, as though pleasantly expressing the normal relation, * Of course the lairds always laughed at the ministers.' Did they ? They had best stand by the Kirk, br they are like to laugh in unhilarious fashion. Should the Kirk ever be disendowed, surely as fate the next question will be the disendowment of certain others, who for three centuries have grabbed the nation's money, and done no work for it at all. These things which I have no more than hinted at are, to every person who is decently informed, rather more certain than that two and two make four. But I pass from them : they irritate : though they ought to be repeated, per- sistently, in certain ears to-day. Some folk talk lightly of Disestablishment ; not thinking what a flood-gate that would open. 12 THE MOTHER OK US ALL I want to think, my Brothers, of the work of our Society. Of course, if the nation desired the clergy to frankly accept the peasants' position, even our Endowment Scheme livings, unsupplemented, might do. But you know what is expected, ay demanded, of the clergy, by the poorest parishioner. The Kirk will not long abide, if the clergy fall into contempt. How about recruits ? You re- member the shrewd American's saying : ' Make your livings fifty dollars, and you will still have plenty of ministers : but they will be fift\- dollar men.' You must have books, or at least read them : you must keep up with the thinking of the age : or your sermons will be like a ten- years-old Almanac. And you know what an example the clergy must set in the matter of giving. I could tell you strange things. Did not Thirty-thousand pounds go to the starting of the Endowment Scheme from our Manses ? So with the Small-Livings Scheme. And others beyond number. If any man have a living a little better than usual, some know how it is brought down to the average, and lower, b\' never-ending calls. Then Protestantism has said, and for good reasons, iVt*/ a celibate clergy. I don't argue that out. THE MOTHER OF US ALL 1 3 Only I say, If ministers are good for much them- selves ; — If ministers can reach the hearts of others in their teaching ; — it comes mainly of the children. I know, I know, how balanced the thing is : how the black sheep may break father's and mother's heart, and bring the Better never been born : But in normal cases, and in healthy moods, it is as I say. Only there must be many anxious thoughts. Not merely to look at the rosy little faces in the winter fire-light, and to think what it would be to lose them : but to think what it would be for them to lose you. ' It would make a great difference at home,' a country minister said in my hearing in a little gathering of his fellows : and silence fell upon that company for a space. I think of the care- worn father sitting solitary when the house has sunk to sleep : and, as he feels the energies of life failing within him, brain and hand turning weary, thinking that too much depends upon his life : thinking, as Luther tells us he often thought, what would become of his wife and his little children, when he was far away. There have been anxious )-ears in the family-history of most of us, my Brothers, through which everything depended on a Father's life : the entire career of the boys in this world. I know the Manse, and the quiet busy 14 THE MOTHER OF US ALL careful life there : I know the big trees where our names may be read yet, an ancient scar in the bark : I know the bright little heads with the curly hair : I see the little people, boys and girls, racing about, and I hear their merriment (God bless them) : but I have been an anxious young country minister myself, and I am thankful to have been allowed to grow old. Ah, it was the warm nest upon the unreliable, decaying bough 1 Any day, the Manse the Home no more. We know, some of us, what it was to come out from the Manse, not pushed out by death, and with comfort and hope in prospect. Even then it was strange to look round the stript rooms, that looked so piteously at us. But when the Father has been carried forth over that threshold, and lies, close to the home he loved, under the turf beneath the church's shade ; when the poor widow must face, heart-broken, sordid and frowsy realities of poverty if not of absolute want hitherto unknown, and terrible lonely perplexities that bewilder the aching head : then, my Brothers, I have known the stringently- measured aid our Society could give, just keep that little household from going under water : I have seen it welcomed with a gush of thankfulness w hich it made one's heart sore to see. And when THE MOTHER OF US ALL 1 5 the pinch of those terrible years was long over : when the worn mother was long re-united to our brother who had gone before : I have heard one who had done as honourable work in this life as any of you, testify that his whole start and pro- gress he owed to the Glasgow Sons of the Clergy. They were not sentimentalists, but men of strong common-sense, and who put their aims with a quiet self-restrained earnestness infinitely im- pressive, — those three or four sons of ministers who, in the far-different Glasgow of that day, thought of such a Society. The purpose was simple: was comprehensive. It was, 'being aid- ing to the children of deceased ministers who are in distress.' ' The design appeared very laudable ; and, in such a place as Glasgoiv^ not impracticable.' Whereupon they called a meeting of a few more Sons, a dozen in all ; over which good Dr. Thomas Reid presided, whom we knew of old in the Moral Philosophy Class, and whose name has travelled far. So the Society entered, this time a hundred years, upon its career of quiet and (God be thanked) ever-growing helpfulness. From the first, they resolved to have ' an annual day of thanksgiving to Almighty God, on which there should be an extraordinary meeting of the Society, ]6 THE MOTHER OF US ALL to attend Divine service.' That decorous function has never failed. We meet to-day for the hundred- and-first time, without a break ; a long space in this changing world. And always this last Thurs- day of March. It is recorded that one who was specially consulted as to the formation of the Society was my predecessor as Minister of St. Andrews, Dr. George Hill : only two incumbencies between him and me. And in that year, 1790, he was Moderator of the General Assembly. Nor should it be forgotten, to-day, how it was provided, a century gone, that 'the members should walk to church in procession after the magistrates, who have agreed to honour the Society with their presence.' We are proud to render honour to whom honour is due. We are proud that in each of these hundred years (as again to-day) the Society has had not merely the official counten- ance, but the true sympathy, of those who rule in the vast cit\- which has grown up under the shadow of this beautiful and stately church of St. Kenti- gern. Two things there are, which have ever seemed to me to partake of the nature of surplusage. One is, when some worthy man whom we should never think of naming as representative of the zeal or THE MOTHER OF US ALL 1 7 intelligence of the Kirk, of a sudden arises to thank you and me for doing honour to the name of the Church of Scotland. The other is, my dear and honoured Brothers of the Manse, to plead with you on behalf of the Society of the Sons of the Clergy. We only wish, every man of us, that we could give to this Centenary Fund ten-fold, a hundred-fold, what could be afforded from our lean purse, in these tragic days which have fallen so heavy on most of us. Wherefore, no more. I could not speak, when my Father preached before this Society : I was not five months old, on tha departed day. But I never valued more anything that has come to me, than this being permitted to lift up my poor voice for my helpless brothers and sisters of the Church he so loved, on this anniver- sary of the day he died. II THIS MINISTRY II THIS MINISTRY^ 'This Ministry.' — 2 COR. iv. I. If I were allowed to preach many times to my Fathers and Brethren, I should have enough to say : and it would be pleasant to pour out one's heart to their sure sympathy. But when it is for only once in a life-time : never thus before, and never to be thus again : one is perplexed. I know there are laymen here : and often, I am told, not many ministers. I confess I never but once was present on such an occasion : and then I was a boy, watching intently the first General Assembly I ever saw. I remember the text that day : and I have a vivid impression of the sermon. Yet here is my subject : though it may not suit us ' Preached in St. Giles' Cathedral, Edinburgh, on Thursday, May 21, 1 89 1, at the opening of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland. 2 2 THIS MINISTRY all. It has come : as subjects come, and will not be put off. This Ministry has its special characteristics ; as this National Church has : marking off from all beside : differentiating, to take the phrase of the day. The Church of Scotland is very unlike the Church of England : this in divers ways. For one note, the men here are generally better than the churches : the churches there are not unfre- quently better than the men. No doubt, our churches are usually so unworthy, that it is easy to be better : and theirs so beautiful, that it is hard to be so. But the entire mode of parochial work- ing is very different : different as are the services, the preaching, the environment, and the men's antecedents. When I was Master of Rugby, it sounded quite natural to hear an Anglican clergy- man say. To him who thus modestly put his great Head-Mastership, it was said, You were a Double- Fir st ? Yes, was the quiet answer ; and then he passed to a kind word of us here. And This Ministry has greatly changed, in my remembrance. The ways of the dear old Kirk of our fathers ; the personnel ; the very outward aspect of our ministers : are not recognisable as those of our boyhood. No more than this restored Cathedral church is like the THIS MINISTRY 23 Ayrshire kirk of those departed days : where choirs and organs were not : where I remember (being six years old) hearing mention of an awful thing named to sing m parts : where no stained windows gave the dim religious light : where the people were prayed for and preached to, and took no part, outwardly, at all. The old faces are away : and we, my Brothers, find ourselves among the Seniors of our vocation : not feeling so much older : though doubtless subdued and changed : and with a very different feeling towards certain things which are sure to come to us. We have seen the days lengthen, many times : not without some stirring of the vernal hopefulness. The hawthorns have blazed into soft fragrance, and the apple-trees have blossomed for us, fifty remem- bered times and more. I knew some of you as boys : you are boys to me yet, but your heads are white. And I, the other day a lad in the Moral Philosophy Class at Glasgow, am the retiring Moderator. And I was preaching in the after- noons at St. George's in this city, this time forty years. Do you remember the long College course : when we who went into the Ministry held our own fairly well against those who went elsewhere, to far higher 24 THIS MINISTRY worldly rewards ? You do remember (I know it) the terribly hard work : all (in our profession) to go for nothing. The Degree in Arts was a great step : you remember how we knelt down, and the grand old Principal capped us. We thought it stamped us as men : though now, looking back, we see that we were only boys. Then the special training for the sacred office : and the eager antici- pation of it. Was it not one who was to rank as a preacher high as any, who said in his last session to a friend licensed before him, / would give any- thvig to get into a pulpit } Do any youths know that feeling now ? Our work suits not many : but it suits them through and through. Nothing else is like it : after all these long and anxious years. You remember the start : the first sermon : not so good as you thought it then, not so bad as you thought it after three years. Ah, the pathos of those old times ! The dead friend (he rose high) who went down that Sunday evening to the sea- shore and wept ; so far had he fallen short of his hope : while one here and there had a sudden rocket-like rise : more run after at four-and-twenty than ever after. For people are very patient of youthful luxuriance, if the heart be there. Then the solemn day of your Ordination. That THIS MINISTRY 2$ laying-on of the hands of the Presbytery is never forgot. You could not take it in, that now you had a church of your own : no more than Lord Denman could take it in that he was Chief-Justice of England. And let it not be denied that (with better things, thank God), there was a certain ambition. You had your College standing to maintain, in the face of some who (for an obvious reason) declared that College standing meant nothing. You wished that they might not be ashamed of you at home. The most charming of living historians was wrong when he said to me, Be tJiankful you Jiave no prizes : and then he added very cynical reasons why. But we too have our ^wrtj-z-prizes. They are modest : the world will never hear of them : the educated English-speaking world barely knows of our Church's existence : but they are all there are. And how capriciously they go ! There is what some call Providence and some call Chance : and the Pusher has his innings. One thing let an old man say to his young brothers : Before honour is humility. Nothing will come to you in the stage where it would turn your head. And if the fleece of self-conceit be thick, the wind of disappointment will not be tempered. Varied indeed are our spheres, thus beginning : 26 THIS MINISTRY thus going on. The beautiful country manse and church : amid rich woods : amid pastoral hills : b\' the flowing water : by the Perthshire loch. The iron region : smoke by day and flame by nighty and the thunder of the ceaseless train. To some, the seaside : the long lonely walks by the water. Looking back, it is mostly Summer : yet there is the Winter surge and roar too, and there is the raw cold March evening. Do you remember the eager Visitation ? Far too much one sees now • and the feverish thinking, thinking, Is there any more one can do for the parish? Any more in twenty ways ? Then, the laborious preparation of the sermon : and some of us had that absurd com- mitting to memory of what cried aloud that it was not extemporaneous. It is not merely a falsehood, it is an idiotcy, when a man says he got up his sermon in ten minutes : unless indeed in the case where, hearing it, you can quite believe it so. And the heavy pull of the Prayers. We had not the helps that our young brothers have, beginning now. Yet how hearty the services : and how full the churches : far more than in these days, when the sermons are (in a literary sense) incomparably better, and the praise far brighter. There is no doubt at all, great change has come : not in every THIS MINISTRY 2*] respect for the better. These newspaper calcula- tions of the percentage of worshippers to population are startling indeed. They give us all matter for very serious thought. But the years go over. Cares increase. People are troublesome, a few. Temper is shorter. We are getting through, we are growing old. Some- times a little disappointed. Year after year : and still in this quiet place ! Far inferior men pre- ferred : will any sane person say that our best men are always put most forward ? I am bold to say. Not. And only God knows what makings have been lost. The power to hold a great multitude comes only by practice, I should like to say much more than there is time for, to-day. Somewhere else, another day. And it would be pleasant to indicate both some who have been set up, and some who have been held down. Talk of a crucified self : I have heard pushers do that, and I liked it not. There is the sense of fairness and justice. We want to see fairplay. And detur digniori ought to be the rule, even in our modest vocation. I pass from that, to pleasanter thoughts. I think of what I have often seen : I think of the Domestic Life. The young wife comes : and the Manse is bright and hopeful. By and by, the little feet 28 THIS MINISTRY patter about the stairs : and by the words and ways of little children, the very best that is in the youthful parents is brought out : and they find that all things are become new. The closer drawn together should there be a quiet spot where they often go, where the little child whom Jesus called to Himself sleeps for the Great Awaking. No doubt, terrible cares and troubles come of a married clergy, from which a celibate is free. The daily tale of little anxieties and calculations pushes between us and our work : though we have made up our mind how to think here. Yet one of our best Professors of Divinity once made a speech in my hearing, in which he spoke of sorrows to come if the minister were so very injudicious as to take a certain line. And Dr. Liddon, in his last letter to me, said that narrowing circumstances might make necessary what he deemed a necessary evil. Do you remember the sentence in which good Arch- bishop Tait of Canterbury spoke of his wife and himself: Always in the enjoy uicnt of ample means ? We read the words, quietly said. And if the Primate remembered how much better off he was than most, he did not say so. Other troubles come into our quiet life (if it be a quiet life) : but here is the great one. THIS MINISTRY 29 They are not worth remembering : but curious instances come back, which say, Not much worldly consideration. One knows exactly the meaning of a person of condition liking a minister because he was so humble : this, with a significant glance at a minister who was not. You remember the days of Patronage : the kind of men whom certain patrons and their advisers pushed on : men far away from the skirts of the patron's dignity. The principle acted on was quite manifest. But I put that kind of thing away. Were not the Presbytery meetings of old very kindly and pleasant ? Specially where the fashion held which my revered Father set great store by, of the brotherly social gathering after. And we have lost some cheer in the School Examinations, which came as the March light lengthened. The Examination was always interesting, and the work was fairly done : but the kindly manse ! But we have lost far more in the old Communions. We have no Fastdays now. And on the Sunday, there is no more of that assembling of the communicants and the ministers of half-a-dozen neighbouring parishes, which gave devout folk the blessed sacrament six or seven times in the summer. And do you remember, when we were young, how great 30 THIS MINISTRY an event in our little life was the coming to the General Assembly ? Happy, indeed, is the choice of the season, when the leaves have their first green and the blossoms are in the garden. Never let it be changed ! Then we must take in sail. Our fathers are gone : and we are in the front to go. Still we do our very best : and experience has grown. You preach yet, dear Brothers, with something of the old spirit ; but after it you are very tired. Let us be thankful if we can heartily accept the changes which have come in our worship, and our church life : and which are to come. It is sad to grow old, anathematising all the new ways : as some good men have done. But it is a white head the people see in the pulpit : the voice falters some- times : the lads and girls who come to be young communicants tell you that you baptized them. And it is a warm tie to man or woman, to have been christened either by your Father or yourself. We are not a demonstrative race : but I think, my Brothers, we are generally valued just as highly as we deserve ; and sometimes a great deal more. Now all these things are over. There is nothing more quickly or completely forgotten than even one of the great appearances of a great preacher. THIS MINISTRY 3 1 Even the preacher himseh", so wrought-up in that hour, has quite forgot it. I never forget when first I heard Norman Macleod. Years after, I spoke to him of his sermon at Auchinleck. His answer was, / never in my life preached there ! I recalled to him text, and sermon, and surroundings. He remembered not all. So far. Fathers and Brethren, we know. We do not know the rest as it will be to us, though we have seen it in others. There will be something quite peculiar in the case of each of us. We have not felt it yet, the breaking-down of strength and heart : the beloved work dropt from the failing hand : what it will be to go. Many things must be left : little to others, great to you. The precious books, got together with such calculation : the old familiar faces of household possessions, on which our eyes fell daily : all these must go out with this life. God send you be spared to see your children doing for themselves : good, faithful, affectionate, as the sons and daughters of the Manse are bound to be : doing no dishonour to that name. But the clear call will come for each of us. The hand which travelled over those innumerable pages will have to stop. And the voice which was driven hard through these long years will fail. God's will 32 THIS MINISTRY be done : but \vc would pray to be allowed to work to the last. We were Preachers : speaking of ourselves as past. And I call no man a born preacher save the man whom nothing would take away from that work. He may be a great preacher, as great as >-ou like : but he is not a born preacher. A Meteor, flaming for four or five years in a great town, and then giving-up, is not a preacher : no matter how popularly he may preach. The preacher is the man who, with ever fresh interest, goes on teaching and guiding a congregation for thirty years. No, not even to one of those Chairs, from which they ' make ministers.' Curious, the occupants of such places in so many cases anything but masters of the art they presumably teach. It was among the suffering, and the lowly, that our daily work lay. But went about doing good is a grand history ; and that may be ours. And to preach Christ and His gospel is a work that never loses its interest. How can it, if you be fit for it at all ? It means the serious talking with our fellowmen of everything which can concern them and us. What good have we done ? With deep humility the very best must look back on many Sundays THIS MINISTRY 33 and weekdays of life : and from a dying bed, on them all. Yet, I think, we did our little best : and no sbam-modesty shall say anything other. And what did we teach ? We trust, Christ's truth : God's love in Him for man's salvation. And some among us have held a singular stand-point, in respect of Doctrine and Life. Evangelical by early training, and by the influence of days when as boy and lad we came under deep personal conviction. High-Church by the aesthetic culture of later days : through the beauty and power of old Church legend and art and prayer and praise. Broad, by farther meditation : seeing round things which once stopped the view. And not these in suc- cession : all these together. Call them moods, or phases : they may be. But they come to very earnest and devout souls. And such souls can feel a true sympathy with the good men who reverently and worthily represent each school. But we must go. I must cease. Do you not, through all that is said, feel the power of these lengthening days : the stirring of hopefulness ? The pleasant May is here, and it is pleasant, dear Brothers, yet : for all we have gone through : though the best of all good boys have gone out D 34 THIS MINISTRY from your door, and arc working far away : though some of the dearest are dead. The letters come, from those left in this world : but you do not meet the dear old face as you go about your duty, nor hear the step on the threshold. And yet, you never wish to be younger. Our times are in the very best Hand. And we shall all be together again, far away. In these hopeful Spring days, we thankfully take the vague promise of Happier and l^ctter that is afloat in this air and light ; but we know that its fulfilment will not be here. Yet these vernal hopes will all come true elsewhere. Let it be as our Poet-Principal said : gone to his rest, where abides the everlasting Spring — Therefore we will not take these vernal moods For promise of sure earthly good to be : We will not go to cull through budding woods The frail anemone. Rather to us shall all this floral sheen, That breadth of wood so fresh, so lustrous-leaved. Hint of a beauty that no eye hath seen, No human heart conceived. Ill THE DEDICATION Ill THE DEDICATION^ ' And the Bush was not consumed.'