LIBRARY OF THE THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY 
 
 PRINCETON, N. J. 
 
 Section vO »..l\ ^ | 
 
w 
 
W.: 
 
 THE PROPHECIES OF ISAIAH 
 
 AN OUTLINE STUDY 
 
 OF 
 
 Isaiah's Writings in their Chronological Order in 
 
 Connection with the Contemporary 
 
 Assyrio-Babylonian Records 
 
 MAXIMILIAN LINDSAY KELLNER, M. A. 
 
 Assistant Professor of the Old Testament Languages in the 
 
 Episcopal Theological School in 
 
 Cambridge 
 
 CAMBRIDGE, MASS. 
 1895 
 
vi:':^ 
 
 Copyright 
 
 Max Kellner 
 
 1895 
 
 Press of Graves & Henry 
 Cambridge, Mass. 
 
HELPS TO THE STUDY OF ISAIAH. 
 
 Cheyne, Introduction to the Book of Isaiah. 
 
 Cheyne, The Prophecies of Isaiah. 
 
 Delitzsch, The Prophecies of Isaiah. 
 
 Dillmann, Der Prophet Jesaia. 
 
 Duhm, Das Buch Jesaia. 
 
 G. A. Smith, The Book of Isaiah. 
 
 Comill, Einleitung in das Alte Testament. 
 
 Driver, Introduction to the Literature of the Old Testament. 
 
 Driver, Isaiah: His Life and Times. 
 
 Sayce, The Life and Times of Isaiah. 
 
 Cheyne's article, " Isaiah," in the Encyclopedia Britannica. 
 
 Strachey, Jewish History and Politics in the times of Sargon and Sennacherib. 
 
 Schrader, The Cuneiform Inscriptions and the Old Testament. 
 
 Records of the Past, new series. 
 
" Ha ! Assyria, the rod of mine anger, and the 
 staff in whose hand is mine indignation ! Against 
 an impious nation am I wont to send him, and 
 against the people of my wrath to give him a charge 
 to take spoil and to seize booty, and to make it a 
 trampling like mire in the streets." 
 
THE PROPHECIES OF ISAIAH. 
 
 A. INTRODUCTORY. 
 
 I. Isaiah's Private Life. 
 
 i] His home — Jerusalem. 
 2] His father — Amoz, i: i. 
 3] His wife — " the projjhetess," viii : 3. 
 
 4] His sons — bearing like their father names which were ever- 
 present witnesses of the prophecies Isaiah uttered,* cf. viii: 18. 
 
 a] Shear-jashub, vii: 3. 
 
 b] Maher-shalal-hash-baz, viii : 3. 
 
 5] His death and burial — as transmitted to us by Jewish tradition. 
 
 II. Isaiah's Public Life : Sources of Information. 
 
 A. Biblical. 
 
 i] The prophet's own writings. 
 
 2] Those of his younger contemporary, Micah. 
 
 3] The historical books of the Kings and the Chronicles. 
 
 B. Extra-biblical. 
 
 i] The literary remains of contemporary Assyrian kings, which 
 
 a] Describe the same events from a different standpoint. 
 
 b] Furnish valuable details not given by the biblical writers. 
 
 c] Throw light on many chronological difficulties. 
 
 d] Give an insight into the Semitic life and thought of the 
 
 age. 
 2] The monuments of Egypt, which are valuable for tlie same 
 
 reasons, but in a less degree. 
 3] The Jewish historian Josephus, cf. Antiq. Jud. IX. xi. 2 — 
 
 X. iii. I. 
 
 III. The Make-up of the Book. 
 
 i] It is a collection of sermons. 
 
 2] The system on which they are arranged is not a chronological 
 
 one. 
 3] What system governed in the arrangement is difficult to determine. 
 4] Some of the sermons embodied in the collection are not by Isaiah, 
 5] Isaiah must have preached many sermons which have not been 
 
 preserved to us. 
 6] Some of those preserved in this collection are mere fragments. 
 7] The historical background of the sermons, thanks to the historical 
 
 books of the Bible and the monuments of Assyria and Egypt, 
 
 is for the most part easily determined. 
 
 * Isaiah = The salvation of Yahwe; Shear-jashub = A remnant shall return; Maher-shalal- 
 hash-baz = The spoil speedeth, the prey hasteth. 
 
IV. The Most Scientific Plan of Study to Follow. 
 
 i] A consideration of the sermons in their chronological sequence. 
 
 2] From the point of view of the historical connection. 
 
 3] With a careful estimate of the extra-biblical contemporary records. 
 
 V. Kings on the Throne during Isaiah's Activity, 
 i] In Judah. 
 
 a] Uzziah (Azariah), circa 790-740 B. C. 
 
 b] Jotham, 
 
 740-73S- 
 
 c] Ahaz (Jehoahaz), 
 
 735-715- 
 
 d] Hezekiah, 
 
 715-686. 
 
 In Israel. 
 
 
 a] Menahem, 
 
 745-737 B. C. 
 
 b] Pekahiah, 
 
 737-735- 
 
 c] Pekah. 
 
 735-733- 
 
 d] Hoshea, 
 
 733-722. 
 
 End of the Kingdom of Israel in 723 B. C. 
 3] In Ass)Tia. 
 
 a] Tiglath Pileser III (Pul). 745-727 B. C. 
 
 b] Shalmaneser IV, 727-722. 
 
 c] Sargon, 722-705. 
 
 d] Sennacherib, 705-681. 
 4] In Egypt. 
 
 a] Shabak. 
 
 b] Shabatak. 
 
 c] Tirhakah. 
 
 VI. The Political Parties in Jerusalem during Isaiah's Activity. 
 i] The Assyrian party and its policy. 
 
 2] The Egyptian party and its policy. 
 3] The National party and its policy. 
 
 VII. Important Events during Isaiah's Activity.* 
 740. Isaiah's Consecration, Is. \"i. 
 
 Arpad taken by Tiglath Pileser III of Assyria, C. I.+ i : 214. 
 Death of Uzziah of Judah and accession of Jotham, 2 Kings 
 XV : 7 ; cf. C. I. I : 217. 
 739. Hamath taken by the Ass)-rians, C I. i : 209-214. 
 738. Calno taken by the Ass}Tians, cf. Is. x : 9. 
 
 Menahem of Israel renders tribute to Pul (Tiglath Pileser) 2 
 Kings xv: 19; C. I. I : 219 f., 244-245. 
 735. Syro-Israelitish alliance formed. 
 
 Accession of Ahaz of Judah, 2 Kings xv : 38. 
 The plot of Rezin and Pekah to depose Ahaz and place on the 
 throne a certain Ben-Tabeel, Is. \-ii: 1-6. 
 
 • A translation of all the Assyrian historical inscriptions here referred to will be found on 
 pages 30-36. 
 t Schrader, The Coneifonn Inscriptions and the Old Testament. 
 
The ineffectual campaign against Jerusalem, 2 Kings xvi : 5; 
 
 Is. vii : I . 
 The Syrian troops capture Elath, expel the Judeans, and restore 
 
 it to the Edomites, 2 Kings xvi; 6; cf. 2 Kings xiv : 22. 
 The Israelite troops ravage the Judean territory and carry off 
 
 many prisoners, 2 Chron. xxviii : 6-8. 
 Moab and Ammon sympathize with Syria-Israel in the attack 
 
 upon Judah, C. I. i : 249. 
 The Edomites, who have declared themselves independent, 
 
 make raids into Judah, 2 Chron. xxviii : 17. 
 The Philistines also declare themselves independent and seize 
 
 certain cities on Judah's southern frontier, 2 Chron. xxviii: 
 
 18. 
 Ahaz calls upon Tiglath Pileser of Assyria for protection from 
 
 his foes, 2 Kings xvi: 7-8; 2 Chron. xxviii : 16; C. I. I : 
 
 255- 
 734-732. King Tiglath Pileser III, in Syria-Palestine. 
 
 In Syria: Tiglath Pileser victorious in the open field; Damas- 
 cus left under siege, C. I. i : 254. 
 
 In North Israel: Tiglath Pileser in 734 B. C. "took Ijon, and 
 Abel-beth-maachah, and Janoah, and Kedesh, and Hazor, 
 and Gilead, and Galilee, all the land of Naphtali, and carried 
 them captive to Assyria," 2 Kings xv : 29 ; cf. Is. ix : i ; 
 C.I. l: 247. 
 
 Moab and Ammon punished, C. I. i : 249. 
 
 The Philistines punished, C. I. i : 249, 254. 
 
 Tiglath Pileser again in Israel : King Pekah conspired against 
 by his servants. Assassinated by an Assyrian sympathizer, 
 Hoshea the son of Elah, who is appointed by Tiglath Pileser 
 to the vacant throne, 2 Kings xv: 30; C. I. i : 248, 251. 
 
 The Edomites punished, C. I. i : 249. 
 
 Samsi, queen of North Arabia, punished for taking part in the 
 rebellion against Assyria, C. I. i : 248, 254. 
 732. Damascus, after a two years' siege, now stripped of her allies, 
 falls. End of the Kingdom of Syria, 2 Kings xvi : 9 ; Is. 
 xvii : I. 
 
 Tiglath Pileser's court at Damascus: King Ahaz (Jehoahaz) of 
 Judah among the numerous subject princes who gather there 
 to do him obeisance, 2 Kings xvi: 10; C. I. i : 249. 
 727. Accession of Shalmaneser IV of Assyria. 
 
 Hoshea tributary to Tiglath Pileser's successor Shalmaneser, 
 2 Kings xvii : 3. 
 
 Hoshea conspires with Shabak (So) of Egypt and Phoenicia 
 [see below] to throw off the Assyrian yoke, 2 Kings xvii : 
 4; cf. Hoseavii: 11 ; xii: i. 
 