— Exodus iii. 2. When we are dead, every one of this great mass of warm life ; this day, and what has been upon this day, will be spoken of by many. Without gift of prophecy one may say that. Old people will repeat, for a while, ' Yes, I remember it well, the Dedication of the new St. Cuthbert's.' Then time will slide on, as it has stolen away from our- selves ; and the days will be in which no one living will recal this function as something in his own little life. Here, on this ground whereon Christian worship has been offered, in most diverse ways indeed, for twelve hundred years, — a longer time without a break than on any other ground in Scotland, — a ' Preached at the Consecration of St. Cuthbert's Church, Edin- burgh, Wednesday, July 11, 1894. 38 THE DEDICATION great and stately church has been dedicated this day to Almighty God ; and to His worship through His Son and by His Spirit. This work has been done for God ; for His glory ; and for nothing less. And there is a touching continuity with centuries gone, even about the material fabric. Every stone that was in the vast building now removed has been built into these walls : even as when that church arose a hundred and twenty years since, every stone of the old church of the middle ages was incorporated in the fabric that was rising. I know that there are strong souls that would smile at this as a sentimental fancy. To many, the fact is beyond words touching. And the tie is real to generations which are gone. We have ' spared these stones.' Here, looking towards the rising sun, according to the old custom of our Christian fathers, as those who wait and look for the Coming of Christ ; — for with a pathetic simplicity they took the famous text in its literal meaning, that ' as the lightning Cometh out of the East^ and shineth even unto the West, so shall also the Coming of the Son of Man be,' — and the grave, faithfully orientated even in the Martyr West, tells the belief still : we have lifted up our hearts and minds on high in common THE DEDICATION 39 prayer for the first time under that roof ; we have rolled our praises towards the skies where Christ went from human view ; and now the brief word of exhortation. It needed not, God knows, that those who are to minister here should seek outside aid ; or go elsewhere for a voice more telling than their own : tJiat might not be in all this land, we know. But through kindness of which I dare not allow myself to speak, — a kindness closely bound for thirty years, — I am called to be here. And this, God help His poor unworthy servant, is the very first of sermons innumerable, in this church. It has been long looked forward to, this day, by certain here. Oh for a message worthier of it ! Nor can we quite forget, even through this uplifting and calming worship, that we are here in days of peril for our National Church, with her heroic history. Ay, great peril : I will say that openly : and that from a quarter which I do not hear spoken of. For, as a great National Church ought, she so gathers together in one the most diverse elements, that I see not how she could hold together if she were a National Church no more. I fear me, much, she would rend apart. We, widely diverse in things not wholly vital : diverse in sympathy, in taste and liking, through nature and 40 THE DEDICATION traininc^ : Narrow and Broad and High if j-ou will : the Protestantism of the Protestant faith, and, beside it, the tender and reverent looking back upon old ways with their fair humanities, seeking not innovation but restoration of what is beautiful and true (as you see in this solemn fabric this day) : are yet, meanwhile, bound in one warm brotherhood by our common love for the grand, heroic, wise and tolerant Church of our fathers : praying for the peace of Jerusalem with the very heartiest of all our prayers. Some of us could hardly live, could hardly bear this weary world, if our Church were away: if the old names ceased, of the parish, and the parish- church : ay, and the parish-minister, the servant of the parish, ever at the call of each poor soul in it that needed a friend ; and that knew that asking counsel and sympathy and help tJicre was only asking his due, — asking a right if you will have it that way, and nothing eleemosynary : keeping his self-respect. Each poor soul under that venerable parochial system had a right to say My Minister. And we were proud, every one of us, to be at the call of the humblest. There is a pride which God resists. But not tJuit, on either side. The words would come : I had not meant THE DEDICATION j^l them : not yet. But one's heart is full : thinking of what is the characteristic Institution of Scot- land. Let us turn from that to what is done to- day. It is a solemn and touching experience to take part, as all of us are doing now, in the dedication of a church which (please God) will be here ages after we are gone. It is a solemn hour. None of us here is likely to see one more so. And I am not thinking mainly that this is the church of a vast and historic parish ; nor that it is to serve a huge congregation, unexampled in the land, an awful charge to good conscientious men : still less of the outstanding place St. Cuthbert's holds, in the midst of the most beautiful of Euro- pean cities : No, I am thinking, like you, of spirit- ual significance. Under that immemorial Castle Rock, amid these thick-foliaged July trees, this house of God is infinitely more than a great monumental church, whose opening is an epoch in Scottish Church History. ' They dreamt not of a perishable home, who thus could build ! ' They looked beyond this little life : as every man does who raises the lowliest place of Christian prayer and praise. Oh how much is meant when people say, Let us build a church ! It is not merely how, on summer Sabbaths, when the graves are green, 42 THE DEDICATION the great congregation will gather ; and the psalm will go up, and the prayer ; and the white cloth will be spread for Holy Communion ; and some souls will get strength, some counsel, some com- fort : It is the awful Beyond, and the untried experiences there, ever present in the mind : the undiscovered country, with scenes and persons which may all be so strange, where we can have nothing if we have not Christ ! Ah, these great solid walls fade away from our sight, when that is borne in upon us : and the great congregation dis- appears: and we are alone with God and Eternity ! Think, too, that this common worship implies common wants and troubles : the greatest wants and troubles of all. It is because we are all so like one another, that we come to worship here. When you come to this place Sunday by Sunday (would it were every day), it means, unless our coming is a mere sham, that in the deepest and most sacred wants of our nature we are alike : we are brethren : we are one family. We are all sin- ful : all weak : all perplexed : all weighted w ith work to be done : many of us weary, many of us anxious, many of us sorrowful : one here and there very nearly beaten. And we are all coming to the same supply. We believe (God help our unbelief) THE DEDICATION 43 that there is that to be found here which suits us all. We are all coming to the Saviour's precious blood for the pardon of countless sins : all coming for the Blessed Spirit's help to make us holy and kind and praying people. But in all our minds, to-day, there is the per- vading remembrance of the great church which is entering, now, on its long ages (so we trust) of kindly and uplifting helpfulness. And what a contrast to that which was before it ! I know that old fabric was dear to many. The homeliest place grows precious through the old remembrances which gather round it. The old familiar faces may not be the most beautiful ; — but they are very dear. We who were boys in Kyle know tJiat. Above criticism ! Like Mont Blanc above it : both the plain church and the simple praise. Give us them back : and as never in the most august church of Christendom, we see the venerable Elders and the never-forgotten worshippers through a mist of tears. I would give up, to-day, the love- liest music you can take from Mendelssohn, to hear again the voice of a great multitude lifted up under the arch of heaven on the evening of a July Communion, in homely Martyrdom : in Such pity as a father hath, unto his children dear. 44 THE DEDICATION But God has said it, Tlic old order must change. It is impossible to keep for ever the dear old way. You might just as well wish that the children should never grow older, and that nobody should ever die. By inevitable development, this stately church had to come, and this brighter worship : and though the glamour of the long-past has such hold on our hearts, — that long-past with trees always blossoming, and days which were always summer days, which is as a Golden Age, — yet, in sober earnest, can we deny that the change is for the better .-' It would have been a startling para- dox in Scotland when one was a boy, and now it is self-evident truism, that we ought, in our public worship, to give to God our best, in architecture, in art, in music, in the wonderful felicity of prayers centuries old. And wc have learnt, too (for it is impossible to resist historical truth), that much of what was so dear to our childhood, and of what abides in the hallowed memories of our childhood, was really not the good old way of the Kirk : it was something forced upon us, in the face of the protest of our best men and ministers : and we are now not innovating at all, but simply (in the main) restoring the better way of the Church of Scotland Reformed, not (as has been said) Deformed. If THE DEDICATION 45 John Knox had entered an Ayrshire Kirk sixty years since, it is a historic certainty that the great Reformer must have asked himself, What Christian Church is this whose worship I see ? And then he must have gone on to say to himself. The only thing of zuJiich I am perfectly snre, is, that it cannot be the Church of Scotland. And if Alexander Henderson, second only to Knox, had been told that certain young ministers, copying an English way, had introduced the innovation of concluding their sermons with an ascription of glory to the Blessed Trinity, Alexander Henderson would have answered. Why, every sermon that ever I preached ended as of course in that way ! The faded manu- scripts abide, to testify to all who have eyes to see. — No, not innovation : restoration. And not restora- tion, as has been foolishly suggested, of that which is Roman. No, restoration of that which is Protestant : that which is Scottish : that which is distinctively our own. And everything good, true, solemn and beautiful, from the very first, belongs to us as much as to any. The old Church, Reformed : not a brand-new one. One thing I should like to say here, where it is so backed-up by facts which most people know. While we desire to lift up worship in our churches : 46 THE DEDICATION to make much of Praise, and Prayer, and most of all of Holy Communion : while we are determined that in what after all is by emphasis the House of Prayer, the common worship of the congregation of Christ's people shall ever be rendered so ear- nestly, reverently, and deliberately, with such manifest purpose and intention, that no mortal shall speak, or think, of it as a m&ve preliviinary to the really interesting thing, the Sermon : I add, in the strongest words I can find, that there is no thought to make little of preaching. That is to abide all it ever was. It shall never be thrust into a corner. It is not likely in any of our churches, and least of all in this, to be the signal for a tumultuous exodus of the flock; to be the thing from which people hasten away. Human nature sways us all. And forasmuch as those of our ministers who would make most of praise and prayer, are beyond question or comparison our best preachers : and forasmuch as the best of them, if they are not preachers are nothing at all : it is inconceivable that they should belittle the only thing they can do : not to say, the thing which some of them do so supremely well. The Church of Scotland is a Church of preachers : a Church THE DEDICATION 47 that stands upon its preaching. And it never will be anything else. God forbid it should ! ' Not for the doctrine, but the music there ' : is not going to be said of the worshippers of the Kirk. And yet, the music is to be our very best. There is to be no misunderstanding. Let none here fancy that I am belittling worship and sacra- ment in comparison with preaching. I have heard that unwisely done. Long ago, when one who has risen as high as may be in the greatest National Church in Christendom, had attended an Edinburgh communion ; and remarked to a saintly minister of the Church how much preaching had gone to it ; the saintly man replied that preaching was far more than sacrament : that ' St. Paul spoke almost with contempt of the sacraments in comparison with preaching, saying that Christ sent him forth not to baptize but to preach the gospel.' Well I remem- ber the grave reproof of one quite as good and a great deal wiser : ' I doubt whether St. Paul would speak with contempt of anything which Christ had expressly commanded His ministers and people to do.' And who can forget ' Teach all nations, bap- tizing them in the Name,' — Who can forget ' This do in remembrance of Me ' ? 48 THE DEDICATION ' And the Bush was not consumed.' This great fabric reminds us, touchingly, how the Kirk of Scotland has held on through these ages. There is no charm to me about a Communion which has not a venerable building among all its churches. I recal words solemnly said to me by the greatest Anglican preacher of this generation : and he was quoting the words of the most outstanding human being of this generation : ' I see not how, without the fabrics, the visible continuity of the Church could be maintained.' And he went on to quote other words, burning in their pathos : which I will not repeat, but which I have never forgotten. And on this hallowed ground, consecrated of a truth by far more than the solemn Dedication of this un- forgetable day, it is borne upon us, to the quick of our nature, how various the forms have been in which the Visible Church has appeared in this land. Vet, through all, hearty worship was possible, was accepted. The prayers lifted up on this ground, through these centuries, went, every one of them, to the right place. Through all, it was the Church of Scotland ! And, as our Prime Minister wisely said on a great occasion, ' There is not a man who has Scottish blood running in his veins who does not feel the profoundest attachment to Her ! ' THE DEDICATION 49 Woe worth the degenerate Scot in whom that was not so ! But that is not my hne. And as I close, you will pardon my thinking rather of the unutterable pathos of the daily life which will be linked (if the world changes not) with this stately church now dedicated to the glory of God Almighty, through His Son, and by His Spirit : and to bear for ever the name of His good servant St. Cuthbert, long at rest. How fast the Sundays will come round, to those who minister : What remembrances, in hearts far away, on the other side of the world, will gather round the place ! I see the lad, going, to return no more, stealing in by himself for a last look of the church of his baptism. 1 see the sweet young girl, wedded before that Holy Table, who will turn from it to find her early rest in a foreign country, far away. I see the weary old pilgrim, borne into the place dear by many services and sacraments : and I hear the congregation sing, as that great poet said, a ' Christian psalm ' : Christian psalm though written by Moses, the man of God. But while I must name such things, because I have known them so often, I look on to that which has more cheer. I see the fabric growing in beauty, year by year, as consecrated wealth brings its E 50 THE DEDICATION offering. I sec the dim religious light of coming days. I sec the multitudes for whom the great church will be too narrow. I hear the hearty psalm, and the jubilant anthem. The Holy Table bears the white cloth : the young and the old receive the Bread and the Water of Life. And voices which have spoken straightest to my heart, — God spare them long to do it, — will tell, as often heretofore, the old, old story, of Jesus and His Love. IV THE INEVITABLE CHOICE IV THE INEVITABLE CHOICE ' ' See, I have set before thee this day life and good, and death and evil.' — Deut. xxx. 15. A MONTH ago, young friends, you brought here as your preacher an honoured Prelate of the great National Church South of the Tweed : who had never set foot in St. Andrews before ; and who when he preached in your Chapel lifted up his voice for the first time in this city, — a voice which few who heard him on that or any other occasion will easily forget. Now, you have turned just the other way : and by your invitation one is here this morning, and pleased to come, who has been at home as few can be in this sacred place for near a quarter of a century ; and who has been permitted to address successive generations of St. Andrews students times beyond numbering. ' Preached in St. Salvator's College Chapel, St. Andrews, Sunday, December 15, 18S9. 54 THE INEVITABLE CHOICE And yet, this is something very fresh and new. Though I have known, through that long time, what it is to see the bright young faces elsewhere, and to be cheered by as close and sympathetic attention as ever rewarded a preacher ; it was where the members of the University formed part of a general congregation in a church not specially their own, and could not quite be addressed as by one speaking to them alone. It was in plainer buildings than your beautiful chapel : where one had to seek consolation in the reflection that the great thing about a church after all is the congre- gation. Here, amid these academic surroundings, everything brings back vividly, and touchingly, the feeling of old student-days : the long Glasgow streets ; the grim old quadrangles, all swept away. November had gathered us in, many of us, from rural scenes, where fading nature was still in glory : where the trees were thick with changed leaves, where the days were sunshiny and the skies blue ; and the starry heaven after dark was a sublime miracle to behold. But there, every leaf was gone : fogs shortened the day at its rising and its setting : there was no end to the vista of the unlovely street : wc had stepped straight into gloomy Winter. And yet, to a hard student, — and we THE INEVITABLE CHOICE 55 were hard students, — it seemed all the better. There was a fitness in taking to stern work in those gloomy days. One was not missing anything, in turning from the desolation without even to some- thing within that was a heavy pull upon one's modest faculty. And it was a hopeful time : as yours is now. Your invitation has carried me far into the past, vvhen I was a youth like you. The old walls rise again, the old courts surround me : bringing with them the professors and the fellow-students, the moral atmosphere, all the life, of those departed days. Strange, and touching beyond words, — more so than you, young friends, can yet take in, — the contrast which is here : the Institution so venerable, with those five long and troubled centu- ries behind, and the fresh and hopeful youth of most of the generation which represents it now, and carries on its grand traditions. But the thing which pleases one most, looking at you and think- ing of you, is that not one of you can have spoiled his life : that there is untold potentiality and promise of good under this roof to-day. As the old professor said to little Samuel Rutherford, ' It's ill to wit what God may make of you yet' All is hopeful. You are going, as we older pray, 56 THE INEVITABLE CHOICE to avoid all our blunders, and to do better than our best. Some preachers like, specially, to be frank with the congregation. And so I cannot help telling )'Ou, to begin, that though I have come most willingly to preach to you this morning, I have had some difficulty in thinking of a subject. If I had to preach to you each Sunday for six months, or even six weeks, I should easily find abundance to say to you : but when I am called to preach, just for once, to a congregation so special, and so interesting, — earnestly wishing to say what may do some of you good, and not to lose a chance, — how I wish I had a message given me for you by God's Spirit ! Perhaps it has been given. And I have been led to a most general text, which may make you think of all the life you are living, day after day, at College and at home, in term and in vacation, — and think to what it all tends. It is all tending to something. You are making your choice. You are growing now, into what you will be as toiling anxious men : and what you will be as men )ou will most likely be for ever. You will carry with you into the other world the character you shall have formed here : and the bliss or woe of your life bc}-ond the grave will be mainly tlic out- THE INEVITABLE CHOICE 57 come of that. To be good, is to be happy here, so far as that may be : Happy, you will find out, is not quite the word. But to be good, is to be perfectly happy hereafter : ' He that is holy, let him be holy still.' That is what we call Heaven. Your life in the world we cannot now see will be an unbroken continuation of your life here in these student days : and you will be there, always, just what you are growing to be Here. It is strange, and touching, how at the very last, when words must be few, and the desire is to gather up into a brief sentence the sum of all past teaching, the weary soul goes back to the simple yet sublime foundation-truth implied in those words of Moses which form this day's text ; and rests there. It ought not to be forgot in this College how two St. Andrews students were sent for home when their mother died. Here is the short story as one of them told it, when he was a great man, and his mother had been far away for fifty years. ' We were made to kneel at her bed- side. She kissed and blest us ; and the last words I ever heard her pronounce now vibrate on my ear, — Farewell ! and oh, be good.' I was present at the parting of a lad who had been the stay of mother and brothers from those to whom he had 58 THE INEVITABLE CHOICE been all. lie took the hand of the brother next him in years : and looking earnestly at the poor sobbing woman and an awe-stricken little boy, he said, ' Try and do as ivcel's ye can.' I have listened to the greatest orators of the age : I never heard the sentence that came straighter to my heart. Only the other day, one well entitled to be called a great Head-Master died. Just an hour after he went, all the School was gathered in the chapel, to hear his last words to those he had so loved and toiled-for : dictated a little before his death, with an injunction that they should be read to the School by the head-boy. " The words were few. First, grateful thanks for loyalty and affection : and indeed these were the happy terms on which they lived there. Then, ' I wish, as a dying man, to record that lovingkindness and mercy have followed me all the days of my life : that firm faith in God is the sole firm stay in mortal life ; that all other ideas but Christ are illusory ; and that Duty is the one and sole thing worth living for.' Ay, the choice must be made : life and good, or death and evil. Some of you know how one of the must illus- trious of your Rectors was in wont to say that after all speculation and all philosophy, the Granite of the spiritual world, which bears up everything THE INEVITABLE CHOICE 59 else, is just this : that there is an awful and eternal difference between Right and Wrong, and that every man ought to strive to do Right. And George Eliot, in the latter days, used to say that of the three grand beliefs, two must be given up : a personal God and a Future Life : and therefore all the more would she cleave to the one unshaken fact of Duty. Then what is the sum of all Carlyle's teaching unless it be that there can be no amalgamation of Heaven and Hell : no blurring the tremendous entities of Right and Wrong. Now, think of that text. Moses said it, first, to Israel. But that is what God says to each of us : to every one who has a conscience, a sense of Right and Wrong, and sense to see we ought to do right and shun wrong. This is taken for granted, and built upon, in all God's Revelation : in all Christ's Atoning work : in all the Holy Spirit's operation. Christ wants a peculiar people, zealous of good works : that is the test. All the Law and the Prophets take that for the test. Of course, we know how the foundations go down into the ground, of Christian faith and doctrine. All Right, for us, taught as we have been, is done for Christ's cause and by His grace. But we must really take 60 THE INEVITABLE CHOICE something for granted. We understand all that as Christ and His hearers mutually understood it, without saying fully. Now, it is not that I take on myself to say this text to any. God is saying it to us all, young and old together. It is a choice we must each make. Not, like the fabled one, for once : but day by day, continually. It is the resultant of all our life. God make each of us choose life and good, and turn away from death and evil ! Each generation has to begin again : to make the choice for itself: both between good- and ill- doing, and between right- and wrong-judging. You, young friends, must make up your mind for yourselves, both what you are to think and what you are to do. We of an older generation used to fancy that our children would have the benefit of our dearly-bought experience : that they would start from where we had attained-to. In worldly advantage it is so. And surely there is nothing which any parent worth counting holds so precious in his own success, as that it enables him to give his boys a far better start than he had himself. But it is not so, unless in a very modified sense, in the spiritual order. The weary trial and probation must just be gone through again ; with all its THE INEVITABLE CHOICE 6 1 risks. You must be tried, for yourselves, whether you will go to right or left. And there is no more sorrowful sight to the old, than to see the young going wrong just as they themselves went. If they could but really take in what they will make of it ! In the arts and refinements of life, we are in incalculable advance of our fathers even a hundred years since. But in the great moral question of our life, we each begin as did Adam. The question whether a boy is to be a good boy or a bad boy, must be decided by the boy himself The question whether a young man coming to the University is to make the best of these precious years, or not, must, after all College counsel and home entreaty, be decided by the young man for himself A bad education, indeed, is generally successful : I mean. If you diligently train a human soul to evil, it is likely to be evil. But of a good education, — ay the very best, — who can foresee the issue ? — You cannot make a man good. He must (by the help of God's grace indeed) make himself so. Not a word now, not one, by way of explaining to you what is meant by Good and Right. You all know that, perfectly well. There is something always close at hand which will tell you that. 62 THE INEVITABLE CHOICE And knowing things I know, thoughts come into my mind which are better understood, without saying, between you and me. Frankly, I have great faith in you. That which is the black stain upon certain great Universities elsewhere, is hardly known among Scotch students : God be thanked. As for a general definition of the line Christ would have us take, I know nothing much better than what my first Professor of Divinity said to a flippant person who asked him the way to Heaven : Take tJie first turning to the Right, and keep straight on ! Believe it, young friends, the worst man on earth would not wish his boy to grow up such as he! And if a gray-headed sinner is not ashamed of his ways in the presence of ingenuous youth, this is because he is a very black sinner indeed. It has a wonderful power to keep us cheerful, if we are trying every day by God's help to do right, and to keep down what is bad in us : if we keep going to Christ, and asking Him to help our own best endeavours to put down in us the tendency to laziness, or half-hearted work, or ill- temper, or harsh speaking, or to anything unkind, untrue, or impure. And I tell you what you will THE INEVITABLE CHOICE 6^ find out as you grow older. This daily endeavour to be good, the New Testament would say holy, like Christ, will be a spring of interest which will never fail, when other interests fail with your failing self. You will never get tired of it. Here is a thing which, if you honestly want to get you are sure to get. Here is a thing which if you get it will not disappoint you. That is not the way of this world. Then, wrong-doing spoils the enjoyment of all simple pleasures ; — which are the purest and most lasting. No bad fellow, be he undergraduate or Doctor, can be happy in looking at one of our grand Winter sunsets ; or at a blossoming tree : or in taking his written pages in his hand and saying to himself. Now I have done that to my very best ! His taste demands the cayenne of vice : God pity and mend him. Even to little things, carry out conscientious doing. To be strict and careful in all little duties means that twenty times a day you are ranging yourselves in the great fight of the universe : in which even John Stuart Mill, great man and honest sorrowful un- believer, declared that Right is visibly gaining, and must conquer at last. To habitually do wrong, even in little things, is to knock your head against God's universe. You will have constant little 64 THE INEVITABLE CHOICE panfjs of vague remorse. You will have the per- vading sense that you are out of gear and bearing with all right things. You may not see it as yet, but you will find it out, Wrong-doing is the thing God hates : and it cannot prosper in the long-run- There is that on it which will blast it. But as for Duty: going and toiling at stiff tasks when you would far rather not : practising self-denial : never doing work just in a kind of way: thinking of them at home when temptation comes and daffing it aside : in brief, as for Right faithfully done ; think of Wordsworth's grand lines : Stern Law-giver ! Vet thou dost wear The tiodhead's most benignant grace ; Nor know we anything so fair, As is the smile upon thy face 1 I must say a word here : Somebody may w^ant it. When you go wrong, and do wrong, as you often will ; — Make a new beginning ! Forget past failures and errors : No worthy mortal will ever remind you of them ; and strive after a new and better way, by God's help. The New Testament calls this Repentance : and we must all be repent- ing, many times. Make a fresh start. Take warning from the past : but don't let it hang round your neck, crushing you down. Never you think THE INEVITABLE CHOICE 65 you have got into such trouble that you can't be worse. Judas might have done better than hang himself. Go and tell your Professor : Tell your father or mother : and you will wonder how things will be put straight, and you have another chance. The things that finally ruin men are done after they have concluded that the case is desperate. A man once said, when things looked bad for the country, — ' Ah, well, it will last my time.' He was a king ; but he was a miserable contemptible wretch all the same. Even to plant a tree that will be growing after you are dead, has in it some- thing ennobling. To all men, but the basest, it is of profound interest what you young men, who are to form the next generation, shall be. And people who have children of their own do not live very long till the interest of this life is all in their children. Their own career, they feel, is sadly blotted, with blots which will never quite go out : They have taken a wrong turning at some critical time, — got into a wrong line, and can never come right. We are hopeful, sometimes, that all our errors will be avoided in the fresh experiment of a new life : anxious, often, how it is to fare with our boys when we are far away. We think of them grown-up, anxious, gray : What-like will they be F 66 THE INEVITABLE CHOICE and where ? What will you have made of life, you young men, in thirty years ? It will just be about thirty years. Your life will be made or marred long before then. Then, if you are in this world, you will be mainly reaping what you have sown ; God knows how your fortune may vary. ' He puttcth down one and sctteth up another.' It is chiefly a matter of what some call Luck ; — which means God's Election ; and its decisions are very arbitrary and strange. No one can say which of you is to get on best. But you MUST make a good thing of life, if you choose good. You MUST end well. If you grow, here, fit for a better Place, — pure, kind, magnanimous, hard-working, unselfish, — you will not be a Failure. Now how strangely they come back to one to- day, looking on your young faces, the hopeful com- panions of early student days ! And oh, God's Election : How strange ! never stranger than in this : that the very best and most hopeful were the first to go. Tait to the throne at Canterbury : Halley, ' the man that beat Tait,' to his early tomb. Tennyson, till four-score, to lift-up the English- speaking world: Hallam to 'the grave that has been wept above. With more than mortal tears.' I do not pretend to know, any more than did THE INEVITABLE CHOICE 67 Socrates, which had the better : only that the ways ran far apart. There is no more vivid recollection in some minds than of being told that such a one had come back from College very distinguished, but smitten with decline. Then the walk of several miles through country lanes to the farm- house. He was not much changed, to our boyish eyes. The face was flushed : a spot on each cheek too red : there was a short cough : even a boy remarked how the poor mother looked at her son. Not a word was spoken of illness. He said Good- bye. You came away with a companion who was grown-up ; and when you reached the highway you said, ' Surely tJiere's not vitich the matter! But the answer, gravely said, wd^s/ Ah, poor Ralph is dying! The hawthorns were masses of fragrance then. But amid the first chill of the Winter there came the announcement in the newspapers, you being hard at student-work : the name, the age, and just these words, ' A young man of great promise! Let me testify, for one, that those who went were the youths who appeared the likeliest to come to some- thing more than considerable. Hardly less touch- ing is the rare case one knew, a College friend who early in life rose to a really high place : one that the world would recognise as such. He had 68 THE INEVITABLE CHOICE reached a level where his life and work were digni- fied and pleasant as the life of only a very few can be : and then the feeble fibre in his bodily consti- tution told : he drooped and died : hardly in middle age. He had preserved all his College exercises : a brother looked over them (I knew them well) ; and burnt them with a few tears. It has to be done. The pages we covered will have to go. We shall not mind, then. When Solomon told his son to get wisdom, he did not tell him how to get it : and awful and heart-breaking was the irony of the event. The son of the wisest man, and so solemnly charged to get wisdom, stands out in the history of the Race just the very greatest fool. Not but what the streak of folly was very apparent in the father too. Dear young friends, there need not be that crushing disappointment, either to the old who counsel or the young who are counselled, in the grand matter of the attainment commended to you to-day. Ask for it in the right quarter : seek the Blessed Spirit to help you : do your own honest best : and sure as God rules you will be good and happy, — as much as may be here. I shall not see you when your hair is gray, and when you are bearing the burden of the latter years : but I know THE INEVITABLE CHOICE 69 that then you will be able to testify to another generation that the plan had answered and that the choice was wise. Not every one of you has in him the makings of a great lawyer, or artist, or scientist, or soldier, or divine. Not every one of you has in him the makings of mathematician or scholar. God gives us diversity of gifts ; and the world is the richer for it. But one thing you may all do : You may live a noble, pure, unselfish life ; and do good to some. You may stand by God and good against death and evil. Life is before you ; and here is the very best you can do with it : avoiding our errors ; gaining by our experience, bought with many a stumble : delivered, if it be God's will, from our cares. You will not think all this a matter of small account. It goes to the foundation of things : It includes all the solemn verities of the spiritual order. The sum of all that prophets have taught, and psalmists beautified : all the uplifting of devo- tion, of praise and prayer : all the glory of beneficent and heroic action : all the teaching of Christ Himself: found just on the homely but sublime truth, understandable from infancy, that there is infinite and eternal difference between Right and Wrong ; and that our work here is to 70 THE INEVITABLE CHOICE choose the Right. You never forget the doctrinal foundations : how love to the Blessed Redeemer Who died and lives for us, is the great spring of all right-doing : how the awfulness of wrong-doing is burnt into our memory by the Cross : how the Holy Spirit must help us in our daily endeavours to do right, and to conquer our own special tempta- tion. Even people who had never seen the New Testament had found out the need of help above ourselves. Speaking to the old, it is a vain thing to appeal to spiritual ambition. The lowliest place, where there is rest : Under His pierced feet will suffice. But with you, there is a hopefulness : your hearts are not yet wearied, as they are sure to be. Think, then, young soldiers of the Cross, what mountain peaks lie before you to climb : mountain peaks, but all of them accessible ! There is far more to be made of heart than of head. The improvement possible here is absolutely limitless. It might be mockery to say to the very brightest of you, Try to be as bright as Shakspere. But, God be thanked, it is no mockery to say to any one of you, — Try to be as good as Christ I V TRIED BY PROVOCATION V TRIED BY PROVOCATION^ ' And Aaron held his peace.'— Leviticus x. 3. For old, and for young, here is a lesson : an ex- ample. There are greater duties, and lesser duties, we know : but I am bold to say that times come, in the life of man and woman, in which there is not a more bounden duty, than to be silent : and, most certainly, not one thing which it is more for our advantage to do. We may all make many mis- takes : we have, all of us, made many : but never a more regrettable mistake, — never one that more lowered us in the judgment of friends and people not friends, — never one on which we looked back with deeper shame and humiliation, than when we opened our lips and spoke, in the minute wherein we ought to have kept silence. It is rather by what you say, than by what you ' St. Mary's, St. Andrews : Sunday, August 6, 1893. 74 TRIED BY PROVOCATION do (Believe it, young people), that you make enemies. A smart sa)'ing, very bright and clever and just a little ill-natured, has put a spoke in the wheel, and changed a man's whole career. Not necessarily for the worse : though that is the more likely event. But over all these things there rules God's Election. One has known what should have spoiled a career, make it. But this is a fringe of my subject. We have to think of far more serious things. It was an awful blow that had fallen upon Aaron : just as heavy las could fall. It was a knock-down blow : one of those which stun ; which crush into the dust : whfch arc like to kill. For 1 some grievous and daring act of profanity as to God's worship, — somethi ng done, as is now sup- posed, when the wretched men were intoxicated,— his two sons were awfully punished. There is no need to go into details : .that is not my subject : but Nadab and Abihu were, in a moment, stricken dead as by lightning. Moses said just a word to Aaron, as to how this came to be. 