That the Phoenicians took part in the revolt is stated by 
 Menander quoted by Josephus (Antiq. Jud. IX. xiv. 2). 
 Tyre was besieged for five years by Shalmaneser-Sargon, 
 Is. xxiii. 
 724. Shalmaneser falls suddenly upon Hoshea and takes him pris- 
 oner. His capital, Samaria, placed under siege, 2 Kings 
 xvii: 4, 5. 
 722. Death of Shalmaneser and accession of Sargon. 
 
 Fall of Samaria after a three years' siege and end of the King- 
 dom of Israel, 2 Kings xvii: 6; C. I. i : 264-266. 
 Israelite captives, to the number of 27,290 only, deported and 
 settled in " Halah, and in Habor, on the river of Gozan, and 
 in the cities of the Medes," 2 Kings xvii : 6, 23. 
 Later on (in 721, 715, etc.) Sargon "brought men from Baby- 
 lon, and from Cuthah, and from Avva, and from Hamath 
 and Sepharvaim, and placed them in the cities of Samaria 
 instead of the children of Israel, 2 Kings xvii : 24 ; C. I. i : 
 268 f. 
 720. Hamath taken by Sargon, C. I. 2 : 7-S. 
 
 Battle of Raphia ; great defeat by Sargon of Egyptians under 
 Shabak, C. I. 2:88. 
 717. Carchemish taken by Sargon, C. I. 2 : 7. 
 715. Accession of Hezekiah of Judah, cf. 2 Kings xviii: 1-2, 9-10, 
 
 13- 
 713-712. Hezekiah's illness and the embassy of Merodach lialadan of 
 Babylon, 2 Kings xx; Is. xxxviii-xxxix. 
 C. 712. Accession of Shabatak of Egypt. 
 
 Shabatak tries to confederate the princes of Syria- Palestine 
 against Assyria. 
 711. Siege and capture of Ashdod by troops of Sargon, cf. Is. xx : 
 I ; C. I. 2: 7, 89-94, 98. 
 Shabatak sues for peace. Jerusalem is not molested, having 
 probably soon repented of her rebellion. 
 710. Sargon defeats Merodach Baladan and enters Babylon. 
 705. Accession of Sennacherib of Assyria. 
 
 Coalition formed against Sennacherib by Egypt, Phoenicia, 
 Philistia, and Judah, C. I. i : 278 ff. 
 704. Sennacherib's subjugation of Babylon : Merodach Baladan flees 
 
 to the swamps of lower Chaldea, C. I. 2 : 31. 
 701. Sennacherib's campaign in the West. 2 Kings xviii : 13-xix: 
 37 ; Is. xxxvi-xxxvii. 
 
 Sidon captured and neighboring cities, C. I. i : 284. 
 Ashkelon captured and neighboring cities, C. I. i : 284. 
 Near Eltekeh. Battle with the allies from Egypt. Senna- 
 cherib victorious, C. I. i : 2S5. 
 
 8 
 
Ekron punished, C. I. i : 285. 
 
 Sennacherib moves on to Lachish, C. I. i : 280. 
 Judah in the meantime has been ravaged and Jerusalem 
 invested, C. I.i : 286. 
 The surrender of the city is demanded by Sennacherib, 
 
 Is. xxxvi-xxxvii. 
 Hezekiah tenders him his submission at Lachish, 2 Kings 
 xviii: 14-15 ; C. I. i : 280. 
 Tirhakah of Ethiopia approaches in person at the head of 
 an army. Is. xxxvii: 9a. 
 Either Sennacherib's army was so sorely smitten with 
 pestilence in the swampy northeast corner of the 
 Egyptian Delta, that he dared not venture a meet- 
 ing with Tirhakah 's forces. Is. xxxvii : 36, 
 Or rumors of disturbances in Babylonia suddenly called 
 Sennacherib home, C. I. i : 310. 
 700. Sennacherib's subjugation of Babylon; Bel-ibni deposed and 
 carried off to Assyria ; Sennacherib's son, Asshur-nadin- 
 shum, placed on the throne, Babylonian Chronicle, Col. ii : 
 26-31. 
 68 1. Sennacherib's death at the hands of his sons Adrammelech 
 and (Nergal-jSharezer while worshiping in the temple of his 
 god Nusku*, 2 Kings xix : 37; Is. xxxvii : 38; 2 Chron. 
 xxxii : 21 ; Babylonian Chronicle, Coi. iii : 28-38. 
 
 THE MATERIAL. 
 
 I. The Book of Isaiah Falls Naturally into Three Divisions : 
 
 1. The Collected Prophecies of I Isaiah, I-XXXV. 
 
 A. " Concerning Judah and Jerusalem," i-xii. 
 
 B. Utterances on foreign nations, xiii-xxiii. 
 
 C. Not forming properly a collection by itself before union with 
 
 i-xxiii, xxiv-xxxv. 
 
 i] An apocalypse made up of a number of pieces; un- 
 Isaianic, xxiv-xxvii. 
 
 2] Hezekiah's revolt from Assyria and Sennacherib's inva- 
 sion of Palestine, 704-701, xxviii-xxxi. 
 
 3] Eschatologic prophecies on the restoration of Israel ; 
 un-Isaianic, xxxii-xxxv. 
 
 2. An Historical Extract from 2 Kings xviii: 13-xx: 19, XXXVI- 
 
 XXXIX. 
 Appended by the compiler of the Prophecies of Isaiah as con- 
 taining valuable material bearing on Isaiah's prophetic work. 
 
 3. The Prophecies of the Restoration, — II Isaiah, — XL-LXVI. 
 
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 become Nsrk (Nisrok). 
 
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III. The Prophecies in Chronological Order. 
 
 1. VI. Isaiah's Call to the Prophetic Ofifice, 740. 
 
 2. II-IV. Sermons delivered between 740-735. ii: i is a general 
 
 superscription by a later editor; ii: 22 is un-Isaianic ; and ii : 2- 
 4 and iv : 2-6 are post-Exilic. 
 
 3. V: 1-24; 25; IX : 7 (8)-X : 4; V: 26-30. Sermons delivered at the 
 
 beginning of the reign of Ahaz, 735. v: 15 is an editorial gloss, 
 and 25 is mainly editorial. 
 
 4. VII. Isaiah's interview with Ahaz and the " Immanuel " sign, 734. 
 
 5. VIII: i-IX: 6 (7). " Maher-shalal-hash-baz," 734. 
 
 6. XVII: i-ii. The Impending Ruin of Syria and Israel, 734. 
 
 7. XXIII. An Utterance on Tyre, c. 725. Vs. 13, editorially recast ; 
 
 15-18, un-Isaianic and late. 
 
 8. XXVIII : 1-6 (a fragment). The Fall of Israel's Capital, 723. 
 
 9. XXXVIII-XXXIX (inserted from 2 Kings xx). Hezekiah's Illness 
 
 and the Embassy of Merodach Baladan of Babylon, 713-713. 
 
 10. XV-XVI. A Pre-Isaianic Utterance on the Defeat of Moab by 
 
 Jeroboam II in Uzziah's reign. To this quotation Isaiah adds an 
 epilogue, xvi : 13-14, prophesying Moab's speedy humiliation (by 
 Sargon of Assyria), 71 2-71 1. 
 
 11. XXI: 11-12. A Pre-Isaianic Utterance on Edom made use of by 
 
 Isaiah, 712-71 1. 
 
 12. XXI: 13-17. A Pre-Isaianic Utterance on Arabia made use of by 
 
 Isaiah, 71 2-71 1. 
 
 13. XX. "Thus hath it gone with (Egypt) our expectation," 711. 
 
 14. XIV: 28-32. An Utterance on Philistia, 705. 
 
 15. XXVIII : 7-29. A Woe on the Sinners of Jerusalem, 704. 
 
 16. XXIX : 1-14. The Impending Fate of Ariel, 703. 
 
 17. XXIX: 15; XXX: 1-17; XXXI. Utterances on the Egyptian 
 
 Alliance, 703-702. .xxix : 16-24; xxx: 18-26, 27-33 ^""^ post- 
 Exilic insertions. 
 
 18. XXII: 15-25. A Prophecy against Shebna, the leader of the 
 
 Egyptian party, before 701. Vss. 24-25 are a later addition. 
 
 19. X: 5-15; XIV: 24-27; X: 16-XI: 9. Prophecies against 
 
 Assyria's Arrogance, 701. 
 
 20. I: 5-31. The Land a Desolation, 701. Vss. 2-4 are an editorial 
 
 addition of uncertain date ; and i is the heading the compiler of 
 i-xxxv put to his book. 
 
 21. XVII: 12-14. The City Besieged, 701. 
 
 22. XVIII. The Anxiety of Ethiopia at the Crisis, 701. 
 
 23. XXII: 1-14. The Siege Raised, 701. 
 
 24. XXXVI-XXXVII (inserted from 2 Kings xviii : 13-xix : 37). Sen- 
 
 nacherib's Campaign in the West, — the Siege of Jerusalem, 701. 
 
Isaiah's Call to the Prophetic Office, VI. 
 
 a] The political condition of Judah at the time. 
 
 b] The Immediate circumstances of the call. 
 
 c] The Theophany, t-4. 
 
 d] Its effect upon Isaiah — • sense of uncleanness, 5. 
 
 e] Purification, 6-7. 
 
 f] Isaiah conscious of his call, 8. 
 
 g] The divine commission, 9-10. 
 h] Its extent, 11-13. 
 
 i] The date of Isaiah's committing the vision to writing, c. 735. 
 The Sermons in II-IV. 
 
 a] The general editorial superscription, ii : i . 
 
 b] The historical circumstances and date, 740-735. 
 [A post-Exilic insertion, 2-4.] 
 
 c] Humiliation in punishment for the people's idolatry, 5-1 1. 
 i] Upon nature and inanimate objects, 12-21. 
 