'And Aaron held his peace.' He was stunned, perhapiS, and could not speak. Perhaps he could have said |a great deal, if he had allowed himself to speak alt all. They were his TRIED BY PROVOCATION 75 sons : they had once been innocent Httle boys : it was very hard that for a thoughtless deed, done when they hardly knew what they were doing, they should be smitten down in this frightful way. But no : these things shall not even be thought : To accuse God is a thing that must not be, that must be stifled : God's way must be right. But there are efforts which are too great for poor humanity. When Moses pointed out that this Jiad to be, that it was only what was to be looked-for ; you could not expect Aaron to say Amen : that would have been too much. He could not speak out and declare that his sons had deserved it all. But as the blasted corpses lay on the earth before him, and the people looked on in consternation, he could bow, silently, under the fearful judgment. He was not able to open his mouth. Perhaps he durst not. If he had spoken then, he might have uttered words to be repented-of. This is all that need be said of Aaron to-day. Of course we all remember that he is not the only one recorded in holy scripture as silent under God's afflicting hand. We never forget David, King and Psalmist, how he said ' I was dumb, I opened not my mouth ; because Thou didst it' We are to turn to ourselves ; and to think that "jd TRIED BY TROVOCATION times arc sure to come to us in which this must be our way : to hold our peace. When a heavy blow falls upon us, — and such have fallen upon the best, — silence is sometimes all that is possible, and it is almost always the wiser way. If, really meaning it, you can speak as the patient patriarch spoke, — that is well : it ma\' help another. I have known more than one or two who, when they came to be tried as he was, did what he did, and said what he said. Who can forget that old story, of a most miser- able day gone for thousands of years ? ' Fell down upon the ground, and worshipped. The Lord gave, and the Lord hath taken away : Blessed be the name of the Lord.' But I confess to you that many times, going on before the coffin towards the waiting grave, I have felt as though the grand and hopeful words were too much to say : as though they transcended what was possible from the be- reaved and stricken heart. Times without number, passing up the nave of that great but desolate cathedral, with the Spring hopefulness in the mild air and on the turf growing green underfoot, the solemn sentences have been spoken : and one thought of Aaron's silence, and of David without a word, — then and there. For such words should not be spoken unless they arc deeply meant : and TRIED BY PROVOCATION ']'^ very blessed is the mourner who can deeply mean them. No one has more heartily gone along with those devout and good men who have in these days brought back the touching and beautiful custom of laying the Christian dead to the long rest with the sublime words that tell of gospel hope, and of our Blessed Saviour the Resurrection and the Life : the restoration, surely, is to that which is better. But I will acknowledge that there is justification, too, for the silent and solemn burial which for a time was characteristic of our country. There are few here who have not seen those most dear to them laid in the mould in that undemonstrative way, not unbefitting our quiet race. And that silence implies no want of feeling. Never did human heart feel more keenly than the heart of the high-priest of whom my text tells. To those who can understand, silence can convey more than speech. In that hour in which he thought and felt what no words could say, ' Aaron held his peace,' But neither is this exactly what I desire to say to you from this text. The lesson for us all is rather the wisdom of keeping silence under pro- vocation. Men and women of experience are afraid to let themselves get angry. They dread 78 TRIED BY TROVOCATION Provocation more than they dread Pain. And with good reason. There is not an experience, among the experi- ences of ordinar}^ life, which more searchingly tries us, and tests us, than Provocation. There is not an experience out of which many good people come worse. There is nothing on which decent folk look back with greater humiliation, and regret, than on what they said and did when provoked : specially when provoked by the lesser offences w^hich must needs come. When a blow falls upon us which is plainly God's doing, — some great bereavement, or great bodily pain, — what we call an inevitable accident, — something in which man's malice or folly has no hand, — we are able to bow beneath the chastening rod : we try to look up to our kind and wise Saviour, and to say Thy lui/l be done. We take that humbly, and uncomplainingly. But it is quite another thing when the blow is given by a human hand : specially when it seems to have been given for an unworthy reason : out of spite, or envy, from causeless dislike, or the desire to mortify, and give pain. And unhappily it is too manifest that the trouble which man causes to man, is commonly of the like discreditable origin. When TRIED BY PROVOCATION 79 one man says to another, — ' We must trip up such a person, — try to prevent some work to which he has given much toil and time from succeeding, — tiy to keep him back from something he would like,— ^^r the disappointment would do him a great deal of good ' : we all know exactly what that means. Jealousy, malignity ; a wretched delight in giving pain. That sham about doing the man good, takes in nobody. And there is no doubt at all that people who bow humbly under far worse when it comes by Christ's own doing, are often found to fret and murmur bitterly at injury done them by their fellow-man. And I will say at once, that it is only to God Almighty that we are bound to say Thy luill be done. We are fully entitled to sit in judgment on the doings of any mortal, how great soever. No man is infallible : no man is safe always to do right. Only to One can rational being say, without abnegating his birthright of reason, / was dumb, I opened not my mouth ; because Thou didst it. But, whatever you may think, of the unjust or unkind doing of a fellow-mortal ; beware what you say ! If you are wise, you will hold 3'our peace : in the hour of the irritating sense of personal injury. No man in this world can quite keep the dignity of humanity, the sense So TRIED BY PROVOCATION of self-respect, while complaining that he has been ill-used. Practically, very few will care : even if it be quite certain you have been. In fact, your hearers may probably think you have not been ill- used at all. Most people get quite as much as they deserve. One, here and there, gets a great deal more : but that is God's Sovereignty : He is the great disposer. If, under provocation, you allow yourself to speak, to pour out what is in your heart ; you will let yourself down most grievously in the judgment of those whose judgment you most value : you will show a pettiness of mind and a bitterness of temper which you did not think was in you : you will say a great deal that is unworthy, unfair, and perhaps even untrue : and by the very act of giving it expression you will greatly aggravate all that is regrettable and humiliating within you. Few people quite realise how feeling is intensified, and the most wrong- headed and extravagant convictions confirmed, by talking them out. For that is commonly done with weary iteration. I tell you what I have seen ; and grieved over. A word more must be said of this : It needs to be looked straight at. When I speak of the un- wisdom of yielding to this temptation (which no TRIED BY PROVOCATION 8 1 doubt it is most natural to do), I am not thinking of the case in which the speaker breaks out, and goes to an extreme which is a discredit to a rational being. We have all seen that unhappy- instance : a man to whom it has pleased God to give a supersensitive nervous system (possibly a very clever and lovable man) suddenly firing up into violent passion in which he becomes incoherent and almost inarticulate ; quite going off his head for the time. You may have seemed quite cool : you may have retained an entire fluency : you may have said very clever and incisive things, which brought down the by-standers. But oh, you had better have held your peace. If it be a personal offence you are avenging : if the element of per- sonal interest or estimation be present at all : believe it, you have shewn up yourself more cruelly than any one else. Ay, even though you have right upon your side. It is a sorrowful thing to see a truly outstanding and deserving person, old or young (of course worst when old) step down from his pedestal, inconceivably lessen and lower himself in your estimation, by bursting forth in sudden wrath, though not one syllable be said but what is certainly true. Ah, the fallen idol one has seen ! Dear friends, be advised. Never speak a G 82 TRIED BY PRO VOCATION word under personal irritation. Never say a word of a human being who is more successful and prosperous than yourself, if you cannot honestly commend him. You will make a poor figure. There is not a sadder thing, than to hear some really good folk stedfastly running-down all who approach near themselves in their own vocation. It is a spot on the sun : and a very grievous one. And the best and greatest have not been free from it. Saying this, it is impossible to help thinking of the recent biography of one who was in his day the greatest man in the great Church of England. He was most shamefully ill-used. The way in which he was held back was a glaring scandal. But it was not for him, nor for his son, to say so. Every- body knew it, without that. And it would have been fine, if he had held his peace. Possibly it would have been superhuman. Remark : It is well to be angiy on great ques- tions which touch the awful difference between Right and Wrong ; and where your own personality is not involved in any degree. Range yourself, ever so resolutely, on God's side of that great dividing-line of His universe. Even if you speak too warmly, few will blame you here. In these days there is, in some, a disposition to shade off TRIED BY PROVOCATION 83 the tremendous fact of Good or Evil. What Car- lyle called The Heaven and Hell Amalgamation Movement must evermore be vehemently protested against. But this is a totally different matter. The thing to be guarded against is that which will be regarded by most people as, latently or openly, standing up for yourself That, when you are angry, not at all ! Silence ! For your own sake. Aaron, we know, was not always wise : any more than Solomon, or Socrates, or St. Peter, or any human being except Christ. But he shewed himself a wise man on that day when he held his peace. Ah, there is that within us which if per- mitted to burst its flood-gates, would astonish us, would frighten us. We did not think it;was there : that flood of bitter feeling, of wrath, of discontent. And not merely should you keep silence till that evil hour be past, because if you speak you are sure to say what you will be ashamed of, but because to speak out what is in you will fan the flame which burns within. To express feeling, will intensify it. You will say worse than you mean ; and you will gradually come to mean the worst you say. And perhaps you have acquaintances who will take a vile pleasure in beholding you on that down-grade, and in giving you a push along 84 TRIED PY PROVOCATION it. I have beheld calculating wire-pullers enjoying the excessive vehemence with which a truly-great man was expressing himself; and trj-ing still further to excite him. I was angry, with an anger of which I am not ashamed. And I knew well that such creatures were capable of repeating all this, to the great man's disadvantage. Of course, it is always and everywhere doing the Devil's work, to try to lead any mortal into temptation. Yet one has known comparatively- decent men, who would not exactly have advised anybody to break any one of the Ten Command- ments, who would deliberately set themselves to irritate and embitter a human being a thousand times better than themselves, in the hope that he might break-out into something extravagant. I have seen them succeed. And I have heard them chuckle over it afterwards. It is a sad sight to see a coarse-grained, thick-skinned creature doing what he would call Drawing a great and good man. And great and good men are many times unduly sensitive. Here is what makes the devoutest and best stedfastly stay away from certain deliberative councils. It is too much for them. I do not say but what this is their own fault ; or misfortune. ]^ut we all continually say solemn words which TRIED BY PROVOCATION 85 run, Lead us not into temptation. It is manifest that for a long time to come the civilized world is to be governed by Parliaments, Conferences, Councils of divers kind. Let us be thankful that there are good and wise men who feel themselves drawn to such gatherings : who can bear to hear their most cherished opinions contradicted there ; and who can set forth their own views and the reasons for them without undue excitement, and above all without personal abuse of their opponents. For it is sorrowfully obvious that when many men come to be tried by the provocations of such meetings and debates, the trial is too great for them. Nowhere is this more lamentably apparent than in what are called Church-Courts. Such things are very mortifying to see and hear. Let me get out of this, for any sake : I have heard a truly-good man say, with anguish in his face. And God knows it was no wonder. Let us hope that next morning some men were heartily ashamed of what they had said and done. They had not been themselves : to use the expressive phrase of old-fashioned Scotch folk, t/ieir corruption had been stirred-up : And no good Christian could see the result but with deep sorrow. Ah, words may be said which though repented next day in S6 TRIED BY PROVOCATION dust and ashes, can never be forgot : but will abide as a black stain upon a good reputation. Such as cannot go well through such provocation, should keep away from it. Far better, for such, to have been with Daniel in the lions' den. They might have suffered there. But it is much worse to sin. I do not think that in the range of what may be called lesser sins, there is one on which really- good and sensible people look back with so deep humiliation, as their sayings and doings when tried by Provocation, Both because they feel, intensely, how foolish, unworthy, spiteful, and unfair their behaviour was, and are thus humbled before themselves ; and also because they know, instinctively, how severely their best friends condemn what they said and did, and how long and vividly their worst friends will remember it. One was grieved to hear the story told, after long }"cars, of an act of hasty folly in a saintly man, which ought to have been buried in oblivion. Let us try to remember people at their best. But there are folk who, by a fatal necessity, always remember people at their very worst. And such folk, I have remarked, have likewise the faculty of drawing-out the very worst that is in the people they converse with, TRIED BY PROVOCATION 8y Do not fancy that I am offering to you what may be called a Moral Essay. Here is vital Christian duty : to be done by the constant grace of the Blessed Spirit (it will never be done without that) : and to be made matter of continual and most earnest prayer. Yet listen to this counsel, old and young : Do not allow yourself to get angry. Of course you understand what I mean. Keep off from people who rub you the wrong way. Keep away from subjects which you cannot discuss calmly. And do not speak when you are selfishly angry : that is, irritated by some personal injury. Few have done so without repenting it. Do not speak about any mortal towards whom you have an extreme antipathy. You will not do justice either to him or to yourself. Do not, on any account, write a letter when angry. Or if it would relieve your heart to write it, be sure you do not send it. Doubtless, dear friends, though we do all we can to keep out of harm's way, we shall each come to be tried by Provocation. Let HIM grant that dwelleth above that we come through it as fairly as He sees good. It is not likely that the ex- perience will be such that we shall look back on it with undue elation. That is, unless we be very SS TRIED BY PROVOCATION foolish indeed. And it may be that we shall have to look back on it with sorrowful self-condemna- tion : wondering to find in ourselves what that hour brings to light. We shall not willingly go where we shall be subjected to such a strain. Yet remember, in great humility, that Provocation can bring nothing out of you but what was in you : though latent there. And do not be hard on poor souls, — poor souls whether among the highest or the humblest, — who have been subjected to provo- cations you never knew ; and who fired-up and burst out very wildly under them. We know, in ourselves, what far less might have made of us. And we, never so tried, need not be self-satisfied. No : but very thankful : and very humble. VI MODEST EXPECTATION AT WHITSUNTIDE VI MODEST EXPECTATION AT WHITSUNTIDE i As the appearance of the bow that is in the cloud in the day of rain.' — Ezekiel i. 28. This is the text which has come to me for this Pentecost, day of rejoicing : this day on which the Blessed Comforter came. Many times, very many, have I spoken upon this day to the Christian congregation : Of course there can be but one sub- ject, in this hour. Yet there need be no sameness : there is wide diversity and variety in the story, and in the message, of Whitsun-Day. For we Hve, we Christian people who are * waiting for the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ,' under the Dispensation of the Holy Spirit : This is His Day. From that first Pentecost on till the hour when Christ shall come again, the Church, and all Her members, are under the special charge, ■ Parish church, St. Andrews : May 13, 1894, Whitsun-Day. 92 MODEST EXPECTATION AT WHITSUNTIDE enlightenment, guidance, consolation, and tutelage from hour to hour, of the Third Person in the awful Trinity. How we take things, every little thing that comes to us : How we are affected, educated, formed by all that array of small ex- periences which makes our little life : How we are helped through work : calmed under the fretting wear that never leaves us : kept from breaking- down and dying under the crushing blow : all these, and facts in our history beyond numbering, on which one could write a volume or preach every Sun- day for a year : are some little part in the story of the dealings with our individual souls, lonely, lonely in such pathetic details known to no one but ourselves, of the Blessed and Holy Spirit Which is God : Whom Christ promised to send after He went to brethren else left comfortless, left orphans : and whom He did send upon this selfsame day. The truth is : Every word a preacher can say, really speaking to the real experience of any Christian man or woman, — sinful, saved, sanctified some little : nay more, every sentence an essayist could write for the guidance and cheer of unknown friends : ay, the talk of blossoming trees in their glory and fragrance, and of the hopeful lustre of the woods of the early Summer : all these, if in any MODEST EXPECTATION AT WHITSUNTIDE 93 measure done worthily, truthfully, and earnestly as by one solemnly responsible, are a setting-forth of little details in the infinitely-diversified dealing with immortal souls of this great Enlightener, Quickener, Educator, Consoler, Prompter of heart-communion with God. And all these, time by time, with the voice and on the printed page, I have tried, by His own help, to set forth to tried souls. But to-night I am turning from them all, to a new track of thought never beaten before ; and sketched out by this text which has come to me. Indeed the text gave it me : pointed me to it : said what my short message to-night had to be. And in such a case, many preachers have found that it was the message which some soul needed, just then. I think this text suggests what may save some tried soul from a dull, blank disappointment. Even of the Almighty Spirit of God we are not to expect too much. You know what-like is ' the appearance of the bow that is in the cloud in the day of rain.' Wonderfully beautiful and bright : a gleam of glory amid the dark clouds : but the dark clouds are there. The rainbow does not dispel them : it 94 MODEST EXPECTATION AT WHITSUNTIDE promises that in God's time they shall go : and already it is a little expanse of brightness and hopefulness amid the deep gloom. When the windows of heaven were opened in days after the Deluge, and the drenching rains came down, the gray fathers of the early world might have trembled, but that the mild arch of promise was there, saying that the Flood should not return again. There was God's pledge, that not such should be the end of this world. And going beyond that first assurance of the type that never ' grows pale with age,' there is that in the bow which God has set in the cloud which suggests faith and hope in the darkest days that come upon our homes, our Church, our Race. It seems a good text for Pentecost : day of rejoicing : day when the Comforter came : day when of old the churches, over Christendom, were thronged by multitudes clad in white array, the garb of thankful joy. For it was WJiitc- Sunday then. That gleam of beautiful and joyful light and colour in the dark horizon, is suggestive on a day like this : suggests something which is true to the experience of most Christian people. He is a mighty Comforter Who came down on that first Day of Pentecost ; and Who has never MODEST EXPECTATION AT WHITSUNTIDE 95 gone away. He is a Divine Comforter : He is God Almighty. He can do anything. He could utterly dispel all clouds and rain ; and make blaz- ing sunshine of our lot. Just a word from Him : and even here there might be ' no more death, neither sorrow, nor crying, neither any more pain.' We need ' strong consolation,' doubtless : but never any that is beyond His strength. It would be easy for Him to make an end of the pathetic Need- Be of St. Barnabas, that ' we must through much tribulation enter into the kingdom of God ' : easy for Him to sweep away for ever and a day that older heritage of poor mortality, that ' man is born to trouble, as the sparks fly upward ' — meaning as sure as that. Ay : but He has not done it. His light, — it is there, — but it gleams through the gloom and does not dispel it : His cheer is a reality, — but it just keeps the bleeding heart from breaking, — and that is all. Yes : the almighty Comforter is here in this Church and world of never-ending sorrow and trouble, only ' as the appearance of the bow that is in the cloud in the day of rain.' The Comforter has come to the heart : but the face is lined and worn ; and the eyes look at you wistfully, and through tears. The green leaves are bright, as they used to be, and the blossoms are beautiful 96 MODEST EXPECTATION AT WHITSUNTIDE and fragrant as in a May thirty years since : but though doubtless the Comforter could give back- all the old vernal buoyancy, yet of a truth He hath not done so. The graves are too many for that : the scars of bereavement and loss and disappoint- ment are too deep. And the weary struggler can barely struggle through. There is that in your lot : that in your memory of the way you have come : which the Blessed Comforter will just help you to live through, and no more. Sometimes barely tliat. But you know that without Him, there come hours in which you would break down and die. It is our way to say (and doubtless it is in some sense true), that it would not be good for us, here, that the great Comforter should do His work fully : that it is better that all the cheer and brightness He brings into our dwellings should be but a faint glimmering and specimen of what He could do were He not hampered. You understand what I mean : there is only one way in which we can talk of God Almighty being hampered. It is when He is hindered of going straight to what we know to be His end, by considerations of the nature and circumstances of the beings He is working on : and of what is for their true good. Take, for MODEST EXPECTATION AT WHITSUNTIDE 97 example, the bringing all nations into the Church of Christ. Does God need our poor struggling Missions : the perpetual beating-up for money : the song that is made when this lad and that in some Divinity Hall gives his life-work to the heathen world : the pressure of petty and disen- chanting worries and shifts which come like a plash of cold water upon hearts lifted up by the jubilant singing of some beautiful missionary hymn ? Does God need all these humbling disen- chantments, when one word, one stretching-forth of the almighty Hand, could make all mankind Christian to-morrow ? Ah, but that is not His way of doing what yet He desires to be done : He uses our poor weak agencies : and some day it will be made manifest that His way is the right way. Even so with the Divine Comforter and His work. Christ promised to send Him. Christ did send Him on Pentecost. And yet what a life of trouble they had to live to whom the Comforter came ! You remember St. Paul's catalogue of the perils and sorrows an Apostle had to go through. It must be even so with us ; not worthy to be named with such as these. Not, for us, the evenly joyous lot : not, for us, the quiet heart. Trouble has to come : the sharp stroke, the enduring frct- H 98 MODEST EXPECTATION AT WHITSUNTIDE ting care. And \vc must just abide them. The Blessed Comforter keeps us up : keeps us somehow going on. In the darkness there comes a little light : and a promise of more. It is like the rain- bow on the lowering horizon. The Comforter does not send away the trouble : He only helps us to live through it. He comes, ' as the appearance of the bow that is in the cloud in the day of rain.' Ah, there arc those who know the unutterable pathos of the story of the terrible privations, bereavements, temptations, — bewildering, stunning, — which Christ's best children have been enabled to endure : barely to endure ! I never forgot how one said to me, long ago, — quietly said, ' It's a wonder I am living at all ! ' God knows it was. It is a homely sentence : you hear it continually : but there is real tragedy in it : U7iat tJiey Came Through. One might say on this day of Pentecost, if we did not know something very different, — Surely Christ's people should never know anxiety or sorrow : their faces should always be bright. A Comforter is promised them Who can do anything. He is able to cheer. He comes to cheer. How can they be careworn } They tell us that under more sunshiny skies even our anxious race is less MODEST EXPECTATION AT WHITSUNTIDE 99 burdened than here. But He should bring the sunshine of the heart, on the wintriest day. — It is not Christ's way. ' Anxious I have Hved,' was the testimony of one of Christ's good children, drawing to the close. It is a grand counsel, the ' Be careful for nothing ' : but it is a counsel of perfection. Not even he who gave it to us could always carry it out here. Dare we say, that in that night's unutterable agony in Gethsemane, not Christ Himself could quite ' take no thought for the morrow,' and what it was to bring? I am not going, now, to. speak of want of faith in ourselves, want of submission, want of perpetual crying to the Divine Comforter : though all these wants are there. But of homely facts we all know. Some great heavy abiding trouble : Can I forget how one, long at rest, spoke to me of ' a living sorrow ' ? that good Christian soul. Some pain to bear in body, some darkness in mind : something in the domestic life, something as concerns the little means, which buy the precious ' necessaries of life': You may pray with little ceasing that the great Comforter would quite deliver you from these. But the answer may be. No. The Comforter will not help you to that degree. Go on, go on, like St. Paul under his humbling thorn H 2 lOO MODEST EXrECTATION AT WHITSUNTIDE in the flesh : year after year. You will just be kept up enough to keep you from breaking down and dying : but no more. — You may say this is poor comfort : ah, what might you have come to without it ? You remember the awful alternative named long ago by Job's wife. You remember, what is far better to remember, the patient patriarch's ' Though He slay me, yet will I trust in Him.' Yes : the Comforter was working on that torn heart, on that black day. And sometimes, though )'ou be Christ's good child, and though )'OU have earnestly prayed for the Comforter, this may be all He will do for you. Do not make sure of more. More may be given, far more. But go to your closet, and fall on your knees, and thank God for even this. Tried Christian people, grown wearied in the greatness of the way, is not this enough ? Does any one say I am telling you a discouraging story on this day of good-cheer ? Nay verily. I could not truly tell you more. If I said. Come to Jesus, Ask for the indwelling of the Blessed Comforter : and then j'ou will be happy ever after ; — you will live a cheerful joyous life, all troubles swept awaj' : }'ou would know tJiat was not true to your own experience. Ikit if MODEST EXPECTATION AT WHITSUNTIDE TGI we are assured of all the comfort we need, to bear us safely through this world of trouble to the world where trouble is unknown : — and if we get never any too much, but never too little to live by ; shall we not be humbly content ? Will not that make Christ's promise true, ' I will not leave you comfortless ' ? Surely He has not. Oftentimes we thought we should be beaten. But we never have quite been. He has not left us comfortless ! There are bright times in life, when things go cheerily. We do not need to be comforted then. We do not need to be lifted up when we have never been cast down, and brought low. God bless you who are living in sunshine : Long may it last. But I look on to the day, sure to come, when the cloud of trouble will arise from some quite- unexpected quarter : when some one to whom you are somehow bound may prove a ceaseless anxiety : when some burden, for long lightly- borne, may turn heavier than you can bear, I look on to the day, sure to come, when your home will be dark : when the old familiar face will be changed ; and you must bury your dead from your sight. That day may delay long : but it has got to be. And oh, thank God, if in such dark times, the 102 MODEST EXPECTATION AT WHITSUNTIDE Blessed and Holy Spirit of God, the good and kind Comforter, be in your homo, in your heart, and to all you care for, just Light enough to live by : Light enough whereby to hope on : even ' as the appearance of the bow that is in the cloud in the day of rain.' VII CONSUMMATION VII COA^S UMMA TION ' ' And he shall go no more out.' — Rev. iii. 12. We all of US often read little passages of Holy Scripture, not taking in their force. Then, some day, perhaps, a ray of light seems to fall upon the words ; and of a sudden we discern a deep mean- ing in them. It has proved so, with some reader here and there, as to this brief text. I know that to some, this is a specially signifi- cant and precious promise. It conveys a great deal. Let us look at it, and think it out. Let no one say it is not much for a text, I tell you it is a grand one : if I am enabled to set it out rightly to you. You know how it comes in. You have heard the chapter read. You know Who speaks : It is ' Preached in the Chapel, Farnham Castle, Sunday, June li, 1893. I06 -CONSUMMATION Christ Himself: speaking to the angel of the church in Philadelphia. 'Him that overcomcth ' : him that fights, and conquers, temptation, danger, trouble, sin : ' will I make a pillar in the temple of my God ' : give him a high place, for usefulness and beauty, in the glorified Church : * And he shall go no more out.' He shall not lose his place. He shall keep it, evermore. It is a great promise. We have to go out. It is the condition of our being here. We come into church : we come to the holy table : and by God's grace, we are delivered from the cares outside : from the heavy, anxious heart. We are delivered from sin and temptation outside : the power of evil is weakened in us : we arc better and happier people than we have been for long : we say to ourselves 'It is good for us to be here.' But, in a little, we must go out : we go down from the mount of ordinances, from the mount of Communion. The peace fades away : the love waxes cold : the cares and anxious thoughts come around us again. You would not think that wc had been with Jesus. Old tempta- tions and follies assert their power, as before. The Best is a short blink here. That is the rule. CONSUMMATION lOJ The time of blossoms is brief ; and the time of roses. The blazing summer-days are few. Under a miraculous sunset you have seen hills and waters glorify into a splendour which they wear only on two or three evenings in the long year. The longest season is the Winter. Cold and darkness last. In our anxious and weary lives, we have had a glimpse of peace sometimes. It is as when a little vessel has got into a sheltered cove, safe from waves and winds. We have got away from our troubles. And we are thankful, here, for a little thing. But we know, all the while, that we must soon put out to sea again : put out upon that ' sea of troubles,' which is the ' sea of life.' The anxious faces we see : we know their meaning well. And when human beings, after many a sore struggle, after much weaning from the vain hopes and am- bitions of early da}'s through mortifying failure, after many a painful lesson, think they have in a measure got out of the wood, got clear of care for themselves, then cares for their children come, which will last for life. Now, TJicre ; never to go out of the blessed peace and quiet. To abide always at our best, and peacefullest. It is an un- speakable thing ! Yet that is the meaning of lOS CONSUMMATION Christ's jiromisc : aiul surcl}' it is made to us, as well as to overdriven Christian souls in Asia long ago : ' 1 will nial of ' how it will go with us.' Sometimes we arc able to feel like that ; and then we break down. ' But I trust in the Lord,' are St. Paul's first words after he had dictated those which form my text. We pray that they may be ours. Yet it is a pathetic thing, take it how you may, in the appointed lot of poor humanity, the blind THE CONDITION ALWAYS UNDERSTOOD 1 47 way in which we must go on. * Boast not thyself of to-morrov/, for thou knowest not what a day may bring forth.' We often forget it, though never for long. Something comes, and reminds us. We plan ahead, as though the future were sure. And quite fitly too. It is God's manifest intention. It would unnerve us, and unfit for our duty, to dwell continually on one side of the truth. Jehovah-Jireh : the Lord will provide. ' As thy days, so shall thy strength be.' ' Be careful for nothing ' : you remem- ber the grand text, with its magnificent counsel of superhuman perfection. So we try to hope : though sad things have come. And St. Paul varied in his mood, as we do. St. Paul was no better off than we. Often, he had the spirit of prophecy. He foresaw the coming history of the Church. Did he see it all ? One wonders how he stood it, if he did : that awful record of sin and shame. But put that aside, to-day : his own coming life was not so revealed. And here we are at home with him. You read his words : a id you say to yourself, y\h, how like me ! He woulci make up his mind what to do, he says, ' So soon as I shall see how it will go with me.' He would see that when the event came. Not before. He must wait : as each of us has waited. And the more human beings you care for, the L2 148 THE CONDITION ALWAYS UNDERSTOOD greater room for anxious thought as to how things will go. It is not merely, like St. Paul, 'go with vie' It is, go with husband and wife ; go with the boys and girls. And not merely how things will go in God's mysterious providence : but how things will go through the folly and the wrong- doing of many besides ourselves. Things might go, too, in such a way that there would be no heart to do anything. Such a blow might fall upon any as should break the spring of the spirit utterly. And our strength of body and mind is held by a frail and uncertain tenure. Some injury, coming very swift and unforeseen, of either our spiritual or our material nature : and our working-time is ended, here. Be sure, all these possibilities were in the Apostle's mind, when he dictated that solemn text. You come out of church on a Sunday as you have done times innumerable before : you never dream but next Sunday, and the next, you are to be there again as usual. You make many engage- ments, and plans, upon that expectation. But you are struck down : and you are never in your accustomed place more : or you come feebly back after months of absence, having gone through an awful experience of suffering, having touched the very gate of death. TJiat is how it may go with THE CONDITION ALWAYS UNDERSTOOD 1 49 any of us. That is the condition of our being, here. I do not wish to say more of this : for such thoughts might easily grow morbid. And your own minds will suggest far more than I can say. There is a wrong way of taking this uncertainty and ignorance. You remember the ancient out- burst of reckless despair : ' Let us eat and drink, for to-morrow we die ! ' That seems hardly credible : but some of you have read how when the plague was in a great city, and no one could count certainly upon even a few hours of life, unhappy souls plunged into the wildest excesses of wickedness : and some know, too, how in the reign of terror of the French Revolution, many who were aware that the next morning might summon them to the guillotine, would spend the night in music and dancing : a weird gaiety indeed. Some know, too, how the Roman poet, that polished old heathen, wrote words which mean, ' Grasp the day which is present : Trust nothing to the next' There you see one way of being swayed by the thought my text suggests. But that is not the right way. It is exactly the opposite of the right way. The lesson for each of us is, Simple dependence upon God our Saviour : 150 THE CONDITION ALWAYS UNDERSTOOD to leave ourselves and all that concerns us and all we care for, to His charge. He may lead us, most likely He will lead us, by a path we should not have chosen : a steep path, where thorns will pierce the bleeding feet : a path that goes through the valley of humiliation, where are disappointment, bereavement, desolation : but be sure it will be the right way, which leads to the Golden City of peace and purity and re-union at the last : the City of habitations where, as the Psalmist said with such solemn significance, we * shall be satisfied^ It is most right, it well becomes us dependent creatures, always to remember, that we dare go onward into the unknown days before us, still keeping a good heart, only by this continual leaning upon our Blessed Redeemer. We are poor and needy, and of little account beyond a narrow circle : but the Lord thinketh upon us ; and the Almighty Saviour has our times in His hand : and He sees, perfectly, how it will go with us : yea, He has appointed how it will go with us, and all must be well : W'hat we know not now we shall know hereafter : if we are His children indeed : and we are His children indeed, if with a true heart, keeping nothing back, we open the door in this minute for Him to come in and reign. And one likes the THE CONDITION ALWAYS UNDERSTOOD I5I homeliest reminders of how this strong sense of the great truth is in any human heart. It was always touching, when that great genius who was called of a sudden from beautiful Kent on a bright June day these years since, never would make an engagement to do anything, work or pleasure, even a very few days ahead, without the solemn words, Please God. Ay, Charles Dickens felt, continually, what St. Paul felt, when my text first went down upon the page which was to outlast so many written pages. Oh yes : I promise to do it, if I am spared here to do it. Yes, I will carry out that little plan, ' so soon as I shall see how it will go with me.' It always touched me, even as a little boy, to hear the devout peasant of covenanting Ayrshire always make an engagement with that reverent recognition of the solemn fact, which would have pleased the great Apostle. ' Yes, if I am spared.' If said sincerely, and it was always said sincerely, the creature's homely but pathetic recognition of the great Creator. There is woven into the vital constitution of the languages of Northern Europe, a singular reminder of this awe of the Future which my text expresses. Dark and true is the North : 152 THE CONDITION ALWAYS UNDERSTOOD likewise grave and God-fearing. Some here know that in our speech there is no word which expresses the bare idea of Futurity. If you know no better, you will think of Shall and Will. But these familiar words do not express Futurity. They only imply it. It is as when the awe-stricken Jew durst not utter the name of God Almighty. I shall do such a thing, means, / am under obligation to do it. I tvill do such a thing, means, / wish. It is my present purpose and intention, to do it. No doubt, if you are under obligation to do anything, and if you are a conscientious person, the likelihood is that the thing will be done. No doubt, too, if it be your intention to do anything, and if you be a person who stick to your purpose, the likelihood is that the thing will be done. That is, in both cases, if it please God to spare you here in health and strength, and also to keep away the innumer- able accidents which may intervene to hinder. But you see, of course, that these words only imply Futurity. They venture not to boldly say out that awful thing which may go crashing to the heart of all we are and have, which may turn everything to dust and ashes. For to bring a human soul into direct contact with the unveiled, unmitigated thought of Futurity, is like bringing it THE CONDITION ALWAYS UNDERSTOOD 153 into contact with the thought of Infinity, of Eternity. It crushes us down. Ay, and with an unutterable sadness which these tremendous ab- stractions have not. They do but bewilder us. But here is something which for its possibilities on all we care for, is far too deep for tears. We must distinguish, speaking of St. Paul's not making up his mind what he should do, until he saw how it pleased God it should go with him. To wait, devoutly, the leadings of God's providence, is an entirely different thing from slothfully wait- ing for something to turn up. It does not mean idleness, shiftlessness. It means a watchful eye for the first indication of God's will : a prompt readiness to take the step, however arduous, for which He opens the way. No sitting still, in uselessness. You see something to do, see it by the light you have. Do it : do it to your best. Work : Work hard and thoroughly : even though you remember, sometimes, ay oftentimes, that your work may all go for nothing. That is in another Hand. God reserves the result for his own decision. One step is enough for us to see before us. Begin to write the volume you may never finish. Diligently prepare the sermon which may never be preached. Deny yourself many things 154 THE CONDITION ALWAYS UNDERSTOOD that you may give the best education to the lad who may never live to enter upon his profession. Make your home pleasant with little possessions you will not be here to see. The issue is with God : say rather with your Blessed Saviour. We leave ourselves humbly in His merciful Hands — Amen to whatever He says is to be. It is His to fix and settle ' how it will go with us.' Yes, whatever it be. And it may be hard. Some will recall a forgotten poet's touching lines : ' It had pleased God to form poor Ned, A thing of idiot mind.' That ends all question. Not, as gloomy fatalism would put it, because God has power to do anything, however cruel. Nay : but because whatever He does must be kind. We need not pretend that we see it now. But we shall see it hereafter. And, meanwhile, we wait the great teacher. As a dear and good man said when dying : 'It is very misty now ; but it will soon be perfectly clear.' He was speaking only of a September morning by a Highland loch. But, like God's prophets in days departed, he spoke wiser and deeper than he knew. Dear friends, does it seem hard to you that we must every day, and not only on the day we die, eo on into a recfion which is behind the Veil ? THE CONDITION ALWAYS UNDERSTOOD 1 55 Even we can see, not always indeed, that it is better to go on so. Just to put a confiding hand in Christ's Hand ; and go where that true Light leads us. No vain trying to foresee the distant scene, as that saint said : ' One step enough for me.' It was all St. Paul had. It may suffice for us. Often, even looking but the one step ahead, we shall be mistaken. One has known ' Yes : it is as sure as anything can be.' But it was never to be. One has known a sufferer, stricken with sudden illness, say, ' Is it dangerous ? But I must keep warm and quiet, and it will go away ; as other things have gone.' — This was not to go : It was the last trouble here. It was by a true inspiration from the Divine Spirit of all truth, that a chiefest poet named, as a characteristic of a higher life and a better world, ' the Past unsighed-for, and the Future sure.' It is not in the very least inconsistent with what has been said, when I add that, as we go on in our pilgrimage, and come to the latter days, we do know, in some kind of way, how it must needs go with us : not details, which will all be found out in due time ; but the general lot which is appointed to all. In early youth, there are ' things 156 THE CONDITION ALWAYS UNDERSTOOD hoped for': sometimes pictured-out, with a buoyant spirit. A useful Hfe, perhaps lived in the esteem of the few who know us. A peaceful home, where the quiet years pass over in the society of those dearest, perhaps with the echoes of pattering little feet and soft childish voices. But not the best one knows have in fact been placed the highest : in this w'orld the unscrupulous pusher makes his w^ay. And as for the happy home, how frail our hold of all that gives it value : one has known the precious life cut short, and the hearth cold and desolate, very early : as it must be sooner or later. Ay, one of you, so united, must see the other dying, must see the other dead. And there is no sadder sight, than to sec a cheery man or woman who has quite got over things : things which ought never to be got over. Better to be crushed into the very earth. No doubt pain and grief are transitory. * The things which are seen are tem- poral.' But though they leave us, they should not leave us the men wc were. But, going on (if that be appointed us), we must face failing strength and enfeebled faculties. The trouble in your bodily constitution will be growing stronger ; and you weaker, — less able to bear it. And it must needs be very heavy and THE CONDITION ALWAYS UNDERSTOOD 1 57 trying-, the sense that now you cannot do your work as of old ; the prospect that some day soon you may have to give it up altogether. The step will be feeble : the hand will shake : it will be pathetic how the hand-writing will change. A saintly man, who gave us some of our most beautiful hymns, said it was sad to meet old friends and they did not know him : so failed. Yet, through seasons of depression, we can but lean upon Christ ; and wait the coming of the Blessed Comforter. We shall not, foolishly, shut our eyes to the facts ; and make ourselves absurd by pre- tending to be what we are not now. I do not know that we are likely to find it true, in any worldly sense, that ' the path of the just is as the shining light, that shineth more and more unto the perfect day.' But sure it is, the Best will be found beyond these troubles. And ' at evening- time it shall be light' Now all is said, it remains a strange thing to us poor souls to think how God may allow it to go with us. Perhaps with no prognostic. For these weeks past, I have looked daily, across a stretch of the very garden of England, to a green hill whereon, a little since, the most charmingly- eloquent of physical philosophers died. Did he 158 THE CONDITION ALWAYS UNDERSTOOD ever dream, that cheery man, that the day would come when his devoted wife should give him, laid on his bed, the wrong medicine ; and just a minute of life be left for the words, ' My darling, you have killed your John ' ? But that is little to what I have known : One who held the highest place in the reverence of many, fall into shame which made him become as one dead. God keep us, dear friends, from evil. But St. Paul's mind was as that of the Heathen sage who said, ' Call no man happy before he dies.' Not, till then, can we be sure that the best shall not bitterly dis- appoint us. And now, coming to an end. Would you like to know more ? Would you like to see, to-day, how it is to go with you : aye, only for six months to come ? Would you like to be assured that you shall live to finish the work you have begun : or that your power to be of some use in this world will end only with your life: and that when you lie down to die at last, there will be some one to care for you .