 [Verse 22 is un-Isaianic] 
 2] Upon the men, — the rulers and oppressors of Judah, ill: r-15. 
 3] Upon the women, — the thoughtless devotees of lu.xury, t6-iv : i. 
 
 [A post-Exilic insertion, 2-6.] 
 The Sermons in V: 1-24; 25; IX: 7(S)-X : 4; V: 26-30. 
 
 a] The historical circumstances and date, 735. 
 
 b] The parable of the vineyard, v : 1-7. 
 
 c] The wild grapes of the vineyard of Judah are the national sins of 
 
 Judah, which the prophet specifies in a series of woes, S-24. 
 Sins of the senses, — 
 i] The pitiless greed of the rich for land, S. 
 
 The woe : the land shall be desolate, 9-10, 17. 
 2] Their luxury and self-indulgence, 1 1-12. 
 The woe: captivity "unawares," 13-14. 
 [Verse 15 is an editorial gloss.] 
 Sins of the intellect, — 
 
 3] Their moral perversity and taunting unbelief, 18-19. 
 4] Their perverted ethical theories, 20. 
 5] Their confidence in their own wisdom, 21. 
 6] Their judicial corruption, 22-23. 
 
 The woe upon them because of these last four sins of the in- 
 tellect : a fierce, swiftly-advancing, all-embracing and 
 complete destruction, 24. 
 [Verse 25 is mainly editorial ; it was designed by the editor to 
 link V: 1-24 with IX: 7-X : 4 and V: 26-30.] 
 
 d] A series of judgments have been sent already, but with no effect : — 
 i] Invasion and desolation of territory in Israel, ix : 7(S)-i 1(12). 
 
 2] War and defeat, I2(i3)-i6(i7). 
 
 3] Civil strife, I7(i8)-20(2i). 
 
 4] Threat of captivity or death, x: 1-4. 
 
 e] The great judgment will now come, — Assyria, v : 26-30. 
 
Interview with Ahaz: "If ye do not confide, verily ye shall not abide," 
 VII. 
 
 a] The heading to the chapter: the circumstances and date of the 
 
 interview, 734, 1-2. 
 
 b] The account of the interview, 3-17. 
 i] The boy Shear-jashub, 3. 
 
 2] The prophetic message, 4-1 1. 
 
 3] Ahaz's reception of it, 12. 
 
 4] The sign offered : Immanu-El, 13-14. 
 
 5] The connection of the sign with Assyria, 15-17. 
 
 c] The coming of Assyria: an expansion of vs. 17, 18-25. 
 
 " Maher-shalal-hash-baz," VIII : i-IX : 6(7). 
 
 a] The historical circumstances and date, 734. 
 
 b] The tablet inscribed Maher-shalal-hash-baz, viii : 1-2. 
 
 c] The child named Maher-shalal-hash-baz and the sign attached to 
 
 him, 3-4. 
 
 d] Assyria will surely come, but "God is with us," 5-10. 
 
 e] Fear not what this people fear; hold Yahwe in awe, and he will prove 
 
 your sanctuary, 11-15. 
 
 f] The prophet prays that his message may be fixed in the hearts of 
 
 his hearers and accomplish its purpose. He expresses his own 
 trust in Yahwe's promises, of which he and his children are signs, 
 16-18. 
 
 g] His warning to his hearers not to resort to necromancers, but " to 
 
 the instruction and testimony" of Yahwe, 19-20. 
 "And when they say to you. Inquire of the necromancers and 
 wizards that chirp and mutter (Should not a people inquire of its 
 god, — of the dead in behalf of the living?), then 'to the instruction 
 and testimony ' [do ye have recourse]. If they speak not according 
 to this watchword [t. e., 'to the instruction and testimony'], it is be- 
 cause for them there is no dawn." 
 h] The horrors of the devastating war in North Israel; the Assyrian 
 king, Tiglath Pileser III, has carried the tribes of Zebulun and 
 Naphtali into captivity, 21-223; cf. 2 Kings xv : 19-20. 
 i] The day will come when the aftiicted land of Zebulun and Naphtali 
 
 shall again be exalted, 22b-ix: 2(3). 
 j] The rod of their oppressor shall be broken, 3(4)-4(5). 
 k] The Messianic king is to be born, who will prove himself 
 
 r " For unto us a child is born . . . for 
 the increase of the dominion and for 
 endless peace upon the throne of David 
 and upon his kingdom, in order to estab- 
 lish it and uphold it with judgment and 
 with righteousness, from henceforth 
 even forever," 5(6)-6(7). 
 
 16 
 
 A wonderful counsellor. 
 A God-hero. 
 An everlasting father. 
 A prince of peace. 
 
 -l 
 
The Impending Ruin of Syria and Israel, XVII: i-ii. 
 
 a] The historical circumstances and date, 734. 
 
 b] Syria shall be utterly wasted, 1-3. 
 
 c] Israel shall also be made thin like 
 i] An emaciated body, 4. 
 
 2] A harvest-field stripped of its crop, 5. 
 3] A beaten olive-tree, 6. 
 
 d] Yet a "remnant" shall be left, who shall look unto Yahwe, 6-8. 
 
 e] A picture of the desolate condition of the land brought about by 
 
 Israel's forgetfulness of Yahwe and her adoption of foreign 
 cults, 9-1 1. 
 
 An Utterance on Tyre, XXIII. 
 
 a] The historical circumstances and date, c. 725. 
 
 i] When Tiglath Pileser III first.appeared in the West in 743 the 
 Phoenicians offered him their submission and became tribute- 
 payers to Assyria, C. I. i: 242-245. 
 
 2] According to the statement of the Tyrian historian Menander, in 
 a fragment preserved to us by Josephus, EIula;us, king of 
 Tyre and suzerain of Phoenicia, revolted from Assyria, Antiq. 
 Jud. IX. xiv. 2. 
 
 3] Hereupon, according to Menander, Shalmaneser IV besieged 
 Tyre by sea and land for five years, 727-722, — it would seem 
 unsuccessfully. 
 
 4] The siege was brought to an end, either by Shalmaneser with- 
 drawing his forces to engage in the investment of the city of 
 Samaria, or by the change of dynasty upon Shalmaneser's 
 death. 
 
 b] The Phoenician merchantmen returning from the colony of Tarshish 
 
 in Spain are greeted in Cyprus (Chittim) with the tidings that 
 Tyre has fallen, 1-5, 14. 
 
 c] Let the Tyrians emigrate to Tarshish, 6-7. 
 
 d] It is Yahwe who has brought this disgrace upon Tyre, 8-9. 
 
 e] The Tyrian colonists also shall be emancipated, — Cyprus shall 
 
 refuse to receive the fugitives, 10-12. 
 [Although vs. 13 seems to have been originally Isaianic, in its present 
 form it is late, having been recast to accord with the editor's ideas of 
 the application of the prophecy. Verses 15-18 are un-Isaianic and 
 late.] 
 
 The Fall of Israel's Capital, XXVIII : 1-6 (a fragment). 
 
 a] The historical circumstances and date, 723. 
 
 b] The woe against Samaria because of her debauchery, i . 
 
 c] Yahwe's swift storm will dash garlands and pampered bodies alike 
 
 into the mire, 2-4. 
 
 d] Yet a " remnant " shall outlive that storm, to whom Yahwe of hosts 
 
 shall be for a crown of glory, 5-6. 
 
Hezekiah's Illness and the Embassy of Merodach Baladan of Babylon, 
 XXXVIII-XXXIX. . 
 
 [In incorporating 2 Kings xx into his collection of the Prophecies of 
 Isaiah, the compiler considerably abridged verses i-n in xxxviu : 
 1-8. He also introduced the " Song of Hezekiah " from some 
 other source,- perhaps some collection of such traditionally- 
 ascribed psalms in use in his own day.] 
 
 a] The historical circumstances and date, 713-7 '2. 
 
 b] Hezekiah sick unto death : " Set thy house in order ; for thou shalt 
 
 die," I. 
 
 c] Hezekiah's prayer, 2-3. 
 
 d] Yahwe's answer: «' I will add unto thy days fifteen years, 4-5- 
 
 e] Deliverance from the oppression of Assyria also promised, 6-8. 
 
 f] The Song of Hezekiah, 9-20. 
 
 g] Hezekiah's recovery, 21-22. 
 
 h] Merodach Baladan of Babylon sends letters and a present to Heze- 
 kiah ostensibly to congratulate him on this recovery, xxxix : i. 
 i] The real object of " the Babylonian patriot " was to provide himself 
 with allies in his resistance of Sargon of Assyria ; cf. C. I. 2 : 23 f. 
 j] Hezekiah listens to his messengers and shows them the resources of 
 
 his kingdom, 2-3. 
 k] Isaiah's rebuke of Hezekiah, 4. 
 1] Prophecy of captivity to Babylon, 5-8. 
 ). A Pre-Isaianic Utterance on Moab quoted by Isaiah, XV-XVI. 
 A A Pre-Isaianic Utterance on the defeat of Moab, xv-xvi: 12. 
 
 al The date and historical circumstances : The invasion of Moab 
 by Jeroboam II of Israel, who, we are told, "restored the 
 borders of Israel from the entering in of Hamath unto the 
 Sea of the Arabah {/. e., Dead Sea)," 2 Kings xiv : 25. 
 bl The attack on Moab, xv. 
 
 c] The Moabite fugitives urged to take refuge in Judah, who will 
 
 act the friend to them, xvi : 1-5. 
 
 d] Mourn for Moab, for she shall be utterly wasted, 6-1 2. 
 B. The Epilogue by Isaiah, xvi: 13-14- 
 
 al The historical circumstances and date, 7 1 2-7 " = The Moabites 
 are mentioned by Sargon under the date 7" as revolting: 
 "The people of Philistia, Judah, Edom and Moab, dwelling 
 beside the sea, bringing tribute and presents to Asshur, my 
 lord who plotted revolt and treason, who to incite him agamst 
 me unto Pharaoh, king of Egypt, a prince who could not 
 save them, their presents carried and besought his alliance, 
 
 etc. 
 
 b] Isaiah recognizes the old oracle as from Yahwe, 13. 
 
 c] Within three vears Moab shall be humiliated. 14- 
 
 „. A Pre-Isaianic Utterance on Edom made use of by Isaiah, XXI : 11-12. 
 a] The historical circumstances and date, 7 1 2-7 1 1 . 
 