■* I do not know. But be patient, pilgrims who have journeyed on through many years. Things are fleeting fast. It cannot be very long till you THE CONDITION ALWAYS UNDERSTOOD 1 59 shall see exactly how it will go with you. The day will declare it all. Of one thing I am sure: if the Future is to be as. the Past. When you are brought to the end, all things here and the remembrance of them, will fade away. And concerns which once fevered you, will vanish even from memory. In the pain and weariness of the last days (God make them few ! ), these things are not. Ay, startlingly so. Many hearty services we have known in this church in these thirty years : the lifting-up of praise and prayer, the silence of Holy Communion : and at the exhortation, the awful hush. Through that strange time, this church will be quite forgotten ; and you will never remember a word said here. But it will be enough, if that may be, to look with the fading eyes to the Redeemer ; and with the failing hand to cling to the Cross. SATISFIED M X SATISFIED^ ' I shall be satisfied.' — PsALM xvii. 15. Some day. Somewhere. Not today. Not here. Not tomorrow, if tomorrow finds me in this world. Not anywhere, that is beneath the sky, that is this side the grave. Yet, if we are earnestly living as we ought to live, each day wishing and trying to please God by doing right : each day, as people feeling how infinitely short, even in our own biassed judg- ment, we fall of doing that, laying hold anew of the free salvation offered to each of us in our Blessed Redeemer : there will be a day, and a place, in which each anxious unsatisfied soul here, — meanwhile disappointed and discontent, — thirsting for what never came, and never will be,— getting, perhaps, many things, but not that on which the heart was set, — or, at a more advanced ' Parish Church, St. Andrews : Sunday, July 14, 1895. M 2 164 SATISFIED Stage, vaguely craving for better, fuller, longer- lasting, than anything or all things here, — will be able at last to say, — ' I am satisfied.' We poor human beings do not need just to sit down and make up our mind that we are doomed to be disappointed in everything ; — that by our make it has to be so ; — that there is a thirst in us which never can be slaked, and a void which never can be filled. If we make choice of Christ as our portion, and really go to Him for rest (the thing can in fact be done) ; then, however unlikely it looks now, the hour will come which will give us all our desire. ' We shall be satisfied ! ' A curious thing indeed that in the New Testament the word satisfied does not occur : not once. Yet that is the Book which specially shews us how and where our craving nature is to be absolutely content at last. Here is what we all need : ' I shall be satisfied.' Nobody here is ever fully so, for any length of time : that is the condition of our being. We can- not get all we want. I am not speaking of pre- posterous and extravagant wants, but of reasonable wants. An unfettered imagination can easily pic- ture out things we shall never get, and never ought to get : but I put that folly aside : I am thinking SATISFIED 165 of a far deeper truth, and that deeply concerns modest and reasonable folk : that the blight of imperfection, of lacking something of fully and finally satisfying us, is upon all things here. Solo- mon found that out, long ago, through a most exceptional experience ; and put his conclusion in words which will live with our language and with divers languages beside : but I know well that a feeling lurks in us that the unforgetable sum of Ecclesiastes is a somewhat morbid conclusion ; and somewhat divergent from the actual creed of sober health and industry. It reminds us, I think unfairly, but reminds, of that wicked old Prince, of unlimited power and wealth, who had so exhausted the possibilities of this world, that all that remained to him was to long that the river under his win- dows would run dry. It reminds some, who in youth were fascinated and enthralled by poetry whose witchery has now (I think) in great measure passed away, of Byron's contemptible sham and impostor of a hero : mooning about this world, cursing a creation which was far too good for him, and a race of which he was about the most despicable specimen himself. We shall have none of that nonsense here, you may be sure. This is not the place for sentimental 1 66 SATISFIED affectation, or posing to astonish silly people. We must have reality to sustain us, who feel this world slipping away from us : who often have it borne in how many o( our generation have gone before us. A)', you need it, every one of you ; however young and hopeful you may be. It is a wonderful thought ; and one to hold by on many trying days and disappointing days here (and we may be disappointed even at the hoi)' communion-table) : a wonderful thing to be sure that all longings in us which Christ would approve will be satisfied some time. When we awake, awake from the sleep of death, we shall feel that here we have got everything now : that we are com- plete and content as it never was before : that we are satisfied by the sight of God. It was vainly dreamt and said here, but it has come at last : ' If 1 could see Thee, 'twould be well with me ! ' Satisfied, by the sight of God. I know, saying such words, we feel we are entering a realm of thought which transcends our understanding ; and is quite outside our present experience. And, so doing, I know well that there is a readiness to fancy that we are passing away from reality, and solid fact. The unspiritual mind, — and we are all of us sadly unspiritual, — can understand being SATISFIED 167 satisfied by getting everything we want or wish, and by being assured we shall always have it : but that is not the Christian heaven. That is the Happy Island of a mistaken faith : most assuredly of an incomplete faith ; fit only for the childhood of the Race. The Psalmist lived long ago : but here, for once, he had anticipated the most ad- vanced teaching of the New Testament. There, you remember what sums up the essential blessed- ness of the blessed state : ' And so shall we ever be with the Lord.' But the Apostle, looking earnestly into the Future of which we know so little : only that it will be well, perfectly well, with poor craving human souls : has got no farther on than the man who lived ages before under a twilight dispensation, — morning twilight, — twilight that rises, not that sets, — when he wrote the verse which contains my text. ' As for me, I will behold Thy face in righteousness : I shall be satisfied, when I awake, with Thy likeness.' Not that form of God which is to our present understanding inconceivable ; and which is in- visible by human eye : the form of the Infinite One Who is equally present throughout infinite space, and Who inhabits eternity : our intellect is crushed down when brought in contact with such 1 68 SATISFIED thoughts. Not that, indeed. But the form of God seen and realized in our Blessed Saviour : in the person of His Son ; ' Who is the image of the invisible God.' Yes. Every now and then, as we go on and as we think of things, we are brought back to an old conclusion, often reached before, and each time as though it were something new : a conclusion which a saint, long at rest, put in pathetic words far towards two thousand years ago. For we arrive at that conclusion by divers paths, and from divers quarters of the compass of solemn experience. I do not really think it was ever voiced better than by St. Augustine : and on his page it is a jewel shining out amid much rubbish. ' Thou madest us for Thyself ; and our heart is restless till it resteth in Thee.' He wrote another memorable sentence, con- cerning that mysterious state in which, for the first time fully and finally, we shall be satisfied. There, he says, ' All virtue will be to love what one sees ; and the highest happiness to have what one loves.' There is always something wanting here. A man thinks to himself, — when I get this volume written, I shall be satisfied. If I could get that great improvement carried out : If I saw my SATISFIED 1 69 children settled : If I could get this fruitful truth accepted by the community amid which I live : Ah, each of you can fill into this sentence some- thing for your own self: — then, I should be satis- fied, — I should never try for anything more. But suppose you get the very thing you wished, — and that is a tremendous assumption, — you will in a very little while find that you cannot live in the Past : You will propose a new end to be attained, and you will be restless till you get that. By the very make of our being, to every earnest man, as long as strength and heart last, it has got to be ' Forgetting those things which are behind, and reaching forth unto those things which are before.' And that just means, Not content yet: Not satisfied. Ah, it is chasing the horizon ; which always recedes before us as we go on. The old have found that out : TJiey know that now. We cannot finally sit down and rest here ; till strength and life fail us. And then it will not be because we are content ; but because we can do no more. You know, indeed, that such a thing may be as being perfectly content for a little while. Just at the first, after great fatigue, — after long and exhausting work, — we are thankful simply to rest and nothing more. Or, when delivered from 170 SATISFIED great trouble, great pain, great anxiety, wc are satisfied for that day : thankful if we may just sit down and feel at ease. There is, indeed, such a thing as to rest and be thankful. But only for a brief space. The capacity for work revives : the craving for work re-awakes : We must be up and at it again. God, Who made us, made us so : unless we be very sloths. The end of work is to enjoy rest. But the end of rest is to take manfully to work again. And, of course, saying that we can never be finally satisfied here, it is not altogether trivial to say that there is such a thing as being quite satis- fied in details. We need not quarrel with a common way of talking which is real so far as it goes. We say. We are satisfied. We have satisfied ourselves, that such a thing is true ; and that such another thing is false : that such a man may be relied upon, and such another may not : that such a man has got on by fair and honest means, and such another by pushing, by impudence, by dis- honesty. Here indeed is often a very sorrowful satisfaction : and though we use the word, it is in a hasty, technical way, and with little consideration of its great, solemn, far-reaching meaning. It is pedantic to be too precise in our use of current SATISFIED I 7 I phrases. And everybody knows how to take them up. Yet it is well, now and then, seriously to reflect, that we are lightly using very solemn language : and that the large, lasting, real ' I shall be satisfied,' can only be far away. Never on this side of time. But it is indeed something to cling to, that we human beings need not always be discontent : longing for what can never be. TJiat endless craving comes of our being rational, and immortal : it comes of our place in the scale of being : the highest, so far as things have yet come to, in this visible universe. We must take the pains, as well as the dignity (if the word be allowed), of being God's last and chief work here : the latest develop- ment (so far) of the miracle of life. Those creatures of God's hand which we call the Inferior Animals are able to be fully satisfied as we cannot meanwhile be. Give them food, and rest, and freedom from pain, and from fear : and they seem to desire no more. As for us, even in the matter of present enjoyment, it is commonly as was said in a famous line : * Albeit all is fair, there lacketh something still.' Or if, for the little present hour, we have all we desire, then we crave the assurance that it should last : as knowing' it will not. It 172 SATISFIED comes back to me, as oftentimes before, Ihat bright summer morning in my beautiful country parish : the blaze of sunshine on the gleaming grass : the grand trees and the running water : and then the kindly old man who was lord of it all, looking with a wistful face on the fair possessions that he felt slipping from his failing hand : and the quiet sentence which he never dreamt I should be quoting a generation after he was in the clay : ' Yes, if I could have a nine hundred and ninety-nine years' lease of it ! ' And he was right : perfectly right. We immortal beings cannot be satisfied with anything shorter-lived than ourselves. Speaking in that homely phrase, familiar in Scottish ears, he meant Eternity ! He meant, No end at all. For if the centuries of possession came to an end, leaving him to go on desolate, they might as well never have been. As well never have been, unless we could go out with them too. And even then, the bitter drop would be in every cup, the shivery chill always by the warm fireside. — All this viust end. It is slipping away noiv ! Could you bear to look in the faces of those dearest to you ; and then to think, In a little we must part for ever and ever .-' Not the supreme among our Race, not Shakspere himself, ever so put utter desolation into SATISFIED 173 human speech, as in the homely but unforgettable Hne that gives voice to that mortal thought : ' Never come again : Never, never, never, never, never ! ' Aye, it is true as St Paul said, just altering one word of his : * If in this life only we have hope in Christ, we are of all God's creatures most miserable ! ' It is a most awful viev/ of this state of being, to think there is nothing beyond what our five senses shew us. Just this universe, with its cruel, inexorable natural laws, which punish us terribly and then leave us to find out why : just nature, * red in tooth and claw with ravine ' : just the struggle for the means of bare existence for untold millions : just man's injustice and savagery to his fellow-man : just torturing disease and then hope- less death : I am bold to declare that the positivist spoke true to his desolate creed when he said ' Life is a bad business.' Most assuredly, life would not be worth living. The sublime despair of the old Greek would be the only conclusion, ' Not to be, is best of all.' For God has said we never can be satisfied, never right, here. It is a struggle : an anxiety : a disappointment : a repentance : a ceaseless look- ing back on mistakes which cannot be rectified, on 174 SATISFIED sins and follies which cannot be forgotten : now and then the awful parting, from place or from people, which is like to break the heart. That, if we did not know Christ and what He has revealed, is the sum of life here. And oh, if there were nowhere else ! But I can well imagine good reasonable folk as saying that we need not go to transcendental con- siderations to prove that we never can be fully satisfied on this side of time. In sober fact, we (io not come to the point of thinking that all the world can give, if you got it, would leave a blank within. We never come in sight, most of us, of getting even the modest things which we might reasonably wish and hope for. We know, perfectly, what keeps us uneasy. It is not that All is vanity : It is the sorrow, the privation, the anxiety, the little cross-incident, which comes fresh and fresh as we plod on our lowly way. The day never dawns which docs not bring its worry. The blankness of disappointment must be a never-long- abscnt experience in this world, where we are continually wishing and hoping for things, lesser and greater, which do not come. Jars and strifes and storms will arise from the most-unexpected quarters. Things within the home and without it SATISFIED 1/5 tvill go wrong. It is a rare thing, not always attainable by the greatest tact and temper, that a number of human beings should work together in entire harmony, year after year. Trouble is due : it is sure to come. That is the condition of our being, here. ' Born to trouble ; as the sparks fly upward': as naturally, as certainly. The writer of that most ancient Book had found it out. It may be, you think, that all earth can give, though we got it all, would not put us right : but we know meanwhile what the things are which keep us wrong : and we sometimes think they might be mended. Ah, no. Mend these : and others will come, in unfailing succession. It is vain to hope for the joyous heart, or even the quiet heart, here. It is storm and strife : a world of quarrel, jealousy, and controversy. Of course we ought to take all that comes, humbly and patiently, with resigned spirit: and we try to do so. Of course, it is all working for good ; and we are being led by the right way. Still, no affliction for the present is joyous, but grievous. It is not what we hoped, in our youth : this plodding along a thorny way. As our great genius wrote, plainly in deep sincerity, ' Man was made to mourn ' : unconscious echo of St. Paul's 176 SATISFIED ' We must through much tribulation.' And, not- withstanding all endeavours to persuade ourselves that it is far better as it is, the heart of mankind breaks out in the declaration that in a better world it is not to be. ' There shall be no more death, neither sorrow, nor crying, neither shall there be any more pain ; for the former things are passed away.' We took them patiently ; and tried to persuade ourselves that they were right and good, when we had to bear them. But it will be Para- dise, it will be Heaven, when they ' are passed away.' I will go back upon this. Does my text seem to pitch the truth too high ? Your heart replies to it : Quite needless to say you would not be content though you got all you want ; for you never will get all you want. Many wishes and cares will abide with you here. You never will be rid of them till you have passed away from all this : into Christ's presence. Then, ' Satisfied.' Not till then. All this is not said in any morbid or un- reasonable spirit. It does not mean that we are not thankful for a little thing ; nor that \\c do not feel, deeply, that we get far more than we deserve. All that is said is that God has SATISFIED 177 made us immortal beings for Himself; and we shall not find our satisfying portion till we see Him : see Him as He is to be seen by such as we. And then, as St. Paul said with another thought in his mind, ' With Hhn, all things! Every innocent and right desire and affection that is in us will find what it craved : from the enjoyment of fields and trees and streams, of rural quiet and city vitality, to the meeting again with parted friends where farewells are a sound unknown. Nor am I delivering to you a moral essay : far less a discourse in transcendental metaphysics. Here are indeed the deep things of our nature. Yet it is but the old, old story, looked at from a varied point of view. It is the Gospel of Him Who said, ' If any man thirst, let him come unto Me and drink.' ' I am the Bread of life : he that cometh to Me shall never hunger, and he that believeth on Me shall never thirst.' A sublime promise ; and wide indeed in its reach. For to thirst no nioj^e, means that you have attained all your desire, and are sure that you never will lose it. And the righteous cravings that are in our nature are numberless ; and infinite in their variety. How many things are pleasant