 18 
 
b] The voice from Seir, ii. 
 
 c] The answer: The worst is yet to come, 12. 
 
 12. A Pre-Isaianic Utterance on Arabia made use of by Isaiah, XXI: 13-17. 
 
 a] The historical circumstances and date, 712-711. 
 
 b] The fleeing Dedanites told to take refuge in the thickets, 13. 
 
 c] The inhabitants of Tema urged to furnish the fugitives with drink 
 
 and food, 14. 
 
 d] Their flight was before the invaders of their land, 15. 
 
 e] The worst is yet to come, 16-17. 
 
 13. "Thus hath it gone with our expectation," XX. 
 
 a] The circumstances and date, — the siege of Ashdod, 711, i. 
 
 b] The command to the prophet to appear in the symbolical garb* of a 
 
 captive, "naked and barefoot," 2. 
 
 c] The significance of Isaiah's act : Egypt shall be led captive to 
 
 Assyria, 3-4. 
 
 d] Judah's dismay at the fate of "Ethiopia her expectation and Egypt 
 
 her glory "; "And Judah, how shall she escape ? " 5-6. 
 
 14. An Utterance on Philistia, XIV: 28-32. 
 
 a] Circumstances and date, — the death of Sargon, 705, cf. 28. 
 
 b] Philistia's messengers to Jerusalem exhorted not to rejoice at this 
 
 event, 29a, cf. 32. 
 
 c] " For out of the serpent's root [i. e., Sargon] shall come forth an 
 
 adder [/. e., Sennacherib]," 29b. 
 
 d] Sennacherib's armies will shortly appear in the north, 31. 
 
 e] The faithful in Jerusalem, however, need have no fear : " Yahwe 
 
 hath founded Zion, and in her shall the afllicted of his people take 
 refuge," 32. 
 
 15. A Woe on the Sinners of Jerusalem, XXVIII: 7-29. 
 
 a] The historical circumstances and date, 704. 
 
 b] Drunkenness is seen on every hand, — even priest and prophet are 
 
 guilty of it, 7-8. 
 
 c] The false prophets' drunken derision bf Isaiah's words, 9-10. 
 
 d] Isaiah's retort, 11-13. 
 
 e] His denunciation of the leaders of the popular thought in Jeru- 
 
 salem, 14-22. 
 
 f] His encouragement of his own followers by means of a parable, 23-29. 
 
 16. The Impending Fate of Ariel, XXIX : 1-14. 
 
 a] The circumstances and date: Within a year Jerusalem shall be 
 
 besieged, 703, 1-4. 
 
 b] But her foes shall be scattered in an instant like so much dust or 
 
 chaff, 5. 
 
 c] They shall be in the day of Yahwe's visitation, 6, 
 
 i] Like a passing dream, in the suddenness of their departure, 7. 
 2] Like one who dreams of eating and drinking, in their disap- 
 pointed expectations, 8. 
 
 ♦Other symbolical acts, I Sam. XV : 27; i Kings xi ; 30, xxii : 11; Jer. xxviii: 10; Ezek. xii: 1-7, 
 
d] By reason of their spiritual blindness this parable seems to Isaiah's 
 
 hearers as a sealed book, 9-12. 
 
 e] Because of their formalism and empty observance of the external 
 
 ceremonial, 13. 
 
 f] Yahwe will deal " wonderfully " with them, — their trust shall come 
 
 to nought, 14. 
 
 17. Utterances on the Egyptian Alliance, XXIX : 15; XXX : 1-17 ; XXXI. 
 
 A. The First Utterance, xxix : 15 (a fragment). 
 
 a] The historical circumstances and date, 703. 
 
 b] A denunciation of the crafty methods pursued by the Egyptian 
 
 party in Jerusalem, 15. 
 
 B. The Second Utterance, xxx: 1-17. 
 
 a] The historical circumstances and date, 703. 
 
 b The folly of the embassy already on its way to Egypt, 1-2. 
 
 c] A picture of the advance of the embassy bearing rich gifts 
 
 through the desert to the Egyptian court, 4-6. 
 
 d] Their trust in the shadow of Egypt shall be their confusion, 
 
 7. cf. 3. 
 
 e] Isaiah orders his prophecy of judgment placed on record, 8. 
 
 f] Since they are a headstrong people, refusing to listen to the 
 
 truth, 9-1 1. 
 
 g] Therefore this their foolhardy trust in Egypt shall prove their 
 
 shame, 12-17. 
 
 C. The Third Utterance, xxxi. 
 
 a] The historical circumstances and date, 702. 
 
 b] Woe to those who trust in Egypt and in human aid in this 
 
 crisis, 1-2. 
 
 c] When Yahwe shall stretch out his hand "he that helpeth " 
 
 (Egypt) and " he that is holpen " (Judah) shall fail together, 3. 
 
 d] In that day Yahwe shall appear 
 
 i] Upon Mt. Zion, to fight for his holy mountain, — like a lion 
 undismayed at the voice of a multitude of shepherds, 4. 
 
 2] Over Mt. Zion, to protect his holy mountain, — hovering 
 over it as a bird, 5. 
 
 e] Turn ye unto Yahwe, from whom ye have revolted, for in that 
 
 day all idols will be powerless to help you, 6-7. 
 
 f] For it is not the sword of men that shall vanquish the Assyrian 
 
 in that day, but the might of Yahwe "whose fire is in Zion 
 and his furnace in Jerusalem," 8-9. 
 [Note: xxix: 16-24; xxx: 18-26, 27-33 ^""^ post-Exilic insertions] 
 
 18. A Prophecy against Shebna, the leader of the Egyptian party, XXII: 
 
 15-25- 
 
 a] The historical circumstances and date, — before 701. 
 
 b] The vizier Shebna, an unfamilied foreigner (probably a Syrian), who, 
 
 after the custom of the time, had been trying to establish himself 
 at Jerusalem by hewing himself a sepulchre, shall be thrust from 
 his post and banished from the country in disgrace, 15-19. 
 
c] Eliakim, a man of more approved political views, will be his suc- 
 cessor in office, 20-23. 
 [Verses 24-25 are a later addition.] 
 
 19. Prophecies against Assyria's Arrogance, X: 5-15; XIV: 24-27; X: 
 
 16-XI: 9. 
 
 a] The historical circumstances and date, 701. 
 
 b] Assyria has been only Yahwe's instrument of destruction, x : 5-6. 
 
 c] "Ilowbeit his heart does not think so." "As my hand," he says, 
 
 " has found the kingdoms of the idols, whose graven images did 
 excel those of Jerusalem ; shall I not, as I have done unto Samaria 
 and her idols, so do to Jerusalem and her idols .' " 7-1 1. 
 
 d] Therefore when Yahwe has finished using Assyria to chastise Jeru- 
 
 salem, he will punish the proud heart of the Assyrian king, 12-15. 
 
 e] To overwhelm Assyria in Judah is Yahwe's purpose, xiv : 24-253 . 
 
 f] Then shall Assyria's yoke depart, 25 b. 
 
 g] Since Yahwe rules over all nations, who shall thwart him in this his 
 
 purpose.' 26-27. 
 h] The glory of Assyria is about to depart, x : 16-19. 
 i] The remnant of Judah which shall survive in that day shall trust in 
 
 Yahwe; yet that remnant shall be small, 20-23. 
 j] Be not afraid, O Judah, your punishment is well-nigh fulfilled; then 
 
 will Assyria perish suddenly, 24-27. 
 k] Isaiah pictures the advance of Sennacherib's army from the north 
 
 toward Jerusalem, after he has completed his vengeance upon the 
 
 Phoenician cities, 28-32. 
 1] Suddenly, when Jerusalem seems almost within his grasp, Yahwe's 
 
 axe shall cut him down with his mighty host, and they shall fall 
 
 with the crash of a whole Lebanon of cedars, 33-34. 
 m] In that day shall the new king of the stock of Jesse be endowed 
 
 with Messianic gifts. The Spirit of Yahwe which shall rest upon 
 
 him shall clothe him with, xi : 1-5, 
 i] Clearness of moral and intellectual insight. 
 2] Wisdom and bravery. 
 
 3] Knowledge of and reverence for Yahwe's will, 
 n] All creation shall be in harmony with his reign of peace and right- 
 eousness, 6-9. 
 
 20. The Land a Desolation, I: 5-31. 
 
 [2-4 is an editorial addition of uncertain date ; vs. i is the superscription 
 the compiler of i-xxxv put to his book.] 
 
 a] The historical circumstances and date, 701. 
 
 b] Apostacy from Yahwe and social rottenness have brought punishment 
 
 upon Judah, — the land has been desolated by the Assyrians, 5-9. 
 
 c] Yahwe demands something more than punctilious observance of the 
 
 ceremonial law, 10-15. 
 
 d] Cease to do evil: learn to do well, 16-17. 
 
 e] Pardon assured on condition of amendment, 18-20. 
 
f] But there is no hope of Judah's amendment, 21-23. 
 
 g] Therefore the day of punishment is at hand; it will result in the 
 
 destruction of evil-doers and the survival of a worthy remnant 
 only, 24-31. 
 
 21. The City Besieged, XVII : 12-14. 
 
 a] The historical circumstances and date, 701. 
 
 b] The uproar of the advancing host, 12. 
 
 c] But at Yahvve's rebuke they shall flee away, 13. 
 
 d] "At eventide behold terror; before the morning they are not," 14. 
 
 22. The Anxiety of Ethiopia at the Crisis, XVIII. 
 
 a] The historical circumstances and date, 701. 
 
 b] The king of Ethiopia, alarmed at the near approach of the Assyrian 
 
 army, is sending messengers to different parts of his empire to 
 mobilize his troops, i-2a. 
 
 c] Isaiah, as it were, intercepts them and gives them a new commis- 
 
 sion, 2 b. 
 
 d] Ethiopia's anxiety is needless ; before the harvest-time Yahwe will 
 
 interfere, 3-6. 
 
 e] Ethiopia, in gratitude, will bring a present to Vahwe, to Mt. Zion, 7. 
 
 23. The Siege Raised, XXII: 1-14. 
 
 a] The historical circumstances and date, 701. 
 
 b] The preparations which had been made for the siege, — 
 
 i] Solomon's armory, " the house of the forest," had been in- 
 spected, 8. 
 
 2] The fortifications had been repaired, 9-10. 
 
 3] The suburban waters had been conducted witliin the walls, 9- 
 lia. 
 
 c] But the people did not look to Yahwe as the strength of all their 
 
 bulwarks and all their treaties, lib. 
 
 d] During the siege the Assyrians with their allies (Isaiah mentions 
 
 Elam and Kir) had filled "the choicest valleys full of chariots," 
 and " the horsemen were in array at the gate," 6-7. 
 
 e] Collapse of the State and ignominious flight of some of the leaders 
 
 of the Egyptian party, 3. 
 
 [It was at this juncture that Ilezekiah sent his messenger to 
 Lachish to Sennacherib to yield his submission : " I have offended ; 
 return from me: that which thou puttest on me will I bear," 2 Kings 
 xviii: 14, C. I. i : 2S0.] ^ 
 
 f] The people, wild with joy at the withdrawal of their besiegers, even 
 
 though it may be only temporary, give themselves up to irreligious 
 feastings and revellings : "Let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we 
 may die," 1-2, 12-13. 
 
 g] Isaiah, indignant at their continued impenitence, changes his assur- 
 
 ances of delivery into a far-reaching threat : "Surely this iniquity 
 shall not be purged from you till ye die, saith the Lord, Yahwe of 
 hosts," 14. 
 
24- Sennacherib's Campaign in the West, — the Siege of Jerusalem, XXXVI- 
 XXXVII. 
 
 A. These two chapters, inserted from 2 Kings xviii: 13-xix: 37, give two 
 
 parallel accounts of Sennacherib's demand for the surrender of 
 
 the city, 
 i] xxxvi: i-xxxvii: 9a, 37-38, ending with Tirhakah's approach and 
 
 Sennacherib's departure from the West. 
 2] xxxvii : 9^-36, ending with the pestilence. 
 
 B. The relation in which this event in the history of Judah stands to 
 
 the statements of .Sennacherib's historical annals may be seen from 
 the folio wing, table : 
 
 SENNACHERIB. 
 
 In Phoenicia. "Great Sidon, Little 
 Sidon, Bit-zitti, Sarepta, Makhall- 
 iba, Ushu, Ekdippa, Akko, his 
 (King Elulaeus of Sidon's) power- 
 ful cities, fortresses, pastures and 
 cisterns, and his fortifications, the 
 power of the arms of Asshur, my 
 lord, overcame and cast at my 
 feet," ii : 38-44*. 
 
 Ashkelon captured. " In the course 
 of my campaign Beth-Dagon, Joppa, 
 Beni-berak, Azuru ... I besieged, 
 I took," ii : 65-68. 
 Ekron. Panic in the city. The 
 people, anti- Assyrian in their sym- 
 pathies, had deposed their prince, 
 Padi, and had delivered him into 
 Hezekiah's hands, ii : 69-73. 
 
 Near Eltekeh. Approach of the 
 allies from Egypt. " In reliance 
 upon Asshur, my lord, I fought 
 with them and accomplished their 
 defeat," ii: 7S-79. 
 • Eltekeh and Timnath I besieged, I 
 took, and carried off their spoil,'' 
 ii : 82-83. 
 
 Ekron punished. " Padi, their king, 
 I brought forth from Jerusalem ; 
 upon the throne of lordship over 
 them I placed him," iii: 7-10. 
 
 HEZEKIAH. 
 
 " His cities, which I had plundered, I 
 cut off from his land and gave 
 them to Mitinti, king of Ashdod, 
 to Padi, king of Ekron, and to Tsil- 
 
 Bal, king of Gaza," iii 
 
 -26. 
 
 " Hezekiah of Judah, who had not 
 submitted to my yoke : forty-six of 
 his strong cities, fortresses, and in- 
 numerable small towns of their 
 environs ... I besieged, I took," 
 iii: 11-17. 
 
 •These references are to Sennacherib's Annals preserved on the so-called " Taylor Prism, ■* 
 a translation of which will be found on page 34 ; see also C. I. i : 2S4-286. 
 
At Lachish. " Sennacherib, the kmg 
 
 of the world, the king of Assyria, 
 
 seats himself on a throne and 
 
 causes the spoil of the city Lachish 
 
 to pass before him," C. I. i : 280. 
 The king of Assyria "heard say con- 
 cerning Tirhakah, king of Ethiopia, 
 
 He is come out to fight against 
 
 thee," xxxvii : 9a. 
 This report, however, of the approach 
 
 of Tirhakah himself at the head of 
 
 an Ethiopian army did not disturb 
 
 him; it was rather the rumor of 
 
 disturbances in Babylonia that 
 
 drew him homeward," cf. The 
 
 Babylonian Chronicle, Col. iii : 3. 
 
 " So Sennacherib, king of Assyria, 
 
 departed, and went and returned, 
 
 and dwelt at Nineveh," xxxvii: 37. 
 According to the other account, which 
 
 differs at this point, he and his 
 
 army would seem to have crossed 
 
 the swampy northeast corner of the 
 
 Egyptian Delta and there have 
 
 been so sorely smitten with the 
 
 pestilence that with his weakened 
 
 forces he dared not venture a meet- 
 ing with Tirhakah. This would 
 
 account for the Hebrew story that 
 
 "the Angel of Yahwe went forth, 
 
 and smote in the camp of the 
 
 Assyrians one hundred and eighty- 
 five thousand men," xxxvii : 36.* 
 
 *The Egyptian story caught up by Herodotus (ii : 141) of field-mice is only a mythological 
 way of saying that the god Horus, to whom the field-mouse is sacred, interfered in behalf of his 
 people, cf. Josephus, Antiq. Jud. X. i. 4. 
 
 Sennacherib demands the surrender 
 of Jerusalem, xxxvi: i-xxxvii: 7 
 and xxxvii: 9^-35. 
 
 " Hezekiah himself the fear of the 
 splendor of my lordship over- 
 whelmed him. The Urbi and his 
 other faithful warriors whom, as a 
 defence for Jerusalem, his royal 
 city, he had brought in, fell into 
 fear," iii : 29-33. 
 
 Hezekiah sends his messenger to 
 Lachish to tender his submission : 
 " I have offended ; return from me : 
 that which thou puttest on me will 
 I bear. And the king of Assyria 
 appointed unto Hezekiah, king of 
 Judah, three hundred talents of 
 silver and thirty talents of gold," 2 
 Kings xviii: 14-15. 
 
 According to Sennacherib : " With 
 thirty talents of gold, eight hundred 
 talents of silver, precious stones, 
 brilliant daggassi{'>), large lapis 
 lazuli, couches of ivory, thrones of 
 ivory, ivory, terebinth-wood, oak- 
 wood, of every kind, a heavy treas- 
 ure, and his daughters, his women 
 of the palace, the young men and 
 young women, to Nineveh, the city 
 of my lordship, I caused to be 
 brought after me, and he sent his 
 ambassadors to give tribute and to 
 do obeisance," iii: 34-41- 
 
\ 
 

 E! H< <MT<T JT :=Tf -I< -ITi 
 
 1^ 
 
 ••Stnn.idiL-iil., Illc- kiiiK (.( Ilie Morlil, the kins of • 
 On a lluonu seals himself, and 
 
 litni-mmrilwrTTit - - 
 
C. CONTEMPORARY ASSYRIO-BABYLONIAN RECORDS. 
 
 I. A Table of 
 
 The Kings of Assyria 
 
 Asshurnazirpal, 885-860 B. C. 
 
 Shalmaneser II, 860-824. 
 
 Shamshi-Ramman II, 824-811. 
 
 Ramman-nirari III, 811-782. 
 
 Shalmaneser III, 782-772. 
 
 Asshur-dan III, 772-754. 
 
 Asshur-nirari, 754-745. 
 
 Tiglath Pileser III (Pul), 745-727. 
 
 Shalmaneser IV (Ulula'a), 727-722. 
 Sargon II, 722-705. 
 
 Sennacherib, 705-681. 
 
 and The Kings of Babylon. 
 
 Esarhaddon, 681-668. 
 Asshurbanipal (Sardanapalus, Asnap- 
 
 per, Kandal), 668-625. 
 Asshur-itil-ilani-ukin, 62 5- 
 Bel-shum-ishkun, 
 Fall of Nineveh, 606. 
 
 Nabonassar, 747-7^3 B. C. 
 