to us ! And to be with our Saviour where He is, is N I 75 SATISFIED to have them all. Here, the purest and best wishes must needs be often denied. We pray for many a blessing, spiritual as well as temporal, which does not come. Perfect peace : elevated devotion : the sensible presence of the Holy Spirit : to be blessed indeed, and so kept from evil that it may not grieve us : that all we care for and all we know be kept in the right way to our Father's house above : Just to name only these gives us a sad and thirsting heart. Then, to think Some day, we shall be with Christ ; and we SHALL BE SATISFIED ! XI LESSONS OF AUTUMN .V 2 XI LESSONS OF AUTUMN^ ' And we all do fade as a leaf.' — Isaiah Ixiv. 6. I SUPPOSE that there is hardly one of us, in whose mind even in this comparatively treeless region, some such thought as this has not some- times risen within these last few days. For by God's providence protecting us, our lives have been lengthened out to behold that season of the year which in every age has fallen with a pensive in- fluence on the heart of man. The russet woods of autumn, so still, so beautiful, so suggestive, are here once more : and soon the chill November will be making the field and forest bare. They are dying indeed in beauty: for not even when the beech wore its soft summer green, and the chestnut its fair blossoms, was the earth overspread with such magnificent array as that scarlet and gold in which the trees are clad in these last days of ' Parish Church, St. Andrews : Sunday October 21, 1888. l82 LESSONS OF AUTUMN autumn. Yet as in the audible stillness of the autumn day, we mark the soft October sunshine lighting up the golden and brown October woods, and see the crisp leaves rustling down, — an old story suggests itself. For only too aptly does the season type our own life's course : and looking abroad on those masses of foliage, once so green and bright, but now so sere and yellow, we be- think ourselves that something within us is going the way of all things around us : and ready to our lips come the words of the ancient prophet, ' We all do fade as a leaf Through the clear atmos- phere ; through the subdued, gray light ; Nature, beautiful in decay, is speaking to us : and the russet leaves address to us their simple, unaffected story. It seems as if they said. Ah you human beings, something besides us is fading : Here we are, the things like which j'ou fade ! It is one of those natural sentiments this, which at some time or other, and in some form or other, has been felt and uttered by every thinking being. It was too apt a comparison to be overlooked long, or to be overlooked by any. Many a time has the forest been clad in its summer beauty, and many a time has winter made its branches bare, since first it suggested itself to a human soul, — LESSONS OF AUTUMN 1 83 Now I, and all around me, are fading like those fading leaves. Surely that thought is fresh as to- day, for it must have occurred to us as we walked to church over fallen foliage and under bare branches : and it is likewise old as the day when the first withered leaf rustled to the foot of the father of mankind. We find words like those of my text upon the lips of sage and savage : they have been spoken in every country on the world's face ; and many a time, we may be sure, in every autumn of all these thousands that are past and gone. Yet let us now give heed for a little to these words before us ; and see whether we may not draw some helpful instruction even from a thought so commonplace, as that ' we all do fade as a leaf Then, although I am quite sure that each of us knows just as well as may be that this text speaks truth, still I do not think it will be time mis-spent, if I give my discourse this morning to endeavour- ing to deepen upon our minds the sense and the teaching of the fleetingness of our cares and of our life ; for I appeal to you if it be not so, that we often feel a truth all the less, just for that it is so plain that we admit it without a question : And I wonder how many of us will venture to say, that I' name would be strange. I remember vividly, even at the time when I first preached before the Commissioner, how the venerable Principal Macfarlan gently re- buked the title I gave his Church. ' Not Glasgow Cathedral,' he said : ' The High Church of Glasgow.' I presume to bind no man's conscience, nor under- standing, when I say I venture to think the changes RETROSPECT AND PROSPECT 285 which have come are mainly for the better. The worship, and the churches, have grown more solemn and more beautiful : and surely our devotion is not less spiritual and real. And what has been done, even to minute details, is not properly to be called Innovation. It is Restoration of the better ways of the Church of the Reformation. And it comes of a most earnest desire to render to our Saviour our very best : in architecture, in music, in common prayer. It comes, too, of the deep conviction that everything right and touching and helpful in God's worship since the Holy Spirit came, is ours to this day. It is ancient history now : but it is well within the memory of very many of you. It was natural that good men, deeply attached to the dear old ways, should seek to keep what they had known all their lives. It was not unnatural that such should fancy that what they had known so long had always been the way of the Church : while in fact it was no more (in some cases) than a graceless innovation against which our fathers had striven and protested : something not of Scottish origin or character at all. We all knew and revered men who would most vehemently have opposed the first entrance of that which, having been submitted to 286 CHURCH LIFE IN SCOTLAND for what is a short time in the history of a National Church, they fancied was the good old way ; and would then have laid down their life for. It was whispered at first, in gatherings of the younger clergy, that there were Spots on the Sun. A pamphlet came out, bearing just that title : It seemed like touching the ark. Little things, as they seem now, were first aimed at : to kneel at prayer, to stand at praise, to have the heartening of the sacred Organ. When Principal Tulloch returned from America, he said much of the strong desire there, among Christian people who had copied the organi- sation of the Church of Scotland, that the con- gregation should rouse itself to take active part in public worship ; should not be prayed for and preached to : should at least say Amen, as St. Paul expected, as the Psalmist bids all the people do : should audibly join in the Lord's Prayer and in the Creed. It was a step onwards to say. Why should not Prayers be read : as Chalmers read them when he was Moderator this time fifty-eight years : as John Knox did habitually } Not that the Prayers were bad. They were wonderfully good : If all ministers were ahva)-s what some ministers are sometimes, they might be the best of all. But surely in a Church which will have no mortal man RETROSPECT AND PROSPECT 287 come as intermediary between the soul and the Saviour, it is an extraordinary act of confidence in an individual man, that a congregation should gather to lift up their hearts to God Almighty and then be content to accept whatever may be said by one of whom they know little, know nothing, as the expression of their deepest feelings and most vital needs. I must not go into details : they are endless. Only let it be said how it brightens the interest of the congregation, when the same voice does not go on too long : how pleasant it is when the lessons of Scripture are read by an educated layman : as our best Elders in and out of this Assembly read them ; or are read by bright young aspirants to the ministry, who get help in giving it. I do not for- get what Mr. Moody said to me : and few know better : ' Change the voice continually : Never the same voice for more than five minutes, save in the sermon.' A bright, hearty service, with interest alive and alert from first to last, is surely what we aim at. And when the sermon ends with the solemn ascription, according to the good old fashion of the Kirk for its first century, how touching and heart-warming when the great congregation arises in solemn assent, and adds its thunderous Amen ! 288 CHURCH LIFE IN SCOTLAND The character and arrangement of the fabrics are much changed. Where great cost is impos- sible, one often finds a simple beauty, pleasing and helpful. Lath and plaster are being banished. In many churches you find chairs : capable of being easily placed as may suit weddings and baptisms : and which make it natural in good faith to kneel at prayer. Though the Communion, as yet, does not come frequently, as the founders of the Kirk intended, the Holy Table is there to remind us of it. It is not now carried in and carried out again. The Font, too, of suitable dignity, is part of the furniture of most churches. In some, the pulpit is used only for preaching from. It is hard to quite be rid of ' the most eloquent prayer ever addressed to a Boston audience,' till the prayers are said by one kneeling among the congregation, so placed as plainly not speaking to them, h\x\. for them. It is a sad sight, a congregation listening intently to the prayer of an unfamiliar preacher, and perhaps gazing at him. And let us honestly kneel, if it may be. The minister always can. Nor does the attitude in the least affect his voice. Standing is good. Think of the pictures in the Catacombs. Kneeling is good : St. Paul identified the attitude with the vital thing : ' For this cause I RETROSPECT AND PROSPECT 289 bow my knees.' But sitting, leaning back in a pew, gazing open-eyed at the minister, is the most abhorrent attitude in prayer ever devised by man. Anywhere, even now, we may close our eyes, we may cover our face, we may bend the knee. No one has proposed to belittle the sermon. That is not likely to come here. For it is just among the most outstanding preachers of the Church that the desire is strong to make much of prayer and praise. And as some of them, if they are not preachers, are nothing at all, it is impro- bable that they will depreciate their own work. It may be said, that the sermons of these days tend to be shorter and brighter than of old : to touch a large range of subjects : to come close to actual life. And, tried by literary and critical tests, one may say that the present preaching of the Church has attained a very high level of helpfulness and excellence. Likewise of cultivated intelligence. I do not think that any educated preacher, addressing an educated congregation, and making use of their sympathy, would now make an end of Sir Walter by calling him, contemptuously, ' a writer of idle tales ' : and of Burns, ' a writer of as idle songs.' Nor would any saintly minister U 290 CHURCH LIFE IN SCOTLAND declare, ex cathedra, that ' no man who knew the truth as in Jesus could read Shakspcre.' Finally, there has appeared, in many quarters, a strong craving that the great events in Christ's life, and the great Christian doctrines by which we live, should be brought back to us by the revolution of the year. We all know that here is a going- back to the ways of John Knox's earliest Book of Order. I do not venture to say more of this : save that though the Hymnal was not prepared with any view to the revival of the Christian year, it contains grand material for the commemoration of our Saviour's Birth, Death, Resurrection, Ascen- sion, and Second Coming : likewise of the Descent and continual abiding of the Blessed and Holy Spirit. Many will be disposed to use these hymns at the times when most Christians do the same. Looking back upon all the movement, one may say, generally, that it has meant the making much of Prayer and Praise, while not making less of the Sermon. And after all, the church is the place of Prayer and Praise. ' I will make them joyful in My house of prayer.' ' Blessed are they that dwell in Thy house : they will be still praising Thee.' When we were boys, it would have seemed strange that a minister should take great interest RETROSPECT AND PROSPECT 29 1 about the music in his church. I have heard it said, five-and-thirty years since, of a great preacher, as something eccentric, ' He wanted to arrange the tunes before service with the Precentor.' There was Httle Praise then : and it was cut down, un- sparingly, that the sermon might be longer. It was a saintly man who said, significantly, as the bells ceased, to a young friend who was to preach for him, ' We don't read much of the Bible here.' Surely things are better than that. In January, 1865, a Society was founded, of Ministers and Elders of the Church of Scotland, whose object was the study of the best models of Christian prayer, with the view of publishing material which might be helpful to our young preachers, and our old. In fact, the Church already had what may be called a Traditional Liturgy. A youth, entering on his duty, remem- bered what he had heard all his life : and in that un- written store there are very touching and beautiful sentences : some, too, which cannot be approved. There never was the smallest mystery about that Society's work. Its meetings were public : anyone might go to them. It published a Volume, which anyone may buy. Principal Tulloch was its President till he died : he was succeeded by a very o 2 292 CHURCH LIFE IN SCOTLAND outstanding Scotsman, strongly-Presbyterian, — the Duke of Argyll. Principal Caird and Professor Story are its Vice-Presidents still. Professor Milligan and other recent Moderators are active and valued workers. It now numbers 600 members, most of them Ministers and the rest Elders. Whoever likes may have a printed list of their names. I think the time has come in which the existence of the Church Service Society ought at least to be named here ; and I will say from this Chair, the Church has no abler ministers, nor more loyal defenders, nor more devout sons. A desire arose, many years since, for further material for Praise. I was not among those who felt it: I was content with the Psalms and Para- phrases. But, with others, I thought that if the Church had a Hymnal, it ought to be a good one : which could face literary criticism, as well as supply a want. There was great labour, great anxiety. But the Scottish Hymnal is widely known : and it bears the inipriinatur of the Supreme Court of the Church. The Assembly's approval was very seriously given : after it had fully heard nearly evcr\thing that could be said against the volume. Not evcrj-thing : I could have suggested more damaging criticism than any RETROSPECT AND PROSPECT 293 I have heard or read. Yet the book has com- mended itself to the most competent judges, and it has attained a phenomenal success. Other Committees draw from the Church : the Hymn Committee, though the editions are marvellously cheap, has given the Church its thousands. I turn to a subject which is to many of us inexpressibly painful ; and concerning which the wisest can hardly in these days suggest any practical remedy, going to the root of the evil. A word of the ' unhappy divisions ' of Christian people in this country. Scotland is divided, sorrowfully divided, on points so minute that only a Scotch intellect can discern and understand them : on points which are not understood by thousands of those whom they divide. There is the perfervid genius which prompts to fight out a question to the last ; and to part off wholly if there be not absolute agreement. There are those who shrink, more than words can say, from all controversy : knowing what it results in, what tempers it brings out : while regarding with respectful wonder those who feel a vocation to serve, in that field, the Church and the Race. There are those who cannot read the 294 CHURCH LIFE IN SCOTLAND past heroic history of the Church, but with an incapacity to fully sympathise with either Resolu- tioner or Protester. The curse of quarrelsomeness came upon the nation, and is not yet worn out. Kindly Scots have fought, as for life, for such small matters: thinking they concerned the Ark of God. The manifest result is, that over large tracts the country is greatly overchurched. One could point to parishes in which, if every man, woman, and child of the population were in a place of worship at the same moment, hundreds of sittings would remain unoccupied. There are many parishes in which three and four ministers are doing the work which it is little to say would be done as well by one : it would be done far better. ' The cause is to be represented.' And, though I will acknowledge that, generally, good sense and good feeling mitigate evils which seem due, yet in some cases there is a rivalry which does no good ; and even what may be called touting for a congregation by very degrading arts. Discipline is made impossible. And certain folk think that in attending church they are (so to speak) patronizing the minister's place of business. Undue multiplication of churches belonging to one Communion tends to just the same evils. RETROSPECT AND PROSPECT 295 All this is surely bad : bad even here. But it is awful, in the presence of the cultivated Heathen, as in India. What is the educated Hindoo to think, when he finds the High Anglican unchurching the Presbyterian, the Free Church standing apart from the Church of Scotland, the Baptist pressing his special doctrine, and the Roman Catholic un- churching them all ? You know it was like to break Macleod's heart, to see Christians parted as he saw them there. How shall we look at this ? Perhaps, though our Saviour said so much of His people being One, it was not in His mind that there should be entire uniformity. May not the Church of Christ, vitally One, yet manifest herself in each nation in a government and worship suited to the genius of that nation ? I suppose there is no Church on earth, which in details is exactly such as the Church of Apostolic days. Some of us are quite reconciled to the belief that Presbytery is the right thing in Scotland, and Episcopacy the right thing in Eng- land. People who talk of ' the establishment of two different religions ' do not know what a religion means. Certainly one's heart sinks, calculating the possibility of absolute agreement. To hear the utter 296 CHURCH LH^E IN SCOTLAND contrariety of opinion, the vehement maintenance of the most individual crotchets and fancies, of a nation coming to be universally educated : and then to imagine this multitude coming all to think alike : all to unite cordially in one Communion ! It would be different, if we had God's Revelation for it : if any s)'stem of Church Government were what Dr. Liddon regards his own, a \-ital part of Christianity. But if that were so, surely the New Testament would have told us so. And it has Not. Those who hold that belief must go somewhere else than to God's Word for it. And they must not, as lawyers say, approbate and reprobate. They will find there what will carry them a good deal farther. It must be reasonable Protestantism : or Rome. I note, most thankfully, that earnest men in Scotland are now talking of .Union as for very long it was not talked of here. I note, indeed, that more is said of the practical inconveniences of competing sects, than of the sinfulness of causeless separation. There are subjects, we know, on which people by their make and training must differ : unless Christ Himself would tell us what the government and worship of His Church are to be. Apart from such supernatural direction, the notion of the millions of even Protestant Christendom, of RETROSPECT AND PROSPECT 297 even the Scottish Race, accepting a whole compli- cated system, where at every step difference is certain if people think at all, is hopeless beyond human speech. One sometimes thinks that the prospect of all Christians becoming either Episcopalian or Pres- byterian, is just as hopeful as the prospect of all British subjects becoming either Whig or Tory. Natures are different ; and will be to the end. For a time, it appears that the testing question which is to put Scotsmen to Right and Left, will be that of a National Profession of Christianity and a National Church ; or not. No amalgamation is possible here : no splitting of the difference : if the question be one of Principle. And we hold it as one of Principle. We cannot yield. Here zve stand : as Luther said : we cannot do othei'wise. God help tis. Here is an issue, where the answer must be Yes or No. But there is in Scotland a Communion, at one with us in holding the Establishment Principle, from which, notwithstanding the kindest social relations and even religious sympathies, we stand apart. We witness in this country the strange phenomenon of a Communion numbering little more than one-seventy-fifth part of the population, 298 CHURCH LIFE IN SCOTLAND which yet has in some places a clear majority of the highly-educated : a majority which the edu- cation of the wealthier order in these days is likelier to increase than to diminish. I say nothing, here, of the causes which have led to this result. If improvement in our public services had been as free to such as desired it thirty years ago as it is to-day, this might not have been. And no patriot but must lament the separation of rich and poor in their worship. The severance between rich and poor is too great already : to the great loss and peril of the rich. No patriot but would be thankful for what might righteously draw together, I know well, indeed, that there are many good Christian folk who are quite content with the present outward separations : or who, though not content, conclude that these must just be borne, like other evils in our own lot or in God's Creation and Providence. Others there are who would do much for outward and visible union with any body of their fellow-Christians : notably with one holding so much in common with us, and holding so special a place. We cannot forget the root, in Scottish history, of that Church : though doubtless there is very much, too, better put away and forgotten in these days on both sides. I RETROSPECT AND PROSPECT 299 minister in an ancient Church which was Pro- Cathedral of the Primacy, while that Communion was by law (or without law) established : some of the plate we use in our holy sacraments at St. Andrews bears to have been given by