 Nabu-nadin-zer, 733-721- 
 
 Nabu-shum-ukin, 731. 
 
 Ukin-zer, 731-729. 
 
 Pul (Poros, Tiglath Pileser III), 729- 
 727. 
 
 Ulula'a (Shalmaneser IV), 727-722. 
 
 Merodach Baladan, 721-710. 
 
 Sargon, 709-705. 
 
 Sennacherib, 705-703. 
 
 Marduk-zakir-shum, 703. 
 
 Merodach Baladan, 703. 
 
 Bel-ibni, 702-700. 
 
 Asshur-nadin-shum (s. of Sennacherib), 
 700-694. 
 
 Nergal-ushezib (Shuzub), 694-693. 
 
 Mushezib-Marduk (Shuzub), 692-689. 
 
 Sennacherib, 689-681. 
 
 Esarhaddon, 681-668. 
 
 Shamash-shum-ukin (b. of Asshur- 
 banipal), 668-647. 
 
 Kandal (Asshurbanipal), 647-625. 
 
 Nabopolassar, 625-604. 
 
 Nebuchadrezzar, 604-561. 
 
 Evil-Merodach, 561-559. 
 
 Nergal-shareser, 559-556. 
 
 Labasi-Marduk, 556-555. 
 
 Nabonidos (f. of Belshazzar), 555-538. 
 Cyrus captures Babylon, 538. 
 
 *The cuneiform inscriptions referred to, and the translation of which follows 
 on pages 30-36, may be found in : 
 
 Abel-Winckler, Keilschrifttexte. 
 
 Botta, Monuments de Ninive. 
 
 Delitzsch, Assyrische Lesestiicke. 
 
 Layard, Inscriptions in the Cuneiform Character. 
 
 Lyon, Keilschrifttexte Sargons. 
 
 Rawlinson, Cuneiform Inscriptions of Western Asia. 
 
 Rost, Texte Tiglath Pilesers III. 
 
 Winckler, Sargon II. 
 
 25 
 
II. Points of Contact in the History of Assyria-Babylonia and 
 Palestine. 
 745. Accession of Tiglath Pileser III. 
 743. Expedition against the city Arpad. 
 742-740. Azariah of Judah an ally of the Hamathites in a revolt against 
 Assyria ; Azariah pays tribute. 
 Rawlinson, III, 9, No. 2, 2-10; Rost 10; p. 30. 
 Ravvlinson, III, 9, No. 3, 23-30; Layard 65 and 50; Rost 13; 
 p. 30. 
 740. Arpad taken. 
 738. Calno taken. 
 
 Menahem of Israel and Rezin of Syria tribute-payers to Assyria. 
 Rawlinson III, 9, No. 3, 50-57 ; p 30. 
 Rost 7. 
 734-732. Tiglath Pileser in Syria-Palestine. 
 
 Syria devastated ; Rezin besieged for two years in his capital city 
 Damascus. 
 Layard 72, 1-16; p. 30. 
 Rost 10, II and 13. 
 Israel devastated ; Pekah assassinated and Iloshea placed on the 
 vacant throne. 
 Rawlinson, III, 10, No. 2, 12-30; Rost 15; p. 31. 
 Layard 66, 17-19; p- 31. 
 732. The vassals of Assyria pay tribute. 
 
 The Nimrud Clay-Inscription 57-62; p. 31. 
 Rawlinson, II, 67. 
 Rost 24. 
 729. Tiglath Pileser ascends the throne of Babylon under the name of 
 
 Pul ( = Poros of the Canon of Ptolemy). 
 727. Death of Tiglath Pileser. 
 
 727-722. Shalmaneser IV on the throne. 
 
 722. Accession of Sargon. 
 
 The conquest of the city Samaria, under siege since 724. 
 The Great Khorsabad Inscription 23-25; p. 32. 
 Botta 145, I f. 
 Winckler 30. 
 Annals 10-17 ; p. 33. 
 Botta 79 and 70. 
 Winckler i. 
 721. The defeat of Khumbanigash of Elam. 
 
 The Nimrud Stone-Inscription 7-8; p. 2^. 
 Layard 33. 
 Winckler 48. 
 
The Great Khorsabad Inscription 23 f; p. 32. 
 
 Botta 145, I f. 
 
 Winckler 30. 
 The overthrow of Merodach Baladan of Babylon ; transportation 
 of Babylonian inhabitants to Syria-Palestine, C. I. i : 268. 
 720. The defeat of Jaubi'di (Ilubi'di) of Hamath in the battle of Karkar. 
 The Great Khorsabad Inscription 33-36; p. 32. 
 
 Botta 145, 2, 9 f. 
 
 Winckler 31. 
 Annals 23-24; p. ^^. 
 
 Botta 70, 10 f. 
 
 Winckler i. 
 The Nimrud Stone-Inscription 7-8; p. ^^. 
 
 Layard :^;i. 
 
 Winckler 48. 
 Inscription on a Statue. 
 
 Botta 180. 
 The defeat of Shabak of Egypt in the battle of Raphia, and the 
 
 capture of Hanno of Gaza. 
 The Great Khorsabad Inscription 25-32; p. 32. 
 
 Botta 145, 2. 
 
 Winckler 31. 
 Annals 26-31 ; p. 33. 
 
 Botta 71, I f. 
 
 Winckler 2. 
 The Cylinder Inscription 17-20; p. ;^2- 
 
 Rawlinson, I, 36. 
 
 Lyon 3. 
 
 Winckler 43. 
 717. Expedition against Carchemish, C. I. 2 : 7. 
 715. E.xpedition against ^ledia. 
 
 Deportation of subjugated peoples of Samaria. 
 The Cylinder Inscription 17-20; p. 2;^. 
 
 Rawlinson, I, 36. 
 
 Lyon 3. 
 
 Winckler 43. 
 See also C. I. i : 269. 
 711. The campaign against Azuri of .'\shdod and the conquest of that 
 city ; Egypt sues for peace. 
 The Great Khorsabad Inscription 90-112 ; p. 32. 
 
 Botta 149, 6 f., 150, 151. 
 
 Winckler 33 and 34. 
 
 Abel- Winckler 16. 
 A Prism-Fragment, p. 34. 
 
 Winckler 45. 
 
 »7 
 
The Annals of Hall XIV, p. 34. 
 
 Winckler 26 and 27. 
 
 Botta 159a and i6ob. 
 710. War with Merodach Baladan, and his dethronement. 
 705. Death of Sargon. 
 
 705. Accession of Sennacherib. 
 
 704. Expedition to Babylon, C. I. 2 : 31. 
 
 703. Bel-ibni appointed to the throne of Babylon, C. I. 2 : 32. 
 
 701. Sennacherib's campaign in the West. 
 
 The Taylor Prism ii : 34-iii : 29 ; pp. 34-36. 
 Rawlinson, I, 38-39. 
 Abel-Winckler 18. 
 Delitzsch 114. 
 In Phoenicia, ii: 35-57 ; p. 34. Also the Constantinople or Nabi- 
 
 Junus Inscription, Rawlinson, I, 43, 15; p. 36. 
 Ashkelon captured, ii : 58-68 ; pp. 34 and 35. 
 Panic in Ekron at Sennacherib's approach, ii : 69-76; p. 35. 
 The battle near Eltekeh, ii : 76-82; p. 35. 
 Capture of Eltekeh and Timnath, ii : 82-83; p. 35. 
 Ekron punished, iii : i-i i ; p. 35. 
 In the meantime the territory of Judah has been desolated, iii: 11- 
 
 20; p. 35. 
 The captured cities of Judah divided among the neighboring sub- 
 ject princes, iii: 23-26; p. 35. 
 Jerusalem besieged and its surrender demanded, iii : 20-22 ; p. 35. 
 Hezekiah tenders his submission at Lachish. 
 
 The Lachish Bas-relief. A reproduction* of the bas-relief and 
 the text with transliteration and translation are given on the 
 inserted page opposite p. 24; also Rawlinson, I, 7, I, p. 36. 
 The Taylor Prism iii: 29-41, — the enumeration of Hezekiah 's 
 tribute, — is reproduced on opposite page. 
 Sennacherib called home by disturbances in Babylonia, C. I. i : 
 310. 
 700. The subjugation of Babylon; Bel-ibni deposed and Sennacherib's 
 son, Asshur-nadin-slium, placed on the throne. 
 The Babylonian Chronicle, ii: 26-31 ; p. 36. 
 Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, xix, part 4. 
 681. The assassination of Sennacherib. 
 
 The Babylonian Chronicle iii: 28-38. 
 
 • From Ragozin's "Assyria." {Kindness o/G. P. Putnam's Sons.) 
 
 28 
 

 hezekiah's tribute. 
 
 29 
 
III. Tiglath Pileser III. 
 
 Rawlinson, III, 9, No. 2. 
 
 2 [In] the course of my campaign [I received] the tribute of the kings 
 
 3 . . . . [Azar]iah the Judean, as well as ... 4 ... . Azariah of 
 
 Judah in 5 . . . . without number to heaven 6 . . . . with 
 
 eyes, just as if from heaven 7. . . assault of the light-armed soldiers(.'') 
 
 8 .... Of the advance of my powerful troops they heard and they 
 
 were afraid 9 . . . [their cities] I laid waste, I destroyed, [I burned 
 
 with fire] 10 ... . revolted to Azariah and strengthened him 
 
 Rawlinson, III, 9, No. 3, 23-30, 50-57. 
 
 Azariah 24Tribute such as is usual with [Assyria I laid upon 
 
 them] 25 26 . . The city Usnu, the city Siannu, the city Tsimirra, the 
 
 city Ka . . which are on the shore of the sea, as far as Mt. Sau, 27a peak in 
 the Lebanon range, and which surround Baal-zephon as far as the Amanus 
 range, the mountains of the oak-wood, the land of Sau in its full extent, 
 the territory of the city Kar-Hadad, etc., 30 . . . Nineteen districts 3 'of the city 
 Hamath together with the cities of their environs bordering on the sea of the 
 setting sun (/. e., Mediterranean), which in their faithlessness had revolted unto 
 Azariah, 32 unto the territory of Assyria I restored. My generals as satraps 
 over them I appointed. 
 
 SoTribute of Kushtashpi of Kummuch, Rezin of Damascus, Menahem of 
 Samaria, siHirom of Tyre, Sibittibi'il of Byblos, Urik of Que, Pisiris of Carche- 
 mish, Enilu S2of Hamath, Panammu of Sam'al, Tarkhular of Gamgum, Sulu- 
 mal of Melid, Dadilu 53of Kaska, Uassurme of Tabal, Ushkhitti of Tun, 
 Uraballa of Tukhan, Tukhammi of Ishtund, 54 Urimmi of Khushimna, Zabibi 
 the queen of Arabia : gold, silver, lead, iron, elephants' skin, ivory, S5 parti- 
 colored garments, linen, violet-blue, purj^le, terebinth-wood, oak-wood, every- 
 thing costly, a royal treasure, large sheep whose fleece s^were dyed red-purple, 
 feathered birds of the heaven whose wings were dyed violet-purple, horses, 
 mules, oxen, sheep, camels, 57she-camels with their young, I received. 
 
 Layard, 72. 
 
 » .... his {«'. c, Rezin's) warriors I captured I overthrew with 
 
 my weapons 2 before him 3the charioteers and 
 
 their weapons I broke in pieces 4 . . . . their horses I seized .... 
 
 his warriors bearing bows .... shearing shields and .spears, with my hand I 
 
 cast down and their battle-array 6 As for himself, to save his life, 
 
 he fled away alone and 7 like a gazelle his city gate he entered. His " 
 
 nobles aUve Swith my hand I seized ; on stakes I hung them up. I subjugated 
 his land. Forty-five soldiers of the camp . . 9[The gate] of his city I closed 
 and like a bird encaged I shut him in. His parks 10 reed-plants 
 
innumerable I cut down, a single one I did not leave " . . . . Khadara, the 
 house of the father Rezin of Damascus, 12 [the place where] he was bom, I 
 besieged, I took. Eight hundred men together with their goods, 13 ... . 
 their oxen, their sheep, I carried off. Seven hundred and fifty captives of the 
 city Kurutstsa, 14 . . captives of the city Irma, five hundred and fifty captives 
 
 of the city Mituna I carried off. Five hundred and ninety-one cities, 15 
 
 of sixteen districts of Damascus like a deluge I devastated . . 16 . . Samsi, 
 the queen of Arabia, who the oath of Shamash had not kept, etc. 
 
 Rawlinson, III, 10, No. 2. 
 
 " the city Khatarikka as far as Mt. Sau, 13 the 
 
 cities Byblos, Tsimirra, Arqa, Zimarra, M the cities Usnu, Siannu, 
 
 Ri'raba, Ri'sitsu, 15 cities on the shore of the upper sea I mastered. 
 
 SLx of my generals i6as satraps over them I appointed. The city Rashpuna 
 
 on the shore of the upper sea 17 the city Gal' ... the city Abi- 
 
 laqqa, which are at the entrance of the land of Beth-Omri {/. e., Israel) >8[the 
 land of Naphtajli the widespread, throughout its extent unto the territory of 
 Assyria I annexed. igMy generals as satraps over them I appointed. Hanno 
 of Gaza, zowho had fled before my arms, escaped to Egypt. Gaza 2i[I took; 
 
 his goods,] his treasures, his gods, [I carried off] My royal statue 
 
 ^^ in the midst of the palace [of Hanno I set up], etc. 26 
 
 The land of Beth-Omri 27 all of its inhabitants, 28their goods, to 
 
 Assyria I deported. Pekah their king they slew. Hoshea 29unto the lordship 
 over them I appointed. Ten talents of gold, one thousand talents of silver, 
 [their heavy treasure(.?)] I received from them. 3o[To Assyria I de]ported 
 them. Samsi, the queen of Arabia, who, etc. 
 
 La YARD, 66. 
 
 '7[The land of Beth-Omri], all of whose territory I had subjected in my 
 former campaign and whose cities I had annexed [to the territory of Assyria], 
 
 '3 whose . . I carried off. Samaria they left alone and their king 
 
 i9[they slew]. 
 
 The Nimrud Clay-Inscription, 57-63. 
 
 Tribute of Kushtashpi of Kummukh, Urik of Que, Sibittibi'il of Byblos, 
 Enilu of Hamath, Panammu of Sam'al, Tarkhular of Gamgum, Sulumal of 
 Melid, .... Uassumie of Tabal, Ushkhitti of Tun, Urballa of Tukhan, 
 
 Tukhammi of Ishtund, 60 [Ma]tanbi'il the Arvadite, Sanipu the 
 
 Beth-Ammonite, Salmanu the Moabite .... Mitinti of Ashkelon, Jehoahaz 
 
 of Judah, Qaushmalak of Edom, Mus Hanno of Gaza : gold, silver, 
 
 lead, iron, tin(?), parti-colored garments, linen, the red-purple clothing of their 
 
 country, the product of sea and of land, the spoil of their country, a 
 
 royal treasure, horses, mules, the team of a yoke [I received]. 
 
IV. Sargon II. 
 
 The Great Khorsabad Inscription, 23-36, 90-112. 
 
 From the beginning of my kingship until the fifteenth year of my reign I 
 accomplished the defeat of Khumbanigash, the king of Elam, in the suburb of 
 Dur-ilu. 
 
 Samaria I besieged, I took. Twenty-seven thousand, two hundred and 
 ninety of the people dwelling within it I carried off. Fifty chariots in their 
 midst I collected, and the rest I allowed to keep their possessions. My satraps 
 over them I appointed; the tribute of the former king 25! laid upon them. 
 
 Hanno, the king of Gaza, with Shabak, the tartan of Egypt, had come out 
 against me to the city Raphia to fight and join battle. Their defeat I accom- 
 plished. Shabak was afraid of the onset of my weapons and fled and no trace 
 of him was seen. Hanno, the king of Gaza, with my hand I seized. The 
 tribute of Pharaoh, the king of Egypt, Samsi, the queen of Arabia, It'amara 
 the Sabasan, gold, the products of the mountains, horses, camels, I received. 
 
 ssjaubi'di (also called Ilubi'di) the Hamathite, a man, not an heir 
 
 of the throne, a wicked Hittite, set his heart on the royalty of Hamath, and 
 incited Arpad, Tsimirra, Damascus and Samaria to revolt from me. He 
 confederated them and marshalled them to the battle. The mighty host of 
 the god Asshur I summoned. I besieged him together with his troops within 
 his favorite city Karkar. 35I took it, and I burned Karkar with fire. As for 
 himself, I flayed him ; I put to death the rebels in those cities, and I established 
 peace. Two hundred chariots, six hundred horsemen among the inhabitants 
 of Hamath I collected and added to my royal army. 
 
 goAzuri, the king of Ashdod, had plotted in his heart not to render tribute 
 and had sent unto the kings of his neighborhood who were hostile to Assyria. 
 Because of the wrong he had done, his lordship over the people of his neighbor- 
 hood I had changed. Akhimit, his uterine brother, unto the lordship over 
 them I had appointed. 9sThe Hittites, plotting revolt, resisted his rule and 
 enthroned over themselves Jaman, not an heir of the throne, who like them- 
 selves the fear of my lordship did not know. In the rage of my heart all of 
 my troops I did not collect, I did not gather together my camp. With my 
 warriors who do not leave 'oomy side against Ashdod I marched. And he, 
 Jaman, heard of the advance of my expedition from afar and fled unto the 
 border of Egypt by the side of Melukhkhi*; not a trace of him was seen. 
 Ashdod, Gath, Ashdudim 105! besieged, I took. His gods, his wife, his sons, 
 his daughters, property, goods, the treasures of his palace, together with the 
 people of his land, I counted as booty. Those cities I settled anew. The 
 people of the lands captured by my hand which are in .... of the rising of 
 the sun, I caused to dwell therein. [My satrap I appointed over them and] 
 with the people of Assyria I counted them and they bear my yoke. 
 
 The king of Melukhkhi, • «owho in .... an unapproachable place, a way of 
 
 *Tlie "salt" desert between the frontier of Egypt and the southern border of Palestine. 
 
 32 
 
. . . ., — whose fathers from distant days the oath of Nannaru his forefather 
 [had violated], to the kings my fathers had not sent their envoys to ask for 
 peace, — heard from afar of the might of Asshur, Nebo, Merodach. The fear 
 of the splendor of my lordship overpowered him, and terror overwhelmed him. 
 Into chains, bonds, fetters of iron he cast him (/. e., Jaman) and to the midst 
 of Assyria, a way of ... . into my presence they brought him. 
 
 Inscription on a Statue. 
 Jaubi'di, his skin I drew off. 
 
 The Nimrud Stone Inscription, 7-8. 
 
 The exalted prince, who fought in the suburb of Dur-iUi with Khumbanigash, 
 the king of Elam, and accomplished his defeat, — the subjector of the land of 
 Judah, whose location is remote, the depopulator of Hamath, he whose hands 
 captured their king Jaubi'di. 
 
 The Annals, 10-17, 23-31. 
 
 At the beginning of my kingship, in the first year of my reign, n 
 
 Samaria I besieged, I took (two lines lost). 'sTwenty-seven thousand, two hun- 
 dred and ninety of the people dwelling within it I carried off. Fifty chariots, 
 
 as my royal force, in their midst I collected The people 
 
 of the lands, captured by my hands, in its {i. e., Samaria's) midst 17I settled. 
 My general I appointed over them as satrap ; and tribute, a gift such as is usual 
 with Assyria, I laid upon them. 
 