James, Archbishop of the savie : not, indeed, an estimable Archbishop by any means. But though we would do much, there is a limit. If all on the other side were like that venerable and kindly scholar who for thirty years has pressed for Union, beseeching England and Scotland to be of one mind in the Lord : it would be well. But we hold no terms with such as speak of our holy sacrament of Baptism as being ' merely sprinkled in the schism ' ; or who inform us, very sad if true, that their little body is 'the only Church in Scotland.' Perhaps it is not entirely amiable : but whenever I come to know of such false and insolent nonsense having been put about, I hasten to make inquiry as to the education of the speaker : like- wise as to his ancestry. In many cases, there is a strange irony : though we do not now expect a man to think as his father did. And I will frankly say that my feeling is even so as to good men who propose to treat with us as from a posi- tion of superiority, in which it is assumed that 300 CHURCH LIFE IN SCOTLAND they are right and we are wrong. I have known union with England benignantly proposed on the condition that, union being brought about, we who were ordained by the laying on of the hands of the Presbytery should, till we died out, abide as second-chop clerics, incapable I say not of holding an Anglican benefice, but even of ministering in an Anglican Church : all this without the smallest sense that the proposal was a most offensive one. With the authors of such schemes we will not talk for one minute. « Our commission, our orders, are just as good as those of the Archbishop of Canter- bury. If we did not believe that, firmly, we should not be here. But it appears really impossible to make many good men take in that Scotland is just as content with Presbytery as England is with Episcopacy. There is a high-bred pro- vincialism through which you cannot, in many cases, get that taken in. A dignified Anglican ecclesiastic has come to Scotland, and gone about smiling at our ways : forgetting that it is precisely as provincial, as narrow, as vulgar in him to do so, as it would be for one of us to go about doing the like in England : which, God be thanked, we have more sense and better breeding than to do. Not for one moment would I confer, as to RETROSPECT AND PROSPECT 3OI Union, with any man, save on the basis of absolute equality. The Church of Scotland is precisely as right a branch of the Church Catholic, as is the Church of England. In the presence of the ancient unreformed Church, they stand or fall together. Dies venit, dies Tua : the day of outward Union ; if that be God's will. But, as was said by the wise Archbishop Tait of Canterbury, thinking only of the two National Churches, * The practical difficul- ties are so great, that we can but wait God's time.' I suppose the Anglican Church has rarely had a stronger Primate than that son of an Elder of the Kirk : that wise and good Archbishop whose brothers sat while they lived in this venerable house: active and admirable members of it. Mean- while, thank God, where the Blessed Spirit is, we recognise the Church of Christ. And let there be none of that social drawing-apart which has done more than almost anything to embitter our differences. I have taken part in meetings with ministers of other Scottish communions, with great profit and warmth of heart. But I will say, strongly, that where the good men thus acting for a time together loudly emphasised the fact, calling attention to their own liberality (if that be the word), there was 302 CHURCH LIFE IN SCOTLAND a general and deep sense of insincerity and incon- sistency. It was where good men never once alluded to their differences, but simply pulled together like brethren, that one felt how here (by God's mercy) there was a real unity. Let me quote a passage from a letter I lately received from the Bishop of Minnesota, in the United States : the saintly and eloquent Bishop Whipple : the first and most outstanding in the hierarchy of the Protestant Church in America. Surely he shows us the way. ' More memorable was the meeting of some ten eminent Presbyterian divines and laymen, with Dr. Smith, the Moderator of the General Assembly ; and some ten Bishops, Clergy, and laymen of our Church. By an inspiration which came from above, our Primus and the Moderator both proposed that there should be no allusion to or discussion of topics on which we differed, but that the evening should be devoted to brotherly intercourse as between kins- men in Christ ; and then we should have prayer and a benediction. Dr. Smith first pra}'cd, and I followed, all joining in the Lord's Prayer, and then Bishop Williams gave us his blessing. All hearts ran together ; and I am sure some day this meeting will be historical. It was pre-eminently wise not to RETROSPECT AND PROSPECT 303 discuss, not to argue over vexed questions. The gift of unitywillnotbe grasped by any rash human hands. It will come down from above in the in-dwelling of the Holy One ; and will come, as all other blessings, when the Church is ready to receive it.' One word, only one, of what would NOT con- duce to Union in Scotland. It is the attempt at Disestablishment. The wildest delusion ever cherished by man, is, that Disestablishment would unite Scottish Presbytery. I know no human being with whom I am less likely to unite, than with the man who thinks to compass the downfall of this National Establishment of the Church of our fathers. Some of you have seen how that question touches the people's heart : you will not forget it. This matter is vital : and we will fight for it, if need be, to the end. Never was such fiery bitterness brought into the national life in these two centuries, as would follow a politician's hand laid in enmity upon the Church. Take the Nation's voice : we are content to stand or fall by it. But take it honestly. And tJiat, I say to the enemies of the Church, tJiat is what you dare not do ! But we must not part with words of uncon- genial controversy : thus entering on this beautiful 304 CHURCH LIFE IN SCOTLAND and hopeful June. There is better than that: though the most pacific of us, sons of the Church and of the Manse, if we must fight, will. But the blossoming hawthorn is waiting for us elsewhere : and the green trees will be thicker when we go back : the turf will be lighted up with widely- opened daisies ; and the beautiful long twilights will come (as when we were boys), suffering scarce a night at all. God's blessing attend you every one, my dear brothers : and should you look back on this General Assembly, spare just a thought for one whom only your call would have brought to this chair ; and who, while he lives, will never forget your more than brotherly kindness. And now, Right Reverend and Right Honourable, as we met in the Name of the Lord Jesus Christ, the alone Head and King of this Church, so in the same GREAT Name I now dissolve this General Assembly: and appoint the next General Assembly of this Church to convene in Edinburgpi on Thursday the Twenty-first day of May, 1891. XVI WHAT WE LIVE FOR X XVI WHAT WE LIVE FOR^ ' Until the day break, and the shadows flee away.' — Cant. iv. 6. You need not look at the verse in which my text stands. You need not read the chapter till you please. I do not ask you even to think of the strange Song, so charming to some saintly souls ; so distinctly repellent to others, who think that by allegorising as its deep- sighted interpreters do, you may in fact make any scripture mean anything. But there is wonderful music, no doubt, in many of these verses ; and it is not for us lowly Christians to differ, unless very humbly, from such as Samuel Rutherford. Of the cloud of great preachers who have ministered in this historic church through the centuries it has seen, and whose memory makes it, even in its frightful architectural degradation, one ' Preached at the Parish Church, St. Andrews, on Sunday, August 25, 1895. 308 WHAT WE LIVE FOR of the most pathetic fabrics in Christendom to such as have heart or head, few indeed, in ancient or modern times, have been saintHer, have been more liftcd-up above these things seen, have been more inspired with the love and spirit of the Blessed Redeemer Himself, than the little fair man who so touched weary souls in this place on Sundays and weekdays forgotten ; and who was laid to his rest in our magnificent churchyard just two hundred and thirty- four years ago. Laid to rest, that is, what of him was mortal. The spirit, made perfect, abides where ' glory dwelleth in Immanuel's land.' ' Now for my text. There is a sense which has been put upon these words : I will not say forced upon them : which they may quite well bear, though I must confess at once it was far from the mind of that nameless woman who is set out as first saying them. They are musical in themselves : of course the tuneless revisers, who could not recognise the grand perfection of solemn English, have done their worst to spoil them. It is here as with other great passages of holy scripture. We read them by Go.spel light : and no carping scholarship can take that kindly gleam away. Whatever ma}' have been in the mind of him, whoever and wherever and ' The reputed last words of Samuel Rutherford. WHAT WE LIVE FOR 309 whenever, who wrote the words which have been translated into my text ; we know perfectly what zae mean by them : when we say, with thirsting hearts and with moistened eyes, that our prayer and hope and purpose are, to wait, holding fast by our Saviour, touched and sustained by the Blessed and Holy Spirit, through all present loneliness and desolation, ' until the day break, and the shadows flee away.' Do you suppose that these words would have been graven with an iron pen (as Job said) on the Cross of stone above many a Christian grave ; and read, even by such as never knew the sleeper be- neath the green grass, through a mist of tears : if they meant no more than severe criticism would tell us ? The modest bride interrupting the too- poetic flow of the bridegroom's eloquence : with words which in sober earnest mean just this : ' Really this is quite too complimentary : I must get away for a little while till you calm down to homely sense ' ? — I trow not. That is not what we mean at all. Not that : nor anything within a thousand miles of that. We go straight to that whereof the Apostles continually preached : that which in those days was held as distinctive and essential Christianity. We go straight and with the full heart to ' Jesus and the Resurrection.' 3IO WHAT WE LIVE FOR VVe put everything else aside : we cast our anchor here. It is very shadowy now : very dark and doubt- ful. * We know in part' We know little. Of some of the things we most desire to know, we know nothing clearly ; and the longer we think, the less. Something sealed the lips and stayed the pen of Apostle and Evangelist. The words we most long to find in the New Testament are not there ! If there were a chapter which told us where and what-like those are who have gone before us, — not martyrs and apostles half so much as those whom we knew so well when they were here, those who were dearest to ourselves, — how that chapter would be read and re-read ! But that chapter is not within the boards of God's revelation to us. Plenty of words have been said and written which are of no authority whatsoever, as to details mani- fold. But word weighted with God's authority, — none at all. We carry our dead to the last resting-place. We lay down low and dark in the earth that which was mortal in them, which we used to know : the soul has flitted away, in a fashion which, but for Christ and what He taught us, we should call WHAT WE LIVE FOR 31I Going Out : we try to sing, sometimes, as we were bidden, ' Now the labourer's task is o'er ' : and we turn away from the little narrow opening in the green turf under the grey cathedral. A mere slit in the blazing verdure of South England, the sister of my best friend in this world told me his grave seemed to be. And the thousands that stood round it, though among them were the greatest dignitaries of the greatest of National Churches, could make the lowly resting-place nothing more. But be it wheresoever, what remains to us all is that we turn away from the long home, the house appointed for all living, and try (as we were coun- selled) to take again to our work, ' until the day break, and the shadows flee away.' So we say, vaguely looking onward to a time 01 re-union. Long ago, it was T/iat Day : St. Paul himself could say no more. No doubt, the day when Christ shall come back : and bring them that sleep in Jesus with Him. Meanwhile, everything waits for that. ' The earnest expectation of the creature,' the dumb unconscious longing of all creation, * waiteth for the manifestation of the sons of God ' : that is, the coming back, visible and glorious, of those who went away. The brightest summer day here is no better 312 WHAT WE LIVE FOR than darkness, if we think by its h'ght to read the things which perhaps the angels desire to look into, or to see behind the Veil. No sun that ever shone on sea or land can reveal to us the secret things which belong to God : the reason of God's strange dealings with His children : why the precious useful life is cut short, and the life which is the curse of all who have to do with it is lengthened out : why the vilest of men are exalted, as the Psalmist said, and the best have a sore struggle : why it sounds like a wild story from some strange world (as a great thinker said), ' when any man obtains that which he merits, — or any merits that which he ob- tains ' : above all (for we always come back to that), where and what-like is the Home to which those went who went away from you, leaving all here blank and desolate. The things which we know not now we shall know hereafter : we have Christ's own promise for it. But only when these voices are hushed : when these shadows flee away. All will be plain and clear then : when you hear the voice and clasp the hand once more. For we know, on authority which cannot be doubted, that this is what all creation groans and travails to see. This is the Restoration of all things. We ask for this every time we say, ' Thy Kingdom WHAT WE LIVE FOR 313 come : Thy will be done in earth as it is in heaven.' * When the day breaks, and the shadows flee away,' means nothing less than the time when we shall get everything : when the reign of good shall begin and all evil shall perish : when ' death and hell,' as the Book of Revelation promises, shall be cast to destruction for evermore. Christ, Who lived and died for us, is to ' see of the travail of His soul, and shall be satisfied.' Does any soul worth counting think he can be satisfied yet ? I this world of unutterable sin and misery, this world whose awful story often sickens you as you read the daily record of the time, the kind of world He lived and died to see ? Was it to keep going on this scene of Turkish horrors and abomi- nations, of African slavery and of smug wealthy Britons who stood up for it while they durst, ay, of English murders and hangings, that Christ agonised in Gethsemane and died on Calvary ? Do you really think He can be ' satisfied ' with things as they are ? Nay, verily : nor will He be so until that inconceivable time when ' there shall be no more death, neither sorrow, nor crying : neither shall there be any more pain.' For He ' was manifested that He might destroy 314 WHAT WE LIVE FOR the works of the Devil ' : that is, make an end of all evil : which means all sin and all sorrow. And He has done little towards that yet. So far, evil commonly has the upper hand. I suppose it was only a certain insensibility and want of heart which prompted the famous sentence, — and he was both a great man and a good man (of a somewhat unspiritual type indeed) who wrote it, — that ' It is a happy world after all.' It is Not. Ay, there have been decades of the world's history, and regions of this world's face, wherein, to say the truth, if the world had been governed by the Devil, and not by God, I am bold to say it would have made little apparent difference. Things have been just about as bad as they could be. Our great Scottish genius saw far deeper than Paley's heart- less judgment, when he wrote that ' man was made to mourn.' The earliest written book on earth had been before him, with the unforgettable ' Born to trouble, as the sparks fly upward.' The Son of Consolation could but give forth the line of comfortless sound, ' We must through much tribulation.' And one, not second to any Apostle, St. Paul himself, though to him ' to live was Christ,' hesitated not to testify that ' If in this life only we have hope in Christ, we are of all men most miser- WHAT WE LIVE FOR 315 able.' It needs another and a better world to set this right. But for the hope which thirsting souls have thought they saw gleaming through my text, we go back over ages to the sublime chorus in the CEdipus ; ' Not to be, is best of all ! ' There is no fancy about it : and it does not belong only to saint-like souls who have an assur- ance which is vouchsafed to few. Hold to your Saviour, that you be not disappointed at the last : Open the door to Him every day anew : Cling to His Cross. But of a truth we live through this present life through the hope that the day will break when there shall be no more night : that the spireless and domeless Golden City will arise in our view, where there will be no temple because all the hallowed place will be one great temple, mag- nificent as none ever was here : that those will be given back for ever who went before us for a little while. And walking, too, by that surgy murmur which some could barely do without, we recall, oftentimes, the glorious truth hidden and embodied in the assurance which is true in a sense far deeper than the literal, that he who saw the Apocalypse, beholding the new heaven and the new earth and the new Jerusalem, saw that * there was no more sea.' 3l6 WHAT WE LIVE FOR I have told }'ou what that means. It is a sub- h'me assurance. Yet only part, a little part, of what my text has wonderfully pictured to countless Christian souls. That morning, the like of which has never dawned yet, when we ' shall be satisfied, when we awake,' with the vision of the Blessed Redeemer, knowing ' Him, and the power of His Resurrec- tion,' as never before : when we shall receive, in Him, every right thing we ever desired : yea, ' With Him, All Things ! ' There is an onward bent in our nature : It is vital to us. It has got to be, in a solemn sense, ' Forgetting those things which are behind, and reaching forth unto those things which are before.' That does not mean but that the dearest of all voices speak to us from the Past ; and that we look for no days, like the days departed, on this side of Time. But it means that you cannot live in the Past, or on the Past. It is gone ; and it cannot sustain you now. And it matters not how long it was : not though it count up to years, once inconceivable : inconceivable in any relation to yourself. To say Thirty Years : Forty Years : it is just a name : a vanishing dream : it is nothing now. When the years come to an end, it is as though they had never been at all. If you are to WHAT WE LIVE FOR 317 live on, as Christ intends you, you must look forward. You worked your best, in your vocation, for forty years : but now you have retired from it, you must find something to do yet. You cannot live, by looking back on those laborious years. I had a dear friend who went not many months since : all educated people know the name of Froude. He was seventy-six ; but he often said he hoped he might not live after he had ceased to be able to work. There must still be something to look on to. And far more touching remembrances come, than of the very hardest and most faithful toil : remembrances so sacred that they are not to be spoken of; and far too deep for easy-coming tears. Only let it be said, that here too you must look onward. Which does not mean but that you continually look back. Yet if you are to live at all, you must be reaching forth unto those things which are before. You will never, for practical wisdom, get ahead of him who could likewise soar so transcendentally into the high empyrean, the one name which is in each of the three glorified companies of the Te Deum : St. Paul, Apostle, Prophet, and Martyr. But you are not to feed your soul on ashes by looking forward and reaching forth to anything, 3l8 WHAT WE LIVE FOR how excellent soever, which will fail, and pass, like what has been. No : you will look on, the Blessed Spirit enabling you, to that which will satisfy fully, to that which will last for ever : to the season when the day shall break, and the shadows flee away. The grass blazes bright-green in these sun- shiny blinks after rain, as when Christ walked on it and made the people sit down on it : I do not believe it could have been more beautiful when Eden was here. The inconceivably old Sun sends forth his ancient song, and smiles on a sinful and sorrowful world gloriously as on the First Day. Nature, were but sin away and Christ back again with all He is to bring with Him, is good enough for Paradise : We know what is the only thing that is a jarring exception. But till sin goes and He comes back, bringing His harvest of blest souls with Him, it is a dark world : where we can but watch the distant dawning of the better Light on the hill-tops or from the deep sea ; and wait, patiently, as the Holy Ghost may help us, ' until the day break, and the shadows flee away.' Spottisvioode <5?* Co. Printers, New-street Square, Lotuion. August, 1895. Messrs. LONGMANS, GREEN, & CO.'S CLASSIFIED CATALOGUE OF WORKS IN GENERAL LITERATURE. History, Politics, Polity, Political Memoirs, &c. Abbott.— A History of Gkeicce. By Evelyn Abbott, M.A., LL.D. Part I. — From the Earliest Times to the Ionian Revolt. Crown 8vo., los. 6d. Part II. — 500-445 B.C. Cr. 8vo., 10s. 6d. Acland and Ransome.^A Hand- book IN Outline of the Political History of Engl.\nd to 1894. Chro- nologically Arranged. By A. H. Dyke Acland, M.P., and Cyril Ransome, M.A. Cr. Svo., 6s. ANNUAL REGISTER (THE). A Re- view of Public Events at Home and Abroad, for the year 1894. 8vo., i8.f. 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