 23ln the second year of my reign Ilubi'di (called Jaubi'di in the Khorsabad 
 
 Inscription) 24 assembled his numerous troops at Karkar. 
 
 The oath 25 Arpad, Tsimirra, Damascus, the people of 
 
 Samaria [he incited to revolt from me] (some thirty or more signs have been 
 lost here). Shabak called his tartan to his aid. To fight 28and join battle 
 he came out against me. In the name of Asshur, my lord, his defeat I accom- 
 plished. Shabak, like a shepherd robbed of his sheep, fled away alone and 
 made his escape. 3oHanno with my hand I seized and led him bound to my 
 city Asshur. Raphia I laid waste, I destroyed, I burned with fire. Nine 
 thousand and thirty-three men together with their treasure I carried off. 
 
 The Cylinder Inscription, 17-20. 
 
 The exalted prince, who fought in the suburb of Dur-ilu, etc igthe 
 
 overthrow of the widespread land of Beth-Omri (i. e., Israel), who at Raphia 
 accomplished the overthrow of Egypt and carried off Uanno, the king of Gaza, 
 his prisoner to Assyria. The capturer of the people of Tamud, Ibadid, Mar- 
 siman, Khajap, the remainder of whom he deported and settled in the land of 
 Beth-Omri. 
 
A Prism Fragment. 
 
 iln the ninth year of my reign 2 Azuri, 3the king of Ash- 
 
 dod . . . 4in order to sfrom 6Akhimit 
 
 7 his uterine brother, unto the lordship over them 81 had appointed .... 
 
 9 Tribute and presents, lothe same as of the former kings, "I laid upon him. 
 
 .... i2The wicked in ... . i3not to render tribute .... ^plotted 
 
 isthey raised to the throne .... (l^hree lines lost) 'SJaman, a soldier 
 
 i9unto the lordship over them [on the throne] zoof their king they placed. 
 
 29 ... of Philistia, Judah, Edom and Moab, dwelling by the sea, bringing 
 tribute and presents to Asshur, my lord, who plotted revolt and treason, who 
 to incite him against me unto Pharaoh, king of Egypt, a prince who could not 
 save them, 35their presents carried and besought his alliance, — I, Sargon, the 
 legitimate prince, the reverer of the oath of Nebo and Merodach, the pro- 
 tector of the name of Asshur, [crossed(.'')] the Tigris and the Euphrates 39at 
 their flood, and marshalled the kernel(.'*) of my troops with lightning rapidity. 
 
 The Annals of Hall XIV. 
 iijaman of Ashdod was afraid of my weapons. His wife, his sons, his 
 daughters, i2he deserted and fled unto the border of Egypt by the side of 
 Melukhkhi and like a sharraku dwelt there. Over all of his widespread land 
 and subject peoples my general 13I appointed as satrap and extended the rule 
 of Asshur, the king of the gods. i4The king of Melukhkhi the splendor of 
 Asshur overpowered, and he cast him hand and foot into fetters of iron and to 
 the midst of Assyria into my presence he sent him. 
 
 V. Sennacherib. 
 
 The Taylor Prism, ii: 34-iii: 41. 
 
 In my third campaign I marched to the land of the Hittites.* 35EIulaeus, 
 the king of Sidon, him the fear of the splendor of my lordship had over- 
 whelmed, and he had fled to a distance in the midst of the sea and there took 
 up his abode. Great Sidon, Little Sidon, Bit-Zitti, Sarepta, Makhalliba, 
 4oUshu, Ekdippa, Akko, his powerful cities, fortresses, pastures and cisterns, 
 and his fortifications, the power of the arms of Asshur, my lord, overcame and 
 cast at my feet. Ethobal upon the royal throne 4sl placed over them; and 
 the payment of the tribute of my lordship every year without change I laid 
 upon him. Menahem of Samsimuruna, Ethobal of Sidon, Abdili'ti of Arvad, 
 SoUrumilki of Byblos, Mitinti of Ashdod, Buduilu of Beth-Ammon, Kammusu- 
 nadab of Moab, Malik-rammu of Edom — ssall the kings of the West-land — 
 brought rich presents, heavy gifts together with merchandise, before me and 
 kissed my feet. 
 
 Tsidqa (Zedek), the king of Ashkelon, who had not submitted to my yoke : 
 the gods of the house of his fathers, himself, 6ohis wife, his sons, his daughters. 
 
 *At this time " the land of the Hittites " was used generically, signifying Syria in general. 
 
 34 
 
his brothers, the seed of the house of his fathers, I brought out, and I car- 
 ried them off to Assyria. Sharru-ludari, the son of Rukibti, their former 
 king, I placed over the people of Ashkelon ; and the payment of the tribute, 
 a present to my lordship, I imposed upon him and he bears my yoke. (>sln 
 the course of my campaign Beth-Dagon, Joppa, Beni-berak, Azuru, — the 
 cities of Tsidqa which had not submitted to me promptly, — I besieged, I 
 took, I carried off their spoil. 
 
 The governors, the princes and the people of Ekron, yowho Padi, their king 
 by Assyrian right and oath, had cast into chains of iron and in a hostile man- 
 ner had delivered him to Ilezekiah of Judah — he shut him up in prison — 
 feared in their hearts. The kings of Egypt summoned the bowmen, the 
 chariots, the horses of the king of Melukhkhi, 75a force without number, and 
 came to their aid. In front of the city Eltekeh they drew up before me their 
 battle-array, appealing to their weapons. In reliance upon Asshur, my 
 lord, I fought with them and accomplished their defeat. So'fhe chief of 
 the chariots and the sons of the king of Egypt together with the chief of the 
 chariots of the king of Melukhkhi my hands captured alive in the battle. 
 Eltekeh (and) Timnath I besieged, I took, I carried off their spoil. 
 
 iii: "I drew near to Ekron. The governors (and) princes, who had com- 
 mitted sin, I put to death ; on stakes around the city I hung their dead 
 bodies. The inhabitants of the city who had committed sin and evil deeds si 
 counted as spoil ; to the rest of them who had not committed sin and wrong, 
 who were guiltless, I proclaimed amnesty. Padi their king I brought forth 
 from Jerusalem ; upon the throne of lordship over them lol placed him. The 
 tribute of my lordship I laid upon him. 
 
 But Hezekiah of Judah, who had not submitted to my yoke: forty-six of 
 his strong cities, fortresses, and innumerable small towns of their environs, 
 isby laying low the ramparts and by an attack of my battering-rams(?), by 
 an assault of the light-armed soldiers(?), by breaches, by slaughter and by 
 axes, I besieged, I took. Two hundred thousand, one hundred and fifty 
 men, young, old, male and female, horses, mules, asses, camels, oxen, and 
 innumerable sheep, from their midst I brought forth and accounted as 
 spoil. As for himself, like a caged bird within Jerusalem, his royal city, I 
 shut him up. The towers against him I fortified, and whosoever came forth 
 from the gates of his city I turned back. His cities which I had plundered, I 
 cut off from his land, and to Mitinti, king of Ashdod, zsto Padi, king of 
 Ekron, and to Tsil-Bal, king of Gaza, I gave them, and I reduced the size 
 of his land. In addition to the former tribute, the yield of their land, the 
 tribute due to my lordship I added and laid upon them. As for Hezekiah 
 himself, 3othe fear of the splendor of my lordship overwhelmed him. The 
 Urbi and his other faithful warriors whom, as a defence for Jerusalem, his 
 royal city, he had brought in, allowed fear to overcome them. With thirty 
 talents of gold, eight hundred talents of silver, I [or he] caused precious 
 stones, ssbrilliant daggassi (.'), large lapis lazuli, couches of ivory, thrones of 
 ivory, ivory, terebinth-wood, oak-wood, of every kind, a heavy treasure, and his 
 
 35 
 
daughters, his women of the palace, the young men and young women, to 
 Nineveh, the city of my lordship, 4oto be brought after me. He sent his 
 ambassadors to give tribute and to do obeisance. 
 
 The Constantinople or Nabi-Junus Inscription, 13-15. 
 
 Elulaeus, the king of Sidon, I removed from his kingship. On his throne I 
 placed Ethobal, and the tribute of my lordship I laid upon him. The wide- 
 spread territory of Judah, whose king is Hezekiah, I made subject. 
 
 The Lachish Bas-Relief Inscription. 
 
 Sennacherib, the king of the world, the king of Assyria, seats himself on 
 a throne and causes the spoil of the city Lachish to pass before him. 
 
 The Babylonian Chronicle, ii: 26-31; iii : 28-38. 
 
 ii : 26 In the third year of Bel-ibni, Sennacherib descended to Akkad and 
 carried off the spoil of Akkad. Bel-ibni and his nobles were deported to 
 Assyria. For three years Bel-ibni had ruled over Babylon. Sennacherib 
 seated his son, Asshur-nadin-shum on the throne of Babylon. 
 
 iii: 2SIn the eighth year (/. e., for eight years) there was no king in Babylon ; 
 . . . On the twentieth day of Tebet, Sennacherib, the king of Assyria, was 
 assassinated by his son in an insurrection. For [twenty-three] years Sen- 
 nacherib had ruled over Assyria. From the twentieth day of Tebet until the 
 second day of Adar the insurrection in Assyria continued. On the eighteenth 
 day of Adar, Esarhaddon, his son, ascended 4e- the throne of Assyria. 
 
 JEWISH CAPTIVES. 
 
 36 
 
I Syracuse, N. Y. 
 ' PAT. JAM. 21, 1908